PL 
 
 3933 
 
 S3 
 
 1911 
 
 MAIN 
 
 UCB 
 

 
 
 1 
 
 
 I 
 
MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIEQ 
 
 Burmese SelNTaugt\t 
 
 (IN BURMESE AND ROMAN CHARACTERS) 
 WITH 
 
 PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 (THIMM'S SYSTEM.) 
 
 BY 
 
 R. F. St. A. St. JOHN, Hon. M.A. (Oxon.), 
 
 Author of " A Burmese Reader." 
 Sometime Lecturer on Burmese, Universities of Oxford and Cambridge) 
 
 Printed and Made in Great Britain 
 
 E. Marlborough & Co. Ltd., 49a & 51-53, Old Bailey, 
 LondoH) »E.C4 ,,, 
 
 [all i^IOHTs KESfcP.VE2>,^ 
 
"] 
 
 LETCHWORTH 
 
 THE GARDEN CITY PRESS LTD., 
 
 PRINTERS. 
 
 Second Impression 
 1936 
 
 CARp-rsiTIER 
 
" P/.3T33 
 
 ^3 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 1^ 
 
 ''PHIS manual of Burmese is designed to serve the doubk 
 J- purpose of a text-book for students, missionaries, officers, 
 civil servants, etc., and a handbook for tourists, travellers, 
 and other temporary visitors to Burma. 
 
 For those whom the pleasures of travel or the calls of trade 
 and commerce bring into touch with native Burmans, a very 
 extensive and comprehensive vocabulary of necessary and useful 
 words is supplied — nouns, verbs, adjectives and other parts of 
 speech — together with corresponding collections of colloquial 
 phrases and sentences of an equally practical and useful 
 character. These are all classified under subject-titles for easy 
 reference, and the phonetic pronunciation of the Burmese words 
 is added in a third column, in accordance with Marlborough's 
 popular phonetic system. Thus, a tourist, traveller, or trader, 
 with no previous knowledge of the language, can readily make 
 himself understood amongst the Burmese by means of this 
 volume. 
 
 On the other hand, the opening section, pp. 9-23, and the 
 outline of Grammar, pp. 107-126, will meet the additional 
 needs of students and all who desire a closer acquaintance with 
 the language. 
 
 The method of presenting the English words and sentences, 
 the Burmese equivalents, and the phonetic pronunciation of the 
 Burmese words, side by side, will not only enable the book to 
 be used by stray visitors to the country, but assist those who 
 intend to make Burma their ^bere of work and enable them 
 to learn the language in the only way in which it ought to be 
 learned. 
 
 The underlying idea of the system of phonetics employed is 
 that each sound in the Burmese language is represented as far as 
 possible by a separate phonetic sign, and consequently each sign 
 (letter or combination of letters) must always be pronounced in 
 the same manner. 
 
 A few of these signs are necessarily of a more or less 
 arbitrary character, and the introduction of the tone or accent 
 marks adds a certain amount of strangeness to them. The 
 
 ivii.B5iJo3 
 
student will do well therefore to read the scheme of phonetics 
 with great care, this being the key to the correct pronuncia- 
 tion of the Burmese, as represented in the third column of 
 the Vocabularies and Conversations. 
 
 Burmese, or, as the people of Burma call it, Myanma 
 hbdtha (the language of the Myanma), is the speech of a 
 considerable and powerful tribe, closely connected with the 
 Tibetans, which, prior to A.D. 1000, over-ran the valley of the 
 Irrawaddy Eiver, and adopted Buddhism and the alphabet of 
 its sacred books — which were written in Pali, an alphabet 
 founded on the ancient characters of India. [The Burmese call 
 themselves Ba/aiia/i, and this word has nothing to do, as some 
 suppose, with Brahman, which word exists in Burmese as 
 Byahma/maA. It is a natural corruption of Mra/mma/i. The 
 original name of the tribe was MraAn, which in Pali became 
 Mra/mmoA, plural MraAnma/i — pronounced quickly BaAma^.] 
 
 The language is monosyllabic and agglutinative, having neither 
 conjugation nor declension ; so that, in almost every instance, 
 its composite words can be taken to pieces and the power of 
 each part clearly shown. At the outset it would seem that it 
 consisted of monosyllabic roots which denoted either a sub- 
 stance or an act, such as dog, iron, fire, stone, do, run, stop. 
 From the verbal root came a verbal noun, which was formed 
 by prefixing " a " {&h) to the verb root ; simple verb roots were 
 used to denote case, mood, tense, and also other parts of speech. 
 
 As Burmese has adopted words from the Pali language, all 
 the letters of the alphabet are in use, but for pure Burmese 
 words those classified as cerebral, and one or two others, are 
 not used. 
 
 The Author is indebted to Mr. Po Han, B.A., a native of 
 Burma, for valuable assistance in reading the proofs of the 
 work, and has himself spared no pains to make it thoroughly 
 accurate and reliable, and capable of proving a practical guide 
 to the spoken tongue, and a valuable introduction to the study 
 and mastery of the language. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 "A Glimpse OF Burma " 7 
 
 Thk Alphabet and Pronunciation 9 
 
 Preliminary Notes .„ 23 
 
 Vocabularies : — 
 
 Animals, Vegetables, Minerals, etc. : 
 
 Animals, Birds, and Fishes ^ 29 
 
 Fruits, Trees, Flowers, and Vegetables 83 
 
 Minerals and Metals 28 
 
 Reptiles and Insects 32 
 
 Colours 36 
 
 Commercial Terms 68 
 
 Correspondence 70 
 
 Countries and Nations ... 64 
 
 Cooking and Table Utensils 52 
 
 Government Departments 76 
 
 House and Furniture, The ... 66 
 
 Legal Terms ... 65 
 
 Mankind: Relations 41 
 
 Dress and the Toilet 63 
 
 Food and Drink 49 
 
 Health 47 
 
 Human Body, The 43 
 
 Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, etc. 46 
 
 Military Terms 71 
 
 Musical Instruments 61 
 
 Numbers : Cardinal, Numeral Auxiliaries, Ordinal, Collective and 
 
 Fractional, etc 78-83 
 
 Parts of Speech : — 
 
 Adjectives 83 
 
 Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepositions 100 
 
 Verbs 89 
 
 Auxiliary or Modifying Verbs 97 
 
 Examples (of Auxiliary Verbs) 99 
 
 Professions and Trades ... 69 
 
 Religion 73 
 
 Society and Government 76 
 
 Times and Seasons 36 
 
 Town, Country, and Agriculture 89 
 
 Travelling 61 
 
 World, The, and its Elements 25 
 
 Land and Water 26 
 
6 
 
 Outlines op Burmese Grammar: — pagk 
 
 The Adjective 113 
 
 The Adverb 122 
 
 Affixes, Closing 121 
 
 „ Continuative 119 
 
 „ Euphonic 120 
 
 Auxiliary Verbs, A fev7 common 122 
 
 The Construction of Burmese Sentences 123 
 
 Illustration of the Construction and Pronunciation of Burmese... 124 
 
 The Honorific Form 119 
 
 The Interrogative 117 
 
 The Negative, Use of 117 
 
 The Noun 107 
 
 Oratio Obliqua ... ... 118 
 
 Polite Modes of Address ... 126 
 
 The Pronoun 110 
 
 The Verb 115 
 
 Model of 122 
 
 „ Substantive 119 
 
 „ used as a Noun 121 
 
 Conversational Phrases and Sentences: — 
 
 Correspondence, Post, Telegraph, and Telephone 140 
 
 Health 133 
 
 Idiomatic Expressions 127 
 
 Meals 132 
 
 Planting 154 
 
 Post 140 
 
 Public Works 150 
 
 Shopping 145 
 
 Shooting and Pishing 146 
 
 Telegraph 140 
 
 Telephone 140 
 
 Time 136 
 
 Times, Seasons, and Weather 138 
 
 Town, In 143 
 
 Travelling : 
 
 Arrival in the Country 155 
 
 Railway ... 159 
 
 Useful and Necessary Expressions 127 
 
 Burmese Handwriting : — The Lord's Prayer in Burmese 163 
 
 The Romanized form with the English words interlined 164 
 
 Money 165 
 
 Woights 166 
 
 Measures of Length 167 
 
 ,, ,, Capacity 167 
 
 Square Measure 168 
 
 Measures of Time 168 
 
"A GLIMPSE OF BURMA" 
 
 \ Extracted from an article by Dr. Francis E. Clark in the Christian World 
 of February 3rd, 1910, by kind permission of the Editor.^ 
 
 IT is not too much to say that Burma contains more of 
 interest than any equal section of the Indian Empire. 
 
 Many people think of Burma as a part of India, and the 
 Burmese as Indians, but they are no more Indians than the 
 Chinese are Americans. To be sure, Burma is a province of 
 the Indian Empire, though it ought to be as much a separate 
 dominion as Australia or Canada. 
 
 It is a three days' journey on a fast steamer from Calcutta 
 to Rangoon ; and when one reaches the latter city he finds 
 people of a totally different race, different language, different 
 customs, different complexion, different costumes and different 
 religion. 
 
 He finds that he has exchanged the sun-parched fields of 
 India, where famine always stalks behind the labourer, for the 
 well-watered meadows of the Irrawaddy, where in December 
 the luxuriant fields of rice wave their heavy tasselled heads, 
 and where aU the year round and the century through famine is 
 unknown. 
 
 Instead of the straight-featured, thin-limbed, agile Aryans 
 whom he left in Calcutta, the traveller finds in Rangoon, 
 three or four days later, round-faced, jolly, plump Mongolians, 
 with slant eyes and yellow skins, and the merriest of black, 
 twinkling eyes. 
 
 Instead of the three-and- thirty million gods, whom he saw 
 worshipped in Benares, he finds no god in Rangoon, but only 
 the placid, unwinking, half-smiling image of Gautama Buddha, 
 who, five hundred years before Christ, attained to Nirvana, 
 and whose image is to-day worshipped by one-third of the 
 human race. 
 
 In India, one finds temples carved with aU sorts of curious 
 and often hideous figures of everything that is in heaven 
 above and the earth beneath and the waters under the earth. 
 In Burma, graceful, slender pagodas, often encrusted thickly 
 with gold leaf, and rising from fifty to three hundred feet in 
 the air, are seen; and everywhere, in every stately pagoda 
 and every little jewelled shrine, the same image, calm, unseeing, 
 immovable to earthly joys or sorrows, Gautama, as he attained 
 the Icng- sought Nirvana, 
 
8 
 
 Next to Bombay and Calcutta, RaDgoon is the busiest port 
 in the Indian Empire. Here are great godowns, or wholesale 
 storehouses, filled with the choicest wares and products of the 
 East, large department stores, . . . public buildings, post-office, 
 custom-house, &c., that would do credit to any city in the 
 world. Here, too, is a beautiful public park, charming lakes, 
 an extensive Zoo, all in the heart of the city. 
 
 The spot to which all travellers' paths converge in Ran- 
 goon is the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, the most sacred spot in all 
 the Buddhist world. Up a long flight of stone steps we walk, 
 on either side of which are chattering vendors of curious 
 wares — silks and lace and gongs of brass, huge cheroots, 
 eight or ten inches long, and as large round as your two 
 thumbs, which contain tobacco enough for a family smoke, 
 oranges, mangoes, jack-fruit and papaws, jade ornaments and 
 tinsel jewels — indeed, almost anything that a Burman would 
 want to eat or wear or bedeck himself with. 
 
 At the top of the steps a gorgeous, glittering sight indeed 
 strikes the eye, for there rises a great and graceful column of 
 gold, a hundred and fifty feet above the vast platform on 
 which it is built, and which itself rises one hundred and 
 seventy feet from the ground. The pagoda is very wide at the 
 base, and tapers gradually to a ball-shaped top, on which is 
 a crown of solid gold and jewels alone worth a round half- 
 million dollars. 
 
 All around are little pagodas, or shrines, clustering close 
 to the base of the parent, and each vying with all the others to 
 show itself the richest and most bejewelled. 
 
 In the great pagoda is a huge Buddha, so covered with 
 gold and gems that the covetous public is kept away from it by 
 strong iron bars, while all the lesser shrines have other images 
 of the placid saint, and some of them many, but all with exactly 
 the same expression of ineffable content. 
 
 A multitude of other sights, odd, beautiful, bizarre, but all 
 interesting, attract the traveller, 
 
 On the road to Mandalay, 
 
 which lies some twenty hours' journey up the Irrawaddy. They 
 are well worth the notice of anyone who can wander from the 
 beaten tracks of travel long enough to enjoy them. 
 
BURMESE SELF-TAUGHT. 
 
 THE ALPHABET AND PEONUNCIATION. 
 
 The alphabet used by the Burmese is of Indian origin and 
 came to them through Buddhist monks. It is commonly called 
 Pali. It consists of thirty-two consonants and eight primary 
 vowels. There are three diphthongs, and the vowel sounds 
 are further modified by final consonants. 
 
 Only twenty-five of the consonants are used in Burmese 
 vvoids, but the whole are put into requisition for words 
 borrowed from the Pali. 
 
 As the Biumese (except the Arracanese branch) cannot 
 pronounce the letter r they substitute y for it, so that y is 
 represented by both r and y, and they are often interchanged 
 in writing, though it has been agreed that certain words shall 
 be written with r and certain with y. 
 
 What is generally known as romanization, — i.e. the trans- 
 literation into Eoman characters, — when applied to Burmese 
 does not answer, so there are many systems of representing 
 the sounds of the language in use, viz. tho^e of Judson, Latter, 
 Chase, Tavvseinko, and the Government, or Hunterian. 
 
 The plan adopted in this work, however, is to give the words 
 in the native character througho\it, and instead of attempting 
 to romanize the characters, to add the phonetic pronunciation 
 of the words in accordance with the following scheme, which 
 is based upon Marlborough's system of phonetics. 
 
10 
 
 CONSONANTS.' 
 
 Bur- 
 mese 
 Charac- 
 ters. 
 
 oo 
 
 ex) 
 
 00 
 
 O) 
 
 & 
 
 CX) 
 
 cx> 
 
 Roman- 
 ized 
 form. 
 
 hk 
 g 
 
 ta 
 
 
 ht 
 
 hd 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Phonetics 
 used. 
 
 l^. t, g 
 
 hk 
 
 When initial like k in A;i7e ; when 
 final sometimes like t and some- 
 times k: after a word ending with 
 a vowel or nasal as g in gate ^ . . 
 
 When initial before y like ch in 
 chair: when followinsf a vowel or 
 nasal like y in ^om^ ch,j 
 
 Like g in gate; never final; with y 
 like^' in^'om^ or/i^ g, j 
 
 Not used in Burmese words; like g 
 in gate ; when final mute g 
 
 As in a^nosf/c with the a swallowed . . gn 
 
 When final like n or ng n, ng 
 
 When final like t in pit; changes 
 to 2; ts, z, t 
 
 Like s in see ; after vowel or nasal 
 changes to s, z 
 
 As z in zebra; when final like t 
 in pit z, t 
 
 Like Tiy in Bunyan ny 
 
 When final sometimes like 7iin^i7i; . . n 
 sometimes a simple ee sound as in . . ee 
 bee, and sometimes as eA eh 
 
 When initial as t in ten or (when 
 following) d in den t, d 
 
 When final something between t 
 
 and p and k final t, p, k 
 
 When initial ht or (when following 
 a vowel or nasal) d in den . . . . ht, d 
 
 When initial as f? in (^6 J^ d 
 
 When final, between t and A; . . . . t, k 
 
 As d in den d 
 
 1 The Cerebrals are omitted as they are not used for Burmese and 
 correspond with the Dentals. ' See para. (/), p. 22. 
 
11 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Phonetics 
 used. 
 
 eh 
 eh 
 . 1 
 
 When initial as n in not ; when 
 final as n in hen and sometimes 
 
 slightly like ng after o n, ng 
 
 When initial as p in pen ; changes ^ 
 
 to h in 6e<i p, b 
 
 When final same as for co . . . . t, p, k 
 
 hp When initial hp; when following ^ 
 
 a vowel or nasal h hp, b 
 
 b Initial like h in heel ....... b 
 
 hb Ji'itial sometimes as h in bed ; . . b 
 sometimes as A^j hb, hp 
 
 m When initial likem; when final like 
 
 n or TKj m, n,ng 
 
 When initial as y in yet, when 
 
 final ell 
 
 When initial y, when final as eh . . 
 Initial as I in let; when final mute . 
 
 w Initial as in English ; medial as d6\ 
 
 final mute w, 66 
 
 1 When used in Pali derivatives like 
 
 English I 1 
 
 th Initial as th in ildii . th 
 
 Changes after final vowel or nasal 
 
 to th in that ; as final or medial, ^ . . . t 
 
 As initial h in English : may be 
 
 placed before all consonantswhich 
 
 have not an aspirate form ; if final 
 
 mute h 
 
 Used instead of § 72, or 5 m ; . . . . n 
 with G3^D cau becomes like h . . . . k 
 
 Note. — It is impossible to give examples of the way in which ts, ht, 
 hd, lip, and hb are to be pronounced as initials, but the student must 
 endeavour to sound the letters together in their written order, for ts, 
 ht, and hp. Hd and hb are merely a stronger d and b. 
 
 1 The woitis ' following' and ' changes' refer to rule (/.), p. 22. 
 
12 
 
 VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS. 
 Burmese. Romanized, Pronunciation. 
 
 Phonetics. 
 
 Like a in father but short . 
 
 „ a in father 
 
 „ i in machinery but shortei* 
 
 „ ee in feet 
 
 „ 00 in foot 
 
 ,, 00 in boot 
 
 „ a in holiday . . . . 
 
 „ the first e in there 
 
 aic as in paw 
 
 Longer and drawn out . 
 
 Like m go 
 
 Deeper and long drawn out < 
 Sharp and short . . . . , 
 Like 00 in foot, or Welsh w 
 Like 00 in spoon. 
 
 ah 
 kh 
 ee 
 ee 
 56 
 
 00 
 
 eh 
 aw 
 aw 
 oh 
 
 ohl 
 oh 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS WITH FINALS. 
 
 33o5 aA followed by k is like e in let. 
 
 3d8 a.h followed by ts is like i in pit. 
 
 osS Sih followed by gn is like i and e in tin and ten. 
 
 33^ aA followed by ny is like ee or in or eh. 
 
 335, 33oS, 33^5 338, 33 ; Sih followcd by any of these 
 retains its sound as a in ca)iH (a^). 
 
 3S5, gSoS, j^I, 3S§ ; i (ee) followed by these consonants is 
 like ai in bait (ay). 
 
 33 cannot be used with ^, 
 
13 
 
 3^S, 3^o5, 3^5, 3^5, 3^; u (66) followed by these, like o in 
 bone [uh), 
 
 3oo5 e as first e in /Aere (eh). 
 
 G33Do5, G33dS ; ea followed by k or gn, as o^^; in how (ow). 
 
 G^oS, 3^8 ; iu followed by k or gn, like i in pine (i) 
 
 The alphabet is classified as below. Every consonant con- 
 tains an inherent a (ah) which has to be pronounced with it 
 until killed by the mark ^ (thaAt = strike or kill) placed over 
 it, or until it is modified by a final. ^ 
 
 Thus OD k must be ka^ until it is killed — oS, and it then 
 has the sound of the final t in let. 
 
 G utturals 
 
 oo kah 
 
 o hkaA 
 
 o gaA 
 
 oo hga/i 
 
 c ngsih 
 
 Palatals 
 
 o tsaA 
 
 oo hsixh 
 
 O) dzaA 
 
 €ij hdzah 
 
 S nyaA 
 
 Cerebrals 
 
 ^' tU 
 
 g htaA 
 
 ^ dah 
 
 o hdaA 
 
 CUD nkh 
 
 Dentals 
 
 cx> taA 
 
 00 htaA 
 
 3 dah 
 
 o hdaA 
 
 ^ naA 
 
 Labials 
 
 o paA 
 
 o hpaA 
 
 o hU 
 
 00 hbaA 
 
 o maA 
 
 Liquids 
 
 oo yaA 
 
 s| rU 
 
 CO laA 
 
 o waA 
 
 gua 
 
 Sibilant 
 
 00 ihah 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aspirate 
 
 o:) hkh 
 
 
 
 
 
 The 00 hts is pronounced as s. 
 
 The CO hb is often used instead of o hp. 
 
 ty hdz is exactly the same as O) dz and only used in one 
 common Burmese word. 
 
 The cerebrals with do hg and g 11 are only used in words 
 derived from Pali. 
 
 The cerebrals are essentially Indian, Pali, or Sanskrit. 
 The Burmese cannot differentiate them from the dentals, 
 * See under * Pinal Consonants ', p. 18. 
 
14 
 
 and so pronounce them when used, and also the liquid 11, 
 in the same way as the dentals. 
 
 The o g and ex) hg are pronounced the same, 
 
 c is pronounced like ung-a^, low down in the throat, and 
 when aspirated nothing can describe it. 
 
 G| r is not pronounceable by a Burman (except the Arra- 
 canese branch) but is pronounced as oo y and the two letters 
 are interchangeable. 
 
 Every letter which has not an aspirate form can be aspirated 
 by the addition of the sign for CX) h&h , written under it; thus 
 ^ nkh when aspirated is written ^ hna/i, od laA eg hlah. When 
 oo yah and G| yah are aspirated they become c^ ^ shah. 
 
 00 has two sounds as th in thin and th in that. 
 
 Neither oo nor oo can take the aspirate. 
 
 Certain consonants are cnpable of combination with the 
 others so as to be pronounced as one. This is done by means 
 of a secondary form as shown in the following table : — 
 
 Consonants 
 Second forms 
 
 OO 
 
 U 
 
 C 
 
 o 
 6 
 
 oo 
 
 J 
 
 oo + o 
 
 G[ + 
 
 Q 
 
 oo + oo 
 
 Ji 
 
 Consonants (cont.) 
 Second forms (cont.) 
 
 €) +00 
 
 c 
 
 o + oo 
 
 S + ^ + 6 
 
 
 The force of these combinations is best shown with the 
 consonant o ma^, which alone can take the whole. 
 
 o ma^ c^ myah g myah ^ mwah ^ hmah 
 
 g) myooaA g myooaA (like mew-ah) 
 ^ hmya^ Q hmyaA g hmwaA |o hmyooaA 
 § gnyaA and ^ nyah have the same sound and are inter- 
 changeable. 
 
15 
 
 In addition to the final consonants there is also the si»n », 
 called GOO§coD§oo6 thay8^Aay8tin, which is written above a 
 consonant and has the power of final n, as o6 = oo5 kaAn. 
 When used with the diphthong g33D aw it has the power of 
 final k, as G33o = g33Do5 owk. 
 
 VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS. 
 There are eight written vowels and three diphthon^o. 
 
 Short vowels : 33 a/f S!^ ee g 66 
 Long vowels : 3D3 aA g]f ee § oo G ay i» eh 
 Diphthongs : Q or G33D aw g(^d or G3d5 aw 3^ oh 
 To unite these vowels and diphthongs to the various con- 
 sonants certain secondary forms aie required which are usually 
 called symbols. 
 
 3D ah being inherent in every consonant has none. 
 
 33D ah . 
 g? ee. . 
 
 gjee . 
 g 66 . . 
 
 g on . . 
 
 G ay . . 
 £» eh . 
 
 (^ aw . 
 g(^o aw 
 3^ oh . 
 
 o or 1 as ODD kiih ol wah 
 
 ® as c8 kee 
 
 ® as c8 kee 
 
 ^ as cq koo 
 
 ^^ as cx^ koo 
 
 G as GOO kay 
 
 "" as cx) keh 
 
 G — D as GOOD kaw 
 
 G — 5 as GOoS kaw 
 
 ^ as o^ koA 
 
 The forms g^ ^ g § are as a rule used only for Pali words, 
 the vowel 33 with secondary forms being used instead, 
 chus : — 38 ee 3B ee 3^ 66 3^ 00. 
 
 The \owels can thus be united to all the consonants and 
 
16 
 
 double consonants in the same way, and, it will be observed, 
 replace the inherent 33 Ah. 
 
 The two forms D and ^ for long a/^ are to prevent confusion. 
 If 3 were used with o waA it would become oo ta/z, so wc 
 must use ol wa//. 
 
 NOTES ON COMBINED CONSONANTS AND VOWELS. 
 
 The y sound when joined to another consonnnt must be 
 sounded as much as possible with it ; [§ "^ are kya/*, not 
 ky-aA. (§ hkyaA is chaA. {q ydh. 
 
 Some combinations are very easy, as — 
 
 S[ S9 ^ §[ "^ S\\\ ^^ 
 
 c^ ccp c^ ^ o^[ c^ll GC^ ^c. 
 
 shaA shaA shee shee shoo shoo shay 
 
 The consonant o waA in combination is sometimes a con- 
 sonant and sometimes a vowel. 
 
 ^ is hmwa//, but gj is myooaA (mew-aA). 
 
 Note. — Ky, gij, &e,, are sounded in all shades from k and g to ch in 
 church and j in jxtdge. 
 
 Some exaNiples of Consonants combined with Voivel 
 symbols : — 
 
 VOWELS. 
 
 o hkaA ol hkaA 8 hkee S hkee ^ hkoo ^ hkoo go hkay 5 hkel 
 ^nyaAf^DnyaA^nyee ^nyee ^nyoo gj^nyooG^nyay ^nyel 
 o paA ol paA 8 pee 8 pee ^ poo (^ poo go pay c) peh j 
 G| yaA Gp vaA ^yee ^ yee ^ yoo ^ yoo GG|yay ej yt h 
 o waA o1 wah 8 wee 8 wee c^ woo <^ woo go way b weh 
 
17 
 
 DIPHTHONGS. 
 
 col gaw coTgaw ^ goA 
 
 GOD tsaw GoS tsavv ^ tso^ 
 
 GOOD taw GOoS taw c^ toh 
 
 GOOD yaw GooS yaw o^ yoA 
 
 Gcl gnaw GcTgnaw ^ gnoA 
 ggI claw GoTdaw ^ doA 
 GODD thaw GooS thaw o^thoA 
 Gol hpaw GoThpaw ^ hpoA 
 
 COMBINED CONSONANTS WITH VOWELS. 
 
 OQj kyaA oqi^ kyaA o^ kyee o^ kyee o^[ kyoo cq\[ kyoo 
 Goqn kyay c^ kyeh ^ kyaA (§D kyaA (^ kyee Q kyee 
 @ kyoo @ kyoo G^ kyay g kyeh.^ 
 
 ^ chaA ^D chaA ^ ciiee ^ chee sj][ choo ^|| choo g^] chay 
 ^ cheh § chhh §D cha^ (§ chee § chee § choo § choc 
 G§ chay (§ cheh. 
 
 ^ pwaA ^1 pwaA § pw^ee § pwee g^ pway ^ pweh. 
 og IwaA c^D IwaA o§ Iwee c§ Iwee GC(g Iway c^ Iweh. 
 (In this last combination the ^ almost amounts to 56.) 
 
 ghgnaA ^d lignaA ^ hnyee ^[hnyoo G^Dhnyaw ^hnyoA 
 c^ hlaA c^D hlaA c^ hlee c§ hlee (^ hloo (^ hloo gc^ hlay 
 c§) hleh. 
 
 ^ [ kyoo-aA ^^ kyoo-aA ^ kyo6-ee ^?§! [ kyo6-ay 
 
 ^ 
 
 kyou-eh. 
 
 ^0 hnwaA go hmwaA c^d hlwaA cog hlway c§ hlweh. 
 
 * Hky, gy with the vowels are sounded in many shades from k and g 
 to ch in church andj in judge, and no rule can be given. With the vowel 
 e (ay) the sound of the vowel varies, as G§ chay is often pronounced as if 
 it were chee and GOqjo kyays as kyeeS. 
 
 JURMESK S.-T. 
 
18 
 
 eg is pronounced in two ways — hlyaA and shaA; so 
 we get 
 
 ^^IshaA ^^^Ishaw ^[shoA. 
 
 Occasionally one finds the combination of Q yaA ^ waA 
 and J hah, but it is pronounced with Q yaA omitted, so that 
 (q hmyoo-ah = ^ hmwaA. 
 
 FINAL CONSONANTS. 
 
 Other vowel sounds are obtained by means of a final 
 consonant. 
 
 A consonant is made final by placing over it the mark ^, 
 which is called oooS that (thaAt, kill). It is so called because 
 it kills the inherent 33 Sih. 
 
 Thus, O0O3 is kata, but ooo5 is kat. 
 
 cncyD is kaka, but ooo5 is ket. 
 GOOD is law, but gcodoS is lowk. 
 c^ is to, but 0^8 is taing or ting, 
 ooo is tatsa, but ooS is tit. 
 
 The same thing occurs when two consonants come together 
 in a foreign word of more than one syllable, and one consonant 
 is written under the other ; thus, 
 
 og hdammaA, law (pronounced daAmaA). 
 
 9^d3 punnaAs, a Brahmin (pronounced poAnnaAs). 
 
 oocTOD hbandaA, property (pronounced hpadaA). 
 This is also allowable in a few Burmese words which have 
 become stereotyped ; as, 
 
 8g for 8§oQ maynSmaA, a woman. 
 This word also shows another rule as to the interchange 
 
19 
 
 of final Q mah and ^ na^. The final S is considered heavier 
 than 5 and is equal to 58. When two Fs come together thus 
 ^, as in cq^, the first 1 changes to n, so instead of l6611a/« 
 we get loAnla^. 
 
 Though several consonants are written as final, there are 
 really only four final sounds, viz. k, t, ng, n. 
 
 Final consonants are very indistinct, and not only is the 
 inherent 33 aA killed, but the consonant itself is almost 
 done away with, and it is almost impossible to say whether 
 the sharp, abrupt sound is k, t, or p. 
 
 The effect of final consonants on the preceding vowels is 
 shown in the following table : — 
 
 
 Combined with vowels and w. 
 
 
 Final consonant. 
 
 kh 
 
 ee 
 
 66 
 
 oh 
 
 aw 
 
 w 
 
 Power. 
 
 
 3D 
 
 g? 
 
 e 
 
 3^ 
 
 G33D 
 
 O 
 
 
 o5 k 
 
 et 
 
 
 
 ik 
 
 owk 
 
 
 
 S ng 
 
 in 
 
 
 
 ing 
 
 owng 
 
 
 
 S ts 
 
 it 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^, 
 
 eh 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This final has three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 sounds, ee, eh, in. 
 
 o5 t or p 
 
 liht 
 
 ayk 
 
 ohk 
 
 
 
 66t 
 
 As in root. 
 
 5 n or 5 ni ® 
 
 a/m 
 
 ayn 
 
 ohn 
 
 
 
 66n 
 
 The 6 makes the 
 vowel heavier. 
 
 cSy 
 
 eh 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 These sounds should be practised with all the consonants; 
 thus, 
 
 cooS ket od8 kin ooS kit oo^ kee. 
 
 ODoS ka^t od5 kaAt cx)? kaAn ooS kaAn. 
 
 B 2 
 
20 
 
 o5 kaAn oojs ka/ms cx)o5 keh. 
 
 c^oS kik c§6 king. 
 
 c8o5 kayt c8^ kayn. 
 
 0:^5 or cxpoS koAk o^^ or c^ kohn oqiS ko^n. 
 
 ogoS or c^5 koot og^ or og koon c^5 koon. 
 
 No matter what consonant or double consonant begins the 
 word, the vowels always remain as above ; thus, 
 
 006 sin o£ win ^6 chin ogS twin ^8 shin. 
 oS tsit ^S nyit §8 chit oj8 hlit i^h hmyit. 
 
 In the following combination some words seem to end 
 with t and some with k : — 
 
 d8o5 sayt 08 o5 tayt §o5 chayt 8o5 mayt. 
 3S5 ayk ^oS yayk c85 layk o8o5 thayk. 
 cxj5 loAk ac^oS sohk ^[5 choAk ^oS hgnoAk. 
 
 o waA is w with all consonants without a final, except 
 Q3 nyaA od yaA Cj yaA, when it takes the vowel sound, as 
 ^ nyooaA g| yooaA. 
 
 ^ hmyaA ^ hmyee ^[ hmyoo g^ hmyay. 
 c^ kwaA § gwee eg gnway ogj kyo6-eh. 
 
 In certain words taken from the Pali we find a final 
 quiescent consonant — 
 
 c^c£ koA ^&>5 moh ^^ moA. 
 ^o5 boA d^oS hpoA |§aS joA. 
 
 The double 00 thaA is written ooo and pronounced tth, 
 as cooDoo kaAt-thaA-paA or kth as in goo^ oAk-thoAn. The 
 Pali pronunciation of these would be kassapa and ussun. 
 
21 
 
 TONES OR ACCENTS. 
 
 There are three tones : — 
 
 (a) The ordinary (unmarked), as Q8 myin, to see. 
 
 (b) The abrupt, (a small circle written under the word), 
 as ^8 my in, lofty, tall. 
 
 {c) The prolonged heavy tone, (two small circles follow- 
 ing the word), as g6o myin: (or myeens), a horse. 
 
 The light accent may be used with final G33 ay, j^ eh, 
 G33D aw, 3^ oh, or a mute nasal consonant, as od^ ka^n. 
 
 The heavy accent may follow 33D ah, 3S ee, 33 00, C33 ay, 
 i» eh, 3^ oh, and the mute nasal consonants, as ooSs tin, 
 cx^Js toAn:. 
 
 By means of these accents, or cadences, three distinct 
 meanings can be given ; as, 
 
 myin, to see ; myin, tall, high ; myinS, a horse. 
 
 PHONETIC CHANGES. 
 
 (a) When a final consonant is followed by a nasal it 
 is assimilated ; as, 
 
 {^5qo5 ayk-met, to dream, becomes ayn-met. 
 G^^DoS^Q owk-may, to long foi', becomes owng-may. 
 ^8.?>D nit-naA, to be aggrieved, becomes nin-naA. 
 
 {b) Sometimes the vowels 06 and 00 are elided ; as, 
 c^Gj^oS p66-yaA-bik, a note-book, becomes paA-ya^-bik. 
 
 (c) The letters 00 baA, o [mh, and q maA are inter- 
 changeable ; as, 
 
 ooc8 htaA-bee, a petticoat, becomes htaA-mee. 
 olsg hdaA8-pya^, a bandit j becomes hdaAS-my^^. 
 
22 
 
 (d) Words beginning with oo and oo take the initial con- 
 sonant of the following syllable; as, 
 
 g^8 oo-hmin, a cave, becomes o^n(m)-hmin. 
 ^oGj>DoS oo-hnowk, brains, becomes 6An5-hnowk. 
 §8go18 oo-hkowng, head, becomes oAk-hkowng. 
 
 (e) The final nasal of the first syllable is sometimes 
 dropped; as, 
 
 0608 sa^n-pin, haii^ of the head, becomes saA-bin. 
 
 ODols ta^n-hka^s, a door, becomes ta^-gaAS. 
 
 o§cOo paAnS-peho, a blacksmith, becomes paA-beho.^ 
 (/) When a word ending with a vowel or nasal precedes 
 another so as to form as it were a polysyllable, and the initial 
 consonant of the following word is one of those in columns 
 I and 2 on p. 13, it must as a rule be changed to the 
 corresponding consonant in col. 3 or col. 4; thus, 
 
 ooS§S sin-chin, to consider, becomes sin-jin. 
 
 QSbgDOOooDo hpyit-hkeh-tsooaA ta^-kaAS becomes hpyit- 
 hkeli-zooaA ta/i-ga^S. 
 
 NUMERALS. 2 
 1234567890 
 
 oj99^S70(30 
 These figures are used exactly like the English figures. 
 
 WRITING. 
 Burmese is written from leit to right, but there is little 
 use for punctuation as the sentences punctuate themselves. 
 A full stop may be represented by u and to divide para- 
 graphs II II is used. 
 
 ' The heavy accent on the first word is often dropped in compounds. 
 ' See p. 78, p.nd p. 114. 
 
23 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS IN COMMON USE. 
 
 (^ for G^ ee at the end of a sentence, or of, 
 ^? 5? g^d6 jowng, because, 
 g6§ „ goodSs kowngs, good. 
 § „ ^o5 hnik, in, at, 
 § „ G.g| yooay, and. 
 
 Cj5 „ co^oGoodSo lee; gowngs, 5oM — and; the aforesaid, 
 cx^S „ cx^coS loolin, a bachelor. 
 
 ^ „ £ written over as in oogoSd for ooSsgood thim: baw, 
 a ship. 
 
 PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 The foregoing pages, 9—22, should be carefully read and the 
 phonetic equivalents of the Buimese characters noted. Practice in 
 copying the characters themselves will soon enable the student to read 
 and write the words and phrases in the following lists, which he is 
 also recommended to learn by heart, repeating them aloud with the 
 aid of the phonetic spelling in the third column. 
 
 Peonunciation. — It will be noticed that the values of the vowels 
 in the Pronunciation column are not always the same. This is caused 
 by euphony, as, for instance, in 'a^-na^-zo/iS". This is the correct 
 transliteration, but the pronunciation is ' aA-naA-z6/iS'. 
 
 Tones or Accents. — For the proper appreciation and correct 
 use of these, the student is recommended to avail himself of every 
 opportunity of getting native tutorial assistance. They are usually 
 indicated in the phonetic pronunciation, which of course would be 
 imperfect without them. In the Burmese text they are always 
 shown, but some do not appear in the 'pronunciation' column. The 
 reason is that when words are run together as compounds, the heavy 
 tone is often rejected and the ictus thrown on to the last word. 
 
 For instance, ooGp§ taA-yaAs (Jaw), when turned into 'civil law' 
 by the addition of Q maA, becomes OOGp§Q taA-yaA-mah'. 
 
24 
 
 The heavy accent : is supposed to be inherent in the vowel 
 K) eh:, unless superseded by the light accent, and is not, as a rule, 
 written. Therefore (Xi leh is properly lehs. We find it written, 
 however, with (X)o i b8 and one or two other words. 
 
 The use of the Hyphen. — It has been the custom in trans- 
 literating Burmese words to put a hyphen indiscriminately between 
 every syllable and the next ; thus — 
 
 7%ee-aA-yaM-hma/i-gijaA,-aA-yin-taA-hka^-hmyaA-ma^-yowk-tsaA- 
 hpoo:-boos. 
 
 This seems a very senseless method as it shows nothing. In 
 this work, only those syllables which are really connected together 
 in a composite manner are so joined, and the above sentence would 
 be written as under — 
 
 Thee ah-yaht-hmah gnhh aA-yin tiiA-hkaA-hmyaA ma^, 
 
 This place - in I before one-time-even (once) not 
 
 yowk-ts^;^- hpoo;-boo:. 
 
 arrive (assertive affixes). 
 
 It was found, however, that this plan could not always be strictly 
 adheiedto, as the syllables of some composite words required proper 
 division, for example, it would not have been possible to write the 
 word aA-}aAt as aAyaAt. 
 
 The hyphen has therefore been used in two ways — (a) to connect 
 words wliich form pol} syllabic expressions ; (6) to separate syllables 
 that might be mispronounced if written as one word. 
 
 Hints on addressing a Burmax. — Do not raise the voice or 
 shout, and speak slowly and distinctly. 
 
 Be careful not to drop the aspirate. There is a great difference 
 between p and hp, t and ht, but no practical difference between 
 b and hb, d and hd. 
 
 Be very careful to differentiate the sounds ay and eh; for instance, 
 33GQ a^-may is mother and 3308 aA-meh; is game; qqo hlay canoe 
 and c^goS hlehs a cart. In the latter case there can be no mistake 
 if the proper numeral auxiliary is used; thus GCOODoSo hlay-taA- 
 zin: and c^^2od8§ hleh:-ta^-zees . 
 
 Remember the rule as to change in consonants (p. 22,/). 
 
VOCABULARIES. 
 
 The World and its Elements. ooo8sgg8^So1o5;j|D3» 
 
 English 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 air 
 
 GOD 
 
 lay 
 
 cloud 
 
 ^o5§o85 
 
 mo^s-dayn 
 
 cold 
 
 cgS^II 33G336 
 
 ay-jins, aA-ays 
 
 comet 
 
 goSoDg? 
 
 kyeh-ta/t-goon 
 
 darkness 
 
 ^o5§£8 
 
 mik-chin; 
 
 dew or fog 
 
 j[»58iio8.'j,58 
 
 hnin8, see8-hninS 
 
 dust 
 
 333^$ll(^o8 
 
 aA-hmoAn, hpoAk 
 
 earth 
 
 G@Hcg@8 
 
 myay, myay-jees 
 
 earthquake 
 
 Ggg8C35§6^ 
 
 myay-jees hloAk-chins 
 
 east 
 
 ^<^§[ 
 
 aA-shay 
 
 eclipse (of sun) 
 
 G^(§o8g8§ 
 
 nay-kyaAt-chinS 
 
 — (of moon) 
 
 Co(^ODgSS 
 
 laA-kyaAt-chins 
 
 fire 
 
 §8 
 
 mees 
 
 flame 
 
 88C^ 
 
 mees-shaAn 
 
 frost 
 
 d83b 
 
 sees-geh 
 
 hail 
 
 ^oS^oSi 
 
 mohi-theel 
 
 heat 
 
 33 (^ 
 
 a^-poo 
 
 light 
 
 330d88 
 
 aMinS 
 
 lightning 
 
 c^o5o8 
 
 shaAt-tsit 
 
 moon ; new, full 
 
 coil CO3-81I ODg^ 
 
 laA, X^h-thii, la^-bye§ 
 
 moonlight 
 
 COOODgSS 
 
 la^ tha^-jin; 
 
 north 
 
 cgDoS 
 
 myowk 
 
 planet 
 
 6^ 
 
 ]oh 
 
 jrain 
 
 ^oSsa^gss 
 
 mohi yooaA jinS 
 
26 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 rainbow 
 
 DDOD? 
 
 thettaAn 
 
 shade, shadow 
 
 SD^OS 
 
 aA-yayk 
 
 sky 
 
 ^o5oGOOd5oOo5 
 
 moAs-kowngs-^in 
 
 snow 
 
 ^^.g6 
 
 moAs-bwin 
 
 south 
 
 good6 
 
 towng 
 
 star 
 
 goS 
 
 kyeh 
 
 sun 
 
 G^ 
 
 nay 
 
 thunder 
 
 ^oSBgsgSs 
 
 moAs-choAnS-jinS 
 
 water 
 
 GG| 
 
 yay 
 
 weather 
 
 ^dSSgco 
 
 m6h%-\aj 
 
 west 
 
 33G^Do5 
 
 a^-nowk 
 
 wind 
 
 GCOO^o5g5^ 
 
 lay-tik-chin? 
 
 Lan 
 
 d and Water, g 
 
 g^5GG|U 
 
 bay 
 
 o£coo5gcdo8gc^ 
 
 pinleh downg-gway 
 
 beach 
 
 o8coo5oo58 
 
 pinleh-kaAns 
 
 bog 
 
 8Sg(q 
 
 tsayn-myay 
 
 canal 
 
 CC^ GgD63 
 
 tooS-myowngS 
 
 cape 
 
 33 (j^ 
 
 aA-gnoo 
 
 cave 
 
 ^ 
 
 koo 
 
 chasm 
 
 G^DOS 
 
 jowk 
 
 cliff 
 
 0062 GOI oS 
 
 ka/ms-zowk 
 
 coast 
 
 o6cOC^OD§8^D 
 
 pinleh-ka/inS-naA 
 
 creek 
 
 GQ|D6g 
 
 chowngs 
 
 current 
 
 GG|83 
 
 yay-zeeS 
 
 ebb 
 
 GG|g 
 
 yay-jyaA 
 
 flood (of the tide) 
 
 GG|OOo5 
 
 yay-det 
 
 foam 
 
 33go5 
 
 aA-hmyoAk 
 
 forest 
 
 GOOD 
 
 |taw 
 
27 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 hill 
 
 G0335 
 
 towng 
 
 hillock 
 
 good6§ 
 
 towng-bo^ 
 
 hill-top 
 
 good6c6o5 
 
 towng-dayt 
 
 ice 
 
 GG|b 
 
 yay-geh 
 
 island 
 
 o2j$s 
 
 kyoons 
 
 lake 
 
 3380 U 3^5 
 
 ins, ing 
 
 land 
 
 o95§ 
 
 koAns 
 
 marsh 
 
 §?G^ 
 
 noon- my ay 
 
 moor 
 
 o26§8 
 
 Ivvin-byin 
 
 mountain 
 
 good5[o58 
 
 towng-jees 
 
 mud 
 
 i 
 
 shoon 
 
 range of hills 
 
 cr^^loD^B 
 
 kohui-dMnt 
 
 range ofmountains 
 
 goodS^S 
 
 towng-yo/iS 
 
 river 
 
 @5 
 
 myit 
 
 rock 
 
 GoqiDoS 
 
 kyowk 
 
 sand 
 
 do 
 
 theh 
 
 sand-bank 
 
 good8 
 
 thowng 
 
 sea 
 
 o6coo5 
 
 pinleh 
 
 shingle 
 
 GOq|Do5oG|8 
 
 kyowk-tsa^-yit 
 
 spring (water) 
 
 G^^OSS 
 
 yay-tsaAns 
 
 storm 
 
 ^?o^6s 
 
 moAn-dings 
 
 stream 
 
 g^dSs oogod? 
 
 chowngs-gaAlayS 
 
 tide 
 
 § 
 
 dee 
 
 valley 
 
 4? 
 
 ching 
 
 water, fresh 
 
 G^q 
 
 yay-joA 
 
 — salt 
 
 G€|c5 
 
 yay-gnaAn 
 
 waterfall 
 
 GG|0D§$ 
 
 yay-ta^goon 
 
 water-tank (dug) 
 
 GG|00§ 
 
 yay-ga^n 
 
 wave [reservoir 
 
 c§88ii c§82o5§g 
 
 hling:, hlings-ta' -bo/iS 
 
English. 
 
