4*. Jh ^dUJllVJJU' ^\Mt UNIVtKi/A ^lUVWLtlfj-^ ^sJ.lUBKAHVQ/: ^^t•llt^KAHT(V/ CS. c»V5 <^ >*-v__^^ ^ =1 ■■lOJIlVJJO- "^ ^tfOJIlVJJO"*^ -r S ■%a3/\iN I 111 1 1 , ^Wf UNIVERJ/A. "^-filJ'J.W liUl ^ ' ■■^/iaJAhNll i\V- rffiyi |V[ff| j^i 1$ ^VllBRARYC^ '0', , ■< ^/i83AINn3WV^ ^OFCAIIFOff^ ^.OF-CA1IFO% % , \\\E UNIVERS-//, vN:lOSANC[l£j> %3DKv lAisnmv^ i^ ^\^f■^)NIVERJ/A, ^v^KlOSANCflfx. %ilJ3NV ,\IN(l-3ftV* ^«^tllBRARYO/f ^^t•UBR^ ■^CAHvaani^ ^evlllBRARYO/, ••''aujiivj ju ' 55 c "-•lij.'inui^"" "^/sajAiaii juv ^IK 'dUJll\. 'j , ^, ^tllBRARY/9^^ § ■< NlUrti 5 ,,^SIIBRARY/V ^AOJIlVDJO't^ %0JnV3JO'>^ ^.OFfAllF0%^ ^.0FCAIIF0% ^* ,[ UNIVERS/A "^/sa^AiNn-iftv^ ^lOSANCEltr^ %]imm^ ^OFCAlli A^" Mm .'UJHVJ JU ^(jojnvjjo'^ %0i\miQ'^ ■f UNIVERJ/A ^If ^^ ^0FCAIIF0%, ^OfCAlIFO% t-O ■''7Ujnvj j- 'idvaoirr--'' .JJMiUl-' •'C'UJIIVJJU' ■<'jajAir(iiJiv- ^1 1^1 ll "■^JliJ.V vvlOSMElff.x Or .•5A\El)NIVERS'/A ,^>;10S ANCElfj> ]wv^^ %ojnv3jo'^ .^vlOSANf,; & < 2' 3 «^ O ^■^0 ^^\^E•llNIVERiy/i. ^vlOSANCElfj> ^.Of ^^■^^ '~ ^JJl. AdVtialii^■^ liJWSUl'^' '^/iaJAINIlJW^ .J,V ^vinsANCEifr. IIBRARY/O-- , ^ — - iu;. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY NEW HAMPSHIRE. coiymLEr) tjitdee, the su feij-visioit oe D. HAMILTON HURD. ILLUSTRATED. I'll I I, A hi: I. I'll lA : J. W. LKWIS & CO. i.ssn. CorYKloiTT, lS8r., i!Y .1. W. Lewis & Co. PUBLISHERS' PREFACE. Nearly three years ago the attention ot the publishers, wlio liave long niade a specialty of this class of work, was called to the fact that a iiistory of Hillsborough County was needed. After mature deliberation the work was planned and its compilation commenced. The best literary talent in this section of the State for this especial work was engaged, whose names appejir at the hesid of tlunr respective articles, besides many other local writers on special topics. These gentlemen a2)proached the work in a spirit of impartiality and thoroughness, and we believe it has been tlieir honest endeavor to trace the history of the development of the territoiy embodied herein from that period when it was in tiie undis- puted possession of the red man to the present, and to place before the reader an authentic narrative of its rise and progress. The work has been comj)iled from autiientieated and . original sources, and no effort spared to produce a history which should ])rove in every respect wortliy of the county represented. The Publishers. Philadelphia, August, 1885. ■* r A' -•<-) -'O tt CONTENTS. GEIS'EEAI. HISTORY- CHAPTER I. Early History and Organization of Courts . PAOt 1 CHAPTER II. The Bench and Bar TOWN HISTORIES. Manchester 40 Nashua 139 Amher.st 219 Antrim 252 Bedford 265 Bennington 284 Brookline 289 france.stown 297 Goffstow.v 303 Greenfield 331 Hancock 350 Deerino 366 Hillsborough 391 HoLLis 435 Hudson 457 Litchfield 486 Lyndeborough 498 Mason 513 Greenville 618 Merrimack 527 MiLFORD 551 New Boston 585 New Ii'SWich 610 Peliia.m 631 Peterborough (550 Sharon i>7() Temple 672 Weare 678 Wilton 695 Windsor 727 Mont Vernon 7;it> Appendix 745 V BIOGRAPHICAL, PACE Adams, rlilnoliM 123 Athcnoii, Cliarlw G 12 Atherlon, ClmrlM H 10 Atberton, Jut(hua — 9 ATerill, Clinton S 579 Aj'er, Ik'rOaniin F 34 Ajcr, Samuel H 13 B«lch, CharlM E 133 Balch, Mark 300 Baldwin, Samuel 288 Bartlill, CharlM H 32 Boll, !ru, SAninol G 201 DfMlge, I'erley 35 Dulihip, Archibald H 211 Katun, Harrison 547 Kdwards, Supply W 67fi Farley, Benjamin M .39 Fellows, Joseph W 3JI Ferguson, John 128 I'AUK Fltib, Charles D .348 Forsailh, Samuel C 84 Foster, Herman 26 French, John C 133 Fuller, John G 425 Fulton, James 389 Gilbert, John 431 Gilnian, Horace W 209 Gilmau, Virgil C 210 Goodale, John H 379 Goodalo, Levi 429 Goodale, T. N 429 Goodell, David H 200 Goodale Familj* 428 Godfrey, Reuben 214 Goffc, John 47 Gove, Charles F 12 Graves, Josiah G 199 Gray, U. S 726 Greeley, Horace 250a Gregg, James 389 Griffln, George 496 Grimes, Francis 422 Grimes, James F 423 Hall, James H 216 Hiill, James Harvey 296 Hamblet. Kli 484 Heald, David 580 Hildreth, .lotham 512 Holman, Charles 201 Hosley, John 136 Howard Family, The 213 Hutchinson, John W 581 Jones Family, The 427 Kimball, Gilman 203 Kingr^bury, Cleorge 300 Lincoln, Leavltt 030 Livermore, Solomon K 573 Lund, Charles 216 Maynard, John H 136 Morrill, James B 483 3[oorc, Joseph C 60 Moore, Xonnan J. M 202 Murrlsjin, Georgo \V 13 Murray, Orlando D 203 Xowell, Joseph 722 Parsons, William M 137 PartridKo, S. II 347 Parker, John M 326 Parker, William T 649 Pattee, L. N 330 Pevoy, Peter 349 Povey, /ebcdiah 344 Pierce, Franklin 10 Potter, Chandler E 136 Preston, John 028 vii BIOGKAPHIES. PAGE Bauise.v. Juhii 347 Sawyer, Auroii F 3C Sawder, Aarun W 36 Sawyer, Moat's 694 Seconib, John 250a Shirley Kainily, The 327 Simuua, Hiraui COi SimuDS, Lewis C92 Smith, George L 608 Smith, Isaac \V 27 Smith, John B 429 Smith, Luke C07 Smyth, Frederick 67 Spalding, Isaac 199 Stanley, Cliutou W 22 Stark, John 46 Stevens, Aaron F 37 Stevens, William 743 Stimton, Charles 327 PAGE Straw, Ezekiel A tjQ Sulloway, Cyrus A 32 Swallow, Stillman 217 Tarbell, Joel H 511 Tuttle, Jacob 261 Upton, Samuel 34 Wallace, Alonzo S 294 Wasou, Elbildge 605 Webster, Kimliall 432 W^ells, Charles 127 Weston, James A 12I White, Jeremiah \V 205 Whitford, Elliott 216 Whiting, David 723 Wilkins, Alexander M 550 Woodbury, John 045 Worcester, Joseph E 455 Worcester, Samuel T 39 ILLUSTRATIONS. Adanu, Pbinehas 124 Av«rill, Clinlon 8 578 Balch, Charles E 134 Balch, Mark 300 Baldwiu, Siuuuel 288 Berr>', Augustus 647 Blood, Arelos 75 BraiUev, Uunis M 104 Bruilfoni, Epbraim P 600 BriMiks Iijuac 249 Buck, Wlllliiiu D 10(i Burnliam, Alwl C 422 Burns, Charles H 40 Cani|ihi'll, Charles H 260 Caiii|i)>fll, Daniel, Jr 2o0a Chaniberlain, .lamoB L ;V2G Chentj-, I'ersiin C 83 Cliristie, Slorris 202 Clai.p, Allen X 132 Clark, Daniel 18 Clarke, John It 55 Clark, Lewis W 27 Cloughr Lucicn B 32 Crosby, Joslah 125 Cn««, Daviil 31 Crouible, Ninian C 609 Cnniner, Nathaniel W 120 Currier, Moody 66 Culler, .lohu H 060 Davis, Joseph 364 Dearborn, Cornelius Van M 200 Dearlj..rn, Samuel G 200 Dodge, Perloy 35 Doe, maii N 429 G.K)dell, David H 200 Graves, JoslaliG 199 Gray, H.N 726 Gregg, James 389 GritBn, liuorgc 490 Grimes Francis 422 GrinieH. .lames K 42.3 Hall, Jiinie-* Harvey 296 Ilaml.let, Kli. 484 lleald, Davl.l 580 Hlldrelh, Jotlmui 512 PAGE Holnmn, Charles 201 Ilosley, John 136 Howard, Ezra P 212 Hutchinson, John W 582 .lunes, Parker 427 Kimball, Gilman 263 Kingsbury, George 301 Lincoln, Leavitt 030 Liverniorc, Solomon K 574 Lund, Charles 216 Map *jf Hillsborough County 1 Mayniird, John H 135 Jlerrill, James B 483 Moore, Joseph C 60 Moore, Xornian J. M 202 Murray, Orlando D 203 Newell, Joseph 722 Parker, John M 326 Parker, William T. 549 Parsons, William M 137 Partridge, S. U 347 Pattce, L. N 330 Pevey, Peter 349 Pevey, Zehedlah..... 344 Pierce, »unklin 10 I'otter, Chandler E 136 Preston, John 61i8 Ilamsoy, John 346 Sawyer, .\arou W 36 Sawyer, Moses 694 Shirley, E. 328 Simons, Himm 691 Simons, Lewis 692 Smith, George L 608 Smith, Isaac W 28 Smith, John B 430 Smith, Luke 608 .Smyth, Friilorick 68 Spalding, Isaac 198 l*trovince to Massachusetts. Upon the settlement of a (piestion which had troul)lcd the province for half a century, the towns which had had a corporate existence under Massa- chusetts were rechartered by the province of New Hampshire, and new towns were formed from those jiortions of existing towns cut off from Massachusetts. The i)olitical history of New Hampshire to the middle of the eighteenth century is simply the history of the southeastern portion of the State, Portsmouth, Exeter and Dover being the towns of consequence at HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. that time. Previous to the year 1770 the entire State, for all finanrial and judicial purposes, was a single count. All business of a public nature was transacted at one of the three towus named, and most of it at Portsmouth. All the royal executive officers resided there. Portsmouth then had a population of more than four thousand, and was practically the capital of the province. As the province increased in jioimiation the peo))le demanded other and smaller ])olitical divisions, in which ordinary business could be transacted. In 1707, John Wentworth, the second of that name, was appointed Governor of New Hampshire, and one of the measures brought forward at the opening of his administration comprehended the division of the province into counties, and the erection of a judicial system to meet the wants of the entire State. It was opposed by the residents of what is now Rockingham County, on the ground that it would increase the ex- penses of the province without corresponding advan- tages. The Governor favored the measure as one likely to develop the province, an end to which he devoted his entire energies, iienetrating the wilderness so far as to lay out an estate and erect an elegant mansion at WoUTjorough, upon the Winnipiscogee. The matter was debated in several sessions of the Assembly before all points of difference could be rec- oncded. The number of counties, and lines of divi- sion were not easily agreed upon. It was finally settled that the province should be divided into five counties, with an ample judiciary system. The act was finally passed, suspending its operation until such time as the King's pleasure should be known. The act took effect in the spring of 1771. (Jovcrnor Wentworth named the counties (after his friends in England) Rockingham, Strallord, Hills- borough, Cheshire and Grafton. It may be remarked that by the efforts of parties opposed to any division, the counties of Strafford and Grafton, by an amend- ment to the act, remained connected to the county of Rockingham until 1773. Sullivan has since been taken ofl' Cheshire, Coos from Grafton, Merrimack from Rockingham and Hillsborough, Carroll and Belknap from Strafford, Hillsborough County upon its organization in- cluded all the territory of the present county, except- ing the town of Pelham, which for a time formed part of Rockingham County, It also included all of the present county of Merrimack west of the Merrimack Eiver, excepting the town of Bow, the city of Concord and portions of other towns whose lines have been changed within a few years. The territory thus set off for the county of Hillsborough was not all incor- porated into towns. Some of it was not even settled, and some lands then settled remained unincorpor.ated for several years. The population of the county at the time of its organization was not far fnmi fifteen thousand. There were eighteen incorporated towns within the i)resent limits of the county, ranking as follows in j)oint of population and valuation : Am- herst, Hollis, New Ipswich, Dunstable, Merrimack, Nottingham West (now Hudson), Peterborough, Litciifield, Bedford, Goffstown, Derryfield (now Man- chester), Wilton, New Boston, Ma.son, Wcare, Lynde- borough. Temple and Hillsborough. More than half the population of the county at this time resided in the six towns Amherst, Hollis, New Ipswich, Dun- stable, Merrimack and Nottingham West. New Hampshire was settled by immigration coming in through four different channels, the Portsmouth .md Piscataqua colonies, the Londonderry colony, the settlers coming into the State by way of Dunstable, and the line of immigration coming up the valley of the Connecticut Eiver. The county of Hillsborough was peopled from the second and third of these sources) and very largely from the Londonderry settlement. No sooner was the demand for the division of the State into counties in a fair way to be answered affir- matively than the question of the selection of the shire- town began to be agitated. Three towns were named in this connection, — Amherst, Hollis and Merrimack. The attention of the Governor of the province was called to this matter as early as October, 1767, by the Rev. Daniel Wilkins, the first minister of the town of Amherst, in the following letter : "i/oii. and hear Sir: '* After duo tsuhitfitioiis I beg leave to iilform your Hon' lliat the pro- posal of the geucVal Court, that Merriiiuick be the sbire-towu of the county ou the west side of Ulerriinack river, has caused a general un- easiness throughout the county, and many thinking men in i^lerriniack itself (as I have been credibly iuforiued) are well satisfied that if the pro- posal be established, it will bo greatly to the town damage in general, as they are small in numbers, consisting of seventy odd families, no more, and tliose much scattered, and many of that number are new places and no ways accommodated to entertain a Court, especially with hay and paa- turago ; neither do they ever expect to be accommodated witliin the pre- mises, as a great part of their land is poor and ch»thed with shrub. The uneasiness of the people arisen from the said proposal not being for Am- herst rather than Merrimack, not only as.\mhen(t has been talked aa for a shii-e-town ever from it» infancy, thereby fixing the mind of the people upon it, being from its situation nearer to the Heart of the county, 80 that many towns can come from homo in the morning and return home in the evening. They could not possibly do the like if the Court beat ]VIerrimack, and thereby save a great deal of charge to poor people. "And now, honored sir, I beg leave to give a ilescription of .\ndierBt in a few words : ' Tt is situated about eight miles from Mr. Lnlwickes' Ferry, on Merrimack river, the contents of wliicli is about six miles square, containing about one hundred and sixty families and accommo- dated, acconling to men of the bust judgment, to settle one hundred fami- lies more than is already settled, and near a hundred of them are good country farms, well accommo<1ated with fields and pastures, and chictly all good Husbands.' "The middle of the town is pleasantly situated, a good coach road from tlie eastern and southern imrts of the province, and all roads center there. The peo)de in general, knowing the situation and accommodations of .-VinberBt to entertain the Court, suppose that the General Court's proposal for Merrimack springs from a misrepresentation. The occa- sion of these lines to your Hon' wafi the cries of the people, and I beg leave to subscribe your humble servant. " Amheral, Oct. yo 1, 17C7. " To thr. Hon. Gtorge J^ftey, E»q., in Portsmouth" The arguments of this divine, reinforced by other expressions of the voice of the people of the county, prevailed, and Amherst was made the shire-town. It 'DaNIP.I. Wir.KINS. EARLY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS. was a just decision, it being the most populous town, and located near what was then the centre of popula- tion anil near the present geographical centre of the county. Amherst then had as large a population as to-day, but it must be remembered that its territorial limits have been contracted, the towns of Milford and .Mount Vernon having been taken from it. For a long lime it was a place of business and social consequence; many people of culture and distinction have there re- sided. X lack of water-power and railroad facilities luive co.st the town the prominence it once had, and it has receded from the first to the ninth place in rank among tlie towns of the county in the matter of popu- lation and valuation. It was sole shire-town for the present county limits until 1846, when a term of court was estal)lishid at Manchester, and another term at Xivshua in 1807. In ISlJoajail was legally established at Manchester, and the old stone building at Amherst was discontinued. In 1866 the records, for so long a time at .Vmherst, by vote of the county, were removed to Nashua, where they are now kci)t in substantial liuildings and vaults. In 1879 the only term of court then held at .Vndierst was abolished, and the town, after an honorable record of one hundred and eight years, ceased, in the language of Parson Wilkins, to entertaia the courts. It is not generally knf>wn that a town of consider- able importance, called Monson, had a chartered existence in this county previous to the year 1770, tt lay upon the south of the Souhegan River and measured upon the river about six miles, extending from a little above Jones' Corner, in Milford, to a point a little below Danforth's Corner, in Amherst. The breadth of the town from the river south was some- thing more than four miles. The inhabitants of this town made several attempts to be annexed to Am- herst. The principal reason given in their petition to the Assemlily was the lack of any central place in the town suitable for a meeting-house, .\inherst at tirst opposed the annexation, but afterwards voted to take a part of the town if Monson would be at the expense of the annexation. .Vccordingly, an act was passed annexing to Amherst that part of Monson in- cduded in these limits: "From Souhegan River, southerly by the town of Merrimack, two miles; from llienreme Judicial Court, which, in turn, in 1874, was abolished and the Superior Court of Judicature estab- lished. This court existed until 1876, when it was succeeded by the Supreme Court, now in existence. In 1813 it was claimed that the Legislature could not, l)y changing the name and, in some minor partic- ulars, the functions of a court, get rid of its judges in a summary manner ; that the only way was by address for cause shown or by impeachment. But however much politicians and jurists may differ as to the soundness of the ])olicy of such radical legislation, it seems now to be well settled that this method of procedure has been and is constitutional, else the first court erected under any fundamental law could never be changed, though time and experience should show it to have grave defects. The chief justices of the Supreme Court of the State, under its various names, have been as follows : Before the Revolution, Theodore Atkinson and Mesheck AVeare ; since the Revolution, Mesheck Weare, Samuel Livermore, Josiah Bartlett, John Pickering, John Dudley, Simeon Olcott, Jeremiah Smith, Arthur Livermore, William M. Richardson, Joel Parker, John J. Gilchrist, .\ndrew S. Woods, Ira Pcrley, Samuel D. Bell, Henry A. Bellows, Jonathan E. Sar- gent, Edmund L. Cushing and Charles Doe. But two of these distinguished men were born in Hillsborough County, — Jeremiah Smith, at Peterborough, and Samuel D. Bell, at Francestown. But one judge has been removed by address of the Legislature (anrisoners at the suits of creditors. A lawyer by the name of Shattuck, held for debt, established his family within the jail limits, built a house and practiced law with considerable success for several years. The law is now so lenient that it has become difficult U) collect lion&st debts. It is not an uncommon thing to find the wife owning the home- stead — and a jjretty large one sometimes — and the hus- band owing all the debts. The organization of tlie Court of (ieneral Sessions of the Peace was first perfected and was really the act by whidi the county was organized. Its first book of records contains twenty pages, six indies l)y nine, and covered with common brown paper. The first entry is iis follows : "TItK I'ROVISCK Of NKW II AM I'SII 1 RR." " At a Court of General S(!80tuii8 of thi- Pence, l)ol'., pnrHuant to an uet of said proT< ince, entitled an art for divliiliif; tlie wiine intoConntiCH and for the more easy ailniinistnition of .TuHtice, hold in the ptlhlic meeting-house in Am- hentt, within anil fur the ronnty of Ilillitliorongli, in said provlnce,'on the sixth day of May, in Ilie idi'Veiitli year of his MujeHty'n reign. A.n. 1771, held by adjonriinu-nt frum tile lirst Tliniudny afl'-i- tlit- lirst TiK-sday of April last. Pri'dent,- *' John Oofi'k, ** K. oi:T. fJiK/r'n, ".\ppointed .lohn Shepherd, Jr., Clerk, ;>ro l^tiijtore. Then adjourned to the liouw of Jonathan Smith, lau-holder in said Amlienit. Instantly met at th<> house of said Smith. " .\ppointed Samuel llobart, John Sliepherd, Jr., and neiijamin Wliit- ing, I-^i'r, a committee to cause said pri(*on to be built. " .Vjiiioiiited Sanil. Hobart, Esq., Treasurer. *' OrtUred, That the committee aforesaid provide a suitable house in said .Xiuhorst and make it tit to keep 'i>nsouers in uutil a prison can be built." In accordance with this vote, temporary accommo- dations were provided. John Gofi'e, whose name is at the head of the jus- tices of this court and who seems to have taken the lead in the organization of the county, was one of the early settlers atGotle's Falls, on the Merrimack River, living at dillcrent times on both sides of the stream. He conniianded the regiment raised in this vicinity in 1760, and was present at the capture of St. John's, Montreal and Quebec. His regiment mustered at Litchfield, and on the 2oth of May he issued the fol- lowing uniipie order: **(_'olonel CiulTe requires the oflicers to V»e answerable that the men's shirts are changed twice every week at least ; that such .is have hair that will atlmit of it, must have it constantly lyod ; they must bo obliged to coinli llioir heads and wash their hands every morning ; and as it is ob- served that uumbei-8 of men accustom themselves to wear woolen night- caps in the day-time, he allows them hats ; they arc ordered for tho fu- ture not to be seen in the day-time with anything besides their hats on their hi-ada, as the above-mentioned cust<^m of wearing night-caps must be detrimental to their health and cleanliuw". The men's hats to be all cocked or uniform, as Colonel GoUe pleases to direct." Colonel Goffe marched his regiment across the ferry at Thornton's, (then I>utwyche's) Ferry, and thence up the Souhegan River to Amherst ; thence to the ford- way at Monsou (now Milford village) ; thence on the south side of the river for the larger jiart of the way to Wilton, and thence to Peterborough by way of the notch in the mountains to the ea.st of Peterborough ; thence by way of Dublin to Keene; thence up the valley of the Connecticut to Charleston. From Ilonton to Keene hia rtmte lay mostly through a wilderness, and this distance the regiment cut a road for the tran>i|)ortati4. Colonel Goffe, though a man of war, was a thor- oughly religious man. He often otiiciated as chaplain in his regiment, and after his military career was endetl.and he was a resident of Bedford, he someliincs officiated in the pulpit in the absence of the clergy- man of the town. He was the first judge of Proliate for this county, and may justly be ranked with the prominent men of ante-Ilevolutiouary times. Edward Goldstone Lutwyche, whose name appears as the second justice upon the roll, was an English g.'ntleiiiiui not long in the country, at this time resid- G HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW IIAMPSIIIUfc:. ing at Thornton's Ferry, then called, from the name of its owner, Lutwyche Ferry. He was colonel of the regiment at tlie breakinu; out of the War of the Revo- lution, but on the Declaration of Independence joined the English and left the country. His name appears among tlie twenty -four whose estate* were confiscated at the close of the war. Captain John Hale, another of the justices, was a prominent citizen of HoUis. He held a military commission ami represented his town in the General Court in 1775; wa.s a successful physician, having practiced his profession many years in Hollis ; was surgeon in the army during the French and Indian and also the Revolutionary War. After serving his generation in two wais and in many years of peice, he died in the summer of 1791. Samuel Hobart, a colleague of Hale, was a resident of Hollis; was register of deeds for this county I'rom its organization to 177(), and its first treasurer. He frequently served the courts in the capacity of auditor and upon financial committees, and was the most practical business member of the court. While regis- ter of deeds he resided in Hollis, and during a por- tion of the time kept the registry at that place. He was also a member of the New Hampshire Com- mittee of Safety. Samuel Blodgett, another justice, was a resident of what is now Manchester, at that time Gofi'stown ; was for many years at work upon a plan to put a canal around Amoskeag Falls. Having spent his own large fortune in the enterprise and failed, he subsequently obtained autliority from the State to raise large sums of money by lottery to aid in the building of his locks and canal, and afterwards authority for a second lottery was granted, the pro- ceeds of which were to go towards the same object. Massachusetts afterwards gave him the same privilege and repeated the grant in 180G. After a i>rolonged struggle bis enterprise was completed, and he had the satisfaction of seeing his work an acknowledged success. He was an active and useful member of this court, and a most striking example of untiring perseveranic. John Shepherd, Jr., was a resident of Amherst at this time. In addition to many places of trust which he worthily filled, he is found in the year 1766 pre- siding at a town-meeting in Derryfield (now Manches- ter). It happened on this wise: a small niined twenty stripes on the naked back at the public whipping-post, between the hours of one and two of the afternoon of this :id day of October, and that he pay Nalnun Baldwin, the owner of the goodsstolen, forty-four [Kjunds lawful money, beint; tenfold the value of the gooounds, with two sureties in the sunt of fifty jsiundH each, for the space of two yeai"s from the c-xpiration of said six months, and pay the costs of prosecution, taxed at nine pounds, ■even shillings and ten pence, and sliind conunittr'd till nentence be per formed." Benjamin Whiting, one of the committee api>ointed to look out the place for a jail, was a resident of JIol- lis, and sheriff of the county at the time of its organi- zation. He adhered to the King, (piitted the country on the breaking out of hostilities, was proscribed ami forbidden to return and his estate was confiscated. He was a zealous oliicer of the King, as will apjiear by an account of some of his oflicial doings, and was a representative man among the Tories of his time. Most of them were men appointed to office by the royal authority, and of course were in .sympathy wilh the general purposes tind objects of the government. In a word, like all honcft ollice-lioldcrs, they believetl in the administration, and had taken an oath to .sup- port the laws of their country. May it not be said that the Tories of the Revolution, with few exceptions, were right-miiiilcd men, fearful of change and consti- tutionally opposeti to innovations? It seemed to them like desertion of a paternal government to make common cause with those who stood to them as rel)cls ; they also doiibteil the ability of the colonists to achieve their independence, and were unwilling to put in jeopardy their forttines in so hazardous nn un- dertaking. The lapse of a century leaves them in a somewhat improved condition so far as the morality of their action is concerned. Sherifl' Whiting had many obnoxious laws to execute, among others the statute giving every white pine tree from fifteen to thirty-six inches in diameter to the King, for the use of his royal navy ; every man in the province held his land subject to this incum- brance, and severe penalties were inflicted upon indi- viduaLs who might use a stick of white pine within the proscribed diameter. There was a surveyor of the King's woods, with many dejiuties, who were naturally obnoxious to the people. The owner of land, before he commenced cutting, was by law compelled to employ the surveyor or deputy to mark the trees upon the premises fit for masts for the navy, and neglecting to do this, or t)cing too poor to pay the surveyor his fees, the whole was forfeited to the King. Seizures and forfeitures were common wherever the pine-tree grew and mills had been erected. The greatest hostility prevailed again.st the officers execut- ing the law, and soon extended to the government. The execution of this law in the interior of the prov- ince was with the inhabitants of this county nn ex- citing cause of the Revolution. In the winter of 1771 and 1772 an extensive seizure was made in the northern portion of the county. Although the pine is found in most towns in the southern i)art of the State, it was more aluindant uj>on the Piscatatjuog River than in other places in this vicinity The great road from Manchester to East Weare, known even now as the Mast road, was origi- nally built to facilitate the transportation of masts from (ioflstown, Weare, New Boston, Dunbarton and other towns to the Merrimack, to be floateil down that stream to the ocean at Newl)uryport. A deputy visited this locality in 1771 and 1772 and condemned a large amount of lumber in the mill- yards on the Piscataquog. They were libeled in the .Vdmiralty Court at Portsmouth, and the owners cited to appear ami show cause why they should not be forfeited. The citation was publisheil in the Nevj IJampshire Gazette of February 7, 1772, and called U|)on all i)ersons claiming property in certain enu- merated white pine logs seized by order of the sur- veyor-general in Gofl'stown and Weare, in the prov- ince of New Hampshire, to appear at a Ctmrt of Vice- Ailmiralty to be held at Porlsnioiith, February 27, 1772, and show cause why the logs should not be forfeited. The |)artics interested in the lumber seiz- ure sent .Smiiuel Blodgett, before s|)oken of as one of the justices of the Court of Sessions, to Portsmouth to effect a compromise. He made an iiriangement by which the inlorniations were to be wilbdrawn upon the payment of certain sums of money in each case. Blodgettwiis appointed agent to make this settleincnt, and was also made a dejiuty by the surveyor-general. Bhulgctt, upon bis return, sent the offenders a note HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. saying that at the request of many of their number be had niaJe a journey to Portsmoutli and obtained leave to settle the complaints in a manner easy to the trespassers, informing them he was appointed a dep- ' uty of the surveyor, and calling ui)on them to settle with the King. A settlement was efl'eeted with all the owuera of logs excepting those at Clement's Mills, in Weare; they would make no comi)roniise. Accordingly, com- plaint.-! were made out against them and put into the hands of Rcnjarain Whiting, of Mollis, the sheriff of the county, for service. On the 13th of April, 1772, Mr. Whiting and his deputy, Mr. Quigley, proceeded to serve their warrants. One of the defendants was a Mr. Mudget, residing in Weare. Whiting arrested Mudget, who agreed to give bail nc.Kt morning. Mudget, in.steadofgetting bail in the usual way, collected a company of his friends during the night, and very early in the morning called ujjon the sheritt'and told him his bail was ready. Mudget 's friends were disguised. The officer had not dressed himself for the day when they rushed upon him in his bed-chamber. He attempted to fire upon them, but was seized, disarmed and severely beaten. A more desperate encounter preceded the capture of (Juigley. The horses of both were disfigured by the cropping of their ears, manes and tails. For a time the officers retiised to mount these sorry-looking animals, and were helped into their saddles in no ceremonious way. Whiting and Quigley repaired at once to Colonels Gotfe and Lutwyce, who at their request ordered out the pnsse comilatm, aiul the force thus raised maiched back to Clement's Mills. The rioters had taken to the woods and not a man of them could be found. One was afterwards arrested and lodged in jail; others gave bail for their appearcnce at court. Mudget and seven others, all citizens of Weare, were indicted, pleaded 7iolo confindere, and were fined by the court for this assault on Whiting. It was an un- justifiable resistance to an officer in the discharge of his duty, and although the action of the government wa.s ()i)pre.ssive, it was not the proper way in which to inaugurate a revolution. From this tinu- forth the county was in a state of continual political excitement until the oj)ening of the Revolutionary War. The last court record, made upon a half-sheet of crown foolscap, is as follows: " Amio Kc'giii IlcRi^ Gt-orgii Tertii. *'Jiily sottsion, 177'>. JusticvH prt'^iit, Jotiii 8lK'])an], Jr., Muactf **Grui), sail! Court electi'd Most'f* NichnU, Ksq., Clerk pro tem, and ai^ourui-d :*aiti t^^ourt of Gonerul Setwions of the Peace to the first Thurs- day next following the first Tuesday of October next. "3IosE»t Nlellol'S, Cltn-k pro Um." Only two justices present, — one presides, the other is c\cTk pro tempore. The court is adjourned to meet upon a certain day in his Majesty's name, but the coming of that day found the patriotic justices with business to their hands more congenial than holding court in the name of George III. CHAPTER II. THE BENCH AKI) B.\R. I'liioR to the War of the Revolution there were but three members of the legal profession residing within the present limits of Hillsborough County. These were Hon. Wiseman Claggett, of Litchfield ; Hon. Ebenezer Champney, of New Ipswich; and Hon. Joshua Atherton, of Amherst. Hon. Wiseman Claggett was born at Bristol, England, in the month of August, 1721, and received an early and liberal education in that country. Hav- ing finished his academical studies, he became a stu- dent at the Inns of Court, (|ualifieil himself for the profession of the law, and after going through a regu- lar course of preparatory studies, was admitted ti bar- rister in the Court of King's Bench. A few years after his admission to the bar he ci'ossed the Atlantic to the West Indies, settled in Antigua under very flattering circumstances, and was cordially received by the principal inhabitants of the island, particularly by a gentleman of fortuue, who, as an inducement for him to remain there, settled on him a handsome annuity for life. He was api)ointed a notary ])ublic and secretary of the island. He dis- charged the duties of these offices with fidelity, and pursued his professional business there with success for several years, until the decease of his particular i'riend and patron. He then embarked for this coun- try, and settled in Portsmouth. He was admitted an ;ittorney of the Su|)crior Court at the next session after his arrival, and was soon after appointed a jus- tice of the peace. In the exercise of this office he was strict, severe and overbearing. For many years he was the principal acting magistrate in Portsmouth, and his name became proverbial. When one person threatened another with a prosecution, it was usual to say, "1 will Claggett you." He received the appointment of King's attorney- general for the province in the year 1767. He took an early and decided [lart in opposition to the opjjress- ive acts of the British Parliament at a time when a considerable ])ortion of his property was in the con- trol of the government. Previous to the Revolution he removed to Litchfield, where he possessed a large and valuable estate on the banks of the Merrimack. He represented that town and Derryfield, classed THE BENCH AND BAK. 9 with it, several years in the General Court. Being omitted one year, the towns of Merrimack ami Bedford elected him for their representative, although not an inhabitant of cither of those places. He always re- tained a grateful remembrance of this mark of conli- dence and respect, and frequently .spoke of it with jileasure. He was for some time a member of the Committee of Safety, and was active, attentive and useful. He was influential in framing and carrying into effect the temporary form of government which was first adopted in New Hampshire, under which the office of solicitor-irenenil was created, and Mr. Claggett was the only i)erson who ever had that appointment; the office ceased at the adoption of the constitution, in 17S4, a little previous to his death. He possessed a great flow of wit, which, accompa- nied by his social talents and learninfi, made him an agreeable companion. He was also distinguished for his classical knowledge. He wrote the Latin language with ease and elegance and spoke it with fluency. He had a fine taste for poetry, and many jeu.v d'esprit, the productions of his pen, have been preserved by his friends. He did not i)ossess a perfect o(|uanimity of temper, but was subject at times to great depres- sion of spirits. He died at Utchfield the 4th of De- cember, 1784, in the si.Kty-fourth year of his age, Ebexkzer Chami'XKy' was born at Cambridge in 1743, and was educated at Harvard University, re- ceiving the degree of Bachelor of .\rts in 1702, He was at first designed for the ministry, and to that end studied divinity and i)reachcd two years. He re- ceived a call to settle in Township No, 1 (now Mason); tliis was declined, and soon after, he left this profes- sion for that of the law. He prepared himself for this vocation in the ofiice of Hon, Samuel Livermore, and was admitted to the bar at Portsmouth, N, H,, in 17118. In June of the ,same year he removed to New Ipswich, and entered u]ion the duties of his profes- sion. In the spring of 1783, Mr, Champney went to Groton, where he remained until 1789, was represent- ative in 1784, when he returned to New Ipswich, His first commission as justice of the peace was re- ceivcil from the celebrated Governor John Hancock, of Massachusetts, In 1795 he was appointed judge of Probate for the county of Hillsborough, The duties of this oflice were appropriately discharged until his resignation, a few ni'inths before bis death. Judge ('ham|iney married, first, n daughter of Uev. Calel) Trowbridge, of (Sroton, in 1704, which con- nected him with the distinguished families of Cottons and Mathers, By this marriage he had seven chil- dri'u, three of whom died in infancy. He became a widiiwi'r in 177'), and was marrieCan\ \Villiani Gordon being among the num- ber. After the new administration of the affairs of the country under the Federal government had gone into operation, and had exhibited proofs of a steady, wise and firm rule over the whole country, he became one of its firmest supporters. In 179S he was appointed a Commissioner for the county of Hillsborough, under the act passed by Con- gress i)th July of that year, providing for the valua- tion of lands, dwelling-houses, etc., in the L'nitod States, with a view to levying and collecting direct taxes for the support of government. This act wiis an exceedingly unpopular one, and his accei^tance of office un. fierce. ^:^^^/^/C^^^ Tlir. I'.KNCIl AM* I?A1{. 11 raniestly applying himself to his duties as a lawyer lif I'sjioused himself with •ritat zeal to the cause ol' I'omocratic principles, and during the second year of his legal practice, and for two subsequent years, he ua.s chosen to re[>rcsent Hillsborough in the State L.gisUiture. In 1832 and 1833 he wasalso Representa- tive and Speaker of the House. This and associate lionors were not won by any underhand action, but by a firm adherence to political principle, eloquence in debate, untiuestioued capacity for public business, uniform courtesy and an exhibition of frankness and manliness of character. In the second year of his incumbency as speaker, lieing then in his twenty- ninth year, he was elected to represent his native district in the United States Congress, which he did in that and the succeeding Congress with nuich aliility and credit. In 1837 he was chosen by the Legislature to ropre- • lit New Ilami)shire in the United States Senate, Mil ids statesmanship was such as to be the subject of universal encomiums among men of all parties. Though one of the youngest, he was one of the most influential of that then most distinguished body. Few public men had such power as he iu making friends, and very few had a wider circle of admirere. I'rom causes of a purely personal and domestic nature. Senator Pierce resigned his oftice in 1842, and came liome to Concord, where he had removed his family some years previously, and resumed his profession as ic lawyer. In 184;'), owing to the vacancy in the I'nited States Senate caused by the appointment lif Hon. Levi Woodbury to the Su]n'rior l)ench, the successorship was offered by (iovernor .Tcdin Steele to Mr. Pierce, but was gratefully declined. He lUo declined the nomination for Governor of the State and a seat in the Cabinet of President Polk. In his declinatory letter to the President he said that when he left the Senate he did so with the fixed pur- pose never again to be voluntarily separated from his I'amily for any considerable time, except at the call-of his country in time of war. When the Mexican War broke out, in 1847, a l)attalion of soldiers was called tor from Xew Hampshire, and Mr. Pierce was among the very first to enlist as a private soldier, and one of the most earnest in the ranks at ilrill. He was coni- inissioned March 3, 1847, as brigadier-general, and mailed with a dctaciiinent from Newport, R. L, and l;indeil at Vera Cru/ on the I()llowing 28th of June. He left Vera Cruz with his brigade for the Mexican interior the succeeding month to reinforce (icneral Scott. On the way, with his two thousand four hun- dred men, several severe skirmishes with guerrillas took place, in all of which the enemy was defeated. He carried liis force, losing very few men, to Pu- ebla, where they Joined the army of the comnnind- ing general. Conlreras, Cherubusco, Molino and Ohapiiltepec were hard-fought fields, on which he lilierally shared the honors of victory, as the official reports of these actions abundantly and creditably show. An eminent military oflicer, in re- viewing the history of these struggles and the merits of the leaders therein, says: "I have reason to believe that every old officer in the army will sustain me when I say of General Pierce that in his service in Mexico he did his duty as a son of the republic, that he was eminently patriotic and gallant, and that it has added a laurel to his beautiful civic wreath." It would be unjust to his memory to neglect mentioning his remarkable regard for the comfort and health of the men under his command; witii untiring vigi- lance and open hand he administered without stint or measure to the alleviation of their privations and their sufferings. In 1847, when peace with Mexico was assured, General Pierce returned home to meet the welcome of his many friends and to realize the highest honors they could bestow upon him. .\mong them was the presentation of a splendid sword by the State Legislature, as a token of esteem for him as a man and of his gallantry as a soldier. From the period of his return from Mexico up to 1852 he de- voted himself to his profession, his principal j>olitical action being his presiding at the Constitutional Con- vention of the State, which met at Concord in 1850. Some that are now alive, and were present in court at Manchester, in May, 1850, will never forget the won- derful eloquence, the powerful logic and the amazing legal skill which he exercised preceding the acquittal of both the Wentworths, of Saco, Me., charged with the murder of Jonas Parker, in Manchester, in 1845. As an orator, he presented his thoughts in a style that would do credit to any age or nation. His rcnnirks on the death of Daniel Webster are unexcelled in the English language. In 1852 the Xew Hampshire State Democratic Convention recommended him as a candidate for the Presidency ; but he declined, for reasons modestly assigned liy himself, to allow his name to be used in that relation. However, the Na- tional Democratic Convention, which met in Haiti- more in .Juiu' of 1852, after forty-nine ballots, gave him the nomination by a vote of two hundred and eighty-two against eleven. The enthusiasm demon- strated all over the nation in favor of tieneral Pierce was uniirecedented, and the result of the campaign was his election over General Scott, the Whig candi- date, the Pierce electoral vote being two hundred and fifty-four and that for Scott forty-two. President Pierce was inaugurated at Washington March 4, 1853. he being then in his forty-ninth year. He had called to aid him a ( 'abinet contii(isel' men of rare ability. A member of that cabinet has truth- fully said, — *' Tlio nilnitnti^Iratiori uf FmiiUIiii TiiTcc prfKonts ttio onI.v IliKtunci- tli our Iifltory uftlK' culltllntliliceitf nCnIiiliel foi- four yi>apfl wlllioiit r flillKli' cliaiiKo ilt ItH pfrsnmir-L Wlu'ii it In rcluelitl>fn->il tliiit tllero wilB liiucll cllmlniiliirlt.v, if nut InooDgrully, uf cluinii lir iiiiiunK llif mctiilMTs of Hint I'lililiict, some iili-a nuiy ho foriin-*! of tlic [mimit over irn-n im»wphmI unj oxcn-iwil Uy Mr. I'ivrci'. Cliivalroun, Keni'roiiH, iinii(tl>Ii>, tnii' to lil« friuiKl)! onil lo lili fulUi, Crank anil IhjIiI in lila ili-clnnitlon of liiaoplnionK, lio nfvtT ilcccivi'd nnv om\ Anil if trcacluTy bail t-vt-r i-oiiif iirar liliii, 12 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. U would have stood abashed in the presence of his truth, his mauiiness and his confiding simplicity." Among the more important events of his adminis- tration were the dispute respecting tlie boundary be- tween the United States and Mexico, resulting in the aeijuisition of Arizona; the exi>loration of tlte routes projtosed for a railroad from the Mississippi to the Pacific ; the amicable settlement of a serious dispute with Great Britain about the fisheries ; the affair of Martin Kozta; the repeal of the Missouri Compro- mise; the organization of the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska; the Ostend conference; the treaty negotiated at Wasltiugton providing for commercial reciprocity between this country and the Canadian provinces; the treaty with Japan negotiated in 1854 by Commodore Perry ; the dismissal of the British minister at Washington and the British consuls at Kew York, Philadelphia and Cincinnati. While much political agitation marked the term of bis of- fice, still it was a period of remarkable prosperity to the nation. President Pierce's devotion to his coun- try and flag was never shaken or im)iaired by any misrepresentation or abuse on the part of his politi- cal enemies. In public and in private life his speeches and correspondence evince a sincere sympathy with the Union and a devotion to the priuci])les of the L^uion, to which he had been from childhood a most earnest and sincere advocate. On retiring from the Presidential chair, and after a brief sojourn at home, he visited Eurojie and trav- eled extensively over Great Britain and the continent. Everywhere he was received with marked attention and respect, although he eschewed all ostentation. He returned after an absence of about three years and devoted himself almost entirely to the duties of a couini )n citizen. Socially, no man had more or deeper respect than he, during the period spent bj' him in political retirement. He was beloved by young and old, and there was no ]]artisan limit to that affect ion. President Pierce died childless. His wife was Mary A. Api)leton, who gave him two sons, Benjamin and Frank; tiie latter died when but a child, and Ben- jamin was killed in a railroad accident near Andover, Mass., soon after his father's election as President. Mrs. Pierce died in 1803, and President Pierce passed away <)ctol)er 9, 1809. The event was a universal cause for mourning ; higli honors, local and national, were i)aid to his memory. The family lie buried in the beautiful new cemetery at Concord, N. H. Hon. Cn.\KLE.s GoKDOx Atherton' was born at Amherst, in Hillsborough County, N. H., July 4, 1804. He graduated at Cambridge University, in 1818, with unusual re])utation for ability and scliolar- shij) at an early age. He studied law in the ollice of his distinguished father, Hon. Charles H. .Mherton, was admitted to the bar at the age of twenly-one and ■ By Hon. L. B. Clongh. established himself in business in the town of Dun- stable (now Nashua), in his native county. In his profession his success was decided and his rise rapid. His mind, clear, logical and strong, with the balla.st of exrellent common sense, the adornments of a quick, fancy and a cultivated taste, was admirably adapted to the studies and the labors of the law. So far as was permitted by the interruptions of political life, he continued to the la.st in the active practice of his chosen profession. As a lawyer, it is not too much to say of him that he .stood in the front rank of a bar which has always been fruitful of legal strength and acumen ; his jjlace was side by side with such com- peers as Pierce, Woodbury, Parker, Bartlett and Bell — following, but not unworthily, in the path of those earlier "giants of the law," Webster, Mason and Jeremiah Smith. In 1830 he commenced his j)ublic career as a Repre- sentative from Nashua in the New Hampshire Legis- lature, and continued in this otfice for a period of several years. He was Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives for the last three of those years. In March, 1837, he was chosen one of the Rei)reseutative8 of New Hampshire in the national Congress, where he remained for three successive terms, At the ex- piration of that period he was transferred to the Senate of the United States for the term of six yeai-s; successor to John P. Hale at being re-elected to the Senate in JIarcli, 1853, occupying a seat in that body during the executive session succeeding the inaugura- tion of President Pieice. He was also a member of the Baltimore Convention which nominated General Pierce for the Presidency. Mr. Atherton died Novem- ber 15, 1853. Hon. Ch.\kle)< Fkedekuk Gove, A.;M.,- tiie son of Dr. Jonathan and Polly (Dow) (fove, was born at Golistown, May 13, 1793. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1817; read law at Harvard Law School, graduating LL.B. in 1820; began i)ractice in Gofts- towii ; was assistant clerk of the New Hamijshire House of Representatives in 1829; njiresented Goffs- towu there in 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833 and 1834 ; was in the New Hampshire Senate, and elected its president in June, 1835 ; solicitor of Hillsborough County from 1834 to 1835, when he was appointed attorney-general and served until 1842, and circuit judge of the Court of Common Plca.s from 1S42 to 1848 ; then became superintendent of the Nashua and Ijowell Railroad. He removed from Gortstown to Nashua in 1839; mar- ried Mary Kennedy, daughter of Ziba Gay, of Nashua, September 22, 1844. He died at Nashua, October 21, 1850, aged sixty-three years. He was a man of great energy of mind and character, but unfortunately jios- scssed of a feeble constitution. John (iove, D.C., was his half-brother. Judge Gove, in private and public life, sustained the character of an upright, honorable man. Ever of 2B>'Hon. L. B. Clough. THE BENCH AND BAR. 13 a slender constitution, yet his industry and energy led him to fill the various ])ublic offices with which he was honored with credit to himself and to the general acceptation of the public. He was equally firm in his friendship and in his einnity. Hox. S.^.MiEL H. Ayer,' son of Dr. Aver, was born in Eastport, Me., in the year 1819. He gradu- ated at Bowdoin College in 18.'{9, and afterwards com- I iienced the study of law in the office of Messrs. Pierce .v Fowler, at Concord. He was admitted to prac- i'C in Ilillsborou^'h County, and opened an office It Hillsborough in 1842. For five successive years he r. presented the town of Hillsborough, from 1845 to 1<4'J, the last two years of this time being Speaker of the House of Representatives. In 1847 he was ap- pointed solicitor of the county of Hillsborough, and siiccessfiilly performed the duties of said office until liisdeath. He removed to MaiK-hcstcr in 1850, and opened an "tlice in connection with R. F. Ayer. Although of the -ame name, he was not related by blood to B. F. Ayer. In 1852 he was one of the commission for revising the statutes of the State, and in connection with the late Governor .Metcalf and Calvin Ainsworth, in June, 1853, submitted their compilation to the Legislature, known as tlie " Compiled Statutes." He was a pleas- ing and effective speaker, frank, generous and just, and won the esteem of all who knew him. Hon. S. H. Ayer died October 4, 1853, aged thirty-four years. Hqx. George W. Morrison.-— The family of Morrison was originally of Scotland, a branch of which emigrated to the north of Ireland about the middle of the fifteenth century, ami settled in Lon- donderry. " Charter " Samuel, so called because he was one of the grantees of Limdouderry, N. H., was among the first settlers of that town. He was there as early as 1721, and signed the jjctition for a ciiarter. James Morrison, father of (ieorge W., was born in Londonderry, N. H., in 1781, and removed with his father, Samuel, grandson of Charter Samuel, to Fair- lee, Vt., about the year 17!'l. Wlieri quite young he was apprenticed to a carpenter and joiner, served his tinie faithfully, learned his trade and learned it well, and after his emancipation, followed the business in- diLstriously for many years. With the proceeds of his labor he purchased a farm at Fairlce, to which, during the latter years of liis life, he devoted his |)rincipal attention. Physically. he was a noble specimen of a man ; liad a gixid figure, very strongly built, and weighed more than two hun- dred pounds. He possessed a well-balanced mind, sound judgment and a vigorous understanding. He died in full strength at sixty, without an infirmity or even a grey hair upnu him. In 1802 he nnirried Martha Pdton, daughter of John Pelton, of Lyme, N. H. She was a lady of excellent understanding, • lly Hon. I.. II. Clough. 5 By David V. IVrklns. modest and retiring in her manners, managed her household with great discretion and good sense, and bestowed upon her family of nine children all the wealth of a mother's love. She died at Fairlee, July 14, 1870, aged eighty-seven years. Hon. (teorge W. Morrison, the second son of James and Martha, was born in Fairlee, Vt., October 16, 1809, lived with his parents and worked on their home farm until the fall of 1830, when he entered the Academy of Thctford, and continued there a little more than four uKmths, thus completing his academic course of study. He then entered the oflice of Judge Simeon Short, of Thetford, as a student-at-law, and read with him and Presburg West, Jr., in all about four years. But while he was pursuing his legal studies in the offices of Judge Short and Mr. West, he was accustomed to return to the farm and assist his father in haying and harvesting. Reaping was his special delight. Xo man within the circle of his acquaintance, either in Vermont or New Hampshire, could excel him in the use of the sickle. His father was a man of small means ; he had a large family to support ; money was scarce, and George, who was his chief dependence in carrying forward his farm-work, from a sense of filial duty, rendered him all the assist- ance in his power. At the same time he supported himself by teaching school during the winter months, and by hard labor at night in a saw-mill, in the sjjring of the year. Sawing logs commanded better wages than teaching in the village school. Mr. Morrison was an ambitious young man, am- bitious for success in all his laudable' undertakings, and always took the advantage of every means in his power for improvement. By the laws of Vermont, when he was a student, a justice court was entitled to a jury panel of six. Before such a tribunal he often successfully appeared, even while he was a teacher iu the common schools, in the defense of some unlucky yeoman. And so, while he was a teacher one winter in Western New York, he gained quite a reputation na a successful practitioner in the justice courts. Such were his |)reparations for the great duties and re8i)onsibiIitie3 of his professional and political life. His mental endowments were of a high onler, among the most ajjparent of which were his keen perceptions and his self-reliance. As a studcnt-at-law, in the practice of his profession, in his addresses to the jury or the court, on the hustings, in the State Legislature I and in the halls of Congress his self reliance never I forsook him. At the June session of 1835 the Orange County Court was holden at Chelsea, and Mr. Morrison had the sole charge of Mr. West's extensive business, and tried without assistance every case, with one excep- tion. It was at this term he made application for examination, pursuant to admission. He had Matter- ing certificates from both gentlemen with whom he had read, but on their [iresentation objections were nnide by some of the young gentlemen of the bar, on 14 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the ground that the applicant liad not complied with the rules, having read less than five years. Judge Nutting-, author of Nutting's Grammar, used exten- sively in the schools, an accomplished scholar and distinguished lawyer, repliecd awhile at Amoskeag Falls, in Manchester. Its immense water-power attracted his attention. In conversation with some of the leading citizens, he was informed that a company of Boston capitalists had recently purchased large tracts of land upon both sides of the river, with the view of building up ex- tensive manufacturing interests. He saw clearly a flourishing manufacturing town S])ringing up in the immediate future, as by magic, holding out singular attractions to a young and ambitious lawyer. Acting upon his own judgment, with reference to its capacity and business prospects, he decided to make Man- chester his permanent residence and grow up with the town. It was in the .summer of 1836 that he took up his residence at Amoskeag, and opened an office in an old school-house, near the west end of McGreg- gor's bridge, the only bridge at that time across the Merrimack Kiver within the present limits of Man- chester and about half-way between the two villages of Amoskeag and Piscataijuog. At that time there were four lawyers at Squog(so called) of some distinc- tion, and two at Gotfstown. One of these old lawyers, who had been in constant practice thirty years, often met Mr. Morrison in the justice courts, and at first treated him with contumely and reproach, called him a beardless boy, who had received liis education in the pastures of Vermont, and now presumed to prac- tice law in the courts of New Hampshire; but a few lessons of sarcasm, a weapon Mr. Morrison knew well how to use with terrible eflect, silenced his antagonist, and ever after inspired him with the most profound respect. Mr. Morrison did what little business came in his way during the summer and fall, and in the winter taught the village school. The next spring people flocked in from all the surrounding country, the town WMs raj)idly built up, and he removed his office from the old school-house to the east side of the river, and has continued to reside in aud make Manchester his home till the present time. He was a constant at- tendant when the court was in session, whether he had business or otherwise ; this particularly attracted the attention of Hon. Mark Farley, who asked, " Why he was always in court?" "To cure the evils of a defective education," responded Mr. Morri.son. On the 5th of November, 1838, he married Miss Maria L. Fitch, of Thetford, Vt., a lady of culture and refinement, daughter of the Hon. Lyman Fitch, ftu- many years a county judge in Orange County, afterwards, and until his death, a prominent citizen of Lyme, N. H. Business now poured into his office, and he at once took a front rank among the ablest lawyers of the State at the New Hampshire bar. Early in the practice of his profession he was accustomed to meet as antagonists .such men as Franklin Pierce, Charles G. Atherton, Samuel D. Bell, James U. Parker, Mark Farley, Daniel Clark and many others distinguished for their character and ability, and it can safely be said, "It is no disparagement to any of the eminent men whom he met at the bar in the different counties of the State, that, as a jury lawyer, he was one of the most successful practitioners in his time in the courts of New Hampshire." Among the distinguished men of New Hampshire, Charles G. Atherton stood high, both as a lawyer and statesman. In 1850, at a term of the court for Hillsbor- ough County, holden at Manchester, an important case was tried before the jury, in which Mr. Morrison and Mr. Atherton were engaged as opjjosing counsel. The trial lasted several days. At last it was concluded ; the arguments were made and the case was submitteil to the jury, after which Mr. Atherton invited the writer of this sketch to accompany him to his rooms. Now, Mr. Atherton was an exceedingly gifted con- versationalist. On reaching his chambers at the ho- tel, he asked, "What will be the verdict in this case? Which i)arty, in your judgment, will be likely to win?" The resjjonse was, "I think the chances are in favor of Mr. Morrison." " I am inclined to the same opinion," was Mr. Atherton's reply, and then continued: "When Mr. Morrison commenced prac- tice at the Hillsborough bar I watched him closely, and at first entertained strong doubts as to his success in his profession. He commenced the practice of the law under three great disadvantages, — ill health, a de- fective education and poverty ; but on my first ac- quaintance with him I particularly noticed his self- reliance. Nothing that occurred at the bar escaj)ed his attention, for he nas uniformly in attendani e. Soon he commenced the trial of cases • his examina- tion of witnesses was thorough and exhaustive, his perceptions were clear, his arguments logical and condensed, and he had the wonderful faculty to seize THE BENCH AND I?AK. 15 the .strung points of his case, and so present them to the jury that he seldom failed to win the verdict. If he happened to make a mistake as to the rules of evi- dence, the law or its application, he was sure not to repeat it. I soon made up my niiud tliat he was no comnion man, that he was bound to rise, and he did rise rapidly, not alone in mi/ estimation, but in the estimation of the people of the county and of the State. And now he stands at the head of the bar. And I tell you in all sincerity that I have never met theman in our courts, in the Ilouseof Rejiresentatives, or in the Senate of the United States I more fear, or have frreater cause to fear as an antagonist, tlian as such I fear to meet Gecjrge W. Morrison." In the practice of his profession he was true to his client ; especially was he the friend of the poor man, and, apparently, would work harder to win the case for his client when ho had no reason to expect ade- quate compensation than for the rich client who was alnindantly able and willing to pay lil)erally. Mr. Morrison, in the best sense, was a man of the people, — easy in his manners and simple in his tastes; unos- tentatious in his intercourse with all, looked down upon no man, but treated every one on terms of equal- ity ; generous to a fault, ever ready to extend the helping haml to those who needed help. It is no wonder that such a man should at once build up and maintain a lucrative business, and become one of the most popular men in his profession. He had been accustomed to athletic sports from his boyhood, and when a young man took peculiar pleasure in a wrest- ling match, in which he often participated. To lay him upon his back requiretl not only well-developed muscle, but generous practice and scientific knowledge. Hon. Moses Norris was a man of|)Owerful physiiiue, and in his prime weighed two hundred and twenty-five pounds, while Mr. ^lorrison scarcely ever exceeded one hundred and fifty. Though comparatively of slight figure, he waa wiry and very elastic. They were warm personal and political friends, and in familiar conver- sation often addressed each other respectively by their given names. On the -Ith of .July, lSo4, lioth gentlemen were at Wa.shington, D. C, — Mr. Norris a United States Sen- ator and Mr. Morrison a member of the House of Representatives. The Fourth was a holiday, and Congress was not in session. The writer was with them at his rooms on Capitol Hill ; nootherperson was present. The Senator, in course of conversation, hap- pened to speak of a certain occasion upon which he had exhibited his great strength, to the surprise of the bystanders. Mr. Morrison playfully replied, " Mose.", I could lay you out so easily that you wouldn't know how it was dime." "Nonsense!" resjionded the Senator; " why, George, I could throw you over my head without an eH'ort." "More easily said than done," replied Mr. Jlorrison. Then, like two grown-up boys, they took each other at arms- length, and soon commenced to wre.stle in good earn- est. Mr. -Morrison, fully ou his guard, waited and watched the chances for a certain inside lock, the advantages of which he well understood. Ky-and-by he had the Senator in the desired position, and in- stantly droi)ping upon the right knee, he laid Mr. Norris upon his back without any apparent exertion. The Senator sprang to his feet, and said, " That was handsomely done, George. How in the world did you do it ? I did not believe there was a man in Washington who could throw me." Mr. Morrison was elected to the State Legislature, and served during the years of 1840, 1841, 1844, 1849 and 1850. He was one of the most active, useful and edicient members, and his influence was such the last years of his service that he usually carried the House with him on all the more important measures. He served one year as chairman of the committee on incorporations, and four years on the judiciary com- mittee, two of which he was chairman. In 1849 a bill was pending in the House for the incorporation of the city of Portsmouth. That provision in the charter which constituted each ward a town, for the ]>urpose of elections, excited a good degree of interest and vigorous opposition, on the ground of its sup- posed unconstitutionality. It was well understood that this particular and unique clause in the charter was drafted at the suggestion of Mr. Morrison, and that he would give it all the support in his power. The day when he was to speak upon the question was known beforehand, so that all who might take an in- terest in the meitsnre and desired to hear the discus- sion could do so. The result was that many of the leading politicians of the State repaired to the capital. A full delegation from Manchester, including agents of the cori)orations and other distinguished citizens, were present. The galleries were crowded, and many of the more favored found scats on the Hoor of the House. Mr. Christie, of Dover, one of the ablest lawyers in the State, having been selected by the opponents of the measure to reply to Mr. Jlorrison, took his seat, pen and paper in hand, near, and at the right of the Sjieakcr's desk. .\t lengtli Mr. Morrison arose, look- ing pale and feeble, for he had been ([Uite ill all the session, but his mind was never clearer. As he went on with his argument with reference to the constitu- tionality of the bill, Mr. Christie at first took a few notes, then dro])ped his pen and listened attentively to the close of the argument. Mi. Morrison sat down; the House was perfectly still ; not a sound was heard ; all eyes were turned expectantly towards Mr. Christie. He did not arise. He declined to speak. The writer was assistant clerk of the House at that time, and a.sked another distinguished lawyer, a l)ersonal and political friend of Mr. Christie, why he declined to answer Mr. Morrison. His reply was, "Mr. Morrison's argument was unanswerable — ho was clearly right. And Mr. Christie, upon being con- vinced that he was right as to the constitutional 16 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. question, declined to reply." Though the charters of the cities of the State have frequently been amended, particularly tlie charter of the city of Jlanchcster, that provision, constituting each ward a town for the purpose of elcctious, still remains. In 1845, Mr. Morrison was appointed solicitor of Hillsborough County, discharged the duties of the office nearly four years and resigned. He was a member of the House of Representative in the Thirty-tirst, and was re-elected and served in the Tliirty-third Congress. Mr. Morrison's personal and political relations with President Pierce had been for many years of the most intimate and confidential character, and as he was regarded as one of the ablest members of the Xew Hampshire delegation, the Pres- ident, whose Congressional district he represented, expressed the desire that he support the Kansas-Xe- braska Bill, which he had made one of the leading measures of his administration. He knew very well he could rely upon Mr. Jlorrison to support every measure of his administration which he deemed would be consistent with his constitutional obligations and for the promotion of the best interests of his country. In a personal interview with the President, Mr. Mor- rison told him his present convictions were against the bill, particularly that clause in it repealing the Missouri Compromise ; that lie would make a careful examination of the measure, and would support it if, in his judgment, the interests of the country would demand its becoming a law. He did examine the bill, and examined it thoroughly, after which he in- formed the President that he regarded it as a most dangerous measure, frauglit with evils, which, should it become a law, would lead to the most disastrous re- sults, and, painful as it was to him to dirter with the administration upon one of its leading measures, still he must oppose it with all the energies of his mind. Among the reasons assigned at this interview as the ground of his opposition to the measure were that the slavery question had but recently been settled by the compromise measures of ISSO, and to reopen the subject now, would, in liis judgment, be a most dan- gerous experiment, would be disastrous to the Demo- cratic party and to the best interests of the North, and, in his belief, would endanger the perpetuity of the republic itself. In his speech, made a few weeks after this inter- view with the President, Mr. Morrison said, — "On a greftt question like tliiu— one wliich will seriunsly Hffect the free lalKirere of tlie Nortli, will dutt'i-niine the inHtitutiona of u vast ter- ritory; one fmuglil with fearful clonienta of ilisfoiil, which ultimately may endanger the iRTpetuily of the I'nion itself— I can follow hut one guide : the convictions of my own Judgment. I n-Kret lluit the friends of this hill hivl not reail anil wall considered the patriotic denunciation by Jefferson, with reference to sectional parties, before they sprang this quei^tion upon Confjress ami the country. This is the first attempt in our political history to rep^-ul a (freat coniproniiHe of contlictinn interests and opinions between the different sections of the country. This meas- ure contains more elements of danger ami sectional diword than any po- litical question of the age. If this bill should become a law, I fear the spirit of concession and compromise will have passed away forever. The Union has, in the judgment of intelligent and patriotic statesmen, been twice preserved from dissolution by concession and compromise. Wheu similar questions again arise, as come they may and will, I ask, Can other compromises bo made if tiiis is stricken down ? if this shall not be sacredly kept and faithfully abided by? Sir, any man conversant with the prejudices which are enlisted and the obstacles to be overcome in the accomplishment of such compromises must feel and know the danger ; and here let me siiy, if this I'uion shall ever be dissolved, history will surely point to tliis as the lii^-t stride, tlie entering wedge wliicli led to dissolution and all its fearful consequences. I have neither time nor in- clination to pursue this thought further. .^11 can see the danger, all must feel it." In this great speech betook the ground distinctly that slavery could not for any considerable length of time be forced upon the jjeople of that Territory ; and from the above extrticts copied from that speech it appears that he clearly foresaw, should that bill become a law, all harmony between the different sec- tions of the Union would be destroyed, and ultimately result in civil war. Colonel Thomas H. Benton, of Missouri, who had served thirty cori.seeutive years in the Senate of the United States, and had been elected to the House from the St. Louis District to serve as their Repre- sentative in the Thirty-third Congress, was an atten- tive listener during the delivery of this speecli, and after its close, remarked to a gentleman who sat near him, "That is a true man sir; n smart man ; a man of brains, sir." He then went forward, took Mr. Morrison cordially by the hand, and congratulated him in the most sincere and friendly manner. Sev- eral days after, the writer of this sketch, called on Colonel Benton at his house, and listened to his con- versation witli reference to the excitement over this question whicli prevailed throughout the North, when hesaidtliat "Mr. Morrison's speech on the Kansas- Nebraska Bill was the ablest speech delivered on that question during this excited and protracted debate." Years afterwards, when the whole country was con- vulsed by the great civil war, the Hon. Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the United States Treasury under the lamented President Lincoln, and subse- quently chief justice of the United States Supreme Court, speaking of Mr. Morrison, said, "He was a man of ability and incorruptil)le honesty. That his course in Congress on the Kansas-Nel)raska Bill had made a most favorable and lasting impression upon his mind." But his crowning success in life was that of an ad- vocate, and as such he will be chiefly remembered. In this respect he was endowed witli rare gifts, and has had but few equals and no superiors at the Xew Hampshire bar. He pre|iaied his cases with great care, fretiuently after the adjournment of the court; would study the evidence far into the night, prepara- tory to his argument in the morning, when men of less nerve would have considered themselves tit sub- jects for medical treatment. He studied the panel as though it had been an open book, and acquainted himself with the peculiarities of each juror. He was apt to seize the salient points in his cause as they THE BENCH AND BAR. 17 presenteil themselves to the jury, and to study the eticct of the evidence as the cause progressed. He watched the effect upon each juror with great care as the argument proceeded, and could tell with singular accuracy whether he carried his hearer along with him. When he discovered a leaning against him on the part of any doubling juror, he adapted himself to the views of that juror, with arguments so con- vincing, in a manner of such candor, sincerity and truthfulness, and with an influence .so mesmeric that he was quite sure to win him over before he closed. Hon. Lewis W. Clark, associate justice of the Supreme Court, formerly a law-partner with Mr. Morrison, said of him, in a recent convei'sation, — " He was the coolest man under fire I have ever seen in court. The most damaging piece of evidence, so far as the jury could observe, produced no im- pression on his mind ; and he exercised wonderful judgment in handling a dangerous witness. He knew when and where to leave a witness better than any man I ever saw in the trial of causes before a jury." Saml'EIj JJaxa Bell was born in Francestown, N. H., October 9, 1798. His father was the Hon. Samuel Bell, LL.D., a judge of the Supreme Court, four years Governor of New Hampshire, and twelve years a Senator of the United States. His mfrther was a daughter of the Hon. Samuel Dana, of Antrim, N. H. He manifested at an early age the love of study which distinguished him through life. He entered Harvard College in his fourteenth year, and was graduated in the class of 1816. He then com- menced the study of the law in the office of the Hon. George Sullvan, of Exeter, and was admitted to the bar of the county of Rockingham early in the year 1820. He commenced practice in Mer- edith, where he remained a few months, and then estaljlishod himself at Chester, then a town of some note and the home of several gentlemen of cultiva- tion, taste and distinction. Entering into practice there, he soon acquired the reputation of being a sagacious, learned and trustworthy lawyer. In 1823 he was appointed solicitor of Rockingham County; in 1825 and 1826 was a member of the Legislature; in 1827 and 1828 was clerk of the House of Repre- sentatives. Mr. Bell remained in Chester ten years, and then removed to Exeter, and for some years was cashier of the Exeter Bank. In 1836 he removed to Concord, and in 1839 to Manchester. In 1846 he was police judge of Manchester, and two years later was appointed circuit judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1849 he was appointed a judge of the Superior Court, and in 1859 was chosen chief justice, which position he occupied until his resignation, in 1864. Judge Bell iiosHCSsed rare personal qualifications for a position upon the bench. Dignified in appearance and bearing, he was distinguished for i)atieni'e and courtesy. He had all an honorable man's aversion 2 to meanness and the lower arts of the profession. He used his position and authority to promote no par- tisan or partial purjioscs. The duties of his position were always properly discharged. He was a man of very decided opinions. The purity of Judge Bell's public and private life deserves to be mentioned to his honor. The ermine which he wore was unsullied indeed; no shade of wrong or dishonor ever fell upon his name. When he came to Manchester, the present metropolisof theState was a mere village, with its future all undetermined. Judge Bell entered with interest into every movement for the prospective welfare of the town. Among the public enterj^'ises which he was greatly instrumental in establishing was that of the City Library, which, in spite of all drawbacks, is to-day extensive, valuable and incalculably useful to the people. He was also an early member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and for years held its principal offices. He dictl in Manchester July 21, 18G8. Daniel Claiik,' the third child of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Wiggin) Clark, was born in Stratham, Rockingham County, N. H., October 24, 1809. His father was both farmer and blacksmith. He was re- spected by all who knew him for his integrity. He was industrious, frugal, temperate, kind and obliging. His mother was strong-minded, devoted to her family and very religious. She was not indifferent to the good opinion of others, and was ambitious for the success of her family, and especially of her children. They lived upon a beautiful farm, in the upper |)art of the town, near the historic town of Exeter. The subject of this sketch remained at home under the care and nurture of his excellent parents until he was thirteen years of age, going to the common district school in summer and winter, or so much of the time as it was kept, and assisting about the ordinary farm- work in vacation. He learned at school easily, ami was more fond of his books than of work ui)on the farm. At the age of thirteen he was sent with his older brother to the academy in Hampton, N. H., and put upon the common English studies. He did not then expect to acquire a more liberal education, al- though his mother had some undefined notions of a higher course of studies for her son. He continued at Hampton at intervals, there a term and at home a term, helping upon the farm, some four years or more, when he determined to go to college. He pursued his preparatory studies at Hampton, teaching school two winters, and at twenty was prejiared for college. He entered Dartmouth College, graduating, in 1834, with the fii-st honors of the institution. Rev. Dr. Lord, the president of the college, was then in the prime of his life. Although he had presided over the college but a few years, he had already secured the confidence of its friends, so justly merited, as subse- quently shown by iiis successful adniinistration of the I By Hod. Imao W. Smith. 18 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. aflkirs of the college tor more Ihau a third of a century. AiuDiig Mr. Clark's classmates were Albert Baker, who entered upon the practice of the law at Hillsborough, N. II., and died at tlie age of thirty-one, his untimely death extinguishing hopes which his short but bril- liant career had caused his many friends to entertain of his future usefulness; Hon. Moody Currier, LL.D., of Manchester, Governor of New Hampshire; Hon. Richard B. Kimball, LL.D., of New York City, lawyer, scholar and author; Rev. Edward A. Lawrence, D.I)., Marblehead, Mass.; Rev. Newton E. Marble, D.D., Newton, Conn. ; and Professor Alphonso Wood, presi- dent of Ohio Female College. Mr. Clark taught school winters during his college course and while pursuing his professional studies, eight winters in all, including the two years before entering college, defraying, in part, the expenses of his education with the funds re- ceived from teaching. Immediately after graduation he entered the office of Hon. George Sullivan, then the attorney-general of the State, son of General John Sullivan, of Revolutionary fame, at Exeter, and com- menced the study of the law, remaining with Mr. Sullivan a year and a half. He completed his legal studies in the office of Hon. James Bell, afterwards United States Senator, at Exeter, and was admitted to the bar of Rockingham County in 1837. In the same year he opened an office at Epping, where he remained some eighteen months, and then, in 1839, removed to Manchester, N. H. This thriving city was then just rising from the ground. Not a mill was running, the canal even being unfini.shed. The only railroad then constructed in the State was the Nashua and Lowell. The telegraph and the telephone had not then been invented. The lumbering stage was the only means of jiublic travel. The rates of postage were high and the mails slow and few. The embryo city was hardly more than a desolate sand-bank, where a few hundred people had gathered, allured by the prospect of business about to spring up with the im- provement of the water-power at Amoskeag Falls. Mr. Clark was among the first to open a law-office here. He soon acquired an active practice, which afterwards grew to large proportions, and for twenty years he was employed upon one side or the other of nearly every important trial in the county, attending the courts also in Merrimack and Rockingham Coun- ties. He was employed on behalf of the State in the preliminary examination in the "Parker murder trial," being occupied almost continuously for a period of nearly two months. He succeeded in procuring the extradition from Maine of the supposed murderers after a lengthy trial in that State, and after a hearing, lasting nearly a month, before the Police Court of Manchester, procured their commitment to answer for the crime of murder. Opposed to him as counsel were General Franklin Pierce (afterwards President of the United States), General B. F. Butler, Hon. Josiah G. Abbott and the late Charles G. Atherton, — an array of legal talent seldom seen in this State. Mr. Clark was employed for the defense in two capital trials in the fall of 1854, — Curtis' and Marshall's. Marshall was acquitted, and in the case of Curtis the jury disagreed. During the period of his active )iractice the bar of Hillsborough County was unusually strong. Among its prominent members were Benjamin M. Farley, of Hollis; James U. Parker, of Merrimack; George Y. Sawyer and Charles G. Atherton, of Nashua; Samuel II. Ayer, of Hillsborough; and Samuel D. Bell and George W. Morrison, of Manchester. General Pierce, of the Merrimack bar, also generally attended the courts in Hillsborough County. Of these eminent lawyers, Mr. Morrison is the only survivor. General Pierce, as a jury lawyer, had no superior in the State. He had a very pleasing address, was dignified without being reserved, and possessed a magnetic influence over men, which rendered him a formidable antagonist before jurors. But, in many respects, Mr. Atherton stood at the head of the Hillsborough bar as a lawyer and advocate. He was a man of scholarly attainments, possessed a graceful diction, had a good command ot language, knew how and when to use sarcasm, could appeal effectively to the passions and prejudices, was thoroughly read in the law and was perfectly at home in the court-room. With these and other able lawyers Mr. Clark spent the most of his active professional life, and he was recognized as their peer. His prac- tice was as varied as it was extensive. Whatever he undertook was thoroughly done. He was loyal to the court, faithful to his clients, courteous to opposing counsel and kind and magnanimous to the younger members of the profession. In his arguments to the jury he was never wearisome. He seized upon the weak points of the other side and the strong points of his own side and made them i>romincnt to the jury. He wasted no time on imnuitcrial matters. While he did not possess the personal magnetism of Pierce or Atherton's power of sarcasm, he could put before a court or jury his case with convincing power and in its strongest light, and if .success did not always attend his efforts, it was not because he failed to present all the favorable views of his case. Legal ])apers drafted by him were models of accuracy and clearness. They were also remarkable for their brevity, all useless verbiage being avoided. In his writs the cause of action was briefly and clearly set out, and it was rare that he had occasion to ajiply for an amendment. His clients became his fast friends. His charges were moderate, and no client went away feeling that undue advantage had been taken of his position or that his interests had not been fully protected. It is unfortunate, jierbaps, for his legal reputation that Mr. Clark was drawn into politics. But it was his fortune to live in times when questions of great public interest were being discussed and settled, and it was inevitable that a person of his ability, education and temperament should not entertain pronounced views on public questions. In the early part of his professional life there was a difference of opinion as ^ THE BENCH AND BAR. 19 to the wisdom of encouraging the extension of manu- facturing ami railroad operations in the State, and unfortunately the iiuestion got into ])olitics, and the two parties took oi)posite sides. With the ac(piisition ol' California came the question of the extension or restriction of slavery, the repeal of the Missouri Com- promise, the civil war, the abolition of slavery and the reconstruction measures after the close of the war. As a rule, the lawyers of New Hampshire have very generally taken an active interest in political ques- tions. Thus circumstanced, it was hardly possible for Mr. Chirk not to have some inclination towards politi cal life. In 1842 he was elected one of the repre- sentatives from the town of Manchester to the Legis- lature, and was re-elected in 1.S43, and again elected in 184G. In 1854, after the adoption of the city charter, he was elected representative from his ward, and re-elected in 1855. In 1849, 1850 and 1851 he was a candidate for the State Senate, but his party being in the minority in the district, he failed of an election. He acted with the Whig |)arty until its dissolution, when he helped to form the Kepublican party, with which he has since been identified. He ■was often upon the stump during the campaigns pre- ceding the elections in 1854 and 1855, speaking in every portion of the State, from the sea to the moun- tains. He also took part in the election contests during the decade which immediately followed. Party feel- ing ran high, the contests often being exceedingly bitter. No speaker was received with greater enthu- siasm or addressed larger audiences. It was largely owing to his labors at the hustings that a change in the iiolilical sentiment of the State was brought about. In 1S.")I) hu was a member of the National Rej)ublican Convention, and in November of that year was elected one of the Presidential electors in New Hampshire, and voted for Fremont and Dayton for President and Vice-President. In 1855 the Legislature was called iipcpii to elect two United States Senators. For the first time in a quarter of a century, with a single exception, the Democratic party was in a minority. The oi)position was composed of the Whig party, then on the point ofdissolving, the American party, commonly known as the Know-Nothing party, and the Free-Soil party. These elements, a year later, were fused in the Ile])ub- lican party. By common consent, Hon..Iohn P. Hale wius nominated for the short term, and the contest for the long term wa.s between Mr. Clark and the Hon. .lames Bell. In the Senatorial caucus the latter was nominated and subseiiuently elected by the Legis- lature. The contest, although warm, was a friendly one, so that when, two years later, in 1857, the Legis- lature was called to fill the vacancy in the ofiice occa- sioned by the death of Senator Bell, in obedience to the common wishes of their constituents, the Repub- lican nuiubers nominated and the Legislature elected Mr. Clark. Upon the expiration of his term he was re-elected in 1800 with little op|)osition. The ten years spent by Senator Clark in Congress constituted the most eventful period in the history of the repub- lic. He witnessed the rise, progress and overthrow of the Rebellion. This is not the time nor place to review his Congressional life. One will get a glimpse of his position ujjon the slavery question on page 268, volume i., of Mr. Blaine's "Twenty Years of Congress." He served u])on some of the most import- ant committees, and was chairman of the committee on claims, and, during portions of two sessions, presi- dent pro tempore of the Senate in the absence of Vice- President Hamlin. He was a firm supporter of the various war measures adopted for the sujipression of the Rebellion, and had the confidence of President Lincoln and Secretary Stanton. He failed of a re- election in 1866, as his colleague. Senator Hale, had done two years before, not from any lack of ap]>recia- tion of the invaluable services they had rendered the country, nor of the honor they had conferred upon the State by their course in Congress, but because the rule of rotation in office had become so thoroughly ingrafted in the practice of the Republican i)arty in the State that a departure from it was not deemed wi.se, even in the persons of these eminent states- men. In the summer of 1866 a vacancy occurred in the office of district judge of the United States District Court tor the district of New llaiiipsliire, and Senator Clark was nominated forthe position by President John- son, and unanimously confirmed by the Senate. He thereupon resigned his seat in the Senate and entered ujwn the discharge of his judicial duties. The wisdom of bis selection has been justified by his career upon the bench. The ofiice of the district judge iloes not afford such opportunity tor public distinction as the bench of some other courts, thejurisdiction of the court being limited principally to cases arising under the constitution and laws of the United States. New Hampshire, from its size, location and business rela- tions, furnishes only a small amount of business for the Federal courts, and not much of that generally of public interest. In addition to holding his own court, Judge Clark has frequently been called to hold the Federal courts in other States in the First Circuit. He has brought to the discharge of his judicial duties the same learning, industry and inlercsl that charac- terized his labors at the bar and in the Senate. His decisions have commended themselves to the profes- sion for their soundness and tiiirness. Judge Clark, apparently indift'erent to the preservation of his opinions, has neglected to jiut them in shape for publication in the reports of the First Circuit, to the regret of his professional friends and admirers. Ho has now (1885) been upon tiie bench nineteen years. He was entitled, under a law of Congress, to retire in 1870, upon the salary lor the rest of his life. But he has preferred to earn his salary, and "to wear out rather than rust out." Willi liis physical strength but slightly impaired, his mind as vigorous as in the 20 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. years of his full manhood, he, at the age of seventy-five, gives promise of many years of future usefulness. In 187G he was a member and president of the con- vention called to revise the constitution of New Hampshire. Judge Clark, in 1850, formed a copartnership with his brother David in the practice of the law, which was dissolved by reason of the ill health of the latter, in 1856. In December, 1856, he entered into copartner- ship with Isaac W. Smith, now upon the Supreme bench of New Hampshire, who read law with him in 1848-50. Their firm was dissolved in December, 1861, at which time his practice of the law may be said to have substantially ceased. So much of his time was absorbed with Congressional duties, and other public duties between sessions, growing out of the disturb- ances caused by the civil war, that he had but little time or inclination to follow the courts or attend to the calls of clients in the office. Judge Clark has been fully identified with the growth and history of Manchester. He has taken great interest in its material prosjierity, and has merited and received the confidence of its inhabitants. Besides representing the town and city five years in the Legislature, he has held various offices of trust, viz.: member of the School Board, chief engineer of the Fire Department, trustee of the City Library, city solicitor, trustee and president of the Manchester Savings-Bank, director of the Amoskeag Manufac- turing Company and trustee of the State Industrial School. No citizen of Manchester, with possibly the exception of the late Governor Straw, has exerted so much influence for its growth and prosperity as he. As he looks to-day upon this beautiful city of forty thousand people, and their busy mills, well-paved streets, shady sidewalks, fruitful gardens and peace- ful homes, he, if any one, may repeat the words of the Roman poet, " Quorum magna parsfui." Judge Cl^rk has not failed to take a deep interest in his Alma Mater, which, in 1866, honored herself, as well as him, by conferring upon him the degree of LL.D. In 1861, upon the invitation of the City Councils of Manchester, he delivered a eulogy upon the life of President liinciiln, and in 1880, upon the iuvitatinn of the alumni of Dartmouth College, a eulogy ujion the life of Judge George F. Sheplcy, before that association, both of which were subse- quently published. In 1869, on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of the founding of the college, he delivered an address before the alumni at the invitation of the trustees. A copy was requested for publication, which, unfortunately, was withheld too late for it to appear witii the other published pro- ceedings of that occasion. Judge Clark has contributed liberally to the sup- port of preaching, worshiping with the Unitarians. His views correspond witli tliose of llev. Dr. A. P. Pea- body, of Cambridge, Mass., or with the views of what may be called the Orthodox Unitarians. He has no sympathy with the doctrines of the ultra portion of that denomination. In more recent years he has worshiped at the Franklin Street Congregational Church (Orthodox), Rev. Dr. George B. Spaulding, pastor. Judge Clark has been twice married, — the first time, in 1840, to Hannah W. Robbins, who died in October, 1844, leaving no children ; the second time, to Anne W. Salter, in 1846, who is still living. He has had four children, — three sons and one daughter. The two oldest are living, engaged in the practice of the law in Manchester. One son died in infancy, and the daughter when between two and three years of age. Hox. William C. Clarke.' — Among the public men of New Hampshire who have lately passed away, none was more widely known in the State, or more sincerely respected, than Hon. William Cogswell Clarke, of Manchester. He was born in Atkinson, N. H., December 10, 1810, being the eldest sou of Greenleaf and Julia (Cogswell) Clarke. His father was a farmer and master-mason, the constructor of many fine business buildings in the neighboring town of Haverhill, Mass., and a highly-esteemed citizen of Atkinson, where he served as selectman andjusticeof the peace. He was descended from Nathaniel Clarke, a merchant of Newbury, Mass., who died in 1690, and from Captain Edmund Greenleaf, of that place, an officer of repute in the wars of the early colonists with the Indians. The wife of Greenleaf Clarke was a daughter of Dr. William Cogswell, of Atkinson, who was a surgeon in the Revolutionary army, and at one time chief of the Military Hospital at West Point. William C. Clarke pursued his early studies at At- kinson Academy, of which his maternal grandfather was one of the founders, and then entered Dart- mouth College at the age of eighteen years. He was graduated with high honors in the class of 1832, which included Professors Noyes and Sanborn, of Dartmouth, and the late Samuel H. Taylor, LL.D., the noted instructor at Andover, Mass. Immediately becoming principal of Gilmanton Academy, he held the position for one year, while beginning the study of law. He continued his legal studies in the Har- vard Law School, in the office of Stephen Moody, at Gilmanton, and in that of Stephen C. Lyford, at Meredith Bridge (now Laconia), N. H. On his ad- mission to the bar, in 1836, he began practice in the latter town, and on the creation of Belknap County, at the close of 1S40, he was appointed county solici- tor. He held this position until the spring of 1844, when he removed to Manchester, and continued the practice of his profession. Two years later he was one of a committee of seven chosen by the town to petition the Legislature for a city charter, and at the first city election, in August, 1846, was the Democratic candidate for mayor. There being two other candi- I From Clarke'u " Successful New nampshire Men.'* THE BENCH AND BAR. 21 date3, there was no choice, and he withdrew his name before the second ballot, in September. In the same year, however, he consented to act as chief engineer of the Fire Department of the young city, and he re- tained this position till the close of 1848, having a number of leading citizens as his assistants. In 1849 he was elected to the office of city solicitor, which he held for two years, and in 1850 he served as a member of the State Constitutional Convention. Appointed the juilge of Probate for Hillsborough County in ISol, ho ol)tained the judicial title which clung to him thereafter. In 1854 he was again the Democratic candidate for mayor, but the Whig ticket was successful. A year later Judge Clarke was ten- dered, by Governor Metcalf, an appointment to the bench of the Supreme Court, but he declined the posi- tion. As judge of Probate he discharged his duties with high public approval, but his removal from this office, in 1856, was included in the sweeping political changes which began in 1855. In 1858 he served as a member of the Manchester Board of Aldermen. Soon after the death of the Hon. John Sullivan he was appointed, in 1863, to succeed him as attorney- general of the State, and, receiving a reappointment in 1868, he continued to fill the office until his death, in 1872. From the time of his admission to the bar until he became the chief prosecuting officer of the State, Judge Clarke was actively engaged in private legal practice. He early acquired the reputation of a sound and able lawyer, and obtained an extensive clientage. As attorney-general he was highly successful in the performance of his duties, to which he devoted him- self with conscientious faithfulness. Recognizing the semi-judicial character of his office, he did not allow the zeal of the advocate to outweigh more important considerations, and, in cases where a minor oOense had been committed for the first time, he frequently caused indictments to be suspended so as to give the culprit both a chance and a stimulus to reform. Hardened or flagrant criminals he imrsuccl with the rigor de- manded liy the interests of justice, leaving no stone unturned in his ctlorts to secure their conviction. He drew all his indictments with the greatest care, and it is said that no one of the number was ever set aside. He took equal pains with the jjreparation of evidence and of his arguments in all important causes. The.se cases include a number of murder trials, which at- tracted wide attention when in ])rogress, and which affi)rded marked proof of his legal skill. Ilissenseof duty being above all other considerations, he was un- moved by all attempts to aflect his official course by private a])peals or by any species of ])ersonal influ- ence. Judge Clarke bad a marked distaste for ordinary politics and the arts of the politician. On the few occasions when he consented to be a candidate for an elective office he did not seek the nomin:ition,luit ac- cepted it at till' re]U Uy lluu. Jo8c|>!i W. Fuilowa. His niothir, Mary Ann (Kimball) Stanley, was a noble and intelligent woman, highly appreciative of the value of learning, earnestly and devotedly at- tached to the interests of her family and friends, and an ardent worker for the good of society. It was largely due to her energy and encouragement that her son was enabled to acquire his collegiate and ■ professional education. ' She commenced his instruction at home, and at the age of three years jilaced him in the district school, where he made good jirogrtss and showed signs of those properties of mind which marked his course in later life. When about eleven years old he entered Hopkin- ton Academy, where he remained until his prepara- tory education was completed, and at the age of fourteen was admitted to Dartmouth College. He was the youngest member of his class, and one of the youngest who ever completed the course of study in that institution. He graduated in 1849, and immediately began the study of law in the office of Hon. H. E. Perkins, in Ho|ikinton. During the fol- lowing winter he taught school in that town; and, although it was a difficult school to manage, and he young and without experience, still he completed the term with remarkable success and gave entire satis- faction. He continued to study with Judge Perkins until April, ISol, during which time he had the entire charge of the post-office at Contoocook and conducted its bu.-iiness in the name of his instructor, who was postmaster during the administration of President Pierce. He then came to Manchester, and entered the office of Hon. George W. Morrison, where he continued the study of law until his admission to the bar in the Supreme Court in Hillsborough County, August 12, 1852. During this time he taught school in Acton, Mass., two terms (winter of 1850-51 and 1851-52), where he met with good success. One of his pupils, now a prominent business man in that vicinity, says: "Mr. Stanley was the most successful teacher we ever had during my school-days. Ho was able to im|)art knowledge in a [dain, intelli- gent manner, which even the dullest could under- stand ; and his instruction was impressed upon the minds of his scholars in a forcible way which enabled them to remember it with great distinctness. He is still remembered by the people here with much re- spect." While pursuing his legal studies he displayed the practical ability and industry of his character. Judge Perkins says: "He was quick to see just what should be done, and always did it witliout being told." Mr. Morrison says: "He was one of the best stu- dents I ever had. Without interfering with his stu- dies, he very soon became familiar with the practice sufficiently to do the ordiiniry business of our office with remarkable facility and accuracy." The office of Mr. Morrison afforded a rare oppor- THE BENCH AND BAU. 23 tunity for law-students. A great volume of business was being transacted, and probably do other place in the State had siiidi advantages for learning the prac- tice, and (ew lawyers Cduid have been found as well quali(ic all the details of business, gave him uncommon readiness and great advantages of an executive char- acter, and combined to make him one of the most successful practitioners of his time. In February, 185G, Patten's Block, where their office was located, w;ls burned, and nearly all of the lilirary and other books, together witli matiy valuable papers of the lirni, were destroyed. In Novenilier, 1S'>7, Mr. Fitch withdrew from the firm and the business was conlinued in the name of Morrison & Stanley, but with no material change in its character. In 18">8, Juendef your hite ossuc-iate, Judge Stan- ley. 1 had inteiidt'd to have pi-escnted these rosulutions at the session of this court in Dei'ember, but it wtut thought hewt tn postpone it till the present time, when there would be u more general attendance of the nienibere of the bar fruru the various rounttes in tlie Slate. "The announcement i»f the deatli of .Judge Stanley in the early daya of winter foil with startling suddenness upon the uicniheni of tho bar and the people of tho State, and very few knew of liis serioue illness until the intelligence was Hashed over the State that he wan dead. ".\nd it is veri" hanl to realize even now that lie, who, but a few weeks ago, seemed in tho enjoyment of such jierfoct health and who gave promiBe of HO nuiny yeare of future urt«-futne5d in the position which ho adorned on the IkmicIi of this court, has pa*i*ed from anu^ng us forever. *"nie suddenness of .Judge Stanley's ileath cannot help reminding us of tlie wordu of Mr. Burke i>n a soliiewhat sitnilar occasion, which are frequently ipioted, but att little heeded : 'Snatehed from us, as he was, in the midst of his usefulnew, while his desires were as warm and his hopes M oftg'T AS any of oun, has feelingly told us what shadows we are and what shadows we pursue.' " His funeral was attended by a largo concourse tjf people, not only from the city whore he ei*s of the bar genemlly, and, I may add, uf tho bench ob well, will cause him to be sincen'ly mourned and his naino and character to bo held in kiutlly remembrance as long as any of tho(«c who knew )iim Hhall live. I move, your hoixtrs, the adoption of tho following renolutlons : '* It'toh-eil, That in the death of tho Hon. ''linton Warrington Stanley, one of the aiUM>cia(<' just i'-ef* of tin- Supreme Court of New Hampshire, on the iHt day uf D.-cmlH-r, 1x84, we rccngui/e tho b.-w-.f one i.l the most untiring members of ih<- bench, who, by his ability, integrity and faithful devdtiun to the duties of his otllce, had deservedly earned and jiossessod the enieoni, confldoiico and respect of Ills fuisuctates and of the bar and people of the State. " We recogni/e, also, Ills sterling ipialities as a man and n cttlxon, which made him honored and res)>ected in all (he relations of private life. "And wo n-spectfully request the court to direct that these pmcoedlnga be entered upon its reconls, and thai a copy thereof be presented to his widow, with the assurance of tair deep and heartfelt sympathy tn hor ben-avi'inonl." Mr. .lustice lilodget then spoke as tbllnws: "The estimation in which Judge Stanley was held by the profession ha» been so Ittly fxpreivod in the resolulions which have been |)i«*sented, ami in the remarks »}iii'h have bfcu inadr, that nothing seems to remniti for the court to add but to express brietly it* high appreciation of his worth and the shiro has carried moi"o widespread sorrow to the hearts of her people or called forth more notable tributes of their respect. "But while, humanly speaking, we mourn his untimely rcmoval in the prime of his niaulio(.>d and in tho midst of his usefulness, we cannot but be grateful that his busy, laborious and faithful life was crowned with a most fitting close ; for with only u brief illness, and with all his faculties unimpaired, ho was mercifully called away without a struggle, by a touch as gentle as that which loosens tho ripe fruit from its bough. 'tJod's finger touched him and he sle])t.' His work was done,— his mis- sion was accomplished." Chief Justice Doe spoke as follows : "Brother Blodget sjieaks for ns all, but my personal relations with brother Stanley were of such a cluiracter and duration that I bog to bo excused for adding a word. As school-males, brother Clark and I be- came acquainted with hitii Ibirty-i-ight yeai-s ago last .\ugust, anor and convenieiico for our own benefit ; so many hours and days and years lighted up by his tolerant and cheerful spirit, — all this and all the pleiuiures of life that this suggests bring a sense of poi-sonal bereavement sehloni exjierioncod by those who are not of neor kindred. "Tho untiring energy that rendered tho most valuable judicial servico was enllsteil in helping his asw^clates, im well as In various eiiterpiisi'B, public and private. His capacity for continuous labor, for details and for everything comprised in the successful conduct of business, combined with equanimity and profound and enthusiastic interest In everything ho nnth'i'took, made him an invaluable memlK|)artnutluce such a bar and bench as the lnter>»»tii and the cnnlit of the State demand. This one movement bus already ilonc enough for the cuuse of b>gnl eduaitlon In 26 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. New llamiwhire to be a lasting monument to his memory. On every siiie we have in improveil ii ethods of adininistnition abtinditnt evidence of his practical genius. '*Whrtt made him specially pleasing as an associate, and his life the happiest and most sttisfactory, was his imiierturbable serenity. I have seen liini in circnnistanren of annnyiince wljen he Tuost luive thouglit himself iil-ntre*!, and when others in iiis i)lace woiiltl have iiiaile mure or less exhibition of anger, but from all these thirty-eight and a half years I cannot recall a single occasion when he showed any sign of irritation. If this extraordinary fact is due to a memory that failed to record some expressive change of voice or color, it is, nevertheless, true that in kind- ness of nature and freeiloni from fretfulness aiul resentment — qualities the most desirable in a friend and of prime necessity in a judge — he was unsurpassed. "The resolutions of the bar will be entered on the records of the court and a copy sent to Mrs. Stanley." Hon. Herman Foster was born at Andover, Mass., October 31, 1800. He removed to Hudson, N. H., with his father's family in 1810. He prepared for college, but was jjrevented from pur- suing a college course by a disease of his eyes. He first engaged in mercantile business in Bo.ston, and was married to Harriet M. A. Whittemore, of West Cambridge, Mass., in November, 1826. He removed to Warner in March, 1830. He studied law with the Hon. Henry B. Chase, of Warner, and was admitted to practice in December, 1839. He commenced prac- tice in Manchester, N. H., in 1840. He was town treasurer before the city was char- tered. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1845-46 and in 1868-69; member of the State Senate in 1860 and 1861, of which body he was president the latter year. He was one of the first directors and clerk of the Jlanchester and Lawrence Railroad, a director of the old Amoskeag Bank lor many years, a director of the Amoskeag National Bank, and a trustee and one of the investigating committee of the Manchester Savings- Bank from its organization to his death. He also wtis one of the founders of the City Library, tresisurer and clerk of the JIanchester Gas- Light Company from its organization to his death. In his profession, Mr. Foster was a safe and valu- able counselor. He formed his opinions upon careful study and examination, and they were generally cor- rect and reliable. In the preparation of a cause he was thorough. He neglected nothing and was seldom caught unprepared. It may safely be said the afiixirs of no client suffered in his hands. Mr. Foster died February 17, 1875. Li:wi.sW.Ci..\RK.'— Judge Lewis Whitemore Clark, son of Jeremiah and Hannah (Whitemore) Clark, was born in Barnstead, N. H., August 19, 1828. With most excellent natural mental capacity, he early showed a hunger for knowledge. His education began in the common schools of his native town, was pursued through Pittsfield and Atkinson Academies, in which institutions he prejiared for college, and Dartmouth College, where he was graduated with ex- cellent standing in 1S.')0. He immediately began the special preparation for ' By Rev. (larimi II. Kimbiil his chosen profession and at the same time was prin- cipal of Pittsfield Academy. His principalship of this school continued from August, 1850, to December, 1852, with eminent success. He began his law studies with Hon. Moses Norris, continued them under the direction of Hon. A. F. L. Norris, and on Sei)teml)er 3, 1852, was admitted to the bar of New Hampshire, to commence a career of i>rofessional service that has been alike honorable to himself and creditable to the commonwealth of which he is a citizen. He practiced law for a time in Pittsfield, N. H., but his abilities were such as to soon call him to the me- tropolis of the State, where he has since resided, one of its best-beloved citizens. He was associated in the practice of his profes.sion with Hon. George W. Morrison and Hon. Clinton W. Stanley, late associate justice of the Supreme Court, and remained in this law firm for six years. After a time he formed a law partnership with Hon. Henry H. Huse, under the firm-name of Clark & Huse, and continued thus until May 24, 1872, when he was ap- pointed attorney-general of the State by Governor Weston, an appointment which his learning and ability justly merited. This position he held, with great credit to himself and benefit to the State, until August, 1876. His ability and great learning as a lawyer, his faith- ful and eminent discharge of the duties of attorney- general of the State, and his already marked judicial ability pointed to him as the man to fill the vacancy which had occurred on the Supreme Bench, and on August 13, 1877, he was appointed judge of the Su- preme Court of New Hampshire, an appointment highly satisfactory to the able bar of the State. This position he has filled to the present time with highest honor to himself and in a manner worthy the great lawyers who have occupied the Sui)reme Bench of New Hampshire. In December, 1852, he united in marriage with Miss Helen M., daughter of Captain William Knowlton, of Pittsfield, a lady every way i|uali6cd for the com|ian- ionship other eminent husl)anil. Two children have been born to them, — Mary Helen and John Lewis. Politically, Judge Clark is a Democrat, and while not a partisan, has been a wise and honored leader in the Democratic party. In 1855 he was the nominee of his party for Congress in the Second Congressional District and served as a member of the New Hamp- shire Legislature from Pittsfield in the years 1855, 1856, 1857. Since his elevation to the Supreme Bench, in ac- cordance with his high sense of honor, he has with- drawn from active participation in politics, while still profoundly concerned in all rpiestions relating to his country's weal. The private chanicter of .Tudge Clark is one of stainless integrity. His mind is eminently ^"'~nx:?' THE BENCH AND BAR. 27 all sides of questions that come uiicKt his noti(.e, and with impertiirliiible i-almness portunity to attain the posts of high honor and extensive influence, which under our free institutions is put within the reach of all who feel stirring within them the requisite latent ability, and are willing to submit to the requisite labor, is illustrated in the life of the subject of the fol- owing sketch, the Hon. Isaac W. Smith, associate justice of the Sujireme Court of New Hampshire. Paternal Anceatrtj. — I. Samuel Smith, supposed to have emigrated from England and to have been among the early settlers of Haverhill, Mass. II. Samuel Sniilb, loyed in the mill for the next five years; but during this time he had learned enough of books to make him ambi- tious to know more; and, as the affairs of the family were fairly prosperous, at the age of fourteen he was sent to the academy at Newbury, Vt., and afterwards to the one at Tilton. Being an expert operative, able to take the wool I'rom the fleece and convert it into cloth, by working in the factory a part of each year he earned the money to pay his expenses at these institutions one or more terms every year until 1848, when he arranged to commence the study of law with Hon. William C. Thompson, at Plymouth; but in February of that year his lather died, leaving a family of eight children, six of whom were younger than James, in destitute circumstances. This aflliction, which threw the care of the family largely upon the young man, compelled him to change somewhat his plans; but he did not for a moment lose sight of the object he had in view, and, as he could not enter the law-oflicc at Plymoutli, lie liorrowed books from it and pursued his studies during such time as he could get at home, for a year, when he entered the ottice of Hon. Joseph Burrows, then a practicing lawyer at Holderness. In 1849 the family removed to Fisherville, in order that the younger children might obtain employment in the factory there, and he completed his studies in the oflice of Judge Butler, from which he was ad- mitted to the bar in 1851. A few months later he commenced the practice of law at Hillsborough Bridge, whither he went a jicrfcct stranger, without money or reputation. But he had ability and energy, was willing to work, knew how to live within a snnill income until lie could make it larger, and little by little lie gained clients and friends, who gave him a lucrative practice, accepted his counsel, followed his leadership and established his reputation as the most popular and influential man of the town. In 185)), 1857 and 18.'')8 he was sent by a nearly unanini'Uis vote to represent Hillshorougli in the Legislature, where he was at once accorded a prominent position aa a member of the judiciary committee, and the third year was honored by the nomination of his 30 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. party for the Speakership. At this time lie acted witli the Democratic party, ami cuiitiiiucd to tlo so until the War of the Rebellion, when he felt that all loyal men should unite to save the Union and main- tain the national authority, and, having been nomi- nated by the Democracy of his district for councilor upon a platform which enunciated peace-at-any-price doctrines, to which he could not assent, he declined the nomination, and from that day has been an ardent, active and enthusiastic Republican. While the Eleventh Regiment was being recruited he tendered his services to the Governor of the State, and was appointed quartermaster on the staff of Col- onel Harriman. In this capacity he served through the battles of Fredericksburg, the military operations in Kentucky, and the Mississippi River expeditions which resulted in the capture of Vicksburg and Jackson, for about a year, when he was prostrated by the malaria of the southern swamps, and compelled to resign and return to his home in Hillsborough. During his absence in the field aud the illness which succeeded his return his legal business had become somewhat demoralized, and on the recovery of his health he concluded to start anew in a wider field of action in Manchester, to which city he re- moved in 1871, forming a partnership with Hon. Henry H. Huse, which still exists. Manchester gave him a cordial welcome. Her mill operatives and other mechanics greeted him as an honored graduate of their school, who in his after triumphs had never forgotten the hard road by which he had journeyed to success; her lawyers and clients were already well acquainted with his professional abilities; her sol- diers recognized him as an old companion-in-arms, and her politicians a.s an earnest Rei)ublican who could and would be a tower of strength in every campaign. Under these circumstances he did not have to wait for business or political preferment. Soon after opening his office he was appointed city solicitor, an^ LO^i^^(>^ THE BENCH AND BAR. 31 reaching and untiring. He is a public-spirited citi- zen, a kind neijrlibor and a pleasant companion. He is always approachable, i)atient and considerate. In every cause in which he enlists he is a hard worker and a free giver. He knows how to wait and how to look beyond temporary reverses to the complete tri- umph which he always believes will crown and estab- lish the right. He never frets and never rests until the result is secure. His private life is without a stain, and the fierce light of the hottest campaign has disclosed no shadow of a blot upon his public record. His symi)atliies are with the people, and his head and hands are controlled by his heart. These qualities have made .lames F. lirijr]Lrs what he is. They have supplied the place of early advantaj^es, inllucntial friends and fortune. They have carried him from the woolen-mill, working for a few cents a day, to the national House of Kepresentatives, commissioned to speak and act for the largest and richest district in New Hampshire. They made him strong at the bar, popular at the polls and influential in Congress. Davjd Cross, one of the loading lawyers at the Hillsborough County bar, was born in Weare, N. H., July 5, 1817. His father, David Cross, son of Abial Cross, was born in Salem, N. H., June 19, 1772, and died in Weare, March 7, 1856. His father w-as a farmer, a man of great energy, remarkably indus- trious and upright, kind and hospitable, and held in high esteem by all who knew him. His mother was Olive Kimball, daughter of Thomas Kimball and Olive Lovejoy Kimball, ofPembroke; was born Junel9,1782,and died April .3, 1871. Hefittedfor college at Hopkinton and Phillips Academy, A ndover, Mass., and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1841. He read law in the ofHcc of Willard Raymond, in Troy, N. Y., at the Harvard Law iSchool, and office of Hon. Daniel Clark, in Manchester, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1844, and has continued in active practice to the present time. In IS.'iO he married Anna Quackenbush Eastman, a daughter of Hon. Ira Allen Eastman, who was a member of Congress frpm this State for four years and one of the judges of the Supreme Court for fifteen years, and one of the most distinguished lawyers of the State. He died in Manchester in 1881. Her mother, a daughter of .lohn N. Quackenbush, of Albany, N. Y., is living in Manchester. Of the five children of Mr. and Mrs. Cross, two died in infancy. Clarence Eastman Cross died Janu- ary 11, 1881, he being withineleven days of twenty-one years of age. He was a member of the junior class in Dartmouth College. The death of Clarence was a terrible griff to his parents and a disappointment of many cherished plans. He seemed to have inherited from his father and grandfather a taste and an aliility for the law, and his character and talent gave high hopes of success. He seems abunractical good sense and judgment, an even and cheerful temper, warm and deep sympathies, a cordial and engaging manner, a modest and unselfish disposition, a sturdy honesty 32 HISTORY UF HILLSBOROUGH COUiNTl', iNEW HAMPSHIRE. that temptatiuii assails in vain, ami a capai'ity aud love for the often laborious work and duties of his profession which make all burdens light and labor pleasant. Judge Cross enters into the cause of his client with zeal and jirosecutes it with energy, but never forgets the principles of justice, and is never unmindful of j the rights of others, seeking in all his acts to aid the ! court and jury to reach just conclusions upon the law and evidence. By his candor and fairness in con- ducting the numerous causes before the courts he has won the confidence alike of court and jury, which fact has deservedly contributed largely to his success, and at the same time gained for him the warmest personal regard of his brethren at the bar. To the large number of younger men who in forty years have made Judge Cross's office a school in which to pre- pare themselves for the duties of profcs.sional life he has been more than an instructor. By his uniform courtesy, his upright, honorable conduct, fairness and unswerving rectitude, he has taught them not only the principles of law, but the principles that underlie high and manly character as well. In the full vigor of his professional life, with a large and successful business, rich in the confidence and regard of his [)rofcssi()nal brethren and fellow-citizens in every walk of life, he seems to have reached the full fruition of his labors, and to be in the enjoyment of the pleasure that an honorable and unselfish career confers upon any man. LrciEN B. Clouoh was graduated at Dartmouth College with the class of 1850. He commenced his legal study with Messrs. Morri- son & Fitch, of Manchester, in 1850, and afterwards pursued it with Raymond & King, of Troy, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in Albany, N. Y., upon examination, in 1851. In 1853 he returned to New Hampshire and, after being admitted in this State, opened an ollice in Manchester. In 187-t he was api)ointed judge of Probate for the county of Hillsborough, which office he held about two years. In 1878, David F. Clark, Esq., who studied his profession with Mr. Clough, became associated with him as junior jiartncr, under the style of Clough & Clark, which firm is still in practice. Cyrt's a. Sulloway, son of Greeley and Betsey L. SuUoway, was born in Grafton, N. H., June 8, 1839. His boyhood was passed in his native town, where his opportunities for securing an education were very limited. He, however, improved such ad- vantages as were afforded by the common schools, and subsequently attended the academics at Canaan, An- dover, Franklin, and Colby Academy, at New Lon- don, N. H. Having decided upon the legal profession as his life- work, he began the study of the law, in 18(il, in the office of Pike & Barnard, at Franklin, N. H. He was admitted to the bar at Plymouth, in November, 1863, and soon after located in Manchester, forming a coi>artnership for the practice of law with Samuel 1). Lord, under the firm-name of Lord & Sulloway. This partnership continued until September, 1873, when Mr. Sulloway associated with him Elijah M. Topliff, the firm being Sulloway & To|)liff. Dennis F. O'Con- nor subsequently became a member of the firm, it now being Sulloway, Topliff & O'Connor. Mr. Sulloway was a member of the Legislature in 1872 and 1873, in the former year being chairman of the committee on elections, and in the latter chair- man of the judiciary committee of the House. He was also deputy collector of internal revenue from 1873 to 1878. In 1878 he was opposed to the con- traction of the currency, and in that year was the Greenback candidate for Congress. He was a mem- ber of the Republican party down to 1880. In that year he cast his vote for Hancock, and in 1884 for President Cleveland. May 31, 1864, he united in marriage with Helen M., daughter of Jonathan W. Fifield and Theodorah (Dickinson) Fifield, of Franklin, and their family consists of one daughter, — Belle H., born July 31, 1868. Mr. Sulloway, upon his admission to the bar, at once displayed such energy, ability and adaptation to his profession that he soon surrounded himself with a large clientage, and rapidly rose to prominence. To great keenness, penetration and power of ana- lysis he adds fluency, pungency and force in the pres- entation of a cause to a jury, and as an advocate, he espouses his causes fearlessly and leaves nothing undone, in the line of honorable warfare, to win suc- cess. His prominence in the trial of the most important causes in his own county, and his constantly widening field of practice, now embracing a majority of the counties in the State, are conclusive proofs that his legal fame rests upon a solid aud enduring basis. Hon. Henry E. Burxuam, son of Henry L. and Maria A. Burnham, was born in Dunbarton, N. H., November 8, 1844. He graduated at Dartmouth Col- lege in 1865, and was admitted to the Merrimack County bar in 1868. He began the practice of the law in Manchester, N. II., in Septemberof same year. He was appointed judge of Probate for Hillsborough County July 25, 1876, and resigned June 3, 1879. Charles Henry Bartlett was born in Sunapee, N. H., October 15, 1833. He is the fourth son of John and Sarah J. (Sanborn) Bartlett, and is a lineal descendant, in the eighth generation, of Richard Bar- tlett, who came from England to Newbury, Mass., in the ship "Mary and John," in 1634. The original orthography of the name was Bartte- lot, which is still preserved by the family in Eng- land, whose ancestral home in Stopham, Sussex County, has remained in possession of the family for nearly a thousand years, and the present occupant, I I I I I it THE BENCH AND BAR. 33 Hon. Walter B. Barttelot, is the member of Parlia- nieiit from that county. In the same ancestral line is found the name of Hon. Josiah Bartlett, who, as a delegate in the Con- tinental Congress from New Hampshire, was the first man to vote " yes " on tlie passage of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 177(), and the second to afii.\ his signature theretrofes- sion, but ha.s devoted himself to tlie duties of liis office, which became very onerous and responsible upon the passage of the Bankrupt Law, about the time of his appointment. The holding of this office under the government of the LTnitcd States has discpialifieil him from accepting any olfice under the State gov- ernment. He was clerk of tlie New Hampshire Sen- ate from ISfil to l.SGo, Governor Sniytli's private secre- tary in 1865 and 18G6, treasurer of the State Reform School in 1866 and 1867. In the same year he was unanimously chosen city solicitor, but declined a re- election, owing to liisappointnientas clerk of the Dis- trict Court. In 1872 he was elected, as the nominee of tiie Republican party, mayor of the city, and serveil till February is, 1,S7:!, when he resigned in accord- .S ance with the policy of the national government at tliat time, which forbade United States officials from holding State or municipal offices. His cheerful co- operation with the administration in this matter, though at a sacrifice of a most conspicuous public position, was handsomely recognized by President Grant, through Attorney-General Williams. His hist official act as mayor was to order the city treasurer to pay the amount due him for salary to the Firemen's Relief Association. Mr. Bartlett has been a trustee of the Merrimack River Savings-Bank from 1865 to the present time, and a trustee of the People's Sav- ings-Bank from its organization, in 1874. He is also a director in the Merchants' National Bank. He was the Master of Washington Lodge of Freemasons from April, 1872, to April, 1874, and now holds the position of United States commissioner, to which he was ap- pointed in 1872. The only positions of trust he has held since his appointment as clerk of the United States Court are as a member of the last Constitutional (convention and chairman of the commission ap- pointed by the Governor and Council to investigate the affiiirs of the New Hampshire Asylum for the In- sane. Mr. Bartlett married, December 8, 1858, Miss Han- nah M. Eastman, of Ooydon, N. H., by whom he had one son, Charles Leslie, wlio died at the age of four years, and one daughter, Carrie Bell. Clarke's " History of Manchester," from which the foregoing facts are gathered, closes its biograjihical sketch of Mr. Bartlett as follows: "Mr. Bartlett has a keen, well-balanced mind, whose faculties are always athis command. He thinks readily, but acts cautiously, and seldom makes a mistake. Hence he has been financially successful in almost everything he has un- dertaken. He is one of the most practical lawyers in the State, and was for several years in charge of the law department of the Mirror, giving general satis- faction, and his withdrawiil, wlien his business com- pelled it, was a source of much regret to the readers of that paper." In 1881 Dartmouth College conferred ujion him the honorary degree of JIaster of Arts. In 1882, Mr Bartlett was elected to the New Hamp- shire State Senate, resigning his office as clerk of the United States District Court. .\t the assembling of the Legislature, on account of his eminent fitness, he was chosen president of the Senate, an office second in rank to that of Governor of the State. JosKiMi B. Cl.AKKi-: was born in Gilford, N. H.,. June 21, 1823. He graduated from Brown Univer- sity, 1848. He commenced the study of tlie law with the late Judge Asa Fowler, of Concord, and subsequently entered the office of 8. C. Lyford, at Laconia, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. He eommenced the ])ractice of his profession, in Manciicster, in 1855; was city solicitor in 185S and 1859; representative in the Legislature in 1850; was mayor of the city in 1807; was appointed 34 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. county solititurin ISGl, ;iiiil licM ilio oflice ten years. He is identified willi the bankiiii; and otiier leading interests of the city, and ''has taken part in whatever miglit be prominent in society at any time, interest- ing himself in politics, military affairs, hanking, rail- ways, etc., and his election to the mayoralty of the city testifies to the confidence with which he has been regarded as a public man. Cautious, prudent and thoughtful, a hard worker and a true friend, he has made a good name in the city, and is favorably known throughout the State. He is a good citizen and was one of the foremost men and most liberal givers in the construction of the First Baptist Church." Hon. Bexjamix Fkaxklin Ayer,' the son of Robert and Louisa (Sanborn) Ayer, was born at Kingston, April 22, 1825. He graduated at Dart- mouth College in 1846, and read law with George W. Morrison, Esq., and at Harvard LTniversity Law School. Went into practice in Manchester in July, 1849 ; was elected clerk of Common Council in the same year and again in 1850. He was a partner in the practice of the law with Samuel H. Ayer, Esq., from about IS.")!) until the decease of the latter, then continued in bu.siness alone until June 1, 1854, at which time he became the law-partner of Herman Foster, which partnership continued until April 10, 1857. He represented Manchester in the New Hampshire Legislature in 1853 and was attorney for Hillsborough County from 1853 to 1856. One year later he removed to Chicago, 111. He succeeded Sam- uel H. Ayer, Esq., as solicitor for Hillsborough County and held the office several years. He has held the office of city solicitor in Chicago and is the present attorney of the Illinois Central Railroad. Hon. S.\mui;l Urrox, who has spent most of his active life in the city of Manchester, in this State, has been long known as an earnest and aggressive worker in politics and a sincere advocate of the cause of temperance and of religion. His father, Daniel Up- ton, a descendant of John Upton, an Englishman of considerable means, who settled very early in what is now the town of Danvers, Mass., came to Wilmot, this State, in 1816, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1856. He married, for his second wife, Asenath Teel, of Goffstown, N. H., in 1822, and had a large family of children. Of him it has been said that he jwssessed little of worldly wealth, but was rich in Christian faith and good works ; that he possessed sound intelligence and made his influence felt in moulding into form the crude elements which at best enter largely into the composition of all new settlements. His eldest son by this marriage, Samuel, thesubject of this sketch, was born September 12, 1824. The story of his early life differs little from that of many others who have, unaided by fortune, successfully Struggled against hardships and privations. Cour- ' By Ili.ii. h. n. Clougli. ageously, however, he entered the contest, thcmgh his delicate health counted against his success. Exhaust- ing at an early age the resources of the public schools, at that time indifl'erent in quality, and limited in quantity, he .sought, by such labor in the fiehl and the workshop as his health would permit, to obtain means for further education in the academies of the State. In time he was enabled to attend one term at the New London Academy, and subse- quently completed a course at Kimball Union Acad- emy, Meriden, N. H., in the fall of 1841), defray- ing, by manual labor during vacations and by teach- ing winters, the entire expense of his course. He loved books, and the pleasure derived from their study was to him ample compensation for the many depri- vations through which their companionship was pur- chased. While j)ursuing his studies and subsecjuently he taught in the public schools, — one term in Danbury, X. H., three in Wilmot, two of which were in his own district, into which school he introduced modern methods of teaching, and raised its standard a marked degree, infusing an ambition and pride among the pupils which is still felt. He also taught one term at Meriden immediately after his graduation and finished one term at Cornish Flatt, from which school the unruly boys had driven the former teacher ; then taught four terms in Ash- land, Mass., five in Manchester, N. H., four of which were in connection with the High School as assistant or principal. He also taught in academies one term each at Ashby, Mass., Corinth, Vt., and Deeriug, N. H. As a teacher he was eminently successful, and though fond of the work, he was looking forward to the law as a profession. For this purpose he eom- naenced reading law in the office of Butterfield & Hamlin, Andover, X. H., in the spring of 1851 ; re- mained in that office one year, then completed his studies in the office of D. & D. J. Clark, in Manches- ter, N. H., in the fall of 1854. Upon admission to the bar he opened an office in that city, and soon was aarty, and his first vote wasjirobably counted as scattering. In the organization and success of the Republican party he took an active interest, and was prominent as a public speaker, making many canvasses of the State. He represented Manchester Oiyut i / ^ lyOk/l (^^ f i I THE BENCH AND BAK. 35 iu tlie State Legislature in 1855 and 185tj, and in December, 18G3, waa appointed, by President Lincoln, commissioner of Hoard of Enrollment for the Second Congressional District, which position he held until the close of the war, in 1SG5. He was also appointed visitor to the West Point Academy in 1861, but owing to sickness in his family, w'as unable to attend the examination. He also served three years on the Public School Board in Manchester, taking an active interest in the schools, esjjccially in tliu Hijrh School, the Lincoln Street Grammar School and the Training- School, the care of which was especially assigned to him as a sub-committee. As a temperance worker he was connected with several organizations and delivered an address before the State Temperance Convention on "The History and Workings of the Prohibitory Law," which at- tracted much attention, and was i)ublished by the convention iu pamphlet form for circulation. Early in life he united with the Congregational Church, and in some capacity has ever since been connected with its Sabbath-schools. For eight years he was superin- tendent of the Franklin Street Salibath-School, in Manchester, to the interest of which he devoted much time and labor, and he now looks upon the time thus spent as the most pleasant and profitable of his life. In 1875 he removed to Western Iowa, hoping the ehange might benefit the health of his wife, and free- ing liimself from political work, be enabled to de- vote a few years to a more remunerative occupation. There he engaged in mercantile business with his brother-in-law, under the firm-name of Prescott & L^pton, and the firm soon became well known in the business community for its enterprise and success. As individuals, they did much to build up the new town and to establish for it a good reputation. It was said to be the only town between Dubuque and Sioux City free from the curse of beer-saloons. To this new field of labor Mr. Upton carried with him not only bis zeal for temperance, but also his love for Sabbat li-scboiil work, uniting with the school the first Sabbath after his arrival, and laboring as teaciier of the class of adult scholars and sis superintendent during his residence there. He also served as a mem- ber of the Public School Board, and on the incorpora- tion of the town, refusing to allow his name to be used for mayor, he served as one of the Council. In 188:5 he returned to New Hampshire, settling in Golfstown, opening a law-oHice there and in Man- chester, and also engaging in trade. He is at present superintendent of the Sabbath-school in the village where he resides, and a member of the Board of Edu- cation. In 1857 he marrieil Jennie L. Merriman, one of the teachers in the High School at Manches- ter. Their only child died in infancy. Measured by results, Mr. Upton can look back upon a most suc- cessful life. Engaging in the liberty cause when to befriend the negro, even in New England, subjected one til vile taunts and social ostracism, he has seen i the cause he knew to be right spread until slavery is forever dead and a President, elected by its former supporters, escorted to the Capitol by a battalion of negro soldiers without exciting comment. Advocating a prohibitory liquor law when liquor was openly sold in every town in the State, he has lived to see the liquor traffic suppressed in all but one or two cities in the State, and the measures he advocated received almost the unanimous approval of both political parties. As a public si)eaker he possesses in a marked ilegree a capacity for marshaling facts and for pre- senting them to the public in a manner which both pleases and instructs. For his efforts in jiolitics and the cause of temperance he has been both censured and jiraised, but no one has doubted for a moment the integrity of his purpose or the unselfish motives which have ever prompted him. He is yet in vigor- ous health, and likely to enjoy for many years the proud satisfaction of having been an active worker on the successful side in the two great struggles, one of which has relieved the country of human slavery, while the other has well-nigh driven from his native State the liquor saloons with their train of evils. The present members of the Manchester bar are as follows : JolinH. .\ndrews, Qiarlcs H. Bartlett, John P. Bartlctt, Samuel N. Bell, John C. Bickforil, Henry W. Blair, James F. Brigjre, .\lbert 0. Brown, Henry K. Burnliani, Charles A. Carpenter, Bradbury P. Cilley, Benjamin F. Clark, Daniel Clark, David F. Clark. B. F. Clark, Henry S. Clark, Joseph B. Clark, Lewis W. Clark, Luciuu B. Clough, Charles E. Cochran, David Cross, Josiah tJ. Dearborn, .Tames E. Dodge, Joseph W. Fellows, John Foster, Christopher \. Gallagher, Alichael J. Healy, Isaac I,. Heath, Nathan I'. Hunt, Henry H. Huse, Kdwin F. Jones, Joseph L IJoeuf, William Little, Geoige A. Little, Frank C. I^ivingston, Sanniel D. lA*rd, Thomas D. Luce, George I. McAllister, John T. Moore, (Charles It. Morrison, George W. Morrison, Herbert F. Norris, Charles .\. O'Connor, Dennis F. O'Connor, Alpheus C. Osgood, Joswo B. Patten, William R. Patten, David L. Perkins, David P. Perkins, George W. Prescott, Albion K. Simmons, Isaac W'. Smith, James B. Straw, Cyrus \. Sulloway, Ar- thur D. Taggart. Klijali M. ToplilT, Newton H. Wilson. Pi;kley Dodge was l)oni in New Biistcin, N. H., .May 17, 17!t'.l. He is the son of William and Rachel (Poland) Doilgc. His father was a farmer, and the boyhood of Mr. Dodge was spent on the farm until his sixteenth year. He then fitted for college, and finally graduated at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., in the class of 1824. He chose the law as his profession, and studied with Titus Brown, of Frances- town, and Xehemiah Eastman, of Farringlon, N. H. ( )ctober, 1827, he was admitted to the bar, and began ])ractice with bis I'ormer instructor, Titus Brown, at Francestown and New Boston. This co|iartnership was continued until 1832, in March of which year Mr. Doilge removed to Amherst, N. II., wliere he now re- sides at the advanced age of eighty -six years. He conliiiued the practice of law at .\niherst until IS.'ii), when, in October of that year, he was appointed clerk of the courts of Hillsborough County, the mulliform iluties of which position he faithfully dischargeil until March, 1857. He then returned to the |)i'actice of his profession, which he has conliiiued to the present 36 HISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. time, though for the past few years he has practically retired from the active duties of the profession. Mr. Dodge has been a wise and safe counselor and a suc- cessful practitioner, and is regarded as one of the old- est and most honored members of the New Hampshire bar. In 1837 he was elected as representative from Am- herst to the General Court, and again in 1853 and 1854 he was re-elected to the same position. Was chairman of the committee on banks in 1853, and of railroads in 1854. It may be stated, as a remarkable fact, that Mr. Dodge has attended every court of record in Hills- borough County since his admission to the bar, and during all the years he was clerk of the court, he took every verdict from the jury except one (and that omission was occasioned by his illness). Mr. Dodge is a calm, dignified, plain-spoken man, of clear judg- ment and comprehensive intelligence ; conservative in his views, yet in hearty sympathy with whatever in his judgment tends to the elevation of the mental or moral tone of the community in which he lives, or of mankind in general. In politics he has always been a Democrat. He married. May 31, 1831, Harriet, daughter of Hon. Peter Woodbury, of Francestown, and sister of the Hon. Levi Woodbury. Their children were, — Perley Woodbury, born March 28, 1839, married Sophia E. Phelps, August 13, 1863, and resides in Amherst. They have one child, Charles Perley, born September 3, 1864, now a *udent at Sherburn Falls, Mass. Charles William, born September 4, 1842, married, first, Rebecca C. Christy, of New Boston, September 4, 1869. She died January 2, 1873. He married, second, Lelia J. Small, March 11, 1878. She died April 4, 1885, in Amherst. They have one child liv- ing, Martha Belle, born July 10, 1882. Maurice Whipple, born July 31, 1881, died June 25, 1883. JIartha W., born June 25, 1846, married James B. Whipple, of New Boston, June 25, 1877, and died July 21. 