UC-NRLF -^:\^^- L I B R ARY '^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. OIKT OK Received Y\\jOul( , iSg'jL. . f Accessions No. /4'7^^'7 Shelf N'). C«* ! 1 -^-^r .^-^. .^^^ "%*:^ ^•w^ Ji lalon 0M J M 9 WA IViU WtBENJAMIN ~" S) JERUSALEM Battle of BETH-HORON and the Campaign against the 2555 A. M., 1441 B. C. ••©•O-o- JOSHUAS DETOUR -«-"""■' FLIGH T OF THE AMOR 0m XoaV M^ AMORITES. ITES- JOSHUA. X. 35 C.A.L.r. JOSHUA'S LONG DAY AND THE DIAL OF AHAZ. A SCIENTIFIC VINDICATION AND "A MIDNIGHT CRY." BY CHARLES A. L. TOTTEN. First Lieutenant Fourth Aktillert, U. S. A.; Professor of Military Science and Tactics, S. S. S. op Yale University; Atjthcr op " Strategos; '' "An Important Question;" "Facts, Fancies, Legends, and Lore op Nativity;" Etc. Editor of "Our Race," Etc. THE PARABLE OF THE FIG TREE: "When her branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that Sumnner is near : So ye in like manner, when ye shall see these things come to pass, know that it is nigh, even at the doors." Mark xiii. 28-29. NEW HAVEN, CONN.: THE OUR RACE PUBLISHING COMPANY. <<^^ OF TIj UHITIRSIT-T)) ow Copyrighted, 1890, BY CHARLES A. L. TOTTEN. {All rights reserved.) WORD TO 'TtfB Wise." Dan. xii. 10; Matt. xxv. 1-13. " The Sun and the Moon stood still in their habitation.^ ^ Hah. Hi. 11. Study No. 2 THE OUR RACE SERIES, THE A^OICE OF HISTORY. TOXXK^N "'And God said Let there he lights in the firma- ment of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let themhefor signs and for seasons^ and for days^ and years : And let them he for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earthy and it was so. And God made two great lights ; the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night,'''' Gen. /., 14-15. Study Number Two. THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Joshua's Long Day, and The Dial of Ahaz. A Scientific Vindication, and a Midnight Cry. CONTENTS. PAGE Preface, xi Introduction, xiii The Biblical Record, 1 Joshua's Long Day, 5 The Shadow on the Dial, 11 The Elements as Verified 17 PART I.— Discussion. PAGB The Argument, . . . .23 Secular Corroboration, . . 25 Inception of Problem, . . 27 Reference to Moon Anomalous, 31 Real Effect of Stoppage, . 33 Soli-Lunar Cycles, . . .36 True Origin of "Time," . . 37 The Intercalated Day, . . 38 The Site Unique, The Battle Described, Without Sunset, No Sunrise A Military Commentary, The Conquest of Palestine, Corroborated by Eclipses, Verified by Equinoxes, . Shadowed on the Dial, . Proved from the Almanac, The Apologists Arraigned, The Sword of Damocles, . The True Chronology, Creation's 6,000 Years, . Joshua, Christ, Columbus, The Key to Chronology, The Week Unbroken, The End of the Age, A Significant Year, . A Solemn WAR^^NG, . Jewish Irredentalism, The Last King of the Franks, .... The Controversy of Zion, A Midnight Cry, 82 85 90 CONTENTS. PART II. — Appendices. PAGE A. The Book of Jasher, . 95 B. Casual Eclipses, ... 97 C. Earliest and Latest Eclipse, 97 I). Times AND Seasons Changed, 101 E. Biblical Cycles are all Astronomical, . . .105 PAGB F. Chronological Eras Har- monized, . . . .110 G. Astronomical Forecast (1891-2) 115 U. Caiaphas and Leo XIII, . 117 /. JuDAH Homeward Bound, . 120 PART III.— Chronological Appendices. PA6B The Chaldee Babylonian Era, Introduction, 141 Preliminary Chronological Outline, 143 Origin of " Times op the Gentiles," 155 The Chronology of Jeremiah Vindicated, 175 Preliminary Outline, .... 179 Chronological Arrangement, 187 The End op the Age, 201 The Conclusion op the Matter, ... .... 209 TABLES. PAGE The 176th Metonio Cycle, 69 A. M., A. D., B. C, A. U. C, Etc., Years Synchronized 113 Chronology op "II Assyrian Empire," 141 Hoshea's Reign Harmonized, 145 Opening Chapter op "Times op the Gentiles," 155 Chronology op Jeremiah, Opening Chapter, 179 '• " Closing Chapter, 187 The Birth-Day of Time, 205 The End op the Age, 207 General Chart of the 2,520 Years 215 ILLUSTRATIONS. The Battle op Beth Horon. Military Map, . . Frontispiece Illustration, Diagram of Astronomical Elements, . . . page 16 Editorials, 217 Miscellaneous, 227 PREFACE. Having dedicated this Volume in the spirit of Matthew xxv. 1-13, and of Daniel xii. 10, it is meet for me to preface it with equal brevity. What, therefore, I have to say may be sum- marized as follows : The Church has mourned long enough, for the World has not lamented ; it is on this ac- count that I have "piped" up a scientific tune in the Congregation, to see if "his terrestrial majesty" will warm up to the "dance" (Matt, xi. 16-17). In the meantime let it be pointedly stated that if any one shall find the clear and simple logic and arithmetic of this volume too forbidding for even an effort at its comprehension, it is but a proof i3ositive that he will also find the "Needle's Eye ' ' too narrow to admit even his own dimen- sions (Mark x. 23-27). In this study I have taken the two most doubted texts of Holy Writ as my theme, and, having shown that they agree with the calendar, square with the truth, and complement each other, I have endeavored to raise the alarm which suits the hour that is just striking upon Xll PREFACE. the Dial of the Ages (Isa. xxi. 5, 11 ; lii. 8. Jer. vi. 17 ; xxxi. 6. Ezek. iii. 17 ; xxxiii. Hab. ii. 1-4). The earnest response which has greeted the First Study of the Our Race Series, has fully de- monstrated that God has left unto himself his thousands in Israel who have not bowed their knees to Baal, and many mouths that have not kissed him, nor lent themselves unto the delu- sions of faithless doctrines (I. Kings, xix. 18). I thank them all for their numerous letters of assistance and encouragement, and submit to them that the hour has now come when we must spread our knowledge of Truth Avith one consent, and propagate the Midnight Cry ! (Luke xii. 35-40). C. A. L. T. New Haven, Conn. : Harvest Moon, Sept., 1890, A. D. V^ 0^ THE INTRODUCTION. ' ' There never was a day in whicli earnest Bible study was more necessary than the present one, nor was there ever a day in which so rich a harvest stood ready for the reaping. Most religious people are literally afraid to investigate the Bible, and well they may be if the canons of the 'Higher Criticism' are to guide their study. Most of the laity consider it to be beyond their sphere, and so far as ' Moses and the Prophets' are concerned, even the clergy almost entirely neglect them. "We readily grant that Sin, Repentance, and the Gospel of a Saviour are the vital ' ends ' of apostolic work. Nevertheless we hold that Christ and the Resurrection cannot be successfully preached in this age upon the undermined foun- dation left by the Higher Critics. It is well for them if they can hold their own souls within the fold ; we question it ; but be this as it may, it is the rest of men that are the ones whom Christ desires to save, and tliey have logic left, and can- not be savingly reached by any other means than a logical exegesis of the whole Bible, and a satisfactory explanation of its inspiration as such, upon the basis that it is ^the truth, the whole XIV INTRODUCTION. truths and nothing hut the truth.- For, not though one arose from the dead, will men believe^ unless they likewise are taught to believe im- plicitly, and are made to understand., ' Moses and the Prophets.' ' ' It is the Bible that Atheists and Infidels attack, — the Old Testament chiefly, — for they are logical, and perceive that if the foundation goes, the superstructure cannot stand, no matter how elo- quently it can be clothed in Agnostic sermons. Hence this Old Testament is our one and only bulwark of defense, and the Romance of History will make of him who reads 'Moses and the Prophets' in the light of Anglo-Saxon facts, a Gnostic indeed, and one Avho can fully show whereon he stands, and why he ' knows.' *' It will not do to preach Christ and deny Moses. It will not do to doubt the universality of the Flood, and ask men to accept a Saviour who alludes to it ! It will not do to doubt Joshua' s Long Day, with the sun and moon poised in mid- heaven while he fought, and yet stultify our hearts with hopes of a LONGER DAY when even sun and moon will not be needed I If the story of Eden and the Deluge, of Jericho and Joshua, are myths, or fables, and not literal facts, then, to the still rational mind, all that follows them is equally so, and faith, lost in those who foretold his advent, can never be savingly and logically found again in Christ and his apostles. "If, therefore, we are to resume our place INTRODUCTION. XV militantly among the noble army of those who have already testified for Jesus Christ with their lives and works, we must repudiate in toto this iniquitous school of criticism, and recapture, somehow or other, the Ararat redoubt, replace the Long Day in our scientific chronology, believe Moses rather than the Moabite stone, and the Bible rather than a sunburned brick dug up at Babylon. "As the study of prophecy was impressively recommended by the Saviour, we must study it, and do so until we understand it ; but in no wise may we dare to alter it in jot or tittle ! " We extract the foregoing from Study No. 1, of '' Our Race, Its Origin and Destiny," as a fitting introduction to the present volume — Study No. 2 — which we send out to supplement the work begun in the former. The times in which we live are rushing too rapidly to their culmination to permit of adding leaves to leaves, and smothering simple facts beneath the winter garments of verbosity. We, therefore, make no apology for the working clothes in which these notes appear, and are too anxious to see them in the hands of '' Our Race" to delay them longer in our own. If those to whom this rectified chronology shall come "can receive it," it has a momentous signi- ficance upon the "prophetic times" which yet remain, — and whose abrupt ending is now appar- ently so imminent. XVI INTRODUCTION. That, after its perusal, some at least — "the wise" — may better understand the import of "the half hour of silence" (Rev. viii. 1) which has lately so surprised "the watchers," the author is convinced, and he will be satisfied if it shall '' witness^ ^ to the rest, the certainty of what will follow soon. Yet, let it not be understood that the author pretends to be among the prophets (1 Sam. x. 11-12, xix. 24). He has no such aspirations. But he does claim all the rights and authority which pertain to all who live in these latter generations, whose duty it is to study Moses and the prophets, and is determined to give the benefit of some of his researches to others engaged in the same absorbing occupation, and so, as it were, to exchange notes with what, it is to be hoped, is a growing number of Godly men who love the same pursuit. The only foundation upon which to understand either History or Prophecy is a correct Calendar of the "Times and the Seasons," or rather tJve correct Calendar, for, from the very nature of Time there can be but one sequence to it, and that will be a sequence through which all the cycles of heaven will reverse accurately. Upon such a system we can fairly hope to work, but upon no other. And upon it we must know not only the dates at which the prophecies of Scripture were uttered, but the dates /rom which, and to which, they themselves refer, in order that we may in INTRODUCTION. XVll any sort of confidence even attempt to interpret the "sure word of prophecy" aright. The trouble heretofore has been that we have been in doubt upon each of these points, and so the valuable labors of nearly all the College of Historico -Prophetical Students have been mere ' ' approximations ' ' after all. And thus "the Church," which has waited on their efforts, has grown weary of the topic, and has almost closed the canon in despair. Hence, in re-opening the subject, we shall do so ab ovo^ and shall first endeavor to show that certain essentials hitherto neglected must be faithfully put back into Israel's chronology in order to rectify it, and thereafter we shall call attention to certain inevitable deductions which seem to be at least portentious enough to warrant a renewed appeal unto all concerned. Yet, be this as it may, or rather let it strike others as it will, it is none the less the duty of one who has come honestly by such convictions as control the present writer, and can show cause for his deductions, to give them all the publicity he can, for certainly his own conscience would not hold him guiltless did he conceal such knowl- edge from his imiDerilled fellows — he so believing them to be — and his condemnation could but be commensurate with the magnitude of the peril as he saw it. The desire to' rectify the accepted Calendar of Our Race's history, by reinstating therein its two XVlll INTRODUCTION. most doubted events, has resulted not only in a most interesting return to the mere Chronologist as such, but has enabled us to re-write two mutually corroborating chapters which commence together at the most important ' ' Era ' ' of human affairs, and run parallel to each other long enough to demonstrate their accuracy. But this "Era," from which they both start, is the all important orlgine of the ' ' Times of the Gentiles," and if its beginning is known its latter end may of course be calculated. JSTow, it is the result of this calculation which is so particularly portentious, for — according to rules which have had the unanimous consent of all Avho have ever devoted themselves to this deep subject, — the "end of the present dispensation" terminates with the century now waning, and ' ' the begin- ning of the end " dates officially with the autumnal Equinox (1890 A. D.) with which the issue of this present volume "happens" to syn- chronize ! We were not present when the "Times and Seasons ' ' were instituted, but One was to whom their ' ' sj^eech ' ' is still without confusion, and it is enough for us, who live now in ' ' these latter days," to pray that we may stand in our own "lot" when they terminate. AYlienever that may be, it agrees with faith, and with human charity, to recognize that it will have compassed the last moment of "Grace" which the Divine mind shall deem necessary, and in the meanwhile INTRODUCTION. XIX it behooves all wise men not only to be wide- awake, but also to " go forth to meet Him "—and to tarry there ^ lieticeforth^ until He comes ! It is the consensus of the truly ''Christian world" that not a "sign" butONE (2Thess. ii.)is now wanting, and the rest of the world is quite enough exercised, about they know not what, to demonstrate that "Spring '' is very close at hand. ' ' And it shall come to pass in that day, saitli the Lord God, that I loill cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day.'''' Amos mii. 9. THE BIBLICAL RECORDS, THE ELEMENTS OF THEIR MODERN VERIFICATION. " Who commandeth the sun and it riseth not; and. sealeth up the stars.'' ^ Job ix. 7. THE