 28 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronimoiation. 
 
 well 
 whirlpool 
 
 GQbS 
 
 yay-dwin: 
 yay-weh: 
 
 Minerals and Metals. oloS oo^ 
 
 [5»8 GoqjDoS satjs^ 
 
 alum 
 
 GOqiDoS^g 
 
 kyowk-chin 
 
 amber 
 
 oodSs 
 
 paA-yins 
 
 antimony 
 
 OG^3a58S 
 
 hkaA-nowk-tsayn 
 
 arsenic 
 
 8^ 
 
 tsayn 
 
 borax 
 
 coo5@d8 
 
 let-chaAs 
 
 brass 
 
 g(3oo1 
 
 kyays-waA 
 
 bricks 
 
 3;^o5 
 
 ohk 
 
 bronze 
 
 G@8| 
 
 kyays-nee 
 
 cement 
 
 33(5gOO 
 
 in:gaAday 
 
 chalk 
 
 ^SS 
 
 myay-byoo 
 
 clay 
 
 cgGCg 
 
 my ay-zees 
 
 coal 
 
 GCr^Do582GOg8 
 
 kyowk-mees-^Away 
 
 copper 
 
 0@S| 
 
 kyay:-nee 
 
 coral 
 
 °^Si' 
 
 thaAdaA 
 
 crystal 
 
 QcrpcS ooorSs 
 
 kyowk-thaAlinS 
 
 diamond 
 
 SJccqDoS 
 
 tsayn-jowk 
 
 emerald 
 
 @ 
 
 myaA 
 
 flint 
 
 8§oo6go:^do5 
 
 mees-gaAt-kyowk 
 
 glass 
 
 o?n ^5 
 
 hpaAn, hmaAn 
 
 gold 
 
 ^^ 
 
 shway 
 
 gravel 
 
 GOqjDoSoSjS 
 
 kyowk-tsaA-yit 
 
 iron 
 
 OD 
 
 thaAn 
 
 lead 
 
 5o 
 
 hkeh-maA 
 
 lime 
 
 ^^§ 
 
 htdAn:-byoo 
 
 marble 
 
 GO^DOSQ 
 
 kyowk-hpyoo 
 
29 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 mercury 
 
 @3l8 
 
 paAdaAs 
 
 mortar 
 
 OD§|05 
 
 tha^-yoot 
 
 opal 
 
 ocq^ 
 
 maAhooyaA 
 
 ore 
 
 oo^lGcy^odS 
 
 thaAttoo-jowk 
 
 pearl 
 
 c^cx> 
 
 paMeh 
 
 petroleum 
 
 CG|^ 
 
 yay-naAn 
 
 ruby 
 
 G0q|Do5| 
 
 kyowk-nee 
 
 salt 
 
 0038 
 
 saAs 
 
 sand 
 
 00 
 
 theh 
 
 sapphire 
 
 ?03D 
 
 neelaA 
 
 silver 
 
 ^2 
 
 gnway 
 
 soda 
 
 (yDODDS 
 
 pyaA-zaAs 
 
 steel 
 
 ooooS 
 
 thaAn-m^Anee 
 
 stone 
 
 GO^DOS 
 
 kyowk 
 
 sulphur 
 
 OD^ 
 
 kaAn 
 
 tin 
 
 ^S 
 
 thaAn-byoo 
 
 zinc 
 
 C^S 
 
 thoot 
 
 Animals, Birds, and Fishes. 
 
 DODSigoSiclsoo^st^s 
 
 animal 
 
 cx)D8 
 
 thaA: 
 
 barking deer 
 
 -? 
 
 jee 
 
 bear 
 
 oo56 
 
 wet-w66n 
 
 bird 
 
 goS 
 
 hgnet 
 
 buffalo 
 
 ^ 
 
 kyo6-eh 
 
 bull 
 
 ^DSo88 
 
 naA-htees 
 
 calf 
 
 ^d3odgco2 
 
 nwaAs-gaAlays 
 
 cat 
 
 giQd8 
 
 kyowng 
 
 chicken 
 
 JC^OSOOGCOS 
 
 kyet-kaAlays 
 
 cock 
 
 goSc3 
 
 kyet-hpa/i 
 
30 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 colt 
 
 gSSOOGCOS 
 
 myins-ga/ilays 
 
 COW 
 
 §D§0 
 
 nwaAs-maA 
 
 crab 
 
 O^JSlI C^§?@3B 
 
 gaAnaAnSj pa/izooii- 
 
 crow 
 
 ogscojg 
 
 kyeesgaAns [byaAs 
 
 dog 
 
 G§S 
 
 hkways 
 
 dove 
 
 g^ 
 
 joAs 
 
 duck 
 
 oSso) 
 
 woomsbeh 
 
 eagle 
 
 64 
 
 woonloA 
 
 eel 
 
 c"lS5lS 
 
 gnaAs-shIn 
 
 elephant 
 
 oo£ 
 
 sin 
 
 elk 
 
 a-)o£ 
 
 thaAmin 
 
 fish 
 
 cl8 
 
 gnaAs ; 
 
 fowl 
 
 (§(^ 
 
 kyet 
 
 fox 
 
 GgGg3 
 
 myay-gways 
 
 game 
 
 RDfr^ 
 
 a^-meh 
 
 goat 
 
 ScS 
 
 sayt 
 
 goose 
 
 cSoQII c52(| 
 
 gnaAnS-maA, (gander 
 
 hare 
 
 oq5 
 
 yoAn [gnaAns-bo/ 
 
 hen 
 
 goSo 
 
 ky et-m a A, or ky emma/ 
 
 hog-deer 
 
 3G|o5 
 
 daAyeh 
 
 hoof 
 
 8l 
 
 hkwaA 
 
 horn 
 
 S'S 
 
 002-joA 
 
 horse 
 
 gSs 
 
 my ins 
 
 leopard 
 
 o^d8oo8 
 
 kyaA Mit 
 
 mane 
 
 CO^QO 
 
 leh-za/m 
 
 mongoose (ichneu- 
 
 Ggol 
 
 mwaybaA 
 
 monkey [mon) 
 
 G4|Do5 
 
 myowk 
 
 mouse 
 
 go5 
 
 kyooet 
 
 mullet 
 
 ODc8a^3 
 
 kaA-baAlooS 
 
31 
 
 Ensrlish. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 otter 
 
 owl 
 
 — , horned 
 
 ox 
 
 oyster 
 
 parrot 
 
 partridge 
 
 paw 
 
 peacock, — hen 
 
 pheasant 
 
 pig 
 pigeon 
 
 porcupine 
 quail 
 I rabbit 
 rat 
 
 red deer 
 rhinoceros 
 sheep 
 snipe 
 sparrow 
 starling 
 stork 
 swallow 
 
 swan 
 tail 
 tiger 
 tortoise 
 
 OO^OOOD 
 
 cocS 
 
 G3l63<^ll G3168Q 
 
 § 
 
 oo68qcx)Do:^5 
 
 (§o5 
 
 oo5 
 
 0^3 
 gQo5 
 
 ODOOGCOS 
 
 3d(§§ 
 
 c^5 
 
 hpyaAn 
 
 hgnet-soAs 
 
 dees-do^k 
 
 nwaA:-byees 
 
 kaA-noo-kaA-maA 
 
 kyet-too-yooays 
 
 hka^ 
 
 let [ma/i 
 
 downgs-bo^, downgs- 
 
 yit 
 
 wet 
 
 hko^ 
 
 hpyoo 
 
 gno^ngS 
 
 thimsbaw-yoAn 
 
 kyooet 
 
 saAt 
 
 kya^n 
 
 thoAs 
 
 myay-woot 
 
 tsa/i-ga^lays 
 
 zaA-yet 
 
 byings-byoo 
 
 moAs-z way-hgnets 
 
 pyaAn-hlwa//s 
 shway-gnaAns 
 aA-m)ees 
 kya//S 
 lavk 
 
s^ 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation 
 
 turkey 
 
 go5oo8 
 
 hgnet-sin 
 
 turtle 
 
 c85ii oEcocS c85 
 
 layk, pinleh-layk 
 
 vulture 
 
 C08800 
 
 laA-daA 
 
 wild ox 
 
 §6 
 
 tsing 
 
 wing 
 
 33G00d8 
 
 aA-towng 
 
 wolf 
 
 GOQDGgS 
 
 taw-gways 
 
 Reptiles and Insects. 
 
 c8S02^,^OgDSGODD00D2j>5^^ 
 
 iGOOD84|OSll 
 
 ant 
 
 og^oSaSoS 
 
 paA-yooet-sayt 
 
 — (white) 
 
 § 
 
 chaA 
 
 bee 
 
 c^dSgoodS 
 
 pyaA:-gowng 
 
 beetle 
 
 C^OG^i^S 
 
 nowk-chyeeS-boAs 
 
 bug 
 
 @5^§3 
 
 kyaA-boAs 
 
 butterfly- 
 
 oSSQd 
 
 layk-pyaA 
 
 caterpillar 
 
 St 
 
 hkoo 
 
 centipede 
 
 oo8sg§q^d§ 
 
 kins-chee-myaAs 
 
 cobra 
 
 GgcOOD 
 
 mway-howk 
 
 crocodile 
 
 8GOq]D88 
 
 mee-jowng; 
 
 firefly 
 
 §88$8@ 
 
 p6As-tsayn2-byoo 
 
 flea 
 
 g^2gc^§ 
 
 hk way s-h lays 
 
 fly 
 
 cx)Sgooo8 
 
 yin-gowng 
 
 frog 
 
 ols 
 
 hpaAs 
 
 house lizard 
 
 3S6gqjdS 
 
 ayn-hmyowng 
 
 large house lizard 
 
 GOODoSob 
 
 towk-teh 
 
 insect 
 
 ^IQCOOS 
 
 poAs-gowng 
 
 leech 
 
 goS (large) g^d 
 
 kyoot, hmyaw 
 
 mosquito 
 
 @8 
 
 chin 
 
 sand-fly 
 
 S^ 
 
 hpyoAk 
 

 83 
 
 
 ' English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 scorpion 
 
 ooSsj^sgooo 
 
 kins-myees-gowk 
 
 silkworm 
 
 §^^ 
 
 poAs 
 
 snake 
 
 -§ 
 
 mway 
 
 snake (poisonous) 
 
 cg^S 
 
 mway-zoAs 
 
 spider 
 
 ^§^ 
 
 pin-goo 
 
 wasp 
 
 ^©^ 
 
 naA-jeh 
 
 worm 
 
 o8godd6 
 
 tee-gowng 
 
 Fruits, Trees, Flowers, and Vegetables.^ 
 
 
 33o8lJDo88lo5Sl33^ 
 
 2^8.. 
 
 almond 
 
 olol$ 
 
 ba^da/m 
 
 amherstia 
 
 GOOSOO 
 
 thawka/i 
 
 asparagus 
 
 oopgoS 
 
 ka^-nyoot 
 
 banana (commonly 
 
 ^oSgc^d 
 
 hgnet-pyaw 
 
 called ^ plantain^) 
 
 
 
 banyan 
 
 g^d8 
 
 nyowng 
 
 beans 
 
 
 
 peh 
 
 beetroot 
 
 ^CODg§ 
 
 moAn-laA-66-nee 
 
 bouquet 
 
 o?3§8 
 
 paAnS-ging 
 
 cabbage 
 
 OOS^GOQO ^COD 
 
 thimsbaw mohnAah 
 
 capsicum 
 
 C^C^ 
 
 gnhh-yohk 
 
 carrot 
 
 ^CODgo] 
 
 moAn-la^-oo-wa^ 
 
 castor-oil plant 
 
 (^oScxj^ 
 
 kyet-soo 
 
 citron 
 
 G^DoSoOgDS 
 
 showk-thaA-hkwaAs 
 
 cocoa-nut 
 
 S^^^o 
 
 oAns 
 
 cucumber 
 
 OD§D3 
 
 thaA-hkwaAs 
 
 custard apple 
 
 gQ>D 
 
 awzaA 
 
 date 
 
 §5oo§ 
 
 tsoombaAloon 
 
 • S€ 
 
 e Note following this h 
 
 St, p. 35- 
 
 BURMESE 8.-T. 
 
 
 c 
 
34 
 
 EnglisV,. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 doorian 
 
 (^Bo-|gs 
 
 dooS-yinS 
 
 fern 
 
 GO^DoSoJS 
 
 kyowk-paAiiS 
 
 fig 
 
 ooojs 
 
 thaA-hpaAnS 
 
 fir (-tree) 
 
 oo8§^2o5 
 
 htins-yoos-bin 
 
 garlic 
 
 (§o5c^?§ 
 
 kyet-thoon-byoo 
 
 grape 
 
 04j8 
 
 tsa/ibyit 
 
 ironwood 
 
 c^8sooo^§ 
 
 pyins-gaA-doAs 
 
 jack 
 
 8?5> 
 
 payiio-hneh 
 
 kernel 
 
 3300^ 
 
 aA-saAn 
 
 leaf 
 
 33^ o5 
 
 aA-yo6et 
 
 lemon 
 
 G5:|Do5^g 
 
 showk-chin 
 
 lily (water) 
 
 @D 
 
 kyaA 
 
 lime 
 
 o5e)Gp 
 
 tha/imba/^ya^ 
 
 maize 
 
 g@d88(^§ 
 
 pyowngs-boos 
 
 mango 
 
 00€jo5 
 
 tha^-yet 
 
 mulberry- 
 
 §S0Do8 
 
 p6/iS-zaA-l)in 
 
 mushroom 
 
 § 
 
 hmoA 
 
 mustard 
 
 ^e38§ 
 
 moAn-nyins 
 
 onion 
 
 goScx?$? 
 
 kyet-thoon-nee 
 
 orange 
 
 c^SgqS 
 
 lay m maw 
 
 palmyra (palm) 
 
 oo68 
 
 hta^ns 
 
 papaya 
 
 odSsgoodoSs 
 
 thimsbaw-MeeS 
 
 peas 
 
 o 
 
 pell 
 
 pepper (black) 
 
 c^oSgoodSs 
 
 gna/i-yo//k-koung;- 
 
 pine-apple 
 
 ^^o5 
 
 naA-na/it 
 
 plum 
 
 a§ 
 
 zees 
 
 potatoes 
 
 G^JDoSg 
 
 myowk-o6 
 
 pumpkin 
 
 o^ 
 
 hpaA-yoAn 
 
 radishes 
 
 ^coo 
 
 mohnAkh 
 
35 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 raisins 
 
 oc^6aS§G^DoS 
 
 tsa^-byit-thees-jovvk 
 
 rose 
 
 3.8?38o?§ 
 
 hnins-zee-baAnS 
 
 talipat (palm) 
 
 GO 
 
 pay 
 
 tamarind 
 
 Q^Cr^^S 
 
 maA-jees 
 
 teak 
 
 ^5? 
 
 kyoons 
 
 tomato 
 
 OG|5gQ9,g 
 
 hka^-yaAnz-jin 
 
 water-melon 
 
 ^l 
 
 hpaA-yeh 
 
 willow 
 
 ^o5':QO 
 
 mo/^s-may^-hkaA 
 
 yam 
 
 GQ^DO^QOIS? 
 
 myowk-hkownuS 
 
 Note. — The following list gives the words which must be 
 placed after the name of a plant or tree in order to 
 distinguish the part of the plant to be indicated. Thus, 
 §)8o8 a plum-tree, 8)?o33 a /plum, 8>3'g)o5 a plum-leaf . 
 
 aA-hkowk 
 
 a/i-pwin 
 
 aA-hket 
 
 pa^ns 
 
 aA-thees 
 
 a/z-hnit 
 
 a/i-yooet 
 
 pyeen 
 
 a/i-pin 
 
 aA-myit 
 
 a/i-tsay 
 
 a/i-nyoon 
 
 a/i-hnyowk 
 
 Q,h-ydh% 
 
 a^'hnyaA 
 
 a^-gnoAk 
 
 C 2 
 
 bark 
 
 :^Golo5 
 
 blossom 
 
 ^y? 
 
 branch 
 
 ODD oS 
 
 flower 
 
 of^ 
 
 fruit 
 
 330S3 
 
 heart 
 
 3Z)^0 
 
 leaf 
 
 33$] oS 
 
 plank 
 
 9lS 
 
 plant 
 
 33o6 
 
 root 
 
 33^8 
 
 seed 
 
 33GO 
 
 shoot 
 
 3^SS 
 
 sprout 
 
 33G^O 
 
 stalk 
 
 33§8 
 
 stalk of fruit 
 
 33^D 
 
 stump 
 
 33qo5 
 
S6 
 
 Colours. 33GCp833006stl 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 black 
 
 Q^SlI ^o5 
 
 mehs, net 
 
 blue 
 
 6^ 
 
 pyaA 
 
 brown 
 
 ^ 
 
 nyoA 
 
 crimson 
 
 w 
 
 yeh-yeh-nee 
 
 dark 
 
 ^ 
 
 nyoA 
 
 green 
 
 85s 
 
 tsaynJ 
 
 grey 
 
 GOISSOOS 
 
 hpowngs-woot 
 
 pink 
 
 o?§^ 
 
 paAnsnoo 
 
 red 
 
 s 
 
 nee 
 
 scarlet 
 
 GOgScOgSl 
 
 htwayJ-dway:-nee 
 
 violet 
 
 |cq|5o9|6 
 
 nee-kyin-jin 
 
 white 
 
 6 
 
 hpyoo 
 
 yellow 
 
 ol 
 
 wa 
 
 The above are really intransitive verb roots and must be 
 so used. Words implying a tendency towards a colour are 
 formed by prefixing *khaAt^ and reduplicating; thus, 
 
 ooSolol hkaAt waA-waA, yellowish. 
 Times and Seasons. go:jiODicjo5i4.D^i33§St^D3« 
 
 (For Conversations, see pp. 136-40.) 
 
 afternoon 
 
 beginning 
 
 century 
 
 davsrn, daybreak 
 
 day (24 hours) 
 
 day (12 hours) 
 
 Sunday 
 
 Monday 
 
 J>8Gol8sOOGp 
 
 oo^5g§ 
 
 OO^SSCOD 
 
 moons-lweh a^-chayn 
 
 aA-tsaA 
 
 hnit-powng: tahyah 
 
 mo/iS-lins-zaA 
 
 yet 
 
 TaA-ninS-gaA-nway 
 Ta//-nins-laA 
 
37 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Tuesday 
 
 33^1 
 
 In-gaA 
 
 Wednesday 
 
 ^(^093 
 
 BoAk-daA-hoos 
 
 Thursday 
 
 [^DDDOGOD? 
 
 Kya^-thaA-baA-day: 
 
 Friday 
 
 GODDoS^O 
 
 Thowk-kyaA 
 
 Saturday 
 
 OC^ 
 
 Tsa/i-nay 
 
 day after to-morro^\ 
 
 C^COrg 
 
 thaA-bekkaA 
 
 day before yester- 
 
 OO^j^G^ 
 
 taA-myaAn nay 
 
 daytiine [d;iy 
 
 G^^ 33^5 
 
 nay aA-chayn 
 
 early 
 
 goIgoI 
 
 tsaw-zaw 
 
 end 
 
 33^8 
 
 a/«-s6AnS 
 
 evening 
 
 K'^. 
 
 nya/i-nay [aA-chayn 
 
 forenoon 
 
 ^$SQOD^§3S^§ 
 
 moon: maA-teh-hmee 
 
 fortnight 
 
 ooo5gco3G|o5 
 
 seh-lays-yet 
 
 half-an-huur 
 
 ^D^OOOOS 
 
 naA-yee ta^-wet 
 
 holiday 
 
 §G^, 
 
 pweh-nay 
 
 hour 
 
 p^ 
 
 naA-yee 
 
 last month 
 
 OgJ^GOODCO 
 
 loon-geh-Maw-laA 
 
 last night 
 
 QG^.0O 
 
 maA-nay-nyaA 
 
 last year 
 
 0|)Sc7D 
 
 ma/i-hnit-kaA 
 
 Lent 
 
 ol 
 
 waA 
 
 midnight 
 
 oo53go16 
 
 thaA-gowng 
 
 i 
 mmute 
 
 8^6 
 
 meenit 
 
 month 
 
 CO 
 
 la^ 
 
 months, English 
 
 
 
 January 
 
 o^^o!^ 
 
 ZaA-na^-waA-yee 
 
 February 
 
 coa;^ol §[ 
 
 Hpay-boo-waA-yee 
 
 March 
 
 «1o5 
 
 MaAt 
 
 April 
 
 Go^ 
 
 Ay-paA-yee 
 
 May 
 
 GO 
 
 May 
 
38 
 
 Euglish. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 June 
 
 ^l 
 
 Zoon 
 
 July 
 
 c^.c^S 
 
 Zoo-ling 
 
 August 
 
 333^--^ 
 
 AA-gik 
 
 September 
 
 son^ooSooD 
 
 Set-tin-baA 
 
 October 
 
 G33Do5o^500D 
 
 0wk-t6As-baA 
 
 November 
 
 |o8oOD 
 
 NoA-wim-ba^ 
 
 December 
 
 SsoSoOD 
 
 Dee-sim-baA 
 
 months, Burmese^ 
 
 
 
 March 
 
 cx;a^§ 
 
 TaA-goos 
 
 April 
 
 cozq% 
 
 Ka/z-soAn 
 
 May 
 
 ^(x{l 
 
 NaA-yoAn 
 
 June 
 
 olc^ 
 
 WaA-zo^ 
 
 Intercalary 
 
 qC^ODO^Q^ 
 
 Doo-tee-ya^ WaA-zoA 
 
 July 
 
 oIgqIS 
 
 WaA-gowng 
 
 August 
 
 godSodcoSb 
 
 Taw-MaA-lins 
 
 September 
 
 ODxSsogjoS 
 
 Tha/^-dins-joot 
 
 October 
 
 oo|good6q^^8 
 
 Ta^-zowng-m6//nS 
 
 November 
 
 §>o5qco5 
 
 Na/^daw 
 
 December 
 
 (qdo^oS 
 
 PyaA-Mo/i 
 
 January 
 
 ^§^ 
 
 TaA-boA-dweh 
 
 February 
 
 o5go16§ 
 
 Ta/z-bowngs 
 
 morning 
 
 Q^oS, or |.^o5 
 
 ma A -net, or na^n-net 
 
 night 
 
 B 
 
 nyaA 
 
 noon 
 
 g?800^ 
 
 moons-teh 
 
 season 
 
 e^ 
 
 oodoo 
 
 — , cold 
 
 GOOD^'gO^ 
 
 sowngS-oodoo 
 
 — , hot 
 
 c§e^ 
 
 nway-oodoo 
 
 * These months are lunar, and therefore a 
 is an extra month put in, called DooteeyaTi, or 
 
 bout evei-y third year there 
 • * second ' Wa/jzoA. 
 
39 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 season, rainy 
 
 ^^iQCq 
 
 
 mo/<;-ood66 
 
 second, moment 
 
 OOD 
 
 
 hkaAnaA 
 
 sunrise 
 
 G^C^OSOODCC 
 
 
 n ay-htwet-kaMa^ 
 
 sunset 
 
 G^o5oODCO 
 
 
 nay-win-kaMa/^ 
 
 time 
 
 OODCOII 3D0I 
 
 
 kahlah, a^-hkaA 
 
 to-day 
 
 COG^„ 
 
 
 ya/^-nay 
 
 to-morrow 
 
 cor 
 
 
 ma^-net-pyaAn 
 
 to-night 
 
 OD9P3 
 
 
 ya^-hkoo-nya^ 
 
 twilight, dusk 
 
 GOC^GOCoSli 
 
 ao^8 
 
 way-lee-wa} -hnS, sees- 
 
 week (seven days) 
 
 95>S€|o5 
 
 OOD 
 
 likoo-hnaA-yet [zah 
 
 year 
 
 j8 
 
 
 hnit 
 
 yesterday 
 
 t)G^„ 
 
 
 !naA-nay 
 
 yesterday morning 
 
 OG^Q^o5 
 
 
 iiiaA-nay-maA-net 
 
 Town, 
 
 Country, and Agriculture. 
 
 
 gl g]DJ)8cop5oqo5Gp33G(^D6Sll 
 
 bank 
 
 
 G@§S 
 
 myay-yoAs 
 
 bank (edge) 
 
 
 00§3 
 
 kaAnS 
 
 brick house 
 
 
 c^oS 
 
 tik 
 
 bridge 
 
 
 OO^OODS 
 
 taA-da^S 
 
 building 
 
 
 33GOOd5 
 
 a^-sowng 
 
 bush, shrub 
 
 
 g" S^^ 
 
 cho^n, choAn-bo^k 
 
 cemetery 
 
 
 oo6s^68 
 
 thins-jins 
 
 corn 
 
 
 ool8 
 
 tsU-haht 
 
 country, the 
 
 
 go^Sgood 
 
 kyees-daw ^ 
 
 court-house 
 
 
 gs 
 
 yohnt [nwaAs-yoAn 
 
 cow-house 
 
 
 j^DScoSsoc^oSii ps^ 
 
 nwa^s-tins -go/ik. 
 
 .1 GOq|. g[09i 
 
 GQji G§ are sometimes kyay. chay, and sometimes 
 
 kyee, chee. 
 
 
 
 
40 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 crop 
 
 cooSogoS 
 
 leh-dwet 
 
 custom-house 
 
 33GOODo5o^oS 
 
 a^-kowk-tik 
 
 ditch 
 
 gQ^Ss 
 
 myowngs 
 
 farm 
 
 COoSuOD 
 
 leh-yaA 
 
 farmer 
 
 coc^cxjSodqIs 
 
 leh-lo^k-tha^ma/i8 
 
 fence 
 
 o5§ll g 
 
 wins, chaAn 
 
 field 
 
 COoSoDD 
 
 leh-yaA 
 
 flock, herd 
 
 33f^ll 333^^5 
 
 a/^-tso6, M-ohk 
 
 foot-path 
 
 GgcoSg 
 
 chee-la^ns 
 
 forest 
 
 GOOD 
 
 taw 
 
 garden 
 
 goolg 
 
 ooyin 
 
 gate 
 
 co^oll 
 
 ta^-ga^5 
 
 grass 
 
 @o5o8 
 
 myet-pin 
 
 harvest 
 
 ooIb^oSooood 
 
 tsah-ba^s-yayk-ka^laA 
 
 hay 
 
 goSc^poS 
 
 myet-chowk 
 
 hedge 
 
 o^8oo§8 
 
 tsees-da/ms 
 
 house (wooden) 
 
 335 
 
 ayn 
 
 hut 
 
 3S6o:^o5ii Ob 
 
 ayn-go^k, teh 
 
 inn 
 
 oo«6s3^6 
 
 hta^mins-zing 
 
 labourer 
 
 o^c8ii 33a:^5oooD§ 
 
 koolee, aA-IoAk-tha//- 
 
 land, soil 
 
 .g ^ 
 
 myay [ma//s 
 
 log 
 
 0060^8 
 
 thit-to^ns 
 
 manure 
 
 g^do5gs^8 
 
 nowk-chees 
 
 market 
 
 GCgS 
 
 zays 
 
 mile 
 
 ^6 
 
 ming 
 
 mill 
 
 goSa^ 
 
 kyayt-soAn 
 
 pagoda 
 
 G00811 oc^cp: 
 
 zaydee, hpa^-yaAs 
 
 place, spot 
 
 33^5 
 
 Sih-yajht 
 
 pasture 
 
 oooo:^o5 
 
 tsaA-jet 
 
41 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 plough 
 
 oooSii c^^o^S 
 
 hteh, htoon-doAns 
 
 police-station 
 
 g"^^ 
 
 hVdhnU 
 
 prison 
 
 good8 
 
 htowng 
 
 rice (plant) 
 
 GOODoS 
 
 kowk 
 
 road 
 
 OD^l 
 
 la^ns 
 
 school 
 
 OD^kjSccqiDSs 
 
 tsaA-/Aiii-jowng§ 
 
 shed 
 
 ooSsoc^oS 
 
 tinSgoAk 
 
 shop 
 
 =^6 
 
 sing 
 
 street 
 
 qSSoo^ScoSs 
 
 ayn-da/ai2-laAns 
 
 town 
 
 § 
 
 myo/i 
 
 village 
 
 ^^ 
 
 yooa^ 
 
 waterfall 
 
 GG^ODg? 
 
 yay-ta^-goon 
 
 wheat 
 
 9l[ools 
 
 jo^n-tsa/<-ba^s 
 
 Mankind: Relations. oj^^^sc^cooSoS §88 
 
 aunt 
 
 baby 
 
 boy 
 
 brother 
 
 brother-in-law 
 
 child 
 
 cousin 
 
 daughter 
 
 daughter-in-law 
 
 family (lineage) 
 
 S8oOGCO§ 
 
 ol- °l 
 
 CXj^00GCO8 
 
 ^11 GsSc^U Gol8 
 
 GCX)Do5o 
 
 3300GCO2II O^C'-^ 
 
 ^godSsi! gdSc^ 
 oo88 [gooS 
 
 mee-jees, mee-dways, 
 
 aA-yees 
 noA-zo/i-gaA-layS 
 loo-ga/i-lays 
 nyee^ itkoA, mowng^ 
 yowk-hpaA 
 
 aA-kaA-lays, tha^-gneh 
 iiyee-daw, itkoA-daw 
 thaAmee; 
 chwayS-maA 
 a/i-myo^S-aA-hnweh 
 
 ' GOdS mowng, is used by women to designate a brotlier, and is also 
 commonly used as a prefix of men's names indicative of equality; 
 thus, GQ38gcoDo5 Mowng Lowk = Mr. Lowk. 
 
42 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 father 
 
 33GOII 3DC3II OOll 
 
 aA-hpay, a^-hpa//, 
 
 
 OQ^3 
 
 hba//, hkaA-mehs 
 
 father-in-law 
 
 GCX)D(^Q 
 
 yowk-hka^ma^ 
 
 gentleman, iMr. 
 
 ODoSlI qS^DS 
 
 tha/z-hken, hken-'«3yaAs 
 
 girl 
 
 SJSOOGCOS 
 
 mayns-kaAlays 
 
 grand-daughter 
 
 cgso 
 
 myayS-maA 
 
 grandfather 
 
 3QO§8ll C^3 
 
 aA-hp6^s, hoht 
 
 grandmother 
 
 330gD2 
 
 a/i-hpwa^s 
 
 grandson 
 
 Gg§ 
 
 my ays 
 
 husband 
 
 co5 
 
 lin 
 
 husband^s sister 
 
 good£§q 
 
 yowngs-maA 
 
 lady, Mrs. 
 
 oooSqii 33^6011 
 
 thaA-hken-maA, a^- 
 
 
 ooSii oa 
 
 shin-maA, meh, ma/i- 
 
 maid 
 
 ^q 
 
 a^-pyo// [maA 
 
 man, a 
 
 GOODO^OS 
 
 yowk-yaAs 
 
 man (human being) 
 
 ^ 
 
 loo 
 
 marriage 
 
 CO oScx)5g6§ 
 
 let-htaAt-chins 
 
 married man 
 
 oS 5 G 00d6 G ODD O^J DS 
 
 ayn-downg yowk-ya^s 
 
 married woman 
 
 gSSgoodS 8q 
 
 ayn-downg maynSmaA 
 
 mother 
 
 3DGOII 3d8 
 
 a^-may, a^-mee 
 
 mother-in-law 
 
 GCX)DOgQSg 
 
 yowk- hkaAmaA-may n- 
 
 nephew 
 
 ^ 
 
 too [maA 
 
 niece 
 
 CXj^Q 
 
 too-maA 
 
 old man 
 
 0^3^11 330^8 gS 
 
 loo-oA, aA-hp6As-jees 
 
 old woman 
 
 33GQg3 
 
 aA-may-jees 
 
 parents 
 
 Sod 
 
 meebaA 
 
 people 
 
 CXJ^DS 
 
 thoo-myaAs 
 
 person [or 
 
 ^ 
 
 thoo 
 
 single man,bachel- 
 
 ^4 
 
 loo-i)y()A 
 
43 
 
 Engli.h. 
 
 Burmese, 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 single woman 
 
 3^q 
 
 a^-pyoA 
 
 
 young lady, Miss 
 
 8^6(1 
 
 mee-shin 
 
 
 sister 
 
 336«II ^Q 
 
 M-ma/i, nyee-maA 
 
 sister-in-law 
 
 OC^Qil GODdSoQ 
 
 hkeh-ma/-!, yowngs- 
 
 son 
 
 ODD8 
 
 tha/iS 
 
 [maA 
 
 son-in-law 
 
 ODDlQcS 
 
 thaA-met 
 
 
 step-father 
 
 OOGC^i 
 
 baA-dways 
 
 
 step-mother 
 
 3gc^? 
 
 mee-dways 
 
 
 step-son 
 
 3D00 0500D§ 
 
 aA-htet-tha/iS 
 
 
 uncle 
 
 Oog^ll OOGOgSlI 
 
 ba^-jees, baA-dways 
 
 widow 
 
 ^^i^ 
 
 moAk-soAs-maA 
 
 
 widower 
 
 nm 
 
 mo^k-s6/iS-boA 
 
 
 wife 
 
 O00D8 
 
 ma^-yaAs 
 
 
 wife's sister 
 
 ooSo 
 
 hkeh-maA 
 
 
 woman 
 
 85q 
 
 maynS-maA 
 
 
 TheH 
 
 [uman Body, a 
 
 ;^(^3381(^Dg(l 
 
 
 ankle 
 
 o^oS 
 
 hpa^-myet 
 
 
 arm 
 
 cooSgqISs 
 
 let-mowrigs 
 
 
 back 
 
 G^DCX^^l 
 
 kyaw-g6//ns 
 
 
 beard 
 
 4^q8o5 
 
 moo- say t o/- 
 
 mo^k - 
 
 blood 
 
 GC^8 
 
 thways 
 
 [sa^t 
 
 body 
 
 c^oSooooo 
 
 koh-kahjah 
 
 
 bone 
 
 3D§8 
 
 U-johi 
 
 
 bowels 
 
 3^ 
 
 00 
 
 
 brain 
 
 33GJ>Do5 
 
 oAns-hnowk 
 
 
 cheek 
 
 0>o 
 
 \)B.h% 
 
 
 chest 
 
 G)6oo5 
 
 yin-ba/«t 
 
 
 chin 
 
 go8go 
 
 inays-z'^e 
 
 
44 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 complexion 
 
 33GGp8 33008e 
 
 aA-yowng aA-sins 
 
 ear 
 
 4,dSii ^DSg|o5 
 
 na/zs, naA-yooet 
 
 elbow 
 
 oogoddSodS 
 
 taA-downg-zit 
 
 eye 
 
 ^o58 
 
 myet-tsee 
 
 face 
 
 ^cSp 
 
 myet-hnaA 
 
 finger 
 
 cooSg^dSs 
 
 let-chowngs 
 
 flesh 
 
 3300D8 
 
 a^-tha//S 
 
 foot 
 
 eg 
 
 chyay, or chee 
 
 forehead 
 
 n^^ 
 
 na^-hpoos 
 
 hair (of head) 
 
 o6o8 
 
 sa^-bin 
 
 hand 
 
 cooS 
 
 let 
 
 head 
 
 gGogoSsii GolSs 
 
 oAk-hkowngs, gowngs 
 
 heart 
 
 ^Scx^8 
 
 hnit-l6//ns o?* linaA- 
 lohni 
 
 heel 
 
 Gg0G5>DS 
 
 chyay-hpa/-!-hnowng 
 
 jaw 
 
 ol§§aS§8 
 
 pa/i-chayt-yoAs 
 
 joint 
 
 3330 o5li 33005 
 
 aA-set, a/z-sit 
 
 kidneys 
 
 g[^do5oooS 
 
 kyowk-kaAt 
 
 knee 
 
 g» 
 
 doos 
 
 leg 
 
 G§G00Do5 
 
 chyay-dowk 
 
 limb 
 
 C§ 0533^1 
 
 koh-ing'i/i 
 
 lip 
 
 j^oSo62 
 
 hnaA hka/m: 
 
 liver 
 
 3300^8 
 
 aA-thehs 
 
 lungs 
 
 o^sx^oS 
 
 a/«-so/ik 
 
 moustache 
 
 ^o5oS§Gg3 
 
 hna/i-hka^n s-m ways 
 
 mouth 
 
 ooSii 6o§62 
 
 paA-zaAt, hkaA-dwin: 
 
 nail 
 
 CO o5 00^8 
 
 let-thehs 
 
 neck 
 
 co^oSs 
 
 leh-bins 
 
 nose 
 
 3>DGol68 
 
 hna/i-hkowng; 
 
45 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 rib 
 
 I§S 
 
 na^n-yoAs 
 
 shoulder 
 
 o§§ 
 
 pa^-hko/ms 
 
 side 
 
 ^G03 
 
 na^-bays 
 
 skin 
 
 33GG||| 00D£GG| 
 
 a^-yay, tha^-yay 
 
 skull 
 
 Pg.-^dSs^ 
 
 o/fk-hkowngs-goon 
 
 spine 
 
 G(gD§§ 
 
 kyaw-yo^S 
 
 thigh 
 
 Gol5c^3 
 
 powng-l6/«ns 
 
 throat 
 
 co^g^dSs 
 
 leh-jowngs 
 
 thumb 
 
 cooSq 
 
 let-maA 
 
 toe 
 
 gQg^dSs 
 
 chyay-jowngs 
 
 tongue 
 
 C^D 
 
 shaA 
 
 tooth 
 
 C^DS 
 
 thwa^s 
 
 whiskers 
 
 olSGgS 
 
 paA-mwayS 
 
 wrist 
 
 cooSodS 
 
 let-sit 
 
 Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, &c. 
 
 ^Dc£ OO^C^COS G Cr^^C^ 8;^D3 II 
 
 age 
 
 - old 
 
 anger 
 
 art 
 
 breadth, width 
 
 character (good) 
 
 childhood 
 
 depth 
 
 dislike 
 
 disposition 
 
 fear 
 
 foolishness, folly 
 
 3D00 0533§|05 
 3300o5g8g88 
 GsQoSlI GgIoO 
 3300o5o^D 
 33|li (go5 
 
 QaaDGG) 
 
 ^o5§88 
 Qj.8ooo5§88 
 
 OOGOOD 
 ^8^5§S§ 
 
 gqIooii §o5(g8i 
 
 a^-thet-a^-yooeh 
 a^-thet-kyees-jins 
 aA-myet, dawMa^ 
 a^-ta/it-peenya^ 
 a^-na^n, byet 
 a^-tha/j-yay 
 thoo-gneh-a^-hpyit 
 net-chin 5 
 
 ma^-hnit-thet-chins 
 tha^baw 
 tso^s-yayn-jins 
 mawhaA, niik-chins 
 
46 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese, 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 gentleness 
 
 o85.^g5i 
 
 thayn-mway-jiiio 
 
 goodness 
 
 g(X)d8?§88 
 
 kowngs-jins 
 
 greatness 
 
 @gSB 
 
 kytes-jins 
 
 hatred 
 
 (^$sg88 
 
 nioAns-jins 
 
 height 
 
 d^o533Gj5^S§S3' 
 
 ko^-a^-\ a//t-myin-jins 
 
 honesty 
 
 8c^g@d8§88 
 
 tsayt-hpyowng-jin; 
 
 honour 
 
 C^a533COGS|^g8o 
 
 go//n-a/uha/?,yay-shee- 
 
 intelUgence 
 
 ^DC£ 
 
 nyaAn [jins 
 
 joy 
 
 oSScg^oS^Si 
 
 woons-myowk-chi n t 
 
 judgment (faculty) 
 
 oo8g6o-|^oog§ 
 
 si n-j i n -y a/in-tha/it tee 
 
 knowledge 
 
 c8§330OoS 
 
 thay p pa// n- a//-taAt 
 
 laughter, a laugh 
 
 s|o5g88 
 
 yeh-jins 
 
 length 
 
 33G|p5(l 3DC<^D3 
 
 aA-shay, a/^-lya/iS 
 
 love 
 
 9jSgS8 
 
 chit-chins 
 
 mind 
 
 8o5 
 
 tsayt 
 
 patience 
 
 oo^BogSs 
 
 thees-hka/m-jins 
 
 pleasure 
 
 GC|l5G„gg8E 
 
 pyriw-niway-jins 
 
 politeness, cour- 
 
 C^lliglll GCODODOoS 
 
 pyoo-hgnaA, law-ka/?- 
 
 tesy 
 
 [^oe£ 
 
 woot [nya/in 
 
 reason (faculty) 
 
 30 8 g 8 OD oS G oo D 
 
 sin-jin-daAt-thaw- 
 
 science 
 
 3300o8o^D 
 
 a^-taM-peenyaA 
 
 senses, the 
 
 G03^D 
 
 wayda/ina^ 
 
 feeling, touch 
 
 G02g8g 
 
 tway-jins 
 
 hearing 
 
 ^DS^DggSS 
 
 naAs-kyaAs-jinS 
 
 seeing, sight 
 
 g8g88 
 
 myin-jins 
 
 smelhng, smell 
 
 ^6^g88 
 
 naAnS-jins 
 
 tasting, taste 
 
 g^3oS3gS8 
 
 myeeS-zaAnS-jinS 
 
 shape 
 
 ^ODC^D^ 
 
 po/zn-tha^da/m 
 
 size 
 
 q3o5 
 
 doodeh 
 

 47 
 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 smell (odour) 
 
 ■3^4 
 
 a>h-nsihn 
 
 o 
 
 smiling, a smile 
 
 g8§68 
 
 pyo/ms-jins 
 
 sneezing, a sneeze 
 
 GQ|§82 
 
 chee-jins 
 
 sorrow 
 
 8o5(jj)g88 
 
 tsayt-poo jiiiS 
 
 speaking, speech 
 
 GgD§£3ll OCODS 
 
 pyaw-jins, tsa/^-ga^s- 
 
 strength 
 
 §$333§ [g^D^oS 
 
 hkoon-aAs [py^w-jf: 
 
 stupidity 
 
 ^DCoSo^^gSS 
 
 nya^n-toAns-jins 
 
 surpiise 
 
 35G3SDg58 
 
 a//n aw-jins 
 
 taste (of a thing) 
 
 32^0D 
 
 a//ya//thiA 
 
 thickness 
 
 R 
 
 duo 
 
 thinking, thought 
 
 oo8^o5§53 
 
 hlin-hmii/it-chin; 
 
 thought, a 
 
 5^oSooSgo5 
 
 tsayt-htin-jet 
 
 voice 
 
 33CO? 
 
 a^-thaAn 
 
 weakness (quahty) 
 
 33DS^^§g8§ 
 
 aAs-nehs jins 
 
 wisdom 
 
 O^D 
 
 peenya/i 
 
 youth (quality) 
 
 cgGOOD3Qg|C^ 
 
 pyo/i-//^aw-aA-yo6eh 
 
 
 Health. a^§2QD(: 
 
 ^.^Sii 
 
 abscess 
 
 3^8^3 
 
 ing-na/« [chins 
 
 accident 
 
 QG0050030g8g68 
 
 maA-taw tiU-sa/ihpyit 
 
 ague 
 
 OC^Il^DS^D 
 
 toAn-byaZ/S-na/i 
 
 ambulance 
 
 a^^^DGOODScjc 
 
 loo-naA sowng-ya// 
 
 aperient 
 
 o5§^o5goo8 
 
 woons-hno/ik-says 
 
 asthma 
 
 0$3^D 
 
 pa/ins-na/i 
 
 bandage 
 
 (^So^gGp 
 
 kyaAt-tsees-yaA 
 
 biHousness 
 
 OD^^G§^0 
 
 thehs-jee-na/i 
 
 blister (of the skin) 
 
 33Gol63 
 
 a^-hpowngs 
 
 boil 
 
 3Q^d86§ 
 
 aA-naA-zayns 
 
 bruise 
 
 3300DSg(^<?,D 
 
 aA-thaA-jay-na/« 
 
48 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 burn 
 
 §;godd6^d 
 
 mees-lowng-naA 
 
 cancer 
 
 33^D3^3 
 
 ah-usih-zdht 
 
 chemist's (shop) 
 
 cooSs^S 
 
 sayS-zing 
 
 chicken-pox 
 
 GcqDcSl^^^D 
 
 kyowk-hpyoo-na^ 
 
 cholera 
 
 OQDCO^D GGpo] 
 
 kaAla/^-na^ yawga^ 
 
 cold 
 
 j)DG03^D 
 
 hna^-zays-na/i 
 
 contagion 
 
 33^D0^§g6§ 
 
 a^-naA-koos-jins 
 
 cough 
 
 g^d8§c^;^d 
 
 chowngs-zoAs-naA 
 
 cramp 
 
 GgODSs^DgSS 
 
 nyowngS-nyiiA-jinS 
 
 diarrhoea 
 
 0§3cq|^D 
 
 woons-jaA-naA 
 
 disease, illness 
 
 3D^DGGpol 
 
 aA-na/i-yawga^ 
 
 doctor, physician 
 
 G203aDQD8 
 
 says-tha/ima^S 
 
 dysentery 
 
 GOgSoloSSO^^D 
 
 thways-baA-woonS-ja^- 
 
 exhaustion 
 
 33D8o^gS8 
 
 aAs-ko^n-jin: [na^ 
 
 faint, to 
 
 85§GODOO^ 
 
 may n s-ma w-Mee 
 
 fever 
 
 C5|D8^D 
 
 hpyaAs-naA 
 
 fit 
 
 OOoS^D 
 
 tet-naA 
 
 fracture 
 
 3D§So^S@SJ 
 
 aA-yoAs-kyoAs-jinJ 
 
 headache 
 
 GolC8C^o6^D 
 
 gowngs-kik-naA 
 
 hospital 
 
 CXj^^DOO^ 
 
 thoo-na/i-daM 
 
 ill, sick, to be 
 
 ^DOO^ 
 
 nah-fhee 
 
 indigestion 
 
 330D80g(^(§88 
 
 aA-tsaAs maA-kyay-jin: 
 
 inflammation 
 
 3300D8(j;g6s 
 
 aA-tha/iS-poo-jin: 
 
 insanity 
 
 K>^§^D 
 
 aA-yoos-naA 
 
 itch 
 
 OD38^D 
 
 yaAs-naA 
 
 lameness 
 
 G§o§58g82 
 
 chyay maA-tsoons-jinS 
 
 leprosy 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 noo-naA 
 
 measles 
 
 OOSOOOS^D 
 
 wet-thet-naA 
 
 medicine 
 
 G303ol2 
 
 says-waAs 
 
r-. 
 
