C. K. OGDEN THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES / X X OLD TIMES RE-VISITED IN IHE BOROUGH AND PARISH OF LYMINGTON, HANTS. d^lD Cimeis lae tiisiteti 33oi-ot(Sfj anti paii^f) OF. Itgmtitgton, fj^ant^. BY EDWARD KING. ^ecantt C?tfitt0iT, LONDON : SiMi'KiN, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd. LYMISGTON: Chas. T. King. 1 900. (All rights reserved.) prir)tKr)tt>lt^>Kr»>'^:<^ reface. CONNECTED with every locality in England there are numerous fadis, which, as being below the dignity of history, tend quickly to be forgotten ; though they become, in after years, snbjcds of great interest to the inhabitants. Without them the past is a mere blank ; but luhcn they are rc-called into existence by the medium of the press, bygone years and long-forgotten individuals start again into life and remembrance. The writer who has to search and recover these nearly effaced traces, labours under disadvantages, varying at different periods of life. In youth, experience and knowledge are wanting; in middle life, leisure time is generally deficient; and at a more advanced period, a lack of energy, both of mind and body, usually puts a peremptory stop to any continuous efforts. An attempt was made, as rsgards Lymington, in this way, by Mr. Charles St. Barbe, Banker, about 1848, who began some MS. colledions for the purpose. But he ivas far advanced in life ; and he had scarcely commenced, K'hen increasing infirmity, and death, arrested his labours. His rough manuscript transcripts were printed after his decease, in London; and the numerous errors which unavoidably accompanied such an immature effort were increased by blunders of the printer, either overlooked or left imcorredied by a friend who nominally superintended the impression, v The result was unsatisfactory : to none more so than to his own family. His sons accordingly, who knew my acquaintance with their late father and with the suhjedt, presented me with the woodcuts ; with a request that, if circumstances permitted, at a future time I would bring out a more complete and satisfactory edition of his [or a similar) zuork. The present little volume is a redemption of this promise ; for, after many years, a brief interval of comparative leisure has enabled me to undertake, what I have wished to perform from the time of my youth. 11 PREFACE. / must have been horn an antiquarian : for I can recoiled in early childhood making earnest enquiries about the recollections of aged relatives as to the stirring tivies of the French Revolution and the Foreign Emigres. By this early predilediott I have become the repository of many a curious fad long ago passed from the memory even of old living people, and of subjeds quite unheard-of by the present risitg generation. In many cases I might not now be able to re-call my authority, even to my own mind, but the reader may be sure I never assert anything that is jcithout foundation. My connedion with the Town Council has enabled me to go, in every case, to the original Books and Documents. I have never trusted to copies, nor even to Mr. St. Barbels luork, as a comparison will at once show. The Parish Books have also been most diligently explored {by the kindness of the Churchwardens) ; and I think there is nothing in the Totmi, bearing on the subjed, that has not been carefully laid under contribution towards my purpose. In a work of this kind there are two things to be carefully avoided. An author has to be careful on one hand not to omit entries which, though trifling in themselves, are {or may hereafter be) of great local interest ; and on the other, not to sink into the opposite extreme, and collect mere names and things of no importance whatever; in this ivay becoming a repository of nothings— a mere chronicle of small beer.^ In order to avoid this latter charge, I have, so far as possible, elucidated all names, dates, and fads, and embedded them in a running-text serving as commentary; thus rendering the various local occurrences samples of what was passing on the larger theatre of the County and the Kingdom. In this way I hope I have given life and interest to what, ivithout such explanation, would be, to the great majority of readers, of comparatively trifling or passing interest. A great Writer" of the present day has not disdained to colled, in some cf his chapters, the evanescent traits of several years, very much in the same spirit as my oimi attempt. These will, in my humble opinion, be read with curiosity, by future generations, long after his wild political extravagances are forgotten. In one of these chapters there is a paragraph tvhich completely expresses my own ideas on the subjed ; and I shall take the liberty of quoting it, both to explain what I have had in view, and to fortify those ideas {if it be necessary) by his authority : — "And this" says he " is all that is confusedly remembered about the year in 1"! pass over many otiier chapters, which inform us of parish aflairs only: such as the miccession of ctirates ; a list of the n-er-kly tRxtfi ; what puilms were chosen on proper occasions ; and what children were horn and hurit^cl ;" &c. — Memoir.i of P.P., Clerk ofi/iis Parish. (Swift). -Victor Hugo — Les Miserable-^, liv. 3, ch. i. Quatre-vinijt-Treize, ■p^nie 2, ch. i. PREFACE. Ill question — nozv entirely forgotten. History neglects such minute points ; and must necessanly do so ; otherwise it would be overwhelmed by the Infinite. Yet these details are useful, though they are wrongly called trivial. There are no trivial occurrences in human history, any more than there are trivial growths in vegetation. Of the occurrences of Years are formed the outlines of Ages." As to the Sketches which accompany the text, and I hope enliven it, perhaps I may be alloived to say a word or two. For several reasons it was found impossible to employ an artist [who would necessarily be a stranger from a distance, entirely unacquainted with the locality) to delineate subjects, several of ivhich have been long destroyed, and others of which the originals could not be borrowed or transmitted for copying. I have been obliged to rely on my own hand for their execution ; and as the work of an amateur advanced in life they will be judged as they deserve. They are merely pictorial memoranda, of things that could not be described by words. They make no pretence to fine execution or artistic taste, and will therefore, I hope, escape criticism. I take this opportunity of thanking my friends here {of all ranks) for their assistance, by information, or by the loan of documents, pictures, or sketches ; and I hope my efforts to perpetuate subjects very interesting to many, will be crowned by success. This satisfaction is all I hope for, for the expense of getting the book up is not likely to be met by any adequate pecuniary return. I think, however, it is not likely that my work will soon be superseded, for I have exhausted every source of local information open to me, bearing in any way on my native Town. EDWARD KING, Mayor. Lymington, October, iSjg. W^eface to ^ecowb g6ifton. / N rc-puhlishing " Old Times Re-visited" in a style more worthy of the Work and its Author, a fen> remarks may not he out of place. Had my father^ life been prolonged, a second edition would have appeared long since, for which purpose he had collected much valuable information. His copious notes and additions have been carefully inserted in the present Volume, together with much additional information to which he was unable to gain access. In other respects it has been my endeavour faithfully to follow; the first edition, being conscious of my inability to improve upon it in any way. The Illustrations have been considerably added to, ivhich it is hoped may tend to increase the value of the Work. I am indebted to W. J. C. Moens, Esq., F.S.A., of Tweed, for kind assistance and invaluable information, for K'hich I desire to tender my warmest thanks. Needless to say, it is a source of much gratification to myself to have been permitted to assist, even in so small a manner, in perpetuating the memory of one who, in leaving us so valuable a record of the past, has rendered such a signal service to his native Town. CHARLES THOMAS KING. Lymington. /an7iary, IQOO. [From Colonel Chester, the Anthoy of the "Registers of Westminster Ahhey^'''\. 124 SOUTHWARK PARK ROAD, LONDON, S.E. January 9TH, 1880. Bear Sir, I have just been reading, with the greatest interest, your Old Times Re-visited. / must congratulate you on the completion of a work which must have given you a great deal of pleasure in its coTYipilation. I regard my copy as a, valuable acquisition to my Library. If some one, equally competent, would do a similar work, in the same exhaustive manner, for every Town in the Kingdom, the National History would hereafter he very easy to write. Believe me. Faithfully yours, JOSEPH LEMUEL CHESTER. [^Colonel Chester died in May, 1882]. gonfcnfs. CHAPTEE I. Earliest Origin of the Town — Eoman Conquest — The Eings — a British Village — The Town and Borough : their Formation and early growth — The Burgess Oath .. .. .. . .. Page 1 Charter of Baldwin de Eedvers, Earl of Devon (1251) . . ,,229 Charter of Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon (1405) .. ,,230 Grant of a Fair to the Earl of Devon, (1256) . . . . ..228 Value of the Borough and Manor of Lymington (1225) .. ,. 228 Extracts from Inquisition Post Mortem on death of Baldwin delnsula. Earl of Devon (1262) . . . . . . ,,243 The Mayor's Oath to the Lord of the Manor (1690) . . ,,289 Portrait of the Author — Edward King . . . . Frontispiece. P/fli^— Map of Town, ahout i68o .. .. .. ,,3 CHAPTEE II. The Inhabitants of the Town — Beaulieu Abbey —French Conflagrations Page 6 Eating of the neighbourhood in 1334 .. .. ,, 224 Note on ditto .. .. .. . . ,, 226 Grants^of land in 1390— 1392— 1396, &c. .. .. ,,227 CHAPTEE III. History of a Meadow at Efford, from the Norman Conquest, till the present time . . . . ... . . . . . . Page 9 Original Deed . . page 10. Translation of ditto Note on the Name P/a^e— Plan of Damerosehay Plate— 0\A. Deed, Town Tokens, &c. „ 279 „ 300 „ 10 „ 12 Vlll CONTENTS. CHAPTEE IV. The Church iu pre-Eeformation times — Old Deed, for Masses at Lymington and Brock enhurst .. .. .. .. .. Page 16 Visitation of Lymington, under Bishop Gardiner, temp. Henry VIII ,, 225 Plate — The Chiirch, previous to 1800 .. .. .. ,,16 CHAPTEE V. Our first Town Hall — Its situation — Juliana Tevant's Gift— Earliest Notices — The Market Cross and Proclamations — The Stocks, Whipping-post, Pillory, and Cueking Stool — Public Wells — "La Fleschshambelles " -— The second Town HaU . . . . . . . . . . Page 21 Plate— The First and Second Town Hall Plate - Burgess Signatures 22 26 CHAPTEE VI. The first " Town Booke "—Early Entries— Town Dues and " Dewtys " —The Spanish Armada — Eobert Pamplyn, page to Queen Elizabeth — Burgesses and ■' Foreigners " — Tradesmen in 1606 — Town Brewer and Trade Eegulatious . . . . . . . . . . Page 28 Lymington Quay in 1565. . P/(7i«— Early Election Kecord {1620) „ 237 „ 46 CHAPTEE VII. Disturbed times under Charles I — Soldiers — Irish Cavalier Companies — "Eedsiianks" — The Parliamentarian Troops — Wretched state of the Town at the close of the Civil War . . . . . . . . Page 52 Charges on the Town, at that time Fines levied on Beaulieu (1644) Puritan Families in the Neighbourhood Order of the Puritan Committee The Winchester Classis . . Plate— Sketch of Gosport Street . . Plate — Parliamentary Return 1 640) „ 237 „ 238 „ 240 „ 241 „ 242 „ 54 ., 56 CONTENTS. IX CHAPTER VIII. The Restoration — Borough Rejoicings— The Plague — The Town Seal — Town Tokens — Building of the Church Tower and Reparation of the Church Fabric — Early Elections — Duke of Monmouth — The Quo Warranto under James II— Rejoicings at the Revolution in 1688 Page 62 „ 252 „ 254 ,, 68 Landowners at Lymington in 1666 . . The Country Gentleman of that period Plate— Old Houses in the High Street CHAPTER IX. Queen Anne's Accession — Customs Disi^utes — Petition to Parliament — The Hanoverian Arms — The third Town Hall — Oyster Fishery and Prices . . . . . . . . . . Page 88 CHAPTER X. Sketch of the Town ahout 1700 — The Country Gentleman — Drinking Habits — The little "Squire" — Travelling —The Grove — News Letters — Shopkeepers and Townsfolk . . . . . . . . . . Page 93 P/(i/<— Walhampton (i68o) .. .. .. . . „ 94 Plate— 1\i& Manor House, Woodside . . . . . . ,,96 CHAPTER XL Tlie Burgesses and Dominant Families — The Mace— New Town Book and its entries — Parliamentary Petitions — The Burgesses' rights confirmed Page 102 Ptot— The Third Town Hall .. .. .. ,. „ 105 P/(7/s— PyleweU (1700) .. .. .. - .. ,,160 CHAPTER XII. Sir Robert Smyth and Parish matters — The Bridge and its Law-suit--The Great Frost — Old Ballad about the Salt Manufacture — Charles Colborne, Esq. — The Hoax of the Groaning Tree — Royal Princes elected Burgesses — Coarse Manners — Southampton Corporation — Value of Money — Convivial Habits — The " Free and Easy " Club — Visits of King George III and the Royal Family .. .. .. .. .. Page 109 Residences around Lymington in 1790 .. .. ,, 256 Plate — Interior of Salt Works .. .. .. ,, IH P/a^«— House and Shop in High Street .. .. .. ,> 1^0 X CONTENTS. CHAPTER XIII. The Quiberon Expedition : Eoyalist Refugees — The French Troops : Officers and their Corps — Their death in France — Lymington as a Depot — The German Troops — Tombstones in our churchyard — Militia Corps — The old Barracks .. .. .. .. .. Page 138 Notes on the Quiberon Leaders: De Puisaye, Count d' Hector, De Soulange, &c. — Extracts from Old Documents . . ,, 244 Regiments quartered here (1756 to 1814) .. .. „ 248 Description of some of the French Agents, from the " Loyal Emigrants," &c. .. .. .. ,,248 Foreign Emigres and Soldiers (1784 to 1814) .. .. ,,280 CHAPTER XIV. Our Parliamentary History : Origin of the Borough — Predominant Families : the Burrards, Kelleways, Powletts, &c. — The Burgesses and the Mayor — Early political struggles — Final victorj' — Sir Harrj' Burrard (1st Bart.) — Gibbon — Reform Bills: past, present, and future .. .. Page 150 Plate — Sir Harry Burrard, Bart. . . . . . . ,, 158 CHAPTER XV. The Salt Manufacture : Salterns — Old Proprietors — Quantity manufactured — Government Duties . . . . . . . . Page 163 Saltern Deed (1653).. .. .. .. .. ,, 243 CHAPTER XVI. The Modern Town : Present Municipal Boundaries — High Street — The Environs — The Solent — The New Forest — Agreeable Neighbourhood — The Church and Dissent — Healthy population, and the general advantages of the Locality. .. .. .. .. .. Page 1G9 Registrar General's Report (1878) .. .. .. ,,270 P/rt/«— View of Lymington High Street (1832) .. .. ,,169 Pto/«— Grave Slab and Bulla .. .. .. .. ,,172 APPENDIX. Yarmouth Extracts: The Town Books— The Court Leet—Escerpta from old Records— The Leigh Family — Yarmouth and Lymington Barfields Page 197 Cost of Lj'mington Barfields at various periods . . . . ,, 243 CONTENTS. XI List of our Members of Parliament Ma3-ors of the Borough The Burgesses (till 1835) Extracts from Ijj'mington Court Eolls Lord Howe's Victory (from Angelo's Memoirs) Eowlandson's Tour to Wreck of " Eoyal George " (1782) Note on " Vicarius " . . Miscellaneous Entries, from the Registers . . Brief for collecting Alms at Boldre Duel at Ljmington . . Suger, Abbot of St. Denis (1140), Extract from Will of Will uf Samuel Baldwyn " Rotten " and " Close " Boroughs Briefs read in Weild Church, Hampshire Commissioners' Report (1835) Explanation of the Plates The Trenchard Family The Guidott Family . . The Roman Catholic Families The Burrard Family The Fullertou Family Plate— Inn yard of " The Angel "(1782) Plate — Old Head Stones in Churchyard Page 177 183 187 210 256 258 263 264 270 273 278 286 287 288 290 300 234 234 262 271 277 260 276 «©llf Zimt^ 9Rr-tofgitttr. ^ EARLIEST ORIGIN OF THE TOWN — ROMAN CONQUEST — THE BRITISH VILLAGE — THE TOWN — THE BOROUGH : ITS FORMATION AND EARLY ORIGIN. UR title permits us to ascend to the earliest ages ; if not for the history, at least for the original of our town. For this purpose we will ask the reader to go back with us about eighteen hundred years, when Claudius was reigning at Rome. His general Vespasian (afterwards emperor) then made the conquest of Britain. After various fierce combats on the Kentish coast, he succeeded in reducing the Isle of Wight ; and then, penetrating from thence into the West of England, he captured a number of British fortresses: amongst others, a famous stronghold, known then, and long after, as Pensauelcoit, a place since conclusively identified with Penselwood, near Stourhead, between Dorsetshire and Wiltshire. When the Roman Army left the Island to proceed on this expedition, it must have crossed at the western end, somewhere about the modern Yarmouth ; as, from the nature of the locality that part is and always must have been the place most suituble for such a purpose. He landed, as historians inform us, at a place known as the Alaunian Wood ( Alauna Sylva)* and then marched westward. If we could trust to the doubtful * Or " at the mouth of the liver Alainus." There cannot be much doubt but that this was the river or creek of Limtnton. 2 THE ALAUNIAN WOOD. assistance of etymology, this Wood would seem to be the same as Lyndhurst,f the only difficulty being that Lyndhurst is inland. The best modern geographers are of opinion that this Alaunian Wood covered all the country, in the south of what is now the New Forest, down to the marshy seacoast, where Woodside (in the environs of Lymington) still remains as a silent testimony to this long-obliterated Forest. All this vast wooded tradt formed the legendary country of Loegres, where, according to Milton, were ' ' airy voices heard in Forest wide, By knights of Logres or of Lyonnesse,J Lancelot, or Caradoc, or Caradore." On the south edge of this wild Forest, by the convenient creek (then an estuary) opposite Vespasian's place of transit, was a large British earth work or fortress (now known as The Rings); one of the numerous strongholds which then fell before the Roman army. The vicftorious general, after reducing this place, would seem to have passed westward, by Sway and Downton Commons, where numerous tumuli and uniform traditions § attest old battles and slaughter. Hence he would cross the Avon by the easy fords about Ringwood, from whence the whole of the West lay open before him. A dim and doubtful interval of a thousand years has elapsed when we again visit the spot. The site is desolate and silent, as it is now : an open plateau, girded with its turfy ramparts. We look southwards towards the Island ; and on the slope of the hill that lies in front near the mouth of the estuary, we discern a little cluster or aggregation of huts and houses, by the waterside, in which the population or their descendants have settled themselves. This is our first glimpse of Lymington. In 1150 the feudal system was in full force. All the Isle of Wight, the south of Hampshire and Devonshire, and part of Somerset, had fallen, at the Conquest, to the great family of t " Laund," an open forest glade. " Hurst," a wood. I The Lyonnesse (off the Devon and Cornish coast) hcs been submerged ages ago. § Latchmoor — the moor of carcasses. THE CHARTER. 3 De Redvers, who were the lords of the soil, and of the inhabitants as well ; for everything was the property of the lord that was within his manor ; the soil, the wild animals, the herbage, and the serfs who inhabited the domain. Magna Charta was not for them : they might be plundered or chastised at pleasure, so long as life or limb were not endangered. — " Le Seigneur pent derober, piller, et chatrer son vilain a sa volont6 sauf qu'il ne pent lui mutiler." By degrees, and from various motives, fear, or kindness, or indebtedness, or mutual interest, the seigneur, both in England and on the Continent, found it necessary or advisable to grant local exemptions from servitudes. In England they became the Borough ; in France, the Commune. "The Commune (new and detestable word!) exists, where all the people are free from the arbitrary exactions of their lord ; and where their taxes are paid only by the year, instead of the [ constant ] debt which servitude demands ; and where, if they commit any fault, they only pay according to a fixed scale. As to other dues or impositions, they are free." The person who writes in this aggrieved tone was an ecclesiastic, and a man of piety and education (Guibert de Nogent, a.d. 1100). But he was a cadet of a noble family ; and he betrays the gentleman rather than the priest, in the above opinion. The lord granted, that within a certain specified boundary of his domain everything should be free from his own arbitrary power; and that it should be transferred to the governing body of the inhabitants themselves for the future. His writing, or charter, specified the terms of the compact, and the price paid or rent reserved to his heirs for the favour. Such was the origin of our charter. The town was in an outlying corner, not easily defended by its lord, and continually exposed to the ravages of the French. In granting the burgesses their freedom, he imposed on them the onerous duty of their own defence : no slight task in those troublous times. Our oldest borough was founded about 1150, by Baldwin de Redvers, second Earl of Devon. It comprised the lower part of the town, about the quay. The other part, comprising the High Street, was an extension (about a.d. 1250) re-granted in 1404, by the successor of Baldwin de Redvers, Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon. 4: THE OLD BOEOFGH. These latter boundaries it still retains ; and no alteration has ever been made by the Crown ; Lymington being one of the very few towns in England which had received a charter from their feudal lord, and from him alone.* In 1578 a Quo Warranto was issued against the burgesses, to show cause in the Exchequer as to these rights. Their plea was to the effect that " they have always enjoyed within the said borough total freedom from toll ; and that they have all the right (consuetudines) that free burgesses ought to have in the land and possessions which belonged formerly to Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Albemarle and Devon, and Lady of the Isle of Wight, and afterwards to Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, within the dominions of our Lady the Queen. . . . And they claim to be free from all Shire or Hundred Courts. And they say that long before the present information their lords were seised of the said borough in their demesne as of fee, and of all the liberties and franchises thereof, de facto and de jure. . . . And that the said Edward, Earl of Devon, ( he being so seised ) did, on the feast of St. Thomas the Apostle, in the sixth year of the reign of King Henry IV, by Indenture under his seal [which the said Mayor and Burgesses then produced] grant to the said Mayor and Burgesses all the Tolls and Customs of the aforesaid borough, and also those of the borough which Baldwin de Redvers [sixth Earl, 1250] made, as far as the north and west side of the Church of Lymington, rendering to the said Edward, Earl of Devon, 30s. at two terms, Easter and Michaelmas. And the said Mayor and Burgesses claim to hold the Quay, at the lower part of the said borough, with tollage and stallage thereon, and anchorage and keelage of all ships and boats. And to hold a Fair, on the festival of St. Matthew the Apostle, in the High Street [in summo vico], with pickage and stallage, &c. They also claim, from a time whereto the memory of man runneth not,f to hold another Fair in the High Street, on the festival of the Apostles St. Philip and St. JamesJ; and [* By a Provisional Order, dated glh November, 1889, the Borough boundary was extended, and now embraces the whole of the parish.] tThat is, the time of legal memory— tlie beginning of the reign of Richard I. (a.d. 1189. ) J The two fairs are still existing (though in the last stage of decay), on May 12 — 13, and October 2 — 3. The difference of eleven days is caused by the Change of Style. They were originally of considerable importance, as will after appear. THE BURGESS OATH. 5 no one to be free from tolls, except he is a burgess or the son of a burgess," &c., &c. The town, under its new charter, was governed by a Mayor and the Burgesses, which latter body at first comprised all the resident householders, who paid their share of the town expenses (scot), and took their turn in warding and watching it (lot) ; qualifications which formed the scot and lot voter of a later period. They stood in place of the feudal lord, who had conveyed the soil, river, and the quay, with all rights and privileges, to them, instead of himself. Their power and that of the Mayor or head-burgess was much greater than at present : examples of which will be seen in the course of this work. They could imprison pretty much at pleasure, for there was no public opinion to check them ; and they levied tolls and dues by their own order, acts of parliament being as yet unheard of in these matters. The Burgess Oath appended shows what were considered his rights and his duties. In substance it was probably nearly identical at all times ; but the language here given is of a later period (about 1600). 3rftr astirgi^ cDatlt. foil stall be true to our Soveraigne Lord the Kinge's Maitie, his lieires and Successors. The ffrancliises, privilidges, and liberties of this Towne, with all yor power, witt, and wisdom, you shall maintaine and defend, as a true and faithful Burgis ought to doe. The lawfull councill of this Towne you shall truly keepe, and nothing disclose to any forryner or stranger, whereby any hinderaunce ma}' happen to this Towne. You shall not willingly absent yorself from the assemblie of the Mayor and Burgisses uppon reasonable warning. All lawfull constitutions, orders, and decrees, heretofore made, or hereafter to be made, by the Maior and Burgisses of this Towne you shall well and truly keepe, observe, and obey, as a Burgis ought to doe. You shalbe no partner to noe forryner or stranger, nor Celler any man's goodes, whereby the benefitt of this Towne or any Towne duties, may be loste or be by any meanes hindered. You shall not conceale any Iniuries or wronge offered or pretended, to yor knowledg, to the estate of this Towne. But 3'ou shall give knowledg thereof to the Mayor and his Bretheren. And in all other things concerning the dutie of a Burgis and a good Townsman you shall well and trulie hehaue yor self. Soe help you God. Chapter ii. A.D. 13I9. I2TH EDWARD II. HITHERTO we have seen only the Town : with its Mayor, its markets, and its fairs ; all established from time immemorial. Now we slip over another dim interval of two centuries, and the Inhabitants begin to appear before us. The Convent of Beaulieu (founded about a century before) has a complaint against the Borough, on account of certain tolls levied on them by the burgesses. It is settled after going into court, in a friendly way, by an Agreement, which provides that, in consideration of the burgage tenement possessed by the Convent within the borough, they shall be free, in future, to buy and sell free of toll : and, on the other hand, the Abbot and his vassels are bound to come in, from Sowley and Norley, as often as occasion arises, to help to defend the town, on any emergency ; a duty which was, in those times, much more real than we can conceive at present. When the beacons were blazing on the high downs of the Island and on Passford Hill, every country-man was obliged to meet, in haste, to defend the town (and thereby themselves) with the inhabitants, against the French ravages. They were many times called on in the course of years. The Abbot and monks affix the convent seal ; and the burgesses affix their town seal. They are — William Lyteltone, propositus or mayor ; Hugh, the son of Robert Thomas : Robert Le Byrd ; Thomas atte Gardyn ; Henry le Chaundeler ; and John Robert. The witnesses are — Henry de Welles ; Nicholas of Canterton; Geoffrey Scurlag; Andrew de Canterton ; John Aygnel; John de Langebrigge ; and many others. From this document we may get an interesting idea of the town more than five centuries ago. We see the convent using it as their port and market; the fairs for provisions and wares; FRENCH INCURSIONS. 7 and the harbour for foreign commodities. Their tenement referred to was doubtless a strip of land near the quay, where they had stores. It was formerly by the roadside ; but is now hidden by houses, built in recent times, on the waste frontage. It still belongs to the noble owner of Beaulieu Manor. The Deed itself is signed at Lementon, on the Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in the 12th year of the reign of King Edward, the son of King Edward. The Abbot must have ridden over, himself, to meet the Mayor and townsmen on the occasion. There was then no means of passing the river so low as the borough ; and he must have come down through Pille\', and crossed the river at Shallow, with his attendant monks ; where he would doubtless be welcomed and escorted honorably to the town. The first witnesses are most probably the Prior and another monastic official. Then comes the Mayor of the preceding year ; and some other monks follow. Two of the latter may be noticed as natives of Canterton, near Lyndhurst. Lange- brigge is most likely Langley or Rumbridge ; both near Beaulieu. " Many others " would be the numerous townsfolk present, who always, in those days, witnessed the execution of public documents. No traces of buildings of this era remain, to attract the eye of the antiquarian. Our little town has been too often harried, sacked, and burnt, to leave any such remains. Three times it has been entirely destroyed by the French, within historic period ; and what more it has suffered, from partial inroads, must be left to conjecture. During the French wars of the Edwards and Henries, repeated incursions were made into the Isle of Wight. The opposite coast was always ravaged and plundered ; but of these ordinary events of war no record has been preserved. One great incursion took place in 1338, and another in 13/0, under the feeble reign of Richard II. The Island was entirely held by the French, except Carisbrooke Castle. They destroyed Ports- mouth, and then, passing westward, as was always done, burnt Newtown, Yarmouth, Lymington, and all on the coast. " Et postea intrarunt insulam Vectum, . ... et redierunt ad mare, et continue circumieruntj per maritima loca Anglise, comburantes et vastantes loca plurima, et maxime in partibus australibus," &c. 8 KATHERINE OF ARRAGON. The last time it was so destroyed, was in 1545, when Francis I made a great effort to get possession of the channel. A vast fleet, under Claude d'Annebaut, sailed into the Solent, landed on the Island, entered the harbour at Portsmouth, and sunk the Mary Rose, in the port itself As they could not provoke the English to a general engagement, they passed through the Solent, burned all the villages and farms along the coast ; and finally retired with their booty. Since that period, though several schemes have, at various times, come to the knowledge of our government, no hostile landing has taken place here ; nor has there been any call for the inhabitants to assemble " Those pyrats to put backe that oft purloine their trade, Or Spainiards or the French, attempting to invade." In the reign of Henry VIII. considerable property, in and about the borough, was assigned as part of the dower of Queen Katherine of Arragon. There was a tenement in Gosport Street (then so called, as now), and another on the north side of the High Street. Each probably comprised several houses ; but their exact locality has not been preserved. Another part was a field, still known as " Flushard's," at the south-eastern end of the town. A few years after, in 1552, King Edward VI, then languishing under his last sickness, made a progress through the southern part of the kingdom, for the recovery of his health. He came in the summer to Portsmouth, thence to Southampton, and so on to Beaulieu (or Bewley). Thence he went on to Christchurch, passing through, or by, Lymington on his way ; but the poor town was a mere ruin at the time, and unable to receive or entertain the young King, who was attended by a numerous retinue. ^ Chapter hi. IT has been remarked, by an eminent author, that the history of a town or a family, if it could be corre(5tly written, would be as interesting as the history of an empire. The observation is just, since the picture of human life is the same in both cases ; though one is represented on a larger and more elevated stage than the other. But the great difficulty of properly depicfting the features of a town, an estate, or a family, arises from the deficiency of fa(5ts ; for what is scarcely preserved in the greater, is totally unnoticed or speedily forgotten in the lesser case. We have, however, in the present instance, a curious and probably unique chain of facfts wherewith we can reach over a long and dark period of about five hundred years ; which will serve to revive forgotton names of places, and to bring before us, as living beings, individuals of importance in their day ; but who, except as retained on a few dusty parchments, have for centuries entirely vanished. It is not the history of a village or a family : it is the history of a quiet little out-of-the-way meadow, which has nothing to distinguish it, in outward appearance, from the unnoticed fields around it. We are in the 40th year of the reign of King Edward III. (a.d. 1365) a few years after the battle of Poicftiers, and in the time of the Black Prince. Life at Lymington, and round about, goes on much as usual ; and among the every-day occurrences, a country gentleman sells a field at Efford, to a neighbour or friend. Here is the deed, as it has been laboriously picked out from a faded and half-obliterated writing, miserably spelt, and in the vulgar Latin of some country clerk. Yet the sense can be discerned sufficiently for our purpose. Sir William Spileman, Knight,* lord of the manor of Efford, * Sir Henry Spelman, the antiquary, was a descendant. The family held possessions here ; and at Brokenhiust, in the neighbourhood. 10 BAMEROSEHAY. near Lj-mington, disposes of a meadow there, called Bamerosehay. Its description and site are mentioned ; and we shall give them, first, in the Latin ; afterwards, in English (p. 279 )• Close on this deed is written, in a wretched scrawl, what, in modern terms, would be called a Warrant of Attorney, from one Juliana Bouedowne, the then possessor ; and after follows a genealogical statement of the way in which she became owner of the meadow. Mistress Juliana is made to speak of her seal ; but she only signs by a cross. The local designations of the witnesses are worthy of notice, for surnames were rare, and had not yet come into general use among the commonalty. Cftr Beets, ^\ GIANT presentes ac f utiiri, quod ego "WiU'mus Spileman, miles, dedi, concessi, W) et liac presenti carta mea confirmavi, pro me et heredibus meis, Will'mo Sanedon,* illam croftam quam vocant Damcrosehay, cum omnibus suis per- tinenciis, in Ebforde. Et jaeet dicta erofta juxta la Piisshny, a parte boreali, et terram Tliomte de Wattliesley a parte australi ; et extendit se in longitudine versus orientem super aquam de Ebford, et versus occidentem super stratam quEe venit de Wenefford, versus Bekton Waschod.f Habendum et tenendum dictam croftam cum suis portinenciis, &c. &c., reddendo inde annuatim milii et beredibus meis, quindecim denarios, &c. In cujus rei testmonium base presenta scripta sigilli mei impressione roboravi, His testibus, Jobanne de Wynford, Henrico de Harnwod, Eogero de Downelande, WiU'mo de Kybavene, "Will'mo de Gorlyngton, Johanne de Douneton, et aUis. Cfte OTari-aitt erf iLibrrp. Pateat universis per presentes, me Julia: m Bouedowne de Beckton, fecisse, ordinasse, et in loco meo posuisse, dilectos mibi in Christo, Will'mum Sclield, Johannem Wilsbyre, et WiU'm. Elere, ut possessionem et seisinam darent ad Johannam fibam PbiUippi Scbeld, et Pbem filiam eidem Jobannfe, in ilia erofta voeata Dnmerosehay, cum omnibus suis pertinenciis, in Ebforde, &c. In cujus rei testimonium, buic presenti scripto sigiUum meum apposui. X {only a cross). Eire (gnTfaliffst)' "Will'mus de Bouedowne habuit ij fibas et j fiUum de ancilla, et j fibum de * Now Sandy Down. I Dropped in all subsequent deeds, as being unintelligible. " High-road" was perhaps meant. In the old writing it is not unlike those letters. % i , / ,i,-y 2-"'-'' -■'-ot^^J) 5:erra. rf|om« ^e ®a±tti^fl^i/. •jZ i }t , Stot,* et aliis. Datum apud Bekton, die Mercurii [Wedntsday] post Hockday,t anno regni Edwardi, tertii a conquestu, quadragesimo. The next document relating to the field, carries us to the reign of Henry IV, (a.d. 1404) the time of Douglas and Hotspur, and the battle of Shrewsbury and Jack Falstaff. Our meadow is in the hands of Richard Trenchard, of Hordle, who writes thus: I^NOW all men by these presents, that I, Richard Trenchard, of HordhuUe, have given, granted, &c., to John Mody, of Lemyngton, and Agnes his ■wife, D(i;«ir;'05f /my, -with its appurtenances, &c. Witnesses: Thomas Colj-ngton, John Jardj'h, Eobert Stot, John Pepwhyt, Eoger Swayn, and others. Done at Hordhulle, on the Saturday after the festival of St. Ambrose, bishop and confessor ; in the 6th year of King Henry, the Fourth after the conquest of England.! The year following (1405) John Mody and his wife grant it to one John Holme or Holmes, by this deed : jfniHIS Indenture witnesseth, that John Mody and Agnes his wife, have ^ gi'anted, &c., the croft, &c. called Bouedowne Croft, lying in Ebforde, .... ... .to .John Holm, &c., at a rent of 4s. annually. Witnesses : Henry Patrich, Richard Trenchard, John Pipe, (bailifi of Lemyngton), Robert Stot, William BayUf, find others. Done at Ebforde, die Martis in festo Sti. Michaelis archangeli ; anno regni regis Henrici, quarti post conquestum, septimo. ITo this time the meadow has gone by the name of its former *A11 named from places in the neighbourhood : Wainsford, Arnewood, Downlands, Keyhaven, Gordleton, Downton, Everton, Fernhill, &c. Stole is still a common name about Etibrd and Everton. f Hocklide was the 15th and i6th day after Easter (Quindena Paschas). Tuesday was the principal day, and called Hock-day. It was a time of great joviality, of which this deed (after five centuries) is a witness ; for anyone who sees the original, must, I feel certain, come to the same conclusion as myself, viz., that the writer was in a state of intoxication when he penned the last two parts. I have spent hours over the scrawl (stullus labor ineptiarum ! ) ; but I believe I have at last got what was intended ; although many words are past recovery. X AH these deeds are in Latin ; but I translate them for the convenience of the reader. 12 HOLMES MEAD. owner, Boiiedowne's Crofts ; hereafter, for the next four centuries, it will keep the name of Holmes' Mead, from its new owners. Five years after (in 1410) comes another change ; and the meadow appears in the possession of a priest, one John Nappe, who seems to have had it, after all, on the death of old Juliana Bouedowne, according to his own declaration, which is as follows: fNOW all men, fcoth present and future, that I, John Nappe (chaplain) have given, &c., to John Holme and Agnes his wife, a certain croft, called Damerosehay. which I had by the gift of Juliana Bouedowne, daughter and heiress of William Bouedowne as in a certain deed by Sir WiUiam Spileman, Kt., does fully appear [see p. 10 ]■ Witnesses: William Drew, Wilham Dynley, Thomas Colyngton, Robert Gyst, John Medemowere, Eichard Maukrde, and many others. Done at Ebforde, on Friday after the feast of St. Barnabas, in the twelfth year of the reign of King Henry, the fourth after the Conquest. Two years pass, and John Holme and his wife convey the field (in 1412) to a number of owners, some of whom appear to be in holy orders. MNOW all men &c. that we, John Holme and Agnes my wife, have given, &c. to Dom. Eichard Eborum,* John Pooley, Thomas Emmery, John Parett, William Byngham, and Eobert Gust, the croft called Damerosehay, &c. which I had by the gift of John Nappe (chaplain), &c. &c. Witnesses : William Drew, Gilbert Dynley, John Elde, John Medemowere, Eobert Maulard, John Shepyrde, Walter Brygge, and others. Done at Ebforde, on the fourth day of the month of October, in the fourteenth year of the reign of King Henry, the fourth after the conquest. In the hands of these clerical owners, the field seems to have remained for half-a-century, at the expiration of which period it appears again before us. It is the beginning of the reign of Edward IV, just after the battle of Towton had been fought between the Yorkists and Lancastrians. The meadow now belongs to one John Bowne, a priest, the chaplain of Lymington Church, and vicarius or deputy there, from the great Priory of Christchurch : probably a monk of that religious house. His deed describes the land fully; * (( ' DowiniK Ricardo Eboram, &c." The appellation Dominus, (afterwards shortened into "Dom,") was the equivalent of our "Rev." In its translated form, "Sir," it appears in our early dramatists. ".SiV Hugh Evans, a Welsh parson," is one of the characters in 'J'he Mcn-y Wives of Wiiid-'^or. ^ "nt-i -^171^ ;^?'s s •CO O O ^''W' OLD DEED. 13 and we here translate it into English. It may be noted that the town is called Neiv Lymington, the reason of which we have gi\-en in the preceding pages. 1|^'N0W all men, both present and future, that wo, John Bowne (chaplain), 1^ Thomas Sliafte, and Stejihen Veel, have given and granted, and by this present writing do confirm, to John Pedder and John Geyllis, of New Lymington, in the county of Southampton, a Meadow called Bouedoivnes Crofte, containing four acres of land within the manor of Ebford. The said meadow adjoins La Pursshay on the north side, and the land of Thomas de Watthesley on the south ; and extends in length eastward to the stream of Ebford aforesaid • and towards the west, to the road which comes from "Wenford. To have and to hold the said meadow, with its appurtenances, to the said John Pedder and John Geyllis, for the term of their lives ; to hold of the said manor in fee with the suit and service due according to law. And when it shall so happen that the said John Pedder and John Geyllis (or one of them) shall die, "We give and grant the said croft to John Quicke, now mayor of Lymington aforesaid ; and to all and singular the Burgesses of Lymington and their successors. On the Condition that they do distribute 5s. yearly to the poor of the said town, according to their judgment, &c. Witnesses: Eobert Oglander, William ClaveU, John Redinge, WiUiam AViltesley, John AVhese, and many others. Done at Lemington, on the sixth day of February, in the fourth year of King Edward, the fourth after the Conquest. The document which follows is an appendage or completion of the one above, and re-grants the lands to John Geyllis for his lifetime. The deed is on a small piece of parchment, lOin. by 4in., beautifully written ; and is a model of compendious perspicuity, which many persons might think desirable to be imitated at the present time. Its date is 1478.* all the faithful in Christ, to whom this writing sliall come : John Bowne (vicarius) of Christ's Church at Twyueham, Greeting in the Eternal God. Wfiereas I, the aforesaid John Bowne, Thomas Shafte, and Stephen Veel, mj- joint feoffees, (now dead), lately gave, granted, and by our deed did confirm, to John Pedder (now dead), and John Geyllis (stiU surviving) a certain croft called Bouedownes Croft, otherwise Damerosehay, &c. &c. To have and to hold to the said John Pedder and John Geyllis, for the term of their lives, as in the said our writing then made to them does more fully apjiear. Now Kuow Ye * From the Town Book, No. 2, it would appear to us that there was another deed of the SAiiie tenor as this, with a proviso for masses to be said in Lymington Church for the souls of the donors. It is now missing. 14 ALTERATION OF NAME that I, the aforesaid John Bowiie, have remitted, yielded up, and entirely quit- claimed as to me and my heirs whatsoever, to the said John Geyllis, all my right, title, and claim, which ever I had, now have, or may in future in any manner have, of and concerning the said croft, with all its appurtenances ; so that neither I the said John Bowne, nor my heirs, nor any other person throuo-h us, or in our name, shall be able to set up or maintain, in the future, any right, title, claim, or demand, on the said croft. And in particular, from all action of law, and title thence arising, we are totally excluded for ever, by these presents. In testimony whereof I have appended my seal to this writing, ia the presence of these witnesses: Cristofer Wode, John ColgUl, Eobert Imberley, and others. Done at Christchurch aforesaid, on the twenty-second day of the month of October, in the nineteenth year of King Edward the fourth. In course of time, the life and the tenure of John Geyllis expired together; and the croft came to the Mayor and Burgesses of Lymington. In their possession it remained for over three- hundred years ; and the old illegible deeds remained, unthought-of and unread, in the Town Chest. The field was generally let to the owner of Efford (once a manor, then a farm), at what was termed "the olde and auncient rente" of 17s. per annum; and the 5s. was duly distributed to the poor, "pro visu et discrecione,' according to the terms of the bequest, until 1688, when better arrangements for the rehef of the poor led to its discontinuance. The rent was raised (about the close of the 17th century) to £5 10s. Od. per annum; and a fine at each renewal added con- siderably to the funds of the Corporation.* Entries respecting Holmes' Mead will be f^und continuously in the books, from the first page extant (1581), down to the early years of the 19th century ; when the owner of Efford, (Col. Shedden), obtained the consent of the Burgesses to an exchange for a field at Pennington; and it was accordingly conveyed to him. The old deeds remained unnoticed in their repository (being indeed useless, except to the antiquary); and so far our interest in the meadow ceases. Our mead still remains, after all these years, under the modern and unromantic appellation of Corporation. The stream flows by * Decimo-nono die Junij, Anno Dni. 1620. Mem :DM. Yl is concluded and agreed uppon, the day and yere aboue written, by the Mayor and Burcisses of the Borroughe aforesaid, whose names are here-under written : That Hohnes Mede shalTbe demised and gr.aunted for tlie term of fowerscore and nyneteene yeres, if three hves shall happen to live soe longe, (reservinge the old Rent, being xvij.s. per Ann. ) unto such p'son or p'sons as will give most for the same. Or for three lives absolute, or for xxj yeres. And the uttermost to be know en witliin the space of tenne daies next ensuinge the date hereof. And the estate to be made by the said Mayor and eight of the said Burgesses. (It fetched £z^—ttrm not stated. In 16S3 the fine of ;^ioo wasjmid; and in idZ^i £^0). OLD EPIGRAM. 15 its eastern side as of yore ; but the road from Wainsford is only a private occupation road through the Efford estate. The meadow to the north {La Punshay) still goes by the similar name of Peasehaii; and that to the south, which five centuries ago was the land of Thomas de Watthedcij, shows the cognate though corrupted form of Matthelovgs. The boundaries have been partly removed within the last few years ; and to perpetuate the long- obliterated name of Bamerosehuy, I am tempted to give a little sketch of its position. f We may well apply to it the lines of a very old Greek epigram ; which, written many centuries before Efford was thought of, will be equally applicable to every field or estate, ages after it is forgotten. — I, wlioiii j-oii see begirt by leafy oaks, Was once the bappy lieritage of Nokes ; But on bis vows success iio longer smiles, So I've become tbe projierty of Styles. My earliest owner called me by bis name, My latest owner fondly does the same; Though I (alike unworthj' of tlieir cares), Pass quick to captors, purchasers, or heirs. Henceforth no master's name shall be my sign, For, changeful Fortune ; I am only thine. ■f Ordnance Survey, Parish of Milford, No. 477. 16 I Chapter iv. N tracing the civil history of every town, we are naturally led to the fabric of the church, which is generally the most prominent objert : and which in our case is the only building that can lay any claim to antiquity. Our Parish Church, dedicated to St. Thomas of Hei'eford, clearly shows the style of a late period of Gothic architefture. Its builder was Hugh Courtenay, 8th earl of Devon, who married in 1325, the daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford ; and her regard for their family saint (who had just then received the honours of canonization) most probably induced her husband to make the selection. The chancel end and the north transept is all that remains of the original fabric. The east window is an exadt copy of the old one ; but the stained glass in it is a modern insertion. The building was originally an exacft Latin cross, to which a mortuary chapel was added in the north-eastern corner' Here, under an immense grey slab, originally inlaid with a brass figure and armorial shields at the corners, laid the remains of some of the branches of the Courtenaj- stock ; but their names are unknown, the brasses having been stripped away. Till the end of the 18th century this chapel was separated from the church b\- a carved oak railing : then it was thrown into the general area ■of the building, as it remains at present. Time, and neglecft, and wanton devastation, have wrought their effed;s on the church as on the town itself. It was gutted during the civil wars, when the Puritan soldiers occupied it, and ered;ed some kind of fortification or block house at the eastern end, in the churchyard, to command the town. Notices of these times will be found in the course of our work. In 1662, on the Restoration, the place was in a sad state, the fences destroyed, the fabric desecrated, and everything in ruin. The inhabitants however set to work ; repaired the me •'M'k;, '''*^*«liil IL'LTl!nKf«©lf (DMHi THE PARISH CHURCH. 17 damages in the style of their era ; and built up the tower, pulling- down the south transept for that purpose. The oldest monuments were destroyed or removed ; the grave-stones, with crosses, &c. were broken up, or used as floor slabs, or buried under the surface. Here several (of very early date, earlier than the present church) were discovered on the repewing of the building in 1873. A few were left undisturbed in front of the modern communion table : one of a priest, who had no doubt often served at the altar which he lay facing in death. All the brasses of this, as well as of the others, had long ago vanished ; but an inscription IfntJ anftcJi QaUowsnttigf, preserved some slight record down to our time. The altar at which he stood had been desecrated, removed, and destroyed ; but the piscina still remains in the south wall of the chancel, as it did in the old catholic times. Such was, and is, the church ; but who can bring back to us the people who frequented it ? Who can paint them and their priests — their lives, their deaths, their religious services ? They are utterly lost ; only to be replaced by fiiftion or the fancies of the novelist. Yet, by a singular chance, we are enabled to give a glimpse (slight, though authentic) of the period just before the Reformation : in the following manner. In 1524, when King Henry VIII was young — in the time of Cardinal Wolsey and Erasmus — an old lady died at Wimborne. Who she was by birth is unknown ; and why she so particularly affected Lymington and Brokenhurst, is equally lost. She, how- ever, seems to have been particularly desirous of being com- memorated in the churches of each place ; and as her last wishes are detailed and elaborate, and show to us the religious ideas of the sixteenth century, we give them in full, translated, as usual, for the convenience of the reader. all the faitiiful in Christ, to whom this Indenture shall come, Tristram Ffauntleroy, Bartholomew Husee, .John Canterton, John Sutton, and John Grey, greeting. Whereas we, the aforesaid persons, have been enfeoffed. 18 THE BEDESMAN. together with Henry Ashley, of Up-Wimhorne St. Giles, in the county of Dorset, gentleman, by Egidia Walwyn, widow of Thomas Walwyn, and daughter and heiress of Thomas Alwin, in all her messuages, &c. in the counties of Surrey, Sussex, and Southampton, as by a deed of the said Egidia, dated the 26th October, in the 15th year of Henry VIII. doth plainly appear ; which said feoffments are to the use of the aforesaid Egidia, her heirs, and assigns, and thereafter to fulfil the last wiU of the said Egidia ; Now Know Ye, that at the special instance and request of the said Egidia, we have conveyed, and by this present writing do confii-m, to Henry Ashley, son and heir of the said Henry Ashley, all those our messuages, &c. as aforesaid, for ever ; On this condition, that the said Henry Ashley, his heirs and assigns, shall pay yearly, after the death of the aforesaid Egidia, xxs. sterling, to the Churchwardens for the time being of the chui-ches of Limington and Brokenhurst, in the county of South- ampton, at the festival of Easter in every year, in equaU portions, viz. to the Churchwardens of Limington x5. and to the Churchwardens of Brokenhurst xs., that the said Churchwardens of Lymington may keep, every year, an obit, on the Eirst Sunday after Easter ; that is to say, after the second Vespers of that Sunday they shall cause to be sung a funeral service, and on the day following thej' shall have three masses sung, the first of which shall be De Trinitate. the second De Sancia Maria, and the third De Regina, commonly called "the Eegiammasse ;" and in these obsequies, masses, and services, the priests, clerks, and others then present, shall pray for the souls of Thomas Alwin, deceased ; John Vysnary ; Eeginald Ffowluan ; Thomas Ff owluan alias Walwyn ; and for the soul of the said Egidia (when she shall have departed this life), for the souls of her parents and children, and the souls of all the faithful dej)arted : and they (the Churchwardens) shall use the xs. so bequeathed to them, in the manner following, viz : to the three priests who sing the said masses, to each priest, Yiijd. ; and to the parish clerk of Limington, YJd. ; and to a certain praying-man,* of the said town of Limington, (commonly known as The Bedesman.) YJd., to remember the aforesaid jsersons in his prayers at the obit; and to another clerk to toU the bells, ivd. ; and to four other persons who shall assist in the said masses by singing or otherwise, vjd. ; and for an offering at each of the masses, jd. ; and for a dole of bread-and-cheese and ale, to be dis- tributed to the parishioners and others present immediately after the Sunday obsequies, ivd. ; and for torches and wax tapers to be lighted upon the lierse at the time of the aforesaid obit, ivd. ; and xvji. to the said Churchwardens of Limington for their trouble in distributing and directing the same. And to the Churchwardens of Brockenhurst and their successors, x5., that * " Cuidam oratori de villa de Liminrjton predicta, vtdgariter nuncupato The Btdman." I use the words " praying-man," because I can now find no better translation for " orator."' — "The Bedesman, after thousand Ave's told, For aye unsought for slept, among his ashes cold." — Keats. EGIDIA WALWYN. 19 they may every year keep an obit, on the First Sunday after the Ascension of our Lord; viz., after the second Vespers on that day they shall celebrate a funeral service, anglicc, they shall sing a Dirge ; and on the Monday, being the second day of the festival, they shall have throe masses sung, the first of which shall be De Trinitatc, the second De Sancta Maria, and the third Dc Regina, commonly called " the Regiammasse ;" and two other masses sub silcncio, viz. one De Ascensionc, and the other De Spiritu Sando ; and in the said obsequies, masses, and prayers, the priests, clerks, and others then present, shall pray for the souls of Thomas Alwyn ; of Humphrey and John Vysnary ; of Reginald Ff owluan and Thomas Ff owluan alias Walwyn ; and for the soul of the said Egidia (when she shall have departed from this life), for the souls of her parents and children, and for the souls of the faithful departed. And to dis- tribute, on the said Sunday, the xs. hereby given to them, in the manner following, tliat is to say : to five priests, to each priest, viij^. ; and to two clerks, to each clerk, ivi. ; and to the parish clerk of Brokenhurst, for tolling the bells, ivi. ; and for torches and wax tapers to be lighted on the herse during the said obit. Y\\\d. ; and for a dole of bread-and-cheese and ale, to be distributed at the said time to parishioners and others, at the church of Brokenhurst, after the obit on the said Sunday, iijs. ivd. ; and to the churchwardens, for their trouble about the aforesaid, xiji.* And if it shall happen that the said Henry Ashley, f or his heirs or assigns, should fail (after the death of the said Egidia) in paying the said Church- wardens, or in keeping the said obit, &o., then in every case to forfeit xxs. for each such default. Sealed and signed by the above named Tristram Ff auntleroy and Bartholomew Husee, [three other seals not signed] on the 14th May, in the 16th j-ear of King Henry VIII. (a.d. 1524). The document by which these services were secured, was trans- mitted, for safety, to the Mayor of Lymington, to be deposited irv the Town Chest, in memoriam: and no doubt mass was sung, and requiem said, for the soul of the aged donor, for some few years. But the times were unpropitious. The Reformation, a few years later (in 1530), swept away all such observances, under the general term of " superstitious usages ;" and poor Egidia Walwyn's intentions were frustrated and forgotton. The deed, * Without going into minute calculations, we may reckon the penny of 1524 as about a shilling of 1S76. fAi^tenvaids Sir Henry Ashley ; born 1519. His grandfather had married the daughter of Raynold Walwyn, co. Sussex. Ffauntleroy and Husee were both Dorset families of rank. 20 EGIDIA WALWYN. however, lay safe in its dark repository, unnoticed and undeciphered till the present time. It now reappears, to recall those long-past years, and long-forgotten individuals ; and perhaps, even now, some pious-minded person, on reading the venerable lady's good dispositions and intentions, may give a sigh for her memory, and even a prayer for her soul. 21 c HAPTER V. KEXT to the ecclesiastical structure of the church, we naturally come to the civil or secular ereftions of old time ; which may be specified as the Town Hall, the Market Cross, the Jail, the Stocks, the Whipping-post, and the Pillory : all which were important and continually used items in the every-day life of our forefathers. The earliest Town Hall that we have any trace of, dates from 1463 — the fourth year of King Edward the Fourth — when a widow lady, residing at Lymington, presented to the town a messuage and site, whereon to build one. Who her relations were, or where she lived, is unknown*; but she deserves our gratitude for her kindness ; and it will not be refused her after the long lapse of more than four centuries. Here is her deed of gift, which still exists in the town chest, in Latin ; the parchment and ink looking as though they would see out a thousand years longer : — • WNOW all men, both present and future, that I, Juliana Tevant, of Lyming- Vk, ton, in the county of Southampton, Widow, have given and granted, and by the present writing do confirm, to John Quicke, now Maj'or of Lj'mington aforesaid, and to aU and singular the Burgesses of Lymington and their suc- cessors, a Messuage and Half-an-acre of Land adjoining thereto, situated and being in Lymington aforesaid; having Le Highe Streete de Lymyngton on the north side, and a field belonging to the Prior}' of Christchurch Twyneham on the south side. To have and to hold the said Messuage, &o. with the appurtenances, &c. to the aforesaid John Quicke, and all and singular the Burgesses and their successors ; they choosing and placing in possession one of the said Burgesses,! to hold the same as of fee, rendering suit and service accustomed and required * I have sometimes thought that she might be related to Cecilia Fovant, abbess of Shaftesbury in 141 5 » t>ut this is mere conjecture. Oddly enough, Fovant and Tevant are two villages of Wiltshire, not far from each other. t This was a copyhold tenure ; and therefore, as a corporation never dies, the fine due at each death could not be other\vise paid. There is no mention in the books as to what became of this old Town Hall and its site (when pulled down) ; and I suspect that the burgess in possession could not be got rid of. 22 THE FIRST TOWN HALL. by law. On this condition, that the said feoffees (the Corporation) do distribute iiJ5. ivi.* to the poor of the said town [every year], according to the view and discretion of the Mayor and his successors pro tempore. In testimony whereof I have hereto set my seal. Witnesses : Robert Oglander, William Clavill, William Wiltyshir, and many others. Done at Lymington, on the sixth day of the month of February, in the fourth year of the reign of King Edward, the fourth after the Conquest. This Hallf was standing after the French burning of the town, in 1545. It is mentioned in 'the earliest Mayor's account as 1581 — The Town Hall and baoksyd behind the same. Its very existence has long been forgotten by the pubhc, but we can pretty closely identify its locality. It stood on the south side of the High Street, on the site of the present Nos. 30 and 31 ; and the Cross was in front, in the roadway. It was like many other similar buildings of the same era. It had a heavy penthouse, projecting over the pathway ; and inside was a dimly lighted hall, hung about " with pikes, and guns, and bows," as the old song says. 1656 For mendeing the Towne Hall Penthouse and windows 16 2 1667 For repairing the Markett House, Markett Crosse, Town Hall, and Penthouse .. .. .. .. 3 2 2 The halls of justice (wrote Aubrey in 1678J were (formerly) dreadful to behold : garnished with corselets and helmets ; with coats of mail, lances, pikes, and halberts. It was so here : round the walls were suspended the morions, brown-bills, bucklers, and other implements of defence, which the burgesses were obliged to use in those stormy times, when summoned by the clang of the alarm bell ; which hung ready in a louvre over the roof of the Market Cross. 1658 For poles, lines, and nails, for hanging up the armes and cleaning the Towne HaUe 1630 For scowering the towne corsletts 1644 For bringing lip the corsletts from the key 1662 Paid for one Buckrum coate * Tres solidos et quattuor denarios st'rlingorum. How much grander this sounds than oui- paltry 3s. 4(/. ! It wns about £2 of our present mone)'. Engrossed on the back of the deed, in an old hand (about 1620), are these words : " The deed of the Town House Lite in the possession of Giles Samber. " t In future, we shall name this building as " Town Hr.ll (a)." 2 1 1 5 2 to -J a: o ^ •^ 8 10 2 10 5 3 11 5 5 4 5 2 1 4 THE MARKET HOUSE. 23 The Market House would appear to have been a distinft building, doubtless adjoining the Town Hall ; for here were kept the stamped weights, scales, and measures used in the open market on all occasions, as the law then required. 1640 To the paving about the Market House For 10 tonnes of peble-stone, to pitch about the Market Crosse 1643 Towards the paving about the Markett House Per 9 bushells of lyme to repaire the Markett House Paid to the hellier*' and his boy for their worke 1653 For boards, and gemosesf and lines used about the Town Hall 1654 For boards and gemoses and lines used about the Markett House 1674 To Thos. Parker, for a piece of gemmows In front of the Town Hall, in the centre of the street, was the Market Cross. In old by-gone time this had literally been a cross — a sign of piety and devotion to the public ; but it had been decayed, devastated, or broken, during the lapse of years. At the beginning of the 17th century it was an oblong strudlure, solidly built of brick and stone, roofed in ; with a gilt ball on the top ; and pitched all around with pebble-stones. 1625 For 254 foote of stone for the m'kett crosse .. .. 19 7 1639 To Eobert Douner, for timber for the crosse .. .. 7 8 6 To Eobert Glasier, for cullering the crosse . . . . 13 4 To Hastier of Christchurch, for fitting the topp of the crosse 13 4 Here all proclamations were made : an important duty ; for there were no newspapers, and no reading public. The charges by herald, or king's messenger, or the bailiff, for the duty, continually appear every year ; though later on it seems to have been the custom to affix written notifications to a post, specially kept for this purpose. 1616 To the [King's] messengers, for throe p'clamacions 1629 To the King's messenger, for 15 proclamations 1636 Given to messengers, for p'clamacons 1643 Paid to Ffisher for mending the markett Borde 1678 To ye serviant (pursuivant) 30s; for reading proclamations, 19s. * To hele, i.e. to roof-in. ■yGemones, (jemmows, or gemmaces — stout chains, used by masons. The gimmal ring of Shaliespeare's time was a double-jointed ring, used in betrothals and weddings. The " gimbals " cf a compass are still spoken of. 3 14 14 2 6 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 16 11 1 2 4 24 THE TOWN WELLS. By the Market Cross stood the stocks, whipping-post, cucking- stool, and pillory ; all substantial, well-made erecftions ; not left to decay ; but painted, coloured, and kept in good working order, for the everj'-day uses of justice. 1620 For mending the cucking stool* 1623 For mending of the cucking stool For mending of the stocks For the hiinde house lock and mending 1G25 For mending the towne prison 1629 To the carpenter for making a new pillery and cucking stoole To the glazier for cooleringe the pillery with oyle 1670 For keeping a man in the blind house to jwevent damage 1675 For punishing vagabonds; and for bread and a passe for them &c. &c. ad infinitum. At the side of the pillory was one of the town wells. f There were several, all in the centre of the roadway. This was of no consequence, for coaches and carriages were then unknown or not used ; and all persons either walked on foot, or travelled on horseback. This well, with bucket and chain, was the source whence all the houses round drew their daily supply. Westward from this well ran a row of mean sheds, used as shops for butchers and charcoal dealers, t facing the north side of the street ; and nearly close to the footway.g These stalls and booths, with the houses opposite, were known from early times as the Flesh Shambles ; and are mentioned, under that name, in a deed as early as 1408. * The "cucking" or " ducking" stool had nothing to do with water. It was a kind of railed cage with a seat, in which disorderly females were exposed, instead of in the stocks or pillory. The word used in lawbooks is "tumbrella "; and a tumbrel-cart was often employed for the purpose of exposing and shaming (if possible) such loose characters. It was an authorised punishment ; whereas ducking persons in a pond or river was only the riotious proceeding of a disorderly mob. " Cutty stool" is a nearly identical word, still in use in Scotland. [+ When laying the mains for the Town Water Supply, (iSSy-S.) this old well was uncovered, and in a brick passage leading to it, which has now been tilled in, the following inscription was found on the wall : — New pipe was laid Dec. 15th, 1852, by Joseph Cutler and John Macey.] * Charcoal dealers — Whenever "coal" is mentioned, down to the end of the 17th century, "charcoal" must be understood. What we know by the name of coal was termed "sea-coal." Its '• hellish smoke and smocder" were the theme of all ^vl■iters of that period. Yet a large quantity was imported and burnt in the salt-furnaces here ; and about i65o as much sea-coal was consumed in Lymington as in London. I write from good authority; although I cannot, at this moment, give my reference. j The booths of the fairs ran westward in a line with these Iniildings ; and, by a sort of tradi- tion, have so continued ever since. No one has ever seen a fair-stall on the south side of the High Street. Moveable standings supplied the place of the booths, in the early part of the present century. THE FLESH SHAMBLES. 25 ► all the faithful in Christ to whom this present "Writing shall come, Kichard Draper, mayor (praepositus) of New Lemington, and the Burgesses of the said Town, Greeting in the Lord. Know that we, of unanimous assent and agreement, have granted, &c., to John Pepwh3't, his heirs, &e., a piece of Land (unatn peciam terra) lying in the High Street of the said Town, namely in La Fleschshambclles, adjoining the land of the said John ; containing fifty feet in depth, and eleven feet in width. To have and to hold, &c., for the term of sixty years, at a rent of eight shillings. Witnesses : Gilbert Single, Thomas Patrich, John Gardyn, Thomas Pulgo, John Werborne, John Medemowere, Richard Arnewode, and others. Done at Lem}'ngton, on Monday, the festival of St. John the Baptist; in the tenth year of the reign of King Henry, the fourth after the Conquest. Stout posts, and rails with hooks, for slaughtering, or dressing carcasses, stood here and there among them ; for our ancestors were not nice or squeamish in these matters. The garbage, washed away by showers, rolled in a torrent down the hill, through the natural gutters (unpaved) formed by the rain ; and discharged it- self into the river under a small stone bridge, at the bottom of Quay Hill. 1624 For mendinge the bridge going to the key . . . . 4 For 2 tunn of stones, to mend the bridge aforesaid . . 10 The humorous lines written a century later by Dr. Swift, exacTiIy describe what must have been seen at the bottom of the town after every heavy shower : " Now from all parts the swelling kennels flow, , And bear their trophies with them as they go. Sweepings from butchers' stalls, dung, guts, and blood, Drown'd puppies, stinking sprats all drenched in mud. Dead cats and turnip-tops come tumbling down the flood. Juliana Tevant's Town Hall (a) became, in lapse of time, obsolete and inconvenient ; and in 1684 a new one was ordered to be built. It will be convenient here to describe and discriminate its second and third successors, which will be hereafter very often referred to in our pages. 26 THE SECOND TOWN HALL. as wr gild tJc 3lt)mtiTst0iT. Memorand : That, at a Comon Hall, held the 24th day of April, 168-1, It was resolved that a new Corn Markett, with a Town House over it, be forthwith new built in such place as shalbe agreed on by ye major part of the Maj'or and Burgesses ; and that the p'sent Maior, together with Mr. John Burrard, Mr. Thomas Bulkley, Mr. Samuel Samber, and Mr. John Lamport, or any three of them (whereof the said Maior to be one), doe forthwith treate with Workmen, in the best maner they can, for the said building : The whole charge whereof not to exceed Two Hundred and Twenty pounds.* &th day of May, 1684. — Eesolved, that the Town Hall shall be built upon pillars, on the ground whereon the Butchers' Shambles now stand ; and that the said Butchers shall have satisfaction made to them for their shops, &c. This second Town Hall (h) stood opposite the present houses Nos. 93 and 94, in the High Street, close to the pavement. The sheds and tenements, before described, ran eastward, in the same line, as far as the Market Cross (which had been rebuilt in 1643). The Hall (6) stood on pillars ; and the lower portion was employed as a Corn Market ; the Corporation using the large room above. By degrees, as Parliament grew more important, after the Revolution of 1688, the magnates of the county began to rival each other in attempts to secure the influence of the borough and the return of its members ; so that the Hall {h), which had done very well for the resident burgesses, was not considered grand enough for the earls, and lords, and great people, who now frequently assembled in it. It was therefore given over to the use of the Public School (Fulford's Charity)! till 1782, when it was finally removed. The sheds and buildings in the street then showed more unsightly ; and they too were pulled down (1783-4) as far as the Market Cross, at the eastern end of which the third Town Hall (c) had been built, in 1720, close to the northern pavement. It was a plain strufture, on pillars like its predecessor, but with a larger and more suitable room (as was then thought) above. This Hall served through the long reigns of the three Georges, down to the middle of the present century. The Market Cross had become ruinous and * In purchasing power, about ;£'500 of our present money. f George Fulford, Esq. of Toller Fratrum, Dorset, (chosen Burgess in 1667), iu 16S8 gave two acres of Land at Buckland Newton, in the same county, to found a free school, for boys In Lymirgton. It will be mentioned hereafter. CO O 00 53 THE THIKD TOWN HALL. 27 useless ; and was removed about 1820. The Town Hall (c) then stood alone ; and being in its turn found inconvenient, and in the way of carriages and other vehicles, was finally pulled down in 1858, to the great improvement of the street. The other civil institutions of the town (as we have called them), viz., the pillory, stocks, and whipping-post, need no description. They stood, at first, in the High Street, by each Town Hall in its turn. The last had not been used during the present century : but a woman was put in the stocks so late as 1837. The town jail, or blind-house as it was commonly called, stood, first in the High Street, by the Town Hall, and afterwards in New Lane. It was a low stru<5ture, of coarse stone ; but was removed, as out of date, about 1850 ; when the Police supplanted the old historic Parish Constable. 28 Chapter vi. IN tracing out the past history of a town, the greatest assis- tance will naturally be derived from the books kept at contemporary periods by the public officers. The entries in them preserve vivid touches of hfe and manners, from which much may be learnt directly, and still more in an indire(5t manner ; the more interesting as it is not only a pidture of what has passed in a little obscure town, but is a sample of the era, and the manners and customs of the people at large. With this view we shall pick out, from a large mass of entries of no particular value, a selecaion of those which are most suggestive; adding to each such an elucidation or explanation as the subjeft may seem to require to make it generally intelligible. It would have been easy in the short compass of our past pages to double their number, by adding vague extradts about persons or localities equally indefinite ; such as 1299 Eoger de Gardyn held Old Lymington and Cliristchurcli Twyneham. 1302 Geoffry Sturmy holds wardship of William Hay, &c. by the serjeanty of Ebforde, &c. both of which entries are names and nothing more;* for we know nought of the persons, and no useful information is conveyed by what is related of them. But on the other hand, a trivial or com- paratively, unimportant entry may mark the period at which it is made or the persons who made it, in a way both entertaining and instrucftive. *The Gaidyns were a family of importance here. Thomas atte Gardyn witnesses the Beaulieu .•\greement (;). 6), and the name appears on pages II and 25. A large emigration took place, in 1642, from this neighbourhood and tlie environs of Southampton ; when Martha's Vineyard, in Massachusetts, was colonized by them. Many of the Gardyners took part in it ; and their names are still retained in that island, as in " Gardiner's Harbom," &c THE TOWN BOOKS. 29 The oldest of our Corporation Books (No. 1)* now extant, is a mouldering fragment, of foolscap folio size, in decayed parchment covers. The earliest entry is 1581 ; but it probably began about half a century before, though that part is lost. It ends, in 1650, with notices of eledtions of burgesses ; but Book No. 2 had then been in use for some years. Town Book No. 2 is larger and more pretentious in appearance. It is a demy folio, in limp parchment, formerly fastened by a stout strap and buckle. On the cover is ingrossed, in large letters, as follows : — 2lItc f 0iMnt haaiic af limiixQtan Given by Mr. Robert Pamplyn in the time of his Maioraltie, which was in Anno Dni 1609 : wherein are written the Accompts of the Maiors of the Towne, and divers orders concerning the Towne. The accounts are from 1613 to 1709, with entries of burgess elecftions and minor matters up to 1729 ; though Book No. 3 had then been for some time in use. Town Book No. ^ is a most imposing volume, which has been preserved from injury by being too heavy to be carried about ; and it is half unused and unwritten in, from the same reason. We shall describe it (and its contents) later on. On the first page of Book 1 is the following account of the income and expenses of the Mayor, in 1581, which will elucidate and confirm many of the previous statements. Rentts due to the Meyer or Borgesses of Neiv Lymington, set down by John Pratt. Itm. Howlmes Mede rent dewe Itm. 3 borges Eolles of Eent dewe . . Itm. 4 rooms iu — sliambles at New Lane end * In the Town Chest there is a thin foolscap folio, in old marble covers, containing a legible but shortened copy of Book No. i ; made in 1726 by order of Paul Burrard, Esq., Mayor; and intended as an Index to the original, for which purpose it is very convenient. There is also another thin MS. in the same writing, called A Transcript of the Fragment [of Book No. i], which is carefully done, so far as it goes ; but it extends only to fourteen leaves, by which time the writer's patience was probal)ly exhausted. Besides these, there is a thin foolscap folio, bound in parch- nient, containing a shortened copy of the entries in Book 2. All three are in excellent preserva- tion, like the hair-shirt of Father John, of the Ingold^by Legends: — and from the same reason. 30 RENTS AND TOWN DUTIES. Itm. The house that Dj-att hatha Itm. The Towns House and backsyd behind the sam Itm. Of for his S3'ne pooste Itm. Of Willem Sted for his syne pooste Itm. Of Thomas BosheU for his syne pooste . . xxd iiiji iiij^ iiij^ [Expenses of the same]. Itm. Cheffe rent* for the Towne house Itm. Ffor HouUmes Mede, cheffe rent to Mr. Pamney Itm. for one Plott of Grounde beffore the Cherche dooref Itm. Ffor \_making out] the aocompte of the Meyer of Lymington Itm. together as leve for a hundred acres of the New towne, in the nam of a chefi rentt of the Lybertie thei-of J . . the some xxxs Bewtys to the Meyer of Lymington. Itm. Ffor wharfage for every barke with a botte or kocke, of every forinyer yt bringeth vyttells or other kynde of warre ]s ]d Itm. for every botte without a kocke . . . . . . jd Itm. every load of woolle that comethe to the keye . . . . xd Itm. every & aU kynde of ware after ye ratte as the pete costumer that taketh by a rate anexed to ye composityon between the towne of Hampton and Lymington : that ys to say, haulff the moytye § that the pety costumer dothe take Itm. of every botte of fyshe, one head fyshe || Itm. of every cartt or wayne laden with any kynd of vitells or other warre ; ye owner beying noe boreges . . . . jd Itm. provyed that no cartt of wood, sand, saltt, straw, or heay, be clered from anye pamente thereof . . Itm. of al maner of stanynge.s in the market, or all fayers, beying not ffree * Chief-rent (in capite) was the payment (often trivial) by which lands were held. It had no relation to actual yearly value, as in the modern meaning of the word " rent." f A later hand has added: "This is the plott of ground purchased by the towne." The church door was then opposite the present Church Lane, which I suspect was made through the " plott of grounde " in question. J This is the quit-rent reserved to the feudal lord by the Charter, as mentioned on page 4. § " Moiety" was often carelessly used instead of "share" or "portion." At a division of the Shaftesbury Abbey lands (1565) into three parts, a well was jointly held by the three shareholders. The deed says: "Itm. the thridd parte of the moytie of the water of the well ; being a thridd parte of the chardg's thereof. " Tlie facetious Capt. Grose asserts that in his time (i78o)_two lieutenants, stationed at Ringvvood, sent a serjeant of their regiment on foot to Poole (12 miles), to ask the collector of customs there, whether a moiety was one-third or one-fourth 1 !