BIBLICAL ACCOUNT OP JOSHUA'S LONQ DAY ''The Battle of Beth Horon," remarks Dean Stanley, "is one of the most important in the history of the world ; and yet the very name of this great battle is far less known to most of us than that of Marathon or Cannae." {Diet, of Bib. art. Beth Horon ; Stanley, p. 208). ' ' Beth Horon (the House of Caverns) was the name of two villages, an upper, and a "nether" or lower (Josh. xvi. 3-5 ; Chron. vii. 24), on the steep road from Gibeon to Azekah, and the Philistine Plain, (Josh. x. 10-11, 1 Mace. iii. 24), which is still the great road of communication from the interior of the country to the sea-coast. The two Beth Horons still survive in the modern villages of Beit-ur^ el tahta and el f oha. On this same spot Judas Maccabseus won a great victory over the forces of Syria under Seron (1 Mace. iii. 13-24), and still later the Roman army under Cestius Gallus was totally cut up ( Josephus, B. 11, 19 § 8-9)." Smith's Old Test. Hist. Dr. Smith 4 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. does not seem to credit the chief event of this battle, since he says "The miracle must be under- stood as phenomenal^ namely, that the sun and moon appeared to the Israelites to stand still" (!?) Now, this is simply begging the question, and begging with it every other miracle mentioned in the Bible ! Most commentators regard the matter as a mere quotation from a poetical book called Jasher,* and, without ex- ception, so far as the author knows or can find out, the Theological library of to-day contains no volume in which the absolute integrity of the account is candidly admitted and fairly argued. The result is that this battle, so decisive from a military stand-point, and marked by so stupen- dous a Fact from the historical, chronological and astronomical points of view, has fallen entirely out of serious thought, and now-a-days serves merely as a text wherewith to point the shaft of ridicule and doubt. Indeed, upon the basis of the generally accepted ' ' poetical version ' ' of this incident, we much prefer the out-and-out position of Renan himself, as given in his "History of Israel" (q. v.), and with it, were we honestly convinced of the reliability of that method of treating the Scriptures, — we would logically go to the full extreme and reject its Divine inspiration in toto. But the wise man cannot do this ; and so, to conserve his reason, he is forced to go down into the depths of all things * Vide Appendix A. THE BIBLICAL ACCOUNT. 5 until the truth shines out — convinced that it is there, if but with patience it be sought. It is on this account that we deem it necessary to preface our study of the subject in hand by quoting at length the Biblical records of the only two alterations of ' ' Time ' ' which pretend to have had the authority of Him who instituted both it and the mechanism which records it. We shall then see what it is that our arguments and demonstrations have to deal with — an inter- polated 24 hours — and so, with the theorem fairly understood, we shall be fully equipped for our task. JOSHUA X. The Sun and Moon Stand Stii^l.. CHAPTER X. References. 1 Five kings war against Oibeon. 6 Joshua rescueth it. 10 God JigJiteth- against them wit/i hailstones. 12 The 2554 A.M. sun and moon stand still at the icord of Joshua. 16 1442b. c. The Jive kings are mured in a cam, 23 They are brought forth, 24 scornfully used, 26 and hanged. 28 Seven kings more are conquered. 43 Joshua re- turneth to Oilgal. lyrOW it came to pass, when Adoni-zedec king of •^' Jerusalem, had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it ; ''as he had done to a Ch. 6. 21. Jericho and her king, so he had done to ^ Ai and her \^\^- 22. king ; and "= how the inhabitants of Gibeon had c Ch. 9. is, made peace with Israel, and were among them : THE VOICE OF HISTORY. e Ver. 1. 1. 9. 15. 2555 A, M. 1441 B. C f Ch. 9.2. Ch. 5. 10. & 9.6. ^ E*od. 15. 14, 2 That they -^ feared greatly, because Gibeon was Deut. 11. 25. a great city, as one of the ^ royal cities, and because the kingdom! it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty. 3 Wherefore Adoni-zedec king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying, 4 Come up unto me, and help me, that we may smite Gibeon •. « for it hath made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel. 5 Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, ' gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it. 6 ^ And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua s to the camp to Gilgal, saying, Slack not thy hand from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us: for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the mountains are gathered together against us. 7 So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and ^ all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valor. 8 T[ And the Lord said unto Joshua, ^ Fear them not : for I have delivered them into thine hand ; ^ there shall not a man of them stand before thee. 9 Joshua therefore came unto them suddenly, and went up from Gilgal all night. 10 And the Lord ' discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth up "' to Beth-horon, and smote them to " Azekah, and unto Makkedah. 11 And it come to pass, as they fled from before Israel, and were in the going down to Beth-horon, Monday. Ch. 11. 6. Judg. 4. 14. k Ch. 1. 5. Tuesday. 1 Judg. 4. 15, 1 Sam. 7. 10, 13. Pa. 18. 14. Isal. 2S. 21. m Ch. 16. 3, 5. n Ch. 15. 85. THE BIBLICAL ACCOUNT. 1 " that the Lord cast down great stones from o Ps. 18. 13, u. & 77 17 heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died : isai. 30, so. liev 16 21 thei/ were more which died with hailstones than thei/ v- • • ■ whom the children of Israel slew with the sword. 12 1[ Then spake Joshua to the Lord in the day Tuesday, when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, p Sun, ^ stand thou still upon Gibeon ; and p isai. 28. 2i. thou, Moon, in the valley of i Ajalou. 2 Heb. 13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, ^««"«"'; •^ ' q Judg. 12. 12. until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. "" Is not this written in the book of r2Sam. i, i8. ^Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of 3 Or, the upright? heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day. Tues.-Wed. 14 And there was ^ no day like that before iter s See isai. 38. 8 after it, that the Lord hearkened unto the voice of a man : for * the Lord fought for Israel. *Deut!^' 30 15 ^ " And Joshua returned, and all Israel with ^^- '^^- ^■ him, unto the camp to Gilgal. A RESUME, DKXA.II»II«JO THE LEA.DING INCIDENTS OF^ THE LONG DAY. 16 But these five kings fled, and hid themselves ''^"^glf^g^- in a cave at Makkedah. " ^^^^fff ..^^^ 17 And it was told Joshua, saying. The five kings are found hid in a cave at Makkedah, 18 And Joshua said, Roll great stones upon the mouth of the cave, and set men by it for to keep them : 19 And stay ye not, &m< pursue after your enemies, and ■* smite the hindmost of them ; suffer them not 4 Heb. cut , ' ^ - off the tail. to enter into their cities : for the Lord your Grod hath delivered them into your hand. THE VOICE OF HISTORY. X Exod. 11. 7. y Pb, 107. 40. & 110. 5. & 149. 8. 9. Isai. 26. 5, 6. Mai, 4. 3. z Deut. 31. 6. 8. Ch. 1. 9. 2555 A. M. winter solstice 933,285-6. "Days of the World." aDeut. 3. 21. & 6. 19. b Ch. 8. 29. 933,287th day, Thursday. c Deut. 21, 23. Ch. 8. 29. Thursday. 20 And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were con- sumed, that the rest which remained of them entered into fenced cities. 21 And all the people returned to the camp to Joshua at Makkedah in peace : ^ none moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. 22 Then said Joshua, Open the mouth of the cave, and bring out those five kings unto me out of the cave. 23 And they did so, and brought forth those five kings unto him out of the cave, the king of Jeru- salem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon. 24 And it came to pass , when they brought out those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the captains of the men of war which went with him. Come near, >'put your feet upon the necks of these kings. And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them. 25 And Joshua said unto them, ^ Fear not, nor be dismayed, be strong and of good courage : for *thus shall the Lord do to all your enemies against whom ye fight. 26 And afterward Joshua smote them, and slew them, and hanged them on five trees : and they ^ were hanging upon the trees until the evening. 27 And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they •^took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had been hid, and laid great stones in the cave's mouth, which remain until this very day. 28 ^ And that day Joshua took Makkedah, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof he utterly destroyed, them, and all the souls that were therein : he let none remain : and he did to the king of Makkedah ^ as he did unto the king of Jericho. A SUMMARY OF THE REST OK THE CAMF'AIGN 29 Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all 2555 a. m. Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against ^**^ ^' ^" Libnah : 30 And the Lord delivered it also, and the king thereof, into the hand of Israel : and he smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein ; he let none remain in it : but did unto the king thereof as he did unto the king of Jericho. 31 ^ And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it : 32 And the Lord delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, which took it on the second day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein, according to all that he had done to Libnah. 33 ^ Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish ; and Joshua smote him and his people, until he had left him none remaining. 34 ^ And from Lachish Joshua passed unto Eglou, and all Israel with him ; and they encamped against it, and fought against it : 35 And they took it on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein he utterly destroyed that day, accord- ing to all that he had done to Lachish. 36 And Joshua went up from Eglon, and all Israel with him, unto ** Hebron ; and they fought against eSeeCh. i4. 18. .^ J to & &15. 13. it : Judg. 1. 10. 37 And they took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof, and all the cities 10 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. thereof, and all the souls that were therein ; he left none remaining, according to all that he had done to Eglon ; but destroyed it utterly, and all the souls that were therein. 38 ^ And Joshua returned, and all Israel with f SeeCh.15. 15. him. to ^Debir ; and fought against it : Judg. 1. 11. <=><=> 39 And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof ; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that 'Were therein ; he left none remaining : as he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the king thereof ; as he had done also to Libnah, and to her king. 40 ^ So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings : he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the Lord g Deut. 20. 16, God of Israel ^ commanded. 17. 41 And Joshua smote them from Kadesh-barnea hGen. 10. 19. even unto ^ Gaza, ^ and all the country of Goshen, 1 Ch. 11. 16. ^^^^ ^^^^Q Gibeon. 42 Aad all these kings and their land did Joshua k ver. 14. take at one time, ^ because the Lord God of Israel fought for Israel. 43 And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp of Gilgal. THE SHADOW XME DIAL OK AMAZ. Sharing the attention of the faithful, and equally demanding that of the merely scientific, stands the complement of Joshua's Long Day, namely, the absolute turning back of the sun in the time of Hezekiah. To reject one is to reject the other even more positively, and to accept either, logically demands the recognition of both. The latter is referred to three times in the Bible, and we quote each account at length. ISAIAH. CHAPTER XXXVIII. 3293 A. M. 1,202,744. 1 Hezekiah, having received a message of death, hy prayer hath his life lengthened. 8 The sun goetli Day of the ten degrees backward, for a sign of that j^romise. ■Wednesday. 9 His song of thanksgiving. Mo., at N * those days was Hezekiah sick unto death, a 2 Kin. 20. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came 2'cbr*. 32. 24. unto him, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord, ''3 Set thine house in order : for thou shalt die, and b 2 Sam. 17. 83. Tint livp ZUeh-give not nve. charge con- 2 Then Hezekiah turned his face toward the ^fj^*^"^**^ wall, and prayed unto the Lord, 1 12 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. 4Heb. loith great weeping. A Soil-Lunar Cycle. d Ch. 37. 35. e 2 Kin. 20. 8. &c. Ch. 7. 11. . or, with c Neh. 13. 14. 3 And said, ^ Remember now, Lord, I beseech thee, how I have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done that which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept "^sore. 4 % Then came the word of the Lord to Isaiah, saying, 5 Go, and say to Hezekiah, Thus saith the Lord, the God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears : behold, I will add unto thy days fifteen years. 6 And I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria : and ^ I will defend this city. 7 And this shall be "^ a sign unto thee from the Lord, that the Lord will do this thing that he hath spoken ; 8 Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the ^^,^^'r^imt.t^^ degrees, which is gone done in the ^ sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down. 9 ^ The writing of Hezekiah the king of Judah, when he had been sick, and was recovered of his sickness : 10 I said in the cutting ofE of my days, I shall go to the gates of the grave : I am deprived of the residue of my years. Ill said, I shall not see the Lord, eve?i the Lord, Hn the land of the living : I shall behold man no more with the inhabitants of the world. 12 ? Mine age is departed, and is removed from me as a shepherd's tent : I have cut off like a weaver my life : he will cut me off * with pining sickness : from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. 13 I reckoned till morning, that, as a lion, so will he break all my bones : from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. the sun. f P8. 27, 13. & 116. 9. g Job 7. 6. 6 Or, from the tbrum. THE BIBLICAL ACCOUNT. 13 14 Like a crane or a swallow, so did I chatter : '' I h Ch. 59. ii. did mourn as a dove : mine eyes fail idth looking up- ward : O Lord, I am oppressed : ^ undertake for me. " Or, ease me. 15 What shall I say ? he hath both spoken unto me, and himself hath done it: I shall go softly all my years ' in the bitterness of my soul. i Job 7. 11. 