 P 
 
 49 
 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 nurse 
 
 CC^^dS^% 
 
 loo-na/^-dayns 
 
 ointment 
 
 ogoodSs^oS 
 
 hpaA-yowngS-jet 
 
 pain 
 
 $D§S8 
 
 na^-jins 
 
 paralysis 
 
 godg(^dgod^d 
 
 lay-jaw-thay-naA 
 
 piles 
 
 gSSOO^oS-^D 
 
 my in s-tha A-y ik-na^ 
 
 pill 
 
 G0080C^§8 
 
 says-loAns 
 
 poison 
 
 333808 
 
 aA-sayt 
 
 prescription 
 
 GOOSo^oS 
 
 says-peenyat 
 
 quinsey 
 
 3^2C^^D 
 
 o^ns-lweh-naA 
 
 rheumatism 
 
 O^ODD^D 
 
 doo-laA-naA 
 
 ringworm 
 
 G^S^D 
 
 pwayS-naA 
 
 scald 
 
 GG|(f^GODD8§83 
 
 y ay-boo-lo wng-jins 
 
 sickness 
 
 335g88 
 
 aAn-jin; 
 
 smallpox 
 
 GOq|Do5Golo5^D 
 
 kyowk-powk-naA 
 
 sprain 
 
 33GgDgo5§63 
 
 aA-kyaw-myet-chinS 
 
 :ouic 
 
 33DSC^3G002 
 
 aAs-to^s-zays 
 
 mwell, to be 
 
 qqIoo^ 
 
 maA-ma^-Mee 
 
 veil, to be 
 
 qIoo^ 
 
 maA-/Aee 
 
 vound 
 
 33^D33303 
 
 aA-na/i ah-ssih 
 
 Food, Drink, and Smoking. 
 
 (For Conversations, see 
 
 ippetite od8goodo5g|§oo 
 
 GOODoSoGp [good 
 
 0008 <^^ 
 
 G^D05^gs|§GC^S 
 
 beer 
 
 coffee 
 
 lemonade 
 
 milk 
 
 — 5 of cows 
 
 soda-water 
 
 BURMESE S. T. 
 
 c8odoSgg) 
 
 33O033G00Do54JDSll 
 P- 132.) 
 
 tsaAs thowk-yaAn thaA- 
 thowk-tsaA-yaA [baw 
 joAn-yee 
 kaA-hpee-yee 
 showk - chin - yee - 
 noA-yee [hpyaw 
 nsih-noh 
 beela^t-yay 
 
 D 
 
50 
 
 English 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 tea 
 
 cooSooSg)^ 
 
 lah-hpet-yee 
 
 water 
 
 GG| 
 
 yay 
 
 wine 
 
 09jSg|^ 
 
 tsaA-byit-yee 
 
 bread 
 
 <^|ll — Gol 68(^1 
 
 mo/m, — powngS-moAu 
 
 boil, to 
 
 gsoD^ 
 
 pyoAk-thee 
 
 bottle 
 
 oodSs 
 
 paAlin; 
 
 butter 
 
 GOODOOS 
 
 htawbaAt 
 
 cake 
 
 m 
 
 mo/m-jo/i 
 
 cheese 
 
 8^5 
 
 dayn-geh 
 
 chicken flesh 
 
 goSoODS 
 
 kyet-thaAs 
 
 cinnamon 
 
 Oo8c75J§2 
 
 thit-kya^-boAi 
 
 cook, to 
 
 ^OSOD^ 
 
 chet-thee 
 
 cream 
 
 o?^ 
 
 noA-zee 
 
 curd 
 
 I^ 
 
 noh-geh. 
 
 curry 
 
 od82 
 
 bins 
 
 eggs 
 
 ©^ g 
 
 kyet 00 
 
 fish, dried 
 
 cIsg^jdoS 
 
 gna/iS-jowk 
 
 — , fresh 
 
 c>o85§ 
 
 gnaAs-zayns 
 
 flour 
 
 ^|^o5 
 
 mo§n-nyet 
 
 fruits 
 
 33086C^D3 
 
 a/i-thees-niya^s 
 
 fry, to 
 
 GO^SOD^ 
 
 kyaw-/Aee 
 
 ginger 
 
 ^8i85s 
 
 jins-zayns 
 
 honey 
 
 c^o2G|^ 
 
 pya/iS-yee 
 
 hungry, to be 
 
 OODgoSoD^ 
 
 sa/i-moot-thee 
 
 ice 
 
 GG|5 
 
 yay-geh 
 
 jam [food) 
 
 ^4 
 
 yoh 
 
 meals' (cooked 
 
 33^5 
 
 U-nUt 
 
 1 Breakfast, lunch, and supper are simply morning, afternoon, and 
 night me;ils, but the word 330D Sih-isiih is used instead of 33<^0. 
 
51 
 
 Enghsh. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 breakfast 
 
 |.^oSoD 
 
 na^net-tsaA 
 
 luncheon 
 
 g?§dgOD 
 
 moons-lweh-zaA 
 
 supper 
 
 ^03 
 
 nyaA-zaA 
 
 meat 
 
 3303 Dg 
 
 a^-thaA; 
 
 beei 
 
 ^DlODOl 
 
 nwaht-fhahi 
 
 fat 
 
 33 q8 
 
 sih-see 
 
 kidneys 
 
 GcqDcScoS 
 
 kyowk-ka^t 
 
 mutton 
 
 0^20332 
 
 ihohi-thaht 
 
 pork 
 
 Oo50033 
 
 wets-thaAs 
 
 veal 
 
 ^3gOOGC020338 
 
 nwaAs-ga^lays-^AaA; 
 
 mustard 
 
 q^Si 
 
 moAn-nyins 
 
 lutmegs 
 
 0)3c/38[_o5333 
 
 zaAdaykhpoA-/Aees 
 
 3il 
 
 q8 
 
 see 
 
 pepper, black 
 
 c^o5gcx)362 
 
 gna^-yoAk-kowng i 
 
 - red 
 
 c^oS 
 
 gna/i-yoAk 
 
 sickles 
 
 00^5 
 
 tha^-naAt 
 
 juddinn; 
 
 ^^G^jO 
 
 moAn-byaw 
 
 •ice, boiled 
 
 00062 
 
 htaA-mins 
 
 •ice, unboiled 
 
 00$ 
 
 saAn 
 
 •oast, to 
 
 00600^ 
 
 kin-/Aee 
 
 ;alt 
 
 0032 
 
 saAs 
 
 .auce 
 
 CQ 
 
 tsaA-meh 
 
 moking 
 
 G002G033o5§88 
 
 says-thowk-chin? 
 
 cigar 
 
 G008c85 
 
 says-layk 
 
 matches 
 
 §8^6 
 
 mee^jit 
 
 pipe 
 
 GOOSOO^ 
 
 sa\§-da/ai 
 
 tobacco 
 
 GOOS 
 
 says 
 
 4 tobacco-pouch 
 
 gooSjSoS 
 
 says- ay k 
 
 Dup 
 
 3D55G)g 
 
 aA-pyoAk-yee 
 
 D a 
 
52 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. i 
 
 spirits 
 
 33€|a5 
 
 aA-yet 
 
 sugar 
 
 Od[§38 
 
 tha^-jaAs 
 
 thirst 
 
 GG|Co5g88 
 
 yay-gnaAt-chins 
 
 tooth-pick 
 
 O^D2(§DSqo5 
 
 thwa.hl-}khl-dohk 1 
 
 under-done, to be 
 
 O0q|o5 OOOqj oS ^ 
 
 maA-kyet-ta^ -j^t- 
 
 vegetables 
 
 oo6Eg)o5 [OD^ 
 
 hins-yuet [shee-/Ae© 
 
 venison 
 
 3Gjo5oD3§ 
 
 dsih-yeh-thsihi 
 
 vinegar 
 
 ¥^S 
 
 poAns-yee 
 
 well-done, to be 
 
 cqcSoD^ 
 
 kyet-thee 
 
 Cooking and Table Utensils. 
 
 Og|o5^6G|| 33 0:^0 33 GOO 3 8 II 
 (For Conversations, see pp. 132, 145. 
 
 basin 
 
 o>o^c^oo^ 
 
 zaA-l6An-paA-ga/m 
 
 canister 
 
 d5§|ic^s 
 
 thaAn-byoo-boAn t 
 
 coffee-pot 
 
 OOD§Oop 
 
 kaA-hpee-hka^-yaAs 
 
 corkscrew 
 
 ooSa^ 
 
 wet-00 
 
 cup 
 
 §o5 
 
 hkwet 
 
 dish 
 
 9035@33g3 
 
 pa^-ga^n-byaA:-jees 
 
 dish-cover 
 
 C^OD$3;j»6 
 
 paA-gaAn-oAk 
 
 filter 
 
 GG|o8 
 
 yay-zit 
 
 fork 
 
 Qo5 G|83 
 
 hkaA-yin; 
 
 glass, tumbler 
 
 O^CTDCq^l 
 
 hpaAii-gaA-doAns 
 
 jar 
 
 og33q3 
 
 tsin-oAs 
 
 jug 
 
 OGpg 
 
 hkaA-ya^s 
 
 kettle 
 
 GG|G§23^S 
 
 yay-nways-oAs 
 
 knife 
 
 cool 
 
 daAs 
 
 ladle 
 
 GODDOS^ 
 
 yowk-cho/i 
 
 lamp 
 
 83(^5 
 
 mees-ayn 
 
53 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 lid 
 
 33(|3 
 
 a^-hpoAnS 
 
 mat 
 
 9JD 
 
 hpyaA 
 
 mortar 
 
 ^l 
 
 s6/ms 
 
 oven 
 
 G0l5§^ 
 
 powngs-bo^ 
 
 pail 
 
 GCj(^$3 
 
 yay-boAns 
 
 pestle 
 
 ^S^o^ 
 
 kya^-bway 
 
 plate 
 
 (^oo§gD3 
 
 paA-gaAn-byaAs 
 
 salt-cellar 
 
 OOD^goS 
 
 saAs-gwet 
 
 saucepan 
 
 3o53^3 
 
 deh-6A; 
 
 scales 
 
 «?§s 
 
 chayn-gwin 
 
 serviette 
 
 cooScx^oSool 
 
 let-thoAk-pa^-waA 
 
 sieve 
 
 so^qI 
 
 saA-gaA 
 
 spoon 
 
 ^52, 
 
 zoons 
 
 strainer 
 
 oS^? 
 
 tsit-oAs 
 
 table-cloth 
 
 C)DSgo53 
 
 tsaA-bweh-ginS 
 
 teapot 
 
 COoSooSCj^OGpS 
 
 laA - hpet-yee-hkaA- 
 
 tray 
 
 coSo?3 
 
 lim-ba/ms [yaA; 
 
 water-bottle 
 
 cG|oco83 
 
 yay-pa^-lins 
 
 wine-glass 
 
 0?CX)0^3g§CCX)Do6 
 
 hpa^n-gaA-doAnS- 
 chyay-do^yk 
 
 Dress and the Toilet. 33ooSoo 
 
 JooD 3.5 oo6g|6§63u 
 
 
 (For Shopping, see p. 
 
 145.) 
 
 bath (room) 
 
 GG|^3S>$3 
 
 yay-choAs-ga/ins 
 
 bootlaces 
 
 S^b^s 
 
 hpaA-naAt-ky6As 
 
 boots 
 
 c^o5o8^5 
 
 boot-hpaA-na^t 
 
 bracelet 
 
 odoSgoodoS 
 
 let-kowk 
 
 braces 
 
 GolSscSgsgD 
 
 bowmbee kyoAs-byaA 
 
 breeches 
 
 GolSacScB 
 
 bowmbee-doA 
 
54 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 brush 
 
 oc6^6c8§ 
 
 wet-hmin-bees 
 
 brush, nail- 
 
 cooSoo^og8o 
 
 let-thehs-bees 
 
 — , tooth- 
 
 ogD§o^a5o5^o5 
 
 thwa^S-tik-ta^-boot 
 
 buckle 
 
 oSooGoloS 
 
 tee-gaA-bowk 
 
 button 
 
 go5o8^ 
 
 kyeh-ZAees 
 
 button-hook 
 
 (^oSoSsgoddoS 
 
 kyeh-thees-gowk 
 
 cap 
 
 gsoc^S 
 
 oJik-hiohk. 
 
 cloak 
 
 Oo5o^3D^ 
 
 woot-loAn-inojee 
 
 clothing, dress 
 
 330oS 
 
 aA-wo6t 
 
 coat 
 
 33S§ 
 
 injee 
 
 collars 
 
 OD^OOS 
 
 leh-ba^t 
 
 comb 
 
 S% 
 
 bee: 
 
 corsets, stays 
 
 c^oS 0^0833^ 
 
 koA-ja^t-insjee 
 
 drawers 
 
 GgSOGol88o8 
 
 chwayS-gaAn-bowms- 
 
 dress, gown 
 
 oloDGp 
 
 gaAgaAyaA [bee 
 
 eye-glasses 
 
 4)o5^§ 
 
 myet-hmaAn 
 
 frock-coat 
 
 33^^^ 
 
 insjee-shay 
 
 garters 
 
 G§g5o^8QB 
 
 chay-zoot tseeS-jo/^S 
 
 gloves 
 
 cooSg5 
 
 let-ts66t 
 
 handkerchief 
 
 ODo6c^8ool 
 
 let-king-baA-waA 
 
 hat 
 
 ^8g3a^5 
 
 tho/iS-oAk-htoAk 
 
 jacket 
 
 GS^olSo^ 
 
 in:jee-hkaA-doA 
 
 jewellery 
 
 00^003 
 
 taA-zaA 
 
 linen [ror 
 
 ^o5 00533 00^ 
 
 piksaAn-ixA-hteh 
 
 looking-glass, mir- 
 
 31 
 
 hmaAn 
 
 material (dress,&c.) 
 
 33 00^33 c£5 
 
 aA-hteh aA-layk 
 
 calico 
 
 8c^ 
 
 payt 
 
 cloth 
 
 cx)^coo5 
 
 tha/iga Ala/it 
 
 flannel 
 
 ooogcooS 
 
 thaAgaAlaAt 
 
55 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 fur 
 
 OOD3Gg2 
 
 tha^S-mways 
 
 lace 
 
 V^ 
 
 za^-noo 
 
 leather 
 
 OOD§GG| 
 
 tha^-yay 
 
 muslin 
 
 CODCX^^qO 
 
 lay-loo-zaA 
 
 satin 
 
 t^ 
 
 hpeh 
 
 silk 
 
 ?^ 
 
 poAs 
 
 velvet 
 
 OD^ol 
 
 kaMeebaA 
 
 wool 
 
 O^BG^^ 
 
 thoAs-mways 
 
 needle 
 
 335 
 
 ay^t 
 
 ' overcoa 
 
 g533^ 
 
 pyin-insjee 
 
 parasol 
 
 088 
 
 htees 
 
 petticoat 
 
 OoSSfl C^Qj^ 
 
 hta/minyn, lo/m-jee 
 
 pins 
 
 o^oSodS 
 
 tweh-a^t 
 
 pocket 
 
 aSoS 
 
 ayk 
 
 pocket-book 
 
 ^cBoDB^CO 
 
 hmaH-tsaA-oAk 
 
 purse 
 
 CXDD3gG|33o5 
 
 thaA-y ay-ay k 
 
 pyjamas, jacket 
 
 ^33533^ 
 
 nya^-ayk-insjee 
 
 ■ — trousers 
 
 ^3S5go16so8 
 
 nya^-ayk-bowmbee 
 
 razor 
 
 odSoi^^S 
 
 thin-do^ns 
 
 ribbon 
 
 §^gig.S 
 
 p6/«S-ky6^S-bya/iS 
 
 ring 
 
 coo5§5 
 
 let-tsoot 
 
 scissors 
 
 ooo5g(^3 
 
 ka^t-kyees 
 
 shawl 
 
 ooooS 
 
 taA-bet 
 
 ; shirt 
 
 OO^Q)3 
 
 kaAmbeezaA 
 
 shoes 
 
 G§^63 
 
 chee-nins 
 
 skirt 
 
 oq?^^ 
 
 loAn-jee 
 
 sleeve 
 
 33(^COo5 
 
 insjee-let 
 
 slippers 
 
 G^C^30&^5 
 
 shny-do^s-pa^-naAt 
 
 soap 
 
 ooSQd 
 
 satpyaA 
 
56 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 socks 
 
 Ggg6 
 
 chee-zoot 
 
 spectacles 
 
 4jo5^? 
 
 myet-hma^n 
 
 sponge 
 
 cci§ 
 
 yay-hmoA 
 
 stockings 
 
 GggO^^ 
 
 chee-zoot-shay 
 
 stud 
 
 c33o8?ii go5o8s 
 
 ti/i-thees, kyeh-ZAees 
 
 suit (clothes) 
 
 33005^ 
 
 aA-wo6t-tsoAii 
 
 tape 
 
 ojSgsg^s 
 
 jaAt-kyoAs-byaAs 
 
 thimble 
 
 33^[6oDa5§5 
 
 aA-choAk-let-ts6ot 
 
 thread 
 
 M 
 
 chee 
 
 tie, neck-tie 
 
 03^g§ 
 
 leh-jyoAs 
 
 tooth-powder 
 
 C^D^O^ 083^1 
 
 thwaAs-tik-hmoAn 
 
 towel 
 
 cooSoc^Sool 
 
 let-thoAk-paA-waA 
 
 trousers 
 
 G0l6§C^ 
 
 bowmbee 
 
 tunic 
 
 C^o5ogj533^ 
 
 koA-kya/d-insjee 
 
 turban 
 
 GolSSGolSS 
 
 gowngs-bowngs 
 
 umbrella 
 
 o68coo5 
 
 htees-let 
 
 undervest 
 
 Gg85338§ 
 
 chwayS-gaAn-insjee 
 
 veil 
 
 Qija5j,D(|3 
 
 myet-hnaA-hpoAnS 
 
 waist cloth (native) 
 
 C,.^8 
 
 imh-soh' 
 
 waistcoat 
 
 COc6c^33^ 
 
 let-to A-insjee 
 
 walking-stick 
 
 qoS 
 
 doAk 
 
 watch 
 
 ^D^§05 
 
 naA-yee-gwet 
 
 waterproof (coat) 
 
 GC[Qgo533^ 
 
 yay-maA-tsoot-insjee 
 
 The House and Furniture. 
 
 (For Shopping, see 
 
 apartment 
 
 armchair 
 
 bathroom 
 
 3S6o5s 
 
 G<S|g80§ 
 
 3SS eg 5 330^8 33 G COdS II 
 P- I45-) 
 
 ayn-gaAnS 
 
 kaMa^-hting-shay 
 
 yay-choAs-gaAii: 
 
57 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 beam 
 
 GGpoSlI CX^SlI Qd5 
 
 yowk, hto^k, kyaAs- 
 
 bedclothes 
 
 sSSspoSs [gqo 
 
 ayk-yaA-gins [maw 
 
 bedroom 
 
 3S5ipo5§ 
 
 ■- 
 ayk-ya^-gaAns 
 
 bedstead^ bed 
 
 s^ooS 
 
 hkc4A-din 
 
 blanket 
 
 oooocoo5go15 
 
 tha^ga^la^t-tsowng 
 
 blind 
 
 33C^o533 0DD 
 
 a^-kweh-aA-ka// 
 
 bolster 
 
 GOI 633^8^^ - 
 
 gowngsoAns-shay 
 
 bolt 
 
 o6§oq5 
 
 mins-do/ik 
 
 book 
 
 033;^ 5 
 
 tsaA-o^k 
 
 box 
 
 00600D 
 
 thit-taA 
 
 brick 
 
 3;^oS 
 
 ohk 
 
 broom 
 
 oo^goSo^S 
 
 ta^-byet-tsees 
 
 candle 
 
 ogoodSso^S 
 
 hpaA-yowngs-ding 
 
 candlestick 
 
 ogcx)d63o^69 
 
 hpa^-yowngs-ding- 
 
 carpet 
 
 gooSgoI 
 
 kaw-zaw [goAn 
 
 ceiling 
 
 c^o5j>D@o5 
 
 myet-hnaA-jet 
 
 chair^ seat 
 
 O^ GODSONS 
 
 kahla^-hting 
 
 chest ol drawers 
 
 350^3O06oODII Qo5 
 
 aAn-d6As-thittaA,maAt- 
 
 
 ooo5oo5god 
 
 taM-thittaA 
 
 clock 
 
 QOS 00084,3^ 
 
 maM-ta^t na^-yee 
 
 couch 
 
 GC^oSiG^^CoS 
 
 lyowngs-yaA-hkaA-din 
 
 counterpane 
 
 oo8so86 
 
 tins-dayn 
 
 cradle 
 
 9s)oS 
 
 paA-hket 
 
 curtain 
 
 o^codSood 
 
 kaAla^-gaA 
 
 cushion 
 
 §3^811 ^ 
 
 hmee-oAns, hpoAn 
 
 dining-rooiy 
 
 ooo68od8o58 
 
 hta^-mins-zaAs-gaAn: 
 
 ioor 
 
 o5o]8 
 
 ta^-gaAs 
 
 ioor-way 
 
 o5ol8Golo5 
 
 taA-gaA-bowk 
 
 - (leaf) 
 
 oos)l8g|o5 
 
 taA-gaA-yooet 
 
58 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 door-sill 
 
 oools^ 
 
 taA-gaA-hkoAn 
 
 eaves 
 
 33^^258 
 
 aA-moAs-zoons 
 
 floor 
 
 gSs 
 
 kya^ns 
 
 storey 
 
 3S6oo5ll 3300S 
 
 ayn-zin, a^-sin 
 
 garden 
 
 gCX)l^ 
 
 oo-yin 
 
 grate 
 
 68^ 
 
 mees-boA 
 
 hall (entrance) 
 
 oSoSs 
 
 win-gaAns 
 
 hand-basin 
 
 OjO^II 336o§ 
 
 zaMoAn, in-do/ai 
 
 hinge 
 
 ^©^ 
 
 paAttaA 
 
 house 
 
 335.1 
 
 ayn 
 
 — , brick or stone 
 
 ^oS , 
 
 tik 
 
 key 
 
 GOOD 
 
 o 
 
 thaw 
 
 o 
 
 kitchen 
 
 ooo8s^o5^ 
 
 htaA-mins-jet-yo/m 
 
 lamp 
 
 ^%s^ 
 
 mees-ayn 
 
 latch 
 
 ooolscx^S 
 
 taA-gaA-jin 
 
 lock 
 
 GODOOSS 
 
 thaw- ayn 
 
 mat 
 
 qjD 
 
 hpyaA 
 
 mattress 
 
 G^^Gp 
 
 mway-yaA 
 
 mirror 
 
 ^§ 
 
 hmaAn 
 
 mosquito- curtains 
 
 §8': oodS 
 
 chin-downg 
 
 padlock 
 
 GOOOOGCODo5 
 
 thavy-gaA-lowk 
 
 piano 
 
 0^830032 
 
 tsaAnS-daA-yaAs 
 
 picture 
 
 ^5^? 
 
 yoAk-poAn 
 
 pillar 
 
 GcqjDoSo^S 
 
 kyowk-ting 
 
 pillow 
 
 Gol68338 
 
 gowngs-oAns 
 
 post 
 
 oo6c^8 
 
 thit-ting 
 
 punkah 
 
 g^5good8 
 
 yaAt-towng 
 
 quilt 
 
 G0l8 
 
 tsowng 
 
 rafters (bamboo) 
 
 33g8 
 
 aA-chin 
 

 59 
 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 rafters (wood) 
 
 Q[S?(£ 
 
 ya^-neh 
 
 roof 
 
 33^3 
 
 a^-mo^s 
 
 room 
 
 33S)6§ 
 
 a^-hka^ns 
 
 screen 
 
 o^codSood 
 
 kaAlaA-ga^ 
 
 sideboard 
 
 QoSoDoSooSoOD 
 
 ma^tt-taAt-thitta^ 
 
 smoke 
 
 83^8 
 
 mees-goA; 
 
 sofa 
 
 OODOg? 
 
 thaA-loon 
 
 soot 
 
 ^^i 
 
 kyaAt-hk6^5 
 
 spark 
 
 83go1o5 
 
 mees-bowk 
 
 stairs, steps 
 
 cc^oodS 
 
 hlay-ga^S 
 
 table 
 
 OD3g 
 
 tsa^-bweh 
 
 thatch 
 
 OOoSoooSlI 3§oo5 
 
 thekkeh, daAnee-bet 
 
 tile (of roof) 
 
 335goS 
 
 oAk-kyoot 
 
 vase 
 
 oJo^d; 
 
 hpa^n hpa^-laAs 
 
 verandah 
 
 OGCODoSa^ 
 
 hkaA-lowk-sweh 
 
 wall 
 
 oo5o^88;i |g[ 
 
 taA-dings^ naAn-yaAn 
 
 water-closet (w.c.) 
 
 GGJuSS 
 
 yay-ayn 
 
 window 
 
 (qoo6§go]o5 
 
 paA-din?-bowk 
 
 writing-desk 
 
 ODGC)39 
 
 tsaA-yays goAn 
 
 Professions i 
 
 ind Trades, coc 
 
 65^0^033 OOo5(^D3 
 
 (F. 
 
 3r Shopping, &c., see \ 
 
 >• 145- ) 
 
 actor 
 
 Q>3o5oOOD3 
 
 za^t-thaAmaAs 
 
 ambassador 
 
 o5ooq| 
 
 thaAn-taA-maAn 
 
 architect 
 
 BoopoODOOSp 
 
 payttaAga/i-saAyaA 
 
 attorney 
 
 G^G^ 
 
 shay-nay 
 
 baker 
 
 ^SOD^ 
 
 moAn-/Aeh 
 
 banker 
 
 OD?c^a5^2 
 
 baAn-tik-tsoAs 
 
 barber 
 
 QO^DOD^ 
 
 sattaA-/Aeh 
 
60 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 blacksmith 
 
 o%%o 
 
 pa^-beh 
 
 boatman, head 
 
 GC^Oj^gS 
 
 hlay-thoo-jees 
 
 — , under 
 
 GC^OODS 
 
 hlay-/AaAs 
 
 bricklayer, &c. 
 
 o^8g|ooqd2 
 
 paAns-yaAn-tha^ma^j 
 
 broker 
 
 goDS 
 
 pweh-zaAs 
 
 butcher 
 
 ood30^3coqd3 
 
 thaAs-htoAs-tha^maAs 
 
 carpenter, joiner 
 
 COo500O38 
 
 let-thaAmaAs 
 
 carter 
 
 c^^8oood3 
 
 hlehs-tha^ma/iS 
 
 clerk 
 
 ODGSjg 
 
 tsaA-yays 
 
 cook 
 
 3^Saj@ 
 
 oAs-thoo-jees 
 
 cowherd 
 
 ^o^oQcrphl 
 
 nwaAs-jowngS 
 
 dogkeeper 
 
 Gg3o8$8 
 
 hkways-dayns 
 
 doorkeeper 
 
 o6oi8Gol8 
 
 ta^-ga^-zowng 
 
 engineer 
 
 OoSoOGp 
 
 tset-saAya^ 
 
 fisherman 
 
 oocl 
 
 taA-gna^ 
 
 gardener 
 
 gODgoD^ 
 
 66-yin-/^eh 
 
 grasscutter 
 
 goS^oSoDODS 
 
 myet-yayk-tb aAmaAs 
 
 goldsmith 
 
 G^O§o085 
 
 shway-paA-dayn 
 
 groom 
 
 g6ic6§8 
 
 myins-dayns 
 
 hunter • 
 
 ^# 
 
 moAk-soAs 
 
 husbandman 
 
 cooSo^5ooqd3 
 
 leh-loAk-thaAmaAs 
 
 interpreter 
 
 OOOD8g5 
 
 tsa^-gaA-byaAn 
 
 jailor 
 
 GCX)d£^3 
 
 htowng-hmoo; 
 
 musician 
 
 o§'8^oSooqd3 
 
 tee:-hmoAk-tha/ima/iS 
 
 nurse 
 
 33COGC08o8§8 
 
 aA-kaA-lays-dayns 
 
 pleader 
 
 G^G^ 
 
 shay-nay 
 
 policeman 
 
 33^0058ll C^Co8oDD8 
 
 aA-hmoo-daAns, poolit- 
 
 potter 
 
 48d8$2 
 
 oAs-dayns [tha^s 
 
 printer 
 
 cJ|5oood3 
 
 poAn-hnayk-thaAmaAs 
 
61 
 
 • English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 servant 
 
 33G0330lll 33S>olo 
 
 aA-tsay-a^-paA, aA- 
 hka^-zaAs 
 
 shoemaker 
 
 c8^o8^|5ooqd! 
 
 hpaA-naAt-cho/ik-thaA- 
 
 shopkeeper 
 
 ^Sco^ 
 
 sing-^^eh [ma/iS 
 
 smith 
 
 o'iob 
 
 paA-beh 
 
 tailor 
 
 33^[5oOODB 
 
 aA-cho^k-thaAmaAs 
 
 teacher 
 
 so&pii go^d8?oo?p 
 
 sMyah, kyowngs-saA- 
 
 washerman 
 
 ooloopS 
 
 hkaA-wa^-^Aeh [yaA 
 
 wet-nurse 
 
 |o853^ 
 
 noA-dayns 
 
 Music 
 
 al Instruments. 
 
 cSs^oScpii 
 
 big drums 
 
 ooSqii o^ 
 
 pa^t-maA, tsee 
 
 clarit)net 
 
 > 
 
 hneA 
 
 flute 
 
 ^Gcq 
 
 paA-lway 
 
 gong (big) 
 
 G0I68 
 
 mowngs 
 
 guitar (a sort of) 
 
 Sgo^dSs 
 
 mee-jowngs 
 
 harmonicon 
 
 o^cols 
 
 paAt-taA-lay^s 
 
 harp drums 
 
 GC16§ 
 
 tsowng; 
 
 set of graduated 
 
 o^^6. 
 
 tsee-wiii 5 
 
 do. gongs 
 
 G^^O^^^S 
 
 ky ays-zee- win; 
 
 trumpet 
 
 ob^lw ^68 
 
 tsih-hdht, hnyinS 
 
 violin 
 
 00 G ODD 
 
 taA-yaw 
 
 Travelling. gsooGoSDiiGo^asDSgSD^soQDsgSsn 
 
 (For Conversations, see p. 159.) 
 
 aback 
 . I abaft 
 
 ^ 1 alongside, to come 
 . anchor 
 
 G^Do5c§ 
 
 nowk-thoh 
 peh-zee-hmaA 
 sik-thee 
 kyowk-soos 
 
62 
 
 English 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 anchor (to cast) 
 
 GO^DoSstj^o^OO^ 
 
 kyowk-soos chaA-/Aee 
 
 arrive (to) 
 
 ccpoSoo^ 
 
 yowk-thee 
 
 awning 
 
 G^^OODgjoS 
 
 nay-boo-ga^-yooet 
 
 ballast 
 
 OOGo53o6§C33 
 
 thimsbaw-woonS-zaAs 
 
 berth 
 
 aSScp 
 
 ayk-yaA 
 
 bill 
 
 0D3G|£§ 
 
 tsa^s-yins 
 
 boat 
 
 oo5oo§ 
 
 thaAm-baAn 
 
 bow 
 
 iJo 
 
 oos 
 
 buoy 
 
 GoTcp 
 
 bawyaA 
 
 cabin 
 
 33o58 [o85a5g3 
 
 a^-hka^ns [saAn-;6^ 
 
 cable 
 
 Gn9jDo53c:^(_8(^§ii 
 
 kyowk-soos-joA2,htayt- 
 
 captain 
 
 OOGoSDCX^gS 
 
 thimsbaw-thoo-jees 
 
 cargo 
 
 OLJ^OODOS 
 
 koAn-zaMeh 
 
 carriage (vehicle) 
 
 GjOODB 
 
 yaA-htaAs 
 
 change, to (train) 
 
 g^dSsoo^ 
 
 pyowngs-/Aee 
 
 compass 
 
 sb^G^oSoSS 
 
 ay n-h m y o \^ ng-ay n 
 
 crew 
 
 oogo5dood§4j33 
 
 thimbaw-^AaAs-mya/jo' 
 
 deck 
 
 o^JSooS 
 
 ko^nS-baAt 
 
 depart, to 
 
 OgoSo^DSOO^ 
 
 htwet-thwaAs-^Aee 
 
 dock 
 
 ODGOODOqjSS 
 
 thimsbaw-jins 
 
 embark, to 
 
 OD G oSdOO o5 CO ^ 
 
 thim8ba\v-tet-/Aee 
 
 engineer 
 
 OoSoOGp 
 
 tset-saA-yaA 
 
 fathom 
 
 3QC6 
 
 a^-laAn 
 
 flag 
 
 33 o5 
 
 aA-laAn 
 
 forward 
 
 §8^3 
 
 oos-hma/i 
 
 gangway 
 
 GC^OCOoGoloS 
 
 hlay-ga^S-bowk 
 
 hand-lead 
 
 GG|oS8b 
 
 yay-zaAns-geh 
 
 harbour, port 
 
 ODGO§3085 
 
 thimsbaw-zayt 
 
 helm, rudder 
 
 oooSo 
 
 tet-maA 
 
63 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 hold 
 
 odgoSdoSs 
 
 thimsbaw-woons 
 
 keel 
 
 GGp 
 
 ay-ya^ 
 
 label [bark) 
 
 C650D 
 
 layk-tsaA 
 
 land^ to (disem- 
 
 odgoSjooSsod^ 
 
 thimsbaw-sins-/Aee 
 
 landing-stage^ pier 
 
 OO^OODS 
 
 ta^-daAs 
 
 load, to 
 
 0^00800^ 
 
 wo6n-tin-/Aee 
 
 — unload 
 
 o^^aD^ 
 
 koAn chah-ihee 
 
 lascar 
 
 OCODOS 
 
 hksih-\hh-thee 
 
 mast 
 
 a^^s 
 
 yooet-ting 
 
 oar 
 
 0080006 
 
 hkaAt-tet 
 
 paddle 
 
 GC^SOOOS 
 
 hlaw-det 
 
 paddle, to 
 
 GC^SOO^ 
 
 hla\v-/Aee 
 
 passenger 
 
 88o1gOOD3CJ| 
 
 tsees-pa/i-Maw-thoo 
 
 pilot 
 
 olc85 
 
 maMayn 
 
 prow 
 
 COG0§DgSgj5§ 
 
 thim?baw-oos-joons 
 
 punt-pole 
 
 o^§o]8 
 
 tohl-wah' 
 
 quay 
 
 a8o5 
 
 sayt 
 
 rope 
 
 && 
 
 kyo^s-jees 
 
 rudder 
 
 oooSq 
 
 tet-maA 
 
 sail 
 
 gl^ 
 
 yo6-et 
 
 sailing-ship 
 
 g|o5c^aSooGOQD 
 
 }ooet-tik-thimsbaw 
 
 seaman, sailor 
 
 OOGOOJOODa 
 
 thimsbaAV-//^aAs 
 
 ship 
 
 oogoSd 
 
 thimsbaw 
 
 start, to 
 
 OgoSoD^ 
 
 htwet-tliee 
 
 jteani-boat, -ship 
 
 8ooogo5d 
 
 mees-thimsl);iw 
 
 Jteersinan 
 
 oooSqo^S 
 
 tet-ma/i-ging 
 
 Jtern 
 
 9 
 
 Peh 
 
 -hwart 
 
 oo§ 
 
 kaAn 
 
 iller 
 
 oooSoo^S 
 
 tet-ma^-jin 
 
64 
 
 Countries and Nations. c§88(5^5>Scxf^^?^32n 
 
 Note. — The Burmese have some few stereotyped names 
 for people they have known long. For new ones the name 
 or sound is caught and adapted. For country add g^ pyee^ 
 and for people cxj^S loo-myoAs. 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese, 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Africa 
 
 00908 ogjjs 
 
 KaAppaA lee-joons 
 
 America 
 
 33GO^OO 
 
 A^-may-yee-kaA 
 
 Arracanese 
 
 «l^8 
 
 Ya^-hking 
 
 Bengalee 
 
 006 olo^ 
 
 Bin-gaA-lee 
 
 Burman^ 
 
 ggD or OOQD 
 
 Mya^n-maA, or BaA- 
 
 China 
 
 oo^5^^ 
 
 TaA-yoAk-pyee [maA 
 
 Chinese, the 
 
 co^Scx^^^ 
 
 Ta^-yoAk-loo-myoAs 
 
 English, the 
 
 336oc£o5c^^3 
 
 IngaMayk-loo-myoAs 
 
 Europe 
 
 gGCpo 
 
 Oo-yaw-paA 
 
 France 
 
 (3G[$o8 
 
 HpaA-yaAn-zit 
 
 Germany 
 
 0)Dq| 
 
 ZaA-ma^-nee 
 
 Holland ' 
 
 GCX)DCO§ 
 
 Haw-la^n 
 
 India 
 
 ^go3 
 
 Ayndee-yaA 
 
 Japan 
 
 0)0? 
 
 Za^-pa^n 
 
 Jew 
 
 oDa^§ 
 
 YaA-hoo-dee 
 
 Malay 
 
 ocx^|[3 
 
 Pa^-shoos 
 
 Mussulman 
 
 oo§ 
 
 PaA-thee 
 
 Persian 
 
 o1<S|o§ 
 
 PaA-yaA-thee 
 
 * The word MyaAnmafe is seldom used though it is the classic name. 
 The original tribe was Mrahn or Mykhn, which was converted bj the 
 monks into the Pali form Mra/jnma/i, which by natural law became 
 Ba^ma^. The Arracanese branch of the family retain the form 
 Mrkhnmsih. 
 
65 
 
 English. 
 
 Buimcse. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Portuguese 
 
 o^6<| 
 
 BaA-yin-jee 
 
 s' Shall 
 
 9>S2 
 
 Shawns 
 
 s Siamese 
 
 o^^oqpS 
 
 YoAs-daA-ya^S 
 
 , Talaing 
 
 OOC^SSlI g? 
 
 TaA-lings, Moon 
 
 Legal Terms. ooqp§j)f 
 
 ^oSa^Scpii 
 
 accused, the 
 
 ooi;p36 
 
 taA-\ a/i-hkaAn 
 
 acquittal 
 
 3D (q 6 C2 GO g 8 2 II 
 
 aA-pyit-hloot-chlns, 
 
 
 ^6§ooD:.o§gc^ 
 
 chaAns-//iaA-pays-jin5 
 
 action 
 
 00^.83^ 
 
 ta^-yaAs-hmuo 
 
 agent 
 
 C^oSoD^C^oS 
 
 koh-zaA-hleh [joAk 
 
 agreement^ an 
 
 OOGOODCXj^OD:^[5 
 
 thaAbaw-doo-tsfiA- 
 
 answer 
 
 3Dcgli CX^cg^oS 
 
 aA-hpyay, htoo-jay-jet 
 
 appeal^ to 
 
 330^600^ 
 
 a^-yoo hkaAn-/Aee 
 
 arrest, to 
 
 06308800^ 
 
 hpa^ns-zees-/Aee 
 
 attachment 
 
 oS8^SG|5coo5 
 
 thayns-yo/ms-yaAn- 
 
 
 ^o5oD 
 
 let-hmaAt-tsaA 
 
 attest, to 
 
 ooo5goo5oo§ 
 
 thet-thay hkaAn-/^ee 
 
 authorize, to 
 
 33§6gO§00^ 
 
 aA-hkwin pays-/Aee 
 
 award, to 
 
 8c|6go6oo^ 
 
 tsee-yin-hpya^t-thee 
 
 bail 
 
 SDDOOGOSgSs 
 
 a^maA-gaAn pays-jinS 
 
 bailiff 
 
 ^d8iic8co8 
 
 naAzee, beelit 
 
 ibond (for loan) 
 
 GgG^ODSJj^S 
 
 gnway - chyays - tsaA - 
 
 case (suit) 
 
 33^ 
 
 a^-hmoo \johk 
 
 charge, to 
 
 g5§CO^ 
 
 ts6ot-tsweh-/Aee 
 
 complainant, the 
 
 ^Sg^ 
 
 tso6t-tsweh-/^oo 
 
 contract, deed 
 
 ODS^|5 
 
 tsaA-jo^k 
 
 conviction, a 
 
 ssfoScoSgSs 
 
 aA-pyit pays-jins 
 
 costs 
 
 ooGp8o^o6 
 
 ta^-yaAs-zaA-yayt 
 
 aUKMESK 8.-T. 
 
 
 E 
 
English. 
 