| Perhaps "one of the largest fish." Fish to the value of sixpence was afterwards taken, as a commutation. It has been given up for some years past. BOROUGH TROUBLES. 31 The following order corroborates what we have before said about the state of the streets (p. 25). We can see the pigs feeding on the slaughter-house filth in the street unchecked ; the owners only being required to have rings in their snouts to keep them from routing up the muddy road, and yokes or collars on their necks to prevent them from entering the doorways of the booths or houses. (JjurgutS ttt %mnmxQtan,) The xth daie of October, anno xvi, Elizabethse Eeginee, &c.. It was fully agreed upon by George Burrard, Maior of the town ; with the consent of John Mailer, Eobert Wells, Richard Casford, Thomas Loder, John Mawdit, Bartholomewe Dowe, Richard Bright, John BayUe, John Bunche, and John Clare, Burgesses : That no man's or woman's hogge shall go within the New Town unringed and unyoked ; and as often as any man appoynted by the maior shal happen to take any suche hogge unlawed, the owner shal pnie for evi-y hogge iiiji. whereof i]d. to go to the Towne, and ijd. to the driver of the same hogge. In witness whereof evry of theym have hereunto put their hands. (Signed by the Mayor and 9 Burgesses.) Here several leaves are gone, and we find ourselves in the troublous times of 1584. The passions of the kingdom appear to have reached to these parts ; and contempt of court seems to be the burden of the complaint : It ys ordeyned and agreed by the holle consentt and assent and agremente of the maior and his brother borgesses that whene and as oftene as the maior or his depute by his baiUyf dothe geve warninge to any of the burgesses to come and apper before any of them at tym and place appoynted, That every bourgess reefusyng to com and not app'ring accordingely as he had cnmmande- mentt or warnyng, to lose and forfet for ev'ry tym so offending, V5. or els to soffer two daies and two nj-ghtes imprysonement. The said vs. to be to the uyse of the Towne and to be leveyd by the baily by destrese upon the goodes of the offenderes. It is aUso ordayned and agreed by the above-named maior and borgesses that yf any of the borgesses of the sam towen do miskalle, misename, or caU any by il name, or sperse any of his brother borgesses of the same towen, at any tym hereafter yn the presens of the maior or otherwise yn the opone awdyence, to lose and forfeet for ev'ry tym so offendynge, iijs. iiiji. or els imp'sonment at the maior's plesure. 32 TOWN REGULATIONS. It ys ordayned and agreed that ev'ry man, being comoner or borgess, do or shall mesuse the Maior in worde or ded, shall for ev'ry sych defalte forfete xs. and iij dayes imprisonmente. (Signed by the Maj'or, George Borrod, and 12 burgesses). The reader will not fail to observe the easy spirit in which imprisonment is meted out as part of the punishment. In fa(5l, the sentence of a magistrate was pretty much what he felt disposed to infliift, in these minor matters. There was no public opinion — no penny newspaper — and no questions in the House of Commons — the House having something of more consequence to attend to in 1584. It ys ordained that no p'son or p'sons at any tym hereafter shaU without the lycenee of the Maior for tym bying take upon hym or them to brake any ground in or aboute the Kaye, under payno of forfete unto the towne vs. for ev'ry tym so doing. And allso -whosoevr do caste any kynde of balaste out of there shippes, craiers,* or boates ynto the chanell or haven, to forfett for ev'ry tym so ofiend- inge xxs. The next orders have more in them than appears at first sight. It must be understood that the burgesses, as originally instituted, were all the aiftual resident householders of the borough (p. 5), but in course of time a class of persons had arisen — sub-tenants, lodgers, and temporary residents — who had not the privileges of burgesses. The former body tended continually to increase, while the burgesses proper became fewer by degrees, from the difficulties of eledlion. Becoming jealous of the non-burgesses, the old burgesses now sought to restrain their rivals, by taxing them, and hampering them with restricftions whenever possible : hence the following regulations, orders, and impositions ; and hence, also, the quarrels, strife, aud town-troubles, that we shall soon meet with. It ys ordained yt ye maior shall take of every man withyn this towne, beying not ffree, for his lybertie that yere, as that ye maior for that yere shall think goode, according to his dwellingg and his behaver to the towne. * Chalk-vessels : Crom Fr. craie, chalk. NOX-BURGESSES. 33 Itm. — "Whosoevr do take a Btrannger to be his tennentte without the (^onsent of the mayor to forfete for ev'rj- inoneth so doyng to the towne v5. Mdm. — Tt was agreed by the Mayor and Burgysses before wrytton that from henceforth no p'son or p'sons whatsoever dwellinge or inhabiting witliin the towne and not being ffree shall use or occupye anie kinde of crafte, occupation, or trade within the towne ; nor have and inioye anie manner of libertye, p'heminence, ffreedome, benyfytt, or comodj-tye whatsoever, in or by the sayde towne, excepte he or thej- do firste compounde with the Mayor of the towne for the t3Tn beinge for the same, and that their compossyssyon be recorded in the Towne booke, ev'ry of them so compoundinge settinge their hands therunto as wj'tnesse of their sayde agreement. And, to prevent sympathisers from wilfully overlooking offending neighbours or personal friends : — Itm. — It ys agreed that if the Maior for the tyme byinge her affter do not cause all the sayde forfetes to be leveide and payd and in the end of his yerre accounted for that happeneth in his tym, to paye the same in that case of his owne purse. On the 13th folio (left-hand side) is a page that has hitherto defied all efforts at explaining it. The writer of the Index has described it thus : — "Page 13. Cannot be read." The general charadter of the entries in all the books is good : but this is an exception ; vile ink and wretched spelling seem to forbid all attempts to decipher it. At last, by patient endeavours, I have succeeded in unravelling the mystery ; and it turns out to be one of the most interesting pages in the book ; being the account of the expenditure of the town at the time of the Spanish Armada, in 1588. Monney Layde out. 1. Itm. Led out for taking notice of Sir Edward Hoppy, Night, mershell commesshann . . . . . . xijd 2. Itm. Led out for writing of orders for the seamen . . . . vjd 3. Itm. Led out for foure pounnds of powdar at the tK/o f erst monsters vs iiijrf 4. Itm. Jjei out ior two ■pound of match .. .. .. viij(/ 5. Itm. Led out for making cleane tliree hadpishes and capes for the same . . . . . . . . iijs E 6. Itm. 7. Itm. 8. Itm. 9. Itm. 10. Itm. 11. Itm. 34 ABM AD A EXPENSES. Led out for fostenne and frames & cannves for the same capes iijs Led out to the cotlar that Capeting senned hether lor the morrennes . . . . . . . . vja Led out for tzfo fleskes o/ lether of Boorf .. .. xvjrf Led out to Mr. Dowe -when he went to London . . xvs Led out for paring of the Buchchers stokes . . . . vji Led out to Mr. Barre, Clarke, for takeing of a note of all ye mareneres . . . . . . . . vji 12. Itm. Led out for three Quertes of when Mr. Barre and the Mayor of [South'] Hampton [mef] . . . . iiji iiij^ Led out for a Quart of S to Mr. Wallape and Mr. Maverrall xd Led out for charcule for the Town house . . . . viiji Led out at the last gynneraU [muster] for one pound of pudder and he that carn'eth [the] pyse . . . . xxd Led out to the Queue's colakter at Winchester . . sxxijs ]d Led out for Chakerrs fyees . . . . . . iijs iiijrf Led out for writting of my Quetance, and the porter's fyees js Led out for when I went to Winchestar, whan I past my Count . . . . . . . . ijs Led out when I whas at the Syeses . . . . vjs viiji Led out for last fayre . . . . . . . . yii]d payde to the pore for the towne . . . . . . iijs iijd S«»(ma paymentoKOK .... vli. vs. xd. Note. — In all extracts the original spelling is carefully preserved. Where " words or letters are required to make out the sense, they are inserted in italic, thus: "two." 1. Sir Edward Hobby. Kt., was an officer distinguished by the favour of Lord Howard of Effingham, the lord high admiral of England {Hone's Table Book, p. 288). He had a martial commission from the Queen, to raise the array of the southern counties, on the approach of the Armada. Opie the painter was of the same family ; and changed his name from Hoppy to Opie, on becoming known to the fashionable world. 5. This was the hagbush, haquebut, or arquebuss, the best fire-arm then made, and which had only been recently brought into use. It had a lock, that brought down on the pan, a burning match, which was always lighted while its bearer was on duty. Hence the necessity for the covers and caps mentioned in No. 6. 6. Eustian, and canvas. 7. "Morrennes" — morions, or head-pieces. 8. Two powder flasks, of buff leather. 13. Itm. 14. Itm. 15. Itm. 16. Itm. 17. Itm. 18. Itm. 19. Itm. 20. Itm. 21. Itm. 22. Itm. RETURN" OF MEMBERS. 35 10. Repairing of tlio Butchers' "stakes" or "stocks," for dressing meat or fastening animals to. {sec p. 25). 11. The appellation " Mr." shows that this was a clorgj-man. 12. In this, and the following item, the name of the liquor has been very carefully deleted with ink. It was wine (no doubt) as it cost lOd. per quart; about 2s. 6d. now. 13. George Wallop was a bold adventurer by sea and land ; afterwards an admiral in the navy. He was M.P. for Lymington in 1575, and twice Mayor of Southampton, where he is buried. 17. Exchequer fees. 20. Assizes. 22. Observe the classical word "paymentorum!" We will only remark that New Lane was so called* at this early date. It may, however, be well to observe, that the spelling, although it may appear ridiculous to us, was not absolutely wrong, as it would be, now that the language is more settled. For example, "mayor" was spelt in various different ways {'maior, meyer, ineyre, &c.) all over the kingdom. Gynnerall, colaJder, carr'eth, charade, syeses, &c. are but the phonetic spelling of our vulgar Hampshire pronunciation, which has lasted, unaltered, to the present time. In 1578 Queen Elizabeth determined to bring forward more of the small boroughs in Parliament ; so as to check, by their votes, the growing power of the counties and cities. Lymington, being then a town of considerable importance, was amongst those fixed upon . and, accordingly, preliminaries were opened by means of a suit- at-law in the Exchequer, ostensibly to inquire into the Borough Charter ; but, in reality, to sound the leaning of the town and its capability as to ministerial treatment. This seems to have presented no difficulty, the burgesses being, no doubt, " honest conformable persons ;" and quite unwilling to enter into any dispute with the Queen or her Ministers. The Charter was produced in court (see p. 3); the Attorney-General acquiesced; judgment was for the town ; and after 1585 two members were duly returned at each election. The first two were of the name of Cook (or Coke), relatives probably of Sir Edward Coke, then speaker of the House, and afterwards the well-known Chief-Justice of England. * See p. 29. 36 A CURIOUS CUSTOM. The first yearly account given in full is that of 1587. It is of no particular interest ; but it presents a good illustration of the simple accounts of that period ; when the town cash was literally kept in, and disbursed from, the Town Chest. Anno Reginoi Eliz. -xyi-^Tno. The Eeceyt of Thomas Loder, Mayor for the yeere past ; WiUiam Mooringe and John Gaston beying Stewardes for that yeere ; as followeth : Imp. — I receyved into my hand of the Towne Monie when John Mawdyt and John Pratt made their accounte . . xxxjxs. ixi. Itm. Eeceyred of John Viall for a tree . . . . . . xiji. Itm. Eeceyved of William Mooringe and John Gaston . . . . ir.s. Summa xljxs. rs.d. Payments. Itm. For charge in travellinge to the Sheryfe aboute our trees xiiiJ5. vji. Itm. For the glasse in the Towne Halle . . . . iiJ5. viji. Itm. For birds to the Maior of Hampton . . . . . . ijs. iiijrf. Itm. For the engrossing th' orders . . . . . . xs. Itm. For the Barr and the makinge thereof . . . . iijs. iiij^. Itm. For the carryinge of John, faggott-maker, to "Winchester viiJ5. vs.d. Itm. To the Sheryffe for the markett bushell* . . vijj. vuji. Itm. For the carryinge of Gregorye Dennys to the Goayle . . iijs. Itm. Paide to the poore . . . . . . . . iiJ5. iiijrf. The Some of these paiements — lv5. vji. Mdm. — ^Yt appeereth by this accounte that there remayneth dewe unto the saide Thomas Loder, all thinges allowed him . . vs. ix^. A curious custom seems at one time to have prevailed here, in elecfting burgesses. They appear to have given livery and seizen of the Burgesship, by delivering a piece of coin to the newly eledfed person. It probably did not last long ; as only two instances occur, at any rate, in which it has been recorded. Mdm. — That William Whyte, Esquiere, of Moyles Gourtf in the Countie of South'ton, is accepted, taken, reputed, and elected, by John Longe, Maior of this boroughe of Lymyngton, John Mailer, Thomas Loder, John Mawdytt, Eichard Casforde, John Pratt, Edmunde Wylshire, WiUiam Mooring, Davyd * One of the stamped official measures ordered to be kept in every market town, by the statute of Henry VII. tThe Whites were of Pylewell a few years later (in 1630). ELECTION OF A BURGESS. 37 Blake, and other Burgisses of tlio same towne, to be one of the companie, and a Burgysse of the same towne. And for the good by him allreddy done, and in consideracon of dyrers other things, they have sett and putt the saide William Whyte in full reaU and peaceable possession of the same, by the gevinge and deliveringe of one pennye of good and lawfull monie of Englande, unto him, the fyfthe daye of December, in the one-and-thirtetli yeere of the reigne of our sovrayne Ladie Elizabeth, the Quenes Ma:tie that now is. (1588.) Mdm. — That Eobert Pamplyn, Esq 're, her Ma:ties page of her Highness' Robes, is accepted, taken, reputed, and elected, by Thomas Loder, mayor, John Longe, gent., John Mailer, John Burrarde, John Mawdytt, John Pratt, Eichard Casforde, Edmunde Dowe, Davyd Blake, and Edmund Willshier, and other the Burgysses of the same towne, to be one of the companie and a Burgj-s of the same towne, and to have and enioye all such lib'ties, p'hemynence, advantage, benyfyttes, and p'fytts whatsoever, as to anie the other of the companie, by force of anie freedoome, is incydent, app'teyning, or belonginge ; doinge and p'forming, accordinge to the othe by him alredye taken, his obedyence and alleagiance especiallieto her Ma:tie, andtherin to her officers of this place; and also in councellinge and p'forminge anie matters concerning th' estate of the saide towne ; and in councellinge and keeping secrett anie matter of trust reposed in him touchinge the state thereof. In w:che said benefyttes (as before recej'ted) for the good will, naturaU zeale, love, and affeccion, w:che they the saide Burgysses beare unto him, thej' have putt and sett the saide Eobert Pamplyn in full and reall possession of all and sing'ler the p'misses, by geveinge and deliveringe to him of one pece of twopence of lawfull englyshe monie, the second dale of December in the xxxvjth yeere of the reigne of our sovragne Ladye Elizabeth, by the grace of God, of England, France, and Irelande, Queue; Defender of the faith, &c. (1583). This Robert Pamplyn, Esq. was a person o£ importance ; being no less than Yeoman of the Robes to Queen Elizabeth, James I, and Charles I ; and doubtless a very desirable personage for patron, in the new relations with the court. Ordinary Burgesses are merely noticed as elecfled ; but in this case it seems that more ceremony was deemed requisite ; and the minute description is quite suitable to the office of a privy councillor. The care expressed about "the alleageance due to her Ma:tie "* was a whim of the time ; it being fashionable to proclaim a sort of chivalrous devotion * A whimsical Christmas revel, pretty close in date to 1583, gives the same idea, in an exag- gerated form. One of its rules was: " All tho Knights of this honorable Order shall yield homage, loyalty, unaffected admiration, and all humble service of what nume or condition soever, to the incomparable Empress of the Fortunate Island." Gesta Grayorurn; or Sport.i of the Prince of Mifrule [in Gray's Inn, &c.] 1 594. 38 MORE TOWN TROUBLES. to the fair sovereign, of fifty 3'ears of age. Our courtier no doubt enlightened the rustic burgesses on this point. The town-troubles before mentioned, now again come under our notice. They are deeply rooted ; and, having produced disturbance, are likely to breed more. We have mentioned the cause on page 32. For Holmes' Meade: the former Order is voide*; and it may he lett ad placitum. Mdm. — The one-and-twentj'th daye of April, 1599, by the consent of these whose names are underwr3'tten, 3't was agreede that whereas uppon the 7th of December Anno Dni 1586, yt was ordered that at th'expiracion of a lease granted to Robert Welles, deceassed, of a Ground called Holmes Meade, the same ground should from thenceforth for ever bee and remayne to th'use of the Maior for the time beinge, and never more to be granted by lease ; as by the same order more at large appeareth. Nowe for as muche as by reasone of divers trubles brought against the towne by George Trewman and other disobedient jj'sons, wherbie great charge hath growne and more is like to growe, for the appeasinge of the saide trubles and reforminge the saide disobedient p'sons, j't is ordered, concluded, and fullie decreed, that the order made as aforesaide shall no longer stande in force, but shall from henceforthe be utterlie voyde, fustrate, and of no force. And that from henceforthe yt shall be lawef ull for the Maior and Burgesses for the tyme beinge to demise and lett the same Meade by lease, as the lawe dothe p'mytt, reservinge the olde and auncient Kent to the Towne's use. And that the ffyne or ffynes raysed uppon such lease or demise shalbe imployed and used for the defendinge of the trubles aforesaide, and reforminge the said disobedient p'sons, and other good uses for the benyfytte of the Towne and government thereof, as by the Maior and Burgesses ghalbe thought requisite and expedient. And whereas by the order made the 7th December anno Dni. 1586 as aforesaide the same Meade should have remayned to the Maior for the tj-me beinge, j-t is nowe likewise ordered that after the demisinge or lettinge of the same Meade, the Maior for the tyme beinge shaU have yeerelie allowed unto him uppon his accompte Syitye shiUinges of lawfull enghshe monie, in respecte of his traveU, dyett, and charge otherwise. Subscribed bj' us, (Thomas Turbervile, Mayor; and 10 Burgesses). We have before spoken of the power of the Mayor and Burgesses, as being much greater than at present. An example will be seen in the following order. The do(5frines of Free trade were as yet * We have not thought it necessary to print the former Order. THE ASSIZE OF BREAD. 39 unheard of; and not only Burgesses, but strangers, are ordered to sell their tallow to the town chandler at a fixed price; while, in case of refusal, the latter are to be sent out of the Borough, without being allowed to sell any of their meat at all ! This however, was quite in the spirit of the age : meat, bread, ale, wood, faggots, and all kinds of commodities, were inspeifled, and fixed as to price, by the Mayor ; here and in all other Boroughs. Vicesimo quinto die Aprilis, anno Dni 1594. Mdm. — The day and yeere aboue wrytten jt was conchided, agreed, and consented, by and between Thomas Loder, mayor, John Longe, gent., Eichard Casford, John Mawdytt, John Pratt, John Burrarde, Edmunde Dowe, Edmunde Wyllshyre, and other the Burgysses of the towne on th' one p'te, and Ealfe Peeke, Wyllyam Peeke, Mathew Abraham, Eycharde Levett, John Trickle, and John Sybble, on th' other p'te, in manner and forme following, viz : — That the saide persons beinge boutchers or victuallers for the towne, shall weekly, untiU the firste day of Lente neste comming, weU and trulic deliver aU suche tallowe as they shall have by using of their said trade in this towne, unto John Pratt, appointed chaundler for the p'sent yeere ; the saide John Pratt paying for everie pounde of tallowe \]d. for eache pounde. And if the saide boutchers shall not trewly deUver theire saide taUowe, each of them soe olfendinge shall forfeit vjs. viiji. to be levied of their goods or chatteUes by waye of distresse. Provj'ded allso that every p'son coming to this m'kett, being forryners,* shall also delyver their tallowe unto the saide John Pratt in forme aforesaide, accord- ing to the porc'on of their fleshe, hyther brought to be soldo : And j'f defaulte be made therein by them, then they so ofEendinge to be dismyssed, and not suffered to sell anie fleshe so brought w'thin the towne. (Signed by the Mayor and other Burgesses, and by the Butchers). The troubles are increasing; and a commission seems to have been procured, to inquire into presumed abuses. Its being from the Exchequer shows that it was about the dues of the Crown, or matters of similar import. The Mayor has to proceed, himself, to London ; where he would doubtless call on Mr. Pamplyn, or some other powerful friend, to " appease " the suite ; that is, to get the Crown to compromise or settle the matter. We do not know the result ; it was probably successful, for the suit does not again appear. * Non-burgesses. 40 A SUIT-AT-LAW. An Order for the raysinrj moneys to defend a suyte at law raysed ag'st the Towne. Mdm. — That }•! is ordered and agreed upon, the xxivth daie of Aprill 1599, by the Maior and Burgisses whose names are underwritten, That whereas there is a treble and a discorde raysde against the towne, aboute the taxing and payinge of the proffites, contrarye to theire auncieut customes ; and for that against the pryvj'tie and consente of the Maior and th' other Burgisses, a Commyssion hath bin p'cured out of the Excheckor for the taxing and paying thereof. Now therefore yt is agreed upon and ordered that the Maior and some one of the companie w'th him shall travaile to London aboute the appeasing of the saide suite, and to take councell thereupon : And whate charge aboute the same shalbe spent hereafter, yt shalbe lawfull for the Maior to defaulte and aUowe himself in his at-couute, and that the towne stock and goods shalbe lyable to defra3'e the chardges thereof. Signed i Thomas Turbervile, Maior, (and Burgesses). The next matter that occupies the attention of the Mayor is the Town Well opposite the Town Hall (a). The partial rate, made on " several " of the inhabitants only, is curious ; and still more so is the penalty for default — a " dubbell " payment ; or such punishment as the Mayor shall think fit ! JJecimo-octavo die Sejjtemhris, 1600. Yt was ordered and decreede, by ye Maior and the reste of his Companie here assembled this daye, that the inhabitants hereafter named shoulde be con- tinuallie contributories apiece, for a quarterlie and yearlie paiement for the better me3'nteyninge of the Towne Well in the Hyghe Streete,* being the Comon Well ; as also for the p'sent reparacons nowe to be done unto the same ; and that eache one that shall refuse to paye the taxe hereunder wrytten shall forfete a dubbell paiement, or abide suche further punishment as by the maior for the time beinge and his companie shall seeme fitt. And that Thomas Whale and John Barnes are now chosen Wardens for the government and good order- iuge of the same well, and gatheringe the saide taxe, for one whole yeere next ensuinge the feast of St. Michell th'archangeU now next followinge. John Mawdj'tt, junr. iiij^ Edmond Painter iiij(f Edwarde Barnarde iiiji Edmunde Dowe YJd Elizabeth Allden iiiji Edmond Crouchman iiij'^ THE WELL RATE, 41 Smyth and Mannynge ij^ William Steede viijrt' Mathewe Abraham vjd George Trewman iiijd Tho. Whale . . Yid Bartholomew Guye . . iiijd Antho. Shuckeborough iiijd Tho. Loder . . iiiji John Barnes . . iiiji Luke Stevens vid Richard Sirrell ijd Widow Lamfere and Humphrey Phippyn i]d Total vj5 vjd. Secundo die January 1606, et anno regni Dni nri Jacobj, Dei gratia Anglicv, Francioi, et Hiher. Regis, ivto, et Scotioi xmo. Mdm. — Luke Stevens, Maior, with the consent of the Burgesses, have ellected John More, of North Badsley, Esquire, to be Stewarde, and of the counsell concerninge the government of the Borowe, as well as in matters in Lawe as otherwise ; and owt of our loves and free guift giving the said John More one yerly fee of fortie shillings yerly during his lyfEe; and do also assent and conclude that ther shalbe forthwyth a patent made, to be drawen and sealed and by our Comon Seale, in as large and ample manner as that to Eichard Hardy, gent, deceased ; or any other heretofore, as by old cuatome. * Opposite the Town Hall (a). In pursuance of the attempt to put down non-burgesses who would not compound (38), there seems to have been, about this time, a list taken of several of the trades : probablv those that were most obnoxious. Among them are several persons who, as they lived in the centre of the town, were liable to the Well-rate. There (as at present) were the principal tradesmen ; and George Truman, who appears one of the most recalcitrant, was landlord, no doubt, either of the Nag's Head* or the Angel (then the George). The list is at the end of Book No. 1 ; and is formally authenticated, at the bottom of each page, by one or more persons of the respedtive trades. Three Innholders can write their own names ; all others use marks. The Weavers have gone ; and the Town * Now (1894) Londesborough. 42 PBINCIPAL TRADESMEN. Beer-brewer has no modern representative ; but the number of other trades is not far different from what it is at the present day. Weavers. John Barnabee Abraham Vincent Richard Michell Beere Bruer. William Dowe Taylors and Drapers. Garrett MaUett John Barnes John Wadsoe John Hart John Pope Eobert Speeringe Drapers. John Wadsoe Innholders and Typplers. Thomas Eussell John Lastye John Loveridge George Trueman John CasteU John Tanner Widdowe Winch WiUiam Steele Butchers. John Dallys Matthewe Abraham William Pyke John SybbeU Ealfe Pyke Eichard Levett The next entry shows open war between the rebelHous innkeeper and the town-dignitaries. How the feud ended is uncertain ; and must be left, like many greater matters, undecided. Vicesimo-nono Maij 1607. Mdm. — That John Burrard, Mayor, (with the consent of several Burgesses named) did send the Baylyfe of the Towne for George Truman to answer divers his misdemenors, where upon the said Truman (beinge at home as the Bayl}' affirmed) would not come to the saide maior : Wherupon it is comannded that the Bayly and Constables shall forbid the sayde Truman to use victuaUinge and tipHnge, as he will answer to the contrary. Signed : John Burrard, Meyer ; and Burgesses. There is nothing ludicrous in this order, though the words may at first sight seem so. "Vidtualler and Typpler" was the appellation of an Innkeeper, who sold to customers provisions and liquid refreshment. In modern terms, Truman's licence was stopped ; a punishment which, for " divers his misdemenors," could not have been considered unreasonable. STRINGENT REGULATIONS. 43 The next order appears to be intended as a remedy for the whole of the disorders affedting the town ; and it seems really to go to the bottom of the matter. There is something almost touching in the complaint about the burgesses being not so " wynninge together " as they should be, " through the instigacon of idell and lewde persons"; although the true measure of their offences does not seem to be recorded. It was very likely a symptom of the times : for the first outbreak of that restless spirit, which afterwards ripened into civil war, now began to show itself everywhere, and in various forms. Luke Stevens, the mayor, who died of the plague, lived in the Old Borough (on Quay Hill), still the most crowded and insalubrious part of the town. The Book of Orders and Decrees has never been seen since : probably it would have afforded us much interesting matter for consideration. Vicesimo-quarto Octobris, anno regni Regis Jacobi; &c. (1607). Forasmuche as the Booke of the towne orders and decrees, by w:ch as well as the Maior andBurgysses as the Inhabitants of this Towne shoulde be gov'rned, ordered, and helde in dewe obedyence, is now remaynynge in the house of Luke Stevens, who dyed by the visitacon of the Plauge ; and by reason thereof cannot without danger be had and viewed, to putt the same in record. And forasmuch also that the Maior and Burgysses for the most p'te are not so assistinge and wynninge together, concerninge the rule and goverment of the said towne, as they oughte, by reason of w:che the Inhabitants, through the instigacon of idell and lewde p'sons, are altogether contemtious, and growno into a rebellious kinde of lyfe and behaviour. Yt is nowe ordered and decreed, by the Maior and Burgysses whose names are underwrj'tten, for a reformacon thereof to be had, that from henceforth all the Burgysses inhabitinge within the saide Towne, uppon lawefull warninge to be geven by the BalyfEe of the towne, shall from tyme to tyme geve their attendaunce and assemblye before the Maior for the tyme beinge, or his Deputie, for and concerninge anie busines touchinge the Towne, and shall therein aide and assiste the saide Maior and his Deputie to their powers. And yf anie shalbe negligent and absent themself, he shall forfeits and loose for the fii-st tyme vJ5. viij^. to be levyed by the Baylyf e uppon his or their goods and chatteUes, by waie of distresse and sale of the same ; or to be recorded by account of debte to the use of the Towne ; and for the seconde offence shalbe dismissed of his Burgysshippe for ever. Provided, that yf anie Burgys shall have anie lawefull and sufficient excuse to be absent, and shall thereof, before the tyme of such assemblye appointed and after warninge thereof geven as aforesaide, make the same knowne to the saide Maior or his Deputie, the same Burgyess shall not loose or forfeite any thiuge by reason of this order or decree. 44 RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE. Itm. — Yi tlie Maior or liis Deputie shall have cause to travell to anie place for or concerninge his office, or business of the towne; he shall have the assist- ance and companie in that travell, of two or three of the Burgissea, by the said Maior or his Deputie to be appointed ; uppon the paine and forfeiture aforesaid, for everie one so ofEendinge. Itm. — That all suche charge and expence as fall thereuppon by reasone of anie such travell, shalbe defrayed and borne out of the rents and p'fyttes of the saide Towne, Signed: John Smyth, Mayor; and other Burgesses. The following Order is curious, as illustrating the state of trade in the middle of the reign of James I : — Vicesimo-quarto die Octohris, 1615. Mdm. — It was ordered and decreed by the Mayor, &c. That Eobert Edwards, WUl'm Edwards, Eichard Stoake, and all other Butchers, within the towne aforesaid, shall weeklye and every week untUl the feast of St. Michaell next ensuinge the date hereof, well and truly deliver aU such TaUowe as they shall have, unto Thomas Turner, Channdler, he payinge to them for each pound of tallowe aforesaide, for the better sort u]d. and for the worst sorte iji. And they, the saide Butchers, shall sell their suitt unto the inhabitants of the New and Old Towne of Lymington for iiiji- the pounde (and not above) untiU Shrovetide next. And the said Thomas Turner shall well and truly serve the New and Old Towne of Lymington* aforesaid, with candles, duringe the foresaid time, at iiiji. the pounde. And alsoe that all forrejTie butchers comminge to this market shall bringe their taUowe, accordinge to the quantities of their flesh, and sell the same at the rates aforesaid. And if the aforesaid Butchers, or any of them, shall sell any tallowe or suitt contrarie to this order, the p'tie offendinge shall forfeit double the value of such ware solde, unto the p'tie greeved, uppon juste proofe, to be levyed uppon his goods by waie of distresse and sale ; and the overplus to be delivered unto the offender. This order to be executed by the Mayor and Baylifle of the Boroughe aforesaid. And alsoe that the said Channdler shall not sell any candles to any shoppe keeper within the towne, whereby the price of candles may be raysed, untill the towne be served.] And if the said Channdler shall sell any candles above the rate aforesaid, he shall forfeit double the value, &c. And finaUie it is ordered that no shoppe keeper, nor any other p'son within this towne, shall sell any candles at all but the said Channdler, uppon payne to forfeit for every such offence iijs. raid, to the use of the towne, to be levyed as abovesaid. Signed : "William Dolinge, Mayor ; and Burgesses. ■ * The " Old Towne " was the old bovough — the lower part of the town, including Quay Hill: the "New Towne " was the High Sueet, up to the church (p. 5). f The words in italic are deleted, in the original. UNRINGED PIGS. 45 In this year's entries are the followin.t,' items : — 1615 Imprimis: for the slioppes, shambles, and quarteridge for Shoomakers this yere . . . . , . vjli. xviijs. Im. Of the inhabitants ; for keeping Male Ffaire out of the place accustomed to be kept . . . . X5. Itm. Ffor standinges at the same ffaire . . . . xviijs. Itm. Ffor the ffaire at Michaelmas . . . . xviJ5. ivd. The " quarteridge " was a small fee levied on little operatives who were non-burgesses ; but who could not well be done without. The shoppes and shambles were the property of the Corporation, and formed a considerable part of their income (^J. 24). The next order is a revival of a former one (p. 31), but more stringent, being an absolute prohibition as to the Market-day (then, as now, on Saturday): Vicesimo-quarto die Octobris, 1615. Mdm. It was ordered and decreed by the Mayor and Burgesses whose names are here underwritten, That noe p'son nor p'sons whatever, inhabitinge within the Burroughe aforesaid, shall suffer theire pigge to goe abroade within the said Towne unyoked nor unringed. And that noe p'son nor p'sons shall suffer theire pigge to come within the High Streat uppon the Markett day, being Satterday. And as often as the hayward, or any other p'son appointed by the Mayor, shall take any pigge within the foresaid burrough goinge abroade contrary to this order, the owner or owners of such pigge soe taken shall pay for every pigge soe offendinge iiij'f. whereof ijd. to the Maj'or (to the use of the Towne) and ijd. to the driver of the same pigge for impoundinge them. Signed by the Maj'or and 10 Burgesses. A letter from the Privy Council, brought down to the Worshipful the Mayor, by a Captain in the army! 1616 To a Captain, having the Counsell's I'res , . . . iijs. Matters of importance, doubtless. Perhaps news of some plot or conspiracy, or about the embassy to France ; or the delivery of Flushing, or The Brill, to Holland. That noe Seaman shall take a fraight on the Sabouth-day. Mdm. — Tt is ordered and decreed, the xxijnd daie of Januarie, Anno Dni 1617, by the Mayor and Burgesses, &c. That all such p'sons as shall at any 46 SUNDAY FREIGHTS. time hereafter take annie frayte, to be transported from this towne into the Isle of Wight, uppon the Saboth Day, shall j)aie to the Maior of this towne i]d for every fraj-te, to be employed to the use of the poore. This was the year in which King James published the " Book of Sports," which allowed recreation on Sundays, after evening prayers, Perhaps the two different orders may mark the various feelings (beginning to show themselves strongly) as to the observance of Sunday ; or, as it is here called, " the Sabbath." The writer seems to have confused Sabbath and Sabaoth; as was not unfrequently done by the uneducated members of the puritan party. 1619 To making cleane of the Towne Well . . . . 9 8 To Mr. William Clarke, for a suite against George Burrard 114 2 This year the quay was repaired, at a cost of about £45; which I mention, to introduce one or two items of some slight interest. The workmen employed were Galpin, Easton, Cole, Stacy, Sansom, Hurst, Hewitt, Kittyer, Guy, Blake, and Upshall ; nearly all of which names are still in existence at present, in and about the town. The carpenters employed received 14c?. per day. And the entry this year is the first which employs Arabic numerals. For bringing Corn from the Key into the M'kett before it be sold. Mdm. — The xxxvjth day of October, Anno Dni 1621, yt was ordered and decreed, &c. That all such Corne and Graine as shalbe landed at the Key, out of the Isle of Wight or elsewhere, to be sold, shalbe first brought into the m'kett before it be sold. And if any p'son or p'sons shall sell any such corne, he or they shall forfeit, for everie bushell to be sold, xiji. to be levyed of his or their goodes. And Humphrey Phippen, Henry Long, and Bartholomew Vocum are appointed to csirry the same into the m'kett, for any man that shall want portage ; and the p'ties shall pay them for their paines, after the rate for every quarter, \\]d. Signed : Thomas Turner, Maior ; and Burgesses. This was termed " forestaUing the market ;" and, like " regrating," or selling twice over on the same day, was an offence of considerable magnitude, punishable by fine or imprisonment. The ancient statutes, enforcing such penalties, have been repealed for a century past. O ft; a. THE TOWN BREWER AND ALE-TASTER. 47 We have before mentioned the Town Beer-Brewer in KiOG. Here follows more particulars of this important personage, most likely the son of the William Dowe, on page 42. Btirgus de "I For as much as William Do'sre, now inhabitinge within the Lymington.j'BuTVOxigh.Q aforesaid, hath served an apprenticeshipp for the term of seaven yeres, in the mistry of a Brewer, and doth now dwell in an auntient brewhouse within the aforesaid towne*: Wherefore we, the Maior and Burgesses of the foresaid Burrough, whose names are hereunder written have ordered and decreed : And by theis presents doe order and decree, that the said William Dowe shall be authorised to be a Comon Brewer within the foresaid Towne, making wholesome beere and ale, to be sold at such reasonable rates and preises as by the said Maior and Bugesses shalbe rated and ceassed according to the Statute in that case made and provided in the xxiiiV^f yeere of the Eaigne of King Henry the Eighth. And that there shalbe noe other Brewer allowed to brew ale or beere within the said towne, to put the same to sale, after the xxvth daie of March next ensuinge the date hereof, contrary to the true interest and meaninge of the said Statute : In wytnes whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. Dated the xxviijth day of January, anno Dni 1621. Signed by Thomas Turner, Mayor ; and eight Burgesses. It must be remembered that beer was the sole drink of every- body (both male and female) in ordinary life, at each meal. There was no tea or coffee, as now ; and, it being the interest of all to get ale and beer both cheap and good, an Ale-taster was regularly appointed every year: some respectable old burgess, qualiiied, by long experience, for this important duty. The price was fixed, not by the brewer, but by the Mayor and Burgesses ; who continued to set the assize of ale (as well as bread) until the beginning of the present century. 1622 Eeceived for Shew money and Quarteridge, for Shoemakers and Glovers . . . . . . _ _ 7 4 This has been before explained ; but it may be here added that leather goods, such as gloves, breeches, &c. were manufactured at a distance, and brought here, till about 1790. Brockenhurst had considerable reputation for buckskin gloves, for riding and hawking purposes ; for which the Forest deer supplied skins in abundance. The following occur in the same year : — * On the west side of what is now the Angel Yard. 48 STANDING ORDERS. To Mersho, for thatching the Shambles {p.2i) .. .. 2 Given to the Ffrench protestants . . . . . . 2 For eight proclamacons ; to the messengers . . . , 8 Given to the Egyptians [gypsies'] . . . . . . 2 The French protestants were Huguenots, just now much harassed and pressed by Louis XIII and RicheHeu. The proclamations may have been about the Palatinate, or Gondomar and the Court of Spain ; or against popish priests and recusants ; all subj(5ts then agitating the public mind. 1622 Given to Irishe people .. .. .. 4 The simple money transacftions of the times receive illustration from the following entry in the Town Book 2, which is in the same year : — Mdm. — That Eobert Edwardes hath d'd into the Towne Chest, eight silver spoones, in pawne for fRftie shillings lent unto him uppon the same spoones — One marked. . . . B:H: Another with . . . . J:D: Another with . . E:K:: 1609 Another with . . . . E:S: 1615 Another with . . F:E: Another with . . . . ER:E Another with .. E:5:5:E: Another with . . .. E:5:5:E weighinge 10 ozs. The next is a standing Regulation, signed by all the Burgesses (182 in number — from the Tradesman, to the Knight, Baronet, or Earl), admitted from 1622 down to 1718, when it was dis- continued. The gowns, ordered to be worn by the present and past Mayors, were then also left off; perhaps the great wigs, flapped coats, and wide sleeves of that period, made them inconvenient. Burgus de Lymington. 1622. Orders made by the Maior and Burgesses of the Towne of Lymington aforesaid. It is ordered and decreed, the xxxth daie of November, 1622, for the good goverment thereof, by the assent and consent of the Maior and Burgesses whose names are hereunder written, That every Burgesse that shall not assist the Maior for the time beiuge (uppon notice or warninge unto him or them, to be given by the Bailiffe of the said Towne) in the due execution of Justice and repressinge of disorders and disorderly p'sons within the said Towne, Shall UNDER TENANTS. 49 forfeit every of them from time to time for evoiy such default fhnving noo lawful! excuae)* toties quoties, vjx. yiijd. Itm. — It is alsoe ordered, by the assent and consent of tho said Maior and Burgesses aforesaid, That every Burgesse of the said Towno w:c]ie upon Notice and warninge unto him or them, to be given by the BailifEe of the said Towne, shall not appeare and be present at or in the Towne Hall of the said Towne, to advise with the Maior of the said Towne for the time beinge, for and concerninge the well government of the Towne, and give and afford his and their best advice and direction for and concerninge the same, shall, for every such default (havinge noe lawfull excuse) toties quoties, forfeit vjs. viijrf. Itm. — It is alsoe ordered, by the full assent and consent of the Maior and Burgesses whose names are hereunder written, That if any Burgesse of this Towne which shall be dewly elected to be Maior of the said Towne, shall refuse to take uppon him the said office of being Maior, That then every such Burgesse soe refusinge to be Maior, shall, for every such refusall, forfeit, toties quoties, five pounds of lawfull money of England. Itm. — -It is further ordered, by the Maior and Burgesses whose names are hereunder written. That every p'son that shalbe at any time hereafter elected to be a Burgesse of this Towne, shall, within two Courts next after his election, come to ye said Court and take his Burgesse Othe, or otherwise his election shalbe voide and of none effect. Itm. — It is likewise ordered, That if any Burgesse within the Towne (which is or hath been Maior) shall accompany the Maior eyther to the church uppon Feast dales accustomed or, to the Towne Hall, without wearinge a gowne, after Michaelmas day next ensuinge, shall forfeit for every such default, toties quoties, iijs. iiiji. Signed : Thomas Turner, Maior; and many Burgesses. Tourists or visitors to the town could not have been very common now. Travelling there was none ; and summer-trips were unheard of. The next is a carrying-out of the jealous restridtions before mentioned, {page 32). Mdm. — That uppon the xxiijrd day of ApriU, Anno dni 1622, yt was ordered and decreed, &c.. That if any p'son or p'sons whatsoever, inhabiting within this towne, shall take in any tenannt or undertenannt, without the consent of the Mayor and eight Burgesses with him. That any such p'son soe offendinge shall forfeit for every month xxs, to be levyed uppon his or their *" Shall forfeit — every of them — from time to time — for every such default — toties quoties," &c. may ciU to mind Charles Lamb's rel.Uive, tlie oilman ; and the way he arrived at parochial eminence through a judicious and continual use nf " veriy-versy " (vice-versa). — {Essays of Mia.) G 50 THE COMMON BARRATOR. goods by the Bailiffe of this towne, by way of distresse, To the use of the towne aforesaide. In the year 1623 occur these entries of receipts at the quay : — Ffor three cartes, with horse-packs of wool 2 6 Ffor 20 loads of wool at the Key 16 8 and wool seems to have been an important item, according to the next order : — Memorand. — The xxvth day of December, Anno Dni 1624, Yt was ordered and agreed by the Mayor and Burgesses whose names are hereunder written, That Mr Edward Knowles shall receive and take aU the proffites and dues which shall grow due unto the Town for the Key (the Wooll money only excepted), from the day of the date hereof until the nyne-and-twentieth day of September next ensuinge the date hereof: At the rent of three poundes of lawful! money of England. To be paid unto the Mayor of this Towne, uppon the xxix day of September aforesaid. William Dolinge, Mayor ; and 1 2 other Burgesses. The parliament here alluded to, was the last in the reign of James I. 1624. Laid out, going to Titchfield with Inden[/«^'iss] for ye P'liament . . . . ■ . . . 6 1 Laid out at Winton, to proscute Goodwin to be a barrator . . . . . . . . . . 7 10 A barrator was " common stirrer-up of strife ;" a very vague de- scription, which, in troublesome times, was often still further strained, so as to include the spreading of rumours offensive to those in authority. Barratry, no doubt, still exists ; but it has long ceased to be recognized as a crime. The pillory was its appropriate punishment : " 'Tis common barratry, that bears Point-blank an action 'gainst our ears. For which some do the summersault, And o'er the bar like tumblers vault."* — {Hudibras). * To explain the latter lines, as well as still fuither to illustrate the pillory (page 24), I give a description of one formerley existing at Nancy, in France. " Ce pilori se composait d'une cage ronde, haute de six pieds, large de trois, garnie de gros baiTeaux de bois, et tournant sur un pivot. On y voyait exposees a la fois jusqu' a trois et quatre filles, que Ics ecoliers, en sortant du college, s'amusaient a faire toiu'ner comme des ecureuils. " PURITAN REGULATIONS. 51 Vicesimo-nono die Julij, 1625. Wheras divers Acts of Parliament have beene latelie made against droukennes and disorderlie tiplinge ; against the abusinge the sacred name of Almightie God by vaine swearinge and blaspheminge ; and against the prophanation of the Lordes daie called Sonday : Forasmuch as yt is expedient to the efEectuall executinge of those good lawes, that such men as have or may have power to execute the same be themselves noe offenders in that kind : Therefore the Mayor and Burgesses of this Burroughe, nowe assembled, whose names are hereunder written, doe by theis presents order and decree, that every Burgesse of this Burroughe that nowe or hereafter shalbe, who shall offend against the said Acts or either of them and shalbe therof admonished by the Maior for the time beinge, or any two of the Burgesses of this Borro* and shall a seconde time offend against the said Acte, and shall be thereof alsoe a seconde time soe ailmonished : And shall, after two such admonisitions, offend, a third time, against either of the said Acts ; every such Burgesse or Burgesses soe offend- inge thrice as aforesaid, and beinge twice admonished as aforesaid, shall forthwith forfeit and lose his Burgeship, and all the priviledgies and powers thereunto belonginge, and shalbe from henceforth deemed noe Burgesse of this Burrough ; or pay xs. to the said Maior within a weeke after the laste premonition. Signed by the Mayor (William Dolinge), the Eecorder, and 8 Burgesses. A memorandum below, records — This order was confirmed by the Mayor that now is, the xxiiijth of September, Anno Dni 1629. La. Sherwin, Maior. It was a blow at the royalist party : the Cavaliers being noted for the profusion of oaths with which they garnished their discourse. 1625 For mending the butt .. .. .. 9 1626 For an amerciament for the Towne Butt . . 6 8 By a statute of Henry VIII, all parishes were ordered to keep up an earthen butt, or mark, for the pracStice of archery ; but the art, as well as the butts, had become obsolete, through the improve- ments in fire-arms. Our town seems to have been fined for the inhabitants' negledt. In the same year is this — For Ff aires and Marketts, paid to the Londoners . . 112 1 This mast refer to the "taxing of profits," mentioned on page 40. It appears that the same sum was regularly paid afterwards ; until the quit-rent of the Borough was raised to its present amount. * Deleted, by a line through these words. 52 c HAPTER VII. WE are now in a new reign — that of Charles I. The sounds of civil discord in the kingdom will soon be heard ; and they will be re-echoed on the smaller theatre of Lymington. The following notices, though slight, are somewhat significant. Fifteen proclamations, in one year, are signs of disturbance in the political atmosphere. 1626 For fifteen proclamations .. ., .. 11 For my journeys thrice to Hampton . . . . 10 For my journeys twice to Winton . . , . 10 For a messenger sent to the Lewtennants . . 4 For Ffrancis Guidott, for his expenses in journeying about the soldiers . . . . . . . . 10 The soldiers here mentioned are troops to be embarked at Ports- mouth, to relieve the Huguenots at Rochelle. The " Irish people " are probably hangers-on of some Irish regiments, or " Irishes," as they were termed, brought over to serve the royal party. They will appear several times hereafter. The " lewtennant " was most likely their commander here : they were all a disorderly and turbulent lot of men, and hated with a most bitter hatred by the popular party. To Collins, for carryiuge away of Sir Wariiam St. Leger's company .. .. ,. .. .. 050 To Collins, for carryinge away of Sir Richard Grenvile his company Given to soldiers which came out of Turkey Given to Irishe people To Russell and Hugh Easton, for carryinge away of soldyers For carriadge of Redman Macmahon to goaile . . For the redd-shankes' diett and conduct money . . " Red-shanks " was the vulgar appellation of the Irish kernes, from their bare naked limbs, a sight unusual to the English. 5 3 10 2 6 2 10 2 15 ROYAL PROCLAMATIONS. 53 In 1628 a subsidy was granted to the king, by the clergy and laity; and accordingly the royahst party in the town got this order passed : — 28 Sept. 1629. Ordered, that no burgess shall be made, untill be shall have been taxed to the subsidj' : uppon paine of vli. to be forfeited by the Maior for the time beinge, that shall oifend in this behalfe.* but this appears (by a memorandum) to have been soon rescinded, before the Civil War broke out. 1629. To the king's messengers, for 15 proclamations .. 14 There were plenty of materials. Buckingham was stabbed at Portsmouth, by Felton : those constant spedtres, the Jesuits and priests, were to be expelled : one (the Bishop of Chalcedon) was to be apprehended : and the parliament was dissolved ; the king trying to levy ship-money, tonnage and poundage, &c., without their consent. 1629 For labour upon the upper well .. .. 2 7 This is only mentioned to note its situation. It was in the High Street, in centre of the roadway, nearly opposite the Bugle Inn. 1 631 To John AUen, for two journeys to Sir Wil:m Dodington [Breamore, Hants], for orders concerning the dearth 12 For roddes and daubinge of 2 panes of wall [in the Flesh Shambles] . . . . . . . . 8 The latter entry shows what houses were composed of : merely •,vood frames, wattled, and plastered over with clay or mortar — " wattle-and-dab," as it was termed. 1631 To Humphrie Phippen and Harrie Smart to convey the Bedlam fellow to Bewley . . . . . . 10 " Bedlam-man " was the appellation of a lunatic. Many of them, more or less harmless, were or had been, out-patients of Bethlehem hospital ; and were licensed to beg, by a ring and badge fastened round their arm. Others were mere imposters. They all disappeared * The Mayor (Lawrence Shenvin) was a strong Puritan. See the Memorandum on page 51. These little hints are very suggestive. 54 LEGAL EXPENSES. (as we learn from Aubrey) during the confusion of the Civil War; and were not allowed to reappear afterwards. 1633 Eec:d for Eichard Carter, his freedom . . . . 10 for Thos. Gleven, his freedom . . . . 10 for liberty to carry on trade, being non-burgesses ; in accordance with the regulation on page 33. For carryinge a I're to Sir "William Dodington . . . . 14 For goinge into the Island, — to Mr. Maior and John Lucas Oil The iirst order shows the way letters were usually sent ; and how few they must have been. There was doubtless some nominal conveyance as a post ; but so slow and irregular, that a special letter was, by preference, intrusted to a private messenger. The charge for two persons (including the Mayor) going to the Island, must certainly be considered moderate. 1633 To the King's Ma:ties messengers, for six p'clamations 4 One of these was to order all country gentlemen to reside on their estates, so as to repress the rising spirit of rebellion, now becoming more evident every day. 1635 Expenses at Winton about our clayme To Mr. South, his fiee . . To Mr. South, another fEee at the Justice Seat To Mr. South' s man, for writting our clayme For drawing a new clayme For another counsell's ffee For putting in our clayme For dyett and other charge ; and horse-meat All curious, as showing law and travelling expenses at the time. The king, in his endeavours to raise money, had ordered all persons, who had claims on crown land, to prove their titles, or compound by a sum of money; to get which latter was the aim of the government. At the same time, all persons who had £15 a year, were to come and receive knighthood and pay fees for the honour. 2 7 10 10 4 3 4 10 1 1 3 9 o UJ fc; to ft; o Oh to O RAPIER PROCLAMATIONS. 55 1635 To a messenger to go for the crowner . . . . 3 4 To the crowner, for his ff ee . . . . . . 13 4 To four men, to guard a prisoner . . . . 10 all symptoms of times more disturbed, and people more disorderly. For twelve p'clamations this yeare . . . . . . 9 One of them was to forbid the country gentry from coming to London ; and under it informations were exhibited in the Star Chamber, against seven lords, sixty baronets and knights, and more than one hundred private gentlemen. Another was, that no one should travel abroad without purchasing a license. Another was concerning ship-money : now levied more universally than before, and more rigidly enforced. 1636 Of Thomas Day, his rapier .. .. .. 5 No doubt this was some " deboshed " ungodly cavalier swaggerer, who was convidled under an old proclamation of Queen Elizabeth (in 1579) against the carrying of long rapiers, which, as they gave their owners a great advantage in fighting, tended to provoke quarrels and bloodshed. Given to messengers, for fourteen proclamacions . . 14 one of which was to restrain the Puritans from emigrating to America. Under it, Cromwell, and many of the leaders of the party, were stopped at the ports. 1637 Distributed among the poore of the Burroughe . . 8 4 Laide out for p'clamacons . . . , . . 10 Mem:dm. — Mr. Thomas Urry, beinge warned, was absent at this meeting, contrary to the order (page 43): therefore he hath forfeited vji. ini]d. trivial matters in themselves ; but showing increased bitterness in parties ; and aggravated distress among the poorer classes ; as we shall see again shortly. 1638 To the Tithing-man of the Old Towne, for Forest dues 8 To John Hart, for 10 daies' work . . . . 114 some artificer employed by the Mayor. The wages of a labourer were from 6cZ. to 8rf. a day ; though ballads said that the poor man 56 THE LONG PARLIAMENT. (if he had his due) ought to receive a white shilhng for his day's labour. 1639 Of the BaylifEe, for the p'fitte of May fayre .. 12 2 Of him for Matthew's fajTe . . . . . . 9 2 Observe the Puritan omission of •' Saint." An illustration of this occurs in Addison's Spectator, No. 125.* The parliament which now met (April 1640) was the memorable Long Parliament, which, from the importance of its deliberations and their great results, must be ever remembered. Under it the flames of civil war broke out, the king was beheaded, and Cromwell's government inagurated. 1641 Paid to the next Maior, which was by him laide out for bOletting of the Seamen . . . . . . 4 We cannot go into particulars of this eventful year; they must be sought for in the annals of the kingdom. Laud and Strafford were committed to the Tower ; and the whole kingdom was in agitation, from north to south. As to our own neighbourhood, the Commons voted that the Isle of Wight should be taken into special keeping ; and Portsmouth was ordered to receive no forces but under the authority of the Houses of Parliament, which took command of the fleet into their own hands : the king, on the contrary, formed a scheme to become master of the fleet, but was frustrated (July 1642). On the 5th of August, Goring surrendered Portsmouth to the Parhament. 1642 For 20 soiddiers quartering here one daie and night: going westward for the Parliament service . . 5 Civil war had now broken out over the kingdom. All the western towns (Lymington included) were firm in the Parliamen- tarian interest ; though the gentry, as a body, were on the Royalist side. Sir William Waller had taken Winchester, and was one of the Generals commanding the southern counties ; but the Royahsts, under Sir Ralph Hopton, had the better hand in Cornwall. A * "The vvoilhy knight (Sir Roger de Coverley) being but a stripling, when the feuds ran high between the Roundheads and Cavaliers, hod occasion to inquire the way to St. Anne's Lane: upon which the person he spoke to, called him a young popish cur ; and asked him who had made Anne a saint. The boy, being in some confusion, inquu-ed, of the next he met, which was the way to Anne's Lane ; but was called a prick-eared cur for his pains ; and was told that she had been a saint before he was born, and would be one after he was hanged." 2; o •— . O o ^\ --^ o o 2 10 5 10 1 5 3 G 4 6 WAR BROKEN OUT. 57 recollection of this state of affairs will save much minor explanation as we go along. The castle at Christchurch was captured this year* (1664) from the Royalists, by Sir William Waller ; and a large body of native Irish were sent to Dorchester, under a Col. O'Brien. They committed great excesses ; and suffered heavily by military execu- tion, in return, after the taking of Wareham and Dorchester by the popular party. 1644 For releiving divers companies of Souldiers coming from Cornwall For straw to lodge Souldiers To Mr. Guidott to Basingstoke, in money To Captaine Greene for him and his men To James Garrett's wife, for a sicke Souldier For a shroude for him . . To Belman, for a barrell of beere for the Souldiers For watching of 2 sicke women which came out of Corn- wall . . . . . . . . . . 5 All the West was at this time in a blaze. Goring was defeated by Fairfax at Taunton : Sherborne, Bristol, and other great towns, fell before the Parliamentary Generals. Corfe Castle, after a long siege, also surrendered ; and all Dorset, as well as our neighbour- hood, was in the hands of the so-called rebels. The soldiers going to Lyme, were part of the forces sent to its relief It was besieged, and sent round to other towns for their assistance (June 1644). The same occurred as to Wareham,f in 1646 (page 58). 164.5 To Bartholomew Bulckley, for cheese for Souldiers :> K) To Bartholomew Vocum, for warning the Watch . . 6 * April 1 641 is the date of the enigmatical inscription on a tomb at Christchurch ; but it was re-cut at the beginning of the present century ; and is very likely an error for 1644. We were nut slaynet' but rays'd Rays'd not to life But to be bvried twice By men of strife. What rest could the living have When dead had none ? Agree amongst yov, Here we ten are one. Probably some graves in the churchyard had been broken into, to raise a battery against the Castle just opposite ; when, buried in one common grave afterwards, morlui loquunlur. f Wareham was tire scene of many fierce fights between the Parliamentarians and Royalists, the town being at this time in the hands of the latter p.uty. H 5 1 6 6 6 58 PROTESTANT REFUGEES. To Thomas Bellman, for a bai-rell of beere for the Souldiers For bringing up Corsletts from the Key . . To fower poore seamen, tacken by the Dunckarcke [privateer^ . . . . -,. . , To 3 Souldiers going to Lyme . . To 6 poore people that came forth of Ireland The last were Protestants — " our distress'd brethren in Ireland,'* as they were termed by the presbyterian party, — who had fled from their country to escape the excesses committed on them by the Royalists and Roman Catholics. 1646 To Bar. Vocombe for 7 weeks, for warning ye watch 7 To him 3 weeks, when the allarame was for watch and ward To them in beere To Mr. Elliott, for a barrell of beere Itm. — More to them that [kejit] ward, when the allarame was out of Wareham Paid Bar. Bulckley for 2lb. of powder For j)ulling downe the Worke,* to make way into the churchjard . . . . . . . . 6 For keeping a horse for the Lord Generall's [Fairfax's] man ., .. .. .. .. 030 Prince Rupert, with some royalist ships, had been hovering off the Solent ; and it was thought advisable to place the valuables of the town under the protection of the canon of Hurst. But that temporary danger had passed away. 1647 For bringing the Towne Chest from Hurst Castle .. 2 The strongholds of the King's friends are now falling fas-t. Basing House, near Basingstoke, an important fortified place whose ruins are still visible to passengers on the Railway, was sacked and destroyed in 1645, and Lord Hoton surrendered in the same year. 1647 To five shillings lent Mr. Glevin, Mayor, when he went to Basing . . . . . . . . . . .5 * The Churchyard then projecled far into the street, leaving only a narrow passage on the south side. A rubble wall, breast-high, wilh the massive walls of the chuich behind, formed a strong military post, especially when some sort of barricade stopped the roadway. 5 6 5 4 2 8 ELECTION OF MAYOR. 59 For fourteene shillings laid foorth when I was Constable, for sending a messenger to the Lord Hopton, when he lay at Winton with his army (by the Towue's consent and order) .. .. .. .. 0140 1648 For burying a souldier of Capt. Wheeler . . 4 Paid more to a Irish Oaptaine . . , . . . 2 On November 30th, 1648, King Charles was brought a prisoner to Hurst, where he remained till the 21st December. No mention of this remarkable event appears in the Town Book; but the town appears to have been filled with troops, both horse and foot. 1650 To Bennet Pigen, for quartering of souldiers . . 4 4 To William English, for quartering of souldiers . . 4 6 And fur carriage of his sicke souldiers . . . . 10 For quartering of souldiers at my house [the Mayors] 4 6 Paid Andrew Lockyer, for grasse for their horses . . 4 8 Paid Sir Thomas Fairfax's souldiers, going for the Isle of Wight with their General's passe .. .. 12 6 For quartering Sir Thomas Fairfax's souldiers at my house .. .. .. .. .. 066 The more staid and decorous feelings of the time are shown in the following Order ; and the predominance of the Puritan party is clearly marked by the use of the phrase Lord's Day, for Sunday : the only time in the book that it occurs. Whereas it hathe been accustomed by the Mayor and Burgesses of this Burrough, that the Election day for the choyse of the Mayor was upon the Lord's Day before Michaelmas Daj', Now it is ordered and decreed by the Mayor and Burgesses of this Burrough now assembled, whose names are here- under written, That the Election day for the choyse of the Mayor shall be on the Tuesday before Michaelmas Day, in the forenoone. And it is further ordered and decreed that the Maj'or for the time being shall, uppon the Election day of the new Mayor, p'pare a diner for all the Burgesses and their wifes. And for his allowance, in consideration of his charge, it is ordered and agreed that the said Mayor shall be allowed out of tlie Burrough rents the sum of threi^ pounds yearly. And it is also further ordered and decreed, that if the Mayor for the time beinge shall neglect the providing of a diner for the Burgesses and their wifes on the day before mentioned, that then the said Mayor shall forfeite and pay unto the Burgesses of this Towne and their successors the sum of five pounds of currant money. Signed by the Mayor (Francis Guidott), and six Burgesses. 60 GKEAT DISTRESS. This reasonable alteration probably lasted only a few years, till the Restoration. The elecTtion of Mayor was always on the Sunday after St. Matthew's Day, up to the passing of the Municipal Corpora- tion Acft (1835). The dinner to the Burgesses and their wives was given, and the stipulated allowance paid, till 1672. On the Sunday of eledtion the Mayor always invited a number of the inhabitants to a public breakfast of cold roast beef, &c. with port wine, ale, &c., at the Town Hall. They afterwards went to the Church in proces- sion ; though scandal whispered that many were often unable to attend the service. The civil war is now over ; and for several years (1650 to 1658) during Cromwell's iron rule, there is a lack of entries of interest. There is, however, this draft of a letter, which speaks for itself. Continual excitement and agitation have given place to a state of exhaustion: and the requisitions, which have been equally heavy under the Puritan saints or Royalist sinners, have reduced the unfortunate inhabitants to the greatest distress. Ye magistrates of this towne, taking into their serious consideration the extreame pouertie and necessitous condition wherunto generally the inhabitants of this place are reduced by the disasters of these times, haue thoughte fit yt ye mistry of Clothing bee sett on foot amongst vs, as an expedient for relieving ye deorepid and aged (whose wants are so eminent yt they must otherwise starve) and keeping ye younger sorts from ye lazy trade of begging and other idle and vitious courses, by dayly imploym't. Now for so much as this worke can not be begun, unless a more considerable sum of money bee first had (fEor buying of stock, erecting of mills, and getting other requisites) than can be advanced in this parishe (though you wiU find wee have not been backward) when you peruse this enclosed Schedule* of our severall contributions), the Mayor and Burgesses thinke it necessary yt you, and such other noble gentle- men as haue been made free of this corporation, bee desired to giue yor charitable benevolence tow'rds carrieing on and perfecting so pious a worke. (Sr,) heere j'ou haue an ocasion of performing your promise to the towne when you were made a burges thereof, wh: ingadges you to advance any designe tending to its good : And besides ye reward wh: virtuous actions carry w:h them, multitudes of poore people will pray for you, and all of us stand obleiged to subscribe oirselves. Lemington : : : : (Sr.) Yor humble Serv£.nts, A.B. * It has uiifoilunately not been preserved. THE PARISH DEVASTATED. 61 The ntinncs of such Gent: as wre burgesses of ye- fowne, and live out of i/e parishe . — Mr Whitked Sr. Jo. Oglander Mr Boreraan Mr Hildesley Mr Kempe Mr Campion Ml- Stadesby Coll. Edwards Mr Wliitlied, jur. Mr Campion, sen. Mr Pocock Mr Tichborne Mr Jesson (W) Mr Jesson (T) Mr Tulse Mr Wiltshire The clothing scheme mentioned does not appear to have succeeded: for no trace of any such manufa(fture has been preserved. Vague accounts of the wretched state of the town and its inhabitants have been handed down by oral tradition. The church was left gutted and desecrated ; the churchyard, open and bare, with its tombs and stones destroyed. For many years there was even no clergyman here : for the revenues had been appropriated to alien purposes. The dead were buried, and baptisms performed, by irregular enthusiasts of the time ; or by the parish clerk ; or by some of the more staid inhabitants. No monument remains, anterior to this period, except one broken headstone, till recently half buried and illegible. The parish records (if any were kept) have perished ; and no written documents, relating to the church or parish, exist before 1660. 62 C HAPTER VIII. ^^^^^HE civil war is over; but sullen animosities remain, to m^ I excite, for a long period, the passions of the inhabitants. ^J I ^ Cromwell, the Lord ProtecStor, is dead; and Monk has ^^^^ gone over to the monarchical party. Charles II has been placed on the throne ; and " The King shall enjoy his own again !" is the universal chorus of all triumphant loyalists. Here is the account of their rejoicings in May, 1660, at the proclamation. Itm. To Tho: Glevin, for beere Itm. To Tho: Samber, for beere Itm. To Edw: Staoie, for 100 of faggotts Itm. To Hen: Kirby, for ffiirze faggotts Itm. To Widdo Muttier, for wine Itm. For bread for the poore ■ Itm. For p'clayming Charles the Second, and p'lamacons Itm. To Mr BuMey, for powder Itm. To the ringers Itm. To Will: Badcocke [constable ?] Still more beer, powder, and faggots, at the coronation. The weapons are for peaceable uses, in processions and the like, to give due honour to the loyal gentry who have assembled. 1661 To Thos: Crew, for fitting a corslett To Edmond Stacy, for two swords To Thomas Samber, for a muskett To Nicholas HaskaU, for a pike To Mr Bulckley, for two belts and bandaleers To Thos: Samber, for two barrels of beere at the Coronation day For faggotts at the same time . . For 14 pounds of powder To Andrew Hurst and his son, for two petty musters For a general muster [of train-bands] 10 • • • • 7 ■ • 4 6 ■ ■ 1 4 4 5 4 . reading six 5 12 4 • • • > 8 • • • • 1 10 12 8 7 5 7 6 13 3 9 13 4 4 CHUKCH liESTORATIOX. 63 The Burgesses do not appear to have forgotten what was due to them, amidst all the troubles ; for this note is hurriedly dashed in at the foot of the account of 1662, Francis Guidott being the mayor alluded to. MEMUi^It is decreed by the Mayor and Burgesses whose names are here- under written, that the above Sli. deteyned by the above-wrytten Mayor, is not allowed unto the s:d Mayor, for that he kept no feast in the s:d year, {page 71). Mr. Guidott was, however, mayor again next year (1663), when there is this note appended: — The said Ffrancis Guidott, Mayor, hath given an Accompt for six years ; and there is due to the Towne '2'2li. Is. 5d. which said money is paid, &c. ; whereupon tho said Ffrancis Guidott Quietus est. He was no doubt a worthy and moderate man, for he was mayor in 1632, 1G40, 1650, 1656-7-8-9, 1661, and 1662: but his lot was cast in a disturbed time. Perhaps altogether he had good reason to inscribe " Pax optima rerum " on the stone of his wife's grave, which about this period was placed in the church. Pax Optima Eerum. QTJIESCtrNT SUBTUS MORTALITATIS EXTJTIiJE JOANNA, UXOEIS FRANCISCI GUIDOTT, GENEROSI ; QU.E ANNIS rv SUPER LUSTRA XII PIE CONFECTIS, XATAIE CHRISTI CUM CHRISTO IPSO CELEBRAVIT, ANNO DNI. 1(568. MORTUA NON EST BED DORMIT. With the new position hope seems to have revived in the hearts of the burgesses ; and they appear first to have desired to repair the fabric of the church. 1666 Paid Mr George Musgrave, the 11th Feb., 1663, the som of Sli. 4s. 6d. for the fees couceruiug the p cur- ing of the order from the Councell Board, for letters patent for the reparation of the church . . 3 4 6 1664 Taken out of the bos in the chest, to pay Mr George Musgrave for the breife business . . . . 10 More paid to Mr Musgrave in London, for the charge of the same business . . . . . . 20 64 GREAT SICKNESS. Paid for a liorse and man to Hurstlej' . . . . 5 Paid for bringing the breifes from Hurstley . . 6 Pdid for ifisli to my L:d Bishop [of Winchester] and charges there . , . . . . . . 10 Yet even now the political fires are smouldering; under their ashes. For example: — 1665 To Mr Broome, for Habeas Corpus, and for removing Chidley For passing two men : their passe money and conduct money For a warrant for Longe For warning the watch this troublesome time A horse and a man to the Coroner To the Coroner for his ffee, and a warrant For the Eoyall Aid 1 5 1 1 u 8 15 8 all indicative of altered affairs; but of a still agitated state of society. The last item was a grant of two-and-a-half millions of money, for a war with the Dutch. The great Plague of London (1665) spread into the country m that and the next year. Portsmouth and Salisbury (damp and undrained), suffered greatly, just as they did in recent Cholera times. 1665 For fourteene days and nights watching in dangerous times, when the sicknes was in other places . . 6 For watching the Portsmouth people . . . . 6 For 1 6 days ward at the Key, in hardest [time] For Jo: Dorling, in his sicknes . . To Morris his wife, in her sickness 1666 For conducting Elizabeth Bunch to Eingwood, in the time of the visitation [of the plague] . . . . 10 The first parish rate book remaining, commences in 1669, with the following entry : 16 •> o Of tiplers taken in the time of divine service .. Rec:d upon 2 rates at 4li. 3s. 8d. per rate A penny rate (1877) would now amount to £50 6 8 8 7 4 THE TOWN SEAL. 65 The old town seal* seems to have been lost in the late confusion; and we find the following : 1699 P:d to Mr Guidott, for the Towne Seale . . . . 1 1.5 which is the one at present in use. It is a useful but tasteless unartistic article, in silver. This being a good opportunity to mention the arms of the town, we give a representation of its impression. The Arms are : Azure : on waves of the sea, an antique ship with one mast and sail furled : proper. On the sinister side of the mast, an escutcheon pendent from the yard, with the arms of Courtenay thereon : viz. or : 3 torteaux, with a label of three points. A few fragments of the old seal still remain appended to one of the deeds in the Town Chest (date, 10th Hen. IV. — see page 25). The deed itself was produced before the Court of Queen's Bench, in 1696, to prove the franchises of the borough. At this time the silver coinage was very much debased, and that of copper was also extremely bad and deficient. From the necessities of trade, shopkeepers began to make farthings and halfpence of their own, which they circulated from their shops. They are known as Tokens or Town Pieces. All that I have met with (made for Lymington) are the following; the names of which will be easily recognized from the former pages. * Mr. Guidott was a gentleman bearing arms ; so that he must have got the seal executed in his capacity of antiquary or virtuoso. He was descended (it was said) from Antonio Guidotti, a learned doctor of medicine, "of Padua, far beyond the sea," to speak poetically {Lay of the Last Miiu-itrd), or (more strictly) from Florence. He was a mercliant of repute at Southampton ; and this was his great-grandson. See Appendix, page 2J.+ A |)Iiotograph of the inscription and arms (p. 63) will be found in Miscdlatiea Oenealoyica, Oct., 187S. 66 TOWN PIECES. 1. Fartlimg. (Obverse). (Reverse). 2. Farthing. (Obverse). (Reverse). 3. Farthing. (Obverse). (Reverse). 4. Halfpenny. (Obverse). (Reverse). 5. HaKpenny. (Obverse). (Reverse). Round a shield, the name Thomas Glevin. Round initials T. G. E. the words : In Leimington. Round a similar shield, the name Bartholomew BulHy. Round initials B.B. the words : In Limiugton. Round representation of a candle-maker, the name John Harmood. Round initials I.H., the words: Limington, 1666. Name, Phineas Wright, round circle containing : His Halfepenny. Round initials P. W. the words : In Limmington, 1667. Name John Barwick, round circle containing : His Halfepenny. Roimd initials I. B., the words: In Limington, 1667. The briefs for the church, before mentioned, in time procured a decent amount of money, which the parishioners duly laid out on reparations. They re-enclosed the dilapidated churchyard, re-fittted the interior of the fabric ; and, pulling down the south transept, built the present Tower, a plain and substantial eredtion, though without any architedlural pretensions, as was to be expedted from the time. To recall forgotten names, and to perpetuate other matters of parochial interest, we append some of the items in the Churchwardens' accounts. The Accompt of Richard Eden, and John Burrard, gent, Churchwardens of the Parrish of Lymington, for the year last past. 1670. Receipts. *For Lead, [from the old church] as by a note •■'For 6 months' interest for fifty pounds *0f Sr. Henry Titchbourne *0f Sr. WUl: Lewis *OfMrNeale .. *0f the Bishop *0f Mr Button *0f Mr Bartho: Bulkley *0f Mr WiU: Burrard . . *0f Mr Ffra: Guidott . . . . . . . . . . 10 113 19 1 10 5 10 2 10 10 10 5 REPAIRS OF THE CHURCH. 67 *0t Mr Eieh; Eden *0f Mr Jo: Burrard: his owne gift *0f the Trustees of Mr Button . . *0f Mr Guidott, for old timber *0f Mr Will: Burrard, on that accompt *0f Mr Lamport, of the Subscript'n money *0f Sir Nicho: Steward . . *( )f Mr Joyce . . *0f Rich: Pierce *0f Mr Phil: Dora *0f Sir Jo: Trott *(M Mr Bulkley, for old timber . . *(if Mr Whithead *0f Sir Tho: Badd *0f Jo: Dobbins, convict for tipling *Cif 8 Rates, at 4li. 3s. !id. per rate ♦Borrowed upon interest, of Mr Will: Burrard, in the behalf of the parrish, to carry on the business of the repairing the Church, as by bond 2 10 10 10 5 1 19 78 6 10 2 1 10 10 4 18 5 8 10 33 G 50 1672. *0f Henrj- Bower, Gen. 10 *0f George King 8 *0f Jo: Lamport 5 *0f Jo: Draper 5 *0f Mr Joyce, Vicar of Boldre 5 *0f Hen: Browne 3 *()f David Edwards 2 10 *0f Jo: Harmood 2 Disbursements, 1670. *Paid Mr Michell [builder], as by 8ev:U acquit'ces appearee . . *To him by consent, when he laid the first stone of the Tower *To Dr: Lloyd, for his paine in getting the Commission from the Bishop *To Mr Torkesley, for expenses in fetching the gifts of Sir Will: Lewis, Sir Henry Tichboume and Mr Neale *Paid by consent in discharg of two warrants for Trophy Money [the Militia service] 389 1 1 1 68 GREAT DISTRESS. 1672. *Paid Tho: Day, for going to the B:p of Bristoll *To the Belfounder, for casting the Bells . . *To the Carpenters, for hanging the BeUs . . *To Will: Taylor, for Timber to make the frame *To Mr W:m Burrard, one year's interest for 5()li due Mich;8 *For two warrants of disturbancef for Mr Tutchin and Hancock *To Mr Jenkins, for tin to put among the bell mettle *To Tho: Combes : spent upon them that hoised up the bells into the Tower, and a journey to Eomsey for the Bellfounder *To the proctor: a bill of charges for suing W:m Curtis in the Spirituall Court *To Mr Joice, for a journey to Winton to shew cause why he did not p'vide us a Minister *0f Jo: Kmg . . *Sam: Samber . . *Eob: Hutchins *Will: TiUer . *Jo: Dore *Phin: Wright *Rob: Edwards *Hen: Line *Edvv: Stacie . . *Jo: Edwards . . 