16 O Lord, by these things men live, and in all these things is the life of my spirit : so wilt thou recover me, and make me to live. 17 Behold, ^for peace I had great bitterness : but sor.owmy ^ » peace came ^ thou hast in love to my soul delivered it from the great bitter- pit of corruption : for thou hast cast all my sins 9 Heb. thou behind thy back. myS/rom 18 For ^the grave cannot praise thee, death can ki^feS. not celebrate thee : they that go down into the pit | gg. ii_ cannot hope for thy truth. Eccies!!* 10 19 The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day : ' the father to the children shall 1 Deut. 4. 9. make known thy truth. Ps.'ts. 3, 4. 20 The Lord loas ready to save me : therefore we will sing my songs to the stringed instruments all the days of our life in the house of the Lord. 21 For "^ Isaiali had said. Let them take a lump of m2 Kin. ao. 7. figs, and lay it for a plaister upon the boil, and he shall recover. 22 ° Hezekiah also had said. What is the sign that n 2 Kin. 20. s. I shall go up to the house of the Lord ? II. KINGS. CHAPTER XX. 1 Hezekiah, hamng received a message of death, hy prayer hath his life lengtliened. 8 The sun goeth ten degrees hackicard for a sign of that loromise. 12 Berodachhaladan sending to msit Hezekiah, because of the loonder, hath notice of his treasures. 14 Isaiah understanding thereof foretelleth the Ba- 703 b. c. hylonian captivity. 20 Manasseh succeedeth He- zekiah. 3293 A. M. 14 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. a 2 Chr. 22. 24, &c. Is. 38. 1, &c. 3 Heb. Give charge con- C' ruing thine house. 2 Sam. 17. 23. b Neb. 13. 22. c Gen. 17. 1. 1 Kin. 3. 6. 2 Heb. with a great weeping 3 Or, city. d 1 Sam. 9. 16. & 10. 1. e Ch. 19. 20. Ps. 65. 2. f Ps. 39. 12. & 56. 8. m Sabbath. g Ch. 19. 34. h Isal. 38. 21. 1 See Judg 6. 17; 37. 39. Isal. 7. 11, 14. & 38. 22. k See Isal. 7,8. Wednesday. 1 See Josh, 10. 12, 14. Isal. 38. 8. 4 Heb. degrees. TN "those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. -^ And the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz came to him, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord, ^ Set thine house in order ; for thou shalt die, and not live. 2 Then he turned his face to the wall, and prayed unto the Lord, saying, 3 I beseech thee, O Lord, ^ remember now how I have <■ walked before thee in truth and with a per- fect heart, and have done that which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept ^ sore. 4 And it came to pass, afore Isaiah was gone out into the middle ^ court, that the word of the Lord came to him, saying, 5 Turn again, and tell Hezekiah "^ the captain of my people, Thus saith the Lord, the God of David thy Father, " I have heard thy prayer, I have seen ''thy tears : behold, I will heal thee : on the '"third day thou shalt go up unto the house of the Lord. 6 And I will add unto thy days fifteen years ; and I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria ; and ? I will defend this city for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake. 7 And ^ Isaiah said. Take a lump of figs. And they took and laid it on the boil, and he recovered. 8 ^ And Hezekiah said unto Isaiah, ' What shall be the sign that the Lord will heal me, and that I shall go up into the house of the Lord the third day ? 9 And Isaiah said, ^^ This sign shalt thou have of the Lord, that the Lord will do the thing that he hath spoken : shall the shadow go forward ten de- grees, or go back ten degrees ? 10 And Hezekiah answered. It is a light thing for the shadow to go down ten degrees : nay, but let the shadow return backward ten degrees. 11 And Isaiah the prophet cried unto the Lord : and ' he brought the shadow ten degrees backward, by which it had gone do wn in the ^ dial of Ahaz. THE BIBLICAL ACCOUNT. 15 II. CHRONICLES. CHAPTEll XXXII. 3293 A. M. 24 1" «Iu those days Hezekiah was sick to the VsS.^s.^i.' ^' death, and prayed unto the Lord : and he spake , , . J I, fi -L • • ^ Or. wrought unto him, and he *" gave him a sign. a miracle for 25 But Hezekiah ^ rendered not again according to ^ p^ '.. ... the benefit done unto him ; for '^ his heart was lifted e Ch. 26. 16. up: ^therefore there was wrath upon him, and f c^ 24 is upon Judah and Jerusalem. 26 g Notwithstanding Hezekiah humbled himself g Jer. 26.18. i9. for ''the pride of his heart, both he and the iohabi- '^^^'^^^ tants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of the Lord came not upon them ^ in the days of Hezekiah. ^ ^ ^^^- ^"- ^^• Upon the basis of these four accounts of the two events, as true history, we have investigated them against the Cycles of the Heavens which still continue to score off human "times and seasons,'' and have found that they accord with these cycles, and are agreeable to Chronology. It is, therefore, next in order to i3remise our discussion by a succinct statement of the results arrived at by calculation. Zenith A Moon jrt m MOgN S MOT 6/2 2? Sun fON --^ 6/2 ± giBLlCAL pLEMENTs.i A 1 p/3± "S^^^ iS£:77/ HORON-^^^'^^ AJALON. 35° 2 ± E.G. aTsi ±N. GIBEON. 35' 10 + E.G. 31 51'± M. LOWER." UPPER." JOSHUA'S POSITION. 35° 7'i-^.G. 31° 53 T N. THE BATTLE OF BETH-HORON Relative astro-Geographical elements. APPROXIMATE. THE SITUATION "fOR ABOUT A WHOLE DAY." THE ELEMENTS VERIFIED. It is of course impossible to give any adequate idea of the scope of the calculations which have conspired to bring out the astro- chronological re- sults enumerated in this paper. The mere fig- ures are of no interest save to the verifier; and even to him the eventual results will suggest far l)etter ways of testing their accuracy than a mere going over of the tedious steps of the original and complex operation. If the results are cor- rect, they must answer every other test which can be put upon them, and it is in perfect confi- dence that they will acquit themselves in this re- spect that they are now given to the world. In the meantime, therefore, the chief point of interest to the scientific world is the explicit fix- ing of all the elements of the Beth Horon. con- junction in modern terms, and from a modern starting point, as well as in Biblical terms and from a Biblical starting point, for the sake of the few who will be equally concerned to view it thence, and so for both to give the entire com^Dass of the cycles which span human history. To recapitulate, therefore, in anticipation of our discussion : Joshua's "Long Day" actually consisted of 23)4 hours added to the 24 regular hours which marked the day of the ' ' winter sol- 18 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. stice" of the year 2555 A. M., the autumnal- eqiiinoxial beginning of which year was 3333 solar years ago, reckoning from Sunday, Sept. 22, 1889, A. D. These 47>5 hours were considered as two full days by the calendar keepers of that time, and the single day which was, therefore, intercalated by them was more than, or chrono- logically ahead of the truth by 40 minutes ; (a fact of which the Hebrews certainly seem to have preserved a careful record down to the days of Hezekiah, when, by an additional oi3eration of Divine power, the calendar was set absolutely right). The days thus covered between the sun- sets of the day in question were the 24th and 25th days of the 4th civil month of 2555 A. M., /. e., the 113th and 114th days of that calendric year, and the 91st and 92d days after the 2555th completed solar year from Creation, dating from autumnal equinox to equinox, according to the universal method of all ancient nations down to Rome. They were also the last day of the 8tli and the 1st day of the 9th lunation of the 2634th lunar year from this same epoch (Mosaic crea- tion), or the 933,285-6th days of the world's duration, being respectively Tuesday and Wed- nesday. Or, reckoning by reversed cycles from the solar- eclipsing new moon of Tuesday, June 17th, 1890, Joshua s ' ' Long Day ' ' was 3435 lunar years and 10 lunations ago {/. 6., 41,230 lunations, or from this same eclipse was 1,217,531-30 days ago). THE BIBLICAL ACCOUNT. 19 The above mentioned last eclipse of History marked the 72,834th completed lunation of the moon, or the middle of its 6070th lunar year, or fell 4>^ days short of our summer solstice of 1890 A. D. {i. e., of the 5888^ th year of solar dura- tion : or, finally, it took place upon the 2, 150, - 816th day of the world, and was the 22,862d eclipse which has occurred since the dawn of "Time."^ Finally, and in general terms, the Beth Horon conjunction was due 12-13 minutes past 11 a. m. on the first of the days identified, but, owing to the stoppage of all relative motion between ' ' the three bodies" (and for aught we know through- out the entire universe!) was delayed ''about a whole day" (23>S hours), and thus did not occur until 10.32-33 a. m. the next day, which was the Wednesday aforementioned ; /. e. , the ' ' silence ' ' or intercalation, covered a part of both Tuesday and Wednesday, and the next sunset was the be- ginning of Thursday, the 933,287th day of the world. The elements of the " Sun Dial" incident, dur- ing Hezekiah' s reign, are as follows : It occurred at the absolute instant of Autumnal Equinox, in the year of the world 3293, /. e. , at the end of Astronomical year 3293 and at the beginning of As- tronomical year 3294. The event took place practi- cally at ^'liigh noon," i. e., about 7>^ minutes be- fore 12 o' clock, as we reckon. The day was the * Vicle Appendix B. 20 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. l,202,744tli from Creation, which was Wednes- day, the 18th day of the 1st Civil month, of 3293 A, M., Ancient Hebrew Cycle. The moon, tliongh involved in this incident, could not be mentioned, because she was just short of her entrance into her 4th quarter, therefore, at that moment (^. e, absolutely), was below the eastern horizon. There were no Palestinic landmarks by which to fix her place. That she, too, reversed her orbital motion cannot be denied, for her present i^lace, (in arc), reverses through both this event and Joshua's, and strikes Creation's first hour without error. This could not have hapx)ened had she not been equally, and relatively, influenced in Hezekiah's day as well as in that of Joshua. PART I. JOSHUA'S LONG DAY, THE) DIAIv OK AHAZ. THE DISCUSSION. '-''And God said^ Let there heliglits in the firm- ament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them he for signs and for seasons^ and for days and yearsy Gen. i. 14. THE ARGUMENT. " There was no day like that, before it or after it." Josh, x, 14. The earnest seeker after Truth may enter her Temple by either one of several parallel corri- dors, which, upon examination, he will find to be joined by a sufficient number of cross pas- sages to take him anywhere throughout the edifice. Along any one of these transepts he will find corresponding treasures, no matter in what main corridor he may be loitering. To mention but few: Astronomy, Chronology, Secular and Sacred History, lead, alike, directly onward to the altar. It is immaterial which corridor we select, but it is satisfactory to compare the vistas afforded along each, and thus obtain a better comprehension of the whole building so fitly joined together. The only object of this present guide-book is to point out some few of the lateral correspondencies in the Temple, and to demon- strate that they are parts of the same plan of ar- chitecture, in that they severally reflect their counterparts on either hand. Uj)on June 21st, 1890, it was announced by the author that, as the final result of several years of close calculation, he had succeeded in identify- ing the conjunction of the sun and moon at 24 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. which, "as it is written" in the Sacred record, "Joshua's Long Day" occurred, — and that his calculations completely vindicated the Biblical Chronology. It is but natural that this announcement should have begotten a widespread comment, considera- ble misstatement, and awakened no little contro- versy and dispute ; in view of which it is deemed wise to put the whole matter into as concise a shape as may be, without resorting to transcen- dental mathematics, which the average human being must — (and does in all calendric work) — take upon faith. For instance, if almanac-makers had to sup- plement their work by an appendix giving all the figuring incidental to their finished tables, it would be a handicap sufficient to block their en- tire publication. But some will say, "the proof of the pudding is in the eating," and the safety of the modern almanac-maker consists in the fact, that the generation which uses it has con- stant demonstration of its accuracy. Very good, but the writer has almanacs and calendars in his possession extending back to the beginning of the century, almanacs of years before he was born. To him they are mere history, he cannot summon up his own experience. What then ? Why, upon the foregoing premises, he is either forced to recalculate them, somehow or other, or else to accept them upon the basis of common sense, and to assume that they must have re- THE BIBLICAL ACCOUNT. 25 corded true events, for otherwise tliey would have been repudiated by their own generation. But this brings us to the gist of the argument in favor of the two events now under considera- tion. Tliey occurred well within the days of written history, and were written down into the chronology of the days in question. They were consequently accepted in their own day, and must therefore have had foundation whereon to claim and effect an entrance into the contempo- rary history of generations who raised no voice against them, — they were admitted into their Chronology ! Secular Corroboration. The writer does not pretend to explain liow the Day in question was lengthened, but accepts it as a literal fact fully corroborated by history. The Grecian Herodotus, whom we moderns call ''The Father of History," verifies it by quoting the records shown to him by the priests while he was in Egypt. This is independent testimony, for neither the Greeks nor the Egyptians refer to the Hebrew account as the source of their own. But we may also refer to the Chinese, who pre- serve still another independent record of a simi- lar event, (no doubt the identical one), as having occurred in the reign of Yeo, who was contem230- rary with Joshua. In view of these four independent, and widely separated accounts, we must consider the event 26 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. to be indisputable, so far as its historical evi- dence is concerned ; and we maintain tliat no ''wise-iwdii^^ will say a word against the possi- bility of reducing the relative motion of the three bodies, (Earth, Sun and Moon), even to a standstill, until he really knows and can explain how that motion is produced ! No less eminent a philosopher than Newton has demonstrated how quickly the earth-motion might be slowed down, without appreciable shock to its denizens ; and while the scientist can easily illustrate it, the devout astronomer, — (and "the undevout astronomer is mad") — can as easily offer a natural method whereby the stoppage could have been brought about. For instance, any one may see, in the windows of the optician, a tiny apparatus, with four fans, which turn around with considerable speed, when exposed to the light. It is perhaps as near an approach to perpetual motion as man' s ingenuity can make. If we merely raise our hand to inter- rupt the direct action of the actinism in the sun's rays, we immediately reduce the velocity of this apparatus by about one-half. Now a cometary mass interposed between the Earth and Moon, and the Sun, in Joshua's day, might have easily cut off the actinic rays of the Sun, without affecting the light and heat rays of the spectrum at all, and so have accomplished the phenomenon. How it really was accomplished, Grod only INCEPTIOK OF PROBLEM. 