 66 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 court (civil) 
 court (criminal) 
 damages 
 
 decision (of case) 
 decree 
 defend, to 
 
 defendant (in a suit) 
 
 deposition 
 
 document 
 
 evidence 
 
 execute, to (a deed) 
 
 — (a judgment) 
 
 fee (of office) 
 
 fine (penalty) 
 
 fraud 
 
 giant 
 
 guardian 
 
 heir 
 
 illegally 
 
 information, to give 
 
 informer 
 
 inheritance 
 
 interest 
 
 inventory 
 
 jail 
 
 judge, the [trict) 
 
 jurisdiction (dis- 
 
 co Gp8o^8 
 
 GpQ)Oo5^3 
 GCqjSGg 
 
 8Gj6q]o5 
 
 f^cSoDDGolS 
 
 OOGpSO 
 
 0D005§II o3o§OOOD 
 
 CO oSGOOOgoS^ oS 
 
 coo5^o5o^3oD^ 
 o85s^6go8co^ 
 
 GcqjSolcoS 
 c^5co^^ 
 
 33^8gOoODS^[^5 
 
 o85§oS?§d:;^ 
 
 33Gg5 
 
 ooospSoogS 
 
 0^8oO$8GOODa^ 
 
 33GgggD 
 
 330^8 
 
 ggDOg^80DG)88 
 
 GOODC 
 
 OOGp8CXj^(^8 
 
 8e)6t^ 
 
 ta^-yaA-ma^-yoAn: 
 
 ya^-zaA-woot-yoAns 
 
 yaw-gnway 
 
 tsee-yin-jet 
 
 deega^ree-tsee-yin-jet 
 
 kweh-gaA-tsowng- 
 
 showk-thee 
 taA-yaA-hka^n 
 aA-tsit-hka An -jet 
 tsaA-daAnSj layk-hkee- 
 
 taA-zaA 
 t h e t-thay-htwet-chet 
 let-hmaAt-ht oAs-ZAee 
 thayns-bing-pays-/Aee 
 koons-boAs 
 yaw-daAn 
 layn-lee-hmoo 
 aA-ping-bays-tsaA-joAk 
 htayns-thayns-Moo 
 aA-mway-gaAn 
 maA-taA-yaA;-MaA- 
 ting-pyaw-/Aee [hpyin 
 ting-daAn:-/Aaw-^ .00 
 aA-mway-oAktsaA 
 aA-toA; 
 
 oAktsa A-pyitsee s-tsa A- 
 htowng [y'^^' 
 
 taA-yaAs-thoo-jees 
 tsee-yin-zoo. 
 
67 
 
 English. 
 
 Bui 
 
 Pronunciation 
 
 jurisdiction(povver] 
 
 law- suit 
 non-suit, to 
 oath, to take an 
 pardon, to 
 penal, to be 
 perjury 
 
 petitioner 
 police-office 
 
 — officer 
 
 — station 
 proof, to give 
 prosecute, to 
 prosecutor, plain- 
 punishment [tiff 
 robbery 
 
 seal, a 
 sentence, a 
 sign, to 
 
 — (by mark) 
 statement (written) 
 sue, to 
 
 suit 
 
 summons (ofcourt) 
 
 testator 
 
 theft 
 
 thief 
 
 oq|Ssc^6oo^ 
 
 Qj58000GO§00^ 
 
 gIoSqo^oSoo^ 
 
 00:^5 QQ? 00 o5 GOO 
 
 6(g63 
 
 G5|Do5o^ 
 
 <^co8^S 
 (^00833^0063 
 
 oooSgooQoo^ 
 
 OOGpS^OO^ 
 OOGpSO^ 
 
 33(yS3la5 
 
 q5c88 
 8g^6^o5 
 cooS^oSo^Soo^ 
 (^oSg§o^§oo^ 
 
 GG|§00D3^oS 
 OOGpSgO^OO^ 
 333^ 
 OOgloD 
 
 coooo§oOOooo§o:jj 
 
 tsee-yin-bing-^Aaw 
 aA-hkwin 
 
 o 
 
 taA:-yaA8-hmo6 [thee 
 aA-yoo-maA-sheesoA- 
 kyaAns king-/Aee 
 chgihnt-thB.h pays-Mee 
 da^n-hka/m-dik-thee 
 maA-hoAk-maA-hmaAn- 
 thet-thay-hkaAn- 
 showk-thoo [jins 
 
 poolit-yoAn: 
 poolit-aA-hmo6-daAn: 
 htahnsih 
 
 thet-thay-py hh-thee 
 tah-yahz-\)j66-thee 
 t3ik-jSih-\oh 
 aA-pyit-daAn 
 166-yoo-hm6o 
 taA-zayt 
 tsee-y in-jet 
 let-hma/it ht6A;-/Aee 
 kyet-chee htoAs-Mee 
 yays-htaAs-jet 
 taA-yaAs-tsweh-soA- 
 aA-hmoo [Mee 
 
 thambaAn-zaA 
 thay-daAns-zaA- htaAs- 
 hkoAs-hmoo [^Aoo 
 
 thaA-hko//: 
 
 E 2 
 
68 
 
 English. 
 
 Bui-mese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 trial 
 
 o8g^d§83 
 
 tsit-kyaw-jins 
 
 verdict 
 
 sx^ggoS^loS 
 
 soAnS-hpyaAt-chet 
 
 will 
 
 C00O0$8OD 
 
 thay-claAno-zaA 
 
 witness 
 
 odoSgoo 
 
 thet-thay 
 
 Commercial Terms. nr^^ogcSsp^SoSs^SGcoDoooDSii 
 
 account 
 
 CgOD'^SS 
 
 gnway-tsfiA-yin: 
 
 ^— , money 
 
 .g 
 
 gnway 
 
 — , to settle an 
 
 cgsoSoo^ 
 
 hpyay-saAt-thee 
 
 acknowledgment 
 
 o^5^a5 
 
 wo6n-hka/in-jet 
 
 agent 
 
 o^c^odSc^oS 
 
 koA-zaA-hleh 
 
 arrears 
 
 Oq]$G2 
 
 kyaAn-gnway 
 
 assets 
 
 Gg^005Gl5egD 
 
 k yooays - saAt - yaAn - 
 
 bank 
 
 ooJo^oS 
 
 bd^n-tik [oAktsaA 
 
 bankrupt, to be 
 
 Gg8(§C^OQo5|6 
 
 kyooayS-myee-goA 
 
 
 CX)^ 
 
 maA-saAt-hniiig-/Aee 
 
 bearer 
 
 cooS^o^ 
 
 let-shee-/Aoo 
 
 bond, a 
 
 0D^|5 
 
 tsa^-joAk 
 
 broker 
 
 §ODS 
 
 pweh-zaAs 
 
 brokerage 
 
 gs) 
 
 pweh-gaA 
 
 buyer 
 
 oo5o^ 
 
 \veh-/Aoo zaA-leh 
 
 cargo 
 
 o5«jco35iioc^$ococ^ 
 
 \vo6n-za/i-leh, koAn- 
 
 charter a ship, to 
 
 OOGo5DOD^[53>Sgl8 
 
 thimsbaw tsaA-joAk- 
 
 
 OD^ 
 
 hnm-hgnaAs-^Aee 
 
 company 
 
 ojigaBii o:^§c3o59 
 
 koAmbaAnee, koAn- 
 bet-ts66 
 
 confiscate, to 
 
 o86sa^oD^ 
 
 thayn:-yoo-/Aee 
 
 contract, a 
 
 O08(0DOi|5 
 
 gaAdee-zaA-joAk 
 
 cost price 
 
 Uo?s 
 
 aA-hp6As 
 
69 
 
 English. 
 
 Eurmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 creditor 
 
 Gg§^8 
 
 kyooays-shin 
 
 custom-house 
 
 33GOODo5o^o5 
 
 a^-kowk-tik 
 
 customs duties 
 
 GQGOODOS 
 
 aA-kowk 
 
 damage 
 
 3Da^§c^o5@6s 
 
 a^-kyo/iS-pyet-chins 
 
 debt 
 
 cg^iig 
 
 kyooays, myee 
 
 debtor 
 
 goDS 
 
 myee-zaAs 
 
 deliver, to 
 
 335g0800^ 
 
 aAt-pays-^Aee 
 
 exports 
 
 cqcrSnq^ 
 
 htoAk-ko^n 
 
 firm, a 
 
 oc^$oo5^ 
 
 koAn-bet-tsoo 
 
 imports [of 
 
 ^S§a^$ 
 
 thwins-goAn 
 
 introduction, letter 
 
 330gjS^,^G030D 
 
 a^-kyoons-hpweh 
 
 market 
 
 G^S 
 
 zayS [payS-za/i 
 
 market price 
 
 Gcg2^$? 
 
 zays-hno/ins 
 
 partner 
 
 ocSoSoq 
 
 hpet-tsaAt-thoo 
 
 pay, to 
 
 goSooSdo^ 
 
 pays-saAt-thee 
 
 price 
 
 3303! 
 
 a^-hj)oAs 
 
 1 price-list 
 
 330^'^OD^5: 
 
 aA-hp6As-tsaA-jino 
 
 1 receipt 
 
 g(qod 
 
 pyay-zaA 
 
 irent 
 
 5ISO 
 
 hgnaA;-gaA 
 
 1 retail, to 
 
 COoScSGGpSoOD^ 
 
 let-lee-yowngS-MeS 
 
 salesman, seller 
 
 GS|o6§a^ 
 
 yowngs-^Aoo 
 
 unload, to 
 
 O^gOD^ 
 
 woon-chaA-^Aee 
 
 warehouse 
 
 ^GooD6iia:^?Gc^~'6 
 
 goAdowng, koAn- 
 
 weight 
 
 3D§5 [o§o5 
 
 aA-chayn [hlowng-dik 
 
 wharf 
 
 s8^5 
 
 sayt 
 
 wharfage 
 
 o8o5o 
 
 sayt-hkaA [thee 
 
 wholesale, to sell 
 
 Gol o5^ GGpSSOO^ 
 
 hpowk-cha^-yowngs- 
 
 
 orcco5ooD2cGp68 
 
 let-kfi^syowngs-Mee 
 
 
 ODgS 
 
 
70 
 
 Correspondence. oDODGo^DODGG|8oo^j.83^SGpfi 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 address 
 
 ^DODOSS 
 
 hmaA-zaA-layk 
 
 blotting-paper 
 
 95|5oQ9|[ 
 
 hmin-hnayk-tsekkoo 
 
 date 
 
 G^.§ 
 
 nay-zweh 
 
 dead letter office 
 
 ODGOOO^oS 
 
 tsaA-May-dik 
 
 envelope 
 
 odgSoS 
 
 tsaA-ayk 
 
 fasten, to 
 
 ooSoo^ 
 
 hka^t-thee 
 
 immediate 
 
 SDcqSs^g? 
 
 a^-lyin-aA-mya^n 
 
 ink 
 
 ^6g|^ 
 
 hmin-yee 
 
 inkstand 
 
 ^6c^§ 
 
 hmin-oAs 
 
 letter, note 
 
 ^DODIl GQ^DOD 
 
 hma^-zaA, myittaA-zaA 
 
 letter-box 
 
 3o5coSoOD 
 
 det-thitta^ 
 
 note-paper 
 
 ODGG|§0^|| 
 
 tsa^-yays tsekkoo 
 
 packet 
 
 330^6 
 
 aA-htoAk 
 
 pen 
 
 oogcodSii ^8op 
 
 kaMowng, hmin-daAn 
 
 penknife 
 
 cx)d2oogco8 
 
 da/iS-gaAlays 
 
 pencil 
 
 boo 
 
 hkeh-daAn 
 
 post-office 
 
 3o5§8ll ODC^oS 
 
 det-yo^ns, tsa^-dik 
 
 quire 
 
 33C^DJ9^5 
 
 aA-hlwa^ hna^-seh-lays- 
 
 ream 
 
 3DC^D900 
 
 a^-hlwaAlays-yaA [jaAt 
 
 seal, a 
 
 o5a85 
 
 ta^-zayt 
 
 — ,to 
 
 ood85oo5oo^ 
 
 taA-zayt hkaAt-thee 
 
 sealing-wax 
 
 ^o5iioogo5d5°^ 
 
 chayt, thim8baw-jayt 
 
 sheet 
 
 33C^D 
 
 a^-hlwaA 
 
 signature 
 
 cooS^^oS 
 
 let-hma^t 
 
 telegraph, to 
 
 G@8^$8§oSoD^ 
 
 kyays-na/ms yik-thee 
 
 urgent 
 
 CX^8g?§D 
 
 lyin-myaAn-zo ah 
 
 writing-materials 
 
 ODGG)8G|?33 Gp 
 
 tsa^-yayS-yaAn aA-yaA 
 

 71 
 
 
 Military Terms. c8 
 
 ^^^SEGpn 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 accoutrements 
 
 oSooJoOD 
 
 tsit-taA-zaA 
 
 i . . 
 ! ammunition 
 
 bo3§3 
 
 hkeh-yaAn 
 
 1 anvil 
 
 GO 
 
 pay 
 
 arms 
 
 cooS^oS 
 
 let-net o?' len-net 
 
 arsenal 
 
 coo5^o6o^o5 
 
 let-net-tik 
 
 artillery 
 
 3Dq{^DcS^ 
 
 aA-myowk-ts6o 
 
 attack, to 
 
 cf^cSco^ 
 
 tik-thee 
 
 battery (fort) 
 
 GgoOO^oS 
 
 myay-ga^-doAk 
 
 bayonet 
 
 GOO^oSgSc^ 
 
 thay-na^t-tsoot-hlaAn 
 
 bomb 
 
 c^Ss 
 
 boAns 
 
 — shell 
 
 c^5§^? 
 
 boAns-zaAn 
 
 breach of gun 
 
 33GgDo5s]88 
 
 aA-myowk-yins 
 
 brigade 
 
 O^GjOD5fj) 
 
 thoo-yeh da/jt-tso6 
 
 bullet 
 
 ^S-9 
 
 kyee-zee 
 
 camp 
 
 ODo'oJS 
 
 tsa^-hkaAns 
 
 cannon 
 
 33GgDoS 
 
 aA-myo\vk 
 
 — ball 
 
 33GgDo5oO? 
 
 aA-myovvk-saAn • 
 
 captain 
 
 OOGp^oS 
 
 taA-yaA-bo^ 
 
 cartridge 
 
 oo6ogood5 
 
 ya^ns-downg 
 
 cavalry 
 
 §6883008 
 
 myins-zees-ta^t 
 
 colonel 
 
 oogoodS^oS 
 
 ta^-htowng-boA 
 
 division 
 
 ^^^SC^@§ 
 
 thoo-yeh-daAt-tsoo-jees 
 
 drum 
 
 og 
 
 tsee 
 
 drummer 
 
 o^o88odqd3 
 
 tsee-tees-thaAmaA: 
 
 fascines 
 
 oo6§o^§ 
 
 htins-zees 
 
 fight, to 
 
 oSo^oSoo^ 
 
 tsit-tik-thee 
 
 fosse 
 
 cx^is 
 
 kyoAn: 
 
72 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation, 
 
 furlough (leave) 
 
 3=8§ 
 
 aA-hkwin 
 
 general 
 
 Pc6q|5 
 
 boA-joAk 
 
 guard (house) 
 
 cr^Sodb 
 
 kins-deh 
 
 guide 
 
 coSsg 
 
 la^ns-byaA 
 
 haversack 
 
 c^oSaSoS 
 
 Iweh-ayk 
 
 hospital 
 
 C^^D^ 
 
 loo-naA-yoAn 
 
 helmet 
 
 OGODOS 
 
 hkaA-mowk 
 
 infantry 
 
 Gg3D^ 
 
 chyay-theh 
 
 lock of gun 
 
 GOO^o588335 
 
 thay-na^t mees-ayn 
 
 magazine 
 
 oo8§o^o5 
 
 yaAns-dik 
 
 major 
 
 clScp^oS 
 
 gnaAs-yah-boA 
 
 mallet 
 
 coo5^o5 
 
 let-yik 
 
 mine 
 
 cgogSs 
 
 myay-dwins 
 
 mutiny 
 
 C^|03$g83 
 
 po^n-ka^n-jin; 
 
 officer 
 
 ^cSn oSSoS 
 
 hoh, tsit-boA 
 
 outpost 
 
 ooSsooS 
 
 kins-da^t 
 
 picket (peg) 
 
 OdS^IJiI § 
 
 thit-choon, tso^ 1 
 
 platform 
 
 06 
 
 tsin 
 
 powder 
 
 ooSeooS 
 
 yaAn; 
 
 rammer 
 
 0^300 
 
 htoAs- da/in 
 
 reg-iment 
 
 008 
 
 taAt 
 
 rifle, gun 
 
 ^oSooSllGOO^oS 
 
 yik-paAt, thay-na/it 
 
 — barrel 
 
 ^oScoSgQdSs 
 
 yik-paAt-pyowngs 
 
 — cock 
 
 godSs 
 
 mowngs 
 
 — stock 
 
 goSooSiSS 
 
 yik-pa^t-ayn 
 
 sentry 
 
 33GC]5 
 
 aA-tsowng 
 
 soldiers 
 
 OSOO^IICOOSODDS 
 
 tsit-thee, taAt-thaAs 
 
 — (European) 
 
 GoTcp 
 
 gaw-yaA 
 
 sword 
 
 O33ogo5 
 
 daA-lweh 
 
73 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 shovel 
 stockade 
 town ^^all 
 
 trigger 
 
 odScoS 
 
 oooSocS 
 
 0811 o8o^o5g88 
 
 toos-yooins-byaAs 
 
 thit-ta^t 
 
 myoh-\6h% 
 
 let-hloAk 
 
 tsit, tsit-tik-chinS 
 
 
 ascetic 
 
 begging-bowl 
 bell (large) 
 
 — (small) 
 books 
 
 — sacred (Bible) 
 Buddha 
 
 Religion 
 
 oo8c^ 
 
 goISsgcodSo 
 
 oo^?co^8 
 
 oq|8oii 8^ooo5 
 
 Buddhist religion 
 cemetery 
 j Christian 
 1 Christianity 
 church (Buddhist) 
 — (other bodies) 
 j — (building) 
 I clergyman 
 |cothn 
 
 congregation 
 convent (for nuns) 
 corpse 
 Creator, the 
 
 C^gOODODO 
 
 O€|So00$ 
 QS|8oODOO-> 
 
 300oSoGOo5 
 
 0:j)0gDG)^5 
 
 SOSpiiO^DOOGp 
 
 00 ODD 
 
 O^ODDOS 
 
 QOSOOGOOS GOfiJI 080 
 
 33G01oSo 
 
 SSO^OODOODll 
 
 hpoAs-thoo-daw 
 
 tha^bayt 
 
 hkowngs-lowngS 
 
 sees-lees 
 
 tsaA-oAk 
 
 kyaAns, peedaAkaAt 
 
 hpaA-ya^s thaA-hken, 
 
 boAk-da^ 
 boAkdaA-ba^/^a^ 
 thins-jin 
 hka^-yit-yaAn 
 hka^-yit-baA^AaA 
 thinghaA 
 
 aA-thinS-daw [ya^t 
 thoodaAmmaA-zaA 
 saA-ya/i, daAmmaA- 
 taA-laA [saA-yaA 
 
 paA-yayk-thaAt 
 ■' meh-thoo-daw-jowngs 
 
 aMowno-s 
 
 c3$ooS8goo5<j^good hpaAn-zinS-daw-moo- 
 
 OC^GpoCgS 
 
 Maw-hpaA-yaAs-1 liaA- 
 hken 
 
74 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 cross 
 
 cx)oSol§oo6o§5 
 
 let-wa^S-ga^t-ting 
 
 fast, to 
 
 330DG^d6oO^ 
 
 aA-tsa^ showng-/Ae§ 
 
 fast-day 
 
 gc^oSc^. 
 
 ooboAk-nay 
 
 festival 
 
 §G% 
 
 pweh-nay 
 
 funeral 
 
 QOOD 
 
 maA-thaA 
 
 — of monk 
 
 o^^geg 
 
 hpo^ns-jees-bya^n 
 
 funeral rite^to per- 
 
 odB\^c8co^ 
 
 thin-j6A-/Aee 
 
 ghosts [form 
 
 OQ^S 
 
 taA-s:iy 
 
 God 
 
 cqGpS(^8 
 
 hpa^-ya^s-th aA-hken 
 
 heaven 
 
 ^d5§ii goodSsooS 
 
 moAs, kowngs-gin 
 
 hell 
 
 c^ 
 
 gnaA-yeh 
 
 hermit 
 
 G)Ga:>3 
 
 yaA-thay 
 
 image 
 
 ^bcq 
 
 yoAk-too 
 
 monastery 
 
 goqjdSs 
 
 kyowng: 
 
 — precincts 
 
 go^dSso^oS 
 
 kyowngs-dik 
 
 monk 
 
 €|aD$8ll oc^^sgs 
 
 ya^-haAns, hpoAnS-jee: 
 
 monk's dress 
 
 OOo5?8 
 
 thingaAnS 
 
 nun 
 
 ooSo^cooS 
 
 meh-thoo-daw 
 
 pagoda 
 
 GOc8ii oqcpS 
 
 zay-dee, hpaA-yaAs 
 
 pray 
 
 3C^GOOd6800^ 
 
 s6o-downgs-/Aee 
 
 probationer 
 
 godS^jSii oddogod 
 
 mowng-yin, tha^maA- 
 
 preach, to 
 
 00€p2GODDp5 
 
 tah-yahi haw-/Aee [nay 
 
 religion 
 
 ODDOD^DQCOS 
 
 t h a A- thsih-ii a A-daw 
 
 rest-house 
 
 Q)G|5 
 
 zaA-yaAt 
 
 scholar [ings 
 
 o:^"^ 
 
 taA-beh 
 
 supernatural^ be- 
 
 ^oSll G30 
 
 na^t, daywaA 
 
 1 The 'nahi' is a supernatural being answering to the fairy or kelpie. 
 Dewah is the Pali name connected with Lat. deus. They are supposed to 
 be everywhere and have to be appeased by small sacrifices. The ndgahl 
 lives in the water and underground and corresponds to the drak or dragon. 
 

 75 
 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese, 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 supernatural ser- 
 
 ^olS 
 
 iiaAg-aAs 
 
 umbrella [pents 
 
 088 
 
 htees 
 
 water-tank 
 
 GGjOoJ 
 
 yay-gaAn 
 
 weathercock 
 
 5o5«<?.ds 
 
 hgnet-maA-naAs 
 
 Society and 
 
 Government. 33^3G|Q8§j,S33Gp^cg 
 
 circle (division of 
 
 c^oS 
 
 tik 
 
 a district) 
 
 
 
 — , head man of 
 
 c^oSo^ga 
 
 tik thaA-jee§ 
 
 citizen 
 
 ,§ODDS 
 
 myoh-thkhl jeeS 
 
 commissioner 
 
 o5^8GOD5o83gB 
 
 w66n-shin-daw mins- 
 
 assistant do. 
 
 o5goodo5god5q6§ 
 
 woon-dowk-da\v-min8 
 
 deputy do. 
 
 33GG|2^8q68 
 
 aA-yays-bing-mins 
 
 ibrest officer 
 
 od6goddo$goodo5 
 
 thit-taw woon-dowk 
 
 udge 
 
 ODGp8oD:j^gs 
 
 ta^-yaA-maA tha^-jees 
 
 !dng 
 
 ^^^^s 
 
 shin-baA-yin 
 
 dngdom 
 
 ?8c 
 
 ning-gna^n 
 
 andowner 
 
 Gg5|8 
 
 myay-shin 
 
 essee of fishery 
 
 336scx^g^ 
 
 in° tha^-jees 
 
 nagistrate 
 
 €pO)OoSo6o 
 
 yaAzaAwoot-minS 
 
 — (of town) 
 
 goS 
 
 myoA woon 
 
 ninister of state 
 
 3303820? 
 
 a A- twins woon 
 
 )easant 
 
 GO^I^GOODOODo 
 
 kyays-da\v-MaAs 
 
 people 
 
 6^^S^^^^ 
 
 pyee-Moo pyee-/AaAs 
 
 )rince, princess 
 
 o8oODDall Q8oC§i 
 
 mini-thaht, mins-/AaA 
 
 )rovince, division 
 
 ^oSii 0^8 
 
 neh, hkaA-ying [mee 
 
 [ueen (own right) 
 
 o:jG|8o 
 
 baA-yin-maA 
 
 - (of king) 
 
 Sc^GpS 
 
 mee-baA-yaAs 
 
76 
 
 English. 
 
 Bui 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 revenue 
 secretary 
 secretary (chief) 
 timber- forest-con- 
 tractor [trate 
 township magis- 
 village constable 
 — elder 
 villager 
 
 gq; 
 
 ODGG|§ll ODgG|§(^2 
 330g6oO§GOODo5 
 
 ooSgoISo 
 
 gjDGolSS 
 
 g|DCX)DBn (f.) <^Dzq 
 
 aA-hkoon [jeeJ 
 
 tsa^-yays, tsaA-yayS 
 aA-twins woon-dowk 
 thit-gowngS 
 
 myo^-oAk 
 yooaA-gowns:; 
 yooa^-loo-jees 
 j663.h-th'dhi, (f.) yooaA- 
 thoo 
 
 I 
 
 Government Departments. 33^<s)GG|8gD^> 
 
 Accounts 
 
 Cadastral Survey 
 Civil 
 
 Customs 
 
 Education 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Forest 
 G eneral 
 
 Home 
 
 Jail 
 
 Judicial 
 
 GgG^o5GG|§gD^ 
 
 COcSGpGG|2gD^ 
 OOGp80GG|3gD^ 
 
 QQGOODo5GC|8gD4> 
 
 O^DGG|3gD^ 
 
 ^5cg38GG)8gD^ 
 
 OoSGOODGS|8gD^ 
 33G[8G|5G^8gD^ 
 
 ^6cGC|8gD^ 
 
 330q]^8GG|3gD4, 
 CO GplG^(hO'jS GG^l 
 
 Gnway-dilv-yayS htaA 
 
 naA 
 Leh-ya^ yays hta/ma^ 
 Thhyah-mah yay 
 
 htahns^h 
 AA-kowk yays hta^naA 
 PeenyaA yayS htaAna^s 
 Ning- gnaAn-chaA 
 
 yays htaAnaA 
 T hit- taw yays litaAnaA 
 AA-yaAt-yaAt yay 
 
 hta^naA [na/ 
 
 Ning-gnaAn yays htaA 
 AA-kyins yays hta/^nay 
 Ta/iy a// 5 ykh zaA-woot 
 
 yays hta/maA 
 
n 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Legislative 
 
 Military 
 
 Police 
 
 Postal 
 Public-Works 
 
 Revenue 
 
 [ment 
 Revenue Settle- 
 Telegraph 
 
 Govt. Prosecutor 
 
 do. Translator 
 Supt. of Govern- 
 ment Printino- 
 
 <o5GS|2gD^ 
 GpC&.Oo5G-|'gD^ 
 
 ^6 C O^ OSOC^S G 000 8 
 GG)ggD^ 
 
 gI^Sc^S^d^ 
 
 G[f^84>^§GG|SCjD<?, 
 
 33^2 G) 33^0^ o5 G^ 
 3D^8G)ODGOc5(c5$ 
 
 a. 5 
 
 Oopa^day-pyoo htaA- 
 Tsit yays htaAna^ [naA 
 YaAza^-woot yays 
 
 hta/aiaA 
 TsaA-dik yays hta^naA 
 Ning.gnaAn-dwet-loAk- 
 
 sowng yays litaAnaA 
 A^-hko6n-daw yays 
 
 litfiAnaA 
 Ky ays-ding htaAnaA 
 Kyays-na^iiS yays- 
 
 hta//-naA 
 
 AA-tsoAs-yaA a^-hmoo- 
 
 lik shay-nay [byaAn 
 
 Kh-\ sohi-jsih tsaA-daw- 
 
 A/i-ts6As-yaA poAn- 
 
 hnayk-tik-o/ik 
 
78 
 
 The Cardinal Numbers. ocdd$2c^d^5»533q^u 
 
 (For Grammatical Notes, see p. 114.) 
 
 Burmese Burmese words. Pronunciation, 
 
 character. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 J 
 9 
 9 
 
 D 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 11 
 
 00 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 09 
 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 
 09 
 
 17 
 
 07 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 
 19 
 
 ^a 
 
 20 
 
 JO 
 
 21 
 
 J^ 
 
 30 
 
 90 
 
 40 
 
 90 
 
 50 
 
 30 ; 
 
 coo 
 
 GCOS 
 
 els 
 
 G§Do5 
 
 ^2 
 
 ODOOC^ 
 
 ooooo5j)SooS 
 
 O330o5j)8j)8 
 
 ODOoo5j)6a^8 
 
 0030o5j>5gco8 
 
 oDaDoS|>8cl8 
 
 ooooo5|>69j>S 
 
 O0£Dc5^8^6 
 
 ooao £^6c8^ 
 j)8aooS 
 
 J)63035j)Soo8 
 
 odSoooS 
 
 godSoocS 
 
 clsoooS 
 
 1 The a8 hnin, and, may 
 
 tit (or taA in composition) 
 
 hnit {or hnhh in composi- 
 
 thoAns [tion) 
 
 lay: 
 
 gnaAs 
 
 chowk 
 
 hkoo-hnit 
 
 shit 
 
 kdhi 
 
 taA seh 
 
 taA seh hnin ' tit or seh-tit 
 
 taA seh hnin hnit 
 
 taA seh hnin thoAns 
 
 o 
 
 taA seh hnin lavs 
 taA seh hnin gna^S 
 tah seh hnin chowk 
 taA seh hnin khoo-hnit 
 ta^ seh hnin shit 
 
 o 
 
 taA seh hnin kohl 
 hnit seh or hmxh seh 
 hnit seh hnin tit or hna/ 
 
 o 
 
 thoAns zeh [seh til 
 
 lays zeh 
 2:naAs zeh 
 
 always be left out. 
 
Burmese 
 character. 
 
 79 
 
 Burmese words. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 60 
 
 (so 
 
 GgDo5ooo5 
 
 chowk seh 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 C^J)SSDC^ 
 
 hkoo-hnit seh 
 
 80 
 
 00 
 
 5|6£Do5 
 
 shit seh 
 
 90 
 
 QO 
 
 C^SCOC^ 
 
 kohl zeh 
 
 100 
 
 000 
 
 00 Gp 
 
 taA yah 
 
 101 
 
 000 
 
 ooGp^SooS 
 
 tkh yak hnin tit 
 
 110 
 
 000 
 
 OOGpOOOOC^ 
 
 taA yfiA taA seh 
 
 200 
 
 J 00 
 
 j;)SGp 
 
 hnhh yah 
 
 1,000 
 
 0000 
 
 oogcod5§ 
 
 taA htowngs 
 
 10,000 
 
 00000 
 
 OOGODOSS 
 
 taA thowngs 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 0000000 
 
 0000 5>2 
 
 taA tha^n 
 
 D. 1910, 0(30o, taA htowng"? koAs yaA taA seh. 
 
 Numeral Auxiliaries} 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Meaning. 
 
 Use. 
 
 3D§S 
 
 aA-oos 
 
 That which is first 
 or chief 
 
 For rational beings 
 
 33GOOd6 
 
 aA-kowng 
 
 An animal 
 
 For brute beasts 
 
 33g(3d68 
 330g83 
 
 aA-kyowngs 
 aA-kwins 
 
 An extended Hne 
 A ring, circle 
 
 For extended 
 things, like roads 
 
 For rings, nooses, 
 &c. 
 
 3^9 
 
 cU-hk66 
 
 (Uncertain) 
 
 For things which 
 cannot be de- 
 scribed 
 
 3S9]5 
 
 aA-chaAt 
 
 A flat thing 
 
 For flat and thin 
 things, hke mats 
 
 * See p. 1 14. 
 
80 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Meaning. 
 
 Use. 
 
 qqg^dSs 
 
 aA-chowngs 
 
 A bar 
 
 For things lonj; 
 and straight, as 
 needles 
 
 33§^§ 
 
 a^-hkoons 
 
 (Uncertain) 
 
 For words 
 
 33082 
 
 aA-isins 
 
 From oSs tsins, to 
 
 Things long and 
 
 
 
 extend in a hne 
 
 straight, as spears 
 and boats 
 
 33§2 
 
 aA-tsees 
 
 What is ridden on 
 
 Ashorses and carts 
 
 33G0l6 
 
 aA-tsowng 
 
 (Uncertain) 
 
 Writings, books ! 
 
 3DQ^ 
 
 aA-soo 
 
 (Uncertain) 
 
 For pagodas 
 
 3DCQ038 
 
 aA-sovvng 
 
 A building 
 
 For houses, roofs 
 
 33005 
 
 ah-tkhn 
 
 An interval 
 
 Things occurring 
 at intervals of 
 space or time 
 
 3300f^ 
 
 a/i-hteh 
 
 A piece of cloth 
 
 For clothing ' 
 
 33o8 
 
 aA-pin 
 
 A plant 
 
 For plants 1 
 
 33olS 
 
 a/i-pa/iS 
 
 Meaning is uncer- 
 
 For deities, eccle- 
 
 
 
 tain, but proba- 
 
 siastics, and per- 
 
 
 
 bly from olspaAs, 
 
 sons in power 
 
 
 
 to be separate 
 
 
 33(yD8 
 
 aA-pya^S 
 
 Flat things 
 
 As boards i 
 
 33005 
 
 aA-hpet 
 
 A side 
 
 For things usually 
 in pairs, as hands ' 
 
 33COo5 
 
 aA-let 
 
 A hand 
 
 Weapons, tools, or j 
 what is used in , 
 the hand 
 
 330^8 
 
 Sih-\6hn% 
 
 What is round 
 
 Things round or. 
 
 330go5 
 
 a^-thweli 
 
 Wliat is slender 
 
 As rivers [cubical 
 
 GOODOS 
 
 yowk 
 
 An old root, mean- 
 
 For ordinary men 
 
 
 
 ing uncertain, but 
 
 and women 
 
 
 
 used in connec- 
 
 
 
 
 tion with men. 
 
 
81 
 
 Examples. 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Three men 
 
 a;^3^8GooDo5 
 
 Loo thoAn: yowk 
 
 Five trees 
 
 oo6o8c]8o6 
 
 Thit-pin gnaAs bin 
 
 Six dogs 
 
 GgScgDoScoODS 
 
 Hkways chowk 
 kowng 
 
 Four rupees 
 
 G^lcCOggDS 
 
 DingaA layJ byaA» 
 
 Two objects of 
 
 0C^Gp§j,S0Cj^ 
 
 Hpa^yaA; hnit soo 
 
 worship 
 
 
 
 One cart 
 
 c^^§oo8s 
 
 HIehs ta^ zee: 
 
 Four canoes 
 
 GC^GCOSoSa 
 
 Hlay lay: zin: 
 
 A table 
 
 032^00 C^ 
 
 TsaA-bweh iU hkoo 
 
 Three monks 
 
 C[oo58a^8ol3 
 
 YaMAn: thoAn: baA: 
 
 Two fingers 
 
 CO o5 G ^d8§ J.S 
 
 Let-chowng: hnaA 
 
 
 g^dSs 
 
 chowng: 
 
 A word 
 
 OOODSOOgJS 
 
 TsaAgaA: taA hkoou: 
 
 Ordinal Numerals. 3s833ogc^[oGooDOD^DoaDD^l 
 
 (For Grammatical Notes, see p. 115.) 
 
 first 
 second 
 third 
 fourth 
 fifth 
 sixth 
 seventh 
 ighth 
 ainth 
 :enth 
 
 BUKMESB 3.-T 
 
 qo8oo 
 C00800 
 
 QOgO 
 33gQ 
 300Q 
 
 paA-htaA-maA 
 
 doo-tee-yaA 
 
 taA-tee-yaA 
 
 tsaA-doAk-htaA 
 
 pyin-tsa^-maA 
 
 saA-htaA-maA 
 
 thaAt-taA-inaA 
 
 aA-htaA-tnaA 
 
 naA-waA-maA 
 
 daA-thaA-niaA 
 
English. 
 
 83 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 ay-kaA-da^-thaA-maA 
 dw3.h-dsih-ihsih-mah 
 
 eleventh googooo 
 
 twelfth §1 30D0 
 
 The above are all Pali words, and are not used beyond 
 twelve. Being polysyllables they ought not to be divided, 
 but the hyphen is used to assist pronunciation. 
 
 Collective and Fractional Numbers. 
 
 33GG[33C^oSog5^£2qjDS«^c^COODOOOD2gjD2 
 
 all 
 
 33320^811 o5oS62 
 
 aAs-lo^ns, hkaAt-thayn: 
 
 couple, a 
 
 |>Ss^ll ooqii 00^ 
 
 hnaA-hkoo, taA-ya^n, 
 
 double 
 
 §)8oo 
 
 hnaA-saA [taA-zoAn 
 
 dozen, a 
 
 ooo5j.8s^ 
 
 seA-hna^-hkoo 
 
 fifth, a 
 
 cl8§68a3§S8 
 
 gnaAs-bings taA-bing: 
 
 firstly 
 
 Gsgsa^S 
 
 aA-oo5-z6An: 
 
 once 
 
 oooliioo^$ii OOo?" 
 
 taA-hkaA,taA-jayn,taA- 
 
 
 OC08 
 
 hpaAn, taA-lee 
 
 one-half 
 
 ODOoS 
 
 taA-wet 
 
 exactly half 
 
 oooSooS 
 
 htet-wet 
 
 pair, a 
 
 33^11 33q 
 
 Sih-tsohn, ah-ysihn 
 
 part, portion 
 
 33§68 
 
 aA-pings 
 
 quarter, fourth 
 
 od8o5 
 
 taA-zayt 
 
 single [part 
 
 00^00^0 
 
 taA-goo-dees ^ 
 
 third, a 
 
 c48§8§OD§82 
 
 thoAns-bingstaA-bings 
 
 threefold 
 
 o^Sao 
 
 thoAns-zaA 
 
 1 Where O is not used above as the numeri< 
 
 jal affix, it will be necessary 
 
 to use the proper affix given at pp. 79-81 inst< 
 
 3ad. 
 
 Also instead of ^80 ping, a portion, one may 
 
 use Cf pohn, heap, or <J tso6, 
 
 collection. 
 
 
 
83 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 three-quarters 
 
 093808 
 
 thohnt-zajt 
 
 three-sevenths 
 
 95>5(^a^84 
 
 hkoo-hnaA-boAn- 
 thoAns-boAn 
 
 twice 
 
 ^^o) 
 
 hnhh-hkah [hna^-zoo 
 
 two -sixths 
 
 G§3o5«^^33.59 
 
 chowk -tsoo -hmaA 
 
 whole, the 
 
 330^? II 330^3 
 
 aA-koAn, aA-l6Ans 
 
 Adjectives (Intransitive Verb Roots).^ Scoooo^oa 
 
 GOOD Maw must be added 
 
 to 
 
 each if used in front of 
 
 a noun. 
 
 
 
 (For Grammatical 
 
 Notes, see p, 113.) 
 
 able (capable) 
 
 00 oSii 00 
 oooSgSs 
 
 ^1 
 
 ;6.. 
 
 taAt, taAt-hning, taAt- 
 tsoons 
 
 awake 
 
 ^§(5^11 fo 
 
 
 
 noA: nay, nohi 
 
 bad (wicked) 
 
 ^^. 
 
 
 
 sohz 
 
 — (unsound) 
 
 ogoodSs 
 
 
 
 maA kowngS 
 
 base 
 
 09 o5 
 
 
 
 yoAk 
 
 beautiful, hand- 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 hlaA 
 
 beloved [some 
 
 # 
 
 
 
 chit 
 
 big 
 
 @8 
 
 
 
 kyees 
 
 bitter 
 
 ol8 
 
 
 
 hkaA: 
 
 Wind 
 
 00^8 
 
 
 
 kaAns 
 
 * Adjectives are often used in pairs to prevent mistake. Thus, — 
 ^ cS net means deep, not shallow ; it also means to be dark. 
 ^C&% net-neh means intellectually deep, profound. 
 
 CO hWi, handsome and also very. So to prevent mistake we may say 
 ego hl&hhskh, handsome. O pa/j by itself means shiny. 
 
 F 2 
 
84 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 blunt 
 
 0^8 
 
 toAns 
 
 bold^ brave 
 
 2j„ ^^5 
 
 yeh, yeh-yin 
 
 bright 
 
 g(^d8 
 
 pyowng 
 
 broad, wide 
 
 cqcS 
 
 kyeh 
 
 careful 
 
 ooo8(^oooS 
 
 thaAdee pyoo-daAt 
 
 careless 
 
 O3o8co8 
 
 thaAdee Ut 
 
 cheap 
 
 3^^iq 
 
 aA-hp6As choA 
 
 clean 
 
 0811 o6(^o5ii oo| 
 
 tsin, tsin-kyeh, thaAn- 
 
 clear 
 
 @^co5 [^bi 
 
 kyee-lin [shins 
 
 clever 
 
 cSgD 
 
 laymmaA 
 
 cold 
 
 q]§§ 
 
 chains 
 
 comfortable 
 
 OOOSOOD 
 
 thetthaA 
 
 cool 
 
 Gil GQOS 
 
 ays 
 
 corpulent 
 
 0.1 egg 
 
 wAh, hpyohS 
 
 costly 
 
 330^808 
 
 3ih-h[)6hi kyees 
 
 crazy 
 
 ^§11 ogoSii 8oS^§ 
 
 yoos, thoot, tsayt-yoos 
 
 cruel 
 
 GjoSooo [go1o6 
 
 yet-tset [powk 
 
 damp 
 
 0^63 
 
 htings 
 
 dark 
 
 g^dSii ^oSii ^ 
 
 hmowng, mik, nyoA 
 
 deaf 
 
 ^D§o8§ll ^38GC0§ 
 
 nhhl pin2, na^s lays 
 
 dear (in price) 
 
 3DO?Sg8 
 
 aA-hp6As kyees 
 
 deep (not shallow) 
 
 ^o5 
 
 net 
 
 — (of purpose) 
 
 ^a5>> 
 
 net-neh 
 
 different 
 
 gDS^DSlI C§§^§ll 09; 
 
 chaAs-naAs, kweh- 
 
 dim 
 
 3f? 
 
 hmo/ni [byahs, litoos 
 
 dirty 
 
 ^8 
 
 iiyit 
 
 dry 
 
 GOgll G§DaS 
 
 thway, chowk 
 
 dull (of weather) 
 
 c4(_ 
 
 oAn 
 
 dumb 
 
 33 
 
 a// 
 
85 
 
 r English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 dusty 
 
 C3001I <^cq 
 
 h[joAn-hta^, hpoAn- 
 
 early 
 
 GOD 
 
 tsaw [htoo 
 
 easy (to do) 
 
 ogoS 
 
 Iweh 
 
 empty 
 
 o^oScoS 
 
 loot-laAt 
 
 even 
 
 s& 
 
 nyee-nyaA 
 
 false 
 
 QO^oSiiyt^^ 
 
 maA-hoAk, maA-hmaAn 
 
 far 
 
 GOS 
 
 ways 
 
 few 
 
 ^^811 9,D8 
 
 nehs, sha^s 
 
 fine (excellent) 
 
 goodSdQoSu goS 
 
 kowngs-myaAt, myaAt 
 
 — (in quality) 
 
 cgoii ^o5 
 
 chaw, nyet 
 
 fit (for) 
 
 gooSgo^S 
 
 taw-lyaw 
 
 flat 
 
 @D3ll g^ 
 
 pyaAs, pya^n 
 
 foolish 
 
 ^o5.. ^$8 
 
 niik, hnaAnS 
 
 fortunate 
 
 oo^oodSs 
 
 kaAn-gowngS 
 
 free 
 
 oo65(^oS 
 
 kins-loot 
 
 fresh 
 
 co^Sii oo8 
 
 laAns, thit 
 
 full 
 
 s^^ 
 
 pyee-zo^n 
 
 S^J 
 
 ^8co^2iio58GgDo5 
 
 shwin-laAnS, woons 
 
 general, usual 
 
 QSgco 
 
 hpyit-lay [myowk 
 
 gentle 
 
 r^^ 
 
 noos-nyahn 
 
 glad 
 
 g5oD$3 
 
 shwin-la^ns 
 
 good 
 
 good88 
 
 kowngs 
 
 grand 
 
 s?@^ 
 
 myin-myaAt 
 
 great 
 
 g3ll(P.) QODD 
 
 kyees, (P.) ma^ha^ 
 
 happy 
 
 q]§8oDD 
 
 cha/ms-/AaA 
 
 hard 
 
 QD 
 
 maA 
 
 — (difficult) 
 
 oo5b 
 
 hket-hkeh 
 
 — (disposition) 
 
 (05620088 
 
 kyaAnS-daAnS 
 
 heavy 
 
 GC03 
 
 lays 
 
86 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation, 
 
 high 
 
 honest 
 
 hot 
 
 hungry 
 
 ill (unwell) 
 
 important 
 
 just 
 
 lame 
 
 large, vast 
 
 last 
 
 late 
 
 lazy 
 
 lean 
 
 light (not heavy) 
 
 hght (not dark) 
 
 Uke 
 
 little (small) 
 
 long 
 
 — (of time) 
 loose 
 
 low (in place) 
 
 — (in spirits) 
 many 
 
 mild 
 
 muddy 
 
 natural 
 
 near 
 
 new 
 
 nice, tasty 
 
 g§ 
 
 goSoSoS 
 
 G§Og6§ 
 
 (^8oq|o5 
 
 G^DoSogi 
 
 9|58ll c^Ss^ 
 
 85iig 
 
 Gol 
 
 coSs 
 °^ 
 
 CoSlI ODGCOS 
 
 ^8co5§ 
 
 4|D2 
 
 .^8^11 o86g^ 
 
 G^DOS 
 
 OOOODOII ^8^ 
 |§II ^Dg 
 
 oo8 
 
 a8§ll 33C|00^ 
 
 hpyowng-ma^t, yoAs- 
 
 poo [thkhl 
 
 moot-thayt 
 
 II a^, msih-inah 
 
 gaAyoo pyoo-bweh 
 
 hpyowng-maAt 
 
 chyay maA tsoons 
 
 kyees-kyeh 
 
 nowk-soAns 
 
 nowk-kyaA 
 
 pyins, pyins-yee 
 
 payn, kyoAn 
 
 paw 
 
 hn: 
 
 too 
 
 gnehSj kaAlayS 
 
 shay 
 
 kyaA 
 
 mah kyaAt, chowng 
 
 nayn 
 
 hnyoAs-gneA 
 
 myaAo 
 
 nooo - nyaAn, thayn - 
 
 nowk [mway 
 
 tha^baAwaA, na^goA 
 
 nee8, naAS 
 
 thit 
 
 sayn, aA-yaA-MaA shee 
 
87 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 old^ (not new) 
 
 goodSs 
 
 howngs 
 
 open 
 
 2? 
 
 pwin 
 
 — (gaping) 
 
 OO 
 
 Mh 
 
 patient 
 
 oo^?6 
 
 thees-hkaAn 
 
 pltasant 
 
 OODII CODODD 
 
 thaA, thaA-ya^ 
 
 poor (not rich) 
 
 OoSiGj 
 
 sins-yeh 
 
 poor (in quality) 
 
 s 
 
 nya^n 
 
 poor (to be pitied) 
 
 OO^D^C^oS 
 
 thaAna^;-bweh 
 
 possible 
 
 @S|S 
 
 hpyit-ning 
 
 pretty 
 
 c^iiOoSoooS 
 
 hla^, tin-deh 
 
 private (secluded) 
 
 sBoSo^c^ 
 
 sayt-kweh 
 
 — (personal) 
 
 d^C^J>5oDDQ^C 
 
 koA-hnin ihah sing 
 
 probable 
 
 §8oD2^ii gS 
 
 hpyit-laAttaAn, hpyit- 
 
 
 [goodSs 
 
 kowngs 
 
 proud 
 
 8oSg8llGOo5GoS 
 
 tsayt-myin, htaw-maw 
 
 pure, clean 
 
 o8go5ii oD^^^Si 
 
 tsin-kyeh, thaAn-shins 
 
 quick, swift 
 
 a^8ii g? 
 
 lyin, myaAn 
 
 quiet 
 
 (§5oDC^ 
 
 gnyayn-thet 
 
 — (scarce) 
 
 5|38ol3 
 
 sha^S-baA; 
 
 raw 
 
 858 
 
 tsayns 
 
 rich 
 
 go5o 
 
 kyo6-eh-waA 
 
 right, true 
 
 ^Jii ojoS 
 
 hmaAn, hoAk 
 
 ripe 
 
 9^ 
 
 hmeh 
 
 rough 
 
 g§s 
 
 kya^ns 
 
 round 
 
 c^s 
 
 lohn'o 
 
 rude 
 
 §6s,, §Si@ 
 
 ying, ying2-byaA 
 
 sad 
 
 8c^(j^ii o58^^8 
 
 tsayt-poo, woons nehs 
 
 * Old (in age) 3^11 3300 o5 (^3. GOOd68 is used only for inanimate 
 things, except in the sense of former, like French ancim. 
 