4 26 12 18 5 11 3 2 1 13 OHO 6 2 10 2 1 10 1 .0 2 1 1 1 2 2 10 The communion table, now in the church, was among the new fittings of the repaired fabric. The old one had been desecrated and destroyed. It is one of those old-fashioned heavy oaken tables, which the High-church party of the Restoration irreverently termed "oyster-boards;" and bears date 1673, with the initials I.K:P.W. for John King and Phineas Wright, churchwardens. The entries in the parish books, in the same year, show the distress, and unsettled condition, of the poor, in and about the town. *For carriage of vagabond persons to Pennington *For six vagabonds : quarters for one night *For carr. of 10 vagabond persons to Battramsley 1 1 6 3 * The reader will henceforth observe that all extracts beginning with an asterisk are from the Parish Books ; and the others from the Borough Books ; from which last all the earlier notes have been taken. Our parish accounts commence in 1669 ; and the earliest Parish Register of Births, Deaths, and Marriages, begins in 1660. tTo break up a conventicle, as dissenters' meetings were still termed. Mr Tutchin was a Baptist, and the father of the rabid political partisan of ilueen .\nue's time. &=i^l :^ o Oi ::: O ■-, h, '^ a; o o a:; a, o o O a: Q o FOREST RIGHTS. 69 The following list shows the influential persons of the town in 1668 :— Mem. — That this 6th day of July, 1668, there is lent to Edward Stacy, Mayor, upon the security of the Town Lands and Eents, for the better earring on the Suite of Law now depending betweene Bartho: Bulkley, gent, and the towne : — By Edward Stacy, Mayor By Ffrancis Guidott, Gen By Will: Burrard, Gen. By John Burrard By John Edwards By Bar: Harmood Humphrey Banfield George King William Moone 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 £15 This suit against the lord of the manor seems to have been about the quit-rent due from the borough. The earliest charge in the books of the Corporation is this, (which is the amount specified by the Charter — page 4). 1616 To Mr. Campion, for rent XXX1J5. It so continues till 1620, when it is raised to £\ 12s. 1(^. In 1665 it is entered as paid to Mr. Bulkley, at the same amount ; but is raised in 1685 to £3 4s. M.; and in 1686 to £,1 12s. Id.; which sum continues to be paid down to the present time. 1670 For Forest dues 8 At the Sweinmote Court at Lyndhurst, this year, the Burgesses had their claim allowed, of common of Turbary (the right to cut turf) in the Bailiwick of Battramsley, for fuel to be spent in the ancient messuage of the Town of Lymington. Also, Common of Pasture (from May to September) of their beasts called horses and other beasts (horned cattle), paying yearly 8d. for the right. Also Common of Pannage (gathering the beech-mast) for their Hogs, ringed, in pannage time ; paying for each hog of a year old 4d., and for every one under that age 2d., at the Feast of St. Michael, 70 BULL BAITING. every year. The user had long been obsolete, even at this time ; but turf must once have been acftually burnt in the town, and the burgesses' pigs turned out on the Forest walks, to feed on the acorns, in the autumn. The claim was finally disallowed, on the ground of non-usage, at the last Forest Commission, in 1848. For warding, and keeping ye Toleseyf Books both, fayrs 6 The war with the Dutch was unpopular with all the mercantile classes ; and its termination was welcomed by the nation at large. 1 674 Paid Mr. Will: Burrard, for expenses going to Portsmouth, with Mr. Commissioner Deane, about the Key . . 15 For 1 hhd. of Beere, at 3-e Markett Crosse, when ye peace was p'claimed between us and the Dutch 15 Gave ye ringgers to drink . . . . . . 5 Spent at j'e same time, at ye Nagg's llrad, in a treat upon ye company . . . . . . 2 3 7 1675 *0f Jo: King, Mr. Legg, Wid: Samber, and 9 others, for ringing the great bell .. .. .. 12 for funerals of persons buried in the church. The next is a charge for a bull-baiting — a curious item to appear in the Corporation books : — 1675 For a rope and collar for ye hull .. .. 12 Misson, a French gentleman who was in England about this time, describes bull-baiting as the delight of all classes — ' ' They tie a rope round the horns of the bull, and fasten the other end to a ring on a stake driven into the ground. The cord is about 15 feet long. Several butchers, or other persons, or gentlemen, stand round about ; each hold- ing his dog by the ears, and when the sport begins, they let loose one of the dogs. The dog runs at the bull ; the bull, unmoveable, looks down upon the dog with an eye of scorn ; and only turns his horn to him to hinder him from coming near." &c. We will not go into all the details of this cruel sport, which remained in favour all through the eighteenth century (more or less), and was only put down by the law in 1835. There are several other entries in our Books about it, of a similar nature to f The Tolsey Book was that in which all the entries were made of goods bought and sold in the public market or fair; and was kept by a special officer. The Tolzey at Bristol still preserves its name. 2 4 4 4 4 17 13 4 4 5 OLD SIGN POSTS. 71 the above. Charles Colborne, Esq., whose bust graces the chancel of our church, was a great patron of this sport ; and often found an opportunity for indulging the town-people with the exhibition. The well-known Dr. Parr, a friend of Dr. Johnson, always attended every bull-baiting he was near, generally under the disguise of a butcher's dress. The triumph of the loyal party is shown by the following entry :— 1676 *Gave the men to drink, to help sett up the King's Arms [in the church] 1675 Eec:d for ye Naggs Head signe post .. for George signe poste (Angel) . . for ye White Lyon signe post (Red Lion) for ye Bugle signe post 1676 Eec:d of Earth: Harmood for Holm Mead for my owne shop ■ for my owne signe poste of Will: Brodsha,t for wharfing The following entries also show Church and State in the ascendant : — 1677 Paid for a gound gave to Mr. Watson, ye p'sent Minister [by the Corporation] .. .. .. 3 15 3 1677 To Mr. Ed: Sydenham, for setting up ye King's Armes in ye Town-hall To sev'll poore people, the gift of Holms Meade . . *To poore seamen cast away and taken by the Prenche]: *To Daniel Edwards, which he gave to 16 poore Dutchmen 1678 To John Colborne, for going to Xt. church with a letter f Will: Brodsha was a prominent parish man in his time. He lived on premises now 122-3-4 High Street ; and was a builder by trade. A good stone in the churchyard (as might be expected) perpetuates his memory, when far greater people have been forgotten: Hear- Lyeth- The- Body- of William- Bkadsha- Who- Was- Born- Septembar- The- 17 J6J8- And- Departed- This Life- September- 16 169S. Also, of Joseph Sheppard, grandson of William Broadsham, &c. His name is spelt in the books in various ways, — Bradsha, Bradshaw, Broadsha, Brodesha &c. and Broadsham on his grandson's inscription on the same stone. I mention this, to show how irregularly surnames were spelt, so late as 1 698, and even far on into the next century. X The French privateers greatly molested the English trade vessels ; pretending that they were Dutch. France and Holland still continued at war. 5 5 1 5 5 4 5 72 VALUE OF MONEA^ To Jo: Cranborne, for going to ye Lord Warden with a letter . . . . . . . . 6 These entries serve to show how small was the public postal accommodation. The Lord Warden was Charles Powlett, Lord St. John of Basing, who was (from the charge) probably residing at Hackwood Park, near Basingstoke, the family seat, after the sack and destrudtion of Basing House, in 1645. In this year the proclamations again increase in numbers wonder- fully, and the reason is not far to seek ; for now the nation is all aflame and aghast at the revelations of Titus Oates and his gang, in the so-called Popish Plot. 1678 To ye Serviant (pursuivant) .. .. 1 10 For reading p'clamacions .. .. .. 12 Sir John Coventry, Kt., the member of parliament whose nose was slit,t in 1671, by a number of loose chara(5t:ers attached to the Court, was this year eledted a Burgess ; which seems to show that the democratic element was still very powerful in the town. 1683 *To travellers, and poore seamen that came out of Algier (at sev'all times) . . . . . . 2 4 4 These were captives taken by Algerine pirates, who were now so daring as to infest even the English coasts ; revenging the attacks of Blake during the Commonwealth. To give a just idea of the value of money at this time, compared with the present day, I print the following items as appraised in a neighbouring county, this year, under a will: — 1680 6 acres of wheat and barley .. .. 8 10 5^ acres of pease and beans . . . . 3 6 8 1 horse and 1 old mare . . . . . . 5 16 Two cowes and 1 one yearling bullock . . 4 35 sheepe and lambes . . . . . . 3 13 4 Land was generally worth, at this time, about 18 years' purchase ; and the wages of a labourer were, on an average, 8d. per day. J fThe Coventry Act (22 & 23 Car. II. cap. i.) against cutting and maiming, was passed m consequence of this outrage. Jin 1620 the labourer received 4jrf. per day ; and in 1632 his wages had risen to 6d. per day. COLLECTIONS ON BRIEFS. 73 1682 *AUowed Will: Dod for his extraordinary care and dilligence in looking after the \y()rkmen about the Church [now being restored j . . . . . . l' Palvxam qui meruit ferat! Will: Dod little thought that his diligence would be noted two centuries after his death, but so it is : and 1 note this as well, which I stumbled on in looking over an old Burial Register. William Dod and his wife, in one grave. More proclamations again this year attest the troubled state of the times. 1681 To the Serjeant ; and for reading proclamac'ons .. 2 9 More gave to him by order of the Mayor and Burgesses 10 This was caused by Dangerfield's Plot — the Meal Tub Plot, as it was termed ; and the proclamations were to invite discoveries — against the dreaded Jesuits — and the like. One of them entirely prohibited the printing of any newspapers or pamphlets. 1682 For a stick for Jack of the Basket . . . . 7 For a bottle of brandy, at the setting in of the baskett 10 For 4 men helping to sett him in . . . . 4 The sea-mark at the entrance of Lymington River, still so called. Men's wages, and brandy too, rather cheaper than now ! These colle(5tions following, were made upon Briefs, or Circular Letters, sent round by the Bishop of the Diocese, authorizing the money to be solicited for deserving cases, such as fires, inundations, or the Hke. 1682 *Collected in the Par'sh Church of Lymington, upon the Briefe for East Budley, in County of Devon ♦For Hansworth, in the "West Riding of York. *For Caister, co. Lincolne . . *For the Maze in the p'h of St. Thomas the Apostle, and St. Olave Southwark [a dreadful fire] *For Collumpton, co. Devon 1683 *For Charlton Horethorne, co. Somerset *For Stoke-by-Qare, co. Sufiolk *For Wapping [several hundred houses burnt ^ 10 Ci 10 oj 9 « 1 lU 6 2A 3 O 2 5 8 74 RYE HOUSE PLOT. *For Bradford inundations . . . . . , 6 *For Bassenthorne, Cambridge . . . . 5 6J *For Painswick, co. York , , . . . . 5 5 *For ye fire at Newmarket . . . . . . 4 7 This system of colle(5ling money is entirely obsolete. It was attacked by the ridicule of the wits of Queen Anne's time, in the following (supposed) ludicrous examples : — "For the reparation of nine churches; collected at nine several times . . . . . . . . . . 2 7J For fifty families ruined by fije . . . . . . 10^ For an inundation, a groat, given by Lady Frances " . . 4 "Memoirs of P. P., Clerk of this parish ," printed among Swift's Miscellanies. 1682 For 2 halbeards, and crooks to hang them upon .. 11 6 For a new rope for ye buU ring . . . . 5 6 1683 Two watchmen, to garde prisoners one night, at ye Naggs Head .. .. .. .. 2 These must have been more than common prisoners, to be used with such exceptional distin(5tion ; probably they were political arrests in connection (or supposed connecflion) with the Rye House Plot, which alarmed the nation in June 1683. 1683 Of Mr Button, ye gift of Mr Button (late deceased,) to ye Towne . . . . . . . . 100 The Button family lived at Buckland ; since a farm ; but then a gentleman's residence. They were long conne(5ted with the borough ; and intermarried with the Burrards, Knaptons, and other neighbouring families; but are now extindt in these parts. The new Town Hall (6) was now in course of erection (see page 26). 1683 Paid to Mr Jon: Michell, towards ye building of ye Towne Hall (i) 1684 P:d Mr Michell for ye new building ., Eec:d of Mr Tulse, to ye new building Ilec:d of Mr Bulkley Keo:(l of Mr Blake, to wainscot ye new building 143 13 4 66 6 8 10 15 II 30 BURIALS IN WOOLLKN. 75 Burials, 1685. *Dec. 15. — Penny, de Sway, widow, was burid in Linuen ; mony paid to the Poor of this Parish, 50j. I certified it to ye Chwrchw's and Overseers the 24th day ; and they brought a warrant, wh: was served. Sam. Antrim, Miii. [of Lymington]. This entry in the parish books refers to an Aft (30 Car. II.) which made it compulsory to be buried in woollen, under a penalty of £5. It was objedled to, as common and vulgar, by the wealthier classes : — " Odious ! in woollen ! 'twould a saint provoke !" Were the last words that poor Narcissa spoke. The lines are Pope's. Narcissa was Anne Oldfield, the celebrated a(5tress. In the same year is this entry relating to interments : *For a new Bier . . . . . . 8 6 The poor classes were often buried without a coffin, even later than this time ; and a bier to convey the body had to be kept at the parish expense. " They bore him bare-faced on his bier, Six proper youths and taU," was no poetical fidtion ; but a real description of what might be often seen at a funeral. The altered times are strongly marked by the following Declara- tion, which seems to have been used as a test on the admission of Burgesses, and also of several of the Recorders, within the next few years : — I, John Dore, doe declare that their lies noe obligason upon mee, or any other person, from the Oath commonly called The solemn League mid Covenant ; and that the same is in itself an unlawfuU oath, and imposed upon the subjects of this Realm ag't the knowne laws and liberties of the Kingdom. Signed also by Eichd. Holt, Wm. Knapton, and John King. The contest at Parliamentary ele<5tions now becoming trouble- some and trying, in a small body of men with varying views and interests, an attempt seems to have been made to veil the votes 76 DEATH OF CHARLES. by means of a balloting bag. Details of the manner of proceeding are minutely laid down ; but as the following Order was soon repealed (from reasons that may be supposed) they are not worth printing after such a lapse of time. Mem:bm. The one and twentieth day of Novemher, 1677, it is ordered by the Mayor and Burgesses of this Burrough, that for ye time to com the Burgesses to be sent ye Parliam:t shall be elected by way of Bullets [^according to ye use of ye Towne and County of SouthtonrW Signed by the Mayor, Edward Edwards ; and 14 Burgesses. The accounts for the year 1684-5 are both on one page, and contain the following entry : — 1685 For pouder, beere, wine, and other expenses on ye Coronas'on Day (April 23) .. .. 5 1o for the days of the " Merry Monarch " are over, and the new king is James II. King Charles II died in February, 1685 : after lying some days ill. Reports of his recovery seem to have raised hope among some parties. 1685 '(Feb.) Paid at the news of the late King's recovery of his sickness . . . . . . • • 3 6 (Apl.) Expended at the p'clayming of his pr'sent Ma'tie (James II.) .. .. .. .. 13 To ye King at arms . . . . . . 2 10 1C85 For all manner of expenses at ye treat of ovu: two Biir- gesses of Parliam't .. .. •. 15 The new Parliament met in May 1685 ; and many hopes and fears were agitating the country, nowhere more strongly than in our own town. In June, Monmouth's insurreftion broke out, and the Mayor of Lymington (Thomas Dore) joined him with a body of cavalry raised in and about this place ; many of them, no doubt, old parliamentarian soldiers, or fanatic partizans. Sedgmoor was fought on July 6th, and Mr. Dore had to flee for his life. This explains the irregularity in the account ; besides which there is another suggestive item in 1686 : — 1686 Of ye last Mayor [Mr Dore] .. .. t The words iu italic are deleted. Monmouth's insurrection'. 77 He was excepted from the Bill of Indemnity; but nevertheless soon appears again on the scene. At the Revolution, of course he rose to eminence, and represented the town in Parliament several times. His family is extinc5l here. 1686 *Beere to the Eingera, the Thanksgiving Day (for the battle of SedgTQoor) . . . . . . 5 Underneath are the usual words : — "■Seene and approved of these accounts by us whose navies are hereunder subscribed." but no names at all are appended. The Bloody Assize was sitting at the time under Jefferies ; and, our town having been deeply implicated, the parishioners may very likely have had such cause for anxiety as to be unable to attend so common an affair as a parish meeting. " The spawn of the old Covenant " had widely impregnated the inhabitants ; and the news of Monmouth's landing had been welcomed by many. How the insurrection was crushed, is matter of history. The Duke, on leaving the fatal field, struck across the country, to gain the shelter of our town, whence, by aid of his friends, he would be enabled to cross to France or Holland ; but, as is well known, he was captured near Ringwood, before he could get here. He did not forget his friends after his condemnation, but wrote an autograph letter to some of the Knaptonf family — a dangerous missive, which (mentioning the names of individuals in a compromising manner, as well as perilling a possessor in whose hands it might be found) was soon destroyed, all but the autograph, which was carefully preserved as a relic, till about 1820, when, by particular desire, it was sent to London, to be engraved in a colledlion of autographs ; and there it was unfortunately lost, mislaid, or stolen, by some curious " snapper-up of unconsidered trifles." It is of the same family and the same period that the story is told about the soldiers who were sent to arrest a knot of adherents (of Monmouth's or the Whig party), who were assembled at the house of Mrs. Knapton,:J: over their f Often mayors — always influential burgesses — on the Whig side. J Elizabeth, wife of William Knapton, of Brokenhurst Manor, was born 1664; and was sent for her education to Salislniry, then in great renown for girls' schools. Cecilia Knapton (after- wards wife of Philip Bromfitld, Esq.) born in 1740, was Tier grand-daughter ; and had heard her grandmother relate that she saw the Prince of Oiange at dinner in the Council Chamber at Salisbury, being lifted up for ihat purpose. Cecilia Bromfield (above) often recounted the story to the late Rev. A. J. Knapton, of Boldre House ; thus carrying us back, with only one inter- mediate link in the chain for nearly two centuries, to a living witnessof the events of 168S. [Such are the dates as preserveil in the family; l)Ut a person born in 1664 would have been too old for school in 16S8. However, the fact of the old lady having seen the Prince, under the circumstances related, remains incontestable. [Mr. Knapton died in December 1879]. 78 SINGULAR NAME. pipes and punch in the fashion of the times. They had timely warning and escaped. The soldiers or constables burst into the room just too late. They found only an old lady with her head enveloped in a flannel petticoat, smoking a pipe (as she said) to cure an inveterate toothache. The house where this occurred is beUeved to be the large mansion opposite the church; which was then a town residence of the Knaptons. It has been rebuilt wholly or partially, at a somewhat later period. Of the singular names said to have been given to children in puritan times, I can find no trace ; unless " Wilderness Watson," which we now meet with, is an example. Yet we must remember that those who bore such or similar appellations would not be likely to be found on the Parish [Church] books, or in the more dignified Borough records. In 1684 the old Town Hall («) had been ordered to be pulled down, and a new Hall (b) built, as before fully described (page 26 ). The following donations were made by resident gentlemen : — John Button, Esq. (of Buckland), a legacy Henry Tulse, Esq. a donation Thomas Bulkley, Esq. „ . . Eichard Holt, Esq. ,, Daniel Blake, Esq. ,, which leads to the remark that in the good old days it was far from unusual for gentlemen and ladies, resident or native, who had a liking for the town, to leave property to the Corporation b) way of legacy. Besides Juliana Tevant's bequest, the gift of Holmes' Mead must be remembered. Perhaps in future times (if not in the present) some generous benefaftors may be pleased, in the same way, to earn the present gratitude and future remembrance of their fellow townsmen. 1686 Eor mending a wash-bill (halbeit) .. .. 16 For whipping two beggers, 2s: for beere and lioard, 4d: and makiug them a passe, 6d. . . . . 2 10 It may seem odd, but there was a regular form in use on such an occasion as this. Beggars were first whipped ; then they had an allowance of refreshment ; and they were then condu(5ted by 100 10 15 10 30 ETIQUETTE OF THE STAKE. 79 two constables to the bounds of the parish, where a pass was given to them, which among other things requested the neighbouring officers to send them on to their destination, and to treat them kindly ! The gallows and the stake had also their appropriate etiquette. Persons burnt were dressed in a flannel garment, for decency ; and one of the principal points urged, on condemnation of Lady Alice Lisle, at Winchester (1685), was, that, as she was ordered to be burnt direftly after the sentence, there was no suitable dress ready. A person sent to the Bastille was always received by the governor in formal state ; and a slow procession marched across the court (attended by all the officials) to the cell where he was to be confined. In the great French Revolution, the bag which received the head of the guillotined always held bran — not vulgar sawdust. As soon as King James was seated on the throne, the old attempts to control the Corporations of the country were revived by the Court party, in order to restrain the democratic spirit which had been dominant (more or less) for the previous twenty years. A Writ of Quo Warranto was issued against all towns where there was any doubt as to the leaning of the inhabitants ; and we, of course, were summoned to show cause why the rights, &c. of the Borough should not be seized. Burgus de Lymington. Whereas by virtue of a Writ from our Sovereigne Lord the King, directed to the Sheriffe of this county, We, the Maior and Burgesses of this Burrough, are summoned to be and appeare before our Lord the King at Westminster, on Monday next after eight day of St. Hillarj' next, to answer to our Lord the King by what warrant we clayme to have and use diverse Liberties, Priviledges, and Ffranchises, within this Burrough. Now we, the said Maior and Burgesses, whose names are under written, have, upon consultation had, ordered and agreed that a Warrant of Attorney be forthwith sent, under the Comon Seale of our Burrough, to ympower and authorize George Burrard, of Lyons Inne, in the county of Middx. Gent. Attorney in her Marties Court of King's Bench, to appeare for us. Dated this One-aud-Twentieth day of Jan'ry, Anno Dni 1687. Signed, Robert Edwards, Mayor ; and 1 7 Burgesses. William Eyre, Esq., of the Inner Temple, was also, by another entry, appointed to be the counsel in the case. The whole affair was a sham {triccum in lege), an ostensible cause for some inter- 1 15 10 4 n 1 80 THE CONVENTION. ference with the borough, just as the former one had been (page 35). No account of the trial has been reserved in our Town Records ; but, having obtained their ends as to the court interest in the borough, the Ministers seem to have made no further difficulty in the matter. The following entries refer to the suit : — 1687 To Mr W. Samber, for wine and beere for ye Corporac'on, when I was summoned to app'r before ye King witli our Charter . . . . . . . . 110 More, when the thanksgiving was for ye [birth of ye] Prince of Wales, f in wine, beere, and tobacco, and for 2 tersses of beere at ye Market Cross Pouder and shooting For my expenses goeing to London about o'r Charter For carr3'ing writings to London with Mr George Burrard P:d Mr George Burrard, for expenses for Law in defence of ye Quaranto (sic) brought against ye Towne 40 P:d at two meetings for expenses uppon ye Corporacion [at Nagg's Head] .. .. .. 18 The triumph of the Court party was brief; but the events which soon followed are matter of history, and not within our scope. The landing of the Prince of Orange and the abdication of James rendered the calling of a new parliament necessary, which is known as "the Convention," it being considered that a legal parliament could not be called while the throne was vacant. Burgus de Lymington. Mem. — That the fourteenth day of January, Anno Dni 1688, The Mayor and Burgesses of the said Burrough, whose names are subscribed, by virtue of his Higlmesse the Prince of Orange his Circular Letter, assembled att the Towne Hall within the said Burrough ; and then and there did elect and choose Eichard Holt, Esq. and John Burrard, Esq., J Burgesses, to represent us att "Westminister, att the Convention to be held the Two-and-Twentieth day of January instant [words deleted] (by the majority), according to the effect of the said Letter. The words carefully erased, and the insertion of " by the majority," seem to show that they were in some hesitation. They had reason for anxiety ; for in case of the King's return, their experience of f Afterwards known in history as "the Old Pretender." J They were alreaiiy ihe representatives of the town in the previous Parliament. THE CONVENTION. 81 the last few years must have told them what they would have to expeft. The late mayor (Thomas Dore) seems to have reappeared on the scene ; for he signs among the other Burgesses. The tide has turned : his party is in the ascendant ; and he himself is one of the members eledted for the new Parliament, to be held in March 1689. So important is the occasion that the Earl of Winchester signs among the others. Great people will, in future, appear here continually, to support their parliamentary interest among the burgesses. The overthrow of the old government seems to have unsettled peoples' minds ; and made them wish still further changes. The inhabitants at large seem to have been infecfted ; and to have thought this a good opportunity for asserting their rights against the little body of burgesses. They met ; and elefted, as their members, Thomas Jervoise, Esq.* and Oliver Cromwell, Esq.f The latter name speaks for itself; and we may reasonably suppose the former entertained views similar to those of his proposed colleague. But the return was disallowed ; and the Burgesses' choice confirmed. The Prince's party distrusted the too advanced wing of their party (to use a modern phrase). 1688 Allowed ye Messenger's expenses that brought ye Prince of Orange's Letter . . . . . . 9 P:d when King William and Queen Mary was p'claimed at ye Market Cross (Feb 1689): 1 h'hd of beere 30s., and at ye Nagg'a Head 1 h'hd of beere SOs ; and for wine, beer, and tobacco, in at ye Nagg's Head and out at ye Market Cross £470; and Drummers : in aU 796 To Mr Brodsha, for carrying letters to Tytherley [to Mr Whithed, mayor] . . . . . . 2 6 To Eichard Coleman, for going over to Yarmouth, and expenses there . . . . . . 7 To Jo: Crew and Mr Eich: Coleman, for reading p'clama- tions and [the Prince's] Declaration . . 16 In this year (1688) George Fulford, Esq. founded the Free School before mentioned (page 26). The era of " the glorious * Of Herriard Park, near Alton, Hants. t Son of Richard Cromwell, and grandson of the Protector. He resided at Hursley, near Winchester, and died there before his father (in 1705). He had before this time kept up an interest in the place (see page 64). L 82 fulford's school. Revolution " was often alluded to and commemorated in many ways ; perhaps this was one : if so, it was certainly one of the most sensible. It was intended (to use the founder's words) that youth should be taught and trained-up in Learning and the true Protestant Religion, and (more especially) the knowledge of Latin, Greek, Writing, Arithmetic, and Good Life : — all excellent things in their way, but above the capabilities of the establishment. The school was, however, welcomed ; and the Corporation placed at its disposal, in 1688, the second Town Hall (b) which they had just erecfted ;f and the Trustees entered thereon in the same year. But there were always quarrels, after the first fervour, about repairs ; neither side wishing to be at that charge. It was always a load upon the Corporation funds; and the entry just previous to its demolition is a brief sulky allowance for that purpose. Under the plea of its being obstru(5tive to the street, they were, no doubt, glad to put an end to the ever-recurring expense. When this building had been removed, the Trustees contradled with a private school in the town, to teach ten boys, children of the poorer inhabitants, a less ambitious and more useful course of learning; and so it lasted for many years. In 1886, on the foundation of the National School, the charity fund was transferred to its Managers ; and they still receive the proceeds each year. A suit was brought in the County Court some years ago, in order to get it divided among the various Dissenting bodies in the place ; but the plaint was dismissed ; the judge considering that the inten- tions of the testator were in substance properly carried out. It would appear, from several slight notices here and there, that the Burgesses used this building after it was given up to the school. They met but rarely : only about twice in a year on an average ; and they had none of the general business and multifarious applications which occupy the attention and the time of a modern Town Council or Local Board. The new Town Hall (c) will be met with a little further on. *To the Apparator, for 2 books and a proclamation about the Fast . . . . , . . . 2 f "All that newly erected Building, standing upon pillars, in the High Street." — Document in Town Chest. THE PRETENDER. 83 The Fast was on the 19th of May, 1689. Just before, was the day on which the clergy had either to take the oaths to the new government or resign their Hvings. Most of them took the oaths ; but generally with the greatest relu<5lance. Those who refused were termed Non-Jurors, among whom Jeremy Collier, Dodwell, Kettlewell, William Law, and many others, are still mentioned with respeft. 1689 Given to the ringgers, in beere, at the rejoycing for the victory of his p'sent Ma:tie, then Prince of Orange 2 6 that is, for the general success of the Revolution, which now seemed to be generally accepted by the nation. 1689 *Paid the Apparator, for a forme of praire about the birth of the pretended Prince of Wales . . . . 10 " Les absens ont toujours tort!" The unfortunate child whose birth was hailed with rejoicings (page 80) a short time before, is now merely a pretender — said to have been a suppositious child, brought in a warming-pan — which with (the Irish) brass money, and (the French) wooden shoes, was a standard jest for the Squire Westerns, of this and the next generation or two. 1690 *Paid for a proclamacon and forme of praire for the successe of the army ag:st Ireland, &c. . , 10 King William embarked for Ireland in June 1690; and the battle of the Boyne was fought in July of the same year. Easter Tuesday, 1692. *It is ordered this day, at a Publique Meeting of this Parish, that no p'son shall for the future receive or have releife from the parish, but such as shall publiquely weare on their right arme the letters P and L, which the collectors are desired to see done before they releive them. Signed by Sir Eobert Smyth, Bart, and Thomas Bulkley. The spelling of "publique" and "publiquely" might be passed lightly over, did it not mark a curious fashion in literary history. So great was the influence of the French Court at this time, on all matters connedted with fashion and literature, that it was considered, in England, a mark of good taste and good-breeding, not only to use French words instead of English ones, but to spell 84 FASHIONS IN SPELLING. English words in a French fashion. It had been the high-court style in the time of Charles I, but was now got down into the country. f The two gentlemen who signed the Order, doubtless piqued themselves on their accurate spelling. Abundant examples of this whimsical taste may be found in Hudibras, Dryden's Poems, and other works of the period. A few are subjoined, taken at random from North's Examen: — " According to his pratique and education." "And that the king was a sceUrat." "These massacreurs of the good." " His old equivoque," &c. 1693 *Paid for 3 Foxes' heads, a Badger and a Polecat's head, and a Chaffinche's head . . . . 4 4 *To Sir Robert's [man] for a badger's head . . 10 By old custom, the churchwardens of every parish were authorized to pay for the destruftion of vermin. The regulation prices here, were (for the heads) as follows : — Badger Bulfinch Chaffinch Fox . . Hedgehog 1694 *Paid for horse hire, to send away seamen that had ye small-pox, to Ringwood . . , , 3 Paid and expended when the pariter [apparitor] came to demand his fees, and when ye officers of Bolder brought ye bastard . . . . . . . . 6 *May, 1693 — Ordered that the Churchwardens doe sue aU persons to an excommunication, that doe refuse to pay their Privy Tithes or Pates to the Church. 1695 *For the Eingers, when the Plott was discovered .. 10 *More to them, when reported that the Duke of Barwiok was taken . . . . . . . . 3 This plot is the last we shall hear of. It is known in history as f See an amusing paper in the Spectator, No. 130 (July 1711), " From this place, during our progress through the most western parts of the kingdom, we fancied ourselves in King Charles the Second's reign, the people having made very little variation in their dress since that time." Is. Otter 2s.6d id. Polecat 4d id. Sparrow (doz.) 2s Is. Stoat 4d 4d. Weasel 2d lawyers' latin. 85 the Assasination Plot, and was a conspiracy by Pendergrass and others, to attack and kill King William at Richmond. The Duke of Berwick (an illegitimate son of King James) was supposed to be in England and privy to the attempt; and a reward of £1000 was offered for his apprehension. On the 20th October, two members were returned to Parliament (John Burrard, Esq. and John Dore, Esq.) It was in the height of the war with France, just after the gallant capture of Namur by the allies. Party feeling now was very strong, and seats in Parliament were getting of more value than before. The Earl of Wiltshire, Sir John Mill, Sir James Worsley, Thomas Burrard, and a number of other gentlemen's hands, are seen among the more clumsy signatures of the town burgesses. The non-burgesses, on this occasion, again tried their chance by elefting two members outside the hall, in opposition to those chosen by the Corporation. They were, John Pitt, Esq. (of a Dorset family, related to the great Earl of Chatham in after years), and William Clarke, Esq. The petition was again unsuccessful. 1697 To the Eingers, when peace was proclaymed (November) 10 This was the peace of Ryswick, between England, France, Spain, and Holland ; and the conclusion of the war was hailed by all parties with joy. The following document is curious, as showing the dog-Latin commonly used by lawyers of the period. It is merely the admission of Roger Mompesson, Esq.* a barrister, as Recorder of the Borough. His tenure of offtce was but brief; and Francis Dickins, Esq., of Gray's Inn, was appointed in his stead. Mem. — Quod 25mo die Septembris, Anno Dom. 1698, Eogerus Mompesson, Arm. juratus fuit in ofiicium Seneschalli Burgi de Lymington ; et prssstitit Sacramenta de Allegiancia et Suprematia mentionata in quodam Actu Parliamenti, Anno 13mo Caroli secundi fact.; et subscripsit declarationem infrascriptum. (Here follows the declaration against the Covenant, as on P^ge 75). * Son of Mr. John Mompesson, of Tidworth, in whose residence were played (in 1661-2) the freaks of " the Invisible Drummer." His household weie continually annoyed by the beating of an unseen drum, varied by scratching, singing, clinking of money, and other incomprehensible sounds and noises, the cause of which continued, for some years, to elude the vigilance of the sharpest watchers. Addison's comedy of The Drummtr preserves this strange affair. Tidworlh Park (late the seat of the well-known sportsman, Thomas Asshetoa Smith, Esq.), stands ou the site of the whilom haunted house. 86 ELECTION CONTESTS. January 9th, 1700. Eledlions now become still more hardly contested, for Parliamentary influence gets every year more and more valuable. The present one seems to have been very eagerly fought out, for all the votes are entered as in a modern poll-book. Thomas Dore, Esq., and Paul Burrard, Esq. were the candidates on the Whig side ;* and Jas. Worsley, Esq. and Thomas Fullerton, Esq. on the Tory side. As it may be interesting to some of their descendants to see their ancestors' politics, I give the names : — Dore and Burrard: — John Biirfott Wm. Hook Hy. Orofts, Esq. Wm. Samber, junr. Wm. Dale John Purdue, Esq. Wm. Goiddwyer John Colborne, senr. Hugh Harsnett Parkinson Odber Geo. Hastings Eoger Clutterbuck Anth. Dawly, Esq. Eob. Knapton, Esq. Rt. Hon. Lord W. Powlett Wm. Tulse, Esq. Edward Beere, jun. Henry Wale, jun. Henry Wale, sen. Ealph Hastings Francis Dickens, Esq. Eoger Mompesson, Esq. George Burrard, Esq. WiU. Urry John Dore Edward Beere, sen. Wm. Knapton, Esq. Will. Samber, sen. Edward Edwards Samuel Samber Edward Stacey Worsley and Fullerton: — John Hinton John Stacey Edward Woolley John Edwards Eichard King Henry Hackman Sir Eob. Smyth, Bt. Francis Hanbury, gen. John King Henry Lyne One for Bore only :- Paul Burrard, Esq. * These famous words, Whig and Tory, which rose into popularity at this time, had a vulgar origin. The rebel peasants of the Western Shires in Scotland, from their oat-meal porri^e mixed with xchig (whey) or sour milk, were termed Whigs; while the royalist robbers or rapparees in Ireland, from their adhering to the King (to-reagh), were called by the name of Tories. Each species is now apparently extinct ; being lost in tlie more polite terms of Liberal and ComervcUive. HURST CASTLE. 87 One for Bore and Worsley : — Wilderness Watson.* TOTAL For Dora 33 votes. » — Burrard . . 32 „ »' — Worsley . . .. 11 „ )> — FuUerton . . 10 „ This entry shows Hurst Castle still used as a prison : — 1099 To expenses when John Brent was served with a warrant, and had to Hurst Castle . . , . 4 Paid John Ashley,! for a Bull Collar and Eoape . , 14 * See page 7S. I cannot find bis name anywhere in the Church Books ; and fancy he must have been a "Trimmer," or " Occasional Conformist," at best. " Occasional Conformists base I held in detestation ; And thought the Church in danger was. From such prevarication." Old Song, — The Vicar 0/ Bray, f Lived at the corner of Ashley Lane, which takes its name from him. 88 Chapter ix. KING William's horse had stumbled over the mole-hill in Kensington gardens on the 26th February, and he died on the 8th of March, 1702 ; when " Royal Anne became our queen, The Kingdom's pride and glory": as the old song says. 1702 Paid for 14 proclamations .. .. 14 Expended by tbe Deputy Mayor* at the proclayming the Queen, and at tlie Coronation . . . . 12 5 Mem. — The ffifth day of November, 1701, Eichard Wavell paid unto Mr Henrj' Wale, sen., Deputy Mayor, the sume of Six Shillings and Eightpence, for heveing of Ballas into the Chanell, contrary to a former Order ; and also the sume of Three Shillings and Fourpence, for speaking reflecting words against the Corporation, which said money was given unto the poor of the parish of Lymington, by the said Mr Wale. Still more proclamations ! It must be recolledled that there were no newspapers ; or rather that they were scarcely ever seen in the country. News-letters, or letters partly written and partly printed, were the principal means by which news was conveyed to the towns ; or merely to the gentlemen's mansions in the country. 1 703 Paid for 1 7 Proclamations . . . . 17 Paid for pins to hang hats on, in the Town Hall , , 4 The latter seems, at first sight, a very trivial matter; yet it marks a great change in our social habits. It had hitherto been the custom to wear the hat indoors, and even at table. Evelyn, a few years before, had registered in his diaryf : — " A great cold and defluxion, from putting ofE my hat at dinner ;" but since then, the peruke or periwig, with its long flowing mass of hair, had been brought into fashion ; and the hat, instead of being constantly worn, was merely carried under the arm, as it * Robert Knapton, Esq. ; for Lord William Powlett, mayor, who lived at a distance, f See also Pepys' 1664, Vol. 3, p. 49 ; and Ncte also. VIGO REJOICINGS. 89 was found quite superfluous. Hitherto there had been no necessity for hat-pins ; but now they were become essential. 1703 Paid for beere, fagots, and powder, at Vigo rejoyciag 14 3 This was when the brave Admiral Hopson (an Isle-of-Wight man) broke the boom at Vigo, and forced his way into the harbour; engaging several men-of-war by himself, till his ship was set on fire. He remained on board, and extinguished the flames ; though half his men jumped overboard. He was knighted, and had a pension of £500 a year settled on him. The gallant admiral lies buried in the Island ; but his grave is undistinguished and unknown. There was, at this time, no custom-house at Lymington ; though the trade was of importance; so that all cargoes which paid duty had to be discharged at Southampton. In order to evidence their rights, the following application appears to have been made in August, 1707. Burgus de Lymington. Mem. — The Deputy Mayor and Burgesses of the said Burrougli, at tlie Town Hall then and there assembled, takeing into consideration a Messige sent from Richard White, Esq., then Mayor of the Town of South'ton, by Mr John Knapton, Town Clarke there, to the said Deputy Mayor, desiring leave of this Corporation to errect a Booth on Lymington Key, for their more convenient keeping a Court of Admiralty there. And the said Deputy Mayor, upon such applicac'on made, haveing given leave accordingly. Now we, the said Deputy Mayor and Burgesses, whose hands are hereto subscribed. Do hereby confirm© such leave by him given, with a salvo jure to all the rights and privilidgea of the said Corporac'on of Lymington. Signed, John Coleborne, Deputy Mayor ; and other Burgesses. The same application was made in August, 1708, with an additional request to be allowed to carry their Oar eredt through the borough, from and to the Booth temporarily erecTted on the quay ; which we may suppose was a rite considered essential to support the Southampton jurisdidtion over the river, as within the port of Southampton. Leave was given, as before, with the same salvo jure. After some litigation the matter was compromised by a branch office being established here, for Lymington, as remains to this day. Southampton, however, is, as it has always been, the principal port for foreign goods. M 90 CORPORATION FESTIVITIES. 1708 To James Baker, for the Mayor's Breakfast, at Crismas Day . . . . . . . . 3 To Eichard Eigg, which, was expended when the Duke of Bolton gave the Corpor'n a fat buck and 5 guines 19 The page is not even added up ! Perhaps the innkeeper, Mr. Rigg, could have explained this, at the time ; or the above entries may do so even now. Mem. — The 3rd of December, 1711, It was agreed, &c, that E. Warner and John Newman shall have a Lease of the Eiver from Lymington Key to St. Ambrose Dock Eeserving to the Mayor and Burgesses a power to set a moderate price for all such oysters as they shall, from time to time, have occasion of, for their proper use, &c. Signed, Paul Burrard, Mayor ; and other Burgesses. In 1713 there is an entry that he and his partners " was very much out of pockett," as might be expedted, and the lease was rescinded. If St. Ambrose Dock was near Ampress, or St. Ambrose, Farm (up the river), it must certainly have been, as stated, quite unsuitable for the purpose ; though as there was no bridge then, the tide ebbed and flowed, far up, without interruption. The spread of education (though very trifling) is indicated by the following, which is the conclusion of an Order in 1709. Formerly none of the public (generally speaking) could read, which, by the way, was the reason why all shops were indicated by sign- boards. "And we do hereby direct that a copy of this order be afiixt upon the Post at the Markett Cross, yt no person may pretend ignorance therein." {See page 23). The election for Members of Parliament was again hotly con- tested this year (1710). Party spirit was blown up to its highest pitch by Sacheverell's trial, the French war, and other similar topics. The two Whig candidates were Lord Wm. Powlett and Paul Burrard, Esq. ; the two on the other side, John Walter, Esq. and William Forbes, Esq. of South Baddesley. The two former were ele(5ted by three votes to seven on the other side ; but the unsuccessful candidates sent a petition to Parliament against the return, stating that eighty-seven inhabitants (who, though not THE HOUSE OF HANOVER. 91 Burgesses, had a right to vote, under the Charter) had recorded their votes for them out of the Hall. They were, however, in advance of the age ; and Reform was more than a century distant. Their claim was disallowed, and the right of the Burgesses proper was maintained. These entries mark the accession of the House of Hanover to the throne — " When George in pudding time came o'er, And mod'rate men looked big, Sir": — 1714 *To the Eingers, when the King (Geo. I) was proclaimed 2 7 4 *To the same, when the Bang arrived in England . . 13 6 *To the same, when the King was crowned . . 2 6 and this is the first Jacobite rebellion, in " Mar's Year ": — 1716 *To the Bingers, upon the success at Preston and Scotland, over the Eeh els .. .. .. 17 1716 *To John Cleaves, for painting the King's Arms . . 110 The King's Arms in question are those on page 71 ; and they still exist in a side passage in the church. The huge painted panels display the lion, with a leer and grin that would have suited the Merry Monarch himself ; for the date above was originally MDCLXXVI with initials C.R. for Charles the Second. The C has been altered into a G for King George, who has just "come over," and the escutcheon of the House of Hanover has been dabbed in with a slabbering brush. The date above has been altered to MDCCXVI as well as it would fit; and the churchwarden's names, Wm. Chappell and Wm. Serrell, surreptitiously supplant the original ones at bottom. "I hate the man who builds his name On ruins of another's fame." — Gay's Fables. The church, in 1720, was greatly repaired and beautified, white- washed, and painted, in true style of the Georgian era ; an event still commemorated by the date on the chancel ceiling, over the Communion Table. 1720 *Twenty Bates, this year, at £5 3s. lOd. per rate 103 16 8 *To John Veale, for 8 days work on the littenf wall 13 4 t Lillen — churchyard. 92 OYSTER PRICES. and many other like entries, record the important facSt. There seems to have been a continued necessity for it by the next item : — 1722 *By cleansing the malliesf and other weeds out of the church (sic) . . . . . . . . 10 1 1727 Whereas the Lord of the Manor of Lymington hath for some time past, and now doth, hold his Courts in the old Town Hall (6), It is hereby declared, &c. that he may continue to do so, by permission, &c. From the expression "the old" Town Hall being applied to this one, we can see that the new one (c) has been eredted ; though no diredt mention of it is extant in the books. Parliamentary contests being now so strong, it was most likely paid for by one of the two Members.:]: It was a plain building on pillars, as the other one (h), but larger ; with four long narrow sash windows, on each side of a large room, iitted up with wainscot in the style of the Georgian era, with an ornamental seat, at the eastern end, for the Mayor. Access was gained to it by a staircase in the arcade below ; but after the removal of the Market Cross, a plain stone stair was erefted instead, at the western end of the building, on the outside. A lease is granted (1727), to Northover and Bevis, of the oyster fishery in the river, " The said lessees taking of the Mayor and Burgesses of the said Burrough for the time being, no more than fourpence per hundred, for so many as they expend in their own familys." Fourpence per hundred ! Now, in 1877, they are two shillings per dozen 1 " Sing hey ! sing ho ! come let us grieve. For the good old days of Adam and Eve!" f Mallies — mallows. + It was elected by Taul Bunard, Esq. at his own expense, about 1 710. {Communicated. ) 93 C HAPTER X. WE have come down to the close of the 17th century (say about 1699) under the reign of King Wilham III. It is a period remarkable in many ways, being a time when old styles of living and of gov£;rn- ment were in a transition state. The Revolution had destroyed claims of " right divine," and introduced parliamentar}' rule, with its advantages as well as its disadvantages ; and in common life, the customs and living of the people were tending to approach more nearly to the manners of our own era. We shall therefore, in this chapter, briefly jot down a few of the principal features in the houses, habits, and home-customs of our ancestors ; having regard, as much as possible, to our own locality ; though it will be impossible, in such a brief sketch, to confine ourselves either to the exa(5l date, or to the limited confines of the Borough. The general appearance of the town has been already described in Chapter V ; and there could have been little change hitherto, except as houses were gradually altered or rebuilt. We, however, can give no idea of these, as there is probably not a single house now standing in the High Street which dates so far back as 1699.* The older buildings were low and dark, with latticed windows, and doors that went down a step into the house. Sash windows were unknown ;f and shoots to carry off the rain had not been introduced. Hence a necessity was found for the broad projecfting eaves, which may be observed in some houses of the period still remaining. Illustrations are better than a long description ; and we have preserved the features of some buildings of this era, in the plates * Perhaps the three old houies at the bottom of the High Street (Nos. 137, 13S, 139) may be; though probably of a somewhat later period. t Sashes (from the Dutch word sas, a sluice) were introduced from Holland at the Revolution. 94 STYLE OF BUILDINGS. appended ; which may be taken as the types of the gentleman's mansion, the respeftable town residence, and the tradesman's house. Pylewell and Walhampton are examples of the first class. The style of both is similar ; though widely different from their appear- ance at the present day. The farm-yard and the kitchen garden are close to the mansion in each case, while the formal flower- beds, long vistas, and parterres, are common to both. They may be supposed, at this time, to be about twenty years old : the architecture forbids our assigning an earlier date ; though the grounds, in their laying-out, may be somewhat older. Such as his house was, so was the owner. A farmer of the present day is probably his superior in education. He never travelled out of England : scarcely ever out of the county. He came to Lymington market, with his wheat, or barley, or cattle ; and took his ale with the other dealers, at the Nag's Head, on a Saturday. He presided at vestry meetings, and met the Churchwardens and Overseers at some alehouse ; where they quietly " smoak'd " a pipe and drank their ale,* over parish matters. His longest journey was, on horseback, to Winchester, at sessions or assize time, when the judges came down, and the neighbouring families met from their different seats all around. He wrote with difficulty, and laboured out his name in great letters in the parish books ; and his spelling and grammar would astonish a modern school-boy. Books were rare and scarce. If he had half-a-dozen folios in his house he was looked on as a great scholar by all the neighbourhood. His ladies had their Common Prayer Book and a devotional work or two in their closets, a few ponderous novels — Clelia ; the Grand Cyrus ; or the New Atlantis ; books that would startle modern taste : but their time was occupied more suitably (as all thought) in cooking, and carving at dinner. The time for that important meal was 12 o'clock sharp ; after that, pipes and ale, with wine or punch, occupied the guests all the afternoon, till they rose from the table or fell under it. The lively picfture of a dinner party, painted in full and to the life, may be seen in Thomson's Seasons — Autumn : — * Sir Robert Symth, Bart, of Buckland, may be taken as a type. He regularly attended the vestry meetings, was great in all parisli matters, and is often plainly mentioned by the church- wardens in such an entry as this: — "To expenses at [some inn] with Sir Robert, on parish business;" when perhaps about 3s. is expended. THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. 95 Then sated Hunger bids liis brother Thirst Produce the might}' bowl the dry divan Close in firm circle, and set ardent in, For serious drinking earnest brimming bowls Lave every soul. The laugh, the slap, the jocund curse, go round; But gradual sinks their mirth ; their feeble tongues Lie quite dissolved the double tapers dance Then, sliding soft, they drop. Perhaps some Doctor, of tremendous paunch, Awful and deep, a black abj-ss of drink Retiring, full of rumination sad, Laments the weakness of these latter times. Adventures in the field, or similar topics, that can be more easily fancied than described, furnished the conversation of the assembled guests.* The ordinary drink of all classes was ale; tea and coffee were quite unknown. Strong beer was the delight of all ; small beer was the perpetual theme of ridicule ; warm ale, or posset, was the beverage of the sick or ailing. Among those who could afford wine, port was rare ; and sherry (sack) was in principal request. Port had not yet been made popular by the Methuen Treaty; but claret (from the cask) was the staple wine ; especially among the Jacobite party, because it came from France. Punch was just coming into use ; and as it was made with oranges, the allusion to the House of Orange made it the favourite liquor of the Whig party. Ardent spirits, or " strong waters," as they were termed, were cheap and common ;f but grog was as yet unknown, at least by name.j With something or other, everybody, high and * Thus as they smm in mutual swill, the talk, Vociferous at once from twenty tongues, Reels fast from theme to theme: from horses, hounds, To church or mistress, politics, or ghost, In endless mazes, intricate, perplex'd. Sir Robert Walpole justified his obscene talk after dinner, on the plea that everybody could join in the conversation. tBrandy was is. per bottle (imge 73). Spirits were first taxed by what was termed The Gin Act, in 1736. Hogarth's picture ol Gin Lane is a testimony to its necessity. "Drunk for a penny ! Dead-diunk for twopence ! Clean straw- for nothing!" was actually put up over a cellar in London, just before the passing of the Act. J First served out as rations in the navy by Admiral Vernon (1740). From his wearing a coat made of grogram, he w.ts familiarly called " Old Grog," which application was transferred to the mixture. 96 DRINKING CUSTOMS. low, got more or less intoxicated as often as possible.* To drink hard was thought no disgrace ; but was looked on as a credit, and a sign of a good-humoured friendly person. In such mansions as we have sketched, a family coach was kept, to which the cart-horsesf were attached on Sundays or great occasions. Four, and sometimes six, were required^ to drag them through the muddy slough of the roads ; and travellers often had to procure extra horses from neighbouring farms, for additional help. The footmen attending were rustics in livery ; and their staves (now merely ornamental) were stout poles or levers, to hoist the wheels out of a ditch or quagmire. The coachman sat literally on a box, containing, under a rug, wrenches, hammers, ropes, or chains, to repair the vehicle or the harness in an emergency. As to the smaller class of gentry, a clever and witty writer§ nearly a hundred years ago (1780) touched them off with a graphic pen. His description applies to the Country Squire of about ITdO: but its general features are common to all the early part of the eighteenth or end of the seventeenth century. This sort of little gentleman would occupy such a house as we have delineated in our sketch (o). The hollyhocks, the horse-block on the green, and the "study" over the porch, can be easily realized in fancy, though some of the minor details are changed or obliterated in the course of years. This is the extracft in question : — • " Another charadler, now worn out and gone, was the country 'Squire ; I mean the little independent gentleman of three hundred * I have been told, by an old gentleman of the last century, that to walk unassisted from a dinner-table would (in his youth) have been considered very singular behaviour, if not offensive to the host ; and that on the ensuing morning a pointed message would probably be sent, to enquire whether the wine was not considered good enough, &c. &c. Those who talk, now, about the great increase in drinking habits, must tie quite ignorant of the convivial customs of a century (or less) afo. Captain Grose, the antiquary, has left a sketcli of two of his literary associates. They were both persons of good position in life : one Norroy king-of-arms ; the other a Doctor of Divinity. " Oldys was a little mean-looking man, rarely sober in the afternoon : never after supper. His favourite liquor was porter, with a glass of gin between each pot. Doctor Ducarel used to stint Oldys to three quarts of beer, whenever he visited him." Olio, page 136. f The produce [of the farm at Bunion] maintained a number of horses and men, which were multiplied by the intermixture of domestic and rural servants ; and in the intervals of labour, the favourite team was harnessed to the family co.ach. — Gibbon's Autobiography. t In Sussex, where roads were extremely bad, it was not at all uncommon to see a family carriage drawn painfully through the deep clay, by oxen, instead of horses. J Captain Grose, the well-known antiquary and humorous writer. He was a constant frequenter of Christchurch, Ringwood, and Ijmington. His sister (Miss Grose, an ancient maiden lady), will be found for many years on the old rate books as occupying the now No. 122 High Street ; then a private house, and considered a very genteel (though small) residence. o o o o q o THE COUNTRY SQUIRE. 97 pounds per annum, who commonly appeared in a plain drab or plush coat, large silver buttons, a jockey cap, and rarely without [jack] boots. His travels never exceeded the distance of the county town, and that only at assize and session time, or to attend an election. Once a week he commonly dined at the next market town, with the Attorneys and Justices. This man went to church regularly, read the Weekly Journal, settled the parochial disputes between the parish ofBcers at the vestry, and afterwards adjourned to the neighbouring ale-house, where he usually got drunk for the good of his country. He never played at cards but at Christmas, when a family pack was produced from the mantle- piece. He was commonly followed by a couple of greyhounds and a pointer, and announced his arrival at a neighbour's house by smacking his whip, or giving the view-halloo.* His drink was generally ale, except on Christmas, the fifth of November, or some other gala days, when he would make a bowl of strong brandy-punch, garnished with toast and nutmeg. A journey to London was, by one of these men, reckoned as great an undertaking as is at present a voyage to the East Indies, and undertaken with scarce less precaution and preparation. The mansion of one of these 'Squires was of plaster striped with timber (not unaptly called callimanco work) or of red brick ; large casemented windows ; a porch with seats in it, and over it a study ; the eaves of the house well inhabited with swallows, and the courts set round with hollyhocks. Near the gate a horse-block, for the conveniency of mounting. The hall was furnished with flitches of bacon, and the mantle- piece with guns and fishing-rods of different dimensions, accompanied by the broad-sword, partisan, and dagger, borne by his ancestor in the Civil Wars. The vacant spaces were occupied by stags' horns. Against the wall were posted King Charles's Golden Rules, Vincent Wing's Alvianack, and a portrait of the Duke of Marlborough: in his window lay Baker's Chronicle, Fox's Book of Martyrs, Glanvil on A2:>paritions, Quincey's Dispensatory, the Complete Justice, and a book of Farriery. * The " hullo ! " of the modem rustic. It was originally the cry " Ho-la ! " — See there ! " used by sportsmen on spying out a sitting hare. N 98 TRAVELLING DANGERS. In the corner, by the fireside, stood a large wooden two-armed chair with a cushion ; and within the chimney corner were a couple of seats. Here, at Christmas, he entertained his tenants assembled round a glowing tire made of the roots of trees and other great logs, and told and heard the traditionary tales of the village respecting ghosts and witches, till fear made them afraid to move. In the meantime, the jorum of ale was in continual circulation. The best parlour, which was never opened but on particular occasions, was furnished with worsted-work chairs, and hung around with portraits of his ancestors ; the men in the character of shepherds with their crooks, dressed in full suits and huge full-bottomed perukes ; others in complete armour or buif coats, playing on the bass viol or lute. The females, likewise, as shepherdesses, with the lamb and crook, all habited in high head-dresses and flowing robes." The roads were worthy of the vehicles. The public roads had always been nominally kept in repair by the parishes which they crossed, but in a very imperfedt manner; and at the Restoration an attempt had been made to improve them.* They were mere cart-tracks, such as we now meet in the forest wastes. People took guides, when coming to Lymington from Ringwood or Southampton. Sixty years later, a gentleman recounts how, coming from the former place, and steering his way from one hill to another, he lost the track to Lymington entirely, and found himself at Sway. To get from Lymington to Southampton was a day's journey: and coming from Beaulieu in the evening, travellers were guided by the lights in Walhampton House; which enabled them to steer their way across the great forest waste, where the road was uninclosed and undistinguishable. 'a'- Horseback was the general way in which both gentlemen and ladies made their ordinary journeys ; the former equipped in huge jack-boots ; and the latter either on pillions behind servants, or on side-saddles. The middle classes travelled by waggons, or on foot. Every stream on the high road had to be forded. There were no bridges ; and any sudden shower made the traveller up to his horse's belly in water.f The post-chaises of a latter period were not as yet introduced. * 14 Car. II, cap. 6. f Our bridge was not constructed till 1731. THE STREETS. 99 The streets we have before described {page 25). Pavement, in narrow strips, lined with pebbles, formed the footway. Here and there, before some houses of the better class, were short rows of trimmed lime-trees, a fashion then of recent introduction, from the example of Louis XIV, at Versailles.* The gutters were unpaved ; and were mere ditches, into which all the loose filth of the place ran, after having been thrown out on the road or pavement. They poured, in rainy weather, into the river at the bottom of the town, a black torrent, which in winter congealed into a think casing of foul ice, forming a rapid slide for the youths of the town. No lamp of any kind illumined the darkness. As there were no newspapers, the public-house was the news- room of the place. The different inns attrafted regular frequenters, according to their position in the town ; and a number of alehouses (which required no license) were a support to many " Goody's," as they were called ; and there the populace indulged in their favourite drink and congenial society. Nearly everybody (whether Church- man or Dissenter) went to his respedlive haunt in the morning for a whet, and in the afternoon for a refresher ; closing in for an evening's sitting about 6 or 7 ; and returning about 9 or 10 in a more or less muddled state : a practice which was then con- sidered social, friendly, and respectable. A good idea of the difficulties of travelling in 1699, may be gathered from the following sketch, which relates to Epsom about this period. Its conveniences for locomotion would hardly be tolerated now in a village : and we are as near London (as to time) as Epsom was in 1704 : — "In two or tkree hours I can be in London ; and I can receive all the public newsf as well, and almost as soon, at Epsom ; several stage coaches going and returning every day ; with town and country waggons more than once a week • not to mention the ordinary post, that arrives every morning, Sundays excepted." — (Toland's Discription of Epsom.) There was a postal service : but of such a kind as raises our astonishment ; though it was no doubt sufficient for the meagre *The avenues of lime-trees in the churchyard were planted before 1690. The Grove is of the same period. The trees were of a good size in 1720 : as I have seen that date, in large figures, on one of the tranks on the south side. f The floating rumours ; not news-papers. 100 POSTAGE CHARGES. requirements of the period. It went to London every other day, and returned in the interval. It was carried by a horseman in a saddle-bag before him. The price of a single sheet of paper was 4.d. ; and every addition, however slight, made it a double letter, 8d. ; or a treble letter, Is. ; an ounce weight was IsAd. But the news-letter was the great means of distributing informa- tion on political subjetfts. Persons in London made a trade of supplying their subscribers in the country. The writer sauntered about and picked up all such news as might be interesting to his patrons, from coffee houses and places of resort ; and then printed it on a thin sheet like a letter, which he sent by the post. This was at its destination in about three or four days. It was handed about from one great house to another all round the neighbour- hood ; thence it got to the parson and the tradesmen of the borough, in whose hands it fell to pieces, after being thumbed over and over at the club or fireside. Some of the greatest people kept private writers in pay, to write closely-written long letters, on matters more particularly interesting to their own circle.* Such as the higher classes were, so were the middle and lower classes. Among the shopkeepers, reading and writing were almost totally unknown ; and if by chance one was in advance of his age, books were quite out of his reach. The Borough and Parish accounts, simple as they were, had to be drawn up by an attorney or professional writer.f The shops of the town were without glass windows, and were merely open bulks like fishmongers' or butchers' stalls. The windows of the dwelling houses were latticed, and glazed with coarse green glass, which hardly allowed light or vision. The houses were roofed-in with tiles or thatch ; built with timber intermixed with plaster or brick ; of which some few examples ma}' be found remaining. They were all, without excep- tion, low, dark, and unhealthy. The trades were very different, both in name and number. There were, of course, some of those necessary sorts, without which life could not be carried on (page 42) ; but there is no mention of * I heard of an old lady, who, when she heard any remarkable fiction, used to say to her daughter: "Child! go into the other room and write that down." — "But, mamma, it isn't true ! " — " Never mind, dear! It'll do for the next letter to the country." f For then (about 1745) few tradesmen were able to read. MS. in possession of the. writei\ PRECEPT AND PRACTICE 101 a painter and glazier, or boot or shoemaker. Such a person as a bookseller, printer, or stationer, is totally unheard of : neither trade existed here till a century later ; and if it had, its master would have been as bare of customers as if in a desert. The parson, the parish clerk, and the exciseman, were the three educated worthies, whose opinion as " scholars," was listened to with deference. The Reverend thought it noways improper to take his pipe and pot every evening, at the Nag's Head, or one of the other taverns. There he smoked, in the company of his church- wardens and parishioners, and discussed parish maters, or delivered his opinion on politics in general ; good sound orthodox doctrine we may be sure. The exciseman was the other oracle, who was on an equal footing with the parson ; but the clerk occupied a lower position, and was equally important at some ale-house near the church, as became his station. An anecdote, which I have been formerly told, will illustrate this state of society better than a laboured description. Odadiah Newell, the elder,, was churchwarden in 1740. The reverend curate's name has escaped me. One Saturday evening they were taking their usual refreshment at the Nag's Head, and a very seducing run of ale prolonged their sitting till the small hours of the Sunday morning, for there were no closing regulations in those times. The sermon on that day happened to be on Moderation, which the Reverend descanted on most fully. After service, the two friends, parson and churchwarden, walked down the street together, when the following conversation ensued : — (Parson) " What did you think of the sermon ? " (Churchwarden) "Very good. But {here they passed the Nag's Head) don't you think we sat ra — ther late, last night ? " (Parson) " Hush ! hush ! Not a word of that ! If the story gets about, we shall have all the parish there — drinking up that ALE ! " 102 8 Chapter xi. UR ninth chapter brought us down to 1727. We must now beg the reader to go back a httle way, in order to introduce a different subje(5t, which somewhat breaks the continuity of the years. After 1709 there are no more accounts entered in the Town Book, in the old-fashioned simple way which has furnished us with extra(5ts till now. The age is getting too far advanced ; and such matters are left to mere parish and vestry meetings. The Town Clerk henceforth will attend to these small items, and leave the Burgesses to their more elevated consideration of Parlia- mentary eledlions. The standing order, too, signed by each suc- cessive generation from 1622 down to 1713,* ceases, at this period, to be noticed ; and, with the quiet of the Georges' reigns, a torpid unexciting period of many years glides by, with only now and then a struggle on the part of the commonalty to share in the right (and profit) of elecSting the Members of Parliament. The power of the Burgesses is dominant ; and the rule of the Burrard and Powlett families over the^n, is equally absolute. There are no contests — merely a nomination of some gentleman recommended by the Minister of the day, who is invariably chosen without hesitation or discussion. [I may here state that our Mace is of this era, though no notice of it occurs in the Books. It is of large size, made of silver gilt ; the arms at the top of it showing the Hanoverian escutcheon. The upper part lifts off, and the lower handle can be unscrewed and removed ; the centre and head forming a huge goblet, which will hold one or two bottles of wine. It was always passed round on festive occasions, as a loving cup ; one old Burgess (it was whispered) always making it a point of honour to empty it, as soon as it came into his hands]. * See page 48. THE TOWN BOOKS. 103 The books we have before described are themselves types of the people who used them. The first we have mentioned {page 29), was a little shabby foolscap folio, sufficient for the meagre accounts and entries of those days, when writing was a rare and painful accomplishment. The second was larger and more dignified. In it the hand-writings changed, from the old engrossed and laboured characSter of James Ist's time, to the formal letter of the Common- wealth, ending with the lighter flowing hand of the gentleman, or the still old-fashioned entry of the salaried clerk. Cavalier and Roundhead had hurried through our street to sign in this book ; the Revolution of William and Mary's time had brought supporters or enemies together ; and all in turn had given way before the one great leveller, and gone to rest quietly in the churchyard, under the shadow of the church itself, which still (though much changed) looked on, while every other thing — both houses and men — had passed away. A new Town Book introduces us into a new era. The old disturbed times have given place to a more settled government, to regular Parliaments, and to all the blessings and inconveniences of the Hanoverian dynasty. It appears to have been presented by Paul Burrard, Esq. in 1710, on the occasion of the contest mentioned on page 90, the primary purpose of entering, in a clear and distinft manner, the results of that and other contested eledtions ; the old book having become much dilapidated in the course of years. Those entries are accordingly made in it, in all the glory of clerkly skill ; but after that period it does not appear to have been used for minor matters until the old book was filled up. Then (in 1729) it contains the regular notices of all proceedings, which, however, lack the piquancy and interest of the rude entries of former years. It is an enormous folio, bound in ponderous covers of heavy rough calf-skin, bearing two massive brazen clasps, and with edges whose tarnished gold still attests their past splendour. The size of this huge volume is 21 inches high, 15 inches broad, and 4J inches thick. Its interior is stout drawing paper, and it weighs more than a quarter of a hundred-weight.* Its ponderosity has prevented * " But thy great dead tomes, which scarce three degenerate clerks of the present day could lift from their enshrining shelves are very agreeable and edifying spectacles. I look upon these defunct dragons with complacency Our ancestors had everything on a larger scale than we have hearts for. — Essays of Elia — " The South-sea Hotise." 104 A PONDEEOUS BOOK. its use for nearly a century (1711-1805) and two-thirds of this great volume is untouched. At that rate it would have taken at least 200 years more to have arrived at the last page, during which time it would doubtless have recorded a curious transition-state of things ; but the fates ordered it otherwise. On the cover is this label, in the old blundering style of the book-binding art of the period. BURGUS DE LYMINGTON IN COMITATU SOUTHTON. EX DONG PAULI BURRARD, armigeri, burgeusis eiusdem burgi. 25 March, 1711. On the first page is the following Memorandum engrossed in huge letters and the blackest ink, by a clever penman ; though our type will convey no idea of the important look of this and the following four pages, which contain a full account of the proceedings in the House of Commons with regard to the contested eledtions in 1689, 1695, and 1710. Anno Decimo Anne Regine (a.d. 1711). "at iLi)miiT2;t0it, ss. Z^bt imager aittr iSurgc^^es, this day assembled in their STfflUtT ?§?an> talcing into their Considerac'on That a due care and Method in the regular keeping and preserving the Ancient Books, Records, and Writings of the 330r0USft is of the utmost consequence for maintaining and defending the Rights and Priviledges thereof, which doe entirely depend thereupon: ^ItU that Paul Burrard, Esq., one of the Burgesses of this Borough (towards the advancement of soe necessary a service) had caused this 330Oft^ and a O Q a: IMPORTANT ENTRY. 105 ^tVOllQ mftt^t to be prepared and made for the purposes aforesaid, and had presented the saine for the use and benefitt of this said Borough: CfttD, tfte dfftTT iHapcrr antt asurgc^drd, have this day ^QVteXif and doe hereby McclHVt SVClS #Vtff 1% That the said Booke and Chest be henceforth made use of as and, for the Book and Chest of this Borough, ^tttf that all the Orders, Acts, and Decrees, hereafter to be made by the Mayor and Burgesses for the time being, shall be fairly written and entered in the said Booke, and signed by the said Mayor and Burgesses soe making such Orders, Acts, and Decrees : ^tttJ that the said Chest shall be placed and kepi in the Town Hall,* and all the Books, Records, Deeds, Writings, and Papers ivhatsoever, of and belonging to the said Borough, togeather ivifh the Col*|)Orflr*0lT ;^tEltf shall be carefully putt into the said Chest, and he there preserved and kept for the future, under two different Locks. One of the Keys whereof shall he kept by the Mayor for the time being, or his Deputy, and the other by the Town Clerke for the time being. Next follow the full particulars of the contested ele(5tions in question. Their interest has entirely passed away, and it is useless to print everything at full length. However, this being intended as a book of reference, we give the fafts and dates in a condensed form ; appending the evidence of burgesses living at the time, which serves to re-vivify some moss-covered names on the old churchyard stones. Burgus de Lymington, ss. Whereas divers attempts have of late years been made upon the Rights and Priviledges of this Borough, by endeavouring to sett up and vest a Right in the Inhabitants or Populace of this Towne to joyne with the Mayor and Burgesses in the Eleftion of Members to serve in the Parliament for this Borough, contrary to all antient usuage and custome, which attempts have hitherto been happily frustrated, and the Rights and Priviledges of this antient Borough have been confirmed by the just determinations of severall Parliaments ; Now for as much as the said determina- c'ons in Parliament are and will be of the greatest Importance to this Borough, in case any attempts of the like nature shall * The third Town Hall (c), pulled down in 1858. 106 CONTESTED ELECTIONS. hereafter be made, and therefore ought to be had in perpetual Remembrance : Itt is this Day ordered by the Mayor and Burgesses in the Town Hall assembled, That the several Reports and Procee- dings in Parliament relating to the Right of Eledling Burgesses to serve in Parliament for this Borough, be fairly transcribed and entered in this Booke, for the benefitt and information of Posterity. Martis, vicesimo-nono die Decemhris, iij Gulielmj et Marice. UroJT the petic'on of Thomas Jervois and Oliver Cromwell, Esqrs., com- plaining of an undue Returne of Thomas Dore and John Burrard, Esqrs., &c. For the Petitioners : — Returns of the 26th, 28th, 30th, 39th, and 43rd Ehz. were produced, which said that the Mayor and Five Burgesses, and Four more in the Return named, and others of the Community, elected. For the Sitting Members : — Returns of 1st and 21st James I; 1st, 3rd, 15th, and 16th Car. I; were produced, which said that the Mayor and Burgesses elected. Christopher Cleeves said he had known Lymington 16 or 17 years. And that in his time the Mayor and Burgesses always elected; and particularly has known Mr. Burrard elected four or five times ; and never knew the commonalty elect. Mai'tis, vicesimo-octavo die Fehruarij, viij Gidielmj tertij. Upon the petic'on oi John Pitt, Esq. and William Clarke, Esq. complaining of an undue Election and Returne of John Burrard, Esq. and Thomas Dore, Esq. for the Borough of Lymington. For the Petitioners: — Returns to the eStct as before mentioned. For the Sitting Members : — Returns of James I and Charles I, to the effect as before mentioned. To prove Lymington a Corporation, were produced two ancient deeds, viz : — One dated Die Veneris in ffesto Scti Cuthherti, 7 Edwd. III.* being a Grant from the Burgesses and Community of the town of South'ton, to William Littlecare and Roger Gust, of New Lymington, and the Burgesses, of certain *This deed was lost before 1726. CONTESTED ELECTIONS. 