27 knows ; tliat it was done, Secular History testi- fies, and Sacred History asserts, with an authority not to be apologetically ignored by any one who prays sincerely that he may be ''sealed" with sav- ing faith. It is an unfortunate sign of our times (2 Thess., ii. 3), that one who enters ux)on such a calculation as this, receives but little encouragement or re- sponse, even from quarters where he has a right to expect it, while in the scientific world at large the announcement seems to have begotten little else than disparaging discussion. Nevertheless, a sufiiciently large correspond- ence has already justified the belief that a publi- cation of the main elements is now demanded, in order that they may be verified, or overthrown, by others. The Inception of the Problem. The writer was led to make this calculation not to find out whether the account was true, but rather because he was convinced that it loas so, and that it could therefore be proved to the satisfaction of any reasonable man. And now it may be further stated, that in the course of his studies, and calculations, he has been led to see that the collateral fraction of an hour (40 minutes) required by the "turning back of the shadow upon the Dial of Ahaz," in the days of Hezekiah, also forms an integral, and 28 THE VOICE OF lilSTOKY. necessary, j)^!*^ ^^ human Chronology, and must be restored to it, in order to work the cycles of astronomy with absolute accuracy. The fact is there can be no compromise in the position of a believer in the Bible. We freely grant this to the Agnostic, as the essential sub- stance out of which the only bridge whereon we can hope to meet and draw up the preliminaries of an eternal truce, must be constructed, and we equally insist upon its employment by the Gnos- tic. That is, we fully recognize the logic of fundamental " common sense," and maintain, with all men of sound mind, that it can be fairly demanded of the Bible, that it shall square itself to its own record, when tried at the bar of the most transcendental astronomy, since by the pre- mises of creation, and inspiration, their author- ship is One. At present, however, we are only dealing with Joshua' s ' ' Long Day, ' ' and are not yet called upon to divulge when, how, where, or why, the addition of a fraction of a single hour became astronomi- cally necessary, was actually intercalated in the calendar, and was demanded in the calculations which verify the whole — all this in its proper place. The problem, whose solution was primarily undertaken, was : whether a conjunction of the Sun and Moon occurred in the celestial vicinity of Beth Horon, at midday during Joshua's life. cikcumscribed limits. 29 The Chronological Conditions. The chronological conditions imposed upon the ])roblem by the sacred record, required that this mid-heaven conjunction should have occurred during the first ^ve years of Joshua' s occupation of the land, (2553-58 A. M.), and within these years the special Geographico- Astronomical con- ditions required that, by reversing the cycles of '' the three bodies " from their ^present positions, their relative places should be such as to bring the Sun over Gibeon, and the Moon over Ajalon, within the set chronological limits. That is, the question to be settled was, whether Astronomy would corroborate History % The battle of Beth Horon must have occurred during the first five years which succeeded the "passage of the Jordan". (Friday, 10th of 7th civil month, 2553 A. M.), and which preceded the "division of the land." Caleb was 40 years old when sent out with the spies (Josh. xiv. 7), and was 85 when the land was divided (xiv. 10), Hence, the "division" was affected 5 years after their occupancy of it. For Caleb must have spent 40 of these remaining 45 years, in the wilderness with the rest of the host—/, e., from the middle of 2513 A. M.— the date of the exodus — to the middle of 2553 A. M. — that of the entrance into Palestine. The Battle of Beth Horon could not have oc- curred after the "division of the land," for long Hi) THE VOICE OF HISTORY. before that event we are expressly told (Josh. xi. 23), that "the land rested from war;*' nor, of course, could the battle have occurred he/ore the passage of the Jordan ! We are thus confined within very narrow chronological limits even before we undertake the crucial test of pure astronomy in order to find out the exact date which satisfies the rigid conditions directly imj^osed upon it by the record itself. These conditions are as explicitly fixed by the account, as if it were committed, in so many words, to a "transit of Venus,'' ui3on the Beth Horon high-noon in question. Thus : in the ac- (^ount given in the X^" chapter of Joshua, we find the sun ( s) placed upon the meridian of Gibeon (35° 10' + E. of Greenwich), which latter place (Gibeon) lies east of Beth Horon by some 64: of arc; while, at the same time, the moon (•) is located upon the meridian of Ajalon (35° 2 + E. of Greenwich), at about an equal distance of arc (6' ±), to the west of Beth Horon. The moon was therefore recorded as about 8' + west of the sun, and had the relative motion of "the three bodies" not been arrested, she would have come into conjunction (/. 6., become ^' new '') in about thirteen minutes of time. Now if the account is to maintain its integrity, — and Faith of course believes it will, while In- fidelity never investigates at all, unless it be under a predisposition to find error, — we have here a most consummate set of astro-geographico- AN ANOMALOUS REFERENCE. 81 chronological conditions, which must agree with the present positions of ''the three bodies,'' to the very last degree of accuracy. Tliat they actually fulfill these complex condi- tions, and are rigidly true to the cycles as un- rolled down to the date of the last sun- eclipsed conjunction of history (June 17, 1890), my own calculations verify to ix^*"^ ( ' ), or to 60' beyond seconds of time ! Reference to Moon Anomalous. But right here it is proper, and apropos^ to insist that the mere mention of the moon, under tlie circumstances involved at Beth Horon, is a positive and prima facie guarantee of historical accuracy in the whole account. For, as it was at midday that Joshua found himself at Beth Horon, and the moon, both by modern calculations, and by the tenor of the record, was so near to the sun (/. e., at that por- tion of her orbit where she is always invisible even at night), there is no human probability that she would have been mentioned at all had not the facts of the case both warranted it, and demanded it, as a necessity. For about 27 J hours, both preceding and following a conjunc- tion, the moon has no "pliasis," and the Bible account places her within but fifteen minutes of the sun ! Bathed in such a meridian sun-glare she would have been invisible even to the Lick Telescope, 32 THE VOICE OE HISTORY. and nothing but the veracity of the fact will ever reasonably account even for her incidental intro- duction into the record of this stupendous effort of the Solar System. But being there, and being, moreover, an es- sential and ruling element of Hebrew Calendric methods, the whole system of Sacred Terrestrial Chronology demanded that she should be in- volved in the same mandate of " silence " imposed upon the sun, under ]3enalty, if not, of throwing all the writings of Moses into unutterable con- fusion ! For these writings are strung together, historically, in terms of a Lunar calendar, pure and simple, while at the same time their Chron- ology is consummately intercalated in order to keep solar time also. Hence to have held the sun, which did not rule the Hebrew "working'' calendar, and to have suffered the orb that did so to pursue her "lost" way, would have necessi- tated an entire re-editing of the Pentateuch, or else have required all future generations to cor- rect its chronology by the use of a "constant" of the most complex mathematical character. Such a stoppage, therefore, as Joshua was led to request (Josh. x. 8.), demanded a stoppage of the moon as well as of the sun, /. ^., the earth's rotation, and the moon's orbital motion, had equally to be controlled. It is to this fact alone that we are indebted for any mention of the moon, and so her absolute place in her orbit is as posi- tively fixed by the record, as is that of the sun. A LOGICAL RESULT. 33 Avhich was, after all, the ruling* light, so far as merely Beth Horon' s battle is concerned. Real Effect of Such a Stoppage, The effect of the stoppage of all relative motion among "the three bodies" for "about a whole day," was merely to introduce a single week-day into the calendar, and this was effected by the Hebrew priests, then and there, as a separate and distinct "measure" of the duration of the stop- page itself. But, in so far as the actual measure of celestial arc is concerned, it could not, and did not, lengthen the then current year, 2,555 A. M., or lunar year ( 2634th ), by anything whatsoever. That is, they, the year, the lunation, and the ter- restrial rotation, were severally completed, when they were suffered to resume their "speech," at the very same points of the Zodiac which they would have reached had the incident not oc- curred. If the power of Jehovah had enforced this "silence" on the spheres for a whole year in- stead of for a single day, the cycles themselves would bear no evidence thereof to-day^ save only to mark, as now they do, the fact and date of the conjunction at which it was recorded to have oc- curred, — i. e., to have begun and ended, — for the logical, and astronomical, carrying out of the mandate, requires no change of relative arc meas- urements while the "silence" continued. 34 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. But accurate ' ' chronology ' ' would have borne true evidence of the fact, and of its duration, if so be it should have been as well preserved by the Priests, (who Avere the calendar keepers), as they did preserve that of the single day which is recorded to have actually occurred. For instance, a similar stoj^page of all relative motion among the three bodies in our day would be very accurately measured by the chronometers of every Observatory upon earth, and by the watches now carried by almost everybody. And undoubtedly such a stopiDage, as to its duration, would be measured and accounted for, in terms of week days, each of twenty-four hours, and be given its proper place as such in the current cal- endar. But, save in the terms of such week-day peri- ods, we would have, and coukl have, no other record of it, for the cycles, wlien resumed, would inevitably finish their respective courses at the identical points of the Zodiac they would have reached had no such relative stoppage been im- posed. Thus all astronomical record of the stop- page would be lost so soon as motion was re- sumed, unless History and Chronology should have indeiDendently kept watch of it by Geo- graphical references, and by Time, measured in some other way. I maintain therefore both logically, and astro- nomically, and also as a chronologist, that the sole question which modern astronomy has to A LOGICAL RESULT. 3;) ask of "thetliree bodies," as now moving, and duly recorded by their elements in tlie best Ephemerides and Nautical Almanacs of the day, is whether such a Conjunction^ as the record demands, is also demonstrated to have taken place at Beth Horon within the limits which are equally set forth by the account. Beyond this, the yea or nay of astronomy cannot go one single element of "arc," which is ITS only measure of ' ' time ' ' ! But right here accurate Chronology steps in, and her testimony has the casting and deciding vote, for if it shall be shown that, while the ecliptical points reached by " the bodies that rule the times and seasons" are the ones duly de- manded by astronomically recorded time, while nevertheless the points reached in the Septenary sequence of the week days (z. e.^ in the Calendar, which is the sole province of Chronology) are ahead of the astronomic ones by an amount just equal to the alleged duration of the stoppage as recorded by history, then the demonstration of the problem is complete and mathematical, and cannot be gainsaid in the least by sound reason. It is thus manifest how beautifully History, Chronology and Astronomy stand related to each other in preserving the record of human ' ' dura- tion," and how consummately they may mutually assist each other, in defying those who would be- little the accuracy of the infinite and infallible Word as '4t is written. " 36 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Soli-Lunar Cycles. But to continue ; not before nor since ' 'Josh- ua' s Long Day ' ' has there been a date which will harmonize the required relative positions of the Sun, Moon and Earth, as conditioned in the Sa- cred Record and reversed from their present rela- tive places. We are here limiting ourselves to the most transcendental accuracy, and are ignoring a nu- merous group of perpetually recurring approxi- mations which, to all common purposes, bring about a repetition of a midday conjunction at a given place after 19 ; 651 ; 5859 ; etc. years, (1 e., in one of the several soli-lunar cycles). But it is not enough to determine the least common mul- tiple of a year and a lunation, in order to obtain an accurate Soli-lunar Diurnal cycle, for the Earth's 02^72, rotation must be rigidly included in the calculation if we wish to tie the repetition geographically to the zenith of any particular place. This necessitates the reduction of a Solar day, of a Lunation in Solar days, and of a mean Solar year, to their very ultimates, say at least to v*^^ (""), the determination of the resulting least com- mon multij)le, and its reduction back to years. If any one will undertake this simple, but te- dious operation, he will find, as the writer has found, that the period required is much more than 23>^ quintillion years ! Nor short of this THE ORIGIN OF TIME. 37 stupendous Eon can the conjunction sought, or in fact any other conjunction, accurately repeat itself, at the same place, in even its simplest solar, lunar, and terrestrial time elements. With such figures in mind the search for Josh- ua's Long Day is certainly akin to hunting for a needle in the universe, — the which is manifestly so much the better in the cause of accuracy! Nevertheless there it is, and it results equally as well whether we reverse their cycles from the present positions of the three bodies, or work them forward from the soli-lunar conjunction at the instant of that autumnal equinox which marks the very first day of Adam's mundane chronology. The True Origin of Time. It is manifest that if we believed the Bible to be superlatively accurate the latter method would be the most natural one to pursue ; for, not only w^ould it pass through the Beth Horon conjunc- tion, but, by producing the cycles onward, would inevitably land us at the places where the several bodies are now found. And this in fact, as above stated, is what occurs whichever way we work the problem, and hence the logical and irresisti- ble conclusion is that the Biblical record is with- out error, and that henceforth we may assume the ' 'Mosaic Era'' as a natural astronomical ^o/;?