1881. Hon. Aaron Flint Sawyer was born April 24, 1780, at Westminster, Mass. He was educated at Dartmouth, from which college he was graduated in 1804. He practiced law for many years at Mont Vernon, N. H., and removed to Nashua about 1828, and there followed his profession until his death, Jan- uary 4, 1847. An able lawyer, he was longa conspic- uous man in the community, and represented Na.shua in the Lower House of the State Legislature in 1847, the year of his death. He was a gentleman of the old school, with some not uni)leasant eccentricities arising from the strong positivenesa of his nature ; a kind- hearted and cheerful individual, he was a good citizen, an excellent neighbor and a strong friend. He was an eminent Christian, and for years a zealous worker and teacher in the Congregational Sabbath-school. He married, August 20, 1811, Hannah Locke, grand- daughter of Rev. Samuel Locke, D.D., president .of Harvard College from 1770 to 1773. Of their children, two have attained eminence in the legal profession ; the oldest, Samuel L., now of Independence, Mo., has been for a long time a leading member of the bar of that State and a circuit judge for many years. He has also been a member of Congress. Aaron W., his third child, occupied an equally honorable and dis- tinguished place at the New Hampshire bar. Hon. Aaron Worcester Sawyer ' w;is born in Mont Vernon, Hillsborough County, N. H., October 11, 1818, and died in Nashua, N. H., August 23, 1882. He was the sou of H(m. Aaron F. and Hannah (Locke) Sawj-er. His father was a man of liberal education, a lawyer by profession, a gentleman of the old school, a man of warm and generous impulses, a devoted and active Christian. His mother was Hannah Locke, a granddaughter of Rev. Samuel Locke, D.D., the president of Harvard College from 1770 to 1773. Mrs. Sawyer was a woman of strong and marked character, of much refinement and excellent judgment, and the moral and intellectual qualities of Judge Sa^^'J'er bore the strong impress of his mother's character and training. The first few years of Judge Sawyer's life were passed in Mont Vernon, from which place his father removed, about 1828, to Nashua. He was educated at the public schools of Nashua, and the academies of Hancock, Derry and Nashua. During the years which he devoted to the study of the law, and, in fact, before he entered upon its study, com- meucing at an early age, he taught the winter terms of the district schools in neighboring towns. This was an occupation in which he took great enjoyment and in which, pursued for eight or ten years, he acquired an exceptional and deserved popularity. In this pur- suit he exhibited a diligence, patience and thorough- ness which marked the character of the man, while he drew to himself the friendship of his pupils and their patrons with a strength and warmth which remained through life. He was admitted to the bar in 1844, and in 1846 began the practice of the law in Nashua. From that time until 1872 his professional career was continuous, uninterrupted and successful. Ciminiencing with a love of business and fondness for legal lore, his practice was marked by a wonderful patience of research in its profound depths, an unflinching courage in the ad- vancement and presentation of his views, and an un- swerving fidelity to his client and his cause. He was no machine lawyer, ready at all times to try, but inditferent to results; nor did he prostitute his profes- sion to speculative purposes, unprofessional in char- acter. His presentation to court and jury was earnest, vigorous, persuasive and convincing, and, on occasions, eloquent. The natural tendency of his mind was at once mathematical and logical. His memory was ' Chiefly condensed from a memorial addren by General Aaron F. Stevens before BilUborough County bar. ./ (^C^u-t^^^ \ I THE BENCH AND BAR. 37 fresh and retentive, his knowledge of human nature accurate and profound, and in his appreciation of the individual man, he was seldom, if ever, deceived. Those who have been a.ssociated with or opposed to him will agree that when putting forth liis whole strength, — bringing all his resources to bear upon the contention of the hour, — his power was wonderliil, and his success alnmst certain. In 1848, Mr. Sawvor formed a copartnei-sliip with Hon. Charles U. Atherton, one of the most eminent men of New Hampshire, a connection which continued till the death of the latter, in November, 1S53. From that time he pursued the practice of his profession alone until April, 18-)8, when he formed a professional connection with (ieneral Aaron F. Stevens, which continued for more than a quarter of a century. Mr. Sawyer was a positive man, with fixed and distinct idea.s and opinions. He had, withal, a spirit of independence, which led him sometimes to grow im])atient of the restraints of organizations and the behests of party discipline; but in his loyalty of con- victiiin of what wa.s demanded for the welfare of his country he was never known to fail. He was a warm and ardent patriot, and met with alacrity the call ol the Governor for financial aid, when the first warlike note of tiie Rebellion fell upon the ear of New Hamp- shire. Eminently fitted as he was for public station, the allurements of ambition neverdrcw him from the more congenial comforts and joys of home or the ardent pursuit of professional duty and success. A small measure of public fame satisfied a mind well fitted to correct the vagaries of politics, and to te.st the genu- ineness and value of human pretension. I Mr. Sawyer held all imi)ortant bjcal offices of his ' town and city, served as Representative and Senator 1 in the State Legislature, and from 1867 until July, 1876, he held tiie office of register in bankruptcy. On the 22d of July, 1876, he received from Governor Cheney his commission as associate justice of the Supreme Court, but failing health obliged him to resign iiis office within two years. In all tlie public trusts to which he waa called, strength of character 1 and fidelity of purpose marked his administration. I Mr. Sawyer married, first, Mary Frances Ingalls, of New York City ; second, Fanny, daughter of Francis and Almira (Stetson) Winch, of Nashua, Septeml)er 12, 18')0. Tlicir children were Fanny Ingalls (ing the substance of a case, and presenting it in a clear, logical manner, commanded the respect ol' both court and bar, and gave him a high professional rejiutation. In the early part of his jjrofessional career Mr. Stevens was for five years solicitor of Hillsborough County. The absence of the attorney-general ordi- narily imposed upon Mr. Stevens the duties of prose- cuting officer for that large county, thus bringing him into professional conflict with the most adroit and experienced practitioners, furnishing a rigorous test of his resources, and contributing essentially to his early distinction as a lawyer. He subsecjuently en- tered into a professional i>artnerslii|i with Hon. Aaron W. Sawyer, an old schoolmate and townsman. Mr. Stevens entered ui)on active political life as a Whig, and followed the fortunes of that party with unswerving fidelity as long as it had an existence. His first effort in the political arena was in the mem- orable campaign of 1840. He was a member of the last Whig Convention in Baltimore in 1852. In 1849 he was a member of the State Legislature, represent- ing Nashua, and again in 1854, when the Democracy, after an unparalleled contest, was defeated in the Legislature and overthrown in the State. He was again a member of the Legislature in 1850 and 1857. His candor, judgment and forecast, united with dig- nity, clearness and condensation as a debater, gave him a commanding infiuence in the House, and justly made him one of the most popular speakers in the State. In the Whig party he belonged to that portion who were strong in their anti-slavery convic- tions, and he carried those ideas with him into the Republican organization, of which he was an early and leading member in New Hampshire. When, at the outbreak of the Rebellion, a call was made for men to defend the capital, Mr. Stevens was. oue of the first to ofi'er his services, and on April 29th was commissioned by the Governor as major of the First New Hampshire (three months') Regiment of Infan- try. The regiment reached Washington, took jiart in the movement to Harper's Ferry, but was engaged in no battle. Returning home with his regiment, he resumed the practice of his profession ; but the next year was, by the unsolicited tender of the Governor, commissioned as colonel of the Thirteenth Regiment of New- Hampshire Volunteers. He i)romptly organized hi& command and led to the field a superb regiment^ made up of men from seven of the ten counties of the State. There was probably no regiment in the war of greater intelligence and high soldierly qualities. Among the names inscribed on the standard of this gallant regiment are : Fredericksburg (its first battle), Suffolk, Swift Creek, Drury's Bluti; Cold Harbor, Battery Five, Petersburg and Battery Harrison, in all of which battles their colonel shared the conflict with them. During the siege of Petersburg, in 1864, Col- onel Stevens commanded a brigade. In the assault on Fort Harrison, September 29th, he fell severely wounded at the head of his regiment and brigade. He remained upon the spot, close to the fort, till the colors of his command were planted upon the cap- tured parapet and the victory won. In December following he was breveted brigadier-general. The official records of the war, as well as his companions- in-arms, bear witness to his courage as a soldier and his coolness and skill as a commander. Having closed his military career and resumed the practice of his profession, General Stevens was, in December, 1866, unanimously nominated for Congress. In March, 1867, he took his seat as a Representative in the Fortieth Congress. He served in that Con- gress on the naval committee, and the "Treatment of Union Prisoners." Having been re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, he again served on the naval committee, and the committee on patents. During his Congressional service (ieneral Stevens did not often address the House in formal sjieeches. Hia chief efforts were given to the Investigations of the committee room. But he occasionally spoke on na- tional subjects. The vital national interests which were identified with the |)olitical struggle in 1868 called forth from him a well-considered speech in the House in February of that year, in which he pre- sented the subject of reconstruction in its essential features. He also made a short but terse argument in favor of the impeachment of Andrew .Johnson, in which he paid a merited tribute to the great war minister, Edwin M. Stanton. In February, 1870, he addressed the House on "Grant and the Administra- tion," in which he fully sustained the policy nf the THE BENCH AND BAR. 39 President and denounced repudiation and the expan- sion of the currency. After the close of the Forty-first Congress, General Stevens again gave his attention to professional busi- ness. In June, lS7ii, ho lacked but two votes of being the Republican candidate for United States Senator — the nomination being equivalent to an election. In 18G1 he married Miss Adelaide M. Johnson, of Lynn, Mass., an educated and accomplished woman. For several years they have passed their winters in Florida, having an orange grove on the River St. Johns, three miles north of Palatka. General Stevens' home, however, is at Xiushua. Aside from his well-known ability as a lawyer, his graceful manner and fluency of utterance make him welcome on all public occiisions in New Hampshire. Besj.\.mix M. Farley, .son of Benjamin and Lucy (Fletcher) Farley, and grandson of Lieutenant Sam- uel Farley, one of the first settlers of Hollis, was born April 8, 1783, in that part of Hollis afterwards set oft' to Brookline. Mr. Farley prepared for college at the academy in New Ipswich ; graduated at Harvard Col- lege in 1804; read law with Hon. Abijah Bigelow in Leominster, JIass. ; admitted to the bar and settled in his profession in Hollis in 1808, and continued to re- side in Hollis till 18o.5, when he removed to Boston. Upon being established in his profession he soon rose to a high rank in it, and for many years he had no superior at the Hillsborough bar, of which he was for several years president. He died September IG, 1S65« Samuel T. Wokcester, son of Jesse and Sarah (Parker) Worcester, born August 30, 1804, prepared for college at the academies in Pembroke, N. H., and Andover, Mass., and graduated at Harvard College in 1830. After leaving college, taught an academy for one year at Weymouth, Mass., and also for one year at Cambridge. Read law in the office of Hon. B. M. Farley, in Hollis, and also at the Law School in Cam- bridge ; settled in his profession in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1835, and continued in the practice of the law in that place till the summer of 1867, when he removed to Nashua, N. H., where he still resides (1879). May 13, 1835, married Mary F. C. Wales, daughter of Samuel Wales, Esq., of Stoughton, Mass., who de- ceased at Na.shua, April 29, 1874. Was a member of the Ohio Senate in the years 1849 and 1850; elected district judge of the Tenth Ohio Judicial District in October, 1859, and while ludding that office was elected a member of the United States Congress in the spring of 18(11. Publications: 1831, "Sequel to the Spelling-Book ;" 1833, "American Primary Spell- ing-Book ;" 1871, revised editions of " Worcester's Comprehensive and Primary Dictionaries;" 1871, '• Old and Now ; or, the School Systems of Ohio and New Ham])shir(! compared." He died Dec. 5, 1882. Joseph W. Fellows, son of John and P(dly Hilton Fellows, was born at Andover, N. II., January 15, 1835. He was educated in the district schools of his na- tive town and at the Andover Academy. He entered Dartmouth College in July, 1854, and graduated in 1858. He taught school in Bradford and Concord, N. H., and in Upton, Mass., during his college term. He was also a teacher in the Brownwood Institute, in La Grange; also, the Marietta Academy, in Marietta, Ga., in 1859-(50. He studied law in the office of Hon. John M. Shirley, of Andover, and of Pike & Barnard, of Franklin, N. H., and subsequently graduated from the Albany (X. Y.) L'niversity Law Department, class of 1801. He was admitted to the l)ar in August, 1801, and commenced the practice of the law in Manchester in 1862, where he has since resided. He was appointed judge of the Police Court of Manchester in 1874, and resigned the i)osition in 1875. Judge Fellows was elected clerk of the Con- cord Railroad corporation in 1873, and was re-elected each year until 1884. He hits been one of the trus- tees of Proctor Academy, at Andover, and of the Unitarian Educational Society of New Hampshire since its organization. Politically, Judge Fellows is a Democrat and an able and fearless exponent of the principles of that party. In religious matters he is a Unitarian of the liberal class. Although in the active practice of an arduous pro- fession. Judge Fellows has found time to indulge his i taste in literary pursuits and has prei>ared many life sketches of his neighbors and friends, and in this branch of literary labor is not easily surpassed. He has also given much attention to the Masonic history of Manchester, and the able article which appears in this work is from his pen. Judge Fellows is a i>romi- nent and active member of the Masonic fraternity and has been through all grades and held nniny posi- tions. Judge Fellows has been twice married — first, to Miss Frances Moore, who died in 1874, and second, to Mrs. Lizzie B. Davis, October 8, 1878. JiiMiEs oi" Probate. — The Ibllowing is a list of the judges of Probate for the county of Hillsborough from 1784 to the ])resent time: Jonjitlmn Dlanchttnl, trom IIM to 178!i ; Siuiiiicl Dniin, from 1789 lu IT'.lS; KIwMi'Zer Clmmpncy, from Folirimr)' V.i, I'm, to Miiy, ISlll; Tllf- toii Clnggolt, fn)in lull to IS12 ; .loljn llnrrla, fixim AiikiisI 111, ISI'2, to ixi); Clifton CliigK<-tl, Aiigmt 5, I8il, to Jiimiar.v Jii, 1829; Kilwnnl l>iirkiT, from 1820 to 183,'); Liiko WoiHlliiiry, from 18:t;i to 18.M ; Wlllliim 0. Cliirko, from Soptombcr 8, 18fil, to July III, IK-'iO ; Diivlil Cnws from July 14, 18.'.6, to Juno Itn, 1874; Luclon B, flough, from July 14, 1874, to July 'ii, I87ii ; Ui'iiry K. Uiiriiliiin, from July i'l, 1871., to Jiim> :i, 18"'.l ; Eiliviinl E. PurkiT, Jun.j :l, 187!i, prm- unt ilirllll)lK!llt, Charles Henry BfitN.s' was liorn in Mill'md, N. H., January 19, 1835, of good old New Englaml stock, which on both sides had been prominent in that town from its earliest settlement. 1 By B. M. Wn'luco. 40 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. On his father's side he descended from that Scotch- Irish race which has given to New Hampshire and New England so many able men. His ancestry on his father's side is as follows : 1. John Burns, of Scotch origin, born in 1700; came to America from north of Ireland in 1736; set- tled in Milford, N. H., in 1746; died in Jlilford, N. H., in 1782. 2. Thomas, seventh child and third son of John. It is not yet known where or when he was born, but he was probably born in Milford. The date of his death, which occurred at Milford, is also unknown to the writer. He was, however, not far from eighty years of age when he died. He married Elizabeth Hartness, of Lunenburg, Mass. 3. Samuel, si.xth child and third son of Thomas and Elizabeth, born at Milford, September 17, 1779, died at Milford, September 20, 1817. He was select- man in Milford from the age of twenty-one for ten years. He was a strong man and died of brain fever. His funeral was the largest ever held in Milford. He married Abigail Jones, February 12, ISOl. She was a woman of great strength of mind and of most excellent character. 4. Charles A., fourth child and second son of Sam- uel and Abigail Burns, was born at Milford, January 19, 1809, and died of fever at Milford, January 25, 18.i7. He married, December 31, 1833, Elizabeth Hutchinson, of Milford. They were both people of the highest character and well known for their intel- ligence and worth. 5. Charles H., son of Charles A. and Elizabeth, born at Milford, January 19, 1835; married Sarah N. Mills, January 19, 1856, at Milford. They have four living children, — Charles A. Burns, Bessie Burns tiregg, Blanch Burns and Ben. E. Burns. Tlicy have buried one son, Arthur H. Burns, aged twenty years, and three infant children. On his mother's side, who wa.s a Hutchinson, he is of English de-scent, and we here give a somewhat extended record of that old family. The antiquity of the Hutchinson family in England is very great, and was represented by Barnard Hutchinson, of Cowlan, in the county of York, in 1282. He was denominated esijuire, and his wife was the daughter of John Bagville, one of the oldest fam- ilies of Yorkshire. They had children, — John, Rob- ert and Mary. 1. Richard was a direct descendant from John, the heir of Cowlan ; was born in England, and married, December 7, 1627, Alice Bosworth. He resided at North Markham, and about the year 1635 emigrated, with liis family, to New England. The earliest men- tion made of him in this country is found in the town records of Salem, Mass., in 1636, when the town made him a grant of land. In 1637 the town made hiin an additional grant of twenty acres, "provided he would set up a plough." In 1654 and 1660 further grants were made. The land was situated in the vicinity of Hathorn's Hill and Beaver Brook, which now runs through the town of Middlesex into the Ipswich River. He died about 1662. 2. Joseph, son of Richard, was born in England in 1633, and came with his father to New England and settled u|)on a portion of his father's estate, which was conveyed to him in 1666. 3. Benjamin, .son of Joseph, died 'Ji 1733. He mar- ried Jane, daughter of Walter and Margaret Phillips. He married, second, January 26, 1714, Abigail Foster. Eleven children by Jane. 4. Benjamin, son of Benjamin, born at Salem, Janu- ary 27, 1693. He wa."* a man of large wealth. He married, February 7, 1715, Sarah, daughter of John and Mary (Nurse) Tarbell. Seven children. 5. Nathan, son of Benjamin, baptized February 10, 1717. He was a farmer, and remained with his father at Bedford, Mass., until 1734, thence to Amherst (now Milford), where he died January 12, 1795 ; mar- ried Rachel Stearns ; si.x^ children. He was one of the first settlers in the territory of Milford. 6. Nathan, son of Nathan, born in Amherst (now Milford), February, 1752, died December 26, 1831. He was a farmer. Married, 1778, Rebecca Peabody, daughter of William and Rebecca (Smith) Peabody. She was born January 2, 1752, died February 25, 1826; seven children. 7. Abel, son of Nathan and Rebecca, born at Milford, August 8, 1795, died February 19, 1846 ; married, Janu- ary 22, 1816, Betsey, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Bartlett. She was born in Amherst (now Milford), October 26, 1796, died at Milford, August 23, 1873; nine children. 8. Elizabeth, daughter of Abel and Betsey, born at Milford, June 18, 1816, now living; married, Decem- ber 31, 1833, Charles A. Burns; nine children. 9. Charles H., son of Elizabeth and Charles A., etc. Betsey Bartlett, wife of Abel, was also a descendant of the first Richard, througii Joseph, third son of Joseph (first). The three races above named — Burns, Bartlett and Hutchinson — are of the highest character and respectability. This is also true of the Peabodys. Mr. Burns spent his early years upon his father's farm, and there developed that strength and good constitution with which he is so admirably e^.A^, lA-yV^^i^ II THE BENCH AND BAIL 4Ua New Hampshire bar. In January, IS")!), Mr. Burns fommenceil the practice' of the law at Wilton, N. H., where he ha.s since resided, although of late years his extended practice through Hillsborough County and the State luis necessitated the removal of his office to Nashua. He commenced his professional labors, as every young man must who has no one to rely upon but himself, with the smaller and more ordinary kinds of legal work; but by slow degrees he has risen, until to- day he is one of the most successful lawyers in New Hami)shire, and his practice includes the highest order of eases. Mr. Burns, although a good lawyer in all the brauches of his profession, especially excels as an advocate. His advocacy is of a high order. He is what most of our lawyers, and public speakers even, are not, a natural orator. The whole bent and incli- natiou of his mind has, from his earliest years, always been in this direction. He has given himself a thor- ough training and practice at the bar, on the stump and on all those varied occasions when a public speaker is called upon to address the people. This natural talent, thus trained, has made him a clear-cut, incisive and polished orator, who never fails to hold and impress his audience. It can be said of him, what can be said of very few men, he excels in advocacy and general oratory. His arguments before juries best illustrate his power as a speaker, while his public addresses exhibit his peculiar charm its an orator. As an advocate he ranks among the first in the New Hampshire bar. As an ora- tor he compares favorably with our best pul)lic speak- ers. He has held various important oflices in the line of his profession. In I87<) he was appointed by Governor Cheney county solicitor for Hillsborough County, and W!Ls subseiiueiiliy re-elected twice tublican. His father, Charles A. Burns, was an active and prominent anti-slavery worker in that little hand of anti-slavery agitators which existed in Milford. Young Burns when a boy was brought in contact with such men as Parker Pi'll.sbury, Wendell Phillips, William Lh.yd (iarrisiin and Fred Douglass, and imbibed the senti- ments with which they were animatcath to Am- moscceg Falls.' And another road wiis )uid out at the sanu- time inter- secting tbo ' Ammosceeg road,' for the accommodation of other sections of the town. This undertaking of building u road some ten miles through tlie wilderness, in the infancy of tlnit colony, shows of how 1 " Our fathers treasured the slimy prize : They loved the eel a* their vcrj' eyes : And of one 'tia said, with a tilander rife, Fur a string of eels ho sold his iri/« / '* From the eels they formed thoir food in chief, And eels wore called ^ berryjiclil bet/! ' And llie marks of eels were so plain to tnice, That the children looked like eels in the ftice ; And before thoy walked, it is well confirmed, Thnt the children never crept, but $qHinnetL *' Such a mighty power did the sijuirmers wield O'er the gowUy men of old l>«'rryfield, It was often wiitl that their only ran*. And their tinly wish, and their only prayer, For the prcwnt world and the world to come, Was a ttrimj of etU and ajtnj of ttnn .'" —-Ertrac'/'Om ponn by WiUiun Stark, re.nl ut the centeiiuia' cr!,l,niii:,t o/ Manchetter m 1851. great importance the 'fishing at Ammosceeg' was considered by the people of Londonderrj' ; ami it was natural that they should be strenu- ous in niaintjiining their claim tu th<- lands adjacent. Accordiuijly, we- find their claim to the lands and the subject of the fisheries connected with them matters acted upon in their town -meetings at an eaily date. As early OS 1720 people had moved upon these hinds probably for tlie purpose of holding them for ?Iiiss;ichnsetts she claiming to a hue three miles east of the Merrimack by her charter. This was a serious matter fur the people of Londonderry, and in the warrant for a town-meeting beariup date January S, 17;iU-31, there was the following article : "'lltbly. To ;*ee whether tbey will allow a Lawyer to be consulted almut those persons that are settling at Ammosceeg.' And at the meet- ing this article was thus disposed of, — *' 'lltbly. Voted that they are willing to leave the consulting of a law- yer about the settlement that is carried on at Ammosceeg to thf select- men and committee that is appointed for the defence of the propriety.' "It is not known what action was taken by theseleetmen and committee \ipon the matter ; but it is to l>e inferred, as the records are silent ufKin the subject, that no legal action was taken at that time. The peojile from Massachusetts continued to occupy the lands in this neighbuihood at in- tervals, and it is probable that wnne of them IkkI a continuous occupa- tion from this time under the authority of their government. Under such circumstances it is probable that after 'consulting a lawyer,' the people of Londonderry concluded to take quiet possession of the laud and wait the result of the hearing about to be bad in Kngland as to the claims of Massacbusetts. That the people of Londonderry continued in control of the business here is shown by the records of the following year, wherein is found the warmnt, one article of wliich reads thus, — " ' 4thly. To see whether they will beat the expense of twn canoos to be kept at Ammosceeg for the safety of the people at the fishing.' "On the day of the meeting, April 22, 1731, the following action was had on the 4th article : '* '4ihly. That in ordor to the safety of our town's people at the fishing at Ammosceeg tbo selectmen is empowered to allow and jwy out of the public charge or rates of the town three pounds in Bills of credit tosuch pereou or jiersons as shall be obliged to make two good sutficient canoos^ the selectmen obliging the aforesaid undertakers to serve the Inhabi- tants of the town the whole tirue fishing before any out town's ]>eople, and shall not exceed one sliill pr hundred for all the fish that they shall ferry over from the Islands and the owner of the tish and his attendants is to be ferried backwards and forwards at free cost." The whites took the fish with spears, scoop-nets and seines, and in large quantities; so that people coming from the surrounding country with tlieir wagons and carts could get them tilled sometimes for the carting the shad away, to make room for the sal- mon, and always for a mere trifling price. Immense quantities of shad were taken at one haul or drag of the seine. The Xeiv Hampshire Gazette of ^lay 23, 1760, has the following item under its editorial head : " One day last week, was drawn by a net at one Draught, Two Thou- sand Five hundred odd Shad Fish, out of the River Merrimack near Bed- ford, in this Province. Thought remarkable by some people." Among the namesgiven to the various fishing-places were the following: Eel Falls, Fire Mill, Todd Gut, Russ Kay's Hnokinjr-Flace, S(»uth Gut, Thompson Place, Watching Falls, Little Fulpit, Mudget Place, Slash Hole, Point Rock, Black Rock, Swine's Back, Snapping-Place, Pulpit, Racket's Stand, Sullivan's Point, Crack in the Rock, Bat Place, Dalton Place, Pupi)y Trap, Pot Place, Patten Rock, Setting Place, MapU* Stump. The (_'olt, Salmon Rock, Eel Trap, Salmon (iut, Mast Rock. MANCHESTER. 4a CHAPTER II. MANCHESTER. {Continued,) The JVenc-h ami Imlian War — A Fort Built — Xuines of Soldiers from Derrjfield — Captain GufTe and Others— DerrjlU-lii Men at Crown I'oint ; also at Fort Williuin Henry— War uf the Kwolutioii — First Action of tho Town— Derryftpld Men at Lexinjjion — Names of Kovolutionary Soldiers — M^jor-General John Stark— Sketch of His Life — Buri;il- Place. DuRiXG the French and Indian War, which began in 1746, the settlers of Amoskeag took an active part and a fort was erected at the outlet of wliat is now Nutl's Pond. Tlicre were soldiers from this town also in the French war in 1755. this locality sending three companies. These were commanded by Captains Goffe and Moor, of Derryfield, and the other by Cap- tain Rogers, of what is now Dunbarton. The roll of Captain Gofie was as follows : John Gofle, captain ; Samuel Moor, lieuteiiaut ; Nathiiiiio] Martain, ^nrign ; Jonathan C<^rliti, sergeant; Jonas H;LStin^, i^er^ea lit ; John Goffe, Jr., sergeant ; Thomas Merrill, clerk ; Samuel Martuin, corporal : John Ttluor, corponil ; Joshua Martjtiii. corjH^nil ; Benjamin Eastman, corporal; Benjamin Kidder, dnimmer; Joseph (ieorgc, John Bedell, Benjamin Iliulley, Thomas George, Israel Young, Josiah Ituwell, Wil- liam Kelloy, Jo8eph Merrill, Daniel Corlis, ElienezerCoston, Paniel Mar- tain, .Tacoh Silliway, Stephen Georgo, David Xutt, Robert Xntt, Ohadiah Hawe«, Pavid WiHson, William Ford, Aaron Quinby, Nathan Howard, Thomas McLaughlin, John Littell, William McDugal, Itobert Holmes, John Wortly, Benjamin Vickery, William B:irr<>n, Nutlianiel Smith, WiBiam Wnlker, David Welch, Caleb Daultuu, Jamew Potters, Aaron CoppH, Jacob Jewell, Ebpiiezer Martuin, John Harwood, Atrmziah liil- dreth, John Kidder, John Itowell and Thomna Wortly. Captain Moor's roll was as follows : Jolin Moor, captain ; Antony Knuiry, lieutenant ; Alexander Todd, ensign : Matthew Rend, nergoant ; Thomas Read, serfioant ; James SIiMir, sergeant ; William Spear, sergeant ; E/ekiel St«ol, corporal ; Sam- «el McDnffy, cori>i)niI ; J'dm Rickey, corporal ; John Spear, corporal ; Ro)>erl Cochran, Thouphalas Harvey, Barber Lcsly, William Cumpble, JamcH Onail, Robert Tawddlo, John McConly, Tlmmns Gregg, Joshua BowlingH, Thomas Ilutchings, Rnbert Edwards, Edward Cariis, Alexan- der McClarj, Roliert Smith, David Vance, Robert Kennade, Robert -Mc- Keen, James Bean, .Tohn Cunningham, Samuel Boyde, John Crage, James Oughtcn>on, Micliatd Johnsi*n, John Logan, Robert Morrel, .Tohn McXight, John Welcli, Jumeis Ligget, John Mitchel, Daniel Toword, Esa Stevens, I^Iark Care (or Kary,) Samuel Miller, Edward Bean, Wil- liam Konniston, James Bah-y, Natliani*>l McKary. The following, mostly from this neighborhood, were at the battle of Lake George, and were subsequently ktiown as the " Riingers:*' Robert Rogei>, captJiin ; Richard Rogci-s, llcutonnnt ; Noah Jotinson, onnign ; James ArcliDraM, sergeant; John McCiinly, sorgeanl ; James McNeal, cori)oral ; Nathaniel Johnsi^m, corporal ; John SUchol, Isaac Cotton, Jamext Henr>-, James Clark, Timothy Hodsdasc, John Wtullelgh, Steplittn Voiing, Jonhna TKwoikI, James Adlson, Jonathan Silaway, John Brown, Klisha Bennett, Rowling Foster, James Grim*, James 3Irir- gan, Jiiines Welch, 3Iat!how Christopher, .lames Simonds, Charles Dud- ley, John KiM-r, Juhn llartmun, John Frost, James Mars, Samuel Letch, David Nult, William McKeon, Nathaniel Smith, I'lillip Wills, William Cunnlngliam, William Aker. Ji)lin l.'ilon, Wi Ilium Whetder, Simon Toby, Beiijiimin Sipiunlon, I'ileh Simimm, I'iller Mabatilon. A regitnpMt of New Hampshire men was raised for the oxjx'diti "ii to Crown Point in 175fi, of whirh John Goffe was ma or. The company from this hicality \\as as foil iws : Nat)iaui<-I Martim. tieutemuit ; Thomas Morrel. second lieutenant ;John GofTo, Jr., ensign; Siunuel Murrain, sergeant; Joseph Eiirard, James SlcCuuglilin, Ebenezer Ord- way, Isajic Walker, James Peters, Jacob Sawyer, Daniel Flanders, Daniel Emerson, William Barron. Timothy Barron, Andrew Stone, Caleb Emury„ /ebediuh Karuuiti, Luther Morpin, Joseph Pudney, John ^IcLaughtiD,. ' John Redder, Caleb Daulton. The following company of Derryfiold men were at the siege of Fort William Henry : Richard Emnr>', captain; Nathaniel Martain, tii-st Ijenteiiant ; i'al- lata Russell, second lieutenant ; Jnhn Mome, ensign ; l>arby Kelley, sergeant ; Joseph Pearsons, sergeant; Benjamin Kidder, Sr., sergeant ; John Little, sergeant; Caleb Emary, Sr., coriwral ; Robert Munlock, corporal; Micajah Wynn, corporal ; John Hutchenson, corporal ; George Borrj', drummer; Josiah Bean, Jonatlian Prescutt, Benjamin Roberts, John Moore, Joseph Whicherwued, James Dunhip, Edward Bean, Wil- liam Batchelder, Edward Critchet, Joseph Hllhiyerd, Ebenezer Hutchen- son, Samuel Hardie, Heniy Hutchenson, Joseph Ekerson, Jouathaa Melcher, Samuel Ring. Elijah Ring, Hezekiah Swaine, William Towle, Joseph Web:^ter, Juhn Burnes, Jonathan Corlis, Jr., Asa Corlis, James Clougti, Caleb Daulton, Caleb Emary, Jr., Daniel Emei-sun, John Grif- fin, John CJordeu, Thonms George, Thomas Kennady, Robert Kennndy» Benjamin Kiddor, Jr., John Kidder, William McDugall, (for B. Linkfield), John Merrill, James I'atterson, Benjamin Pettingai, Ezekiol Stevens,. James Titconib, Leonard Blanchard, Timothy Barron, M'ilHam Butter- field, James BIcCalley. Samuel Gilison, Thomas Lancey, Josiah Parker, Sinmn McQuestin, Peter Bussell, Samuel Chase, John Davis, Benjamin Davia.'William Hutchenson, David Parker, Henry Parker, William Sil- laway, .lolin Webster, (for 1). Allen), William I'roiij^lit, La/arus Rowe, Daniel Darling, Stejihen Gilman, Tristram Ouimby, John Sandburnc, Gideon Young, Samuel Young, Stephen Webster, Solomon Prescutt, Thomas Parker, Ceasar Nero, John Corlis, David Nuti, Ebenezer Coar- ston, Moses Chase, John Slell, Jacob Bridgham, Patrick Clark. The first vote of the town in relation to the War ol the Revolution wiis under date of January 2, 1775, when it was voted to call a meeting on the 10th of the same month, — '*21y. To see if the town will chose a man or men as Deputies to go to Exeter the 2oth Day of January Instant, in Behalf of Siiid town in or- der to meet with the Deputies from the Neighboring Towns in said Province." At this meeting it was "Voted on the second article, not to send a man to Exeter, but that the Selectmen sond a Lctler to said Exeter, anetterthat the siiid town will bear their Eiiual piMportion of money that i-hall here- after arise towards paying the cost of the General Congress, as any other town in the Pn)vince," There were thirty-four men from Derryfield in the battle of Lexington, and there were but thirty-six men in the entire town ra|)able of bearin-r arms. The names of the soldiers have not been jirocurcd, but the subjoined tax-list of Oerryfield lor I77o sliows that a large majority of the tax-i)ayers wcivof the volunteers: £ ». d. q. "Conl. John Goffo 19 4 John Rand, Va(\t 13 H 31iu. John Moors 3 13 6 *2 Ensin. Samuel Moors 10 It 2 James mc Night ft Capt. Nalhanii-l Morton 3 6 William Nult 9 9 2 Timothy Mcrtiou 3 Jidin Griffen 10 6 6 John GrilTen, Junr 3 Bxiitamlti Rp.k. I, .0802 44 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. £ 8. d, q. Benjamin liaker, Junr 3 Johaurttlmii Merrcll U 5 2 Ji'iwe Bakor 3 (» Joseph Gorge 10 2 Abrhiim Merrell 10 'J 2 Abrhaiii Merrell, Junr C 2 David Merrell 3 8 Joseph (iriffen Ezekiel Stavens 11 8 2 Joi^eph fanner 3 Isaac farmer 3 Widow Samh Riis3 4 11 Hubert Clark G 2 John Keay 4 Coal. John Stark 15 David farmer 3 Levt. James mc Galley 7 G Eain. Samuel Stark G 10 2 Robert me- Night 3 David nic Night 3 G DaiQel Blodget, Litchfield 1 Joshua liloilget, Litchtield 4 4 2 Capt. William Parhaui 10 9 John Parham 10 3 Ebenezer Coster 5 G Charls Eamerson 10 5 CbarlsEamersou, Junr 3 6 Gorge Eamerson 4 G John Har%'ey 19 2 2 William Parham, Junr 10 3 Micheal mc Clintock 4 4 2 James Pairces 8 11 Capt. Alexander mc Murphey 12 4 Benjmen Crombie ... 7 o Moses Crombio 3 G Esin. Samuel Boyd 8 3 2 E«in. Natheniel Boyd C 3 Widow Margaret Boyd 5 1 2 John Dickey 8 2 William Gemblo 11 2 2 Robert Cuuingham O 4 2 David Starret ii 11 4 John Hall 7 3 2 Daniel Hall 8 2 Sergl. Ebnezer Stivne 9 7 2 Hugh thompson 3 10 Benjmen Pilslmry 3 6 Ihouuw Xunian ... 3 I Josep Masten, Bakerstown 8 Jamea Lagon, Londonderry 8 Rubrt mc Clouer, Londonderry- 4 Alexander Irving 3 G Ceaaer Griffon. 4 *' Joseph George,) „, •'Samtel Stahk, j *' Recorded this 24th day of December, 1775. "John Hall, Tomi Clark.'" Stark was at work in his saw-mill, at the head of the Amoskeag Falls, when he heard this news, and without a moment*8 delay he shut down the gate of his mill, repaired to his house, took his gun and am- munition, niouuteil his Ixorse in his shirt-sleeves, as he came from the mill and rode on to meet the enemy. Ashe journeyed on lie left word for volunteers to meet him at Medford, and without delay made the best of his way to Lexington. On his entire route his force continually increased, so that on the following morniiiir, when he arrived at Lexinjrton, he had at his command a large force of "backwoodsmen." The town Committee of Safety, in 1775, consisted of John Harve, Lieutenant James McCalley, Samuel Boyd, Ensign Samuel Moors and John Hall. 'Colony of New Hampshire, etc- -COMMITTEE OF SAFETY. "April 12, 1776. " To the Saleclmen of Derryfield : In order to carry the underwritten re- solve of the Honorable Continental Congress into execution, you are re- quested to deeire all Males, above twenty-one years of age (luuatice, idiots and negroes excepted), to sign the declaration on this paper, and when so done, to make return thereof, together with the name or names of all who shall refuse to sign the same, to the General assembly or Committee of Siifety of this Colony. "31. Weare, Chairman. "In Congress, March 14, 177G. Resolved, That it be recommended to the several Assemblies, Conven- tions and Councils or Committees of Safety of the United States imme- diately to cause all persons to be disarmed, within their respective Colo- nies, who are notoriously disaffected to tho caut^e of America, or who have not associated and refuse to associate to defend by Arms the United ColoDies against the hostile attempts of the British Fleets and Armies. " Extract from the minutes, " Charles Thompson, Secretary. " In consequence of the above Resolution of the Continental Congress, and to show our determination in Joining our American bretliren in de- feuding the lives, liberties and properties of the inhabitants of the United Colonies, We, the Subscribers, do hereby solemnly engage and promise that we will, to the utmost of our power, at the risk of our lives and for- tunes, with arms, oppose the hostile proceedings of the British Fleets and Armies against the United American Colonies." This was signed by the following persons, and duly returned by the selectmen : " John Hall. Thomas Newman. David Merrill. William JlcClintock. John Gofle. Robert Cunningham. Samuel Boyd. Michael McCIintock. David Starret. John I'erham. Benja. Baker. M'illiam Perham. Simon Lull. Jamea Peirse. Abraham MerrilL John Ray. Nathaniol Boyd. Robert Clark. Joseph George. James Gorman. John Grifen. Moses Crombey. Joseph Farmer. John Sloor. William Perham. Ebenezer Stevens. Daniel Hall. John Dickey. John Rand. Alcxr. McJIurphy. Charles Emerson. Benjamin (-'rombie. Ezekiel Stevens. William Nutt. John Harvey. George Greaham. William Gambell. Abraham Merrill. Jonathan Jlerrill. Moses Merrill, .lohn UuBs. Sanuiel Stark. Jesse Baker. James AIcNight, TheotHas Grifin. Joseph Grifin. Hugh Thompson. "Colony of New Hampshire, June Ist, Day, 1770. To tho Hon. Mr, Weare, Cheannan, this is to certify that we the subscribers has I'resented till' Within Declaration to tho Inhabitants of said Town and they Have alle Signed Said Declaration, which we in our Judgment thought had a right to Sign the Same. " Certified by ub, " David Starret, "1 " Ezekiel Stevens, {. Selectmen.'* "John I'erham, ] June 1, 177G, the following persons were in the army from Derryfield : Colonel John Stark, Captain John Moor, Captain James McCalley, Captain Alex- ander McMurphy, Captain Nathaniel Martin, Beii- janiin Baker, Nathaniel Baker, Ebenezer Costor, 'i'iniothy Dow, Samuel Harvey, — more than one fourth of the inhabitants of the town " fit to Bare arms." MANCHESTER. 45 In 1777 a bounty of eight dollars was voted to each man wlio should enlist for a term of three years. The tax-list was as follows : £ >. d. •• Michael McClintock 1 2 10 Mooi-s Merrill 1 2 2 jHnies IVirce 2 19 2 Barber Lesely 1 8 Williaoi Parliam Juuior 2 14 John Hervey 4 9 1 Charles Kmerson 2 I" 4 C'apt. William I'urham 2 IS 6 Levt. John rarhiUM 3 2 Kbenezer Coster 1 1.1 2 Benjamin I'ilsburey 19 6 £nt(iu. Samuel Boyd 2 3 7 Ensin. Katlianicl Boyd 18 2 Widow and William Boyd 1 8 Capt. .\Iexallder McMurphy 3 9 7 Benjamin Crombie 2 2 3 John Dickey 2 8 2 William Gamljoll 3 14 2 Thomas N'ewnmn 1 2 Timothy bow 15 8 James Gorm:in 2 9 7 George Gnliam 18 2 Coazer Griffcn 1 11 1 Alexander Irwing 16 o Jamee Lyon of Londonderry 5 2 William McClintock 3 a John Goffe Junior 1 6 Nathaniel Martain (I 18 2 Ho«eit Crombie 1 4 8 Samuel Morrson 1 10 William Page of Londonderry 2 8 David P'armer 18 2 Hugh Thompson 1 12 6 John Hughs 2 8 2 Joseph Sarirlers 1 3 4 Nathaniel Merrill Ifi 8 Daniel Blodgot, Litchfield 7 10 Colli. John Goffo 3 3 4 John Band, Kinir 1 f. Maj, John 3Iwirc 4 4 C Capt. Samuel Moor 4 7 2 James Mcnight 15 8 William .Nutt 2 13 4 Joseph Griffen 2 14 8 John Griffin 2 4 Benjamin Baker 2 17 2 Joseph George 2 1 Abniham MeiTill 3 1.5 4 Ensin. Abraham Merrill 1 13 2 Ezeklel Staveni 3 12 2 Joseph Farmer 3 10 2 Widow and John Buss 1 13 10 John Bay 9 2 Conl. John Stark 4 19 8 Capt. James Mealley 1 15 2 Eusin. SHHiuel Stark 2 9 4 Joimtluin Merrill 1 7 4 Jeswe Baker Ifi 8 Benjamin Bilker, .lunr 18 2 Nathaniel Baker 15 8 Thoofllas Griftii 18 2 I.«vt. Elwne/er .Stavens 2 17 5 John tJriffen, Jnnr 1 2 1 Levt. John Hall 3 17 8 Daniel Mall 2 4 David Stnrrcl 3 15 7 £132 13 I •' A few months after, the town voted Colonel John Goffe a committee to furnish Robert McNight's fam- ily with proper provisions during his absence in the Continental army, or the family of any other soldier who should need assistance. And the people were equally liberal on other occa- sions when acting individually. Thus, this same year they subscribed most liberally in aid of volunteers, although they had already submitted to a double tax. When the retreat from Ticonderoga was first heard of in this town. Captain Nathaniel Martin, Theophi- lus Griffin, Nathaniel Baker, John Nutt, Enoch Harvey and David Fanner immediately volunteered and marched to Number Four. A contribution was made among the inhabitants for Martin, Griffin and Baker, and £4 10«. were raised. Soon after, when it was seen that an encounter with the British was inevitable in that quarter, and Stark was in need of troops, another contribution was made " to hold on John Nutt, Enoch Harvey, Theophilus Grillin and David Farmer," and £44 10«. were raised, and they " held on " and participated with their neighbors in the glorious battle of Bennington. Tlie following is a list of those subscribing: "The account hereafter Sat Down is money jiayd by liidividiml In- habitants of the Town of Dcrryfield to the Soldiers Raised at Sundry times for Carrin on this unuateral ware from the first of September, 1776, and upwards is as follows : £ s. d. '* Ezekiel Stavins paid to Enoch harvey for going to New York 3 o Capt. Samuel moor & David Starret paid to Na- thaniel Baker do 4 10 Levt. John Parhaiu paid to Timothy martin for ditto 3 £10 * paid by the Sundroy persons hereafter Named to Nathaniel martain, Theophilus Grifnn ic Na- thaniel Baker as volunters wen they went to Noumber four about the retreat from Ty are as followeth : £ William Gamble Eiisn. Samuel Boyd Samuel morreson E/.ekiel Stavins James German Abmliam luerritl .lunior Capt. Samuel mooro Villiam Parham Junior ■James mc Night f.cvl. .lohn Hall James Pairro Abrhani Mi-rrill Jonutbau .Merrill Ebene/r Stavens Joseph Sanders John IMckey John Hall Junior W llllaiu Nntt Daniel Hall Col. John Stark Capt. William Parham u William Mct'linlock Col. John Goffe n and John harvoy 10 £4 10 ' paid by Individuals to hoUl on John Niitl, Enoch harvey, Theophilus Griffin * I'livid far- mer, wen they went Willi Genenil Stark to the Battel ut Betienlou, are as followeth, (viz.) ; 46 HISTORY OF HILLSBOKOUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1. .. 18 '* Thonina Newman 'J 9 Abralinm Merroll 2 2 Joseph Farmer .0 10 Ensn. Samuel Stark "12 Levi. John Hall 1 Hi William Gamble 1 4 John Dickey IS Ca|it. Alexr. nir murphy 1 In Ensn. Samuel Boyd 1 10 Michael McClintock 12 William mcClintock 1 4 U Capt. AVm. I'arham 2 8 Cliarles Emerson 18 John Hervey ^ John Hughs 1 10 James Pairce 18 U David Starret 18 Zacelieus Uirhison 2 G Moses Merrill Capt. Samuel Moor. ... 10 o Ensn. Ahraham Merrill 12 " Ezekiel Stavins 2 8 Daniel hall U IS Levt. John Parliam 1 10 James Garman 12 William Parham, .lunr 1 4 Joseph Sander* 12 Jonathan Jlerrill U 12 Moses Cronibie 12 Nathaniel Merrill Levt. Eljenezer Stavins tl 12 £ 14 l;i i: " The following sketches of Revolutionary jiatriots are taken from Judge Potter's "History of Man- chester." Majok-General John Stark was the third son of Archibald Stark, Esq., one of the early settlers of Derryfield. His father was a man of education, and imparted to his children such instruction, and such principles at the fireside as few others upon the frontier were able to confer upon their children. Dur- ing Stark's boyhood the remnants of the Pennacook Indians were .still in the Merrimack Valley, and ;nade Anioskcag their annual rendezvous during the fishing season, and, in fact, in the earlier Indian wars, some of them were employed as soldiers by our govern- ment, and were enrolled with other .soldiers. In this manner, young Stark, a hunter from position and necessity, became well ac(|Uaintcd with the habits of the Indians. This knowledge gave him a superiority over most of his brother soldiers in the war with the Indians and French that followed. However, this knowledge would have been to no great purpose had it not been united in him with other qualities pecu- liarly befitting a soldier of those times. He was re- markable for the vigor and activity of the jihysical man, and hence for his ca|)ability in sustaining fa- tigue. Adding to these, quick perception, indomit- able energy and remarkable decision of character, he was the ^()lclier lor the limes in which he lived, and, in fact, .such(iualities are the elements of success at any and all times. His success as an officer in the noted Rangers of the Seven Years' War gave him a popu- larity among the people at large, and the soldiers in particular, that placed him in the front rank as a suc- cessful soldier upon the breaking outof the Revolution. It was this popularity among the soldiers that gained his services to the country, for if his appointment or promotion had been left to the politicians of the day, it is doubtful, from the way in which he was treated by them, whether he could have succeeded to any com- mand. Once at the head of a regiment, and in ser- vice, the battle-field told the story of his bravery. His brilliant achievements at Bunker Hill, Trenton, Princeton and Bennington are well known. Early in 1778 he repaired to Albany and a.«sumed the command of the Northern Department, and re- mained there until ordered to join General Gates at Providence. He passed the winter in NewHamjishire, in urging forward recruits and supplies, but in the spring joined General Gates at Providence. In November, by General Washington's orders, he joined him in New Jersey, and after a short time was sent by Washington to New England to make requi- sition for men and provisions. In 1780 he was with Washington atMorristown, and took part in the battle of Si)ringfield. Soon after, he was ordered to New England, col- lected a body of militia, and marched them to West Point. 1 General Stark was one of the court martial who I decided the fate of Major Andre, and reluctantly, though in obedience to his duty, and for his country's advantage, favored the sentence of death upon that brave but unfortunate officer. In 1781 he again took charge of the Northern De- I partment. The country was overrun with robbers and Tories, and he had but a weak and inefficient force, but his strict discipline and stern justice dealt i out to spies andTories soon brought things into better order. The capture of Lord Cornwallis brought the war to a close, but General Stark was ordered to New- Hamp- shire for men and supplies. j The most of 1782 he was afflicted with a rheumatic j comiilaint, brought on by long exposure, and was not able to join his command. In 178.'5, how'ever, he joined Washington, and soon afler aided by his counsels in allaying those feelings of disquiet excited by the treacherous Newburg letters among the officers and soldiers of the army. I'pon news of peace. Stark bore the happy intelligence to New Hampshire, and forthwith retired to his farm at Derryfield to enjoy that rejiose he so much needed. But his active mind cmild not lie at rest, and he en- gaged in all of those plans for the advantage of the MANCHESTEK. 47 town and Stiitf which were so necessary to be matured and carrit'd out liy clear heads and strong nerves. The unjust claim ot'thc Masonian proprietors to the lands betwixt a straight and a curve line, between the northeast and the northwest corner bounds of the .Masonian grant was first suecessl'ully opposed by Mm, ' and to his exertions it was mainly owing that the Legislature took the matter in hand, and established the claim of the State to the lands in ([uestion, thus loore, John McMurphy, William Newman, James Orr, .Vrchihald Stark, t'aleb Stark, John Turner, John Wyer, Hugh Campbell, .Vlexander Hutchin- son, William McGilway, James Sloore. Three of the men joined the company at a subse- quent date, viz.: Samuel Patten, of Bedford, June 17th; James Gibson, probably of Londonderry and John McMurphy of Dcrryfield, July 16th. Samuel Patten enlisted on the 17th, and, with the fifty-seven others enlisted on the 24th of April, participated in the battle of Bunker Hill. In that battle none did liCtter service than Captain John Moore and his company of Amoskeag, as related elsewhere. j On the 18th of June, the day following the battle, Captain Moore was complimented with a major's commission, to take the place in Stark's regiment of Major McClary, who had been killed in the battle of the day preceding. Lieutenant !MeLaughlin was ]iromoted to the caiitaincy thus made vacant, and I Sergeant Nathaniel Boyd, of Dcrryfield, was made j lieutenant in his place. Major Moore remained with i the army but a few months, when the state of his health obliged him to retire to his farm. He con- tinued, however, his active participation in all matters on foot in the town, county and State, to forward the patriot cause, until his removal from the State, in 1778. In that year he moved to Norridgewock, in Maine, where he ever maintained a most respect- able position in life. He died in January, 1809. Majou John Goffe was a son of the noted Colo- nel Jtdin GotVe, of Derryfielil. He resided in Bedford, just across the Merrimack from his father. In the Seven Years' War be was a lieutenant in Caiitain Martin's company, in Goffe's regiment. At the close of the French war he returned to Bedford and resumed his occupation as a farmer and miller. He received a captain's commission from Gov- ernor Wentworth in 17(i4, and 1708 wsis |iro- moted to a majorily. At the commencement of hostilities he volunteereil, went to Cambridge, en- listed in Captain Moore's company as a private, and was in the battle of Bunker Hill. In the summer jifter, he left the army anil returned home, his business rci|niriug his presence. Several of his sons scrveil in the War of the Revolution, ami two of them lost their 48 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. lives in that struggle — Stephen being lost at sea, and William killed in an engagement. But in civil life Major God'e was active in the patriot cause, and was successful in furnishing recruits for the army. When General Stark called for more troops to assist in con- quering Burgoyne, Major Goti'e at once volunteered his services as a private, and marched to th^ conflict, thus favoring the great cause by precept and exam- ple. Of a truth, the good that such men do lives after them. He died at Bedford, aged eighty-five years. Lieutenant John Okr was of Bedford, where, at the commencement of the Revolution, he was a suc- cessful farmer. He volunteered under Stark in his ex- pedition to Bennington, and was appointed a lieu- tenant in Captain McConnell's company, in Colonel Stickney's regiment. This regiment was one of the two that were sent against the Tory breast-work on the right of the enemy's works, south of the Hoosac. Early in the tight Lieutenant Orr was wounded in the knee by a musket-ball. Unable to stand, he lay upon the ground some time before any one came to his assistance. Sergeant Griffin then came to him, and with the assistance of another soldier carried him to a place of safety, forced to drag him upon his back through a corn and flax-field to shun the sharpshoot- ers of the enemy. From want of skill the fracture was not properly reduced; but employing a private sur- geon he began to mend, but was unable to be removed until February. On the 4th of that month he started for home, riding upon a bed in a sleigh, and reached home in ten days, after much suffering. He was una- ble to step till the October following, with crutches even. In the end he recovered his health, and though ever lame, was able to resume the active duties of life. He was much in public business, and filled the offices of selectman. Representative and Senator in the State Legislature with credit to himself in town and district. J^ieutenaut Orr died in Bedford in Jan- uary, 1823, aged sixty-five years. Sergeant Epiiraim Steven.s was another true soldier of Derryfield. He never knew fear. Whether driving the Hessians from their ([uarters, or attacking them without regard to disparity of numbers, as at Trenton, he was the same dauntless man. He was one who "snufled the battle from afar," and w^as ready to engage in it. When relating his afltiir at Trenton, in beating up the quarters of the Hessians, he was wont to say that the bayoneted Hessians, as they lay upon the floor, was tlie prettiest sight he ever saw. He was of powerful make, and had the reputation of being the " strongest man in the army." In the camp at Valley Forge, when, by the recommendation of the officers, the soldiers engaged in all manner of athletic sports, Sergeant Stevens was wont to "beat the ring " wrestling and lifting. The trial of strength was in shouldering and carrying of "oak buts;" he could shoulder and carry the biggest " oak but of any man in the army." Such a man was invaluable as a soldier. Want of education prevented his promotion. After the close of the war Sergeant Stevens returned to Derryfield and became a successful farmer. He died in 1845, aged eighty-seven years. Sergeant Theophilus Griffin. — lie was an- other brave soldier of Derryfield. He was with Stark at the battle of Trenton, and was one of the men who assisted Stevens in adventure with the Hessians, before related. The most of the day he went bare- footed through the snow, throwing ott' his worthless shoes soon after commencing the pursuit of the re- treating Hessians, and this without a murmur. No man fought better than Theophilus Griffin ; but he must have a leader. He could execute, not direct. When the news came of the retreat from Ticonderoga he was one of the first to volunteer his services to meet the enemy, and was with Stark at Bennington, where, in addition to fighting bravely, he assisted with the greatest hazard in carrying Lieutenant Orr from the field when disabled by a severe wound. After the close of the war he settled down upon a small farm, but with indiflerent success as a farmer. Habits fos- tered, if not contracted in the service unfitted him for steady employment. He preferred the exciting scenes of the camp to quiet labor, and, used to those, in the time of peace he sought excitement where it could be found, and, as was often the case with other soldiers, l)a.s*ed the last years of his life with little advantage to himself or society. He, however, fought nobly tor his countrj', and his name deserves a place among the patriots of Derryfield. He died at Derryfield at an advanced age. Samuel Kemick. — He was an apprentice in Bed- ford at the time of Burgoyne's ai>iiroach from the north. He volunteered under Stark and was at the battle of Bennington. He stood by Lieutenant Orr, saw him fall and carried from the field. As he emerged from the corn-field he took a position behind an oak and commenced firing upon the enemy. He fired some eight or ten times, when, as he was loading his gun, an unlucky bullet from the enemy's works brought him to the ground. In this position he loaded and fired several times upon the enemy. At length, giving his gun to a man, the lock of whose gun had been broken by a ball, he dragged himself to a fence near by, where he was taken upon a blanket and carried to the surgeon's quarters, an open field on the banks of the Hoosac. He soon recovered, and lived to a good old age, receiving the bounties of his country for his sufferings in the cause of lihertj-. The following were also in the war from this town : Ephraim Stevens, David Merrill, James Thomjison, Benjamin George, Isaac George, Ichabod Martin and Robert McNight. MANCHESTER. 49 CHAPTER 111. MANCHESTER— (Conirnnerf). CIVIL HISTORY. The Charter of I)orr)fleld— Original Bounds— The First Town-Mooting— Officers Elected— Portion of Iliirrytown Anne.\o— Town Named Maucliester in 18111 — List of Solectnien, Moderutors iind Town Clerks— Tho Town-Meetiug of 1840 — Much Kxcitement Prevails — Thirty Constables Chosen to Keep Onlor— The Waning Power of the Town— Strength of tho *' New Village " — First Town-BIeeting in the "Now Village" — Town House Erected — Incoriiuralion of tho City First City Election— Otlicers (lioson- Organization of Firet City Gov- orniiieut — List of Mayors and Clerks from Organi/.ation to ISSo. The town of Manchester, embracing portions of the towns of Loinloiulerry and Chester, and a tract ol hind lying on the Mcrriinacic River, belonging to the Masonian proprietors, called " Ilarrytown," was char- tered September 3, 1701, under the name of " Derry- field." This name is said to have been derived from the fact that the people of Londonderry had been ac- customed to pasture their cattle within its limits. The charter was as follows : "PlloVINCE OF New IlASd-SIIIUK. ••ILS.] "Gt'orge the second by the grace of God, of Grunt Uritiiiii, France and Ireland King, Defender of the Fuitb, Ac, and toiill whom these preaentd Bhull come. "Grketiso ; *' mtercas, OUT loyal subjects, inhulpitnntii of a tmct of land witliin our provincoof New Hamiwhire aforesaid, lying partly within that part of our province of New Hunipshire called LcndouiliTry in i>art, and in part in Chettter, and in part of land not heretufure grunted to any town within our province aforesaid, liavi- hiirnbly ptititioned and reqnested to us that they ni»y bo erected and incorporated into a township, and infrauchise*! with the same powers and privileges wjiichiillu-r towns within our said prov- ince by law have and enjoy ; and it appearing to us to bo conducive to the general good of our said province, as well us of said inhabitants in jiartlc- iilar, by maintaining good order, and enconntging the cnltivaiion of the land, that the same shonld bo done ; Know Ve, therefore, that we, of our especial grace, certain knowledge and for the encounigtmient and pi-o- moting the good purposesand t.-iuin afuresaid, by antl with tin- advice of our trusty and well-beloved liennington Wi-nlwortb, Ksq., our Governor and Commander in Chief, and of our Council of our Province of New Ilanipshire aforesaid, have erected and ordaint^d, and by these pres*}nts, for ourselves and succt^sors, do will and ordain, that tho inhabilanftof a (the) tmct of land aforcsa'ld, shall inhabit and improve thereon hereafter bulled and tK)undeine tree standing upon the town line, betwoon Chester and Londonderry, marked one hiindreil and thirty-four, being the bounds of one of the sixty-acn- lots in naid Chester, being the Sniilh \V«-st curni-r of said lot ; theneo run- ning south into the township of Londonderry one hundn-d ami sixty rods to a stake and stones ; thence running west to Londonderry North and South line ; thence runnliig South upon Londonilerry line to tho Head line of Litchfield to a stake and stones ; thenru running upon the head line of Litchflehl to the Hank of the Merrlnnick river ; tbenco running up said river, as the rivt^T runs, eight miles to aslakeand sloiiesstunding upon the liank of sairl river ; theno? running Kast South ICast one mile and three (jnarterf, thnmgh land not gninted to any town, until it comes to CbfNtrr line ; tbenci- running two miles and a half an*! Ilfty-two rods on the sjime couive into tln' townshiit of Cln"*ter, to a slake aiifl sl<»no« ; tbenrL' running south four mites and a half to the boumls fli-st mentioned, all which lands within stud bounds which lies within the townships of Londonderry and Ctiester aforesaid, are not to lu> liable to pay any taxoii or rates, but as they shall be settletl, and by these presents are iloclared and ordained to be a town ctirporateil, and are hereby erected untl Incor- porated into alKHly poUtlrk, and aeorponitlon to have continuance for- ever by tho name of Dcrryfleld, with all the iM>wont, authorities, pHvl- loges. immunities and infranrhises to them tin- said inhabitants and their ■nccessors forever, always reserving to us, our In-irs, and nucressiu-n, all white pine tr«ee growing and bring, or that shall herraftergrow and Iw on tho said tract of land, fit for tho uae of our Royal Navy, reserving also the power of dividing gaid town to us, our hoire and succoaBoni, when it bliiiti appear uecesei^iry and convenient for the benefit of the inhabitants thereof, and as the several towns within our niaid province of New nanti>- shire, are by law (hereof entitled and autbori/.cd to assemble, and by the majority of vot«s to choose all said oflicersas are mentioned in tlio said laws. "We do by these presents nominate and appoint John McMurphy to call the fli-st meeting of the inhabitants to be held within tho said town at any time within twenty days from the day hereof, giving legal notice of the time, place and design of holding sjiid meeting in said town, after which the annual meeting in oaid town shall be lu-ld for the choice of town ofHcers,and forever on tlio first Monday in J^Iarch annually. In testimony whereof we have caused the seal of our said I'rovinco to be hereto affixed. •' Witnesis Benning Wentwortb, Ksq., our Governor and Connnander in Chief of our said Province, the third day of Septembt-r, in the year of our Lord Chiist, one thousand seven hundred and hflyHine, and in the twenty-tifth year of our Keign. " By His E,\celleucy'8 Command with advice of Council, *' B. Wkntwohth. "TiiKonoRR Atkinson, Sec^y. "Province op New IIami'suire. " Entered and recorded in tho Book of Charter, this third day of Sep- tember 175G, pages 79 & 80. " I'cr TiiEonoKE Atkinson, Src'y."' This charter covered about eighteen square miles of the southwest part of Chester, about nine square miles of the northwest part of Londonderry, inchidiiijr The Peak, and the strip of hind between Londonderry, Chester and the Merrimaek River, called Ilarrytown, containing about eight square miles. This charter did not embrace the wholeof what was known as Harrytown, a nook at the north part, be- twixt Chester and the Merrimack being left ungranted. This contained about two square miles, wan called Harrysborough, and was added to Derryfield in ITU'J. The act of incorporation empowered John McMur- phy to call the first town-meeting, which was held at the house of John Hall, inn-holder, September 23, 1751, as follows : '*l*RoviNcE OF New Hami'SMIke. "At a meeting of tho proprietors, fi-eeholders and inhabitants of Derryfield, assembled at the house of Jtphn Hall, In said town. At this first meeting upon Monday, the twenty-third day of September, Ann» l>om'o, 17r>l, by His Kxcellency's direction in tho charter for said town- ship, dated September tho thini, 1761, according to the direction In Mid charter, by His Excellency's command, 1, tho sulwcrilK-r Issued a notifica- tion for choice of town otlicers upon the affonwiid day. and the atToresaid bouse, and the people being iwst>mbled, " Vol&J, John Golfe, first Selectman. William Perham, Ditto Selectman. Nathaniel Boyd, " " Daniel McNeil, Elie74i Wells, "3dly, for town clerk, John Hall. "4thly, Commisslonei-s for assowment, to examine the Selectmen's ac* eounl. William McCllntock, William Stark. "Sthly, for countable, UolM'rt Andei-s«tii. "C.lhly, for (ylbing men, John Harvey, William Elliott. "7thly, for surveyors of highways, Abraham Merrill, John lUddlo' John Hall. *'8thly, for Invoice men, Oiarh-s Eniemm, Samuel Martin. "Othly, for Haywaitls, Mosi-s Wells, Wlllliim (iurubln. " lothly, Peer-keojM'm, Charles Ememm, William Stark. " nth, for culler of staves, Benjamin Stevens. "I2thly, for surveyor of boanls, planks, Joists and timlMT, Abraham Merrill. " Reconled by me, [ 'MituN Ham, 1\nen CXrrk.'* 50 HISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIllE. Thus the tosvn was organized under the charter. ' that the phxce some day would l.e the Manchester of The next town-meeting was holden the 16th of ^ America." November following, and mainly for the purpose of | raising money to defray the expenses of obtaining ' the cliarter. On the 4th of November the meeting was called by warrant of the Selectmen, the second article of which was ••■>. To raao money to defray the clmrges that Mr. John Hall has been at ill obtaining a corporation for said town ami to cliuso a committee for examining and allowing his accounts." At the meeting held November 26, 1751, upon the second article of the warrant, it was : " VoUd, that .Mr. .lohn Hall be piid all the money that a committee uiwn the examination of his accounts shall allow to be his just due for obtaining an incorporation for this town, and the committee's names are i as lolloweth : John GotTe, William SIcrlinto, William Pcrham." 1 This committee made their report to the selectmen DeceiiiluT 21, ITol, as follows: " DF.ltltYFlELn, December ye 21, IT.'M. "To the selectmen of Derryfield, Gents, We, the subscribers, being a coiiiraittec chosen by the town of Derryfield to examine and allow the ac^iounts of .Mr. John Hall, that we should find justly due to him for his obtaining a corporation for said town, we have set upon that affair, and upon a critical examination of the accounts of ssiid John we find that he has o.vponded iu money and time, at a reasonable, or rather moderate al- lowance, amounts to the sum of two hundred and litty-one pounds old tenor, and accordingly we judge it highly reasonable that he should have the sum with all po^ible expedition. " Certified by us the day and year above. " Wm.i.hm McClinto, "John GoFrE, *' Wli.i.i.vM Perha.m, " Crtwiniittee .Ifea." .\t the same meeting the following votes were p;isRed : "3dly, VoUii, to Ease 24 pounds old tenor, to be rased to paye fore Priching for this present year. " 4lhly, ViiUit, to Ease 12 pounds old tenor to ihifray the charges that may arise the present year.'' As originally incorpuratcd, tlir town was wholly on the east side of the Merrimack. In 1795, by an act of the Legislature, a gore of land was annexed to the north side of the town, being a portion of " Harry- town,'" and was intended to be included in the original incorporation. June 13, 1810, the name of the town was changed to Manchester, it is said, as a compliment to Hon. Samuel Blodgett, who constructed a canal around Anioskeag Falls and who had often asserted 1 " It «cema that a portion of this city, noxt to tho Merrimack, consist- ing of a strip of land three miles in width, extending through its entire length, was granted, in 1635, to Ephraim Hililreth, John Shcpley and others, by the Province of Maesjichuselts, that province claiming that their north line extended three miles north and east of tlie Merri- mack. Hildreth and Shepley. for themselves and other soldiers under Captain William Tyiig, iH?lilioned the Ceiicral Court of Massachusetts province for the grant of a tract of land six miles sriuaro lying on both sides of Merrimack Eiver at .\mo«Ueag Falls. The petition was pres4, John Stark, Jr., Daniel Davis, .Samuel Moor, Jr.; 17'.l5, Daniel Davis, John Stark, Jr., Samuel Moor, Jr., John Kay, John Perham; 1796, Isaac Huse, John Tufts, John Stark, Jr.; 1797, John Goffe, Samuel Moor, Jr., Samuel Blodget ; 1798, John Goffe, Daniel Davis, John Stark ; 1" John Kay, Josejih Moore, Daniel Davis ; lSi»i, Samuel Moor. Jr Ray, Israel Webster ; 18cil, Samuel .Moor, Jr., John Kay, ster ; 18112, Samuel Moore, Jr., Israel Webster, John Kay ; Moor, Jr., Israel Webster, John Stark (3d) Isaac Huse, .lohn Stark (.Id) ; 18ii5, Samuel Archibald Gamble ; ISlH'i, Samuel Jloor, Jr. ton; 18(17, Samuel Moor, Jr., Amos Weston, uel Moor, Jr., Amos Weston, Samuel Ilall Isiwc Huse, John Stark ; 181n, .Samuel Moor, Jr., Thomas Stickney, Isaac Huse ; 1811, John Stark, Jr., Amos Weston, Israel Webster; 1812, Samuel Moor, Jr., John Stark, Jr., John Dickey ; 1813, Samuel Moor, Joli Kowell, John Dickey ; 1814, Isaac Ihise, Israel Webster. John G. Jloor; 1815, IsiUic Huse, Israel Web^Ier, Ephraim Stevens, .Ir. ; 1816, Isaac Huse, John Frye. John Stark (4tli) ; 1817, Isaac Huse, John Stark (4th), John Dickey; 1818, Isaac Huse, John Dickey, Nathaniel Moor; 1819, Samuel Moor, Ephraim Stevens, Jr., John Stark (4th) ; 1820, Joseph Moor, Ephraim Stevens, Jr., Amos Weston, Jr.; 1821, Amos Weston, Jr., Ephraim Stevens, Jr., John Proctor; 1822, Amos Weston, Jr., John PuKtor, Nathaniel .Moor; 18'2:!, Amos Weston, Jr.. Nathaniel Moor, John Proctor; 1824, Amos Weston, Jr., Nathaniel .Moore, leaar Huse; 18'2.5, Amos Weston, Jr., Isaac Huse, Nathaniel Moore; 1826, Frederick G. Stark, Israel Merrill, James Mcyueston ; 1827, Frederick G. Stark, Amos Weston, Jr., Franklin Moor; 1828, John Gamble, .lohn Hay, Nathaniel Moore; 1829, Frederick G. Stark, Archibald Stjyk, James Mctjiieston ; 183(1, Amos Weston, Jr., John Proctor, Natlianiil Conant; 1831, Frederick G. Stark, John Proctor, George Clark; 1832. Amos Weston, Jr., FreOerick U. Stark, licorge Clark ; 18:i3, Amos Wes- I ton, Jr., John Proctor, James Mcljueston ; 1834, James Mc(;ue8ton, Gil- lolin Israel Web- 18(13, Samuel 18114. Samuel Moor, Jr., Moor, Jr., Edward Kay, Edward Kay, Amos M"es- Edward Ray ; 1808, Sani- 18U9, Samuel Moor, Jr., > Until August nth. »To Julv 16, 1779. s From Angnst 1.1th. « Fiom July I6th. MANCHESTER. 51 l>ert Grffley, KreJerick O. Stark ; Ha'», KroJorick C. Stark, Amus Wes- ton, Jr.. iNoac liuse; 1836, Frederick tj. Stark, Amus Weston, Jr., Gil- twrt (Jreeley ; 1837, Auios Weston, Jr.. Gilbert tJreeloy, Joseph BI. Row- *ll : 183», Josepll M. Kowoll, .\rcliibuld Uanible, Jr., Inaac Huse; l&W Joseph M. Ilowell, Archibald Caiiible, Jr., Ifiiiac Uuse ; 1840, .\ino3 We-ston, Jr., J. T. P. Hunt, Iliniiii Hrown ; 18-11, Amos Weston, Jr. Isaac C. Flanders, Isaac Huso ; ls42, Jloses Fellows, .\ndrew Bunton, Jr., .\bniin Hrighaiu ; 1843, Moses Fellows, Andrew Ihinton, Jr., David C'liild : 1S44, Xatlmn Parker, Warren L. Lane, George Clark ; 1845, Na- than Parker, (ieorge Clark, Charles Chase; 184t>, Sloses Fellows, An- tlrew llunton, Jr., Kdward Mc^uesten. MODEIlATllUS. IT.'.l, John (ioffe; 1752-,'^, William I'erham ; 17.'>5-oO, John Goffe ; 17.57, ArihibaldStark ; 17.''8-ljli, William McClintock ; 1701, William I'or- liani ; 1 7f.2-Ioor ; 1815-16, John Dwiunells ; 1817-18, John Stark; 1819, Samuel Moor; 1820, Nathaniel Moor ; 1821, John G. Moor; 1822, John Stark ; 182;t-25, Nathaniel Moor; 1820, Kphniini Stevens, Jr.; 1827, John Stark (3d); 1828, Nathaniel Moor; 1>^29, Kphraini Stevens, Jr.; 18;}0-32, Frederick G. Stark ; 18:13, Ephraim Stevens, Jr.; 18:14. Gilbert Greeley; 1835, Kpliraim Stevens, Jr.; 18:)0, Gilbert Grtjeley ; 1837, Frederick G. Stark ; 1S38, Kphraim Stevens, Jr.; 18:)9-l", Charles Stark ; 1841, James McK. Wilkins ; 18I2-'13. Joseph OKhniii, Jr.; 1844, tieorge W. Morrison ; 184."i-'16, Herman Foster. TOWN CLKHKS. 17al-53, John Hall ; 17.'J4, Alexander Mc3Iuri)hy ; 1755^"»6, John <>afrc; 1757-00, John Hall; 1767-74, David Starrett; 1775, John Hall; 1770-79, David Starrett;' 1779-80, Asael Smith ;- 1787, John Ituss ; 1788, John Hall; 1789-9:1, John Goffe; 1794, John Stark, Jr.; 1795, Isaac Husi-; 1796, Samuel P. Kidder; 1797-98; John Tufts; 1799-1810, Samuel Moor, Jr.; 1811, John Sunk, Jr.; 1812-13, Isiuic Huse; 1814, Samuel Moor; 181.5-18, John G. Moor; 1819-23, Frederick G. Stark; 1824-25, Amos Weston, Jr.; 1820-28, Franklhi Moor: 1829-:!", Samuel Jackson; 18:iI-;«, Amos Weston, Jr.; 18:)4-:i7, John R. Hall; 1838-4", ^muol Jackson ; 1841, Walter French ; 1842-46, John M. Noyes. The town-meetings were held in the town until 1840. The increasing power of tlie "New Village" wius not looked upon with favor by the old inhal)itants, who regarded these new-comers a.s interlopers. Mutual jealousies soon arose, which finally resulted in a stormy town-meeting in March, 1840, which re- quired the selection of thirty constables to keep order before the other town oflicers were elected. It had become apparent (said Judge Potter, in re- ferring to this meeting) tlnit the inlGibilaiits of the " New Village " would soon outnumber those of the town, if they ilid not at that time. The people of the village ilid not talk or act with much moderation. They openly told their intention of controlling the affairs of the town, and the nomiiiiitions for town officers by the two jmrtics seem to have been made with this idea, as all tlie candidates for the important offices in the town lived at the " New Village," or in its immediate vicinity. At llie annual meeting, the votes of the first day showed conelusively tliat iTo.luh II.. 1779. "Fr. lulv 16lh. the people of the " New Village " predominated. Accordingly, when about to adjourn on the eveuiug of that day, a motion was made to adjtjurn to meet at Washington Hall, on Amherst Street, at»ten o'clock A.M. of the next day. This motion at once produced a most stormy discussion. Upon putting the question, the utmost confusion prevailed and a poll of the house was demanded. Finally it was |)roposed that the two parties to the question should Ibrm in lines upon the common, in front of the town-h\\h- lishers of the Farmers' Monthly Visitor, and incor- porated with that paper. The Merchants' Own Journal was begun in No- vember, 1S4S, by Haradon & Storer, and was issued for a short time. About 1849 the late Dr. Thcmias K. Crosby, then a practicing physician in Manchester, conceived the idea of publishing an agricultural paper in the city,, and at length having associated with himself James O. Adams as publisher, issued the first number of the Granite Farmer February 26, 1850. It was a weekly of eight pages, and, according to the an- nouncement on its first page, was "published under the patronage of the New Hamphire State Agricul- tural Society." At the beginning of the fourtli volume, in January, 1853, the Rev. A. G. Comings, o*' Mason, became associate editor, but he removed from the State about March, 1853, and the twelfth number was the last which bore his name. The paper was sold, October 5, 1§53, to the Hon. Chandler E. Potter, and was united not long afterwards with the Farmers* Monthli/ Visitor. The Manchester Daily Mirror was started i»s a. mdniiiit;- paper, :\Icinday,t)ct()lKT liS, 1850, by Joseph C. Emerson. With the seventh number appeared the name of F. A. Moore as that of the editor. He was. succeeded as editor, December 16, 1850, by Edward N. Fuller. Monday, June 23, 1851, it was changed from a morning to an evening pajier. Mr. Emerson began, Saturday, February 22, 1851, under the UMme of the Dollar Weekly Mirror, a weekly paper, made up from the columns of the daily, of which also Mr. Fuller was the editor. In February, 1852, he retired from the editorship, and his i)lace was filled by John B. Clarke. He held the position till Sejitember 1st, when Mr. Emerson, who had been engaged in the manufacture of fireworks, lost heavily by fire, and became financially embarrassed. He struggled along till October 20th, when he sold at auction the daily and weekly, which were bought by John B. Clarke^ who has owned and edited them ever since. He bought, in 1863, of S. D. Farnsworth, the Daily and Weekly American, in which the Manchester Democrat had been swallowed up, and united the latter with y^/b^M-z/et k (■CI'fLt-^. MANCHESTER. 