107 privileges. Another deed dated 10 Hen. I\' wns a grant, by Robert Draper (who is called Prepositus) of Newe Lymington, and the Burgesses of the said town, of a piece of land, to John Pepwhyt, &c., under the common seal.* Anno nono Annce Regince. Upon the petic'on of John Walter, Esq., and William Fforbes, Esq., com- plaining of an undue Election and Eeturn of the Lord William Paulett and Paul Burrard, Esq. Returns were produced on both sides (as before mentioned.) Jfohn Edwards sayd he has been a Burgess fifteen years, and has known the Borough above five-and-thirty years. That, about the time of the Convention (1688), he was a scot and lot man, and then severall of the Burgesses sent to him and told him he had a right to vote, &c. and asked him wliy he did not try that right. That, at two elections, the votes of the populace have been asked, viz., by Mr Jervoise and Mr Cromwell, and Mr Pitt and Mr Clarke, the then candidates, who stood by the populace. And in both these elections, Mr John Burrard stood, as a candidate, by the Mayor and Burgesses. That those elections were contested, and the votes of the populace were then neglected by this House, and the persons chose by the select number satt in Parliament. And, since that, the populace have not voted. Sir Robert Smyth sayd, when ho was Mayor of Lymington, (about twentj' years agoe), he refused to make Honorary Burgesses ; and his deputy, David Edwards (who was above ffourscore years old), comended him for itt. For he sayd it had never been well with the town since the Inhabitants had lost their right of voting. That Edwards meant it would never be well with the Town till the right was restored. But did not say he ever knew they had such right. That the Inhabitants thought they had the right of voting ; and that they ■were injured by the Honorary Burgesses, who took it from them. Charles Hackman sayd there are about 70 Burgesses, of which 15 or 16 art; Inhabitants. And that there are near 100 other Housekeeper Inhabitants who are not Burgesses, but are generally in as good a condition as the Burgesses, and all pay to Church and Poor, except about four of thom. That, at the last Election, the constable refused the petitioner admittance into the Town Hall ; and 'tis usuaU to shutt out aU candidates, and others, who are not Burgesses. 'Printed on page 25. 108 CONTESTED ELECTIONS. The result was that the right of the seledt Burgesses was confirmed ;* and they continued the eledlors, to the exclusion of all other Inhabitants, till the Reform Bill of 1880. Motives of policy no doubt influenced the House, and the smaller body was considered the safer to deal with. But, since then, the origin of Corporations has been examined with a cool and impartial spirit ; and the right of the Inhabitant Householders cannot now be denied ; while the manufadture of Honorary Burgesses (strangers from a distance) was a violation of all the principles of the original Borough Constitution.f But these fadls have all passed into the dim and shadowy limbo of long-forgotten things, and have no living interest for the present generation. Burgiis de Lymington. Noia Burgens. in Elecone p. Majore p. Burgo p'dict. die SoUb pr. post ffestum Sti. Mathei Apostol. vicessimo octavo die Septembris Ano Dni 1727. (Paul Burrard, Esq., had 26 votes, and was chosen). This may serve as a httle exercise in translation for some young antiquary ; and I leave the contractions to be filled up, " pro visu et discrecione." * "The populace" — "happily frustrated" — "just determination," &c. One would like to know the opinion of those who lost their cause : — ' • videres hominem dejectum, si pingere Leones scirent. " — The Lioii's reply ^ in FhiEdrus. f See Exemplification of the Judgment on a Quo Warranto, 21 and 22 Elizabeth (1579). The original Charter has been lost since 1 726, and is not now in the Town Chest. lOrf W Chapter xii. E now approach more modern times ; and resume our extraiils from the Town Books, in the era of powder and periwig — under the reign of George I. 1723 *To expenses on the Ffordingbridge singers .. 110 *To the singing-master, for learning the poor boj's 110 These entries allude to an actual attempt at regulating the musical vagaries of country choirs, all over the kingdom, which at this time was tried (though in vain) to be carried into effedt.f *Expenses at a meeting \^at a public -house'] to place out parish children . . . . . . G *Expenses at three meetings, aT)oiit Snook's family Oil 5 Such were the rude attempts of our early poor-laws, to provide for parish children. They were allotted, or apprenticed, or put-out in some way, to parishioners, generally of a low and unsatisfactory class, though there were occasionally exceptions. 172-4 *Paid to 4 Algireen slaves 1726 To postage of a I're from Mr. Dore . . To postage of 2 I'res to Southampton We can see, from these entries, an improvement in the Postal Service since the days of the Commonwealth. Letters are not now sent by private hand ; though the cost must have prevented the public from any general use of the Post. f " Now was the long-expected time aiiivecl when the Psalms of David should be hymned into the same tunes to which he played them upon the harp (so I was informed by my siiiginc-master, a man right cunning in psaUnody) We had London singing-masters sent to every parish, like unto excisemen and the church, on the Sunday, was filled with tliese new hallelujahs." — Memoir/^ of F. P., ctr. [Printed in any edition of Dean Swift's Works, to which reference can be made by the reader. J 3 6 4 7 110 A NEW KEIGN. 1727 Ordered that tbe Town Clerk do receive the rents, and do account for the same, &c. The Mayor now is too great to receive and disburse the sums due to the town, from the Town Chest, as in the simple times of old. A new funcTtionary is appointed to attend to these matters and to keep the accounts, which have always, hitherto, been " stated " and paid for, as special service by some inhabitant of clerkly skill. Reading and writing are now somewhat more common, though still rare. 1728 *To expenses at ye Nagg's Head, with Sir Eobert, and others, in Barth: Skeats' aiiair . . . . 2 6 The "Sir Robert" is Sir Robert Sm\th,t Bart., of Buckland, who was very constant and aiftive in all parochial and borough meetings. The others are the Churchwardens and Overseers ; who meet at the Nag's Head, to debate parish matters over a pipe and a pot. 1727 *(Oct. 11). His Ma'ty's Coronation (George II) To ye ringers, at Jenok's ; and for two leggs of Mutton 13 3 1730 *Gave some cast-away seamen .. .. 2 In the well-known work, Memoirs of Bampfi/lde Moore Carew, Kivg of the Beggars, he mentions his begging along the countr}', as a cast-away seaman, who had landed at Lymington, and there, disposed of the boat in which he and his companion had saved themselves. For aught I know, this may have been the vaga- bond in propria persona, if, indeed, the statement has any real foundation. * June 11 To ye Eingers, ye King's inagurasou .. 6 8 *15 To ye Eingers at 3'e Proclamation .. 8 The word " inauguration " seems to have sadly puzzled our f Grandson of Sir Robert Smyth, of Upton, Essex, who was created a Baronet in 1665. He succeeded to the title on the death of his father ; and m. Anne, dau. of Henry Whithed (or Whithead) of Tytherly. He was Member of Parliament for Andover in 1695; and resided at BucUland : several of his children were born here. Was mayor in 1689, and gave evidence before a Committee of the House of Commons relative to the contested election for this borough ia :7io. (Pa'je 107). THE BRIDGE CAUSEWAY. Ill scribes, as it occurs, in another place, with still odder spelling than here. Die Mercurij, otu de Januarij, anno Dni 1731. Whereas Captain Cross hatli lately erect(>(l across the Eiver a Bank or Dam. whereby it is apprehended the uavigatiou will be greatlj' iujured, (if not in time totally destroj-ed), unless some method Le taken to prevent it : It is there- fore ordered, that the Town Clarke do state a proper Case, and lay the same before Counsell, and report his opinion to the Mayor and Burgesses, when assembled att the Town Hall ; and that the Town Clarke doe bring an Act' on of Trespass against the said Captain Cross, att the suite of the iMayor and Burgesses, for digging and carrying away the Land at Bridge Green, which was then in the possession of the Corporation. Chas. A. Powlett, Mayor ; and many Burgesses. A suit was accordingly commenced against Cross, but no par- ticulars are recorded in our book. The bridge remains to this day ; so that the Corporation were either beaten, or they com- promised the matter. The right was claimed under an old grant of King Charles I to the heirs of Robert Pamplin, Esq., of all the great tracT; of mud-land on the south coast of Hampshire, which was supposed to be of value, perhaps in connexion with Lord Clarendon's scheme for improving Christchurch Harbour, and making a canal thence to Salisbury. Embanking land from the sea* was the most fashionable scientific pursuit of the age ; and canals were just beginning to be projected and carried out : though the latter scheme to Salisbury fell to nothing, Christchurch harbour being found incapable of improvement. The scheme was then transferred to Lymington ; but, languishing some time, at last expired. A printed sheet, formerly in the Town Chest, entitled Tlie Lady Wandesford's Breuiat, recited that "The late King [Charles I.] of blessed memory, by his letters patent, dated 14th July in the fourth year of his reign, for a great debt and faithfull service done by Eobert Pamplyn, Esq. to Queen Elizabeth, Kinf James, and his late Majesty (all of whom he served as Yeoman of the *The great Embankments of Lincolnshire were made during the reigns of Cliarles I ami Charles II. The innermost part of our Oxey was reclaimed by some Dutchmen in the latter reign. The derivation of the name Oxey is dubious ; perhaps it has relation to Axholme on the Bedford Level, where some of the men may have worked. (Jf iis more recent names ( Normandy or Newfoundland), one was given (iSio) by its owner (a great radical), from Cobbett's farm .at Nofmandy near Alton, which then occupied much of the pulilic attention, through Cobbett's writings : the other is a jocular appellation by the public, referring to its recovery from the sea. 112 THE RIVER SILTING UP. Robes) did graat to Dame Mary, widow of Sir George Wandesford, and Margaret his sister, daughters and co-heirs of the said Eobert Pamplyn, certain Marish and Ouzy Lands, usually over-flowen by the sea, within the County of Southampton ; rendering rent to the King, fourpence per acre when gained, &c" A Robert Pamplyn (son probably to the Yeoman of the Robes) served in the Earl of Cleveland's regiment in the Civil War. His sister, widow of Sir George Wandesford, of Kirklington, co. York, held a salt-work opposite the Town Quay, under this grant, so late as 1661, when she executed a lease of it to James Studley. With the decay of the salt-manufadture, the right appears to have sunk and been forgotten, as of no value. It has never been claimed for more than two centuries, and it is not known to whom it may have descended. The fears expressed by the burgesses, as to the detrimental adtion the bridge-causeway would exercise in the river, were well founded. Back-water being prevented from accumulating, the scour has been inefficient to prevent the mud accumulating seriously in the lower reaches, and about the quay. Vessels of large size, which could formerly lie there, now find it impossible to do so ; and, the process continually going on, it will be necessary, before many years, to form a new port or landing-place at some locality nearer the river mouth, the railway probably being made to run by or under the town, to a station nearer the entrance of the harbour. f 1735 *Gave, by order, to the prince of the Moranites .. 10 G Apparently some one (perhaps an impostor) who called him- self a Maronite (a seft of Syrian Christians). 1735 *To Mr. John Payne, for Lyme trees, as per bill . . 2 12 11 *To Mr. Walton for 150 stakes .. .. 15 These must be some of the younger trees still forming the beautiful avenues in our churchyard. The following entry refers to the second Town Hall, which, it must be remembered, stood in the centre of the High Street, close to New Lane (page 26) : — [fThe Railway has since been extended, and a Pier Station erected a slioit distance down the River.] 19 2 6 10 2 1 6 6 18 6 4 1 U (JHKAT FHOST. 113 Fryday, the 3rd day of October, 1736. It is this day agreed by th.e Mayor and Burgesses assembled iu the Town Hall (c), that a lease be granted of the Old Town Hall (6) to William Braxton, for the Term of Seven Years, &c. at the yearly rent of Fforty Shillings ; under the following Covenants &c. to keep in re2)air, &c. 1737 *Allowed Sir Robert Smyth, for Buckland, overohargud 5d. a rate, for four rates . . , . 18 showing that Sir Robert, in looking to parish business, was care- fully attentive to his own also. 1739 *Paid for 115 dozen Sparrows' heads *17 Stotes 28. lOd. 24 Hedgehogs 4s. *1 Ffox head and 1 Otter head 1742 *159 dozen Sparrows' Heads ♦Ffoxes' and Badgers' heads 38 Hedgehogs', Stotes', and Polecats' heads 2 dozen and 3 Bulfinches' heads Vermin were much more plentiful than in these days of careful cultivation : yet such entries were often mere blinds to cover private expenditure. A fox's head (in a hunting parish) would now be looked askance at. The Great Frost of 1739-40 was remarkable all over Europe for its intensity. It began on Christmas Day, and continued till the end of Januarj-. The Thames was completely frozen over; and a fair was held on it. Coals were two shillings a bushel in London ; and water was a greater expense than coal. The necessities of the working classes were very great everywhere ; all trade and work being impossible, on account of the intense cold ; but never (says an old account) were greater charities bestowed on the poor than at this time. The following entry (it must be remembered) is only the official contribution of the Corporation. January 16th, 1740. The Mayor and Burgesses of this Borough, being assembled at the Town Hall, have consented and agreed to distribute to the poor of the parish, the sum of Ten Pounds, on account of the severity of the sea.son of the year, in Bread and Meat. P 114 THE SALT DUTIES. The intense cold of this eventful winter is curiously exemplified in the following extradl of a letter dated January 1st, 1740: — " Books being now laid aside, our chief study and care is how to thaw our eatables and drinkables, as water, milk, beer, &c. My wine is tolerably strong, yet the whole freezes into a solid mass : bread cannot be cut, without being set by the fire near an hour: in the same manner we serve our butter, and also oranges, which otherwise are as hard as stone. Boiling strong punch, put into a bowl, presents us with ice in eight minutes : my barber coming yesterday to shave me, put some hot water into his basin below stairs ; and in the time he was coming up to my chamber it began to freeze. .Spittle freezes before it falls to the ground. But what is yet more remarkable, a gentleman of my acquaintance having procured a bottle of water from a well that was not frozen, on going diiectly to pour some out into a glass, it immediately became ice. What is yet more surprising — part of the stream, from the bottle to the glass, froze, and stood up in the tumbler, like an icicle. The like certainly never before was known in these climates ! Three persons were found frozen dead in one house, yesterday morning, and some others are since dead." 1741 *Paid for ringing on Admiral Vernon's destroying the forts and castles at Carthagena . . . . 10 *To the Eingers, at ye news of taking Carthagena, and three men-of-war . . , . . . 6 8 The Admiral was a most popular hero — the Nelson of his day ; and his deeds were the theme of universal rejoicing. His victories (like most others) cost money ; and, among other taxes, the salt duty was raised i;i,'.iOO,000 this summer (1741), by an extra duty of 5s. or a quarter per cent. Sir Robert Walpole's majority was at this time decaying; and some attempts had been made to remove him from office by a vote of censure. The endeavour had hitherto been unsuccessful . yet the Opposition was sanguine in expeftation ; hence the prophecy: "The Great Bashaw will not reign long," &c. in the following Ballad, which was doubtless intended to animate the Tory party to a new attempt in the parliament which was just about to meet (Dec. 1741). The ballad should seem to be more properly termed a "Com- plaint," rather than a " Delight," for it conveyed a groan from our salt-manufadturers, who vented their anger and vexation in the following strains : — AN. OLD BALLAD. 115 THE PREMIUM: OR The Poor Saltern -Man's DELIGHT. A NEW BALLAD. To the Tune of the, Coutillion. A LL you that are for Liberty, In a Cause so glorious, Join Hand and Heart to set us free From Practices notorious ; And if Don Blass shou'd dare oppose, To the Grinding-Stone we'll hold his Nose, And we'll sing by Beat of Drum, Down, down, down with the Pe^mittm ! II. For Freedom is a glorious Cause, Well known to ev'rj' Byiton, Supported by the Nation's Laws, Founded for us to sit on ; Then One and All let us defend This precious .Jewel to the End, And we will sing by Beat of Drum, Down, down, down with the Premium ! m. A Crown above the Duty laid, AfEects aU other traders ; For all your Debts must go unpaid, By Means of such Invaders : Eowse up, my Lads, be void of Fear, Those Shackles you shall never wear, For we will sing by Beat of Drum, Down, down, down with the Pr^emiuji ! 116 AN OLD BALLAD. IV. To make us pay beyond the Law, It is a Curse most cruel. To sink it in his greedy Maw, Makes us drink Water-gruel. Whilst he topes Wine and Punch gullore, And starves all those on Sea and Shore ; Yet we will sing by Beat of Drum, Down, down, down with the Premium ! V. The boasted Power of the Don, May make this hard addition ; But let your Votes be all Nem. Con. 'TwUl mend your sad Condition. Fear not the Man who spares no pains. To clinch and rivet on your Chains ; For we will sing by Beat of Drum, Down, down, down with the Pilemium ! VI. This Great Bashaw will ne'er reign long, His Tricks are so notorious ; And you'll find this as true a Song, As e'er was sung in Chorus. Then never fear, the Quarter per Cent, Shall, with a Whiff, to the Devil be sent ; And we wiU sing by Beat of Drum, Down, down, down with the PR.aEMnjM ! VII. Brave Vernon when arriv'd in fight, Don Blass* wou'd never Face him ; The Second Don will take his Flight, By Pride the same you trace him. Be bold and brave, fear not his Clinch, Nor bate an Ace or single Inch ; But ever sing by Beat of Drum, Down, down, down with the PrjEmium ! * " Don Btasn " means Don Bias de Leso, governor 'bf Carthagena, when captured by Adniiial Vernon. The "Second Don," "The Great Bashaw," is Sir Robert Walpole, then Prime Minister. COCK SK AILING. 117 1742 *Pai(l at severall times playing the Engine, and moving him to and from the Guardhouse . . . . 5 *Paid for a tarpaulin, and fixing him on the scuddle upon the Tower .. .. .. 2 6 The "Scuddle" is the cupola on our tower, so familiar to every parishioner ; but the use of the word (except in coal-scutttle) has quite ceased. The Honourable Charles Wallop, Esq. (sic) was ele(5ted a burgess in 1742. There is nothing remarkable in this, except as showing that " Honourable," like " Reverend," was a mere courteous appellation. 1746 *2 Ringing days, at defeat of the Eebels ; and Duke William's birthday .. .. .. 13 4 This is the record of " Culloden's bloody field;" and "Duke William" is the Duke of Cumberland ("the butcher"), who com- manded the English army. 1746 *Gave to soldiers and sailors, at several times .. 18 6 Paid by Mr Northover, to four soldiers, per order of MrBurrard .. .. .. 12 1747 Paid for crying-down cock-skailing, and stealing hedge- wood . . . . . . . . 10 It refers to the brutal practice of throwing at cocks, long pradlised, on Shrove Tuesday, all over England. An unfortunate bird was fastened to a peg, behind some low grave-stone, his head merely protruding above, and then short heavy sticks (squails) were thrown till the poor creature was killed ; the throwers paying for each throw, and the fortunate competitor receiving the dead bird. The hedges were torn to pieces to get suitable sticks for the amusement, or rather, brutal custom. 1 747 *Eec'd for burying Mr. Charles Colborne . , 6 8 the gentleman whose portly bust (by Rysbrack) still ornaments our chancel wall. He was a barrister; and being connedled with the Beestons and other Lymington families, got to be engaged in the suit against Captain Cross, concerning the bridge ; and, on 118 A DEPARTED WORTHY. its termination, became a burgess, and settled in the town. His epitaph might be that of Lord Chesterfield him.self : Subtus,f erudite Lector, placide obdormiunt cineres Caeoli Colborne, Armigeri, Hujusce olim municipij burgensis, Qui ornatissimam elegantiam, una cum summa morum suavitate, . Omnibus, ex omni occasione, felicissime manifostavit. ■ A suis defletus, sed maxime bis Qui hoc esse sui monumentum dedere. Ex hac serumnosa vita, Vicesimo-nono Maij i],]. 1747, ac astatis sua; 57, in febciorem migravit. From a Mr. Beeston, who died in 1863 (aged 94), I have, .at various times, picked up some particulars respecting this eloquent individual, a relative and friend of his father. He was a tall portly gentleman, with a long flowing wig (which is lacking in the bust), who drove a handsome gingerbread-coloured carriage, with four black Flanders mares, as became a dignified personage of his day. He was a great favourite with the populace, whose liking for " paneni et circenses " he gratified by plenty of ale, and frequent bidl-haitings, in which latter he was himself a decided amateur. When his carriage drove through the town (on great occasions) the rabble used to press round his coach, with shouts for King Colborne ! Tradition is often correcft. A collateral de- scendant, in a very humble position in life, told me (1877) on my mentioning this, that he himself was still generally known among his associates by this appellation ; though he was quite un- acquainted with its origin. 1749 *Gave to sailors that come out of Algier .. 7 *Grave sailors and soldiers, at severall times .. 1 10 *Eeleived two sailors, with a pass . . . . 10 Poor soldiers and sailors, when disbanded, were at this time allowed to beg their way home, assisted by passes, which were granted by the resident magistrates. f " SuIiIuk" The monument originally stood on the north side of the church. I "Maij ij." Space appears to have been left for Januarij or Febntarij, as ifaij does not fill out the gap, and the termination iJ is cut on the stone. It would appear to have been engraved before Mr. Colborne's death. THE GROANING TREE. 119 In the summer of 1750, the Prince of Wales (father of George III) having been for some time in weak health, made a tour from the west of England to Portsmouth, and thence to the Isle of Wight. Crossing over to our side of the Solent, the Prince and Princess landed at Southampton, and took up their residence for some weeks at Pylewell (the seat of the Worsley family), to enjoy the sea air ; watering-places being then unthought of.* While there, the hoax of the Groaning Tree was played off on the simple Rustics, by some of the facetious courtiers who attended the Prince. Baddesley Chapel then stood on a small detached mound just to the north of the present mansion ; and from that, a straggling line of cottagesf ran across the park. In one of the gardens was a tree, which emitted deep groans at intervals ; and was a source of wonder, alarm, curiosity, and amusement, to all the neighbourhood. The place was thronged like a fair, with rustics and residents of all ranks. The wits of the day took it up in London; and averred that the groans were cries of "Oh! Billy Pitt ! " alluding to the Great Commoner,^ then attradting public attention. The Bottle Conjurer at the Haymarket Theatre had just puzzled and hoaxed everybody, by his proposal to get into a quart bottle, on the stage, in sight of the audience; and this audacious imposture is known to have been the work of the then Duke of Montague, who owned Beaulieu, and was doubtless an attendant at the Prince's court, with other wild characters, such as Sir Francis Blake-Delaval,§ whose exploits were at that time the topic of talk, like those of the Marquis of Waterford in 1840. " The tree (says Gilpin) did not always groan, often disappoint- ing its visitors." Our worthy vicar seems to have been unsuspicious of any trick ; but his acknowledgement is nearly conclusive evidence that it was merely a ventriloquial delusion ; which was only carried on when the author of the deception was there, with his jiarty * George III broujjlit Weymouth into fashion about thirty years later. ■f These cmtages were swept nway in the beginning of the present century, and Baddesley Chapel rebuilt outside tlie Park, by the Weld family (Roman Catholic) who then owned Pylewell. J Afterwards the celebrated Earl of Chatham. ■ §An account of Sir Francis and his freaks will be found in Howitt's Visile to Uetnarkahle Flares. The Fortune-telling episode in Pe.Te.gr'me Pickle is founded on a mystilicatiou actually carried on, in London, by this set of humourists. 120 ROYAL BURGESSES. of friends. The tree, on being grubbed up, showed no signs of decay ; and nothing was ever discovered to account for the mystery. It belonged to a Mr. Forbes, who lived at Baddesley (now the parsonage) and whose family name appears several times in our pages. They were salt-manufatfturers, and contested the borough in 1710 {2mge 107). Such a distinguished visitor as the Heir-apparent to the throne could not be allowed to be a neighbour to Walhampton without notice. We are therefore not surprised to find the following entry : — His Ilo3'al Highness Frederick, Prince of Wales, having gratiously con- descended to signify his consent to accept of his freedom of this Corporation : Be it Eemembered that on the Twenty-fifth daj' of August, one thousand sevea hundi-ed and fifty. His Eoyal Highness was accordingly elected a Free Burgess of this Corporation, h}^ the consent of the Mayor and Burgesses of the said Burrough, whose hands are hereunto set and subscribed. H. Burrard, Mayor; and other Burgesses. The following entry illustrates the coarse manners of the time ; and shows the butchers actually killing animals in the open street, in what was formerley termed the Flesh Shambles, among the sheds and tenements we have before described {page 25). SOth January, 1756. Whereas complaint hath been tills day made to the Mayor and Burgesses, that manj' Incroaohments have been made ; and among the rest, by William Beeston, junr., John Miller, and Henry Marks, butchers, by erecting gallows, or standing-posts, for killing, and hanging their meat, opposite to their doors, on the Borough lands, being a great nuisance and offence to all persons passing by : Therefore it is agreed, &c., that, after notice given, the Town Serjeant do remove them. The Prince of Wales having formerly been admitted a burgess, was a precedent for another member of the royal family to receive the same ; and accordingly his son, the young Duke of York (second brother to King George III), was formerly eledted in August, 1760, he being then 21 years of age. "^ •-J :^ CO o :^ a^ o o to to :d o o COARSE MANNERS. 121 Hia Eoyal Highness Edward, Duke of York, having graciously condescended to signify his consent to accept of his freedom of this Corporation, Be it Remembered, that on the date mentioned, His Eoyal Highness was accordingly elected a Free Burgess of this Corporation, &c. and was at the same time sworn in accordingly. The next entry, like the former {paga 120), illustrates the coarse habits of the age ; though, from its stringent tone, it is apparent that better feelings of decency and humanity were beginning to be prevalent among the inhabitants. It being represented that the Butchers make a common practice of killing their meat in the street, to the great nuisance of the Inhabitants and others : It is hereby agreed that if they continue such nuisance, the Corporation will indite them at the Quarter Sessions. The Southampton Corporation, from some cause or other, this year (1756) determined to hold a Court of Admiralty at Lymington, in their capacity as lords of the principal port ; and sent the following letter to the Mayor (Thomas Shepard, Esq.) : — Sir, Our Corporation having agreed to have Courts of Admiralty held, in the next week, at the several places where they have antiently been held, pursuant to our Charters ; and, having fixed on Tuesday the 21st instant for holding one on Lymington Key, they wiU be glad of your company at dinner that day at at two, at the Angel Inn, in Lymington. Signed, Geo. West, Mayor of Southampton. The Corporation of Lymington replied that, having examined their Books, they found that on former occasions* leave had been asked for erefting the Booth on the Quay. To this the Corporation of Southampton replied, that they could find no such precedent in their books, although the right had been often exercised ; how- ever, in asserting their own rights, they had no wish to infringe on other peoples', so agreed to ask permission. On this assent was given ; with leave also, as on former occasions, to carry the [Southampton] Oar ere(5t through the Borough, in procession to and from the Booth ; and also for their Trumpeter to sound before them, through the Borough ; with a salvo to all rights and privileges of the Corporation of Lymington. * A previous occasion of exercising the right was in August, 1 707. 122 FRENCH INVASION. It is probably unknown to most who read these pages, that in this year (1759) an expedition was projected by the French Court, for the invasion of England by flat-bottomed boats, just as in Napoleon's more celebrated plan in 1803.f Immense pre- parations were made on the coasts of Normandy and Picardy by the French ; and by us on the southern coasts. Admiral Hawke, Hke Nelson afterwards, prevented and foiled the attempt ; which, however, caused great alarm and anxiety. A descent on the Isle of Wight was a part of the plan. 1760 *Eelieved (at various times) twenty-four French prisoners with passes . . . . . . . . 14 1761 *To divers people with passes .. .. 13 9 We will only observe that this was the time of General Wolfe, Conflans, Thurot, Hawke, Rodney, Boscawen, and many other brave men on both sides. The prisoners were probably sailors captured in Channel engagements, and licensed by the magistrates to beg as a means of support. Distress, among the poor, was very great ; and a public Fast was kept (Feb. 13th). 1761 *To a hook for the Church againstX the Fast . . 6 *Paid the Cryer, for forbidding shaving on the Sabbath 6 " Sabbath " for " Sunday," is probably due to the Methodist revival, now in full operation ; and the shaving is the public exercise of the barber's art,§ which, in these times was in great request, for the powdered wigs, and shaved chins and heads of those who wore them. *For a Common Prayer Book for the Minister ; carriage, &c. 16 8 We can see from this that there was no bookseller in the town. There was not, in fadt, till many years after. It is interesting to note the varying value of money at different f Two thousind woikmen were employed at Havre, in building 150 flat-bottomed boats, looft. long. Each bore two pieces of cannon, and moved either by sails or oars ; carrying men, horses, and guns. One-hundred-and-fifty more boats were built at Brest, St. Malo, Nantes, and otlier localities suitable. I " Against" here means, "in preparation for." § Old Mr. Woolfrey (hair-dresser) who died about 1864, has told the writer that in his father's time (about 1766) there were no less than fourteen hair-dressers in Ringwood. There were no doubt as many in Lymington. VALUE OF MONEY. 123 periods. Without this, great mistakes will be made in our estimating sums that are charged in accounts. The Barfields adjoining our town furnish a very convenient test. They cost as follows : — In 1663 10 10 per acre „ 1682 12 »» „ 1723 27 8 ») „ 1772 52 14 )» „ 1784 62 it f The rental of the same was :- In 1767 „ 1873 1 2 2 5 per acre. The wages of ordinary labourers, at this time (1765), were Is. per day. 1772 *Paid Mr. Grove's man, when married by order of the Parisli . . . . . . . . 3 3 At this time great abuses were existing with respetft to illegitimate children. The mere affidavit of the mother was sufficient ; which (as might be e.xpe(rted) was often made, as a means to extort money. The curious on this subjecft may refer to Peter Pindar's " The Churchivarden ; or the Feast on a Child," of which we can only give a few lines, as a hint to our meaning : Now in an altered tone — a tone of gravity, Unto the landlord, fuU of smiles and suavity, Did Mister Guttle, the churcliwarden, call — " Come hither. Larder ! " said soft Mister Gtittle, With solemn voice, and fox-like face so subtle — " Larder ! " a Uttle word or two — that's all." Thus ended the affair, by prudent treaty ; For who, alas ! would wish to make a bother ? Guttle next morning went and talked to Bettj', And Betty swore the bantling to another. " By this ingenious mode of parish cookery (says a note) the same child may be devoured a dozen times over." The parish t[In Januai-y iSSo, they were sold (50a. ir. l6p.) for ^10,300; a littleoYcr ;£'200 an acre.] 124 JACK THE PAINTER. finally got rid of the burden, by giving a douceur to some person willing to marry the woman off their hands.f 1774 *To advertising the Cliiircli plate in the Salisbury Journal A burglary seems to have been committed at the Church, and the plate stolen. The Salisbury Journal was then the only county paper ; none were published at Southampton for half-a-century later. London papers (on account of the heavy postage) were almost unknown : probably not one was taken in the town. The Salisbury paper (printed on Friday) was brought thence by a carrier's cart, reaching its reader's hands, here, on Sunday evening. In this year (1776) Portsmouth dock-yard was fired (Dec. 7th) by the man known as Jack the Painter. He was in our town just before the attempt ; and lodged at one of the small inns on the quay. I had this from Mr. James Brown, late town- clerk ; who had it from his father, his predecessor in the office. In March, 1777, the wretch was hung in chains at Gosport, on Block-house beach, where our old neighbour Mr. Grunsell {d. 1878, aged 92) had seen him hanging, as he himself informed me. 1779 *To the ringers, on the news of the victory over the French and Spanish fleets . . . . . , 10 This was the success over the combined forces of France and Spain, in the English Channel (Aug. 31st). The enemies' fleets had 68 sail of the line, beside numerous frigates and smaller vessels. Our Admiral (Sir Charles Hardy) had only 38. The excitement all along the southern coast was intense ; as a land- ing was hourly expedted. Admiral Hardy anchored off Spithead ; and large numbers of troops, militia, and volunteers, were colledted on the coast. But, after all, the expedition failed. D'Orvilliers and the Spanish Admiral quarrelled ; a fruitless attempt was made to seize St. Heliers, and the fleet evacuated the channel. Two of the Spanish treasure-ships (an immense prize) were towed f In similar cases, in Ireland, it was the custom to bring up the man and woman, on a justice's warrant — make a bastardy order — marry the parties — and then dismiss them ; binding them over to keep the peace towards each other. ADMIRAL RODNEY. 125 into Portsmouth, their masts ornamented with the great silver candlesticks used in foreign church services. The following need no comment ; being merely corroborative of former statements, on pages 26 and 27. The names of the persons employed show that we are approaching modern times : both of them being within the memory of old people still living. The sheds and small buildings in the centre of High Street have been before described ; but the elm-tree growing there must have been a peculiar feature. It being represented that tlie old Town Hall (i) is greatly out of repair, It is ordered that it be taken down, and the Materials be made use of or sold for repairing the Town Key ; and that Mr. Colborne, stone-mason, and Mr. Newell, carpenter, be employed to take down the same. (August, 1780). The Market House now being greatly out of repair, and also the Shambles in the High Street : It is ordered that temporary stalls under the Town Hall be substituted, and the old sheds puUed down as far as the Market Cross. One of them having an Elm growing on the premises, that is to be cut down and used in the repairs. A Blind-house to be made luider the west-end of the Town HaU, between that and the Market Cross. (June, 1783). 1782 *To the Eingers, on the news of the victory gained by Admiral Eodney, the 12th April, 1782 . . 6 8 This was the famous vicftory off Martinique, in which the pra(5tice of cutting the enemy's line of battle was first put into effeft, on a system. The great ship of the French admiral, Count de Grasse (the Ville de Paris) was captured by Captain Cornwallis,f of the Canada. 1783 *To the Ringers, on account of the peace . . 6 8 The Peace of Versailles, between England, France, and Spain, signed by the Comte de Vergennes, and the Conde d'Aranda. America also gained Independence. 1783 *To a license for Mr. Bargus (curate), on account of the stamp . . . . . . . . 6 To an almanac . . . . . . 7 Almanacs were Is. 2d. each in 1808. The stamp duty was very heavy, and rigorously enforced. 1783 *To Mr. Jones, for preaching a sermon for the late Mr. Pitt 10 6 + Afterwards Admiral Cornwallis, of Newlands Manor. 126 THE LAZY CLUB. " All I let not the relations grudge the small expense of a hat-band, a pair of gloves, and ten shillings, &c."- — Memoirs of P.P. — (Dean Swift). Funeral sermons were at this time going out of fashion ; but Mr. Pitt was himself the parish clerk, at his death. He was grandfather to our old and well-known parish clerk, William Pitt, " the Tory of Lymington," (as must have been expected, from his name), who was bom in 1764, and died, as his stone informs us, in March, 1857. It was now an age of clubs and conviviality — of fun and wit — of Sam Foote and the Mayor of Garrett. Humour was the order of the day ; and some of our local jokers started the following jeu d'esprit : — AND SUCH AS AKE DESIROUS OF ATTAINING A GOOD OLD AGE! A T a Meeting of the principal Members of that old established society, com- monly called the THE LAZY CLUB, held at Lymington, on the day of June , It was unanimously resolved, that the following Eules must be strictly attended to, before any Person can be admitted as an honorable Member thereof. 1. Any person wishing to become a Member of the Society, must, by repeated Proofs of his Laziness (in the Presence of an old Member) show him- self worthy that Honour, to the Satisfaction of a Majority of Members : viz.. He must always move at a very slow Pace ; must not be seen to do any Kind of Work, but sit down and doze, at all Opportunities ; and should he fall out of his Chair, he must, on no Account get up without Help. 2. He must not be seen without his Coat, except when lomiging about in the Street ; and when standing still, must be sure to support himself against a House, a Post, or other convenient Thing. If nothing of that Sort be at Hand, he must call for some one to bring him a Chair. Should a Carriage come suddenly on him, he must not move faster than his usual Rate, even at the Eisk of being run over. THE LAZY CLUB. 127 3. Persons in the Sea-faring Line must not, on anj' Pretence row in the Heat of the Day. It will be far more honoiiraLIe to lay down and sicep, letting the Boat drive till the Cool of the Evening. If it be absolutely necessary, for the Preservation of their Lives, to use any trifling Exertion (which must not be done in any other Case) they will not be free to Strip, as that is attended with Trouble ; and it is equally disgraceful to put on an extra Coat, though it should rain ; as a Man cannot be considered lazy, who loads himself with much Clothes. 4. Before a Member can be raised to any eminent Post in this Society, he must scrupulously avoid everything that has the least Appearance of giving himself Trouble, at the same time talking all Opportunities of observing the Conduct of others. Should he discover anything contrary to the Rules of this Club, he shall state the case to the Chairman, who shall (if he thinks proper), fin e the offender to any Amount — not exceeding One Gallon of Strong Beer; and the Informer shall be promoted one step higher in the Society ; alwaj's remem- bering that he is bound, both by Precept and Example, to promote the Interest of the L.'^ZY CLUB. This Institution received its Origin many years ago in the Isle of Wight (where it is still kept up with great spirit), and was introduced on tins Side of the Water, by an Isle of Wight man. Its Principles being approved, it lias become general in most Parts of the Country : and is very flourishing during the Summer Months, when its Members become remarkably numerous ; Christ- church, Itchen, Hamble, and other places, furnishing many very good Ones. I have not succeeded in tracing the club, in print, higher than this time ; but the jest runs back to a far earlier period. It originally arose in this way ; the Isle of Wight, to a fanciful e3-e, resembles a gridiron in its shape, and St. Lawrence, having been martyred on a gridiron, necessarily became its patron saint.* He is represented, in mediseval art, as extended on that implement, which, when rudely drawn, gives one a good idea of a four-post bedstead, on which the saint seems (to the eye of fancy) to be lying at his ease. Hence St. Lawrence was supposed to preside peculiarly over idle and lazy people ; and again, from this idea came the play upon words : " Idle Wight " — " Isle of Wight," which has delighted many generations of small wits in these parts. The *One of its churches is dedicated to him. 128 CHEAP TRAVELLING. efficacy of the jest has not yet quite evaporated, and when a work- man is observed to be on very easy terms with his employment, an audible inquiry (of a stander-by) if the " Isle of Wight Man " has been recently seen in this neighbourhood, will generally furnish the salutary stimulus required. 1784 *Paid postage of a letter from Gloucester 3 9 Our salt-works were now declining, the fossil salt coming more and more into use. Mr. St. Barbe (the eldest, whose tablet is in the south aisle of our church) took a journey to Northwich in Cheshire, this year, to see into these matters. As a curiosity, I append his bill, which may be compared with present prices by those who go there now. Three days' expenses at the Crown Inn, Northwich, Cheshire (November 1784). *20th * * » *2l8t * *22nd * Dinner, Is. ; wine and ale, 2s.9d. Tea, 8d. ; wine and ale, Ss. Tobacco, 2d. ; postage, 2d. Ale to. postboy, &c. . . (Breakfast) tea, 8d. ; Dinner and liquor, 3s. Tea, 8d. ; wine, 2s. 6d. ; Supper and ale, 9d. Breakfast, 8d. ; Dinner (2 persons), 28. Wine, 2s. 6d. ; ale, 6d. . . 3 9 3 8 4 6 3 8 3 11 2 8 3 Note. — This consisted of a roast pullet, boiled rabbit and onion sauce, bread-pudding and melted butter, sugar potatoes (sic), bread and cheese ; and was ordered beforehand, for two persons particularly. 1789 *Eight copies of armorial bearings *Six copies of hair-powder lists 4 9 Taxes were everywhere, and upon everything. These are probably lists of those persons liable to the taxes in question, for the inform- ation of the collectors. In June, 1789, His Majesty George III, paid a visit to our loyal borough, which had always returned such safe and trustworthy ROYAL VISIT. 129 supporters of the crown and the government. The King resided for a few days at the King's House at Lyndhurst, and from thence came over to Lymington on the 27th. Queen Charlotte and three of the Princesses also came ; * and the royal party were received at the Town Hall (c) by the Mayor (William Trattle, Esq.) and the Corporation ; who all, being presented by Earl Delawarrf (then Lord Warden of the Forest), had the honor of kissing the hands of their Majesties. A large concourse of the neighbouring gentry were also present. The King had just recovered from his first attack of mental illness ; and, by advice, took a short tour, for change of air and scene. He came from Lyndhurst to Lymington, and thence went to his favourite watering-place (Weymouth) ; and, after staying some weeks, proceeded on to Exeter. There, as in our borough, he was received with loyal effusion ; and the wicked wit of Dr. WalcotJ — a Devonshire man — has touched off the occurrences at Exeter in humorous lines, that will apply just as well to Lymington. We extradl a few verses, merely taking the liberty to alter one or two words : — Well ! in a come — King George to town, With doust and zweat aa nutmeg brown, Tiie hossea all in smoke ; Huzzain', trumpetin', and ringin', Eed colours vleeing, roarin', zingin' ; So mad seem'd all the voke. Now goad the burgesses and may'r, Zum way cropp'd wigs, and ziun wey hair, The royal voke to ken ; When Measter May'r, wi' wond'rous grace, Pok'd to the king a gert long mace. Which he pok'd back agen. * The following extract conveys such a compliment to our townsfolk at the time, that I cannot leave it out. It is from one of the King's daughters, who accompanied him on this very tour : From a letter of the Princess Elizabeth to Madam , July 2nd, 17S9. ' ' Nous avons vu Southampton, Lyndhurst, Boldrewood, Lymington, Hordle Cliff, &c J'ai vu une dame a Lyndhurst, qui m'a dit que les gens de Southampton, et des environs de Lyndhurst, etaient les meillems creatures au monde ; et qu'elle avail elle-meme, a Lymington, une maison, ou elle vivait plus de di.x semaioes, sans jamais avoir la porte de sa maison fermee ni joui' ni nuit ; et qu'elle n'a pas meme perdu un ruban fDelawarr, Woodside, (now the residence of F. H. Crozier, Esq.) was built by this nobleman, who resided here for some years. J " Peter Pindi" R 130 THE king's entry. Then to the tavern runn'd 'Squire Eolle,* To git the names of every zoul That wish'd King George to zee : The 'squu-e most kindly tould 'em too, How jest leek zoldiers they must do — Bow down, and drap the knee. And zaid it never should be miss'd — That when King George's hand they kiss'd. Leek vish, they must be dumb ! And backwards crawl, leek crabs, away : Good zound advice — much as to zay, ' Kings mus'nt zee your b — m.' Now to the room, to zee the king. They all march' d oS, a clever ring ; And there King George a stood, Eeceiving bows and scrapes and kisses, Vor all the world leek handsome Misses, Expecting to be woo'd. Jolly 's a tinker stood 'Squire Eolle, Sly winking, leek an oold grey owl, To zee that nort went wrong ; Zo got behind, and wi' a frown He pull'd nigh twenty on 'em down. And twenty droad along. The king stude patient az a stock. Two hours at least by th' Town-haU clock. It zafely might be wagered ; Zum, makin their vine rev'rence, spurn'd. The king was nearly overturned, A Gosh! he wur so badger'd. i !* " Notre Saint-Esprit, c'est un Elepliant," said a Dane to a Frenchman, when talking about their respective Court- Orders. In the same way, I may say that our ' Squire RoUe was Squire Rose— George Rose to his friends, Sir George Rose, Baronet, to the Public, "Old Georgy" to Cobbett and the Radical party. He was the King's friend, confidante, and factotum ; great at Lymington ; greater at Lyndhurstf ; greatest at Chrislchurch, where he controlled the borough entirely. The Hoopers, of Hern Court, had been the borough managers ; but were not wise in their generation, for they presumed to dally with the Opposition party of Fox and his friends ; so, one fine morning, it .was reported that a Mr. Rose was going to take the sea-air at Muddiford ; and intended to erect a villa there (Sandhills) ; which he did ; and of course was a good deal in Christchurch, among the burgesses. Quid plura! In a short time the Hooper stock was rooted up, and a Rose tree planted in its place . There it flourished for about half a century, till the Reforming era of 1832. The Rose family was then ousted by Su- George Tapps, of Hinton Admiral (since, Tapps-Gervis-Meyrick) ; t he electors saying at the time that they preferred drinking at Tap[p]s to smelling at Bosee. t He resided at Cuffnalls. *Sir Harry Bmrard (see Frontispiece), was now incapacitated by old age and infirmity, being blind. HUMOROUS SCENES. 131 Tag, rag, and bobtail, all kiss'd hands, Vrom neigbb'ring pearts and voreign lands ; Aye ! kissing 'twas enufE — Had not the hand been tight put on. It was zo mainly smack'd iipon, The voke had kiss'd it oS. A tale is still current, that the Town-serjeant (John Tout), unused to such grandeur, absolutely prostrated himself, with the mace, before the king, who expressed his astonishment by his well-known " What ! Hae ! Has ! What ! " so well known to all readers of Peter Pindar. People of the present day can have no idea of the awful distance which separated not only a monarch, but the nobility and gentry, from the lower classes, before the levelling hurricane of the great French Revolution. Since penning the above, I have discovered the following entry in the Burial Register of Lymington ; and give it just as it is there written : — March, 1796. "Died, John Tout (many years Mace-Bearer to the Corporation) aged 74. When his Majesty, George the Third, in the year 1789, was staying at Lyndhurst, he graciously visited this Town. Mr. Tout, as mace-bearer, did not fail to attrach the notice of his Majesty ; particularly when his Majesty entered the Town Hall, Mr. T., dress'd in all the Insignia of his office, fell down on his knees before him, saying (as is said), at the same time: " I am like a Beast before thee ! " The whole scene made such an impression on his Majesty, that he has frequently since inquired, of Sir Harry [Burrard] Neale, for the old mace-bearer of the Corporation." These little scenes were doubtless arranged, on purpose to amuse the king, by some of the resident humourists. Here is another, of the same kind, from Exeter : — Now Varmer Tabb, I understand, Drow'd his legs vore, and catch'd the hand, And shak'd wi' might and main. "I'm glad your majesty to zee ; And hope your majesty (quoth he) Will ne'er be maz'd again." 132 ENLARGING THE CHURCH. " Maz^d ! maz'd ! what's maz^d ? " then said the king : " I never heard of zich a thing : What's maz'd ? what ! what ! my lord? "Hem! (zed my lord, and blow'd his nose), " Hem ! hem ! — Sir, 'tis, 1 do suppose, Sir — an old Dev'nshire word." A very similar scene took place at Weymouth. The Mayor and Corporation were presented. — " Mr. Mayor ! " cried the equerry-in-waiting : " Kneel down ! you must kneel ! " "I can't, Sir ! " replied the mayor, audibly and in great confusion — " I have a wooden leg ! " This, as anybody can see, must have been known to the court officials beforehand. And here is another specimen, of the same nature, from Walhampton, in 1804. A body of militia from the neighbourhood was drawn up n the grounds for review ; and some country oddity, in the ranks, was pointed out to the king ; when the following con- versation took place : — (King) " WeU, weU ! How do ? How d'ye do ? " (Farmer) ' ' Pretty well, thank ye, Sir ; I hope yoti be well, (a pause) But I'm sorry to say I owes you some money." (King) " Hse ! hse ! what ! Owe me money ! How so ? " (Farmer) " Well Sir, 'tis taxes — I be rather behind-hand." (King) {suspecting some joke) " Eh ! taxes ! that's bad ! must pay the taxes, you know. But what is it ? Is it much? " (Farmer) "Well Sir, 'tie a goodish deal — 'tis vive shillins." (King) {taking the joke) "Ah! that's a good deal, indeed! — But, look here, you pay one haK-a-crown and I'U pay the other : {laughing heartily to the gentlemen round) More than I shall get for my share, I'U be bound! " In 1756 a Faculty had been granted for enlarging the Church on the north-side of the Nave ; and in 1792 the North Gallery was erefted ; the interior being completely repaired and remodelled. In 1811 a similar addition was made, by adding a new South Nave. The pews, in both cases, were sold by the Churchwardens in perpetuity, like any other private property ; a custom which continued till a very recent period, f I have heard that, about the beginning of this century, on a t They fetched from £i to £40 each ; and produced ;[f658 15s. Sd. LORD Howe's victory. 133 property in the town being sold, the pew appertaining to it was described as " a commodious Family Pew, in the North Gallery of the Church, commanding extensive views of the Isle of Wight!" 1792 *Espended on account of signing the petition for a Faculty .. .. .. .. 2 6 *To a bottle of peppermint and biskets, at selling the new seats .. .. .. .. 020 1796 *Spent at putting out apprentices . . . . 4 1790 *Spent at a meeting settling the Poors' Eate .. 7 Such were the convivial or drinking habits of the 18th century, that nothing was transadted without their pipes, punch, and ale. Entries like the above are scattered ad infinitum, over the books. The present times, whatever people may ignorantly assert, are temperance itself compared with those of our grandfathers. 1794 *June 12. To the Eingers, on account of the Glorious Victory over the Fleet of the French Convention, per Lord Howe, on the 1 st of June . . . . 6 8 The victory itself, over the French Admiral, Villaret-Joyeuse, and the Republican Commissioner, Jean Bon St. Andre, is a matter of history, beyond our pages. It was celebrated for many years in our town by an old sailor, who had fought in the aftion.f 1794 *June 4. To four days' ringing, on account of the different Victories in the West-Indies and on the Continent ; and by the Duke of York . , 16 8 Valenciennes surrendered to the Duke, after a severe bombard- ment, in July, 1793. The names of Dumouriez, Clairfayt, the Duke of Coburg, and the Prince of Orange, will recall these fightsj with the French Republicans. The Netherlands were held for a time by the allied forces ; though lost in the end. t By regularly getting most gloriously drunk. His favorite tale was how he and his comrades had fired the tailor's goose into their opposing vessel ; and how they found it, after the engage- ment, embedded in the stump of her mainmast. He served in the Glory (gS). That vessel at first attacked the Jemappes (74), which escaped ; and afterwards the Sanspariel (80), which was one of the few ships captured. It must have been this latter which received the extraordinary missile. Her masts were all shot away. J "Cobourg Place," Woodside, was erected at this period. Pulled down 1897. 184 THE DUKE OF YORK. 1795 *P:d for a letter respecting the use of Eice for flour and starcli . . . . .. .. 10 This letter was an endeavour to get the pubHc to economise the use of corn-flour in making bread, and was occasioned by the high prices at which all cereals were arrived. The same cause originated the practice of bringing the loaf on to the break- fast or supper table, and cutting it there, to save waste ; a pracTtice which has continued till the present day in most households. 1798 *Paid a man for illuminating the Tower [of the Church] for Nelson's victory [the Nile] . . . . 3 1 799 *To the Ringers, on account of surrender of the Dutch fleet 6 8 1801 *To the Eingers, on the signing the Preliminaries of Peace [of Amiens] . . . . . . 6 8 Our fleet occupied the Texel, while Sir Ralph Abercomby took the fort of the Helder. The Dutch ships of war then surrendered, and mounted the Orange flag. Reverses, however, soon followed, and the Duke of York, who took the command, had to re-embark his troops. In June, 1801, the King (George III), with the Queen, the Princesses, and a numerous court attendance, paid a visit to Sir Harry Burrard-Neale, at Walhampton, where the royal party dined, amid the most loyal demonstrations of a large circle of visiting friends. George III also again paid a visit to Walhampton in 1804, whilst staying at Cuffnalls, Lyndhurst, then the seat of George Rose, Esq. Not one of these visits is noticed in our Books ; so strangely indifferent the burgesses seem to have become. All memory of them has, of course, long been lost ; but one or two old residents still live (rari . ... in gurgite vasto) who saw the King at his visit in 1804. He held a reception, as on former occasions, at the Town Hall; and walked up and down the High Street, amid the bows and smiles of his loyal subjedls. Only his general appearance could be remembered — a tall stout gentleman in cocked- hat, top boots, and buckskins ; wearing a gold-buttoned bright green coat, a colour that had been fashionable in his youth, but CUSTOMS IN DRESS. 135 which the bucks of the Prince's circle had discarded as old- fashioned.* We have exhausted all in our Town Books that is likely to please the living generation. After the date we have reached, they become totally uninteresting, as nothing is entered but admissions of new burgess-friends, with, now and then, at rare intervals, the notice of an Eleftion. All reference to passing events has ceased; even the visits of George III being unnoticed; although one would have thought they might have excited sufficient interest for a passing memorandum. It would seem as if the managers of the borough (all power being safely in their hands), would not waste a scratch of the pen on any unpraftical or sentimental matter. In this state of torpor, the Great Book {page 104) was found, not only superfluous, but cumbersome and totally useless ; it was therefore cast aside, and a new one, of smaller dimensions, substituted in its place. The entries in it are comparatively recent, and all uninteresting to us. Perhaps, if a copy of this work may survive for a century, some anti- quarian, yet unborn, may follow up our plan ; and abstradl the entries of the 19th century, with a curiosity which we, at the present time, cannot pretend to share. A few stray remarks on the dresa of the period (1795), may not be unfitly collected together here. White cravata, of enormous size, high above the chin, were in use. They were originally cloths twisted up and wrapped round the neck, by Croatian horsemen, to protect them from the cut of the Turkish sabres. Hence the fashion spread (Kke Cossack trowsers and Blucher boots) later, to France and England. Croatia (in German, Krabaten) gave a name to the article of dress. Females, in the north of France, now gathered their hair in a knot on the top of their head, to protect them from sword-cuts ; and allowed it to hang down on each side of the face, for the same reason. Hence the fashion, so * Gilpin provided green coats for his schoolboys at Boldre, which they wore till very recently. " Alas, Sir ! a man who cannot get to heaven in a green coat, will not find his way thither the sooner in a giey one." — (Dr. Johnson to Boswell). 136 MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. familiar to us all, till about thirty years ago. Men, too, parted their hair on one side of the head and carried it over the top, and also allowed a long lock to hang down each cheek (for the same cause). The former style has remained till recently in fashion : the side-locks (in a diminished form) are the so-called " Newgate-knockers," affected by the vulgar classes of London. Men's hair had hitherto been worn long behind ; and those who suffered by the guillotine had it cut off short before execution. After the fall of Eobes- pierre, to have had a relative so put to death, was considered a mark of gentility ; and accordingly all who wished to be thought persons of distinction cropped their hair short at the back of the head — a la victime, as they called it. We still wear it in that way. The assignats, or French paper money, had (1795)* so fallen in value, that the loiiis d'or was worth, in paper, 3950 francs, instead of 20. The fashionable Eoyalist ladies, after the Eeign of Terror was over, pretending they found purses of no use, made use of a silk bag, which they carried at their side or in their hands, stuffed full of this paper, to show their contempt of it. Alluding to the ridiculous nature of the bag and its contents, they called it " une ridicule." This was the "reticule" of our mothers, or grandmothers. The "quizzing-glass" now came into fashion: hands were thrust into the breeches pockets ; and the mouth was " worn slightly open." Fashionables in Paris spoke without moving their lips : hinting thereby that they (as aristocrats) were afraid of committing themselves before the democratic com- monalty ; and were thus preserving the habits of caution learnt during the Terror. The reading habits of to-day were totally unknown. At a much later period (about 1813) only three London papers were taken in our town, of which the Courier was most popular. The Salisbury Journal supplied the wants of the public. Published on Saturday, it reached here on Sunday afternoon, by a carrier ; and formed the reading for Sunday evening : there being then no services at church, except in morning and afternoon. Peter Wise, an oddity of the old coaching time, long drove the coach from Southampton ; and his gossip formed the chief source of information (incredible as it may seem) for all the foreign officers and refugees who then crowded the town. Many facetious stories used to be current of him ; some of which hardly bear relating. The reader may fancy a Mr. Weller (sen.) slowly descending from the box, * Par charite ! (cried a witty beggar in Paris) Par charite, secourez moi ! II me manque 230 livies (francs) pour payer mes souliers ! " Mes soldiers ! a beggar's shoes ! " MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 137 while a crowd of townsmen and military gentlemen stood waiting for him at the door of the Angel. " Veil, Mistare Vise! vat news is dere?'' — " Oh I don't know ! but I believe Boney's took." Chorus of voices — " Ah, no ! no! Mistare Vise! nevare ! — impossible!" Reply — ''Well, if he ain't took now, he will be next week; so its much the same." And this was in the height of the great Contiaental War, when all Europe was prostrate at the feet of Napoleon ! 138 Chapter xiii. THE QUIBERON EXPEDITION. eN the breaking-out of the war with Revolutionary France our town had an accession of new visitors : the Royahst refugees, of both sexes, who fled before the Republican Terror.* They were nearly all of gentle birth — many of them noble by rank and title. These, in their turn, were soon followed by a larger number — officers and civilians, who had embraced the royalist cause, and escaped the massacres and proscriptions which everywhere menaced them. The unfortu- nates landed everywhere on the south-west coast,f without any means of support ; and were hospitably received, in pity to their sufferings. Their numbers continually increased ; and at last the English government, in order to provide them with the means of living, collecfted them into several corps, with a view to utilizing their services in the war that was then carried on in Flanders and the northern frontier of France, under the Duke of York, or in an expedition intended to make a diversion in his favour, on the coasts of La Vendee and Brittany. Nine regiments were nominally formed, but only three were fully filled : the remaining being mere cadres, to be developed as opportunity offered. In order to be near the coast, they were colle(fted here ; just as had • Eight respectable ecclesiastics landed about the beginning of October [i 792], from an open boat, at Seaford [in Sussex], wet as the waves A gentleman came to their protection [from the natives], and dispatched them to Milord Sheffield. They had been pillaged ; and had, with difficulty, escaped from Paris. The reception they met with at his house seemed to make a great impression on them and they were heard to express their admiration at the treatment they met with — and from Protestants ! (They had escaped from the massacre of The Carmes). One of the same order (perhaps one of these) settled at Lymington : and I have a book with his auto- graph — " Pfere Gomberkine, Carnie." It is Pere Bouhom-s' Surla maniere de bien jmtser dans les Ouvraijes d' Esprit — a little pocket volume. One of these emigrant clergy, M. I'Abb^ Montardier (or Jlfoutardier, as his friends asserted) [Chaplain at Lulvvonh Castle], is remembered by a sermon which he preached — somewhat as follows : "My frens ! I shall not long to-day detain you. I vill merely set before you dree pints; but after zat, I shall proceed to draw a leetel mor'ak." The effect on the risible muscles of his audience may be imagined. (But this occurred some years later). f Angelo's Memoirs, Vol. 2, p. 280. THE LOYAL EMIGRANTS. 139 been the case at earlier periods ; for our position has always made us rather prominent during Continental wars.* One of these French corps was of considerable note ; and was the earliest formed. It had already seen hot service on the French frontier ; and was, at first, known as La Chatre's, from its commander ; but afterwards, both here and on the Continent, as The Loyal Emigrants. In the acftions in Flandersf it had been reduced to about four hundred men — all tried, trusty, and brave : lives too valuable to be lightly wasted ; but preserved for import- ant occasions. They were, in facSt, a body of officers, merely keeping together in ranks for the sake of their support. They were the salt wherewith the raw Breton peasants were to be savoured, when colledted m insurrection. These gentlemen (for so we may term them) occupied different buildings in the town, fitted up as barracks ; their officers occupying lodgings at various tradesmen's houses, where they were both liked and respedted. Another corps was a body of Marines ; formed out of the sailors and officers of the French Naval (Royalist) Service, and known as the " Royal Marine." They were commanded by Count d'Hedlor, and numbered about 600 men. Their quarters were to the north of the town, at Buckland.;]: [The following extradls are taken from our Lymington Registers : — ] 1792. Mary-Anne-Oaroline-Aglae, dau. of Pierre Vasseur and Rose Bossier, his wife, of Sarviq, Pays de Caux, en Normandie. 1794. Agliie-AngeKque, dau. of Count Herve Louis Marie Du Plossis-Pascau, of Landerneau in Bretagne§ (formerly lieut. in tlie French. Eoyal Navy, and now *A considerable body of troops were here and at Yarmouth in 1758-60. I observe these burial entries ; Justus Rauch, a Hessian soldier, 1 756. Lieut. Charles Gugleman, 1759. f Fleurus, Wattignies, Hondschoote, &c. j At the old Manor House just opposite Mrs. Southey's former residence (Buckland Cottage) ; and in the barns and farm-buildings attached thereto. § Landerneau has been immortalized by its moon. A Bretoa gentleman, who was one evening attending at Court, calmly observed that the moon of Landerneau was greater than that of Versailles. His friends afterwards said that he meant the gilt moon on the clock tower, which then sei-ved as a girouette ; but the ludicrous idea could not be easily forgotten. Most towns have some similar jokes. At the beginning of this century, old Mr. Figg {d. 1852, aged 71), when told of a remarkable lunar eclipse about to happen, is said to have cried out : " How unfortunate ! that evening I must be at Milford," [four miles distant]. 140 FRENCH EMIGRANTS. in the regiment of Gen. Count d'Hector) and Anne Buisson de la Vig^e, his wife (of L'Orient). Jean, eon of Jean Eevol, of the Parish of St. Marcellin (bishopric of Vienne) in Dauphigne ; and Margaret Bastide, of Toulon. Joseph-Louis-Bertrand, son of Bertrand Ferrier, of St. Paul-in-Quersey, bishopric of Conors (Cahors ?) and Frangoise Lucan, of Toulon. Anne Mary Laura, dau. of Philip Duplessis, of Count d'Hector's regiment and Anne Buisson de la Vigne, his wife. Emilie Marie, fille de Pierre Bouttes et de Marie Schmitt, (Eegt. de Mortemar). Gasparina Ludovica Eosalie de Fenin, dau. of Louis Francois Xavier de Fenin and Marie Eosalie OrieUe, his wife. Philippine Joseph Frangoise, dau. of Frangois Paul and Marie Ease de Vassault. John Martins, son of John Thomas Barr (capt. in Meuron's reg^ent) and Sybrandina Theodora Albertina, his wife. Maria, dau. of the Count de Passec. Fro'm the Boldre Register — 1811. Mary Pauline, dau. of Arthur Marie Edward D'Orfeuille and Charlotte Marie Frangoise, his wife. From January to June, 1795, there occur the following deaths of French emigrants ; and nearly all are entered as being from the regiment of General Count d'HecStor, in the barracks at Buckland. Lieut. Du Hautoy (of the French Artillery). Pierre Borel Jacques Androt Tves VaiUant Jean Marie Guaingan Herve d'Authec Augustin Le Mesle Mathurin Arrois Joseph Vaillant Jean Petit Frangois La Tour Monsieur Guieux Louis Gouardmus Belle Eugreville Frangois Laurint Besides these, there are many entries such as follow, all which tell their own tale of hardship and suffering: THE FRENCH REGIMENTS. 141 A French emigrant soldier. Five emigrant soldiers buried. Two emigrant soldiers buried. A French emigrant officer. &c., &c. The third corps was known as the French Artillery ; and was formed principally from the gunners who had defended Toulon against the Republicans ; and who, with such of the inhabitants as could escape, had taken refuge on board the English Fleet under Admiral Hood. They were commanded by Col. Rothalier : numbered about 400 ; and occupied the [now] Malt-house in New Lane, with some houses and a long row of stables and buildings (since destroyed), on the western side, just opposite. There were also two or three other regiments, or parts of regiments, of which we can give no particular detail. One was known as Muiron's : another as Willot's ; the remainder were named from their respective commanders. Count De Puisaye, Count D'Hervilly, Col. De Mortemar, and Col. Dresnay. They were quartered in different places — about the Quay — at a barn near the present Station Street — and in other similar localities. In the whole, the different corps reached about three thousand men. To these we may add, as part of the Foreign element, a number of their friends — royalist refugees, who had taken refuge at Toulon from the southern central distrifts of France. They were a motley group of men, women, and children. Accumulating by degrees, a time at length arrived for adlion. The plans of the French Royalists on the Continent embraced an invasion from the Prussian frontier ; and the Prince de Conde, on the Rhine, and the Duke of York, on the side of Holland, were both ready. 1794. William Burgon, a soldier in the 19th Regt. of Foot, just landed here, to- gether with the 3rd and 42nd regiments, being part of the troops under the command of the Earl of Moira, destined for an expedition to the Coast of France, to assist the Eoyalists there. 142 THE EXPEDITION. Patrick Conely, a soldier in the 19th Eegt, This regiment lately returned from Flanders, and brought with it a bad fever. (Number of deaths in these Eegiments — 31, from Jan. to April only). A descent from England on the coast of Brittany was projefted in 1795,* so as to create a diversion in their favour; and accord- ingly a fleet assembled off Lymington, in Yarmouth Roads, in the June of that year, under the command of Sir John Borlase Warren. It contained the complete outfit and all munitions of war, for an army to be raised in Brittany. Fifty sail of transports accompanied it ; which took in the troops we have mentioned. The whole sailed, and joined the fleet, off Ushant, commanded by Lord Bridport ; and thence steered diredt for Belle Isle and Quiberon Bay. A second squadron was to call at the Channel Islands, and take in similar troops collected there, who were to form a subsidiary diversion by way of St. Male ; and the Due d'Artois (afterwards Charles X) and the Due de Bourbon, were to join the army on reaching France. A naval vidtory off L'Orient (1795) cleared the way for a landing in Quiberon Bay ; but the events which followed are beyond our limited sphere, and are more matter for history. The failure of the expedition may be read in many works, to which the curious can turn. Our business is with our Lymington residents. The most fortunate died sword in hand, after exhibiting the greatest bravery ;f others, despairing, turned their weapons against them- selves ; a few were saved, through the waves, by the English boats, and conveyed to the ships. All the rest — the officers, and about forty or fifty gentlemen of rank who had accompanied the ill- starred expedition — were shot. " Beaucoup de braves gens p^rirent ; * This is the expedition alluded to by the Marquis de Lantenac, the unknown companion of Halmalo (in Victor Hugo's Quatre- Vingi Treize) : — " Je veux faire plus de Chouanncrie que de Vendee. Tu ajouteras que les Anglais sont avec nous. Prenons la Republique entre deux feux. Finissons-en avec la Revolution." And the same author, in his vivid sketch of The Claymore, has painted her crew to the life : exactly the persons that were our temporary guests, and who went hence on the ill-fated Quiberon expedi- tion : — " L'equipage, tout fran9ais, etait compose d'officiers emigres et de matelots deserteurs. Ces hommes iStaient tries : pas un qui ne fiit bon marin, bon soldat, et bon royaliste. lis avaient le triple fanatisme du navire, de I'epee, et du roi. Un demi-bataillon d'infanterie de maiine, pouvant a besoiu etre debarque, etait amalgame a l'equipage. La corvette avait pour capitaine un chevalier de Saint Louis, le comte de Boisberthelot, un des meiUeurs officiers de I'ancienne marine royale ; pour second, le chevalier de La Vieuville, qui avait commande, aux Gardes Fran9aises, la compagnie oil Hoche avait ete sergent." f Out of 72 officers, the " Royal Maiine " had lost 53 ; and the others in proportion. THE DEFEAT. 143 mais (says Thiers) ils ne devaient pas Stre etonn^s de leur sort, apr^s avoir port6 la guerre dans leur pays, et avoir 6t6 pris les armes k la main," 1795. Baptist Gross, a French emigrant soldier ; one of the few who returned from the unfortunate expedition to Quiberon, [I have described the starting of the expedition from Lymington, and will slightly sketch its fatal termination at Quiberon : from a copious French source, which has reached me since writing the above]. The original plan had been to land on the coast, and make a junftion on the right with the Chouan chiefs in La Vendee ; then, with the united forces, to march on Paris ; while the Royalist chiefs on the Rhine did the same from an opposite diredlion. Tinteniac, and Georges Cadoudal, had swept round the coasts of Lower Brittany, and were at the rendezvous ; but, as in all undisciplined bands, jealousies led to disputes and to divergence of adtion. Yet on the iirst landing all seemed well. One of our corps (for so we may call them on the present occasion) under Count d'Hervilly, surprised Fort Penthievre, which com- mands the bay and peninsula ; but it was again taken by the Republicans.* D'Hervilly was fortunate enough to be mortally wounded, and so spared the sight of the fatal reverse that quickly followed. The division of the Count de Sombreuil was driven back from the fort into the Quiberon peninsula. The first effort of the attack had failed ; but M. de Puisaye, the leader of the expedition, wished to make another attempt, supported by the ships and gunboats, to resist the rebublican column that was approaching. Admiral Warren did all he could ; but the sea was stormy and rough ; and the unfortunate emigrants, pressed between the bayonets of their enemies, and the waves * It was betrayed by some of the soldiers who formed part of the expedition. The men had been recruited from the prisoners-of-war at Porchester ; most of whom were ardent republicans. Weary of prison life, they professed royalist principles, and were enrolled as such ; but took the first opportunity of betraying their commanders. 144 THE BURIAL. behind them, were lost. Hundreds were drowned or slaughtered on shore ; numbers of the officers threw themselves on their swords ; and the unfortunate remnant, trusting to offers (as they said) of quarter, surrendered themselves prisoners. The royalist corps had lost more than 1200 men, and 102 officers ; and about 1300 were saved in the English boats and taken on board the fleet. The survivors of the fatal combat were carried off to Vannes, a neighbouring town, where a military commission at once con- demned them to death. The Chasseurs of the 19th demi-brigade (French) — with the generous instin(5l of soldiers — refused to execute the order; both officers and men joining in the determination. A battalion of Volunteers of Paris (as they were termed) comprised of the populace of the metropolis, willingly undertook to carry out the bloody order ; and MM. de Sombreuil,* de Broglie, de la Landelle, and Mgr. de Herc6, the [last] bishop of Dol, with other gentlemen (22 in all), were shot forthwith, on a neighbouring road or promenade known as The Garenne. The others, about 160 in number, were taken to Auray, a town a few miles distant, where they too were shot on the plain by the bay. The place where they fell is still known as the Pointe des Emigres. Many a brave gentleman, who once walked our street, died there. From 1795, till the Restoration in 1815, their remains lay un- noticed in their common grave ; but at that period they were collected by the Royalist party into a more honorable sepulchre, and two monuments were raised to their memory. One is a sepulchral edifice or mausoleum, in which are sculptured the names of all who fell (952 in number), with inscriptions and texts suitable to the feelings of their party ; and also busts of their leaders.f The other, at a short distance, is a "chapelle expiatoire" (a rehgious chapel), with a column of granite surmounted by a cross. * The touching story of Mile, de Sombreuil, who drank a glass of blood, to save her old father's life, during the massacre at the prison of La Force (1792), is well-known. He was governor of the Invalides ; and, I think, father of the gentleman here mentioned. f Of the two chiefs, De Sombreuil and De Soulanges ; of two other leaders, Talhouet and D'Hervilly ; of Mgr. de Herc6, bishop of Dol ; and of a young officer, Gesril de Papeu, who reached the English ships, by swimming, to cause them to cease their fire, on the suirender of his friends. On learning their intended fate, he determined on returning ; and carried out his generous resolution, in spite of all the well-meant dissuasions of the English officers. He was shot with the rest ; leaving a well authenticated example of noble heroism, which equals any- thing recorded in ancient history. THE GEEMAN CORPS. 145 Republican fury has been extinguished by the lapse of time ; and the enthusiastic fervour of Royalists (at the Restoration) is equally softened by the same cause. The laudatory inscriptions recording the visit of the Duke and Duchess d'Angouleme may now be unnoticed ; at any rate by us, at a distance from the scene. There is, over the principal entrance of the chapel, a simple phrase, which sums up, in two expressive words, the fafts and the issue of this sad event ; and the fate of so many brave men is briefly recorded, by this inscription : — HIC CECIDERUNT. The first a(5l of the drama was over ; and Lymington was emptied of its foreign guests* for a time. The successes of Hoche, the destrudtion of La Vendee, and the rise of Bonaparte, prevented such an attempt being repeated. But as our town still * Not absolutely ; for a few remained, whom youth, or age, or wounds, incapacitated, for a time, from active service. But they disappeared as a distinct body. I can only see three inscrip- tions remaining, of the Loyal Eniigrantit (in our churchyard). C)ne is : — JOSEPH MARIE DE LA MOUSSAYE, Major of the Corps of Loyal Emigrants, Who died 29th August, 1S13, Aged 55 years. He seems to have married here, and died quietly in his bed. Another is as follows : — To the Memory of ISIDORE DE VAUDREUIL,* Of the Regiment of Loyal Emigrants, Brave and Good, Lamented by all those who knew him. He was drowned while bathing \vith his Friends, The 7th of August, 1796, AGED 22 YEARS. There is also this one, which records a member of the family of Count de Soulange, one of the principal leaders and victims of the Quiberon expedition : — Sacred To the Memoi-y of AMARANTE EMILIE DE SOULANGE, The Wife of CAPT. CHARLES DE MENARD, Died in child-bed, on the 19th of June, 1798, In the 28th year of her age. Heu ! Lumina, flete diu ! * On the stone, the name is Vendeuil ; but in the Parish Register it is clearly (and more ac- curately) written Vaudreuil. 