/ d'appui in all the calculations of Chronology. When a novice has been conducted systemati- cally through the windings of a labyrinth to 38 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. its inner Sanctum^ and has been fully initiated into the principles Avhich govern the correct means of progress, it is manifest that he will ever after refer all localities therein not to some shifting point in the outlying circumference to which new paths are being constantly added, but will always start his measurements from the one fixed point which governs all the rest. But it is admitted that the novice in our illustra- tion has to be conducted^ the first time, from the outside in. And so it is natural, in the confused state of Modern Chronology, to demand of one who maintains the accuracy of the Mosaic sys- tem, that he should trace Ti is way backward to its origin, and take the initiates with him, in or- der to beget in them the confidence he has himself. It is trusted that before the present volume has been laid aside a modicum of this confidence will have been instilled into its readers, and that they will thereafter see sufficient ground whereon to think from Adam down the stream of time, instead of upwards from some accidental genera- tion of his everlasting posterity. But to return to our topic : The Intercalated Day. To be scientifically correct it may therefore be stated that the Sun and Moon were going into accurate conjunction, in the udd-heavens over Beth Horon, (as recorded in Joshua), for the 31-, THE INTERCALATED DAY. 39 604tli time (since their primeval conjunction on tlie first day of Adam' s first week of time), on tlie :24th day of the 4tli Civil, or 10th Sacred month of the Hebrew calendric year 2i555 A. M. , which day was a Tuesday at 11.13 a. m., it being the 933, 285 til day of the world reckoning from Crea- tion inclusive. Whereas, if we reverse the cycles from the latest solar-eclipsing conjunction of his- tory,^ to wit, that of Tuesday, June 17, 1890, they pass unerringly backward to that same conjunction, and make it 1,217,530 days " ago,^' but upon a Wednesday.^ at about 10.43 a. m. ! /. (?., there is inevitably "about a whole day" between the tioo results ! Now, as to these intervening 23}<3 hours. Astron- omy is dumh^ and will be dumb FOREVER, while History — in Palestine, in Greece, in China, and in Egypt — is eloquent, and Chronology, in God's Avord, "is so written ' ' that woe betide the fool who rushes in "where angels [and even devils] (Luke iv. 12-15) fear to tread." This conjunction found the sun over Gibeon, the moon over Ajalon, and Joshua, in the height of battle, at Beth Horon, exactly midway between them. That is, the sun and moon were, to the last element of " arc," in Joshua's mid-heavens! It is useless to contend against these figures, for they square with all the eclii)ses, transits, and equinoxes of Astronomy, and will land even a fair approximator at an epoch which will not * Vide Appendix C. 40 THE VOICE OF IIISTOKY. rei)eat itself for a period of years whose aggre- gate is not to be counted by the whole human race laboring steadily thereat from Adam down to the present moment. They also square themselves forward from Cre- ation, with every date mentioned in the Holy Writ, — from Genesis to Revelations, — and back- ward, from the present, with all those of secular history, running back until they meet the former, and thereafter corroborating the sequence as one and the same thing. AYho then, in the face of them, shall arrogate unto the littleness of himself, so intimate a knowledge of the essence of celestial motion, as to dare to say that Jehovah, who hath wound the cycles up of old, did not also impose upon them such conditions as to bring about the event recorded in its i^roper day i Or who shall lift up his ephemeral "speech" against the "silence" which the common Maker imposed upon their's, because, forsooth, he cannot comprehend the uni- verse from the stand-point of an earth-worm ] The Site Unique. It is at once noticeable, to an investigator of the geographical location of the places concerned in this incident, that the difference in longitude of Beth Horon and Gibeon, or of Ajalon and Beth Horon, so closely as modern Geography locates them, is equal to the autumnal "equation of time," while at the date of the conjunction itself, THE BATTLE DESCRIBED. 41 (winter solstice), there is no " equation oi time ;*' that is, at this time of the solar year, mean and apj)arent time agree ! In view of the surprising concert of Geographical, Astronomical, Histori- cal, and Chronological elements involved in this chai)ter of Sacred History, it is astonishing to the writer that the eye of Science has never before been attracted to it, and that the mind of the devout believer has not long since seen in it the very site whereon to light the decisive oifenso- defensive battle of Faith against Infidelity. Let ns now describe the events at Beth Horon in the light shed upon them by the results of this tardy calculation. Joshna crossed the Jordan on Friday, the 10th day of the 7th Civil (1st Sacred) month of the year 2553 A. M., and, without enumerating the inter- vening events, was in his permanent camp at Gilgal on Monday, the 23d day of the 4th Civil month of 2555 A. M. This was at winter so stice, and sheds light upon the wisdom of the Amorites in selecting this occasion, as the most promising one, upon which to wipe out the only native allies of the Hebrews. It also accounts for the fact of Joshua being- found quietly camping with his hosts during the stirring task which had devolved upon them. The Battle Described. It was at this juncture that the men of Gibeon sent hastily to Joshua the news 42 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. sinTounded, and besought liis immediate assist- ance. Tliere was no time to be lost, and Joshua s preparations seem to have been so quickly made as to have enabled him to leave Gilgal Avith the setting sun. The sunset of his dej)arture was of course the commencement of a day; and by calculation was on a Tuesday' s commencement, according to the original, and then universal method of keeping the calendar. So Joshua marched all that night (Josh. X. 9), and, as armies move, reached Gibeon, some 20 miles away in the south-west, probably about dawn. The night was pitch dark, for the moon was going "new," and the surprise of the Amorites seems to have been complete. The generalship of Moses and Joshua cannot be doubted, and the whole tenor of this particular account implies an adherence to strategical prin- ciples of the highest order by the latter. His first aim was to relieve Gibeon, his second to cut off retreat towards Jerusalem, and his third to drive the allies into the broken country. He Avas north-w^est of Gibeon when he started from Gilgal, but the account of their flight shows that the allies were forced to retreat along that very line ! Joshua must therefore have made a wide detour to the south-east and have actually come upon them from their own flank and rear. We doubt if many modern armies would sustain such a sur- prise with equanimity, and it was certainly too much for the Amorites. THE BATTLE DESCKIBED. 43 From the very first they were overcome with a great slaughter, which began at Gibeon, for true to the word of the Lord, which in spite of the urgency of his preparations Joshua had not failed to consult, he feared them not, knowing before- hand that they had been delivered into his hand, and that not a man of them could stand afore him (Josh. x. 8). Joshua of course fought with great odds in his favor, but certainly with no surer chances than any one may have who also has the God of Sabbaoth upon his banners. Surprised, out-flanked, reversed in fact, and so cut off from their safest base of operations — Jeru- salem, a city not wholly reduced until David's time — there was nothing left them but to seek individual safety in the wilderness. It was more than what soldiers call "panic" that dominated such a rout, for a forgotten God — the only God, and a God unknown to any but the seed of Abra- ham, — had stretched forth his arm and there was none to stay it. Thus the Lord discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter, first at Gibeon, and as they fied by the way of Beth Horon, — a place some four or five miles to the north-west, and midway between Gibeon and Ajalon, Avhich latter places were only 7 or 8 miles apart — the Lord of Hosts still pursued them, and smote them even to Azekah, and unto Makkedah. 44 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Joshua, and his hosts, in the meanwhile closely profited by this siii)ernatnral assistance, and, following the retreating enemy (v. 10), the battle was probably at its height towards 11 o'clock a. M., and waging around Beth Horon. That a severe convulsion of nature had already begun is manifest from the circumstances de- tailed in verse 11, where we learn that "it came to pass as they fled from before Isrp.el, and were going down to Beth Horon, that the Lord cast down great stones {aerolites f) from heaven upon them, unto Azekah, and they died. There were more which died with hail-stones than whom the children of Israel slew with the sword." The Long Day without Sunset and with no Sunrise ! By this time Joshua himself must have been in the vicinity of the elevated central point of the broadly extended battlefield, and the moment had arrived to announce the outcome of the pro- digy which was already in progress. The sun and moon, at this moment (11 a. m.) were absolutely in the "mid-heavens," equally distant to the east and west of Beth Horon — Joshua's own zenith — and about thirteen minutes of time apart, that is, they were, respectively, over the meridians of Gibeon, and Ajalon, to his right and left, as he pursued the enemy north- ward. THE LONG DAY. 45 The conjunction was accurately due at the l?*- 12'" 56^ 48''" 18'^ 16^ 47^' 24^'' 26^"'' 40'^ of that day, counting from its sunset beginning, say at our 13™ past 11 A. M. of Tuesday, December 2V'- It is at this juncture, therefore, that the incidents recorded in Joshua x, 12, 14, took place, and which, as we have seen, are now so circumstan- tially verified by History, Geography, Chronol- ogy, and Astronomy acting in concert. They are ' ' written ' ' as f oIIoavs : ''Then spake Joshua to the Lord, in the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the Children of Israel, and he said in the sight of all Israel, ' JSun, stand thou still upon Gib eon ; and thou moon^ in the valley of Ajalon.^ ''AND THE SUN STOOD STILL, AND THE MOON STAYED, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. "Is not this [also^] written in the book of Jasher ? " So the sun stood still IN THE MIDST OF HEAVEN, and hasted not to go down, ABOUT A WHOLE DAY. "And there was no day like THAT before it, or after it, that the Lord barkened unto the voice of a man : For the Lord fought for Israel." The Hebrew text states that the command to the Sun and Moon was ' ' Be Silent ! ' ' and that the duration of this "Silence" was about a whole day," /. e., 24 + hours. * Vide Appendix. A. 46 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. It therefore covered the remaining part of Tuesday, and ran over {iifull 24 hours) to about the corresponding hour of Wednesday, and thereafter, up to that sun-down, the remaining hours of Wednesday were comjDleted. It is now to be noticed that within the first 13 minutes which succeeded the resumption of relative motion, the delayed Conjunction must have taken j)lace, and therefore that it occurred just where our modern reversion of the cycles de- mands, i. 6., upon a Wednesday agreeing with the very sequence of the week-days now kept in our modern Calendars, and 1,217,530 days before our Tuesday, June 17th, 1890. The particular sun-dow^n which succeeded this conjunction thus marked the Hebrew origin of Thursday, the 933,287th "day of the world," and sometime during it, and the next day, Friday, Joshua in ay (?) have returned to his winter camp at Gilgal in time to rest upon tlie Sabbath, which was the 28th day of the month. Without knowing at all how the actual days of the weeJi fell into the account, there has always heretofore, been more or less controversy over verse 15 in the account of this battle, where we are told that ' ' Joshua returned and all Israel with him, into camp at Gilgal.'' A great many supj)ose that this indicates a temporary return, and that Gilgal was again left upon the receipt of news that the five kings were in a cave at Makkedah. As we have pointed out he may 31ILITARY COMMENTARY. 