55 the Dollar Weekly Mirror and the former with the yA(i7;/-l/iV)o;-, which has since been known as the Daily Mirror and American. In 18t)3 lie bouglit of Francis B. Eaton the iVcic Hampshire Journal of Agriculture, which had already absorl)ed the Granite Fanner and the I-arnier"' Monthly Visitor, and united it witli the wecicly, under tlio name of the Dnllar Weekly Mirror and New ]{amj/«hirc Journal of Agriculture. July 8, 18G5, its name was changed to tliat of Mirror and Farmer, and under tliis it has since been pub- lished. CoLON'EL JoHX 15. Cl.\kke,' editor and proprietor of the Manchester Mirror. — .\moug the business en- teriirises in which the men of to-day seek fortune anil reputation, there is scarcely another which, when firmly established upon a sound basis, sends its roots so deep and wide, and is so certain to endure and pros- per, bearing testimony to the ability of its creators, as the family newsiiaper. Indeed, a daily or weekly paper which has gained by legitimate methods an im- mense circulation and a profitalile advertising patron- age is immortal. It may change owners and names, and character even, but it never dies, and it^ as is usually the case, it owes its early reputation and suc- cess to one man, it not only reflects him while he is as.sociated with it, liut pays a constant tribute to his memory after he has ]iassed away. But, while the rewards of eminent success in the newspaper profession are great and substantial, the road to them is one which only the strong, sagacious and active can travel, and this is especially true when he who strives for them assumes the duties of both pul)lisher and editor. It requires great ability to make a great pajier every day, and even greater to sell it extensively and profitably, and to do both is not a possible task for the weak. To do both in* an inland city, where the competition of metropolitan journals must be met and discounted, without any of their ad- vantiiges, requires a man of grip, grit ami genius. In 1852 the Manchester Mirror was one of the smallest and weakest papers in the country. Its weekly edition had a circulation of about six hundred, that of its daily was le.ss than five hundred, and its advertising receipts were extremely small. Alto- gether, it was a load which its owner could not carry, and the whole establishment, including subscription lists, good-will, i)re8s, type and material was sold at auction for less than one thou.sand dollars. In 188;) the Weekly Minor and Farmer has a cir- culation of more than twenty-three thousand and every subsi-riber on its books has paid for it in advance. The Jtaily Mirror and Amerirnii has a eorrespono furnished iiini with the small amount of money neces- sary to give a boy an education in those days, ami in due course he graduated with high honors at Dart- mouth College, in the class of 1843. Then he became principal of the Meredith Bridge Academy, which position he held for three years, reading law mean- while in an ollice near by. In 1848 he was admitted to the Hillsborough County bar, from the office of bis brother, at Manchester, the late Hon. William C. Clarke, attorney-general of New Hampshire, and the next year went to California. From 1849 until 1851 he was practicing his profession, roughing it in the mines, and prosi)eeting for a permanent business and location in California, Central .\nierica and Mexico. In 1851 he returned to JIancheslcrand established himself as a lawyer, gaining in a few months a prac- tice which gave him a living, but in October of the next year the sale of the Mirmr afforded an opening more suited to his talents and ambition, ami having bought the property, he thenceforth devoted hinisi'lf to its development. He had no experience, no capital, but he had con- fidence in himself, energy, good Judgment and a wil- lingness to work for the success he was determined to gain. For months and years he was editor, reporter, business manager, accountant and collector. In liiese ea|iacities he (lid an amount of work that would h.'ive killed an ordinary nutn, ami did it in a way that told ; for every month added to the number of his patrons, and slowly but steadily his business increased in volume and his papers in influeMce, He early nmde it a rule to condense everything that appeared in the eolumsofthe Mirror into the smallest 56 HISTORY OP HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. possible space, to make what ho iiriuted readable as ■vvfll as reliable, to make the paper better every year than it was the 2>recerling year, and to furnish the weekly edition at a ptUe which would give it an im- mense circulation without the help of traveling agents or the credit system ; and to this policy he has adhered. Besides this, he spared no expense which he judged would add to the value of his publications, and his judgment has always set the bonds for off on the very verge of extravagance. Whatever machine promised to keep his office abreast of tlie times, and in- crease the capacity for good work, he has dared buy. Whatever man he has thought would brighten and strengthen hisstaff of assistants he hiw gone for, and, if I)()ssible, got, and whatever new departure has seemed to iiim likely to win new friends for the Mirror he has made. In this way he has gone from the bottom of the ladder to the top. From time to time rival sheets have sprung up beside him, but only to maintain an existence for a brief i)eriod or to be consolidated with the Mirror. All the time there has been shar|) competition from publishers elsewhere, but this has only stimulated him to make a better paper and push it successfully in fields which they have regarded as their own. In connection with the Mirror, a great job-printing establishment has grown up, which turns out a large amount of work in all departments, and where the State printing has been done six years. Mr. Clarke has also published several books, including "Sanborn's History of New Hampshire," ''Clarke's History of Man- chester," " Successful New Hampshire Men," " Man- chester Directory" and other works. AVithin a few- years a book-bindery has been added to tile establish- ment. Mr. Clarkestill devotes himself closely to his business six hours each day, but limits himself to this period, having been warned by an enforced rest and voyage to Europe, in 1872, to recover from the strain of over- work, that even his magnificent i)hysiquc could not sustain too great a. burden, and he now maintains robust and vigorous health by a systematic and regular mode of life, by long rides of from fifteen to twenty- five miles daily and an annual summer vacation. In making the Mirror its owner has made a great deal of money. If he had saved it iis some others have done, he would have more to-day than any other in Manchester who has done business the same length of time on the same capital. But if he has gathered like a man born to be a millionaire, he has scattered like one who would spend a millionaire's fortune. He has been a good liver and a free giver. All his tastes incline him to large expenditures. His home abounds in all the comforts that nmney will buy. His farm is a phu-ewliere costly experiments are tried. He is pas- sionately fond of tine horses, aud his stables are always full of those that are higldy bred, fleet and valuable. He loves an intelligent dog and a good gun, and is known far and near a* an enthusiastic sportsman. He believes in being good to himself and generous to others, values money only for what it will buy, and every day illustrates the fact that it is easier for him to earn ten dollars than to save one by being "close." A business that will enable a man of such tastes and impulses to gratify all his wants and still accumulate a competency for his children is a good one, and that is wiiat the business of the Mirror counting-room hiis done. Nor is this all, n(«' the most, for the Mirrorhns made the name of John B.Clarke a household word in nearly every school district in Northern New England and in thousands of families in other sections. It has given him a great influence in the politics, the agriculture and the social life of his time, has made him a power in shapingthe jiolicy of his city and State, and one of the forces that have kept the wlieels of progress mov- ing in both for more than thirty years. In a word, what one man can do for and with a newspaper in New Hampshire John B. Clarke has done for and with the Mirror, and what a great news- paper can do for a man the Miiror has done for J(din B. Clarke. The Manchester Union. — The first Democratic newspaper in Manchester was the Amoskeag Jiepre- sentatii-e, started in October, 1839, by John Caldwell. .V few mouths later its name was changed to Mnii- c/iester Representative. In 1842 the course of the Repre-teniative on important party issues became so dis- tasteful to a majority of the Democrats in the town that measures were taken to establish a new organ, and in April of that year William H. Kimball and Joseph Kidder started the Manchester Democrat. A few months later Mr. Kidder sold his interest to George W. Morrison and Moody Currier, Mr. Mor- rison subsequently disposing of his share to Mr. Cur- rier, who became associate editor with Mr. Kimball . In October, 1843, Mr. Currier's interest was pur- chased by E. B. Davis, and in the spring of 1844 the pai)er passed by purchase into the hands of Chand- ler E. Potter, a graduate of Dartmouth, and at that time a practicing attorney, tha Representative was discontinued soon after the Democrat was started, and Mr. Caldwell established the Gleaner, a scurrilous sheet, the conduct of which involved the proprietor in numberless difficulties and lawsuits, and finally drove him from the town. In 1848, Judge Potter, who was a forcible writer and an earnest advocate of Democratic principles, sold the Democrat to John H. (xoodale, a native of Deering and a graduate of Wesleyan University, at Middlctown, Conn. Mr. Goodale conducted the paper in full accord with the principles of the Dem- ocratic i)arty until 1850, when he evinced a decided tenilency to espouse the doctrines of the Free-Soil party, then becoming a prominent factor in national politics. At the Democratic State Convention in De;eml)er, 1850, .lohn .Vtwood, of New Bosti ii, \\\\« had been a MANCHESTER. 67 liaptist miuister and for several yearsState treasurer, wa-^ nominated as candidate for Oovernor. In the platforin adopted by the convention the question of slavery was not specifically mentioned, but the com- promise measures which had just been passed by Con- ■j-rcss were fully indorsed. Soon after the convention Mr. Atwood, in answer to a letter addressed to him l>y John H. White and other Frec-Soilers, expressed -I'Mtiments similar to those held by the leaders of the Free-Soil party. This letter was not immediately published, but when its contents became known to - )nie of the Democratic leaders there wa.s great ex- ritement. (icneral Pierce, who believed that Mr. At- wood had written the White letter without due con- sideration, endeavored to persuade him to retrace his -teps, if he could conscientiously do so. Thereupon Mr. Atwood signed a letter in which he substantially revoked the sentiments contained in his letter to White. U|)on tliei)ul)lication of this letter the Frec- Soilers printed his eommunieation to White, though Atwood declared he never gave his consent to its piiljlication. Naturally, Mr. Atwood soon found liimself in a most melancholy predicament through hi.i attempt to please both parties. The Democracy, linding there was no way of escaping from the di- li'Mima in which Atwood had placed them, except by llirowiiig him overboard altogether, immediately called a new convention, repudiated their former can- didate and renominated Samuel Dinsmore, who was then serving his second term as Governor. Mr. fioodale, as editor of the Democrat, had be- come thoroughly imbued with Free-Soil |)rinci])les, and sustained Jlr. Atwood in the controversy. In this state of afi'airs the leaders of the Democratic party in Manchester held a meeting on the 28th of D.'ccmber, 1860, to consider the question of starting a new paper which should correctly reflect the prin- ciples of the party. .Tames MeK. Wilkins presided, and .Joseph Kidder was chosen secretary. On motion liiater thau one thousand or eleven hundred. The Cot- trell w;ui moved into the new buildiuer. The business oflice and editorial rooms are on the ground-Hoor of the Opera Block, and, taken all in all, it is one of the most complete newspaper establishments in New England. The lii-st eilitor or editorial writer of Tlf Union aa a morning daily was Henry II. Metcalf, who began his labors with the first number and closed them Oc- tober 22, 1881. He was followed by B. F. Saurman, who remained till .Vpril 22, 1882. On May 4tii, of the same year, George F. Parker as-iunied the |)osltion, filling it till l)eccnd)er 9th of the same year. The editorial work was provided for from several sources till the first we.k in January, 1882, at which time the arrangement now in force went into operation. Im- portant changes were made. The scope of the edi- torial work wiis enlarged, and the labors divided. John T. Hulme and Edward .J. Burnham were as- signed to duty in this department. On December 22, 1884, Mr. Burnham was transferred to the subscrip- tion and collection department, filling also the duties of stafi' correspondent. The first city editor was Edgar J. Knowlton, who remained in the position till June 5, 1880, and was succeeded by Herbert F. Eastman. Mr. Eastman fulfilled the" duties till January 22, 1881, at which time John T. Hulme came to the position, holding it continuously till he was promoted to his present position. On his promotion, Henry H. Everett came to the duties of the position. Edgar J. Knowlton re- turned to the staff as a local reporter October 20, 1884, and December 29th of the same year succeeded to his old position as city editor. Walter E. West was first telegraph editor of the paper, filling the position till October (?, 1883, when he retired, and was followed by the present occupant of that chair, Willis T. Dodge. John B. Mills and Herbert N. Davison at present comprise the staff of local reporters. John B. Mills was in a similar capacity in the first two years of the morning paper, but retired and returned in February, 1884. True M. Thompson followed him, and was succeeded by George F. Richards. C. Fred. Crosby was also a local reporter for some two years. John H. Rcidell atteniled the State news and several other rning daily was started. It was under the si)ecial charge of Mrs. L. A. Scott, who continued till December 29, 1884, 60 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. wlu'ii Mrs. Etta F. Shepard assumed the toiidiict of the departiut'iit. The agricultural (loi)artinent iiuiiibers among its special contributors the following gentlemen : James 0. Adams, secretary of the State Board of Agriculture ; James M. Connor, of Hopkinton ; George R. Drake, of Pittsfield ; G. A. Simons, of Wearc, and others. The session of the State J^egislature in 18.S1 was specially reported for The Union by John T. Hulme. In 1883 and 1885 the same gentleman took charge of the work. Regular staft' correspondents of Tlw Union are located at Concord, Nashua and Portsmouth. At Concord the duty is performed by True L. Xorris, at Nashua by Charles S. Bussell, and at Portsmouth by Samuel W. Emery. A large force of correspondents furnish local news from all the prominent points in the State. The Granges of the State have by vote ap- pointed special correspondents to furnish the news pertaining to that order. Since the inauguration of the morning daily, Dana 1. Ea.stman has taken the press rei)orts and furnished by ftir more " copy " than any other single individual. The mechanical departments of the paper are in charge of the following gentlemen : Foreman of the composing-room, Frank T. Parsons ; day foreman, J. AV'ilbur Fife; foreman of the press-room, Edward H. Murjihy ; engineer, James Barry ; mailing and deliv- ery clerk, John N. Pearsons. The counting-room is presided over by Howard L. Kelley, who, since 1880, has attended to the manifold duties of the business office. The growth of the MancheMer Union has been mar- velous. In 1851 an unpretentious weekly sheet, started for the purpose of educating the people in the principles of true Democracy, a work in which its founderspent the best and most fruitful yearsof his busy life; struggling against the apathy and indifference of men who had yet to learn the value of a newspaper and to estimate its real worth; slowly thrusting its roots down deeper and deeper into tlie pulilic mind, and getting a firmer grasp upon the public confidence, from which it drew nourishment, while giving in return the best results of the facile pens and fertile brains of its editors, until to-day, grown strong and self-reliant, it takes its place among the solid and substantial institutions of the Granite State. The Union is an able exponent of the i)rinciples of the Democratic party, fearless and outspoken in its views, and takes front rank among the leading dailies of New England. Joseph Clii roiti) Moore.— Hon. Josejih Clifl'ord Moore, editor of the Munchenter Union and the finan- cial head of the Union I'ulilishing Company, is a thorough representative of that valuable class known as self-made men. He is the second son of Dr. D. F. and Frances S. Moore, and was born in Loudon. N. H., August 22, 1845. His early education was limited to th 3 common schools, and more or les« shared with labor. Later in life, having made the best of such advantages as came within his reach, he pursued witli success a course of medical training at New York , Medical College. From this training he returned to Lake Village, the business centre of the town of Gil- ford, which has been his home since he was ten years of age, and entered upon the practice of medicine in partnership with his father. Dr. D. F. Moore. This was in 1866, and from that time up to his joining in the newspaper enterprise at JIanchester, in November, 1879, he followed his profession with untiring industry and gratifying success. His practice extended over a wide section, and involved long hours and much arduous travel. During this time he was also active in general business enterprises. Mr. Moore began his journalistic career without the benefit of any special training whatever, but brought to the work a clear, cool head, ripe judg- ment and honest purpose; but it was early apparent that he possessed that rare quality, " the newspaper faculty." Careful, prudent, cautious and conserva- tive by nature, he applied that faculty with con- stantly increasing shrewdness and wisdom; so that the enterprise not only developed a remarkably rapid , butasoundand healthy, growth. Exercising good busi- ness judgment and methods, he successfully main- tained the financial standing of the paper, notwith- standing the excessive demands of a rapidly-growing jilant. In shaping the tone and conduct of T/m Union. he has uniformly aimed to give it a character fm independence, integrity and respectability, advancini; it on the true line of progressive modern journalism. He is a ready editorial writer on political and gene- ral topics, eschews the ornamental and descriptive, and goes straight at the meat of a matter in a plain and direct style. His methods are convincing as well as terse and vigorous. Mr. Moore has always taken a warm and active interest in politics, not from the selfish motives of the ollice-seeker, but as an ardent believer in and stanch sup|)orter of a sound, sterling and progressive De- mocracy. At the State election of 1880 he was elected a member of the State Senate from the Sixth Senatorial District, and filled the seat with credit to himself and his con.stituency. He introduced and was chiefiy instrumental in securing the passage of the measure which created the present State Board of Health. Always under self-command, easy and agreeable in manner, he proved to be valuable in legislative work, and was invariably relied upon to release the Senatorial body when sharp conflict of opinion led it into a jangle. Since the ex])iration of I tills official trust his time has been given exclusively to business matters and the conduct of the Union. In .Tatuiary, 1885, he was unanimously chosen president of the New Hampshire Club, an organiza- tion comprising the leading business and professional men of the State, and shortly after accompanied it on a successful excursion S)utli. As president of this y- .A C ^^-> i MANCHESTER. 61 body he is broad and liberal, seeking only to develop its intorests and extend its influence. Dartmoutli College, at the June comnienceaient, 18.S4, conferred upon him the degree of A.M. Mr. Moore retains his residence at Lake Village, with his aged parents. He is married, but has no children. In manner he is esisy and agreeable, and is I'avored with an excellent address and attractive per- siinal presence. In business affairs he is careful and conservative, and at the same time enterprising. Honorable and just in his transactions, he enjoys tlie confidence and respect of business men. At this writing he is in the full vigor of his powers, with the promise of a useful and successful future before him. The Farmers' Alonthlt/ Visitor, which liad been pub- lisiied at Concord by (xovernor Isaac Hill since 1838, was suspended in 1841t, but revived in this city in 1852, when Rowell, Prescott & Co. (Joseph M. Howell, George P. Prescott, Chandler E. Potter) be- came its proprietors, and Judge Potter its editor. It was publislied its an octavo of thirty-two pages, and its first number was issued in Mancliestcr, as the first number of ita twelfth volume, in January, 1852. Judge Potter bought the Granite Farmer of Mr. Adams, October 5, 1853, and Dr. Crosby retired from the editorship two weeks later. In 1854 the latter was united with the Visitor, and published in folio form under the name of the Granite Farmir and Visi- tor. Judge Potter, having bought out his partners, was then the sole proprietor and editor. About a year later Lewis H. Hildrcth, of Westford, Mass., a writer upon agriculture, came to Manchester and entered into negotations in reference to a i)aper. As a result, he and James (J. Adams each bought a third of the Farmer and 17»(7or, Judge Potter retaining a third and Mr. .\dams' name apjieariiig as that of the editor. Hildrcth, however, remained but a few months, and about .Vpril, 18.57, the paper was sold at auction to John C. Merriam & Co. (Henry C. Adams), and it was issued, July 18, 1857, as a new paper under the name of the Granite State Farmer. Subse- quently Merriam retired, and Henry C. Adams owned it for a while and then sold it to S. A. Hurlburt, who was the sole proprietor and editor — James O. Adams then leaving the editor's chair — till the latter part of 1859, when Gilniore & Martin (William H. Gil- more. Warren Martin) bought the paper and issued it in folio form as the Xew Hampshire Journalof Agri- culture. Ze|>haniah Breed and Moses A. Cortland, both of Weare, became the editors. In 1801 the paper was sold to Francis B. Eaton, who published it till January, 1863, when he sold it to John B. Clarke, who united it with the Dolliir Wcekhj .Mirror, of which he was then the owner, under the name of the Dollar Weekly Mirror and New JIainpahire Journal of Agriculture. The Crusader was l)egun in Concord about 1850. In December, 1851, it was published simultaneously in Concord and Mancliestcr, and in February, 1852, was published altogether in this city. It was not long afterwards moved to Concord, united with the Phanix of that city and afterwards absorbed by the Xeio Hampshire Gazette at Portsmouth. In 1853, Benjamin F.Stanton and William B. Burn- ham issued, lor a short time, a small sheet devoted to phonography, called the Junto Organ. A pajjer called the Ladies' Enterprise was begun January 1, 1854, and published for a time. In 1854 the Utars and Stripes, a " Know-Nothing " paper, was established, and was removed soon after- wards to Laconia and absorbed iu the Winnipesauiee Gazette. The New Hampshire Journal of Medicine was first issued at Concord in August, 1850, and was removed to Manchester in July, 1850, and continued till De- cember, 1850, when it was suspended. The New Hampshire Journal of Education was es- tablished in January, 1857, and soon after removed to Concord. The Literary Visitor, begun .January 1, 1850, by George W. Batchelder and Martin A. Haynes, was short-lived. The True Republican was started February 4, 1859, by Benjamin F. Stanton. With him were afterwards associated Hector Caufield and Orren C. Moore. The paper was continued about a year under the titles of TVue Republican, City Messenger and Republican and Manchester Republican, Moore's Musical Record, .John W. Moore, editor, was begun in January, 1857, and published monthly, by John W. Moore & Co., for two years. In Jan- uary, 18f>9, John W. Moore, Samuel C. Merrill, Charles Clough and Sylvester C. Gould began the publication o{ tha Manchester Daily News. It was soon discon- tinued. La Voix du Petiple, was begun in 18()0, but was short-lived. The Labor Journal was started March 24, 1870, by Daniel S. Holt, and soon after suspended. The Public Forum, a weekly paper, was started Sep- tember 30, 1871, as a Denuicratic journal, by George J. Foster & Co., Joshua L. Foster being its edi- tor. It was soon after removed to Dover, its name changed to that of Foster's Democrat, and is still jiuli- lishcd there. The A'eiu Hampshire Journal of Music was begun January 1, 1872, by Imri S.Whitney. .John W. Moore was its editor till the close of 1874. DisconfiniU'd. The Saturday Night Dispatch was begun Saturday, January 24, 1874, by Merritt S. Hunt. James O. Adams was associated with Mr. Hunt as editor and proprietor from Se[)tember 1, to December 1, 1874. It was subsei|Ucntly changed to Manchester Times, and conducted by Henry II. Everett until late in the win- ter of 1883, when it was discontinued. The New Hampshire Sunday Globe was begun Feb- ruary 7, 1875, by Rollins & Kingdon. Discontinued. The Manchester MWkly liudget was estnbllshed 62 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. June Ifi, 1883, by William M. Koiulall, Jr., and David M. Ladd, by whom it is still published. The success of the Budget has beeu phenomenal, the eirculation having reached seven thousand five hundred copies weekly. The size of the paper is twelve pages, seventy- two columns; subscription price, two dollars a year. The circulation of the Budget now penetrates nearly every village and school district in the State. The American Young Folks was establislied in 1875, and consolidated with the Boys and Girls of New Hampshire in March, 1S82. Editor, George W. Browne. Issued semi-monthly by the American Young Folk.s Company. j The Evho des Canadiens was established July 2, 1880, j with Leander Boudreau editor and Charles L. Fitz- patrick and Leandre Boudreau proprietors. Discon- | tiuued. Le Ratrau wa.s established November ."5, 1881. P. C. Chatel, editor and proprietor. Discontinued. i Manchester Guardian was established July 14, 1883. Charles A. O'Connor, editor-in-chief. Discontinued. The Semi-Weekly Record was started December 1, j 1883, Frank H. Challis, editor and publisher. "A penny newspaper," published on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Discontinued. Xotei and Queries, a magazine containing miscella- neous notes and queries, with answers, for professors and students, teachers and pupils, is published monthly by S. C. &L. M. (iould. Mr. S. C. Gould manifests a deep interest in his- torical matters, and has a collection of books, pam- phlets and magazines relating to Manchester, number- ing over sixteen hundred, from 1743-188.5. This collection comprises book and pamphlet lit- erature, including some of the leading magazine literature published serially. It contains the published literary etfortsof former and present residents, whether native or temporary, and whether published prior to their residence here or subsequent to their departure; also, all works relating to or published by the city. The collection also includes more or less of literature relating to Bedford, together with some relating to Londonderry and Dcrry, of which towns Manchester was formerly a part. The first published pamjihlet in reference to Man- chester, now known, is the (Rev. Joseph Secombe) " Discourse uttered in part at Ammauskeeg-Falls, in the Fishing Season, 173',l; ' Business and Diversion in- oflensive to God, and necessary for the comfort and support of human .society;' " from the text, "Simon Peter saith unto them, ' I go a fishing.' " This dis- course was printed in Boston, in 1743, — one hundred and forty-two years ago, — and only five copies are now known to be extant. The first pamphlets to be im- printed in Manchester, now known, were " An Address delivered at Pembroke, N. H., May i;i, 1841," and "A Historical Sketch of Bedford, N. H., a discourse deliv- ered July 4, 1841," both by Rev. Thomas Savage, A. M., and printed at the office of Emerson & Mur- ray, iu 1841, octavos of sixteen pages each. The first book now known to have been imprinted in Manches- ter was "The Life and Adventures of Seth Wyman ; Written by Himself," and printed by J. H. Cate, iu 1843, a duodecimo of three hundred and ten pages, bound in cloth. This book was suppressed by rela- tives of the autobiographer, before a hundred copies were sold, and is now a scarce book. EducationaL — In 1784 the town voted a liberal expenditure for educational purposes, and in that year also the town was divided into four school dis- tricts ; but it was not until 1795 that a school-house was erected in "I>erryfield." This primitive educational institution was built by private subscription and was located upon what was then known as the Falls road, in the rear of the present residence of Hon. David Crosg. This house was purchased by the town in 1798, and it was also voted that year to erect two additional ones. In 1809 the town was redistricted and a school-house built at the Centre. The school district system, which was originated in 1773, continued until 1868, when the city assumed control of the schools. The first teachers were, — 1791, Jonathan Rand; 1792, Edward Blodget, Ste- phen Potter and Frederick Hastings; 1793, William White and Peter Severens ; 1794, John Tufts and Peter Severens ; 1795, John M. Laughlin ; 1796, 1797 and 1798, Samuel Moor, Jr. ; 1799, Samuel Moor, Jr., and Mathew Reed. Mr. Rand was the first teacher in town of whom any record can be found. The wages paid were from eight to twelve dollars a month. The highest sum ; paid per month from 1791 to 1801, as appears from the selectmen's book, was " to Samuel Moor, Jr., ; twelve dollars for keeping school in the lower district one mouth." The school property now owned by the city is val- ued at over three hundred thousand dollars, and con- ' sits of a High School building, on Beech Street, valued at forty-five thousand dollars, and numerous others. HioH ScHooi,. — The High School was first kept in the old building now standing on the corner i>f Low- ell and Chestnut Streets. The house was erected in 1841 at a cost of three thousand dollars, and was used for a district school, with David P. Perkins as the first master. Some five or six years later it was changed to a High School, and in 1867 it was moved to its present locati(m, on Beech Street, the new building having been erected to meet the demand for better accommodations for the school. Fraxki.ix Stkkkt Schools. — The school formerly I called the South Grammar School was originally kept in a chapel on Concord Street, from which it was moved, in 1847, to the brick building on Park Street, built for its use. Ten years later it was transferred to its jiresent location, on the corner of Franklin and ' Pleasant Streets. This building and lot are valued at eighteen thousand dollars. i, MANCHESTER. C3 Si'Klxti tJTKEET ScHOOl>s. — A sc'hool was begun in 1848 in tiie brick building on Spring Street, and then called the North Uranimar. Jloses T. Brown was its hrst principal. Lincoln Street Schools. — Under the name of the Kast Grammar, a school was begun in 1867, in the new High School house, with two divisions, gathered from the North and South Grammar Schools. In the fall of 1868 another division was added, and in the spring of 1869 it was moved to the old High School building, where a first division was added and a master was appointed. In 1871 a new house was built for its accommodation on the corner of Lincoln and Merrimack Streets, worth fitU- thousand dollars, where it is now located. .\sii Street Orammau Schools. — In 1874 a tine building was erected on the corner of Ash and Bridge •Streets to meet the growing demand for school facili- ties, and a grammar school was established, composed of pupils residing in the northeiistern section of the city. The building is a fine sjiecimen of school arch- itecture, and is valued at fifty-eight thousand dollars. Mais Street Schools, West Maxchkster. — With the annexation of Piscataipiog village, in 1853, the grammar school came under the care of the city. It was kept in the Centre Street building until 1874| when it was removed to its present location, on Main •Street. An addition was made to the building in 1882 for the accommodation of the considerable in- crease in pupils. Werster Street Sc;hools, West Manchester. . — During the year 1882 a handsome school building was erected on Webster Street, between Elm and Chestnut, at a cost of seventeen thousand dollars. It is designed for scholars residing at the north end of the city. Two schools are already located there. There are other schools located on Blodgctt, Bridge, Lowell, Manchester, Merrimack and Beech Streets ; also on South Main Street and School Street, West Manchester. There are a number of suburban schools. The largest of these is located at Bakers- ville. The school building was erected in 1883 at a cost of twelve thousand dollars. Others arc: No. 1, Stark District; No. 2, Amoskeag ; No. 3, Bakcrs- ville ; No. 4, (loffc's Falls ; No. 5, Harvey District ; No. 6, Webster's Mills; No. 7, Hallsville; No. 8, Youngsville; No. 9, Mosquito Pond. Catholic KnrcArioNAi. Estarlishments. — Miiiint Si. Mary's .-Vcademy, corner Union and Laurel Streets, is under the control of the Sisters of Mercy. This is a boarding-school for young ladies. It has been in existence for twenty-five years, and has an average attendance of sixty jnipils. The course of studies, euibracing five years, includes all the branches of a useful ami ('hristiau education. Young ladies of all religious denominations are received, and inter- ference with their religious convictions is scrupulously avoided. The present superior is Rev. Mother Fran- ces Leeson. The school for boys in Park Street, taught by twelve Sisters of Mercy; Rev. Thos. Corcoran, princi- l>al. Number of scholars, about four hundred. St. Joseph's School for boys, corner of Lowell and Beach Streets, taught by six Sisters of Mercy. Num- ber of pupils, two hundred and fifty. St. Joseph's School for girls, corner Lowell and Pine Streets, taught by six Sisters of Mercy. Number of pupils, two hundred and fifty. The schools of St. .rosejjh's parish are undi-r the immediate su]>ervision of the right reverend bishop. St. Agnes' School for girls, corner Union and Spruce Streets, taught by seven Sisters of Mercy. Number of scholars, three hundred. St. Augustine's School for boys and girls. East Spruce Street, taught by Sisters of Jesus and Mary. Number of pu|)ils, five hundred. St. Mary's School for boys and girls, connected with St. Mary's Church, West Manchester. This school has just been erected, and will be under the control of the Sisters of Providence. It will accomodate four hundred |iuiiils. i'/inrifiib/e Institutions. — St. Patrick's Home and Hospital, Hanover Street, conducted by the Sisters of Mercy. Number of orphans, sixty ; patients in hospital, fifteen. St. Patrick's Home for Aged Women, Hanover Street, managed by the Sisters of Mercy. Number of inmates, fifteen. (lERMAN School. — The first German School-house in the State of New Hampshire was dedicated here in 1884. It is located at the corner of Third and Ferry Streets, and is of brick, thirty-two by forty-eight in size, and two stories in height, with a flat roof. Over the main entrance, on Third Street, are two tablets of polishecl granite, bearing in gilt letters of (icrnian text the words, " Deutsch Schule " and the year of erection, " 1884." The German School Society, to which this convenient and comfortable little edifice owes its existence, was organized August 22, 1875, nuiinly through the cfl'orts of members of theTurn- verein. The State Iniu'strial School. — The movement which resulted in the establishment of this institution was started in 1855, when the Legislature passed an act authorizing the Governor and Council to appoint a board of three commissioners, empowered to buy a tract of land and erect buildings thereon, to provide a "house of rcformatiiin for juvenile and female oll'end- ers against the laws." The connuissioners— the Hon. Frederick Smyth, of Manchester, the Hon. Matthew Harvey, of Concord, and Hosea Eaton, of New Ips- wich — were appointed that year, and selected, as the site for the house projiosed, the fiirni which was c»nee the home of General John Stark, two miles north of the city hall, on the east bank of the Merrimack River, containing about one hundred acres. The price paid was ten thousand dollars, and another piece of ten acres was bought soon after for a thou- 64 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIKE. sand dollars more. The building was eorameneed in the spring of 1856, finished in the autumn of 1857 and furnished in the spring of 1858. Its cost was thirty-four thousand dollars; the total cost of build- ing and land was forty-live thousand dollars. The house was dedicated on the 12lh of May, 1858, and occupied at that time, when the first superintendent. Brooks Shattuck, was appointed. He was succeeded, on the 20th of April, 1S6G, by Isaac H. Jones. Upon his departure Edward Ingham was elected, the 17tii of May, 1870. The present superintendent, John C. Ray, was appointed on the 2d of July, 1874. The institution is now known as the tetate Industrial School, and is under the management of a board of seven trustees, by whom the superintendent is chosen, and who are appointed by the Governor and Council. A fire, on the 20th of December, 18(55, nearly destroyed the building, and the children were temporarily kept in the buildings known as the "Stark house" and "Gamble house," which had stood near by since the early settlement of the town. During their residence in it the "Stark house" was set on fire and consumed. As soon as possible after the fire the old school build- ing wiis repaired and the inmates returned to it. The institution is in annual receijit of interest from the legacies of .lames McKeen Wilkins, of Manchester, and Moody Kent, of Pembroke, which amount to eight thousand and three thousand dollars respectively; also the income from Miss Louise Penhallow's bequest of one thousand dollars, to be expended for a library. The Manchester City Library' was established in September, 1854, under the terms of a contract between the Manchester Athenajum and the city of Manchester, whereby the library of the Athenaeum was transferred to the city, to be the foundation of a free public library. The Jlanche.ster Athena-uni was established in Feb- ruary, 1844, mainly through the etibrts of Hon. Samuel D. Bell, Hon. Daniel Clark, Hon. Herman Foster, Hon. Moody Currier, David Gillit, Esq., John A. Burnham, Esq., William A. Burke, Esq., and others, with the design of founding a library, reading-room and museum. In accordance with the liberal policy pursued by the manufacturing corporations towards the iiublic institutions in the city, the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company presented to the AtheniBum the sum of one thousand dollars, and the Stark Mills and the Manchester Print-Works the sum of five hundred dollars each, for the purchiise of books for its library. Donations and loans of books were also made to the library by many of the members of the association, and accessions w'ere made by purchase from time to time from the money derived from mem- bership and the annual tax. For the following ten years the library of the Athenanim continued to in- crease in size and value till, in 1854, it numbered nearly three thousand volumes. By Hon. Natban P. Hiiut. In 1854 the subject of the establishment of a free public library having been brought to the attention of the City Council by the mayor, Hon. Frederick Smyth, in his inaugural address, a committee was ap- pointed to confer with the managers of the Atheuieum in relation to the transfer of the library of the Athen- anim to the city lor that i)urpose. The matter was favorably considered by the managers of the Athen- ieum, and a proposition made by them to transfer gratuitously to the city their library and other prop- erty, to form the basis of a public library. This propo- sition was accepted by the city, and authority for the purpose having been obtained Irom the Legislature, the transfer of the library was made to the city in accordance with a contract, dated September 6, 1854,. executed by the Athenaeum and the city, and the City Library established on a permanent basis. The ct)ntract provides that the city shall annually appropriate and pay to the trustees of the library a sum not less than one thousand dollars, to be expended in the purchase of books and periodicals, and shall, by suitable appropriations, provide for the expense of maintaining the library. The control and manage- ment of the afl'airs of the library is vested in a board of nine trustees, of whom the mayor of the city and president of the Common Council are members ex qffieiis. One trustee is elected annually, by joint ballot of the board of trustees and of the aldermen of the city, for the term of seven years. Thus established, the library progressed successfully until February 5, 1856, when, by the burning of Pat- ten's Block, in which the library was located, the whole library, with the exception of about six hundred volumes, — the greater part of which were odd vol- umes, — was destroyed. Immediate measures were tiiken by the trustees to reorganize the library and replace the books destroyed, and it was reopened to the imblic July 22, 1856, in rooms obtained in Mer- chants' Exchange, but subsequently was again located in Patten's Block, when it was rebuilt in 1857. In 1871 the city erected a brick building for the use of the library, upon a lot on Franklin Street, which was given to the city for this purpose by the Amoskeag Jlanufacturing Company, the cost of which was about thirty thousand dollars. In 1881 the increase of the library requiring larger aceonmiodation, an addition was made to the library building, at a cost of nine thousand dollars. The addition nearly doubled the cai)acity of the library building and [)ri)vidcd for the regular increase of the library for many years. At the date of the last report of the trustees, December 31, 1884, there were in the library about twenty-eight thousand volumes, including pamphlets, of which there are about nineteen hundred. Connected with the library is a reading-room, which is sui)plied with sixty-seven periodicals and newspapers, and the library and reading-room are both open to the 2>ublic eight hours each day and evening, except Sundays, through- out the vear. ! MANCUESTEll. 65 The liito Oliver Doau, who was prominently con- iiecteil with the niiinufucturing interests of the city, bequeathed to the library a legacy of five thousand dollars, the income of which is expended by the trustees in the purchase of scientific, mechanical and technical works, and designated as the "Dean Fund Purchase." | In 1872 the Hon. Gardner IJrewcr, of Boston, Mass., presented to the library a collection of six hundred and eighty-three volumes of the Tauchnitz edition, uniformly and handsomely bound, which is known as the "Brewer Donation." In 1876 Hon. Moody Currier presented the libraiy with Bohn's Standard, C'la.ssical, Illustrated, Ecclesiastical, Scien- tific and Anti(iuariaii Libraries, and Harper's Select Family Library. To these lie subsequently added a number of valuable works on ecclesiastical history, and a collection of Greek, Latin and foreign authors in the original text. The number of volumes in this collection now amounts to eleven hundred and forty- seven volumes, which are known as the " Currier Dona- tion." Under the will of Mary E. Elliot, late of this city, the sum of two thousand dollars was bequeatlied to the city of Manchester, to be securely invested, and the annual income thereof to be spent in the purchase of medical books and periodicals. This amount became available in the early part of the year 188-^, and the income when sufficient will be devoted to the class of books indicated, which will be placed in alcoves by them.sclvcs and designated as the "Elliot Fund Purchase." A large number of other citizens ; have also, from time to time, generously aided in the increase and usefulness of the library by donations of valuable books and fdes of news|)a[)ers. The volumes in the library arc well selected as to use and value, and the whole collection contains a fair representation of every department of English literature, as well as the sciences and arts. In the selection of books for the increase of the library it has always been the policy of the trustees, while pro- viding a reasonal)le number of books of a more tem- porary character as the demand from the patrons of the library for the same seemed to require, to eSpeiid by far the larger part of the amount appropriated by the City Council in the purchase of works of ])crma- nent value. This course, pursued for so many years, has made the library one of the most valuable in the State. The library is i)articularly valuable in the number of volumes relating to local history and in its files of newspapers, many of which, if destroyed, could not bo replaced. The first Hoard of Trustees consisted of Samuel D. Bell, Daniel Clark, Ezckicl A. Straw, Saiiiuel X. Bell, William C. Clarke, David Gillis and William P. Newell. In 1862 David Gillis removed from the city and was succeeded by Samuel Webber. Mr. Webber served as trustee till September, 1864, when he resigned, he also having removed from the city. 6 The vacancy thus occasioned was filled by the elec- tion of Phinehas Adams, who continued in office till 1876, when he was succeeded by Moody Currier. Upon the death of Samuel D. Bell in 1868, Water- man Smith was chosen to fill the unexpired terra, and was succeeded in 1873 by Nathan P. Hunt. Upon the death of William C. Clarke in 1872, Isaac W. Smith was elected a member of the board. Sam- uel N. Bell resigned in September, 1879, and Luciau B. Clough was elected to fill the vacancy. Ezekiel A. Straw died in 1882 and was succeeded by Thomas L. Livermore. The present board therefore consists of Daniel Clark, William P. Newell, Nathan P. Hunt, Lucian B. Clough, Thomas L. Livermore, Moody Currier and Isaac W. Smith, and the mayor and president of the common council. The first treasurer of the trustees was Samuel N. Bell, who held the office till he resigned in September, 1879, when he was succeeded by Nathan P. Hunt. William C. Clarke was clerk of the board from its organization till his death in April, 1872. Isaac W. Smith was chosen to fill the vacancy in .lanuary, 1873. Mr. Smith served as clerk till January, 1876, when he resigned and Nathan P. Hunt was elected in his place. At the organization of the library Francis B. Eaton was chosen librarian and served in that ca- pacity till September 30, 1863, when he resigned and Marshall P. Hall was elected to succeed him. 51r. Hall served till June, 1865, when he also resigned and Benjamin F. Stanton was appointed to fill the position. The latter resigned in April, 1866, when Charles H. Marshall was elected. Mr. Marshall held the office till July 1, 1877, when Mrs. Lizzie B. Davis wiis elected, and resigning July 1, 1878, was suc- ceeded by Mrs. M. .T. Buncher, the present incum- bent. CHAPTER V. MANCHESTER— ((7oiiIanuractun-«, The Amoskeag National Bank. — The Amoskcag Bank was incorporated June 21, 1S48, and commenced business, in October of the same year, with a capital of SilOO,(X)0. This was increased, .Vugust 5, 1860, to $iri(),00n, and, August 7, isr)4, to $200,(100. The first board of directors were elected October 2, 1848, as follows: Richard H. Ayer, Samuel D. Bell, Mace Moulton, Stephen D. Green, John S. Kidiler, Sle|>hcii Maiiahaii and Eilson Hill. Richard H. Ayer 61) HISTORY OP HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. was chosen president and Moody Currier cashier. February 14, 1853, Walter French succeeded Mr. Aver as president and officiated until his death, which occurred in a railway accident, at Norwalk, Conn., the same year. May 9, 1853, John S. Kidder was ciiosen president and officiated until the bank was discontinued. The first and only cashier was Moody Currier. The Amoskeag National Bank was organized No- vember 1, 1S64, with a capital of $100,000, which was increased, June 12, 1865, to $200,000. The first board of directors was as follows: Moody Currier, John S. Kidder, Stephen D. Green, Edson Hill, ITenry Putney, Adam Chandler, Daniel Clark, Dar- win J. Daniels and Horace Johnson. Moody Cur- rier was chosen president and G. Byron Chandler cashier, both of whom still hold their respective offices. Hon. Moody Currier, LL.D., the present Gover- nor of New Hampshire and one of the leading bankers and capitalists of the State, has been the architect of his own fortune, and by his energy, clear business fore- sight and indomitable will, has risen from a penniless laborer on the rocky farms of Merrimack County to the present exalted and honorable position he oc- cupies among the citizens of his native State. The rudiments of his education were acquired at home, in the evening, after the day's work was done, and in this manner he fitted himself to enter Hopkinton Academy. From thence he went to Dartmouth College, where he graduated with high honors in the class of 1834. Hon. Daniel Clark, of this city, also graduated in this class. After leaving college he taught school one term at Concord and one year at Hopkinton Academy, and then became principal of the High School at JjOwell.Mass., where he remained until 1841. In the spring of that yfear, having, in the mean time, read law, he came to Man- cht'ster, was admitted to tlie bar and formed a part- nership with Hon. George W. Morrison for the practice of his profession. This partnership continued about two years when it was dissolved, and Mr. Currier pursued his profession alone until 1848, acquiring a large and lucrative practice. During this time he had developed rare skill as a financier, and upon the organization of the .\moskeag Bank, in 1848, was elected its cashier, a position which he retained until its reorganization as a National Bank, in 1864, when he was chosen president of the bank, and is the present incumbent. Mr. Currier has led an active life and has been prominently iden- tified with many of the largest and most successful Dioiiied institutions in the city and State. He has been trciisurer of the Amoskeag Savings-Bank since its incorporation in 1852, a director of the People's Savings Bank and of the Manchester Mills since their organ- ization. He was a director of the Blodgett Edge Tool Company and a director and treasurer of the Amoskeag Axe Company. He was also treasurer of the Concord Railroad in 1871 and 1872 ; has been treasurer of the Concord and Portsmouth Railroad since 1856; pres- ident of the Ea.stern Railroad in New Hamjishire since 1877 ; treasurer of the N ew England Loan Com- pany since 1874; director of the Manchester Gas- Light Company since 1862, besides holding various other positions of trust and responsibility, in all of which he has been eminently successful. Notwithstanding he has been actively engaged in the management of large financial operations, he has found time to indulge his taste for literary pursuits, and is one of the most accomplished scholars in the State. While a teacher in Concord, he edited a lit- erary journal and later edited and published a weekly paper in this city. His tastes have led him into the realm of poetry, and in 1879 a volume of his poems was published for private circulation. Politically, Mr. Currier is a Republican. Prior to 1852, however, he affiliated with the Democratic party, which elected him clerk of the State Senate in 1843 and 1844. He subsecjuently became a Free- soiler and has been a member of the Republican party since its organization. He was a member of the Senate in 1856 and 1857, and in the latter year president of that body. In 1860 and 1861 he was a member of the Governor's Council and chairman of the committee for raising and equiping troops to fill New Hampshire's quota of men in the War of the Rebellion. In 1876, Mr. Currier was one of the Presi, Hon. James A. Weston was elected president, to succeed Hon. Clinton W. Stanley. In 1880 the name of the bank was changed to the Merchants' National Bank. The present board of directors are Hon. .lames A. Weston, John C. French, Hon. Nathan P. Hunt, Bushrod W. Hill, Hon. John M. Parker, Hon. Charles H. Bartlett and William C. Rogers. OHicers : President, Hon. James ,\. We.ston ; Cashier, Daniel W. I,ane. The First National Bank was Ineorporaticl under the name of the Merrimath, anil was accepted .\iignst 1st by the fol- lowing board of grantees: William Whittle,' William O. Means, John II. Moore,' Peter I'. Woodbnry,' Frederick Smyth. WilliaTii I', .Newell, 'l'iine(l. office of Frederick Smyth, No. 4 Smyth's Block. Suitable by-laws were adoi)ted, the capital stock, one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, divided into fifteen hundred shares, and the requisite machinery for the successful working of the new institution was provided. The first organization was as follows: Directors, William G. Jlcans, William V. Newell, William Whittle, Waterman Smith, .lohn H. Moore, B. F. Martin, David Cross ; President, Willi;im G. Means; (^iushier, Frederick Smith ; Clerk, John D. Irving. The Bank of Commerce, in Boston, was selected as a place of deposit. The discount of notes was author- ized November 1, 18.55, and the first loan was made to the agent of the Manchester Mills. By November 7lh the capital stock had all been subscril>ed and paid in. In 1856 the board of directors was re-elected and in November of that year William Whittle re- signed and Phinehas Adams was chosen in his place, and there was no further change until 1850, when Mr. Means resigned as president, and was succeeded by B. F. Martin, who served one year, and w.is suc- ceeded by Waterman Smith, who continued until 1884, when he was succeeded by .lolin Frederick Smyth, the present incumbent, .lohn Frederick Smyth was cashier of the bank from its incorporation, in I.S55, to 1884, when he was succeeded by the |«res- scnt cashier, Jlr. Charles F. Morrill. Onthe22dof March, 18(15, the stockholders voted to reorganize, under United States laws, ius the First National B.auk of Manchester, and the old board of officers continued until the annual meeting in the following .lanuary, when they were re-elected. The present olficers and directors are as follows: Hon. Frederick Smyth, pri'sident ; Hon. David Cross, vice-president ; Charles F. .Morrill, cashier ; John P. Goggin, clerk ; DirecUirs, David Cross, Joseph B. Clark, Thomas Wheat, Frederick Smyth, F. B. Eaton. Frank Dowst, .loseph F. Kennard. The clerks in employ, in the order ol time in which they are name. Irving, now insurance commissioner, Toledo, Ohio; Samuel T. Foster, died in Washington, I ). C. ; H. A. Viarly, banker in Boston, Mass. ; George (iage, now bank commissioner for New Ham|ishire ; George I!. Lord, now at St. Louis, Mo.; W. R. WalkiT, in savings-bank at C 'ord, N. 11.: .losiali Morrill, died while in the employ of the bank; .bdin Porter, resigned on account of ill-health. The charter was obtained against the most strenuous opposition on the part of other resident bankers, and was re- garded as a personal triumph of Mr. Smyth. The fact (line accomplished, however, all opposition sub- sided, and till' business rehitioUH have ever been har- monious with his fellows. His Ibrtunale investments and always ciHisorvative management have gained for the bank an enviable reputation, secoixi to none in the State. l"i!i:i)i;itii\., who did a large business in the sale of general merchandise in Manchester. During the days of his clerkship he was librarian of a reading club, of which Samuel I). Bell, John A. Burnham, John Porter and others were members, when the Xorth American Sepieu; the Southern IJternry Meniienger, the Knicker- bocker Marjazine, etc., were placed .within his reach. This appears to have been the germ of the Manches- ter Athena'um. After about two years he entered into company with John Porter, Esq., and bought out his employer. This was the beginning of a brief but successful mercantile career, which terminated with liis election as city clerk in 1849. While in trade he was very scrupu- hms in regard to his financial obligations. In the panic of 1847 every firm doing business on the street went under, except two, and one of those was that with which Mr. Smyth was connected. I, ike others, he was compelled to trust out large ipiantities of goods, and was unable to cummand much ca|>ital. He went to his Boston creditors, frankly told them his situation, said he did not want to fail, and so impressed them with his evident sincerity of purpose that they promised him all the gooils and time he wanted. The event justilied their confidence, and to-day no man H ho knows him needs to be told that his word is as good as his bonpposition, and his fourth with virtually none at all. iJuriiigliis second year the Amoskcag Falls bridge was rebuilt, and parts of Goffstown and Bedford were annexed to the city. The most honorable monument, however, which will stand to his name is the part he took in the foundation of a free public library. In the first instance, the conception belcjugs to the late Hon. Samuel D. Bell, but it is very doulitful if that idea would ever have been realized without the active and persistent efforts of the mayor. The city government of that day was composed of men mostly practical in their ideas, with Init little faith in the value or necessity of literary culture. Workingmen were op- posed to all needless expenditures in city afliiirs, and it required tact and wi.se handling to get a measure which called tor an annual expenditure of two thou- sand dollai-s, with a certainty of future increase, framed into a law, and it was largely d\ie to the confidence they had in their chief executive officer that they supported the mcasu.'-c. When Mayor Smyth was about retiring, as he supposed finally, at the end of his third year, the following resolution, offered by the Hon. S. D. I'cll, Alarch 7, 1854, was unanimously voted : " Rcnolred, That the thanks of the trustce.s of the City Library beprescntcd to the Hon. Frederick Smyth for the early, decided and succes.sful exertions made by him, as chief magistrate of the city, for the estab- lishment of a free public library." In 1855 he was appointed by (iovernor Metcalf .ind Council chairman of commissioners to locate and builil a House of Kefbrmalion for juvenile oH'cnders, the late ex-Governor i larvey, of the United Stales ( 'ircuit Court, and the late Hon. Hosea Eaton, being his asso- ciates. The signal success of this institution Is well known to every intelligent citi/.en, but many have doubtless forgotten the storm of parti.san obl(M|uy through which it was piloted to popular favor. From the first Mr. Smyth thoroughly believed in it, and in his remarks at the dedication, in 1858, he .said : "This institution to-day dedicated .supjdies a need of the State, that incipient crime may not become confirmed wickedness; that the jail and tlic priso/i may not forever harden ami fix what they were designeil "t^fLey'Z^t^!//^ L MANCHESTER. 69 to prevent." The importance of this occasion can hardly l)e over-estimated, if we look at the sad pro- portion of young persons on the criminal li.st in our own and othcrStates. If \vc investigate the results of means which it is now proposed to use, that society may be saved from the curse of their vicious lives, and them- selves from the greater curse of mental and moral de- struction, we shall find that the cost in dollars and cents dwindles in comparison into utter insignificance. He was able, also, to announce that " the building had been completed within the amount appropriated, that no contractor had failed to perfoim his work, that not one cent of the amount had been expended except through legitimate channels and for duly authorized purposes." Governor liaile, in the course of his re- ply, complimented the commission upon the fidelity ■with which their work was done. In the years 1857-58, Mr. Smyth was a member of the House of Representatives in the State Legislature, and was also made treasurer of the Reform School, in the good management of which he took great interest. His executive ability and reputation as a good linan- cier caused him to be selected as the treasurer of the New Hampshire Agricultural Society, and the ten years during which he held that place were years of the society's greatest usefulness. He was also a di- rector in the United States Agricultural Society, and manager of the tliree great fairs hehl at Kichmond, ■Chicago and St. Louis by the National Association, and also vice-president of the American Pomological Society, which, under the lead of the venerable Mar- shal P. Wilder, has done so much to improve Ameri- can fruits. Jleantime, men were ncjt wanting who believed in our mayor's fitness for the highest otfice in the State, and in the convention which nominated Ichabod ■Goodwin, in 1859, he stood fourth on the list of candi- dates. In 18(;0 he was president of the State Repub- lican Convention, ami was soon after appointed by Secretary Ch;ise one of the agents to obtain subscrip- tions to the national loan. In 181)1 he was appointed as one of the agents on the part of the United States to the International Exhibition at London, where Her Majesty's commissioners made him a juror; by the Jury he was made reporter, a position which gave him some advantages not easily obtaine:{) he was again elected mayor of Manchester, under what circumstances and to what end, let another say. The Dnili/ Mirror and Ameri- can, of November 2S, lSi;4, in it« leading editorial, said, — 70 HISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. "A year ago this month the (.iovernor and Council' of New Hampshire wisely recommeudcd the towns and cities of this State to cash the Government bounty of $302, payable in installments, and fill up their quotas. The advice was taken. It took between three and four railliims of dollars of ready money to carry out the idea. It drained every bank, and made, lor the time being, the best securities seem of no account in raising money. Manchester was in trou- ble; she needed more funds than could be had, and, with all her wealth, seemed like a beggar. ... In this critical condition of financial affairs the question of mayor of tliis city came up. The field was can- vassed again and again, and each time the report would be ' Hon. Frederick Smyth is the man, but he won't take it.' It was a necessity that the chief executive of the city should have the confidence of business men and be familiar with financial matters. Finally, the pressure was so great that some of our leading citizens went to him and convinced him that it was his duty to accept of the onerous position one year. He reluctantly assented, with a distinct under- standing that he should not again be called upon for that place. Some ten years ago he was three times elected to fill the office of mayor, each year with increased majorities, and time had shown that his municipal record grew higher and brighter as new opportunities to judge of its merits presented them- selves, and a year ago he was elected for a fourth term without show of opposition, an event unprecedented in our municipal history, or in that of any city in the State. It was a wise choice. From the moment he took the mayor's chair harmony prevailed in every department of the city government. He is a peace- maker. He believes that a ' house divided against itself cannot stand,' and has the power of discerning almost intuitively the average sense of mankind, what is generally called common sense, and hence is a natural leader of the people." Such was the opinion and the feeling concerning Mayor Smyth at home, where he was best known. Butthis feeling, also, had obtained toa considerable ex- tent throughout the State, and his friends had forsome time determined to present his name as a candidate for the highest office in their immediate gift. In the Republican Convention, therefore, of January, 1865, he received two-thirds of an informal ballot, which was then made unanimous by acclamation. He was elected by a majority of over six thousand, the largest majority given to any Governor for twenty-four years. He entered upon no easy task. The State was begin- ning to feel severely the stress of the time. Gradually a great debt had accumulated, regiment after regiment had been promptly equipped and sent into the field, the banks had advanced money quite to the extent of their courage, and nearly to that of their ability. In the open market we met the gold bonds of thegovern- ment, free from taxes; thcsame trouble pulsed through all the arteries of the body politic, and the people of a State always careful and conservative in all its. expenditures beheld with something like dismay this mountain of obligation, swollen into millions. It was almost impossible to get money for current ex- penses. A previous Legislature had authorized the issue of three and one-half millions of six per cent. State bonds, payable in currency; only four hundred and twenty-four thousand dollars had been taken. Governor Smyth, in his first message, recommended the issue of bonds better calculated to meet the exi- gencies of the case, and that current expenses be pro- vided for by taxation. As a matter of interest to capitalists, he took care to set forth the res(mrces of the State, its prudent habit in expenditures and the hostility to repudiation in every form, which our people had inherited from a frugal, patriotic and God- fearing ancestry. " We must," he said, " now observe the most rigid economy in expenditure, and bring the expenses to a peace basis as soon as possible. Our people are naturally economical, and hold sacred all pecuniary obligations." He compared, in a very effective manner, the agricultural products of a State which had hitherto borne the reputation of producing only men with those of some of the more fertile mem- bers of the Union, to our decided advantage. He called to mind the unrivaled water-power, with its present and prospective improvement, and urged that attention to the latent wealth of the State which due regard to our prosperity demanded. Resides these matters which had to do with the imme- diate restoration of State credit, he took advanced Re- publican ground in regard to our obligations to the freedmeuand to the maintenance of the authority of the national government. He indicated in a few words^ the factthatour indebtedness had its full compensation. "From the outbreak of the Rebellion New Hamp- shire has stood firmly by the flag: and knowing what we do to-day of the scope and aim of the great con- spiracy and of the infamous means which brought, about its inception and urged on its progress, can any one regret that the State was so far true to her hon- ored name and her noble memories as to offer without stint of her name and means for the re-establishment of national authority?" In the first three months of his administration he raised over one million of dollars on favorable terms,, a large amount of which was obtained in Manchester. From that time forward the financial affairs of the- State received the most scrupulous attention. In the haste and waste of war unavoidable contusion at times arose in accounts between the several States and the general government, and it was not only then impossible to pay our debts, but equally so to get our dues. Governor Smyth's large acquaintance with men gave him infiuencc at headquarters, and he suf- fered no opportunity to pass to advocate the claims of his State. As will appear from the following extract from the 1-Yovidence Journal, all States haj not been so fortunate: MANCHESTER. il "At the close of the war lie (Governor Smyth) tbuiid the suspended and disalluwed aceounts of the State against the jreneral iiovernnient of over one million of dollars. These disallowances and suspen- sions were mainly in the e.xpeiiditures growing out of earlier military operations previous to his accession to office. Governor Smyth did not busy himself to fix charges of petty larceny against one officer, or ol wholesale robbery against others. He did not assume that every man who was charged with fitting out the first regiment sent from the State had stolen all that he could n't duplicate vouchers for on official paper. On the contrary, he urged upon the accounting offi- cers at Washington the impetuous zeal with which the State had responded to the call of the govern- ment ; he represented the impossibility of complete exactness in the accounts. Under such circumstances he exerted himself to obtain vouchers where his predecessor had omitted to secure them, and to ex- plain their absence when they could not be procured- ... In this way he saved hundreds of thousands of dollars to the treasury of the State, and put no stain on its fair fame." Among other things relating to the prosperity of the State, the Governor took up and advocated with zeal the restoration of the fisheries. He quoted the opinion of Agassi/, and otliers, that our waters could he restocked at no great expense. In his second annual message he was able to state that the Legisla- ture of Massachusetts had been induced to move in the matter. On our own part, it was provided by law of June, 1865, that no dam or weir should be erected on the Connecticut or Jlcrrimack Rivers, or upon the Pemigewasset, Ammonoosuc,Winnipiseogceor Baker's Rivers, without suitable fishways below the bounda- ries of the State. In the Ibllowing October the Gov- ernor announced, by proclamation, that the law, by its terms, was to be enforced. The attorneys of the several corporations concerned, however, on one pre- text or anotlier, managed to delay the consummation of this useful act until a very recent period. This first year of Governor Smyth's administration was a busy one. Our soldiers were returning from the war; it was the Governor's i)ride to receive them with something of the enthusiasm and warmth which he felt was their due. lie urgeil that Slate aid sliould be exteny the general govern- ment, at Manchester. Something of this efl'ectivc service in behalf of the volunteers, no doubt, pointed him out as one peculiarly fitted to .serve on the board of managers of the National Home for disabled vol- unteer soldiers, the establishment of which, on so grand a scale, rendered State aid unnecessary. To this important place he was appointed by vote of Congress in 18GC. His associates were the President, Chief.Iiistice and Secretary of War, ex-ajl'icin; Major- (ieiicral B. F. Butler; Major-tietural .loliii II. Mar- tindalc, Rochester, N. Y.; Hon. Louis B. Gunckel, Dayton, Ohio; General Thomas O. Osborn, Chicago, 111.; Hon. Hugh L. Bond, Baltimore, Md.; Dr. Eras- tus B. Wolcott, Jlilwaukee, Wis.; Major-General John S. Caveuder, St. Louis, Mo.; Major-General James S. Negley, Pittsburgh, Pa. Governor Smyth was one of the vice-presidents of the board. He was reappointed in 1872 tor a second terra of six years. Acting on his often-expressed idea that no man ought to take an office of the kind unless he was willing to devote to the discharge of his duties all the time and effort required, he has been a very efficient manager, traveling many hundred miles annually on visits of inspection at Dayton, Milwaukee, Hampton and Au- gusta, and to be present at meetings of the board in Washington, besides giving his personal attention to the admission of soldiers to the Eastern Branch, all this without other compensation than that which arises from a consciousness of duty done. General B. F. Butler, in a letter written from Boston, said, not long since: "I know I shall echo the opinion of all his associates when I say Governor Smyth was one of the most valuable members of the board. His accurate business knowledge, the skill and ability displayed by him in adjusting complicated accounts, caused the board to |)Ut upon him more by far than his share of such work. General Gunckel, of Dayton, Ohio, said: "Every one who visits these Homes recogni/.es the peculiar fitness of the selections made, especially for the Cen- tral and Northwestern Branches ; but few people even in Ohio and Wisconsin knew how largely this result, as well as the saving of thousands of dollars in the purchase, was due to the taste and judgment, the Yankee tact and shrewdness, of New Hampshire's ex- Governor. In the management and control of an institution caring for eight hundred disabled soldiers, and expending a million and a quarter annually, there wiu enpecml need of junt such a man as Governor Sni;/l/i, and I do not exaggerate when I say that through the watchfulness and care, the courage and determination, of (Jovernor Smyth, thousands, yes, tens of thousands, of dollars were saved to the govern- ment and people." An extract from an ahed foe; it says as it means, — pence to all who will have peace, — but as a symb'd Y2 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. of the highest authority, it also proclaims a law to be obeyed. Liberty without law is worse than worth- less, for it means the liberty of the mob and of riot, and by it the weak are ojipressed and the poor made poorer yet. . . . But I hope that this building also will convey to you the idea that the four cold bare walls of an asylum is not all that the country owes or will give to its defenders. She recognizes, let us all hope and believe, the hand of an all-wise God in every act of this great drama, while com- pelled to take the sword to preserve a liberty unsul- lied by violence and law made with regard to the rights of every man, she offers to her citizens, every- where, a fireside safe from intruding wrong, and a worship and a Bible free to the humblest." In September, 186-i, the New England Agricultu- ral Society held its annual session in Concord. Gov- ernor Smyth delivered the address, and among other distinguished gentlemen present upon the platform were the late Governors Andrew, of Massachusetts, and Buckingham, of Connecticut. In his introductory remarks, Governor Smyth said : " I cannot claim to teach you as a practical farmer, but I can claim to have made a constant endeavor, in my humble way, to keep alive agricultural enterprise and to stimulate agricultural investigation. It has always been my firm conviction that the safety of the State and the l)r<>»perity of the jicople require as a foundation an intelligent knowledge of agriculture ; and while I have been oldiged to admire the practical operations of others, and to search in fields not of my own for the results of well-managed experiments, I have learned to respect the great art which feeds and clothes us, and secures for us all the comfort and beauty of adorned and civilized life u])on a subdued and cultivated earth." The address, as a whole, was received with very marked favor, and the volume of the "Society's Transactions" in which it was pub- lished met with a large sale. In some remarks following. Governor Andrew took occasion to thank the speaker for his eloquent words, and called for cheers, first for " His E.