146 THE DUTCH ARTILLERY. retained its convenient position on the Channel Coast, the gap was at once filled up ; and it was fixed on as a military depot for a miscellaneous body of soldiers, the debris of various armies and troops that had fought on the Continent, particularly in Holland and the North of France. They were a more miscella- neous and rough assemblage of men — common soldiers only : — ' ' The camp their home, their law the sword. They knew no country, owned no lord." Their behaviour was as their position in life : they were a turbulent and unruly set of men. Duels among the officers were not un- frequent ; crimes of violence (among the men) were but little thought of: they had long been accustomed to warfare and scenes of blood. Flogging was continually going on at the barrack yard in Church Lane : six or more of a morning was a common and ordinary occurrence. Two rival bodies once turned out (as I have been informed) with fixed bayonets, in Broad Lane, where the parades were held : the drummers on each side, with their drums, ready to beat the charge. Bloodshed would have ensued, had not the officers rushed between the men, and stopped them by bodily interference. Several murders were committed : one was just opposite the parade ground : suicides were frequent. The sailors, from the gunboats and cutters in the Solent, were the causes of frequent tumult and riots. For the sake of distindlion we may call these Germans, though various nationalities were represented among them. They were generally quartered where the others had been lodged : — the Dutch Artillery, in New Lane; and the others in the different barrack- buildings.* The old Tithing Barn served as a general hospital. They must have been packed closely together in a way that would astonish our modern refinement. Sickness and mortality among them were great ; and their hardships were severe ; but who could think of such trifles in the midst of the confusion reigning over all Europe. * A number of such existed (now forgotten) for the use of the foreigners, who, not speaking English, were obliged to consort together during the daytime in common rooms. The officers were much liked as lodgers ; since they thus gave no trouble all day, while their allowances of coal, candle, &c. (necessarily used at home) were sufficient for the householder's own consump- tion as well. MILITIA CORPS. 147 {From the Lymington Registers) Charles-Augustus, son of Pierre FraiKjois Charles De Menard, captain Dutch* Artillery, and Amaranthe Emilia, his wife. Elizabeth Ilendrika, dau. of Sibert Rudolf Van Hulsteyu (captain Dutch Riflemen) and Caterina Petronella Bailard, his wife. Wilhelmina Philippa Frederika, dau. of Adolphus Arfelsfadt and Maria Dorothea, his wife. Belteshadyer Moracf (col. of the Ist Regt. Dutch Brigade). Frances Adriana, dau. of F. H. de Meuron Bayard and Cornelia Lever, his wife. Thonolea Magdalena, dau. of Karl Sheibler and Frederika, his wife. Henrious Ludovicus Duval, son of Anthony Duval and Jacoba Garcias, his wife, bapt. by Mons. Le TeUier (Roman Catholic priest here). These German troops were never (at once) removed ; although changes continually took place, by departures and fresh arrivals. They staid here till the Peace of Amiens, when all was at an end. Prisoners were then exchanged ; and foreigners sent home : except those who had settled in the town. Besides these regular troops,! large bodies of Militia were con- stantly moving about during the summer months, all through the southern counties. We were visited every year by bodies of men (in the whole about 1000 or 1200 at a time) — Militia or Fencibles, who were quartered in the numerous public-houses, or encamped on Pennington Common, and such ' localities. Every person who considered himself respecftable, from the lower to the higher ranks, was thoroughly loyal. § Accordingly, every 4th of June, on the King's birthday, there was a great demonstration. The regular troops, the militia, and the local corps, lined the High Street, from the Church to the Town Hall (c), and fired a volley ; while the artillery responded from the Parade Ground in Church Lane ; and the bells rung. * The relics of the French corps were incorporated with the German regiments. tOn his gravestone : — Balthazar Morack, F^sq., late Lieut.-Col. in H.S. H. the Prince of Orange's ist Light Infantry Battalion, in the service of His Britannick Majesty. J The French prisoners of war in Hampshire amounted (June, 1S14) to 52,000. Just before, it was 72,000; of whom 5,000 had been released or exchanged ; and the remaining 67,000 were then in course of removal. § It is said that King George IH used, himself, to encore "God save the King," at the Windsor Theatre. 148 THE LOCAL CORPS. Our local corps raised here, were a Pike Corps, with white uniforms ; and a small body of Artillery, about which a story was long current. In the first hurry of its formation, cannon could not be procured ; and some enthusiast, burning with patriotic ardour, suggested that a leaden pump-barrel should be rigged out as a cannon, so as to enable the men to pracftice serving the gun, ramming, &c. The idea was not bad: but there was too much of the ludicrous in the proposal. The appellation of " The Pump Corps " could not be got rid of, till the corps was finally dissolved at the peace in 1814 ; when the Depot was broken up altogether. At the time of the Boulogne flotilla, in 1803, when invasion was expecTled, all the waggons at the neighbouring farms were registered and numbered, so as to carry off the non-combatant population into the Forest, in case of the enemy's landing. Besides Lymington, other neighbouring towns had their emigrant visitors. The Due de Bourbon (father of the Due d'Enghien) resided at Newport ; and there formed acquaintance with Sophy Daw, a fisherman's daughter, who was destined to influence his future life ; and to be involved in his historic and mysterious end. She (as the Baroness de Feucheres) died at Bure Homage, near Christchurch, in 1836. Her father-confessor, the Rev. J. Stapleton, after her death, lived here ; and lies in our churchyard (d. 1839). All departed (many, perhaps, to fight and fall at Waterloo,* either for or against us), except some who had married or settled here — perhaps having deserted from their former ranks, and un- willing to run the risk of being recognized. Quiet stillness reigned again ; but tales about the Frenchmen, and the Dutchmen, as they were termed, were numerous and current till late years, * In taking down an old partition at No. 127 High Street, about 1842, a medal and statuette of Napoleon were discovered, concealed behind the wainscul ; placed there, no doubt, by some soldier wlio had fought under him. Many relics of the royalist residents used to be preserved in the houses of tradesmen where they had lived. In my own recollection are two little portraits of saints (.St. Anne and St. Claire) delicately 1 ainted en r/otiache, with lace borders, the work of the inmates of some foreign nunnery. Also a gay coloured portrait of a dashing young lady in Marie Antoinette straw hat and ruffled fichu, ^ith her name under, Mdlle. (VOlica. I have since found her out. She was the person who counterfeited the Queen in the famous Affaire du Collier, — in the mysterious ' ' Diamond Necklace " business. She was dischai'ged at the end of the trial— nothing more was heard of her. BARRACK BUILDINGS. 149 among the older inhabitants, many of whom had learnt some colloquial conversation-phrases from the necessary intercourse with the strangers during the lapse of twenty years.* There were no regular barracks built in the town ; but the various corps were quartered in these among other localities : 1. The last house in Church Lane on the west, and the garden where the serpentine wall is, was the general Depot and Parade Ground ; more extended than at present ; and no trees around it. 2. A row of barrack houses on the Quay facing the Masonic Hall, which was then a private residence where the Colonel lived. [In 1813, Le Chevalier Baron de Macquard]. 3. The old Farm-house at Buckland, to the south of Mrs. Southey's residence. The farm buildings thereto attached. 4. The Tithe Bam — used as a hospital. Two tenements (now Mogshed Cottages) nearly opposite. 5. In New Lane, the Malt-house and a long row of buildings on the opposite side of the road. (These were for the Artillery). 6. A large bam just beyond Station Street (now destroyed). 7. A long row of buildings on the west side of the Angel Yard : others at the Anchor & Hope, as also at all the different Inns in the town. Broad Lane was the general parade ground. The wide green spaces, from which it derived its name, have been since enclosed. Several curious memoranda, relating to this time, and to the French Emigres, wiU be found in the Appendix ; to which I relegate them, from their detached and fragmentary nature. They could hardly be introduced into a continuous narrative, though they are worth preserving, as giving lite and interest to a remarkable episode. * I have printed in the Appendix a long list of names of foieign soldiers, who lived or died here, as extracted from the Parish Registers, which may be of use to some ciuious inquirer at a future time. It shows, at any rate, how strong the foreign element was in this little town ; and how that must have affected the daily life of its inhabitants. 150 Chapter xiv. PARLIAMENTARY EXISTENCE. IN treating of the history of our town, I cannot pass over in silence its Parhamentary Hfe ; though circumstances have so changed during the lapse of three centuries, that hardly any resemblance remains between its former state and its present position. Besides the original Record Books, I am enabled to draw much information from a privately printed volume,* which contains a large mass of information on this and similar topics, compiled from papers and letters preserved at the seat of the Burrard Family. The work exhibits the struggles and interests of the competing houses on too large a scale for the general reader ; besides which, " old times are changed, old manners gone ; " and the interest of these matters is lost and evaporated, especially to the coming generation. I therefore propose to sketch, in one brief chapter, the general political state (if it can be so called) of our borough, down to recent times. Lymington, until the time of the Reform Bill of 1832, was always, more or less, a close borough. It had been re-made, or freshly called into life, in 1585, by Queen Elizabeth, with a number of other similar towns,f with the objetft of out-balancing by their votes the increasing power and weight of the county members, who in her time and reign began to make themselves a power in the Commons. The first members elected show how little there was of freedom of eleftion. Two strangers from a distance, with powerful court recommendation, are returned without opposition ; the obscure burgesses being, doubtless, glad of such * Amuds of Walhampton, i vol. 8vo. 1874. Privately printed, by Col. Sidney Bunard, late Gren. -Guards. t Newport, Newtown, and Yarmouth — all in the Isle of Wight. RESIDENTIAL FAMILIES. 151 protestors in disturbed times, when " a friend at court " was a real benefit and advantage. How the eledtive body may have been at first constituted, is not now known ; but, in reahty, it soon got into the hands of the Burgesses, to the exclusion of the Inhabitants at large, paying scot and lot. The burgesses were a small number, generally not more than about forty persons, principally non-resident in later times. This state of things was of little consequence previous to the Revolution of 1688. Before that time, it was always troublesome and often dangerous to be a member of parliament ; so that boroughs had often to pay gentlemen to assume the onerous and responsible position. But with the accession of William and Mary all this was changed ; the king had no longer the monopoly of power ; and lucrative offices, high official posi- tion, and social rank, were to be had by those who stood on the side of the Ministry. Henceforward all eledtions were more closely and severely contested, in the interest of the residential families : each seeing that whoever could command a majority among the burgesses would possess not only the power of adding to their number (for the burgesses eledted the fresh ones), but of returning Members of Parliament at each recurring election. During the 16th and 17th centuries there were several families who contended among each other for supremacy in this way. The objedt of each was to put in as many personal friends as possible ; and though, by an old rule, the consent of the mayor and twelve burgesses was required before a new one could be chosen, yet whoever was most often ele(5ted Mayor, had necessarily preponderating influence ; and a considerable advantage in this respe(5t was enjoyed by a family resident on the spot, among a large circle of relatives, friends, and dependents. Among the families whose names occur on the list of Mayors during the 16th and 17th centuries, the principal ones are those of Burrard, Button, Dore, Lesley, and Whithed (residents) ; and Wallop, Powlett, Kelleway (or Keilway), and some others (non- residents). 152 RESIDENTIAL FAMILIES. The family of Burrard had been settled at Lymington since the 15th century, and was influential in town matters even then ; as we find a George Burrard mayor in 1574, (page 31). He probably lived in the town;* and was also mayor in 1585, when two representatives were first returned. From such a position he must have had considerable opportunity of direcTting succeeding eledtions, both of mayors and burgesses ; and this, joined to the influence of other friends or relatives in the Corporation, no doubt tended to give him and his descendants a powerful position, which (residing on the spot) they were enabled afterwards to hold suc- cessfully, against all competitors from a distance, who had not that advantage. Other residents, with whom they were connefted by ties of friendship or marriage, were the houses of Button,! Lesley, Kelleway,J Knapton, Dore,§ and Whithed, who took a subordinate position as to borough influence. Of the others (non- resident) the family of Wallop has long been great in the county. They have filled the post of High-Sheriff on many occasions ; and represented Southampton, Lymington, &c. ; taking, from the latter town, the title of Viscount (1720), and from Portsmouth the title of Earl (1743). The Kelleways (now decayed) were a family of considerable position ; often member for the town, and several times High- Sheriff for the county. The Powletts are another Hampshire family of the highest rank ; when rank was of more importance than even at the present time. The High-Sheriffs were very often seleefted from this great house. The importance of their great mansion, Basing House, is attested by its fall, after a siege that holds a place in the history of England. After the sack of this great castle or rather fortress, the family resided at Hackwood Park, near * The name of John Boiard appears among the Priors of Christchurch {temp. Richard II). He was probably (though not certainly) connected with this family. Surnames have greatly altered since then. Among other persons connected mth the same religious house, occur the names of Doresgunels (Tregonwell), and Tuerolneshide (Towsey ?), both stiU existing in the vicinity. t Of Buckland, near Lymington. The name was lost in two coheiresses who m. John and Paul Burrard, {circa 1680). t Represented the Borough in 1586-9. The name is still found in the Island; though in a humble position as to social status. § Now extinct (since 1 705). POLITICAL STRUGGLES. 153 Basingstoke. The 6th Marquis became Duke of Bolton in 1689, with the Earldom of Wiltshire as an appendant honour. Charles Powlett, afterwards Duke of Bolton, was eledled a burgess in 1685, just as attention began to be called to the importance of the small boroughs as means of political advance- ment and power. Many sons and relatives were introduced into the Corporation between that time and 1722. Once having obtained a footing, they were soon found to be powerful and dangerous competitors against the Burrards and their friends. From 1705 till 1761, one of the seats was filled either by them or their nominee. They were very strong in the Whig interest,* which, being the triumphant cause during that period, gave them additional weight with the governments of the day. They too, had their connedlions and dependents, both among the burgesses and among the mayors. They would probably have monopolized the whole influence had they been united ; but " the Powletts were always plotting, with another branch of the Burrards, against the family of Walhampton ; though, happily, the Powletts were as often plotting against the Powletts."t Still, on the whole, and in spite of opposition, the Burrards (who were acftually on the spot, and here resident) successfully maintained their position ; and during the best part of the 18th century, they, jointly with the Powletts, secured a preponderating influence ; and for half a century the members were returned, either one by each side, or the two by a mutual arrangement. Severe struggles then took place, owing to family intrigues, which finally resulted in the defeat of the Powletts, and the complete ascendancy of the Burrards, who thenceforward ruled supreme and unquestioned ; and returned the two members till 1832. Yet it was not without frequent and secret attacks ; but they, on their part, avoiding the dangerous course of opposing the ministry of the time, kept the command, until the Reform Bill threw open the elecftion to the whole body of ratepaying and qualified inhabitants. * The christian name of " Nassau " shows this, t Annals of Walhampton {page 27). U 154 THE BURGESSES. We will briefly describe the internal economy of the borough under this old regime. The Burgesses (as we have elsewhere said) were a small body of about forty persons, originally resident in the town ; though, afterwards, in greater measure, the contrary. They filled up vacancies as they occurred, by eledtion, at pleasure. Many attempts were made at various times to regulate^ the number, and the modes of eledtion ; but it is quite useless to specify them, as the rules were continually rescinded and again re-ena(5led, to suit the convenience of the predominant party. The Mayor, from a very early period, had been chosen on the Sunday before Michaelmas Day. Our borough is so old as to go back to a time when religious ideas were associated with office ; and, as in the case of knighthood, mayoralty partook somewhat of a religious charafter. St. Michael the Archangel, waving his vi(5lorious sword over his prostrate enemy, not only in England but on the Continent, [was always looked on as the special patron saint of governors and rulers. In old Catholic times the important choice was no doubt made on a Sunday, in order that mass might be said before the newly-installed mayor. Nothing of the secular ideas pertaining to an eleftion as now understood could then have occurred, or have caused any apparent incongruity between the day and the transadlion. So it con- tinued, till the day offended the Puritan spirit, in 1651 {page 59), when the elecftion was fixed for the Tuesday before Michaelmas Day. At the Restoration the loyal party could not brook this innovation, and fixed it to the Sunday after the Festival of St. Matthew : why they chose this description,* is unknown. Whatever was the time, the burgesses met, as a matter of course, at the Town Hall. The out-going mayor then put down, in a Nomination or Pricking Book, the names of three burgesses. Those present, then voting, chose one of the three to be can- didate for the mayoralty, and his name was then entered on the Town Book with those of the two others left from last year's eleftion. The burgesses, then again voting, chose one of this * The Sunday before Michaelmas Day (Sept. 29th) and the Sunday after the Feast of St. Matthew (Sept. 21 ) axe always the same. THE COURT LEET. 155 latter three to be mayor. The other two again remained on record as before, and were brought forward on the next occasion; for, once on the Record Book, the name was never removed till the owner was eledted mayor, or removed from the scene by death or incapacity.* The Mayor was thenf only the representative of the town, as to its inhabitants {page 5) ; and therefore required to be recog- nized as such by the lord of the Manor, the legitimate successor of the original feudal grantor of their rights. Accordingly he appeared before the lord's steward at his Court Leet,J where he paid his homage, and acknowledged the dues or quit-rent reserved to be paid ; and was then sworn in, and admitted to the office. If the mayor resided at a distance, as was often the case, he discharged his duties by deputy. He was not a magistrate, as at present. By old custom, the Mayor could, during his year of office, make one burgess ; or even, more if permitted by a majority. Hence a person who often obtained the mayoralty, either for himself or for his friends, would necessarily, in course of time, obtain a predominant position in all borough matters. In a little work like the present, it is impossible to attempt to describe in detail the struggles between the rival families ; and would be perfedlly useless, if it could be done, since all interest in them has long since passed away. Suffice it to say, that, during the early part of the eighteenth century, power was divided pretty equally between the Burrard and Powlett families, till in 1745 a severe struggle ensued, which seems to have been provoked by the 3rd Duke of Bolton. That nobleman appears, * Mr. Henry Hackman stood (unelected) for fourteen years. As he can say nothing for him- self, I will observe that this was very likely a politic manceuvre on the part of the wire-pullers, to keep other names out. Mr. Hackman was a person of respectable position : a surgeon, I believe. f Before the Municipal Reform Act. JThe Court Leet {Cttria Letce) is now extinct. It was a petty court ; an appendage of every manor, held before the lord or his steward (a local attorney), which took cognizance of encroach- ments on the manor, and similar matters. It was originally held in the Town Hall ; but latterly at one of the inns in the town. It was an actual Court of Record, though it had long lost its influence, and most of its utility. See Appendix ; Chapter of Selections from the Leet Records of Yarmouth ; and also a note on Extracts from thej Lymington Registers, at end of this work. The Reform Bill of 1835 destroyed the connexion between the Mayor and the lord of the Manor. [The original Court Rolls of Lymington Borough having recently [1S97] come into the possession of Keppel Pulteney, Esq. , the present lord of the Manor, an extract from same will also be found after those of Yarmouth]. 156 THE DUKE OP BOLTON. from other sources, to have been a very tyrannical and imperious personage ;* and several members of his own family rebelled against his di(5lation. Colonel Powlett, his brother, was particu- larly offended, and privately made an arrangement with Mr. Harry Burrard, as to a mutual support ; and an opportunity for putting this agreement into effe(5l soon arrived, at the close of 1745, when the annual eledlion of mayor took place. The Duke of Bolton's party on this occasion were as follows : — Charles (3rd Duke) Lord Harry Powlett Hon. William Powlett Hon. John Mordaunt Sir Eichard Mill, Bart. Sir John Barrington, Bart. John Burrard James Worsley Robert Taylor Charles Bulkeley John Northover Odber Knapton, Town Clerk James Burt Charles Colbome James Perkins Charles Gery David Urry William Dale Eoger Beere Benjamin Beere John Sparrow Ralph Dore The " True Whigs,"t as the ministerial adherents of the House of Hanover were then politically termed, were, on the other side, as follows : — Colonel Charles Powlett Harry Burrard Viscount Lymington William Burrard George Burrard Robert Knapton WilUam Knapton S. Legg Samber John Bromfield George Trenchard Thomas Morgan John How Stephen Kneller Joseph Shephard Edward Hooker Vesey How Naphtaly Hussey Thomas Shepherd Eli Harsnett John Dummer * "He answered, that they were all good Whigs : that he had promised to make them bur- gesses ; and (with an oath) he declared they should be made." — AnnaU of Walhampton, p. 55. " I was made a burgess of Lymington by the third Duke of Bolton ; and, had not his Grace behaved in that haughty imperious and arbitrary manner — not only to me, but to the whole county ; as if we were only a paixel of vassals, it might be thought he had some right to ask me for my vote, &c." — Letter from Sir Pavlet St. John, Bart., 1775. t We (said he, in a tone of exultation) — we are the only True Whigs. Carnal men have assumed that triumphant appellation, following him whose kingdom is of this world. Which of them would sit six hours on a wet hill-side, to hear a godly sermon ? I trow an hour o't wad staw them self-seekers all of them, strivers after wealth, power, and worldly ambition." — Speech of " Old Mortality," in Scott's Novel. FRESH INTRIGUES. 157 The Duke's party made a majority of two ; but the mayor had in readiness several friends, who had been nominated long before, but not sworn. They were (accidentally, of course), on the spot ; and were at once sworn in ; though not without strong remonstrances from the opposite party. Several suits-at-law were commenced by the Duke's friends ; and the new burgesses were ousted ; but still the opposite side had a great advantage ; as, Colonel Powlett being mayor, he had an immense advantage in calling a meeting ; since he and his associates were able to give private* notice to their friends who lived at a distance, to be in readiness in or near the town ; while, only three days' jnMic notice being required, it necessarily happened (in those days travelling being so difficult and slow) that many of the other party, not being in the secret, were unable to attend. Such was the case in December, 1745 — in the depth of winter, when traveUing was all but impossible. The mine was sprung : a full complement of the Burrard-Powlett party were ready, while nearly all of the Duke of Bolton's friends were absent, from one cause or another. The predominant party at once repealed the Standing Order limiting the number of burgesses, and put in, at one stroke, fourteen of their own friends. The whole patronage of the borough was in their hands, jointly, as they previously agreed. The Duke struggled at this piece of what we must allow to have been sharp practice ; but the vidtors took care to be on good terms with the minister (Mr. Pelham) ; and the Court influence was held in abeyance. After several vain efforts the confederate party triumphed ;f and " all was peace." In June, 1747, the [3rd] Duke being entirely worsted and defeated, the vidlorious party still further strengthened their hands by the eledtion of no less than sixteen fresh burgesses. Colonel Charles Powlett came, in 1756, to be [5th] Duke of Bolton ; and he and his friend, Mr. Burrard, were mayor alter- * Annals of Walhampton, page 70. f However, we withstood the Duke's attacks both at Lymington and at Westminster, and carried our point without adding again to the number of burgesses during Col. Powlett's life Nothing transpired [was transacted] in the borough, till we had agreed between our- selves on tlie point. He left the management of everything to me, and never suffered anybody else to interfere with the business of the borough ; and I always lived in great friendship and confidence with him." — LtlUr from Harry Burrard, Esq. — Annais of Walhampton, page 78. 158 FINAL VICTORY. nately. They retained their alHance to the last, although (unlike his colleague) the Duke often opposed the ministry of the Earl of Bute and others. On his Grace's death, the 6th Duke wished to stand in his late brother's position, and the desire was assented to. By degrees, however, it was thought or discovered that he was trying to form a separate party for himself in the borough. But Harry Burrard supporting the ministry of the Duke of Grafton, who had given him a baronetcy* in 1769, solicitations in that quarter were of no avail. At last these intestine rivalries were destined to be terminated ; and in Oftober, 1774, the Duke particularly recommended Mr. Morant, of Brokenhurst Park, as a member : to which the other side objedted. The Duke, however, urged it very strongly ; and in the end offered to give up all his interest in the borough to secure this objedt ; and on this understanding Mr. Morant was returned. Sir Harry then, in accordance with the agreement, put in no less than thirty-nine of his friends or relatives, and remained master of the iield ; himself returning the two members to parliament at each succeeding election. f Sir Harry had been five-and-thirty years a steady adherent to the government of the day ; and received, as might be naturally expected, the returns that were usually given in those times. | He left a baronetcy to his nephew and descendant ; and an undis- puted command of the borough, which was retained through the various administrations of Pitt and his successors, till the family influence was extinguished by the Reform Bill of 1832. He died in 1791, at the advanced age of 84. If we may trust the affec- tionate regard of his descendants, he was a gentleman imbued *The sou of another brother (George) was created a baronet in 1807, and had command in the Peninsula with Sir Hugh Dalrymple, &c. He aftei-wards commanded the London District ; and was Governor of Calshot Castle. The title expired with his son (Charles) in 1870. f The politics of Sir Harry and his ancestors were, in early times, " in favour of the prerogative of the sovereign," — in favour of the Prince of Orange in 16S8 — Sir R. Walpole in 1721 to 1742 — Lord Pelham in 1743 to 1754 ; and then that of the Duke of Newcastle. During the reign of George HI they supported the governments of the Earl of Bute, Mr. George Grenville, the Marquis of Rockingham, the Duke of Grafton, Lord North, and William Pitt, Wellington, Peel, &c. ; and the Conservative cause, do\vn to the end of their rule in the borough. — Annals of Wal- kampton, page 189. J He was made cornet in Kerr's Royal Dragoons, 1726 ; ensign in Grove's Regiment of Foot, 1 735 ; Gentleman- Usher to Frederick, Prince of Wales, 1 728 ; Commissioner of Customs for London, 1731 ; Ranger and Bow-bearer of the New Forest, 1742 ; Deputy Lieutenant for Hants, 1754; Governor of Calshot Castle, 1761. SIR HARRY BURRARD, BART. OF WALHAMPTON. THE FIRST BABONET. 159 with the highest principles of integrity and honour ; and far be it from us to question the statement now. His political enemies (and he had plenty) thought otherwise ; and vented their spite, or envy, in many ways, of which the following may serve for a sample : — " Like Yarmouth, Hurst, or Calshot, known Of use in p-rl-m-nt alone ; To serve Lord North, and to engage The Harry B-rr-ds of the age."* Truth probably lies (as usual) between the two statements. His portrait shows a handsome open face, betokening, if reliance can be placed on physiognomy, a man of good sense ; and his corres- pondence with his friends or concealed enemies, shows plainly that he was such — one who would not be bullied on one hand, or cajoled on the other, out of rights, which both law and custom then recognized as his own property, as much as the very mansion in which he resided. The return of the Members, under Sir Harry's long reign, was, as in other close boroughs, a pure matter of agreement,! the minister whose support was most advantageous and desirable on the whole, being always sure of two votes ready to hand. During this same period Edward Gibbon, the immortal author of the Decline and Fall, was returned. He thus records it — as oblivious of any persons called burgesses as if they had no existence : — " Before I could apply [to the Ministry] for a seat at the general election, the list was already full; but Lord North's promise was sincere, hia recom- mendation was effectual, and I was soon chosen, on a vacancy, | for the borough of Lymington." His well-stored mind could easily draw, from instances of history apt illustrations of his own time ; and the Roman Legion and the Hampshire Militia were to him (as he has recorded) illus- trative of each other. He has described how, after every trace * "A Samble from Newport to Cowes," — a satirical poem, about 1770. A note appended says : vide "Lymington Calendar ofComiption" ; probably something of the same kind, which has perished. This polite way of sparing an adversary by the use of initials (says Addison's Spectator) "was introduced by the late T-m Br-wn, of facetious memory." t That party (the Tories) had made very advantageous offers to Harry Burrard, which he had declined. — Annals of Walhampton (p. 62). When "the Tories" are here mentioned, the Jacobite party are alluded to. X The death of Thomas Dummer, Esq. one of the sitting members. 160 THE BURGESSSHIP. of liberty was gone from the Roman world, and when all depended on the will of one irresistible master, " the politic Augustus affefted to be a mere citizen ; and sat, voted, and visited, among his friends and apparent equals." Can we doubt that some recolledtion of this flashed across his mind, when, among a circle of persons who saw nothing unreasonable in the transa(5lion, he heard the gentleman, whose word had made him a member of the British Senate, gravely make the following declaration :— I, Sir Harry Burrard, Baronet, do solemnly swear that I Lave not, directly or indirectly, received any Sum or Sums of Money, Office, Place, or Employ- ment, Gratuity or Eeward, or any Bond, Bill, or Note, or any Promise or Gratuity whatsoever, either by myself or any other person to my use or benefit or advantage, for making any return at the present Election of Members to serve in parliament ; and that I wOl return such person or persons as shall, to the best of my judgment, appear to me to have the majority of legal votes. Signed, Harry Burrard, Mayor. while the candidate must have smiled too at the thought how he himself had regularly gone through all the old forms of elecTtion — had received the suffrages, and heard the sincere con- gratulations, of the free and unbiassed eledlors of the borough. The eledlion, or rather appointment, of a gentleman as a burgess, was looked on as a mark of esteem and confidence by the person chosen ; and was generally accepted as a sacred engagement, much in the same way as the guardianship of an orphan would be. The following [genuine] letter fully exhibits the sentiments we have mentioned : — London, 27th October, 1774. Dear Sir, I have received your favour, acquainting me that you had appointed me a free Burgess of your Borough, among several other gentlemen that had been named, in order to strengthen and support your family interest — an object that every one of yom* friends must highly commend. I accept it with pleasure, in the hope that it may afiord me an occasion of evincing my attachment to you; and, through you, to every individual of your family. When called upon, you will find me both inclined and disposed to serve you and your brother's children. I shall embrace with cheerfulness the oppor- tunity of showing to your posterity the regard I had for you ; and the sincerity with which I am, Your most obedient, faithful, humble Servant, G. L. THE REFORM BILLS. 161 The reader will not fail to observe the expression " your borough ;" and the words of the succeeding part of the sentence. They read strangely to our ears ; but the feeling which prompted them, more than a century ago, was sincere and friendly ; and exhibits the burgess-ship as an honourable trust, which every one then considered it to be. The Borough was left by Sir Harry Burrard (like any other property) jointly between the two sons of his brothers William and George, as he himself had no surviving issue. They succeeded to it without remark or censure. None indeed was needed, for both law and custom authorised the inheritance ; though on principle it could not (according to our modern lights) be defended. Sir Harry Neale* governed the borough in si.x parliaments, for a long and eventful period, between 1796 and 1830, retaining the command to the last ; and he himself sat again in 1831, after the borough had been " thrown open," as the phrase then went. The Reform Bill of 1832 made great changes in our Parliamentary Borough. Its boundaries were enlarged considerably, so as to include a large portion of the parish of Boldre, around Walhamp- ton ; a concession to the wishes of the then representative, who hoped to secure in this manner a preponderating influence through his neighbours and tenants. It proved, however, of less consequence than might have been expedled. Under that same bill the con- stituency was about 300 in number. The second Reform Bill (1867) deprived the town of one of its members, raising the votes to about 750. The third Reform Bill, when it may chance to arrive, will very likely -j- (ccetera desunt). In considering the effects of past Reforms, it has often been asked whether better members are returned now, than formerly, under the old system. This is a question easier asked than * On the death of General Sir Harry Burrard in 1813, the whole patronage vested in Sir Hany Neale alone. He had assumed the name of Neale, on his marriage, in 1795, with Grace- Elizabeth, dau. and coheiress of Robert Neale, Esq. of Shaw House, Wilts ; and was always known by this name. Sir Harry Neale, 2nd bart. d. 1S40, and [The Rev.] Sir Geort^e Burrard, 3rd bart., d. 1856. " [f At the Re-distribution of Seats Act, 1885, Lymington ceased to be a Parliamentary Borouoh and became merged in the New Forest Division of the County of Hants.] " V 162 FUTUBE ANTICIPATIONS. answered ; and probably the replies would differ, if they could be collected. Those who are curious may refer to our list of bygone representatives, in the Appendix, and draw their own conclusions. Our borough has, in past years, returned learned, brave, and honourable gentlemen to the Senate House ; and it seems difficult to know where a better class of members can come from in the future. However, if we do not answer the question, we may be allowed to hope that when all has been finally refined, purified, and settled (whenever that time may arrive), some new generation of eleftors, as yet unborn, may return representatives who will surpass all former ones ; in which our town may perhaps continue to have some small voice, as a fraction of an extensive eleftoral distridl, if existing distindt no longer, as the ancient (and indepen- dent) Borough of Lymington. 163 Chapter xv. THE SALT MANUFACTURE. SALT has, from the earliest times, been a staple manu- fafture at Lymington ; and the salt-houses and salterns formed a conspicuous feature everywhere along our coast, from Pylewell to Hurst. The salt trade is totally gone, the houses have been destroyed, and their very sites obliterated ; though their locations may be distinguished, on a map, by the embanked lands on which the salt-pans were formed, and by the winding river-like indentations which were in reality short canals for removing salt, coal, stone, bricks, and other heavy commodities, to and from the works. The houses were of all sizes. Some had only one boiling pan, while others (principally near Keyhaven) had twenty or even twenty-eight pans at work. The Saltern proper was a large tracSt of perfedlly flat land, divided into shallow ponds, about twenty feet square, by low mud-banks about six inches high, just wide enough for a man to walk upon with caution. Into these the water was baled, by large wooden scoops, from ponds which had caught the salt water at high tide ; and here it lay, evaporating more or less quickly, according to the favourable or adverse weather. In various parts of the works were small wind-mills, about twelve or fourteen feet high, which, whirling with the continual and varying sea breezes, pumped the water into different sets of pans, as it approached nearer to the condition of brine, and at last lifted it into large cisterns, whence it ran, by gravitation, into the boiling-houses. These latter were merely large brick-built sheds, with low weather-beaten walls, upholding a wide expanse of tiled roof, under which were the pans and furnaces. A cloud of steam filled the boiling-house when working ; salt impregnated 164 THE SALTERNS. the air ; and the roads all around were black with coal-ashes from the furnaces, which had for generation after generation been incessantly burning. The following list of Salterns, from Southampton Water to Hurst Beach, has been extradted from an old deed dated 1743. It will preserve the names of the salt-making famihes ; and perpetuate, in some measure, the localities of the works ; though within the last twenty years nearly everything has been obliterated, the salt-ponds filled up, and even the surface of the soil dug over and levelled. And as salt-works, like estates, were divided or joined, to meet family exigencies, the Ust, though generally corre(5l, may not be found perfeftly accurate at any given period of time. 1743. 1. Fawley Marsh (Southampton Water) ... ... 7 pans Robert Ballard and Henry Rowe 2. Ditto ... ... ... ... ... 4 pans Thomas Bound. 3. Exbury (Beaulieu River) ... .. ... 4 pans John Mitford, Esq. 4. Pylewell (Lymington) ... ... ... ... 4 pans Wm. Forbes, Esq., Baddesley. 5. Near the Elms ... ... ... ... 5 pans Thomas Bevis, Lyndhurst. 6. King's Saltern (site of Lymington Baths) ... 22 pans Roger Beere, Merchant. 7. Opposite the Town Quay ... ... ... 12 pans James Burt. Brick-onanufacturer 8. Vienna Saltern (Lymington Bridge) ... ... 3 pans John Blake, Blacksmith. 9. Saltern (now Inman's ship-yard) ... ... 4 pans John Northover, Mariner. 10. Adjoining No. 9 ... ... ... ... 1 pan Robert Taylor, Mariner. 11. Opposite [now] Coastguard Station ... ... 3 pans Joseph Shepherd. SALT MANTJFACTUEE. 165 12. Little Oxey, or " Viney's " ... ... ... 2 pans Mary Blake, Widow. 13. "Stone" & " Rowe " Salterns (Woodside) ... 20 pans Thomas Brown, Esq., Iwerne Courtney, Dorset. 14. Troy Town, or the "Seven Pan" (Oxey) ... 7 pans William Hicks, Keyhaven. 15. Oxey ... ... ... ■•■ .•• 28 pans John Perkins, Esq. 16. Pennington Marsh ... ... ... ... 2 pans Joshua Hicks, Mariner. 17. Ditto ... ... ... ... ... 10 pans William Lacy, Esq. 18. Ditto ... ... ... ... ... 3 pans Richard White Lacy, Esq. 19. Ditto "Eight Pans" ... ... ... ... Spans Susanna Hicks 20. Keyhaven Marsh ... ... ... ... 27 pans James Boyes; and Rich. Hicks, Esq., New Sarum. 21. Ditto ... ... ... ... ... 2 pans Robert Braxton, Yeoman. Sixteen weeks' boiling was the general season average ;* and each pan made about three tons of salt per week, burning nine- teen bushels of coal for each ton. A drift or tv^-n took eight hours, after which the pan had to be cooled, emptied, and cleaned. Sixteen drifts made a week's work, which extended from Sunday night to Saturday morning. The average quantity of salt ma^e here (1804) was 5,000 tons.f out of which came also about 140 tons of Epsom salts. The adtual value of the table salt was Is. per bushel ; but the govern- ment duty was no less than 10s. per bushel. This quantity was distributed as follows : — 1,800 tons to America ; 300 tons to Newfoundland ; 800 tons to the East Country (Holland and the Baltic) ; 200 tons to the Channel Islands ; and 8200 tons paid duty for home consumption. * In 1 8o2 the salterns only boiled for two weeks, in consequence of violent and long-continued rain. t And at the other salt-works within 30 miles, about 2000 tons more. 166 THE SALT DUTY. Such a number of Salterns, turning out quantities of salt, which paid a duty to the Government, required a considerable staff of inspeftors. The Salt Office was at Lower Woodside Green, where a large number of boatmen, riding-officers, clerks, &c., were stationed. These comfortable places were considered a legitimate heritage of the free burgesses and their relations. The duties on salt produced from the town, amounted to no less that £40,000 per annum, about 1726 ; and £60,000 was paid in 1750 ; while the duty on the coal used in the salt-houses produced no less than £1000 per annum. The salt duty was not heavy up to 1740 ; but then the exigencies of government made Sir Robert Walpole put on an additional duty of 5s. per bushel.* This demand, though slight as compared with the burdens of after-times, would seem to have raised a storm among the workmen, or rather the manufafturers ; who who were loud in their complaints.f These complaints were sharpened by polical animosity ; for Mr. Forbes,! a considerable salt manufafturer, had contested the borough on the Tory side (and failed) in 1710. At the close of the 18th century there were about forty Salterns in work, principally belonging to, or farmed by, the St. Barbe family (of Lymington). It would appear that most of the larger ones had been divided or broken up into more manageable concerns ; and they seem to have latterly been known by the names of the men who worked them. The salt works of Cheshire, with their inexhaustible supplies of mineral salt, had begun to 'enter into severe competition with that made by evaporation, as soon as roads began to be improved, and communication grew more easy. Still the American trade, carried on by all the Western towns, from Bristol to Poole, for a long time supported the Lymington manufacflurers. Vessels carried out salt, and also the cloths made by the clothiers of * The salt duty was increased by ^1,200,000 in 1 741. In J 790, it was 10s. per bushel; in 1 80S, 15s. per bushel. fSee the Ballad, page 115. X He is described as of South Baddesley : and his grandson was owner of the "Groaning Tree," when that imposture electrified the villagers there (page 119). [I have since found out that Sir Francis Blake Delavel married the widow of Lord Nassau Powlett. As a friend or relative of the Powletts, he would almost certainly be here with the Prince.] CLOSE OF THE WORKS. 167 Somerset ; and brought back the salt-fish, timber, and pipe-staves, of Newfoundland and the Plantations, on which the trade of Poole principally rested. But the clothing trade changed its locality on the introduftion of the steam-engine, and migrated to the North ; while the American War broke up all connexion with the Colonies. The difficulties which water-made salt had to contend with were then too great ; salterns closed one after another ; and although several new plans and improvements in the manufacture were attempted to be introduced by Messrs. St. Barbe, into whose hands nearly all the salt-works had fallen, the differenee of expense was found insuperable ; as, about 1845, salt could be brought by rail from Cheshire, cheaper than it could be produced here on the spot. The business was then finally abandoned. One saltern remained in work, just to satisfy a small local con- nexion, so late as 1865.* The marshes were then, by degrees, more or less levelled, so as to render them useful for grazing grounds ; the old houses were all removed, and the ponds filled up ; yet slight traces, here and there, exist ; and will probably do so for some time longer, to shew where once was carried on a manufacSlure, which had been so old as to have existed before historical times ; and to have had a reputation from the earliest period of history. [In this notice of our Salterns, we must not overlook a curious little creature that was found in them ; and which has never been seen elsewhere, except in some salt-lakes of Siberia. It was known as The Lymington Brine Shrimp,^ and was first noticed by a Dr. Maty, about 1740. It lived in the brine tanks only, where no other creature could have existed, the concentrated salt-water being sufficient to destroy every marine organism. It was supposed, by the salt-makers, to cause a clearing of the brine ; and was carefully transported to those vats which seemed to be deficient. It was never found in the evaporating pans, connected with the sea ; but only in the deep store pits, which held the concentrated solution just before boiling]. * The Rowe Saltern, No. 13 on list. Our Lymington salt was remarkably fine and white. ^ Artemixus salinus (Lamarck). A representation and description of this shrimp will be found in the Penny Cyclopsedia, art, Branchiopoda. 168 A SALT TITHE GRANT. A grant of a Tithe of all the Lymington Salt, by Richard de Redvers, to the Abbey of Quarr near Ryde, a.d. 1147. (translated). In the year after the Incarnation of Our Lord, mcxxxxvij. I, Richard de Eedvers, son of Count Baldwin, Do give and grant to God and the church of the Blessed Mary of Quarr, and to the Friars who serve God there, tithe of aU the salt from the salt-works at Lymington, as the same was granted by my father to the said church. I grant it (I say) for the [soul's] health of my mother, AdeUza, and of myself, and of all my ancestors. And I confirm the grant of Eobert de Withville, who has given to the said church the tithe of all his salt-works. Sigill. EICHAED DE EIVEEHS. His testibus : — Godfrey de Walville Peveril de Argenton Eobert MaschereU* WiUiam de Vemun Eichard de Argenton Eobert de Withville * It was reasonable, and even necessary, that witnesses to a deed should (in early times) have been selected for their knowledge of the localities in question, Notice the old deed on page lo. In the present case, I make a suggestion, that the witnesses are in reality such. Of Godfrey de Walville I know nothing, f William de Vernon is grandson to the grantor. Robert de Withville, who held salt-works under de Redvers, must surely have lived here — probably he held a knight's fee at Whitfield, near Milton — which appears in Domesday as Uitefel. The two De Argenton may be from a little hamlet near Milford, now known as (or corriipled into) Aggerton. Robert MaschereU still has representatives about Milton and the neighbourhood, under the variant names of Maskew, Maskell, and Mackarell. [I know the Widvilles, created Lord Rivers in 1488, and also the knightly family of De Argentine ; but see no connexion between th&Tn, and this neighbourhood. There were Argentons about Blandford, so late as 1 61 1 : but this does not explain the derivation of their name.] t Qy. fFa^[ham](ow or perhaps Pyleioell. Both had salt-works close by. r > fe^lLi- 169 Chapter xvi. THE MODERN TOWN. "And say not thou that former years were better than those of the present time : for this is the talk of a foolish person." — Eccl'us vii, 10. WE have followed the varying fortunes of Lynnington from the earliest period down to our own era ; and it may be interesting to observe what changes have taken place during that long period of time : to note the improved conveniences of living, the facilities of travelling, and other similar matters that affetS every-day life. The town stands, of course, in its old locality ; but it has gradually mounted the hill, and extended itself in a westerly diredtion ; the handsome, wide, and level street, as far as the church, being the addition to the old borough (page 3) made in 1250 by Baldwin de Redvers. Many houses have sprung up along the roads in various directions ; and a new suburb is beginning to show itself towards the south. Yet the main body of the town has but slightly increased, owing to the high price of the lands adjoining, and other reasons, which have for many years prevented speculative eredlions. Everything that is built is at once occupied ; and private residences and shops are rarely vacant, and eagerly caught up as soon as offered. The older buildings are fast disappearing, and new and modern struftures line the street and roadways. Elegant villas, with every convenience for life, abound all around us. The High Street, wide, level, and well paved, offers in all seasons a convenient and pleasant promenade, warm on the north w 170 THE HUNDRED ACRES. side in the winter, and on the south side, cool and shady in the summer sun ; sheltered against the south-western gales, which are most prevalent on this coast. Brilliantly lighted by gas, even on a winter's evening it affords an agreeable walk, whenever necessity or pleasure calls us into the open air. The Municipal borough has undergone no change in its area since it was last settled, more than six centuries ago. Its " Hundred Acres " still form a petty and restridled area, over which the jurisdi(5tion of the Mayor extends. The old Burgesses have been superseded by a Town Council ; but in so small a space their powers are trivial and limited, from the fa(5t that only part of the town lies within their rule. The tendency of this age seems to be to restridi:, rather than enlarge, these small jurisdidlions. Considerable trouble has been taken, at various times, to get the difficulty removed, by taking into the municipal borough at least the whole of the town ; but all without effe(5l, or at least without a great expenditure of money, wholly incom- mensurate with the expe(5ted result or advantage.* Great changes have necessarily taken place in our facilities of locomotion ; and we are now as near the metropolis as Epsom was in 1700 (page 99). The South-Western Railway connedts us with Southampton in an hour ; and with London in about three hours. The West of England (in an opposite diredlion) is equally within reach. The Isle of Wight (just opposite to us) is accessible several times a day by commodious steamboats, which also, in a very brief space of time, and at a trivial price, conneft us with Yarmouth and Freshwater ; as well as with the modern fashionable towns of Cowes and Ryde ; or with the great naval arsenal of Portsmouth, which closes the eastern extremity of the Solent by its vast forts and batteries. A similar safety is given to our (western) end, by the massive ramparts of Hurst, and the corresponding forts on the Island. Within this spacious area every kind of boating or yachting enjoyment may be had as in a vast land-locked lake. It is true we have no sea-beach ; and we He, like Venice, entrenched among our lagoons and mud, *The Borough boundaries were extended in 1SS9 and a separate Commission of the Peace obtained. THE FOREST SCENERY. I7l banks ; but this is common to all the water-side towns within the Isle of Wight.* The ooze, however, washed at each tide by the salt-water, is in no way offensive or unhealthy ; and as soon as the river channel is cleared, a fair breeze or flowing tide will rapidly carry the excursionist to the unique and magnificent scenery of the Needles, and the cliffs of Alum Bay glowing with their many-coloured sands in the sunshine, or to the more quiet land-locked shores that, on either hand, line the water's edge in an opposite direcflion. Turning inland, we are equally happily situated. Round our town lies an open belt of sparsely cultivated country, bordering on the New Forest. " As for the earth (says Fuller, speaking of these parts) it is both fayre and fruitful, and may pass for an expedient! between pleasure and profit, where, by mutual consent, they are both moderately accommodated : " — an accurate descrip- tion : for our soil is rather thin and poor; but this (to visitors) is amply compensated by the purity and salubrity of the atmosphere, which to be fully appreciated must be inhaled in a ride or drive over the long straight roads which run in all directions. The glowing blossoms of the golden furze, the purple tints of the heather, and the ever-varying tints of foliage, changing with the seasons, offer to the eye of the tourist a scene nowhere to be matched in the South of England. Beyond this open belt is the Forest proper — a charming feature peculiarily our own. Nothing like it can be found either in England or on the Continent. The wilder beauties of Nature may here be enjoyed to the utmost ; and if anything will bring back the rose to the cheek or strength to the limbs, the fresh and invigorating air cannot fail of its effecfts, to the town dweller or the casual visitor in pursuit of health. Nearer the town are a great number of walks, among country lanes overshadowed with elms and hedgerows. " The neighbour- * The same feature occurs all through the Southampton Water ; and many objections were made to the erection of the great MiUt.iry Hospital at Netley, on account of the supposed unhealthiness of the site. Experience has shown these objections to be unfounded ; and that position (like ours) is as salubrious as it is convenient. — Mm-ray's Handbook /or Hants. t A medium . 172 RELIGIOUS SECTS. hood is very beautiful, affording many excursions of interest,"* which the pedestrian will soon become acquainted with without a detailed description. One church (we speak of the edifice) still supplies the require- ments of the inhabitants : imperfecftly, although it has been at several times altered and enlarged, to endeavour to meet the increasing demands of the townspeople. New religious se(5ts have however come on the stage ; and they, divided and subdivided, form the various and ever-varying shades of Dissent, which exist at the present day. These in one sense have been the cause of our lack of church extension, and in another way, have served to palliate the deficiency.f Beside the Catholic (mother) church, we have Independents, Baptists, Wesleyans, and Plymouth Brethren, in the town ; and, in the immediate vicinity, the same, under various shades of division ; while, hard by, the very latest " maggot of corrupted texts " is placed before our notice in the shape of Mrs. Girling and her Shaker Community.^ To praise or dispraise any, is quite out of our scope ; and beyond our wish or intention. Suffice it to say, that if these are to be reckoned among the conveniences of a town, Lymington is well provided with every variety of spiritual food. As to provender of a more material nature, there is no lack. The •coarse Flesh Shambles (page 25) have long ago disappeared, and we rely no longer on the casual stalls of a market or a fair. Com- modious and elegant shops, which may be favourably compared with those of much larger towns, either as to their exteriors or their contents, supply everything that the necessities, the comforts, or the varying fashions of life can demand or desire. Beside the positive advantages above enumerated, there is another negative one that should not be overlooked. We have no manufaftures located here ; a facTt which, while it detracTts from * Murray's Handbook for Hants. For a more copious description, in Walks and Drives, see " Round Lymington and Through the New Forest." — E. King, Bookseller, Lymington. fThe Lymington tithes have been entirely alienated since 1166— and are still attached to the see of Gloucester and Bristol. Our Clergyman has till recently been paid by a voluntary subscrip- tion of the inhabitants : but in 1S73 a grant was obtained from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, which in some measure has remedied this shameless abuse, X The " Shakers " were located at Vagg's Lane, in the Parish of Hordle, but the Community dispersed on the death of Mrs. Girling, a few years since. ANCIENT GRAVE SLAB. SOCIAL FEATURES. 173 the wealth, adds to the quiet, the comfort, and the respedlability of a place ; there being no crowded back-slums, and no large bodies of squalid artificers, to form the nest or the food of epidemics in unhealthy seasons. The general salubrity of the town is unmistakably attested by the Registrar General's Reports. The epidemics which have on former years devastated the country have always avoided us ; and the advanced age arrived at by very many of the parishioners bears an equally conclusive testimony to the corre<5tness of our statements. Thus happily situated, Lymington has nearly always presented much the same social features. Its inhabitants have very seldom been disturbed by the bustle of trade or the affairs of Government (except at election times) ; and they have always enjoyed the same reputation of easy and civil manners. About a century ago, a popular writer describes the town as a chosen residence of retired officers, their friends, and their families ; and the same class will still be found here in good numbers.* The charadleristics of such a society would be somewhat like our soil ; and the idea was expressed in words attributed to the bells of our steeple, which were supposed to jingle out, in their chime — Poor, proud, Lyming-ton, come down ! a phantastical cadence, which served to remind all who heard it, both of the fadts of the case and the result which might naturally be anticipated, at a time when locomotion was much more difficult than at the present day ; and when tourists, seeking for health, amusement, or pastime, were utterly unknown. Our town still preserves the reputation it then had — as a quiet residence, where a moderate income and genteel society may be enjoyed to good advantage. In its happy distance from London, with such a proximity to so many centres of fashion and taste, it seems to * In Tom Jones, Lymington is the place where Partridge kept his school, and was niined by the rascally la\v7er. It was here too that Jael; Brarj brouglit his unfortunate yacht ; and Theodore Hook's rector oi Fuddiij-cum-pipes had his living in the neighbourhood. Cm-ious enquirers may search (if they will) for its exact locality, and the name of his successor. 174 THE poet's wish. realize exactly that spot, described ages ago by the Latin poet, as happily uniting in itself all the advantages that life and friendly intercourse could require. Not wrapp'd in smoky London's sulphurous clouds, And not far distant, stands my rural cot : Neither obnoxious to intruding crowds, Nor for the good and friendly too remote. So, when too much repose brings on the spleen. And the gay city's idle pleasures cloy, Swift as my changing wish I change the scene, And now the Country — now the Town — enjoy. Hsec Tim'Ti i non procul Urbe situs est, nee prorsus ad Urbem ; Ne patiar turbas, utque bonis potiar : Et quoties mutare locum fastidia cogunt, Transeo ; et alternis Euro vel Urbe fruor. AusoNiTJS — Ad Villam suam (circa a.d. 400). The wants of every generation are much the same. New fashions and modes may come and go, but the requirements of nature are unchangeable. Larger towns may offer more noise, fashionable ones more gaiety ; but there are few places in England or elsewhere, in which the solid comforts and agreeable con- veniences of life may be more satisfadlorily enjoyed than in the town and neighbourhood of Lymington. dTittiiS. EDWARD KING, PRINTER, LYMINGTON. APPENDIX. 7 cannot allow any fragment whatever, that floats in my memory, concerning the subject of this work, to be lost. Though a small particular may appear trifling to some, it will be relished by others ; while every little spark adds something to the general blaze. — Boswell. APPENDIX. iHnubns' at %inrUnmtnt tav '4Lmning;tan, 1584 Anthony Cooke, Esq. {27th Elizabeth). Richard Cooke, Esq.^ 1586 Francis Keilwaye, Esq. William Wallope, Esq. 1589 Francis Keilwaye, Esq. William Whyte, Esq. 1592 Richard Blunte, Esq. John Knight, Esq. 1597 Thomas West, Esq.^ Henry Wallope, Esq. 1601 Sir Francis Darcie, Kt. Thomas Ridley, LL.D. 1603 Thomas Marshall, Gent. {Ja7nef< I.) Thomas Zouche, Jun., Esq. 1614 Thomas Mar.sJiall, Gent. 1620 Sir William Dodington, Kt.^ Henry Campion, Esq. 1623 Nicholas Ferror, Esq.^ John Moore, Esq. ' Probablj- the two sons of Sir Edward Coke, the celebrated judge, at that time Speaker in the House of Commons. The name was pronounced, and written, indifferently, Coke, Cooke, or Cook. • Eldest son of Lord Delawarr. ^ Of Breamore, near Fordingbridge. ' Or Ferrers. Z 178 APPENDIX. 1625 John Button, Esq. (Charles I.) John Mills, Esq/. 1626 Herbert Dodington, Esq. John Moore, Esq. 1627 Herbert Dodington, Esq. Richard Whithed, Esq.'' 1640 John Dodington, Es((. John Kempe, Esq.^ Nov. John Button, Esq.^ (The Long Parliament). Henry Campion, Esq. 1658 John Button, Esq. (Under Richard Cromwell). Richard Whithed, jun., Esq. 1660 John Button, Esq. (Charles II.) Henry Bronifield, Esq. 1661 Sir William Lewis, Bart. John Bulkeley, Esq. (d.) 1662 Sir Nicholas Stewart, Bart." 1677 Sir Richard Knight {vice Lewis, d.) 1678 John Button, Esq. Bartholomew Bulkeley, sen., Esq. 1679 John Burrai-d, Esq. {vice Bulkeley, d.) 1679 John Button, Esq. John Burrard, Esq. 1680 Henry Dawly, Esq. John Burrard, Esq. 1685 Richard Holt, Esq.io (Jaiiies II.) John Burrard, Esq. 1688 The same. (Convention Parliament). 1689 John Burrard, Esq. (William and Mary). Thomas Dore, Esq. 1695 John Burrard, Esq. Thomas Dore, Esq. William Tulse, Esq. (vice Burrard, d.) 1698 Thomas Dore, Esq. George Burrard, Esq. * His father contested the Borough, unsuccessfidlj-, in 1620 (see ijlate ). ^ Of Tytherley, near Romsey. ' Of Haywood House, Boldre. " Buckland, Lj'mington. ' Of P.vlewell. '" A relative of Sir John Holt, afterwards Lord Chief Justice. AiTKxnix. 179 1700 Thomas Dore, Es(i. Paul Bur rani, Esi|. 1701 The same. {Queen Ai7ne). 1702 The same, no.j The same. 1707 Paul Burrard, Esq. Richard Chandler, Esq. 1710 Lord William Powlett. Paul Burrard, Esq. 1713 Lord William Powlett. Sir Joseph Jekyll, Kt.ii 1714 The same. (George I.) 1715 Richard Chandler, Esq. 1716 Sir Joseph Jekyll, Kt. 1719 Lord Harry Powlett. Paul Burrard, Esq. 1722 Sir Gilbert Heathcote.i^ 1727 Lord Nassau Powlett {George II.) 1729 Anthony Morgan, Esq. {d.) Hon. William Powlett. 1734 Sir John Cope, Bart.'^ Maurice Bocland, Esq. 1741 Lord Nassau Powlett. Harry Burrard, Esq. Hon. Charles Powlett. 1747 The same two. 1754 Harry Burrard, Esq. Lord Harry Powlett. 1761 Adam Drummond, Esq. Harry Burrard, Esq. 1768 The same. 1769 Hugo Meynell, Esq. 1774 Sir Harry Burrard, Bart. Edward Morant, Esq.^* 1778 Henry Goodricke, Esq. 1780 Thomas Dummer, Esq. (d.) " Master of the Eolls. >' Governor of the Bunk uf England. '■' Of Bramsbill, North Hants. " Of Brokenhurst. 1 80 APPENDIX. 1780 Harry Burrard, Esq. 1781 Edward Gibbon, Esq.i'* 1784 Harry Burrard, Esq. Robert Colt, Esq. 1788 George Rose, Esq.i« 1790 Harry Burrard, Esq. (Lieut., R.N.) Hai'ry Burrard, Esq. (Lieut. Colonel). 1791 Nathaniel Brassey Halhed, Esq.i' 1796 Sir Harry Burrard-Neale, Bart. William Manning, Esq.^* 1801 Sir Harry Burrard-Neale, Bart. 1802 William Manning, Esq. Harry Burrard, (Major General). John Kingston, Esq. 1806 Sir Harry Burrard-Neale, Bart. John Kingston, Esq. 1807 The same. Lieut.-Colonel George Ducket.^^ 1 ei o «f V, n + r ^^'' Harry Burrard-Neale, Bart. l»l. bth uct. ^ j^,^^ Kingston, Esq. {Chilt. Hundreds). 1814 4th Aug. John Taylor, Esq., of New Broad St., London. icia T7fV. T r ^'^" Harry Burrard-Neale, Bart. 1»1» lan June -^ William Manning, Esq., Combe Bank, Kent. C Sir Harry Burrard-Neale, Bart. {Chilt. Hnnds.) 1820 7th Mar. \ George Finch, Esq., Burley, Rutlandshire. {Chilt. y Hundreds). 1821 5th June William Manning, Esq. 1823 3rd April Walter Boyd, Esq., Plaistow Lodge, Kent. j" The same. 1826 10th June -! Guy Lenox Prendergast, Esq., of London. {Chilt. \ Hundreds). 1827 9th July Thomas Divett, Esq., Wimpole St., London. 1828 31st July George Burrard, Esq. 1830 31st July William Tatton Egerton, Esq., Tatton Park, Cheshire.^" '* Author of the ' ' Decline and Fall of the Eoman Empire. "^ See note to page 130. " The great supporters of the fanatic Brothers, "the prophet." '* Father of Cardinal Manning. " Afterwards a Baronet. -" Afterwards Lord Egerton of Tatton. APPENDIX. 181 [ Georoe Bun-ard, Esq. 1831 30th April William Alexander Mackinnoii, Esq., Hyde Park [ Place, London. j' Sir Harry Burrard-Neale, Bart. 1832 Dec. John Stewart, Esq. (The Albany). [ Gapf. Jnlin Blakiston. ,oQr T ( John Stewart, Esq. ib6i) Jan. j ^^^ ^^^^ Mackinnon, Esq. (Newtown Park). 1 John Stewart Esq. 1837 July - W. A. Mackinnon, Esq. I Sumnel Gregson, Esq. (London). j John Stewart, Esq. 18-il June • W. A. Mackinnon, Esq. I_ Hon. George Keppel. {As^hley Clinton). ( Hon. George T. Keppel.^i 1847 July - W. A. Mackinnon, Esq. [ John Steiimrt, Eftq. lissft A •! J ^- ^- Hutchins, Esq. (in room of Col. Keppel). 18&U April I Andrew Steuart, Esq. ! Sir John Rivett-Carnac, Bart. (Warborne). 1852 July - E. J. Hutchins, Esq. [ W. A. Mackinnon, Esq. ( W. A. Mackinnon, Esq., junr. Sir John Rivett-Carnac, Bart. Wnrren Peacocke, Esq. (Eford). Patrick Ganiphell- Johnston, Esq. ( W. A. Mackinnon, Esq., junr. 1859 April J. Sir John Rivett-Carnac, Bart. [ John Bramley-Moore, Esq. {Liverpool). { Lord George Gordon-Lennox (in room of Sir John 1860 May - Rivett-Carnac, Bart., retired). ( Henry R. Grenfell, Esq. 1 W. A. Mackinnon, Esq., junr. 1865 July } Lord George Gordon-Lennox. ( Thomas Norton, Esq. (Borough reduced to One Member). isrs "V / Lord George Gordon-Lennox. ( Daniel Pratt. (Ballot Act, 1872). 1874 F V> ^ Colonel Kennard. (Hordle House). 1^ CornwaUis West, Esq. (Ruthin). -' Afterwards Earl of Albemarle. 1857 March 182 APPENDIX. -foon f Colonel Kennard. \ Herman Southwood Smith. {By the " Redistribtdion of Seats Act, 1885," the representation was merged in that of the Cotmty). ^uoa / Francis Compton. ^^^^ \ H. M. Bompas. 1892 { Hon. John Scott Montagu. Joseph King, Esq. 1895 Hon. John Scott Montagu (unopposed). APPENDIX. 183 iHaoffr^ at %\mxinqtan. (From old Deeds). 1610 John Pratt 1611 Thomas Whale 1819 William Lyteltane 1612 Ed ward Kno wles 1823 Geoffrey Scurkig 1613 Thomas Whale 1329 William Littletaue 1614 George Barton 1406 Richard Draper 1615 William Dolinge 1464. John Qiiicke 1616 John Pratt 1503 George Kent 1617 Thomas Barker 1507 Robert Mailer 1618 William Dowe 1619 Edward Knowles (From Toivn Books). 1620 William Edwardes 1621 Tliomas Turner 1574 George Burrard 1622 Henry Button (d.) 1575 George Wallop Thomas Turner 1576 1623 Thomas Hurst 1577 1624 William Doliuge 1578 1625 Samuel Newce 1579 1626 William Dowe 1580 1627 Robert Edwards 1581 John Pratt 1628 Lawrence Sherwin 1582 Laurence Stokes 1629 William Edwardes 1583 John Mailer 1630 George Bui-rarde 1584 George Burrard 1631 George Barton 1585 Laurence Stokes 1632 Francis Guidott 15.S6 Thomas Loder 1633 David Urr}^ 1587 John Maudytt 1634 Thomas Janverin 1588 John Longe 1635 James Denmead 1589 John Buri-ard 1636 Richard Carter 1590 1637 John Richards 1591 1638 Thomas Tuiner 1592 Thomas Loder 1639 John Hurst 1593 Thomas Loder 1640 Francis Guidott 1594 Edmond Dowe 1641 Thomas Hurst 1595 John Maudytt 1642 William Doliuge 1596 John Longe 1643 Thomas Glevin 1597 John Burrard 1644 George Burrard 1598 Thomas Turbei'vile 1645 Ralph Dore 1599 Ralph Burrard 1646 John Edwards 1600 John Pratt 1647 George Dewy 1601 John Pratt 1648 Thomas Urry 1602 John Loder 1649 Barnard Knapton 1603 John Pratt 1650 Francis Guidott 1604 John Burrard 1651 George Burrard 1605 Luke Stevens 1652 Philip Dore 1606 John Burrard 1653 Philip Dore 1607 John Smith 1654 John Edwards 1608 Edmond Dowe 1655 William Dore 1609 Robert Pamplyn 1656 Francis Guidott 184 APPENDIX. 1657 Francis Guidott 1707 1658 Francis Guidott 1708 1659 Francis Guidott 1709 1660 William Burrard 1710 1661 Francis Guidott 1711 1662 Francis Guidott 1712 1663 John Edwards 1713 1664 William Moone 1714 1665 Thomas Urry 1715 1666 Earth. Harmood 1716 1667 Edward Stacey 1717 1668 Humphrey Banfield 1718 1669 George King 1719 1670 Thomas Glevia 1720 1671 Henry Bromtield 1721 1672 John Burrard 1722 1673 John Lamport 1723 1674 Samuel Samber 1724 1675 Henry Line 1725 1676 David Edwards 1726 1677 Edward Edwards 1727 1678 Paul Burrard 1728 1679 William Samber 1680 William Samber 1729 1681 John King 1730 1682 Phinehas Wright 1731 1683 Thomas Dore 1732 1684 Thomas Dore 1733 1685 Samuel Samber 1734 1686 Francis Hanbury 1735 1687 Robert Edwards 1736 1688 Richard Whithed 1737 1689 Sir Robert Smith, Bart. 1738 1690 Edward Beere 1739 1691 John Dore 1740 1692 John Burrard 1741 1693 John Burrard 1742 1694 John Burrard 1743 1695 Thomas Burrard 1744 1696 John Coombs 1745 1697 George Lesly 1746 1698 William Knapton 1747 1699 Paul Burrard 1748 1700 Robert Knapton 1749 1701 Lord William Powlett 1750 1702 Lord William Powlett 1751 1703 Lord William Powlett 1752 1704 Peter Gery 1753 1705 William Dale 1754 1706 Richard Chandler 1755 Joseph Hinxman Paul Burrard Hugh Harsnett Anthony Dawly Paul Burrard Edward Edwards Lord Henry Powlett Peter Crew John Burford Paul Burrard William Vesey Hon. William Powlett Hugh Harsnett William Vesey Hon. William Powlett Phineas Wright Lord Nassau Powlett Lord William Powlett Lord Harry Powlett Paul Burrard Odber Knapton Lord William Powlett (d.) Odber Knapton Paul Burrard Lord Nassau Powlett Lord Chas. A. Powlett John How Paul Burrard Harry Burrard John Bromfield George Trenchard Thomas Sheppai'd Harry Burrard Hon. John Wallop John How Lord Harry Powlett Harry Burrard Lord Charles Powlett Eli Harsnett John Mordaunt John Dummer Vesey How Edward Hooker Harry Burrard William Shepard Joseph Shepard Thomas Lee Dummer William Burrard Vesey How Thomas Shepard APPENDIX. 185 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 Edward Trattle Lord Harry Powlett William Shepard Joseph Shepard William Burrard Lord Harry Powlett Charles, [5th] Duke of Bolton Harry Burrard Charles, [5th] Duke of Bolton {d.) Harry Burrard William Burrard Philip Jennings William Burrard Harry, [6th] Duke of Bolton William Burrard Sir Harry Burrard [1st] Bart. Harry, [6th] Duke of Bolton William Burrard Harry, [6th] Duke of Bolton William Burrard George Burrard Sir Harry Burrard, Bart. Thomas Shepard Rev. Bolton Simpson, D.D. Sir Harry Burrard, Bart. Thomas Shepard Sir Harry Burrard, Bart. Thomas Beckley Harry Darby Harry Burrard (Capt.) Charles Bowles Philip Bromfield Thomas Beckley William Trattle William Rooke Harry Burrard (Col.) Sir Harry Burrard, [2nd] Bart. Rev. George Burrard Charles Bowles William Rooke Thomas Beckley John Walter Harry Darby 1798 Charles Bowles 1799 Thomas Beckley 1800 Rev. George Burrard 1801 Wm. Roberts (Major) 1802 Robert Allen 1803 John Abel Walter 1804 Rev. Ellis Jones 1805 Thomas Beckley 1806 William Trattle 1807 Samuel Cleaveland 1808 Rev. George Burrard 1809 Philip Burrard 1810 John Abel Walter 1811 Robert Allen 1813 Thomas Beckley 1814 Rev. Ellis Jones 1815 Thomas Beckley 1816 Rev. Thomas Rivett 1817 Rev. Thomas Beckley 1818 John Armstrong 1819 Rev. Joseph Hollis 1820 Rev. George Burrard 1821 Rev. Ellis Jones 1822 Rev. Thomas Beckley 1823 Rev. George Rooke 1824 Adm. Joseph Bingham 1825 Rev. George Burrard 1826 Rev. Ellis Jones 1827 William Wowen Rooke 1828 James Brown 1829 William Love (Capt.) 1830 Rev. Ellis Jones 1831 James Monro 1832 Charles St. Barbe 1833 Rev. Thomas Beckley 1834 Robt. Hockings (Capt.) {Municipal Reform Act.) 1835 Charles St. Barbe 1836 James Monro 1837 Edward Hicks 1838 James Corbin 1839 William Towsey, M.D. 1840 Charles St. Barbe 1841 Edward Hicks 1842 William Towsey 1843 Charles St. Barbe 1844 James Corbin 1845 William Towsey Y 186 APPENDIX. 1846 Charles St. Barbe 1847 Edward Hicks 1848 Charles St. Barbe (d.) Nicholas Adams 1849 Nicholas Adams 1850 James Corbin 1851 Nicholas Adams 1852 George Inman 1853 Nicholas Adams 1854 James Corbin 1855 Richard King 1856 Richard King 1857 Richard Sharp 1858 John Hayward 1859 John Hayward 1860 Richard King 1861 James Corbin 1862 Isaac Bentley Purchase 1863 Richard King 1864 Richard King 1865 James Corbin 1866 Richard King 1867 George St. Barbe 1868 George St. Barbe 1869 James Corbin 1870 Isaac Bentley Purchase 1871 Edward King 1872 Edward King 1873 Richard King 1874 Daniel Craft 1875 Daniel Craft 1876 Leonard Lewis 1877 Leonard Lewis 1878 Edward King 1879 William Murdoch 1880 William Stewart Good 1881 Daniel Craft 1882 Henry Badcock 1883 William Banks 1884 Daniel Craft 1885 William Murdoch 1886 William Stewart Good 1887 Henry Badcock 1888 William Murdoch 1889 Villiers Francis Dent 1890 Villiers Francis Dent 1891 William Robinson Hill 1892 William Robinson Hill 1893 Richard Sharp 1894 John Charles Nike King 1895 Leonard Lewis 1896 T. J. Davis Rawlins 1897 T. J. Davis Rawlins 1898 E. H Pember, Q.O. For Notes on the Mayors, see their names as Burgesses. Mayors Elected since the Publication of this Volume. 1899 E. H. Pember, Q.C. 1900 E. H. Pember, Q.C. 1901 Villiers Francis Dent 1902 Villiers Francis Dent 1903 John Peyto Charles Shrubb 1904 John Peyto Charles Shrubb 1905 James Dyer 1906 Jame.s Dyer 1907 Stephen Hayward 1908 Charles Thomas Kins' APPENDIX. 187 jTrre ^uvQc^^e^ at tfrt ISffrffugft at ilnmiitgtffn. Collected from the Books of the Corporation now extant. 1574 1586 1589 1593 1596 1597 George Burrard John Mailer Robert Wellesi Richard Casford^ Thomas Loder John Mawdytt Bartholomew Dowe^ Richard Bright John Baylle^ John Clare* John Burrard Edmond Dowe John Longe, Gent* John Bunch John Smith John Pratt David Blake John Mowdye Walter .Mychell Lawrence Stokes William Moorynge John Casford William Whyte, Esq.^ Robert Pamplyn, Esq.* Bartholomew Welles Richard Hardy, Esq. Ralph Burrard Tho. Turbervile, Gent.' 1597 Thomas Marshall, Gent. 1598 Arthur Dowe John Loder 1599 John Castell 1600 Luke Stevens John Pope Thomas Whale 1603 Richard Michell Edmund Wyltshere Thomas South, Gent.* 1604 John Barne.s 1605 Sir Walter Longe, Kt. 1606 John More, Esq. 1608 George Barton 1610 Robert Edwards Thomas Butler 1611 Henry Elliott Thomas Barker Sir Ambrose Button, Kt. Edward Knowles, Gent. William Doling Henry Button, Esq. Thomas Turner William Edwardes William Knight John Richards Thomas Hurst John Colles ' Both sign by marks. " Dost thou use to write thy name ? or hast thou a mark to thyself, like an honest, plain-dealing man?" — Jack Cade, in "King Henry VI." ^ The curious monimiental tablet in Beaulieu Church (to Mary D'O) belongs to this family, which has long been located here, and apjiears likely to flourish still for some time. The inscription is given in Round Lymington and through the New Forest, page 26 — (King, Lymington) — -price 6d. ^ These names, Baylle and Clare, appear in tho Visitation of 1543. (Appendix). * An ancestor of his held four messuages at Buckland, temp. 1483: and a descendant was elected a Burgess in 160.5. The family seat was Draycot, WUts. ^ Of Moyle's Court, near Eingwood : afterwards of PyleweU. " See page 37. ' Of the family long settled at Bere Regis, Dorset. ° Of Baddesley, Lymington. 188 APPENDIX. 1611 1612 1613 1616 Bartlioloinew BulkleyS | 1627 William Dorei" Ralph Blake Edward Benger Henry Hollister^i Charles Thynne, Esq. David Urryi2 William Dowe j 1628 William Saunders ! James Denmead 1631 William Wiltshire, Jun. 1633 1624 Samuel Newie, Esq. 1633 1625 Francis Guidott^^ 1626 George Sadleir, Gent. George Burrard John More, Esq. 1634 Law. Sherwin, Gent. 1635 1627 John Hurst, Gent Thos. Janverin, Gent.^^ Thomas Barnaby Herb. Dodington, Esq."' Rich. Whithed, Esqi« John Button, Esq. Edward Tutt, Esq.^' Edward Cheke, Esq.i^ Sir John Di-ake, Kt. George Southcott, Esq. Thomas Urrv, Gent. Thomas Glevini^ Silvester Plunkett Richard Carter Bartholomew Guy Sir J. Oglander, Kt.^" Th. Bowreman, Esq.^^ John Hildesley, Gent. Ralph Dore ' The Manor of Lymington was long held by the Bulkeleys: and the Borough was represented by them (in 1661 and 1678). The family seat was Burgate, near Fordingbridge. One of them appears to have been in business here, as a town token bears his name (page 66). '" Several of this name were Mayors : and one (Thomas) represented the town in parliament at the close of the 17th century (page 76). They inter- married with the Button and other resident families ; but are now extinct. " A Bristol family ; afterwards Quakers. Penn's second wife was a descen- dant. This individual makes a singular signature : a capital H, and a rude representation of a holster : a play on his name. '' Of the very ancient family settled in the Island ; and resident here for a considerable period. '^ See note, page 65. " Probably the name now existing in and ahout the town, as Jenvey. '= Of Breamore, Hants. Members in 1620, 1625, and 1640. Bubb Dodington, afterwards Lord Meloombe Regis, was a descendant. The family seat is in Dodington parish, North Somerset. Sir F. Dodington was high-sherifi of Somerset, temp. Charles I. "^ Of Tytherley, Hants. He and his son were Memhers in 1628 and 1658. " Of Chilbolton, near Andover. '" Of the very ancient house of Mottisfont, I.W. Sir John Cheke was one of the earliest Greek scholars in England ; and, according to the lines of Milton (dear to every Oxford man) — "Taught Cambridge learning, and King Edward Greek." He was tutor to King Edward VI. '^ Issued a town token (page 66). -" Of NunweU, I.W. He was the earUest historian of the Island : and his collected materials were used by Sir Richard Worsley, in his more elaborate work on the same subject. •' Bowreman, Boreman, or Borman — an old familj- long settled in the neigh- bourhood of Lymington ; and at Beauheu, where the ruinous dweUing near the church still bears the appellation of " Boreman's House." Their capital seat was at Brooke, Ln the Island. APPENDIX. 