88 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 safe, secure 
 
 ^^Jl 
 
 loAn-choAn 
 
 sharp 
 
 <x>o5 
 
 htet 
 
 — (of sound) 
 
 1^ 
 
 tsoo: 
 
 short 
 
 ^ 
 
 toA 
 
 — (of time) 
 
 0@D 
 
 maA kyaA 
 
 short (in stature) 
 
 9 
 
 poo 
 
 silent 
 
 c^oSsSoS 
 
 tayt-sayt 
 
 slow 
 
 GJ'?fl §^=25^2 
 
 hnays, hpynys-hnyinS 
 
 small 
 
 CoSlI G008 
 
 gnc'h, thays 
 
 smooth 
 
 G9JDII G@g8 
 
 chaw, pyay-byit / 
 
 soft 
 
 ^'■-^9" %^^ 
 
 pyaw, nooS-nyaAn 
 
 sour 
 
 ^s 
 
 chin 
 
 square 
 
 OO^G)^8g8 
 
 tsaAdooyaAns hpyit 
 
 straight 
 
 g@dS 
 
 hpyowng 
 
 strange (curious) 
 
 cqizo%% 
 
 htoos-zaAn; 
 
 strong 
 
 ^SSODII 33D8g§ 
 
 tsoonS-maA, aAs-kyee; 
 
 stupid, dull 
 
 ^DCoSo^n o^S§§83 
 
 nyaAn - htoAn, htings- 
 
 sufficient 
 
 GCODoS 
 
 lowk [hmings 
 
 sweet 
 
 4 
 
 choA 
 
 — smelling 
 
 G^8 
 
 hmways 
 
 tall 
 
 33G)5 (28 
 
 aA-yaAt-myin 
 
 thick (stout) 
 
 oc^o5 
 
 toAk 
 
 — , dense 
 
 C^8 
 
 pyit 
 
 thin 
 
 olSlI QC^5 
 
 pa/(t5, maA pyit 
 
 thirsty 
 
 GG|Co5 
 
 yay-gnaAt 
 
 tough 
 
 C^g8n ^86 
 
 p^ins, hking-gaAn 
 
 ugly 
 
 33^6q^^II 009 
 
 2ih-yohk sohi, maA hlaA 
 
 useful 
 
 330^8o5u 330^3^ 
 
 aA-tho>^ns win, aA-ky oAs 
 
 usual 
 
 §6gco^ 
 
 hpyit-lay shee [shee 
 
English. 
 
 89 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 valuable 
 
 330^?0^c6u 33o5B 
 
 a^-hpoA; htik, aA- 
 
 
 00$ 
 
 hpoAs taAn 
 
 various 
 
 cx;^S§D§ii 3DOC2?a;^3 
 
 htoos-jaAs, aA-htoosdoos 
 
 warm 
 
 c^oii 3^aS 
 
 nways, ik 
 
 weak 
 
 33D2^p5§ll Qj^ll Gol 
 
 aAsneh2,cheh-neh, paw 
 
 wet 
 
 ^., §g^ 
 
 tsoh, tsoA-zoot 
 
 willing 
 
 8^ol 
 
 tsayt-paA 
 
 wise 
 
 O^Dg 
 
 pyinyaA shee 
 
 wrong 
 
 0^5 
 
 maA hmaAn 
 
 — (erroneous) 
 
 ^D2C§ 
 
 hmaAS-lweh 
 
 young 
 
 3300 0SC(^ 
 
 aA-thet gneh 
 
 Verbs, oo^oodu 
 
 (For Grammatical Notes, see p. ii5-) 
 
 [Most of the Intransitive Verbs will be found with the 
 adjectives. 00^ thee to be added to each.] 
 
 To accept (agree) 
 
 o^o 
 
 woon-hka^n 
 
 „ — (receive) 
 
 ocq 
 
 hkaAn-yoo 
 
 „ ache 
 
 c^c^ 
 
 kik 
 
 „ acquire 
 
 G|ll G|8 
 
 yaA, yaA-mee 
 
 „ add 
 
 Gol6s 
 
 powngs 
 
 „ admire 
 
 j)Sooo5 
 
 hnit-thet 
 
 „ admonish 
 
 ^'i 
 
 so^mmaA 
 
 „ adore (trust in) 
 
 r^sogc^ 
 
 koAs-gweh 
 
 55 advance 
 
 C^803o5 
 
 to^s-tet 
 
 „ aid 
 
 ^^ 
 
 koo-nyee 
 
 5, answer, reply 
 
 O^G^Il g?Gg0 
 
 htoo-jyay, pyaAn-pyaw 
 
 „ applaud 
 
 ^§^§S 
 
 chees-moons 
 
90 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 To appoint 
 
 O^OODS 
 
 hkaAn-htaA: 
 
 „ approve 
 
 8o5o;| 
 
 tsayt-too 
 
 „ arise 
 
 0011 m/r. 00 GO II /r. 
 
 htaA5 htaA-zay 
 
 „ arrange 
 
 (^5qo8 
 
 pyin-zin 
 
 55 arrive 
 
 GGpo5li Q^o5 
 
 yowk, sik 
 
 ,5 ascend 
 
 00 o5 
 
 tet 
 
 55 ask 
 
 GOS 
 
 mays 
 
 55 — (demand) 
 
 goodSs 
 
 towngs 
 
 ,5 assemble 
 
 «^GOoii /r. or m/?\ 
 
 tsoo-ways 
 
 ,5 avoid 
 
 g5id8 
 
 showng 
 
 „ awaken 
 
 |§ii |8goo5 
 
 hnoAs, hnoAs-zaw 
 
 55 bathe 
 
 gG|g^Sii in/r. 
 
 yay choAs 
 
 . be 
 
 §s«§ 
 
 hpyit5 shee 
 
 55 beat 
 
 ^oSii c^oSii j;»o5 
 
 yik5 poAk5 hnet 
 
 55 begin 
 
 3D0g 
 
 aA-tsaA pyoo 
 
 55 believe 
 
 o^ \_Qcr^\\ intr. 
 
 yoAn 
 
 55 bend 
 
 ^oSii ^r. egoSii 
 
 hnyoot, ny66t5 kway 
 
 ,5 bind 
 
 91^" ^^g5>d5 
 
 chee, chee-hnowng 
 
 ,5 bite 
 
 c^c^ 
 
 kik 
 
 ,5 blame 
 
 33gSoo6 
 
 aA-pyit tin 
 
 ,5 blow 
 
 3^o5 
 
 hmoAk 
 
 ,5 — (as wind) 
 
 o^oS 
 
 tik 
 
 ,5 boast 
 
 olgDS 
 
 waA-kyooaAs 
 
 ,5 boil 
 
 goSu^joS 
 
 pyoAk, chet 
 
 55 borrow 
 
 G^Sgls [(3U /r. 
 
 chees-hgnaAs [hpeA 
 
 55 break 
 
 o:g§u m/r. §ii gii 
 
 ky6AS5 hkweh, hpyoAj 
 
 ,5 bring 
 
 O^OODII 0^5ll G00d8 
 
 yoo-laA, yoo-geh. 
 
 „ build 
 
 GooDoS [o^ii ir. 
 
 sowk [sowng-yoo 
 
 5, burn 
 
 88gcx)d6(i intr. 
 
 mees lowng 
 

 91 
 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 ro burn (set fire to) 
 
 n 
 
 mees shoA 
 
 o 
 
 « bury 
 
 G@@L05 
 
 myay-hmyoAk 
 
 „ button 
 
 33^o8800?> 
 
 in:jee-Mee:taAt 
 
 „ buy 
 
 oo5 
 
 weh 
 
 „ call 
 
 GoT 
 
 hkaw 
 
 „ carry 
 
 ccodSh ooSj 
 
 sowng, htaAnS 
 
 5, — (on head) 
 
 ^^ 
 
 yooet [mee 
 
 „ catch 
 
 oS838§ll oSsS 
 
 hpaAnJ-zees, hpa^ns- 
 
 „ change 
 
 gI^dSoU intr, <X)ii 
 
 pyowng;5 leh5 leh-hleh 
 
 „ climb 
 
 00 o5 [obc^c^ii tr. 
 
 tet 
 
 „ consent 
 
 ooGOOoo:} 
 
 thaAbaw too 
 
 „ cook 
 
 j^oS 
 
 chet 
 
 „ cough 
 
 Gg38S0^8 
 
 chowng; soA: 
 
 „ cover 
 
 3;^5ii <\ 
 
 ohk, hpoAn: 
 
 „ dance 
 
 oo 
 
 kaA 
 
 „ decide 
 
 o^sgoS 
 
 soAns-hpyaAt 
 
 „ deny 
 
 gSSooS 
 
 gnyin:-peh 
 
 „ depart, go away 
 
 OgoSogDS 
 
 htwet-thwaA: 
 
 55 descend 
 
 ooSsii ODOS 
 
 sin:, thet 
 
 55 desire, wish for 
 
 c^ii c^9|5 
 
 I0A5 loA-jin 
 
 55 do, make 
 
 §.. cx^S 
 
 pyo65 loAk 
 
 55 draw, pull 
 
 c§c8 
 
 sweh-gnin 
 
 55 dream 
 
 335«c6 
 
 ayn-met 
 
 55 drink 
 
 GOODOS 
 
 thowk 
 
 55 dress 
 
 33oo5oo5 
 
 aA-woot woot 
 
 „ dwell5 live 
 
 G^ 
 
 nay 
 
 5, eat 
 
 OD§ 
 
 tsaA: 
 
 55 endeavour 
 
 @IOD8 
 
 kyoAs-zaA? 
 
 5, escape 
 
 c§o5 
 
 loot 
 
English 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 To expel 
 
 j;)6cx^oS 
 
 hiiin-htoAk 
 
 „ extract 
 
 joS 
 
 hnoAk 
 
 „ fall 
 
 oq|ii cx) 
 
 kyaA, leh 
 
 „ feel (by touch) 
 
 063 
 
 tsaAnS 
 
 „ find, feel 
 
 ^^ 
 
 tway 
 
 „ finish 
 
 3DOOOo5ll (§oGO 
 
 aA-tsa^ thaAt, pyees- 
 
 ,, follow 
 
 c^qS 
 
 lik [zay 
 
 „ forbid 
 
 gSoODS 
 
 myit-taAs 
 
 „ forget 
 
 GQGOqjO 
 
 may-lyaw 
 
 ,, frighten 
 
 C§3 05C^| 
 
 chowk-hlaAn y 
 
 
 
 5. get 
 
 ^„ciS 
 
 yaA, ya^-mee 
 
 ,, give 
 
 GOSlI 3^5 
 
 pays, aAt 
 
 5? go 
 
 OgDS 
 
 thwaAs 
 
 .? go in 
 
 06 
 
 win 
 
 „ go out 
 
 GgoS 
 
 htwet 1 
 
 „ govern 
 
 3^ 5 ^8 
 
 ohk-isoh% 
 
 „ grow 
 
 0^811 gDS 
 
 to As, pwaA; 
 
 „ hang 
 
 0§00D8 
 
 sweh-htaAs 
 
 „ hate 
 
 ^^s 
 
 moAnS 
 
 „ hear 
 
 @DS 
 
 kyaAs 
 
 „ help 
 
 00 
 
 mkh-zsih 
 
 „ hide 
 
 go5oo38 
 
 hwet-hthht 
 
 „ — (one's-self) 
 
 c^58c^ 
 
 p6AnS-nay 
 
 „ hire 
 
 gls 
 
 hg-naAs 
 
 ,. hold 
 
 of^S 
 
 king 
 
 „ hope for 
 
 Gg|ScoS 
 
 hmyaw-lin 
 
 „ intend 
 
 ^ 
 
 kyaAn 
 
 „ join, tr. 
 
 00 o5 
 
 set 
 
 „ joke 
 
 0§€)D3 
 
 kee-zaAs 
 
93 
 
 r English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 ■ To jump 
 
 ^In 9?c^D5 
 
 hkoAn, hkoAn-hlwa/ti 
 
 „ keep 
 
 0^0033 
 
 yoo-htaA: 
 
 „ kill 
 
 00 oS 
 
 thaAt 
 
 ,5 kindle (fire) 
 
 §^^^ 
 
 mees hnyee 
 
 „ know 
 
 o3 
 
 thee 
 
 „ laugh 
 
 Gjc5 
 
 yeh 
 
 „ learn 
 
 oo6 
 
 thin 
 
 „ lend (or borrow) 
 
 G^2 
 
 chee; 
 
 J, let (permit) 
 
 33^8co2 
 
 aA-hkwin pays 
 
 „ let (or hire) 
 
 9ls' 
 
 hgnaAs 
 
 „ let go 
 
 c^oS 
 
 hloot 
 
 „ lie down 
 
 sSSii o^Sc^Sg^ 
 
 ayk, tohni-Wint nay 
 
 „ lift 
 
 ^11 o 
 
 chee, msih 
 
 „ light 
 
 og53 
 
 htoon: 
 
 „ listen 
 
 ^D 
 
 naA 
 
 „ live (be alive) 
 
 JQODcS<^B 
 
 aA-thet shin 
 
 5, lock 
 
 GOOOOOS 
 
 thaw hkaAt 
 
 „ look for 
 
 (§^?1^ 
 
 kyee-shaA 
 
 „ loosen 
 
 GC^D 
 
 shaw 
 
 „ lose 
 
 33GC^Do55li £3 
 
 aA-pyowk hka/m. 
 
 „ love 
 
 qj5 
 
 chit [shoAnS 
 
 „ mark 
 
 qoSii^c^ood2 
 
 hmaAt, hmaAt-htaAs 
 
 „ marry 
 
 c8 S 3 g ? 8 II CO o5 
 
 htaynS-myaAnS, let- 
 
 
 cd5 
 
 htaAt 
 
 5, — (of a woman) 
 
 good8j>83d cooS 
 
 sowng-hninS, let-htaAt 
 
 „ meet 
 
 <^93@ b^^ 
 
 tway-kyoAn 
 
 „ measure 
 
 O^SSC^D 
 
 tings- htwaA 
 
 „ mix 
 
 GGpG^D 
 
 vaw-hnaw 
 
 „ move, /r. 
 
 c^ 
 
 shway 
 

 94 
 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 To need, want 
 
 <^ 
 
 loA 
 
 „ obey, listen 
 
 ^d8cood8 
 
 naAs htowng 
 
 „ offend 
 
 ^.DGoii g5.d85|o5 
 
 naA-zay, hnowng-shet 
 
 „ open 
 
 85 
 
 hpwin 
 
 „ order, command 
 
 33§§G08II ^DOODS 
 
 aA-mayn-pay:, hmaA 
 
 55 own 
 
 §8 
 
 ping [htaA 
 
 55 — (confess) 
 
 g@d8 
 
 hpjowng 
 
 ,5 pack up 
 
 a^5 
 
 htoAk 1 
 
 „ pick up 
 
 GCTODOS 
 
 kowk 
 
 55 place5 put 
 
 ooDSii od8 
 
 htaA:, tin 
 
 (in) 
 
 ogSaii 00^ 
 
 thwinS5 hteh 
 
 ,, play 
 
 CXJODS 
 
 ka^-zaA: 
 
 ,5 plough 
 
 0§5 
 
 htoon j 
 
 ,5 pluck, pick 
 
 agoS 
 
 soot 
 
 55 pour out 
 
 c^§8ii ccodSsii g 
 
 thoons, lowngJ, hgnel 
 
 55 praise 
 
 §8^§§ 
 
 checo-moon: ^ 
 
 „ prepare5 repair 
 
 c^8oo8 
 
 pyin-zin 
 
 55 press 
 
 |o5i. 8 
 
 hnayk5 hpee 
 
 55 push 
 
 02$§ii 0^8 
 
 toonS5 htoAs 
 
 55 quench 
 
 OOOlGg 
 
 thaAt-hpyay 
 
 5, reach 
 
 § 
 
 hmee 
 
 55 read 
 
 ooS 
 
 hpaAt 
 
 ,5 reap 
 
 qos 
 
 yayk 
 
 55 receive 
 
 cooSoii oa^ 
 
 let-hkaAn, hkaAn-yoo 
 
 55 reckon, count 
 
 CG|0205 
 
 yay-twet 
 
 55 refuse 
 
 @88CD? 
 
 gnyins-zaAn 
 
 ,5 regret 
 
 J>SGgD 
 
 hnaA-myaw 
 
 55 remain 
 
 G^ 
 
 nay 
 
 ^ — (behind) 
 
 O^^G[8 
 
 kyaAii-yit 
 
95 
 
 English. 
 
 To remember 
 „ repay fei 
 „ rest [back) 
 „ retreat [back 
 „ return, come 
 „ — (go back) 
 „ ride 
 „ rob 
 „ rub 
 „ run 
 
 „ save (deliver) 
 „ say, tell, speak 
 „ scatter 
 J, see 
 „ seek 
 „ sell 
 
 „ serve (as ser- 
 „ sever [vant) 
 „ sew, stitch 
 „ shake 
 „ sharpen 
 „ shave 
 „ shine, intr, 
 5, show (point 
 [out) 
 „ sign (letter, &c.) 
 „ sit down 
 „ slash 
 „ sleep 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 •ive 
 
 ^ooSii ooo8g| 
 
 g?G§D 
 
 (q$cod 
 88 
 
 G@8 
 
 oocSooS 
 G^Dii a^ 
 g8,. @§ 
 
 @8 
 
 ^^ 
 
 GGpSS 
 33^0068 
 
 §^ 
 QJ(5 
 
 33GGp6c^o5 
 gl) goDll ^5g 
 
 coo5^o5o^8 
 
 hma'it-mee, thaAdee 
 
 pyaAn-pays [yaA 
 
 naAs-nay, yaAt-nay 
 
 soAk-thwaAs 
 
 pyaAn-laA 
 
 pyaAn-thwaAs 
 
 tsees 
 
 loo-yoo 
 
 poot, tik 
 
 pyays 
 
 keh-tin 
 
 pyaw, soA 
 
 kyehs, hpyaAn 
 
 shaA 
 yowngs 
 
 aA-hmoo htaAnS 
 hpyaAt 
 choAk 
 hloAk 
 chyoon 
 saAn yayk 
 aA-yowng htwet 
 pyaA, pyaA-thaA, 
 [hnyoon-pyaA 
 let-hmaAt htoAs 
 hting 
 hkoAk 
 ayk-pyaw 
 
96 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 To smell, tr. 
 
 33|G|II ^5s 
 
 a^-naAn yaA, naAns 
 
 ,, —',intr. 
 
 334ogo5 
 
 a^-na^n-htwet 
 
 „ sneeze 
 
 G9j 
 
 chee 
 
 „ sow (seed) 
 
 g 
 
 kyeh 
 
 „ spoil, tr. 
 
 c^o5o82 
 
 hpyet-seeS 
 
 „ spread 
 
 o6Eoqj6s 
 
 hkins-kyins 
 
 „ sprinkle 
 
 §S8 
 
 hpyaAnS 
 
 „ squeeze 
 
 ^s 
 
 hnyit 
 
 5, stand 
 
 ci5 
 
 ya/it 
 
 „ steal 
 
 ^8„ ?8oj 
 
 hkoAs, hkoAs-yoo 
 
 „ surround 
 
 0§8G[ 
 
 woons-yaAn 
 
 „ swallow 
 
 ^ 
 
 myoA 
 
 „ swell 
 
 csp8 
 
 yowng 
 
 „ swim 
 
 GG^OJS 
 
 yay kooS 
 
 ,5 take 
 
 ^ 
 
 yoo 
 
 „ -off 
 
 gj^ 
 
 choot 
 
 5, teach 
 
 od6^ 
 
 thin-chaA 
 
 „ think 
 
 ooSii 8o5ooSii ^oS 
 
 htin, tsayt-htin, hmaAt 
 
 „ throw 
 
 g8 
 
 pit 
 
 „ — away 
 
 sISS 
 
 ts66n-pit 
 
 „ touch 
 
 c8»c§ 
 
 htee, toA 
 
 „ translate 
 
 §§4 
 
 pyaAn zoA 
 
 „ travel 
 
 o^So^dS 
 
 hkaA-yees-thwaA: 
 
 „ tread 
 
 ^68 
 
 ninS 
 
 „ understand 
 
 ^DSOD^ 
 
 naAs leh 
 
 „ unpack 
 
 33095§5S 
 
 aA-htoAk hpyay 
 
 „ use 
 
 OqSGOOIv'b 
 
 thoAnS-zowng" 
 
 „ wail, cry 
 
 ^GCg,^» § 
 
 gnoA-jways, gnoA 
 
 „ wash 
 
 COOS 
 
 says 
 
97 
 
 English 
 
 To wash clothes 
 
 , — the face 
 
 , weigh, tr. 
 
 , will, be willinif 
 
 , wipe 
 
 , work 
 
 , wra|) up 
 
 , write 
 
 , yield, give way 
 
 BursiiPse. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 G(^5 
 
 shaw 
 
 4]oSj>Doo5 
 
 myet-hnaA thit 
 
 ^5 
 
 chayn 
 
 80S0I1I OOiOODO^jl 
 
 tsayt-pa^, tha/ibaw-too 
 
 oc^oS 
 
 tho^k 
 
 095 
 
 lo^k 
 
 oc^5g)6ii a^5 
 
 htoAk-yit, htoAk 
 
 .GGJSOODB 
 
 yayr-thfiAs 
 
 33DoGCg|0 
 
 aAs shaw 
 
 
 
 Auxiliary or Modifying Verbs. 
 
 These verbs are chiefly used to modify the mode of the 
 principal verb, and f )llow between it and the affix of tense* 
 
 able, })Ossible,to be 
 
 |6 or |6 
 
 hning 07' 
 
 ning 
 
 accustomed, 
 
 0000 
 
 ta^t 
 
 
 skilled, to be 
 
 
 
 
 at leisure, to be 
 
 33D8 
 
 a^: 
 
 
 attain, to 
 
 § 
 
 hmee 
 
 
 averse, loth, to be 
 
 C^Si 
 
 pyins 
 
 
 cause, to 
 
 GO 
 
 tsay 
 
 
 come to an end. 
 
 ^$ 
 
 koAn 
 
 
 continue [be spent 
 
 G^ 
 
 nay 
 
 
 cruel, unfeeling, to 
 
 c|o5i 
 
 yet 
 
 
 dare, to [be 
 deservino- of. to be 
 
 
 
 woon 
 litik° 
 
 
 1 Qc^ yet, with a negative has the force of being 'incapable of\ or 
 without the heart' to do a thing, as q^o5g|o5c^8 ma/i yik-yet-hpooS, 
 
 {1) have not the heart to heat (him). 
 
 BURMESE S.-T. 
 
 G 
 

 98 
 
 
 English. Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 desire^ to 
 
 ^8.. di 
 
 chni, ioh 
 
 difficult, to be 
 
 58 
 
 hkehs 
 
 direct, to be 
 
 ^^ 
 
 teh 
 
 
 
 do again, to 
 
 §s 
 
 pya^n 
 
 easy, to be 
 
 ogoSii ODD 
 
 Iweh, thaA 
 
 exceed, to 
 
 og§§ 
 
 loons 
 
 happen, to 
 
 8 
 
 mee 
 
 obtain (must) 
 
 =1 
 
 yaA 
 
 practicable, to be 
 
 @S 
 
 hpyit 
 
 pretty, to be (very) 
 
 ^ 
 
 hWi 
 
 proper, good, to be 
 
 GC03S311 otS 
 
 kowngs, thin 
 
 revolve (remain) 
 
 ^S 
 
 yit 
 
 right, to be (ought) 
 
 338 
 
 ut 
 
 shun, to 
 
 dii 6b 
 
 hpeh, beh 
 
 sufficient, to be 
 
 GCODOS 
 
 lowk 
 
 suitable, to be 
 
 ^C^ll Gpll Oo5 
 
 hpweh, J ah. Wm 
 
 try, to [to 
 
 c§3 
 
 tsaAnS I 
 
 turn back (repeat), 
 
 ^ 
 
 toA.jL 
 
99 
 
 Examples. 
 
 ,o5 
 
 Pro- 
 nuncia- 
 tion. 
 
 Princ - 
 
 pal 
 Verb. 
 
 GOD 
 
 koAn 
 
 kowngS 
 
 t,sa7ins 
 
 GgD 
 
 oc^5 
 
 C306 
 
 taAt 
 
 06 
 
 ta/m 
 htik 
 
 6 
 
 GOO 
 
 nay 
 
 lining 
 
 pyaAn 
 
 oc^oS 
 
 OgDS 
 COD 
 
 yaA 
 
 § 
 
 yaA 
 
 Iweh 
 lowk 
 
 5.1 
 
 oo5 
 
 @s 
 
 (0D2 
 
 hla^ 
 
 QJD5 
 
 w66n 
 thin 
 
 OgDS 
 
 Auxiliary 
 and Affix. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Force. 
 
 "??§ 
 
 thay koAn byee 
 
 quite dead 
 
 GOODSdOog 
 
 pyaw-gowngS-^Agg 
 
 proper to say 
 
 ^60D^ 
 
 weh jin-^Aeg 
 
 desi're to buy 
 
 oSaol 
 
 hpaAt tsa/inj-bah 
 
 endeavour to 
 z'ead 
 
 OOODOO^ 
 
 win daAt-thgg 
 
 accmtomed 
 to enter 
 
 ooJoogS 
 
 py65 daAu-^Agg 
 
 ^^ to do 
 
 C^OSOD^ 
 
 ihay dik-thgg 
 
 100 r thy of 
 death 
 
 G4)00^ 
 
 lo/ik nay-agg 
 
 co?i«i»aetodo 
 
 ISOD^ 
 
 thwaAS hning-Z/igg 
 
 a6/e to go 
 
 gJoD^ 
 
 la/i bya/m-^/igg 
 
 a^ai» comes, 
 return 
 
 G|Q^ 
 
 pygg yaA-mgg 
 
 must (got to) 
 do 
 
 GpOD^ 
 
 hka/jn-ya/i yaA-^gg 
 
 should ohisdn 
 
 O^OD^ 
 
 weh \oh the^ 
 
 wish to buy 
 
 OgoSoD^ 
 
 myin Iweh-^Agg 
 
 easy to see 
 
 GODDoSoO^ 
 
 tsa/iS lowk-thgg 
 
 sufficient to 
 eat 
 
 C^OD^ 
 
 inyaAs hlaA-^//ge 
 
 tery many, to 
 be 
 
 003^ 
 
 thwa/tS w66n-agg 
 
 dare to go 
 
 odSo:^ 
 
 yoo ^/iin-^Aeg 
 
 ^^ (ought) to 
 takq 
 
 G 3 
 
100 
 
 Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepositions. 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 about (nearly) 
 - — (concerning) 
 above (more than) 
 abundantly 
 according to 
 
 across 
 
 afresh 
 
 after 
 
 afterwards 
 
 again 
 
 against (in opposi- 
 
 ago [tion) 
 
 all (of) 
 
 — at once^ sud- 
 almost [denly 
 alone, solely 
 aloud 
 
 already 
 
 also, too 
 
 although 
 
 altogether, quite 
 
 always 
 
 and (nouns) 
 
 — (verbs) 
 anywhere [about 
 around, round 
 
 0^,n GCODOS 
 
 GCqjSlI C»o5ll33O0 5 
 goSogD 
 
 330^8 
 Oo|cO^JI G^3o5 
 GQOoS 
 
 g^do5g.^d5 
 ooo£ 
 
 330005CX) 
 
 3300cq|c5c:^ 
 
 33G|8oOol 
 
 co^8 
 
 c^godSii cScpc^S 
 
 330:^§ 
 
 330.^Qgo5ll 33(q 
 
 Gogi" (i) 
 
 OOo533C|5q3§ 
 
 ooSoopS 
 
 hka/in, lowk 
 sing yooay 
 'cyaw, det, aA-loon 
 kyooeh-wa/izooa// 
 hnin a^-nyee, hni-j a^ 
 
 too, aA-ting 
 kcihn-lahn, showk 
 aA-thit 
 nowk-hmaA 
 nowk-nowng 
 ta^-hpaAn 
 sa^n-jin-bet 
 aA-htet-ka/i 
 a^s-loAns 
 yoAkhkaAneh 
 loo 
 
 koA dees,taA-hkoo dee 
 a/i-thaAn kyeh-loA 
 aA-yin ta^-hkaA 
 lees [dwn 
 
 Ihoh-ihkWj thoh-ja./ 
 aA-koAn 
 aA-tsin maA pyaAt, a/ 
 hnin [niye 
 
 jooay 
 
 beh aA-yaAt maA soA 
 DaAt-leh 
 
101 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 
 PronuReij^tiow. 
 
 as 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 geh-thoh 
 
 as much, as many 
 
 gT^ 
 
 
 ee-hmjah 
 
 as soon as, imrae- 
 
 qioSgSs 
 
 
 chet-chins 
 
 at [d lately 
 
 ^Dii |o5ii Q 
 
 
 hma^, hnik 
 
 at first 
 
 3Dg2Q^§tjO 
 
 
 a/i-oos-z6/aiS-hma^ 
 
 at last 
 
 g^doSo^Sqd 
 
 
 nowk-s6^nS-hma/i 
 
 at the most 
 
 33C^D§ac^§Q3 
 
 
 aA-myaAs-z6Ans-hmaA 
 
 at once 
 
 rjoloD^S 
 
 
 taA-hkaA-dees {or taA- 
 gaA-dehs) 
 
 at present 
 
 OOS^^D 
 
 
 yaA-hkoo-hma^ 
 
 because 
 
 g^dSugodoc 
 
 @=s 
 
 jowng, Mawjowng 
 
 before (time) 
 
 33G|5oO 
 
 
 aA-yin-ga^ 
 
 — (place) 
 
 33G„5|9D1I o5 
 
 
 aA-shay-hmaA, htaAn 
 
 behind [neath 
 
 G^DOS^D 
 
 
 nowk-hmaA 
 
 below, under, be- 
 
 GGQDOS^D 
 
 
 owk-hmaA 
 
 besides 
 
 qS@8 
 
 
 laA-gowngS-pyin 
 
 better 
 
 ODDf 
 
 
 thaA-yooay 
 
 between 
 
 o5(^d8^:» 
 
 
 tsaAt-kya/iS-hmfiA 
 
 — , among(st) 
 
 330388^3 
 
 
 aA-twins-hmaA 
 
 beyond 
 
 33(^^^D 
 
 
 aA-l66n-hmaA 
 
 but 
 
 C§Gp0^8 
 
 
 /AoA-ya/i-dwin 
 
 by means of 
 
 33D§§S!I gS 
 
 
 ahs-hpyin, hpyin 
 
 by the side of 
 
 33^DQDII 00(3 
 
 oS^D 
 
 dh-nhh-hmiJi, tiA-bet- 
 
 by turns 
 
 0009^0:^ 
 
 
 ta/i hlch-jaA [hmaA 
 
 certainly 
 
 Go633C^§ 
 
 
 aykaAu aA-hma/m 
 
 close to 
 
 odS^ 
 
 
 kaAt-yooay [jovvng 
 
 consequently 
 
 0^33g(^d8§ 
 
 =@=c 
 
 htoA aA-kyowng'S- 
 
 daily 
 
 G^^O^ll G^„0^86 
 
 nay-zin, nay-ding 
 
 doubtless 
 
 80008 
 
 
 dwee-ha/i ma/i shee 
 
102 
 
 Ergli&h. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 down (direction) 
 
 G33Do5c§ 
 
 owk-thoA 
 
 o 
 
 — (position) 
 
 G33Do5^D 
 
 owk-hraaA 
 
 during 
 
 O^OgS 
 
 tsin-dwin 
 
 early, betimes 
 
 GODC^OD 
 
 tsaw-zaw ; 
 
 either ... or ^ 
 
 co^SgoodSs — cogs 
 
 laA-gowngs — laA- 
 
 
 GOO^SSii q8 — c^8 
 
 gowngs 
 
 elsewhere 
 
 33g3Sc:§ 
 
 kh-chhhi-thoh 
 
 enough (of) 
 
 GCODoSg33d8 
 
 lowk-owng 
 
 even if 
 
 o8c^S 
 
 bin-hlyin 
 
 everywhere 
 
 33G|5o^88 
 
 aA-yaAt-ding; 
 
 exactly 
 
 GOD^DgD 
 
 thay-jaA-z66aA 
 
 exceedingly 
 
 ODDC^JgD 
 
 thaA-lo6n-zo6a/i 
 
 except, prep. 
 
 OODSI 
 
 htaAs-yooay 
 
 far, distant 
 
 GOSgD 
 
 ways-zooaA 
 
 for, conj. 
 
 33c[^d88^D 
 
 aA-kyowngS-hmaA \ 
 
 — , prep. 
 
 32§n c§ 
 
 aA-hpoA, boA 
 
 formerly 
 
 33C|6oO 
 
 aA-yin-gaA 
 
 forward 
 
 =§!=§ 
 
 shay thoh 
 
 from 
 
 OOP ^ [sDoS 
 
 o;-aA, hmaA [tsii 
 
 fully 
 
 C^o5§o5d 33CX^5 
 
 tik-yik, aA-koAn aA 
 
 hardly 
 
 ǤOD^ 
 
 maA-hmee-daA-hmee 
 
 heedlessly, in ad- 
 
 3S^o8oDO 
 
 aA-hmaAt taA-meh 
 
 here [vertently 
 
 OD^S^D 
 
 dee-hmaA 
 
 herewith 
 
 OD^j^SoDOg 
 
 ^Aee-hniii taA-gwaA 
 
 hitherto 
 
 00£JC^8g3Qd8 
 
 yaA-hkoo ting-owng 
 
 how, like 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 /Aee geh-/AoA 
 
 1 Note.— 0D^!G00d88 CO^§gOOd82 commonly written (^5 
 
 c8 is used for * either — or ' and ' both — and '. ^8° by itself is used fo: 
 ^the afmesaid ' or ' ditto \ 2 o5 hnik is usually written § and Q^ yooay ^ 
 
103 
 
 Engilish. 
 
 PronunciatioD. 
 
 how much? 
 
 coo5gcodo5 
 
 beh-lowk 
 
 however 
 
 C^GOOSCO^S 
 
 thoh-thAw-leel 
 
 if 
 
 C^S 
 
 hlyin 
 
 in 
 
 03^" § 
 
 dwin, hnik 
 
 in front, hefore 
 
 33G^OO 
 
 dh-shaj-gsih 
 
 in future 
 
 g.?.d6oodco 
 
 nowng-kaAM 
 
 in order to 
 
 gill G)G3306 
 
 hgna.h, jah-owng 
 
 in the r. idst of 
 
 33COo5§ 
 
 aA-leh-hnik 
 
 indeed 
 
 33O0o5^J 
 
 a^-keh-yooay 
 
 ii.side 
 
 Sac^SSOgSlI OD^D 
 
 aA-twins-dwin, deh- 
 
 instead of 
 
 330DS 
 
 aA-tsaAs [hmaA 
 
 into 
 
 <^^ 
 
 deh-//ioA 
 
 just a> 
 
 oocr)C§ 
 
 tha^-geh-MoA 
 
 just now 
 
 cx)o8 
 
 yaA-hkin 
 
 lately 
 
 OOG^^OO 
 
 ta^-nay-gaA 
 
 less 
 
 OOD^CCS 
 
 tha^-yooay g-neh 
 
 likewise 
 
 C^^^BO^ 
 
 htoA-nees-doo 
 
 little by little 
 
 ^.>0gS 
 
 zohi-zint 
 
 long" ag;'0 
 
 C\g§GCo(§?G00D330l 
 
 loon-lay-byees-Maw 
 
 merely 
 
 oooSoooS 
 
 thet-thet [a/i-hkaA 
 
 more 
 
 OOD^ 
 
 tha^-yooay 
 
 moreover 
 
 S6g8 
 
 lees-gowng'S-pyin 
 
 much 
 
 C^DSgD 
 
 myaA:-zooaA 
 
 mutually 
 
 33Dj6B^88 
 
 aA-chinS-jins 
 
 near 
 
 ssl^c^ 
 
 ah-neei-thqh 
 
 never 
 
 COol^Q 
 
 taA-hkaA-hniyaA-maA 
 
 nevertheless, not- 
 
 QfJCjicSGOoScO^B 
 
 maA-hoAk thaw-lees 
 
 withstanding- 
 
 
 
 next to 
 
 33^060 
 
 aA-nee-z6/mS 
 
104 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 not 
 
 Q 
 
 mSih 
 
 not at all 
 
 3^(^8goa^o5 
 
 a/i-hlyins ma^-hoAk 
 
 not yet 
 
 qcx^oSgoco 
 
 mail ho/ik thayS 
 
 now 
 
 ODS^ 
 
 ya/z-hkoo 
 
 nowadays 
 
 ooq^Qo) 
 
 ya^-hkoo aA-hkaA 
 
 nowhere 
 
 COOS^DQCX^OS 
 
 beh-hma^ ma^-hoAk 
 
 of 
 
 4 
 
 ee (abbreviated form of 
 G^ which is never 
 
 off 
 
 33GoToO 
 
 aA-paw-gaA [used) 
 
 often 
 
 3Dg5g5 
 
 aA-kyayns-jaynS 
 
 on^ upon 
 
 33GoT^D 
 
 aA-paw-hmaA 
 
 on account of 
 
 GgD8 
 
 jyowng 
 
 on the left 
 
 cooSbooS 
 
 let-weh-bet 
 
 on the right 
 
 COOSOODOOS 
 
 let-ya/i-bet 
 
 once 
 
 OOol 00^811 CXDc8 
 
 tU-gU-deht, iU-\ee 
 
 only 
 
 GOD 
 
 thhh 
 
 opposite 
 
 ^o53.D^l880^8 
 
 myet-hna^-chinS-zing 
 
 or, otherwise 
 
 cgocx^oS 
 
 thoh-vci'^h-hohk 
 
 
 
 outside^ out ol 
 
 gqQS^d 
 
 aA-pyin-hma^ 
 
 over (above) 
 
 3300oS^^D 
 
 aA-htet-hmaA 
 
 possibly 
 
 f^^QCOoBll^^Q^ 
 
 hpyit-kowngs hpyit 
 
 presently 
 
 00^08 
 
 ya/i-hkoo-bin [mee 
 
 probably 
 
 CX^oS GOOdSSO^ CO 
 
 hoAk-kowngs hoAk- 
 
 purposely 
 
 ooq8 [^ffi 
 
 hta^-min [mee 
 
 quickly 
 
 3^cq\B\\ g?g? 
 
 a^-lyin, myaAn-mya^n 
 
 rather, preferably 
 
 00D^3QC^^00gj.J 
 
 tha^-yooayaA-loA shee- 
 thee-hnin 
 
 — 5 somewhat 
 
 008" gooSgooS 
 
 hka/it, taw-daw 
 
 repeatedly 
 
 33(3?00(X)CO 
 
 a/i-hpaAn-ta^-leh-leh 
 
lo; 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 save^ excepting 
 
 cr)D8^ 
 
 htaAs-yooay 
 
 since, prep. 
 
 G^DOS 
 
 nowk 
 
 — , conj. 
 
 ^§^i 
 
 MoA-hpyit-yooay 
 
 so, thus 
 
 ^^ 
 
 htoA.-MoA 
 
 o 
 
 so much 
 
 gj^" c^^ 
 
 ee-hmya/i, htoA-hmyaA 
 
 some 
 
 OO^OO^GOOD 
 
 ta/i-zo^n taA-hkoo-thaw 
 
 somehow 
 
 O3^00S^GO3D^^8 
 
 ta/i-zo/ni-taA hkoo-Maw 
 
 
 [33DSg9 
 
 neeS-aAs-hpyin 
 
 sometimes 
 
 OOoloOGCO 
 
 ta^-hkaA ta/i-lay 
 
 soon 
 
 4jD8QgD 
 
 mya^S ma/^-kyaA [meh 
 
 straightway 
 
 ^o5qj6§II 33@D2Q 
 
 chet- chins, a/«-chaA§ 
 
 suddenly 
 
 ^5o>> 
 
 yoAk-hka^-neh 
 
 sufficiently 
 
 GCODo5g33d8 
 
 lowk-owng 
 
 that, conj. 
 