\cel- lency. Governor Smyth, and ne.xt for Governor Smith's address." During this and the succeeding year he gave many brief talks at county and other fairs, always evincing the liveliest interest in the welfare of the State. At Milford, in the course of his remarks, he said: " I know it is often said that ' New Hampshire is a good State to emigrate from,' and perhaps it is generally believed that our young men can better their fortunes by turning their backs upon their mother State and seeking elsewhere for larger returns and richer rewards for their labors and enterprise. For one, I do not share In this feeling. I believe that ours is not only agooIr. Smyth now found it expedient to devote his time to the interest of the banking institutions of which mention has been made, and to his personal business affairs. In 1876 he was an active member of the Constitu- tional Convention, when several important amend- ments were made to the State constitution, including the removal of the Religious Test Act. One of his marked characteristics is an unwearied industry, and it seems to be the opinion that one who preciated the worth of his helpful companion, and for nearly forty years their mutual devotion was a noble example of the beauty and sacredness of the marital relation. Her health had for the most part been so good, and her manner was always so hopeful and cheery that no immediate alarm was felt at her con- dition. A few weeks, however, devclo|)ed fatal symptoms, and in spite of all that the best medical science of the country and the care of skillful nurses could do, Mrs. Smyth died 'January 14, 1885. The obsequies at the Franklin Street Church called out i ^ MANfllESTKR. !•> ail iiiiiucii:ie concourse of peojde eiiger to liriug tributes of iillection anil to dn honor to the lovely character of the departed. For many years Mr. Smyth luus had an extensive acquaintance with the |inl)lic men of the time. It will lie remeiiiliored that six numths prior to Mr. Lincoln's iKiinination for the I'residcncv lie intro- duced him from the platform in Smyth's Hall as the next President, and with Mr. Lincoln, and in after- days with his great war minister, Stanton, he was on most friendly terms. His conservative course in finance, his reputation as a safe adviser and his freneral sood judgiiient on |iublic all'airs has caused liis (uiiiisel to be often .sought in high quarter.s. A truth which forms a large part of every man's experience ought never to lose its freshness. There is no royal road to succe-ss. Ex-Governor Smyth luis had the advantage of good health, a sound constitu- tion and great power of endurance; but he is one of the most industrious men in the State, and the means by which he has achieved his position are open to every young man of equal energy, self-denial, high aim and conscious rectitude of purpose. Some of the results which he set himself to attain were beset with dillicuhies ; but he was not di.scouraged by oji- positioM or disheartened by delay. The Second National Bank was chartered in 1877. 'I'he lirsl board of directors, which has not changed since, was ius follows : Aretas Blood, .losiah t'ari)enter, Frank V. t'arpeiiter, .lohii Hoyt and X. S. Bean. Mr. Blood was elected president and .losiah t'arpenter ciLshier, positions which they still occupy. The bank has u capital of one hundred thousand dollars. Aretas Bi-ooD, son of Nathaniel and ]{oxellaiia (Proctor) Blood, was born in Weatherslield,Vt., October S, 18U!. When he was but three years of age his parents removed to Windsor, Vt,, where he remained until sev- enlecn years of age, improving the meagre advantage-s alforded by the common schools of those days. He was then apprenticed to the trade of blacksmith, which he worki'd al about two years and a half and then became a machinist. In IMO he journeyed to Kvaiisville, Ind., where he worked at his trade until .lunc 17, 1.S41, when he started eastwaril in .search of employment. He stopped at city after city, but each time was disappointed in his hopes. He traveled on, however, still in quest of work, and it was not until he reached North ( 'hclmsford, Ma.ss., that he found empliiynieiil for his ready and willing hands. Alter remaining here a short time he subsei|Uently went to Lowell as a machinist in the Lowell Machiiie-Shop. Here he remained seven ycai's and then went to Law- rence, where he commenced the nianufucture of mii- chiiiist.s' tools for the large machine-shop then in pro- cess of erection at that place. Here the eliaracter of the man asserted itself. His ability demanded greater scope, and soon after be assiinii il the management of the establishment there and began the miiiinfacture, by contract, of tools, turbine-wheels, locomotives, stationary engines, etc. His untiring energy had at last found its reward. He was master of the busiiu>ss. September 7, 1853, he came to Manchester and estab- lished the Vulcan Works, under the name of Bailey, Blood & Co., for the manufacture of locomotives. Business was first commenced in Mechanics' Row, but in the .sjiring of 18o4 buildings were erected on the present location and in the same year tlie company was incorporated as the Manchester Locomotive- Works, with Oliver W. Bailey as agent. He was succeeded in 1857 by Afr. Blood, who has since resided in Manchester and has given his personal supervision to the business. The l(K'oniotivc-works are located on Canal Street and cover about six acres. The machine-shop is a substantial building, parallel with Canal Street, two stories in height, four hundred and thirty feet in length and eighty-lbiir in width. The wood-slio|i is also a two-story building, one hundred feet long and tbrty feet wide; the blacksmith-sho]) is three hundred and sixty-five feet long and fifty feet wide; the boiler- shop, two hundred and five feet long and fifty-two feet wide. There is also a large brick building, two hundred and thirty by thirty-si.x feet, for making bra.ss cast- ings and building steam fire-engines. In the spring of 1872, Mr. Blood purchased the steam fire-engine business of the Amoskeag Company, good-will, pat- ents, etc., and now manufactures the "Amoskeag Engine," which is the old engine in name only, as it has been entirely remodeled and is now one of the iiio.st com]dete, perfect and etticient engines manut'ac- tured. There are now over six hundred and fifty of these engines in use. Here are also built all kinds of hose-carriages, fire apparatus, etc. Mr, Blood has proved one of the most successful locomotive-builders in the country, twelve hundriil and twenty-three having been turned out at these works. .V thorough machinist and a man capable of handling a large force of men and conducting large business operations, he has commanded success, and the MaiK'heslcr Locomotive- Works are one of the repre- sentative institutions of manufacturing New Kngl.ind, Mr, Blood is also a director in the .\nies .Manufac- turing Company, of Chicopee, Ma,ss, ; president of the Globe Nail Company, of Bo,ston ; and treiusurer of the Niushua Iron and Steel t'ompany, which is doing the largest business of its kind in New Kngland, llewas a director in the Merrimack Kiver Bank from 18ii0till its name was changed to Fimt .National Bank, in bsil.'i, and iinlil I8t;8 a clirector of the latter ; was a direct<»r in the .Ahinchester National Bank from IH74 till 1877, and fnmi 1877 to present time has been president of the Second National Bank, September -I, 184.'), he united in marriage with .Miss L. K. Kendall, and Ihi'ir family coiisisls of (no children, -Nora, wife of Frank P. Carpenter, of this city, and Emma, who resides with her parents. 76 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Politically, Mr. Blood is a Republican. His first vote was cast for (toncral Harrison, but he has been a member of the Republican party since its organiza- tion, although never an active politician. He has been twice elected aldernnin,and was chairman of the electors who cast New Hampshire's vote for Garfield and Artlnir. The Manchester Savings-Bank was chartered July 8, 184ti, and organized with Samuel D. Hell president and the following board of trustees : John A. Burnham, Daniel Clark, Herman Foster, Nahum Baldwin, George Porter, David Gillis, William P. Newell, Hiram Brown. Nathan Parker was cho.sen treasurer and has lield the otiice to the present time. Mr. Bell resigned in 1847, and the succeeding presi- dents have been as follows: Hiram Brown, William P. Newell and Hon. Daniel Clark. The present trus- tees are as follows : Nathan Parker, Charles F. War- ren, B. F. Martin, Charles Wells, W. M. Parker, Charles D. McDuffee and Stephen N. Bourne. Present amount of deposits, four million five hundred tlnm- sand dollars. The Merrimack River Savings-Bank was incor- porated June, l.S.')8, under the name of the Manches- ter Five-Cent Savings Institution, and the charter was issued to the followingboard of grantees : Phineas Adams, .Joseph B. Clark, .John (jidway, Warren Paige,' Waterman Smith, John L. Kellev, George Porter, B. F. Martin, Daniel Clark, Harry Leeds, Frank A. Brown,' Samuel Upton, John B. Cha.se, C. Sackrider,' Daniel \V. Fling, Brooks Shattuck,' David Gillis, John H. Goodale, William Crane, Henry T. Mowatt,' Stephen Palmer, Kzra Huntington, Calvin Boyd, JosiahS. Shannon, John B. Clarke, David Cross, John M. Parker, George ThomjKson, Frederick Smith, Charles H. Cam])bell,' George W. Thayer, Charles C. Parker, F. B. lOaton, James M. Varnuni, Thomas G. Holbrook,' n. N. Batchelder, .lames S. Cheney,' Israel Dow, Kbenezer Ferren, Isaac Riddle,' M. O. Pearson, W. W. Li-ightou, Thomas Wheat, E. W. Harrington,' Varnum H. Hill,' AlonzoSnuth,' William Richardson ' and their a.ssociates and .successors. In 180') the mime Wiis changed by act of Legisla- ture to that which it now bears. The first meeting for theadi)ption of by-laws, clioiccof ollicers, etc., was held .luly 14, 18r)8, and the following board of ollicers chosen : President, Waterman Smith ; Vice-Presi- dents, E. W. Harrington, George Porter; Trea-surer and Clerk, Frederick Smyth ; Trustees, B. F. Martin, .loseph B. Clark, Isaac W. Smith, William B. Web- ster, F. .V. Urown, (ieorge Thompson, Peter S. Brown, Frederick Smith, Josiah S. Shannon, John L. Kelley, James M. ^'arnum, Alonzo Smith, Thomas Wheat, Warren Paige, Albe C. Heath, E. S. Peabody, John B.Clarke, Joseph \. Haines. The first deposit was made August 2, 1858. The business has been transacted in the rooms oc- 1 Deceased. cupied by the First National Bank, and its details at- tended to by the clerks employed in that institution. Waterman Smith remained president until 1884, when he was succeeded by Hon. Frederick Smith, the present incumbent. Hon. Frederick Smyth continued as treasurer until 1884, when, upon a.ssuming the presi- dency of the bank, he was succeeded by C. F. Morrill. The present members of the corporation are as fol- lows: Jos. B. Clark, Waterman Smith, Jno. L. Kelly, George Porter, B. F. Martin, Daniel Clark, Henry Leeds, Samuel Upton, John B. Clarke, Daniel W. Fling, David Gillis, John H. Goodale, William Crane, Stephen Palmer, Ezra Huntington, J. S. Shannon, David Cross, John M. Parker, George Thompson. Frederick Smyth, F. B. Eaton, James M. Varnum, Ebenezer Ferren M.O.Pearson, W.W.Leighton,Thos. Wheat, Joseph Kennard, Joseph L. Stephens, E. M. Topliff, A. J. Lane, Charles Williams, John Porter, C. F. Morrill, T. L. Livermore, G. P. Whitman, John H. Andrews, A. W. Quint, John P. Goggin. President, Frederick Smyth ; Vice-Presidents, Joseph B. Clark, F. B. Eaton ; Treasurer and Clerk C. F. Morrill. The amount of deposits, January 1, 1885, were $l,882,82f).38. Guaranty Savings-Bank was ineorporated in 1879, with the fiilluwing iiiccirporators: Nathan P. Hunt, Robert M. Shirley, William R. Patten, H. K. Slay- ton, Alonzo Elliott, James A. Weston, Jesse Gault, J. W. Hildreth, Horace Pettee, George W. Weeks, James F. Briggs, George A. Bailey, John C. Ray, Patrick A. Divine and Rufus H. Pike. The first ofli- cers were as follows: President, John M. Parker; Treasurer and Clerk, James A. Weston. The present amount of deposit is six hundred and tweuty-five thousand dollars. The first board of trustees were James A. Weston, Alonzo Elliott, Nathan P. Hunt, .lohn P. Moore, David A. Parker, Patrick A. Devine, Hiram K. Slayton, .I(din Kennard, Busbiod W. Hill. Present board of trustees are .lolm M. Parker, Alonzo Elliott, Nathan P. Hunt, John P. Moore, David A. Parker, John Kennard, Hiram K. Slayton, Bu.shrod W. Hill, James A. Weston. The Mechanics' Savings-Bank was organized in 1>»77. with the following trustees: Aretas Blood, .lo.siah Cari>enter, Frank P. Carpenter, N. S. Bean and (ieorge Dodge. Mr. Blood was the first presi- dent, and was succeeded by Henry E. Burnham on October 1, 1880. Mr. .Josiah Carpenter has been treasurer from the beginning. There are al.so two saving-banks — the People's and the Amoskeag — located in the .\moskeag Bank building. The Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, one of the largest eori>oralions in New England, was incorpo- rated under its present name in 1831. Manufactur- ing, however, had been carried on at this point with inditierent success since 180!t. In that year Benja- min Pritchard, who had built the first cotton-mill in MANCHESTER. 77 New Hampshiro, in New Ipswich, in 1803, came to .Vraoskeag Falls, and, in company with Ephraim, David and Robert Stevens, built a small mill at Anioskeaj; village. In the following year these en- ;irprising men organized a stock company under the name of the Amoskeag Cotton and Wool-Factory. I'he first move in this direction was as follows: **We, the SHbecril)«r8, Owners & proprietors of a large Tract of Land 1 ri GofTstown, iu the cuuuty of I]illst>urough, Joining on Amoskeag falii^, ;ii the Morriiuack river, witli the water privilege Sufficient for carrying ri the Manufacturing of cotton A wool at all Seasons of the year, and ti.iving hegan the works by cutting a Canal for Carrying the water, ' rt-cting Buildings Convenient for Said Factory, & preparing a consider- ilile part of the 5Iachinon', have agreed to form a Company for improv- ti;; .Said privilege, by dividing the Same into one hundred Shares, by '. ■oeiving from Said Company a fair price for the privilege, and the La- ^ 'Ur Expended, which, if not agreed upon by Said Siibscriben* & the < oinpuny, to be apprised by men appointed by Said iwirties, and a Good i itle by the Subsi-ribers. " Si'-m.-d by " KpHRAIM StEVENS, " BeSJN. PRICHARn, " KoBERT & David Stevens. " Goffstown, .lanuary 18th, 1810." To this paper was attached a caption of a subscrip- tion and signatures as follows : "We, the Subscribera, .\gree to takeiho Several Shares iu the above mentioned privilege & factory annexed to our names, res|)ectivoly, agree- able to the above proposals. Shares. " Itenj*n Prichard, Goffstown 25 James Parker, Bedford 2 William Parker, Bedford 3 Jotham liillis, (Joffstown 1 William Parker, Jr., Bedford 1 William Walker, CofTstown 1 Kphniini Harvill, Bedfonl 1 Sitmuol P. Kidder, GoflTslown 1 Robt. McGregore, Gofifstuwn 5 Joseph Kichards, Goffstown . . 1 Seth Hartlelt, Goffstown 1 Kphraim Stevens, GolTstowu 1 David L. JIurrill, GolTstown '1 Isaac Hartly, Goffstown 1 Moses Hall, Goffstown 1 Benjamin Allcock, Itebert Mc- Gregore's, on Wednesday, the 31 dav of January instant, at one of the clock, P. M.. for the puriioee of tjiking into considomtion the regulation of Said Factory, A dis|)ose of shares not s<»ld. All i>erBons who wish to become proprietors are re*iue«ted to attend, when and whore they uuiy bo accommodated with Shares. '* BeNJ'X PlUCIIARb. "Goffstown, January 2.'ith, 1810." January 31, 1810, the company organized with Joseph Richards, of Goffstown, as president, and Jothani Gillis, of Goffstown, as clerk. March 2. 1810, Messrs. Ephraim and Robert Ste- vens excciiteil a bond to tliis company, agreeing to keep their dam ill repair, and to furnish the " Wool and Cotton Manufactory" a certain quantity of water at all seasons of the year. The first mill was put in operation in 1810, but it was without pickers or looms. The cotton was picked and the yarn woven iu the ueighborhtwd. It is said that a smart weaver might earn thirty-six cents per day ! This company was not successful, an, when the majority of the stock was purchased liy Dr. Oliver Dean, Lyman Tiffany and Willard Sayles. Dr. Dean was made agent and from this time forward manufacturing at this point has been a continued success. July, 1831, tlie present company was incorporated, it having up to this time been a private enterjfrise. July l.Sth, the ait was accepted, which allowed a capital of one million dollars, and on the following day the first officers of the new corporation were chosen : Lyman Tiffany, president ; Lyman Tiffany, Ira Gray and Willard Sayles, directors; Ira Gray, clerk ; Oliver Dean, agent and treasurer. With Lamed Pitcher, these were the five men who accepted the charter on the evening of .July 13, 1831. The property of the old firm (says Mr. Clarke, in his excellent "History of Manchester") was ex- changed for stock in the new company, and the latter acquired by purchase a title to land on both sides of the river, mostly, however, on the east side, where engineers had decided were the best sites for mills and the best tracks for canals. In 1835 the new organization bought the property and interest of the Bow Canal Company, the Isle of Hooksett Canal Com|)aiiy, the Amoskeag Locks and Canal Com))any and the Union Locks and Canal, all of which, as their names inii)ly, had built canals at different points on the river. The Hooksett Manufacturing Company- was merged with the Amoskeag in 1836 and the Con- cord Manufacturing Company shared the same fate the next year. The .Vmoskeag Company thus had obtained a full title to all the water-power on the river from Manchester to C(mcord and all the land in Manchester on the Merrimack available for mill- sites. It Wits also in possession of large tracts of land adjacent to the river and extending for some distance from it. Having thus cleared the way, they soon began operations in earnest. In 1836 the wooden dam which had hitherto checked the river's flow at Amos- keag Falls was thoroughly rei»aired in order to answer the purposes of a coffer-dam, and the next year was begun the construction of a wing-dam of stone, with guard-locks on the east side, which was completed in 1840. At the same time the farther from the river of the two ]«resent canals was built by Lobdell A Rus- sell. In 1838 a contract was made with Russell, 15ar» & Co., (of which firm Isaac C. Flanders, after- wards president of the City Bank, now Merchants* Bank, was a member), to construct the " lower canal," and the contract was fulfilled. The first building put upon the east side of the river was what was then the Stark Mills counting-room, at the foot of Shirk Street, jiart of which was temporarily used for a counting-room by the land and water-power depart- ment of the .Vmoskeag Company. The next was the 78 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. ■one designated as "No. 1, Stark Block," where the agents and clerks of the mills boarded with S. S. Moulton till November, 1839, when the Manchester House was finished. The first mills built on the east side were what were then No. 1 and No. 2 Mills of the Stark corporation, which were erected for that company in 1838 and 183'J. At that time a number of men who have since been well known in Manchester were in the pay of the Amoskeag Company. Hiram Brown, afterwards mayor of the city, was employed to oversee the stone-work; Pluiiehas Stevens, was its millwright and wheelwright; John D. Kimball was an overseer of carpenter-work ; ; T. J. Carter was the resident engineer; Henry S. Whitney was an overseer of general out-door work ; AVarren Paige had charge of the lumber-yard ; Nahum Baldwin, Daniel L. Stevens and Charles Hutchinson, were employed in the planing-mill ; George F. Jud- kius managed the saw-mill, and Samuel Boice was €mployed in it ; Samuel B. Kidder had charge of the locks and canals; Andrew Bunton and Levi Sargent were contractors for stone ; John H. Maynard was the head carpenter ; Jonathan T. P. Hunt and Joseph E. Bennett were employed as masons in the building of the mills. The company laid out the site of a town with a main street running north and south, parallel with the river, with other streets running parallel with this and across it, reserving land for public squares, and in 1838, having divided part of its lands into lots suitable for stores and dwellings, sold it, bringing into the market by this and subsequent sales a large part of the land on which the city of to-day stands- In 1838 they sold a site and privileges for mills to a new comjiany which had been incorporated as the Stark Mills, and built for them, in this and subse- quent years, the factories they now occupy. After the burning of their old mills at Amoskeag they finished, in 1841, two new ones just below the Stark Mills for their own use, and added to them in subse- quent years as their needs required. In 1845 they sold land and built mills and a printery for a new corporation which had been organized as the Man- chester Mills. To meet a demand for machinery for their own mills and those they erected for others, they built in 1840 a machine-shop, in 1842 a foundry, and in 1848 replaced both these by new and larger ones, beginning at that time the manufacture of locomo- tives, building new shops for mechanical ]>urpose8 when needed. In 1859 wiis begun the manufacture of the famous Amoskeag steam fire-engines. Some time after they had finished mills for the larger corpora- tions already mentioned they built, for the convenience of individual enterprises, a building known as " Me- chanics' Row," at the northern end of the canals, and also sold land and erected shops for small corjjora- tions which were subsequently organized. They carried out meanwhile their original idea of the city, building boarding-houses and tenements for theirown operatives and those of the other corporations, giving away land for churches andpublicbuildings, selling it to manufacturers and business men, and continuing a liberal policy to the present time. The first directors of the company were Lyman Tiffany, Ira Gay and Willard Sayles, elected in 1831. The following is a list of otficers from 1831 to 1885: 1831: Lyman Tiflfany (president), Ira Gay, Willard Sayles, directors : Ira Gay, clerk ; Oliver Dean, treasurer and agent. 13;W : George Dau- iele, clerk. 1834; Harvey Hartshorn, treasurer and agent ; Lyman Tif- fany, ttliver I)ean, Willard Sayles, directors. ls:i6: P. T- .lackson, Ly- luan Titlany, William .\ppleton, George Bond, Samuel Frothingham, I)aniel D. Broadhead, George Howe, (iliver Dean, directors; Francis c. Lowell, treasurer; Hiram X. Daniels, clerk. 18;i7 : Kobert Read, clerk ; William Amoix treasurer ; Oliver Dean, Willard Sayles, George Howe, Francis C. Lowell, Samuel Frothingham, John .\. Lowell, Sam- uel Hubbard, Daniel D. Broadhead, William ,\ppleton, directors. 1838 : Francis C. Lowell, president ; William G. Means, clerk ; George W. Ly- man, Nathan .Vppleton and .lames K. Mills succeeded Samuel Frothing- ham, John A. Lowell and Daniel D. Broadhead as directors. 1840: David Sears succeeded Samuel Hubbard as director. 18-12: Joseph Tilden succeeded Francis C Lowell as president and director. 1847 : William Aniory succeeded Willard Sayles as director. IS."!! : Robert Kead succeeded William Aniory as director. 1853 : Gardner Brewer suc- ceeded Joseph Tilden as director; Oliver Dean succeeded Joseph Tilden as president ; E. A. .Straw succeeded William G. Bleans as clerk. 18.'»r. ; Jona. T. P. Hunt succeeded Robert Read as director. 18.^7 : David Sears resigned as director. 18G1 : Oliver Dean, George Howe, George W'. Ly- man, William Appleton, Gardner Brewer, Jona. T. P. Hunt, directors. Isii2: William -Vppleton, deceased. 180.^: Daniel Clark succeeded Jona. T. P. Hunt as director. 186G : T. Jefferson Coolidge and Tbomjts Wig- glesmith were added to the directors. 1871 : Oliver Dean and George W. Lyman having tleclined re-election, and George Howe having ceased to be a stockholder, William .Amory, John L, (Jardner and William P. Mason succeeded thera as directors ; Gardner Brewer succeeded Oliver I>ean as president. 1874 : Charles .\niory succeeded Gardner Brewer, deceased, as director ; Daniel Clark succeeded Gardner Brewer, deceased, as president. 1875 : William W". Bremer succeedeil Charles .\mory as director. 1870 ; T. Jefferson Coolidge succeeded William Amory as treas- urer ; William Amory succeeded Daniel Clark as president. 1877 : John L. Bremer succeeded William M. Bremer as director ; George Dexter and F. A. Straw were added to the directors. 1870: Thomas L. Livermore succeeded K. .\. Straw as clerk and agent. 1880 : Channing Clapp succeeded T. .Tefferson Coolidge as treasurer ; Channing Clapp 6uccc«ded K. .\. Straw as director. 1885: Herman F. Straw succeeded Col. Liver- mon> as clerk and .agent. The company once owned fifteen hundred acres of laud on the east side of the river. They own land on the west side also. The present dam at Amoskeag Falls was built in 1871 by the company, after Mr. Straw's i)lans and under his personal supervision. Its predecessor had lasted thirty-four years, had become leaky and unsafe, was built low and in the wrong place. The old one ran straight across, but the one which took its place curved around so as to give a wider entrance from the river, was built two feet higher and farther down the stream. It is in two parts, the main dam, from the west side to the bridge, being four hundred and twenty feet long, and the canal wing, from the bridge to the gate-house, being two hundred and thirty feet long, making a total length of six hundred and fifty feet. It is eight feet wide at the toj), averages twelve feet in height, and cost, all things included, about sixty thou- sand dollars. The upper canal extends from the basin at the dam to the weir at the foot of Central Street, where it empties into the lower, and is five thousand MANCHESTER. 79 Hmr hunilred ami eighty feet long. The lower begins at about the same place, and extends to the weir below the Naniaske Mills, where it emjities into the river. It is si.v thousand nine hundred feet long, and runs ji i>art of the way over the track of the old Blodget Canal. Till 1855 the canal was* connected with the Merrimack, near the old McGregor bridge, by a set of locks, the conii)any having been under obligation to keep the canal open to the public as when it was owned by the Anioskeag Locks and Canal t'onipany; but the Legislature of 1855 gave permission to discon- tinue the locks. The openings of the canals at the guard-gates are five hundred and ten feet square. The c-anals' width at their head is seventy -three feet, and at the weirs fifty feet, with an average depth of ten feet. The fall from the upper to the lower canal is twenty feet, and from the lower canal to the river thirty-four feet. Xo. 1 and No. 2 Jlills are northernmost, and are «xact duplicates of each other. They were the first mills upon the Anioskeag corporation, were built sepa- rately, one huntlred and fifty-seven feet long by forty- eight wide, and si.\ stories high, in 1841, but in 1X59 and 18G0 were united by what is called No. 6 Mill, €ighty-eight feet long by sixty wide. No. 3 Mill, directly to the south of this triple com- bination, was built in 1S34, and thoroughly rebuilt in 1870. It is five stories in height and four hundred and forty feet long, while its width varies from .sixty- five to seventy-two feet. At its south end is a three- «tory picker-house, one hundred and thirty-five feet long by sixty wide. [ At the upper end of the mills, on the lower level, is a low building, four hundred and seventy-two feet long anil thirty wide, used as a hag-mill, wliich h.is forty bag-looms. No. 4 Mill was built in 1846 and enlarged in 1872. I The original building was seven stories high, two hundred and sixty feet in length by sixty in width. In the fall of 1872 an extension was l)uilt in the rear, one hundred feet long and sixty feet wide. In the rear, also, are two picker-houses, three stories high, fifty-six feet in length by thirty-seven in width. No. 5 Mill is just north of the one last mentioned. It is two hundred and fifty-eight feet long by sixty wide, and has a picker-house, sixty-two feet in length by forty-four in width, in the rear. The l)uilding at the north of No. 5 Mill, occupied as a dye-house and gingham-mill, consists of a centre- piece and two wings. The south wing is the dye- i hou.se, and is two hundred and three feet long, sixty- | seven feet wide and three stories high. The middle ' part is one hundremploys live thousaml per- sons, with a monthly pay-ndl of one hiimlred and sixty thousand dollars. The present ollicers are as follows : William Amory, Daniel Clark, T. Jelfersoii Coo- lidge, Thomas Wigglcsworth, George A. Gardner, Williiiin V. Mason, .lohn L. Hrenier, Channing Clapp, 80 HISTOKY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTS, NEW HAMPSHIKE. George Dexter, directors ; William Amory, president ; T. Jefferson Coolidge, treasurer ; Herman F. Straw, clerk and agent. EzEKlKL AMiEUTSruAW wasborn in Salisbury, De- cember 30, 1819, making his age at the time of his death sixty-three years. He was the eldest son ol' James B. and Mehitable (Fisk) Straw, and one of a family of seven children (five sons and two daughters), and of whom three survive, — Miranda (wife of Benja- min F. Manning), Abigail and James B. Straw, Esq., all residents of Manchester. His father, after a few years' residence in this State, removed to Lowell, Mass., where he entered into the service of the Apple- ton Manufacturing Company. Mr. Straw acquired his education in the schools of Lowell, and in the English Department of Phillips Andover Academy, where he gave especial attention to practical mathe- matics. Upon leaving this institution, he was, in the spring of 1838, employed as assistant civil engineer upon the Nashua and Lowell Railway, then in pro- cess of construction. In July, 1838, he was sent for by Mr. Boyden, the consulting engineer of the Amos- keag Manufacturing Company, to take the place of T. J. Carter, the regular engineer, who was absent from work on account of illness. He came to the city of Manchester July 4, 1838, expecting to remain but a few days, and has ever since made it his home. This was before a mill had been built upon the eastern side of the river ; among his first duties were the laying out of the lots and streets in what is now the compact part of the city, and assisting in the construction of the dams and canals. In November, 1844, he was sent by the Amoskeag Company to Eng- land and Scotland to obtain information and machi- \ nery necessary for making and printing muslin de- laines, and the success of the Manchester I'rint- Works, which first introduced this manufacture into the United States, was due to the knowledge and skill he then acquired. He continued in the employ of the Amoskeag Company as civil engineer until July, 1851, when he was ai)i>ointed agent of the land and water-power department of the company, the mills and machine-shops then being managed sepa- rately, under different agents. In July, 1856, the first two were united and put in charge of Mr. Straw, and in July, 1858, all three were combined under one management, and !Mr. Straw assumed the entire con- trol of the company's operations in Manchester. Mr. Straw was prominent in the early history of the town's prosperity. He was a member of the com- mittee to provide plans and specifications for the re- building of the town-house in 1844, and one of the first committee appointed to devise ])lans for the in- troduction of water into the town. He was connected with all the subsequent |)lans for the same purpose, and when the board of water commissioners, who had charge of the construction of the present water- works, was appointed in 1871. he was made its presi- dent, and held the office until within a few years. He was chosen, in 1854, a member of the first board of trustees of the public library, and held the office for twenty-five years. In 1846, Mr. Straw was elected assistant engineer of the Fire Ueijartment, and was re-elected several times afterwards. In 1859 he served as Representative in the State Legislature, and was re-elected in 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, and during the last three years was chairman of the committee on finance. In 1864 he was elected to the State Senate and was re-elected in 1865, being chosen its president in the latter year. He was also chosen, on the part of the Senate, one of the commissioners to superintend the rebuilding of the State-House. In 1869 he was appointed by Governor Stearns a mem- ber of his staff. In 1872 he was elected by the Re- ]Hiblicans of New Hampshire Governor of the State, and was re-elected the succeeding year. In 1870 he was appointed by President Grant the member from New Hampshire of the commission to arrange for the centennial celebration of the independence of the United States at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1876. From the organization of the Naniaske Mills, in 1856, till the dissolution, Mr. Straw was the trea.surer and principal owner, and after 1864 until near the end of his business career the sole proprietor. In 1874 he was chosen a director of the Langdon Mills. He was the president and one of the directors of the Blodget Edge-Tool Manufacturing Company from its organization, in 1855, till its dissolution, in 1862, and during the existence of the Amoskeag Axe Company, which succeeded it, he was a director. He was one of the first directors of the Manchester Gas- Light Com- pany when it was organized, in 1851, and was chosen its president in 1855, holding the office until January 29, 1881. In ISGO he was elected a director of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad, and in 1871 was elected president of the corporation, resigning in 1879. Upon the organization of the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association he was chosen its pres- ident, and was also president of the New Hamp- shire Fire Insurance Company from its organization, in 1869 to 1880, when he resigned. He was one of the founders of the First Unitarian Society, in 1842, its clerk and treasurer from that time till 1844, its president from 1853 to 1857, and was chairman of the committee which built its present house of wor- ship. Governor Straw married, Ajiril 6, 1842, at Ames- bury, Mass., Charlotte Smith Webster, who died in this city JIarch 15, 1852. To them were born lour children, — Albert, who died in infancy; Charlotte Webster, wife of Mr. William H. Howard, of Somerville, Mass. ; Herman Foster, agent of the .\moskeag Mills ; Ellen, the wife of Mr. Henry M. Thompson, formerly agent of the Manchester Print- works, and now agent of the Lowell Felting Com- pany, of Lowell, Mass. There are now seven living grandchildren, — AlVjert Straw, William H. and Sarah Chenev Howard. Par- I i i MANCHESTER. 81 ker ami Harry Ellis IStraw, aiul Albert W. and Her- man Ellis Thompson. His rapidly-iailiug health and strength obliged Mr. ^^t^a\v lo retire from the active management of the Amuskeag Manufacturing Company in ISTU, and at the aunual meeting of the proprietors of the company next following, this resolution was unanimously adopted, — " Itesotvfit, That the Hon. K. A. Straw, ageiit of this company at MuncheNtiT, having since our lut^t annual meeting been compelled by ill health tu resign hi» office, iu which fur about forty yeufs, in many dilVci- pnt capacities, he has MTved the corpomtiuM from it^ infancy with signal ability, fidelity and skill, we owe it to him and ourselves to put upon rec- ord the testimony of our high appreciation of the value of those eervices, our sincere regret at his resignation, our deep sorrow for the cause, our curdial thanks fur bis lungHXnitiinud and exrellent manageniont of our iiffain* in this city, and our earnest wishes that, fi-ee from pain orsuffer- ing, ho may pass the remaining yeare of his life improved in health. pre^ous and happy.'* Clark, on rising t(» second the The Hon. l»aniel resolution, said, — *' Mr. I'lejiidmU and Gentlemen, — It is with mingled feelings of pleasure •Dd of iHtin that I second this resolution. It is now forty years, and more, lince I came to Manchester. I came in a one-horse wagon to ii ooe'horso town, — to a town, in fact, having no bones at all. As you know, sir, the canal was not then finished. It wob a muddy trench. They were blasting stone and laying them in the walls anlcy as a^iistant engineer. I think his chief was a gentleman distinguished for bis scientific attainments. From that time forth that young man has bei^n iu the employ of this company, irnder his Industry, »"kill, direction and perseveriince, it has grown iVoni tln« iM-gjiitiing that T have indicated t" what it Is now. I do not mean to wty tliat he has done this entirely alone, for be luis received the aid of others, and, furlnnately, uf yourself. Of that I have spoken on a foinier occa- «l('U ; but fnr furty years In- has been steadily engaged in the service uf this rompany. Thi-rr is nothing here, «ir, which does not Iw-ar the im- pH'sa of his hand. Certainly the river boa acknowledged his power, for he hiM twice danitnot In some way assisted ; there Is not a church here to whose support he bag not given his aid. We have a Hbrarj*, a fre«' library, to which evory oiterativi-, man, wonnin or child, who can pro. run- winie one toNjiy that be or she is a lit pen*on to be be intrusti'd with its books, cau go to receive Its benefits. 1 may say hero that there is no man in this city to whom the city owee so much for the lib iiry, I think I may say it, sir, as to your late agent. "I once said, sir, I think, here, that that library seemed to me like an aviary of sweet singing birds, and at morn and noon and eve they fiit away to the homes of tired labor. They porch upon the window-eills, upon the table and the chair and the shelf and the mantle and the pil- low, and sing their sweet songs in the ear of tired labor, and it is be- guiled of its imin and sinks to rest. In the morning labor rises refreshed ; it takes up its bunlen, and thus ever goes on the round ; and at night IaI>or is again tired, and as it goes to its home the sweet singing birds are there to welcome it and stdaco the hours of weariness. None can say how much lalwr owes to Governor Straw. No one can know, except those here, how much this company, how much this city, how much wo all, OHO to this same man. "And now, Mr. ]*resident, I cannot forbear to say for myself, that, through all these forty years tliat I have Inien lyeside my friend yoniler, he has never forfeited my esteem, my resinrct, my afl'ection and my htve, and 1 think I have always received his ; and you may judge, Mr. Presi- dent, bow sad it is to me to see him now, like M>me great ship that has bufieted the waves and sailed forth triunipbantly, laid on the shore. I am glad to see that she lies so easily and so (juietly, and may it be a great while before her timbers hhall Ik' broken up and she disappear in the sand. "But, Mr. President, goncnitions pass away, and I see now not ten men In this city that were bore when I came. I stand almost alone. I stand with yon, sir, and with a few others ; but our friends and we shall soon piu«8 away, for such is the common lot. "I do not know that I have anything further to aderiiteil. They iiiaiiul'aitiire sliirtiiifts and sheetings. President, William .Vniory ; Ch'riv, William L. Kil- ley ; Trea.snrer, ('luirles W. Amciry ; Direeliirs, Wil- liam Amory, Henry H. Rodgers, John R. Brewer, John L. Bremer, William P. Ma.son, C. W. Amory ; Agent, William L. Killey. The Amory Manufacturing Company was ehartered .luly I, 1S7'.I, willi a ia|iital nfiiirn' luindreil thonsand dollars. Dnring that year Imilding ojiera- tiiiiis were vigorously pushed, and the mill Wius tiui.shed and work commenced in the fall of 1880. The mill has fiHy-six thousand spindles and fourteen hundred ami twenty looms, and emjdoys eight hundred oper- atives. The goods manul'actiired are lineaiid mecliuin shirtings, sheetings and jeans. President, William Amory ; Clerk, Gilbert P. Whit- man ; Treasurer, ('. W. Amory; Directors, William .\mory, Daniel Clark, T. Jefferson Coolidge, .lolin 1.. Bremer, (}. A. Gardner, Channing Clapp, F. I. Amory; Agent, G. P. Whitman. Namaske Mills.— This corporation wa-s organi7.em it is now managed. The goods manufactured arc ]iriMcipally ginghams and shirting tiannels. .Mr. William B. Wi'lister, the superintendent for many years, resigneil in October, ]HX:i. He was succeeded by Mr. J. Walter Wells. Derry Mills. — This corporation was organized in I8l)0, with a capital of one hunilred thousand dollars. Mr. S. Ft. Payson is now projirielor, and George ]•'. Lincoln the agent. The property comprises three mills on the Colias Hmok.at (iutle's Falls. The p. C. Cheney Paper Company carries on an e.Mensive business in the nianulailure of manilla anil card-board paper in its mills at .Vmoskeag. This com- pany also does a large business in waste of all kinds, and has a large trade in paper manufactured elsewhere. Il lias pulp-mills at fioflstown and Peterborough. I'Eii.su.N- C. CilK.VKY.' — The Cheney genealogy is traced from England to Roxhury( Boston Highlands), Mass., and tVom Roxbury to Newburyport, some of the family being there as early as HiSO. Diaeon ICIias ( 'luney, born in Old .Newbury, Feb- ruary '.'II. 17-11. seltb'd rpiite early in life in Thornton, N. II., and died therein 1805, at the age of eighty-six. Deacon Elias Cheney, son of the above and fatherof Deacon Moses Cheney, also lived and died in Thorn- ton. The latter died in Ashlaml (formerly HoI.Ier- ness) in 1875. Person Colby Cheney was thesim of Deacon Moses and .\bigail ( Morrisim) Cheney, who were types of I lie ( io By llonry H. Putiic.v. respect of all with whom they ever had aeciuaintanee. They taught their children (five sons ami six daugh- ters), by prece|it and example, how to succeed in broader fields, and gave them as an inheritance, in the place of great wealth, good sense, true hearts and will- ing hands. Of the sons. Rev. Oren B. Cheney (founder and president of Bates College, Tjcwiston, Me.) is the oldest. The second son is Moses Cheney, a retired paper manu- facturer, now living in Henniker, N. H. The third is the late Charles (t. Cheney, a graduate of Dartmouth, class of '48, who read law with Nesmith & Pike, of Franklin, and settled in Peterborough, dying in 1862. The tifth is Elias II. CIn'ney, proprietor of the Lebanon Frrr Press, and at the present time a State Senator. The subject of this paper is the fourth son. He was born in Holderncss (now .Vshlaud), February 25, 1828. In 1835 his father, one of the pioneers in the paper-making industry of New Hampshire, sold his mill in Holderness and moved to Peterborough, where he, in company with the late A. P. Morrison, his brother-in-law, purchased a small mill. In this mill, in the schools of Peterborough, in Hancock Academy and in Parsonfield (Jle.) Seminary (then taught by his oldest brother) he received the education and training which have enabled him to reach the promi- nent positions he has occupied in business, political and .social life. Early learning paper making in all its details, at the age of seventeen he was placed in charge of the estab- lishment by those who had purchased it of his father, who at this time returned to Iloldcrne.ss. In this posi- tion lie succeeded so well that in eight years, in com- pany with two other gentlemen, he built another mill, of which, at a later day, he became sole jiroprietor. lie continued to make j)ai)er at Peterborough, gradually enlarging his business and engaging to some extent in other enterprises, until 18t)0, wlien hefonneil aparlner- .ship with Thomas L. Thorpe, of Manchester, lor the sale of paper stock and the manufacture of paper, the mills of the comi)any being located at .Vmoskeag. in Man- chester and at Goll'stown. This partnership was suc- ceeded by one of which Mr. Cheney, Dr. E. M. Tuhbg and Hon. Ira Cross were members, and upon the death of Dr. Tubbs, in 1878, by the P. C. Cheney Company which now owns and operates the' pulp-mills at I'lter- biirough iind Gollstown, the pulp .-iinl p:iper-mill at Amoskcag, and extensive timber tracts in the town of Washington. The mills of the company produce seven tons of paper daily, and give employment to one hundn-il and fifty operatives. OI'lhisconi|)any Mr. ( 'heney, who was its creator and who owns most of its stock, is tri^itsurer and manager. It is one of the largest, Ih'sI- known, most reliable and popidar business concerns of the State. Its mime is everywhere synonymiius with honesty, honor and solvency. The iiualities which have enabled Mr. Cheney to buihl up this great industry hold it steady in hand and keep it strong and growing in the wurs; 84 HISTORY OF IIILLSHOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. of panics, as well as in good times, cliaracteri/.e liiin ia all the relations of life, and make him a controlling power wherever good advice is wanted and hard work is to be done. These same (lualitios made him a leader in the Kepiililieau party in its early days, and they have kept him among the few t(i whom it always looks for help when wise eoiincils and judicious man- agement are required to insure success. In 18.33 he represented Peterborough in the Legis- lature. In 18l)l-l!'2 his time and his money were freely and zealously spent to make for New Hampshire the record which is her greatest glory. In 1802 he offered his services to the government, and was asiigncd to duty as quartermtister of the Thirteenth Regiment. Exposure and overwork in the Fredericksburg campaign brought on a long and dangerous illness, from which his friends did not expect him to rally. The nursing of a devoted wife, however, brought him back to life, and after a long period of suffering, to health and strength, but not until the cause of the Union was won and the war was over. In 18(54 he was elected a railroad commissioner and served three years. When he removed to Manchester, in 18(17, the people of that city gave him a hearty welcome. In 1871 the Republicans, being then out of power in city and State, insisted on his accepting a mayoralty nomination, and, finally consenting, he was elected mayor by a large majority, his election jjaving the way for the redemption of the State the next spring. Mr. ('heney declined a renominatioii for mayor in 1872. In 187o the Republican State Conventiini met uni(, he nuirried Mis. Sarah White Keith, to whose devotion, grace and accomplishments he owes nnich of the success and happiness of his busy life. He has one child, Agnes Anna Cheney, born Octo- ber 22, 1869, who is now at school in Washington. He resides in an elegant home in Manchester, in which a hearty and refined hospitality greets every visitor, and from which there goes out to every good cause that his neighbors and fellow-townsmen are engaged in, generous and unostentatious help. The Amoskeag Paper-Mill is one of the best in the State, with the linest machinery and all modern ira- provenieiits. Tin- pi located in Mechanics' Row. Manchester Locomotive-Works.— For an account of this establishment, see biography of AretasBlood. Manchester Gas-Light Company was chartered in IS.'il). Capital stock, one hundred thousanddoUars. The works are situated in the scmtheru part of the city, near the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad, on a lot of land four hundred feet square. The company has also, at the north end, near the Langdon corpora- tion, a gas-holder to regulate the supply and pressure. The annual product of gas is about sixty-five million culiic feet, together with live thousand chaldrons of cok<' and one llinusand barrels of coal-tar. Miscellaneous Manufactures. ~ Lowell's Iron Foundry, corner of Auburn and Canal Streets ; Corey's Needle- Works, corner of Concord and Maple Streets; .Fames Baldwin & Co., West Manchester, bobbins, spools, shuttles, etc.; Austin, .lohnson it Co., door, blind, siush and bracket-nniking ; A. C. Wallace, West Manchester, boxes; Manchester Chair Com- ])any, chairs and tables; Kimball it Oerrish, corner Elm and Bridge Streets, roll-skin manufacturers ; Hutchinson Brothers, iron and wood-working machin- ery ; (ieorge .\. Leighton, Korsaitli's buihling, mann- iacturerof knitting-machines ; Sanborn CarriageCom- jiany and J. B. McCrillis it Son, carriages ; Bisco & Denny, card-clothing manufacturers; Carney & Co., brewers, at Bakei-sville ; C. B. Bradley, Me- chanics' Row,and JohnT. Woodward, Franklin Street, roll-covering; S. .\. Feltonandthe Manchester Brush Comi>any, brooms and brushes; the tiranitc Stale Plating Company ; Manchester Pottery-Wmks ; .). A. V. Smith, nmnufacturer of filers; Forsaith Machine Company, and others. S.^^^^:El. C.m.hwei.i, Foks.vitii. - Robert For- saith, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a farmer and lived in (iolfstown, N. H. He nuirried Elizabeth Caldwell, who bore him seven children. Samuel C. was born in (ioHstown Septem- ber 29, 1827. His boyhood was passed on the farm, where he assisted in the work. His educational ad- ■ 'W '^- A_f{ 'lUT'if. zrz^ c<-^ I « MANCHESTER. 85 vantages were those afforded by the common schools of hii native town. At an early age he became inter- ested in mechanical work, was fjuick to comprehend the intricacies of machinery, and at the age of fifteen had constructed and set up on the bank of the river near his home a miniature saw-mill, complete in all its parts and in running order. At the age of seven- teen he left home and went to Manchester, N. H., then a town of about five thousand inliabitants, and entered the machine-shop of the old Amoskeag Mill as un apprentice. His close attention to his duties here showed his fondness for his chosen trade, and his subsequent success showed the wisdom of his choice. His frugal habits enabled him to live on a salary that at the present time would not suffice for «ven the most unskilled labor. Thrown out of em- ployment by a destructive fire, he next worked in the Stark Mills until September 1, 1850, when he went to Milford, N. H., to take charge of the machine repair- shops connected with the cotton-mills of that place, remaining eight years, when he went to Biddcford, Me., as foreman of the Saco Water-Power Machine- Shop, where he stayed for two years. In 1860 he determined to go into business on his own account, and with this purpose in view, returned to Manchester and hired an upi)er room in the shop of the Manches- ter Scale- Works. In this room, without other capital than hi.s determination to sui-cecd, he started. His fir*t job here Wits the manufacture of hay-cutters, in which he was so successful that he resolved to make a push for business, and sent out a large number of cards announcing that he was prepared to do all kinds of job-work. Gradually his business increased, and at the end of the year he was furnishing employ- ment lor four journeymen. During the second year he secured a vacant shop adjoining the scale-works, which he soon found none too large to accommodate him. Soon after moving into the new (|uarters he bought a patent machine for folding newspapers. The original owners had been unable to make the machine work. Mr. Forsaith saw that the design was practical, and set about perfecting it, which he did successfully. In order to make the folder a financial success it must be put to practical test, and to this end Mr. I'orsaith visited the chief newspaper offices in the leading cities, representing the merits of the machine, and succeeded in placing a sufficient num- ber to warrant a very general test. Perfect satisfaction was given, and the orders for these machines came in fast. Besides the manufacture of the folders, the building of circular saw-mills, sliafting, mill-gearings, water-wheels, etc., gave constant employment to the regular force of twelve workmen. That he might meet the re<|uirenients of his job-work, and also to kee|) pace with the demand for the folders, in 1803, Mr. Forsaith took a lease of the entire scale-works and enlarged his working force. In 1867, becoming crowded for room, a new shop was built, which is now the main building of the present set of buildings, which cover an acre and a half", filled with busy mechanics and machinery for meeting the multiplying demands of what has come to be the largest business of its kind in the State. In 1872, Mr. William E. Drew (who had been an apprentice in this shop) was taken into partnership. The concern does its own ])rinting, and issues (juarterly an edition of some twelve thousand catalogues, which are mailed to all parts of the world. The pay-roll of this establish- ment furnishes an average of four thousand five hun- dred dollars per month. In May, 1884, the business had become so extensive and the care and responsi- bility so great that it was decided to organize this great industry into a stock company under the general laws of New Hampshire, capitalizing with two hun- dred and seventy-five thousand dollars, and the com- pany is now under the management of officers chosen by the board of directors, and is in a flourishing con- dition. The history of this industry, from its small beginning to its present magnitude, is a fitting and well-deserved tribute to the energy, thrift and good judgment of Mr. Forsaith, and shows what a resolute purpose can accomplish. In politics Mr. Forsaith was a Den)ocrat, and took an active part in the coun- cils of this ])arty. He was also a i)roniinent member of the Masonic fraternity, an Odd-Fellow, an officer of the Amoskeag Veterans and a charitable and kind- hearted citizen, whose loss will be felt wherever he was known. Mr. Forsaith was twice married, — first, to Nancy W. Pierce, February 20, 1848, from which union lliere were three boys, — Frank P., George B. and William, who are now living. Nancy W. died Ajiril 21, 1871. His second wife was Clara J., daughter of Colonel J. C. and Clara J. Smith, to whom he was married December 28, 187'). From this union there arc also three boys, — Samuel C, Jr., born December l(i, 187(); Clarence S., born February 19, 1878; Dar- win J., born October 19, 1880. In the winter of 1884, Mr. Forsaith took a trip to the Bermuda Islands, accompanied by his wife, seeking rest and recre- ation, and after a short visit returned to his home in Manchester, and after a short stop lie started to visit the Worhl's Fair at New Orleans, where he had a large exhibit. On his journey home, while on the cars, he was stricken with apoplexy. On reaching the city of Philadelphiu he was taken to the hospital of the Jefferson Medical College, where he died March 2.^, IHH."). lli» funeral, from his late residence, in Manchester, was atlendeil liy the varinus civil and military organizations of which he was a member and by many of the ](roniincnt citizens of Manches- ter. 86 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. CHAPTER VL MANCHESTER— (Condiiiierf). ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKY. They complied with the wishes of the petitioners, and issued the following Wiirraiit to the constable of Derrvtiekl: Early Chnrcli History — Coiitention anil Pis«'onl— Record Ilietory of this Peri(nl — First Congregational Church— Franklin Street Church — First Baptist Church- Merrimack Street Baptist Churcli— Pine Street Free- Will Biiptist Church- Merrimack Street Free-Will Baptist Church— Firet Slethoilist Kpiscopal Church— St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church— The First Unitarian Society— Universalist Chui-ch— Grace Episcuiul Church— Roman Catholic Churches: St. Ann's, St. Joseph's, St. Augustine (French), St. Jlarie (French). Christian Church— St. .laines Methodist Episcopal Church— Second Advent Society— City Blisdionary Society — I'nion Congregational Church, West ^lancbester — Spiritualist Society — tJenuan Church of the New .lerusaleni- Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church — First Presbyterian Church (German) — French Protestant Church. The early ecclesiastical history of this town is a his- tory of contention and litigation, and to such an ex- tent was this continual strife carried that at one time its baneful influence seriously retarded the settlement of the place. The following is principally the record history of this season of unrest and discord. In 1752 a move- ment was made for the settlement of a minister, and in the warrant calling the annual town-meeting of that year was the following : '•To see if the town will .loyn with the town of Bedford lu Giving nir. mcDoe! a Call to the worke of tiie ministry Between the two towns and to Do and act in that affair that the town shall think proiMjr." March 5th, it was " Voted, to give nir. mcDouell a Cauell to the work of the ministry, Eathcr to Joyen woth Bedford or by our selves. " Votefl, .Tolin Ridill, .\le.xander nicnturphey, John Hall, a Comitey to prosequi the given uf nir. nicDoul a Cauell to the work of the mineetery to Joyn woth the town of Bedford or seprat and Distink by our selves." April 26, 1753, it was "Voted, tow Houndreil poiimies old tenor for yearly sokry to lur. mc- Dowall Provied he Kxcpts of uur Call to Juun woth the town of Bed- fonl." Nothinj^ further appears on the tow*n records rela- tive to the call to :\Ir. McDowell. By the recortls of Bedforfl it appears that a call was given by Hedford to Mr. McDowell. March 28, 17o8, it was unanimously " Vntedj to present 11 cull for Jlr. AicxaiuU'r McDowell to the Uevd. Pn-sliytery for the work uf (he miniBtry in this town." But the records of the town show nothing further in relation to him. As early as 1754 the town voted to build a meeting- house, and to locate the same on the land near John Hall's house. This location produced much ill-feel- ing, and on the 3d of February, 1755, thirty of the inhabitants petitioned the selectmen to call a meeting, on the 20th of the .same month, to reconsider the vote locating the meeting-house and raising money to build the same; but the majority of the selectmen refused to call the said meeting, thus denying the aforesaid inhabitants a plain and legal right. This refusal of the selectmen produced great excitement, and the in- habitants aggrieved petitioned Joseph Blanchard and Matthew Thornton, two justices of the |»cace for the province, to call a meeting of the inhabitants, as pro- vided by law. "PROVINCF OF NkW IIaMI SHIKE. "To BoDJa. Hadley of Derrj'fifld in the sd Province, Constable uf said town, — Greeting, " Ultereas it has been mead to appt-er to ns the Snbscribers, two of hi» Miyestes justes of the Peace of !*d Province, Qurom I'liues tliat Thirty of the freeholders and Inhabitants of the sd town of Penytield, by their Bequest signed by ye sd Inhabitants and freeholders made to the nug'r Part of the Selectmen of Dcrryfield iifure«ud. When together did on ye third Instant Deliver and present such application in writing for the Calling .a meeting of the Inhabitants of sd town to be held on the 20th Day of Feby, t'nr't for the following Articles. "First to see if the town would Reconsider ye Vote Relating to the choice of a meeting-hou.se place and make the Siinio null and void. "Also to see if the town would Keconsider that vote for Raising mony for Building a meeting-house and order that ye Constable Omit his Col- lecting the Same and discharge the Sever.dl freeholders and Inhubitents from such part uf the Tuxes in some proper method as shall then be tbot Best and that the sd Select'n did on the siiid 3d day of Feby, Curnt In- reasonably refuse and deny the Calling a meeting for the Propritors aforesd and ye sd freeholders and Inhabitants have applyed unto us for warnt, for the Calling of the freeholders and Inhabitants of Derryfield aforesd for ye doing of the Busuess aforesd to be held on ye tirst Day of march next, — at ye house of John Goffe, Ksqr. " These are Therefor in his majyt name to Require and f'ommand you the sd Constable to Notitio and warn the freeholders and Inhabitants of sd town of Derryfield, that they assemble at the house of John Goffe Esqr. in Dernp'field, aforee'd, on Saterday the first day of March ni.Kt at ten o'clock forenoon, then and there to act on the following articles. "First to see if the town will Reconsider the Vote Relating to the choice of a meeting-house place and make ye same null and void. "Also to see if the town will Reconsider that Vote for Raisaing money for Bulding a meeting-house and order tlie Constable omit hie Collecting the same and discharge ye Severall freeholders and Inhabitantii from snob part of the taxes in Some proper method as shall then be tlMt best here of faile not and make due return, Given I'ndcr Our hands and Seal at Merrymac- this six day of Feb. 1765. "Joseph Bl-vxcharh, ) Juscesof ye peat-t*. "Matthew Thornton", J Qrotmut r»t«." The meeting was duly held on the 1st day of March, 1755, and it was voted to reconsider the vote ** making choice of a meeting-house place," and also to reconsider the vote raising money for building the meeting-house. The following protest was presented and entered upon the record : "DERavriELP, Marvh ye Isl IT'S. "Wee, ye under Subscribere freeholder and Inhabitants of ye town of Derryfield, for Divers and weighty Reasons do Enter our Desent against the proceedings of this meeting which wee will make appoear at lime and pleace Convenient. " ROBEKT DkKEV. "Root. Anderso-V. "Alkxe. McCi.intock. " Nf.tiie.nell Bovd. " WlI.I.M. Elott. "WiLI.M McCl.INTOrK. ' JouN Cochran. " Walter MAcrFARi.ANn. "Saml Maitearlasd. " WiLLM Gamble. " Jaues Mac Nkall." It seems that a majority at this meeting were nut op- posed to the erecting of a house of worship, but op- posed the location. "Deuryfiklp, Auguest ye 27 ITfiS. "To the selectmen of the town of Derryfield, Gentlemen, Freeholders and Inhabitants of stiid town. We the under Subwriliers hiking upon our- selves as under a great Disadvantage for want of a pirace of Public Wor- ship, as we have rising fameleys which cannot ateiid at other places and OH it would be encoragement for ministers to Com and prea4-hunto us if we were forward in getting a place for the public worshipe of God ourselves. MANCHESTER. 87 '■Capt. Alfxr. McMurphy. John Hull. Rubert AnJersoii. James Itiddell. Samuol Buyil. Juhn Dickey. Binjiniiii Stivinu. John UvhMl. Jumva HunipUrcy. Hugh Stirling. Mickell McClintock. llobrt Pfcky. Jtihn niirrull. Jnmoti Piters. Williuni Petiore. Witlium Niitt. Janu'8 peiree. John Ilarvt-y. Wni porlmm, Jr. Thunis Hull." On the 2d of September, 1758, ii warrant was issued for a town-meeting, at the barn of John Hall, on tlie 21st of the same month : "To wo if the freflioMre and inhabitants of the town wouhl vote to build a met'ting-huuHo this present yeur. •*ToBec what spot uf ground the town would vote to build said nicetlng- houtH! on. "To set- how uiiich money the town would vote to raise for building the 8aid nu-vlinichouse. "To Bee what dimensions they would vote to build ftiid nieetinK-honsi-. "To Buiii is to bo tJtken out of the five hundreil pounds new lennr that was voted in the year 17-'»7 for building the above said nieeting-liouBC. " ro(H, and the following sums as they are ccdieclwl for building the aforewtid meeting-tiouM- and eai-h iiutn's luinie and sum what he pays to the aforesaid house. " V'-led to allow nil the comndriM-'s accounts, as they brought them In before th« town, in time and money «p-'nt by them in building ourmeet- Ing-hoiUMi in said town, tu> far as they have pro«-eeded in sjtid building. " Voted not to underpin our niuetlng-houBe at present but to make onu door thiB year." At a town-meeting, December 3, 1759, it was " Votfd not to collect any more money frcun the town tliii yvnv lo- wanls the meeting-house. " Votrd to born)w what remains flue for the meeting house to clear off the comriiiltee's accounts, aiul pay the inten-jtt fur tin' wime. " Vi'trd that the pn-wnt Selectnu-n for the year IToD borrow money to pay off the committee for buihling the nuH>tlng-houM.> so far as they ha\o proceeded, and tho Selectmen in tliu year 1760, Bhall be equally bound to pay tho money borrowed as tho present Selectmen and shall have full power in law to collect tho Baid monoy from the freeholders and inhabi- tants of the town." At an adjourned meeting it was " Voted to reconsider tho vote that tho Selectmen borrow tho money, and voted that Capt. William Perham, Levi. Hugh StirlingandLevt. John Hall are impowered by the freeholders and inhabitants of the town of Derryfield to borrow the sum of four hundred and twenty-threo pounds six shillings old tenor, and to pay interest such as thoy can hire the above money for, and all their time and exi)enBes paiil by the said town as well as tho above sum of four hundred and twenty-three pounds sir shillings old tenor. '* N. B. — Till such time Jis tho above sum is paid to them by the afore- sal'l freeholders and inhabitants of said town." The money was hired and the accounts paid oil" " Agreabel to a vote of the free houtdors and Inhabitantes of Derry- flold at a meeteing held in the nieeting-Houee of Sd town, Novm. l."*, 1759, Voted, one ye third artical of the Warrcnt to Record tho nioneay that was Cuiiected In the year 17.'(H and the IVillowing Sounu;« as they aro Corlected for tho IJuldon the meeting-houes In Derryfield and eacho mans name it Some of mouay w-hat hie Peayes to the a for Sd meeting- houes which IiiUey 111 r. it 1 4 9 II 8 Thoma»<;illis 10 •t 11 John nickey 10 K'l 9 17 1 8 13 10 •Tames Pirces 7 17 7 14 8 II n .himes Piters IC. 1(1 II 18 > 9 \a Joseph (Jorge :< :. (I 8 14 2 Daviil MiKnight . . . 7 Ill I'. (1 7 8 n William N'ulle .... M 14 10 1 1 !( 8 8 Hobrt Dicky .... K (1 8 16 S 7 11 B .lohn Culuigham . . . ;t s (1 n MoM-fl Carneril .... s i; 19 1 7 (I 8 Widow I!.^v.l IX 4 7 2 1 2 Samuel Itoyd 10 111 (> 17 (1 8 n « Alex Mccilnlock. . . 10 1.'. (I 8 (1 7 17 2 William Pi'rham . . . lo 3 9 IG A 10 14 4 .lohn SeotiMib. ... - H ('• G It 8 Levi. John Hall . . . in 'J If. 8 in 12 n 8 Thonuis Hall (1 11 11 10 s 12 8 Levi. .lohnlJoire . . . (1 13 17 4 19 William Smith . . . !l 10 8 11 2 James Sloorn Kun {htin ) » 17 1 A 8 I 4 ft SlwrCrlfmi 8 3 7 8 9 7 8 10 K/.eklel Slorens ('. n 4 8 2 James Willson . 10 8 Un vici Slin-t . . ('. 7 (1 9 13 .1 .!< hn MInill . . . I'l I'l 8 Siimnol (jnimlmy. 18 II 11 John Tagourt . . A n 8 Obldu lluo«B . . . n 19 4 W m. Wlllaon . . 8 17 4 Sllfen Gorge . . f. 11 8 88 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. £ «. d. I Mr. Tliomaa Parker of Litclifield « Oj ,luiuc8 WillsiHi in Lc. Derrj-, pd. if Soillli W | Jolm .SruarJ in Lo. Uerry, liaf a thousand of Boarils .... 10 " Recorded per me, .lOHN Hall, "March ye 2, 1761." " Town Clark. Still (says Jiulge Potter, in his excellent '• History of Manchester") the house remained unfinished. Meanwhile, Mr. Hall was accused of retaining the money given by the non-resident land-holders, and at a special meeting, held the 15th of December, a com- mittee was chosen "to call John Hall to account for the money that he received from gentlemen that has land not settled in Derryfield." As this committee made no report, and there was no further action upon the subject, it is fair to presume that they found no such money in Mr. Hall's hands. Thus there was a continual quarrel kept up be- tween the parties, sometimes one controlling the atlairs of the town, and sometimes the other, as the partisans happened to be present at the town-meet- ings, matters pertaining to the meeting-house and to preaching being the subjects of contention. And at an adjourned meeting, held April 2, 1764, the opposi- tion on these subjects wa.s carried so far as to vote not to raise any money for preaching for the year, and not content with this vote, at a special meeting on the 29th of October following, they voted to apply the money already raised for preaching the preceding year, and in the hands of a committee, to pay the tlebts of the town. Their opposition to the location of the house not only prevented the finishing it, but they would not have preaching in it 1 However, the other party mus- tered at the annual meeting, March 4, 17(35, in full force, and carried things with a high hand, voting that the selectmen furnish i)reaching for the current year at the cost of the inhabitants. Thus there was more preaching in the house for 1705 than ever before. Such continual strife had a most deleterious effect upon the prospects of the town. Emigrants of re- spectable character were very careful to avoid a place of so much contention, and the inhabitants them- selves had less inducement and less time for indus- trious pursuits. What with the spring fisheries, neighborhood canvassing, personal altercations and town-meetings, there was little attention paid to agri- cultural pursuits. The following is the tax-list of this year (1765) the first one recorded in the ancient town records : 'Tliu cnpay of the Licato In Lawfiill niony, 1765. •John Hall Widdow Sarah Andrsou Kbne/er Stavena .I(«eph Maaten J.evt. DanUl McNieal Sanmol Stark Knai^n .lames Mel 'allow *> Cai't. .Tohn Stark 1 l.evt. Arthabald Stark « John Uiddell " Janui Bidden <• Thomas Ru8« ^ Johnathan Rn** ^ £ >. d. riinu.li Kichordeson *> 8 Henrv lilasdel " ' 8 Benjamin Steaviens 1 ■' ^ Ezekile -Stivena « 3 7 SerKt. Abraliam Mcrrell 10 5 Abrhani Merrell, Jnnr 7 10 Jo^ephe Gorge 7 7 John t-lrifenj: 7 4 William Nutte 7 7 Cajit. John Moors 14 11 Conl. Jolm Goffe 1 » Samuel Moorrs 7 6 Thomas Newman 6 6 William Tagert 11 James McNight 12 1 David MeXight 8 5 William Hall « 10 Elizer Koljena '-' ^ William Pirhain 12 11 John Pirham ^ ^ Charleas Emerson 16 9 John Harvey 11 2 William Pirham Junr 9 5 Michael JlcClintock 14 5 Samuel Boyd 8 1 Nathaniel Boyd " ~ 4 Widdow Marget Boyd " <' 6 Isabeld McFarlon * rapt, .^lisaiider McMnrphy "19 James Hornor 6 1 Alexander McClintock 7 1 William Gembel " '>^ * John Heron .... 9 7 JanicB Perces '> T David Stiratt " 1" 6 Sergt. William SlcClintock 18 9 John McClintock 8 15 William McClintock Jun 6 John Dickey 9 6 Davit Been 6 Davit Been, Jnnr G James Kamiesy, Londonderry 6 En. William Bller 2 William Smith " 6 John Eacken, Londonderry " 5 llobt. McChier, Londonderry 4 Capt. John Goffe, Jnn. Bedford » 6 Edward Barry 6 (1 Johnathan siirall 7 10 John Crown 6 John McCallon 6 Joseph Sloorrs ^ *• ^ Ebinezer Xoyea 4 6 James Graves ** ^ ** Joseph (Jnimby * ' •" Samuel guimby 1 0^ Joseph Jouens " 1 6" But a year of preaching did not produce any better state of feeling, and both parties prepared for a severe contest at the annual meeting in March, 1766. The quarrel had now become almost entirely jjcr- sonal, iind the object of both i)arties was to elect cer- tain leading men to office. True, these men were in favor of or against certain measures, but the men of one party, at least, seem to have been more cared for than measures. On the 3d of March the annual meet- ing came off at the meeting-house, and the Hall party, taking time by the forelock, were present in force at the time appointed for the meeting, and proceeded to organize and to choose officers. The following officers were chosen, viz. : John Hall, moderator; John Hall, town clerk; Alexander McMurphy, Ebenezer Stevens, John Hall, selectmen James McXight, constable. I MANCHESTER. 8i> Alter this successful manceuvre iu the choice of the principal town officers, the meeting was adjourned for a half-liour to John Hall'stavern. The object of the adjournment is not set forth, but as Mr. Hall kept a tavern, it may be that they adjourned to enjoy some element of rejoicing not found in the meeting-house. Tlie adjournment over, they proceeded to elect ''Mickael Mcdintock, Hondry Blaisdel, Cliarleas Euien«on, Joseph fjorge, Soniere of Higways ; Josepli JIarsten, WiUiam N'utt, Tuylhing- nien : The JSelectrm-n, Kciirt'-viewcns; Klizer Itubbius, James Kiddell, I'ecr-Keepere : Kbini-zor Stevens, Siirvier of LiinilM-r ; Thomas Ituss, Sltfler of Leather ; Mickaiu«ers had lM*n ut W'irk .V whtrtjc Lots tbi\v )iad Improved iii»iti .V found they had ileured, •t h'ft^t cut a grate deal of Timber down, liad bnllt a ciiinp U|)on Solly \ Marclius^Aon Slo^irvi-y A Blanchards and your Exi'dlencys Lots on , the wfft Bide of Contncimk River they Iiavo don a great deal of work fi'Dciil It all In with a Considonible Good Rnning fence have bnttt a ' rnnip on it X alth<>' no hin\y wait thejr when we M^ro their yet we are | prity tare that Poc' Perry is the man thathris Treapassecl u|M(n your lot A \ I"'lly it is that he )n as they Hit U> wt>rk again I have 2 men In- ' gnK*«d to Be*- thorn at work A acipiaint me with tlieir iianiet.