189 1637 1638 1639 1640 1642 1643 1645 1646 Eichard Cooper, Gent. John Kempe, Esq.-^ Robert Hurst, Gent. John Edwards Robert Edwards William Edwards John Dodington, Esq. Francis Thorpe, Gent. Edr. Turvile, Gent.-^ Henry Campion, Esq.^* Rich. Campion, Esq.-* Stephen March, Esq. Rob. Knapton, Gent.-^ Wm. Jones, Clerk^" George Dewey, Gent. John Stansby, Esq. John Stanley, Gent. Tristram Stevens, Esq. Richard Edwards, Esq. Wm. Tulse, Gent.''^ George Burrard, Jun. Bartholomew Bulkley John Button, Jun., Esq. 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1658 1660 Henry Whithed, Esq.^s Barnard Knapton, Gent. Thomas Erie, Esq. William Burrard Rd. Compton, Esq.^* Philip Pococke, Gent. George Musgrove, B.D. Francis Kempe, Gent. Hen. Tichborne, Esq.'" William Jes.son, Esq. Thomas Jesson, Esq. Thomas Glevin, Jun. William Dore Thomas Andrews Philip Dore, Gent. Hy. Bromfield, E.sq.^i Richard Phillips, Gent. Richard Cole, Gent. John Wilson, Gent. John Ridout, Esq.^- Henry Tulse, Esq. John Bulkeley, Esq. William Knapton '^ Eepresented Chvistchurch in the Long Parliament. He d. 1652, and lies buried at Boldre, in which church there is a curious monumental tablet to his memory, with his bust in cavalier habit. The Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury (of the same name) in the reign of Henry VI was of this fanuly. '^ Or Turberville ; of Bere Regis, Dorset. ^ The first mentioned was returned to Parliament in 1620, and again in 1640. The lordship of the Manor was in this family from 1616 to 1664 (if not before), but it does not appear that their residence was here, or in any part of Hamp- shire. -* Several of this name appear in the list of Burgesses. The manor of Eoyden, in Brokenhurst parish, was held by them. Wdliam resided at Wick, near Christchurch ; and was father to the noted booksellers in London, and of George, a painter, and Keeper of the King's drawings, {cina 1745). Another William was of Watcomb House, Brokenhurst (now destroyed). '' Vicar of Boldre. -■' Of Hinton near Christchurch : intermarried with the Hastings family (vide Huntingdon Peerage). Members of both famihes lie in our chancel. ^ Of Tytherley. ''" Of Bisterne, Eingwood. '" Of the family now so well known by the celebrated trial. They held Pennington, Efford, and other estates adjoining Lymington, and in the Isle of Wight. ^' Eepresented the Borough in Parliament in 1660. The family was seated at Heywood House, Boldre (below Boldre Church) ; they held office under the Lord Warden of the New Forest ; several were in the burgess list. WiUiam, a celebrated surgeon in London {d. 1 792) was of this family. 5^ Of Christchurch. 190 APPENDIX. 1660 1661 1663 166i 1666 1667 Rev. Wm. Gearing^' Sir Nich. Stuart, Bart.^* John March, Gent. Sir William Lewis, Bart. Sir Jno. Trott, Bart.^^ George King William Moon Edward Staeey Barthol. Harmood^^ Humphrey Banfield Sir Jno. Mill, Bart." Wm. Powlett, Esq. Thomas Fitzjames, Esq. Thomas Leigh, Esq.^^ Henry Bromfield, Esq. Thomas Darell, Gent. George Fulford, Esq.''' Jno. Newburgh, Esq.^" Thomas Neale, Esq." John Hoskyns, Esq." 1667 1672 1674 167.') 1676 1677 John Burrard, Gent. Paul Burrard, Gent. Saml. Samber, Esq.*' John Lamport, Gent. Henry Lyne David Edwards Edward Edwards William Samber Phineas Wright" William Knapton Robert Edwards John King*^ Edward Beere"* Sir Rd. Knight, Kt."* Barthol. Bulkley, jun. John Button, Esq. Rt. Hon. Edward Noel Thomas Knolles, jun. Richard Holt, Esq. Philip Dore, Gent. ** Curate of Lymington. " Of Hartley Mauduit, Hants ; and of Pylewell. His daughter was m. to Sir James Worsley, Kt. and carried Pylewell into the Worsley family. A descendant of a Stuart must have been a Jacobite in 1700 (page 86). '^ Of Laverstoke, Hants. ^^ Was Mayor in 1666, in which year he issued a town token with his name, by which it appears that he was by trade a tallow-chandler, as it represents a man making candles. A descendant (Harry H.) had considerable property in the town, but he resided at Alresford, and had the office of Messenger to the Great Seal. He d. 1792. His dau. m. the Rev. James Scott, of Itchin, by whom she had a daughter, m. to Edward, 4th Earl of Oxford. ^" Of Mottisfont, l.W. » Of Northcourt, l.W. '" Of ToUer Pratrum, Dorset (see page 81). '" Of Worth, CO. Dorset. ■" Of Warnford, near Bishop's Waltham. *■ Of the Middle Temple. « Of Brokenlmrst. ** A grocer of the town (see his token, page 66). *' Salt manufacturer at Lymington. King's Saltern occupied the site of the present Bath House : and King's Post was nearly opposite, in the river. The Baltic and A mcrican Posts (further down) marked the spots where vessels loaded for those countries. [They are now removed]. '■^' A chapter of romance here occurs — Wilham Beere, a descendant, sunk into great poverty, and his daughter Nanej' was taken, as waiting-maid, into the service of a lady of the name of Hackman, then resident here. She was a pleasing joung woman, and attracted the attention of the Rev. Thomas Thurlow, who visited the house, and married her in 1777. His brother was afterwards the Lord Chancellor ; and the Eev. gentleman himself became Bishop of Durham : his eldest son, Edward, succeeding as second Lord Thurlow, on the death of his uncle in 1806. ^° Of Chawton, near Alton. APPENDIX. 191 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 Barnard Strode, Esq. John Maskew Edward Burfoofc Bartholomew Bulkley Kalph Hastings, Esq.*** John Dore Sir R. Dillington, Bart. Sir Jas. Worsley, Bart.*' Frs. Hanbury, Gent.** John Priaulx, Gent. Sir Jn. Coventry, K.B.*' Sir Jn. Hohnes Kt.'" Henry Dawley, Esq. Thomas Cobbe, Esq. Thomas Bulkley, Gent. William Edwards John Edwards Richard Peirce William Urry James Shambler Thomas Dore George Burrard, Gent. Henry Tulse, Esq. Richard Good, Gent. Thomas Hooper, Esq. Jas. Hooper, Gent.*^ Daniel Blake, Esq. Richard Whithed, Esq. Thomas Bulkley Mr. Roger Mompesson William Bulkley, Esq. 1684 John Venables, Esq. Edward Matthews, Esq. Edward Odber, Gent. Thomas Wavell, Gent. 1685 Rt. Hon. Charles, Earl of Wiltshire Francis Palmer, Esq. 1686 Rt. Hon. Visct. Campden Edw. Fleming, Esq.*^ Robert Knolles, Esq. Francis Hopegood, Esq. Robert Smyth, Esq.=» Matthew Bennett, Esq. 1687 Henry Jones. Gent. Francis Dickins, Esq." 1688 Sir John Mill, Bart. Sir Hele Hooke, Bart. Samuel Thompson, Esq. Thomas Grove, Esq. 1693 Ralph Hastings Thomas Burrard Henry Hackman Richard King John Edwards Henry Wale, sen. Henry Wale, jun. Edward Woolls John Hinton^^ John Stacey John Coombes 1695 George Lesly "* See Huntingdon Peerage. He tn. a daughter of John Burrard, M.P. « Of Pj'lewell (see No. 34). ** Lord of the Manor of Walhampton (1660), which was purchased by the Burrard family in 1668. " See page 72. ^ He held the patronage of Yarmouth, Newtown and Newport ; besides great property in the Isle of Wight. His monument in Yarmouth Church, with erect statue in marble, and long Latin inscription (by Freind), is remarkable on many accounts. " Of Heron Court near Chritchurch (see note, page 130). " Of North Stoneham, Hants. ^ Grandson of Sir Robert Smyth, of Upton, co. Esses, who was created a Baronet in 1665. He succeeded to the title on the death of his father ; and m. Anne, dau. of Henry Whithed (or Whithead) of Tytherly. He was Member of Parliament for Andover in 1695 ; and resided at Buckland : several of his children were born here. Was Mayor in 1689, and gave evidence before a Committee of the House of Commons, relative to the contested election for this Borough in 1710. (Page 107). " Recorder in 1704. " Curate of Lymington. 192 APPENDIX. 1695 Edward Beere, jun. Robert Ta3''lor, jun. Thomas Stacey William Chappell Wilderness Watson 1698 William Knapton, Esq. William Tulse, Esq. Rt. Hon. Lord William Powlett 1699 Foott Onslow, Esq. Henry Holmes, Esq. Paul Burrard, Gent. Robert Knapton, Gent. Anthony Morgan, Esq. Anthony Dawly, Esq. Roger Clutterbuck, Esq. George Hastings, Gent. Parkinson Odber, Gent. Hugh Harsnett, Gent. John Colborne, sen. John Venables, Esq. Edward Hooper, Esq. William Goldwyer, Esq. John Purdue, Esq. William Dale, jun., Gent. W. Knapton, jun., Gent. Wm. Samber, jun., Gent. Henry Crofts, Esq. William Hooke, Gent. John Burford, Gent. Peter Crew, Gent. 1700 James Crofts, Esq. Chas. Mompesson, Esq. John Leigh, Esq. 1701 Rich. Chandler, Esq.'^ G. Rodney Bridges, Esq. Thomas Hobby Francis Dickins, Esq. Samuel Legg Samber, jr. 1701 Peter Gery, Gent. Charles Hooper, Gent. NortonPowlett, Esq. George Bridges, Esq. 1702 Henry Sharp, Esq. John Blake, Gent." 1704 Thomas Day, Esq. Jos. Hinxman, Es(j.'* 1705 Rt. Hon. Charles, Marquis of Winchester Charles Norton, Esq. John Bromfield, Esq. Samuel Pitman, Esq. James Worsley, Esq. Peter Bettesworth, Esq. 1708 Thos. Jervoiso, Esq.'" Thomas Buckler, Gent. Roger Beere Edward Edwards, jun. Charles Garey William Vesey"" 1709 Henry Hooke, Esq. Walter Godfrey, Esq. Wm. Stanley, Esq.^^ John Swinford, Esq. Robert Knapton, Esq. David Urrj', Gent. Bartholomew Bulkley 1710 Right Honble. Earl of Galloway Hon. Lord Hen. Powlett Sir Jno. St. Barbe, Bt.«2 Sir Dewy Bulkeley, Kt. Abraham Weeks, Esq. William Colt, Esq.«3 1712 Hoby Comptou, Esq. Jas. Fras. Perkins, Esq. James CofEn, Gent. Phineas Wright ^ Of Fernhill, Lymington. ^' Of Winchester. ^ An old family about Hinton and Christchurch.. Intermarried with the Tulse and Hastings families. '' Of Herriard, near Alton. '" Town Clerk ^' Of Paultons, near Eomsey. ^' Of Broadlands, near Romsey. ^' Intermarried with the Burrard family. APPENDIX. 193 John Burrard, Esq. Mr. Johu How Mr. Stephen Kneller Mr. Jos. Sheppard, jun. Mr. Thomas Sheppard Mr. John Sparrow Hon. Charles A. Powlett William Goldwyer, Esq™ Mr. Samuel Hookey'" Edw. Hookey, jun., Esq. Paulet St. John, Esq. Mr. John Hooker'" Naphtaly Hussy, jr., Esq. Mr. Ralph Dore John Burrard, Esq. Sir Jn. Barrington, Bt."- William Buri-ard Hon. John Mordaunt Sir Thos. Hoby, Bart.'^ William Vesey How'^ David Wright Eli Harsnett J. Trenchard Bromfield G. Trenchard, jun., Esq.'* Thomas Shepard, jun. Hon. John Wallop'* George Burrard Hon. Charles Powlett Hon. Charles Wallop John Dummer, Esq. Harry Powlett, Esq. Robert Colebrook, Esq. Thomas Brand, Esq. Philip Jennings, Esq. Rev. Denis Bond T. Lee Dummer, Esq. Richard Houlditch, Esq. " Master of the Eolls. "' Of Lymington. Surveyor of Salt duties. "' Of Somerlej', Eingwood. ''Captain of a merchant vessel, which in 1697 brought Peter the Great to England, from Saardam. A .silver cup given by the Czar, was long preserved in the familj-. His son died in 1761, aged 84. The quay now known as Grnnsell's quay was, till recently, known as Northover's. *« Town Clerk. «» See page 117. '" All " of Christchurch " " Of Swainston, near Yarmouth. " Of Somerley, Hants. " Collector of Salt duties, Lymington. " Of Wolveton, Dorset. " Son of John, Viscount Lymington. z 1713 John Wallop, Esq. 1726 Sir Jos. Jekyll, Kt.«^ Richard Smith Thomas Sparrow^* Charles Bulkley George Trenchard, Esq. 1714 Rt. Hon. Wm. Powlett Thomas Moi-gan, Esq. Henry Stacey James Burt Joseph Sheppard, jun. Sir Thos. Hoby, By 1715 Sir Tristram Dillington, Bart. 1727 John Sparrow John North over^' 1728 1716 Mr. Lambert Burford 1730 Mr. Thomas Bromfield Mr. Benjamin Bevis 1732 1717 Henry KnoUys, Esq. 1733 Sir Richard Mill, Bart. 1734 1718 Edward Hooker, Esq. 1735 Naphtaly Hussey, Esq. 1736 OdlDer Knap ton"* 1737 1719 Capt. Samuel Chadwick 1738 Samuel Pitman, Esq. 1739 Hugh Harsnett, jun. 1740 James Burt, jun., Gent. 1741 1720 George Stanley, Esq. 1742 Hoby Stanley, Esq. 1743 John Vining, Gent. 1745 Chas. Colborne, Gent.e" 1722 Rt. Hon. Nassau Powlett 1723 Harry Burrard, Esq. 1724 Charles Wither, Esq. 1725 Robert Bristow, Esq. 1726 Andrew Charlton, Esq. 194 APPENDIX. 1745 John Dives, Esq. D'Oyley Bromfield, Esq. Henry Penton, Esq. John Knapton, Esq. Mr. John How, jun. Mr. Edward Trattle' Mr. William Kneller Mr. William Shepard" Mr. Benjamin Shepard Mr. James Dale H.R.H. Frederick, Prince of Wales'' 1747 1750 1760 1774 H.R.H. Edward, Duke of York" Mr. Harry Burrard^ Lieut. H. Burrard John Wowen, Esq.* Mr. Philip Burrard" Henry Penton, Esq.^i Rich. Hopkins, Esq.^- John Bond, Esq.^^ Sir John Goodrieke'* Rev. B. Simpson, d.d.^^ Giles Rooke, Esq.ie Nathaniel Bond, Esq. Harry Darby, Esq.^" Mr. George Burrard^^ 1774 Benj. Hopkins, Esq.^''* T. Goodricke, Esq.'-" Mr. T. Shepard, jun.-i Rev. J. Simpson, d.d.^^ Mr. Joseph Pearce'^ J. Westbrooke, Esq.'-** Thomas Durell, Esq. Geo. Lempriere, Esq.^^ A. S. Hamond, Esq.28 Col. George Morrison^' James Morrissy, Esq.^ Mr. Thomas Beckley'^ Mr. William Trattle^o Mr. Wm. Holloway'i Lieut. Nath. FarnalP^ Lucy Knightley, Esq.^^ Mr. Wm. Toldervy" James Clarke, Esq.^^ Major John Brewse^^ John T. Durell, Esq.^? R. Bromfield, m.d.^* John Trenchard, Esq.^* P. Bromfield, Esq.« N. Humfrey, Esq." Thos. Dummer, Esq.*^ John Bond, jun., Esq. 1783 Wm. Sutherland, Esq." ' A Newport family. " Collector of Coal duties, Lyming^on. ' Seepage 120. * Of Lymington (9 years old) afterwards Sir Harry Neale. ' Hurst, Berks. "' Lymington (19 years old), afterwards General. " Of Winchester. " Oving, Bucks. '' Grange, Dorset. " Bramham Park, Yorkshire. '* Yicai- of Milford. '° Afterwards Judge. " Of Lothbury, London. '° (Five years old) afterwards Bart. " Alderman, London. '" Of London. =' Of LjTnington. ^- Waybill, Wilts. ^ Afterwards d.d. " Forest Hall, Essex. -^ Merchant, London. =" Of Norton, I.W. (afterwards Admiral and Bart.) '" Ham, Surrey. ^' Surgeon, Lymington. ^' Of Christchurch. ^ Fawsley, Northampton. ^ Of WTiarton, Herefordshire, ^^ Of Jersey. ^' Wimpole Street, London. " Of Blandford. ^ Of Lymington. *> Town Clerk. ^ M. the daughter of Lt.-Col. Burrard. ^ Of Leominster. 5* Of Chigwell, Essex. ^ Of London. " Capt. of the Salisbury, E. 1. Co. " Cranbury, Hants. Of Lymington. APPENDIX. 195 1783 Charles Bowles, Esq." Mr. T. Beckley. jun.« Mr. Samuel Oviatt^8 Thomas Pickard, Esq.*' Rev. George Pickard John Kingston, Esq.^ William Rooke, Esq.« Nash Grose, Esq.*" Rev. John Manning^'^ Rev. William Bond 1791 John Walter, Esq.^^ 1796 Baron Bridport'^s H. Farnall, Lieut. R.N. 1800 S. Cleaveland, Esq.=* Major Wm. Roberts^^ Robert Allen, Esq.^e 1802 Hon. Geo. Grey, R.N." John Cooke, Esq., R.N. Capt. John A. Walter^ Rev. Ellis Jone.s^" 1806 Col. George Dueketfo 1811 Thomas Beckley, jun. 1814, Sir C. Burrard, Bt.^i 1814 Rev. Thomas Rivett^^ Lt.-Col. Wm. Homeos Rev. Joseph Hollis Rev. Richard Warner'^* 1816 John Armstrong, Esq.'^ J. Bingham, Capt. R.N.*'* Rev. John Gilpin" 1820 Rev. George Rooke«8 Leonard C. Rooke, R.N. Edw. Burrard, Esq.c^ Adm. Sir Byam Martin Hon. Sir Henry Hotham Hon. Robert Greville™ 1826 George Burrard, Esq. W. W. Rooke, Esq.'i Capt. J. Lyons, R.N." 1827 James Brown'^ Charles T. Rooke, R.N. John F. Breton, Esq."^* Peter Breton, Esq.'* W. C. Lempriere, R.h.a. Rev. Robert Allen'^ 1828 Capt. Wm. Love, R.N.'" " Of BucUand. " Surgeon, Lymington. " Wine Merchant, 105 High Street, Lymington. " Of Bloxford, Dorset. *" Of Lymington. *' Godalming, Surrey. " Of Vicar's HiU. *' Afterwards Bart. *' Curate of Lymington. " See page 158. " Merchant, London. ^ Afterwards Judge. '- South Baddesley. *^ Afterwards Viscount. " E. I. Co. Service ^ Of Lymington. ^ Ashley, Lymington. ™ Afterwards Bart. '' Of Milford. Of Yarmouth (E. I. Co.) " Curate of Boldre ; Author of many antiquarian works. — His Literary Recollections, 2 vols. 8vo., contain many interesting particulars relating to Lymington and Christohurch, at the close of the eighteenth century. "" Priestlands. '^ Grove House. Afterwards Admiral. Buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. " Stockton-on-Tees. ^ Embleton, Northumberland. ^^ Son of General Sir H. Burrard. ■"' Clerk of the Privy Council. " Woodside, Lymington. " Of St. Austins, Lymington. " Afterwards Town Clerk. "*' Of Southampton. "* Lived at Polygon, Southampton, and many years Chairman of Southampton County Petty Sessions, " Barcombe, Sussex. '« Of Yarmouth, l.W. 196 APPENDIX. 1630 Win. Manning, Esq." R. B. Crozier, Esq.'^ H. T. Frampton, m.d.'s Capt. R. Hockings8» Rev. Thos. Robinson'^ Augustus Brine, Esq.^^ James Munro, Esq.^ Charles St. Barbe^* Major C. M. Roberts^e " Father of Cardinal Manning. ™ Westhill, Freshwater. "" ~ ~ ™ Wood end, Lymington. '^ Boldre House *' Of Lymington. " Grove House, Lymington. «' Vicar of Milford. Afterwards Admiral. Banker, Lymington. ^ Everton House, Lymington. The Municipal Corporation Act passed in 1835 ; and threw open the Burgessship to the Inhabitants at large. APPENDIX. 197 YARMOUTH EXTRACTS. Lymington has always been more or less connecTled with Yar- mouth ; as, from the earliest times, in passing to and from the Island, one town has been the terminus a quo, and the other the terminus ad quevi. This contiguity gives a reason for including in the present work some brief but curious notices, which have come to the writer's knowledge since its compilation. The Town Records of Yarmouth are lost ; but were in existence at the end of the last century. There is a piece of local scandal connecfted with their disappearance which (whether true or not) I shall here perpetuate. The inhabitants at that time (say about 1780) were all either smugglers, or their friends and abettors. At the close of the American War, government was more adlive in the suppression of the contraband trade, and a revenue cutter was stationed off Lymington, which soon captured a cargo of spirits, &c. But on the men being taken before the authorities at Yarmouth, upon some plea or quibble, they were all discharged by their friends in power. This so enraged the officer, that he swore, with many an oath, such as Lieutenant Hatchxvay or Tom Pipes might have used, that he'd if he did'nt go ashore and take away their mace, and books, and everything they had. Accord- ingly he landed a boat's crew (it is said) ; and broke into the Town Hall, captured the mace, carried off the town books ; and retreated with the spoils, to his ship, in safety. The mace (I have been told) still exists ; but the books have never since been seen. The antiquarian will wish it was just the contrary. But I have recently read a transcript, made in 1767, of the proceedings of the Court Leet of the town, which preserves many curious particulars of local names, and of bygone customs 198 APPENDIX. upwards of two centuries ago. From this, a selecTlion has been made of some of the entries most interesting at the present time. The original (written in Latin, in the abbreviated Court-hand of the time) must have been partially illegible. This we can see, by the errors made by the more modern writer ; who has, in many instances, filled in the abbreviated words wrongly. He was, however, a careful copyist, for when a word was beyond his comprehension, he imitated its appearance. Some of these errors are correcTted, where the sense would be vitiated : others remain unaltered. The reader, on seeing any such grammatical solecisms will be indulgent. The book commences on Sept. 7th, " in the forty-third yeare of Queen Elizabeth, which was the yeare 1600," as the first page informs us. Some portions we shall give in the original ; and the rest translated more or less, for the amusement of the reader. The Court Leet was already in a declining state ; its jurisdidtion being greatly weakened by the increased powers given to Justices of the Peace about this time. The Court sat only twice in a year, whereas the justices were always accessible to complainants; and this facft alone would much restridl its usefulness : still its powers were somewhat extensive. It could originally inquire into every offence that was felony at Common Law ; but could only certify the jurors' finding to the judges of gaol-delivery, who punished the criminal. But it still kept the power of adjudicating on such minor offences as could be settled by pecuniary compensation. Contempt could be punished by fine or indi(5tment. The Court also exercised an ancient privilege known as the " view of frank-pledge," a sort of early police-regulation, which required every person, on attaining the age of fifteen, formally to enter into the society to which he belonged by residence ; and not only to give surety for his own loyalty and good-behaviour, but to be responsible, as a member of that society, for the conduft of the others. These various rights and duties will be found in the examples which follow : but space will not permit of our further enlarging on this topic. It may be briefly understood that the Court was now a sort of jury of inhabi- tants ; and that its principal jurisdidtion was over small debts, encroachments, nuisances, and such minor matters as vex the daily life of a little community. APPENDIX. 199 EEEMUTH. «. (to wit)—A.D. 1600. Jacobus Dyer v. Thomas Hennj'nge, — Plea for robbing a ship at the quay — " eo quod spoliavit navem " . . . . . . fined xs. Eob'tus Newen v. Thomas Urry, — Plea for a debt. . . Deft, acknowledged to owe iijs. m]d. Johanna BusheU v. Will'm Davys, — Plea for a debt. . . Deft, acknowledged to owe iijs v]d. The Jurors present : — That the hedges of Mark Legge, by his piece of land, are unfair. Ordered to sufficienter reparare, under pain of vs. Edward Alawe et Marcus Legge, fecere incroachment, super fossam, juxta viam regiam ap'd Barfyldes ; and also on a piece of land held by Eob't Martyn, voc. The Create Close. Ordered to amend before Michaelmas, under pain of ■ • . . . . . . . . vs. The servant of Elizabeth Stone, widow, drew water out of the public well, in dolio aheneo,' voc. a Kettell, contra ordinem antehac captam . . . . . . . . fined '''^j'^- Thomas Grery, being the town pinner, did not fufil his duty. fined ss. Eob't Martyn, John Gyer, Eichard Foster, and Elizabeth Stone (widow) broke the assize.* In contempt (of Court). Ord'd Will'o Davys, Tho. Therle, Eich. Crafte, et Joh. Bakere, sufficienter escurare fossam ducent. versus mare, ut aqua ibidem currens melius evadere possit. To be cleaned within two weeks, under penalty of . . . . . . . . iijs. ivd. Mem'dm. At this Court, Thomas Urrey was chosen one of the constables. But the said Thomas executionem ejusdem ofiicii valde obstinat,' et contemptuose denegavit : in malum exem- plum inhabitantium p'dict. villee Ideo, in contempt. Ord'd, That all persons who shall draw water from the well of Eobert Tuckett, shall properlj' cleanse off tho water course running from the well usque ad le Crosse Stone penalty for each offence vjrf. ' In the book, it is in clehrio alieno, which bein;; totally unintelligible, I have restored to what was (no doubt) intended by the original writer. - The assize, or price, of bread anil ale (being both necessaries of life), was fixed by the Court Leet ; and was also done, till recent times, by the justices. No one knew, or cared, aught about " free-trade." ' The family of Urrey held a good position in the Island. This was probably some poor gentleman. We can picture his rage at thus being classed among " low proletarian tithing-men," and nominated as parish constable ! 200 APPENDIX. Presented, that Mark Legge, Will. Hayes, Will. Downton, Johanna Suooke, Thomas Urrye, and • Mariana Pettye, have made incroachiamentum super viam regiam. Ord'd non modo ita facere, sub poena cujusdam . . . . . . vs. Presented, that Will Hays, Eichard Foster, Richard Walle, Edward Davys, John Aland, Johanna Snooke, and Eichard Crafte, have allowed their cows to feed in the fields and vennells,' before the grass growing there was carried ; against the order made in the Town Book . . each to paj' vijW. Ord'd that all the Eules made and entered in the said Town Book concerning cattle and pigs,- shall stand in robere et effectu. Ord'd that the inhabitants of this Liberty sufficienter facere curarent Cippos et le Cage,' before Christmas next ; and also k Kcye, tarn cito quam possunt Presented, that John Gyer, Maria Bayly and Eich'd Foster, sunt tappatores,^ et vendunt cervisiam per mensuram illicitam Ideo, in contempt. 1 Jas. I. (1603). Ordered, that none hereafter do wash panna lintea, anglice, their clothes, within twenty-four feet of the public well under penalty of xiJ5. Ordered, that John Inker do clean out his ditch by the road lead- ing to the [old] church, before Michaelmas penalty ijs. Ord'd [on certain Inhabitants], to cleanse the watercourse from the Square [Platea] to the sea, before Michaelmas penalty sijrf. Ord'd, to William Hayes, clerk, to turn the course of water coming a composto suo, vocat. his myxon, into the other water course, which runs from the Square to the sea penalty xiji. Ordinatum, that no one, post le Ope Season, liget (vocat. shall tye) porcos suos in Platea, unless on his own ground penalty xijrf. Ordinatum, all who keep cows or pigs in fields, shall yoke and ring the pigs, and fasten up the cows ante diem Sabbati (Sunday?) .. .. .. .. .. penalty xijrf. John Cooke v. Eichard Crofte, demands vs. Defendant appeared and brought Stephen Chambers as pledge, who promised to pay by the next feast of All Saints. ' Side lanes in a town — Ducange, .s'!i6 voce. " Averia et Porcos. ^ The Stocks and the Cage. 'Tappatores, tipulatores, &c., mean, not tipplers, but tapsters. APPENDIX. 201 Mark Legge, (tappator) fecit cervieiam insalubrem. Ergo in contempt. Mariana Petty posuit domum suam, vocat. her pryvy, close to the house of John Gyer, ad nocument. ejus. Et quod fencio ipsius MariansB et John Gj'er, est irreparata. To be repaired before Mich's. . . . . . . under pain of xs. Presentant, quod diversfe persones incrochiavit {sic) super LeHaie Lawnes, in campo vocat. Lc Towne Fielde, in arant. et .semi- nant. tenementum p'dict. Et quod diversse persones aravit et dislocavit (sic) bundas vocat. bound stones, &c. Mark Legge, to make up fensionam suam, between him and Cicely Salter, -widow, before the xxiijrf. day of the month, and tiU then to keep her from damage . . under pain of vjs. viij^. Ordered, that Will Davys, Thomas Therle, Eich'd Crafte, and John Barker, clear out their ditch within two weeks under pain (on each) of rs. Presented, that the sepes et fensiones of Elizabeth Stone, widow, adjoining her tenement called The Crosse Stone, are out of repair, whereby Eob. Tuckett dampnum habet in fossa sua. The said Elizabeth ordered sufflcienter emendare, before All Saints' Day . . . . . , under pain of vs. Thomas Tucker v. Agnes Mathew (widow) Deft, acknowledges to owe xs. vj^. and promises to pay in four portions, at four quarter days . . . , . . . . . . xs. vjd. Presented, that Mark Legge forfeits vs. because he has not repaired his hedges (as ordered) and that he has since let to Michael Elton. The latter to do it before All Saints' Day. under pain of vjs. viijrf. Presented, that John Love made affray and rescue on Eichard Crafte, messor hujus libertatis; and took from him certain horses found wandering in the fields ; and beat the said pinner, and maltreated him, to the injury of the said John Crafte, and to the ill example of other lieges of cur Lady the Queen . . . . . . . . In contempt Ordered to Johanna Snooke sufficienter facere fensiones et sepes in pomario suo, between her and Wm. Hayes. To be done before next Christmas . . . . under pain of vs. 202 APPENDIX. 16 February, 1603. It ys ordered, that all lioggs shall be taken up before to-morrow night, and not p'mitted to goe abroade any more this yere. And that for ever hereafter, no hogge shal goe abroade at any Ope Season, above a fortnight, but then shalbe taken upp againe . . . . upon paine, for every hogge vijcl. It is ordered, that Will. Davys [and others] do remove their dunghills made in Platea, before to-morrow penalty ijs. It is presented, that Michael Elton, the town brewer, hath this year made the drink, vocat. his ordinar Bearc, insufScient.' Therefore, in contempt, and he is not to do the same here- after . . . . . . under penalty of vs. Precept, that John Barker et Maria Legge do cut their fences in Adder Lane .. .. .. .. penalty iJ5. It is presented, that John Gyer, Agnes Mathews (widow), and Will. Downton, are tapsters ; and that they have made unlawful brewings in their houses ; and sell drink by un- lawful measures . . . . Ergo in contempt. 3 Jas. I. (160-5). P'ceptum est, Joh. Wavell (and his tenants), in venella vocat. St. John's Lane, to clean out the ditches penalty ijs. ivd. P'ceptum. All who draw water at the common well to sufficiently cleanse the same, and to renew le Curhe et le Leade" before Christmas , . . . . . penalty vs. P'ceptum. Will'o Downton (mayor) to sufficiently make his hedge, apud le Towne Gate . . . . , . penalty vs. P'ceptum. The Mayor is to repair [de] novo, le Cookinge Stoole et le Cage.^ 1 For the town-brewer and ale-taster, see p. 47. A similar office would appear to exist in French villages at the present day. " Plusieurs proposerent de le niettre dans les honneurs ; de le nommer boxirgmestre ou con.seil!er municipal ; d'autres plus judicieux, diient que la place de drgnslateur-jure serait plutot son affaire ; attendu qu'il n 'avail pas de plus fin con- noisseur en vins que I'oncle Stavolo." — Erckmann-Chatrian — Le Joueur de Clarinette. - The lid, or cover of the well. ^ For the cooking, cucking, or ducking stool, see p. 24. APPENDIX. 203 P'ceptum. Will'o Downton, suffieienter emendare j anuam et sepes SUES, juxta Bulner. P'ceptum. Tliomas Woods and others to cleanse out the water course from the east-end de Lyme Pitts. 5th Jas. I. (1607). It is presented, that there is a general encroachment [on the Common Fields] by the tenants thereon, by ploughing beyond the bounds and marks in the venells. And it is agreed that aU grain so sown, shall be cut in the Autumn, and distributed to the poor, at the discretion of the Mayor. Item. Ordinatum et agreatum est, that no inhabitant of this town shall henceforth keep any hoggs, sive le tycd, or in the highwa}', or in the fields or lanes, so le tyed. And that none shall turn out their hoggs at the Ope Season, for more than one week, without being yoked and ringed Penalty for each offence xijrf. Item. Ordinat. &c. that none shall turn out his cows at the Ope Season in the fields, nisi in le neighte, under a penalty, for each cow . . . . . . . . • • . . sij^. Item. If the pinner of the town be negligent in driving the said cows to the pound, or in levying the fines, the said pinner shall, each time, pay the said fines himself. P'ceptum. That Eob't GoodaU do make up his fences (fensiones suas) between Johanna Snooke et tenementum vocatum Tavgett's Lande. P'ceptum. That no one henceforth doe make any dung-heaps in the highway going towards Drafte Haven. 6th Jac. I. (1608). P'ceptum. Noe pigs to go, aut le tyed, sive ad largum, in Platea, sive venellis, sive campis. Item. Ordinat. est. That, for the town business, the Mayor, pro tempore, his deputy, and John Burley, gent., or any one of them, may keep a horse on the Common or in the [Town] fields. And when they so do, tyent eos, according to the order made about cows, under a like penalty. 204 APPENDIX. Item, agreatum est. That it shall be lawful for any one who shaU find or take le gynnes'' diickes, aut aliquod genus le poultry, in granis, sive gardenis suis, at any times after notice hath been given to their owners, to kill them, and throw them super le market horde, by which the owners may have notice thereof. Item. Ordinatum est. Nullus depascet, sive tyet, any cow, below the upper corner of the fence vocat. Sadler's Corner, &c. P'cept. ad Joh. Burley, gent, that he do remove the incroachment which he hath made, apud closiam suam, vocat. Mill Close, super terram Thomso Tristram, called Barfelds ; and also to alter his incroachment at les Rayles, which he has placed too near the highway coming from the Mill, in the venell called Roape Lane. [There are also presentations made of incroachments apud les Landes Endes — in Upper Longe Landes — infra metas vocatas les Biittes — in magna venella infra Sadler's — ad magnum Elmum, voc. The Create Ehne — apud australem finem de le Sandes — apud oceidentalem finem culti vocati Wester Longe- Lande, &c.] P'ceptum. Quod nullus faciet stercorariam in Platea, sed in suis p'priis tenementis ; aut alibi ubi non sit nocumentum, &c. 9th Jag. I. (1611). Presentatum est, quod guttur Hugonis LuttreU est turpis et f edita. Et p'ceptum est ei escurare et emundare, a domo suo usque ad Castell Mote, &c. P'sentatum est, quod Davyd Gyer (maior), et Thos. Banks, effo- derunt viam regiam in venella vocata Rope Lane ; et fecerunt foramen, vocat. a mortar pytt : ad nocumentum, &c. P'sentatum est, quod ixfi-a&gressid^ facto est Jacobo Gyer, in inci- dend. fasciculum spinarum extra sepem suam (anglice, a burthen of Bushes out of his quicksett hedge) sed per quern [juratores] ignorant. It is ordered. That Barnaby Leighe and Joh : Love, do clean out the water-course, and carry away (aberriare) the soil placed on the highway going to Draughte Haven. ' Genus. ^ Trespass. ♦ APPENDIX. 205 lOth Jas. I. (1612). Ordinat. est, q'd nullus inhabitans ligunt sive depascent (sic) (anglice vocat. tye or Icaze^) aliquas vaccas sive equos, in venella, sive in le Lande Shares, infra campos seminatos, &c. P'sentant, q'd Hugo Luttrell, existens unus 'Snrator, non associavit se ad sociis {sic) ad inquirand. et presentand. cum ipsis : sed associavit se ad aliis personis {sic) et ebrius fuit : ad malum exemplum, &c. 12th Jac. I. (1614). It is ordered, that the bakers of this town do sell bread openly in their shops, so that the lieges of our lord the King may know of whom to buy bread, &c. It is ordered, that if any one of this town from henceforth shall draw water from the [public] weU,^ cum sordido le kettell cawdrm, sive sordido le buckett, they shall forfeit, each time ^ij^^- Item. Tt ys further ordered, that whosoever from henceforth shall sende his chylde or his servant for fyer, and shall bringe the same uncovered, whereby any damage may arise thereby {sic), shall lose, for every tyme so offendinge, the M'r or parent of such childe or servante {sic) . . . . sij^. It is ordered, that the Churchwardens (Gardianis Eccl'ie) do fill up le Earthe Pytt in the veneU called Rope Lane, before the festival of St. John the Baptist. 13th Jac. I. (1615). It is ordered. Quod nullus deinceps liget poroos suos (anglice, shall tye any swyne) to or near the walls of the new church,' under a penalty of vs. to be at once paid, each time. 'Perhaps "liege," (a ligendo) "to fasten to a picket or stake." Hence, in angling, liei/n- or ledger lines are still so called. ^ By the present church. ' The old church, to the westward, being pulled down. 206 APPENDIX. Htli Jac. (1616). Will' Dore de Lymyngton debet versus Eliz'th Love, widow xxxiiJ5. iijrf. It is presented, that the beer of the [town] brewer is nimis tenuis secundum precium ivs. le hayyell. Et precept, est ei facere magis fort, infra 10 dies, sub pena . . . . . . xs. P'sentat. est, q'd poculi tappatorum sunt illiciti, per quos vendunt potum. P'sentat. est, quod WiU'us Spaldinge vendit potum sive licentia. 17th Jac. (1620). P'ceptum est, Eob'to Gyer, senior, q'd ne amplius ojiprimat palos (angl. the pales) Thomse Pettye, cum sepibus et f etido (angl. soylc) . . . . . . . . sub pena vJ5. viijV. P'sentant, q'd Andreas Chambers erexit le hogstie, supra aquae cursum quae currit usque le ivater-sidc : and that he hath not cleansed the same, to the injury of the people of our lord the King, there passing. Ordered to clean it out before the feast of St. Andrew next . . . . penalty iiJ5. ivd. 18th Jac. I. (1621). Item. It is presented, that the Keeper of the Ke}', (Serviens ad Clavem) is very negligent in the execution of his duty, because he allows horses and pigs to wander about the town. Ergo p'ceptum est ei, melius intendere officium suum. sub pena, &c. Item. It is presented, q'd le Pillory et le Cage sunt in decasu (decay), pro defectu Majoris, Burgensium, et Inhabitant, ejusdem' {sic). Item. P'sentant, quod aquae cursus ab ostio Ried Croft versus mare est inscurat^w. Ergo p'ceptum est inhabitantibus proximo adjacentibus, bene et suffieienter escurare, &c. Item. P'ceptum est, inhabitantibus proximo adjacentibus /« i^Tey, amovere sterquilinia jacentj'a ibidem. ' Probably a siioke of local wit. Supply biirgi. APPENDIX. 207 Ortlinat. est, q'd nullus equus, vacca, vel porcue, sit imponat. in commune campum antequam seges vel granum deinde ex- portattim sit ; sub pena. 21st Jac. (1624). P'sentat. est, quod AVill. Barker opprimit communiam' tempore vernali, cum quatuor vel quinque vaccis, contra ordinem, &c. Jacobus Q-yer [the same] cum quatuor vc4 quinque vaccis et duobus equis. [and so of several others]. It is presented, that the butchers of this town have conspired among themselves, to sell meat at a higher price than the inhabitants can buy the same for at other places, &c. It is presented, that the common tapsters have broken the assize of bread and ale, because they do not sell a measure of ale (voc. a quarte) in-doors for a penny ; and three pints {tres pintas) (anglice voc. a thirdcndeale) of ale, out-of-doors, for a penny, contrary to the articles, &c.^ It is presented, that Will : Barker and Will : Hyde are common tapsters ; and that they have brewed, and stiU do brew, ale, to sell the same by retail (pro retaliam). Et p'ceptum est, &e. 1 To the south of the town ; now enclosed. - A penny a quart was long the standard legal price for strong beer ; though it must be re- collected that a penny was formerly of much higher purcliasing power than now : its value, however, was sinking in 1630, and hence the evasions of the retailers, and the lamentations of the bibulous consumers. — All tapsters and tiplers, And all ale-house vitlers, That will not give measure. But at your owne pleasure, Contrary to lawe, Scant measure to drawe, In pot and in canne, To cozen a man, Of his full quart a penny ; — Of you there's too many. Skelton's ballad of Ehynoiir Knmmin^ temp. Henry 8th. I, being sore athirst, did go Unto an ale-house in the row, Meaning a penny to bestow On strong beer. Instead of a quart pot of pewter. They fill small jugs and need no tutor. " Hang Conscience!" quoth slie, " Give me Art ! " I have not got, by a penny a quart. My treasure." — Robin Conscience : his prorjress : A ballad abt. 1630. " There shall be in England seven half-penny loaves sold for a penny : the three-hooped pot sliall have ten hoops : and I will make it felony to drink small beer .... There shall be no money." — Jack Cade's speech, in "King Henry VI." Many a one has sei-ved on a leet jury who would have considered the above to be quite reasonable and practicable. 208 APPENDIX. 2 Chas. I. (1627). It is presented, that the butchers are in contempt, because they all kiU meat on the same day, &c. P'sentat. est, quod le Common Potmde is in great decay, &c. It is presented, that divers youths, viz : Hugh LuttreU, the sons of Edw. Davis, and many others, have not yet appeared to be sworn to the allegiance of our lord the King.^ Et p'ceptum est eis, &c. P'sentat. est, that Laurence, servant of John Burley, and others, are resiant within the precincts of this Borough and have not yet been sworn to the allegiance of our lord the King, &c. P'sentat. est, q'd le Common Buttcs sunt insufficienter reparata, &c. Ordinat. est, WiU'o Barker removere et aberriare saxa quae nuper attuUt ad portum parrooki- sui, jacentis prope novam Ecclesiam. Presentat. est, quod altse vise circa januam vocatam le Hithergate, sunt in decasu. &c. P'sentat. est, quod inhabitantes hujus burgi non fecit {sic) unum convenient aneilla (sic) anglice, aguitur, ad. devehend. aquam ab antlia (anglice, the Plumpe) &e. Et p'ceptum est eis, &c. Full entries of the proceedings at the several Courts cease in 1647. The copyist was probably tired by the continuous repititions of entries such as we have seledled for our illustration. After that date there are merely the headings of the different Court Days, which run continuously down to 1766, when the copy appears to have been made ; as it is signed at the end — " August 27th, 1767. Ex P. Clarke." The following Note, inserted among other entries, is curious, as showing the simple accounts of the time. Persons who visit the old churchyard at Thorley (close by Yarmouth), will recognize both the christian name oi Barndby and the surname of Leigh, for many generations after 1626. 1 " Omnes, tam milites quam alii, qui sunt quindecim annorum et amplius, jurare debent quod utlagatos, muvditores, robbatores, et burglatores, non receptabunt," &c. The clergy, and females, were excepted. - A paddock. APPENDIX. 209 The Copie of a Noate given to Mrs. ATahell Leigh. Whereas Barnabe Leigh, gent., deceased, lato a Cheife Burgesse of this Burroughe of Yarmouth, heretofore laid out and disbursed for the town, about renewing of the Charter of this Burrough, in the time of King James his raigne, the some of 86/2. 17s. 2d. whereof there is yet unsatisfied twelve Pounds : It is now, at a Law-daie holden for this Burrough, the yth of October, 1626, agree, by and betweene the Maior and Cheife Burgesses nowe assembled, and Mabell Leigh, widdow, the late wife of the saide Barnabe and administra- trix of his Goods and Chattells : That the said Twelve Pounds shal be paid by the Maiors for the time being, unto her or her executors or assig's, in this manner, viz: three Poundes on the twentieth day of October, 1627, and so three Poundes thereof on the twentieth of October, yearlie, untill the twelve Pounds be paj'ed. In witness, &c. The Manor Rolls of Lymington exist ; but I have not been able to get access to them ; the foregoing extracTts therefore must be taken as their substitute. Except in the names of localities, the entries would doubtless be of a similar nature : the state of the respedlive towns being much the same. We can see at Yarmouth (as at Lymington) the Barfields (or Borough Fields), common fields, or " Lammas Lands," allotted out in the Spring, in varying portions, to the inhabitants ; and, after harvest, thrown open for general grazing purposes. Pigs and cattle wander about the lanes and into the town, there being no fences. The names of persons, in an astonishing number of cases, are preserved, down to the present day: the verification of the places mentioned must be left to the research of some local antiquary, or curious visitor. ^ The Barfields of both towns are now only private property : having been inclosed, and probably jobbed away from the public, either in the confusion of the Civil Wars, or in the equally un- healthy times of the Stuarts. I have not ascertained the exadl period : perhaps the Restoration in 1660 would not be far out. (The prices fetched at different periods will be found on another page). ' [By a curious coincidence, the Lymington Court Rolls have since come to light. The following selection of extracts will be of interest to the reader. ] 210 APPENDIX. LYMINGTON EXTRACTS. 1650. X5. of ye Widd. NichoUs for not amendeinge her chimney accordeinge to ye payne of ye last law day. y]d. a peace of John Bignoll, William Langham, — Cooper, widd., Jeremy Haynes, — Kemp, Eichard Barnaby, Soberte Edwards, for sellinge of beare w*out licence & in stone potts. VIS. vii]d. of — Andrews for serveinge beare to unlicenced Alehouses. vis. viij^. of Thomas Belman for y^ same offence. xij^f. of Barnard Knapton, Bennett Pigeon,' Thomas Coouibes, Tho. Samblers, Thomas Biirnard, Stephen Hurste, for selling beare in stone potts. xs. of Willliam Badcocke for not makinge up his chimney. vis. viiji. of John Lucas for not reparinge his fence against Mr. Bulkely accordeinge to a form' payne. iis. of Michaell Crutchman, y" heire of Dorothj' Crutchman, for a releife due upon y' death of his mother, dobble y" rent. iijs. iii^d. of Eichard King for sendeinge his leather to Christchurch unserched and unsealed contrary to the statute. ijs. vj(^. of David Edwards, Constable, for not appearing when he was called to doe his service. iiji. a peece of Thomas Summers, Edward Burgis, Marke Hurst, Stephen Hurst, Walter Newman, William Hoskins, John Uphill, Thomas Dolemye, Gregory Mussen, Thomas Burrard, Gent., John Dobdens, John Edwards, Bartholmew Haynes, Eob. Menux, Barth. Bulkly, gent., Phineas Wright, Tho. Sambro, James Garrett, John Hason, Thomas Belman, Anthony Belman, Eichard Garrett, Henry Bevis, Eich. Eussell, William Hakens, Eichard King, George Kinge, William BaUis, John Dale, junr., John Nichols, sen., John Nichols, junr., John Hoskens, John Newell, Thomas Burfoott, John Mefflen, John Jarvois, Henry Hayter, Eobt. Houckens, Bartholmew Warne, Eichard Clever, Jeremy Haynes, William Badcocke, Thomas Phippen, Thomas Andros [sic], senr., John Bignall, Tho. Glevin, John Burnes, junr., Walter Abraham, Chre. Knapton, George Clements, Eobt. Edwards, Trustom Crocker, William Bore, John Dore, for not appeareinge as Comorants. ' See p. 59. APPENDIX. 211 ajd. of William Moone for not p'secuteinge his accon' against Edward Fisher. iijrf. of Thomas Simonds for licence of concord. njd. of Zachary Whiteway, Thomas Coombes, for licence of concord. \id. of Francis Guidott,' gent., for not exeouteinge his accon's againste William Carpenter and Richard Fulford. iiji. of John Abraham ; iiji. of Gregory Mussen, Constables ; iiji. of Thomas Andrews, Aletaster, for not appeareinge. 1651. X5. of John Lucas, for not makeinge his fence accainst Mr. Barth. Bulkley's^ grounds acccordingeinge to a payne of y" laste lawday. yH. of Eobert Blake for not removeinge of Walter Newman, his Inmate accordinging to a former payne. xiijs. injd. of William Badcocke, for not repaireinge his chimney. xijd John Abraham & Gregory Mussen, for one paire of Schars & a Bruf (?) a sheath, a pouch & a thambles (?) taken from a fellon. xij. a peece Barnard Knapton, Bennett Pigeon, Thomas Coombes, Thomas Samborowe, Thomas Burnett, Mary Clements, Stephen Hurste, Thomas Rose, for seUinge beare in Stonyng Potts. xs. William Dore ; xs. Thomas Coombes ; X5. Bennett Pigeon, being sworne of the Jury & departing the Court without leave. iiji. a peece Thomas Simners, Edward Burgis, John Angood, Uichard Burnaby, Henry Kirby, W" Hedgman, Isacke Martin, Nicholas Ford, Rob' Deames, W" Badcock, Jeremy Hedgcock, Richard Parisho; John Thustin, sen"^, John Thustin, jun'', Bartholemew Warne, John Hiskins, Thomas Burfott, John Ravens, Thomas Vinson, George Kinge, John Golstone, Edward Fisher, George Durlinge, Thomas Simonds, Thomas Newell, Richard RusseU, John Thorne, John Benney, Simon Badcocke, James Garrett, Thomas Sambrowe, Phineas Wrighte,^ Bartholomewe Harmood,^ Rob' Meux, Bartholomew Hiscocke, John Debdins, Thomas Burrard, gent., John Blake, WiUiam ChappeU, John Uphill, Thomas Marriner, Thomas Parker, Stephen Hurste, Marke Hvirst, Nicholas KidgeU, Thomas Richards, for not appeareinge as Resiants. iijd. of Thomas Belman for li. of con. w"" John Barnes. iiji. of — Sunverin, wid. for li. of concord with Marke Hurst. xij. a peece of Coopper, widd., Jeremy Hedgcocke, Richard Kempe, for seUinge beare without licence. 'Seep. 65. = See p. l8S. 'Seep. 190. ■• .See p. 190. 212 APPENDIX. 1652. ijii. of Zacharias Tarver, for li. of con. w* John Kittyer. vji. of Eob' Deames, Constable, for not appeareing. iijd. of Ann Badcocke, f(ir li. of con. w"" David Edwards. iijd. of Edward Muttier, Aletaster, for not appeareing. sxs. of Thomas Glevin, th' elder ; xx5. of Richard Kinge ; sxs. of William Dore ; xss. of Thomas Vinson, for not appeareing to serve on the Jury beinge summoned and retir. by the way leise. xs. of the Inhabitants of the Borough for not erected [sjc] a whipping post as they were form'ly enioyned att the last lawday. iijs.iiij^. of John Colchester, ior useinge uniust weights to buy and sell by, contrary, etc. of John Dobbins, f c r a releif e upon y' death of his father, of William White, for a relief upon aliena' with W" Castle [?]. of Margarett Smith, for a relief upon aliena'. xls. of Richard Kinge, for not taking upon him the office of an aletaster for the Borough as he was enioyned att the last lawday. ijs. \jd. of John Smith ; ijs. yjd. of Thomas Edg ; iJ5. vii. of John HiUs, for rescue and taking away of each of them a pigg from the Heyward as he was driving them [s«V] to y' Pound for goeing in the streets, contrary, etc. xs. of the Inhabitants of the s"* Borough for not erecting a sufficient whipping post as they wear form'ly enioyned. 1653. vlis. of William Burrard, gent., for not taking upon him the office of a Mayor as he was enioyned att the last lawday. x/w. of William Burrard, gent., for not taking ye Oath of Mayor as he was form'ly enioyned. vi^. of Thomas EUiott for U. of con. w"" Francis Guidott, gent, and Bennett Pigeon. 1654. xxs. of DanieU EUiott, junr., for killinge one pigeon with a giinne, contrary, etc. xxs. of Mark Hurst for not removeing his piggs sty as he was enioyned att the last Court. n]d. of Nicholas Rumboll for li. of con. w"" James Studly. APPENDIX. 213 1655. X5. of Gregory Mussen and Alice, liis wife ; xs. of W"" Beilliro and Meriell, his wife, for makeing a reasons upon the Hayward, and takeing away of theire piggs from him as he was driving them to pound for goeing unringed in the streets, etc. of Thomas Coombes, for refuseinge to appear at the suite of Bartholo- mew Bulkley, gent., he le . . ye p'sente in the Courte in Contempte of the Courte. iiijs. viijrf. of W" Moone, he received for goods w'^'' weare attached as the goods of W" Browne, esquire, and forfeited. vijii. of for 2 payres of milstones and some pieces of timber attached to the goods and chattels of W" Browne, esquire. Dame Margarett Wensforde, and p'claymed for fellen', for not appeareinge, etc. 1656. xIj. of Bennett Pigeon, for not remolenige \_sic'] Thomas Eeade and Thomas Unwen, his two under Tenants or giveinge security to the p'ishe, etc., as he was enioyned att the last lawday. 1695. Wee p. Mr. Richard King for annoying the high waies against his Tanyard. And that he sufficiently repaire and amend the said way against his Tanyard upon paine of 105. by the 1 May next. We p. that all the Timber that annoyes the way in New Lane to be removed in 10 daies tyme on paine of 65.8^. each offender. Jury p. that none doe tye their horses in y" streets on paine of 12s. for every default. Present, that the timber in New Lane be carried away out of the Road by the 1st day of June next insuing upon paine of Gs.Sd. each default. 1697. Jury present ye pillory & stoke be put in repaire by the 25th of Nov. and to bee done by the Mayor. Item. — We present that a Redgester Book be provided for y" Radgestring of Lether. 214 APPENDIX. We present that Mr. Edward Wools lias bought a platt of ground of Dr. Sam' Samber -within the Burrough since the last Court and that there is a relief due to the Lord. 1698. We p. Daued Harmood that he clear away his Doung in Possesshon Street by y° 24th June next insuing on y' penalty of lOs. We p. y* Hay ward if hee do not drive the Lanes once a month and drive y^ cattell of those persons that have not right to the lanes and common to pound, he shall forfitt tenn shillings, he being hayward. Item. — We present j' death of John Borard, Esq. and a relefe due to y' Lord. Item. — We p. y' death of Mr. Thomas Borard and a relefe due to the Lord. Item. — We present y' wife of Ealfe Hastens, Esq., and y' wife of Mr. Eobard Napinn, and y" wife of Mr. Hasnet, and Mrs. Ann Borard to be y' next ayeres. 1701-6. Presentment of the Ld. of the Manor that he mends y" Pound and putt it in. good repair by the 21st of Dec. next. The pound iu New Lane is out of repair. Weights "too bigg" and " to little." 1721-3. P. Death of Geo. Burrard, Esq. P. The Stocks and Ducking Stoole out of repair and that the same be sufficiently repaired or new made by the 29th Sept. next by the proper persons on pain of 205. P. That a new pUlory post be set up by the proper person by the 24th May next on paine of 10s. P. That the Coal Meters for the future do measure all Sea Coal by putting it into y° bushell with a shovell as usual and not to pour it in with basketts on pain of 20s. APPENDIX. 215 1726. We present Mr. Edw. Hicks to pay Is. per annum to y' tenants of tlie said manor for j' use of part of Wadif ord Lane. P. That no Butcher throw their gutts in the street on pain of 3s. Ad. for each person offending. P. Thomas Coombes, Tenant of the Marketts and Fairs, to sufficiently cleanse the straw and stuff out of the streets hy Saturday next on pain of 1 Os. Item.— The little Bridge against the Slaughter House in New Lane and the old sawpitts there. Timber laying there. 1727. Imp. — We present that no Hoggs go about street on pain of sixpence each hogg and that the Hayward pay 4d. for each Hogg offending and not by him Impounded. Item.— We present the Dung lying in the Street from the Church to the Key to be carryed away by the proper persons by the 15"" day of June next on pain of 5s. each person making default and the loss of the Dung. Item. — We present Gregory Mussen, a freeholder, for the House, his late Brother's, and a reliefe due to the Lord. Item. — We present the death of Mr. Henry Hackman' and a reliefe due to the Lord. Item. — We present Obediah Newell, a fi-eeholder, for the Tenement late John Newell'a and a reliefe due to the Lord. Item. — We present Thomas Dummer, Esq.," a freeholder, for the estate late of John Button, Esq.,' and a reliefe due to the Lord. Item.— We present The Eight Hon. Henry Lord ArrundeU, of Warder, a freeholder, for the estate, his late father's, and a reliefe due to the Lord. Item. — We present that Moses Eawlins take down or otherwise secure fi-om fire, his working shop, by the 4"' of June next on pain of twenty shillings he making default. Item. — We present that the Timber on the East side of New Lane be removed from thence by the 4"' day of June next on pain of ten shillings each person making default and that no person lay any timber there for the future on the like penalty. iSeep. 155. =See p. 159. » See p. 188. 216 APPENDIX. Item.- — We present the Chimney in Mrs. Eigg's brewhouse very much out of repair and very dangerous as to fire and that the same be sufficiently repaired and secured by the ll"" instant on pain of twenty shillings. 1729. Ealph Welsteed to be scavenger on condition that he will put one load of Gravell for every load of Dung he takes away and if any person wheels out any Dung in the streets and letts it lye above one week it shall be to y' scavenger's use but not otherwise. 1731. P. Doctor Hackman, Mr. Gibbs, Mrs. Mary Sparrow, Capt. Northover, for making watering places into the Comon the same being an Incroachment on the Tenants of the s'' Manour. P. Capt. Wm. Cross for digging up the Comon reputed to belong to this Manour lying near the Bridge.' P. Charles Bulkley, Esq., to pay 2s. per ann. to the tenants of the s"* Manor (Lym. Old.) for the use of part of "Wadiford Lane. The ISIannor "1 '-^^^ Court Leet or view of ffrank Pledge with a or Burrough of New y Court Baron of Thomas Missing, Esq., Lord of the Lymington. J Manner aforesaid, held there the twentyeth day of Aprill in the year of our Lord 1733. John James Manfield, Gent., Steward thereof. Officers — Mayor, Constables (2), Ale Taster, Hayward, Bailiff, Serjeant, Searchers and Sealers of Leather (2), Eegister (of Leather), Meeters (4). Scavenger. We present that the fire BeU be put up in some convenient place of the s"* Burrough by the Mayor by the 24th of next month on pain of Thirty- nine Shillings. We present Capt. William Cross for Digging up the Common, reputed to belong to this Manour lying near the Bridge. We present Mr. Wm. Lacey and Mrs. Hicks for keeping more sheep about the Lanes than they have right to do. See p. III. APPENDIX. 217 1734-5. A Rent Eoll at Rack Eents due to Thomas Missing, Esq., for one year and halfe from Lady day 1734 to M'chmas 1735 for Lands at Lymington and Brockenhurst in the County of Southampton. — John Pilchard at £12 15 per annum 19 2 6 Nicholas Clarke at 5 , 7 10 John Edwards at 3 6 8 , 5 Richard Waine at 15 , 1 2 6 Mr. Pearson at 3 10 , 5 5 The Widow Serrell at 3 15 > 5 12 6 William Sheppard at 2 , 3 Richard Mussen at 3 10 , 5 5 Henry Adams at 3 , 4 10 Mr. Northover at 7 , 10 10 Mathew Reynolds at 5 , 7 10 Robert Keeper at 2 8 , 3 12 Wilderner Toutson at 16 , 1 4 Mr. Slater at 7 Widow GiU now in land rented l y Mr. Masters at £5. Land tax lOs. 4 10 1738. We present Mrs. Rachel Cross for putting up and locking a Gate lying against Croydon commonly called Farther Bridge Lane and that the same be forthwith pulled down. P. Gregory Mussen for inclosing the Comon between Waddiford and Joseph Russell's House and that the same be layed Common on or before 24th June next. P. The Bridge on the casway leading from Shooters Cross to Lower Woodside to be sufficiently repaired by the proper persons by or before the 1 Gth day of June next on pain of 5s. Precept signed by Thomas Missing to Peter Davis, Hayward of the M. of L., to impound aU cattle and and beasts of such persons feeding on the Commons and Wasts of the Manner of Lymington who have no rights of Common there and hereby promise that all costs shall be at my expense. 218 APPENDIX. 1740. We present that every person who shall have in their own right or rent five pounds a year in Land in Old Lymington shall have the keeping of one Horse or ten Sheep in the Lanes and Commons there and so proportion- ahly for every larger Estate and Estates (Lands Tillaged or occupyed as Garden Lands excepted). 1741-2. Mr. Chas. King, ale taster for year ensuing. P. The causeway in Broad Lme from Hopp garden on to the end of the s'' land to be repaired by the Surveyors of the Highway by y' 24th of June next on penalty of lOs. for each neglect. Aletaster, Thomas Eutter. (Idem). P. Captain Charleton for cutting turfe on "Wadiford Green in the penalty of 5s. 1745-7. Pd. Mr. Newman for two Hogsheads of Beer for Mr. Missing . . 6 10 Pd. Jonathan Ping for two setting Dogs . . . . . . 10 10 P. The Surveyors of the Highway to make good the ancient Cart Eoad from "Waddiford Lane End to the opposite side, lately enclosed by Mr. Eoger Beer, by Midsummer next in the Penalty of 40s. "We present the Turnpike lately set up by Mr. Odber Knapton to be taken up or removed by the 24th day of June next it being a nusance and hindrance to people passing in the dark (especially great Belly'd women) on penalty of 20s. "We present that Harry Burrard, Esq. (in the said several writts of Mandamus mentioned) is not duely elected and chosen into the office of Mayor of the Burrough of Lymington in the County of Southampton for the present year. Item. As to all other articles, matters and thinj,'s within our Inquiry we present all well. Except the Stocks which we present to be Eepairedby the per- son or persons to whom the same belongs. APPENDIX. 219 P. The Sope Ashes in Carrion Lane to be removed by the owner thereof (being a very great nusance) by the 14th November next on penalty of 205. for such neglect the same being often presented but never executed and if not carryed away by that time to be carryed off by the scavanger unless the twenty shillings be paid. P. That Farmer John Eickman to pay 2s. a year to the tenants of the s** manour for the use of the land lying against Fleshards being part of a Lane called Wadiford Lane. P. That Mr. Eobort Edwards to pay Gd. a year to the Tenants of the s'' manour for the use of the Lane lying against Croyden. P. Mr. John Penny to pay 1 8d. a year to the Tenants of the s"* manour for the use of a Lane lying against Colecrate and a close of ground called Batts. We P. the Ditch from Wadiford Bridge to Tinkers Lane to be sufficiently scoured and cleansed by Mr. Nicholas Clarke and Farmer John Eickman bj' the 24th of November next on penalty of twenty shillings. We Present that the Dung Mixons lying in the Street to be removed by the several owners thereof by the 24th November next ou penaltj' of Ten Shillings each person neglecting or refusing the same and the loss of the Dung. We P. Farmer John Eickman to be Scavenger for the year next ensuing He bringing one load of Gravell for every two Loads of Street Dung and all Dung belonging to any particular person not to be carryed off by him . under seven days after brought out on penalty of Twentj' Shillings for default thereof. 1750-60. P. Capt. Northover to pay Is. a year to the tenant of the s"" manour for the Common Land by him lately dugg up and converted into salt-pans at Maiden Salterns. P. Mr. Thos. Beckeley to pay Is. a year to the tenants of the s** manour for y' use of part of Wadiford Lane. P. The Heirs of Joseph RusseU to pay 6d. a year to the tenants of the s** manor for y' use of part of a lane leading from the Widow Geers to the Salterns called Kings Salterne. P. The Town Well opposite Mrs. Tulses to be out of repair and that the same be putt into repair by the parish officers, with a Leaden Pump the same being a very useful thing in case of fire, and now very dangerous to people passing by, and that the same be immediately covered by the Surveyors of the Highway. 220 APPENDIX. We P. the Eoad from Temple Barr to Standford Bridge to be repaired. The Dung hole at the "Workhouse to be properly cleansed and filled up and that the same be hedged in (being a very great Nusance to people pass- ing by) by the proper officers by the 24th May next on penalty of forty shillings. P. That 3''' Mayor of this B. shall cause the Assize of Bread to be given out to the proper officers once in six weeks. We P. the Stocks and Whipping post belonging to this Borough to be out of repair and that they be forthwith repaired or new ones put in their room by the 24th November next on penalty of twenty shillings for such neglect. We P. the Stocks at Church Lane to be out of repair and to be repaired by the proper persons by Lady day next on pain of ten shillings. Idm. Bridge near the Key — a bunny under the house of Wm. Bay's to carry off the water from a WeU greatly or much in use. 1785-90. That no empty Coach, Chaise, Waggon, or Cart do stand in the Street of the s"* Borough after Sunset on pain of ten shillings each to be paid to the Informer. Twenty-five nominated Constables. Robert Rice who had 9 votes equal to highest, Thos. Smith appointed exempted by being a Dissenting Minister. Idem. That the Bunny across the Ed. in Church Lane opposite the Stables late Cornelius Collis's be cleansed forthwith, it being a nusance to the Eoad, on pain of ten shillings for such neglect. Idem. That Mr. John Woodford take and keep his SoreU Horse out of the Lanes and Commons of the s'' manor it being a Vicious Beast, on pain of prosicution. That Mr. John Woodford shall not Milk & Fodder his Cows in the Street of the s"* Borough on pain of prosecution, it being a great nusance to the Inhabitants. Idm. Thirty-eight persons nominated for Constables, John Sheppard and James Brixey appointed. We Present Eichard Bowern the Elder to pay 6^. a year for enclosing the Lady's Land at Little Buckland and throwing it to a Lime Kiln formerly belonging to Jacob Marks late to John Eickman the Elder and now to the s"" Eich. Bowern whereon he have built a cot, APPENDIX. 221 We Present Earl Delawar to pay 2s. a year for part of the Eoad leading from Upper Woodside to Waterford and throwing it into his Field adjoining his cottage. We present the Commissioners of the Turnpike Eoad leading from Lymino-ton to Rumbridge to pay Is. a year to the tenants of the said manor for building a House on the Ladj-'s Land at Buckland Hill and Is. a year for the House and Garden late William Travers. We P. John Braxton to pay l5. a year for building a Coach House and Stables on the Lady's Land near Stacy's Dock, being part of the 100 Acres let to the Corporation, to be paid to the Mayor. 1791-1800. We present John Braxton to pay Is. a year to the tenants of this Borough for building Stables on the Lady's Land belonging to this Borough near Stacy's Dock. We Present Philip Bromfield, Esq., to pay 5s. a year to the tenants of this Borough for enclosing the Lady's Land belonging to this Borough in New Lane and 5s. more for enclosing more of the land belonging to the s"* Borough and building stables and Coach House thereon. Charles Bowles, Esq., Mayor. [He lived at Buckland.] Idm. We present a common nusance a Gallows erected for hanging meat in a shop occupied by Wm. Wickenden and recommend that it be immediately removed. Idm. Charles St. Barbe and John Pluder fined 6s.Sd. each for not serving on the Jury. A List of Eesiants within the s'^ Borough summoned to appear at the Court Leet and Lawday to be held on Tuesday the 12th day of October, 1762, at the Angell Inn in Lymington. Mr. John Miller Fluder Mr. Jos. Hicks Thomas Cleeves Ed. Light Leonard Jarvis Mr. Joseph Hackman Joseph Bound ♦ George Bright Mr. Fran. Hackman Mr. John Burt Saml. Clark Ed. Templer John Payn Joseph Bailey 222 APPENDIX. Joseph Bailey, jr. Thomas Hancock Thomas Therle James Newell Thomas Waller James Hitchcock Thomas Shephard Josej)h Gatril John Hart Josa. Sheppard Peter Grose John Grose Eichd. Badcook Joseph Wickenden (Butcher) Josepli Wickfnden Joseph Bowler Mr. Wm. Oviatt John Bowler Moses Rawlins Wm. Hayward Thos. Draper Thos. Draper, jr. Danl. Hayward Stephen Fish David Morrow Wm. Freak David Edwards Benjamin Turner Hugh Hunter Henry Powell George Rawlins Josepli Bevis Mr. Ed. Beere James Sweetaple John Brent Wm. Badcock Thomas Badcock Philip Blake Wm. Lyne John Snudden Saml. Holloway John Miels James Newell Obad. Newell Wm. Evans Edwd. WooUs John Mitchell Tristram Young Ed. Birt Saml. Wickenden John Noble Ed\. ard Eawlins John Draper James Dixon John Ghost Wilson Bays Joseph Elf ord John Startridge Wm. Eogers John Bartlett Saml. Colborne Saml. Colborne, jr. Mr. Harry Hackman James Keeping Philip Fifield John Miller (Butcher) Jas. Miller Thomas Smith John Rolf e Benj. Bevis Mr. Edwd. Hicks John Burrard, Esq. Mr. Charles Bulkley John Stent Wm. Sheppard John Smith John Moxham Edw. Trattle Benjn. Lineburner John Alexander Wm. King- John Ciillius John Salter Wm. Bay Robert Lillington Mr. Pearson Fran. Henning Charles Mitchell Eobert Bailey Mr. Joseph Pearce Thomas ]?inchard John West Thos. Sparrow John Coombes John Hannaford David Serrell John Bay George Banks Wm. Shephard Wm. Shephard, jr. John Tout Elias Bowler Christr. Shipard Henry Drover James Henry Jaines Rawlins Stephen Harrick Joseph Bleak John Bookes Wm. Veal APPENDIX. 223 Ed. Veal Lancelot Burton Robert Elms Eichd. Dale Aron Eawlins John Henning Chas. Bishop Wm. Lyne Wm. Bay Wm. Edwards Chas. White Ed. WiUiams Thos, Kember Wm. Buckett James Skutt Mr. Eoger Beere Thomas Light James Machwaiu Thomas Elms George Tarver Chas. Tarver Wm. Wyatt James Brown Ed. Brown, jr. Et. Evans John Bleak Selwood Bryant John Shephard Joseph Sparrow Saml. Shepard Eichard White James Collins Eickman Abbott James Gibbs James Thorne Gersham Trobridge Wm. Shepard George Mitchell Ed. Mitchell John Woodford John Bampton Henry Tarver Hinton Tarver Thomas Vo3'sey Henry Worn Wm. Wimbleton Wm. Curtis James Beeston Wm. Beeston John Bays Ed. Brisey Mr. Vesey How Mr. Thos. Beokley Eichd. Davis John Pocock James Bay Wm. Tarver Ajon Eawlins The following extradl is interesting, as showing the manners of the disturbed Commonwealth times. The custom of asking a parents' blessing (so often alluded to in old writers) has never since been revived. " All relations were confounded by the several sects of religionists [about 1642], who discountenanced aU. forms of reverence and respect as relics of superstition. A blessing was never asked from parents; who, in their turn, never troubled themselves about educating their children ; but let them take any course to maintain themselves Young women lounged at taverns and eating houses ; the more strict became wives of the seditious preachers and officers of the army. Ladies used often to preach ; and the captain of a regiment [was expected to do so] to his soldiers." MSS. Brit. Mas. 224 APPENDIX. " Lady Arabella Stuart spends her time in reading, hearing of [religious] service, and preaching." Lodge — Shrewsbury Papers. Extract from the Taxation of Hampshire for the Tenth and Fifteenth, temp. Richard II., in 133^. HUNDRED. DE NOV. FOEESTE. Lyndhurst, Lyndhurst Brokenhurst and Brontle, Brokenhurst and Brookley Ippele and Botesasche, Ipley and Butsash Hardele, Hardley HoUebry and Langele, Holhury and Langley Ekeresbery and Lepe, Exhury and Lepe Badesle, Baddesley Wereborne and Pylele, Warborne and Pilley Batramsle and Wodeton, Battramsley and Wootton Bourlj'e, Burley . . Lynwode & Goteshulle, Linwood &• Godshill Frytham, Fritham Canterton, Canterton Mynstede, Minstead Berkele, Barkley S!M«ma xxvij/j. vijs. xj«? HUNDEED. Xp'i Eccl'ie, Christchuvch Westoure, West Stonr Boerton, Burton Nov. Lemynton, New Lymington Vet. Lemynton, Old Lymington Bolre, Boldre Swye, Sway Amewode, A mewood Eiiordo, Efford Kj'hauene, Kcyhaven Mulleforde, Milford .. HordhuUe. Hordle Aashely, Ashley DE XP'I ECCL'IE. xxxivs. yijd. lixs. iv/i. xviJ5. xxxvs. viiji. xxiijs. iv^. Ixvjs. ivi. Ixv5. viij^. xxxviJ5. viiji. xjs. viiji. xxixs. ivd. xxvijs. vd. ixs. xiiJ5. :Kd. xiijs. xiv5. vij^. lujs. Ixijs. Yiijd. Ixvjs. viij^. xj/i. iijs. ivli. — xxrf. xlixs. xxxixs. viijd. XX5 yiijd. ls.vjs. xixs. xxxvs. xxxiv5. ivd. Ixxvijs. APPENDIX. 225 Chuyeton, Chewton . . . . . . . . cxs. ivd Hentone, Hinton . . . . . . • • • • Ivs. ivd Auene, Avon .. .. .. •■ Ixiijs. viiji Soppele, Sopley . . . . • . • • . . xxjvs Wyngeton, Winkton . . . . . . . . xxiijs. viijd Bourne, Bouniemottth . . . . . . . . Ivi'j^- iv^ Strete, Street, or Purewell . . . . . . . . xxijs. viijif, Hurne, Hum .. .. •• •• . . Lxviijs Nortk Assheley, North Ashley .. . . . , xls. ji, Swwjma Ix/i. ijs. ixd. Visitation of Lymington, and the neighbouring Churches, in 1543 13th Henry VIII. — (Gardiner being Bishop of Winchester). Vjto die Aprilis, anno D'ni 1543, [Diaconatus ?] de Lymington Visitacio executa fuit, per Mag'r' Nich. Harpisfelde, officialeTO deputatu«i in krchidiaconatu Win t on iensi. BoLDRE. Dominus Nichs. Barnard,^ vicariws. \vaati^ Hen. Coley ~1 , ... "■ > pp. per ouuim Eic. CasteU J ^^ ^ Galfridiw Payne 1 WiU. Bulkeley J ^"' Simon Beestone Badesley (cB-pella). LiMiNGTON {ca.pella). Dom. Tho. Gilbert, euros. Dom. Tho. Cook, stipendmrms. Tho. Pope -t - . ^ PP- per bilk;« Georgius Davys J . f David Clare^ "1 J^'"'^ 1 Eobert Baylle / ^"^ Tho. Moyles "i Jo. Pamney J " Nichs. Morell ' Magister [Artium] is an academical degree (our M.A.) ; and of higher value than "Dom.," which is our " Rev." The status of the several clergymen seems just about the same as at the present day; and there were two clergymen at Lymington, as now in 1878. For Note on Harpisfifld, see page 236. - He was vicar of Boldre before the Reformation, and his name appears among the incumbents of chantries, to whom pensions were paid in 1553. His amounted to ^3-12-6, which in purchasing value, would be equal to about £2$ of our money now. ' Jurati means that those persons were sworn in, as churchwardens for the ensuing year-. ^The names of John Clare and John Baylle appear among the burgesses in 1574 (page 31). d 226 APPENDIX. Brokenhurst (czpella). Dom. Sharland Rynds, curas. . f Tho. Draper "l „ ^ oi ■ iui«M i ^., l- per n consensum.'' omnziMM. t Tho. Gide J Mylford. Mag'r Edwardus Kykesley, vicarius. Dom. Jo. Pope, curas. Jo. Wardd Will. Hebberd f Ric. Bemerston (. Jo. Warren HoRDELL (capella). Dom. Will. Slatter, curas. Edwarde Arnewoode Thomas Crew r Jo. Kittyere' "| „ jurah -J f P6r S omnium { Jo. Parsons J Mylton. Dom. Reginald Benet. Hen. Cooke ( Jo. Preston 1 , .„ J^^'^'^ i Water Penye | ?" P- ^^^^^ Will. Thewsye (Qy. Towsey). Will. Stevyns At the end of the Visitation are appended two Memoranda, which show the extent of church discipline at the time: — Eicaydus Kevell de Mylton monitus est qiwd evitaret consortiam Alicie Kevell, vidue, nisi in locis publicis, sub pena xyjs. Will'us Cox de Mylford nobis affirmatus est quod ter vixit cum Brigida Newman die et fatetur [illegible']. Note on page 224. The Tenth and Fifteenth was on moveable chattels : ten per cent, for towns, and six-and-two-thirds per cent, for parishes. Each locality was assessed in a lump sum, on which the inhabitants settled their respective ratings. The present levy (1334) was the first so done. It produced about £20,000. ' Kitcher or Kittier — still common in Hordle Jo. is ]ohannes. APPENDIX. 227 Grant of land at Pennington Marsh. (1392). Henry of Pont Audemer, greeting in the Lord, &c. He grants to the Abbot of Beaulieu totam terram meam in the Marsh of Peniton, which is inside the bank of the aforesaid Abbey, &c. Grant by one Richard Miles of Brokenhicrst. (1396). Eichard de Brokenhurst, cognomine Miles, grants, &c.' one pound of wax out of the rent of my aforesaid messuage in the town of Limeton. And when I shall have gone the way of all flesh- let my body be carried to Beaulieu, to be there interred with the rites of the Church, &c. 20 Rich. II. (1396). Matilda de la Mare (pura viduitate) grants to Sir William Ekerdon,' parson of the church of Lymington, aud others, as trustees, all her estate, &c. Extract from Grant by Hugh of Burgate {near Fordinghridge) to Beaulieu Abbey. " I grant and confirm to Thomas the Priest, son of Richard de Henlega,^ iinam croftam quse vocatur Wademore: and he further recites: "Pro hac autem confirmatione at warrantia dedit [mihi] dictus Thomas Unas'* stivellas de cordewan, et Will'mo iilio meo et haeredi unum par albarum chirothecarum,* &c." He mentions, also, certain pieces of land, de feodo Elye de la Faleijs,' quae jacent inter Wolphydelegh* et aquam. ' To the churcli, for a wax candle. - Cum viam univeisi cainis ingiedi me contigerit. This homely phrase reads oddly to us in Latin. 'A Priest; see note p. 12. For Ekerdon see note p. 16S. * Henley, in Dorsetshire. '' A bold, but practical adaptation, for "a pair of leather gaiters." Ens, used as a noun, was an innovation of the same kind, that has been perpetuated by its utility. * A pair of white leather gloves. 'Eliasde Falaise held, in 1272, the manor of Ranston near Fordinghridge. ' Wolf-hide-lea (now corrupted into Woodfidley) looks, in a south-easterly direction, over the great Beaulieu moor, towards East End, where we find the road named Wolfware Lane, in a charter of Edward III (1328). In these lonely localities, by the great Norley Woods (now destroyed), "the grey wolf hoary haunter of wastes," as he is graphically described in a very eaily poem (about I loo), doubtless was long an object of terror to the cotter, Wilverley (Wolf-ley), to the north-west, has the same ominous derivation. Tlie wolf was hunted here so late as the 14th century ; and in Scotland, till the 15th century, or even later. 228 appendix. Grant by the Crown op a Fair at Lymington TO THE Earl of Devon. ^ CHARTER ROLL, 41 HEN. 3. (1256). The King to the Archbishop &c. Know ye that we have granted, & by this our Charter confirmed for us & our heirs to our beloved Baldwin de Insula, son & heir of Baldwin de Insular, formerly Earl of Devon, that he & his heirs for ever may have our fair at their Manor of Creckelade in the County of Wilts, every year to last for three days to wit, on the eve on the day & on the morrow of St. Matthew the Apostle. And that they may have for ever one fair at the Manor of High Whorth in the same County every year to last for three days, to wit, on the eve on the day & on the morrow of S. Peter ad Vincula. And that they may have for ever one market every week on Thursday at their manor of Stratton, in the same County. And that they may have for ever at their Manor of Lymington in the County of Southampton one fair every year to last for three days, to wit, on the eve on the day & on the morrow of Saint Matthew the Apostle. And that they may have for ever one fair at their Manor of Carisbrooke in the same County every year to last for three days, to wit, on the eve on the day & on the morrow of the assumption of the Blessed Mary, unless that Market and those Fairs be to the annoyance of neighbouring markets and neighbouring fairs. Whereof we will &c. with all liberties (§■ free customs to stick market & fairs appertaining unless &c. as is aforesaid. Witnesses: — William de Valence our Brother, S. de Montford Earl of Leicester, E. de Olar Earl of Gloucester & Hereford, P. de Savoy, John Maunsel Treasurer of Tord, Henry de Bath, Philip Lovel, Robert Waleram, Imbert Eoggs, William de St. Ermine, Nicolas de Saint Maur, Ealph de Bakepus, & others. Given by our hand at Westminster the twelfth day of June. Value of the Borough & Manor of Lymington, 10th hen. 3. (1225). Account of Wallerland the German of the lands of the Earl of Devon for the ninth year of King [Hen. III]. The same Wallerland, as Keeper. renders account of 44s. 6d. rent of assise of the Borough of Limiton, & of 112s. 8d. rent of assise of the Manor of Limiton. ' See p. 4. APPENDIX. 229 The same renders account of .... 38 j. lOi. aid of assise of the Borough of Limiton, & of 1 8s. 4d. from pleas & perquisites of the Manor of Limiton, & of 121. from salt there sold. And for one horse, a carter, &. one cart with furniture complete for haling salt at Limiton 1 35. And for Bags bought to put the salt in 55. & in wages & delivery to the Carter who leads [carries] salt there 105. And in mowing meadows & carrying hay \2d. And in stipends of a certain Eeve & Bedell there 75. Charter granted to the Burgesses of Lymington by Baldwin de Redvers, Earl of Devon, (1251). to confirm one granted by William de Redvers, Earl of Devon. Copied from the original list and copies of Beaulieu Charter in the Duke of Portland's Library. Liminton in Com' Southampton. Charta Baldwini de Redverijs comitis Devon. Burgensibus de Liminton in Com' Southampton Hsered. meis prffisentaverint, dum modo talis fuerit qui mihi fideliter serviat, et Burgenses rationalibiter et benigne tractet. Et prtedicti Burgenses, et eorum hperedes, reddant mihi et hsered. meis, tmosquisque de mesuagio suo annualim sex denarios pro omni servitio, sc. tres denarios ad Pascha, et tres denarios ad festum S. Michaelis. Et per illud servitium tenebant Burgagia sua in Feodo et hsereditate, et habebunt prsedictas libertates et quietantias prout in Charta Bonse memorise "Willi, de Eedverijs quondam Comitis Devon., eisdem Burgensibus facta plenius contiuetur. Dedo etiam eisdem Burgensibus meis et concessi Theloneum dicti Burgi, et incrementum ejusdem 9'^ feis ex parte boreali Ecclesise de Liminton habend. et tenend. sibi et hsered. suis in perpetuam, de me et hsered. meis libere et quiete, reddendo inde annuatim mihi et hsered. meis triginta Solidos ad duos anni terminos viz. ad Pascha et fest. S. Michaelis ex TaUagio nundinarum ad fest. B. Mathei Apostoli, una cum Placitis et perquisitis mihi et hseredibus meis plenarie reservatis, Burgenses vero ipsa nova Burgagia dicti incremento teneant, et eorum hceredes omnimodas libertates et liberas consuetudines et quietantias habebunt quas Willus. de Eedverijs, quondam comes Devonise, et ego Burgensibus nostris de Liminton concessimus. Et ut hsec mea Donatio concessio et Prsesentis Chartse mete confirmatio ratae et stabiles permaneant, hoc Prsesens Scriptum sigilli mei munimine roboravi. Hijs Testibus, Andrea Abbate Quarrara, N. Priore Christi Ecclesise, 7 Priore Bromore, Johanne de Insula, Johanne de Campen. 