 G3Dd8 
 
 owng 
 
 then 
 
 O^SDolg 
 
 htoA a^-hkaA-hnik 
 
 thence 
 
 C^OD 
 
 hoA-gaA 
 
 thenceforth 
 
 ^^i^i 
 
 hto^-hmaA tsaA-yooay 
 
 there 
 
 C^^D 
 
 hoA-hma^ 
 
 therefore 
 
 c^g@d5 
 
 htoA-jowng 
 
 throughout 
 
 OOG^DoSc^S 
 
 taA-showk-loAns 
 
 — (by means of) 
 
 3DDe§8 
 
 a^S-hpyin 
 
 till, until 
 
 o^8g3^d8 
 
 ting-owng 
 
 to 
 
 0^11 C^n 33D8 
 
 thoA, koA, a/iS 
 
 together with 
 
 J> 8-330^ 
 
 hnin-aA-too 
 
 too, also 
 
 co^8 
 
 lees° 
 
 too much 
 
 Og?8 
 
 loons 
 
 towards 
 
 c§ii q8c§ 
 
 thoA, see-thoh 
 
 under 
 
 CGQDOS^D 
 
 owk-hma/i 
 
 unexpectedly 
 
 3Q^o5oGo8 
 
 aA-hmaAt maA-htin 
 
106 
 
 Ensilish. 
 
 Biu'inese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 unless 
 
 up, upwards 
 
 — (of river) 
 
 weekly 
 
 well 
 
 when ? 
 
 whence 1 
 
 where ? 
 
 [ceded by a verb) 
 wherever {jjre- 
 whereupon 
 whether, if 
 while, whilst 
 why ? 
 
 o5c§ 
 
 willing 
 
 ly 
 
 wisely 
 
 with 
 
 — (by means uf j 
 
 without (absent) 
 
 — (outside) 
 yearly 
 yet {conj.) 
 — y adv.) 
 
 O CQ'8 
 
 33 G0T08 113300 
 
 qj.5g|oSod(^§ 
 goodSoGOOdSs 
 
 00o5gCXiD33q1cX) 
 
 oooSoooDii ooo5o8 
 
 oocx) 
 ooc^^-'Dcbii oooSsS 
 
 GCOGpCp 
 
 mm 
 
 (^8go 
 
 o^ §0 o] II ^o ^ ooD a-) 
 obj>o5G(^D6ooii 
 coogc^cx) 
 
 COGOODO^gD 
 
 c8g3gD 
 
 j)6ii j;)6ooog 
 
 Q^CX)il Qold:) 
 
 [c^codii o^d 
 cSgooSod^o 
 
 G00§ 
 
 umh {verb) hlyin 
 aA-paw-MoA, aA-htet- 
 nyah-thoh [^^9^ 
 
 hkoo-hn a^-3-e t ta^-j ay n: 
 kowngS-gowngs 
 beh-Maw-aA - hkaA leh 
 
 {or beh-doA-gaA leh) 
 beh-ga^ leh, beh-zee- 
 
 gaA leh 
 beh-hmaA leh, beh- 
 
 zee-hma^ leh 
 lay-va^-yaA 
 htoA-MoA-hpyit-yooay 
 hpyit-tsay [ka/daA 
 do/in 2 -ga A, shee-zin- 
 beh-hneh-jowng leh, 
 
 baA-p3^oo-loA leh 
 tha^baw-too-z66aA 
 laymmaA-zooa/^ 
 hnin, hnin-ta/i-o'waA 
 
 o •' o o 
 
 hnin, hpyin 
 
 ma;^-shee-beh, maA- 
 pa/i-beh {any other 
 verb can be substi- 
 tuted/or shee or pah) 
 
 pyin-hma/i, pa^-hmaA 
 
 hnit-tsin 
 
 thoh-thavr-leeZ 
 
 o 
 
 thayi {follows the verb) 
 
 A-', ODDjGCOopGp thwa/iS-lay-ya/i-ya/;, wherever {he) goes. 
 
OUTLINES OF BURMESE GRAMMAR. 
 
 THE NOUN. 
 Gender. 
 
 All nouns in Burmese are without gender unless they have 
 he affix denoting male or female attached. 
 
 The feminine affix is always q ma/^. 
 
 The masculine affix varies. 
 
 Ggo hkway, dog \ Gg^Q hkwaysma^, 6?o^ (female) ; cgScSs 
 ikwaysdeeS, dog (male). 
 
 (^o5 kyet, fowl; (^o5o kyetma/i, hen] (^aSo kyet 
 ipa^, cock. 
 
 For human beings there are a few differences ; thus, 
 
 oj^ loo, man; goddo§jd§ vowkyaAs, a man (as distinguished 
 Tom woman) ; 8g maynSma^, woman. 
 
 In some cases it is only necessary to designate the 
 iemale ; as, 
 
 ogj$ kyoon, a slave; ogj^Q kyoon-ma^, a female slave or 
 servant. 
 
 g|DC03o jooah-thhhz, a villager (maie). 
 
 §)Doo yooaA-^Aoo, a villager (femah). 
 
 oSs mins, a governor; oSsoogooS MinSka/zdaw, a 
 lovernor^s lady. 
 
108 
 
 G/as!,nficafio?i of Noam. 
 
 Nouns may be divided into three classes : i. Simple, 
 2. Abstract, 3. Compound. 
 
 1. The simple noun is a monosyllable denoting some 
 object. 
 
 2. The abstract or verbal noun is formed from a verb- 
 root by prefixing the syllable a/i ; thus, 
 
 V. cc^oS XoKk, to do, make. N. 330^06 aMoAk, work, 
 V. Gp yaA, to be suitable, N. 33cp sih-ysLh,what is suitable^ 
 a thing, place. 
 
 Note. — It is commonly stated that there are other forma- 
 tions, such as gSs chins, ^oS chet, ^cS hpweh, but as a 
 matter of fact it is not so, for these affixes are themselves 
 merely abstract nouns which have dropped the aA in com- 
 position ; thus, (9§S8 pyoo-jins is (^ pyoo (to c?o) + a^-chins 
 {action) which has been derived from the verbkyin, to do. It 
 may be said that there is no verb kyins {to do), but the rules 
 of the language allow of a verb hkyin (or chin) {to be done), 
 though it is now obsolete. 
 
 3. The compound noun is formed by uniting verbs and 
 nouns in various ways ; thus, 
 
 g|D y66a/«, a village + od38 thaAS, son = villager. 
 
 C08 laAns, a road + g pyaA, to shoiv = guide. 
 
 c^ nay, to dwell + 3SS ayn, a house = a dwelling-house. 
 
 0^8 hting, to sit + 33GJD (aA)-ya/i, place = a seat. 
 
 (q68 myinS, horse + 88 tsee, to ride + o^ thoo, person -f- 
 ^ yeh, bold = a horse-soldier. 
 
 To the above classes must be added a class containing 
 nouns adapted and taken from other languages. 
 
109 
 
 Number, 
 
 \ The plural of nouns is formed, when necessary, by adding 
 j4)DS myaAs {to be matiy), or c§ dqh (a short form of c^ 8 to^s, 
 to increase), or the two combined, c^ doA is generally con- 
 I nected with animate beings. Thus, 
 
 gSS ayn, a house; qSSqjdS ayn-myaAs, houses. 
 
 oj loo, a man ; cXj^^Oo loo-myaAs or o^c^ loo-doA, me?i. 
 
 An indefinite plural is also formed by reduplication of the 
 noun ; thus, 
 
 33^8 hh-myohz, a kind; 33<^^^o ah-mydht-Tnyoht,va7'ious 
 f kinds. 
 
 33G|5 a^-ya^t, a place; 3^^b^b a/i-yaM-ya/it, various 
 , places. 
 
 Case. 
 The sign of the nominative case is oo^ ^Aee and follows 
 the noun but is often dispensed with. 
 
 Ggoco^ hkwaysMee, a dog or the dorj. 
 
 All other cases are denoted by affixes of case, which are 
 sometimes called ^postpositions^. They are. 
 
 Objective c^ goA. 
 
 Genitive (^ ee, o/" (generally omitted). 
 
 Dative 3308 aAs, to; 9I hnga//,/or ; eg thoA, to : o^ goh, to. 
 
 Ablative 00 gah, ^ hmhh, f7'om ; J>6 hnin, together ivith. 
 
 Instrumentative 3.6 hnin, with; g8 hpyin, by means of; 
 g(^dS kyowng, on account of, because of. 
 
 Locative 038 twin, in; |o5 hnik, at; ^3 hmaA, at, as 
 regards; oo5 weh, at. 
 
 Note. — ^oS hnik is usually written §. 
 
110 
 
 Besides the above simple affixes of case, there are a number 
 of auxiliary words used between the noun and the affix in 
 order to denote more clearly relationship or position. 
 
 Being verbal nouns, their real form would have the verbal 
 33 aA prefixed, but in composition this is omitted. 
 
 3S6 GoT^D ayn-baw-hmuA, house (of) upper part-at = w/?o» 
 the house. 
 
 c^5g5^ ayn-byin-hma^, house-outside-from =/rom ow^sic^e 
 the house. 
 
 A list of these is given at p. 97. 
 
 The sign qj ee has been given as the genitive but it is 
 usually dispensed with, the first of two nouns being (except 
 when in apposition) in the genitive case and always pro- 
 nounced with an abrupt tone, which is sometimes denoted 
 by the sharp or abrupt accent ^ , which kills even the heavy 
 accent % ; thus, 
 
 oSoC^oooDD mins-ee-hba^ndaA (king-of-property) becomes 
 mins-hpa^daA, the king's property. 
 
 THE PRONOUN. 
 There are five primitive personal pronouns. 
 
 i 
 
 Si7i(/. c1 gnaA, I. 
 
 008 thin, thou. 
 q8o mins, thou. 
 ^6 nin, thou. 
 Ojl thoo, he, she 
 
 Flur. clc^gnaA-doA orc^dioh^we, 
 oo6c§ thm-doh, ye. 
 o5oC§ mins-doA, ye, 
 ^Sc§ nin-doA, ye. 
 o^c^ thoo-doA, they. 
 
 It is rude to use cl gnaA and ^6 nin, so, for the sake of 
 politeness, a number of other forms are in general use. 
 For I the usual form is o^|S kyoon-oAk, humble servant. 
 
Ill 
 
 Sometimes it is ssogij^S ah-kyoon-ohk, and for a woman 
 ^^o kyoon-ma^, shortened to o^q kysih-mah. 
 
 ogj^GCoS kyoon-davv, yoin^ royal slave, and ogj^^ooS^S 
 ky(juii-da\v-my6^s, yoiir race of royal slaves, is used by 
 persons petitioning a person in authority. 
 
 For thou or you the common form is gqd8o6o mowng-mins. 
 
 Sneaking to some one older than one's-self one would use 
 oS^Do hkin-byaAs^ Mr., Sir. 
 
 To a priest or some one in authority o^oSgooS koA-daw. 
 
 The third person cxj^ thoo (Hterally person) is always used 
 for male or female but, if necessary, oj^q thuo-maA may be 
 used for she. 
 
 Terms of politeness in general use are given at p. 127, 
 
 The Relative Pronoan. 
 
 There is no relative pronoun like Who, but the position 
 is expressed by a participial form of the verb ; thus, ododS 
 GOOD o:^ tsaA-thin-//zaw thoo, writing-teaching-person = the 
 oerson who teaches, or co53g^oo5c^DoGOddo:j^ laAns-showk- 
 thwaAo-Maw-thoo, road-pass along-going-person, the man who 
 is going along the road. 
 
 In this last example the participial good thaw (or sometimes 
 00^ thee) is used with two verbs : others might be added. 
 
 The Reflexive Pronoun. 
 c^oSc^S koMing, or c^oS koh, self; thus, 
 clc^c^o^5 gna^-ko/^-ding, or rather ogj^Sc^oSo^S kyoon- 
 oAk-koA-ding, I myself. 
 
 38 meemee, one's-self, himself, herself; thus, 
 8SGg§ meemee hkwayS, one's own docj. 
 
112 
 
 The Intei'rogathe Proitovn, 
 
 cxDoS (or 33aooS) beh (aA-beh) or beh. 
 
 oooScx^ beh-Moo, Who ? 
 
 ooD ba/i (contr. for oooSood beh-ha/^), IVhat ? 
 
 00080062 beh-//iins^ Which ? 
 
 oooSgodooS beh-lowk. How much ? 
 
 cocS^h beh-hnitj How many ?^ 
 
 The Negative. 
 
 ^No one' is expressed by using the Int. pronoun with' 
 ^ hmva^j even, and q ma/<, not ; thus, 
 
 oooSo:^^o^ beh thoo hmya/i ma^ shee, Who even not 
 is = The7'e is no one. 
 
 ogj^5ooo^QCC^5^o kyoono//k ba^ hmyaA ma/i loAk lipooS 
 I what even not do = i am doing nothing. 
 
 The affix ^o hpoos is a strong one often used with q mah. 
 
 The Ltmonsirative Prononn. 
 
 c^ee ] "^^'^^ ] 
 
 ^' , \ this. c8 hoh [ that. 
 
 ODpb Mee o . 
 
 "^ ^ cx>8§ yms J 
 
 OD^ and c^ are colloquial, and always precede the noun; as^ 
 
 00^ g(^o8 thee kyowng, this cat. 
 
 c^ooS htoA wet, thai pig. 
 
 1 (X)fX)S>5 beh-hnit (final t scarcely pronounced} can never stand alone 
 but is always preceded by the subject of inquiry and followed by the 
 proper numeral affix (pp. 79-81) ; thus, g6£OOo5j)SGOOo8_^Co6o myinS 
 beh-huit kowng sheC-tha/«-leh, horses how many animals are there 
 = How many horses are there ? 
 
113 
 
 The Compound Relative, 
 
 Q^39QS^mee-Moo-maA-soA,\vhat-person-not-say,i«?Ao5oet/er. 
 Q^oo^33Gpos£J inee-thee-aAyaA-maA-soA, what-thing-not- 
 say, tvhatsoever. 
 
 o^ is an old form of oooS, 
 
 THE ADJECTIVE. 
 
 Til ere are a few imported adjectives which have been taken 
 from the Pali and which do not follow the general rule, but 
 the real adjective is the veib-root which may be used before 
 or after the noun ; thus, 
 
 goddSoGoodco kownf>;S-//^aw-loo ] , 
 
 '^ \ a good man. 
 
 oj^GOODcS loo-gowngs J 
 
 Adjectives imported from other languages and a few 
 anomalous Burmese forms are always placed before the 
 noun, without the conjunctive particle good Maw ; thus, 
 
 QOOD q6o (c§3 maAhaA mins jees, a governor of a province. 
 
 Qooo ma/ihaA is a Pali word meaning great, 060 mins is 
 a person in authority, and ^§ kyees, the Burmese to be 
 greatf used as an adjective. 
 
 The Comparison of Adjectives. 
 
 The comparative is made by the use of the verb ooo tha^, 
 to surpass or exceed, coupled to the descriptive word by 
 tiie conjunction G„g| Yogay (always written g)) ; thus, 
 
 ooo4(^iGOOD335 tha^-yooay kyees-Maw ayn, a surpassing 
 large house, a larger house. 
 
 BUUMESK 8.-T. 
 
 H 
 
114 
 
 The Superlative degree is formed by prefixing 33 aA, tc 
 the verb and adding sx^S s6/^ns, to be extreme \ thus, 
 §,Do33Co5o^s nwa^s-a^-gneh-zoAns, the smallest ox. 
 
 The Numeral Adjective. 
 
 Cardinals. A list of these is given on p. 78, and here 
 it will be sufficient to show how they are used. They run 
 from one to ten and are perfectly regular. The word for 
 ten, however, is used as a demonstrative affix. 
 
 The Burmese cannot say as we do ^one ox ^5 but are^ 
 obliged to use a descriptive affix (see pp. 79-81) after the 
 number ; thus, instead of saying ^ one ox \ they must say 
 'ox one animaP, and so on till they come to ten, when the 
 affix for animal (or whatever it may be) is dropped and the 
 affix for ten takes its place ; after that the affix of kind is 
 used again till the next ten is reached, and so on to one 
 hundred, when a new numeral affix denoting ^ hundred^ 
 comes in ; thus, 
 
 GOODoS yowk, being the affix for man; we have 
 
 cxjjOOGOODoS loo ta/« yowk, man-one-man. 
 
 c^c^SgoodoS loo gna^s yo^^k? man-five-men. 
 
 c^oooo'jS loo ta^ seh, man-one-ten. 
 
 o:j^oooo('^j>8ooGCODo5 loo ta/i seh hnin taA yowk, man-one- 
 ten-with-one-man, eleven-men. 
 
 And so on till twenty, when it is 
 cxj^j)6ooc^ loo hni(t) seh, man-two-len. 
 o:^^j)6ooo5j)5ooG003oS loo hni(t) seh hnin taA voaK, men- 
 two-tens-and-one-man, tiventy-one men. 
 
 The ^^ hnin (and, with) is often dropped. 
 
115 
 
 Ordinals. Up to ten the Pali ordinals are in general use, 
 [ibut after that one must have recourse to the verb gQdoS 
 Imyowk, to raise ; thus, 
 I ooooo5o5oG§3o5GCODGcg taA seh thorns myowk thaw hlay, 
 
 the i^th boat, 
 
 THE VERB. 
 
 The verb is a monosyllable without any particular form 
 and never changes. It may be transitive or intransitive. 
 
 Transitives are often formed from intransitives by aspirating 
 the initial consonant; as, c^o5 pyet, to be destroyed] cjjoS 
 hpyet, to destroy. 
 
 Verb-roots may be strung together so as to form a com- 
 plete idea; as, goodSsocjc^oSooSod^ htovvngs-htoo-poAk- 
 hka^t-thee, to give a good beating. All the verbs signify 
 a different way of hitting. 
 
 Sometimes a noun and a verb are compounded to form 
 one idea; thus, to be glad is expressed by 068 woons, the 
 belly + cgooS myowk, to be raised. 
 
 The Plural. 
 There are two affixes, (^ kya/i and o^ ko^n, to express 
 the plural number, but they are not often used ; thus, 
 cX|^c:^ogD3(^oo^ thoodoA thwaAs-jyaA-/Aee, they {are) going. 
 
 Voice, Moods, and Tenses. 
 Voice, moods, and tenses have to be expressed by affixes 
 (which were once verbs) and auxiliary verbs. 
 
 Voice. 
 The passive voice is formed by the verb 6 hkaAn, to bear 
 or suffer, with the principal verb ia a noun form ; thus, 
 
 11 2 
 
116 
 
 §o5 yik, to beat. 
 
 33§oS ooo^ aA-yik hka^n Mee^ a beating to bear, i.e. 
 to be beaten, \ 
 
 Moods, 
 
 The verb-root by itself may be Infinitive or Imperative, i 
 All other moods, except the Indicative, are shown by 
 auxiliary verbs signifying po^Yer, permission, &c. 
 
 The Indicative Mood is denoted by affixes of time. I 
 
 Present T. oo^ th^e. 
 
 cf ee. 
 Past (§ pyee. 
 
 Future o^ mee. 
 
 33 aAn. 
 
 Future ^60^ aAn mee. 
 
 cogg (or cooSoS) la^t aAn. 
 Pluperfect b[^ geh-byee. 
 
 cxj^s^ hboos-byee. 
 Past Perf ^8(§ hnin-byee. 
 
 Though the simple root can be used Imperatively, there 
 is a large number of modifying affixes : g^ chay, gcoo law, 
 and Gooo taw, simply imply command. 
 
 j)8 hnin, and co6 lin, used after o maA, not, are prohibitive. 
 
 ol paA is entreating and always used in polite language, 
 either by itself or with other affixes. 
 
 GO tsay is causative or precative as ogDSGO thwa^S-zay 
 let him go. § tso^, used only for ist pers. plur., as ogD§^§ 
 thwa^s jyaA-zo, let us go. 
 
 5 hkeh is generally used with the verb cod la A, to come, 
 and implies motion towards one's-self. 
 
 c^o5 lik (to follow) is harsh and implies motion from, 
 
 §0 oAngS is an affix that signifies return or recurrence; as, 
 
 Go§ol§3 pays baA oAns, please give {it me) again. 
 
 ogDo^oGOOD thwaAs ohm daw, go and return, used for 
 'good-bye \ 
 
117 
 
 INTERROGATIVE. 
 
 The Burmese do not alter the tone of the voice when 
 asking a question, but use certain affixes, at the end of the 
 sentence, with a tone of assertion. 
 
 GcoD law, and ^^5 nees, are those used formally in writing, 
 but colloquially cod§ la//3, and cx) leh, are used ; cod8 la^s is 
 used for all ordinary questions ; as, 
 
 ooSI^o^codS thin pyoo mee laht, thou do will ? = ivill 
 you do it ? 
 
 But if the sentence begins with the interrogative pronoun 
 oooS beh, who, or any of its compounds, then cb leh must 
 be used; as, 
 
 oooS^D^oocb beh hma^ shee tKiJi leh, where is {it) ? 
 
 0^0 do^ns is also used colloquially in place of cb leh. 
 
 THE USE OF THE NEGATIVE. 
 
 The only word for not is o ma^, and it immediately precedes 
 the principal verb ; thus, 
 
 ogj|5QOgDo^6cxj^3 kyoonoAk ma^ thwa^S jin boos, I not 
 go wish, I do not tvish to go. 
 
 The boo: at the end is a strong assertive affix generally 
 used with not, and if the sense of never is required o tsa^ 
 must be placed before it : — 
 
 cloogDSoc^S gna^ ma/« thwa//S za/i hpoos, I never went. 
 To make it still stronger we may double the ^S and say 
 oogD§oc^8cxj^§ nmh thwaAs zaA hpoos boos 
 
 Before is expressed by placing § hmee, and o6 hkin, after 
 the verb ; thus, 
 
 OG€roo5§ ma^ yowk hmee, before {he) arrived 
 ogQdoS ma^ pyaw gin, before {he) spoke. 
 
118 
 
 Without is expressed by placing cx) beh after the verb; thus, 
 o(^:b mkh pyoo beh, without doing {it). 
 
 Yes and No. There is no direct negative hke the English 
 No, but the verb oqoS hohk, to be true, is used ; thus, 
 
 a^oSco^ ho^k thh^, or oqoScx) hoAk-keh, it is true, yes, 
 
 ocx^oScj^o maA hoAk hpoos, it is not time, no. 
 
 (^ 33800^00:^ o5 pyoo a^t thQQ maA hoAk, do proper to not 
 true, it is not proper to do. 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 ORATIO OBLTQUA. 
 
 This is shown by the verb cq hoo, to say, followed by the 
 verbal conjunction ^ yooay and a verb expressive of saying 
 or thinking. Generally the speaker is designated first 
 followed by the ablative postposition 00 kaA ; thus, 
 
 ooocoGOODSoOqoOj^^o^co^ thoo gkh — maA kowngs boos 
 — hoo yooay soA thee, him from — not good — saying sa^'S, 
 i. e. he says {or said) it is not good. | 
 
 Sometimes instead of (^^ the short form of the verb' 
 OD hoo is used without ^, as 
 
 ODODOCOD^So^^oSoD^ thoo gaA maA laA hning hoo — 
 hmat thee, him from — not come able — say thinks, he thinks 
 {that) he cannot come. 
 
 In conversation c^ \oh is used instead of o^ hoo, and some- 
 times the sentence is still further shortened by the use of 
 00^ deh ; thus, 
 
 ODCODO^oo^ thoo \dJi mee — deh, he will come he says. 
 
 This 00^ deh is simply a short form for 00^ thee, the 
 assertive aflix of the omitted verb 3§ soA, to say, or ego pyaw, 
 to speak. 
 
119 
 
 THE SUBSTANTIVE VERB. 
 
 There are two substantive verbs, — 
 
 (c8 hpyit, to be, to exist. 
 
 ^ shee, to be, which is used in the sense of ^have', the 
 postpositions ^ to ^ or 'at^ being expressed or understood, 
 as, a^^oo^thoo-shee-Mee = ^^^^o^g§ thoo-hma^ shee-Mee, 
 to him there is, or he has. 
 
 Thus, 
 
 c^oOGODDoSsjoo^ loo ta/i-vowk shee-//iee,man one (there) is. 
 o^^o^OD^ thoo-hmaA shee-/^ee, to him is, or, he has, 
 oo6cxj^§o5Q5oD^ thin loo-mik hpyit-thee, you a fool are. 
 
 THE HONORIFIC FORM. 
 
 The honorific form is used for very high personages and 
 consists of GOoS taw, the honorific affix, and <^ moo, to do ; 
 thus, 
 
 o68^3GGpo5GooS^(§ mins-jees yowk taw moo byee, the 
 governor has arrived. 
 
 In this case <^ moo is considered the principal verb, and 
 to make the negative, o muh must precede it and the final 
 affix be lefl out ; thus, 
 
 GGpoScooSo^ yowk taw mah moo, (the governor) does not 
 arrive, or has not arrived. 
 
 CONTINUATIVE AFFIXES. 
 
 These take the place of the participle and join clause to 
 clause in a sentence. 
 
 ^ yooay and cq]o5 lyet are what we call present. 
 c^6 hlyin and goo5 ^Aaw are what we call past. 
 
120 
 
 c(5o:^o5ogDSoo^ py^y b'^^ thwaAs ^^ee, running {he) 
 goes. 
 
 oq]DSc^o5^G|GOo5i odS^q^ kya/iS kik-yuoay yaA-thaw- 
 tsaAs-jya^-mee, tiger biting having-got (we) shall eat, i.e. (ive) 
 shall eat {what tve) got from the tiger's killing, 
 
 oooSj^l^cC^Si (y5(^x>^ ta^t-kya/i byees-hlyini pyaAn- 
 jyaA-Mee, skilled (pi.) having-finished (they) returned, i.e. 
 having completed their education they returned {home). 
 
 EUPHONIC AFFIXES. 
 
 These are used after verbal roots in conjunction with 
 affixes of mood, tense, and number, but they can be dispensed 
 with, and it is impossible to lay down rules as to their use. 
 The commonest are gco lay, g^ chyay, cooS Wit, 5 kheh. 
 
 Ea!a?nples. 
 
 GCO lay is one of the most common. It is almost always 
 used in the future compounded with the future affixes 33 a^n 
 and o^ mee, and takes the form of c86o^ laymmee (gco 
 33 o^). It is frequently used with the past tense ; ogo8(^ 
 thwaAs byee, {he) has gone, is correct, but c^dSgcoJ^ thwaAs 
 lay byee is better. 
 
 o) paA, the polite affix, is in constant use : it is correct 
 to say ogDSGODo thwaAs daw, go ; but o^dSoIgodo thwaAs hhh 
 daw is better, g^ chay is sometimes used with future 33 aAn 
 and becomes ^§ chayii, as ocj|^8330^ogD3GS^GCo5iG(^Da5G|^5 
 Q^ thoo hnin aA-too thwaAs jay /Aaw pyowk ya/i jayn mee, 
 If he goes with {h'm) he must he lost : both jay and Jayn have 
 no meaning and may be omitted, they merely round off 
 the sentence. So, in cx:^o]c^c^o8c^o5g^dd^ thoo paA-goA 
 
121 
 
 poAk lik chay Mee, (Jie) smote his cheek, both o^o5 1ik and 
 G^ chay have really no effect. 
 
 c^oS lik (lit. foil oiv) is not always euphonic but conveys 
 a certain amount of meaning and Is used with transitive verbs. 
 
 cooS la^t is common and mostly used with gcoS thaw • 
 as ogDBcooSGCoS thwaAs la^t thaw, having gone. It gives the 
 idea of 'happened'. Sometimes with fut. 36 aAn ; as, co^^ 
 laAttaAn; ogDo cogg will go [probahly). 
 
 CLOSING AFFIXES. 
 
 These are used occasionally at the end of a sentence to 
 give it stronger force. The principal are, — 
 
 00^8 dees = subst. verb ^od^ shee-^Aee, to be, is. Not 
 used colloquially. 
 
 g tsooaA or zooaA intensifying. 
 
 G<?.S naw, soliciting acquiescence, as ogDScoooo^G^S 
 thwaAs daw mee naw, I icill go, shall I ? 
 
 Gol paw, implies ' of course ' in answer to a question. 
 c^DSo^coDS thwa/^s mee laA, Are you going ? c^dSo^go] 
 thwa^s mee paw, / shall go, of course, 
 
 THE YERB USED AS A NOUN. 
 
 The verb may be used either in its radical form or with 
 its affixes of mood and tense as a noun, and in such cases 
 is governed by postpositions ; as, 
 
 c@OD^o^g6c3]8 pyay-Mee-goA myin-hlyin, runs-to-see-if, 
 having seen the running. 
 
 ogo5!§8^^ htwet pyees-hmaA, come-out-finish from, i.e. 
 after {he) had come out. 
 
122 
 
 THE ADYEHB. 
 
 The adverb proper ends in §1 zooa^, but there are six 
 different kinds of adverbs. Those in common use are given 
 on pp. 100—106. 
 
 MODEL OF VERB. 
 
 Infinitive oq5oo^ loAk-thee, to make. 
 
 Indie. Pres. cloc^Soo^ oriaA lo/ik-thee, 7 make, or, 
 
 cIoc^Sg^oo^ o-naA loAk nay-^Aee, / am making. 
 Past c'locjSooo^ gnaA lo^k-hkelv/^ee, I made, 
 Pres. Perf. c]o:^5(§ g-naA loAk pyee, I have made. 
 Past Perf. c1oq5(j^8(5 gnaA loAk-hpooS-byee, 1 had made. 
 Future c1 0:^80^ gnaA lo^k-mee, I uill make. 
 Fut. Perf. c1o:^6(§2c8§o^ gnaA loAk-pyees-laym-mee, I shall 
 
 have made. 
 Potent. Pres. cloc^S^Soo^ gnfi^ loAk hning-Mee, I can make. 
 Potent. Perf. clo:^5|5(§ gna^ loAk hning-byee, I could have 
 
 made. 
 Potent. Past Perf. c]oq5GooD6^(§ gnaA loAk kowngs-byee, / 
 
 might have made. 
 Imperative o:|5good loAk-taw, make. 
 
 o:^5go loAk-tsay, let {him) make. 
 
 a:^5(^§ loAk-kya^-zoA, let us make. 
 
 o:^5o1good loAk pa/i-daw, please make {it\ 
 
 A FEW COMMON AUXILIARY VERBS. 
 
 clcc^S^jSoo^ gnaA loAk chin-Z^iee, I tvish to make. 
 c1oq5oD8oo^ gna^ loAk thin-/^ee, I ought to make. 
 clcc^5ooo5oo^ gna^ lohk taAt-thee, I am wont to make. 
 cl 0:^8000^ gnaA loAk woon-/Aee, I dare make. 
 
 )1 
 
123 
 
 :c1o:^5g|od^ gnkh \o/ik jvih-thee, I must make. 
 clocx^Soo^ gnah tsaA \ohk thee, I begin to make. 
 cIcc^Sg^oo^ gnaA \ohk nay-thee, I am making. 
 c1cq5gooo^ gnaA loAk tsay-thee, I cause to make. 
 clcc^Sboo^ gnah lohk hkeh-Mee, / seldom make. 
 cloc^Sc^oo^ gnah lohk ioh-thee, I wish to make. 
 cloq5o6oO^ gnah lohk tsaAns-mee, / tvill try to make. 
 cloc|5cpOD^ gr\ah lohk yah-thee, I should make. 
 cloc^5(y^o^ gnah lohk pyaAn-inee, I will re-make. 
 GOOor)5(§ thay koAn-byee, {They) are quite dead. 
 GOOO^oSoo^ thay dik-thee, {He) is worthy to die. 
 ^cooSoo^ pyoo Ivveh-^Aeej {It) is easy to do. 
 
 Note. — In the above cl gnah has been used for / for 
 the sake of brevity. 
 
 THE CONSTRUCTION OF BURMESE SENTENCES. 
 
 1. The principal verb is always at the end of a sentence 
 but followed by the modifying verb and the closing affix, 
 f any ; thus, 
 
 ocj^ ooq6s odSoo^ 
 He rice eats 
 
 cl ooo5s odS |Soo^ 
 
 I rice eat can 
 
 2. If there is an adverb of time it must commence the 
 lentence ; thus, 
 
 QG^,CO cl gc§ C^^S?>(§ 
 
 Yesterday I town-to went 
 
124 
 
 3. After the adverbs of time another clause may be intro- 
 duced ; thus, 
 
 ^oSo?l ^^S 3DD8 C^5l OoS 338 C^ COD Q^ 
 
 To-morrow I, at leisure if, thy house to come will 
 
 4. The following is a typical sentence : — 
 
 0^ joq] §1 goodSs good cq j.8 gooooSc^ 00^ 
 That time at, good ^ man two - 
 
 (§c§ ogoS g cooS GOoS CG| 0^52 dbc§ c^ 
 
 town-to go ^ happen^ having^ water (of) hole into fall over 
 
 Cqi<^ GOob GOO (^ 
 
 dropping^ died 
 
 Illustration of the 
 Construction and Pronunciation of Burmese. 
 
 0^33olll ^|8g330^^ GOOO^O^G^ GO00(j>)OO003OQ^ ^ GOOD 
 
 (^^dSoo^i 3^cqc^c^^^co^Qo:>{^E\ 3oo0(§DO0Gpe|(^n 0^3300 
 
 goOOGpC^I 88QG0O05^8l3OC^CO^§QC^6G00SGO0OG(^o6lg|D 
 COqO06oOGO00oSGO00C^^0S3S5g3o500D§^lO0O$30C26GO0030 
 5I I 30G|5 OOolScgc^^OO^OgD 8 g ? 4ll 
 
 0^(;>)O OODC^g^OS 00^ GOC^O OgOSj^l 00 ol § 30 G| 5§ 13.8 I OOl 3051^ f 
 go g8 ceo GOoS I (>)OO0DC^^D SqjggDC^ o56sg) ■ 000 8 GCOOC^g^OS 
 
 oo^io4§oo§j)8^o::^?GOoc^ii 
 
 1 Instead of GOOoS^GOOOCXj^ one might put o:;^GOOd88 (see p. 113). 
 
 * GODDc6 numeral affix (p. 80). ^ plural affix (p. 109). 
 
 8 fm plural affix for verbs (p. 115). * OO08 euphonic verbal affix 
 (p. 120), gives an idea of unexpected suddenness. 
 
 * GOoS past continuative affix (p. 119). « ^ continuative affix (p. 119). 
 ' 5 GOO C^ past closing affixes (p. 1 31), 
 
 1 
 
125 
 
 Phonetic Pronunciation and Literal 
 Translation.^ 
 
 Hto^ a^-hkaA, DoAnneeweehta/« yooaA-hnik nay-Maw 
 That time, Dohnneeweehtah village-in dwelling 
 
 "Zooza^ga^ a^-mee shee-Maw PoAnnaAs-Mee, a^-hloo-goA 
 Zoozdhgdh. name hav'ng Brahman, alms 
 
 hleh-leh hkaAn - thkh-h^yin, a^thaAbya/i ta^-yaA yaA-ee. 
 going about receive by {means of ), coins lOO got. 
 
 HtoA a/ithaAbyaA ta/i-ya^-goA, mee-mee maA soung hning, 
 (Those coins loo self not carry able, 
 
 i>h-\oh lees nul/i ting M/ayS Maw-jowng, yooaA ta/^-hkoo 
 desire also not attain{ed) yet because, village one- 
 
 Idwin, ta^-yowk-thaw Po^nna^S ayn - hnik a/«t- hta^S-yooay, 
 in, one (a) Brahman^ s house at give - put - ting, 
 
 ta^-hpaAn a^-hloo hkaAn - Maw-a^n-hgna^, aA-yaAt taA-baAs- 
 again alms receive in order to [J'or), place other 
 
 thoh hleh-leh thwaAs-bya/^n-ee. HtoA ZoozaAga^ 
 to going-about went again. That Zoozdhgdh 
 
 Vohnudihi - thhQ, aA-hloo thwaAs hkaAn-yooay, ta^-ba/iS 
 
 Fohnndhi alms go receiv - ing, other 
 
 iA-yaA^hnik, hnit - la^ a^-sheh kya^-myin^ - lay - Maw, 
 place - at, years-months long long - tall {having been), 
 jAksaA-goA thayns-yooay htaAs-Maw- Po^nna^S - Mee, 
 \ the money taking charge of keeping Brahman {hom.), 
 
 ;h6^ns-zaA5-hnin-yooay koAn-lay-ee. 
 use - eat ^ had consumed. 
 
 ^ For Idiomatic Translation, see over. 
 
 2 Myin is lit. ' tall,^ but is often coupled with kyah, ' long in time: 
 
 '5)5 hnin, prior past tense affix. 
 
126 
 
 [Idiomatic Translation. — At that time, a Brahman^ named 
 Zoozahgah, who dwelt in a village named DoAnneeweehtaA, 
 by going about and receiving alms, amassed one hundred pieces 
 (of silver). Not being able himself to carry those pieces, and 
 because his desires were not yet satisfied, leaving them at the 
 house of another 1; rah man in a certain village, he again wan- 
 dered about to other places in order to receive alms once more. 
 
 That ZoozaAga/i, the Brahman, having been for months and 
 years begging alms in other places, the Brahman who had 
 taken charge of Zooza^gaA the Brahman's wealth, had (before 
 he, Z., returned) made away with and used it all up.] 
 
 POLITE MODES OF ADDRESS. 
 
 When one addresses a Burman it is rude to use the ordinary pronoun. 
 If his position in society is known he should be addressed by the term 
 that denotes his position, if not, one must generally suppose him or her 
 to be * the supporter of a monastery', GO^dSSOOOOD Kyowngl-tsihgsihfjem. 
 CCqjD6o33Q Kyowngs-a/j-mM), or 'founder of a Pagoda', oqGpoOOOOD 
 K^khjahZ-WigSih, or simply as oScjjDS or o6(^Do Hkin-bya/iS (a short 
 form of OOOCCOGpo Master, object of reference). If the person ad- 
 dressed is a teacher or person of learning, he should be called OOGTO 
 Sa^ya^i. In talking to a priest or teacher, instead of saying 'I', one 
 should use OOO^GOoS TaAbeh-davv (scholar), and call him O^oSgOoS 
 Ko-daw, or OOGpGOoS Shhyah -da,w. To a person in authority a 
 Burman would always designate himself as OOI^gOdS Kyoon-daw 
 (Royal servant), but an Englishman would say ' Ky66no/«k', 
 
 CX>GOo5 KaTidaw means lady and is used for the wives of honourable 
 persons, as q8°OOGOoS MinS ka/jdaw, OOGpOOGOoS Sahjhh ka/idaw, 
 for the wives of magistrates and teachers. 
 
 The word OOOOD ia.h-gah, which is used above, is a corruption of the 
 Pali word oloDOOD dah-jah-kah, a giver; the feminine is OOOODQ ta^i- 
 gsih-mah. 
 
 ^ The proper word for Brahman is Bydhmdhndh, but the Burmese usually 
 use the word QCg^o, PotenaTi;, which is a word of doubtful derivation. 
 
127 
 
 CONVEESATIONAL PHEASES AND 
 
 SENTENCES.! 
 
 Useful and Necessary Idiomatic Expressions. 
 
 Q^D3g0J3O^8o5GO0DOO0D§0Oo5-<^D8ll 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 IThank you (sel- 
 
 GOqjScj^SOoSoloO^ 
 
 Kyays-zoos tin-baA- 
 
 dom used) 
 
 
 thee [hl^gh 
 
 Yes 
 
 o^oSolii ojoSb 
 
 IIoAk-paA or hohk- 
 
 No 
 
 Qcr^d^cqln qcx^oSoI 
 
 MaA-ho^k-hpoos, maA- 
 hoAk-paA 
 
 Bring 
 
 oj^bol 
 
 Yoo-ge^-baA [baA 
 
 Bring that 
 
 c^a)8sc^a^5ol 
 
 HoA-dins-goA yoo-geh- 
 
 Give me 
 
 OgJ^5c^G08ol 
 
 KyoonoAk-koA pays- 
 baA 
 
 Give it him 
 
 cx^c^GoSo^oSol 
 
 Thoo-goA payS-lik-paA 
 
 Do (you) under- 
 
 ^dSco^oocodS 
 
 NaA; leh-/MA-laA5 
 
 stand *? [stand 
 
 
 
 (I) do not under- 
 
 ^DSoco^apS 
 
 NaAs maA leh-boos 
 
 Send (it) to me 
 
 ogj^Soocggo^oSo"] 
 
 KyoonoAk htaAn-^Ag^ 
 po^-lik-paA baA 
 
 Tell me 
 
 OgJ^So^cgDol 
 
 KyoonoAk-koA pyaw- 
 
 Tell him 
 
 o:^c^G§DC^o5o1 
 
 Thoo-goA pyaw-lik-pa^ 
 
 Canyon tell (me)1 
 
 gQd^SoIo^oddS 
 
 Pyaw ning-baA-mee- 
 
 laAs 
 Inga/ilayk tsaA-gaAs 
 
 Can you speak 
 
 3D 8c8 5 OO Do oo o5 
 
 English ? 
 
 00CO3§ 
 
 taAt-thaA-la^s 
 
 * See 'Hints on addressing a Burman , p. 24 
 p. 126. 
 
 Polite Modes of Address', 
 
128 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Is there any one 
 
 3D 8 c8 5 OOOD3 00 06 
 
 Iiiga/iiayk tsaA -gaAs 
 
 here who speaks 
 
 GOOOO^^OOCODo 
 
 ta^t-thaw-thoo shee- 
 
 English 1 
 
 
 Ma^-lahs 1 
 
 What do (you) 
 
 oodg@doo(X)' cod 
 
 BaA pyaw-^^a^-lehj 
 
 say? 
 
 Q^ODCb 
 
 BaA so^-MaA-leh j 
 
 Ask him (inquire) 
 
 Oi:^G^GOSO§gol 
 
 Thoo-goA mayS-za^ns- 
 
 Ask for (demr.nd 
 
 goodSsoIgood 
 
 Towngs-baA-daw [baAi 
 
 Speak loudly [it) 
 
 oi^oSoqioScgoo] 
 
 Kyeh-jeh pyaw-baA 
 
 Never mind 
 
 GDOgoio^oloj^S 
 
 AA-twet mah shee-ba/i- 
 
 boos 
 BaA pyoo thin-thah-leh. 
 
 What is to be done? 
 
 003§Oo8oCC^ 
 
 Why? 
 
 oodQc^oo 
 
 BaA pyoo-loA leh 
 
 What is it? [ter? 
 
 OOOCX) 
 
 BaA leh 
 
 What is the mat- 
 
 ooDgSoo 6b 
 
 BaA hpyit-thaA-leh 
 
 Do (you) hear ? 
 
 ^DSOOCODS 
 
 KyaAs-/AaA-laAs 
 
 I understand, Sir 
 
 <?,D3aDgooo5i O^Gp" 
 
 NaAs leh-/Aee,hpn AyaAs | 
 
 Carry this 
 
 OO^OODC^Oo6Sol 
 
 TAee haA-goA htaAns- 
 baA [daw 
 
 Take that 
 
 C^OODC^ 0^0] GOOD 
 
 HtoA haA-goA yoo-baA- 
 
 Take (it) away 
 
 O^DgOSC^oS 
 
 Yoo-thwaAs-lik 
 
 Make haste ! 
 
 3Doqi£gol 
 
 AA-lyin pyoo-baA ! 
 
 Come quickly 
 
 g5g?OOD5 
 
 MyaAn-myaAn laA-geh 
 
 Take care ! 
 
 ODC^gol 
 
 ThaAdee pyoo-baA j 
 
 Listen ! 
 