— Tlie Land , Im Kxceeding Go4)d but I think your Excellencys Im (ttiiwrior to aiiy at that part of tb« Society l^nd and (hat maid them fellows O.Tet It it i« i certainly worth mony— I Intended to have wated u\ioii your Kxcellcncy when the Infe' Cort set but I hurt my self when up their with heat and \ laying out in the Wet mo that I have not ben well wncc I came from ' their — Your Kxceltency may Remember that wo In Dornfleld |»eti- tluiu'd the Gen" Cort for an act to call a town meeting fur tlie choice of lo«n offlciTB which when I calM .luhn Hall with f'ol" Ilarr who have > RirivtH) III! that in in their |>owi>r t<» Injun' in<; of late A at tho mefilng , Col" Rarr cam on porpos to affront me A Col" Barr Hiored" votoni for John haU with I^rgo promises and Webster a Trader at Chester hall ' Samuel SoUey and Clement March. 'If I'oloncl Uoffe stated th<3 tnitli in ()■• hlrini; vot«r* la not no mndern. f.ii..i;,.iiic. Ibe |>nuli.'. Iliered 1 have by good Information to come to Threaten hii* detters in town, if thoy did not vote for Ilall he could not stay upon them Ac, 00 that upon the whole with their Influence hall obtained eighteen voters be side him self and there was oighteon vote» on the o])|>o9ito Hide of the most substantial men in town so that when they had don all they could that could not git hall any olhce without voting for himself nor none that was chosen that day A several Rec* Deeds from Col^ Barr A others that day to make them voters which I suppose held them no longer than that Night fur I am confident they wouM not Trust them A shilling ever expecting to Git it. — And as soon as tlie meeting was over Juhn Hall told Es(]r Sheepard the moderator that he had Beat GofTe now A he would have a commission of the peace In spit« of any body that should oppose it for Col** Barr A Maj Emerson and M' Webster with his friends at the Bank would procure it for him — now may it please Your Excel- lency if such an Insulting fellow (for I have beard bim Insult thewhol Gover') nmny timea and a man that lias Live ;W or forty years upon a place A could never Raise half his provision, to Git that post would strive for to make niony by it and put the i)eoplo into confusion for work he ect. ** I am your Excellencys most Humble A Devoted Servant "John Goffe. '* His Excellency, Govenor Wintworth." The following is the tax-list for 1700 : "The Copy of the List in lawful money for yo year 17G0 of the polU and Estates. £ «. d. "David McKnight 8 n James McKnight 10 5 John Hand, F:8q 5 4 John Goflfe, Esq 169 Samuel Moors ti 7 4 ('apt. John Moors 11 8 William Nutte G JohnGrifen 6 4 Benjamin Backer 4 3)-^ Juhepho Gorge ** 4 ."i^ Sergt. Abraham Mirall 00 1 Johnathan Mimll '1 7 Ezekiel Stivens - '.> % Benjamcn Stiveiis 07 Handicy Blliwial 7 3 Thuma.-^ Ilatl 00 G Thonios Rn*i. 4 John Riddell 4 Sergt. James Ridell <> 7 '^ Capt. John Stark 17 }4 Ensign James i^IcCawallow lo Ensign Samuel StJirk 4 •% John Hutchen 4 » Lcvt. Daniel ilcNieall n II 4 Sergt. Ebinof-er Stivom* 9 3 JoAepb Masteu 5 Levt. John Hall I 1 'J Daniel Hall ■ . . . 4 .1J^ Samuel Hall f-'^ Allx. .^IcCllntock 068 Jami's Hurnor 4 \^ David Slirmte OH 6J^ William Mct'lint.K-k 13 II John Mri'lintock it ", V^-i Jubn Diikey In William GemlR-al 2n 10 Cupl. .\lexander McMurphy Oil 7 Samuel B*»yd fi II Sergt. Nathaniel Boyd u 6 Widow B..yd u I I Mi.kel Mei'liulock n In 8 Jame<( Pin-eas 6 William Hall 04 7 (apt. Willium Pirbu.u 084 John fiib.UM ..084 90 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Elizei- Uobens 7 13^^ Chiiee Emerson 12 John flarve (' l:i Z]^ Williiiiii Pirham. Junr 05 7 Juni(.-s Ramsey, Londouderry 04 Robert SlcClure, liondonderry 003 John Eacken, Londundc-rry 4 Williiim Smith 6 Ensign Alex. Bller 099 "Recorded Feb. 7, 1707. "per me John Uall, " Town ('lark.'' From a comparison of the town-lists, it will be seen that during the year preceding the making of the tax- list of 17GG there had been a decrease of twelve ])o\]s in the town. The list of 1765 contained sixty-three, while that of 1766 contained hut Jiff y-o/ie. Eighteen men had deceased or left town, and six had been added to the town. But the case was still worse than this. Two of the men added to the list of 1766, Daniel and Samuel Hall, were men of the town just come of age, or never before taxed, so that in reality there had been a decrease of fourteen polls, or more than one-fifth of the polls of the town. In this state of things a petition was forwarded to the Legislature for redress. The petition was as fol- lows, viz.: "To His Excellency Banning Winlworth Esqr & Commander In Cheiff of His Mayestye's Province of New llampsbier, the Honorable his mivjes- tye's Councell And House of Representatives In General Assembly Con- veneil. ** The Pettt'tion of A number of the freeholders & In Habitants of the town of Derryfield Humbly Sbeweth, that the first moniiay of Murch annually is appointed by charter to be tbo Day for chueiugof Tuvvne offecere for the Currant year and the usual Co&tom of til town has been to warn the Town of time and place and Design of holding said meeting with the Several articles to bo acted upon on sd Day, by posting up a Coppy of Said warrant at three several places In said Town, (viz.) one at John Goffe Esqr's, one at John Hall, A one at Lr. Itusses at N'anieskeeg, which was a vote of Said Town, but so it was that mither of th« places had any Notification Set up, and one of them Particularly Nameskoeg had no Coppy Set up in that part of the town, So that they knew not the time of Day the meeting was to bo held ; yet notwithstanding two of the Selectmen and town Clarke did contrary to former Costom, with about ton or a Dozen of the Inhabitants and boys and iinqiuilified voters, did Enter and in about five nienuita time Chouse all the principal offecers for the town, Notwithstanding one of the Selectmen and the Constable A Several of the Inhabitants opposed them and told theiri it was not fair to hold Uie mectin before the Inhabitants rume.and that it was not the usual time of day that the meeting vse to begin <.1 that the inhabitants that must pay the Greatest part of the Taxes that shall com upon the town were not pi-eaant A that they would bo here presantly, yet they proceeded as afore Said, and at five minutes after eleven o' the clock a considerable number Cume & in balfe an hour the Inhabitant^ Cbeifly Came & uppon hearing that the princiital offecers were Chosen by a Small Number of voters and many of them not Qualified, they Con- cluded as thiit was the Day by Charter to Chuse town offecers they beinp the I-arger part of the Qualified voters belonging to Snid Town, maid proclamation that thoy were going to hold the town meeting A all were Desired to attend and they went to the meetinghouse and nmid Choise of a modemtor & Town Clark A Selectmen A all town ofTecors, A they were sworn to the faithful discharge of their Duty as the Law Directs, So that their is two Setsof offecere in Said town ivliich makes Confusition ; we most Humbly therefore Pray your Kxcelency A Hun'rs to take our Case under wiw» Coiisidemtiou and Grant that there may bo a Kegular town meeting in Said t«^in, William Xutt, John Griffin, John Stark, James McCalley, Samuel Siark, Daniel MeNeale, Thomas Kuss, John Band, John Hervey, Samuel Moor, John Moor." It will be seen that some of the men who had gen- erally acted with the Hall party signed this petition. They were doubtless dissatisfied with the unfair pro- ceedings of that party at the annual meeting. In fact, Captain W. ^IcClintock was present at that meeting, and told them that they were proceeding in an unfair manner. He was one of the selectmen for 1765, elected by the Hall partj-, and had hitherto been with them. While the matter of the petition was progressing, a meeting was called of tlie tnwii June 27, 1766, at which it was " Vuted to Kepear the meeting-House in part thies year. " Voted to Lay a good fllor in the 3leeting-House and make three Got-d Dores and Hinge them one s;xid House and shout upe the ounder windows and aCommadate the Meeting-House with forms Suitable for to Sit on." Meantime the petition came up for consideration before the House of Kepresentatives on the 3d of July, and the petitioners had leave to bring in a bill. On the 8th the bill passed the House and was as follows : " An A<-t for Vacating the meetings of the Town of Derryfield for the year 1760 held there by the Inhabitant** for the Choice of town offecers and for Deriecting A authorizing a meeting A the Choice uf town offecers for Said year. " Whtre>\s Sundry of the Inhabitants of Said Derryfield have Pititioned the General Assembly Respecting that Some designing men of Said In- babiUmts Having Some purpose to effect Relative to the affairs of Said town which they could not otherwise accomplish, buried on the annual meeting Sooner in the Day then is usiutl A before many of the princi|>al Inhabitants were Come to the place of Sdmeetiugwhereby a Selof offct-rs were Chosen who were Disiigreabel to the principal Inhabitants that af- terwards when the said Inhabitants Come thoy maid Choice of another Set of town offcers who on botlie Sides were Sworn A have proceeded to act in their respective offces whereby the greatest Confusion was like to Knsue in the town A therefore they pniyed that both of Said mectiugs might bo Vucted and maid void and a new mectinge Called for the Choiie of town offcers for thisyear which having been Exaeuined and both partys heard thereon and it appearingo that the affairs of Sd town are by this means Invollved in Confusion A perplexity which would Isue in Disor- tion of all the Legal Rights and Privileges of Sd town ; " For Prevention MTiereof ; Be it Enacted by the Governer Counseil A Assembly that both the Said meetings A all the Electiones their made and the whole proceedings of Each of them l>e and heareby is ileclairred null, void and of none Effect but are utterly Vacated and Destroyed and that the persons Choisen to any ortict- at Kithi*r and Each uf Sd meeting* are Hereby Dii^iti'^fic^ ^"'^ Rendered wludly uneable to act in tbeni or any of them and it is hereby further Enacted that n new meeting of Said In- habitants shall be Called fur the Election of town ottioers fur the Currant year and all parsons Quallifyeil as the Law Directcs for the Qualification of Such as are authorized to vote in the Choies of town offcers in the an- nual town meetings Shall be permitted Wediieii'day 13 Day of august at 2 clock in tho afternoon if they Shall Se caues to Vote at Sd meeting but all others A all minors are hereby E.xcluded from Voting at Said meet- ings as they oiiglit to be in hU such Cases and John Sheepard Juner of amherst Esqr is Hereby appointed to Call and Govern Sd meeting till the Whole busnees thereof Shall \» Ended A that no Parson Concerned may MANCHESTER. 91 Justly Coonipltiiuuf uitul ul uuiici-s iliu ^ Julin Sheoi>artl is hereby l>o- rected tu Give a NotiflcAtionto the T^st years Consluble of Sd towneetiDg firttie tliu time and pltico Detfigris of liuMing uf Csl mooting with the pur- |.<.UB thereof uud that Sd meeting id Called by tho authority of thiBact \v 111 fi -hall be Delivered to Said Constable at least fifteen Days before the \\i\ .i|puinled for holding SU niL-eting and Sd Constable Shall Give par- - iiul notice to all tho Quallied Voters of Sd Town ud has Some Custoni- iry times ben the there or leave a Coppy of the Sd Notiflction at the last 'ire of the alxwl of fluch of said peretins us he Cannot meet with at ii r>ay8 before the meeting And all the Town othcere which shall . .-M II pursuant Hereunto Shall have the same Power & Authority Jis . ly other Town officera have llelalive to the Duty uf their Respective off- ts And tho Said Constnlwl is hereby gubjetted to a, ponulty of three I»>und4 for Kefuseing or Neglecting his Duty herein to be Recovered by the Selectmen that Nhall be Cbo«cn by Said town for the use of Said town. "Province of \ In the Fluuse of Representatives, July New IIami«hiro / 8tli, 1706. " The foregoing Bill having ben three thnes Read Voted that It pass to bo Enacted. • " Lewis G. Goodwin, Speaker. "InCouncilJuly 9th, 1766, The foregoing bill Read a third timo & past to be enacted. "Theod W. Atkinson, Secretary. " Consented to " B. Wentworth. "In ucconlance with this Act, Mr. Shepherd on the l.'ith of July is- -iied tho following Warrant : " l*rovince of » To tho Constable of Derryfield in Said Now Hampshire. J ProWnce for the year 1765. ' ' WherfOM by a Special Act of the General Court for Sd province, paSMcd t their .Session this pris Instant July I am authorized to Call and Govern 1 meeting of tho Inhabiliintcs of Derryfield in order to Reform Some dis- orders that thoy have lately thrown themselves into Relative to town office rs : '* Wherefore you are hereby Kir, June'r. "Datttd July 16th 1766. " Recorded Feb. 28th 1707. "John Hall, Town Clark. " I'pon thi(* Warrant the Constable made tho following return : " Province of Now Hampshire, i the Inhabitants of Sd DerryAeM to Meet at time and placo & for tho purpose as mentioned in Sd precipt. "Charles Kmekkon, "ConHtablo for Derrvfield 1705. "Dated August i:ilh 1766. "Becordofl February :J8th 1767. "per mo John Hall, Town Clark." Auj^iiat 18th, the foUowinj^ officers were chosen : "John Hall, Town Clerk; David McNlght, Kbenexer Stevens, John Halt, Selectmen; James McKnight, Conshibto ; MIckael McClintock, Hantlry illais, David McKnight, Taytlilngmon ; tlie Selei'tm<'n, Fence-viowerH & praysoni of Damigo in the town as tho T for not providing tho afore Sd wights and mishers as the Law hies provided in that Kasse. "othly. to heir tho Keporte of tiie I'ommitey that waa Choseon to Ex- aming Sundry years accounptes in behalfo of the town, to wite, Conel John GofTe, Capt. Alex McMurphy, & mr Neathainel B*'yd Conmiiley The opposition rallied and voted the fer Day fl 10 To travling feoii one huudrena, one day 23 my Hors Hier 33 and Esq. underwomi for Summons for Evidences and hia attendance 88. . . 13 To a Fee to mrautburton half a Ginne 14 To Charge and Exjmnco at Tompsons 18 1770, 27 Feb., to Mories Senters, whan the Rvil for I>erryfiold Case waa to Held their one Day my Serif and Hors . . 03 to Cash jMiid Sauter for my own and william mac Clin- tocka and witnes Expent^es to Esqr. underwood for 8ummoU8 For a man and liorato goe to E&ir. Lovewells to a Pay in Giting paper and preiwiring for Tryal ... to a Fee to one parson 1779, 5 Sept., to Esijr. nnderwood for fouer witnesses ... to a Notifycation to I'harge and ExpenKes while Swaring Evidenca and the Esqi-s. Dinner at my House to one Days attendance my Salf 17911, Sept., at the Inferior Cort twelve Days at 2s ymr Day . Traveling fees on Hundred mils at 2p pr mile .... Extra Charge to my Expanco at portumoulh to mr pickren fee 2 Dolrs mr Lowel for 2 Dolars ... 1 1775, Feb. 7, at Supperior Cort to a Coppy at the Case to mr Ring 4 to mr Dowel 1 Doler as a fee to mr pickren 4 Dolore as a fee 1 to twelve Pays at 2s per Day 1 to our Eating and Lodging and Hors Keeping as pr Marches Bill for Captn Jolin Stark and David Star- ret 5 Extra Expenses to Traveling fees one Hundred miles at 2p per mile . . u 12 04 12 02 07 02 01 OG 02 04 IG 06 04 0-t £ Captn John Stark account as Evidence, attendance at Samuel Thompsons In Londonderry 5 Days and Travling fees 24 miles at 2d \h;t mile to a Day attendance and travL-ling fees at IVIoees Stau- ters Jun., IJtchfield I'.t mile.s at 2d pr mile .... to your attendance at Portsmouth upon Semance at the ■ Superior Corte andtravoling fees 100 miles at 3d pr mile to G Days aitendence at Is Rd jier day at Said Cort . . i the above is the total of Capn Stark account, E Expected. Capt'n John moore attendance first Rule Corte Day Is 6d to Ihir Rule at Santera Is fid attendance as a an Evedoncu 1st time Is Gd the second time for thf Supperor Cart Is Gd travling fees 18 mites at 2d per mile the above is the total of Captn moor account E Expected. David Starotts account against the Town of DoiT}fiortsmoutli n 10 06 04 04 02 06 10 8 the above is the whole of the Conlls account Exceptd . £ 21 19 £ 8. 06 8 03 03 06 12 06 f. d 03 04 12 10 08 no n 03 06 03 02 t> 02 9 f07 13 08 17G9 24 Nov., to waiting upon the Rule of Cort the first time at Samuel TomiJsous In Londonderry 1 Day of my Salf and of my hors lT7o, 27 Feb, to moses Senters in Litchfield at tlio Second Itule of Cort, For 1 Day of my Salf at Is <>d per Day and 1 day of my hors at Is 6d per Day 1771, Feb. 4, to ExiMincesses to Portsmouth for my Salf and Captn John Sijirk and David Starrett, in tlio whole at sundry plasses to mr Lowel as a fee 3 Dolers to phlips at Dwiers 2 mugs to Cash paid to Corll Goffe In mr marches In ports- mouth at Chaster to a nials of otes and a jil of Rum a Coming horn to 12 Days of my Salf at 2s per Day 1 to hors hire to Portsmouth to Capn John Stark and David Starrott accounts for Ex- pance a Coiniiit; horn from portsmputh which Ex- pance Said nic Clintock paid at grenlan to 1 Bowl of Todey and two mess otes at Exetor as by folsomes Bill for Eiting and Drinks and otes at Kings town for Loging and hors Keeping . . . at Chaster to Eating and Drinks and otes ..... the above is the totel of william mc Clintocks account, E Expected." At this meeting it was voted that 'A committee of five men be chosen to settle all accounts Between Levt. John Hall and the town of Derryfield, and this Committee shall have full power ot substitution in behalf of said town, to make a Com- plete and final settlement with said Hall and make a report to the Town as soon as may hv convenient." The settlement was, no doubt, soon after effected. The expense of this suit to the town had amounted to £43 17s. 8(/., more than the whole tax of the town. "21y, to see if the Inhabitants of Said town will Vote to Give the Revr. George Gilmoro a Call to the Worke of the Menietry in said Derryfield to be tlicir MoneSter. " 3ly, to See how nuich yearly Salai-y they Will Vote the said Gilmore if he Ext--ept their Call. "4Iy, to See how much Setelment Money they Will Vote the said Gil- more if he Except their Call. ":dy, toSee if they Will Vote to Sand a man or nieen to treet with the said Gilmoro and agree about the mater as the tuwn pleeses to order." September 6, 1773, it was " Votetl to Dismis the above Warrant but the town thought Be«t to sand for the Revr. George Gilmore, and it was put to vote and the Town voted to sand for the Revr. George Gilmore as sun as possible to com and jireach with us Eighth Days upon Fonder Trill." December 23d, same year^ it was •Toterf on the third Aiticul in the »'arrant to Give Rovt. George Gil- more a Call to the Work of the Ministry to be our settled Minister in Said Town. "Then Voted on the fourth Articul in the Warrant to Give the Revtl George Gilmore thirty Pounds LawfuU money in Cash, for his annual Settled yearly Sahiij So Long as ho the Said Gilmore Contenes to ho our >ettled minister in said Town. '* Vl on the Said Articul to Give the Revt. George Gilmore for a fcttioment thirty I'ountls Lawfull money in Ca«h and Sixty Pounds Law- full money to be pjiid in Labour at two shillings Lawfull per Day for man and the Sjime fur oxen, the Said Labor is to be i>nid in four yearw Com- mencing from the lime that the Said Gilmore Excepts and settle-'i with us in Said town fifteen Pounds per year and the Above Cash within one year uf the Said lime. " Voted on the fifth articul in the Warrant to Chuse a Committee to treet with the Revt. George Gilmore Relating the above Votes, then Voted David Starnt, Samuel Boyil, J«ihn [wrhatu and Levtn. James mac Callev to be the Conunittee and make report to the Town. MANCHESTER. 93 *' Then Vototl to a^j^uru tlii^ nictitiog tilt tbo third moiiiliiy Id fubru- ary to the house uf Levtn. John balls^ at one of the Clock in the after* noon OD tbo Said Day. *' Derryfielp, Febniiiry the 21th Day, 1774. "Then nitet according to adjournment the luo'Iemtor and Ck-rk pres- ent and tbo luoetia Caled, then Votod to DitumiH thu Sixth urlicul in the Warrant by IletKm tliat the above Contniittco had nut Rect-ivt-d unuy an- swer from the Rcvt. Geargo Gilmorc/' Nothing was done towards repairing the meeting- house during the Revolution, and it became much dilapidated. On the 22d day of May, 1780, an attempt was made to sell the ''pew ground,'' Ibr the purpose ot" raising money to repair the meeting-house, but the project was voted down. June 3, 1783, it wad '* Votett to Rjiisone hundred DoUum and to apply tbo Sitnie toards Ue- pairing ttie nicetiug-bouso iu Dt-rryfiuld and that the Haiiie Bu RaitH-'d this prvwnt year the one half in nimiey iind the other Imlf in Luhour and niitabic nietorials 6ut<:li as Shall Be Excepted By the Connnitty that Shall be Hereafter Choose n fur that puri>oBo. " VoUil that 31ajor Webnter, Levt. Dan'l hall and Sanuiel Stark Be a Committy to provide nieterials an the Committoo for the Sum of monry that S^l grounds fw sold for the to help to repair tlio moot- tng-houHe this year. *' 2dly. Ho that Purcbewth any of the abst Ihem, to bo Recorded In Di;rrylU'ld Town Book. ";tdly. TIm- Buyer muHt pay Iwn-lhirdHof the purchiso in tilaw, NalloB, or man-hanlable CliibboanU or Putty itt or beforo Ibo Ilret day of Se|»- tenibor Next, tV and tbo Remaindering third In Cash at or before the flnrt Pay of .Fanuary Next. "given umlor our Hand, Dataniol Diivlso 2 1 18 . . Daniel lliill 2 1*1 . . Capt. John Porhaiii 1 5 .'10 . . .laim-H fiomnin I 13 24 . . .Tobn firwn 1 2 '-"^ . . Capt. John Perhum I 7 2«) . .John Hall I 11 2.'. . . Levt. David Merrell 1 o 1 . . John Stnrk, Jr I 4 IT . , Jonathan (.Jn-ely 1 R .:i . . Ami lluMltlne " Number. je i. 4 . . David Webster 1 o 3 . . Jo!*epb Iliiwltino 1 4 32 . . William Nutt l o II* . . Doctr John DuHton 1 9 1- . . Abnibam Amniy 1 6 26 , . Isreal Young I 6 10 . . John Dickey 1 5 31 . . Capt. Samuel Hoor 1 13 . . Joaepb Farmer 1 o 15 . . Peter Kuiereon I o 8 . ArcbilMild Uamblo 1 4 7 . . JobIi uu Perse 1 2;j Samuel Moor 1 1 y . . Thomiia Griffon 1 11 . . Joseph Farmer 1 27 . .JohnGofVo 1 24 . . Maj. John Webster 1 1 Total £30 II " Recorded January 11th, 1791. John GciFrr,, Totm Vlerh. The purchasers built their pews immediately, and the lower part of the house was of respectable tinish. March 5, 1792, it was "Voted to raise forty dollars to Repair the Meeting Uoubo. ** Voted that the Selectmen lay out the Money to Build the Gallery Stares and Lay the Gallery Hores." The stairs were built and the floors laid, aud on the 30th day of October following it was '* Voted to BcU the Pew Ground in tbe Gallerj's, k tbo pews to be five feet in frount froni the Wall." " Voted that the pew ground be sold at Vendue." " Voted that the Selectmen bo a committee to sell the pewg." The sale took place on the 10th day of November, 1792, on the following conditions : " DKiiitrriELD, Nov. 10th, 1793. " Articles of the Sale uf the Pew ground in tbo Gallorys of the Derry- fleld MoetinK-Hou«). *' Artical first, the highest bidder shall bo the pnrcbasiT. *' 2dly. No bid shall bo excepted loss then sixpence. "3dly. the purcbosur shall give security to the Kxcoptanco of tbe Com- mittee to be paid by tbe last day of May Next. "4thly. tbe purchewr shall huvo for bisftecurity the plan A the No of the pew struck off to him Itoconiod in the Town Itook. *'5thly. the committee shall have E>iuul liiborly to bid with the other !u habitants. "John Staiik, "Daniel Davib, "Samukl Moob, " Commiltre,''* The account of the .sale was as follows : £ «. J. " No. 2 struck off to William Porhani 1 10 " 1 " " David .siovomi 2 13 " 3 " " John Sliirk 3 10 " 4 " " Aide Huso 1 7 " 6 " " Jainee MiOoroy 1 6 " " " Samuel Smith 1 6 (J "16 " " " " 2 12 " 14 " " C»i)t John Porham .... 2 13 " 11 " " a»pt Samuel Moor. ... 1 12 " 10 " '* William Porham 1 in " D " " Able Ilutto 1 GO " 7 " " Green Simon 1 7 " 8 " " Wllllum Sievenrt 1 7 " 12 *• " Daniel DavjH 1 " 13 ■' " J. dm Malt Jr I 8 ft jC2r. 12 fi" 94 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The house, however, was never tinished. Conten- tion and discord had borne their fruits. Tlie majority of the people cared but little about the building, and at no time was it fit ibr public worship. The Rev. Mr. Pickels (says Judge Potter, in referring to this old house), an eccentric clergyman of that time, preaching in it as late as about 1803, took his hearers to task for not finishing and rejjairing the house. After telling them of their duty in this matter in a very forcible strain, as was his wont, he closed by naming to them the penalty for not doing their duty in this particular. " Why," continued he, " if you don't repair tlie house of God, the d — 1 will come in and carry you out at the cracks." It is said, that for fear of the penalty, the house was immediately repaired so as to prevent any such egress for his satauic majesty and the delinquent hearers. The Rev. William Pickels was a native of Wales, where he married Margaret Tregallis. After emigrat- ing to this country he preached for a time in Phila- delphia. He came into the neighboring town of Bed- ford somewliere about 1787. He preached in Bedford, some years, a portion of the time. At first he was very popular as a preacher, and it was proposed to settle him, but for some reasons, not readily accounted for, an opposition s])rang up against him in Bedford, and became so violent as to forbid the idea of a settle- ment. His enemies charged him with dissolute habits in Philadelphia, but the charge was stoutly denied by his friends. At length tlie strife waxed so warm and became so pointed that Lieutenant John Orr offered to lay a wager of fifty dollars that the charge was true. The wager was taken by Mr. Pick- els' friends, and Mr. William Kiddle was agreed upon as the agent of the parties to proceed to Philadelphia and investigate the charge. His report was to be final. Mr. Kiddle went to Philadelphia on horse- back, investigated tlie matter, found the charge untrue in every particular, returned and reported the result. There was great exultation on the part of the winners and they met at the store of Isaac Riddle, Esq., to re- joice over the victory. Mr. Riddle was designated as their agent to go to Mr. Orr's and get the wager. He accordingly waited ujjoii Mr. Orr and made known the result of the investigation. Without making a remark. Lieutenant Orr went to his desk and ])aid over the money. Mr. Riddle took the money back to the winners, and it was .spent at the counter in liquor for the multitude. But the result did not stay the opposition against Mr. Pickels, and he was forced to abandon the idea of a settlement. He, however, con- tinued to preach in Bedford a portion of the time for some sixteen years. His friends would i)ay their money for no other man as long as he was in the neighborhood ; and as they constituted near one-half of the people in Bedford, and among them some of the most influential, Mr. Pickels continued to "supply the pulpit " about one-half of the time. The remaining part of the time he preached in the vicinity, mostly in Derryfield. At length an opposition .sprang up against him here, probably having its origin in Bed- ford, and it was thought best to settle the question of his employment in town-meeting. Accordingly, in the warrant of October 19, 1796, was the following article: "4thly. To see if the town will vote to raise money for the purpose <>r hiring Mr. Willijim Pickels to Preach for them some part of the year Ensueing, if lie can be obtained." At the meeting November 7, 179(), it was " Voted to hire Mr. William Pickels one third part of the Year Ensue- ing to Preach in this town." From this time he continued to supply the pulpit in this town till 1804, sometimes hired for a specific num- ber of Sabbaths, and again to " preach out the money raised." About 1804 he removed to Maine, where he continued to reside until his death. Mr. Pickels was an eloquent preacher and a fine scholar, but very eccentric in his habits. He finally announced his belief in the doctrine of universal siilvation. The First Congregational Church.— This church was formed by the union of a Presbyterian Church, which was organized at Manchester Center May 21, 1828, and a Congregational Church, organized at Amoskeag December 2d of the same year. The Presbyterian Church never had a house of its own and a pa-stor was never settled over it. For a few months after its formation its pulpit was supplied by the Rev. William K. Talbot. In 1833, Benjamin F. Foster was ordained as an evangelist, and he for some time furnished occasional preaching. Those of its members who united with the Amoskeag Church to form another .at the new vill.ige in Manchester were Moses Noyes, Lucy Noyes, Robert P. Whitte- niore, Hannah Jane Whittemore, Jennet Dickey, Eliziibeth Hall, Bally Whittemore, Eliza A. Moor, Jerusha Griffin, Maria Noyes, Elizabeth Stark, Abby Stark, Mrs. F. G. Stark. Like the Presbyterian Church, the Congregational was without a house or a pastor of its own. Among those who occupied its pulpit were the Rev. B. F. Foster (who divided his time between this church and the one at the Centre), the Rev. Mr. Noble, the Rev. Mr. French, the Rev. Mr. Stone (afterwards a missionary in Siam), and Cyrus W. Wallace, who be- gan his labors with it on the last Sunday in April, 1839, and who afterwards became its pastor. About that time the church began to hold meetings at the new village in Manchester with the a])proval of the church at the Centre, sustaining thus the first regu- lar Sunday services in what is now the compact part of the city. At the time when it ceased to exist as a separate church its members were Daniel Farmer, George Berry, Samuel Poor, Henry Peacock, Nahum Baldwin, Betsey Farmer. Mrs. Samuel Poor, Mrs. Nahum Baldwin, Lettice McQuesten, Betsey Flan- \ MANCHESTER. 95 any for the purpose of building a church in Amos- keag village. This vote was rescinded, other plans and places were discussed and in 1839 it was decided to build a house of worship on Hanover Street, near Elm. The Amoskeag Company gave the lainl and the Stark Mills gave five hundred dollars to help bnild the church. Other means were obtained by making shares of stock, which were soon taken up. The house was begun in the spring, finished in the .lutumn and dedicated in November of 1839. It then contained one hundred and twenty-two pews and would accommodate six hundred and fifty persons. During the process of building, the society, which had already left Amoskeag, worshiped in Franklin Hall, on Amherst Street, nearly in the rear of the present church. In 1852 the house was enlarged, the congregation worshiping meanwhile in the city hall. About 1842 a vestry or chapel was built just back of the church. About 1846 the society forsook its original name and took that of the F'irst Congregational Society in ^Manchester. January 9, 1865, it having been twenty- five years since the settlement of the Rev. Dr. Wal- lace, the event was celebrated by the society and other friends by a gathering at Smyth's Hall, Peter K. Chandler, then president of the society, in the chair. Dr. Wallace ijreached a commemorative sermon, and addresses were made by the llev. Thonuis Savage, of Bedford, a member of the council convened to settle Mr. Wallace; the Rev. Henry E. Parker, of Concord; the Rev. Nathaniel Bouton, D.D., of Concord ; the Rev. Henry M. Dexter, of Boston, and the Rev. William II. Fenu, of Manchester, former pastors of the Franklin Street Society ; William G. Means, of Andover, Jlass., secretary and treasurer of the first society from 1842 to 1854; and John B. Clarke, of Manchester. Dr. Wallace was made the recipient of several articles in testimony of the regard of his people. The present church eilifiee was completed in 1880, at a cost of about si.\ty-five thousand dollars. It is a substantial and commodious brick structure, beauti- fully located, and has a seating capacity of thirteen hundred and fifty. It was dedicated May 12, 1880. The Franklin Street Cong'reg'ational Church was ()rgani/.<'(l May 7, 1S4I, as llic Second Congregational Society, with the following ofli- eers: .(ohn Crosby, president; -Xbram Urigham, clerk' and treasurer; William C. Clarke, Thomas Carleton, Walter T. Jaquith, directors. On the 27th of June, of the same year, a church was organized in connection with the society. The first pastor was Rev. Henry M. Dexter, who was ordained November 6, 1844. They worshiped in the town hall until its destruction by fire, then in a chapel on Concord Street and a hall in Patten's block, then in the new town liall until the comi)letion of their present houscof worship, on the corner of Market and Frank- lin Streets. A|)ril 25, 1860, the name was changed froip Second Congregational to I'" ranklin Street So- ciety. The church building was remodclerl in 1878 at an expen.sc of about twenty-three thousand dollars, and the seating capacity increased to fourteen hun- dred. A tower was added, in which has been placed 96 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. a chime of nine bells, weighing seven thousand fivc hundred ijounds, the gift of ex-Goveruor Smyth. Mr. De.Kter remained pa-stor of the churcli until March 14, 1849, when he was dismissed. His suc- cessor was Rev. Henry S. Clarke, who was installed September 26, 1849. The latter remained till July 1, 1852, and November 3, 1852, Rev. Samuel C. Bart- lett was installed. He was dismissed February 18, ] 1857, and his successor, Rev. Aaron C Adams, was i settled on the 22d of July, of the same year. ; He left September 22, 1858, and Rev. William j H. Fenn became pastor February 10, 1859, remaining over seven years, being dismissed July 17, 18()6. He was followed by William J. Tucker, who was ordained January 24, 1867, and continued pastor of the church until April 21, 1875. The ne.xt minister was Rev. Washington Choate. His installation occurred Sep- tember 29, 1875, and his dismissal December 26, 1876. ' William V. W. Davis was ordained and installed September 12, 1877, and dismissed September 25, 1882. Rev. George B. Spalding, D.D., having re- ceived a call from this society, resigned his pastorate '. at Dover, and was installed pastor of this church ! February 14, 1882. and is the present pastor. First Baptist Church.' — The first church in this i town was of the Baptist denomination, and was or- ganized in 1S12, under the pastoral care of Rev. David Abbott. It consisted of fourteen members. It flour- ished under Mr. Abbott's teaching until 1820. At i that time it numbered twenty-two, when dissensions I among the brethren crept in, and the spirit of religion went out and the church was broken up. In 1829 a Methodist Episcopal Church was organized, and in the following year a liouse of worship was erected. This was the first meeting-house finished in Manches- ter. In 1831-32 the Rev. Matthew Newhall, from the New Hampshire Conference, was stationed here. With the above exception, the First Baptist Church of this city was the first church in town to call and set- tle a pa.stor. This church was gatnered by Rev. John Peacock, who has lell on record the initiatory steps of its organization, as follows : "Lord's ItAV. July ;;i;, 183.^. " The Baptist Church in (joflatown voted this day tu ackuonledgo us whofio names are liere eni-olled — the .\nioskeug Urancli of tlio Goffs- town Cburcli ; authorizing Uit to engagu our ntiniiiter and reward liini, to receive members and dismiss tbeltl, and to enjoy the communion, .Vc, Ac. " Elder John Peacock, Daniel Gooden, Mrs. JIary R. Peacock, Jolm Stevens, Hopoy Tewkslinry, Mrs. Susan M. Steveni, Betsey Towksbury, Eli/.abetli McIntiPe, Zilpah Gould, Abigail Rider." The Branch held its meetings for religious worship in a hall at Amoskcag village, and under the faithful services of its pastor accessions to its numbers were receivfed from Sabbath to Sabbath. At length the time came when it was deemed that the interests of religion required a separate organization. I By l>avid P. Perkins. December 1, 1836, at a meeting of the Branch, it was voted substantially as follows : "Ist. That it is now expedient to form (in independent church, aud for that purpose to ask dismission from the church at (JofTstown. " 2d. That we adopt as the articles of our faith and practice ' the arti- cles prepared by the New Hampshire Baptist State Convention.' *':{d. That our pastor be authorized to call an ecclesiastical council fur advice, aud to take such action as in their wisdom the best interests of the church may seem to require." January 4, 1837, in pursuance of the foregoing ac tion, a council consisting of the following brethren assembled in Roger Williams Hall, at Amoskeag vil- lage, to wit : Rev. George Evans, Horace Eaton and others, of the Goffstown Church; Rev. D. D. Pratt, of Nashua ; Rev. A. T. Foss, of New Boston ; Rev. Mark Carpen- ter, of Milford ; Rev. Bartlet Pease, of Hudson ; Rev. Samuel Abbott, of Bedford ; and Rev. S. C. Pratt, of New Hampton. After full deliberation, the council vnted unani- mously to recognize John Peacock, Daniel Goodeii, Andrew J. George, John Washer and their associates of the Amoskeag Branch as an independent church. The following are the forty-five original members, who were thus publicly recognized : Rev. John Peacock, Deacon Daniel Gooden, John Stevens, Stephen Washer, John Washer, Andrew J, George, Hopie Tewksbury, Betsey Tewksbury, Klizabetli Mclntire, Zilpah Gould, Abigail Rider, Eliza ^Ic- Duffie, Mrs. Blary R. Peacock, Mrs. Marinda Gooden, Mrs. Susjui M. Stevens, Mrs. Louisa A. Washer, Mrs. Polly Washer, Emily George, Lettice Caldwell, Abigail Caldwell, Dolly Leonard, Mary J. Tewksbury, Lucy Ann Chellis, Rebecca Dean, Mary .\un Smith, Lucy Reed, Mary Runno, Emeline Towle, Mrs, Caroline IL Goodwin, Rachel Colby, Muiy Muzzy, ,?ane McCoy, Maria Davis, Lavina Kimball, Lydia Caldwell, Sarah Whipple, Lois Smith, Xancy Tewksbury, Rhoda .\nn McCoy, Hannah Lord, Sally Kolleusbee, Harriet Is". Plumer, Judith H. Plunier. Sarah Lord, Mary .\nn Mar>ih. Rev. John Peacock continued the pastorate until the following October, when, at his own request, he received from the church a letter of dismission and recommendation to the church in Peterborough. During these few months, nineteen had been addeil, — by baptism, six ; and by letter, thirteen. Removals, ten, — by letter, seven ; exclusion, three. July 9, 1838, Rev. Ephraim K. Bailey entered upon the pastorate, and the church, having removed to the new village, as,sembled for religious worship in Wash- ington Ilall, on Amherst Street. October 17, 1839, a contract was made between Daniel Gooden, John B. Goodwin, Dr. J. H. Morse and J. W. Watkins, on the part of the First Baptist Society, and E. Morri- rison and William McPherson, on the other part, for the erection of a church edifice on a lot of land situ- ated at the corner of Manchesterand Chestnut Streets, given to the society by the Anioskciig Manufacturing Company. Agreeably to the contract, a brick building was erected, seventy-six feet long by fifty-eight feet wide and twenty-six feet from the principal floor to the beams. The enterprise was completed at an expense of MANCHESTER. 97 about t>ix thousand dollars, and in the autumn of 1840 the church was dedicated to the service of Gjd. " At a church-meeting, September 22, 18-Ml, it was Voted, That this ehurcli shall hereafter be called and known by the name of ' The First Baptist Church in Manchester.' " The pastor, Rev. E. K. Bailey, having served faith- fully and successfully during the period of three years and five months, severed his official connection with the church and society December 19, 1841. The results of his pastorate in additions to the church were one hundred and twelve, of whom thirty were by baptism, eighty by letter and two on expe- rience. Removals, twenty-one, — by letter, sixteen ; by death, three; and by exclusion, two. Rev. James Uphain entered upon the pastorate January 16, 1842, and resigned January 16, 1843. There were gathered into the church through the fkithful services of this l)eloved piistor, one hundred and thirty, — by baptism, forty-nine ; by letter, seven- ty-six ; experience, four; and by restoration, one. Removals, thirty-two, — by letter, twenty-nine; by death, one ; and by exclusion, two. Rev. Benjamin Brierly served as pastor of the church from December 10, 1843, to May 24, 1846, in- clusive, — a period of two years and six months. It was mainly through his influence that the Sec- ond Baptist Church in tills city was constituted, about thirty members of the parent church having been dismissed on the 27th of October, 1845, for that pur- pose. During the pastorate of Mr. Brierly one liuiidrc 1 and forty-one members were admitted to the churdi, — by baptism, thirty-seven; by letter, ninety-nine; and on experience, five. Removals, one hundred and four, — by letter, seventy- four ; by death, nine ; and by excommunication, twenty-one. Rev. Thonuis O. Lincoln's pa.storate commenced August it, 184IJ, and terminated August 11, 1850. He served four years, resulting in aderience, nine ; and by resto- ration, three. Removals, one hundred and thirty-one, — by letter, seventy-one; by death, sixteen; dropped, forty; and by exclusion, four. Rev. B. F. Iledden served the church as pastor two years, from September 24, 1854, to September 29, 1856, inclusive. He received into the church Ibrty-seven members, — by baptism, twenty-six ; by letter, eigh- teen ; cm experience, one ; and by restoration, two. During this pastorate there were seventy removals, — by letter, fifty-eight ; by death, eleven ; and by ex- clusion, one. Rev. George Pierce was the pastor of the church eight yeare and six months, from March 15, 1857, to October 1, 1865. During this pastorate there were added to the church one hundred and ninety-one members, — by baptism, one hundred and ten ; by let- ter, sixty-seven : on experience, thirteen ; and by restoration, one. Removals, one hundred and sixty- three, as tbllows : By letter, eighty-two; by death, thirty-four; dropped from the rolls, forty; aud by exclusion, seven. Rev. N. C. Mallory entered upon the pastorate December 10, 1865, and resigned .luly 1, 1870, having served the church in the pastoral oHiccfour years and seven months. The additions to the church received by Mr. Mallory were ninety-five, of whom forty-five were by baptism ; by letter, thirty-five ; on experience, fourteen ; and by restoration, one. Removals, one hundred and six, — by letter, fifty-nine; by death, fourteen ; dropped from the rolls of the church, thirty- two ; and Ijy excomniunicatiou, one. July 8, 1870, the city of Manchester was vis- ited by a most destructive fire, consuming a vast amount of valuable property, and the meeting-house in which the church had worshiped thirty years be- came a heap of smoldering ruins. The pastor had been dismissed but a few days, and thus the church was left houseless, homeless and with- out a spiritual guide. After the loss of their house, among the first things proposed by the church and society was the erection of a new one. A lot of land situate on the corner of Conconl and Union Streets Wius procured and contracts made lor the con.struction of a church edifice on a scale the proportions and expense of which far exceeded the old building. In the mean time the church and society extended a call to the Rev. Alfred C. (iraves to become their pastor. The call was accepted, and January 1, 1871, Mr. (iraves entered upon his work. Tlie church and congregation hehl together with constantly in- creasing interest, working in harmony, shoulder t(» shoulder, apparently regarding their great misfortune a blessing in disguise. At first they worshiped in Music Hall, then in the old Fuitarian house on Mer- rimack Street, and lastly in Smyth's <)|>era-IIoiise. The work upon the building went forward with en- ergy, and on the 14tli day of July, 1X72, justone year from the laying of the corner-stone, the church and congregation held their first meeting for religious worship ill ihcir new vestry. Here they continued 98 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. to worship until Ihe house was i'ully jiiopared for occupancy. April 30, 187.S, the house having been completed in all its parts, was dedicated to the service of Almighty God. This beautiful structure, occupy- ing a most eligible and central position, is an orna- ment to the city, a credit to the church and society by wliose energy, courage and sacrifice it was erecteil, and to tlie denomination which they represent. Mr. (iraves continued to labor with the church with marked ability and faitlifulness until the 1st of Oc- tober, 1870, having served a period of live years and nine months, when, by his resignation, his official connection with the church and society was termi- nated. During tlie pastorate of Dr. Graves 171 members united with the church, — by baptism, 92; by letter, 60 ; on experience, 27 ; and by restoration, 2. Re- movals, 74,— by letter, 41 ; by death, 26 ; dropped from the rolls of the church, 2; and by excommunica- tion, 5. William Hayne Leavell was pastor of the chureli five years, from Slay 4, 1877, to May, 1882, resulting in admissions to the church of 142, — by baptism, 87 ; by letter, 42 ; on experience, 10 ; and by restoration, 3. Removals, 72, — by letter, 45; by death, 24; and dropped from the rolls, 3. Rev. Clarion H. Kimball, our present pastor, united with the church August 2o, 1882. He entered at once upon the duties and responsibilities of the pastoral office. He has gone forward in the work of the ministry with energy and ability, and has been successful in building up the church. The additions received by Mr. Kimball are (18, as follows: By bap- tism, 47; by letter, 20; by restoration, 1. Removals, 38, — by letter, 27; by death, 10; and by excommuni- cation, 1. It would be an interesting chapter in our history could wo state with accuracy the full contributions to the various charitable and benevolent objects of the day. Unfortunately, we have not always kept a record of our receipts and expenditures. It is believed, however, that, in this respect, we are not, in proportion to our means, behind our brethren in other sister churches. Many changes have oicurrcd during the forty-eight years of our existence. Not one of the original meni- l)ers remains. Through sunshine and shadow a kind Providence hius watched over us; still, we have had our share of darkness and trial. Some have fallen by the way; many have passed over the river, and entered the promised land. With weariness and watching, others arc ready and waiting to follow the loved ones who have gone before. All hoi>e for a brighter day ; may the Lord pour out His Spirit upon us, " that we may be as a city set on a hill that cainiot be hid ; that our light may so shine before men that they may see our good works and glorify our Father which is in heaven." SUMM.\Ry. January i, l.s:l7. Original mombera 45 RECEPTIONt). By baptism 67!) By Utter 633 On experience 88 By rcsturatiuii 10 14lr. Tntal niembei-stiip 1461 REMOVALS ny letter 599 By death 165 Drupped from the rolls l.'>3 By excomnivinication 62 909 .Taniiary 4, 1S85, whole number on the rolls of the clnireh 49:i Merrimack Street Baptist Church was organized October 31, 1845. Rev. A. T. Foss was the first I)astor. Meetings were held in Classic Hall and other places until the completion of the brick church, corner Elm and Pleasant Streets, which they occupied February 22, 1849. In 1853 they adopted the name of Elm Street Bajjtist Church. Some misunderstand- ing arose concerning the purchase of the house, and in 1857 they left, and worshiped in Smyth's Hall until the completion of their present church, October 27th of that year. Mr. Foss was dismissed July 11, 1847, and was succeeded, December 26th, by Rev. J. C. Mor- rill, who left July 15, 1849. The next minister was Rev. O. O. Stearns, who remained not quite a year, and was followed, in January, 1851, by Rev. Isaac Woodbury. January, 1853, Rev. John Peacock, form- erly pastor of the old Amoskeag Baptist Church, supplied the pulpit till the middle of April. In July, 1853, Rev. J. M. Coburn became pastor. His resig- nation was accepted October 8, 1855, but seven weeks later he was invited to again become pastor, and accepted the invitation. He remained until Decem- ber 5, 1858, and Rev. King S. Hall was recognized as pastor March 30, 1859. He left September 4, 1862, and Rev. A. W. Chaffin succeeded him June 10, 1863. He remained till February 2, 1868, when his resignation was accepted. Rev. Alden Sherwin was installed November 8, 1868, and dismissed in April, 1879. Rev. N. L. Colby has offirialed since June, 1879. Pine Street Free-Will Baptist Church.— The Free-Will Baptists hold meetings in Manchester as early as the year 1838, and a society was formed in 1839. They l)uilt a house of worship, in 1842, at the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut Streets, which they exchanged in the fall of 1859 for the church, on the corner of Jlerrimack and Pine Streets, previously ocoupied by the Unitarians. A separation took place in the society, and a large portion of the members left, and organized in 186it as Elm Street Free-Will l?aptist Church. A council was called, and the re- maining members were reorganized a.s the Pine Street Free-Will Baptist Church. The first pa.stor was Rev. J. M. Bailey, who was installed December 21, 1859. He closed his labors in November, 1861, and September 10, 1862, Rev. Reu- MANCHESTER. 99 ben V. Jen. less was ordained. He resigned June 1, 180:i, and was succeeded by Rev. Nalium Brooks. | The latter resigned May 12, 18()9, and was succeeded by Rev. N. L. Rowell, 1869-73; H. F. Wood, 1874- ' 76; J.J. Hall, 1876-79; N. L. Rowell, 1879-81; B. j A. tSherwood, 1881; H. G. Corliss, 1883-84. | Merrimack Street Free-Will Baptist Church.— Till- lueniliiTs of tlif First Fict-Will Bajitist Church who left and formed a new church commenced wor- ship in the old brick church on the corner of Klin and Pleasant Streets. After some vicissitudes, they , finally purchased the former house of worship, on the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut Streets, which ] they now occupy. The pulpit was first occupied by Rev. J. B. Davis, who i)reached for a few months only. In March, 1861. Rev. J. A. Knowles was installed as pastor, continuing such till the Ist of March, 1871, from which date until July 2, 1873, when Rev. Samuel McKeown was installed, the church was without a pastor. Mr. McKeown resigned July 1, 1874, and Rev. George M. Park liccame pastor in November of that year. He resigned December 3, 1879. Rev. Lewis Malvern became pastor March 3, 1880, resign- ing his charge in December, 1882. Rev. A. M. Freeman has occupied the pulpit since March 4, 1883. The First Methodist Episcopal Church. — As early as JsiiO .Mcthodi.-^t servicis w«2; Klljah It. Wllkin», I8V1; ItolK^rt S. Stublw, ISM; IliirriBon .\. Hart, I8.Vi ; llenr)' Nutter, IRIli ; Loren H. Cordon, 186T-.'>8; Anioe II. Kiiaaoll, lH.'iU-eO; Joxlah V. Sthichneld, I8CI. There waa no piu»tor in \Htii ; E. It. Wllkini lireiirheil here ft ]>art of the year. Ileleklah .\. Malt(wn, I8r,3-7 ; Janiea Ileitn, I8C8 ; J. Mowry Baun, 18611-71; Thuniaa Tyrir, I87'J, hut IvH the church ; julued the Free-Will ItaptlKtu ; Cliarlea W. Taylor, 187:i-71 ; WatMn W. Smith, 1875- 76; GooriseC. .Voyin, 1877-78; William li. Jonea, 1870-81 ; Joiwph II. Brown, 1882 ; Rev. .lainoa W. Preabry, 1883-85 ; J. W. Bean, 1885. St. Paul's Church.'— The First Methodist Epis- copal Chiirili in Manrliister was organized Scptein- ' D) Iter .1. M. Avann. ber 21, 1829, at the Centre, where it still continues. The Second Church was organized December 16, 1839, and is now known as St. Paul's Church. Its first pastor. Rev. John Jones, was appointed in June, 1840. During that Conference year a chapel was built on the corner of Hanover and Chestnut Streets. It was subsequently removed to the corner of Pine and Merrimack Streets, has recently been enlarged and improved, and is now owned and used by the Christian Church. Mr. Jones was followed by Rev. Silas Green, who took charge in 1841, and remained one year. His successor. Rev. Elihu Scott, found the chapel too small, and a new building was erected in 1842 on Elm Street, costing with the land and fur- nishings, sixteen thousand dollars. From that time until 1862 the church w'as known as the Elm Street Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1856 a third church was organized, called the North Elm Street Methodist Episcopal Church. Rev. E. Adams, wdio had been at Elm Street two years, was its first pastor. About the middle of the year he took the agency of the Conference Seminary at Tilton, N. H., and Rev. C. N. Smith filled out his year. He was followed by Rev. G. W. H. Clark in 1856-57, and he by Rev. Charles Young in 1858-59. Rev. G. S. Dearborn was pastor in 1860 and psirt of IStll. Before the close of 1861 he was transferred to Lislion, and his year was filled out by Rev. Mr. Owens. In the spring of 1862 the two Elm Street societies were united. Bishop Baker named the new organi- zation the St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, and appointed Rev. .Tames M. Buckley, now editor of the Chrislinn Advocate, its first i)astor. Rev. D. C. B;ibcock was appointed in Ajiril, 1868, and continued with the church two years, during which time some three thousand five hundred dollars was expended in reiniirs. Under the labors of Rev. G. W. Norris, in 1878-79, the last dollar of a long-standing and bur- densome church debt was ]iaid. The society known as the Tabernacle Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in the spring of 1875. Its pastors were Rev. J. B. Hamilton, three years; the late Rev. L. E. Gordon, of precious memory, one year; and Rev. O. S. Bakctel, who closed his labors with the society in 1879, when, in view of a new church enter|)rise previously started, and designed to provide a more comiuitdious house of worship, both churches deemed it wise to unite again their strength. For about forty years St. Paul's Chiinli had wor- shiped on Elm Street. As the city grew in size and business houses multiplied, the noise of trade bfcame so great that it oftni disturbed the services. The society also sutlered I'mm the want of a suitable place in which to hold its social meetings, for it owned but one story of the building, the first floor being occu- pied by stores that wore not under the control of the church. 100 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The building was out of repair, and between spend- infi three or four thousand dollars on it and putting up a new church there was some hesitancy. Wlicii Rev. A. E. Drew w.is appointed to the pastorate, in 1880, he at once began to learn the minds of the peo- ple, and found them quite generally in favor of a new church. The title by which the property on Elm Street was held permitted it to be used only for re- ligious services. This was a serious encumbrance upon its sale, and nothing could be done until it was removed. Mr. Drew spent the greater part of a year in securing its removal, and it was only through his determined perseverance that the work of disentan- glement was successfully completed. The old house was sold for twelve tliousand dollars, and the parson- age which the society owned on Laurel Street for four thousand two hundred dollare, and over nineteen thousand dollars was raised by subscription. A building lot on the corner of Union and Amherst Streets was bought for five thousand seven hundred dol- lars; the corner-stone was laid .Tune 3, 1882, and the completed structure was dedicated April 13,1883. The church is built of faced brick, with cut-stone window trimmings, the arches being adorned with bond stones and the buttresses being capped with stone. The audience-room is finished in ash, and with its stained windows and frescoed walls produces a very i)leasing effect. It will seat eight hundred persons. The main vestry will seat six hundred, besides which there are class-rooms, parlors, kitchen and dining-room. The parsonage stands immediately north of the church, and is in the same style of architecture. It contains eleven rooms, is heated by furnace, lighted with gas, and hiis every arrangement for convenience and comfort, and is nicely furnished by the society. It is probably not equaled by any parsonage in the Conference. The entire cost of lot, church and parsonage, as com- pleted and furnished, was not far from thirty-six thousand dollars, and the society believe that abetter church for the money does not stand i?i New Hamp- shire. There is no mortgage upon the |)ro|>erty, and the society is free from debt. The plans of the church edifice were drawn by \Vm. M. Butterfield, a member of the church; the building committee consisted of David H. Young (chairman), Hilas Dickey, Wm. M. Butterfield, Charles Hutchinson and Clirtord M. An- derson. These gentlemen, especially the first on tlie committee, gave a great deal of time and earnest effort to the enterprise. Under their supervision the expenditures were made with unusual care, and great praise is given them for the results, so highly satisfactory to all. But credit is especially due to Rev. Mr. Drew, who obtained and collected most of the subscriptions and bad a general oversight of the whole work, lie toiled early and late, amid mani- fold discouragements. He determined to conquer, and the church stands as a monument to his energy and persistency. He de-serves all the good words that can be said of him in connection with this enteri)ri8e. A grateftil society will ever hold him in remem- brance. The pastorate of Mr. Drew having expired. Bishop Simpson, in April, 1883, transferred Rev. J. M. Avann from the New England Conference (J2astern Massachusetts), and appointed him as the first pastor of the new church. St. Paul's Church has always been a revival church. Scarcely a year has passed without a goodly number of conversions. Up to December, 1884, twelve hun- dred and ten had united with the church on proba- tion, and doubtless five or six hundred other converts have gone from its altars to swell the membership of the other Protestant Churches in the city. The church has never had men of large means among its mem- bers, and it has suffered many disadvantages, so that social considerations have drawn many away from it to other churches in the city ; besides this, the tran- sient character of a large part of the population haa scattered its former members far and wide over the country. The records show that three thousand seven hundred and fifty-one persons have been connected with this church from first to last in lull membership. Now that the church has better facilities for work> there is the prospect of increased usefulness, with the assurance that it will hold and assimilate those who are drawn to it. The firstyear in the new buildinghas been one of unu.sual success. One hundred and twenty-four have been added to the membership, — sixty-three by conversion and sixty-one by letter. The receipts from pew-rents and collections during the year have been four thousand six hundred and twenty-seven dollars^ one thousand and fifty-two dollars of which has been for benevolent objects and the remainder for current ex- penses. The present membership of the church is five hundred and seventy. The following is a list of former pastors, with the years of their service : John Jones, 184" ; Silas Rreen, 1841 ; Elihu Scott, 1842 ; Jsmcs W. Morey, 1843-44 ; (isitian (', Baker, 184n ; .Tolin .lones, 1846-47 ; Saiiniel Kclley, 1S4S ; Loreuitu 1>. Barrows, l»4!l ; Charles N. Smith, 186<) ; Silas. Quidiby, l^ll ; John .Spauliling, 18.'t2 : Klisha .\dani8, IS.'ia-M ; H. H. Ilartwell, 18'j.m'.C ; Kichard S. Rust, 18.".; : HcTirj- Hill, 1858-5!l ; John Currier, 18WI ; .lames .M.Buckley, 181.1-02; Jonathan Hall, I86.i-&1; William H. Thomas, 180,1-06 ; Hiram L. Kelsey, 1807 ; Daniel C. Bab- cock, 1808-09 ; E. .\. Smith, 1870-72 ; James Tike, 187.'i-74 ; C. B. Pit- blado, 187.')-77 ; George W. Xorris, 1878-7!l ; A. E. Drew, 1880-82. The First Unitarian Society.' — The Unitarian Church in ^Manchester did not originate from a change of base on the part of an orthodox Congregational Church, as in so many cases in New England, nor yet in an open and formal seces.sion from any existing ecclesi;istical organization. It appears, rather, to have been an independent movement, promi>ted by a desire, on the jiart of a few persons, to sustain liberal senti- ments in religion, and to worship God in a freer and happier way than seemed possible to them in the orthodox connection. In January, 1841, Rev. S. Osgood, a ministei* thea 1 By Rev. E, B. Payne. MANCHESTER lUl residing in Nashua, began, by invitation, to preach the Unitarian faith in Manchester, i^abbatli stTvices were held for four months, when it was thought best to suspend them until the town hall, then in process of erection, should be completed, aflbrding a more suitable place in which to hold the meetings. In March of the following year, 1S42, the town hall ■was secured and services were re.sunied, with a view to making them permanent. Rev. Charles Briggs, secretary of the American Unitarian Association, in Boston, preached on a Sabbath, and Rev. O. H. Wel- lington was then engaged for the month of April. On Sunday evening, .\pril 24, 1S42, pursuant to a call for & meeting of those interested in sustaining Unitarian preadiing in Jlanchester, the following persons met for consultation at the house of William Shepherd: John 1). Kimball, William Shepherd, E. A. Straw, James May, M. G. J. Tewksbury, James McKeen Wil- kins. H. F. Richardson, R. F. Osgood, Edwin Bodwell, Herman Foster and J. H. Kimball. After thorough (lelil)eratie>n the following resolution was unanimously adopted: " Itftolted, That wo will form (lurselvea into a society for the more ■effectual support of Unitarian preaching in the Town of Manchester, and that wi- will pruceed, aia soon aa may bi;, to organi/A' regularly under the law* '^( thin State." Jlessrs. Daniel Clark and E. A. Straw were appointed a committee to draft ami report a constitution for such a society, and an adjournment was then had until Wednesday evening of the same week. At the adjourned meeting (Wednesday evening, April 27th) the committee, above mentioned, reported a cMjnstitution for the government of a religious soci- ety, to be distinguished as the First Unitarian Society in Manchester, N. H. The i>reaml>le, as iniiicating the spirit and purpose of the organization, is hereby appended: " Preamiii.r. "The object of this AMOclation is to support andetuoy the more effect* ually the institution of our Jioly religion. Our belief Is in the reality of Divine Reveliitiun, and in the Hiblo an the recoiil of that revelation. We xlcsire to know its truths, and, in nil charity and love towards our fellow- men, to maintain them. Such being our purpos«>, we unite ountelvos in this ass4j<-iati(>ii, with the love of God, and of his son, .lesus Christ ; the love of the Ojvine truths as taught hy Christ during his mission ui>on the earth ; and the love of all his eliildren, our felloW'Uien and brethren, •trong in our hearts, hoping to establish and maintain an ultur where the sons of iniiii may worship their t'reittor as their conw-ietices slinll dic- tate, nntratumeted by any of tlies^,- fettering creeds, the offspring of hu- man ingenuity alone. To do this wo pledge our zealous and humble efforts, and in promoting this obji'ct it sluill be our endeavor to merge all local and party feelings and all sectarian prejudices. Praying for Di- vine useistance, and hoping for tlio riches of Ood*s gnicc and mercy, conscious of purity of intention, of muinal alTection, of a love for truth, and holy concern for our fellow-inoii, we unite ourselves, fur the further- ance of our object, into a religious society." The articles of the constitution arc omitted from this sketch, as being only the business basis of the organ- ization and of no public interest. The preamble and constitution were unanimously adopted, and the orig- inal signers were as fullows: E. M. Straw, William Shepherd, J. D. Kimball, Job Chamberlin, Joint H. Kimball. .Tames May, George W. Tilden, George Hall, M. G. J. Tewksbury, Daniel Clark, Francis L. Clark, .\lfred W. Rhoads, Benjamin F. Osgood, B. F. Man- ning, Isaiah Winch, J. B. Upham, A. G. Tucker, J. B. Moore, O. P. Wareuer, H. S. Reed, Charles F. Warren. E. A. Straw was chosen clerk and treasurer, and at a subsequent meeting, May 1, 1842, John D. Kim- ball was elected president, and Messrs. William Shep- herd and B. F. Manning directors. The movement being now well launched upon its career, the members set hopefully to work to realize their objects. Rev. O. H. Wellington became the first pastor. He was ordained July 19, 1842, Rev. C. SteLson, of Medford, preaching the ordination sermon. The attitude of the religious coniniunity to- ward Unitarianism wassbown in the fact that, whereas the pastors of all the churches in the town were invited to be present at the ordination and assist in the ser- vices, they all declined except the pastor of the Uni- versalist Church. In the afternoon of the same day Rev. William Channing, of Nashua, preached before an assembly called to organize a church in connection with the society. In view of the above-mentioned action on the part of local ministers, it is curiously suggestive that the text of Mr. Channiiig's sermon was the words attributed to Jesus in John xvii. 22, 23, — " That they may be one, even as we are one: I in them and thou ill nio, that they may be made perfect in one." The church was duly organized, the following per- sons.beingthe original members: Benjamin F. Osgood, S. Manning, Esther Parker, Melinda Osgood, Mehit- able Eastman, O. H. Wellington, C. A. K. Welling- ton, Susan Jlanning, .John Cadwcll, H. M. A. Foster. The following statement was adopted as the basis of their union : "I. This Society believe that the Bible is an nuthoritativo and suffi- cient rule offaiti) and prnetico, and is the creed, and tlio only creed, that should bo imposed upon eliurchos, and the only platform upon which alt churches can Ih' founded. '* II. As fiod hiLs made no two ntinds alike, diversities of opinion, even among Christians, must be oxpecte.1 to occur,— diversities which no men, or biidy of men, liave a rlglit to suppress by any measures other than an appeal * to the law and the testimony,' by fair argunu'Ut and i>ersuasion, I and not by i^xpulslun from church meudtership or by tlie cry uf heresy, I and tliereforo this society recognizes, iw its second leading principle, the right of private Jndgeinont. " 111. As men may believe in correct doctrines and y's as their rule of faith, however mmdi any such uu*y differ from the I majority of the society in ri'spect of opinions." It will be seen from these declarations that the founders of the church made it their primary end to emphasize and espouse the practical and vital interests of religious life anil work, and were com- paratively inililt'erent to theological and ecclesiastical 1 concerns. 102 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. For nearly a year more tlie jjublic services of the new church antl society were held in the town hall, but during the following year a. lease was secured of a small chapel, built by the Methodists in 1841, and standing on the corner of Hanover and Chestnut Streets. The first services were held there on July 2, 1848. Some time during the suuinicr this building was purchased from the Methodists and removed to a lot, donated by the Amoskeag corporation, on the corner of Merrimack and IMne Streets. Mr. Wellington remained as pastor only two years, when his health necessitated his de[)arture. He was succeeded by Rev. A. Dumont .lones, who was installed July 10, 1844. Mr. Jones remained only until the end of March, 1845. From that time until 1848 the church was without a settled pastor, the pulpit being supplied by different ministers, none of whom re- mained for any great length of time, except Rev. M. J. Motte, who preached regularly for one year during 1846—47. This was a period of great discouragement for the friends of the movement. Their numbers failed to increase, and debts were incurred, and the prospect generally seemed unpromising. Atone time a motion was made to dissolve the society. This, however, did not prevail, but seemed to inspire the faithful with a determination to persevere. Resolu- tion and zeal brought the enterprise through these disheartening days. A fortunate move was made in February, 1848, in extending a unanimous call to Rev. Arthur R. Fuller, a brother of the famous Margaret Fuller. The call was accepted and Jlr. Fuller was installed March 29, 1848. The new pastor proved to be a man of unusual talents, and during the five years of his pastorate the society was greatly increased and strengthened. It was found necessary to enlarge the church, which was done, its seating capacity being increased to the extent of twenty-four pews. Tlie life and work of the church promised large and liberal things, but in 1853, Mr. Fuller, whose abilities had become widely recognized, received a call to the New North Church in Boston, and resigned his pastoral office in 1855. The society was now established and strong, and since that time has held its ground and steadily grown until it is now one of the leading religious organizations of the city and State. The pastoi-s who have served the church since 1853 have been as fol- lows: Rev. Francis Le Barren, from August, 1853, to October, 1855; Rev. W. L. Gage, from June, 1856, to April, 1858; Rev. Sylvan S. Hunting, from Septem- ber, 1858, to November, 1861 ; Rev. A. W. Stevens from September, 18G2, to October, 1865; Rev. Au- gustus M. Haskell, from September 6, 1866, to March, 1869; Rev. C. B. Ferry, from December, 1869, to the summer of 1874 ; Rev. Harvey from November, 1874, to the spring of 1883. The present pastor is Rev. E. B. I'ayne, who was installed in February, 1884. The church worshiped in the building on the cor- ner of Merrimack and Pine Streets until 1859, when an exchange was made for a larger building, for- merly occupied by the Free-Will Baptist Society, and standing on the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut Streets. This building, in turn, they sold in 1871, and erected their present house of worship on the corner of Beech and .Vmherst Streets, dedicating the new church in 1872. It remains to be saio.se of consult- ing on the subject of church organization. A com- mittee wa.s appoi?ite(l to report on the subject, and on ! the 10th of May follnwing, a church was organized. Thus it appears that a second ehureh was organ- ized, though there is no record that the first church was ever disbamled. Thus far we have only a record of churches. Whether during this jieriod there had been a parish organization we know not, but there probably was. The oldest record is in isto. The Ulv H.'V. I.. K. M. Kiiiii.l. oldest record there is of a legal meeting is Decem- ber, 1850, at which time S. W. Parsons was elected president. The society has had in its history ten settled pas- tors, — Rev. Frederic A. Hadsdon, whose pastorate began with the history of the church and closed in 1837. Neither the records nor the history of Man- chester show that there was any other settled pastor until 1840, but older members of the society say that Rev. Hiram Beckwith wiis settled for two years after the resignation of Rev. Mr. Hadsdon. Rev. N. Gunni- son, the next pastor, began his services in May, 1840; he resigned in October of the same year. Rev. George W. Gage was ordained as pastor in June, 1841, and was dismissed at his own request in 1843. In January, 1843, the Rev. B. M. Tillotson was settled as his successor, and continued in charge until October, 1859. He was succeeded by Rev. B. F. Bowles in June, 18G0; ho resigned in ISGfi. The Rev. S. L. Rorifaugh was installed June 26, 1867, and resigned October, 1868. He was succeeded, January 1, 1860, by Rev. Thomas Berden, who resigned in December, 1871. The Rev. G. L. Demarest began his labors as pastor September 1, 1872, and closed his labors Feb- ruary 1, 1875. Rev. L. F. Mclvinney became pastor of the society on the 1st of May, 1875, and continues as pjistor at the present time, or nearly ten years. After the buildingof the church the society prospered beyond expectation, and the house proved too snuill for the congregation; accordingly, in 1850 it was en- larged by an addition of twenty-five feet in width, or one-half its former size; it was rededicated the same year with ai)propriate services. In 1855 a vestibule was added to the front and the organ now in use pur- chased at an expense of three thousand dollars. In 1878, the church being in need of repairs, it was deter- mined to raise funds for that purpose. Eight thou- sand dollars was the estimated cost, which was readily subscribed, and in June of that year the work was commenced, and uniler judicious management was completed at a cost of seven thousand dollars. The church was rededicated "with approjiriate services in October of the same year. Rev. A. .1. Patterson, D.D., preaching the sermon. The one thousand dollars re- maining was a[)|died to the payment of a debt of fifteen hundri'd dollars that had long been owed by the society. The following year the balance of the debt was paid, and from that time till the present the entire expenses of the society have been paid from the pew rentals of the church. The society cele- brated the liftieth anniversary of its organization on the 2d of November, 1883, with appropriate exercises. Twice in the history of the society a new society has been organized from it, but neither were destined to live. Nearly every society in Maneliester nundicrs among its mend)ers those who once worshipeil with the I'niversalists. Almost the entire wealth of one of the large societies was in time past connected with this organization. Somt; of the most intluential men 104 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. in the city and State have been connected with this cliuich, and few churL-hcs have done more to educate and liberalize the general public. The church build- ing i3 now the oldest in the city. The society is free from debt and ])ro.siierous. With a faithful member- ship in the future, as in the past, and the blessing of God, it will still have a work to do that shall redound to the good of the community and the praise of Him who is the source of all truth. Grace Church.' — The first services of the Episcopal Church were held in the school-house, on Lowell Street, on the second Sunday in July, 1840, by the Rev. P. S. Ten Broeck, of Concord, and were followed by others, conducted by the Rev. T. Edson, of Lowell, and otiier clergymen. A hall in Union Building was subsequently fitted for services, af which a meeting for the organization of a church, to be known as St. Michael's, was held November 28, 1841, and on De- cember 17th the Rev. W. H. Moore was elected rector, and entered upon his duties on Christmas eve. A building, i)reviously used by a Baptist Society, on Concord Street, was hired and occupied in June, 1842, and until December 28, 1843, when the congregation removed to a new church, built of wood, on the north- €ii.st corner of Lowell and Pine Streets. On the Sth of June, 1860, the corner-stone of a new church, to be built of stone, was laid on the same lot by Bishop Chase. The name of the church was at this time changed to Grace Church. The church was built after designs by Richard Apjohn, and was con- secrated December 4, 1860. The church has grown with the growth of the city, the present number of comnmnicants being over two hundred. The following is a list of the rectors, with the duration of their rectorships: the Rev. W. H. Moore, from December 24, 1841, to Ai>ril 23, 1848, six years and four months; the Rev. John Kelly, from June 18, 1848, to April 1, 1852, three years and ten months; the Rev. 1. (J. IIul)l)ard, from May 16, 1852, to April 1, 1866, thirteen years and eleven months; the Rev. W. J. llarri.s, from June 3, 1866, to January 1, 1869, two years and seven months; the Rev. L. Sears, from November 1, 18(J9, to the present time, fifteen years and six months. St. Ann's Church (Roman Catholic).