230 APPENDIX. Martine de Chanfleur, Rico, de Affeton, Henrico de Trenchard, Walerando Trenchard, Eobt. de Albamara, W. Spileman, Eustaeto Firch., Nigello de Bocland, S. de Arnewode, J. de Esteburg, Willo. Lion et alijs multis. Charter granted by Edward Courteney, Earl of Devon, (1405). dated feast of St. THOMAS THE APOSTLE, 6 Hy. IV, with vidimus of Charter granted by Isabella de Redvers, Countess of Devon, dated 9 June Henry III, who d. 1293. She was sister to Baldwin de Redvers, Earl of Devon. To all whom the present letter may concern : We Edward Courtenay bj' the grace of God Earl of Devon have considered the charter which Lady Isabella De Fortibus formerly Countess Albermarle of Devon and Lady of the Island granted to our burgesses of Lemyngton in these words : Let all present and to come understand that I Isabella De Fortibus Countess Albermarle and Lady of the Island have given granted and by this my present charter confirmed for ever to my burgesses of Lemyngton entirely the liberties and free usages derived from toll with all other usages which the free burgesses have through all my territory in farm lands and roads ashore and on the sea in bridges and fords in harbours and fairs in markets for selling or buying within and without the borough in all places and things pertaining to me and my heirs. I have also granted to the said burgesses that they may be free and undisturbed in their shires and hundreds and that all questions that shall arise in the said borough shall be pleaded in the borough itself in the presence of our bailiffs for the time being. And if anj' fine be imposed let it be imposed among the burgesses themselves and by themselves and let no fine as far as concerns me amount to more than 30 pence, and this by the counsel and judgment of the burgesses themselves. I have granted likewise to the said burgesses that none of them shall be appointed to any office iu the borough unless they elect him by common consent and present him to me and my heirs, it being provided that such person be one who shall serve me faithfully and treat the burgesses reasonably and kindly. The said burgesses and their heirs shall severally pay to me and my heirs out of their property either in the old borough aforesaid or from any increase thereof 6 pence annually for all dues 3 pence at Easter and 3 pence at the feast of St. Michael and for that payment they shall hold their rights as burgesses from us and our heirs in trust and inheritance. APPENDIX. 231 And they shall hold the said liberties and rights in perpetuitj' (except the two districts of the abbey and convent of Beanlieu which shall hold none of the said liberties). I have given and granted to the same my burgesses the toll and stallage of the said borougli together with the toll and stallage of that district which Baldwynus de Eiparys (formerly Earl of Devon) my brother created out of the northern part of the church estate of Lemyngton to be lield by hiniseK and his heirs from me and my heirs free and undisturbed for ever there being paid out of it annually to me and my heirs 30 shillings sterling at equal periods of the year namely at Easter 15 shillings and at Michaelmas 15 shillings with the toll and stallage of the markets or fairs at the feast of St. Matthew the Apostle together with the fees and perquisites reserved in full to me and my heirs. The burgesses who belong to the borough itself shaU hold and their heirs shall have and hold from me and my heirs all whatsoever liberties and free usages and rights as above mentioned. And that this my gift grant and confirmation of my present charter may always remain secure and established I have affirmed this my charter with the impression of my seal these being witnesses : John Lord le Warre, Henry Trenchard, William Spylman, Gordan le Warre, soldiers, John Lord Rector of the church of Schaldefelde, Gordon De Kyngeston, Gilbert de Chalfhunte, Walter de Eubrigge, Eustace Purcher, Henry N , Simon de Gruewoode, John de Badesle, and others. Given at Woditon in the Island the ninth day of June in the 55th jear of the reign of king Henry (son of king John). We have ratified and confirmed for ever these present gifts and grants aforesaid, holding them in all respects as above secured and sufficient for us and our heirs. Moreover we have given and granted to our said burgesses and their heirs the whole of the Quay with all things belonging to it together with tolls and stallage anchorage and wharfage of vessels and boats with the usual perquisites of fairs to be held annually in the same place for ever on the feast of St. Matthew the Apostle and out of this to pay to us and our heirs 2 shillings annually at Easter and Michaelmas in equal portions. Moreover we will and decree that no one in our said borough shall have or enjoy the liberties derived from toll or any established usages except the burgess so elected or the son of the burgess and that any one appointed in our borough aforesaid (who for the time shall be as one of the burgesses of the same borough) shall cause to be observed the weighing of bread in the aforesaid borough according to the law and custom of the kingdom of England at all convenient seasons and therefrom pay the fines at two legal periods to us and to our heirs in the accustomed manner. We have also given and granted to the same our burgesses the market rights in the High street of the said borough together with the toll and stallage pertaining to the same. 232 APPENDIX. In testimony of which deed we have afl&xed to this indenture both our seal and the common seal of our said burgesses. These being witnesses : Peter Courtenay and others. Given at Tyverton at the feast of St. Thomas the Apostle in the sixth year of the reign of King Henry the Fourth, after the conquest.' Extracts from Inquisition Post Mortem taken 47 Hen. 3rd, ON the death of Baldwin de Insular, Earl of Devon. (1262). Extent (value) of the Borough of Lymington, taken before Hugh de Bocland, Bartholomew de Insular, William le Cahor, Ad de Me, William le Bel, Roger Thomas, Richard le Scouile, Godfrey Marcator, Ad Marcheil, Henry Sue), Andrew Arni, Alexander de Gormoghe, William Rulbe, Roger Warren, William Yberins, Hugh le Pelet, Richard le Brid, Hugh le Feler. Tenant Premises s. d. John Fiber One Place 6 William Fiber A Cottage 6 Hugh de Bocland 5i Places 2 9 Eobert Benedicts A Cottage 6 Nigel de Bockland Two Places 1 Bartho' de Insula A Cottage 1 Eoger de Insula A Cottage 6 Andrew Arni Demi Place 3 Eberic Two Places 10 W. Elegar A Cottage 6 Total sum paid Rents per annum from the Prior Of Pleas by Estimation . . Tenant Premises J. Sutor Two Places Godfrey Marcator Five Places Abbot of Beaulieu One Cottage Eichard le Scouile One Place Eobert le West One Place Vicar deBolre 1^ Places Roger de Arnewode One Place Vicar de Femhelle A Cottage W. de Bocland A Cottage Robert Mercator 2^ Places Ad de Werebone One Place £ 8. d. 4 8 5 1 10 10 d. 6 6 6 9 6 6 6 3 6 6 8 5 Item, that the Lord the King took toUs of all his Burgesses throughout England, whereby the Lord valued his Borough at One Mark. ' A Latin copy of this Charter is in possession of the Corporation of Lymington. APPENDIX. 1 233 Extent (value) of the Old Town of Lymington. Tenant Acres s. d. Tenant Acres X. d. GeodSrey le Hay ward Richard Lord and de Hosco 12 3 Hi Susannah his Widow 12i 2 1 Galf red de Bosco 1 1 2 6 William de Wadif ord n 1 10 Eichard de Bosco 1 1 2 6 Walter deWadiford 6 1 1 Isabella, Eelict le Pilane 10^ 2 H Laurence de Wadiford 34 I OA Godfrey Marcator J 2 William le Arch 7 2 WilHamPett 16 2 6 Roger Wicklace 3 4 WUUam le Und 6 1 1 William Wicklac 3 6 Roger Warwick 4 5 Total Acreage 450. Total Value £4 78. IIM. Of Profits £ 8. d. Of Auxiliary that arise . . 9 R. de Gallinis de Chersed & de Arnle de Strouda 1 10 6 Of William de Chersedi 12 64 & of A. de Strouda . . 3 04 Do. 2 Do. 1 8 Of the fair 11 8 Of the Orchard . . 1 Eustace Finch . . 1 Thomas Guso . . 1 OftheSalt-Works&Mill Works .. ..10 Sums special of necess- ary works expressed & remaining of the Borough & Old Town 23 19 6i 38 19 6i In necessary Expenses For the maintenance of £ s. d. a Crier or Bailiff . . 5 4 In equal fourths of Tolls per sixteen days To dry Land to the College To Cart Loads.. 5 3 3 4 16 8 234 APPENDIX. THE TRENCHARD FAMILY. The great family of our neighbourhood, in early time, was that of Trenchard of Eordle. The first lord of the manor was Paganus (or Payne) Trenchard, " of Hordhull," who is mentioned in a charter of Henry I. as collector, or farmer, of the Danegeld for the whole Isle of Wight. Baldwin de Redvers granted Hordle to him about 1102. From him descended, in a long line,^ Henry Trenchard, of Hordhull, Hants, (who d. 16th Edward IV, 1475), whose son, John Trenchard, had his estates seized (1483) as a traitor ; but he was soon reinstated in his lands ; for his will, in 1493, mentions that he held, with many other large possessions in Devon and Dorset, the manors of Hordle, Gordleton, Walhampton, Milton, Sopley, and Avon ; also Wallop and Fifehead,^ in Hampshire ; besides several in the Isle of Wight. His descendants appear to have alienated these estates before the Reformation. Their pedigree, and alliances with the neighbouring families, may be seen in Hutchins' Dorset, vol. ii, p. 116, in which county they resided till a much later period. One of the daughters m. John Bromfield, of Haywood, Boldre, about 1740. TRE GUIDOTT FAMILY (p. 63/ Sir Antonio Guidotti was a native of Florence, who brought about peace between England and France, in the year 1549. The young king (Edward VI) thus mentions him in his private journal: — "Guidotty made divers harauntes [errants] from the Constable of France,^ to make peace with us; upon which were appointed " ' ' Guidotti, the beginner of the talk for peace [has been] recompensed with knightdom, 1000 crounes reward, 1000 crounes pencion ; and his son with 250 crounes pencion." Sir Antonio was, in 1549, a merchant of Southampton ; and is mentioned by Leland, in his description of that town: — "The house that Master Mylles, the Recorder, dwelleth in is fair; and so be the houses of Nicolini and Guidoti, Italians." ' Richard Trenchard, of Hordle (1404), appears on the two deeds at page 1 1, " Near Stockbridge. 'The Due de Montmorency. APPENDIX. 235 He received letters of protection in May 1549.' In April 1550, a warrant was issued by the Privy Council, for xlviijK. for a gold chain, to be given to Anthony Guidott, on his being knighted. Sir Anthony also received a letter under the privy seal, exempting him from being sued in any court of law, "proviso that he shall at all tymes make answer to the King's Ma'tie, in any plea &c.^ He d. in 1555 : and in 1557 his widow " dame Dorothe Gwydott," (late of the towne of Southampton), was m. at Stratford-le-Bow, Middlesex, to John Harman, Esq. gentleman-usher to Queen Mary. The grant of an augmentation of arms from King Edward VI to Sir Antonio, is preserved in the Bodleian Library. It is in Latin ; and the following is a brief translated extract : — " Since wortli is always excited by the desire of greater honour, We, having considered the great merits of that noble man, Antonio Guidotti, of Florence, and also his remarkable gifts of mind and singular dexterity in transacting affairs Therefore we have granted to him the dignity of knighthood ; and have permitted him to add to the arms of his ancient family the following additions, from Oui- arms and insignia, . . . [On a chief arg. a lion rampant-guardant, between three fleurs-de-lis, or. Crest, a ger-falcon, rising, ppr., armed, or. holding an olive branch vert., fructed of the last. Mantlings arg. and gu. Motto : Pax optima rerumj. Datum apud Westmonast : xxijmo die Decembris anno regni nostro quarto." (1550). Sir Antonio died in Italy, and is buried in the Church of St. Mark at Florence, where his monument still stands, with this inscription (in Latin) : Deo Opt. Max. ANTONIO GUIDOTTI, On account of the peace arranged [by him] between the Kings of France and Italy, received knighthood and many noble rewards from Edward the Sixth ; and in his native country was enrolled in the number of the Forty-eight [senators], by the Grand Duke Cosmo [de' Medici]. His life having terminated while he was Mayor [praetor] of Volaterrte, his relatives (in the absence of his sons) erected this Monument. Died December 2nd, 1555, Aged 63 years and 6 months. ' Rymer's Foedera, vol. 15. The same volume mentions the pensions, &c. above referred to. - Cotton MSS. British Museum. 236 APPENDIX. The Guidotts intermarried with the Kelleways and other families about Lymington. In the register of St. Andrew's, Holborn, occurs the name of Keilway Guidott, m. in 1656, to Sarah Glapthorne, of Margaret's,^ Westminster. Banns published "in market," (according to the custom under the Commonwealth). The Guidott genealogy (or of mucli of it as is now interesting) is as follows : Signor Antonio Guidotti John Guidott William Guidott .1 Francis Guidott [Mayor] Thomas Guidott The latter was born at Lymington in 1658, during his father's mayoralty. He became a physician, and practised at Bath with considerable success ; being one of those medical men who helped to bring the waters into repute. But his temper was violent and hasty ; and his reputation declined, according to Anthony Wood, " through his impudence, lampooning, and Hbelling." "He was (says the same writer) a person of good parts; but so overwhelmed with self-conceit and pride, as to be, in a manner, somewhat crazed, especially when heated by too much bibbing." But this was the great fault of the time. Wood's character of him is borne out by the fact that he pubhshed a volume of Libels, Epitaphs, and Lampoons, beside his more serious medical works. Tet he was a man of talent ; and the learned nonconformist divine, Matthew Poole (author of the Synopsis) mentions him as "medicus apud Bathonienses doctissimus et celeberrimus." Besides his pubhshed works, he left many MSS., the titles of which may be found in Athena Oxonienses, vol. 4. p. 734 (ed. Bhss). His genealogical collections are often mentioned in Hutchins' Dorset. Note on the Visitation {p. 225). Nicolas Harpsfield (or De Lyra, as he sometimes wrote himself) must not be confounded with the great commentator De Lyra of a century before. But he was a notable man in his time. He afterwards proceeded "Doctor utriusque juris," {i.e. of civil and canon law), and on Gardiner's accession to the metropoUtan see, was made Archdeacon of Canterbury. He published (in Queen Mary's time) A Treatise on the pretended Divorce, &=€. of King Henry the Eighth; and also wrote Historia Anglicana Ecclesiastica, &c., printed at Douay in 1622 after his death, which would seem to have some life in it still, having been reprinted in 1878, by the Camden Society. He • See note page 56. APPENDIX. 237 was also the author of Dialogi Sex, contra Summi Pontificis, Monastiar Vita, Sanctorum, etc., etc. Oppugnatores et Pseudo-Martyres, under the name of "Alan Cope, Angliis," which was printed by Plantin, at Antwerp, in 15B6. (thick 4to). This extracft is only interesting from the fa(5t that our Town Books do not begin before 1581 : From a Report on a Commission of Inquiry into the Port of Southampton, and its dependencies. 7 EHz. (1565). Itm. None of the saide Havens and Creekes be decayed, but only the Key of Limyngton Haven ; and that was by reasone of lading of the Princesse's timber out of the New Forest, from thence to Portsmouth, and to aU the Fortresses and Castells within the County of Southampton, and into the islands of Jersey, Guernsey and Alderney ; and that within the space of eight-and-twenty years past ; and that the same is very necessary to be repayred, specially for the service of ye Queene's Ma'tie, and also for the common weale of the -whole Countie there and about the Isle of Wight : and \^li. will well repaire the same with tymber. Civil War was now broken out (p. 56) : and the results are showing themselves : Southton. ff} The yearly charge p^d hy ye severall Constables within ye said County e to the Treasurer, for ye maintenance of maimed soldiers. (1643). New Forest Division. Lymington Eedbridge Christchurch Fordingbridge . . Bewley Liberty Bremore Liberty Eingwood Richard Maijor, of Hursley Park, near Winchester, was a great man on the Parliament side ; and nearly the governor of the county, through the Parliamentary Committees and their ramifications. Southton. ff. Decimo-quinto die Novemhris, 1643. Then received of Eichard Maijor, of Hurstley in the said County, Esquire, Power horses completely armed, with greate Sadies, Pistolles, Caraltins, and ^ff means .silicRt — to wit. 1 12 4 17 4 1 14 8 17 8 8 4 4 16 £7 4 238 APPENDIX. Buffe Coats ; vallewed. with their f urniturs, at Twent}' pounds a piece ; which, with Twenty pounds in mony, then received of him, amountes in the whole to One Hundred Pounds, which were employed in the troope of Captaine Fraueis St. Barbe, for the service of the Parliam't, and for which he is to have the publick faith. John Ewer, Richard "Wallop. The summary way in which money was levied for the use of the Houses, is strikingly exemplified by the following draft of an Order from the Hampshire Committee. The " ship-money " of the King, which excited such an outcry, was a mere trifle compared with this : Fforasmuch as you haue not hithertoe, in a measure p'portionable to your estate, contributed towards raising of moneys, plate, horse, and armes, for the defense of the Kinge' and Parliament, according to the severall Ordinances made by both Houses of Parliament in that behalfe. We, whose names are hereunder written, and authorized hereunto, doe thinke fit that you should send, to the purposes aforesayd, the summe of And we doe by these p'sents require you to pay the saide summe of to Mr. Robert Wroth, Treasurer, in the Towne of Southampton, upon the of instant October, for wh: you shall haue a lawful! acquittance. Dated at Southampton, the viiith of October, 1643. John Pitman. and the heavy sums levied are shown below, thus marked out, does not appear : Why BeauHeu was A Note of Names for Sttbscription, 1644 Bewley. Margerj' Gregory, widow, Elizabeth Michell . . Cristopher Ffisher, of Grj'nnes William Warren, of Salter's Hill Thomas Harfield, of Sowley James Winfries, of Iron Workes Edward Lewis, of Otterwood (offered 40s.) Symon Warren John Rolfe Andrew Rolfe . . . . (offered oates, wood, &c.) 40li. 20li. 20li. lOli. 20/2. 20/j. \Oli. Ibli. •20li. ' By an ingenious fiction, " the man, Charles Stuart," was supposed to be making war against the lawful government, i.e. the King and the Parliament. APPENDIX. 289 The following letter has its own local interest. Peter Baxter may very probably be the person who received the unfortunate monarch (a few years later) at Hurst. On January 80th, 1648, the king was beheaded. Sr. I salute you. Theise are to certifie you that I received a letter from Co'll. Whithead, wh: wishes me to call to you for seventie pounds wh: he received of mine at London. Thus not doubting of yo'r speedie dispatch of the messenger, Hugh Davids, my Serg't, I have sent you the Co'll's letter, with a receipt indorst on the hack-side. Soe, with my best respects to you, I rest Yo'r lovinge friende, Peter Baxter. Ffrom Hurst Castle, Jan. 30/A, 1644, [To] Thos. Bettesworth, in Parlm't service. The account, by one who was present, is worth preserving here ; although printed before in my Round Lymington and through the New Forest, in the " Excursion to Hurst " : — "The coach went westward [from Newport], towards Worsley's Tower,' in Freshwater Isle, a little beyond Yarmouth haven, and thereabouts his Majesty rested until the vessel was ready to take him aboard, with a few attendants. The King, after an hour's stay, went aboard, a sorrowful spectacle, and great sample of Fortune's inconstancy. The wind and tide favouring, they crossed the narrow sea in three hours,' and landed at Hurst Castle. The Captain of this wretched^ place was not unsuitable ; for at the King's going ashore he stood ready to receive him, with small obser- vance. His look was stern ; his hair and large beard were black and bushy ; lie held a partisan in his hand, and (Switzer-hke) had a great basket-hilt sword by his side : hardly could one see a man of more grim aspect, and no less rude and robust was his behaviour. Some of his Majesty's servants were not a little fearful of him, and that he was designed for mischief, especially when he vapoured, being elevated with his command, and puffed up by having so royal a prisoner : so as probably he conceived he was nothing inferior to the governor of the castle of Milan ; but being complained of to his ' Worsley's Tower was a small redoubt for two wall-pieces, standing between Sconce Point and Cliff End. Some traces of it still remain. - So in original ; but probably in error, for either one-third (or three-quarters perhaps) of an hour. The distance is only a mile. '"Wretched" here means "gloomy" or "unhappy." The King (it is well known) expected an attempt would be made upon his life in this lonely place. 240 APPENDIX. superior officer, appeared a b>ibble ; for being very sharply admonished, he quickl)' became mild and calm, a posture ill becoming such a Eodomont, and made it visible that his humour (or tumour, rather) was acted to curry favour, wherein he also was mistaken : for to give the Lieut. -Colonel [Eui-el his due, after his Majesty came under his custody, he was civil to the king, both in his language and behaviour, and courteous to those that attended upon all occasions ; nor was his disposition rugged towards such as in loyalty came to see the king, and pray for him, as sundrj' out of Hampshire did, and the neighbouring counties." These extracts shov^r war still to be raging. The " furniture" means cavalry fittings, as in the receipt before printed. May the gtk, 1644. Coronell Norton. Bill for the Comity of this County ; [that is] to say : — For sadells and furniture deliv'd at Bassingstocke . . ..500 For sadells and furniture for Captain Pitman, at Limington . . 10 S'ma ..15 The next two extracts speak for themselves. The signatures will be seen to be nearly all of Lymington people. They are from the Parliamentary branch Committee, sitting at Southampton. By these p'sents, We, whose names are hereunder written, do p'mise and engage o'rselves, o'r executors and administrators, to pay unto Mr. Paul Mercer, his ex'ors, &c. the sume of fifty pounds iawfuUe mony of England, w'thin a fortnight after the date hereof. Southampton, the xviiith of September, 1645. Eichard Whithed Richard Norton John Bulkley John Button Hen. Bromfield Jo. St. Barbe Richard Maijor Jas. Kempe T. Bettesworth There is another, of similar tenor, signed by the same parties : — "to repay all such moneys as the gentlemen of Southampton shall lend unto us for the use of the State, within two months next following their sayde lending thereof . Dated the 23rd of September, 1645." This receipt is also interesting from the names it contains. The " good service " is the siege and bloody sack of Basing ; of which Cromwell wrote to the Houses : " I thank the Lord I can at last give a good account of Basing." APPENDIX. 241 Eec. tliia 20tli October 1645, from Jolin Bulklej', Esq. the some of five-and-twenty pounds, an addicionall some to ye 650li. wh: was the day past distributed to ye Infantry and Traine now in Left.-genl. Cromwell's brigad, as a gratuity from ye Comittee of Hampshire, for their late good service in this County. Thos. Herbert, Commissioner of Parliament for the Army. The Parliamentarian soldiers slain before Basing were over 2,000 in number. The plunder of the place was estimated at £200,000. It was here,^ after the mansion was taken, that " poor Dick Robinson, the player," was shot by Harrison: with the quotation :" Cursed be he that doeth the work of the Lord negligently " — so graphically related in Scott's Woodstock, ch. 14. The lawless state of our part of the county has been before mentioned (page 60), and is shown by this Order from the Hampshire Committee. The Alarum also has been before noticed (page 58). The date is 1646 : — Whereas the Inhabitants of the Liberty of New Limyngton have been much oppressed, not only by the common enemie and disorderly souldiers, but also by many lewde and lawlesse people living amongst them, who take liberty, from the troubles of these distracted times, to comitt plunder, theft, and the like misdemeanors : These are therefore to will and authorize you, the Constables and Tithingmen within the said Liberty, to keep watch and warde at all the usuaU or most convenient places ; and, as occasion shall require, to give the Alarum to the neighbouring parishes, by ringing bells, sending posts, or any other waies for expedition ; and soe to join together in a body, for oppressing, suppressing, and apprehending of such persons and parties above mentioned, whome you are to bring to Southampton, to be imprisoned and p'ceeded against according to their severall demeritts: And you are to returne the names of such as shall neglect the performance of this service to the Committee sitting at Southampton. Whereof faile not. The Parliamentary Committee (directed from Wallingford House) was the ruling body in each county : therefore the following Order becomes highly interesting, as showing the leading spirits in it, and the politics of the resident families. The third Classis - contains ' Not at Naseby, as Scott says. -The C/ams or CommiWee was a favouvite contrivance of the Puritan Party, which, under a democratic appearance, kept the direction in the hands of one or two leaders. Richard Maijor / 242 APPENDIX. many Lymington names, though they are found also in the others : At ye Comittee of this County, sittinge at Winton, Wednesday, igth Nov. 1645. It is this day ordered, that the Classis of the s'd Comittee stand in order as is sett down in a list of them ; the first day of their so sittinge to be Munday last, the 17th of this instant November ; each Classis to sitt three weekes, and so orderly from three weekes to three weekes ; and to sitt Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Ffi-idays, in each weeke. Monday, 17 Nov. 1645 First Classis. Sir Hen. Mildmay Mr. Lisle Mr. Campion Mr. Exton Mr. Gollop Mr. Hooper Mr. Bettesworth Mr. Ffontleroy Mr. Hooke Mr. Bromfield Mr. Moore Monday, 29 Dec. 1645 Third Classis. Sir John Evelyn Mr. Whithed Mr. Button Mr. Bulkely Mr. Woolgar Mr. Cole Mr. Tutt Mr. Hildesley Mr. Groare Mr. Love Mr. Dodington Mr. Monday, Sth Dec. 1645 Second Classis. Sir "Wm. Waller Sir Wm. Uvedale Mr. WaUop Mr. Jephson Mr. Norton Mr. St. Barbe Mr. Wooldridge Mr. Maijor Mr. Creswell Mr. Ffielder Mr. Gale Monday, 19 Jan. 1645* Fourth Classis. Sir Thomas Jervoise Sir Wm. Lewis Sir Hen. Worsley Mr. Wither Mr. Dewie (of Elden) Mr. Wilson Mr. Kempe Sir John Compton Mr. Rivett Mr. Pitt Mr. Edward Dewie Sheriffe, ad voluntatem. was such a leader and manager in Hampshiie ; and Cromwell showed his politic tact by marrying his son Richard to Maijor's daughter Dorothy. The Classis had been brought to perfection as early as Queen Elizabeth's time. " They (the Puritans) had began to divide the whole country into Classes, &c. ; and kept registers, which were finally transmitted lo the secret head of the Classis of Warwick, where Cartwright governed as perpetual incderator." (Heylin, p. 227). This Cartwright was a turbulent fanatic, who finished his career on the gallows. And note, that moderator here has nothing to do with moderation ; but is an old classical word signifying ruler or gorer/wr (vide Ducange ad vocem). For its use in this sense, see Gibbon {Decline and Fail, chap. 66, note 2). ^In reality, 1646, but the civil year, at tliis time, was computed from Mai'ch to March. APPENDIX. 243 In January, 1880, 5'2a. \y. IGp. of the Barfields at Ljinington (page 123), were sold, under a power of Sale, for £10,300 — a little over £200 an acre. The Salterns, owned [1883] by Colonel Ouvry. (Excerpt from his deeds), 12 May, lti53. Between Eichard Campion of Putney Co. Surrey, Esq. son and heir of Henry Campion Esq. deceased, Thomas Bownest, of Putney, Esq. William Ashwell, of London, Esq. John Smith, of Low Layton Co. Essex, Esq. on the one part and Francis Guidott of New LjTuington Co. Southampton Gentleman on the other part. In consideration of £110 to said E.'' Campion & five Shillings to said Thomas Bownest, W" Ashwell & John Smith, paid by said Francis Guidott, the s'' E. Campion & o'rs do bargain sell assign etc. to the s"" Francis Guidott his heirs & assigns all those five Salterns Salt water and Salt works situate etc. in Old Lymington in Co. Southampton. Twoe Salterns abutting on the lands of one . . . Bower in the occupation of William Dore on the south & east, towards Pennington Common on the west, & Oxey bridge and the Causewaj- on the north. And all that other Saltern lying in the Eowe Salterns abutting on the lands of one Henry Guddard, called Banbury, towards the east & the Highway towards the west, the " Causieway " leading to Banbury Saltern on the north, and the Saltern of Bartholomew Bulkley & Thomas Scot on the south. And all that Saltern Ijing in the Eowe abutting on the land of George Burrard on the north, & the land of Eichard Parsons on the south, the Sea on the east, & the highway on the west. And all that Saltern Ijang in the Eowe abutting on the land in the occupation of Eichard Pearse on the north, and the land of the said George Burrard on the south, the Sea on the east, & the highway on the west, & all houses etc. & bankes sluices waters lakes docks ways passages easements etc. & also all the freehold & inheritance etc. all quit-rents. Customary or Copyhold rents, fines for " alienacon " suites & services of or belonging to the said premises & the Seigniorie & Seigniories of all the s** houses lands & premises etc. Henry Campion dec'' father of the s"* Eichard or by Abraham Campion grandfather of the s"* Eichard — To hold the s"* Salterns etc. free from the fee farm rent of /36-13-0 payable out of the Manor of Old Lymington to the heires successors & assigns 244 APPENDIX. of the late Queen Elizabeth. The s' Francis Guidott doth hereby grant for him & hia heirs & assigns to yield & pay for the s'' premises to the 8'' E'' Campion his heirs & assigns yearly every year for ever the annual fee farvi rent of '^ fower " pomids etc. on the feast days of S' Michaell & the Annunciation of the Virgin in every yearly equal portions for all rent services & demands issuing or payable out of the said premises. If such rent be in arrear or unpaid for 21 days it shall be distrained etc. on the s'' premises. Richard Campion W" AshweU. Enrolled in Chancery 7th July (1653) By Thomas Edwards. Sealed & delivered in the presence of — Thomas Urry Philip Dore Earth. Bulkley G. Benyon. Notes on the Quiberon Expedition (Chapter XIII). The head of the Expedition, and its commander-in-chief, was the Count de Puisaye, a man of energy and ability, who had left the Church for the Army; and who, as a devoted royalist, was an emigre in England. He lived here at intervals ; but his settled residence was at Plymouth, for the convenience of direct communica- tion with Brittany and La Vendee. The next chief was the Count d'Hervilly. He resided at Romsey, perhaps as an intermediary between the troops here and the Metropolis. He was desperately wounded at Quiberon ; but lingered till 1797, when he died of his wound, in London. Count d'Hector lived, in 1795, at Reading.^ He had been governor of Brest, and was brother to the Countess de Soulanges. His tomb may be seen in St. Giles's churchyard, Reading (where he died), with this inscription : — 1 They had a chain of residents northward ; by which means private communications were passed to and fro, between London and the south coast. APPENDIX. 245 Hie jacet JoAKNES Carolus Comes (I'Hector, Prefectus classium Regis cliristianissimi : Eegii et militaris Scti. Liidovici Ordinis princeps. Fortitudine, prudentia, et summa activitate emicuit. Brestensis Portus Gubernator, innumeras classes miranda celeritate paravit. 68 annos Principis glorise viriliter eonsecravit. Eeligionis amantissimus, virtutibus pollens, Ad meliorem vitam transivit, 18 Augt. 1808, aetatis sure 86. Eequiescat in Pace. Hoc momimentum poni curavit mcestissima soror Comitissa de Soulanges. He was one of the earliest denoncds ; and left Brest, with a number of his royalist friends, in 1789. Of those who remained, no less than twenty-six were put to death in one day, by the revolutionary commissioner, Laignelot. The acting chief here was the Count de Soulange. He lived in the town, with his family. His daughter died here (page 145), and his widow was living in the town in 1809, when she addressed a memorial to the British Government : " pour que I'on me rende ma pension de veuve du trop malheureuse (sic) Cte. de Soulange, perie {sic) a Quiberon, lieut.-ool. commandant le regiment d'Hector sous son ordre." ' A Lymington, le 2 Juin, 1809. The expedition, as we have already seen, failed disastrously ; and De Puisaye (who had managed to escape safely himself) lived, for the rest of his life, under a cloud. He did not think it advisable to return to France at the restoration ; but died at Hammersmith in 1827, having been supported by a small pension granted by the British Government. To clear his conduct, he published his Memoirs, which are highly interesting to the student of history.^ Still more curious are his original MSS. which are preserved in the British Museum, in 119 folio volumes. The printed memoirs contain the public papers — ^In the last century, both here and on the Continent, rules of grammar gave but little trouble to people of fashion. In a letter (French) before me, dated 1790, "amphitheatre" is spelt emphytehate ; " divin " — dwain; and "Ariadne" — Arianegai ; with a host of similar solecisms, of which a child would now be ashamed. Yet the sender and the receiver were ladies who moved in the highest circle. - In six volumes 8vo. 246 APPENDIX. ministerial despatches, and similar matters : but the volumes which contain the original correspondence of a more private nature, are now most interesting to the reader. In them are the accounts of the expedition — scenes of despair or useless valour, written by those who shared the danger, and the wounds, and the lingering wretched existence on a foreign soil. There are the reports of the spies and agents — orders of the day which have been fastened up on the field — reports marked " Most Secret," — signalements or descriptions of the private guides^ and agents, on French soil, in the Channel Islands, or in England — their haunts, and how they were to be met with — their pass-words and their characters ; and other similar and (as it were) living a<5lual memorials of the stormy and disturbed period. The letters are carefully annotated with pencil dates in French hand-writing ; and have furnished matter for French historians and novelists. One account, in particular, of an expedition into Brittany, might be mistaken for a chapter of Victor Hugo's Quatre Vingt Treize — a work which has certainly received many a touch from this, or a similar source. A curious volume might be compiled from this mass of correspondence ; but the subject is beyond the scope of our present work. The descriptions already given in Chapter 13 are abundantly confirmed, as to the troops and their commanders ; but it is not necessary to expatiate on them again in long detail. I will merely mention a few points to corroborate what has been before stated : — Page 140. French Artillery — " un regiment d'insurges Toulonnais (Eegt. Royal-Louis) qui s'etait refugie sous la protection d'Angleterre." Page 141. ^^ about three thousand men" — "3600 emigres, commanded by d'Hervilly." Official Return. '■'■La Pomone"' regut [in Yarmouth Eoads] un detaciiement du Eegt. d'Hector (ou Royal Marine), avec les principaux officiers de ce corps [from Lymington]. De ce nombre etaient le Comte de Soulanges et le Commandeur de la Laurencie (anciens chefs d'escade), MM. Frogier de I'Eguille, deux freres ofSciers d'un merite eminent ; M. de Vaugirard et autres dont j'ai oublie les noms. M. d'Hervilly, apres avoir donne ses soins 4 I'embarquement de son regiment, vint me joindre, et nous mimes a la voile." — MSS. de Puisaye. ' See in the following pages. - The Pomona, as slie was at this time called, was a very fine 44-gun frigate, captured from the French in 1794. She was lost on the Needles Ledge, in 1811. APPENDIX. 247 Extract of letter from Mr. Wyndham to M. de Menilles — 25 March 1795. '' Eapport des Corps de Dresnay, de Hector, at d'Ervilly. Presens at en etat de sarvir (non compris les officiers ni sergens) excepto la compagnie d'Officiers da M. d'Hector:— D'Hactor, 435. Du Dresnay, 403. B'Hervilly, 1134. Le rapport du corps de M. de Eotalier n'est pas entre les mains de M. Wyndham. Outre les 435 de M. d'Hector, il-y-a, da ee corps, 35 embarques sous Sir Sidney Smith." Among the Puisaye MSS. in the British Museum, will also be found the following : — "Project d'emploi des Emigres Fran^ais qui ne sent pas compris dans les corps leves a la soldo d'Angletarre." Dated 14 Feb. 1795. Instructions for the [Quiberon] Expedition. Dated 6 June 1795, and marked ^^ Most Secret^ Signed Henry Dundas. List of those who went to Quiberon. [unnecessary to specify in detail, now].^ In this list appear the Count — Viscount — and Messrs. de la Moussaye — relatives. They all perished at Quiberon, unless the person on page 145 was one of those few who had the good fortune to return to England alive. Letter to the Count de Puisaye.^ ordering him to take command of the [Lymington] forces in margin, for the Quiberon expedition : — d'Hervilly — d'Hector — Du Dresnay — La Chatre — Rotalier Artillery— Corps of French Engineers. Dated War Office, 6 June 1795. Las regimens qui un mois auparavant avoient eSectue la descente et pris la fort Penthievre, qui etoit la clef de la presqu'ile de Quiberon etoient : Loyal Emigrants (qui en Fran(;ais doit se traduire " le Regiment des fideles ^ Among them was Las C^sps (nfteiwaids Count), the well-known companion of Napoleon at St. Helena. - He was continually iiaiiieJ (even in his own time) the Count de Puisaye ; but his proper name was Joseph Marie de Puisaye, [ex] conite de Mortaigne. I cannot help quoting a convt rsation of Gibbon with Mirabeau, apropos of some similar subject : — " I asked him several questions about the titles of the French Nobility ; but all I could understand was, that nobody has very clear ideas alraut them. A French surname also, is in most cases, a mystery only known to the owner." At the Berlin Congress, the portrait of M. Waddington is now (June 1878) being exhibited, with the title of Le Marquis de Waddington. 248 APPENDIX. Emigres") le regiment de M. du Tresor; celui de M. d'Hector, forme en partie d'officiers et soldats marins, et ceux de MM. d'Hervilly et du Dresne, presqu'entierement composes de prisonniers Fran9ais, que ces deux messieurs tirerent des prisons d'Angleterre, et enregistrerent. Piiisaye MSS. The following Regiments, English and Foreign, were quartered in Lymington, or encamped in the vicinity of the town, at the respective dates given — 1756 — A Hessian Corps.' 1780. N. Devon Militia. S. Hants Do. S. Lincoln Do. Surrey Do. 1781— The 1st Eoyals. 1784. Ist Dragoon Guards. The Prince of Wales' Regiment. 1792. 42nd Foot. 3rd Foot. 2nd (or Queen's). = 19th Eegiment. 92nd Eegiment. South Hants Militia. Monmouth Militia. 1794—1798. 119th Eegiment. 90th Foot. 10th Foot. Cheshire Militia. Monmouth Do. Berks Do. 2nd (or Queen's). Loyal Emigrants.' Toulonnese Artillery. Dutch Eifles. Dutch Artiller}'. King's German Legion. 1800—1814. A Hessian Corps. 1st Eoyals. Queen's Bays. 31st Foot. N. Devon Militia. S. Hants Do. S. Lincoln Do. Surrey Do. Personal Descriptions of some of the Royalist French Agents, in England, France, and the Channel Islands. Bachimont — served under George [CadoudalJ, after leaving the Loyal Emigrants : age 45 : short squat figure with broad back : hair (cut round like an abbe) black sprinkled with grey : weak beard : nose very large : great mouth : flat chin : general appearance common : legs and thighs very short : now at Guernsey : has a son at school in London. '1756 — " Buried Justus Rauch, a Hessian soldier." - The Queeu's and 29th Regiment served as Marines. 'And other French Corps (see chap. 13). APPENDIX. 249 BERTiif — age 27 : brown hair, cut short: ej-ebrows to match: body very lean : extremely devoted to the British Government : has little means of subsistence : is extremely dangerous, on account of his sanguinary tendencies. BiENVErru — a Breton. Agent d' execution de George [Cadoudal] : eyes sunken and hoUow : has a dark and dreamy look. Billy (of Vannes) : one of the principal officers of Guillemot : much sought for after the last conspiracy, but not discovered. Britlabd or Gouin-Brulard, an old leader in the Lionnais quick and lively — affects English fashions. De Champagne (ex-chevalier), from the neighbourhood of Caen : age 48 deeplj' marked with small pox : looks sideways, and has a constrained sort of walk. Charette — formerly a farm-labourer at Guernsej' : age 38 : short and heavy : (c'est un vrai caricature) face red : staring ej'es : little squat nose : wide mouth, with black and filthy teeth : neck swathed in an enormous handkerchief twisted up : ears very big : hair black and lank : beard on his chin only, but with long hair under his cravat. — 1 DiEU-DoNNE — a Chouan : committed murder at Eennes : age 29, etc. Duchene (Chenier) : formerly a marine cadet : age 34 : expressive figure : hair brushed up a la Titus. DuDON, formerly serjeant-major in the Loyal Emigrants : a determined man : has seven wounds on his body : dry and thin, though muscular : walks upright : dresses very neat — generally in black. DujARDiN — a Chouan chief, non-amnistie : age 46 : eyes cast down as if in thought : general appearance ugly : holds himself upright, with his hands behind his back : dresses neatly : a very reserved man, who talks but little. DuHAND (de la Loraine) : a determined villain : age 55 : stout and corpulent : bald, front and back : nose like an extinguisher : face sallow spotted with red : general figure mean and ignoble : the expression of his eyes is dreadful : has a very large and deep scar on his right temple, which runs up over the skull. — 2 9 250 APPENDIX. Emond — age 30 : a man of handsome look : capable de se porter aux plus grands crimes. — 3 Gentil — chevalier Breton : speaks very bad French : plays continually (and well) on the flageolet : brave under fire, and also pour des executions ; quoique d'ailleurs evitant les affaires personelles executes par George [Cadoudal] : has a pipe nearly always in his mouth: a hard drinker. — 4 GiROD — served among the Chouans in Maine : an escaped convict, from Joux : age 36 : native of Liverpool ; once a lieutenant in the English cavalry. Gueno-Penanster — age 34 : strong and vigorous : haggard and furious in appearance : hair brown (nearly black), always brushed up a la Titus : his forehead wrinkles when he gets in a rage : Lisps a good deal : his language is brutal : stutters and splutters when he talks in haste and excitement (which is often the case) : smokes almost night and day : is become very lean, and has legs and arms like sticks. Helouin (of Eouen) : entirely sold to George [Cadoudal] and the English. Hubert — has served in the Loyal Emigrants : now at Guernsey, where he has married an oyster-woman. Leon — surnamed Thi'ee Eyes, although he has only one, &c. Prigent — son of a fruit-dealer at St. Malo : age 36 : a regular agent for the English, &c. — 5 PuiSAYE, Joseph (ex-count de Mortaigne) : age about 59 : more than six feet in height : body in proportion and even more so ; which gives him a colossal appearance : eyes lively : bust very fine : knees thick and turning in : feet very large. — 6 St. Firmin — a ferocious Chouan : known by his atrocities. Stevenot (known as Richard Cceur de Lion): age 40: well-made: no fingers on left hand, and only one stump : nevertheless he can fire a gun or play cards very well : a sanguinary man : and has committed excesses at Dinan. Troussier, one of the earliest Chouans : age 50 : walks firmly : hair (tied in a queue) always powdered and pomatumed to excess, wearing it as they do in England : altogether excessively ugly : snuffles a good deal in talking. APPENDIX. 251 PossEY (called The Just) : paymaster of Chouans, and chief of the correspondence with Guernsey : thumb of left hand remarkably thick and big, from a fall at London : very stout, red nose : when he talks [on secret matters] he passes his forefinger into the opening of his waistcoat, under the opposite arm. Notes on the foregoing. After reading the above, and noting the expressive descriptions, the reader should peruse Victor Hugo's Qiiafre-vingt Treize, chapter 11, in which these characters, or their equivalents, are introduced. It must be remembered that the likenesses are painted by friends ; and must be correct, or they would be useless for the purpose of recognition. Chakette (1). Not the celebrated Chouan leader, whose death, in 1796, terminated the Civil War of La Vendee. He also was a very plain-featured man ; but was son of the captain of a small privateer at Nantes. DuEAifD (2), un scelerat determine I'expression de ses yeux horrible ! Emond (3) is a curious contrast. Gentil (4) is a remarkable character. His instrument was the flute-a-bec, a flute in tone, but blown, as a flageolet : with a mouth-piece, whence its name. It had a soft and pleasing sound; hence Milton — "the Dorian mode, of flutes and soft recorders." The latter was the English name of this very instrument. The modern flute, side-blown, is an improvement, from the Continent : — hence called the German flute. The contrast between the player and his harmless instrument, is amusing, at this distance of time. The Bretons are, in France, what the Welsh are in England ; and speak (or spoke) a different language. Prigent (5), a spy or agent for the English. His letters are most curious and interesting. One bears this note at the end: — •" Hoche is searching everywhere for me, but hasn't got me jet." He escaped bullet and guillotine: and was living in London in 1808. PuisAYE (6). This was the chief of the expedition. He resided at Plymouth, to be near the Channel Islands ; but he was often at Lymington. 252 APPENDIX. Principal Landowners about Lymington in 1666, temp. Chas. II. Amewood Manor — John Button, Esq. ; who also held the Manors of Sway (now Bond), Buckland Manor (now Pidteney), and Crowe Manor (now Mills). Ashley — William MackareU. Ashley Arnewood — George Stanley, Esq. (Hence Stanleys). Avon Manor — Sir Henry Titchborne, Bart. ; who also held Sopley Manor ; Wootton East ; and lands at Chamberlaine's near Lyndhurst. Bewley Manor — Sir Orlando Bridgeman, Bart. Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, Robert Leigh, Esq., Sir Henry Vermon, Kt. and Bart., and Sir Philip Warwick, Kt. Boldre Vicarage — Rev. Thomas Joyce. Broekenhurst, Messuages in — Bernard EJaapton ; and WiUiam Knapton, who m. Elizabeth, eldest daughter and co-heiress of John Button and s. to Buckland. Brokenhurst, Lands in — William Burrard. Brookley Farm and land in Broekenhurst — Henry Hastings, alias Newport.' (see page 254). Buckland — see A mewood. Christchurch Manor — Edward, Earl of Clarendon. Downton West — Sir Robert Jason, Bart., who also held lands at Walhampton and Hordle. Eiiord, Messuage — Richard Warne ; who also held Vetlevan. Evelton, Messuage and 26 acres of land — John Steptoe (hence the name of Tiptoes). Fernhill Manor — St. Mary's College, Winchester ; who also held Eling Manor. Eernehulles Court Manor — WiUiam Tulse, Esq. ; who also held Wootton and Hinton Admiral. Gordelton, Messuage — John Smyth. ' Why he should have had this alias is quite unknown. APPENDIX. 253 Heywood — Henry Bromfield, junr. Esq. held a capital (or chief) messuage, mill, and 450 acres (now Morant). He was bow-bearer of the Forest ; and brother-in-law to John Kempe, whose monument is in Boldre Church. Hiuchesley, Messuage — Henry Goddard, gent., who held numerous other properties, in Boldre and Lymington. Hinton Admiral — Henry Tulse, Esq. Hinton North — George Hastings, Esq.' Hordel Manor — Sir Eobert Jason, Bart, who also held Hum Manor (see Downton West). Keighaven and Laughton Manor — The Bishop of Salisbury, (Seth Ward, predecessor of Bishop Burnet). Keyhaven Manor — Geo. Carew. Lymington (New) — Mayor and Burgesses (claim signed by Richard Hopkins). (p. 27ti ). Lymington (Old) — Bartholomew Bulkley, Esq., lord of the manor. Lymington, Messuages in — William Burrard ; who also held lands in Battramsley and Brockenhurst ; also two messuages and fifty acres of land in Old Lymington (Barfields ?) ; and a house (38 St. Thomas's Street ?). Milford Badslej-, Manor — James Rickman. Milford Barnes, Manor — Edward Hapgood, gent. Milton Manor — Wm. Bursey and Wm. Mackarell. Minstead Manor — Richard Compton, Esq. New Park— Sir George Gary, Kt. Pennington (Lower) — Henry Philpot, Esq. Pennington (Upper) — [Lady] Alice Lisle, of Moyles Court, Fordingbridge ; beheaded in 1685. Pylewell — Sir James Worsley ; also held messuages in Boldre. ' His nephew Ralph, ia. Betty Bunaid ; whose sister, Mary, m. Robert Knapton. (see Huntingdon Peerage, 4to, page 340). 254 APPENDIX. Eoyflen Manor — William Kiiapton ; wlio also held Brockenhurst Manor. Joseph Knapton held property at Bartley Eegis, near Eling. Setley — Bernard Knapton. Walhamptou Manor — Francis Hanbury,5gent., Mayor [of Ljoning^on in 1687. Walhampton, Messuages in — held by Sir Eobert Jason, Bart. ; and Elizabeth Burrard, widow. Warborne, Messuages in — William Slann. A Country Gentleman in the time of the Civil Wars. [The Hon. Henry Hastings, of Woodlands, Dorset, second son of George, Earl of Huntingdon, died in 1650, aged 99 years. This character was written by his neighbour and contemporary, the ist Earl of Shaftesbury']. "In the 3'ear 1638 lived Mr. Hastings, by his qualifc}' son, brother, and uncle to the Earl of Huntingdon. He was peradventure an original in our age, or rather the copy of our ancient nobility, in hunting, not in warlike times. He was low, very strong, and very active ; of a reddish flaxen hair ; his clothes always green cloth, and never worth, when new, more than five pounds. His house was perfectly of the old fashion, in the midst of a large park weU stocked with deer ; and near the house rabbits for his kitchen ' ; many fishponds ; great store of wood and timber ; a bowling green in it, long but narrow, full of high ridges, it being never levelled since it was ploughed ; they used round sand [stone] bowls, and it had a banquetting house like a stand — a large one built in a tree. He kept all manner of sport hounds, that ran buck, fox, hare, otter, and badger ; and hawks long and short winged. He had a walk in the New Forest, and in the manor of Christchurch ; this last supplied him with red-deer, sea and river fish ; and indeed all his neighbours' grounds and royalties were free to him, who bestowed all his time on these sports, but what he borrowed to caress his neighbours' wives and daughters ; there being not a woman in all his walks, of the degree of a yeoman's wife or under, and under the age of forty, but it was her own fault if he was not intimately acquainted with her. This made him very popular ; always speaking to the husband, brother, or father, who was, to boot, very welcome to his house. Whenever he came he found beef, jjudding, and small beer in great plenty : the house not so neatly kept as to shame him or his dirty shoes ; the great ' A Coney-garth, or home-warren. This name, corrupted into Coiinigers or Connygare, or something similar, will often still be found as the name of a close, hard by an old Manor-house, both here and elsewhere. APPENDIX. 255 hall strewed with marrow-boaes ; full of hawks' porches, hounds, spaniels and terriers; the upper side of the liall being decked with fox skins, of this and the last year's killing (here and there a polecat intermixed) ; game-keepers' and hunters' poles in great abundance. The parlour was a large room as properly furnished. On a great hearth paved with brick lay some terriers, and the choicest hounds and spaniels. Seldom but two of the great chairs had litters of cats in them, which were not to be disturbed ; he had always three or four attending him at dinner, and a little white stick of fourteen inches long lying beside his trencher, that he might defend such meat as he had no mind to part withal. The windows, which were very large, served for places to lay his arrows, cross-bows, •stone-bows, and such like accoutrements ; the corners of the rooms full of the best hunting and hawking poles ; his oyster table at the lower end, which was of constant use, twice a day, all the year round, for he never failed to eat oysters, both at dinner and supper time, all seasons ; the neighbouring town of Poole supplied him with them. The upper part of the room had two small tables and a desk ; on the one side of which was a Church Bible, and on the other side the Book of Martjrrs : on the tables were hawks' hoods, bells, and such like ; two or three old hats with their crowns thrust in, so as to hold ten or a dozen eggs, which were of the pheasant kind of poultry ; these he took much care of and fed himself. Tables, dice, cards, and boxes, were not wanting. In the hole of the desk were a store of tobacco-pipes that had been used. On one side of this end of the room was the door of a closet, wherein stood the strong beer and the wine, which never came from thence but in single glasses ; that being the rule of the house exactly observed, for he never exceeded in drink, or permitted it. On the other side was the door of an old Chapel, not used for devotion ; the pulpit, as the safest place, was never wanting of a cold chine of beef, venison pasty, gammon of bacon, or a great apple-pye, with thick crust extremely baked. His sports supplied all but beef and mutton, except Fridays, when he had the best of salt-fish, as well as other fish he could get ; and this was the day his neighbours of best quality visited him. He never wanted a London pudding, and always sung it in with " My pari lies theyein-a."' He drank a glass of wine or two at meals ; very often put syrop of gUly-flower in his sack ; and had always a tun-glass," without feet, stood by him, holding a pint of small beer, which he often stirred with rosemary. He was well-natured, but soon angry, calling his servants bastards and cuckoldy knaves, in one of which he often spoke the truth to his own knowledge, and sometimes in both, though of the same man. He lived to be an hundred,^ and ' A popular catch, or glee, then in vogue. ' A tumbler. ^ Ninety-nine only. These exceptional ages are nearly always exaggerated. The Blakiston monument in our chancel (dated 1862) is an example; that age being roundly given as loi, whereas the person barely passed 100. In such cases it would be more reasonable to follow the old Roman way, and put vixiT — annos, — menses, et — dies. 256 APPENDIX. never lost his eyesight, but always wrote and read without spectacles, and got on horseback without help. Until past fourscore, he rode to the death of a stag as well as anj'." The Residences around Lymington, with their Proprietors, in 1790. Baddesley — John Walter, Esq. Belvedere — Sir Wm. Fordyce. Brokenhurst Park — Edward Morant, Esq. Buckland— John Bond, Esq. Chuton— George Hicks, Esq. D'Oyley Park— Sir J. D'Oyley(now Newtown Park). Evilton Lacy, Esq. (p. 259). Heathy Dilton — J. Poore, Esq. High CUff— The Earl of Bute. Hordle Cliff— Milford House— J. Eead, Esq. Pennington ( Up j)er)— Dixon, Esq. Priestland — — Eddie, Esq. Pylewell — Thos. Bobbins, Esq. Eookcliff — — Eooke, Esq. Vicar's Hill — Genl. Cleaveland. Walhampton — Sir H. Burrard, Bart. Whatcombe House — — Samber, Esq. J. Howard (the philanthro- pist) [house now destroyed). Lord Howe's Victory {from Angelo's Memoirs). (Page 133). The general rumour, after Howe's action on the 1st of June, 1794, was, that he would return to Portsmouth. I was anxious to see the sight, for it was expected that he would bring the French prizes with him. Previous to leaving town, I called on one of the clerks in the Admiralty, who informed me he was expected every day, and that the wind was very fair for him. Accordingly that night I left town, alone, on the top of a Portsmouth coach. The next morning, about ten o'clock, I was on the summit of Portsdown Hill, when we beheld the first ship come round St. Helen's. Soon after, to our surprise, we were told that it was Lord Howe's fleet ; and the other ships soon followed. On our arriving at Portsmouth, I hastened directly to the platform, just as the guns were saluting his Lordship on liis coming ashore at the Sallyport. On his landing, he directlj' walked to the Governor's house, and APPENDIX. 257 following the crowd, I met with Astley, of Westminster-bridge theatre. I proposed to him to take a boat, and go on board the prizes, as four were brought in. We soon came alongside of one that was entirely dismasted ; Astley was impatient to go on board, but was refused bj' the lieutenant, who was walking the deck. We then went to the next prize, which was the Sansparid, and were admitted on deck. There was a sight that shocked us — such was the devastation that presented itself. Not a mast was standing. On the upper deck was a large hogshead, which, they told us, during the action, had been kept filled, to keep up the spirits of the crew. When we went below, the scene was trulj- frightful ; on each side were hammocks on the floor, with numbers dying and wounded. Here great havoc must have been made, as the shot appeared, from the grooves on the deck, like that of a ploughshare on the earth, to have raked through the cabin from stern to stem. Our curiosity did not last long ; the smell, with the sight of the dying, and the groans of the wounded, soon put an end to our naval visit. At night there was a general illumination — the whole town seemed in a blaze. The next day, alone, I took a boat, which, by my direction, was to lead me alongside of our ships that had been most mauled. Of two that I went on board of, the first was Lord Howe's, (the Queen Charlotte). There I found not the least appearance — speaking comparitively of what I had seen — of an action having taken place ; the boards on the deck were as white and clean as any one would find in his own house, after the usual scouring. I have since heard, that during the action, on his ship only water was allowed to the sailors. The next ship was the Brunswick, Captain Harvey. As I passed it, the appearance was far different to all the others I had seen ; there were numerous shot-holes, which very much excited my curiosity to be admitted on board. Here I was verj' civilly received, ou sending up my card, particularly by the Surgeon, who gave me a cordial reception. After shewing me a box full of balls, pieces of iron, and splinters, he had extracted, he took me to those parts of the ship that had suffered most. In particular, 1 remarked two port-holes beat into one ; and the Surgeon, at the same time, told me, that nine sailors on that spot had lost their lives. From his account the slaughter must have been dreadful. On their arrival at Spithead, the Captain was sent on shore, where he died (while I was at Portsmouth) of his wounds. The same evening, according to promise, Eowlandson, the artist, came to meet me. The morning following we saw, on the Gosport side, the landing of the French prisoners, numbers of different divisions filing off to the diiferent stations allotted to them. As for the wounded, previous to their quitting the boats, carts were placed alongside, and when filled, on the smack of the whip, were ordered to proceed. The sight was dreadful to behold ; numbers were boys, mutilated, some not more than twelve years old, who had lost both legs. h 258 APPENDIX. In the evening we went to Forton Prison. Those who were not in the last engagement, were in high spirits, in their shops, selling all sorts of toys and devices, made from shin-bones, &c. In one of the sick wards we saw a prisoner, who, an officer told us, had been a tall handsome man, previous to the battle ; but, having received a shot that had lacerated his side, mortification had taken place. He was then making his will ; his comrades were standing by, consoling him, some grasping his hand, shedding tears. Our curiosity not stopping here, we entered another sick ward, but the stench and closeness of the place, crowded as it was, prevented our remaining there more than a very short time. The next day, having seen quite enough, I returned to town. Eowlandson went to Southampton, where he made a number of sketches of Lord Moira's embarkation for La Vendee. I saw them afterwards, and was delighted, for it appeared he had taken more pains than usual, from having been on the spot himself at the time. The shipping, and the various boats filled with soldiers, were so accurately delineated, that I have since regretted that I did not at that time purchase them. Had Eowlandson gone with the expedition, then landing in La Vendee, as draughtsman, the attack at Fort Penthievre, and the incidents that followed, would have furnished us with many eventful scenes of that fatal expedition. Rowlandson's Tour in a Post Chaise, 178S. From his Studio in London to the Wreck of the " Royal George." Sunk at Spithead. August 30, 1782, the distressing intelligence reached the Admiralty that the "Eoyal George," man-of-war, the largest ship of the royal navy, carrying 108 guns, had, by an accident, gone down at Spithead, the Eear Admiral Kempenfelt, the Captain (who was rescued) and officers being on board, together with the full crew, 370 able-bodied seamen, besides marines and boys, and by way of visitors, over two hundred lasses, sweethearts, &c. from Portsmouth with the wives and children of many warrant officers, and about fifty Jew -pedlars, who at the moment the totally unexpected disaster happened, were selling their wares on the middle decks, the sailors having just received their pay. Of the various persons on board the major part perished. The ill-fated Man-of-War was at that time thirty years old, and had in her epoch, carried with distinction the flags of more renowned naval heroes APPENDIX. 259 than any sliip in the service. Admirals Lord Anson, Boscawen, Lord Rodney, and Lord Havrke, together with Eear-Admiral Kempenfelt (who was writing despatches in his cabin when she sunk), had in turn commanded her, as the heaviest-armed and most formidable warship of the squadron. The "Eoyal George " unfortunately happened to be " careened " on her side, the weight of all her guns being " run " to one side, and the port-holes open, to ventilate the close quarters, when a wind struck her suddenly, and without an instant's warning, she capsized, and immediately fiUed and went down, with all hands on board, settling in no great depth of water, her top-masts being visable above the waves. This deplorable disaster gave the direction to a picturesque tour, undertaken by Eowlandson (not at that time known to fame as a Caricaturist) and Wigstead his travelling companion. These faithful comrades performed together several memorable tours, the artist making the drawings, and Wigstead's pen furnishing the narrative, descriptions of route, and incidental details, often curious and interesting. The travelling pair planned and promptly carried out a flying visit to the wreck of the " Eoyal George." Eowlandson, it must be mentioned, in 1782 possessed a studio in Wardour Street, whore for five years he had endeavoured to establish a reputation as a portrait painter, and annually exhibiting likenesses at the Eojal Academj-. Every stage of the present tour was pictoriall}' illustrated by our lively artist. . . . The journey from Southampton to Lymington, was enjoyed by our seekers for the picturesque Warner quaintly observes: — "The turnpike road, which leads from Lymington to Southampton (and vice-versa) through Eedbridge, is singularlj' beautiful. It includes about every variety of country and prospect conceivable, and extensive woods, rich savannahs, commanding eminences, and well-built villages meet the traveller's eye in rapid succession to each other. The embattled walls of Southampton, with the distant hills of the Isle of Wight, finish the picture in a very striking manner." Lymington, favoured by its situation, its delightful surroundings, healthy climate, and strength-giving baths, was thus described at the time of the tour : — "Lymington is in a manner insulated by the New Forest, which shuts it in on three sides ; it lies in the immediate neighboui'hood of the three great ports of Cowes, Southampton, and Portsmouth ; yet the active spirit of its inhabitants has, by availing itself of the river, counteracted the other apparent inconveniences of its situation, and, without the assistance of one internal manufacture, except salt, converted Ljmington, from a small and thinly inhabited place, to a populous, affluent and well-built town. From a very early period the wines of the continent were wafted into its port, and in succeeding ages, the small, but numerous, profits of a coasting trade have thrown into it a very considerable degree of wealth." Our travellers had evidently a due appreciation of the manifold attractions of 260 APPENDIX. Lymington, and the number of spirited drawings, made by Eowlandson during their visit, attests his satisfaction with their quarters. The accommodation of the best hostelery (at one time kept by a widow) held out agreeable prospects, and, moreover, it was their good fortune to possess friends in the town. First then, in order of sequence, comes a drawing of the front of " The Angel " in the High Street, for incident we have the artist himself, congeniidly engaged in chucking under the chin a pretty, buxom milkmaid, his companion and the inmates of the Inn regarding the situation with amusement. "The kitchen of an inn on the road to Pilewell" introduces an animated tableau, suggestive of the epoch, our tourists figuring amongst the incidents ; Wigstead is seen by the pretty barmaid, probably relating his travels of which the manuscript has yet to be discovered ; a post-boy and a veteran stage-coach driver are discussing a bowl of punch, while our limner — doubtless on simple artistic grounds — seems to be embracing an attractive handmaiden. Then there is a stetch, no less typical of the era, of the quaint old-fashioned Inn-yard of " The Angel." On their arrival, our sentimental pilgrims were lucky enough to meet two very charming female friends, and, in fact ; the fair sex evidently enhanced the attractions of Lymington. Wigstead had a friend there, a clergyman, who entertained the travellers at his place. Eowlandson has made a picture of the party ; and another sketch introduces the inevitable Post-chaise, with Wigstead taking leave of his host. Our artist has left a pleasing prospect of " Mrs. Beeston's sea baths," a short distance out. Then, in the town, we have a delightful picture, described by the artist as " A Fruit Shop," there may we view Wigstead amongst "the quality," meeting fashionable friends, and conversing with a fair personage, dressed " en Amazone." As a pendant to this version, we have Eowlandson, as the hero of a tender situation, parting from a gentle traveller, who is seated in a chariot stopping outside " The Angel." The rural life, and " cottages at Lymington " supplied themes for our artist, whose time seems to have been turned to great account. An excursion was made to "Pilewell," a seat in the neighbourhood, where was viewed the very latest novelty — a balloon ascent, probably by "Vincent Lunardi," the apostle of " Aerostation " as it was then christened. The prosperity of Lymington at the date in question was, beyond its shipping trade (of which an incident furnished Eowlandson with a couple of interesting studies) due to the circumstance that during its palmy days, the place supplied England with the usual commodity — salt. At one time forty salt-pans were at work, and £50,000 was annually paid to government, in the shape of duty, when a tax was imposed upon salt. The supply of salt from Cheshire finally extinguished this source of income. Like the majority of visitors, our friends ■-J C APPENDIX. 261 were curious to visit the interior of a " Saltern." The process was thus explained : — The seawater is pumped into extensive reservoirs, called " salt-pans " ; in these it remains, until by the effects of evaporation, the fresh particles are exhaled ; the strong brine is pumped into shallow iron pans and boiled over a fierce fire until the moisture is evaporated and salt alone remains. Eowlandson made a drawing of the interior of a " Saltern." From Lymington our travellers made an excursion to the famous forest ; for this purpose they hired a ramshacMe conveyance — a nondescript " gig," — called a "Whiskey," "which broke down the moment Eowlandson got into it." A souvenir of the artist's visit to the New Forest survives, his drawing of "The Church, the Crown Inn, and the Duke of Gloucester's Stables at Lj'ndhurst." The Duke, as Lord Warden of the Forest and of the Eoyal Manor, occupied the " King's House," where George III visited his relative on his journies between "Windsor and Weymouth. In this portion of "The Tour" is set down the picture of " The Pretty Hostess " — a youthful widow, whose personal attractions and gracious manners the artist appreciated — " and the extravagant bill ! " of which the length found not equal favour in the eyes of the alarmed Wigstead, on whom devolved the responsibility of finding the cash ! After this, our friends embarked from Lymington Quay, on board a packet for the Isle of "Wight. Eowlandson has left a touching picture of their experiences, crossing in a gale of wind to " The Needles." Yarmouth afforded our artist another subject for his study ; Alum Bay, six miles distant, was found no less attractive, and the effects of its coloured sands suggested a picture. Among the rocks there, a picnic was enjoyed by the party, on the table-land, at the summit of a boulder, 30 feet high, the travellers " spread their table-cloth and dined on pigeon pie, etc." Thereby refi-eshed, Eowlandson went to work with renewed energy, and from the extreme western point, produced a "general view of the Isle of Wight"; this excursion was fi-uitful in drawings ; we have a panorama of " The Needles" ; another version, the " Needles Eocks," from the sea, "Saint Christopher's Eock, a stupendous white cliff, said to be 500 feet perpendicular to the sea " (wrote the artist) ; "Freshwater Bay," and a separate study "Eocks near Freshwater." The Isle of Wight series was completed, so far, by the life at Cowes ; we have a drawing of the Bay, and finalUy their departure furnished a livelj' picture of " Cowes Harbour," here we hired a boat to carry us to Portsmouth." 262 APPENDIX. ROMAN-CATHOLIC FAMILIES. Hardly any imformation can now be collected respecting the Lymington Roman-Catholic families, during the dark and oppressive period of the Penal Laws. The Stepto's who possessed Evelton^ under Charles II (p. 252), were of this persuasion, which is doubtless the reason why their name so seldom occurs in parochial writings. From them the estate passed by descent to the Whites ; one of whom, Richard White, owner in 1716, compounded for his property by payment of a iine of 153i. 8s. as appears by a list of Popish Recusants Convict,^ for that year. I have reason to believe that Father Paul Atkinson, who underwent a long confinement of thirty years in Hurst Castle (till Oct. 1729), under those same laws, was attached to their private chapel and family, as priest and tutor.* The Lacys, who occupied Everton House down to ihe beginning of this century, were of the same religious belief; and the name of Richard White Lacy (p. 165) shows that they were related to the Whites. Both were salt work proprietors at Lower Pennington, close by. The following extract may be interesting to some readers ; as it brings us down to very recent times ; containing several names even of the present day : — Extract of a letter (private) from Mrs. C. Steer. " I will tell you about the Lacy family. They came with William the Norman into England. My grandfather was settled at Yelverton [Yeovilton] ' near Lymington,^ where he kept hounds, and was much respected by all. My father was engaged to his only daughter eleven years; the reason being that ' Yelverton, Yeovilton, Evilton, Evelton, Everton, are all variant names of the same little hamlet, originally deriving its designation from the neighbouring manor of Efford, which is mentioned in Domesday. * The law distinguished, ( i ) Papists. (2) Popish Recusants ; on tliek refusing to take oaths. (3) Popish Recusants Convict ; after being punished for such refusal. The penalties increased at each stage. ^ The statute l Will, and Mary, cap. 26, punished such persons by pei-petual imprisonment. Yet, after all, this sentence was (perhaps intentionally) less severe than at first sight appears ; for Hurst is only a short distance from the salt-works at Pennington, belonging to tlie White family ; and it is known that he was allowed to meet friends at an intermediate house at Keyhaven ; where, under the ostensible plea of social intercourse, the quiet exercise of his priestly functions was connived at for many years by the Justice Inglewoods of the vicinity (Rob Roy, chap. 37), and perhaps by the Government. * He m. first, a descendant of the celebrated Lord Strafford. Arms : Or, a lion rampant, purpure. APPENDIX. 263 she would not marry without Mr. Lacy's consent the objection ■was, that my father was not a Roman catholic. After Mr. Lacy's death, they were married at Milford church, by mj' father's old friend, the Rev. Richard "Warner (well-known as an author of very roany interesting works) ; and afterwards by Dr. Milner, according to the rites of the Catholic Church; I suppose at Yelverton House, as there was a chapel in the house, and Mr. Greenwood was the Priest. I was born [in Lymington] at a house [nearly] opposite the Angel Inn, occupied by the three Miss Shepherds. My mother died there (sot. 28) and was buried with her father aud mother in Milford churchyard. Southey wrote my grandfather's epitaph, and one on the death of my mother.' M. Cochet was the priest, who had much to do with my early education. Ho resided at Burton, near Christchurch, where there was a chapel. At St. Austins, near Lymington, my father's old friends, Mr. and Mrs. Lyons, resided ; the present duchess of Norfolk was a daughter of theirs ; Admiral Walcot (my old companion in youth) was their nephew. With the Weld family, my mother was educated at the old convent at Hammersmith I think the mother of Cardinal Weld was one of her school-friends, and used often to come from Lulworth Castle to see my father. I recollect her " Note on Vicarius (page 12). Here and there, in old documents, this e.xpression occurs, with regard to places in our neighbourhood where there has never been any church (nor hardly any inhabitants) till recent times. Yet it has been supposed, too hastily, that they were originally vicarages, in our modern sense. They were, in fact, merely Mission Stations. Sway, Priestlands (for Pennington), Thorns, Sowley, and Park, are cases in point ; for, however odd it may seem to Protestant ears, the Church, before the Reformation, was far more attentive to the spiritual requirements of her outlying population, than after that period. The time when the Papal Court was fixed at Avignon is not generally considered to have been a very religious era ; yet the then Pope, or some one for him, seems to liave not only thought of, but supplied, the wants of the Sowley and Norley cottagers, in a way which has only been recently revived, though the necessity has always existed. This is a translation of the Bull in question : — ' They are not in Milford Church at present. 264 APPENDIX. tLEXANDEE, Bishop, Servant of all the Servants of God. To our beloved sons the [chief] Abbot of the Cistercian Order, and his fellow Abbots, and to all the convents of the same Order, Health and Apostolic benediction. We, yielding a willing assent to the prayer of your devotion, Do, by these presents, grant to you that in your Granges and other places which are so distant from the parish church that you cannot conveniently resort there for the holy offices, you may (without prejudice to the parish church) celebrate religious services in them without infringing the right of any person. Let no one therefore dare to contravene this deed of concession, or to oppose it rashly in any manner. If any one should presumptously attempt it, let him know that he will thereby incur the anger of the Almighty, and of the blessed apostles, S. Peter and S. Paul. Done at Avignon, on the Nones of July, in the first year of our Pontificate. (1254). MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS FROM THE BURIAL REGISTER OF LYMINGTON. 1770. An afiidavit was made of Peter Grofs {sic) having been bm-ied in woollen. N.B. He was not bm-ied in the churchyard. Miss Laura Burrard, dan. of Sir Harry Burrard, Bart, representative for this Borough. Imformation made of her not being buried in wooUen. 1787. Buried Sarah Snook. N.B. Paid the fine, not being buried in woollen. As to being buried in woollen, see page 75. 1763. Margaret, the wife of John Hurdle (murdered by her husband). 1766. Giles, John, and Elizabeth, sons and daughter of Wm. Pocock by his wife, at one birth. 1789. Eobert Thumb, who had been in Newfoundland 31 years. 1758. Joan Whitcher, killed at Buckland by falling-in of the earth as she was digging sand. APPENDIX. 265 1788. William Smith, commonly called General Washington. 1792. Mr. William Burcher, first-cousin of General Wolfe. His stone (inscription nearly obliterated) still stands in our churchyard : the latter name being by far the most prominent of the two. 1793. Thomas Daidge, found dead in the Barrow Field. What are now known as the 5arfields. " Burie fields " are found near many towns : meaning the 6are or common fields. They were originally Lammas lands. 1788. Charles Harris, drowned in attempting to cross the ice below the bridge. 1789. William Tanner, an infant, drowned in a pan of soap-suds. 1791. John Gourd was found, in his boat, drowned. 1773. Richard Penny, drowned at Lyndhurst. There is, indeed, no striving against fate ! If he had been born to be hanged, there would have been some propriety in the locality ; but who could expect to be drowned at Lyndhurst ! 1759. A child of Thomas Bermells, a soldier, sans cerimonie. 1736. Samuel Bald wyn, sojourner in this parish, was immersed without the Needles, in Scratchers Bay, sans cerhnonie. I have not been able to find this entry ; at least not under the date given. Tradition has handed down the following story. The superstitious sailors did not like their ill-omened load ; and pushed the coffin overboard with a feeling of relief : There he goes ! cried one, — God bless him ! — " Sullen it plunged, and slowly sank: " — then, buoyed by the interior air, it rose again to the surface, and began to follow steadily in the wake of the boat. The men were horrified: — Why here he co^nes again ! .' was the cry. The reader can fill in the antithetical exclamation. The name of Scratchers Bay (now euphonically Scratchells) had a very vulgar origin ; from the sharp rocks which everywhere line its shores. 266 APPENDIX. After publication of our first edition, a literary friend has disinterred the Will of Samuel Baldwyn ; an extract from which is here given. It is dated March 1735, and was proved May 1736. Mr. Baldwyn was a barrister of the Inner Temple, who lived in Marlborough Street, Westminster. He was only temporarily residing at Lymington : probably to be near his relative or sister, Mrs. Goldwyer,^ of Somerford Grange, Christchurch,- — -whose husband he describes as " my very good friend " ; and his will proceeds thus : — "And whereas I have paid out money in exoneration of my wife's debts and whereas she hath desired me at sundry times to leave and bequeath nothing to her by my Will : I do, notwithstanding, give and bequeath to her a gold watch, with the rings and jewels commonly used and worn by her ; and nothing else Item, I give and bequeath unto Odber Knapton, of Lymington, gentleman, all my law books And my will is that after my decease my body shall be put into a leaden coffin, and buried in some of the deepest sands of the sea near adjacent, without any ceremony." The Historical Register, and other Journals of the time, ment on that the coffin was very large, and filled up with bran ; and that it would not at first sink, till holes had been made in it. Mr. Baldwyn's wife was Elizabeth, sister of Richard 1st Lord Onslow, Speaker of the House of Commons. She was a widow when he married her; and had (it is said) often threatened to dance over his grave if she survived him. As it could not be called Christian burial, the facft was probably not entered in any Parish register. 