 ^DoGCOdSoI 
 
 NaAs htowng-baA 
 
 Come in ! 
 
 oSoIgooo 
 
 Win-baA-daw 
 
 Come here ! 
 
 oo^n^coo5 
 
 Dee-goA laA-geh 
 
 Come back ! 
 
 g^ODDb 
 
 PyaAn laA-geh 
 
 Call my servant 
 
 ogj§5o:j^aDGOD8c^ 
 
 KyoonoAk loogaAlays- : 
 
 (boyJ 
 
 GoTol 
 
 go A hkavv-baA 
 
129 
 
 Engli-^h. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Take this note 
 
 oo^oDO^ — a5'x^ 
 
 r^ee tsa^-goA — hta^n- 
 
 to — 
 
 a^ogo'ool 
 
 thoh yoo-thwa^S-baA 
 
 Bring back an 
 
 g^ODC^O^b 
 
 PyaAn-zaA-goA yoo- 
 
 answer 
 
 
 geh 
 
 Stand still a nio- 
 
 QOD^iSG^olgS 
 
 Hka^naA ya^t-nay- 
 
 ment 
 
 
 ba^-oAnS 
 
 Go away (roiigli) 
 
 CX^DlC^cS 
 
 Thwa^s-lik 
 
 Go away (polite) 
 
 OgDoolcCOD 
 
 Thwa/iS-ba^-daw 
 
 o 
 
 Good-bye ^ 
 
 O^Oo^oGOOO 
 
 Thu iih%-6hni- d aw 
 
 Too soon 
 
 gS02^SCX5§,ll2 0D3g?S 
 
 Oos-loons-/Aee, tsaw- 
 
 
 OD^ 
 
 loons-Mee 
 
 Too late 
 
 G^D050^C^?83D^ 
 
 Nowk-kya^ loons theet 
 
 Very well (good) 
 
 goddS8o1(§ 
 
 K w n g S-b a^- by e e 
 
 Whatdoyouwaiit^ 
 
 ooDc^^Soccb 
 
 Ba^ lo/ijin-tha^ Ich 
 
 How do you do?) 
 Are you well ? J 
 
 odoIc^codS 
 
 MaA-baA-ee-la/iS 
 
 I am well 
 
 ODolc§ 
 
 xMaA-baA-ee 
 
 Much obliged 
 
 G0^2(>-Sg2C^g 
 
 Kyayszoos keeS-hla^- 
 byee [boo; 
 
 There is nothing 
 Nothing is the 
 
 
 BaA-hmyaA maA shee- 
 BaA-hmyaA mah hpyit- 
 
 . matter 
 
 
 hpoos 
 
 No trouble at all 
 
 Gj>D8^oSo^pQ^ 
 
 Hnowng->het-tsa^-yaA 
 maA shee 
 
 Who is there ? 
 
 C^^D.^DC^C.-^^OOra 
 
 HoA-hmaA beh-Moo 
 shee-/M^-leh 
 
 * The person who pays a call on leaving says ODOoQCODQ^G^S 
 fch\va^(S-daw-mee-naw, I ivill go? and the person in the house replies 
 OgDSg^GOOD thwMS-o/mSdaw, Go and rdurn. 
 
 BUKUBSB S.-X J 
 
130 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 It is I 
 
 What is the news ? 
 There is no news 
 
 Do you know for 
 
 certain ? 
 Go in front 
 Follow 
 Go home 
 Go to the post 
 
 office and ask for 
 
 my letters 
 
 Let us start 
 Wait 
 
 Bring my horse 
 
 Saddle it 
 
 Call the interpreter 
 
 [man say ? 
 
 What does that 
 
 He says he cannot 
 
 find the horse 
 He thinks some 
 
 one has stolen it 
 
 Is it possible 1 
 
 OgJ^5olll Ogj^GOoS 
 
 o] 
 
 00 uS 08008 S G| OOCQ 
 
 ooo5o8oo58^oo] 
 
 Go633^§o8o0O3D3 
 
 3QG^0§O^D?G0OO 
 G^Do5c§0^o5ol 
 
 gS^c^d^dSgodo 
 
 ODC^o5c^O^02| 
 02J^6 0DQ^33C^ 
 
 goodSsoI 
 
 G^olSol) GODCol 
 
 02j|5@88c^a;^5 
 
 s^58|soo8ol 
 
 OOOD§(y^C^GS>Tol 
 C^'OjOOOGgDOOcb 
 
 g8§o^oG02|8a^8 
 
 OO^OOGOOOo5880^ 
 
 oo^cijco8oo^ 
 (^8^8o1q^odd2 
 
 KyoonoAk-paA, kyoon- 1 ] 
 daw-baA [I eh 1 
 
 Beh thaAdins yaA-thaA 
 
 Beh thaAdins hmya/ 
 maA yaA 
 
 AykaAn aA-hmaAr 
 thee-MaA-laAs [da^ 
 
 AA-shay -/AoA - th waAs 
 
 o*' o 
 
 Nowk-thoA lik-paA 
 Ayn-/AoA thvviiAs-daw 
 TsaA-dik-thoA thwaAs- 
 
 o 
 
 yooay kyoonoAk tsaA- 
 myaAs -goA towngs - 1 
 baA [zoAl 
 
 Htwet - thwaAs - jaA - 
 Nay-baA-oAns, tsowng 
 
 baAs 
 KyoonoAk myins - goA 
 
 voo-ffeh 
 HkoAns-hnees tin-baA 
 TsaA - gaA -byaAn-goA 
 hkaw baA [/AaA-leh 
 HoA loo baA pyaw - 
 Myins -go A niaA tway 
 
 hning booSj deh 
 
 TaA - zoAn-taA-yowk- 
 
 hkoA yoo - thaA - loA 
 
 htin-/Aee [laAs 
 
 Hpyit-hning-baA-mee 
 
131 
 
 English. 
 
 Buruiese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 It is his fault 
 
 o^sagSco 
 
 Thoo aA-pyit pay 
 
 He is sorry 
 
 3:j^o6§^^?oloo^ 
 
 Thoo woon;-neh;-baA- 
 Mee 
 
 lie must get me 
 
 ^^^^^6^°^ 
 
 Thoo kyoonohk-hpo/i 
 
 another horse 
 
 G OOd8^DGOoS| 
 
 myins ta^-gowng 
 
 
 -S 
 
 sh a/i -pay s-yaA-mee 
 
 Who is paddling 
 
 O^QC^C^OO C^D^ 
 
 iloh hlay-goA beh^Aoo 
 
 that boat ? 
 
 GC^SOOCX) 
 
 hlaw-ZAa^-leh 
 
 Is it a man or a 
 
 GOODO^DSODDSlSg 
 
 YowkyaAs laAs, mayn?- 
 
 woman ? 
 
 CODS 
 
 mah Isihi 
 
 It is a woman 
 
 SgGO 
 
 MaynsmaA bay 
 
 It is a woman ^ 
 
 SgGo] 
 
 MaynsmaA baw 
 
 Well done ! 
 
 goodSsgo 
 
 Kowngs bay 
 
 How fortunate 
 
 ooo5o6good6§oo§ 
 
 Teh ka/m kowngs-/Aee 
 
 It is a fact 
 
 OD^COD3D^^QO 
 
 Thee haA aA-hmaAn 
 bay [hnin 
 
 Don^t be angry 
 
 8o5q38§o15>5 
 
 Tsay t - maA - sohi -baA- 
 
 IIow beautiful 
 
 OOoSo^OO^G^ 
 
 Teh hWi-thee, goh 
 
 Be silent 1 
 
 o8o5o8oSc^ 
 
 Tayt-tayt nay 
 
 Long ago 
 
 gDC^g [OD^ 
 
 KyaA hlaA byee [Mee 
 
 Shameful 
 
 ^o5 OGp GOOD 8 § 
 
 Shet-tsaA-yaA kowmgs- 
 
 Are you not a- 
 
 o^o6aj^scoD8 
 
 MaA shet-hpoos-laAs 
 
 shamed ? 
 
 
 
 (You) are to blame 
 
 33 g 8 OO 8 Gp 
 
 AA-pyit-tin-zaA-yaA 
 
 
 good88oo^ 
 
 kowngs-Mee 
 
 Get up ! 
 
 CO c^ o5 II (polite) 
 cool 
 
 Hla/i-lik, hiU-hah 
 
 ^ I. e. liow could you think otherwise? 
 
 I a 
 
132 
 Meals. ooq58od3g[^d83ii 
 
 (For Vocabularies, see pp. 49-53.) 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Breakfast (dinner, 
 or supper) is 
 reacly 
 
 Is the tea made ? 
 
 Do you drink 
 
 coffee *? 
 This milk is sour 
 Bring me an egg 
 
 Must I boil the 
 
 Fry me two eggs 
 
 This butter is ran- 
 cid [butter 
 
 Bring some other 
 
 We want more tea- 
 cups 
 
 Remove the dishes 
 
 Cook some pork 
 curry for dinner 
 
 ooo8§c^5s(§3(§ 
 
 cooSooS Gi^cq^ 
 
 (§8,gcoD3 
 
 OOoSoOCODo 
 
 go5gOOC^8a^6o 
 goSgc^goSsiog 
 
 CODS 
 
 (^o6gj)8c^3Gca^5 
 
 OC ^ GOOD O oS G OOD 8 
 
 o5oo^ 
 GcoDoa5a^6o§8 
 coo5^3a5^]^c^oo$ 
 
 t^DSC^GODSOD^ 
 
 O^DSGODD 
 pOODcBoODODDS 
 
 oo88go5Go8ol 
 
 HtaAmins pyin-pyees- 
 byee 
 
 La^-hpet-yee loAk- 
 
 j/yees-byee-la/iS 
 KaA-hpee-yee thowk 
 
 taAt-tha^-la^s [/Aee 
 Thee noA-yee chin- 
 Kyet-oo ta^-l6/ais yoo- 
 
 geh 
 Kyet-06-goA pyoAk- 
 
 ya^-mee-laAs 
 Kyet - 00 hnaA - loAns 
 
 kyaw-pays-baA 
 Thee htawbaAt howng- 
 
 zkht-thee .. [oAns 
 HtawbaAt yoo-geh- 
 LaA-hpet-yee-paAgaAn- 
 
 myaAs loA-Mays-Mee 
 PaAgaAn ■ by aAs- myaAs- 
 
 go/i yoo-thwaAs-daw 
 NyaA-zaA-bo/i wet- 
 
 thaAs hin; chet-pays- 
 
 baA 
 
133 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Take care to boil 
 
 00 Q 6 8 C^ CO ^g 
 
 Li ta^mins-go^ lees 
 
 the lice well, too 
 
 good6sgcx)d58 
 
 kowiig^-gowigs naAt- 
 
 
 ^6g33d8oOo8[^ 
 
 owng thaAdee pyoo 
 
 
 c^o5 
 
 lik 
 
 Change the plates 
 
 C^CTD^'^DSC^COC^OS 
 
 Fa A ga hn-mj ahl - g oh 
 
 
 ol 
 
 leh-lik-paA 
 
 Give me a clean 
 
 OD8go"lBj>6oo5G|68 
 
 Tsa/i - b weh - da As - hnin 
 
 knife and fork 
 
 33ao8r^aj^6b 
 
 hkaA - yins a A - thit- 
 koA yon-geh 
 
 Give me a glass of 
 
 G<S|oogaSGo8ol 
 
 Yay taA-hkwet pays- 
 
 water 
 
 
 baA 
 
 Pour out the tea 
 
 coo5oo5Qg5r/Jg 
 
 LaA- hpet-yee-goA 
 
 
 GCool 
 
 hngeh pays-baA 
 
 How many are 
 
 ooo5j.Sg(X)3o5oo 
 
 Beh-hnaA-yowk htaA- 
 
 coming to din- 
 
 o61(Od8codo^6o 
 
 mins tsiiAs-laA-mee- 
 
 ner ? 
 
 
 leh 
 
 I think there will 
 
 cq<^ 6goodo5cod 
 
 Loo-shit-yowk laA- 
 
 be eight persons 
 
 o^c^ooSoloo^ 
 
 mee-loA htin-baA- 
 
 o 
 
 thee 
 
 Health. o^^2qd(§8s^83^8good33g(3d83ii 
 
 (For Vocabulary, see p. 47.) 
 
 Are you well ? 
 I am well 
 I am very ill 
 I am not very well 
 
 coyc 
 
 O0<J\ 
 
 33Og§<?.D0]00^ 
 GOOD 60 GOO060 O 
 
 oDo:j^8 
 
 MaA-ee-laA: 
 MaA-baA-ee 
 AA-loon naA-baA-/Aee 
 KownsS-gowiigs maA 
 maA-boos 
 
English. 
 
 134 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 I hope you will 
 soon be better 
 
 Do you sleep well ^^ 
 I sleep pretty well 
 
 I have caught a cold 
 
 I feel sick 
 
 Send for a doctor 
 
 I want to see a 
 doctor 
 
 She {or he) has a 
 cough 
 
 Where is the chem- 
 ist's shop ? 
 
 How far is it from 
 here "? 
 
 You must drink 
 this 
 
 Have you any 
 brandy (spirit) ? 
 
 I can eat nothing 
 
 I can swallow no- 
 thing 
 
 G^ScoSoloO^ 
 
 3D3S5 G 00^6 §00 
 ODD! 
 
 gooSgcoSgoodSo 
 good883S5o1oo§ 
 
 J)DG08^D^OO^ 
 335^600^ 
 
 gcoSooodS c^goT 
 c§o$ 
 
 GOOS 0DQDJ>8 GOg 
 
 o:j^^DG(gD68s§8^D 
 
 GOOoS^8oOo5^D(X> 
 
 00^00 CO oSgood oS 
 goSoooo 
 
 00 ^ OOD C^ GOO o5 
 g^§30qo5^O0ODD8 
 OOD^ 0008^80:^8 
 
 oo^oooyjQ^ISo:;^? 
 
 HkinbyaAs mya^n- 
 myaAn kyaAns-maA- 
 yaAn kyoon-daw 
 hmyaw-lin-baA-/Ae5 
 
 A^-ayk kowng8-/fM^- 
 hUs 
 
 Taw-daw kowngs- 
 gowngs ayk-paA- 
 
 Hna^-zees-naA shee- 
 AAn jin-/Ace 
 SaysthaAma/iS-goA 
 
 hkaw-lik 
 SaysthaAmaAs - hnin 
 
 tway-jin-/Aee 
 Thoo-hmaA chowngs- 
 
 zoAs-naA shee-Mee 
 Says -zing beh-hmaA- 
 
 leh 
 Dee-gaA beh-lowk 
 
 wayS-MaA-leh 
 Dee haA-goA thowk- 
 
 yaA-mee 
 ByaAndee-aA-yet shee- 
 
 /AaA-laAs 
 BaA-hmyaA niaA tsaAs 
 
 hning-boos 
 TaA - zoAn taA- hkoo- 
 
 hmyaA maA myoA 
 
 hning-boos 
 
135 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 My head aches 
 
 Ogj|5GOl6§ c^oS 
 
 Kyoono^k gowngs 
 
 
 OD^ 
 
 kik-thee 
 
 VTy foot is swollen 
 
 C^^ScgGGpSc^ 
 
 Ky onoAk chee 
 
 
 OD^ 
 
 yowng-nay-/Aee 
 
 [ cannot get up 
 
 o 00 1 Soloes 
 
 Ma^ htaA hning-ba^- 
 boos 
 
 Vlay I get up 1 
 
 00 qj 8 C^ 8 00 ^8 o] 
 
 Hta^-jin-hlyin htaA- 
 
 
 OOODD8 
 
 hning-baA-Mah-laA; 
 
 orive me a cup of 
 
 CO oSooSc^^oogoS 
 
 La^-hpet-yee ta^- 
 
 tea 
 
 coSol 
 
 hkwet payS-baA 
 
 [ have been ill 
 
 ^D G^ooDo^8e|aS 
 
 NaA-nay-^ dah thoAn: 
 
 three days 
 
 m 
 
 yet shee-byee 
 
 Give me a bit of 
 
 ^oo8o5goSo1 
 
 Mo^n ta^-zayt pays- 
 
 bread 
 
 
 baA 
 
 [ must wash my 
 
 OgJ^S COoS GOOoG] 
 
 KyoonoAk let says- 
 
 hands 
 
 "^ 
 
 yaA-mee 
 
 [ have washed my 
 
 go5j)Oc^oo85(§ 
 
 Myet-hnaA-goA thit- 
 
 face 
 
 
 hkeh-byee 
 
 rhere is no soap 
 
 Oo5@DQg 
 
 SaAtpya^ maA-shee 
 
 [t is not good to 
 
 ^5SGOD333o1§ 
 
 Cha/mS-Maw a^-hkaA- 
 
 go out when it 
 
 33@Sc§0233C§Q 
 
 hnik aA-pyin-MoA 
 
 is cold 
 
 goodSso:;^? 
 
 thwaAs-boA-ma^ 
 kown^s-boos 
 
 1 The GOD dah is a contraction of 00^ thee (the verb affix) and ODD haA, 
 % thing, which is often used in colloquial and might be translated * the fact 
 
 yf being ill has been three day;. 
 

 136 
 
 
 Time. 33^?ii sdoIh oodoom 
 
 (For Vocabulary, see p, 36.) 
 
 English. Burmese. Pronunciation. 
 
 What time is it '{ 
 
 OOo53)6^D^GCODo5 
 
 Beh-hnaA na//yee 
 
 
 ^ooraii oooSgq 
 
 lowk shee-^//iU-lehj 
 
 
 qi^oooo 
 
 or Beh aA-chayn 
 shee-/^aMeh 
 
 Ten minutes past 
 
 s^j>8^D^j)8^ j>88 
 
 Hkoo-hnaA na^yee- 
 
 seven 
 
 4>6gcodo5^oo^ 
 
 hnin hkoo-hna^ 
 meenit-lowk shee- 
 Mee 
 
 It has just struck 
 
 OD2^C^C^g^D^c8'c|5 
 
 Ya^-hkoo-beh koAs-, 
 
 nine 
 
 
 naAyee htees-byee 
 
 The clock is strik- 
 
 ,^d^cx)^o8sg^od§ 
 
 NaAyee ya^-hkoohtee: 
 
 ing 
 
 
 nay-/Aee 
 
 A quarter past one 
 
 ^$§(^§00^D^^5 
 
 Moons -Iwehs ta^-naA- 
 
 (afternoon) 
 
 ocsSoS 
 
 yee-hnin ta^-zayt 
 
 Half-past four 
 
 Q^oSGCOS^D^^g 
 
 MaAnet lays-naAyee 
 
 (morning) 
 
 
 gweh 
 
 A quarter to eight 
 
 ^S^d^qoSodSs 
 
 Shit-naAyee maAt tins 
 
 At what time ? 
 
 oooSas^^^Dc^ 
 
 Beh aA-chayn-hmaA leh 
 
 It is noon 
 
 <il%o^^3^qi(^h 
 
 Moons -deh a^-chayn 
 
 
 OD^ 
 
 hpyit-thee 
 
 Wake me at mid- 
 
 oojg GolSngj^Sc^ 
 
 Tha/i-gowng kyoon- 
 
 night 
 
 ISol 
 
 oAk-koA hnoAs-baA 
 
 I will get up at six 
 
 o<?. o6g§do5^d^ 
 
 MaAnetchowk-naAyee- 
 
 in the morning 
 
 ^DOOolo^ 
 
 hma/i hta/i-ba^-mee 
 
137 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 He will arrive at 
 half-past five in 
 the evening 
 
 I shall dine ex- 
 actly at seven in 
 the evening 
 
 What month is it 'i 
 What day (of the 
 
 week) is to-day? 
 What day of the 
 
 month is this? 
 
 GCODoScx^GGpoS 
 
 ogj^ 5 CO 08 Sods 
 00 ^ CO 00 o5 coco 
 
 00 ^ 00 G ^,00 3 Q ^^cb 
 00 ^ 00 G ^^00 oS J) 8 
 
 cioSg^^co 
 
 NyaA-nay gna^s-na^- 
 yee-gweh lowk thoo 
 y owk-p a^-1 ay m-mee 
 
 NyaA-nay hkoo-hna^- 
 na^yee htee-hdee 
 kyoono/ik htaAmins 
 tsaAs-mee 
 
 Thee la^ beh la^ leh 
 
 Thio-aA- nay bah nay 
 leh 
 
 ThigaA-nay beh-hnaA 
 yet-nay leh 
 
 Note. — The Burmese date is 6^S years after the Christian 
 era. Therefore, in order to get the Burmese year, we have to 
 subtract that number from our year. Both eras are used, and, 
 to distinguish the one from the other, the word 00^ ®^8 ThekkaA- 
 yit is placed before the Burmese date; thus, oo^<s|8 oj*^ j = 
 A.D. 1910. Both Burmese and English months are used, and 
 often the two together, in documents. 
 
 The month is divided into two parts, co30$8 laA-zaAns, the 
 ivaxing, and coQ^go^S laA-byee-jaw or coac^oS \kh-zohk, the 
 waning. The full moon, cog^ laA-byee, falls on the fifteenth 
 of the waxing; the coogoS laA-gweh {hidden moon) falls on 
 the fourteenth or fifteenth of the wane. The days of worship 
 are the full moon, eighth of the wane, the hidden moon, and 
 the eighth waxing ; otherwise the days of the week are not 
 observed, though noted. (The Enghshman observes Sunday, 
 the Burrnan does not.) 
 
138 
 
 Times, Seasons, and Weather. 
 
 gO:^l33^$4]D§J)S^o5SGC033G(^D68D 
 (For Vocabulary, see p. 36.) 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 This day week 
 
 oo^g^,oo'^5>6g|oS 
 
 TAee nay-gaA hkoo- 
 
 
 c^„ 
 
 hnaA-yet nay 
 
 That was three or 
 
 o^SgcoBcjoSgcodoS 
 
 Tho/aiS lays-yet lowk 
 
 four days ago 
 
 M@ 
 
 shee-byee 
 
 To-morrow fort- 
 
 ^o5o$G^,G^Do5 
 
 Net-hpa/zn-nay nowk 
 
 night 
 
 cdo5gco2G|o5 
 
 seh-lays-yet 
 
 At about this time 
 
 OOS^3Z)§5gCODo5^D 
 
 YaA-hkoo aA-chayn- 
 lowk-hmaA 
 
 In a month^s time 
 
 00 S^ G ^^ 00 00 CO 
 
 YaA-hkoo-nay-gaA 
 
 
 GOOD oS 
 
 Wi-\sih lowk 
 
 The first of next 
 
 OD^OOO O^ODOO 
 
 YaA-hkoo laA-mee-laA 
 
 month 
 
 g|o5g^„ 
 
 taA-yet nay 
 
 In (after) six weeks 
 
 OOG^, OOCOCOJ»8 
 
 YaA-nay-ga^ ta^-laA- 
 
 
 ooo5goo8g|o5 
 
 hnin seh-lay:-yet 
 
 On the last day of 
 
 OOi^COOgoS^^ 
 
 YaA-hkoo laA-gweh- 
 
 the month 
 
 
 nay 
 
 At the end of this 
 
 00^00 OC^I^D 
 
 Thee Isih gohn hmah 
 
 month 
 
 
 
 Towards themiddle 
 
 C>>^ol ^O0O^G[o5 
 
 ZaAna^waAyee laA seh- 
 
 of January 
 
 G^^GOODoS 
 
 gnaAs-yet nay lowk 
 
 In the course of a 
 
 ^3.8^105330268 
 
 Hkoo-hnaA-yet aA- 
 
 week 
 
 036 
 
 twins-dwin 
 
 From time to time 
 
 330?^S 
 
 AA-hpaAn-baAn 
 

 139 
 
 
 English. Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 ^'rom one day to 
 
 00G^O0O3G^^C§ 
 
 Ta^-nay-gaA ta^-nay- 
 
 another 
 
 
 thoh [thsLyz 
 
 V few days ago 
 
 g^^gjoSwQdgod^ 
 
 Nay-yet mah kjah 
 
 V. short time since 
 
 CODC0Q^^\§ 
 
 Ka^laA maA shay- 
 
 ^ago 
 
 
 byee [_thay% 
 
 karcely two days 
 
 j>6<S|o5q^qooS 
 
 HnaA-yet mah shee 
 
 V month ago 
 
 a3cx)^@ 
 
 Ta^-laA shee-byee 
 
 [t is full moon 
 
 oog^G^^gsoD^ 
 
 La^-byee-nay hpyit- 
 
 L«ast year [last 
 
 QJ>8oO 
 
 iMaA-hnit-kaA [thee 
 
 Phe year before 
 
 ooc^^S 
 
 TaA-myaAn-hnit 
 
 ;t is not long since 
 
 qQdgodScxj^S 
 
 Mkh kyah Mays boos 
 
 :.ong ago 
 
 ^^c^\§ 
 
 KyaA-hla/i-byee 
 
 3nce in ("three) 
 
 (O^s) GjoSoOol 
 
 (Tho/ms) yet taA-hkaA 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 Pheheatofthesun 
 
 G^(^c^Qb'^8cq% 
 
 Nay poo \oh mah 
 
 is unbearable 
 
 
 hka/m-hning-booS 
 
 '. am very warm 
 
 ooo53^o5oo,o5 
 
 Teh ik-thee 
 
 '. am afiaid it will 
 
 ^aS§g|D0^^2 
 
 M6AsyooaA-mee,ts6As- 
 
 rain 
 
 OD^ 
 
 thee 
 
 3id you see the 
 
 C^o5o8c^ §8 00 
 
 ShaAt-tsit-koA myin- 
 
 lightning? 
 
 CODo 
 
 Ma^-laAs 
 
 '. heard the thun- 
 
 ^o58g§OOG^(c^DS 
 
 M oAschoAnS-thaAn-go/t 
 
 der 
 
 boD^ 
 
 kya^s geh thee 
 
 low it pours ! 
 
 ooo5^o5sg|ooo^ 
 
 Teh mohi yooah-thee 
 
 /Vould you like an 
 
 o88o3q|6ooodd8 
 
 Htees loA-jin-/AaA-laAs 
 
 umbrella? 
 
 
 [tsoA-byee 
 
 ; am wet through 
 
 30005c^DS§05^(§ 
 
 AA-wo6t-myaAs tsoot- 
 
 Liook at the rain- 
 
 ooo5o5c^[c;^§o^o5 
 
 ThettaAn-goA kyee- 
 
 bow 
 
 ol 
 
 lik-paA 
 

 140 
 
 ^ 
 
 English. Burmese. Pronunciation. 1 
 
 It is growing very 
 
 oooScsaScoDODg 
 
 Teh ays \nh-thee 
 
 cold 
 
 
 
 It is very dirty 
 
 COcS^^D^oOD^ 
 
 Teh shoon mjahl-thee 
 
 It is very windy 
 
 odoSgcoc^ oSoooS 
 
 Teh lay tik-thee 
 
 The wind is in the 
 
 GOD 33 G^OOS OO 
 
 Lay aA-shay bekka^ 
 
 east 
 
 CODOD^ 
 
 la/i-/^ee 
 
 The dust is terrible 
 
 ooo5(^oooo^ 
 
 Teh hpo^n hta^-Mee 
 
 How bright the 
 
 OOoScOOODOO^ 
 
 Teh laA thaA-Mee , 
 
 moon is 
 
 
 
 The sky is over- 
 
 '^ti5839cg^o58g|D 
 
 Mohl ohn-\oh moht 
 
 cast, so I think 
 
 O^C^OOSOD^ 
 
 yooa^-mee-loAj htin- 
 
 it will rain 
 
 
 thee 
 
 The stars are bright 
 
 @a^^D3330g502$3 
 
 Kyeh-niya/iS M-hl66n 
 
 
 coSSoo^ 
 
 htoons-hn;-/Aee 
 
 It will be fine to- 
 
 ^o5o$G^ODDOgS 
 
 Net-hpa/m nay thaA- 
 
 morrow, I think 
 
 OOSOD^ 
 
 mee, htin-Mee 
 
 Correspondence, Post, Telegraph, and Telephone. 
 
 (DDGG|8g(^o6oJ)8odo^o5ic(^8^^o^833s(^d5o4Jd8ii 
 (For Vocabulary, see p. 70.) 
 
 Have any letters 
 
 OD s^ ^ o5 D t;j D B 
 
 Ya^-hkoo mah-net 
 
 come this morn- 
 
 Gtpo5^COD8 
 
 tsaA-mya/iS yowk- 
 
 ing ? 
 
 
 pyee-laAs 
 
 No, none have 
 
 Q COD QGGpoSc 008 
 
 Ma^ \a.h maA yo^yk 
 
 come yet 
 
 098 
 
 tha.y% boos 
 
 He ought to be 
 
 cxj^ OD j:^ OD ^ C^ 
 
 Th 00 yM-\] koo dee-go A 
 
 here by now 
 
 GGpo5DD8f§ 
 
 yowk-thin-byee 
 
141 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 I have heard 
 
 O0^0OS^yQ(c^D8G| 
 
 TaA-zo^n taA-hkoo 
 
 nothing 
 
 Qo:,tcqo 
 
 hmya^ mah kya^S- 
 ya/<-/Aays-boos 
 
 Has the mail 
 
 od8§Soogood 
 
 TsaA-bo^ mees-thims- 
 
 steamer arrived '? 
 
 GGpo5j§COD8 
 
 baw yowk-pyee-la^s 
 
 Go and see if the 
 
 OoScGpoSoD^Q 
 
 Det yowk-thee maA 
 
 mail is in 
 
 GGpoS00§C^OgD8 
 
 yowk - thee - go A 
 
 
 g^o68ol 
 
 thwaA; kyee-zaAns 
 baA 
 
 Are there any let- 
 
 c^^5c^:d4_P§^od 
 
 KyoonoAk-hpoA tsaA- 
 
 ters for me ? 
 
 CODo 
 
 myaAs shee-/AaA- 
 
 IriAs 
 
 I have not received 
 
 OD00GO36^QG|OOS 
 
 TsaA taA - zowng - 
 
 any letter 
 
 
 hmyaA mM yaA-boos 
 
 Please post this 
 
 OO^ODC^ODO^oS 
 
 Thee tsixk-gok tsaA- 
 
 letter 
 
 •ooSooDcb^ooo^ 
 
 dik thit-htaA-deh- 
 
 
 c§o5ol 
 
 hmaA hteh-lik-paA 
 
 Please forward my 
 
 Ogj^5oD4jD8c^§ 
 
 KyoonoAk tsaA-myaAs- 
 
 letters to . . . 
 
 o^oSol 
 
 goA poA-lik-paA 
 
 Please weigh this 
 
 O3^03C^^$068ol 
 
 TAee tsaA-goA chayn- 
 
 letter 
 
 
 zaAns-baA 
 
 I want some note- 
 
 0DGS]8€[?0^|[C^ 
 
 TsaA-yays-yaAn tsek- 
 
 paper 
 
 ^60D^ 
 
 koo loA-jin-^Aee 
 
 Give me an enve- 
 
 OD3S500^GO8ol 
 
 TsaA-ayk taA-hkoo 
 
 lope 
 
 
 pays-baA 
 
 Where is the ink? 
 
 ^Sg^SoooS^dc^ 
 
 Hmin-oAs beh-hmaA 
 leh 
 
 Lend me a piece of 
 
 56|50Cg,|0D§5 
 
 Hmin-hnayk tsek-koo 
 
 blotting-paper 
 
 GO80I 
 
 taA-chaAt pays-baA 
 
142 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Get me some 
 
 stamps 
 Tell him to wait 
 
 I will send a reply 
 later 
 
 Can I send a tele- 
 gram? 
 
 How much is the 
 postage on these 
 letters 1 
 
 I am just going to 
 
 read it 
 Can you lend me a 
 
 pencil ? 
 
 What is your tele- 
 phone number? 
 My number is — 
 
 Put me through 
 
 to — 
 Line engaged 
 Ring up (Mr. 
 
 Smith)! 
 
 CC385GQl68<^D3GOi 
 
 of 
 G^Do5^(y $(0d8o1 
 
 g(^s^58§o5^6o1 
 od^oco'jSgcodoS 
 
 GOoGjQ^C^ 
 
 uo^cx)oo5olo2§ 
 
 5oooog^d68ocdd 
 91801 
 
 06 (^ D 3 1 ol o5 CO o5 
 GCODoScO 
 
 c^.^6|.olo5gSol 
 — c^ogoSccSol 
 
 035'Q33D§ol 
 ygOODOoSc^OOODo 
 G(QD00g8j,SGgD 
 
 ol 
 
 Ta^ - zayt - gowng;- 
 
 myaAs pays-baA 
 Tsowng nay-loy? thoo 
 
 goh pyavr-ba/i 
 No wk - hmtxA py a An ■ 
 
 zaA poA-baA-mee 
 Kyays - na^nS yit 
 
 hning-baA-mee-laAs 
 Thee tshh-mjahz Sih 
 
 twet tsd.h-hoh-ga>h 
 
 beh-lowk pays-yaA 
 
 mee-leh 
 YaA-hkoo-beh hpa/^t- 
 
 paA-mee 
 HkeA - da^n t a A - 
 
 chowngs hka^iia^ 
 
 hgnaAs-baA 
 Hken byaAs nahmhahi 
 
 beh-lowk leh 
 KyoonoAk naAmbaM 
 
 — hpyit-paA-^Aee 
 — goA thweh-pay 
 
 baA 
 LaAnS maA aAs-baA 
 (MistaA SaAmit)-goA 
 
 t s a A g a A S - p y a w- 
 
 thaAn-joA-hnin pyaw- 
 
 baA 
 
 1 This is translated 'SpeaK to Mr. Smith with the telephone.' 
 
143 
 
 In Town. §o2633g(^d6§33gp 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Where shall we 
 
 02J^5C^OOOSC^33 
 
 KyoonoAk-doA beh- 
 
 gol 
 
 cogogDSogcx) 
 
 goA a^-leh-thwaAs 
 mee-leh 
 
 Let us go to the 
 
 ODCr^o5c§C^DS(c^§ 
 
 TsaA-dik-thoA thwaAs 
 
 post office 
 
 
 jyaA-zoA 
 
 Where does this 
 
 OO^CoSo-JoScGp 
 
 Thee laAnS beh yowk- 
 
 road go? 
 
 o5oo:x) 
 
 thaA-leh 
 
 Go up the street 
 
 co53 c^o^oS o^d8 
 
 La/mz-guh lik-thwa/^s 
 
 Is it far from here? 
 
 OOgSoOC^DGOSOO 
 
 Dee-gaA kwaA-ways- 
 
 
 CODS 
 
 thrih-lUi 
 
 Show me the way 
 
 co68c^gol 
 
 L'dhnl-^oh pya/«-baA 
 
 Turn to the right 
 
 OO c8 COD O cS cB 
 
 Let-yaA-bet-tho/i hleh- 
 
 J o 
 
 
 O^^C^DSO^OS 
 
 thwaAs-lik [thwaAs 
 
 Turn to the left 
 
 coc/iooo5c§o^^ 
 
 Let-vveh-bet-thoA hleh- 
 
 Go straight on 
 
 Go51^o5^oo§c^D3 
 
 Shay-^Aoy^ teh-deA 
 
 0.' o o o 
 
 
 ol 
 
 thwa/iS hhh 
 
 Second turning to 
 
 CO o5 CO D O o5 ^ D J^ 
 
 Let-yaA-bet-hmaA 
 
 the right 
 
 CBODCO^IC^C^CS 
 
 dooteeya/i lihn%-goh 
 lik 
 LaAns-goA koos- 
 
 Cross the road 
 
 co68c^nr^8ogDS 
 
 >...? 
 
 ^^ODC^ 
 
 thwaAS [thuh-leh 
 
 In what street 
 
 — oooScoSg og^ 
 
 — beh la/ms-dwiii shee 
 
 Please tell me the 
 
 cgGGpo5G33D8 
 
 — thoh yowk-owng 
 
 nearest way to... 
 
 33^8a^ co68c^ 
 
 aA-neeS-z6/mS lahnZ- 
 
 
 G[yDoll» 
 
 goA pyaw-ba^ 
 
144 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Is this tiie way 
 
 OO ^ CO 6 8 c^ c^ o5 
 
 T/iee laAiis-goA lik- 
 
 to ... ? 
 
 C^6 O^GGpoS 
 
 hlyin — fhoh-yowk- 
 
 
 _|6o1q^coo8 
 
 hning-bfiA - mee- 
 
 Do you know 
 
 F. c^Sc^oSogjSs 
 
 F. thaAhken - goA 
 
 Mr. FJ 
 
 oooooS 
 
 thee - kyoons - thhh - 
 
 I do not know 
 
 QoSo^S 
 
 MaA thee-boo; 
 
 I know him well 
 
 o:^c^gcx)o58gooo88 
 
 Thoo-goA kowngs- 
 
 
 ogj §800^5 
 
 gowngs kyoonS-Mee 
 
 Who is he '? 
 
 o^ccjooc^c^cb 
 
 HtoA loo ba^loo leh 
 
 He is an old friend 
 
 O^8o§GSgGOO0 88 
 
 T li o m a y t s w a y 
 
 
 g8oloo^ 
 
 howngs hpyit-paA- 
 thee 
 
 Where does he 
 
 oCj^oooSqdg^ooc^ 
 
 Thoo beh-hmaA nay- 
 
 live ? 
 
 
 thU-\eh 
 
 He lives close by 
 
 C^^53S8j>S30|8 
 
 (KyoonoAk ayn-hnin) 
 
 (my home) 
 
 G^oloO^ 
 
 Sih - nee; nay - baA - 
 
 thee 
 
 Is Mr. F. (Mrs. F.) 
 
 F. ^S (F. cgSo) 
 
 F. thaAhken (thaA- 
 
 at home? 
 
 3S6026_^ODOOD§ 
 
 hken-ma/?) ayn-dwin 
 shee-thiih-Irihi 
 
 I must go 
 
 Ogj^5c^08olGODD 
 
 KyoonoAk thwaAs- 
 
 
 og 
 
 baA-daw-mee 
 
 Good-bye (go and 
 
 c^o8§8gooo (or 
 
 ThwaAs-oAns-law (or 
 
 return) 
 
 good) 
 
 ^^^}) 
 
 What is the name 
 
 C^oo68o^ooo5j)o5 
 
 HtoA la/ms-goA beh- 
 
 of that street? 
 
 GOTOOOO 
 
 hneh hkaw-^AaA- 
 leh 
 

 145 
 
 
 1 English. Burmese. Pronunciation. 
 
 Which road must 
 
 OOoSco68C^D8G|Q 
 
 Beh laAns thwa/<s-yaA- 
 
 I take ? 
 
 g<x 
 
 mee-leh 
 
 Tou) are out of 
 
 co6§^d3(§ 
 
 La^ns hma^s byee 
 
 the way 
 
 
 
 Shopping. a^S^jDSog^^^o^SP" 
 
 Howmuch is this? 
 
 00^ OD D 330^ 500 'j5 
 
 Thee haA a.h-hpdht 
 
 
 GCODcScb 
 
 beh-lowk leh 
 
 It is too much 
 
 3Q0^8g?00^ 
 
 Ah-hpoh'o keet-thee 
 
 Send them at once 
 
 ^o59j68§c^oSol 
 
 Chet-chins po/i-lik-pa/i 
 
 I wish to buy 
 
 ooS^Soo^ 
 
 Weh-jin-/Aee 
 
 '(I) will take this 
 
 OD^OODC^O^olog^ 
 
 Thee haA-goA yoo-baA- 
 
 mee 
 
 (I)want some calico 
 
 8oSod5^8oo^ 
 
 Payt weh-jin-Mee 
 
 Show (me) some 
 
 §8g8gDOO^@ol 
 
 Pohz kjohi-hysih Wi- 
 
 ' ribbons 
 
 
 choh pya^-baA 
 
 iThis colour is too 
 
 a5|33GGp6e§C§?B 
 
 Ee a^-yow^ng nyoh- 
 
 dark 
 
 oog 
 
 \oon%-thee 
 
 Have you any that 
 
 gJgsgoscooSgoS 
 
 Ee kyo/iS-byaAs det 
 
 is narrower than 
 
 coScoDogsgoB 
 
 byet-gneh - Maw 
 
 thisi 
 
 ^G00800CO08 
 
 kyoAs-byaAs shee- 
 thayZ-thhh-Wiz 
 
 What is the price 
 
 oof] oS C^8 300^8 
 
 Ta/i-gik hlyina^-hpo/zs 
 
 per yard ? 
 
 oocSgodooScX' 
 
 beh-lowk leh 
 
 It is faded 
 
 33GGp8§$00^ 
 
 AA-yowng hmayn- 
 thee 
 
 It is too fine 
 
 33C^5^a5^00^ 
 
 AA-hl66n nyet-noo thee 
 
 This is right 
 
 00^ oo OGOOO 68 
 
 Thee hah kowngs-Mee 
 
 
 OD^ 
 
 
 BURMESE 8.-T. 
 
 
 K 
 
146 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation, 
 
 What are they the 
 
 OOGjCgSsSO^SOOC^ 
 
 Ta/i-yaAn hlyin aA- 
 
 pair 1 
 
 GCODoScX) 
 
 hpoAs beh-lowk leh 
 
 Have you any silk 
 
 ^§93^3^DgCGp68 
 
 P6/iS-paAs6 h%-mji\h z 
 
 ^putsoes for sale? 
 
 C|53oocod8 
 
 yowngs-ya^n shee- 
 thah-l^hi 
 
 I will inquire and 
 
 02j|5goSo8^^d3 
 
 Kyoono^k mays-tsit- 
 
 let you know 
 
 cgDC^oSo^ 
 
 yooay kyaAs-pyaw- 
 lik-mee 
 
 I ^vill give five 
 
 o^cjODC^G^cl8a^5 
 
 HtoA hhh-hoh gnway 
 
 rupees for it 
 
 go8q^ 
 
 gnaAs-jaAt pays-mee 
 
 Take this vv^atch to 
 
 g5)^D^§o5c^9|6 
 
 Ee naAyee-gwet-koA 
 
 be mended 
 
 G|G3Qd8 OqO^Do 
 
 pyin-yaA-owng yoo- 
 
 
 c^oSol 
 
 thwa/iS-lik-pa^ 
 
 Can you give me 
 
 3 61g00 0^5c^335§ 
 
 Dinga^s taA-jaAt-koA 
 
 change for a 
 
 ^8o1o^cod3 
 
 aAns hning-ba^-mee- 
 
 rupee '? 
 
 
 laAs 
 
 1 have no change 
 
 335BG|5«^o1 
 
 Ahni-jsihn maA-shee 
 baA 
 
 I have no cojjpers^ 
 
 ^oSoOogolllQoS 
 
 PisaAn maA shee-baA, 
 
 only four -anna 
 
 GOOOD^oloO^ 
 
 maAt tsee ^AaA shee- 
 
 pieces 
 
 
 baA-Mee 
 
 Shooting and Fishing. 
 
 G^O^oclollO^oSlQSll^D^Oj^Glnr^^Soll 
 
 oo^33<^5§330^8 2%ee aA-yaAt hnik aA- 
 (q8o6oicl8^DS mehs pit hkins, 
 0828000038 hgnaAs hmyaAs-gin 
 
 shee-^AaA-laAs 
 
 ' The garment worn by men round the waist ; some are very handsome. 
 
 Is there any shoot- 
 ing or fishing 
 here ? 
 
147 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Can you find me 
 a hunter? 
 
 II will send you a 
 hunter to show 
 you game? 
 
 What game can 
 you show me ? 
 
 Do you wish to 
 shoot deer or 
 birds ? 
 