— In 1844, when the Catholic piipuhilioii nf the town numbered about six hundred. Rev. William McDonald was ap- pointed as their pastor. They connneneed worship the next year in Granite Hall, and, four years later, commenced the erection of a brick church, on the southeast corner of Merrimack and Union Streets, known iis St. Ann's. After they had begun to hold services in it, it was Ibund to be unsafe, and they were compelled to take it down and rebuild it. The prop- erty, including a parsonage, is now valued at about sixty thousand dollars. The venerable Rev. William McDonald still remains the pastor at St. Ann's, 1 lly Kov. L. Soars. assisted by Rev. John T. Lyons and Rev. John Griifin. St. Joseph's Cathedral. — St. Joseph's Church was built in 1869, on the southeast corner of Lowell and Pine Streets, being dedicated April 18, 1869. Rev. John O'Brien was jiastor until 1877, being succeeded by Rev. Thomas D. Healy, who remained in charge until June, 1880, when Rev. Denis M. Bradley became pastor. Rev. James Doherty and Rev. F. X. Burke have been his assistants. This church, on the occa- sion of the consecration of its pastor, Rev. Denis M. Bradley, as first bishop of Manchester, was raised by the Holy See to the dignity of a cathedral, and is now known a.s St. Joseph's Cathedral. The right reverend bishop is assisted in attending to the spiritual wants of the people by Rev. Thomas Reilley, Rev. Denis Hurley and Rev. John Teniin. The church property, including the new episcopal residence, is valued at about one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. Right Rev. Dexis M. Bradley, Blshop of Man- chester — Bishop Bradley was born in Castle Island, County Kerry, Ireland, February 25, 1846. His father died in 1853, leaving his widow to care for their family of six children. In 1854shecamewith them to America and settled in Jlanchester, N. H., where the boyhood of Bishop Bradley was jiassed. He attended the Catholic schools of Manchester, and fi)r a more lib- eral education entered the College of the Holy Cross, located at Worcester, Mass., where he was graduated in 1867. In September of that year he entered St. Joseph's Provincial Theological Seminary, located at Troy, N. Y., where, .June 3, 1871, he was ordained priest. Shortly after his ordinati(ni he was assigned to the cathedral at Portland, Me., by Right Rev. Bishop Bacon, where he remained nine years, during which time he filled the various positions ot rector of the cathedral, chancellor of the diocese and bishop's councilor under Bishop Bacon, and also under his successor, Bishoj) Healy. Close applica- tion and long-continued attention to his various duties at Portland impaired his health, and in 1879, with the view of regaining it, he went to Europe, where he remained six months, and returning but slightly improved by the change and rest, re-entered upon his duties at the cathedral, which had become even more exacting than when he left. After a short time, finding that he was unable to discharge the very laborious duties of his position, he was, on this ac- count, chosen by Right Rev. Bishop Healy, in June, 1880, pastor of St. Joseph's Church in Manchester, N. H., which position he held until consecrated to the high jjosition of bishop. It having been found that the diocese of Portland, embracing, as it did, the States of Maine and New Hampshire, was too large to be properly cared for by one bisho]), the arch- bishop and bishops of the province of Boston united in a |)etition to the Holy See to create New Hamp- shire a new diocese, with Manchester as the Episcopal See. The Holy Father, in accordance with the prayer -^J^^ J^ '^-^ ! MANCHESTER. 105 of the. petitiou, created the See of Manchester, and appointed Rev. Father Bradley its first bishop. He wa.s consecrated in his cathedral cliurch, in Man- chester, .June 11, 1884, by the Mo.st Rev. Archbishop of l!<.>ston, at the age of thirty-eight years, four montlis and six days, thus being the youngest person in the history of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States to hold so exalted a position. There were present at the consecration ceremonies the arch- bishop, six bishops and one hundred and eighty- five priests. Bishop Bradley luts under his juri-sdic- tion about eighty thousand Catholics, under the spiritual care of forty-five priests. There are in the new diocese forty churches, fifteen parochial schools, two academies for young ladies, two orphan asylums, one hospital and one home for aged women. Bishop Bradley is a gentleman of culture and has the confidence and respect of a large number of the citizens of the State, irrespective of denominational boundaries. St. Augustine's Catholic Church (French). — To Rfv. ,1. A. Chevalier's elliirts is iliu- the organization of the parish of St. Augustine. When he came here, in May, 1871, the French were worshiping at St. Joseph's and St. Ann's. He immediately took steps to organize a congregation of the French Canadians of the city, and soon held services in Smyth's Hall, which were well attended. Subsequently his followers Wiirshiped eleven months in a hall at the corner of Elm and Pleasant Streets, and then for two years in the church at the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut Streets. Meanwhile money for a church edifice had been raised, and one wjis in the process of erection at the corner of Beech and Sjinice Streets, its deilication ov urring November 27, 1874, which, with the parsoii- ag •, is valueil at sixty-five thousand dollars. Rev. Mr. Chevalier still remains the pastor, and is assisted by Rev. ('. Lfafcrtum''. St. Marie Catholic Church i French). — So large has been the increase of Manchester's French population that St. Augustine Church soon became inadei)Uate to accommodate the worshipers, and in l>i80-81 another church, St. Marie, was erected in VV est Manchester, on Beauport Street, nearly opposite the McGregor bri'lgc. Its dedication occurred in the spring of the latter year. The first pastor was Rev. .loseph I). Halile. He remaine city. A society was organized October I9th of that year, and the men and women interested in what is technically known as the Christian belief held meet- ings in Whitney's Hall for a year. January 15, 1871, the Fir~t ('hristiaii ('Iiim<1i was organized. The first settled pastor was Rev. O. J. Hancock, assuming charge of the church August 6, 1871. The next month the place of worship was changed to the city hall. Jlr. Hancock left the church August 28, 1872, and shortly after was appointed superintendent of the Young Men's Christian Association. January 5, 1873, Elisha H. Wright became pastor, remaining until Sep- tember 9, 1876. The other pastors have been E. C. Abbott, from September lo, 187t), to February 10, 1879 ; D. B. Murray, from April 1, 1879, to April 1, 1880. The present pastor, Rev. Gideon T. Ridlon, has had charge of the church since December 18, 1881. The society owns no real estate, but leases Mirror Hall as a place of worship, which it has occupied since 187G. The church membership is one hundred and forty- one. St. James' Methodist Episcopal Mission Church. — This church was organized Juue 2, 1881, under the name of the People's Methodist Episco|)al Mission Church, with twenty-three nanies upon the member- ship list. Services were held in the city hall for eighteen months, the church then removing to the chapel that had been erected on Pennacook Street, near I'ine, and has since worshiped there, but for the hist few months under a new name, — the St. James' Methodist Episcopal Mission Church. The society greatly pro.spered under the ministration of Rev. W'illiam A. Loyne, who acted as pastor from its in- ception until April, 188.'), when he was succeeded by Kev. Otis .S. Danlurth. Second Advent Society. — Believers in the second advent doctrine held servicesinJIanchesteras early as 1843, and have continued them most of the timesince, worsliiiiing in (iraiiite Hall, Merrimack Hall, in halls in Museum Building, Merchants' Exchange and Mar- tin's Block. In 1881 a church Wiis creeled between I'carl and Arlington Streets, near the Ash Street School-house. Not till 1870 did the Adventists have any organizatiim, but on the 1st of August in that year they formed a society on the biLsis of a belief in the spceily coming of Christ, and the adoption of the New Testament as a rule of life, making Christian character the only test of mend)ership. The present chapel was dedicated January 2, 1881. Tlie property owned by the Adventists, which includes a parsonage, is valued at five thousand dollars. Elder Charles R. Crossett, who had been pastor of the society since its reorganization, in May, 18H0, having resigned, a call was exti-nded to Elder B. .McLellen, of Lowell, which was accepted in October, 1883.- The Second .Vdvent Christian Association controls the property. City Missionary Society.— In the spring of 1847, .1. E. Seymour was iiii|iloyed as a city missioimry .by individuals interested in the cause of religion, who paiil bis salary and hired a hall, where he opened a Sunday-school and conducted religious services. In this way the idea of a free church was suggested, and the building on the northwest corner of Merrimack and Beech Streets was built in 18.')0,and dedicated on 106 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the 23d of October of that year. The land on which it stands was given by the Amoskeag Company, and tlie nioni'v which built it was the contributions of in- dividuals in the city, and of the ConfjiCjiatioual and I'rcsbytiTiuu Churches in the State. The property is held in trust, on condition that the seats in the church shall be free, and that public worship shall be main- tained by the Manchester City Missionary Society, which was leaally organized A|)ril 24, ISaO. Shortly after the church was liuilt it seemed desirable that a church should be regularly organized to worship there, and December 30, isr)2, it was formally organized un- der the name of the Christian Mission Church, which has been extinct ior many years. West Manchester Union Congregational Church was organized September 10, ISS.'i, with lifty members. Ira Barr, George Murdough and Adam Dickey were elected deacons, and Ira Barr clerk. On Thursday evening, September 13th, Charles F. Carter, of Chico- pee, Mass., a graduate of Andover Theological Semi- nary, was ordained and installed as pastor of the church. The building in which the society worships, located on Main Street, was constructed in 1820 by the resi- dents of Piseataquog who were of the Presbyterian faith ; but the occupants of the ten dwellings then constituting the village were not able to support a l)astor, and services were not held regularly, and in 1842 the proprietors disposed of it. The |iurchasers fitted the upper portion for educational purposes, and an academy was opened that year. The Wesleyan Methodists held services in the lower part in 1855. For ten years, from 185(5, the Presbyterians occupied it, having organized a church in 185!). In 1870 the church l)uilding was given to Mrs. Mary P. Harris, through whose liberality it was repaired. She placed it in the hands of the Young Men's Christian Associ- ation, which leases it to the Union Congregational Society. Spiritualist Society. — Tliis society was organized DcriiuKcr. ISSO. German Church of the New Jerusalem. — This church was regularly orgaiiizei September 4, 1881, by Rev. A. O. lirickman. Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church.— This church was organized in .lunc, 1S82. Services are held al tlie Mission Chajiel. First Presbyterian Church (German). — Thechurch organization was effected July 2(>, 1882, by the Pres- bytery of Boston. The pastor, Rev. Fred. Erhardt, was installed October !(>, 1882. French Protestant Church. — The organization of this church was cllceted March 24, 1881, when the first pastor. Rev. Gideon .\ubin, wiis installed. CHAPTER \11. MANCHESTER— [Continued). Odd-Fellowship— Othur liOiiges and Societies — The IJlotljiet Ciinal — Driving Park — Court-House — Cemeteries — Water-Works — Fire I>e- partnieut — Tlie Amoskeiig \'eterana — Military Record, ISCl-Co — List of Officers and Privates — Soldiers' Mouument. Odd-Fellowship' as understood and practiced in j this country, though, in a measure, the outcome of an 1 English order, is emphatically an American institu- [ tion, and will ever be so regarded in history. It claims no great anti(iuity. Its origin is not clouded I in the misty legends of ages long since written on the scroll of time. No raysterios surrounded its birth ; no Eleusinian rites attended its baptism; no Druidic ceremonies were performed as it entered upon its ca- reer of usefulness through the instrumentality of men then only known in the humblest walks of life, seek- ing to lighten the burdens of a common humanity and to promote the interests of those banded together for a common purpose. The leader in this fraternal and benevolent enter])rise, that has now culminated in one of the grandest charities of this or any other age, was Thomas Wildey, an Englishman by birlh, an American by adoption. A mechanic by trade, of generous impulses, po.ssessing a sympathetic heart and an open hand, soon after his arrival in Baltimore, and while struggling for a livelihood among those , 1853, in a terrible rail- road accident at Norwalk, Conn., while returning from a l>usiness engagement in the South. Popular from its org.inization, Hillsborough Lodge, like the county from which it derived its name, has ever occupied a pnmd positicm among the social and fraternal .societies of the State. In all, there have been received to membership during the forty-two years of its existence nearly one thousand brothers, embracing representative men from all the honorable walks of life. Deaths, withdrawals and other causes have reduced the nund)er. so that now the list shows less than four hundred in good standing, — the fourth lodge in membership in the jurisdiction. Its total re- ceipts aggregate sixty thousand dollars, while the dis- bursements in charity and relief alone have reached twenty thousand dollars. Its present assets, exclu- sive of furniture, fixtures and other property, are 811,046.45. Since its organization it has never omitted its regular weekly session for the transaction of business, and the continuous meetings, without in- terruption, in round numbers, are two thousand two hundred, — a record, perhaps, which no social, religious or benevolent society in the State can claim. The num- ber of Past Grands falls a little below one hundred. For thirty-two years in succession the lodge has cele- brated its anniversary with approjiriate services in the presence of brothers and their families and invited guests. This lodge is as permanently established as any church in the city, and enjoys a high reputation for works of charity and love. Odd-Fellowslii|) in .Manchester grew up with the town and city. On the 21st day of November, 1845, on the petition of Horace (lordon and six other brothers holding withdrawal cards from Hill-sborongh lodge, our late brother, Samuel H. Parker, then Grand Master, in accordance with the laws of the order, issued a dispensation for Mechanics' Lodge, No. 13, and after the institution installed the oflicers. It was an event of unusual inlerest. The new lodge started with the approbation, prayei-s and best wishes of the mother-lodge. Its growth was phenom- enal. Under the wise administration of its charter members and others attracted to its membershiji, it soon became a social ami fraternal power, ami as- sumed high rank among its sister organizations. Three of its members, viz., .lolin I '. Lyford, (Jcorge W. Weeks and Charles H. Brown, were elected Granil Masters of the Stale, and subsequently occupied the distinguished positiiin of representatives in theSover- eigTi Grand Lodge at Maltimorc. Many of its brothers have filh'd important places in the city government, and exerted a large influence in the social and civil affairs of the State. To-day, numerically. Mechanics' Lodge is the largest in the Stati', and financially it is 108 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. ■on a. solid basis, having a surplus above its present needs of twenty thousand dollars or more. Its mem- bership per last report was lour hundred and twenty- four. Its prospects for the future are of the most i'heering character. From the returns in the office of the Grand Secre- tary, it appears that in 1852 there were thirty-nine subordinate lodges in the jurisdiction, with a total nu'nibership of twii thousand five hundred and seventy. Through various adverse circumstances during a jieriod of eight years, Odd- Fellowship in New Hamp- shire experienced a retrograde movement. In 1860 there were only twenty-three lodges, sixteen having become dormant or extinct, reporting only sixteen hundred and forty-one members. The outlook was discouraging, and many brothers dropped out of the order, with the general impression that it would soon collapse, aud its mission prove a disa.strous failure. In this hour of darkness to the fraternity, a few noble brothers, with unflinching faith in their hearts, and willing to make personal sacrifices in behalf of "Friendship, Love and Truth," re- doubled their diligence, in the full assurance that their labors would not be in vain. Brother George W. Weeks was Grand Master; and, conscious of the responsibility placed upon him by the Grand Lodge, with the encouragement and assistance of a few whose faith in the institution and its grand princi- ples never faltered, even in the darkest hour, he gave his best efforts in l)chalf of the trust committed to his charge. The outflow from the order was stopped. The doubting were confirmed ; the feeble made strong. The clouds lifted, and again the sun shone on the enterprise so dear to faithful hearts. The year closed with the loss of a single lodge, but with an increase of seventeen members in the rjtate. The year 1860 was the pivot on which the order turned. It was under Brother Weeks' administration ; and from that day forward, now a period of twenty-five years, there has been an annual increase in our num- bers, until to-day we report seventy lodges in good condition, with an honored membership of more than nine thousand in the (iranite State alone. Fidelity to our principles aud faithfulness to our brothers during the war with the South commanded universal respect, and brought hundreds knocking to the doors of the lodges, who would scarcely have known of the order but for the protection, assistance and comfort it brought to the soldier on the tented field, in the camp, the hospital and the prison-pen. In 1866 several young men, members of Hillsbor- ough and Mechanics' Lodges, petitioned Grand Mas- ter Doe for a new lodge to be located at Manchester. The movement was ai)provcd by the old lodges and some of the influential brothers. On the 8th day of August, Wildey Lodge, No. 4"), was instituted, with imposing ceremonies. Henry A. Farrington, since ■Grand Master and Grand Representative, for his zeal And aitivitv in the movement, wa.-* elected the first Noble Grand; and he performed the arduous duties with much credit. Like its predecessors, Wildey Lodge has made for itself a history of which the order may well be proud. Probably no lodge in the State has upon its rolls so many professional men, iiuluding lawyers, doctors, ministers and teachers, as Wildey Lodge. In point of ability, character and efficiency, it is the peer of any in the State, and will ever do its part to bear aloft the banner on whose folds are inscribed the beautiful emblems of our order. Its present membership is nearly three hun- dred. Bearing the honored name of the father of American Odd-Fellowship, may the members ever emulate the zeal and persistency of the founder of the order, who gave his long and useful life to the dissemination of our j)rinciples. So shall Wildey Lodge be a pillar of cloud by day, and a i)illar of fire by night, to lead many weary feet into the paths of virtue, plenty and peace. Beside the three subordinate lodges here mentioned, there are other branches of the order in Manchester of which we would speak. Wonolanset Encampment, No. 2, has a membership of two hundred and twenty- five; and Mount Washington, two hundred and eight. Ridgely Camp, No. 2, of Uniformed Patriarchs, num- bers about one hundred, composed mo.stly of young men who have a taste for military movements and military display. The rich uniforms and the fine martial bearing of the Patriarchs constitute a feature of nuicb attraction when the members are on parade. During the summer they usually make an excursion or two out of the State for recreation and amuse- ment. Social Rebekah Degree Lodge, No. 10, is said to be the largest and best organization of the kind in the world. It numbers nearly five hundred members, about equally divided between the sexes. It has been organized more than ten years. With the ex- ception of Noble Grand, the officers are mostly ladies. Between the several bodies here named the most friendly relations have ever existed, and they work in the utmost harmony to promote the best interests of the fraternity. They jointly occui)y apartments in Odd-Fellows' Block, a building owned by the order, and worth fifty thousand dollars. Residing in the city are seven Past Grand Representatives to the Sovereign Lodge. The order in the city is a great power for good, and is so regarded by the people. In Hillsborough County there are twelve lodges, eijual to one-sixth of the seventy in the State. They are located as follows, viz.: Granite, No. 1, and Pen- nichuck. No. 44, Nashua; Hillsborough, No. 2, Me- chanics', No. 13, and Wildey, No. 4o, Manchester; Peterborough, No. 15, Peterborough ; Wel)ster, No. 24, Gotfstown; Mount William, No. 37, North Weare; Valley, No. 43, Hillsborough Bridge; Aurora, No. 49, Hollis; Waverly, No. 59, Antrim; Gustos Morum, No. 42, Milford. These twelve lodges embrace a member- ship of two thousand two hundred, or very nearly i MANCHESTER. 109 onc-i|uarter part of all the Otld-Fcllows in the .*^tatf. From this Dic;igre sketch somcthiug may be learned of the hold the order has on the people of the county, j and the miglity, salutary influence it may exert on | all the institutions within her borders. With seventy thousand dollars of surplus means, every dollar of which is sacredly plcdfred to the relief of its mem- bers, with the intellectual and moral force represented by the brotherhood, together with the friendship and love begotten of the order, there is reason to believe the institution is permanently located in our midst, and will i>ro8per for an indefinite period. ' Other Societies. — Among other societiea, etc., are the following: Knights of Honor. — Alpha Lodge, No. 245, instituted March 11, 1876; Temple Lodge, No. 2065, instituted February 27, 1880; (rolden Rule Lodge, No. 2445, in- stituted April 2il, 1881 ; Alpine Lodge, No. 2886, or- ganized December 28, 1882. Knights and Ladies of Honor. — Harmony Lodge, No. 423, instituted April 13, 1881; Unity Lodge, No. 642, instituted March 30, 1883. Knighinof Pg/hiuK. — Granite Lodge, No. 3, instituted April 8, 1870; Merrimack Lodge, No. 4, instituted May 6, 1870; Endowment Rank, Section 26, instituted December 18, 1877 ; Knights of Pythias Mutual Aid Association, instituted May 23, 1872; Knights of Py- thias Uniformed Battalion, instituted May, 1882. United Order Golden Cross. — Grand Commandery, instituted .May 1, 1870 ; Manchester Comnuindery, No. 89, instituted December 8, 1879 ; Mizpah Com- mandery, No. 181, instituted February 1, 1882. AyidenI Order of United Worhne/t. — Pioneer Lodge, No. 1, instituted August 9, 1878; Security Lodge, No. 8, instituted April 20, 1883. Ruyal Arcanum. — Delta Council, a mutual benefit association, instituted Jlay 8, 1878. Ancient Order of Foresters. — Court Granite State, No. 6790, instituted April 4, 1881. United Order of rUgrim Fathers. — Webster Colony, instituted July 5, 1881. Improved Order of Bed Men of New Hampshire. — Pasiiaconnaway Tribe, No. 5. instituted April, 1881. Provident Mutual Relief Association. — Sub-Associa- tion No. 38, instituted May 1, 1879. Order of the Iron 7/'///.— Instituted July 20, 1883. American lycgion of Honor. — Rock Rimmon Council, No. 40, instituted October 14, 1879. Patrons of Husbandry. — New ilanipshire State Orange; .\moskeag (irange. No. 3, instituted August 26, 1873. Grand Army of the Republic. — Lncampment Louis Bell Post, No. 3, organized 1868 ; Mutual Aid Associ- ation, instituted March 3, 1876. Manihcster War Veterans. — Organized in 1866. Sons of Vetrrans. — Camp W. W. Brown, No. 1, or- ganized October, 1882. Sons of St. George.— llcurt of Oak Lodge, No. 91. Oerman •Societies. — Turnverein, organized 1870; Order of the Harugari, Barbarossa Lt>dge,No. 329, in- stituted February 4, 1874. £oat Clubs. — Cygnet, instituted June 21, 1882; Emerald, organized .\ugust 19, 1881; Emmet; Leo; Longwood; Northern Star, organized .Vugust 23, 1879; Shamrock; Star; Trident. Military. — First Regiment New Hampshire Volun- teer Jlilitia; Head Guards, organized July 24, 1865 ; Manchester City Guards, organized March 17,1873; Sheridan Guards, organized August 1866; First New Ham|)shire Battery, Platoon A, organized August 31, 1868 ; Amoskeag Veterans, organized in 1854 ; Man- chester Cadets, organized in 1873 ; Amoskeag Zouaves, organized June 13, 1883. Independent Order of Good Templars. — Grand Lodge of New Hampshire, organized October 11, 1865; Union Degree Temple, No. 20, instituted February 21, 1876; Stark Lodge, No. 4, instituted May 31, 1865; Merrimack Lodge, No. 4, instituted December 6, 1866; Harris Lodge, No. 45, instituted May 22, 1878. Royal Templars of Temperance. — Granite State Council, No. 1, instituted November 28, 1878. Hanover Street Temperance Society. Sons rf Temperance. — Instituted March 12, 1S83. Catholic Temperance Societies. — St. Paul's Total Ab- stinence JIutual Benefit Society ; St. John's Total Abstinence and Mutual Benefit Society, instituted February 18, 1875. Woman's Christian Temperance Union. — Instituted November, 1874. Reform Club — Instituted May, 1874. The Old Ladies' Home, located on Hanover, corner of Pine Street. A benevolent enterprise, which owes its existence to the thoughtfulness of Rev. William McDonald, is this institution which adjoins the Or- phans' Asylum. It was established in 1880, anditsob- ject is to provide a home for aged and indigent women. The Home is in charge of several Sisters of .Mercy. le the SetKtle rf: House of Representatives of the State of yeir Hampshire^ the Petition of Satituel Blodget most respeet^fitlli/ shewcth — "That a spirit of enterprise and exertiun has cif lute been wunderfully .Tnd successfully displayed by the citizens of a neiglihouriiig State in the erection of briilges and formins of canals, even in places which, not many years since, were esteemed impracticable — that a canal round Patucket falls is nearly conipleatod — that another leading from sjiid falls to Boston, by a mul not exceeding twenty miles, will bo commenced next spring — that a third carried n>und the falls at Amoskeaj; would, in coiyunction with these, open a direct water communication with Boston k Newburyport to the inhabitants of an extensive country on the banks of the Merrimac above said falls, the wood and timber of whose forests are now of inconsiderable value, occasioned principally by the loss of imtnensc quantities of lumber of the most valuable kind in passing over tile falls ; a melancholy proof of which they at all times exhibit— that your petitioner is fully convinced that the whole of this loss may bo pre" vented by a canal — that under this conviction be has purcbiuied the only piece of ground over which one is practicabb — A has actually entered ii{)on the enterprise, with an intention to risque his fortune in accom- plishing a work of so much public utility. — Your petitioner, therefore, relying on the public spirit of the honoralilo Court, requests that your hoiu^rs will take the premises into consideration, and gratit him a Char, ter, by which he nuiy bo secured in the peaceable enjoyment of the valu- able property, which he is about to invent in the proposed canal — A assign him a reasonable toll to compensate him for his services ; A giro him leave to bring in a bill accordingly. **.\nd as in duty bound shall evei' pray "Sam" Bi.onoKT." Post-Offices. — The fiist post-office in this town was established at the "Center" in 1831, with Samuel .Jackson postmaster, a{)poiiited by President Andrew Jackson. Mr. .Jackson held the office until it was dis- continued in 1840. The first post-office in what is now the city proper, then known as " Amoskeag New Village," was estab- MANCUESTEll. Ill lislicd in February, 18-HI, with Jesse Duiicklee as post- MKtstcr. Tlie following is a list of the postmasters Jiom that time to tlie present : Jesse Duncklee, from IV'bruary, 1840, to March, 18-10 (deceased) ; Paul Cra- 'zin, 1840—15; Warren L. Lane, 1845— 19 ; James Her- M.y, 1849-53 ; Colonel Thomas P. Pierce, 1853-«1 ; havid J. Clark, 18iil-t)5 (deceased) ; Colonel Bradford I'.. Cilley, 18(J.5-70; Joseph L. Stevens, 1870, present incumbent. The Amoskeag post-office was established in 1828, with Samuel Kimball as postmaster. The post-office at Gotlc's Falls was established in 1872, with Isaac \V. Darrah, postmaster. The Piscataquog post-office was established in 1810, with James Parker postmaster. He was followed by Jonas B. Bowman, James McKeen Wilkins, Colonel John S. Kidder and Leonard Kuiidlett. The office was discontinued al)out 1840. The Water-Works.' — So rapid was the early growth of Manchester that a pressing need for a public water supply came earh' in her municipal e.x- istence, and earlier than public opinion was prepared to indorse the undertaking of an enterprise of su<-h magnitude. Some bitter experience must needs first ■come as an educator, and it did come from time to time, as in several tires among the mills, the burning •of the town-house, the destruction of the public library and museum, of several newspaper offices, of the State lleform School building, of important com- mercial buildings, and finally of an extended conHa- gratioii, destroying a whole sijuare in the heart of the city in 1870. The construction of a public water supply is, with rare exceptions, the most important matter which any municipal organization is forced to consider, inaugu- rate and push on to completion, or, on the other hand, to hinder and defer, while the necessity and devastation continue. .Vfter the burning of the town-house, in 1844, a committee of citizens was chosen to consider the question of a water supply, but the citizens were not yet ready for united action. An aqueduct company was chartered by the Legislature in 1845, and the city, although invited, declined to take stock to aid the private enterprise. Other charters were obtained from the Legislature in 1852, 1857 and 1865, but the city still declined to foster the enterprise or to agree to pay for public fire hydrants, but constructed some fire-cisterns in the streets. In the mean time there was a thirty thou- sand dollar fire in the Stiirk Mills, a sixty-five thou- sand dollar lire in the Print-Works, and the library was destroyed. In 1860, Hon. .Tames A. Weston, Jacob F. James and Ilev. William Richardson made an extended re- connoisanee, covering all the sources available to the city, and prescnteil the information gathered to the City ('ouncil.s. Mr. J. B. Sawyer prepared a report in > Bj J. T. Funning, O. E. 1869. Early in 1881 the City Councils ajjpoiuted a committee to consider anew the question of a public water supply. This committee employed Wil- liam J. Mc.Vlpine, an eminent engineer, to advise them, and embodied his report with their own for presentation to the City Councils. The report of this last committee, following as it did soon after a disa.strous conflagration, led to a peti- tion to the Legislature for the passage of a water act. An "Act to enable the City of Manchester to establish Water- Works " wiis passed on the 30th of June, 1871, and " An Ordinance in relation to Water- Works " was i>asscd by the City Councils on the 1st day of August in the same year. This ordinance vested the management of the water- works in the mayor ex-officio and six other persons, to be elected by the Board of Mayor and Aldermen, and styled the Hoard of Water Commissioners. Immediately after the i)assage of the ordinance, .Messrs. E. A. Shaw, E. W. Harrington, William P. Newell, Aretas Blood, Alpheus Jay and A. C. Wallace were elected water commissioners, and Hon. James .v. Weston, being mayor, became a member of the board ex-nfficio. On the following 7th of August this board per- fected its organization by the election of Hon. E. A. Straw as president of the board and Hon. S. N. Bell as clerk. The ordinance provided that one of these original commissioners should go out of ofiice each year, and that one member should be annually elected in the month of September, for a si.x-year term, by the Board of Mayor and Aldermen. There had been up to this time, and still continued to be, much diversity of opinion as to which was the best source of supply, and confiieting opinions as to the system of sui>ply and the design of various details of the proposed work. The earnestness with which these matters were publicly discussed and difl'erenl sources and plans advocated led to the pa.ssage of a resolution by the City Councils instructing the commissioners to examine different systems of water-works in different cities, in order that the best, mo.st economical and advantageous mode of sup|)lying the cily with water might be adopted. A majority of the board, complying with the instructions of the Councils, visited several cities in New England, and also M(mtreal, and carefully noted the peculiarities and ellectiveness of different systems of water supply. While at Norwich, Conn., they met Colonel J. T. Fanning, engineer of the water-works then recently completed in Norwich, anri engineer also of water-works in several other cities, and invited him to make for them an examination of the sources of water supply available t<> the city of Manchester, and to report upon the sources and method of supply which he shoulil deem most advisable for the com- missiiiners to adopt. In the mean tijiie the commissioners obtained per- 112 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. mission to use tempi)rarily a supply of water from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company's reservoir for fire purjjoses, and pii)es of ciglit inches diameter were laid from the company's main, on Brook Street, along Chestnut, Pearl, and Pine Streets, to Merrimack Street. This line of pipe was commenced in the autumn of 1871, and completed in the following spring, and immediately filled with water for a fire protection. It included about one and three-eighths miles of pipe and seventeen fire hydrants, and cost $10,141.15. On completion of the preliminary surveys and re- port, in the autumn of 1871, Colonel Fanning was appointed chief engineer to the Board of Water Com- missioners. The additional surveys, plans and esti- mates necessary for a detailed comparison of all the sources were completed in the spring of 1872, and the results embodied in a report to the commissioners under date of March 1st, and the report contained a general map showing all the sources considered. The nearest and most ample volumeof water being the Merrimack River, early consideration was given to this source. The Merrimack waters could be pumped to a reservoir that might be conveuieiitly lo- cated on the hill east of the State Reform School building, but experiments with the water showed that it must necessarily be filtered when the river was above the ordinary spring level, and that proper fil- tration would require a heavy annual expense for operation, and a ccmsiderable expenditure for con- struction of filter-beds of sufficient capacity. The Piscataquog River was examined and carefully studied also. It having been urged by a few of the citizens that some of the small ponds northeasterly of the city would furnish sujjplies of water. Dorr, Chase, Burn- ham and Stevens' Ponds were thoroughly investigated, and found, by proper computations, to yield entirely inadequate supplies for the immediate needs, irrespec- tive of the future needs of a growing city. At Ma- ple Falls, in the southea-stern part of the town of Candia (distant about eight miles from the city hall) were found natural features admitting the construc- tion of a fine storage reservoir of nearly four hundred acres area, and of considerable mean depth, and hav- ing a water-shed of about ten sciuare miles. This storage reservoir would have been at an elevation of two hundred and twenty-three feet above Elm Street at the city hall, and is the only gravitation source near the city that was found to be worthy of adoption. Southeasterly of the city lies Lake Massabcsic, having an area of nearly two thousand four hundred acres and water-shed of about forty-five square miles. The out- let of the lake is about four miles from the city hall. Analyses of the Massabcsic water showed it to be of most excellent (juality for domestic and industrial uses. The vegetable organic matter in the water was found to be l.CG grains, and mineral matter l.Ki grains, or a total of 2.82 grains per gallon, equivalent to 4.7 parts in 100,000 parts. The stream flowing from this lake is known as Cohas Brook, and enters the Merri- mack River at Gofte's Falls. On Cohas Brook, about one-quarter of amile below the outlet of the brook, near the old McMurphy mill- site, a dam was located and raised to the level of the water in the lake. This, with the canal below the lake, gave a fall of forty-five feet available for power where the pumping-station was located, near the ter- mination of the canal. In the pumping-station were located two pairs of pumps, of the vertical bucket- plunger class, of combined capacity to pump a maxi- mum of five million gallons of water in twenty-four hours. Two Geyelin-Jouval turbines were placed Id the building to drive the pumps, having a combined capacity of two hundred horse-power. A pumping- station was constructed of bricks, with slate roof, to contain this machinery, and attached to the station is a commodious tenement for the attendant in charge of the pumping-station. A reservoir of about thirteen million gallons ca- pacity was constructed near the church at Manches- ter Centre. The water of the lake is lifted by the pumps one hundred and thirteen feet from the lake to the reservoir, and as the reservoir is elevated one hundred and fifty-two feet above Elm Street at the city hall, the water flows from thence throughout the city by gravity. This reservoir was filled on its com- pletion, near the close of September, 1874, but the pumps had Itcen started early in the previous July, pumi)ing the water through the distribution pijies, with the surplus flowing into the Amoskeag Com- pany's reservoir. The force main from pumps to res- ervoir, eight thousand one hundred and seventy-one feet in length, and supply main, eight thousand tour hundred and ten feet in length, from reservoir to Elm Street, are twenty inches in diameter. The entire i>ipe system contained, at the completion of the original works, at the close of 1874, one hundred and tweuty- two thousand and seventy-one feet of pipes, one hun- dred and seventy-two stop valves and two hundred and fifteen public fire hydrants, and seventeen thou- sand six hundred and two feet of small service pipes, laid by the commissioners from the street mains to the property lines for the supply of water consumers. The cost of constructing the works, including cost of lands, water-rights and preliminary surveys, was $614,009.83. The cost of service pipes, meters and oi)crating expenses during construction of the works wiis 820,028.75. On the 24th of October, 1874, a public test was made of the water-works by the city Fire Department. During the test sixteen hydrants were brought into simultaneous use, twelve of which were supplying leading hose-streams and four su])ply- ing steam fire-engines, and thus twenty powerful streams were arching over Elm Street and its loftiest buildings at the same time, presenting in the sunshiny October afternoon a most brilliant and beautiful scene, and strengthening the confidence of the citizens in the capacity and efliciency of their public watersiip|ily. I MAXtllESTER. 113 On com|iU-ti(m of the original works, Mr. Charles R. Walkor became their supiTintenilent, and has retained the office ten years. At the close of 1884 the amount of pipes laid had increased to 229,916 feet, about 43.5 miles, the .stop-valves to 310 and public fire hydrants to 371 in number, and the service pipes, to a total of 65,7t)t) feet, supply 247(i consumers of water. In the mean time the total cost of construction, in- cluding the extensions of the pipe system, had reached 1824,989, and the annual income of the water-works for water sold had reache, 1845, a man called at the bowling saloon, on Manchester Street, belonging to Mr. Parker, stating that a Mrs. Bean, from Lowell, 8 desired to see the proprietor on important business at Jauesville. Mr. Parker passed out of his saloon to accompany the gentleman, first securing a lantern, as the night was so exceptionally black, that " as dark as the night of the Parker murder" has since become a household phrase. On the way to their destination the two men crossed Pine to Merrimack Street, and soon took a i)atli that led through a heavy growth of pine, and from this forest, in the vicinity of what is now the corner of Beech and Manchester Streets, the cry of "murder!" was .soon heard; but none dreamed that it heralded the monstrous crime. "Oh, don't, don't I" was supposed to be the outcry of .some one being placed under police surveillance. The morning light disclosed the terrible ghastliness of a murdered man upon a bed of snow. Mr. Parker lay with trachea doubly severed and deep gashes about the hips, and wounds on other parts of the body were discovered by Coroner .Joseph M. Rowell. The appearance of the ground indicated a mighty struggle for life against a fiend armed with razor and butcher- knife, incited by the knowledge that thousands of dollars were upon the person of the victim. About sixteen hundred dollars escaped the rapacity of the murderer. Mr. Parker held the office of tax collector the year previous, and the collector's book, then in his possession, bore the impress of blood-stained fingers. Several persons were suspected of the crime, arrested and tried, but no one was convicted, and the mystery of the Parker murder, after a lapse of fi>rty years, is a mystery still. The County Court-House, located on the corner of Jlerrinuick and Kr;iiikliii Streets, was erected in 1868, at the cost of forty thousand dollai's. It is a two-story brick building. Cemeteries. — The oldest burial-place under the control (d' the city is what is known as the Valley Cemetery, which was given to the town by the Amos- kcag Company in 1840. It contains about twenty acres. Pine Grove Cemetery contains about fifty- four acres, and is located about two and a half miles from the city hall, between the Calef and River roads. Other cemeteries are the .\nioskeag, St. .Joseph, St. Augustine, .Mount Calvary; also the old burying- ground at the Centre; one at Gotl'e's Falls; one in West Manchester; one near the school-house at Harvey's Mills, called the Merrill Cemetery; one in the eastern part of the city, known as Stowell's Oroniid; the Bay Cemetery, on tlie River road, near Ainoskeag Falls; the Forest Cemetery, on the ohi Weston farm, in the southeastern part of the city : and a small yard in the north part of the city. Fire Department. — In 1839 the town votcart of the city, and reaching to .Vmoskcag and West Jlanchester, Hallsville and Bakersville. There are thirty-si.x alarm-boxes, whose keys are kept at adjacent houses or stores, and six strikers, situated on the city hall, the Lincoln Street, Webster Street and Ash Street Scliool-houses, the engine-house in West Manchester and a tower at the north end of the city. There are also gongs at the engine-houses and the residences of the engineers and others. Firemen's Relief Association. — Organized Feb- ruary 14, 1873. Designed for the relief of any of its members who may be injured or disabled at a fire. The following is a list of its officers: President, Thomas W Lane; Vice-President, James F. Pherson; Secretary, Joseph E. Merrill ; Treasurer, Horatio Fradd ; Executive Committee, — Amoskeag, No. 1, George R. Simmons; N. S. Beau, No. 4, E. G. Abbott; Pennacook Hose, No. 1,W. L. Blenus; Mas- sabesic Hose, No. 2, R. G. Houghton ; E. W. War- rington Hose, No. 3, John Patterson; Merrinuick Hose, No. 4, George B. Forsaith; Hook-and-Ladder, No. 1, Jerome J. Lovering. The Amoskeag Veterans. — This well-known or- ganization is next to the oldest veteran corps in New England, the exception being the Ancient and Hon- orable Artillery Company of Boston. The Amoskeag Veterans is an independent company, and wa.s organ- ized November 6, 1854, at a meeting of which Hon. Hiram Brown was chairman and Hon. C. E. Potter clerk. The first oflicei-s were as follows: William P. Riddle, colonel ; William Patten, first lientenant ; Samuol .\ndiew6, second lieutenant; Hiraiu Brown, first major; K. T. Stevens, second ninjor ; Sainnel W. Parsons, first sergeant ; Jacob (». Cilley, second sirgeant; S. M. Dow, third sergeant; Reuben D. M"oet«, fourth sergeant; .lames Wallace, first corporal ; Phinohas Adams, second corporal ; E. G. Guilford, third corporal ; lliomas Rundlett, fourth corporal ; .Tolin S. Elliot, surgeon ; William W lirowu, surgeon's mate; Deujaniin M. Tillotson, chaplain; .lames llersey, treasurer ; Frederick G. Stark, Daniel ('. Gould, John S. Kidder, George Porter, Theodore T. Abbott, executive committee. The objects for which it was organized were desig- nated by the constitution to be military parades, the protection of life and property, the iireservation of the peace and social enjoyments. Its first parade and ball occurred February 22, 1855. The following is a list of the commanders of the veterans from its organization to the present time: General William P. Riddle, 18S4 ; Colonel Chandler E. Potter, 18".'i Colonel Theodore T. Abbott, 18.17 ; Colonel Thonuis Rundlett, 181", Colonel Henry T. Mowatt, 1862; Colonel Chandler E. Potter. ISM; Colonel David Cross, ISM ; General Nott Head, 18(18 ; Colonel JIartiii V. B. Edgcrly, 18":i ; Colonel George C. Gilmorc, 1S75 ; M. V. li Edgerly, I87i; ; A. C. Wallace, 1877 ; D. A. Simons, 1878 ; N. W. Cumner, 1879-80; Henry C. Merrill, 1881; frank A. McKeaii, 1882-83 ; Geo. H. Chandler, 1884 ; Henry H. Huse, 1885, The Amoskeag Veterans include the most proiiii- iieiit and influential citizens of Manchester and ad- i MANCHESTER. 115 joining towns, and is one of the celebrated military bodies of New England. Prior to the organization of this corps there liad been several independent companies organized in Man- cliester, viz. : Manrliester Rifle Comj)any, organized in lS2o, under command of Captain James McQues- tion; the Stark Guards, organized .Vugust 10,1840, Captain Walter French; the Granite Fusileers, organized August 10, 1842, Captain Samuel \\\ Par- sons; the National Guards, organized August 17, 18«>.3; and the Smyth Rifles, organized in 1865. Police-Station. — The present p(»lice-station was ereited in }>^<'k It is located on the c(»rner of Man- chester and Chestnut Streets. It is a neat and sub- stantial brick structure, with granite trimmings. War of 1861-65.— The following list of soldiers was furnished l>y Manchester during the late Rebel- lion : FIRST UEGIMENT. Uicbanl N. Batchelder, <|imrteriiiaster ; Fraocie H. Pike, tife-mtviur. Compani/ C. — Joho L. Kt-lly, Murlin V. B. Richardson, CharlcB 0. Jviiiiiwiii, Micliaol O'Flynn, Wiiliniii Mayiio. Robert Lo.viJ, Patrick Bo ban, Cbuilos J. AiHJrews, (')iarles 11. Allen, .lames W. Allierlon, Abm- bain Bn>wn, Frank Burr, Jeronm Blaisdoll, William H. H. Black, n«iiiy B*jum;ll, C'harleji \. Cressc-y, Ilafikcll P. Cutlin, Francis Caliill, Chark'8 Conner, Tbomas F. Gary, Francis II. Conner, Jobn W, Clark, Gtrorge U. Clianiplin, Augustus B. Caawell, Cliarles H. IX-merrett, Ed- ward <». DtKige, Jolm M. Evans, Page Ciould, John GurdrnT, John Goff, Daniel Gile, Mantbatl IIuU bins, Frank It. Ilackett, Witliam W. llaMvl- tou, .losepb Ilasulton, Sumner A. Ilixl^^kins, Dennis Hynes, Dsuiel Kid- der, Frank L. Kendull, .lohn L. Lear, William 3Iajor, Charles Mace, Jr., Aldeii E. >I«lcalf, Charles II. Jlorrison, Frederick G. Manning, Slicbael MardtfQf William F. Ordway, Samuel W. Pierce, Robert Richards, Al- bert E. Rogers, (Jeorge F. Rennett, James Rooney, George W. Uinglar, David \\. Rolling En, Hur^reon. Oomitautj .1.— Cliarlea 0. Tuttio, John C. Bcnarcbad, .\lbert Lovett, Patrick McGrutb, Alexander Bellic, John W. Riley, Julius A. Alexan- der, Thomas .Xdams, Jobn (.-olenian. Corii/iuti|/ /J.— George Nelson, Thomas Kennoy, Charles Donnully, George Coyle, All>ort Kalnon, George Bullen, Jnhn Camnicl, Michael Culligan. Oom;>'nit/ C— Michael Mnllins, John Smith, David Brown, James II. Piatt, Richard A. I^wrence, Benjamin F. Cliaac, Alvin h. Wiggin. Truik O. Robinson, Alfred W. Berbain, Lemuel M. Cox, Abner II, Glenivnt, Duvid W. Colbiirn, Frederick R Allen, John A. Bjirker, Charles W. Bruwn, William Calef, Henry F. Carey, John II. Cole, Har- Tey M. Ctilby. Andrew 31, Connel, George W. Cmig, lla/en Davis, Jr., John Dnris, Fre«, Jubn Adams, Wilham Brown, I>uniel DnfTee, GeiM'Ke Dexter, Janiert Grinin, George (iilbert, James HowanI, Thoimts Jones, William Jnmw. Williatii Kdley, Tboniiis Lorkhiirl, Peter Lnwson, Tiewin Suver- •DCe, ]>nniel Miirry, Jubn Ni-wton, Jitnies P<-aks, Willnini I>a\is, Lewis FlitU-, Cboilis A. McLanriEn, Harvey Hill, William HudKou, James J. Lord, John A. .Ma«>>n, Elijah Muiih*, Charles McGlaugblln, George F. Perr)-, George Pickuj*, Timothy H. Pike, Jonatlmn C. Qulmby, .lobn K. Blcbanls, George H. Sargent, AlfW-d 1. Sanborn, William .'onuolly, George McCoriiiick, Charles SIaM>n. Oitnpnuy G. — .\ndrew Quinn, William Brown, William S. Bennett, .\udrew Christeusen, Michael Corcoran, Charles Elliott, Willinm H. French, Custer Jackson, John Peters, William Steele, Charles Smith, Jubn Travis. Company H. — Tbomafi Beatry, George P. Williams, Frank .\. Eastman, .\bial A. Haunarord, Lucius Farmer, Heno' J- Flanders, Nathaniel F. Swett, Joseph Tallen. Com2>any I. — David M. Perkins, Rodney A. Manning, Thorndike P. Ueatb, William H. Griffin, Hazen B. Martin, Edward L. Bailey, Joseph A. Hubbard, Oscar .\. Moar, .\Ibion Simonds, .\lbert E. Shotes, .\rthur E. Buckminster, Perkins C. Lane, Charles Vickerj', Charles H. Smiley, Stephen J. Smiley, Samuel T. Newell, Daniel W. Newell, William H. Appleton, Lynmn M. .Vldricli, James G. Burns. Fnink M. Hoiitelle, Nicholas M. Biglin, James R. Carr, John S. Callcy, Leonard B. Corliss, Jesse E. Dewey, George B. Damon, Lyman A. Dickey, Moses L. East- man, (->rriu S. Gardner, Joseph H, Gleiison, Nonnan E. Gunnison, Eu- gene G. Hazewell, Maitin A. Haynes, Charles T. Hardy, Luther P. Hubbard, James M. House, Jloses A. Hunkins, Edgar D. Keiiaston, George F. Lawrence, John E. Ogdeu, Samuel H. Oliver, Chailes K. Par- roti, Henry M. Pillf^burj-, Solon K. Porter, .\lbert B. Kfibinson, Levi H. Sleeper, Jr., Josiah S. Swain, William W. Wood, Charles B. Wright. Company A*. — Benjamin F. Ashton, Charles G. Sargent, James Curley. Company I'nhtoicn. — Samuel Easkie, Charles Wing, John Williams, I William G. Slark, James Donnolly. I THIRD REGIMENT. .Vlviu H. Libby, atljutant ; Henry Hill, chaplain ; Harrison B. Wing, ' principal musician. Ompuny ^.—Rufua F. Clark, Jubn R. Hyuee, Ruthven W. Houghton, j Frank L. Morrill, Charles A. White, Roger W. Woodbury, Thomas Johnson, Jubn N. t_'hiise, Amos D. Baker, Thomas T. Moore, (ieorge E. Jubnson, Richard T. Holland, Samuel George, John W. Evans, John M. Evans, William Hammett, James Sullivan, George J. Woodman, Al- bert G. Dane, George H. Webster, Kli K. Bowman, Samuel 1>. Brels- fords, Daviil Bryant, James (i. Femald, Cliarles 0. Ferson, Edward Shelmn, John F. Stokes, William E. Hamnett, William L. Bennett, Ini J, .\dams, Haskell W. Bantill, Charles N. Buckinan, George W. Bridge- ham, William 0. D. Brown, Harrison S. Cass, Robert A. Challis, Albert N. ("lougli, Daniel F. Culby, Harrison J. Copp, Gideon Coty, H. J. Cum- mings, Charles o. R. l)avis, Joseph Dupray, Charles <}. Emery, C'harles 0. Fei-sou, W. W. Flanders, John Flood, George T. Fogg, Thomas F. Gay, .Vlbert George, Charles 0. Gibson, Charles Gilbert, Walter A. Green, Cyi-us Gorman, John W. Goodwin, Thomas Hanson, Henry T. Hatch, John Houseman, William S. Ilodgmau, An^Irew J. Holmes, Wil- liam II. Huntress, William M. Karney, George H. Lawrence, Luke Leaf, George W. Lee, Samuel H. Little, Nathaniel Marshall, James Mc- Ewen, David H. Newton, Stephen W. Nlles, Austin E. Perry, James D. Proudman, William H. Ramsey, John II. Sjinder**, Geerge H. Web- scei-, Hiram C. S'luires, Collins P. Tebbetts, Leander White, John R. Wbittcn, William II. Carter, George S. Thomas, Edward Reynolds, .Mpheus Chickortng. fyiutpany C— John Kerwin. Michael J. Connelly, Thomas Casey, Hugh DulToy, Matthew Byrns, John Casey, John JlcClemens, John Crosbie, Eugene Cadorath, John IZagan, Timothy Ilealoy, Robert O'Con- nell, .Michael E. A. Galvin, Thomas McEnry, Michael T. Donoboe, I Robert II. Allen, Wall«r Cody, Joseph J. Donehue, James Wilson, John I Currnn, Byron Costellu, Patrick Larkin. John Mclntire, Diiniel Maho- \ ney, David Moure, P«ter Pelkey, James <.^uinlan, James Sniiib, Lewis Potter, Charle* Hall, Stephen Welsh, Biistin Miir-shalt, William Allen, Peter Smith, Joseph Potter, Edwin O'Brien, Francis Sberiibin, William Spraguo, Ednnind Htu-kett, George .Mien, William Hukor, John Barrett, John Ikioth, George H. Briggs, David Bryant, Bernard Farry, James Henderson, Robert P. Murry, Gwtrge A. Woodburn, Sjinmwl Whittjikor, James Welch. Compttnii D.— William H. Maxwell. Company K— George Stearns, James B. F. Towns. ' Vomitaay (1. — (liarles Gilbert. 116 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Qfmpnnt/ ff— Clmrles K. Freuch, Henry B. Eastman, Henry C. Page, (Thai-les Hiirvey, Jacol> BoutellB, Albert Blood, Charles F. Biirnbani, John S. Cole, Kdwani Cotter, John B. Pavis, >\'illiaui II. Foster, Fnink Ferren, William Gracy, David Gracy, Levi Gardner, Cliarles E. Harris, William H. Hill, Fninkliu Halladay, William E. Handy, Isaac H. Kingsbury, Kobert C. Dow, Henry F. Hopkins, Morris Hennessey, RobtTt Vincent, Walter J. Richards, Eben R. Adams, David A. Page, Julius Griggs, littnson Blake, Daniel N. Atwood, Ameiicus Briggs, Al- bert H. Luckwood, James O'N'eil, Alb-rrt H. Stevens, Donald Smith, William Todd, James Walsh, George Bailey, John Cruwsou, Peter tiiiig- ley, William H. Knox, William H. Knowlton, Daniel Luce, Alexander Le Mudge, Alden E. Metcalf, Daniel S. Morrison, Charles Morgan, Jerome B. McQueston, George Munlough, Timothy Parker, Waller J. Richard, James C. Roach, Albert IL Stevens, Volney F. SimmoDS, Joseph H. Wallace, Anson T. Williams, Patrick Woods, Patrick Welch. Compamj I. — William Johnson, David Earles, William G. Nichols. Oompany K. — Edwin Brackelt, James H. A. A. Stead, John Whitney, Fnincis Boyutou, Thomas Robinson, Andrew McNeil, Thomas Thomason, Varnum H. Hill, Corwiu G. Parker. FOURTH REGIMENT. John L. Kelly, quartermaster ; Benjamin F. Fogg, conimisoary sergeant . Bawl. — Walter Diguam, Francis H. Pike, Henry Slurpby, Lemuel H. James, John O'Brien, Alonzo Buntin, Frederick T. Page, Samuel A. Porter, John Harrington, William Dignam, Eugene K. Foss, H. Augus- tus Simonds, Eliphalet Dustin, Juhu Googin, Orrin X. B. Stokes, Henry Lewis, James A. Fanihain, ReinhoUl T. Trumblum. Company A. — Patrick BIcGee, Augustus Stenger. Company B. — Martin J. Staunton, Slarlin V. B. Richardson. Compuny C. — Jackson Dustin, Joseph L. C. Miller, Perley B. Rand, George D. Stiles, George S. Tuck, William 0. Woodbridge, George M. Kidder, Cornelius E. Parker, Robert A. Seaver, Daniel W. Rollins, Eben H. Nutting, Alanson W. Barney, William G. Burke, Daniel W. Knox, John Lovett, Byron Putnam, William E. Kubinson, Chauncey Smith. Cotnpafiy D. — Charles O. Jennison. Comjxiii^ fc'.— Frank B. Hutchinson, Cyrus H. Hubbard, Charles H. Reed, Stephen Kendrick, Charli-s Whiting, Edward O. Hill, Thomas L. Newell, Francis V>'. Parker, .\iidrew J. Edgerly, John IL Baker, Alvard E. Wilson, Charles M. Whiting, Robert Hume. Edwin Weatherstield, Lyman Wyman, Charles Bracket!, John Malone, John L. 9Iaek, James M. Dickey, John Lynch, Anson K. Hall. Frank A. Allen, Edaon Wyman, Horace G. Heath, Woodbury Wyman, John G. Hutchinsi.in, Horatio N. Bicklord, George F. Davis, Charles H. Williams, George W. Williams, Frank Matthews, Oscar Perkins, Orrin Corrigan, William H. Webster, Charles A. Newton, Hermann Greager, Thomas S. Burns, Kmory Wy- man, Michael Curdy, Caricton C. Richardson, William K. Cobb, Henry C. Osgood, John P. Smith, Charles A. Newton, John G. Hutchinson, Charles H. Allen, William H. H. Allen, Francis A. Allen, Rufus Bailey, William Bonner, James M. Cummings, Patrick Castless, Isaac K. Colby, Charles A. Cressey, Owen Corigen, Joseph P. Cressey, Amos Cressey, George E. Dunell, James M. Dickey, Jr., Daniel Emery, John Fallon, AlpheuHi D. I-'Iag, William Gunneil, James F..GritRn, George H. Harris, William Magerty, John Hobert, John Hackett, William B. Hart, Charles H. Lee, John Lynch, Charles C. Livingston, Lewis S. ]MerrilI, James Mocklor, Harlan E. Page, Levi Putnam, Thomas P. Philbrook, Ben- jamin F. Quimby. Daniel S. Russell, Henry K. Richardson, George W. Robinson, Larkin Sargent, John Stewart, Joseph T. Snow, Benjannu Si>aulding. Ojiitpanii F. — William Haskell, Charles L. Brown, James Murphy. Company (;.— Peter O'Brien, Lyford Hunt, Michael Shaunnessey, Dennis Ilines, William H. Brooks, James ]SI. Fogg, John Ganluer, John E. Gerry, Charles C. Mai-sh, John ItluHen, Michael Bliwldcn, Dana Runels, Dennis Walnh, William Beede, Edward Fields, Thomas J. Gal- vin, Patrick Conway, .Vmos W. Brown, Morris Foley, Penni» Glle, Zi?bina .\nni8, John Smith, Stephen C. Chapman, Frank Buss, Elbrldge Geary, Patrick Dowd, Richard Smith, Charles P. Glcason, Peter O'Brien, Jerome Blaisdell, Fnuiria Cahill, George A. Runneln, James M. Allen, Michael Brosiuihau, William H. Brooks, Jaiui-s Merrow, Fii-derick D. Wood, Jeremiah Spelan, George H. Stewart, Charles T. Maitlen, Pat- rick Broderick, Terreiice Tniwley, William Gunston, Jeremiah Kellehor, John Pickett, Daniel Sullivan, William Sullivan, Cornelius Sullivan, Owen Tully, Lawrence Hern. Michael SIcHugh, John Smith, Ricliard Smith, John Frank, Peter Williamsiin, AVilliam H. Thompson. Patrick Brt>derick, AInios Cushing, Patrick Donnelly, James Donovjin, Itenj.tniin F. Fogg, Edwanl Field, James Ferry, Thomiis Follen, Hiram B. Frost, Louis J. Gillis, James Garman, Dennis Hoynes, John Howard, Cornelius Kennedy, Dennis Keefe, James Larkin, John 0. Mastin, Charles C. Marsh, Patrick McDonald, James Melasky, Charles Marden, Frank Quinn, John Quinn, James Quinn, Patrick Quinn, William II. Rey- nolds, Michael Reardon, Timothy Reardon, JIartin J. Staunton, Ashel Stoddard, Abraham S. Sanborn, John Shea, I>eunis Tehan, Francis B. Willey, Dennis Walch, Clark E. Wilson, John Walch, John SDirphy, Owen Tulley. t'oiitpuny II, — William Bonner, Orren Bush, Daniel H. May, Charles H. Bartlett, Samuel D. Marckrey, Bartholomew Maloney, Curtis R. Hartly. Comjiatty I. — Geerge W. Stevens, Ephraim F. Brigham, Jonathan P. Nicholw, John H. Powers, Heruian Nichols, Benjamin K Quimbyi Benjamin H. Smith, Benjamin W. Smith, Enoch C. Stevens. Company K. — Job R. Giles, Harvey M. Weed, Charles L. Batchelder, Charles M, Currier, George W. Hackett, Israel N. Gale, Samuel B. Mace, James Wyman, Albert G. Ormsby, Clinton Farley, John F. Davis, Gsorge E. Fitch, JoIhi Barry, Beiijamiu Welch, Robert Clayton, Geurg*- W. Stevens, .^lorris C. Wiggin, Samuel M. Dole, William U. Sanborn, Mon- roe Stevens, Joseph Wallace, Fernando C. SpauUling, Benjamin Harts- horu, William S. Barker, Joseph W. Bailey, Albert Cass, Edward Dolion, James Fern, Frank A. Garland, Charles A. Hackett, Frederick W. Lou- gee, Patrick O'Conuell, Nelson J. Pierce, William H. Perkins, Horace J. Parker, William Shever, Homtio H. SteTeiLS, Heury D. Tompkins, George Wyman, Joshua B. Webster. Oympnnij Unknoim. — James H. German, William Hall, William A. Viltnian. FIFTH REGIMENT. Samuel G. Langley, lieutenant-colonel. Company A. — Thomas Brown, John Evans, Charles Taylor, .\lfred Brown. Company B. — George Stanton. Frank Howard. Tliomas Knight, James O'Connell, .Alexander Hos*, William Hickman, John Myers. Vomp'iny E. — Walter Summertield, George H. Houghton, t>8car E. Car- ter, Cornelius H. Stone. Company F. — George B. Jenness. Company 0. — Thomsis Smith. Company H. — WarreTi Clark, Samuel T. Smith, James Stetson, GoorgV Bradley, Abram Cameion, Edward Chopjienger. Company I. — George Nichols. Company Unknown. — Walter Barnes, Hila Davis, Thomas Burns, ThonuLs B. Langley. SIXTH REGIMENT. Company .1. —Charles White, Charles B. Seavej'. Company B. ^Charles J. Gardner, Edward R. Barnett, Charles L. Davenpt»rt, Allison Towns, Ounpauy IJ. — John Fitch. Com2>any K. — Ti Tison, Owen Kelley. Compantf Unknown. — Lafayette Pettingill. SEVENTH REGIMENT. Joseph C. Abbott, lieutenant-colonel ; William W. Brown, surgeon ; Henry Boynton, assistant surgeon. dmtpuny A. — Nicholas Gill, Granville P. Mason, Edward May, Virgil H. Cate, William C. Knowlton, James Williams, Oliver P. Hanscom, James .\pplelon, Benjamin F. Clark, .John S. Merrill, Granville L. Ful- ler, Henry Burke, John Hobin, Charles H. Hall, William R. Thompj-uu, Henry S. Benton. Company B. — Charles H, Dwiunels, .\ltVed B. Shemenway, Henry G. Lowell. Company C. — Robert Rochester, Charles F. G. Ames, Patrick Crosby. Company D. — Frank Moore, James Collins, John .\Ilen. Company E. — Henry F. W. Little, George F. Robie. Michael Dean, Charles G. Pyee, Henry C. Dickey, Joseph Blanchett, Lewis .\sh, George W. Putnam, Louis Seymour, Erian V. Villingham, Charles H. .Vbbott. Company F. — Francis M. Kennison, Thomas Gilmore, John Harking. Company G. — Waller McDonald, Patrick ,0. Day, James Doberty. Company I. — James McCarty, Joseph FreschI, William Smith, CbarleA Caiue, John 0. Silver, Avery Bixby, John G. Sfarkham, AVesky Glidcbn, Edwin B. Hodgeman, Silas L. Darrah, Charles .\. Rowell, John Hjit«li, Calvin Brown, Adam Going, William A. Clifford, Frederick G. Merrill, Edwin Sturtetant, John Hennessey, Newell B. Bixby, Benjamin F. Clark. Company K. — Henry Osboru, James .\. Hills, Henry T. Robbins. O-mpuny Unknown. — Warren E. F. Li-own, James Spinnington, William Halt. MANCHESTER. 117 KIGUTII KEGIMKNT. Ilawkeii Fearing, Jr., i-ulom-l ; Charles A. Putney, quartermaster. tompaiti/ A. — Ilybert Jones, Juiiics Slurry, James S. Jloiiroo. Oimp-imj Ji. — Robert Keefu, Tlioiniki Harrison, Frederick Ltiiit, Joseph - Abbott, rhHrle»i ^lills, James Wilson, John Lawton, Aloiizo W. Flao- I' rj, William Waugti. Compnmj V. — John Urailley, Jotteph ('ollins, George Darling, William II. Ingrahain, William Mooro, Thomas Khodes, John Shairbartt, Henry I Warren, Daniel JlcCarty, John Collins, Kdwunl M. Cobb, Giistavus •[«>a, Tliomua Connelly, Cornelius Healy, Jr., William J. Gannon, William Jonea, Lawrence F'oley, Mward Boyle, Michael Healey, Dennis " Hrien, Thomas Gannon, Jeremiah Driscoll, Thomas Fitzgerald, John Harrington, Daniel Haggerty, Patrick Kelk-y, John -Smith, Thomas J. > itzgenild, John l^Iilan, Howard Judkins, Timothy Breim, Thomas lUake, Patrick Itohen, James U. It;illon, Janu-s Flynn, Francis Kelley, .I>hn Mullin, James T. Martin, Peter A. Shodd, Cornelius Crowley, John '•■Ilins, 3lichael Carney, Patrick Conner, John Delaney, Peter Doherty, .'.uiiea Daley, Jolin Dowd, Patrick Driscoll, John Fowler, John Flem- iJting, Morrice Fitzgemld, Thomas Flaherty, Thomas Flynn, Michael I '\, John Gibbons, Patrick Glejison, John Gallagher, B<-rnard Gallag- r, Pei<-r Gaffrey, Michael Gritlin, John Harlnett, Patrick Hurrington, -i -lin Howe, Patrick Henlihen, James McNally, Tiniuthy McCarthy, Itugli >IcIfermott, John >lc('arthy, Dennis Murphy, William Mclntire, luiiiel Mclntire, Michael Murry, James Martin, Patrick Cro(il)y. Daniel M..Millen, John Murphy, James H. McDomtld, Kdward McCabe, Timothy >liihuney, Michael Martin, Hugh ^Iclntire, Daniel McNally, William O'Doniiell, Michnel O'Nwil, Timothy O'Conner, Felix O'Neil, James Paluicr, Patrick Iteagan, William Shea, I^Iichnel Savage, Martin Shea, Michael Sullivan, Michael Shea, Patrick Sullivan, Jr., Patrick Sullivan, Joseph St. John, Matthew Taft, John Wals^h, Stephen Tohin. C'oinptiinj /'.—James Allies, Joseph J. Ladd, Thomas .>!. I.eaTitt, William K. Hubbard, Hiram D. Kidder, John II. Austin, Theodore L page, John C. Aldrich, Francis Gilbert, John K. Knox, Israel J. Lang- maid, Barnabas B. Kussoll, Daniel Stevens, Josiah Limbury, Carl Miller, Charles Meger, Francis Iiavenport,'Richard J. Hhn Smith, Augustus C. Ames, Henry H. iHinbar, John F. P. Raley, I trues Sunter, John Burns. 'utHi'ttHtt 6'.— Cbiirles t.'ook, Joseph Cmwford, Charles Davis, Edward B. Leunapl.John Slilaii, Thomat ' O. Sargent, Cyrus B. Norris, Asa Brown, .-Vmos S. Bean, William C. Flanders, John B. Hoit, F. B. Hackett, JoBei)h E. Provencher, Enoch O. Shepherd. Coiupany F. — Charles P. Welsh, James Robston, James M. Lathe, William \. Canfield, Hiium S. Latiie, Oliver Buckminstor, Charles A. Ciimmings, Charles A. Carlton, Freeman L. I-athe, Sylvester J. Hill, William P. Mason, Augustine M. Westcott. Company G. — John Antlee, Henry Edwards, John Smith. Company H. — Mans L. Chase. Company I. — Jacol> Krnsa. Coinpauy K. — James fJordon. Compauij Viikiioirn. — Alonzo L. Day. TENTH REGIMENT. Michael T. Donohoe, colonel; John Coughlin, lieutenant-colonel; Jesse F. Augell, major. Compiiuy A. — Ichabod S. Bartlott, Andrew W. Doe, John B. Sargent, Hiram S. Barnes, Alfred G. Simons, William H. Allen, Orrin A. Clough, James 11. T. Baker, Warren A. Burrell, Fra/.er A. Wasley, Charles B. Cliai»man, Iwuic IJuint, Daniel Alvvood, I'liarles W. .VtwotKi, Miles y\ldri. Heath, David Kisby, George B. Lewis, Charles H. Mayliew, Josejdi I). .Mclie, Delano Prescott, .loseph Perkins, David A. (juimby, David L. Ridley, Edwin 0. Smith, Patrick Shegree, Charles E. Sargent, Owen Sidllvaii, Martin Toole, Bernard Inlret, William W". White, Henry Walley, Henry o. Merrill, Albert F. Nelson, Hanson Tipped, M'illiam F. Ordway, .Tolin Mtirphy, >Iarshall HutchiDs, Stillman B. Ha/elton, Joseph It. Ha/.elton, Charles Johnson, Jr., Charles H. Leonard, Cornelius W. Strain. C'lmpitiiy D. — A. O. Ambody, Daniel B. Abbott, Anrlrew Dunn, Michael Dalton, Francis Dnbin, Charles W. Fo»», RurnsB. Hall, Edwanl Loverly, John .\. Mason, George W. Madden, Joseph C. Osgtwd, Jos^'ph Peno, Zelotus L. Place, Henry L Qnimby, Moses E. ijnimhy, Tliomas B. Quint- by. M. E. Raymond, George II. Wyman, (Jeorge N. Wheeler, James J. Bjddwin, Iroutr Milrhell, James Robinson, John Murphy, .Mexandor Campb'.-Johi) Barj-, Kldttd Butler, Oliver Burns, James Boyle, Patrick Curnui, Wiggiu O.nnolly, Jeremiah Cochran, .Toseph Claytou, Michael Cochran, Kdmund Dnggan, Michael Donovan, James }.. Drov^•, Michael Early, Michael P. Klynn, James Flenimings, Thomas Gog.n, Patrick Gurrv, John Uorngan, Michael llandley, Timothy lledily, Ja.s. R Jenkins, Lavvre.ice Larkin, John San.lers, Hugh JIcManus, Thomas Murnhy, Michael Mara, Patrick Xavin, John OFlynn, David U'lirieu, John O'Brien, William W. Pinkl.am, John Parker, J..hu yuinn, John Ryerden, John Sullivan, Charles 11. Tho...|»!on, Kussell Town, Bernar.l White, William Wall, John Ward, Joshua Poiveni, Michael L. O. O'Brien, Joliu L. O'Brien. C.ymv.u,y fi.-William Higgins, Charles W. WiUey, Argus McG.nmss, William Johnson. Compa«y W.-George W. Chapn.an, Uriah H. loss, Charles II. Hall, Charles W. Drew. Washington I. Baker, Henry C. Dickey, David II. Dickey. Charles J. Esty, James P.Gould, David M. Glover, Clinton 0. Hill George T. Hastings, llenjamin F. Harrington, Albert Q. Perry, John Ray, Charles W. Wiley, George H. Hul.hard, Foster Kimball, John Ryan, William P. Williams, Stephen 51. Baker. 'com.m.,j /.-William Ryan, Thomas Taylor, Charles Ward. Vompm»j A-.-John Ahem, Davi.l Allen, John Bryson, Fred Conway, Cornelius Cary, John Cole, James Combie, Patrick Devine, William De- van John Doherty, Patrick Fowler, Richanl Gallagher, John Garvey, Tinmthy Harrington, Daniel D. Ilealey, James Ilealey, Henry Hayes, Michael Slaliony, John Martin, Patrick O Brieu, Patrick Paine. William H Percival Charles Plunkett, Jeremiah D. Sheehan, Thomas Solon (second) Dennis Sullivan, Michael Sullivan, Timothy Tehaii, James Thomiison, Patrick Welsh, Roger Sheady, William Hastings. Jeremiah Deedy, James Duftee, Patrick Early, Dennis Feuton. Thomas Jones, Thomas Kelley, .Tames Kenuington, Patrick Lavan, Peter H. Lee, Daniel Loftis, Patrick McCarty, William Miller, William Mulligan, Thomas MuiTy, Hugh .Murphy, Charles H. Hodgdon, James Andereon, Francis Madden, John Driggs, John Kelley, Patrick Doyle, James JIadden. a,mp««y I-„t,.o»n.-William F. SlcPhereon, Sullivan B. Abbott, David Reed, John Connor, James Burns. ELE\'ENTH REGIMENT. Comf-my C-Jeremiah D. Lyford, Andrew J. Frye, John F. Clarke, Edward C. Emerson. Charles F. Johnson, F,/,n. B. Glines, Enoch T. Fnrnliaiu, Albert F. Sargent, Goi.ige K. Du.lley, Loanimi Searles, Lucien S Buckland, Charles W. Baker, William W. Fish. True O. Furnald, Lyman W. Griffin, Humphrey M. Glines, Alexander Hutchinson. Israel Henno James W. Ressler, Levi B. Lewis, .Tolin B. Marsh. Charles Mll- len John \. F Phelps, G. A. W. Barker, Moses Richardson, Benjamin Stevens, Luther M. Smith. Luther G. V. Smith, Oilman M. .Smith, Daniel R Woodburv, Ira Gardner Wilkins, Frank W. Page. Ira E. Wright, E.lward Adams, J..seph B. Clark, Ih.llis O. Dudley, Oliver Williams. Comii.mj) C— John White John Smith. Comrany £.- Caleb J. Kimball. William 0. Stevens. Daniel Whitney, Charles H Tufle, Joseph Cross, William Dickennan, Amos B. Shattuck. Cmvc'V r,*io.»...-Charle» I.eGranger, William Barton, Joseph Mar- tin. James Arnold. John White, Joseph Kerr. Michael Quinn. Westley Chester, Peter Robinson FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. Corajmnv '/.—John R. Green. Comimmi /J.-John N. Bruce, Silas R. Wallace, Stephen M. Wilson. Co,«}««>, i:harlcs W. Bills, Augustus B. Corev, Benjamin C. Cook, George B. Jackson, Thom.« S. KnowleN Rolwit J. McFarland, Charles H. Lee. Owen Evans. Barney flynn, George H. Howe, John McFee, Patrick Mack, James Smith, William H. Plummer, John F. Rounds, Zachariah B. Stewart. Amasa J. Purvier, Patrick Sullivan, Charles Wilson, George T. White. Com, „A-. -Horace Pickard, Miles J. Colby, Peter Robinson, John A. Lindsay, Walter A. Green, Patrick Prescott, Edwat»l N. Tuttle, Ed- ward K. White, John Copp, Jeremiah Sheehan, George C. Moore. NEW ENGLAND CAVALRY. David B. Nelson, major ; George T. Cram, adjutant ; Arnold Wyman, first lieutenant. Troop /v-.-Ji*eph Austin, John A. Jones, Henrj- G. Ayer, Thoma* Bougiige, Jonathan B. Chapman, Jason N. Childs, John G. Clinbhs, George E. Clark, Matthew N. Colby, Charles R. Dunham, Emei>on A. Dunham,J..niesD. Gage, George Hanchett, William H. Hart, William Holtoii, James W. Jenness, Philip Jones, CInirles S. Kidder, Blward A. Lawrence, Hugh Mills, Henry E. Newton, Charles L. Prescott, John G. Page William H. Palmer, Francis II. Phillips, Moody guimby, Hiram Stearns, Lewis E. Tuplin, Charles II. Wilson, David F. Wilsim. Troop M -George W. Herrv, Eugene Bowman, John Francis ( ',dby. Minor Hawks, Henry P. Hubbard. Nathan P. Kidder, Cyrus Litchfield, i RnsKoll, Albert P. Tasker, Ebelieier TWELFTH REGIMENT. t„„.,,.o.;, .l.-Marlin Davis, Joseph Sharp, Charles Bowers, Jacob Mclormick, John McGraw, Alexander ('..nclianl. Company ii.-Henry J. Lindner, John Smith, Henry Thomas, Albert Miiniford. C...,i;>.i,,!, C-James H. Oorih.n, Nathan E. Hopkins, Philip Levi, Raphel Reimann. Company D.-William Weldon. Robert Hill. Charles Mardinan, Hen- rick Fisher, James Agnew, Ira Tayh.r, Charles A. Heath. John McCon- nell, George Allan.l, Hans Anderson, Solomon Sweeney. Coa.pany F.— Robert Barnard, John IIowur.1, llibbard Nolan, Lorcnito D. Watson. Company (3.-Philip Warren, Andrew Floyd, William J. Wallace, Thomas Dalton, Edward Brown. ro...;.nn!, /.-Charles Lawrence, Henry Killan. Frank 'Wilson. .Tosepb Martin. Martin Oswald. Patrick McCarly. Thomas Hornsby, Cliarlce Williams. Company K -Henry Carr. Com/.a«l, Ci/iw.icn.-James Cooler, William Sutton, George Forrest, Julius Lyford, James C. Denipey. George Parker, James Lane. Victor Bauinan, Hiram C. Hohler. William C. Powers, Arthur W . Wilson. yiKsTNEW 11 \MPS1I1RE CAV.\LRY. Troop .1.— David A. Connor. Troop JS.— Benjamin F. Pliilbrick. 7Vooj> c. — John Farrell. Troup D. — Joshua Voce. Tniop /■;.