47 have done so, but from the military standpoint such a view is utterly untenable, and a more careful exegesis of the whole chapter bears us out in the conclusion that this was not at all the case. It is the opinion of the writer that Joshua was fortunate if his armies got back into their camp at all that winter, and at any rate that this particular Sabbath rest was spent at Makkedah, where his temporary camp was most naturally pitched during the closing hours of the ' ' Long Day ' ' under discussion. A Military Commentary. The Xth chapter of Joshua describes an entire campaign. In the first five verses we have a general account of the incidents which occasioned it, and their chronology sweeps from Israel's entrance into hither-Palestine, down to the winter when this particular campaign was undertaken. The next two verses refer to the day (Monday) on which the news reached Joshua. And, in order to allow him as many of its full 24 hours for his preparations, as the succeeding context requires, we may be sure that the messengers of the Gibeonites must have left their own city ui^on Sunday, or the first day of the week. We are here making a close, but none the less important, chronological point ; for, by the time we have reviewed this chapter, it will be thereby patent that it fairly gives us, day by day, the incidents of an entire week, concerning whose central and 48 TJIE VOICE OF HISTORY. most important day we now know all the chrono- logico-astronomical elements of " the three bodies." Joshua's preparations were finished by Mon- day's sundown termination, and leaving that night (Tuesday), the events of the battle are generally described in the next 8 verses (8-15), particular prominence being given to its chief event, — /. e., to God's manifestation of i)ower in the sight of all Israel, of her particular enemies, and in fact of all the world, since we have inde- pendent testimony thereof from secular re- cords. This closes the first sketch, as it were, and naturally ends with verse 15 as an outcome of the matter. The 12 verses which follow (16-27) contain the special details of additional circumstances, and refer, in reality, to events connected with this same Long Day. The sacred historian follows the usual method of raconteurs, who, having given the main facts, return to special points and clear them up incidentally. A reference to the map will indicate the probable routes taken by the discomfited allies. The main body was undoubtedly driven via the two Beth-Horons over the mountains of Ephraim, and down by Ajalon ; thence they sought concealment, each, in their own territory. But another column could have found a more direct gate of hope between the mountains of Ephraim and those of Judea. The troops of Jerusalem, however, with their king. MILITARY COMMENTARY. 49 were hopelessly cut off, and certainly took the Beth-Horon road ; and it is manifest that the closely pursuing Israelites would have kept them in full view as they went down the western slopes of the mountains and turned towards Makkedah in the south. The fact, too, (16) that all the kings were eventually found hiding in a cave near this latter place, would imply that they had kept together, and had accomj)anied the main column. At any rate the two columns of refugees would have ultimately crossed each other near Makkedah. Here the confusion would have been still further increased, so that there remained nothing but concealment in that land of caves, so familiar in later days to David and his out- laws. Joshua must have been in the vicinity when this place of concealment was discovered, and that the battle was still in its heat is settled by his commands recorded in verses 18 and 19. Verse 20 conducts the pursuit to its legitimate military termination, and from verse 21 we learn that Joshua himself had established his headquarters at Makkedah, probably from the time that it became of such special tactical importance. The Battle was now over, and it is likely that, as the incidents described in verses 22-27 were begun, the sun and moon took up their accus- tomed motions. There were about 7X hours remaining to the day, and as it closed (v. 27) the bodies of the dead kin2:s were taken down and 5() THE VOICE OF HISTORY. cast back into tlie cave. It was of course Thurs- day "evening" (/. e. its beginning) when this final work was completed. The night of this new day was certainly spent in much needed rest, but the latter half of its Hebrew duration (its "morning'') is plainly referred to in verse 28 as the day on which the city of Makkedah fell. The next day (Friday) was the preparation for the Sabbath, both of which latter days, in view of all the circumstances of the case, were undoubtedly spent in Cam]3 Makkedah, — and so closed this most remarkable week. Beyond this point we cannot follow the matter by dates, nor is there any necessity for so doing. The rest of the chapter merely gives the broad outline of the general campaign which followed, and which sj^read from Gibeon in the north, to Gaza, indeed, into Goshen itself, ui3on the very borders of Egypt, and thence due east to Kadesh- barnea (41). That it was continuous is shown by verse 42, and by the carefully recorded sequence between its six sieges (Makkedah, Libnah, Lach- ish, Eglon, Hebron, and Debir, to say nothing of innumerable minor cities implied in the account) and its one pitched engagement (verse 33) ; that it was relentless, and for good cause, we may be sure from verse 40, and that not until it was com- pletely finished (probably not before Spring was well advanced) did Joshua return to Gilgal, is settled by verse 43. conquest of palestine. 51 The Conquest of Palestine. Thus ended the second of Israel's campaigns for the conquest of the land upon "this side of the Jordan, ' ' nor can we refrain from pointing out the consummate generalship with which the three campaigns — that of the Center for Samaria, of the South for the Amorite country, and of the North for Galilee, — are strategically united. By passing up the eastern side of Palestine un- til opposite Jericho, the land was entered in what from the military stand-point we term its ' 'middle zone." Here the decisive battle of Jericho, and the eventually successful campaign against Ai, struck such a sudden and stunning blow against the inhabitants that for a long time the now sep- arated Northern and Southern nations hesitated to meet Joshua in open contest. The Gibeonites obtained immunity by a cunning stratagem, and en route through their territory, from the first and original Camp Gilgal (Josh. iv. 19), the host moved north to that Gilgal which is in the land of Ephraim, and which became their second and really "permanent camp." The new year 2554 A. M. had now begun, and its fall was spent in preparations for the first winter in the land. The spring of this year un- doubtedly found Joshua busily engaged in the operations around Mt. Ebal (Josh. viii. 30-35) quite near to his permanent camp. Here he 52 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. caused the great altar to be erected out of wliole stones whereon no man had ever raised a chisel, and thereafter the entire law of Moses was hewn into it. This undertaking must have consumed a good part of the rest of that year, and in view of the care with which it was done, a careful archaeo- logical examination of Mt. Ebal might repay modern research and exploration far better than the costly excavations in the ruins of Babylon. This undertaking Avas not only accomplished in the presence of all Israel, but when completed was followed by a celebrated feast, no doubt the New Year feast of 2555 A. M., at which every word that Moses had ever commanded was read in the ears of all concerned. Israel now returned to Gilgal, spent the Fall in preparation for their second winter, and at its solstice became involved in the campaign we have just examined. It is not to be understood that the Amorites, in so far as they were concerned, entered upon this undertaking without long and careful prepara- tion. From the very passage of the Jordan they had become demoralized (Josh. v. i), the fall of Jericho had vastly increased the fame of Joshua throughout all the country, (vi. 27), and the de- struction of Ai, with which the opening cam- paign ended, followed by the defection of the Gibeonites, manifestly demanded caution and we need not doubt begot it. Nevertheless, their ar- rangements, conceived from the first (ix. 1-2), at CONQUEST OF PALESTINE. 53 last took form (x. 1-5), and met the fate which we have sketched. To his military position between the northern and southern peoples of the land is no doubt due the fact that none of the former were included in this effort ; not indeed that it would have been any more successful, but none the less from every stand-point Joshua' s generalship is exalted. Joshua occujpied Palestine as Napoleon did the held of Austerlitz, and having now swept its cen- ter and south, save the city of Jerusalem, and the land of the Gibeonites, was in the most advan- tageous situation to accej)t the challenge of the northern kings. His campaign against them is described in the next chapter, xi, and was by far the most pro- longed of the three (verse 18), consuming proba- bly at least two and a half of the three remaining years, and at their termination "the land rested from war" for the remainder of his days. The land was thus conquered ' 'in detail, ' ' and from the "center outwards," nor has modern warfare any fault to find with his fundamental military principles. COREOBORATED BY EcLIPSES. But to return again to the discussion of Joshua's Long Day, and of the true chronology thence resulting. Of course, the announcement of this calculation has awakened criticism and dispute. For instance : It has been pertinently 54 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. asked, why ' ' if this line of time is now at last SO accurately defined, does not the professor make it pass through some well known date, or, better yet, string an eclipse or so upon it, so that we, who prefer to feel our way carefully backward from the present rather than boldly start out from Adam' s era of ' Paradise, ' may at least have some one of these lunation mile-stones marked with its true and intelligible elements ? Until this is satis- factorily done we shall continue to be in doubt as to whether even this new moon conjunction (to say nothing of its extra astronomical pretensions) is a 'fake' or a 'fact.' " The position taken by this correspondent is the natural, modern and scientific one and I should be certainly "in the vocative" if I could not furnish astronomical waymarks, backward from the present, so well as forward from creation's dawn, whereby to verify my work. It is as manifest to me, as it can be to a " prac- tical astronomer," that if my line of lunations is correct I should be able to identify upon it some of the eclipses of the past. This is exactly what I can do, and in fact what I have already done in order to verify my calculations to my own satis- faction, and with this result : That the line being correct it serves to identify every eclipse both of sun and moon that has ever occurred, or ever can occur so long as the solar system obeys the laws that now govern it. CORROBORATED BY ECLIPSES. 55 This is not so extraordinary a claim as it seems. All solar eclipses must occur at new- moon, and all lunar ones at full moon. There are at a maximum but 70 possible eclipses in a ' 'Team' ' or sequence of 18 years and 10 to 11 days, after which they repeat in exactly the same sequence, and so move down the ages as unerring sign-posts. These sign-posts are planted by the moon in her lunations, and if we have her line correctly, we can certainly identify not only any eclipse of His- tory, but all the rest, whether recorded or not. Now to identify a single one, recorded some years ago, is to demonstrate to a "practical astron- omer' ' that the line is right, and this I shall pro- ceed to do. Let us therefore refer to my original announce- ment, made in the New Haven Register, of June 21st, 1890, but by printers' mishap somewhat dis- arranged. The proper announcement was that 802 lunar years and 2 lunations ago, Joshua's Beth Horon conjunction was repeated, /. e., re- occurred in due mathematical relation to the zenith of the same place. As already noted, one must always speak ad- visedly as to repetitions, and with a full knowl- edge that they are merely approximations at best, and are of value to almanac makers only accord- ing to their degree. Our modern almanac makers are- generally content with accuracy to days or hours, or at most to minutes, rarely to seconds, but the universe exhausts the very ultimate. 5G THE VOICE OF HISTOllY. Now the re-conjunction to whicli I then referred, (aside from any of its merely local, or Beth Horon concomitants, to which however it was duly, and mathematically related), took place upon March 29th, 1112, A. D., and as I announced in the 'New Haven Register^ of July 2d, 1890, it was then additionally marked by a solar ecli]Dse, to-wit No. 52 of the Regular Team. There Avas no eclipse, but simply a conjunction, upon the Day of Beth Horon, but in 1112 A. D., the eclipse referred to was brought about by the fullness of otlier cycles. This eclipse of March 29, 1112 A. D. was fol- lowed the next month (April 13), by a lunar eclipse (No. 53), and at autumnal equinox of that year (September 22-3), the sun was again eclii)sed circa the first points of Libra (No. 54). This latter eclii)se was followed the next month (October 6) by another lunar eclipse (No. bb)^ and on March IS, 1113 A. D. (/. e., exactly 12 luna- tions, or one full lunar year, after the one with which we started) at the 19tli hour of the day, a full solar eclipse (No. ^^) occurred at JERUSALE:\r, and loas then and there recorded^ as will be found by consulting the records of eclipses. Beth Horon, Ajalon and Gibeon are but a few miles north-west of Jerusalem, and an eclipse which involved one would almost certainly have compassed the others. This was in the reign of Henry I. of England, and of Baldwin I. of the " Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.'' CORROBORATED BY ECLIPSES. 57 Here, then, we have tied ourselves to an eclipse which is actually recorded, and have thus verified tlie u?ier7^lng B^ccuvacj of our "line of time." Let me here state further that this latter eclipse (No. 56) will be repeated on April 16th, 1893, A. D., as a necessary resultant of the very same celestial mechanism, and may be predicted far more certainly than we can count ii]3on the future chimes of any earthly chronometer — upon that day the sun Avill set, eclij)sed, at Jerusalem. To return now to our eclipse No. 52, which we stated to have specially marked the "re- petition" of the Beth Horon conjunction of Josh- ua's day. The distance apart of these two new moons is exactly 31,604 lunations, or 2,555^ solar years, and the first one, or Joshua's, actual- ly occurred in the year 2555 A. M., at its winter solstice. But as it is fairly demanded that the trace shall be hackward from the present, rather than for- ward from an origin of time which is under dis- pute, let us take the new moon of this jjresent month, now shining, and full to-day, (Wednes- day, July 2d, 1890), which by the way is the cen- tral day of the current solar year, as we mod- erns fix it, in the A. D. system, and which may be still further anchored to the rigid facts of the solar system by noting that this ' ' fullness ' ' occurs with the sun in Apogee, and the moon in Perigee. It is thus manifest that we could not have a better, nor more remarkable lunation from which 58 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. to reverse our cycles, and feel backward to that far greater one which is the object of our studies. This modern lunation under consideration, was renewed upon June 17th, 1890; reckoning, then from it, 3,435 lunar years, and 10 lunations ago, marks the conjunction of Joshua's Long Day. In other words, the time backward is 41,230 lunations, no more and no less, and they pass through every eclipse both in history and out of history, because they start with the very last eclipse of history, to- wit: the annular one of the sun, which occurred on this very June 17, 1890, (our "starting point "),^ and pass through the group mentioned in 1112 and 1113 A. D.! In the humble oiDinion of the writer, this cal- culation has come to stay, and some day to be recognized at its full and intrinsic value, and he is confident that if he could calculate the trajec- tory of a human projectile as unerringly as he can rely on the motions of those that Jehovah has placed in the Heavens for "signs and for sea- sons,'" in so far as Adam's race is concerned, he would feel very little anxiety for America in time of foreign war even if he had to fight her battles single-handed. In the meantime it may be maintained that while the Bible needs no human bolstering to supi)ort its infinite accuracy, never- theless we are constrained to believe that the human understanding itself does need such helps as this and similar calculations, in order to * Vide Appendix C VERIFIED BY EQUINOXES. 