 There are plenty 
 of hog deer in 
 the jungle and 
 sometunes one 
 finds hares and 
 pigs 
 
 Snipe are found 
 in the rice fields 
 and duck and 
 teal in the lake 
 
 Go3|.6olo§co3i 
 
 G33d6^3^oOO 
 GOOD cS 0^ GqT 
 GOoQpS 
 
 OOOS 00081 3C|oSl 
 (^C=^D8C^(qS 91800 
 
 cooSii goS^joSo^ 
 (yS^8oocoo§ 
 
 GOOO 00 ^03 G| o5 33 
 
 QSoOol OOGCOO^ 
 j)SGO30oa5^0D 
 GOO OO 06 00^ 
 
 oooSQ8ob^OG[^ 
 oc8^o3go]oo§ji 
 3o8ocb^oo6oc5b 
 
 J)8o8oc^C^G02 
 
 c8§o^ 
 
 MoAkso/iS taA - yowk 
 shaAs pays hning- 
 baA-mee-laAs 
 
 Ah-mehi-goh hnyoon- 
 pyaA -yaA- owng 
 mo^kso^S taA-yowk- 
 koh hkfiw-pays-mee 
 
 Beh aA-mehs-myoAs- 
 mya^s-goA pya^ 
 hning-baA-mee-laAs 
 
 S6jht, tha/^min, daA- 
 yeh, jee-mya/iS-goA 
 pit- chin-/Aa/i-la^S ; 
 hgnet-myfiAs-goA 
 pit - chin - thah - 
 
 Taw-deh-hma^ daA- 
 yeh aA-hloon mya^s- 
 thee ; laA - gowngS- 
 pyin tah-hkhh-tsih- 
 lay yo/^n-hnin taw- 
 wet-mya^s tway- 
 da/it-thee 
 
 Leh - byin - deh -hmaA 
 myay - woot - myaAs- 
 paw - thee ; ins - deh - 
 hmaA wooms-beh- 
 hnin tsitsaAlee - goh 
 tway-laym-mee 
 K 3 
 
148 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Is the jungle very 
 
 GOODt^D§gD£5oOo5 
 
 Taw myaAs-z66a/i 
 
 thick ^ 
 
 OOCOD8 
 
 shoAk-taM-thaA-laA s 
 
 The tree jungle is 
 
 00 5gO3DQ^^50^?ii 
 
 rhit-taw ma/i-sho,^k- 
 
 not thick but 
 
 C§Gp026gSoo63 
 
 hpoos; MoA-ya/i-dwin, 
 
 there is tall grass 
 
 § g oS GODD § 
 
 myit-kaAns - hnik 
 
 near the river 
 
 OD^ 
 
 myet-taw shee-Mee 
 
 How many guns 
 
 G 00 ^ o5 00 c£ J>S 
 
 Thay-naAt beh-hnaA- 
 
 have you ? 
 
 cooS^oooo 
 
 let shee-Ma^-leh 
 
 I have three 
 
 j)8oqsgGoo^o5o^s 
 
 HnaMoy^nS-byoo-thay- 
 
 double-barrel 
 
 ooo5^8§o5oo5 
 
 na/ft thoAns-let-hnin 
 
 and a rifle 
 
 oocooS^oo^ 
 
 yikpa/it taMet shee- 
 Mee 
 
 This gun is a 
 
 00 § Gr\->^ o5 G ^0 o6 
 
 TheQ thay-na^t nowk- 
 
 breechloader 
 
 c^8coo^o5g8ol 
 
 hibhi - thay-na^t 
 
 
 oo^ 
 
 hpyit-pfiA-Z^ee 
 
 How many cait- 
 
 c^ og o5 sB 5'db ^ 
 
 HtoA Iweh-ayk - deh- 
 
 ridges have you 
 
 oo88gooo6ooo5 
 
 hma^ yaAns - downg 
 
 in that bag? 
 
 j>SooSolooc^ 
 
 beh-hna^-lo^ns paA- 
 
 Put sixty cart- 
 
 o^ooSooodb^oooSs 
 
 HtoA thit-taA-deh- 
 
 ridges into that 
 
 good8(socoodo6 
 
 hmaA yaAns- downg 
 
 box 
 
 oo^o^oS 
 
 chowk- seh- lowk 
 hteh-lik 
 
 You have hit 
 
 OOOS 00 G OOOSC^ 
 
 SaAt taA-gowng-goA 
 
 (shot) a red deer. 
 
 ^§ol(Bcg8 
 
 hma^n-ba/i-byee, 
 
 Sir 
 
 
 thaAliken 
 
 It cannot go far. 
 
 G§G00005[§§C^ 
 
 Chay-dowk kyoA; \qh 
 
 for its leg is 
 
 GCggOQa^OS^S 
 
 way-zooaA maA 
 
 broken 
 
 o^s 
 
 thwa/iS-hning-booS 
 

 149 
 
 
 ' English. Burmese. Pronunciation 
 
 A teal has fallen 
 
 08 o oSoo goodS 
 
 Tsit>aMee ta/z-go\vng 
 
 in the grass near 
 
 3^8^D8^Dga5o6 
 
 ing-na/iS-hma/i myet- 
 
 the pond 
 
 cbc§oc^Gco(§ 
 
 pln-deh-^AoA kyaA- 
 lay-byee 
 
 IThere are some 
 
 olo GOOD CO 'cJD GOOD 
 
 Wa^S - daw- deh - hmaA 
 
 jungle-fowl in 
 
 @05'<ilD§||Dr^ 
 
 taw-jet-mya/iS shee- 
 
 the bamboos 
 
 
 /Aee 
 
 Can you catch 
 
 O^G^oSSOgS cl8 
 
 HtoA chowngs-dwin 
 
 fish in that 
 
 C^DgC^QjD8|6aD 
 
 gnaAs - myfi^s -go/i 
 
 stream ? 
 
 C0D3 
 
 hmy a/io - hning-//ia/i- 
 l:i//S 
 Hmya^s-za^ a/<- 
 
 What is the best 
 
 ^D80D 33 GOOdSS 
 
 j bait? 
 
 3^^ooo5oo8§cx) 
 
 kowngs-zo^ns beh- 
 th\n% leh 
 
 ! Bring a rod and 
 
 ^d]o6ooo6'J)5q!d8 
 
 HmyaAs-da^n-taA-zins- 
 
 some bait witli 
 
 ODGSsgOj^ODDOD 
 
 hnin hmya/ts-za^ 
 
 yuu 
 
 
 a/.!-choA yoo-laA- 
 geh 
 
 The best bait is 
 
 08j>CG0DD06fe(JD8 
 
 Tee-hnin lowk-mya/^s 
 
 worms and mag- 
 
 o!D8odqqcodd68 
 
 hmyaAs-zaA aA- 
 
 gots 
 
 S^SgSoD^ 
 
 kowngs-zo/ms hpyit- 
 thee 
 
 If you cannot get 
 
 Cj83C^QG)^8c^6 
 
 La^-gowngs-go^ ma^ 
 
 them, use paste 
 
 t^4853c^3^S 
 
 yaA - hning - hlyin, 
 moAn-zaynS goA 
 tho/ms 
 
 You cannot hunt 
 
 00 8 Q^ cgS oqjD8 
 
 Sin ma/^ shee-hlyin, 
 
 tigers without 
 
 t^DSC^OC^o5|8 
 
 kya^2-myaAs-go/^ 
 
 elephants 
 
 0^3 
 
 ma^ lik-hni ig-boos 
 
English, 
 
 150 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 YoM can watch 
 for them at 
 night on a stage 
 in a tree 
 
 It is, however, 
 weary work and 
 the mosquitoes 
 bite 
 
 How long have 
 you hved in this 
 circle ? ^ 
 
 ^33 ol OO S 08 GoT 
 OOCo8o£^DGo]8 
 G^|8cO^ 
 
 c8 Gp Og 8 33C^ £08 
 
 o §8^g8c^ oS 
 
 00 ^ o^ oS db ^D 
 G,?.oo^oooooc:6 
 GOooo5|^o[Bcb 
 
 NyaA aA-hka/z thit-pin- 
 baw- gaA lin - zin 
 hmfi/i tsowng - nay - 
 hning-/Aee 
 
 Tho h - yRh - d win , a A- 
 hloon pim-ba^ns- 
 yooay chin kik-thee 
 
 Thee tik - hteh - hmra 
 nay-/^a^-ha/^ beh- 
 lowk kyaA-byee-leh 
 
 Public Works. Ggc^Ssioo^GooooSGooosDopc^Ds 
 
 Come here with 
 your hoe 
 
 Do not dig there 
 
 Dig wider 
 
 How many men 
 are wanted to 
 
 cut the jungle ? 
 
 o1o5or^8c^a;^§ 
 oogSo^ooooo 
 
 i.OQ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Oqi C^ G 30 3 8 O^ 
 
 c§oS 
 
 GOOD S|^C^ G| G30d8 
 CXj^ 00 o5 J) 8 G 00 3 oS 
 
 3oo^>^oora 
 
 Powk-toos-go/^ yoo- 
 yooay dee-go^ laA- 
 geh 
 
 HoA-hmfiA maA toos- 
 hnin 
 
 o 
 
 Kyeh-owng toos-lik 
 
 Taw hkoAk - ya/i - 
 owng loo beh-hnaA 
 yowk a/i-lo/i shee- 
 Ma/i-leh 
 
 ^ Note.— oBoS tik, generally translated circle, corresponds to our word 
 'hundred' in the divisions of a county. The word 000 hii/i, thing, which 
 occurs in the last sentence, is a very common colloquial idiom and | 
 corresponds to our word fact 
 
151 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 [Six men are 
 
 CO 5 8 o:^ 5 Q 5 o^ 
 
 La^ns lohk-jahn loo- 
 
 wanted for road 
 
 GgDoScODDoSc^ 
 
 chowk-yowk loA-jin- 
 
 work 
 
 ^8CX)^ 
 
 thee 
 
 Send three men 
 
 COo5oOQDS^op§C^ 
 
 LetthaAmaAs-myaA s- 
 
 to help the car- 
 
 a^^SjG3D06c^ 
 
 go^ koo-nyee-yah- 
 
 penters 
 
 a^ § GOO D o5 c^ 
 
 owng loo - tho/ais- 
 
 
 c^o8c^o5 
 
 yowk- ko^ hloot- 
 lik 
 
 Take seven men 
 
 o5ood§goodo5g|5 
 
 Ta/i-da^s sowk-ya^n 
 
 to build the 
 
 C(^^^ S GOODo5 
 
 loo hkoohna^-yowk 
 
 bridge 
 
 GoTogDSGODD 
 
 h k a w - thwa i^ s- d a w 
 
 o 
 
 'What kind of soil 
 
 C^^DOQcScgt^g^ 
 
 Ho^-hma^ beh myay 
 
 is it there 'i 
 
 oora 
 
 myo^s shee-thsih- 
 leh 
 
 It is sandy, Sir 
 
 COGg^DSoloO^ 
 
 Theh - myay mya/iS - 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 baA-//^ee, tha//hken 
 
 Where did you 
 
 OO^GgoOSC^OOC^ 
 
 Thee myay-zays-goA 
 
 find this stitf 
 
 ^DGOgOOCX) 
 
 beh-hmaA t\x^j-t/mh- 
 
 clay ? 
 
 
 leh 
 
 This ground is ex- 
 
 OD^G{^3DCq^COGp 
 
 Thee myay a/ihloon- 
 
 ceedingly hard 
 
 QDoloO^ 
 
 daA-yaA ma^-ba^- 
 thee 
 
 The hoe will break. 
 
 Gol oS 0^8(^8 O^ 
 
 Powk-toos kyoAs-mee 
 
 80 get a pickaxe 
 
 ^8C^G0lo50r^30^8 
 
 tsoAs-lo^ powk-toos- 
 
 
 00 CO oSc^O^CT) 
 
 l6Ansta/i-let-ko/i yoo- 
 geh 
 
 Kemove the stones 
 
 G0^3a5<^D8C^ 00 
 
 Kyowk-myaAs - goh 
 
 with a crowbar 
 
 ^^glS°i>§o^§^ 
 
 thaAn-taA-yooins- 
 
 
 c^oS 
 
 hnin toos-swaA-lik 
 
English. 
 
 152 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pi-onunciation. 
 
 Blast the rock 
 
 Putasideallstones 
 fit for building 
 
 The space is not 
 sufficient 
 
 Level 30 ft. fur- 
 ther back 
 
 Whenlcalledyou, 
 why did you not 
 answer ? 
 
 As the ground is 
 very soft you 
 must lay planks 
 
 Bring the cord 
 and pegs for lay- 
 ing out the foun- 
 dation 
 
 Must this work 
 be finished to- 
 day ? 
 
 There is not 
 enough sand in 
 this mortar 
 
 GOqj3o5g8C^OO§3 
 
 j.Sgo1o5§ 
 
 33 GOOD o5 33 § o ^ 8 
 
 god5goddgo^do5 
 
 00D8CJ 5 G ^G| D O 
 G 0;^OGCODo5 
 
 ^dg33d6(^o:]5 
 ol 
 
 Oo6c^ G OTOODCOOOD 
 
 gc^^oojsooco 
 
 C^S)68^G|o^ 
 
 3Dg(^3do:^do^^o5 
 ^G|$g8|>8o^o5 
 
 OD ^ 3S o:^ 5 OO G ^„ 
 g8G3Do8oq5Gj 
 
 q^cod8 
 
 OO^ODgloSogSoQ 
 OGCODoSo^g 
 
 Kyowk - kees - goA 
 ydhni - hnin hpowk- 
 hkweh 
 
 AA-sowk a^-6^ns-hnin 
 taw-//iaw kyowk- 
 mjiiht-goh ta^-hpet- 
 hmfiA tsoo-po^n-lik 
 
 HtclAs-yaAn nay-yaA 
 maA lowk hpoos 
 
 Pay thoAns-zeh lowk 
 nowk - thoh tdh%- 
 yooay nyee-nya^- 
 owng pyoo-loAk-paA 
 
 Thin-goh hkaw ka^laA 
 baA-pyoo-lo^ ma^ 
 htoos-^MMeh 
 
 My ay aA-hl66n pyaw- 
 Mee-hnin pyeen- 
 hjkhz- mjiihz-goh 
 hkins-chaA-yaA-mee 
 
 A^-chay aA-lyaA-goA 
 hma^t-chaA-yaAn 
 kyo^S-hnin paAnet 
 myaAs yoo-geh 
 
 Th.e a/i-loAk yaA-nay 
 pyees - owng loAk - 
 ya^-mee-la^s 
 
 TAee thaAyoot-twin 
 theh msih lowk hpoos 
 
153 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 There is too muc h 
 
 lime in it 
 The lime is not 
 
 good. What 
 
 kiln did it come 
 
 from? 
 The plastering 
 
 must be done 
 
 carefully 
 
 Unless the timbei- 
 is properly earth- 
 oiled the white 
 ants will eat it 
 
 White ants do not 
 eat iron-wood or 
 teak 
 
 Will you have 
 thatch or shin- 
 gles on the roof? 
 
 Tiles are difficult 
 to obtain 
 
 Bring me the com- 
 pass and chain 
 
 oogjo8o^8o^£^3S 
 
 338GOOd^6oO^^O 
 
 00 8 000 S O^ GG||, 
 GCTOoSSGOOoSiQ 
 
 ooc^cgiSg^J 
 ooo5oo§o8§Q^ 
 
 OS 
 
 ogj$8oo83>S(^6§oo 
 c^ 8 g^oSoooS 
 )o5o^8 
 
 00( 
 
 3§c3o5j>8ooo5 
 
 OOo5§8 O^COOB II 
 
 qgoo^oSc^ g 
 3Sj-5 (^o5 j;)888 
 
 0^0008 
 
 3:;?^ o8 (^o5<^ d8oooS 
 
 G|500gS 
 
 c^^ol j;>Sg[^o^88 
 ogsc^o^ 
 
 oo 
 
 )CODCyD 
 
 Tha/iyoot-twin hto/ais 
 myfiAs-loon %- thee 
 
 Htoy^ns mkh kou ngs 
 boos ; beh htoAns- 
 bo^-hmaA leh 
 
 Inga^day kiug-^Aee 
 hmah, thay - thaj 
 chuA-ja^ pyoo-yaA- 
 mee 
 
 Thit-thaAs-go/i yay- 
 naAn kowngs-gowngs 
 mah thoAk-hlyin 
 chaA-myahs tet-tsfiAs- 
 laymmee 
 
 Kyoon-Mit-hnin pyins- 
 gah-ddht chaA-myaAs 
 maA tsfiAs-daAt- 
 hpoos 
 
 Da/mee-bet-hnin thek- 
 keh moAs-mee-laAs ; 
 /AoA-maA-hoAk, py- 
 een oAk-kyout-hnin 
 moAs-mee-lfiAs 
 
 ( ) Ak-ky oot- my aAs teh 
 yaA-geh-/Aee 
 
 KoompaA-hnin myay- 
 ding-thaAn-joAs-goA 
 voo-lfiA-geh 
 
154 
 
 English, 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 I forgot them and 
 left them in the 
 works office 
 
 GQGCX^OC^Ggo^SB 
 ^ QD Cr^ §G| 8g ^ 
 
 oops 
 
 May- yaw-loA myay- 
 ding-yo^n- hmaA 
 kvaAn-yit nav-/Aee 
 
 Planting. ooScS^oSgSsii 
 
 How many coolies 
 
 have you? 
 How long have 
 
 they worked 
 
 with you ? 
 
 Are they good 
 workers ? 
 
 Muster the coolies 
 near the bunga- 
 low 
 
 How much pay 
 does each get a 
 day ? 
 
 Each man must 
 dig forty holes 
 a day? 
 
 Do not pull up the 
 young plants 
 
 Oj^ c8 OD o5 J) 6 
 G OO D qS ^ DO CO 
 
 o^c^godSoSs 
 
 oS^OCC^oSoOOOD 
 00 o5 G CO D cS 
 
 gof§cX) 
 
 330qoS C^ 8 ^O0J)5 
 
 a^oSoo o8 (^oo 
 coos 
 336^os^oo:j^c8(^o8 
 c^ "J^^ 8 gJoo 8 
 c^oS 
 
 Cr| c8 OJ 8 GO C^ c5 
 C^6g^^O^£o30Q 
 00 C^ GCOO o5 G[ 
 
 oooSoocb 
 
 o^ o8 00 G ooo o5 oo 
 
 G^^C^jSogSSGOOS 
 OOC^8or^oG|QpS 
 
 30o6oOGC08(^0 8c^ 
 
 ^lo^oSj-S 
 
 I 
 
 Koolee beh - hnaA - 
 yowk shee-^AaA-leh 
 
 Thoo-doA mowng- 
 mins-zee-hmaA lo^k 
 thaA-haA beh-Iowk 
 kyaA-byee-leh ■ 
 
 A h -loAk - koA weey ee - 
 yaA-hnin loAk-taAt- 
 kyaA-MaA-lahs 
 
 Ayn-na/iS-hmaA koo- 
 lee-mya^S-goA tsoo- 
 yoAnS-yooay htaAs-lik 
 
 Koolee-myaAs taA-go/i- 
 hlyin nay-dings a.h- 
 hkaA beh-lowk yaA- 
 daAt-thaA-leh 
 
 Koolee-taA-yowk taA- 
 nay-hlyin twins lays- 
 zeh zee toos-yaA- 
 mee 
 
 \h - pin - gaAlays - 
 myaAs-goA sweh- 
 yooay maA-hnoAk- 
 hnin 
 
155 
 
 English. 
 
 Bui-mese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 I^Mark the places 
 where they are 
 to dig the holes 
 
 Trample the earth 
 down in plant- 
 ing 
 
 'Go and fetch the 
 plants from the 
 seed-beds 
 
 Take up the plants 
 with the earth 
 
 After planting 
 them give them 
 plenty of water 
 
 Og Co O^oGjQ^G^ 
 003CO gQc^G§ 
 
 c5|)8o8S00 33o8oO 
 
 G CO S^jD Scraps 
 
 33oSc^g(qo1g33d6 
 ^o5(83^GG|G0036b 
 
 goodSsgcodSs^ 
 
 GOSC^oS 
 
 Twins toos-yaA-mee- 
 nay-yaA-mya/iS-goA 
 hma^t-pyaA-lik 
 
 AA-pin-myaAs-go^ Isik- 
 kaAla,/^, myay-go/i 
 chee-hnin hnayk- 
 nins-lik 
 
 Pyo/iS-ginS-ga^ a^-pin- 
 ga/ilay s - m y a As - g o A 
 thwa^S yoo-geh 
 
 Ah-p'm-goh myay pa/i- 
 owng hnoAk-pa/i 
 
 Tsik-pyees-hmaA yay 
 kowngs-gowngs 
 lowngs-yuoay pays- 
 lik 
 
 Arrival in the Country. g^o^ScGpoSooDcoii 
 
 (For Vocabularies, see p. 6i.) 
 
 Here is my lug- 
 gage 
 
 Where is the cus- 
 tom-house '? 
 
 Bring that trunk 
 to the custom- 
 house 
 
 I have nothing 
 dutiable 
 
 ogj|5o5ocooScx)^ 
 
 ^D^ODj 
 
 3Q G OO 3 o5 d^ o5 
 
 oooSc^Dcb 
 
 G^GOO^D 33G GOD o5 
 3QGOCOo5§G|5gg"l 
 
 KyoonoAk woon-zaA- 
 
 leh dee-hmaA shee- 
 
 fhee 
 AA-kow^k-tik beh- 
 
 hmaA leh 
 Ho/i thittaA a/i-kowk- 
 
 tik-thoA yoo-geh 
 
 AA-kowk-hkweh-yaAn- 
 oAksaA maA paA 
 
156 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Here are (take) my 
 
 Ogj^SGODOC^DSo;^ 
 
 KyoonoAk thaw-mya^s 
 
 keys 
 
 oIgooo 
 
 yoo-baA-daw 
 
 Call a carriage 
 
 G|cod8oo88goTo1 
 
 Ya^hta^8 taA-zees 
 hkaw-bfiA 
 
 There is no car- 
 
 G|0ODSO388^Q^o1 
 
 Yahhtiih'o ta^-zees- 
 
 riage 
 
 
 hmyaA maA shee-baA 
 
 What is the fare 
 
 O^ 33 O 00 oS 
 
 — thoh aA-hkaA beh- 
 
 o 
 
 to—1 
 
 GCODoSc^ 
 
 lowk, leh 
 
 Tell the driver to 
 
 G) 0008^3 c^—o^ 
 
 YaAhta^s -hmoo; - go^ 
 
 take me to — 
 
 GOD 8 8 0^0 8 0^^ 
 
 — thqh mowngs- 
 
 
 gQdc^oSoI 
 
 thwaAs-loA pyaw- 
 lik-paA 
 
 Tell him to drive 
 
 a 2 C| 00 D 8 ^ o^^ g 
 
 MeeS-ya^htaAs-yo^n- 
 
 quickly to the 
 
 (§GQD6 8C^^GgD 
 
 thqh mya^n-mya^n 
 
 railway station 
 
 c^c^ol 
 
 mowngS-loA pyaw- 
 lik-paA 
 
 He says the bag*- 
 
 o$oooo5god8c^58 
 
 VVoon-zaA-leh lays- 
 
 gageistoo heavy 
 
 OD^^S c^^SgooI 
 
 loons - thee - hnin 
 
 (for a carriage), 
 
 ^dooSg^o^oo^ 
 
 hlehs-baw-hmaA-tin 
 
 it must be put 
 
 
 ya/i-mee, deh 
 
 on a cart 
 
 
 
 You must take it 
 
 g^§c§c§D3q?8s 
 
 Pyee - m yg A - thqh 
 
 to the station for 
 
 ClCODS^C^O^CgDS 
 
 thwaAs-ya/in mees- 
 
 Prome, not that 
 
 C|«g„6c^S§c^„ 
 
 yaAlitaAs- john-goh 
 
 for Pegu 
 
 c^oSg^?^c§qo^g] 
 
 yoo- thwa// s-yaA- 
 mee; PaAgo/iS- 
 mjqh-thqh htwet- 
 yaAn john- thqh 
 maA yoo-yaA 
 
157 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 I wish to catch 
 the steamer that 
 goes from Pro me 
 to Bamaw 
 
 When does the 
 steamer start ? 
 
 Please show me 
 
 my berth 
 Is this berth taken'? 
 
 T will engage the 
 whole cabin 
 
 Put this bag in the 
 cabin 
 
 What is the num- 
 berofyour cabin? 
 
 What is the fare ? 
 
 How many days 
 is it from Prome 
 to Bamaw ? 
 
 Are the mosqui- 
 toes troublesome 
 (do they bite)? 
 
 O^^C^D§ GOOD §8 
 OOGo5oC^|g3O08 
 
 82OOG0§0O0 OSOO 
 
 ^$ Goooo5og o5 
 
 00 CC 
 
 o^^5 33063 c^ g 
 
 o^oSol 
 oogaooSso^ 00^00 
 
 GOOD a5 ooaj^ |§ 
 
 ODOS 
 
 ogj^5ooo58o^8c^ 
 
 co^ 38 o5c^ 30063 
 
 ob^DcooSo^oS 
 
 30 o6i 1 0"] o5 00000 
 
 [do 
 oo:^oooo5GODDa5 
 
 g^"^O0O0GQ0(| 
 GGpoSG30D6oOOO 
 
 JiScjoSgooooS^I 
 y^co 
 g 6 c^ o5 0008 00 
 0008 
 
 Pyee-myg^-gaA BaA- 
 maw - uiyoh - thoh 
 
 ^ o o 
 
 thwaA :-//zaw-mees- 
 
 thims-baw-go^ hmee- 
 
 owng thwaAs-jin-^Aee 
 Mees-thimsbaw beh- 
 
 aA-chayn - lowk 
 
 htwet-thaA-leh 
 Kyoono^k a^-hkaAns- 
 
 go^ pyaA-lik-paA 
 Thee ah - hka^ms - goh 
 
 taA- zoAn-ta/i-3^owk- 
 
 kaA yoo-byee-laAs 
 KyoonoAk taA-hkii/ms- 
 
 lo^ns-goA yoo-bfiA- 
 
 mee 
 Thee ayk-koA a^- 
 
 hkaAns-deh-hma h 
 
 hta^S-lik 
 A'l-hka^^nS nahmhaht 
 
 hnh leh [leh 
 
 Ka^-doA-gaA beh-lowk. 
 Pyee-myoA-gaA Ba^- 
 
 maw-myoA yowk- 
 
 owng beh-hna^ yet 
 
 lowk shee-mee-leh 
 Chin kik-taAt thaA- 
 
 laAs 
 
158 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 They do not bite 
 in the cold sea- 
 son — only in the 
 rains 
 
 Have they mos- 
 quito curtains on 
 board, or should 
 I buy them ? 
 
 They had better 
 be bought in 
 Rangoon as they 
 will be useful 
 after leaving* the 
 boat 
 
 What do you call 
 that pagoda on 
 the other side of 
 the river ? 
 
 Where is the 
 Shway Da^goAn 
 Pagoda ? 
 
 Can you buy me 
 a good pony 1 
 
 Do they shoe the 
 
 ponies i 
 
 oogoSd^dqSgoodS 
 
 ^OD ODD 8 II O^ 
 Q OC^ 5 O ' j5 o| 5 
 GX)d6oO^ JCDS 
 
 8soogq5oooso6§(§s 
 ^4ID?^D33a^8cq]D 
 
 o^8oo5s|5qood58 
 QpS 
 
 g8 J^OOS^D^OO^ 
 
 GOTODCQ 
 G ^3 (| O^op 5 CO o5 
 
 O^j|5§g88G00D83 
 
 oogoodSo^ OC^ 
 
 |Colo^,COD 
 
 g 8§4|D8C§OD§D 
 OOo5cOCX)D8 
 
 Sowngs oodoo-hnik 
 mkh kik-hpoos; moAs 
 oodoo-hnik th^ch kik- 
 ta/it-thee 
 
 Thimobaw-hma/^ chin- 
 downg shee-/Aa/i-laAs; 
 thqh-mhh-hohk, weh- 
 ya/iu kowngs-mee-la/iS 
 
 Mees - thim sbaw - gaA 
 sins-bj^ees-hmii A 
 myaAs-zooaA aA- 
 th6Ans-kyaA-?!Aee- 
 hnin YaAngoAn- 
 myoA-dwin weh- 
 ya^n kowngs-mee 
 
 Myit ho/i-bet-hmilA 
 shee-/Aee hpa/i-yaAs- 
 goA beh-hneh hkaw- 
 thiih-leh 
 
 Shway-DaAgo/m hpaA- 
 yhhl heh-hnvdh, leh 
 
 KyoonoAk-hpoA myinS- 
 gowngs tili^-gowng- 
 goA weh-hning-baA- 
 mee-laAs 
 
 Myins-m yaAs - goA 
 thaAn-hkwaA taAt 
 tha/i-laAs 
 
I 
 
 159 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Saddle the pony 
 
 g68c^a:^5^|^03&5 
 
 Myins-goA koAns-hnees 
 
 
 ol 
 
 tin-geh-baA 
 
 (I) wish to engage 
 
 [3g3CXj^ COGOD800 
 
 Bahmah loo-ga^- 
 
 a Burmese ser- 
 
 GCX)Do5c^C^l3^6 
 
 lays ta^-yowk-koA 
 
 vant 
 
 OD^ 
 
 hg-na^S-jin-Z/iee- 
 
 What wages does 
 
 CO o 00 o5 GCooaS 
 
 La^-ga/i beh-lowk 
 
 he ask? 
 
 GOO08§OOO0 
 
 townas-//iaA-leh 
 
 No'JE — On arrival in the country a servant is required. 
 It is usual to engage a native of India who speaks EngHsh. 
 
 The Railway. §?g|oooScoS3h 
 
 (For Vocabulary, see p. 6i.) 
 English. Burmese. Pronunciation. 
 
 To the station 
 
 Here is my lug- 
 gage 
 
 I wish to register 
 my luggage 
 for — 
 
 The luggage is 
 over weight 
 
 Get my luggage 
 
 Here is the ticket 
 
 8i^[0O0o^C^ 
 
 C^^_5o5o03^X'^ 
 
 (jO^^Oog 
 02J^5o?COD^C§ 
 
 o533^5§00^ 
 OgJ^So^C^Oj^GOSol 
 
 COoS^oSoO^^D^ 
 00 pS 
 
 Mee s -yaAhta/iS - yoAn- 
 
 goh 
 KyoonoAk woonzaAleh 
 
 dee-huiah shee-Mee 
 KyoonoAk woonzaA- 
 
 leh-goA ^ree-jit-tsa/^- 
 
 ree loAk-chin-^/^ee 
 Woon a^-chayn poA- 
 
 thee 
 KyoonoAk woon-goA 
 
 yoo-pnyS-baA 
 Let-hmaAt dee-hmaA 
 
 shee-Mee 
 
 * In foreign words it is often necessary to use Q rah as r and not y. 
 
160 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 How many pack- 
 
 330C^5o3o53>a^5cX) 
 
 A^-htoAk beh-hnaA- 
 
 ages are there ? 
 
 
 1 htoAk, leh 
 
 Where is the wait- 
 
 godSoSsodc^^dco 
 
 Tsowng-ga^ns beh- 
 
 ing-room ? 
 
 
 hmaA, leh 
 
 Where is the Oook- 
 
 COoS^oS 6^00 c^ 
 
 Let-hma^^-hkaAn- 
 
 ing office ? 
 
 ODCX) 
 
 yoAn beh-hma^^ leh 
 
 Where is the re- 
 
 oD§o8sooo5^Dc6 
 
 TsaA-bweh-gaAns beh- 
 
 freshment room ? 
 
 
 hmaA, leh 
 
 W^here is the lava- 
 
 Q^OcS GOO8 CO o5 
 
 Nowk-hpays^ beh- 
 
 tory ? 
 
 ^OCQ 
 
 hnmh, leh 
 
 Where is the train 
 
 C^CgD8GODDG| 
 
 — goh thwahz-lli'dw- 
 
 for — ? 
 
 00 D 8 OD o5 ^ D ^ 
 
 ya^htaAs beh-hmaA 
 
 
 ODCO 
 
 shee-^/iaA-leh 
 
 Are you going by 
 
 33g§(^OOD2j>8ogD§ 
 
 A/i - mya/i n - ydhhtdh 2 - 
 
 the express ? 
 
 Q^CODS 
 
 hnin thwaAs-mee-laAs 
 
 Show me a time- 
 
 33^5Q)Oq|D8 0go5 
 
 AA-chayn-za^-ya^8- 
 
 table 
 
 c^§ol 
 
 gwet-koA pya^-ba/i 
 
 WMien does the 
 
 C|OOD8COC^ gooo 
 
 Ya^htaAs ^behdaw 
 
 train start ? 
 
 C^oSoDC^ 
 
 ht\Aet-thaA-leh 
 
 Can Ibookthrongh 
 
 0^ G CXD D o5 
 
 — goh dowk-showk- 
 
 to ? 
 
 G^DOSCOOS^OS 
 
 let-hmaAt hka/m- 
 
 
 6|8oDCOD8 
 
 ning-MaA-laAs 
 
 ' Here is an example of the noun spoken of being used as its own 
 numeral auxiliary instead of one of those given on pp. 79, 80. 
 
 ^ The verb 8 shee is often omitted. 
 
 ^ G^Do5gO08 nowk-hpayS really means the back precincts of a house, 
 i. e. rear. 
 
 * ODC^GODO beh-daw is a contracted form of 00oSg00D33o] beh 
 f/iaw-a/i-hka/i. 
 
161 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 A first- (second-) 
 class single ticket 
 to — 
 
 Return ticket 
 
 How much is it ? 
 We want a sleep- 
 ing carriage 
 
 A non - smoking 
 compartment 
 
 Is this the train 
 for — ? 
 
 Do I change any- 
 where ? 
 
 Where must I 
 change for — ? 
 
 [s this seat en- 
 gaged ? 
 rhere is no room 
 '^oXl the guard 
 
 rhe train is just 
 going to start 
 
 BURMESE S.-T. 
 
 — c^ogQ (qc8oD) 
 
 Oo58 33C^DSCOo5 
 
 ^o6oogod8cods 
 
 OOC^GCODoSoo 
 
 3S5Gj§G|OOD:OgJ^5 
 
 gooScSSqgoodoS 
 
 6|GOODGjOOD8 
 
 00^G|00D8 C^ 
 
 OgD8C) 5 ^ood8 
 COD8 
 CCG^GpGp^DqoODS 
 
 g|2368^o^cod8 
 ^dg^oodsg(5d68G| 
 
 COD8 
 
 G^GpQ^OtjjS 
 
 ooSo^c^GoTol 
 
 go^ paA-htaAmaA 
 
 (dooteeyaA) daAns 
 
 aA-thwaAs-let-hma^t 
 
 taA-zowng, la^s 
 AA - thwaht-sbh - py a^n- 
 
 let-hmaAt 
 Beh-lowk^ leh 
 Ayk-yaAn-yaAhta^S 
 
 ky oono^k - do A lo A - 
 
 Mee 
 Says-layk maA thowk- 
 
 yaA-/Aaw-yaAhtaA: 
 2%ee yaAhtaAs — goA 
 
 thwaAs-yaAn yaA- 
 
 htaAs, laAs 
 TaA-nay-yaA-yaA- 
 
 hmaA yaAhtaAs 
 
 pyowng-yaA-mee-laAs 
 — goA thwaAs-yaAn 
 
 beh-hmaA yaAhtaAs 
 
 p y o wng s-yaA-mee- 
 
 leh 
 TAee hting-yaA loo 
 
 yoo-b\ ee-laA; [boos 
 Nay-yaA maA shee- 
 GaAt-boA-goA hkaw- 
 
 baA 
 YaAhtaAs yaA-hkoo- 
 
 beh htwet-mee 
 
 L 
 
162 
 
 English. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Open the door 
 
 oools^Sol 
 
 TaA-ga^S hpwin-baA 
 
 Open the window 
 
 gooSs^Sol 
 
 PaA-dins hpwin-baA 
 
 Here is the station 
 
 88G[OOD^CO^^D^ 
 
 Mee-yaAhta^S-yoAn 
 
 
 OD^ 
 
 dee-hmaA shee-/Aee 
 
 Do we stop here ? 
 
 OD^Q^D€|500COD8 
 
 Dee-hmaA ya^t-thaA- 
 laAs 
 
 Do we alight here? 
 
 00^^D005§G[Q^ 
 
 Dee-hmaA sinS-yaA- 
 
 
 CODS 
 
 mee-laAs 
 
 D we chanq-ecar- 
 
 od^<^o^codIgQoB'o 
 
 Dee-hmaA vaAhtaAs 
 
 riages here ? 
 
 GjO^CODS 
 
 pyowngs-yaA-mee- 
 lay^S 
 
 How long do we 
 
 co§^9Dooc£gcodo5 
 
 Dee-hmaA beh-lowk- 
 
 stop here ? 
 
 (§DG|80Dcd 
 
 kyaA ya/it-thaA-leh 
 
 Five minutes 
 
 cl88^8 
 
 GnaAs meenit 
 
 My higgage is lost 
 
 0gj^50?GC^Do5 
 
 Kj^oonoAk woon 
 
 
 OgDSOD^ 
 
 pyowk-thwaAs-Mee 
 
 When it arrives 
 
 G Gp o5 G 00 D 33 ol 
 
 Yowk-thaw-aA-hkaA 
 
 forward it on 
 to — 
 Give me your ticket 
 
 o^§ol 
 
 — goA poA-baA 
 
 s)6gD8ooo5^o5 
 
 HkenbyaAs iet-hmaAt 
 
 [To superior] 
 
 G080'] 
 
 payS-baA 
 
 [Do. to inferior] 
 
 o5oodoS^o5go8 
 
 Mins let-hmaAt pays 
 
 Here it is [To su 
 
 OO^^Dol 
 
 Dee-hmaA baA 
 
 perior] 
 
 
 
 [Do. to inferior] 
 
 OD^^D 
 
 Dee-hmaA 
 
163 
 
 Specimen of Burmese Handwriting. 
 
 The LorcVs Prayer.* 
 
 [Burmese is written from left to right, and the written characters are 
 a copy of the printed ones, more or less close according to the skill and 
 care of the writer. See p. 22.] 
 
 * Tlie transliteration with the English words interlined is e;iven on the 
 next page. 
 
 V 
 
 77^ 
 
164 
 The Lord's Prayer, 
 
 Transliteration of the Burmese words with the English translation. 
 
 KowngS-gin-bo^n-hnik shee-daw-moo-/Aaw hh-kjoonohk-toh 
 In Heaven which art our 
 
 aA-hpa^i koAdaw-ee naAmaA-daw-a^s joh-thay-layz-mjMt- 
 Father, Thy name to hallowing 
 
 chins shee-baA-zay-/^awii ning-ngaAn-daw tee-downg-ba^-zay- 
 be ; Kingdom come (lit. may be es- 
 
 thsiww sih-\oh<\siW-thee kowngS-gins-boAn-hnik pyee-zoAn-thaA- 
 tablished) (and) will in Heaven is fulfilled 
 
 geh-thoh myay-gyeeS-baw-hmaA pyee-zoAn-ba^-zay-/Aawii 
 as on earth may be fulfilled ; 
 
 aA-thet-mways-lowk-/Aaw a^-saA-go^ aA-kyoonoAk-to^-aAs 
 life nourish sufficient food to us 
 
 ya^nay pays - thaAna^S - daw- moo- baAii Thoo-taAbaAs-/Aee 
 this day give ; (by) others 
 
 aA-kyoono/ik-toA-goA pyit-hma^s-^Aaw aA-hpyit-myaAs-goA 
 against us committed trespasses 
 
 aA-ky oonoAk-to A hpy ay-hl6ot-tha A-ge h-thoh aA-ky 56 n o A k -to A-ee 
 we forgive as our 
 
 aA-pyit-myaAs-goA hpyay-hloot-taw-moo-baAii aA-pyit-thways- 
 trespasses forgive : into tempta- 
 
 zowng-y ah-thoh maA lik maA paA-zay-beh maA-kowngS- 
 tion without leading from evil 
 
 /Aaw-aA-Amoo-aA^-yaA-hmaA keh-hnoAk-taw-moo-baAu aA- 
 things deliver (us). 
 
 kyowngS-moo-gaAs ning-ngaAn-daw-hnin hpoAns-taAgoAs 
 For (these reasons) ; kingdom and glory 
 
 ^aAn66baw-daw-/Aee aA-tsin-aA-myeh koA-daw-hnik shee-daw- 
 (and) power for ever and ever to thee are. 
 
 moo-ee-thaAdees^B aAminii 
 Amen. 
 
 * A^noobaw is a Burmanisecl Pali word. 
 
 2 ThafedeeS is a very strong assertive affix which implies 'for certain *. 
 
165 
 
 Money, o^lsu 
 
 The present coinage of Burma is the same as that used throughout 
 British India. 
 
 The Monetary Unit is the Rupee, which, at the time of going to press 
 (July 1936), is stabilised at Is. 6d. 
 
 Notes are issued by the Government of India for 5, 10, 20. 50, 100, 500 
 and 1,000 Rupees. 
 
 A Lak or Lakh equals 100,000 Rupees. 
 
 Silver Coins Nickel Coins 
 
 Bronze Coins 
 
 Rupee 8 Annas 
 
 ^ Anna 
 
 8 Annas 2 
 
 I » 
 
 4 „ 1 Anna 
 
 
 2 „ 
 
 
 An Anna is ^th part of a Rupee. 
 
 
 i Anna=6 pies. I Anna=-3 pies 
 
 
 A Pie is ^th part of an Anna or xf^nd part 
 
 of a Rupee. 
 
166 
 
 Weights. 33Gco3ii 
 
 The weights start with the ^Scg^o chin-yooayS, still used by silver- 
 smiths. It is a small red seed of which there are two kinds, ^Scf^l? 
 chin-yoonyS, Alms precaior his, GQlj^B yooayS-jeeS, Adinanthera ixa-onina. 
 
 2 ^8gQo ehin-youiiyS = i Gg|5^§ youa\-jeuS. 
 
 3 Gg|3g8 yooay-jeeS - i O peh pea). 
 a O peh = I ^° nir.oS. 
 
 a q8 mooS = i QOO ma//t. 
 
 4 OoS ma;it = I Oqj8 kya7it. 
 
 5 C7^5 kya/it = i ^cS hoh. 
 
 2o 8c£ bo/i = 1 8d30D payktha;^, of 
 
 G30oS a/i-hkwet. 
 
 The payktha^ viss or hkwet is S^^^nr ^^' avoirdupois, or about 3 lb. 2 oz. 
 The term 000 hkwet is substituted for 8 0003 payktha^i in connection 
 th any capital number above ten j as, 33Qo5j>8oOo5a^-hkwet-hna;» 
 
 wi 
 
 sell, 20 viss. 
 
 In abbreviated writing 
 
 One peh is b. 
 
 One mooS is r>. 
 
 One ma/it is 5. 
 One kya/it is 8. 
 
167 
 
 Measures of Length. 
 
 The best to start from is the 330o8 a/i-thit or fitiger's-bre.idth. 
 
 c1dOo5 gnlihl-thii (5 thit) = 00(^ oSta/i-mo/ik (fist with thuml 
 
 shut down). 
 j|8 Od8 shit-thit (8 thit) = Od8 o5 ta/i-mik (fist with thumt 
 
 stuck out). 
 0Oo5j)SooS seh-hna/i-^/iit (12 thit) = OOOgD taWitwa^i ,span). 
 §>5oOD hna.h-Yiivfa.h ; 2 htwa/i) = OOGOOdS ta^i-downg (cubit) 
 
 GCO8G00d6 layS-downg (4 cubits) = ODCO ta/i-la^n (fathom). 
 O&6g00DC hkoo-hna/i-downg (7 
 
 cubits, sometimes 8 cubits) = OOOQD iAh-i'^h. 
 
 OODOOGCDdS taAta^-htowng (1000) = OOo86taA-ding. 
 The c86 ling is very nearly two English miles. 
 Now the English measures are generally used and understood. 
 
 Measures of Capacity. 
 
 O OCOoS I tsa/j-leh - (i pint). 
 
 9 OCOcS 4 tsa/i-leh = O (^^S i pyd6 (half-gallon). 
 
 J (q^ 3 pyee = O OgjoS i tsM-ydot (i gallon). 
 
 J OQoS 2 tsa/i-yo6t = o OoS i tsayt (2 gallons). 
 
 J 8o5 3 tsayt = O Q I hkweh (half-bushel). 
 
 1^2 hkweh = O 0060 1 tinS (2 bushel baskets\ 
 
168 
 Square Measure. 
 
 The English acre (GoO ayka/i) is now the standard, but the Burmese 
 had what they called a cIoOOCokS gna/«S-dinS-jeh, or 'five basket sow', 
 which was also called oo5 peh and equalled 1200 square cubits or 
 1.75 acres. 
 
 Measures of Time. 
 
 English measures of time are prevalent, but the old unit was the ^Z>G\ 
 naA-yee, which was probably the Pali ^Do na/idee, or, ,^08 naMlee, 
 a measure of capacity used like an hour-glass or water-clock. These 
 vessels varied in shape, but the Burmese counted 60 to the 24 hours. 
 
 Formerly day and night were divided into four periods each, distin- 
 guished by beat of drum. The single beat, 00S)| oSooS ta/i-jet-teeS, was at 
 9 o'clock in the morning; the double beat, &Bo|o5o88 hna^-jet-teeS, at 
 la noon ; the o5o^oSo88 thS/inS-jet-teeS at 3 p. m. ; and CCOS^oSc^c 
 layS-jet-tee? at 6 p.m. 
 
 Amongst the country people time was calculated in various ways, such as 
 'first cockcrow \ ^oS^SOgJ kyet-ooS-do6n, about 2 a.m. (^C^|goT 
 kyeh-nee-baw, when the red star rises {vaornmg)', 33DQCt5oOo5 a^iyo/in-det, 
 dawn; CXj^G oSsS 5 08 o5 thM-gneh-ayk-sayt, cMrfrm's berf^me; COc§CO^ 
 S% loo-byo^-hleh-jayn, young man's courting time. SSDQCoS or more 
 correctly 33^CoS is the Pali GS^GODD Aruno, Aurora the dawn. 
 
 The expression OOoSSs^oOOCOBOjoS hta/iminS-d/iS-ta/i-lo/inS-jet, the 
 time it takes to boil a pot of rice, is often used to denote a short time, and 
 there are many others too numerous to mention. 
 
 P.O. 8. c 
 
U.C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES 
 
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