— Andrew J. Roberts. Troop f'. -William H. Griffin, Janus II. Robinson. John C. I'olbnrn, Charles F. Elliott. Troop <;.- Edward F. Brown, John Baiiil Emeiison A. Dunham, Henry H Aldlich, James N. Bean, Charles A. Brown. Troop //.-William A. Piper, William A. Kelley, Edwin R. Packard, Jewett W. Perry. Troop /.—William H. Palmer. 7V,,..p A-. -James D. Gage, .lohn G. Page, .harbs L. Presiotl. Hugh Mills, Charles M. Jason, .lames II. French. Jonathan B. Chapman, War- renForsailb, William II. Hart, J.i8..n N. ChihU, Moody Quimby, D. F. Wilstin. ...J, '/Voop n -Henrv B. Ilnhl«ird, Eno.h Lovell, Charles S. Kidder, John F. Colby, James II. Parks, lins.avns II. Best, William C. PoW- ""ttoop (■„i„„,c,..-Andrew Hill, Thomas Daley, Daniel LannigaD, John ..llara. Joseph Randolph, .;eorge E. S|»inlding, Thomas A Col- lins Hugh R. Bichar.l»on, Allen W. Bonney, Henry F. Hopkins, .\bboIt N. Clongh, Henry J. Webster, Daniel Doyle. Joseph Jackson, Richard Tobinc, Louis Rumaiin, George Atkins. HEAVY ARTILLERY. <;onpnny .l.-Jonah S. Kennis.m, Henry Porquet, Albert P. Young. MANCHESTER. 119 Oump'imi/ B. — JunK-8 Collins, Jr., Eilward A. Young. f.vKijMiN.v ('. — Churle** \V. WinKiite, George J. Hunt, HcIkt C. Griftiu, Wiltanl Ituckuiiiiater, C)iarK-d P. Orveii, Levi H. Sleeper, Jr., Wiltiain A. (iiliiiom, Albert F. Quiiitby, Alunxo Dity, Jaiiies M. Quiinb;, Williiiin S. ParN^'Hit, KdBun Sullivan, John S. Allen, Elbridge G. Baker, Janie^ A. Bukur^ Amlri'W 31. llucker, Janit-s o'Briuu, Charles D. Buntin, George B. Buuielle, William K. ^out^'^(■, Francis Brown, Mamlon L. Brown, Willanl S. Bilker, Chsirle-s Beun, George M*. Bruwn, George Conet, Charles H. CI.-, Sninfurd U. CIhl-*.-, John J. Crockett, David B. Dickey, JuuM 31. Dickey, Warren H. Day, John II. Day, Heubeu Do^lge, \\'il- liani K. Denney, John G. Dnrant, Charles F. Dorkum, Henry T. Fobs, William K. Forsailh. Warren Green, John S. Gamble, KIbridge Gerry, Madiiion Gerrj', Kert B. Kobin^m, Horace L. Riclianltton, Kdwin J. Ross, Dennis W. Reardcau, Noah W. Randall, Krerett Stevens, \\'itliam W. Sweatt, David A. Wilson, George W. Saw- yer, Robert Stewart, Andrew W. Sloton, George W. Taylor, Kdward W. Tillotxin, Jo6e]ili E. Walker, James M. Wallace, Sullivan B. Wallace, Nahuni A. Welwtor, Charles F. Whittemore, Nathan B. White, Daniel A. Wtdls, John W, Willey, William ^. Young, Francis York, James 0. Chandler, James R. Carr, James G. Burn^. (yihtiHiiiy F. — James P. Gallison. Company K. — David P. Steveii«, George C. Houghton, Alfred Howard, *;eorge H. Ames, Franklin A. Brackeit, Herbert W. Churchill, William Kiik, AllM-rt F. Goodhue, Frank L. Gilman, Charles E. Green, John Grammo, Lcaniler K. Hall, Charles A. Hall, Charles II. Haddock, George A. Palmer, Lewin .!. Smith, Genrge E. Swain, Sylvester S. Walsh, Cfaarlvvi I,. Bailey, Edward J. Wing, John K. .lohuson. tjompauij L. — Waller Smith, Scdiey A. Loud, Peter Burns, Pierre Michou, Oliver Jopson, James Malonoy, Henry W. Twombly, Horace G. Ktmlmll. fJom{fat\y ,lf, — John W, Dickey, George K. Dakin, Ezra D. Cilley, El^nh E. French, John R. Bean, Kphraim Fisk, John L. Sargent, ChurleH W. Boyd, George T. Bean, Philander Hopkins, Alfred R. Ciwliy, William G. Cutler, Clark S. George, Albert T. Hambk-tt, James W. Learned, G^-orge A. SIiep«rd, Gustavus Soule, Nathan B. Tilton, Ira P. Twitchell, Thomas Welch, Charles E. Young, Henry W. Clark, Horace U. Bundy, Charles Clark, Charles M. l>insmore, Wa.«ihington L. (Jniy, Henry R. Noyes, Orrin S. Silluway, rharles L, Taylor, Asa P. Wright, Henr>- Bennett, Frank L. Edmunds, Edwarrl M. Dakin, George Apple- bco, Jtjtwph Comfort, Alfred Comfort, John ,>lcCaiiIey, Orlando Proctor, K«rm N. Norris, James llichards, John Kaling, Daniel Davis, Henry Blair, Geoi^o A. .Martin, Benjamin B. Bunker. VETERAN RESERVE CORPS. Albert B!IARTIN OlARDS. Edwanl Wing, Kdwanl P. Kimiiitll, John C. Pennock, Sydney F. San- iKjrn, Wigglu T. Abbott, Howard P. Smith, Jnneph P. Frye, Charles P. Gilbert, Lewis J. Smith, George W. Davis, Charles H. Bradfonl, Dennis \. Burbank, Frank A. Brackeit, Charles W. Dimick, Henry Eaton, Willi Fisher, Austin G. French. George W. Farnliam, Alfred T. Guoman, John C. Hiinly, George K. Kentiison, William ert B. Morrison. Henry C. Norris, Charles I Putnam, John E. Ricker, Frank H. Redlield, George H. Itay, <'harles A. I Smith, Charles H. Stevens, George W. Swinborne, Nathaniel A. Tiittle, Alonzo F. W*arren, Charles F. Whittemorp, Fnink M. Boutclle, Aldauo Neal, E«lward M. Tillotstm, William E. Boutelle, Charles C. Hilton, George F. Kelley, George J. Hunt, William Buckminsler, charle« P. Green, Orrin N. B. St«»kes, Madison Gerry, George Canlield, Emorj' W\ Alexander, Andrew Armstrong, Leroy S. Batcliulder, Elihu B. Baker, George W. Ballon, James Buckminster, Charles B. Bradley, Andrew M. Bowker, George Boutelle, Albert F. Barr, Ji)hn S. Corlisn. Marcus M. Currier, Stanford U. Chase, Charles J. Chase, .\Iexunder Cooper, Benja- min Keally, John Carney, William E. Dunbar, Levi W. Dodge, Edward W. Dakin, Frank L. Edwanls, Frank W. Favour, Heber C. Gritltn, George A. Gordon, Daniel W. Gouhi, Charles Geiirge, Henry T. Goodhue, Kewton Hollis, Rhodes Hanson. FIRST LIGHT BATTERY. George A. Gerrish, John Wadleigh, Henry F. Coudict, Lyman W. Bean, Robert Burns, David Jllorg-an, Joseph T. Durgin, Ii-a P. Fellows, Howard M. F»rrar, John L. Fish, George E. Fairbanks, Jerry E. Glad- den, John H. Goodwin, William H. (loodwin, George W. Griswold, Clark S. Gordon, Ehen Gove, Adams Gowing, Simon B. Hill, John I*. Hall, Albert T. Hamlett, Wesley E. Holt, Cleaves W. Hopkins, Greely W. Hasting^*, James A. Johnston, William B. Kenney, Daniel P. Ladd, Dudley P. Ladd, Le Koy 3lc. Perkins, Henry C. Pat- rick, Daniel M. Peavey, Thomas Rjiudlett, Henry S. liowell, Francis Reeves, Charles H. Shephard, Alexander Simpson, Henry A. Sloan, Gus- tnvns Soule, John L.Sargent, Albert C. Stearns, Leander G. Sylvester, Frank Senter, Edwin U. Sias, Nathan B. Tilton, Frank W. Taber, Wil- liam B. rndcrhill, Samuel J. Whittier, George K. Dakin, Edwin H. Hobb;^, Kphraim Kisk, Gihnan Stearns, Ezra D. Cilley, .lohn K. Piper, Orrin Taber, William W. Roberts. Alonzo BI. Caswell. Samuel S. Piper, William N. Chamberlin, Henry A. Campbell, Samuel Cooper, Irving S. Palmer, Frank E. Denieritt, -\mbrose Ingham, Alexander A. Brown, Daniel Kelley, Charles E. French, John Carling, George W. Yarnnm, Hilliard L. Eaton, Philander Hopkins, George E. Glines. W'illiam L. Babbett, Marcus H. Bundy, Elisha H. Burrill, Charies W. Boyd, Le Ruy T. Bean, Edwin X. Baker, Jauu-s M. Huswoll, William H. Blackburn, Henry E. Bond, Henry Baker, Robert Crowther, .lames Carr, William Carr, William G. Cutler, Henry W. Clarke, Kittridge J. Collins, Homer Canfield, Thomas C. Cheney, Charles P. Cox, James P. Carpenter, Fred- erick J. (Pruning, Durrill S. Crockett, Chauncy C. Dickey, John W. Dickey, John Drown, Charles ,\. Doe, Martin V. It. Day, Thomas Welch, , Luther K. Wallace, Thonuis J. Whittle, Frederick S. Worthen, Morrill N. Young, Charles E. Young, I). Washieigton llrey, Albert R. Holbrook, ] Charles Peareon, Charles J. Rand, Isaac L. Boberts, Orrin S. Silloway, Charles L. Taber, Sylvester F. Webster. Charles Wcnz, James F. Sar- gent, William G. taing.^ John L. Kelly, Hollis O. Dudley, Varnum H. Hill, Rufus V. Clark, Ruthven W. Houghton, John Kirwin, Robert H. Allen, Roger W. Woodbury, William H. Maxwell, Charles A. White, Robert C. Dow, James A. Hubbard, James H. Plait, George W. Huckins, Thomp- pon S. Newell, William W. Mayne, Granville P. Mason, M'illiam C. Knowlton, George F. McCabe, Charles Cain, Frank Robie, Joseph Freschl, Warren E. F. Brown, William J. Gunnon, Cornelius Healey, Joseph J. Ladd, Nathan H. Pierce, James Kelliher, Asa T. Hutchinson, John E. Mason, John M. Carswell, Laurence F. Larkin, Thomas C. j Trumbull, Slichael F. Corcoran, John B. Sargent, Cornelius W. Strain, j John Ji. O'Brien, George H. Hubbard, Patrick Doyle, James Madden, j Joseph IJ. Clark, Amos B. Shattuck, Ira G. M'ilkins, John N. Bruce, j William E. Stearns, George T. Cram, George .\. Geirish, George K. I Dakin, James O. Cliandler, George C. Houghton, John E. Johnson, | Abiier D. Colby. ' Fimt LUtitenauts. — Martin V. B. Richardson, Dustin Marshall, Michael J. Connolly, Walter Colby, William E. Hamuett, Walter J. Richai*ds, Frank L. Morrill, Fi-ank C. Wasley, David M. Perkins, Charles A. Mc- Glaugblin, Alvah S. Wiggin, Oscar A. Moar, Patrick K. Dowd, Charles 0. Jennison, Andrew J. Kdgerly, Benjamin F. Fogg, Daniel Gile, Charles M. Currier, Virgil H. Cate, Clement F. S. Anu'>, Lawrence Foley, William E. Huhhard, Henry G. Gushing, James Miles, Robert Swiney, Michael O'Grady, Willard N. Haradon, Andrew W. Doe, Slich- ael T. H. Slaguire, Charles Johnson, Charlejj II. Gardner, Alfred G. Simons, Jeremiah D. Lyford, Ira (i. Wilkins, Edwin II. Hobbs, Ezra D. CiUey, James R. Carr, James G. Burns, Charles L. Bailey, Ephraim Fisk, William N. Chamberlin. Second LieutenanOt. — Charles Vickery, Charles L. Brown, Robert A. Seavey, Frank B. Hutchinson, W'illiam Jones, James F. W. Fletcher, Cyrus S. Burpee, Cliarles K. Rowe, Henry 0. Sargent, Cornelius Dono- hue, Alonzo L. Day, Ichabod S. Bartlett, Thorndike P. Heath, Edward K. Whit«, John K. Pijwr, Orrin Taber, John R. Bean, Moses it. Pear- son, Reuben Dodge, H. A. Lawrence, Edward J. Wing, Thomas J. Whittle. Soldiers' Monument. — The soldiers' inouiuuent, which stands on Merrimack Sfjuare, was erected at a cost of about twenty-two thousand dollars, and was dedicated September 11, 1870. The corner-stone was laid May 30, 1878, under the auspices of Louis Hell Post, G. A. R. The style of the monument is modern Gothic, and the materials of whicli it is composed are New Hamp- shire granite and bronze. The design embodies the three-fold idea of a historical and a militarv monu- ment and a fountain ; and, in its cruciform base, includes a basin thirty feet iu width, inclosed in a parapet of ornamental character. In the centre of each of the four projecting arms of the basin is a pedestal, ou a line with the parapet, supporting each a bronze statue of heroic size, representing the prin- cipal divisions of service in the army and navy, name- ly, the infantry soldier, the cavalryman, artillery- man and sailor. Alternating in pairs between these figures are eight bronze posits for gas-lights, sur- mounted by our national emblem. The column, fifty feet in height, rising from the center of the basin, is supported on a circular pedes- tal four feet in diameter, and is crowned with a capi- tal richly carved with appropriate Gothic ornament; upon this is placed a colossal statue, in granite, eight feet in height, representing Victory with her mural crown, a shield lying at her feet, and holding a wreath and recumbent sword, — emblematic of triumph and peace. This figure, irrespective of the sentiment which it admirably conveys, is a fine work of art in its attitude, features and drapery. At the base of the column is placed a shield with the arms of the city; while above are displayed flags and weapons, the trophies of war. Surrounding the circular pedestal is a bronze bas- relief, four feet iu height, representing such inci- dents of recruiting, armiuir, parting from friends and marching, as tell, in a simple and eflective manner, the meaning of the memorial. The base of the pedestal is octagonal in form, and ou its west or front side, bears a bronze tablet, on which these words are inscribed, — *' IN IIONOB OF THE MEN OF MANrtlKSTER WnO GAVE THFIU SERVICES IN THE WAtt WHICH rRESERVKU THE UNION OK THE STATES AND SECVRED EQUAL KIUHTS TO ALL UNDER THE CONSTITUTION THIS UONUUENT 16 UUILT BV A UKATEIUL CITY." This inscription was prepared by Mr, H. W, Iler- rick, and was selected from the large number contributed by a committee of literary gentlemen appointed for that purpose. Above the bas-relief are twelve gargoyles attached to the cornice of the circular pedestal, and issuing from them are jets of water faling into the baiiin be- low. The lour principal figures in bronze are works of artistic merit, and were modeled and cast expressly for this structure. ra/v^yujO ^ n^2ir(ryLJ MANCHESTER. 121 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. IIOX. JAMES A. WESTOS. The Weston family came from Buckiiiirhainshire, England, and settled in Massachusetts. .Fohn Weston canic in 1622, but returned in a few yeai-s. His brotliiTS and kinspeople soon after his return emi- grated to this country, and in lt;44 his son, John Weston, Jr., came and settled in Readinjr. From him the subject of this sketch is descended in direct line, and represents the seventh generation. His grandfather, Amos Weston, moved from Read- ing to Derryticlil, X. H., in 1803, and settled in the southeast part of the town, known in later times as the Weston farm. He was a man of character and ability, and enjoyed the confidence and respect of his fellow-citizens. His son, .\mos Weston, .Fr., was born in Reading in 17'.tl, and came to Derryfield with his parents. His early life was passed in school and with his father upon the home farm, but at the proper age he began for himself, and by industry and perseverance gained '"om|)eten<'y in early life. He w.is highly esteemed his people and was frequently called to act for them local matters. He was also prominently iolitical creed. He is of conserva- tive and still decideil views, reaching his conclusions in the same logical manner as in the discharge of any important trust. He believes the simple duties of citizenship are full of responsibilities, and that their jtroper observance requires the same careful study and faithful action as the highest offu ial i)osition. In 1862 h'' was placed in nomination for thcollice of mayor of Manchester by the Democratic party. .Mlhough very largely in the minority, and at a time when party strife was very great in this State, so universally acknowledged was Mr. Weston's fitness for the position, and so generally had he enjoyed the respect and esteem of his I'ellow-citizens, that he broke 121' HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. down the party lines, run far ahead of his ticket and was defeated l>y only a small number of votes. In 1863 he was again induced to accept the nomi- nation for the same oflicc. and while the same in- tensely partisan campaign was made by his opi)onents and party spirit ran liigher than before, he gained on his adversary and lost the election by less than a score of votes. In 1867 he was again brought forward by his party, and, although their relative strength was about the same and a determined etlbrt was made by the Re- publican party to defeat him, lie was elected mayor by a handsome majority, and entered upon his official duties in January, 1868. In 1869 he was the candidate of the Democrats for the same position, and, although not successful, it took a carefully revised official count to determine the result. In 1870 he was re-elected mayor, and again in 1871. In 1874 he was a third time chosen mayor by an overwhelming majority, which office he held when elected Governor. It must be borne in mind that Manchester has been a strongly Republican city, the majority of that party often running from six to seven hundred. Nor have the o|)poneiits of Mayor Weston been unpopular or unfit candidates. On the contrary, they have been uniformly selected for their great popular strength and fitness for the position. The Republican leaders have not been novices, and it has not been their intention to sutler defeat ; but whenever victory has been wrung from their unwilling grasp, it has been done against great odds, and because the Democrats had unusual strength, one of its most important elements having been the superior qualifi- cations and fitness for the place which Mr. Weston was acknowledged on all sides to have possessed. During the period of his mayoralty a great advance- ment of the material interests of the city took place, and marked improvements were inaugurated and suc- cessfully carried on. An improved system of sewerage was established and, so far as practicable, completed, which proved of incalculable benefit. A general plan for establishing the grade of streets and side- walks was arranged, and steps taken to obviate many difficulties which liad arisen in connection with this important part of municipal government. Imjjrove- ment in the public commons was commenced and carried on as far as economy and fair expenditures of each year seemed to warrant, and tlie foundation was laid in public policy, adopted under his management, for permanent and systematic ornamentation of the parks and public grounds. The matter of concrete walks received its first encouragement from Mayor Weston. It was a subject about which much difJ'er- ence of opinion existed, and when the mayor author- ized the covering one of the walks across one of the commons at tiie public expense it received much severe criticism, Imt the poimlar view soon changed, and the experience of the city since that time shows the wisdom of the first step in that direction. In the matter of a water supply has Mr. Weston been of inestimable service to his fellow-citizens. In this important enterprise he took a leading part. No one realized more fully the great benefit whicli an adequate water sui)|ily would be. and few compre- hended as well the embarrassments connected with the undertaking. The question iiad been agitated considerably and various surveys had been made, and the people were divided upon different plans and theories. Popular notions fell far short of the full comprehension of the subject, and while he was sup- ported by many of the leading and most infiuential citi- zens it was a very difiicult matter to accomplish. Mr. Weston had made his own surveys and was thoroughly informed upon the whole subject, and engaged in the work with zeal and determination. The nece-- sary legislation having been obtained, he prepared and carried through the city government the appro- priate ordinances by which the enterprise took sha| e and the plan for placing the whole matter in the hands of a board of commissioners. To his foresight and intelligent view of this subject, and earnest devotion to carrying out and completing the scheme, the people of Manchester owe their most excellent water supply more than to any other infiu- euce, and it is a monument to his good name, more and more honorable as time proves the inestimable value of a pure and adequate supply of water to the people of our city. Mayor Weston was the first officer of the city to recommend the erecting of a .soldiers' m(mument, and, by his earnest advocacy, and finely-educated taste, was largely instrumental in deciding what style should be adopted, and bringing that worthy and patriotic enterprise to a successful completion. The noble shaft which now and ever will, we trust, com- memorate tlie glorious deeds and the fearful sacrifices of the soldiers from Mandiester in the War of the Rebellion, speaks a word as well for those who at- tempted, in a small measure, to show the high appreciation in which their gallant services are held. Frequent mention of Mr. Weston as a candidate for Governor had been made, and in 1871 he became the nominee of the Democratic party for that office. In the gubernatorial contest he was met by the de- termined effort of his opponents to defeat his election. He would have undoubtedly been elected by the peo- ple but tor the strategical movement of his adversary to iiave a third candidate in the fight. This scheme was partly successful, ])reventing an election by the people by only one hundred and thirteen votes, although Mr. Weston had a large plurality. He was elected Governor by the Legislature, and inaugurated on the 14th day of June, 1871. The Governor's administration was characterized by economy and the most conscientious observance of official honor and integrity. Even the most zealous partizan never questioned his faithful discharge of duty, and his official term closed with the highest MANCHESTER. 123 respect of the whole people. In 1872 the Republican party put in nuiuination their "great man," the Hon. E. A. Straw, agent of the Ainoskeiig Manufacturing Company, and placed their campaign upon the sup- posed issue between manufacturing interests and other branches of business in the country. Mr. Straw was elected, and again in 1873, but in 1874, Mr. Weston was the standard-bearer of the Democratic party and defeated the Republicans. Although he failed of election by the people, he received a large plurality, and was elected by the Legislature in June following. In every instance where Mr. Weston has been the candidate of his party for public office it lias been when his opponent started in the race with a major- ity and with numerous party advantages. Mr. Wes- ton has fought his campaigns against numbers and against i)restigc. He has contested the ground with opponents wlio were no mean adversaries, and his successes have been alike honoraljle to him and the party to which he belongs. During the years of his public life and since, Gover- nor Weston has kept apace with the times in the many enterprises and business projects of his vicinity and State, and has held many places of trust and impor- tance. In 1S71 he was appointed a memlier of the New Hampshire Centennial Commission, of which body he was chairman, and as such worked with great zeal and efficiency to promote the success of New Hampshire's exhibit. He was also made a member of the Centennial Board of Finance by Congress. He has been chairman of the Board of Water Com- missioners from its beginning. For several years he has been a member of the State Board of Health ; also treasurer of the Elliot Hospital cor|)oration, chairman of the "Trustees of tlie Cemetery Fund," treasurer of the Suncook Valley Railroad, treasurer of the Franklin Street Cliurch Society, one of the directors and clerk of the Manchester Horse Railroad corporation, president of the Locke Cattle Company; but his main business is the management of the Mer- chants' National Bank, of which he has been the president since its organization, and the (iuaranty SavingN-liank, of which he has been the treasurer aince its incorixiration. These two banks, altbongh not so old as their neighbors, are, nevertheUss, ci|Ually successful, and stand second to none in sound finan- cial reputation. Governor Weston is tlie president, and has actively been concerned in the management, of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company, devoting a large portion of his time to its ad'airs. (Jovernor Weston has been a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity since ISO], and has taken a dee|) interest in its prosperity. He has received all the grades, including the orders of knighthcio confi- dence and esteem wliiib bis brethren have for liim. In 1854 he married Miss Anna S. Gilmore, daughter of Mitchel S. (lilmore, Es(i., of Concord. They have five surviving children, — the eldest born, Herman, having deceased at the age of four and a half years; Grace Helen, born .Tuly 1, 1866; James Henry, July 17, 18CS; Edwin Bell, March 15, 1871; Annie Mabel, September 26, 1876 ; and Charles Albert, November 1, 1878. We find him surrounded by his family, living in his elegant and tastily-arranged home, blessed with all that life can afford. So far his journey has been suc- cessful and happy. Few shadows have crossed the way, and his course has been one of honor and dis- tinction. In the estimate of character the world is often led astray by looking at results and not observing the conditions under which they are gained. Accident often determines a whole life, — some unlooked-for and unmerited fortune builds castles for men, and, in spite of themselves, makes them noted. Not so with the subject of this sketch. His good fortune is the well-deserved result of sound business principles and their careful and systematic application to every undertaking. Governor Weston is not a man of impulse and sud- den conelusions. He is rather of the deliberate and cautious habits of thought and action, and inclined to the analysis and investigation of all matters in which he may be interested to an unusual degree. The natural counterpart of such characteristics — an abiding confidence and ilisposition to adhere tena- ciously to well-matured plans — is the leading feature of his mind. His achievements have been true suc- cesses, and he has never had occasion to take the "step backward " so common to men in public life. Better for the world and better for himself is he wlio builds slowly, but safely ! I'UINEHAS ADAMS. The first of the name of Adams to come to this country was Henry, who left Devonshire, England, about 1630, and settled in Braintree, Mass. He brought with him his eight sons, one of wIkuii, Joseph, was the ancestor of that branch of this illustrious family, which has been so |)ronii- nently connected with the civil and pcditical history of this country. The line of descent of the subject of this sketch was througli Ivlward'-, Jfdin'', Eleazer', John'', PhiiK'liiis", I'hinehas' to Phinehas", who was born in Meihvay, .Mass., .lime 20, 1S14. His grand- father and great-graiidfalln'r participated in the battle of Bunker Hill, and served through the Revo- lutionary War. He had three brothers and seven sisters. Three sisters only are now living, — Sarah .Vnn (born in 1816, the wii'e of E. B. Ilamniond, M.I)., of Na.sliua), Eliza P. (born in 1820, widow of the late Ira Stone) and Mary .lane (born in 1822, willow of the lat<' James Bnneber), — the others having dieij |iji(ir to Is.'ll. I'liineliiis" nnirried Sarah W. 124 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Barber, of Holliston, Mass., iu 1811. Her father was an Kiiglishnian, and came to America during the Revohitionary War, and married a lady who came from Edinburgh. Phinehas' was a farmer and a mechanic, and became an extensive manufacturer. At an early date he manufactured lirind-kmms, and at Waltham, Mass., iu 1814, started up successfully the first ;^oice)--looni in this county. In 1827 he became agent of the Neponset Manufacturing Company, at Walpole, in which he was also one of the principal owners. Phinehas" passed his boyhood in Mcdway and Wal- pole and attended the common schools, but showed little fondness for books. At the earne-st request of liis father, however, he applied himself more closely to his studies, and, attending the academy at Wren- thara, Mass., for a year and a half, made rapid and successful progress in his studies. At this time, ow- ing to the failure of the company of which his father was agent, he was obliged to leave the academy, re- linquishing the hope of a thorough education, and commence work. Circumstances seemed to direct him to the manufacturing business, and, with the de- termination to master the business in all its details, he, at the age of fifteen years, entered the large mills of the Merrimack Company, at Lowell, Mass., as bobbin-boy. Mr. Adams was early possessed of an ambition to become an overseer, and to this end labored hard and faithfully, never thinking, however, that he would become agent of a large mill. By his intelligent performance of the duties of his humble position he drew the attention of his emjiloyers, and was promoted in a short time to the i)osition of second overseer in the weaving department, a position he filled until 1831, when he went to fill a similar posi- tion at the Methuen Company's mill, of which his uncle was agent. Here he rcniainetl two years, when he was called to take the ])osition of overseer in the mills of the Ilooksett Manufacturing Company, of which his father was then the agent. From Hook- sett he went to Pittsfield as overseer in the mills of the Pittsfield Manufacturing Company, where he re- mained uutil March 7, 183.5, when he returned to Lowell as overseer in the mills where he began his career as manufacturer, and there remained until 1846, when he came to Manchester. ' In 1841, John Clark, the agent of the Merrimack Mills, in Lowell, proposed to Mr. Adams that he should enter the office as a clerk, in order to acciuaint himself with the book-keeping and general business of the mills preparatory to lilling a higher position, which Mr. Clark then predicted he would some day : be called upon to fill. After some hesitation he did so, and for a period of five years filled this respon.si- i ble position, which in those days was equivalent to tlie present jjosition of payma.ster. L'pon his arrival in Manchester he was given the position of agent of the Old Amoskeag Mills, then located on the present site of the P. C. Cheney Paper i Company. The building of the Amoskeag Mills was the beginning of Manchester's wonderful career of prosperity. Mr. Adams remained with the Amos- keag corporation until November 17, 1847, when he became the agent of the Stark Mills. Of the great manufactories of JManehester, that of the Stark Mills Company ranks third in magnitude and second in age, having been organized Sci>tember 26, 1838. Under the management of Mr. Adams, large suc- cess has been achieved by the Stark Mills, which suc- cess has been largely due to his sagacity and business integrity, and while, requiring faithful performance of duty on the part of each employe, he also had the confidence and esteem of each of them in an unusual degree. Mr. Adams traveled extensively through England, Scotland, Ireland and France, securing for the benefit of the Stark Mills information relating to the manufacture of linen goods and the securing of machinery necessary for that manufacture. In politics Mr. Adams was a Republican, but was not an active participant in political contests, nor was he from choice a candidate for political office, having only served as ward clerk, when a young man, in Lowell, and later as a Presidential elector for General Grant, and was also chief-of-statt' for Governor E. A. Straw. He was four years a director in the Concoril Railroad, was chosen one of the assistant engineers of the Manchester Fire Department, in which capac- ity he served with peculiar fidelity for twelve years, invariably acting for the best interests of the city. Mr. Adams was for many years closely identified with the financial institutions of Manchester, having served as a director in the Merrimack River Bank from 1857 to I860, and in the Manchester National Bank from I860 to 1883, and was also one of the board of trustees of the Manchester Savings-Bank, and one of its committee on loans. He was one of the directors of the Gas-Light Comi)any, a trustee of the Public Library, and in 1865 was elected one of the original directors of the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association. In numismatics Mr. Adams was quite an authority, and made a fine and very com]ilete collection of coins and medals, some of which are of great value, being very rare. During the administration of Colonel Adams, which covered a long series of years, many changes took place. In what may be called, more particularly, the manufac- turing world, was this true. Hand-power and crude methods of business gave place to water and steam- power and progressive, wide-reaching business con- nections. Colonel .\dams was the oldest agent, and held that position for a longer period than did any man in the Merrimack Valley, and of those holding similar positions thirty-five years ago nearly all have jiassed away. Septend)er 24, 1839, Colonel Adams married Eliza- beth, daughter of the late Deacon Samuel Simpson, of Deerfield, a veteran in the War of 1812. From this Union there were two children, — Elizabeth", liorn i K,,^ 4^n„,. MANCHESTER. 125 June 15, 1842, and Phinehas", born December 26, 1844, both in Lowell, Mass. September 10, 18(iS, Elizabeth'' was married to Col- onel Daniel C. Gould, of Manchester, X. H. Octo- ber 8, 1873, Pliinchas'-' married Anna P. Morrison, of Belfast, Me., and resides in Manchester, N. 11. In religion Colonel Adams was a Coiigregatioiialist, and a member of the First Congregational Church in Lowell, Mass., as was also his wife. On removing to Manchester, they transferred their church relations to the Franklin Street Cluirch of that city. Colonel Adams received many evidences of allectionate regard at the hands of the citizens of the places where he had lived, and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of his business associates to an extent rarely attained. On the thirty-second anniversary of his connection with the Stark Mills as agent he was presented by the directors of this corporation with an elegant gold watch, appropriately engraved, and a chain and seal, as an expression of great respect for his character and a high appreciation of the service rendered the corporation during a third of a century. Colonel Adams was a total abstinence man; he could truth- fully say that never in all his life bad lie made use of liquor or tobacco. Of a commanding presence and dignified bearing, he was at all times a gentleman. His life was a successful one and his example a good one. He died at his home in Manchester, July 25, 1883, beloved and respected. His wife died June 23, 1884. They had lived together nearly forty-five years. Jfl.SIAH CRO.SIiY, M.Il. In .\pril, 1753, from Tewksbury, Mass., there came with Colonel Fitch a millwright who had punliased seventy-seven acres of land upmi the Souhcgan River, in Motison (as then called), and afterwards Amherst, now Milford, N. II., the grand- father 111' .Josiah Crosby. These young people took posjtession of the lot "to subdue the forest, build a house and rear a family." They found their way to their wilderness lot on horsel>ack, guided by "s|iotted trees," and there built a rude liabitatioii. At this place was born, in 17IJ5, Asa Croslty, who for about fifty years practiced medicine in this State, and to whom, in Sandwich, wliere he then resided, was boru, in February, 1794, Josiaii Crosby, the subject of this skctcli, also Judge Nathan Crosby, of Lowell, and nixie, Tliomas and Alpheus Crosby, professors iit Dartmouth f'ollcge. .losiaii was handsome, genial and gentlemaidy. (piick to learn and early graceful in manners. He was started early for preparation for iiis father's profession. From the town school he was placed under the private instruction of Rev. Mr. Hidden, of Tamworth, and afterwards sent to Am- herst .\cademy. I [e took lessons in (tillbrd's system in pcnniansliip and became an elegant peiuiian, kept sihiiiil and taught private classes in peiiinanship, studiedhis j ro e-.-ii n with his lather, attended lec- tures three terms at Dartmouth College and spent a year's term of pupilage and riding with the distin- guished Dr. and Prolessor Nathan Smith, to learn his practice. He took his medical degree in 1810 and immediately commenced practice in Sandwich, but the next year he moved to Meredith Bridge, and although he made very pleasant acquaintances and had S(nnc i)ractice, he moved to Dcerfield, and in December, 1819, he again changed his field to Epsom, where he remained till 1825, when he established himself in Concord. After three years of success- ful practice there, he was induced, upon solicita- tion of Mr. Batchelder, agent of mills in Lowell, ■ to remove there. Here, in 1829, he brought as his bride, Olive Light Avery, daughter of Daniel Avery, Esq., of Meredith Bridge (now Lacouia, N. H.), who was a wealthy merchant and manufacturer, a prominent and lead- ing citizen, unostentatious, but energetic and decisive in personal character and business habits. By this marriage were born three sons and two daughters, the only one now living being Dr. George A. Crosby, of Manchester. His letters make quite a history of the trials and disappointments of the young physician of those days, who was obliged to present youth and inexperience upon ground pre- occupied and tenaciously held by those who could claim possession, if not much else, in the way of title; but increasing years and experience, accompanied with efforts and study, carried the young man to a leading member of the profession in Lowell, in fifteen years from his starting-point in Sandwich. He was honored with public ofliccs in Lowell, and assisted in devising and organizing the various institutions of the town for its moral and intellectual prosperity. After about five years' successful practice in Lowell, having passed through the land speculations and becoming somewhat enamored with manufacturing, he left Lowell to take charge of the Avery cotton- mill, at Meredith Bridge, Mr. Avery having deceased and the property of the family seeming to require his personal stipervision. He enlarged the power of the w(irks, and was just ready to reap his anticipated reward, when the mercantile and manufacturing dis- asters of 1.S30 and 1837 broke down his business and turned him back to his profession. In 1838 his brother Dixie, who had been in ])ractice at Meredith Bridge several years, was appointed a professor in the medical college at HauDVcr ami removed there, leav- ing his practice to Josiah, who now devoted himself to the profession again with his early love, zeal and labor. In March, 1844, he removeil to Manchester, which had llieii liecome an interesting manuladuring town. His profession.'d life-wnrk now assumed great use- fulness, great skill and inventive progress. Here for thirty years he was the unrivaled head of the [irofcs- sion. Here he originated and introduced the method of nniking extensions of fractured limbs by the use of adhesive strips, which gave him a high reputation 126 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. with surgeons in Europe as well iis at home, and later he invented the "invalid bed," which has so tenderly held the patient without a strain or jar while the bed- clothes could be changed or wounds cared for, or, by dropping a belt or two, [irevent painful local pressure and irritation. The skillful |ihysician, the Christian gentleman and sympathi/.ing friend were combina- tions of character in him rarely excelled. "His religious life," said Professor Tucker, of Andover, "was simple, real, true; with him there w^as no pre- tense; he had no beliefs except those which were thorough; no little questions vexed him; he loved God, trusted his Saviour and worked for the welfare of his fellow-men. Such was his record from first to last. He looked with a calm, clear eye into the ftiture, and, so far as we know, was troubled with no doubts." He was one of the founders of the Ap])leton Street Church in Lowell in 1830, and of the Franklin Street Church in Manchester in 1844. He held city offices, was several times in the Legislature and was a member of the convention for revision of the constitution. In early manhood, from cough and feebleness, he had not much promise of long life, but after a severe typhoid fever during his residence in Concord, he had great general good health to the hist two years of his life, when paralytic tendencies appeared. On Satur- day, the 2d day of January, 1875, after setting a broken arm in the morning, and after sitting in his own parlor for the finishing touches of the i>ortrait- paiiiter in his usual cheerfulness of spirits, in fifteen minutes after the artist had left him, at three o'clock P.M., he was stricken with paralysis, from which he did not rally, but passed away on the Tth, at four o'clock in the morning, almost eighty-one years of age. WILLIAM D. BUCK, M.D. William D. Buck was born in Williarastown, Vt., Marcli 2o, 1812, where his early boyhood was pitssed. In 1818 his parents moved to Lebanon, N. H., and he here enjoyed the advantages of the common schools of the time, and by the exercise of will-power and aided by his vigorous intellect he made rapid pro- gress in his studies. Not being able to take a col- legiate course, he, at an early period, went to Concord and engaged in the occupation of carriage-i)ainter with Downing <& Sons. While at work here he became interested in the science of music, and was for many succeeding years instructor, conductor and organist in the South Congregational Church, at Concord, and afterwards at the Hanover Street Church, at Manchester. He familiarized himself with standard writers and re- tained tlirough life his love for Handel, Beethoven and Mozart. His attention becoming drawn to the medical profession, he determined to fit himself for its practice, and by teaching music was enabled to de- fray the greater part of the expense of the study of medicine. He went into it with great enthusiasm, and his subsequent career showed his natural fitness fi r this profession. He commenced the study of medicine with Timothy Haines, M. D., of Concord; attended a course of lectures at Woodstock, Vt., and also took the course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York, where he graduated in 1842. He commenced the practice of his profession with the late Dr. Chad- bourne, in Concord, in 1842, and there remained for four years, when, desiring greater advantages of per- fecting his medical knowledge, he visited London and Paris, where he became acquainted with many dis- tinguished men in the profession and spent much time in the hospitals of those cities. He also visited Rome and Italy, gaining much information and making a favorable impression upon those with whom he came in contact. After an absence of one year In returned and made Manchester, N. H., his home, ami here, with the exception of one year spent in Cali- fornia, he lived until his death. Dr. Buck sustained an enviable reputation as :i physician and surgeon, and possessed the confideiu i of the community in which he lived, and was early regarded as one of the leading medical men of the State. He reached this high position in his profes- sion without the aid of wealth or social position. His success was due to hard study and close applica- tion to his business, accompanied by a zeal and devo- tion rarely surpassed. He was unmindful of riches, public honor or anything which he thought might interfere with the one great pursuit of his life. Dr. Buck possessed an active mind and the rare gift of a retentive memory, and was a thorough scholar. He seemed to know his own powers, and this gave him great influence over students in medicine. In his in- tercourse with his professional brethren Dr. Buck was always courteous and obliging, religiously regarding the rules of medical etiquette, and in his consultations he always gave the patient the benefit of his best skill and extensive practice. He made it a point of honor to be prompt to his engagements, and never was for one minute behind the api)ointed time. In his ex- ample and practice he honored the profession to which he had devoted the best years of his life, and did much to dignify and elevate the standard of medical edu- cation. Dr. Buck was a prominent member of the New Hampshire Medical Society, and was elected its pres- ident in 1800. His papers read before this society were always listened to with nuirked attention. For twenty years he had a large experience in teaching medicine, proving himself devoted and faith- ful as an instructor. His office or the dissecting- room were uncomfortable places for lazy students, and he had little i)aticnce with a young man who would not work his brains. During the winter months his daily recitations were at eight o'clock x.ii., and woe to the young man who was not on time. /hu^X?3^^y^ m, ■^|n. W-" ^yCt^ ^^/h^^ MANCHESTER. 127 Dr. Buck was frequently called as a medical expert in many •>(' the most imp, was original with him, and a favorite rennirk of his was that "a man should carry his splint-sin his head rather than under his arm." Jn his success in medicine and surgery very much was undoubtedly due to his conservative treatment. He was never rash or inconsiderate in his practice, and the community where his busy life was passed owe him a debt of gratitude, not only for his skill, but for his careful use of drug.s, and his influence in this particular over his professional brethren will not be forgotten. He was positive and firm in his judgment, and was not readily swayeil by those holding dillirent 0|>inions. Yet he was genial, comjianionable and very fond of society. To those most intimate with him Dr. Buck had endeared himself by strong ties of friendship. In politics he was a Republican. Dr. Buck lived a consistent Christian life, and had that ho|ie of a happy immortality and that trust in his Saviour wlilch served as an anchor to the s(ml sure and steadfast. He died January 9, 1872, sud- denly, and in the midst of an active i)ractice. Dr. Buck was twice married, — first, to Grace Low, of Concord, who died in ISotJ. In 1860 ho married, sec- ond, Mary \V. Nichols, of Manchester, who is now liviuL'. He left no cliildren. I'll. CIIAHI.KS WKI.I.S.' The subject of this sketch was born at West- minster, Vt., on the 22d day of June, 1817. His lather, Horace Wells, a prosperous, intelligent and iiigbly respected farmer, was born in Wind.sor, ' "un., .Tunc 22, 177<). Alter his marriage to Miss Betsy Heath, of Warehouse Point, Conn., he removed > Kv Hon. Ilinrlos H. Bartlolt. to Vermont, and died at Bellows Falls, in that State, April 5, 1829. His mother afterwards remarried, and died at Westmoreland, N. H., February 21, 1879. His grandfather. Captain Hezekiah Wells, was born in Windsor, Conn., June 25. 1730. He served with distinction in the Revolutionary War and was a man of much influence and widely esteemed. He died March S, 1817. The homestead, which he erected nearly a century and a half ago, is still in the posses- sion of his descendants. His grandmother's maiden-name was Sarah Trum- bull. His more remote ancestors were Lamsou Wells, born November 7, 1706; Joshua Wells, born April 10, 1672 ; and .Joshua, Sr., born in 1647. They were all natives of Windsor, and no tem]>tation could ever lure them from their ancestral home. It will thus be seen that Dr. Wells traced his lineage through the best of New England ancestry, and no purer blood has descended from the Pilgrim Fathers to ennoble a people than that which flowed in his veins. Dirt'erent branches of the Wells family, in this country and in Europe, have varied the orthography of the name to suit their individual tastes or circum- stances, and few of the old colonial family names show such varied orthography, but the consanguinity is easily traced, and few men could claim kinship with a brighter gala.xy of names, distinguished in law, in politics, in science, in theology and in all the fields of literature and art, than he. Dr. Wells had but one brother, the late Dr. Horace Wells, of Hartford, Conn., widely and justly celebrated its the author of modern ana'sthesia, to whose memory a beautiful statue has been erected in the public i)ark of that city. He died in the city of New York, on the 24th day of January, 1848, at the early age of thirty-three, while pros- ecuting the introduction of his discovery into general use in surgery, as well as in dentistry, in which he made its first application. His early and untimely death, while his wonderful discov- ery was yet a matter of uncertain and undeter- mined im])Ortance, deprived him and his family of the fruits which might otherwise have flowed from what is now universally conceded to be the greatest boon conferred upon suflering humanity in all the course of time. His only sister, Mary E. W. Cole, widow of the late Captain .John Cole, a mitive of Westmoreland, N. 11., but many years a resident of Medway, Mass., now resides in Chicago, III., with her only son, Arthur W. Cole, a promising young architect of that city. Dr. Wells received, in his early ytnith, all the edu- cational advantages aflbrded by the public schools at liellows Falls, Vt.. to which place his father removed during his infancy, and here he died .Vjiril !'), 1829. After his fiithcr's death he received not only the ten- der and watchful care of one of the best of mothers, but also the liberal and intelligent training of a woman as remarkable for her intelligence and large- mindedness as for herdoniestiiand maternal i|ualitie8. 128 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. He further prosecuted his studies under the private tuition of a most excellent teacher, Mr. Ballard, of Hopkinton, N. H., and at the academies in Walpole, N. H., and Amherst, Mass. After the coniplotion of his academic course he en- tered with cnthusiiism upon the study '<{ medicine, a profession for which by nature he was most admirably fitted. He commenced his professional studies with Dr. Josiah ( iiavcs, of Nashua, X. H., January 22, IS.')?, and graduated at the Jclferson Medical College, in Phila- delphia, Jlarch 0, 1S4(J, at the early age of twenty-one. He immediately commenced his professional career at Chili, N. Y., in copartnership with Dr. Lucius Clark ; but the field of practice proving unsatisfactory to him, he removed to Manchester, N. H., in 1842, where he continued his residence till his death. His professional career was highly honorable and eminently successful. Xever a bold and aggressive practitioner, but always content with the share of patronage that fell to his lot, he enjoyed, in a high degree, the confidence and respect of his professional brethren, and never had reason to complain of any want of recognition of his merits by the people among whom he lived, and who early honoretl him with their confidence and their patronage. Such was his pro- fessional success, and such his rare financial skill and judgment, that while in the prime and vigor of his manhood he found himself so fortunately circum- \ stanccd, financially, as to be relieved of the burden of further professional labor, and several years prior to his decease he quietly withdrew from active practice, and devoted the last years of his life to the manage- ment of his estate, and to those social enjoyments and domestic duties and responsibilities which to him were ever the source of his highest enjoyment and his greatest hap])iness. Dr. Wells was married to Miss Mary M. Smith, December 21, 1847, — a union which proved remarkably felicitous to both parties. The widow survives her lamented husband, who made most generous pro- vision for her future wants. No children blessed their union. For more than forty years Dr. AVells was an earnest and enthusiastic member of the Hillsborough Lodge of Odd-Fellows, being one of the charter members of the lodge and the last survivor of that little band who introduced the order in this State. He received all the honors the order could bestow upon him, and ever gave a willing hand and a generous and sym- pathetic heart to its benevolent and charitable work. Utterly devoid of all political ambition, he took but little part in public afl'airs, never seeking, but always declining, official preferment. His only service in this direction was as a member of the Common Council in 1847— is, and as an alderman in 1848-49. He assisted in making the first city report, and the plan suggested and matured by him has been in use ever since. He was a member of Grace Church (Episcopal), and many years a vestryman and trea- surer. Dr. Wells was not an ambitious man. He neither sought nor desired public applause. Self-ghirification and aggrandizement were utterly abhorrent to every element of his nature. The ostentatious show of wealth not only had no attractions for him, but for it he had the most supreme contempt, and the seeker after transient notoriety and ephemeral applau><- found no favor in his sight. Solid merit and wonli alone weighed with him, and no man was ijuicker ii. discover the true and the genuine or more prr names of its own creation and outgrowth. "The history of words," says Trench, "is the his- tory of ideas," and he might have said of people and nations. They are not only the " vehicle of thought," but they tell anew the story of their times and enrich the great body of history with countless incidents of value and importance. In studying their genealogy, the English-speaking people find the starting-point of many an illustrious name in the peculiar circum- stances of those media'val times, — the natural product of the mingling of ditierent tongues, and the constant struggle between feudalism and servitude. The famous old manor-house, Cumnor Castle, so celebrated in romance, once enjoyed the rent-fee and service of a large body of retainers, and carried for many a year, by reason of its feudal allotments, a numerous vassalage. Its walls have long since fallen into shapeless ruins, but the lands of its tenantry now embrace the beautiful village of Cumner. The fanulies bearing this name have not been numerous in England, but have maintained their lineage with remarkable directness The earliest trace of these people shows that they belonged to the industrial clas-ses, — the guilds-peo|ile, who, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, had attained such prominence Its to nearly control the business interests of the great inetro|)olis, and to whom the Lord Mayor of London was pleased to say, on a memorable occasion, " While our gracious nobility arc the leaf and (lower of (he kingdom, ye are the sturdy trunk and branclus." The subject of this sketch belongs to the third gene- ration in America. His grandfather, Robert Francis Cumner, came to this country when about fifteen years of age, under circumstaiues of a very interesting character. In .lune, 1774, while walking in thestreets of London, he was seized by a " gang of pressmen " from the ship "Somerset," sent out to recruit hig Majesty's marine He was carried directly on board, 130 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. forceii to become one of the crew, mikI do the duty of il common sailor. He was not allowed the privilege of communicatinj; with his friends, and no tidings from him or knowledge of his situation were received during the long cruise of the '■ Somerset " in distant waters, until she appeared in Boston Harbor and took part in the battle of Bunker Hill. Her position and the service she rendered the British troops on that memorable day are well-known in history. From her decks came the first fatal shot, and under the fii'e of her guns the broken and retreating ranks of Royalists found protection. The scenes of that bloody struggle made a deep impression upon the mind of young Cumner, and fixed his determination to take no part in the work of subjugation. Circumstances fortunately soon favored his settled purj)ose. The " Somerset " not long after the battle "got aground," probably somewhere in the lower part of Massachusetts Bay. During their efforts to get afloat, some of the crew went ashore, among them the Cumner boy, who immediately availed him- self of the opportunity to escape from his unwilling Service. While following the highway into which he first came, near the shore where lay the stranded " Somerset," he was overtaken by a Quaker on horse- back, who, learning his situation and purpose to obtain his freedom from the " British yoke," invited ouryoung hero to " get up behind," and, throwing his gray cloak over the lad, soon carried him beyond the King's power. He settled in Wareham, Mass., learned the tailor's trade and began the permanent business of his life. October 20, 1785, he married Miss Sylvia Sturtevant, whose family connections were very worthy and highly respected. Her father was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, and fell on the battle-field fighting for independence. The Sturtevant people have received honorable mention in the annals of history, and their name is written among those who deserve well of their country. Not long after his marriage he moved to Sandwich, Ma.ss., from that i)Lice to Wayne, in the State of Maine, where he resided during the remainder of his life. He was successful in business and became a prominent and highly respected citizen. He was a man of modest and retiring habits and e.^emplary character, but of indomitable will and inflexible ad- herence to what he believed to be right. If his wife were the subject of our sketch, we could fill it with incidents showing his remarkable tenacity of purpose. Robert Francis and Sylvia Cumner had two children, — John, born January 19, 1788, and Polly, a few years younger. He died February 5, 1825, and his wife, March 26, 1826, and their remains were interred in the Evergreen Cemetery, in Wayne. John Cuniner was but a few months old when the family moved from Sandwich, Mass., to Wayne. He was of a sanguine, active nature and early evinced the character of a sincere and zealous worker in reli- gious matters. He obtained a fair education, and although to a certain extent compelled to work on the farm and devote himself to that kind of employment, his thoughts ran u]ion matters more congenial to his nature. When about eighteen years of age he was employed by General I^andsell to take charge of his farm in Bridgewater, Mass., where he remained several summer seiisons. During this time he became ac- quainted with Miss Hannah Thomas Bartlett, of Bridgewater, whom he married July 11, 1813. He settled in Wayne, upon the farm which became the homestead, and was so occupied by the family dur- ing his many years of labor and life in the ministry. He was associated with the society of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, and interested in the afTairs of that denomination at the early age of nineteen years, and soon after appointed a class* leader and licensed to preach. His labons were attended with marked success, and at the annual meeting of the General Con- ference for Maine, in 1833, he was admitted to mem- bership and received his first appointment. He con- tinued in the active ministry until 1852, when failing health obliged him to cease labor; but his love for the church and his zeal in the cause of its established creeds continued unabatedduring his remaining years. He died February 5, 1861, closing a life of industry and devotion, in which he had accomplished more good than usually falls to the lot of man. His wife died December 5, 1852. She was very beautiful when young, and was much beloved and admired by her wide circle of friends. Possessed of an earnest and devotional nature, she entered with ardent sympathy into the plans and labors of her husband, faithfully bearing her share of life's varied duties, — firmly in the hour of trial, and with amiable companion.ship when prosperity filled the moasureof their ambition. They had eleven children, two of whom died in infancy. Three others, have deceased, — Maryetta in 1871, and Francis and James in 1881. The remaining members of the family are Cathamander, William B., John T., Nathaniel W., Charles W. and Benjamin G. Cumner. N.athaniel Wentworth, the youngest but two of the children of John and Hannah T. Cumner, was born at Wayne, November 28, 1829. His early life was devoted to obtaining an education in the vicinity of his home, passing from the district to the private school in the town of Wayne, and to other schools and seminaries in the circuit where his father's ap- pointments were made. During some portion of the sea.son, for a few years, he assisted the older brothers in cultivating the homestead farm, but at the age of sixteen he went to Wilton, Me., and engaged in learn- ing the tailor's trade. He remained thereabout three years; then went to Waltham, Miiss., staying there about one year and a half; then to Lowell, Mass., where he remained until 1851, when he came to Man- chester, N. H., and entered the employ of B. F. Man- ning, then doing business in the store occupied in later years by the firm of Cumner & Co. In January, 1854, Mr. Cumner became a partner in the business of merchant tailors and clothiers, the MANCHESTER. 131 firm-name being Manning & Cumner. This arrange- ment continued until August, 1857. Mr. Cumner then withdrew and went to Washington, D. C, as a member of the firm of F. Tenney & Co., proprietors of tlie National Hotel. In August, 185i), he returned to Manchester and pureliased the stoclv and " good will " of the Manning store, and entered at once into business, in which lie continued as the sole pro- prietor until 1865, when his brother, Benjamin G. Cumner, became associated with him, forming the copartnership of Cumner & Co. At this time Mr. Cumner became also a member of the well-known wholesale bouse of Sibley, Cumner & Co., in Boston, having purchased an interest in the old house of Foster & Sibley, and devoted his attention largely to the wholesale trade. In 1868, Lyman E. Sibley re- tired, and Mr. Cumner hecanie the senior member, the name of the firm remaining tlie same. In the great fire of November 9, 1872, their estab- lishment was among the first to be burned, and the firm suffered a total loss of their immense stock ; but their credit was so strong, and their energy and ability 80 widely recognized, that their business received no check, and the transactions of the house proceeded even upon a more extensive scale than before. In 1879 the firm became Cumner, Jones & Co., which is the present style of the business. In 1881 he sold his interest in the business of Cumner & Co. in Man- chester, which had enjoyed unvarying success and great jirosperity from the beginning, and from that time devoted himself entirely to the Boston house. The business had so largely increased that it became necessary to give it his constant personal attention. The reputation of Cumner, Jones & Co. in commer- cial circles hits become widely known, and its remarkable success an acknowledged fact. He was one of the founders of tlie Boston Merchants' Asso- ciation in 1880, and has for some time been one of its board of directors. Tlie importance of this organi- zation to the great commercial interests of Boston is widely known. Mr. Cumner has been eminently successful asabusi- ness man. Possessing in a large degree self-reliance and confirleiice in his own judgment, he selected an honorable calling and devoted himself to its duties and demands. He believed that industry and perse- verance, with well-matured plans, were certain to produce the most desirable results. He knew the energy and fidelity of his own character, and trusted to the safety of sound principle, and lie has proved that his plans were wisely laid and his ways well chosen. At a comparatively early age hehas acquired a competence, and in his position of senior member of one of tlie soundest and most prosperous, and were con- ferred upon him in Trinity Conimandery, Knights Templar. In all these subordinate bodies he sus- taineil an ardent and zealous membership, contribut- ing freely to their support and aiding materially in 132 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. their prosperity. In 1862 he was admitted to the degree of High Priesthood, and in 1863 received the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Kite to the thirty-second, inclusive, in Boston, and in September, 1881, was elected to the thirty- third and last grade in Masonry. In the Grand Masonic bodies of New Ham])shire he has been equally prominent, and his earnest labors and sincere devotion to their inter- ests have been recognized and appreciated. After holding several offices in the M. E. Grand Eoyal Arch Chapter of New Hampshire, he was elected Grand High Priest in 1867 and 1808, and gave eminent satisfaction by his management of afl'airs. In the (xrand Lodge of New Hampshire he held nearly all the subordinate positions, and was elected Most Worshipful Grand Master in 1872, 1873 and 1874. As the presiding officer in these grand bodies, whose duties are mostly legislative, he commanded the respect of the fraternity for fairness and impartiality, and was highly esteemed for his graceful and courte- ous bearing. His addresses and official jiapers were regarded as sound and creditable documents by the fraternity in other jurisdictions. If Mr. Cumner has been prosperous and successful in other departments of life, he has been remarkably happy and fortunate in his family and social relations. He married Miss Harriet Elizal)eth Wadley, daughter of Moses D. Wadley. of Bradford, N. IL, January 24, 1856. They have two sons, — Harry Wadley Cumner, born July 18, 1860, and Arthur Bartlett Cumner, born July 30, 1871. Harry Wadley graduated from the Manchester High School in 1870, with high standing in his class and the rejHitation of a faithful and efficient student. He entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Boston, in 1879, as a special student, remaining two years. In 1881 he engaged in mercan- tile life, and having integrity and the capacity to make the best use of his privileges and attainments, he has certainly the earnest of a prosperous and hon- orable life. In October, 1884, he married Miss Nellie B. Pope, daughter of Edwin Pope, Esq., of Boston, where he has permanently located in business. Arthur Bartlett, a bright and beautiful boy of uncom- mon intelligence, ha.s yet to climb the nathwav of youth; but if aught can be predicted from such tender years, he is not likely to disappoint the fond hopes of parents and friends. In the common judgment of mankind, woman re- ceives very little credit for the success of man in the struggles and achievements of this life. The intuitive judgment and unfaltering support with which the faithful and devoted wife aids her husband are unseen influences, the force and importance of which never have been and probably never will be understood or appreciated; and although the remarkable success which the subject of this sketch ha.s gained may be attributed to his ability and integrity, still the high social position to wliich the family have attained and the important and very creditable purposes which they have accomplished are equally due to the clear and well-traineruary 9, 1838. Allen N. Olapp was born in Marlborough, N. H., January 2, 1837. His father having died soon atlcr, his mother removed to Nashua, and here young Clapp received the rudiments of his education. He also attended the High School, and .subsequently passed one year at the Mctiaw Institute, in Merrimack. When about nineteen years of age he came to Manchester as clerk in the employ of Ira I'arr, with whom he re- mained in that position until 1860. He then formed a copartnership with Mr. Barr, under the firm-name of Barr & Clapp, in the mercantile business. This business was continuep is the New Ilampsliire agent for the Stand- ard Oil Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, and his sales are extensive. Mr. Clajip was elected alderman in ^/Z^. It. (V.vc i fj^yi^ <^^^< MANCHESTEK. 133 ISOl and 18G2, and represented Ward Seven in the Legislature in 1874 and 1875. At his first election an flf'ort was made to unseat him, but without success. I'olitically, he is a Rei>ul)licaii, and attends Hanover .Street Congregational Ciiurcii. Jlr. t'lapp is one of Maneiiester's UKtst active and inHiiential business men, and has done niucli to advance the interests of tiiis section (West Manchester) of the city. May 20, 18G3, Mr. Clapp united in marriage with .losie M. Mason, a native of Sullivan, N. H., and their family has consisted of two children, .\nnie M. and Freildie. The latter died in infancy. .lOHX C. FREXCH. John t". French, one of the leading business men of Manchester, was born in Pittsfield, N. H., March 1, 1S32. He came of sturdy New England stock, his grandfather being .Vbram Krciich, a carpenter and builder, who completed the interior of the first meeting-house in Pittsiield, and also the iiarsonage iiiiilding for Kev. Christopher Paige, steptather of the "beautiful Crace Fletcher," the first wife of Daniel Webster. Abram French bought the farm of Kev. Christopher Paige, known as the French homestead. Enoch, the eldest son of Abram French, wiio mar- ried, in 1823, Eliza Cate, of Epsom, a most estimable woman, was the father of five children, the subject of this sketch being the only survivor. His boyhood was passed upon one of the rocky farms of Pittsfield, where his oiiportunities for obtaining an education were very limited. He attended the common schools of bis native town, and by teaching winters and working on a farm summers he secured means which enabled him to attend several terms at the academies at I'ittsfield, (Jilmaiiton and Pembroke. Here be succeeded in ac(iuiring an education which well qualified iiim for his subsequent successful business career. At the age of twenty-one hi' entered the employ of J. H. Colton & Co., the well-known jjublishers, jia salesman for their mnunted m;tps. He soon developed a remarkable al)ility as a solicitor, and his executive ability, combined with his rare tact in dealing with such a variety of persons, attracted the attention of his employers, who rewarded him by giving him, a year later, the Boston agency for "Colton's .\tlas of the World." The success which he attained with the nnips liiljowed him in this also, selling, as he did, more than twelve hundred copies of this expensive wtirk. In l.S.'j.J ho wa.s appointcil by this house their general agent for New England, and subscipiently gave considerable attention to tile introduction of Colton's series of geographies into the public schools. He was also subseiiucntly a.ssociated with Itrown, Taggarl i^- Co. and ( 'liarles Scribner & Co. in bring- ing out their scliool publications. In May, l.Sti."), he was appointed Stale agent for the Connecticut Miilnal Life Insurance Com|iaiiy. He then located in Manchester, where he has since ' resided, although he still retains possession of the delightful old homestead in Pittsfield, where he first saw the light of day. Three years later, having become interested in the insurance interests of the State, he conceived the idea of establishing a stock fire insurance company, and by untiring persistency and a zeal characteristic of the man, he succeeded in overcoming the almost uni- versal prejudice existing against such an organization, enlisted in its support some of Manchester's most prominent citizens, secured a charter- and a capital stock and began the business, which under his ener- getic and prudent management has since grown to great proportions, its cajjital having been increased from one hundred thousand dollars to five hundred thousand dollars, and its ciish assets to over one million dollars, while it enjoys a national re|)Utation for e.xcellent management and financial success. Notwithstanding he has been engrossed in the management of a large business in Manchester, he has ever manifested a lively interest in his native town, and when the project fi)r building a railroad which would promote its growth and pros])erity took shape, he gave himself heartily to the support of the enterprise, and it wa-; largely through his etibrts that the three hundred and fifty thousand dollars neces- sary to build the Suncook Valley road was secured by subscriptions to the capital stock and gratuities from the towns along the line. As one method of helping this work to a successful com|)letion, he estab- lished the SiiiK-iiiiL- Valleij Timrx at Pittsfield, and for two years contributed regularly to its columns a series of historical and biographical articles which attracted much attention in the locality and were widely copied and read elsewhere. He also at one time published and edited at Manchester a journal devoted to insur- ance interests, and has established a reputation as a vigorous, versatile and popular writer. He is deeply interested in the literature of his native State, and probably no man has so thorough a knowledge of its resources, industries and local history. He is a mem- ber of Trinity Comniandery, Knights Templar, and a director in the Merchants' National Hank. He attcnils the Franklin Street Church. In 18o8 he united in marriage with Annie M., daughter of L. B. Philbrick, Esq., of Deerfield, and their family consists of three children, — Lizzie \., Susie P. and George .\bram. Mr. French is a genial companion, a stanch friend and a man who wins and holils the good opinion of his fellow-citizuus. CHAlll.HS i:. it.vi.cn. There is no prouiler or more enduring personal recor8eiice here to-tlay of S4» great a number and of such varied repre- sentAtivos of all classes manifests the depth and tenderness of tbe sor- row which this death hjis caused. There must have been something in this man, in his nature and his ways with bis fellow-men, that accounts for this profound feeling, which, to such an unusual degree has come to this city. Doubtless there is that in the outwani history of this man which has strtuigly moved us. Here was one who, as a young man of eighteen years of age, came into this place, putting his best life into the young, vigorous city, growing up through its successive stages of growth, sharing at last, as the fruits of his keen foresight and splendid industry, in its great pros|)erity, — and yet in the fulness of his malurwi strength, '[rPnyu ^-^ -^^^^^^^^^^^^ MANCHESTER. 135 aoil ill the fulfillt>4l promise or hin iinleut hopes iind (uruful plunuiug, ■il vvo Itxik arouDni his brave activities and keen enjoynienls in the very prime of his life mtist account for this wide and tender interest whieli his death has awakenetl. There ia a resi>ect, an adinimtion, a strong afTertion surging In our heails which only certain most noble i|ualities in Mr. Italch could call out from us. lie was a man who, through moretha[i thirty years, has be«n conspicnotis in the business life of this community. He carried Into all the many activities which had engiiged him some <)uite remarka. bl« powers which were the conditions of hia sncceaj. He was industri- ona, patient, foreseeing, wise in judgment, swift in e.xecution, tireless in application, faithful in every business service. But, far lietter than this, to these splenilidly-i-t|uipped pfiwers he Joined a most sjigaeious and con- acietitious regard for true principles which utiderlie all tilialuial success. He won prosjwrity for the iustilutions he served and for himself by a pereistent conformance to those ways of doing business which all the ex- perience of the iM«t and the sadder experience of the present show to be alone sound in principle and truly enduring in results. He has been, and will continue to be, a fine example, to the young men of this city, of an honorable, successful man. And in all the prosi-cution of his liusinefls enterprises, and in all the perfi^ruuince of his private and pub- lic trusts, he has always shown himself to be honest and trutliful in every respect. No word has ever reached my ear, and I doubt if any other's, which, oven out of malice or uncharitJib]ones.s, could nuir the character of this man, as one most just and upright in all his business life. But the circle of business enterprise, however filled by his time and fnergiiw, did not completely hold him. ".Mr. Balch was a man of public spirit. He was deeply interested in >tl that lierlaiucd to the prosi>erity an