59 force it back upon the sometime inevitable plane of implicit faith. Verified by the Equinoxes. As one among several other independent veri- fications of this calculation it is to be noted that the autumnal Equinox last year, 1889, was the 5,888^^ since creation, and that it occurred upon the 2,150,548*^ " day of the world," to- wit: upon Sunday, September 22d, 1889, as we know from the government ephemeris of that year, and which Sunday, in spite of Parliamentary enact- ments as to Greenwich mean noon, etc., did not really commence until its own modern sundown had been duly recorded by nature at the far-off eastern ' ' jpr imary meridian . ' ' The ephemeris' time of this autumnal equinox was circa 8''45°' after Gfreenwich mean noon of that modern Sunday, which is set back from the ancient origin of day by just six hours. Thus the true time was circa S"" and 45"" after the Greenwich mean sunset 'beginning of this particular Sunday, or 9'' 37"" 31', etc. after its sunset commencement at the most ancient "pri- mary meridian." Nevertheless it can come so by no possible mathematics without the interpolation, or ' 'inter- calation" of exactly 24 hours. This intercalation is demanded by the 23^ + hours ("a^o?^^ 2i whole day") which comi)ass the stoppage of relative motion upon Joshua's 60 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Tuesday- Wednesday, together with Hezekiah's 40 ^^^' or ^ of a shir/IehouT{l. e., 10° backward of sun motion), by which the calendar was finally set in absolute order. All this is proved by the simple inspection and comparison, of the two following equations : (a) ^^—^ — = 307,220 ^^^^^ 6' 9"^ 37" 31^ etc. which brings us (from the original Sunday) only to the 9*^ hour of a seventh or Sabbath day (to- wit : that of the 2,150,547*^), and {b) 5888 Y+l Josbua's J'^feJ=307,221^^«-9^37" 31 in which latter equation the 9' 37'" 3r, etc., fall lohere tliey actually came^ — as at creation, — namely, upon the requisite Sunday or a "first day of the week,^' Sept. 22, 1889. This is the dictum of the modern ephemeris, and it is tied to every chronological element in the whole solar system although the latter con- sists of more than 250 intimately interlaced cycle- making orbs not one of which can be impugned without the condemnation of all the rest. In the foregoing equations, Y is the mean-solar- year-value, and cannot now be altered 1 second plus or minus from 365' 5' 48"' 50^ 53 ' and 60' ^ Avhile as to the number of years involved, the rigid work of the " British Chronological Society" SHADOWED ON THE DIAL. 61 has demonstrated, by the verification of all the eclipses and transits, both in and out of history, that the number of years spanned from the dawn of Genesis to our September 22d, 1889, is no more, and no less, than 5,888 of mean astronom- ical duration. "^ Shadowed on the Dial of Ahaz. It is the firm conviction of the writer, fully borne out by certain conditions impressed upon the verification of these events as part of one grand entirety, that the actual duration of the stoppage of relative motion, in Joshua's day, was exactly 23>^rd hours, and that, to avoid cal- endric confusion, the High Priest, or official time- keeper naturally authorized the intercalation of a full day (24 hours) at the time of the Beth Horon occurrence : that, nevertheless, it was al- ways thereafter a matter of the most careful rec- ord that this intercalation was 40 minutes in ex- cess of the truth. This knowledge must have descended to the days of Hezekiah and Isaiah, the latter of whom, probably fully informed thereon, made double purpose in his later and equally extraordinary request that this remaining part of the missing hour might be, then and there, made up, and the Calendar thus made absolutely correct. For, while ix^^' of time have not escaped me in this verification, I can find no indication of any * Vide Appendix D. 62 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. ralenclric change as incident upon Hezekiah's re- quest. JS'evertlieless, the totality of time ])e- tween the i^rimeval autumnal conjunction in "Eden'' and the 72,S34th, which occurred on June 17tli, 1890, demands exactly 24 hours' in- terpolation or intercalation, for the tioo events. All this is also borne out by a fair and critical examination of the texts concerned; {vlde^ and compare 2 Kings xx. 1-11 ; Isa. xxxviii ; 2 Chr. xxxii. 24; and Josh. x. 13; etc., page 5). Hezekiah ascended the throne at the end of 3278 A. M., and died at the end of 3307 A. M., having reigned exactly 29 years, the last 15 being from Equinox to Equinox. The Dial incident occurred at the beginning, or autumnal Equinox of the Solar year 3293 A. M., /. e., just 15 exact Solar years before his death. Isaiah's visit to him was \x^o\\ Wednesday the 1,202,744th "day of the world.'' This was the 18th day of the 1st Civil month of 3293 A. M., and at the 18th hour thereof (or at "High Noon" reckoning from sundown), the Sun went into Autumnal Equinox. It was at this very moment, and before Isaiah left the sick King's bedside, to which he had just previously returned (2 Kings xx. 4, 5), that, at the prayer of the Proj^het, the ' ' Shadow went back" 10°, or 40 minutes, " ujion the Dial of Ahaz." The sign was thus given at once, and uj^on the actual Solar NeAv Year's day and instant, al- SHADOWED ON THE DIAL. 63 thougli from the position of the then current year upon the Calendar the event has until now been comx)letely hidden from us moderns. There is no reason to doubt that the prodigy was quickly reported to the anxious monarch, by the High Priest of the day, for this latter, as the official Calendar keeper, would at that very mo- ment have been closely watching the Shadow in the court without, and would have been so doing entirely unconscious of what was taking place at the same time beside the sick bed in the Palace, since he would, by mere virtue of his office, have been necessarily and 'personally at the Dial awaiting the New Year instant! It was at such a moment that ' ' Isaiah the prophet cried unto the Lord ; and He brought the shadow ten de- grees backward by which it had gone down in theDialof Ahaz." The significance of these closely related cir- cumstances is not to be underrated, nor should we lose sight of the fact that we are now, for the first time, sufficiently informed upon them to properly understand the rationale of what oc- curred upon this momentous day. The Equinox of the year in question was a re- markable one at Jerusalem just because it oc- curred at local high-noon. The normal advent of this particular Equinox was undoubtedly fore- known as an astronomical event, and eagerly antic- ipated by those skillful star gazers. The prepara- tions for its accurate observation were made be- ()4 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. forehand as certainly as in modern days they would have been to watch a pre-calculated ''tran- sit of Yenns/' Moreover the machinery for all this observation already existed in a most elabo- rate form. Ahaz, more than any of the kings of Jndah, had turned his attention to Sabaism or star wor- ship (2 Chron. xxviii), had erected its astrological altars throughout the city of his fathers, and he had coiDied the design of one, in particular, whose steps formed the famous Dial, from an original seen by him in Damascus, where he Avent to meet Tiglath Pileser (2 Kings xvi). This altar was placed right in the center of the Temple area ; not only therefore was it conveniently located for meridional observations, but from that area the access into the King's Palace was direct. We can thus easily picture to ourselves the two groups who were chiefly concerned in the event— the High Priest, with his attendants, carefully watching the Shadow as it moved slowly towards the Noon-mark, and the King, dying from a carbuncle in its last stages, doubt- fully listening to Isaiah as he promised him so speedy a recovery, that in three brief days he could go out and pay his vows in person at the altar. These circumstances also lend peculiar light to the "sign" the prophet then and there suggested in verification of his message. What was going on without in the Temple' s court was a matter of general information. The King, of SHADOWED ON THE DIAL. 65 course, knew it ; Isaiali knew it ; all Jerusalem knew it ; and this very fact may have suggested to Isaiah the peculiar fitness of this particular sign under the circumstances. It was already noon, and the Shadow was probably just about to fall into coincidence with the meridian. ' ' Shall the shadow go forward ten degrees, or go back ten degrees ? ' ' now asked the prophet. " And Hezekiah answered, It is an easy thing for the shadow to go down ten degrees," /. e. to pursue its course: — ''^ay, but let the shadow turn backward ten degrees.'' In the court without the intent grouj) are just about to announce the meridional coincidence, when lo, the shadow suddenly reverses its easy motion, and an unexpected and unprecedented prodigy occurs. The shadow moves suddenly and steadily backward over a large section of the dial, and stands at the 20 minute mark. Forty minutes yet to noon ! There is no doubting the evidence of one' s own senses, and chief among those who were amazed stood the High Priest himself ! The surprise and consternation of this function- ary can be judged of in a small degree by the sense of aioe with which the present discovery of this so unlooked-for accuracy, and the fitness of the several phases of the incident, must strike the modern mind ! " The third day," (2 Kings xx. 5. 8) from this Solar New Year Wednesday- noon, of course brings 66 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. US to the Sabbath Day, the 21st of that current month, and on it the now fully recovered king- most fittingly went up to "the House of the Lord ' ' to render his doubly ai)propriate thanks- giving (Isa. xxxviii. 9-22). The moon herself was equally affected upon this occasion, i. e. the stoppage, or actual rever- sion this time, was a relative one of the whole luni- terres trial system. But the moon is not mentioned in the account, because she was Just, short of her 4th Quarter (/. e. 21.94 days old), and, as it was "high noon," she was of course more than 90° away, /. e.. Just below the eastern horizon, and, there- fore, no Palestinic landmarks could be cited in her behalf. Nevertheless, as all astronomer's know, the earth and moon are so rigidly related to each other in their dominant cycle (as if a steel bar Joined their centers), that in this particular case she is as clearly implied in the ipso facto as if her actual position could have been geograph- ically fixed. It is questioned in the ndnd of the writer to which of these two stupendous events in the solar system he should accord the superior place. Perhaps the answer can never be fully satis- factory. The fact is they form the complements of each other, and have Avritten into human chronology, by their combined action, a single day, unique among all others, in that it begins and ends in the "mid-heavfus," and works from PROVED FROM THE ALMANAC. 67 its commencement to its close without a setting or a rising sun ! Proved from the Almanac. But perhaps the simplest calendric proof of the accuracy of the result of the main calculation discussed in this brochure, i. e., the verification of Joshua's Long Day, is the following, based upon the Lunar or Metonic cycle, a period of 19 tropical years, or 19 years 2 hours and 3 or 4 minutes when the same moon occurs in her 235th lunation. This period is a familiar one to all almanac makers, as well as to all who are versed in ecclesi- astical or lunar chronology. Upon it depends the age of the moon, or its ''epact,'' which will be found recorded in every good almanac. By this word ' ' epact ' ' we mean ' ' the age of the moon ' ' at the beginning of the year under consideration, and this depends upon the position of the year itself in the current Metonic cycle. Thus, in almanacs for this year (1890 A. D.) the epact is 9, which means that the moon was 9 days old on the first day of January. In other words, we are in the lOtli year of the current Metonic or soli-lunar cycle. Last year (1889 A. D.) was, therefore, a 9th year in this cycle, and its " epact'' was 28. Now, to ai)ply this cycle to the case in point, z. e., to the verification of the lunation which 68 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. marked Joshua's "Long Day," it is to be care- fully noted that the results of the calculation assert that the sun and moon were in accurate conjunction at mid-day, of the lointer solstice of 2555 A. M., I. e., their " epact ■ ' was at that time 0, or in other words a cycle was then beginning. If so, the age of the moon at the winter solstice of 5888 A. M., or the beginning of the 3334th year thereafter, as determined by the cycle, should agree with our almanacs of 1889 A. D. This is exactly the case, 3334 -f- 19 = ITSjg, /. e. , there are in 3334 years just 175 full cycles, and iV^hs of a cycle. Hence the solar year of duration, begin- ning at the winter solstice of 1889 A. D., was the 9th year of the 176th Metonic cycle from Joshua's Long Day. Therefore, the age of the moon at that time should have been as required by the following table, giving the "epact" correspond- ing to each of the several subordinate years.: — The epact is therefore 28, which will likewise be found to be the ' ' age of the moon ' ' upon the winter solstice (Dec. 21^*) of 1889. Any one may verify this by consulting a last year's Almanac or Ephemeris. But it may be proved from an almanac of the current year (1890), by noting the following which has al- ready been alluded to. The ' ' epact ' ' this year is 9, therefore the year is No. 10 in the cycle, hence last year, 1889, was the 9^^ year in the cycle, consequently its "epact," from the opposite table, was 28. But the "win- 69 THE 176th METONIC CYCLE FROM JOSHUA'S LONG DAY. A. D. Years. Age of Year in the Cycle. Corresponding Epact or Age of Moon. 1881 1 1882 2 11 22 3 14 25 1883 3 1884 4 1885 5 1886 6 1887 7 6 1888 8 17 1889 9 28 1890 ...... 