1773. William, son of Richard Buglehorn, private in the 31st regiment. Note, here, that Bugle is a very old word for the Biibale or wild-ox, whose horn was used as a signal. The Bugle Inns, at Lymington and Newport, long bore the sign of a bull — a great puzzle to the uninitiated. 1782. Francis Charlton, late a Member of the Council in Bengal, E. I. Go's. Service. ' The names of Goldwyer, Onslow, and Knapton, will be found among the burgesses, in the Appendix. APPENDIX. 267 1773. Richard [paterno nomine caret], an adult negro. The latter a slave, no doubt, in one of the West Indian families settled here. 1792. Jeremiah Meyler, Esq. (late of Jamaica). This monument (hideous in style and taste) still exists in the church, though judiciously removed from the chancel, where it formerly stood. He was the father of the notorious Dick Meyler, whose name will be familiar to students of the fast life of the Regency. 1781. Hugh Baggs, a sailor belonging to the Press Gang, from H.M. store- ship The Robinson, commanded by Lieut. Nath. Phillips. Thomas Hanson, who died of his wounds received on board a smuggling lugger, in an engagement with the Rose cutter. 1798. Pierre Bougre, of the Terror gunboat, in the river. 1799. Charles Colborne, shot in the custom-house boat, by smugglers. Smuggling, up to the present close of the American War, was carried on all along the Hampshire coast, with a high hand, by bands of men fully armed. The Rose cutter was of much celebrity; and is commemorated on a tablet inside the church, and on a stone in the Churchyard. 1784. killed by the Machine running over him. The " Machine " was a stage coach. Their horses are still known as " Machiners." 1784. William Pitt, who had been clerk of this Parish upwards of 30 years. He bore an universal good character, and died greatly lamented. A very honourable character, if written by a stranger, when there could be no reason for flattery. His grandson, old Billy Pitt {i^age 126), was parish clerk for forty years, from 1817 to 1857. 1784. Joseph Green, a Blacksmith. He had six blacksmiths to bear his pall, and each had a new leathern apron before him {sic). No hatbands. 268 APPENDIX. 1791. General inoculation in consequence of a great outbreak of small -pox in the parish : — Mr. Beckley (Lymington) inoculated 300 died 2 Mr. Nike (Lymington) ,, 300 „ 18 Mr. DoUan (of Bramshaw) „ 500 ,, Nine persons died here of this disorder in February, and nineteen in March. 1764. Mr. John Voysey (Anabaptist teacher). 1784. Eobert Rice, late a dissenting minister in this town. The Independents and Baptists, as we now call them, are always entered in the books as Presbyterians and Anabaptists ; titles which they bore from the time of the Civil Wars. The name of Rice was long of influence in the former denomination. 1795, Buried Mr. George Drew, late coachman to His Eoyal Highness the Prince of Wales. 1 800. William Farren, belonging to Stratford's company of Comedians. 1802. WUliam Loder, usually called [Lord'] Mayor of Old Town. This was a cross between Silenus and Jack Falstaff, who used to go about on the Court Leet night {p. 155) with some similar characters, bearing a great pair of horns on a pole : and collecting money to drink. As he appeared, to the out-of-door populace and boys, to be an incarnation of the whole affair, that evening was long known as Cocky Loder' s Night. ^ "Old Town" was the part west of the church, which, during the ignorant 17th century, had got that title from the decayed and mean state of its houses, instead of the Old Borough or Old Town of our earlier books (p. 44). It is now called St. Thomas Street — a name given in 1854. ' Till the final extinction of the Court Leet in 1835. The Municipal Corporation Reform Act abolished the right of the Steward to swear in the Mayor (p. 155); and presentments having ceased to be of any utility (the jurisdiction being exercised by other bodies) the Court was dropped silently, as being of no further service to anyone. APPENDIX. 269 Heu sodales ! funus flete ! Nunquam vela dabit ventis. Anthony Davidson, Midshipman of the Eoyal Navy, Died Sept. 28th, 1805, In the 19th year of his age. Infilio Davidis quiescam. Such is the inscription on a stone in the churchyard — all very classical and correct, no doubt. The Rev. Anthony Davidson (father of above) was curate at Milton; and afterwards kept a school, just opposite Lymington Church. He had the odd whim of publishing a volume of sermons in (so-called) poetry ; for, to use his own words : " He had long observed, that to the generality oi young minds, sermons in prose were reckoned dry entertainment, while a -well-turned tale, written in verse, was eagerly sought after." The following is a sample of his poetical taste — " all the powers. And kind affections, of our hearts, which are Concerned in the interests of all those That shall come after us, to pray for the Continuance of our Constitution, and To give it our sincere, and firm support." ' I have only seen one copy of the work ; it appeared quite intact. The following inscription, on a decayed stone, would also tend to show that they could hardly claim, in the year 1747, more than a " silver vein " of poetry : — " My dearest Dear, we once were blest, But now I am gone to take my rest ; Therefore I would have thee prepare To meet our Dear Redeemer, dear." ^ Similia similibus ! This must have been a kindred spirit, of a former day — • ' one lately did not feai'e Without the Muses' leave, to plant verse here ; But it produced such base rough crabbed hedge- rhymes as e'en set the hearer's ears on edge : — " Written by William Pryiine, Esquire, the Yeare of our Lord six hundred thirty-three." Brave Jersey muse ! and he's, for his high style. Called, to this day. The Honour of the Isle." 270 APPENDIX. The widow's tears are long since dry ; and we may now smile, without offence, at the wretched doggrel. Brief for collecting AIths. In October, 1804, a fire occurred at Boldre,' which consumed a large barn, nine cow-pens, hog-sties, and other buildings, in the occupation of Richard HeUier,' besides a considerable quantity of corn and grain in the barn. The estimated loss was £510 ; out of which £170 were subscribed by contributions in the neighbourhood ; and a Brief was granted for further charitable assistance. This Brief (under Privy Seal) authorizes collections to be made, in the following grandiloquent words : — " in all and every our Counties, Cities, Boroughs, Towns, Priviledged Places, Hamlets, Cinque Ports, Districts, Parishes, and all other places whatsoever, throughout England and our town of Berwick-upon-Tweed ; and our Counties of Flint, Denbigh, and Radnor in Wales : And from house to house, throughout our Counties of Hants, Dorset, Wilts, Gloucester, Berks, Oxford, Bucks, Surrey, and Sussex " : — a tremendous apparatus, which would appear more than could be possibly necessary to raise only i6340 ! Since that time brief-letters have become obsolete {see j>- 73). Health of the jnodern Town. From a Report of the Registrar General on Lymington Parish (Local Board Districft) it appears that from 1870 to 1878 the average death- rate was only 17^ per 1000 ; and he adds : — The above rates indicate that the mortality in the Lymington Distridt (even including all the deaths in the Workhouse),^ in the past eight years, has not exceeded the average mortality of a healthy country distridt. (March, 1879). ' At Poitmore. - James Biomfield, aged 85, residing in the cottage known as "Jenny Cobler's," at the junction of the Ringwood and main roads at Baltramsley, says he remembers Hellier, and that he farmed land, close to where there was a clump of firs (now felled) at Portmore, where the road from Lymington to Beaulieu (via Walhampton) intersects the road leading from Pilley and Vicar's Hill to .South Baddesley. I do not recollect a separate Farm homestead on this spot, and I asked Bromtield whether Hellier might not have also held Jordan's Farm, which w.is then a separate occupation. Jordan's was subsequently attached to Warborne Estate, and re-sold by Mr. Lancaster to Mr. Plowden & now forms part of tlie Newtown Park Property. Bromfield did not appear to be very clear about the actual house in which Hellier resided. He is positive as to Hellier holding land near the (then) clump of fir trees at Portmore ; and that the principal loss through the fire, which he remembered, was a barn . Should there be now standing at Jordan's farm, a comparatively recently erected barn, tiled or slated, it may be presumed that it replaced the burnt barn ; which most likely was thatched. —[Letter from A. J. Knapton, Boldre, 2 Sept., 1879]. * It receives the poor of six other parishes, besides those of Lymington. APPENDIX. 271 Since the publication of our first edition, some modification of the Memorials in the Chapel at the Wellington Barracks, Westminster, has been necessarily made by the Guards' Committee of Officers (Household Infantry) on account of the limited space at their disposal. The Burrard Tablet has been finally arranged as follows : — IN MEMORY OF LIEUT. -GENEEAL SIR HAERT BURRAED, Bakt., M.P. ENSIGN PAUL-HARRY-DUEELL BUEEAED. ENSIGN WILLIAM BUEEAED. CAPTAIN EDWAED BUEEAED. Sir Harry Burrard (born June 1st, 1755), was transferred to the First Guards, March 13th, 1789 ; and died in its command, Oct. 17th, 1813. He took part in the campaigns in Flanders, during 1794 and 1798 ; and led the second Brigade of Guards at the Helder in 1799. He was created a Baronet for his services at Copenhagen in 1807 : and commanded the British Forces in Portugal, at the victory of Vimieira, in 1808.^ His eldest son, Paul, was in the First Guards, and Aide-de-Camp to General Sir John Moore at Corunna ; where, at the age of nineteen, he was mortally wounded, Jan. 16th, 1809. His fourth son, William (also in the First Guards) was, at the age of nineteen, mortally wounded in the attack on San Sebastian, Aug. 13th, 1813. His fifth son, Edward, served in the Grenadier Guards from 1813 to 1830 ; and died April 23rd, 1832. Placed by the surviving members of the family. ' Sii' HaiTy Burrard, Bart, is buried in Lymington cliurcliyard, in the northern part of the old ground ; close to Mrs. Southey, and to tlie eastward of Judge Rooke. 272 APPENDIX. Lieut. -General Sir H. Burrard's second son, Admiral Sir Charles BuRRARD, Bart., died in 1870, when the Baronetcy became extinct. Sir Charles was an officer in H.M.S. London, under Sir H. B. Neale, in the action in 1806, at the capture of the French 80-gun sh.\^ Marengo and of the French frigate Belle Povde. He was present at the reduc- tion of Trieste in 1813, and was in the battle of Navarino in 1827. Lieut. -General Sir H. Burrard's third son, John Thomas, was a midshipman in H.M.S. San Fioremo; drowned 9th October, 1809, in the 18th year of his age, while in the performance of his duty, off Weymouth. Lieut.-Colonel William Burrard served with the Russian Army in the campaign of 1738, against the Turks (by permission of the King :) in the Ukraine, on the river Dneister. He served through the Anglo-Spanish War in South America, and was dangerously wounded at the storming of Fort St. Lazare, Cartagena, in 1741 :^ he was the Lieut.-Colonel commanding Trelawny's Regiment, from 1743 till 1750; and was Governor of Yarmouth Castle, in the Isle of Wight. I have heard that Sir Harry Burrard (Frontispiece) was in his time the only gentleman in the neighbourhood who kept a coach ; and that on festival occasions it went round to collect the guests. Such a custom was prevalent in other towns and cities ; and was not in any way considered derogatory. See Macaulay's England, chap. 3, under Norwich. Sir Harry's wife (like the Lady Bountiful of our old dramatists) kept and dispensed medicines to the poor around, from her store closet. ' Where he was left for dead. Though he recovered partially, he lost his sight through his wounds, which, at last, occasioned his de.-ith in 1780. Burrard Inlet, in British Columljia, is named after him. APPENDIX. 273 DUEL AT LYMINGTON. In Lymington churchyard there is a stone erected to the memory of an officer of the English army who fell in a duel, near Lymington, on the 15th of April, 1814. The inscription reads thus : — SACRED to the memory of JOHN DIETEEICH, late Lieut, and Adjt. of the Foreign Depot, Lymington ; who unfortunately fell in a duel on the 15th day of April, 1814. In him the service has been deprived of a very meritorious officer, his wife of an excellent husband, and his children of a truly tender father. This stone is erected hy sincere afiPection for exalted ***** [The rest of the inscription is so much defaced as to be illegible]. ' ' The most strange and curious part of the history of duelling is the conflict between the Courts of Law and the Horse Guards, which was kept up till the custom dropped into disuse. Any death resulting from a duel was pronounced by the Courts of Justice to be tnurder ; but an officer who had not obeyed the imaginary "code of honour," and had omitted to call out his adversary on receiving an afiront, or had not accepted a challenge properly given, was invariably dismissed from the service of the Crown, by the head of the depart- ment to which he belonged . There is in the autobiography of Mr. Jerdan an account of a very remarkable trial which took place at Winchester, about 1814 or 1815. It was told by Mr. Jordan's friend, William Pollock, brother of the late Lord Chief Baron, Sir Frederick Pollock. The narrative was as follows : — " In his clerkship he was travelling to Winchester Assizes, and made acquaintance with two young men, officers in the army, who were going to surrender and take their trial on a charge arising out of a duel in which they had been seconds. One of the principals was killed, and the survivor, a Captain Souper, was also to be tried. It was understood at that time that the attention of the judges had been called to the frequency of duelling, and the Government were determined to make an example, in order to put a stop to k 274 APPENDIX. tliis prevailing evil. The seconds surrendered. Captain Souper was already in custody. The grand jury threw out the bill against the seconds altogether, and did not put them on their trial even for manslaughter ; but they found a true bill against Souper for murder. At the trial the case was fully proved, that is, that Souper and his antagonist met in the field of honour (so called), and the result was the death of Souper's opponent. Justice Dampier presided, and laid down the law with more than usual firmness and severity. Souper listened to his charge with great interest and anxiety. He was a married man with a family of children ; he had watched the earlier proceedings with some indifference ; he knew the grand jury had thrown out the bill against the seconds, and in his own case he expected the common result, either a verdict of acquittal or at most manslaughter, followed by a short imprisonment. But the tone of the judge's summing up roused him from his dream ; he fuUy under- stood the import of every word that fell from the bench, and he listened with increasing alarm. Sometimes there was even a slight movement in his face, as of spasm ; but in all other respects he maintained his perfect composure. At length the jury were dismissed to consider their verdict, and were absent half an hour — a delay which led to the hope of a favourable result. Their names were called over — there was the deepest silence — every one in the court was interested, and the verdict was waited for with breathless expectation. It was pronounced, "Guilty of murder," and the moment Souper heard it, he fell down as if shot with a mortal wound, and amid the profoundest silence of the audience, uttered one loud, long groan. It occupied several minutes to restore the prisoner ; but in a short time he was sufficiently recovered to receive the sentence of the court, and was called upon in the usual form to say ' why sentence of death should not be passed upon him according to law ? '." "He began by apologising for the interruption he had given to the business of the court, which he said he hoped would not be imputed to the fear of death, which he had faced unmoved in the field of battle, and the more fatal climate of the West Indies. But he had a wife and children to whom he had trusted to bequeath his only fortune — the unstained character of a soldier and a man of honour ; but now he was to die the death of a felon, and to leave his children the infamy of a murderer. He then adverted to the circumstances of the duel (which had come out in part during the trial) — that his adversary was the aggressor, and had publicly offered him an insult which he dared not overlook — that he had been willing to accept any apology but could get none — that he had no alternative but to send a challenge or lose his commission — that it was well known (he averred) to every one acquainted with the army, that if he had not sent a challenge to vindicate his honour, and the honour of the service, the next post would have brought an intimation from the Horse Guards that the King had no further occasion for his services ; and he pointed out strongly the strange contrast between the practice of the army, not only APPENDIX. 275 authorised and encouraged, but expected and enacted ty the liighest powera, and the stern sentence of the law with reference to the same transaction. He spoke of the deceased with afiection and regret, and declared that nothing but a sense of what he owed to his profession would have led him to send the challenge ; and he bitterly lamented that a false idea of honour had precluded a friend whom he esteemed from yielding the apology which would have prevented the result he now deplored." " This is but a faint outline of Captain Souper's address, which was delivered with a fii-m voice and in a manly style of speaking. Scarcely a dry eye was seen, and in manj' parts of the crowded court loud sobs proclaimed the deep sympathy excited. The judge was taken by surprise ; he was an able and a good man, and fuU of the kindest feelings. He listened attentively, and was obviously much interested. Soon he stooped forward, and, leaning on his elbows, rested his chin upon one hand clenched; presently, he added the other, clenching both hands, apparently to control his emotions. At length, tears started from his eyes and roUed down his fine manly face ; he raised his head, unclenched his hands, and covered his face, still leaning on his elbows, and thus awaited the end of Captain Souper's appeal. At the conclusion, he omitted aU comment on the offence, and made no remark of any sort, but simply said, 'The sentence of the law is that you,' etc. But whilst the judge was moved, and his face covered with his hands, as I have stated, during Captain Souper's address, when the prisoner, after alluding to the necessity of his position and sorrow, said, ' And for this I am to be led to execution like the vilest felon and murderer,' Dampier, overpowered by the appeal, with an emphatic asseveration, said to himself, but loud enough to be overheard by the high sheriff, who sat close by, that he should not die. Yet I believe he had some difficultj' in procuring a remission of the sentence ; but it was understood at that time, that no capital punishment was ever inflicted against the opinion of the presiding judge. Dampier was firm, and Souper was ultimately pardoned ! " " This contest between the laws of the land and the laws of honour, falsely so called, often assumed a troublesome and disgraceful aspect. Many men have been executed for a duel alleged to have been improperly conducted ; but no one, we believe, was ever executed, though convicted of murder, as the result of a duel, if his conduct was such that no fault could be found with any part of it by "a jury of gentlemen ! " Not long ago there was living in Lymington an old inhabitant, the late Mr. Thomas Thorne, who saw the victim in this unfortunate duel brought home from the "field of honour" to die. The affair created a painful sensa- tion at the time, and, though now it is but a sad story of the past, it may serve as a landmark in the course of England's progress towards a higher and more christian civilization. / 276 APPENDIX. Among the numerous funeral slabs dug up in the Church, on its being re-paved, in 1870, was this one : — Hie jacet EioHAEDTTS HoPKLNS, Miles, Serviens ad Legem, et Seneschallus Civitatis Coventrise. Hanc vitam reliquit, decimo-Bexto Julij, 1682. Praivit ilk, segtiemur Omnes} Arms engraved in relief on the slab : three pistols bendways (2 and 1). Crest : a castle triple-towered. The stone, of black marble, with circlet of oak-leaves, was in excellent preservation ; but it was considered that the person commemorated had done with Lymington, and it was replaced where found, under the modern pavement of the Mortuary Chapel (p. 16). The learned Serjeant's name appears appended to many Lymington claims, in the Forest Iter of 1670. 'John Button (or Bitton) of Gloucester, M.P. 1625 et postea, m. Mary Jesson of Coventry, and had five daughters, m. as follows : — I. William Knapton. 2. John Burrard. 3. Sir R. Hopkins (above). 4. Paul Burrard. 5. Thomas Dore. iHEKE'LlEThT! bodeyofTho MSOW'^-WlFEOf CE0RC£-SHEPE RD-WlHO-PEPAR. TEDTHISLIFE' IMOVEM'^T-SO^" \l717-ACEDS7' (EARS ;^^JiOT:ro,./.^ ^: ^€/a•LYETH• \THZ'BODEY0F-WS "HIS-LY fBER- OLD HEAD STONES. APPENDIX. 277 THE FULLERTON FAMILY. (communicated) The name of Fullerton has been for many years closely connected with the neighbourhood of Lymington; George Alexander Downing- Fullerton, Esq., of Ballintoy Castle, Co. Antrim, and Tockington Manor, Gloucestershire, the father of the late David Fullerton, Esq., J. P. (who formerly lived at Walhampton) having for years resided at " Hordle ClilT" for yachting, etc. ; after which he, on the 2nd of July, 1808, purchased " The Grove " Lymington, for the same purposes — and it was at this house that the present head of the Fullerton family, A. G. Fullerton, Esq., of Ballintoy Castle, Co. Antrim, and Tockington Manor, Gloucestershire, (husband of the late Lady Georgiana Fullerton, the celebrated authoress) was born, — and later on Mr. Fullerton purchased Westwood Park, near Southampton, where he and his family resided for many years. The Borough of Lymington was at one time contested by a member of the Fullerton family (jxige 86) ; and it is doubtless from their residence in and connection with Hampshire that the little railway station (Fullerton) near Andover derives its name. The father of Mr. Alexander George Fullerton and of the late Mr. David Fullerton, j.p., was devoted to yachting : he was an early member of the R.Y.S. (at that time known as the R.Y.C.) and also the possessor of the Zephyr and other well-known yachts : indeed, it is said, he was one of the comparatively few gentlemen of his day who really cared for, and thoroughly understood, the management of his vessel : many were the dangers run, and hair-breadth escapes told, of these early gentlemen mariners. As an illustration of these, an incident in the yachting career of the late Mr. Fullerton will perhaps be interesting to the reader. Somewhere about the year 1806 (for the actual date has not been recorded), Mr. Fullerton, accompanied by his 278 APPENDIX. friend, Mr. Weld, of Lulworth Castle, and by two other friends, was sailing outside the Needles, when, to their consternation, they espied a French privateer bearing down upon them. This was an awkward position, indeed, for at that time we were at war with France, and to be taken prisoners by the French conveyed anything but pleasant thoughts to the minds of the occupants of the gallant little yacht : with all speed therefore they sailed away, and were fortunate in reaching Hurst Castle, and in thus escaping the threatened danger. Had their fears been verified, not only might two of the yachting celebrities of that day have disappeared from their homes, but the career of the younger friends who were with them would have been sadly interfered with. England might, indeed, have lost two of the after dignities of her Church ; for the younger men on board Mr. Fullerton's yacht were none other than the brothers John Bird Sumner and Charles Richard Sumner, who afterwards became — the one. Archbishop of Canterbury, and the other. Bishop of Winchester. " Pennington Chase " is now the Hampshire residence of Mrs. David Fullerton and her daughters. " Psalmi sapiunt Salmones." The celebrated Suger, abbot of St. Denis (1140) left, by Ms wiU, ten sous and a muid ' of wine every year, to the Canons of St. Paul, " in order that they may serve God and St. Paul with more cheerfulness and piety." Something of the same idea occurs in a charter of Richard de Eedvers to the Canons of Christchurch, in the following words : — " And in augmentation of the foregoing [rights] I give, every year, to the said Canons, one salmon, on the anniversar}' of my father's death ; and one other on the anniversary of my own death (when it shall have occurred) ; that they, being thereby refreshed {recrcati), may celebrate our funeral services with more devotion and readiness {devotius atque festinius)." (ad. ii6i). ^ Eighty gallons. APPENDIX. 279 Translation of the old Deed, pp. lo-ii. NOW all men, both present and future, that I, William Spileman, knight, have given, granted, and by this my present deed confirmed, as regards me and my heirs, to William Sanedon,' that croft called Damerosehay, with all its appurtenances, in Efford. The said croft has La Pusshay adjoining on the north side, and the land of Thomas de Watthesley on the south side ; and extends in length, towards the east, as far as the stream of Eiford ; and towards the west, as far as the road which comes from Wainsford towards Beckton. — To have and to hold the said croft, with all its appurtenances, &c paying every year, to me and my heirs, fifteen pence, &c. In testimony whereof I have confirmed this present writing with my seal. Witnesses : John of Wainsford, Henry of Arnewood, Eoger of Downlands, William of Keyhaven, William of Gordleton, John of Downton, and others. The Warrant of Livery. EE it known to all by these presents, that I, Juliana Bowedowue, of Beckton, have made, confirmed, and placed in my stead, my dear [friends] in Christ, William Soheld, John Wilshyre, and William Elere, that they may give possession and seisin, to Johanna, the daughter of Philip Soheld, and Phem daughter of the aforesaid Johanna, of the croft called Damerosehay, with all its appurtenances, in Efford, &c. In testimony whereof I have appended my seal [a cross] to this present writing. The Genealogy. ISi^ILLIAM of Bowedowne ■ had two daughters and one son by a servant- if/lP maid, and one son by his wife. The son of the servant was Robert Bowedowne, who married but had no children ; and the son of the wife was John Bowedowne ; and this John had Philip, who was heir to William : and this Philij) having no heir of his body, the ground fell to Johanna and Juliana, who were his ancestral relatives.' The said Johanna and Juliana held it after the decease of Philip ; and the said Johanna had an heir (viz. Juliana) who now and finally is in possession. Witnesses : Thomas Everton, William Feruhill, Philip Stonerd, Eobert Stote, and others. Done at Beckton, on the Wednesday after Hockday, in the fortieth year of [King] Edward, the third after the Conquest. ' .Sanedon (Sandedon), Sandy Down, near Brockenhurst. - Bowedowne, Rowdown, (?) near Beaulieu. ^ There was (as will be seen from the descent) nothing more than a preference in the succession given to legitimate over " natmal " children, at this time. 280 APPENDIX. Foreign Emigrants and Soldiers, from 1784 to 1814. Extracted from the Lymington Registers. 1784 William Dupre 1793 Jeau Durinez Guillaume Dannels 1795 Jacob NeufviUe 1796 Francis Pettijean Lawrence Izaak Kroes James Leiiisa Johannes De Vries Albert Johannes Krause Wilhelm Knewitz William Vellenoweth Lucas OldofF Martin DucheU Daniel Ramsker — has two children born : Castor and PoUux Isidore de Vaudreuil Charles Bivance Giles La Garde Giles Eebotier Elias Geisten 1798 Johannes Kroes Jean Le Jeune Andreas Nertzle Johannes Sharte John C. W. F. Thernberg Hendrik Heill Wilhelm Niemesin Gerrard Lenze Jean Louis de Koven Jacob Boleart Francois Blandin Carl Tamberem Thomas Pheers Johann Hein Joseph Verdet Gerrard Linster Louis Echart 1799 Wilhelm Max Ede Jans Joseph Pot 1800 Ludovick Mayer Cornelius de Helder Hezeckjia Hengzers Harja Klooaster Hendrick Snelling Wilhelm Koaster Antoine Pallaron Monsieur La Grange Simon Jules Casimir La Garde Christian Clapena 1801 Cornelius Mathias Van Hoey Mons. de Caen (French Emi- grant priest) 1802 Augustin Toussaint Pierre Andre Eamaer Andreas Kertson John Christian Le Maitre Jarius Scyeler APPENDIX. 281 Johannes Bemmeler John Fryenhaven Nicholas Guessings Peter Davnes Johannes Christopher Deve William Gillot Samuel Noblet Lewis Golson Peter Neestou — Gossart, Surgeon, in WiUot's Regiment 1803 Andrew Viant Marudiua Mahlmanin Johannes Thong Fideliiis Hentr^' Peter Walsers Hendrick Eickbert Lewis Henberg G. C. Beyler 1804 Joseph Dizna Wilhelm Wilburt Michael Goebel Charles Conrad Sohultze Jacob Coett Sauer James Le Marehant Ludovic Grin John Winger Martin De Fries 1805 Jacob Bellart Hendrick Wohlberg Joseph Buschs Francois Thor John Lewis de Koven Frederick Schade Charles Warin Frangois Blandin 1806 Gennett Bather John Carrell A soldier from the F. Depot A man found drowned Joseph Digna Stephen Oucokwitz Wilhelm Eath Henry Goodecke John Kempher Balthazar Morack Ludwick Otto Henry Kelle Henry Wolberg Henri Mellendry Augustin Brogniez' Louis Versturme, m.d.' George Philip Glitz- Harry Floria- Charles Loliman Louis Schmitt Jacob Bollaert Wilhelm Walbeck John Mantz Anthony Lanshierd 1807 John Brinkmann Henry Meneyner John Hendrik Kruager John Hedinger Karl Heine Andrew BoUart Joseph Vertell Christian Schreiber ^ Some of these lived on till later years ; but their names are inserted where they occur. 2 Now Klitz, and Fhra : both still remaining (1S79). V 282 APPENDIX. Wilhelm Eets Lieut. Mertens John Buchal Cornelius Corsusie 1808 David Henry Eeflin Peter Gerrits James — , a foreigner Frederic Heitre of the Foreign Depot (shot himseK) A soldier of the 60th Eegt. Louis Wallman Jacob Van Couler Joseph Dellawoose Peter Kunn Bertram Ferrier La Rose Antoine Grange 1809 John Burres Conrad Sohultze Augustus Roler Christopher Libermann Herman Conrad Christopher Boudin Henrich Freyse John Saalim Frederick Ruenstock Hendrik Seiling Jacob Dessau Joseph Hermand Dirk Melgers John Generse Andrew Pereley Frederick Lipert John Hendrik Ennot Christopher Heintrenther William Weichers John Kamph Daniel Gernsel John Stedmyer Henry Herg Francis Wivet Capt. Mackenzie (King's German Legion) Joseph Carpentier Frederick Hockgrieve Jean Pottel Frederick Engel John Mentz — Gertner James Rotes Sanger Wilhelm Motman BabUst — Schmecker Thomas Schullyer 1810 John Gevuern John Janssen Peter Gerritz Liewick Eeinke John Doornenburg Martin Helwig Wilhelm Eottenburg Henry Kelle Martin Delan Daniel Baumbech (60th Eegt.) Killed in Church Lane by a comrade Jakob Kramer A soldier, a foreigner A soldier of the 60th Eegt. John Doelden do. George — do. Hendrick Heister Foreign soldier (lately arrived from Portugal) Jakob Fischer Jaques Charrot Peter Haen John Garrets Christopher Selinch APPENDIX. 283 John Gem John Vogel Francois Dubbery Romulus Muskins Charles Hesurch Peter De Vries Joseph De Vries Georg Haag Francis Greiger Lieut. Livene Fizel Jansop John Sophin Khawsen John Every Ensign Condera Monsieur Grimall, a French Emigrant Francois Gillian William Basca, a foreigner out of a cartel 1811 Friedrich Frankenstein John Kotner Guiseppe Bardi Luigi Marchilli Philippo Maestrato John Pau George Sellis Martin Schumacker Joseph Le Eoy Francis Lillmant Andreas Zeigler Andreas Wizckowitz Charles Scheibler Antonio Poll A man, name unknown A soldier- — a foreigner Peter Christenson Martin Coffin John Doornberg Lawrence Bonnet Louderic Loudier Gabriel Gracivoe Valentine Stawigly Frederick Schouten Louis VoUman Christian Wahlbusch Joseph Delawass Herman Wyse Peter Christensen Philip Schonu William Eedi Jacob Schappy Adam Kasff Henry Dullemon 1812 John Dehenburg Francis Sphrenburg Hans Kirschwein Augustine Minguet Nicholas Vandermeer John Albert Besteand Frederick Ludwig Henry Millendry Michael Gusta 1813 James Beeston Colborne, Lieut, in King's German Legion Bartholomew Manara Abraham Hoffman John Bahlem Guistino Castelato Dominico Castelato John Grex Capt. Dallonville Pierre Lapuy John Baptist Lo TeUier — priest Andrew Hafderdums Ensign Gunther Charles De Nie 284 APPENDIX. 1814 John Dietrich,' Adjutant of the Depot — fell in a duel at Pennington A foreigner Franz Van Sprienburg S. Priscisco (Muiron's Eegt.) Marinez de Jonge Peter Vallery AJbear Henry Moorman, a foreigner " Ipsffi periere ruinje " — the very graves have perished which received these unfortunates. The common men were principally buried along the east-side of the old part of the churchyard, by the garden wall. The officers were more in the centre : but few memorials were ever erected. It will be understood that many of the names are those of gentlemen, of good rank and position in life. From the BoMre Registers. 1802 John Hedinger Wniem Burgerhof Franz Otto Johannes Neger Frangois de Vassaux M. E. De la Rosiete Warin Elizabeth Lebreck Franz Beretze John Manera Johannes Holscher Mary Von Dombrinck Lieut. d'Autume (R. Art) 1807 Lieut. d'Eglize Le Chev. de Eoucourt Pamar de Eoucourt Gabriel Henri de St. George Jean Gottfried Frische Jean Schudelookm Stephen Orbann 1805 Joseph Virtel 1808 Adam Furst Cornelius Libermann 1809 Lud. Auguste de Joussiaume John Romler Pieter Eland Willem Reandman Frederick Foerster Ernst Rincke iSeeA pp. p. 273. APPENDIX. 285 Bartolomi Keyser John Doornburg Frederick Schouten 1810 Mauritz Littauer John Bergman Philip Schorn Francis Lilmant Jacob Schappy Joseph Haupke Nicolas Vandermeer 1812 Francis Lavigne (Lieut.) E. N. Charpentier Jean Franqois Vautries De Veau (Captain) Johannes Hibler 1813 Louis Le Coque or Le Cocq Jean B. L. d'Overloop Jean Galvagni Victor Pletinckx Bernardus Reynars Peter Alebear Charles Eobinet Martin Kinsela Henri Mohrman Albert Beste Lehne Lange Vincent de Cresia Daniel Piedemonti (Capt) Louis Alexis Eousseau Charles Giller John Godfrey Bendix Elizabeth Gotschalck Joseph Eear Since finishing the former list, an application has been made to me, as Mayor, from a Brabant gentleman, asking me to try and find out the entry of his grandfather, who married in Lymington in 1813. I have had the pleasure of furnishing it. His ancestor (besides his name) signed himself, on the Register, as Baron de Tietenbroeck el Meudonck ; so that the reader will see that these names are useful for reference ; and that many of them were borne by gentlemen of position. While searching for it (at Boldre), the Rev. the Vicar kindly allowed me to copy many more of the Foreign names, which I have here appended ; though it must not be supposed that none have been overlooked. Many of them are very illegible, through misappre- hension of the proper spelling, by the officiating clergyman. I have generally copied the signatures themselves, as being more likely to be correct. 286 APPENDIX. Will of Samuel Baldivyn (see Appendix p. 265). Samuel Baldwyn was a barrister of the Inner Temple, and resided at Marlborough Street, Westminster. He was probably only living temporarily at Lymington, His wife in question was Elizabeth, sister of Richard, 1st Lord Onslow (speaker of the House of Commons). He was her second husband. The following portions of his Will, copied from the original at the Probate Office, Somerset House, are of interest : 1 SAMUEL BALDWYN, of Lymington, in the County of Hants, Esq., do _ make and publish this to be my last Will and Testament : I give and bequeath unto Francis Ayscough, Doctor in Divinity, and James Cross, of Winchester, Esq., and the survivor of them, and to the Executors and Administrators of such survivor, my house in Marlborough street, in Westminster, and all my right, title, interest, and term of years herein to come and unexpired at the time of my decease. In trust for the sole and separate use of Marj' Goldwire, now wife of William Goldwire, of Somerford in the same County, Esq Item, I give and bequeath unto my said Trustees, my plate, household goods, furniture, &c.. In trust for 80 much as regards the plate, that they shall permit and suffer the use thereof and direction thereof to be under the management of my wife so long only as she shall continue to abide, live, cohabit, and board with the said Mary Goldwire, whether under coverture or sole ; She, my said wife, giving security that she wiU not alter or diminish the same without the consent of the said Marj- Goldwire Item, I give and bequeath imto mj' good friend William Goldwire, Esq., my chariot and chaise and coach- harness, &c. Item, I give and bequeath unto Jacob Garrard Downing, Esq. all my horses, mares, geldings, colts, &c, . Whereas I have paid and discharged great sums of money in exoneration of my wife's debts, to clear and disencumber her joynture, estate, and other personal demands upon her before my marriage, and several other great sums of money to satisfy debts she has contracted since my marriage, without my privity, knowledge, or consent And whereas she has desired me at sundry times to leave and bequeath nothing to her by my Will, I do, notwithstanding, give and bequeath to her a gold watch, rings, and jewels commonly used and worn by her, and nothing else. And whereas there are several debts due unto me on bonds and promissorj' notes from several of my friends and other persons, I do hereby release and discharge them all. APPENDIX. 287 Item, I give and bequeatli unto Odber Knapton,' of Ljinington, Gentleman, all my law books ; and the rest of my books of what nature or kind soever I give and bequeath unto the said Doctor Francis Ayscough and James Cross, Esq. In Trust for the sole and separate use of the said Mary Goldwire 4nd wy ivill is, after my decease, that my body shall be put into a leaden coffin and buried in some of the deepest sands of the sea near adjacent, without any ceremony. Dated 22nd day of March, 1735. SAMUEL BALDWYN. Codicil dated 26 April, 1736. The four Members of Newport and Yarmouth-, were, in fadl, returned by two persons, and those of Newtown by four (in all, six Members by six eledtors) ; " and this small body (says the original work whence this was taken) may be further diminished by an union of interests in Newtown, between the Worsley and Holmes families; in which case four gentlemen will return fiix members to Parliament !" The old terms " rotten borough " and " close borough," so often used fift}' years ago, are now quite obsolete. The former was a borough that had no houses at all : the latter, one where there existed an actual town, of which the representation was (though nominally open) praiftically controlled by one or two borough managers. Newtown, Old Sarum, &c., belonged to the former class, and Lymington, Yarmouth, &c., to the latter. The following statements are worth preserving, from their curiosity : In 1792, the burgesses of Newport were 24 (of whom 17 only were resident). The burgesses of Newtown were 36 ; and the lands conferring votes were all in possession of two proprietors only. ^ See Odber Knapton, App. p. 193, No. 68. -See p. 150. 288 APPENDIX. The burgesses of Yarmouth were 9 only : divided between two proprietors. ■ Briefs read in Weild Church, Hampshire (1707-13). April 20tb, 1707. Collected at Weild, in the county of Southton, upon North Marston Brief, in ye county of Bucks (loss by fire 3465/. and upwards) . . . . . , ..010 Collected on ye same day, in ye same parish, upon Towcester Brief, in ye county of Northampton (loss by fire 1057/. and upwards) 10 Both ye Briefs jvere delivered to Stephen Hockley, Churchwarden. June 29th, 1707. Collected at Weild, Hants, upon Little Port Brief, in ye Isle of Ely, in Cambridgeshire (loss by fire 3931/. 18s. and upwards) .. .. .. .. ..002 Collected on ye same da}-, in ye same parish, upon Shire Lane Brief, in ye county of Middlesex (loss by fio-e 3505/. and upwards) .. 10 July 13th, 1707. Collected at Weild, Hants, upon Spilsby Brief, in ye county of Lincoln (loss by fire 5984/. and upwards) ..010 Collected on ye same day, in ye same parish, upon Broseley Church Brief, in ye county of Salop (damage 1390/. and upwards). Nothing. . , . . . , . . . . October 10, 1708. Collected at Weild, Hants, upon ye Strand Brief, in 3'e county of IGddlesex (loss by fire, 17880/.) .. ..010 On ye same day Nothing was collected on ye Briefs for Ober Carmen Church, in ye Dutohy of Berg, and for ye Head of ye Canongate, at Edinburgh, North Britain (loss by fire 7962/.) . . Delivered to Richard Parker, Churchwarden. .July 31st, 1709. Collected at Weild, Hants, upon Holt Market Brief, in ye county of Norfolk (loss by fire 11250/.) . . 10 The Brief for Brenchley Church, in Kent (damage 1000/.) was read on ye same daj' and Nothing was collected upon it. . . Feb. 22nd, 1713. Collected at Weild, Hants, on ye Brief for Battle Bridge, in Southwark (loss by fire 12254/ ) .. ..009 Nothing was given to ye four other Briefs read on ye same day. All delivered to Richard Parker, Churchwarden. 1 See p. 73. APPENDIX. 289 Tlie Mayor's Oath to the Lord of the Manor. (1690). J/OXS shall sweare that you well and truly shall serve our Soveraigne Lord and Lady "William and Mary, their leigh' people, and the Lord of this Leete, in the office of Mayor, and as Mayor of this Town and Burroughe of Lymington, for and during the space of one whole yeare now next ensuing. And you shall administer equalP justice, as well to the Poore as to the Rich, to the best of your cunning,' witt, and power. And you sLall diligently procure such things to be don as may be to the p'fitt and comodity of the Corporacon of the towne. And alsoe endeavour your self to uttermost of yo'r power to see all heresies, treasons, felonies, and other trespasses, misdemeanours, and ofiences whatsoever (to be comitted within this Towne and Burroughe during the tj'me of your office) to be repressed, reformed, and amended, and the offenders duly punished according to the law. And finally, you shall support, uphold, and maintaine the common wealth within the Towne, prescribed customes, rights, libertyes, jurisdictions, franchises, [illegible^tions, and aU lawful ordinances of the Towne and Burroughe. And, as concerning aU other things apperteyning to your office, you shall therein carefully and uprightly behave yourselfe, for the most quietnesse, benefitt, worshipp, honesty and creditt of this Towne, and the inhabitants thereof. So helpe you God and the holy contente of this booke. ^ Leigh — probably an eiTor of the scribe for "liege." '^ Kquall justice — In some manors it ran "and you shall administer indifferent justice" — a phrase easily misunderstood, which furnished a subject for many a jest against the Mayor for the time being. ' Cunnitig — Knowledge. m 290 APPENDIX. REPORT FROM COMMISSIONERS ON THE BOROUGH OF LYMINGTON. (1835). 1. The Boeough or Lymington is not accurately definable by any boundaries, as it contains several extra-borougb tenements within the very heart of it, and several borough tenements at the extremities, entirely separated from it. It is situated within the parish of Lymington, and comprehends the greater part of the town, that part of the town not within the borough lying chiefly to the westward. The understanding in the neighbourhood is, that at some early period, on an incursion of some French, a great part of the then town was burnt, that what remained became incorporated as a borough, and that all tenements erected after the incorporation, unless erected upon the sites of tenements standing at the time of incorporation, or upon ground attached to such tenements, are exclusive of the borough. The whole of the parish is included within a manor called " The Manor of Old Lymington and Borough and Manor of New Lymington " ; the former includes every part of the parish, except the borough, which is comprehended in the latter designation. As the constables for the parish are chosen at the court leet of the manor, two for the borough and one tithing man for the rest of the parish, the borough is well known, each inhabitant knowing for which division he is liable in respect of his tenement to serve as constable. The borough is comprehended within what is called " The Hundred Acres," and there being some doubt as to the exact boundaries of this tract, a deed was executed in the jear 1795, by the lady of the manor and the corporation, on which was drawn a plan, which it was agreed by both parties should be considered as within the manor of New Lymington. It is mentioned in an old entry in one of the corporation books, that in a grant in the time of Henry IV., to the mayor and burgesses, the former is called " Prapositiis nova Lymington." 2. The Borough has no Charter, but is a borough by prescription, and seems, by an entry in one of its books, bearing date the 10th year of Queen Anne, to have been so considered by the House of Commons, upon a disputed return of Members to Parliament, in the 3rd year of William and Mary. 3. The Title of the corporation is " The Mayor and Burgesses of the Borough of Lymington." APPENDIX. 291 4. The Corporation consists of : — 1 Mayor, 1 Eecorder (who is called also Steward {Senesiallits) in an entry of 1698). 1 Town Clerk, 1 Town Serjeant, and an indefinite number of Burgesses. 5. The Mayor is elected on the Monday after the Feast of St. Matthew, by the mayor for the time being and the burgesses, from what is called the Eecord. The Record contains three names, that of the mayor for the time being, and two other burgesses. On this day the burgesses meet, and the name of the present mayor is struck out of the record. He then proposes to them the names of three burgesses, out of which to elect one to fill up the record. Any burgess, however, may propose a name of a burgess ; in this event, all the names are called out by the mayor, and from them, he, and the burgesses bj- a majority of votes, determine the one to be put upon the record. They may, if they think fit, displace anj' of these names on the record, and elect others instead ; there is one instance of this in the books. As soon as the new name has been inserted upon the record, it and the two others in election (as they are called) are proposed to the burgesses, and they and the muj'or together, bj' a majority of voices, elect the new mayor out of the three. They have no power to elect out of the record. It usually happens, that the person last placed upon the record is elected mayor ; the present recorder has been upon the record several years, but has not been elected mayor since he became recorder. It is understood that the mayor would have a casting vote, but no instance of an equality of votes is remembered. The names of the two persons not elected remain upon the record to the next election. In the year 1677, a resolution was made to adopt the ballot in this election, as well as in the election of burgesses into the corporation, and of Members to represent the borough in Parliament. The first entry of this is dated November 1677, and states that " it is voted by the mayor and burgesses, that for the time to come the Burgesses to be sent to the Parliament shall be elected by the way of bullets." The manner of conducting this is set out with great minuteness, in an entry dated the 31st December 1677, when "it was agreed upon by the mayor and burgesses (for the preventing animosities and other inconveniences which may arise at the choice of a fit person to serve as mayor for this town) that for the future the mayor shall bo elected in this manner." After stating that there are always three persons in election, it orders that every burgess shall have three bullets of difEerent colours delivered to him, and each person on the election shall choose his colour. There shall then be a box covered, and a bag by it, and each burgess shall put one of his bullets 292 APPENDIX. into tlie box, and his otlier btillets (to prevent all discovery) privately into the bag. The person having the majority of bullets of his colour is to be elected mayor. The mayor is to have a easting vote. The Burgesses to be sent to Parliament are to be elected in the same manner. This method, however, continued for a very short time, for by a following entry of 11th February 1677,' after adverting to the above resolutions, it was declared, that the burgesses present, "considering the said order prejudicial and[in]convenient," repealed and annulled it, and that the old method of open election should be resumed. The Mayor is re-eligible at any time ; there is no modern instance of a person being mayor two years in succession, but there are several of the same persons having served twice or thrice during the time they have been burgesses. The mayor, after being elected by the burgesses, is presented by the jury of the court-leet, and sworn in before them, until which time he cannot act ; this court is generally held in October, but sometimes not until December ; the retiring mayor continues in office until his successor is sworn. By an ordinance, dated 1622, a fine of 5/. is imposed on any burgess after election refusing to serve the office of mayor ; no instance of refusal is remembered. The mayor need not be resident. There have been frequent instances of mayors having no residence in the town ; this has happened less frequently of late years. In such a case, he executes a power of attorney to some burgess to act for him, which delegation, however, extends only to the management of fairs and markets, and the receiving and paying of money, not to elections either of Members of Parliament or of mayor. There are two instances in the boots of the mayor being absent on the day of election of a new mayor. The first was in 1774 : in that year, no election having taken place on the proper day, from the non-appearance of the mayor, the burgesses met in the town hall on the following day. A question then arose, who was to act for the ma3'or, and to administer the oath to the new ma3'or. Part of the burgesses present resolved, that the preceding mayor, as next in office, should preside ; and they with such president, elected and swore in a burgess as new mayor ; the other part considered that the town clerk ought to preside, and they with such president elected and swore in another burgess. By an entry on a subsequent and similar event, it appears that both these elections were set aside by a judgment of ouster, in the Court of King's Bench, but no writ of mandamus having been awarded, the mayor for the preceding year continued to exercise the functions of mayor until the next election day. In the latter case alluded to, which was in the 3 ear 177S, the senior burgess officiated as mayor ; in this instance the election seems to have been undisputed. A similar ' It may be noticed that at this time February followed December in the year. APPENDIX. 293 doubt appears to have arisen in the year 1729, on the death of a mayor during mayoralit}', as to the person who should succeed him : it was then declared that the preceding mayor should officiate until the next prescriptive day of choosing a mayor ; such seems to have been the practice ever since. In the year 1831, on the meeting of the corporation for the purpose of electing a Member of Parliament, the then mayor was too ill to attend, and, on this being proved bj' medical certificate, the mayor for the preceding year acted as returning ofiicer. 6. The Recorder is elected by the mayor and burgesses ; he has always, as far as is known, been a burgess, but it is doubted whether or not he must necessarily be so. It is supposed that he would have no right to interfere, or vote, at elections or meetings as recorder merely, if he were not a burgess. A recorder seems to have been amoved in 1703 for neglecting his duties. The present recoi-der is an admiral, residing near the town : he was elected in 1824 : until this election, the recorder had always, I understood, been a professional man. He is sworn before the mayor and burgesses. 7. The Town Clei-k is elected by the mayor and burgesses. He has always been a burgess ; it is not known whether or not this is necessary. His election is for life. The present town clerk is a custom-house officer ; he was elected in 1826. 8. The Town Serjeant is appointed by the mayor and burgesses, to hold office during pleasure. The present town serjeant was appointed in 1829. 9. The Burgesses are elected by the mayor and burgesses ; no qualification is requisite. The number of burgesses has varied considerably. At present there are 32, of whom 9 are resident in or near the town ; some of the remainder were resident when elected. They are all persons in the higher classes of life. The number is limited by a bye-law to 50. Bj^e-laws restrictive of the number have existed for the last 60 years, subject to a constant repeal of them for a day or two. One instance will be given. The patronage of the borough seems, many years ago, to have been a subject of contest between two families ; and the bye-laws, as to election of burgesses, seem to have been intended as a check by one family upon the other. On the 10th October 1774, three bye-laws were enacted, by one of which it was declared, that the burgesses by any future election should not exceed 50 ; by the second, that no mayor should propose any one for burgess, unless the number should be so far decreased bj' death or otherwise, as to be under 20 ; and by the third, that no meeting should be 294 APPENDIX. considered to lie legally summoned, unless six days' notice were given persouallj' to each resident burgess. The first law was made repealable by a majority of 20 burgesses; the second, of 10 ; the third, of 20. The numbers necessary for repealing these laws were, no doubt, intended by the preponderating party to prevent any creation of burgesses by the rival family. On the 6th July 1775, all these laws were repealed by the same persons (except one) who had enacted them, and, on the same day, 39 new burgesses were elected, after which, and on the same day, the three bye-laws were re-enacted. Of these 39, 3 are described as of Lymington, 4 others as of the county of Hants, and the remainder of other counties, many of them distant ones ; one person is described as "residing in the island of Jamaica." The same system of non-residence, in a large projjortion of the burgesses elected, seems to have continued nearly to the present time. The system, in the earliest entries existing, seems to have been very different, as there appear ordinances imposing fines on any burgess not attending the town-hall at meetings to advise the mayor ; and an ordinance in 1674 directs, that no person, not inhabiting within the said town of Lymington, shall, during the space of seven years next ensuing, be elected a burgess. By an ordinance dated 1622, every burgess is to take his burgess' oath within two courts next after his election, or his election is to be void. No such regulation is observed at present ; there are instances of burgesses not taking the oath until some years after their election. Four of the present resident burgesses are magistrates for the country. The fees on admission are, — £ s. d. Stamp and parchment .. 3 3 Town Clerk .. 3 3 His Clerk .. 1 1 Town Serjeant .. 1 1 £8 8 The Eeform Act took away nearly the only privilege of the corporation, and there is now little or no desire on the part of the inhabitants to become members of it. It was thought that the amount of fees, paid on admission, would prevent many of the inhabitants from coming into the corporation, if the opportunity were given them. Eeligious tenets, I was told, would be no ground of exclusion, though at present there are amongst them no dissenters from the Church of England. All the burgesses, except two or three, are supposed to hold the same general political opinions. These may have been in some measure considered in the elections into the corporation, but the greater number of the burgesses have been chosen merely as friends or relations of the APPENDIX. 295 family considered to have liad the patronage of the borough, for the purpose as cannot be doubted, of securing to this family a majority in the election of Members of Parliament. There seemed to be no want of confidence in the town towards the members of the corporation individually, but the disappoint- ment felt by many inhabitants at so few of their body being elected into the corporation, which is almost entirely composed of persons unconnected with the town, has created some dissatisfaction, which would have been avoided by a less exclusive sj-stem, and which dissatisfaction would probably have been greater, if the powers of the corporation had not been so unimportant. 10 The Mayor is not a magistrate ex officio. His duties seem almost entirely confined to the regulation of the markets and fairs, quay and wharf. He is returning officer in the election of Members of Parliament for the borough. He is a commissioner under most of the Turnpike Acts relating to the neighbourhood. As he is considered the head of the town, his time is somewhat occupied by applications from vagrants and others, who are not aware what his powers and jurisdictions are. He is the treasurer of the corporation ; all the receipts are paid over to him, and all orders and payments made by him. On going out of office, he submits his year's accounts to the meeting of burgesses ; the balance is generally in his favour to the amount of 10/. or 12/., which is very rarely paid to him. The Mayor has no salary ; he has some emoluments, almost nominal, viz, one bushel of coals out of every ship that discharges in the port, and 6(/. worth of fish from every boat bringing fish to the quay, together not exceeding 25s. a year. The office is not one of much expense. 11. The Eecorder has no duties whatever to perform. No inconvenience has been felt b^' the corporation at not having a professional person in that situation, no legal questions having arisen since the election of the present recorder. He has no emoluments. 12. The Town Clerk' s principal duties are, attending the meetings of the corporation and entering the proceedings in the books. Notice of every meeting to be held is given personally to each burgess residing within the borough ; the town clerk, attended by the serjeant at mace, serves this notice. He has a salary of 3/. a year, a fee of 3/. 3s. upon each admission as burgess, 1/. Is. upon affixing the common seal to any deed required to be so attested for the purpose of evidence in foreign countries, and usually 10/. 10s. upon the election of a Member of Parliament. These fees average about 11. or 8/. a year. 13. The duties of Serjeant at Mace are, to attend all courts, make the proclamations, carry the mace, and to act generally as the servant of the 296 APPENDIX. corporation. He also collects the quit-rents. He has a salary of 8/., raised this year (1833) from 4^., a fee of \l. Is. on each admission as burgess, and usually 21. 2s. on an election of Member of Parliament. 14. The Burgesses have no rights, privileges or exemptions whatever, although it would appear, from an entry dated 1731, that they were at that time exempt from some customs or import dues. Before the passing of the Reform Act, the privilege of electing Members to Parliament was confined to the mayor and burgesses. The last contest, previous to that Act, was in 1727 ; there were three candidates, and two members to be elected ; the numbers were, 31, 26, 12; 38 persons voted. 15. There are no borough courts whatever. 16. The Corporation has no control over the Police; two constables are appointed by the court leet. There are also watchmen, but they are appointed by the parish, under the provisions of the general Acts for this purpose ; there are two in winter and one in summer, who are sworn as constables by the county magistrates ; their duties are confined to the night-time. The town is also lighted under the provisions of the Acts adverted to ; both the watching and lighting, I was informed, were quite sufficient. The rate imposed is for both purposes jointly, and was last year 13^d. in the pound on houses, and 4ld. on land. 17. As the corporation does not possess any magisterial functions, there seems to be no necessity for extending the limits of the borough. If, however, any additional municipal powers should be given to the corporation, it would be advisable to enlarge the jurisdiction. To prevent a variety of divisions, probably the new Parliamentary borough may be preferred ; had this boundary not been taken, I should have recommended the co-extension of the municipal borough with the parish of Lymington, not taking in any of the parish of Boldre, both because the river (on the bridge over which there is a toll taken for foot passengers) forms a natural boundary, and because no part of the town, and but a very small population, lies within that part of the parish of Boldre, comprehended within the Parliamentary boundary. There is, I was informed, a sufiicient number of inhabitants within the town competent, by intelligence and respectability, to exercise any corporate functions. 18. There is no Gaol; the only place of confinement within the town is a small ceU used for placing disorderly persons in during the night, and which is never used but for very temporary purposes. 19. The Eevenue of the corporation is derived from the following sources : — APPENDIX. 297 1. A Meadow Field, containing about four acres, let at a rent of 8/. per annum. 2. A small House, let at 5/. lOs. 3. The Tolls of Fairs and Markets, leased for three years, at a rent of -J 2/. jjer annum the corporation paj-ing all rates and taxes. There are two Fairs in the year, one in May and the other in October, and one Market in the week, on Saturday. The fair and market tolls are the same, and are taken u2)on almost all wares exposed for sale, or in some cases upon the stalls, instead of the wares. It is not known that these tolls have ever varied ; a table of them is painted and hung up in the market house. Persons are not allowed to hawk their wares about tlie town until after twelve o'clock in the day ; before this time, they must expose* them for sale in the market-house. This regulation is thought to be beneficial to the public. I was told that the tolls did not prevent any person from attending the fairs or market. The lessee of the tolls is called the clerk of the market. . 4. Quay Dues. These dues are taken upon all goods exported or iuipurted at the quay, which is the property of the corporation, and which i.s repaired and maintained bj' them. Besides the tolls taken ujjou the landing or shipping, there is a toll called "Wheelidge," oi 2d. for every load drawn over the corporation quay to or fi'om a vessel, and of Id. for every load, drawn to or from any neighbouring quay, which passes the quay of the corporation. No complaints arc made of these dues and tolls, which are verj' low. The quay dues are let on a lease for seven years, at a rent of 71. 5. The Eiver Dues. Tliese are dues payable by all vessels which come within the river, inside of a certain beacon, called .Tack in the Basket. They vary according to the size of the vessel from -id. to 25. 6d. There is no anchorage toll ; the vessels are entitled to use the mooring posts, which the corporation repair and maintain, as they do also the beacon. Tliese dues are let on lease for seven j'ears, at a rent of 7/. 6. Quit-rents. Tliese are small acknowledgments paid by such as have made encroachments, by building on the wastes of the corporation or making any projections into the streets. They average about 11/. n £ s. d. 6 16 9 10 14 7 7 12 3 19 6 2 2 3 4 6 2 16 8 298 APPENDIX. The average Income is nominally about 80/. 105., but the rents are seldom all collected. Every thing leased by the corporation is let by fair competition, no preference being shown to anyone, and I was told that all the rents were as high as the respective properties would bear. The annual Expenditure of the corporation is nearly uniform, and averages about 80/. That for the last year, ending October 1832, amounted to 79/. 125. id. ; the items are, — Salary and bill of town clerk . . . . Ditto ,, ,, of town Serjeant .. Quit-rent to the lord of the manor for the market-place . . Rates paid in respect of the market Church ringers Wine for the court leet jury It has been customary from time out of memory to give 1 doz. of wine to the leet jury. Some small incidental expenses Various tradesmen's bills for repairs to the market, town hall, wharf, &c • • ■ ■ 42 6 4 The income collected in this year was Leaving a balance due to the mayor 20. The Population of the parish of Lymington — In 1801 1811 1821 1831 According to the Report of the Boundary Commissioners, the population of the Borough, in 1831, was 2,000. The Inhabited bouses within the parish — In 1801 . . . . . . . , was 475 - 1821 .. .... .. 526 » 1831 659^ The number of 10/. voters upon the Revising Barrister's list in 1832 was, — Withiu the parish of Lymington .. .. .. .. 199 Within that part of the Parliamentary boundary within the parish of Boldre . . . . . . . . . ■ . . 32 ' Marshall's Statistics, p. 28, No. 1453. " Census of 1831. £79 12 4 .. 68 19 5 .. 10 12 11 )n — was 2,378 ' 2,641 ' 3,164' 3,361 ' APPENDIX. 299 The Town is considered to be in a somewhat improving state ; several large outlaj's of capital have taken place within the last three or four years. A company has been formed for the purpose of supplying steam navigation to and from Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight; a sum of 3,0()0/. has been subscribed for the formation of gas-works, and the same sum for the orection of baths; dwelling-houses have been, and are now being, built on an impr. ived scale. The principal object of these improvements is to induce visitors to resort to the town during the summer. The number of these has not increased within the last few years. There is little or no commerce CL^rried on within the town ; the only manufacture in the neighbourhood is that of salt, which some years ago was carried on to a verj' large extent, but latterly has decreased. There is a large fair iu the year for cheeses, which are exported to various places along the Sussex coast. There seemed to be a great anxiety amongst the inhabitants to have the port made independent of that of Southampton. They consider that the town is very favoui-ably situated for foreign trade, but that this is entirely checked by its subordination to the port of Southampton, from the necessity of the importers having to pay the full duties on the entrance of their cargoes into the port ; the chief trade expected is that of timber. The reason of the port not having been made independent is the small trade carried on, which is not considered suiiicient for a separate establishment : but it was represented to me, that there ai'e two persons competent to execute the requisite duties, who would do so gratuitously, and for whom some of the inhabitants would be responsible, until the trade of the port should warrant the paj-ment of the usual salaries. From what I could learn from other quarters, I think it may be doubted whether these are not expectations more sanguine than an unbiassed consideration of the facts would warrant. The following is a Return from the Custom-house relating to the coasting trade. The foreign entries are made at the Southamjiton Custom-house. Amount of Tonnage of all Imports and Exports, in the following j'ears : Years. Inwards. Outwards. 1810 .. .. 16,778 .. .. 16,855 1811 1812 1820 1821 1822 1830 1831 1832 16,467 16,928 12,835 12,934 14,819 13,985 12,562 10,757 18,876 28,006 8,616 9,435 12,138 8,500 8,495 7,242 300 APPENDIX. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Frontispiece. Portrait of the Author — Edward King. PLATE— p. 3. Map of the Town about 1680 ; shewing the Old Borough of 1150 and the New Borough of 1240. PLATE~p. 10. The plan of Damerosehay.^ Efford Mill appears in Domesday Book, as then existing : — "A mill [in Eaiforde] which is held by quidam custos domus Regis." What King's house that may have been, is now unknown. PLATE— p. 12. An old Deed in the To,vn Chest, copied, with its appendant seals, to show the style of writing of the time (1463). The words are : — Noveri)Jt univf;'si per pcesentes, Nos, Thoniam Schafte et Steplmvmm Veel attornasse, co;;stitiiisse, et in loco uostro posuisse, djXQCtum. nobis in Chrz'sto John«nem Bowne, capella;j/(m, no5^rum verujw et legalem Attornatu;« ad deliberandum, vice et no»(i«e nostro, Johanni Pedder et 'Sohaniii Cfeyllys, pleuam et pacificam possessione;« et seisinam in una crofta vocatn Bowedowue Crofte, infra dommwrni de Ebtbrde ; ut in quadam carta inde confeota plen»(5 apparet : Eatu)« et gratnm hjientes et ten«Jtes quicquid idem Attornat;« noster, vice ac nomine nostyo, fecerit in pr^missis. In euJH5 rei testi»(o«/»m Sigilla ' Damerosehay and Pumhay. The termination haij cleavly means meadow. The former part of the word no doubt refers to some distinct flower growing there, just as we might now say Cou'dip Meadj i^c. The Dame-rose I take to be the Primrose, whose pale, retiring, rounded flower might well be termed the Maiden Rose, or Our Lady's Rose, in contrast to the real rose, which has always been associated with love and jollity. The Puss flower I think must be the Hyacinth ( H. non-scriptus), so named from its bloom — like a purse or puss, as a Hampshire rustic would still call it. This flower is the culverkeys of Isaak Walton, its blue hue being suggestive of a wild pigeon (culver) ; and its appearance, of a bunch of old-fashioned keys fastened together (Cjerm. schlussel-blumen, or key-Jloxctrs). Both grow plentifully in the locality, as they must always have done. APPENDIX. 301 ni'5h'a p)YScntihKs apposuim»s. Datum sexto die uionsis FlV'bruurij, auuo regni Regis Edwardi, qunrti post Conqu«i'»m Auglim, quarto.' It is a warrant of attorney for the livery and seisin of Holmes' Mead. The notches at the top show the origin of our term Indenture. The deed on p. 13 is the release or completion of the above. The three pieces are Town Tokens, fully described on p. 66. The letters in the centre are e.xamples of what may often be observed on old houses and old coins. Where the person was married (as here) the upper letter (G) stands for the surname ; and the lower (T and E) for the husband and wife's respective initials. Where only two occur, as on the coins, the person was either a widower or unmarried. PL ATE- p. 1 6. The Church previous to 1800. It will be noticed that the Church- yard originally included a portion of the present High Street. PLATE— p. 22. The old Town Hall of Juliana Tevant. The Market Cross and Pillory are in front ; then come the Flesh Shambles (p. 24) ; and on the left is the second Town Hall (p. 26). PLATE- p. 26. Signatures of Burgesses. They run as follows : — Richard Casforde's mark — rude figure of a hand. (1574). John Burrard. (1574). Edmimde Dowe. (1574). Jo : Mawdytt — his monogram, I.M. to which, on other occasions, he adds the date — two instances in margin. (1574). Jo: Longe, Gent, marks with a cross. (1574). John Richards. Observe the elaborate paraphc or flourish. Per me, John Loder. He has introduced the date. (1598). Tho. Turbervile, maior. (1598). This was termed the Italian hand, in contradistinction to the older English character. Tho. Marshall. (159S). 1 The italic letter (as in other places) is used to fill out the cunlractions, .-md make them mure intelligible to a juvenile reader. 302 APPENDIX. E. Pamplvn, the courtier and page of the Queen (see p. 37) — 1593. Thomas Barker. (1611). M.P. in 1G03. WiU'm Dolinge. (1612). Sir Ambrose Button, Kt. (1612). WiU'm AViltshire, his mark — a W reversed. (1616). John Pope (1600) a good contrast between the stiff writing and the free flourish. On the continent, to this day, the paraphc is considered to be as essential as the signature itself. Hener[j'] Holeste[»'] his mark. H for Henry, and a rude figure of a holster attached to a war-saddle of the period. A tradesman's signature (probably 1612). PLATE— p. 46. A sample of the very primitive stj'le of Parliamentar}' Elections in 1620. Sir William Dodington, Kt. and Henry Campion, Esq. were returned ; though the former would seem to have had less votes than John Moore. Perhaps some later hand has added a few dots by way of practical joke. PLATE-p.sA- The east side of Gosport Street, all destroyed e.xcept the Wheatsheaf on the left. On the right : Mr. Wearn, painter — Old Inn known as the Isle of Wight Hoy — Gentleman's Residence (of the " pigtail and rococo " period, about 1740), belonging to the Beeston family. From a juvenile sketch of George Hicks, Esq., taken from the first-floor window of their residence, at the south-west corner of the High Street (now No. 1). The inn, and the other low old timbered houses were about the time of the Civil Wars — 1640. PLATE~p. 55. Record of an Election, in 1640, for the celebrated Long Parliament, which beheaded Charles I. Viccsimo die Octobris 1640 ; Bnrgiis de Lemington. John Button, Esquire, Henrj' Campion, Esquire, were elected Burgesses for the [this] Parliament by the general! consent of [rt//] the Maior and APPENDIX. 303 all the Burgesses of the Borrowe aforesaid whose uamos are subscribed; to begin the 3. of Novemb. next. Ffra: Guidott Maior Thomas Hurst Willm: Dolinge John Hurst George Burrad Thomas Turner John Eichards Richard Carter James Denmead Thomas X Barueby, his mark Willm: Edwards Ralfe Dore Robert Edwards Edward Turvile. PLATE— p. 68. Old Houses at the corner of Ashley Lane ; occupying the site of the present Nos. 40, 41, and 42 High Street. They were probably of the time of Queen Elizabeth ; the shop front, of 1760 or thereabouts. PLATE— p. 94. Walhampton (about 1680), from a somewhat later drawing, in possession of Sir Harry Paul Burrard, Bart. The old house was pulled down in 1711, by Paul Burrard, Esq. who erected the centre part of the present mansion. The wings were added by Sir Harry Burrard Neale, in 1815. The limited grounds, shown on the drawing, were amplified into the present e.xtensive woods, walks, lawns, and sheets of water, about 1734. The road in front has long been turned to a greater distance, by a more circuitous route. PLATE— p. 96. The old Manor House at Woodside — taken about 1840. Copied from a juvenile sketch by Mr. George Hicks, kindly lent for the purpose. PLATE— p. 104. The third Town Hall pulled down in 1858 (p. 105). 0;i the left-hand is the old Market or Butter Cross. On the right-hand the [now] Angel Hotel, originally "The George." 304 APPENDIX. PLATE~p. io6. Pylewell Manor House (about 1700), from a scarce print by La Rocque. This building forms the centre of the present mansion, the two wings of which were erected by Joseph Weld, Esq., about 1820. The road in front has long been closed. In the right-hand lower corner, between the trees and the spectator, stood the old chapel of Baddesley, removed in 1818. PLATE— p. 114. Inside of a "Saltern" at Lymington. — Salt-pans, with the manner of making salt. — (p. 163). PLATE— p. 120. Old House formerly occupying the site of the present Congregational Church : a good example of a respectable residence about 1660. The doorway went down two steps below the street, as all old houses did formerly. The higher part at the back was a more recent addition — about 1730. The little shop on the left hand is a specimen of the superior class of that era (with glazed windows) — see p. 100. It was a doctor's shop in the occupation of Mr. Nike, who (with his father before him) was the favourite practitioner for the Dissenting interest, as the Beckleys (father and son)^ were for the orthodox Church-and- state inhabitants. Mr. Nike died comparatively young ; and has a tablet to his memor)' in the Church. He was a very worthy man, and much esteemed by everybody : — high praise ; even if we deduct a little from the laudation of the inscription. 1 There is an anecdote, in Lockhart's Life of Scott, about some north-country doctor, whose practice wns comprised in the administration of two simples — *'laudamy and calamy. " Dr. Sangrado {Oil Bias) put equal trust in bleeding and copious draughts of warm water. An old lady (a relative and friend of Mr. Beckley} described to the writer his whole routine as consisting merely in repeated blue pill and repeated Ijleeding. The results of this practice may be surmised. Goldsmith, after being an usher in a school, was for a short time assistant in a small chemist's shop by the Monument (London) ; and on the strength of that, set up as a physician ! There really was but little ex.iggeration in Moliere's witty s.ircism : — Qure sunt remedia Quse in maladia Convenit facere ? — Clyslerium donare, I'ostea seignare, Ensuita purgare, Reseignare, repurgare, et reclysterisare. The great Gassendi (1655) was bled thirteen times before he died. "The lancet," said an eminent surgeon of the present day, '* has slain more people than the sword '' ! Its use is quite laid aside ; and blue-pill is but little used by the modern practitioner, who looks on fever as weakness, and administers stimulants instead of depletives, in such cases. APPENDIX. 805 PLATE— p. 158. Portrait of Sir Harry Burrard (1st Bart.) from a beautiful crayon drawing in possession of the family. (Artist unknown). PLATE— p. 169. View of High Street, showing Third Town Hall — removed in 1858. This view, which was published in 1832 by R. A. Grove, was dedicated to Admiral Sir Harry Neale, Bart. PLATE— p. 172. A sketch of one of the old Grave Slabs dug up when the Church was re-paved in 1873, with a number of others in a fragmentary' state, none having any inscriptions. [This shows that the Church has existed on the same spot, on the top of the hill, from the earliest times ; which has been doubted]. The present stone was laid on the surface of the churchyard, near the west door ; but is rapidly decaying, from exposure to the air. The Coin or Medal is a copy (natural size) of a leaden Balhi, once appended to some pardon, dispensation, or bull, in the old Catholic times. It was thrown up from a very deep grave in Milford Church- yard, about 1854, still grasped in the skeleton hand which had held it for nearly five centuries. Nothing remained except this seal, in beautiful preservation, thickly covered with a brown shining patina or coating. On one side,i Innoce[n]tius P[apa] P[ius] VI. On the other are the two heads of S. Peter and S. Paul (the traditionary likenesses) ; with St. Pa[ulus] St. Pe[trus] on the upper part. PLATE— p. 260. Inn yard of " The Angel," — from a sketch by Rowlandson in 1782. PLATE— p. 276. Two old Headstones in the churchyard, curious from their style. The lower one must be 1594 : it was, till recently, entirely buried in the soil. AH the old stones perished when the tower was built (1670), or in the confusion of the Civil \\'ars (p. 61). No entry in the register can be found to suit in 1694 ; and the style is too rude for that era. ' Pope Innocent VI lived about 1360. He was one of the Avignon Popes; and cotemporary with Rienzi. 306 APPENDIX. The name is probably Wickelton, or Wickenden, an ancient family of the town (now extinct), of which several very old stones remain near. A cross, or some similar kind of ornament, would appear to have been fixed on the top originally. The upper stone, elaborate in its design, is close to the north side of the nave. The christian name it bears is Thomson — for Thomasin or Thomasina, once a favourite female appellation. ADDENDA. Page 35. For George Wallop, read William. Inscription, page 37. Probably some graves in the churcliyard were broken into, to raise a battery against the Castle ; when buried in one common grave afterwards, mortui loquuntur. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on tlie last date stamped below. D 000 452 725 *DA 690 L89K6 1900