10 9 1891 1892 11 20 12 . . . 1 1893 13 12 1894 ...... 1895 14 „ 23 15 4 1896 15 189*7 17 .... 26 1898 18 7 1899 19 18 . ..J 70 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. ter solstice" of our modern falls exactly one lunar year (354 days), after the beginning of the solar year January 1^*, hence the age of the moon, upon both dates, was ap- proximatel}^ the same, /. e.^ 28 days, and there- foi'e its age at winter solstice in 2555 A. M. was — i. e., the moon was new, or in conjunction. Now there is no astronomic loop-hole here, through which to escape the Q. E. D. of this result, for as the age of the moon at winter solstice of 1889 A. D., was certainly 28 days, the year of the cycle was as certainly a 9^^, and as the epact of the moon at winter solstice of the current year (1890 A. D.) is certainly 9, the year itself is a 10th year upon the Era dating from the winter solstice of 2555 A. M. And, finally, the cycle we are now in must be the 176^*" from the winter solstice which marked Joshua' s Beth Horon conjunction, because, otherwise, every eclipse of history would be thrown out of place, as is manifest by a reference to the single group which we have already identified. The fact is, the beauty and accuracy of Biblical Chronology, when rightly understood, is beyond the compass of human language. It absolutely exhausts our finite means of numerical ex- pression, and dwarfs the ken of even the sub- limest mortal intellect. To the minds of the faithful the foregoing dis- coveries and demonstrations will be welcomed with the keenest satisfaction, and, in that they THE APOLOGISTS ARRAiaNED. 71 redound unto the glory of Jehovah, they will gladly join the writer in the additional homage which they cannot but beget towards Him who is again shown by these humble efforts to be faith- ful and true forever and forever. It has thus been permitted, to this almost al- ready faithless, and certainly final, generation of the present dispensation, to thrust its hands into the wounds of time, in order that perchance they might thereby recover their integrity, and accept the literal Word of God ; yet none the less will the former generations ever be more blessed, in that they ' 'have not seen, and yet have believed." The Apologists Arraigned. And this brings us to a point where we can once again, and with the most feeling emphasis, condemn that particular and blasphemous phase of the so-called ''higher criticism," upon whose shoulders so much of the infidelity loltJiin the fold can certainly be laid. It is nothing short of scandalous to the Chris- tian Church that it has so long permitted the very highest seats among the teachers of our gen- eration, and the loftiest pulpits, to be filled by men who openly teach disbelief, which is ' ' infidel- ity," in the grandest chapters of the Bible, and who, by their continued and j)romiscuous apol- ogies to the enemy ( 2 Thess. ii ), and their abso- lutely unwarranted and frivolous analysis of the Infinite Word, seek to make it of none effect. 72 THE VOICE OF lllSTOKY. and so take all its saving power away from those who otherwise would gladly hear, and having heard, obey. It is certainly imperative, in that now it is in fact the last few moments of the dread " lialf- hour of silence ' ' which succeeds the Opening of the Seventh Seal (Eev. viii. 1), for men to break away from those who demonstrate that they have naught to sell, and hasten back unto "Moses and the ProxDhets," if perchance there may be time, yet, to replenish their lamps with oil, so soon and certainly to be sorely needed ! What the church of these starving ' ' latter days" most needs, is a pure Biblical exegesis, founded upon explicit faith in all that the Word contains. We need an honest explanation of the Bible, and it is high time to devote what little there is left unto the teachings of the Prophets. The Sword of Damocles. It is now a full generation since our public services were conducted as if an ' 'Advent ' ' were not only promised, hut was imminent. In the meantime — while we have listened to some of the "doctors" in the pulpit, as they have plumed themselves with divers and delusive theories, which not only have no power to save, but liter- ally damn the soul of the believer, in that they necessarily engender the most insidious forms of infidelity — in the meanwhile the ''time of the END ' ' has literally crept upon us unawares, — " for THE SWORD OF DAMOCLES. 73 the coming of the Lord draweth nigh," and be- hold tho Judge standeth before the door ! ' ' The whole tenor of the Scriptures points to- wards a calaclysm at the very height of what the world will consider to be the noon of prom- ise. It looks towards the very state of affairs which now surrounds us, and is in fact the ozone of the air we breathe. Born into a delusion, we are blind to the reality, and, therefore, even as predicted, we are now overtaken in the midst of Avhat we deemed to be the dawn of an eternal progress. But the Prophets have not spoken in vain, for the faithful have, to the very limit of their light, X)aid heed unto their words, while the blind, though having eyes, have dwelt among these same scenes with such utter unconcern, that now they have no ground wherein to plant a single potential blade of wheat. That the world is about to go into the most acute crisis of all history, may be gathered by any mind capable of generalizing among the diverse testimonies that surround us. Nevertheless none but "the wise" can possibly perceive the import of this truth. Take even that Epistle of James, which Luther called an "Epistle of Straw," but which a wiser man, wiser in the light of modern tendencies, can perceive to be a brick filled with straw, and there- fore bonded with endurance, and let any man, con- cerned with the problems of the day, and con- 74 TJIK VOICE OF HISTORY. vinced as to their outcome, which is clearly set forth by Paul in 2 Thessalonians Chaj^ter ii, read the fifth chapter of this straw epistle. He will see in it the same gospel, the same truth, the same inevitable catastrophy, and not until the human race shall have passed through it will he see the faintest promise of millennial prosperity. The True Chronology. But to return to our own peculiar theme. The results at which we have been ];)ermitted to arrive were only rendered possible by the previous pub- lications of the British Chronological Society, and by them in fact, was the original idea of attempt- ing this problem begotten. We therefore wish to testify in the behalf of their inestimable re- searches, and to urge upon all faithful Christians to possess themselves at once of whatever they can reach of their results. Not only, however, have we used these works very freely in our cal- culations, but we are particularly indebted to them for the basis of our chronological tables at the end of this volume. Most of the original data we have verified, and whatever we have added has but demonstrated the exactness of their system. We therefore endorse these publi- cations with as little reserve as maybe due to hu- man labors for the truth, and we assert that no arguments based upon any former hax)- hazard systems of chronology can be held to militate against our own discoveries, unless at the same THE SIXTH MILLENAKY. /O time they overthrow the system referred to, and which has now for the j)ast ten years, been fully set forth in their annual almanac entitled ''All Past Time/' When that system is shaken, the solar system must also be moved out of its ajppointed harmony, and until it is so moved, Joshua's "Long Day," and Hezekiah's lengthened shadow of the sun, which have at last been identified, will henceforth be "one day known unto the Lord" and revealed unto his people for a central and perpetual point (T appitl in Chronological Astronomy. The writer has verified this "line of time"' at all the crucial dates of history, and to the very last elements of the cycles, they work out with- out error in their progress, to our present day. Beyond this testimony, and the few brief and simple arguments hereinbefore given, we cannot go at this present without introducing the un- wieldy volume of abstruse and confusing figures incident ui)on the direct calculation. But there are a few, collateral to these, to which we must call attention efe we close. The Six Thousand Years of Creation. Joshua's Long Day, of 47>^rd hours duration, from its Tuesday to Thursday' s sunsets, was the last day in broad prophetical chronology which is to be wholly counted as Solar Time. That is, this particular "Day" marked an important era 76 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. in the world' s scriijtural history, which is now to be revealed, to-wit : Since that Day the millenaries have been "shorteiiecr' to lunar years, so that there will extend from thence 3444^+ lunar years to March 1899, A. D. The sum of the 2555^+ " long,'' or solar years, up to that day, and the 3444%-f."" ' ' shortened ' ' or lunar years, from thence to the specified equinox, is exactly 6,000: Thus some particular day near the vernal equinox of the year 1899, A. D., will accurately terminate the 6th millenary since creation. When it is borne in mind that the consensus of the faithful, in all generations, has anticipated that such a date will be frought with stuj)endous changes in the Divine method upon earth, its possible import must become apparent to all who are additionally impressed with the startling character of the days in which we live. Joshua — Christ — Columbus. Exactly 1441 solar years forward from that winter solstice, which thus marked one of the two most notable exhibitions of Jehovah' s power which the physical universe ever experienced, brings us to the winter solstice which equally marked the culminating day in the spiritual affairs of the human race, to-wit : the birth of its Saviour ; while 1441 solar years later lands us at the birth of Columbus, destined to bear the story (Christoferus) of the Hebrews to another world. THE KEY TO CHRONOLOGY. 77 If we go backward from this Long Day for an equal period, we reach a day in IS'oah's life which, were not the records swept away, the mind of faith must certainly rest satisfied was quite as pregnant with import to a world then rushing onward to destruction. All the Mosaic, and Noachic Chronology veri- fies itself — for they are one — upon the ' 'line of time" which we have found to be so fully en- dorsed by Astronomy, to the very limit of accu- racy, and the whole sequence cries aloud against those, be they fools or knaves, who would belittle them by measurements against the stature of their own littleness. The Key to CHROisroLOGY. Another remarkable fact connected with this 2555th ' 'year of the world, ' ' is, that it affords the key to the entire Hebrew soli-lunar Calendric system. They originally counted 7 lunar-years of 354 days each, equal to 2478 days, and then waited, or were ' 'silent," i. e., intercalated^ 77, or eleven full weeks of days, in order to "float" the lunar on to solar time. Thus, 2478+77=2555 days =7 Solar years, i. €., 7x365=2555 days. This was the fundamental "Cycle" or the most ancient Calendar, and squares itself against every date of the Bible down to the birthday of Heber. They could not have intercalated less than this number of days without severing the sequence of the week, which they did not dare to do. Nor 78 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. could they have intercalated more without super- erogating their Almanac, whose sole object was to keep the "generations" accurately, but at the same time in harmony with the week, the luna- tion, and the solar year. But in the course of time, which culminated around the Diluvian era certain considerations [too transcendental to be referred to here, but which are fully set forth in ' 'All Past Time' ' the organ of the British Chronological Association], led to the abandonment of this simple system for a cycle of "15 years" somewhat similar to our own of XIX years, and to our solar cycle of 28 years, but worked of course upon a lunar basis, and down to the very end of Hebrew history, which was swept into temj)orary chaos at the de- struction of Jerusalem, the two systems run har- moniously through every date enumerated in the Bible. By that time, however, other systems, notably the Roman were in vogue, with common points enough, tangential to the two, to allow of the ac- curate trace of time back to its origin, and it is through this now rectified line that History can confidently walk, accompanied by an accurate Astronomy and by a fearless science of Chro- nology. The Unbroken "Week." The fundamental fact which thus results is that in spite of all our dickerings with the Cal- endar, it is patent that the human race has never THE UNBROKEN WEEK. 79 lost the Septenary sequence of the Weel' days, and that the Sabbath of these latter times comes down to us from Adam, through the Flood, past Joshua's Long Day, by the Dial of Ahaz, and out of the Sepulchre of the Saviour, without a single lapse ! No day is missing ; no cycle calls for less ; all call for the same, and all unite in a concert of testimony not to be shaken by any ingenuity of man, or devil. Indeed, while with human j)erversity we have deliberately broken into seven pieces that prim- eval commandment whereby God sanctified the seventh day, (Gen. ii. 2), and blessed it as the chief among the seven, our very sin has conspired to keep the sequence of the week-days with a de- gree of accuracy not at all to be doubted. Dating from Babel's confusion, men have pre- ferred to elect their own sacred day, and down to the present time some Region, Race, or Religion has peculiarly charged itself with preserving the accurate sequence of its own peculiar day. Thus, the Assyrians kept Wednesday, the Persians Tuesday, the Egyptians Thursday, the Jews Sat- urday, the Greeks Monday, the Turks Friday and the Christians Sunday. The Human Race has thus kept the week and has kept it intact from the dawn of time. No chronological fact is so sure as this, and in it the certainty of God' s over- ruling i30wer is made plainly manifest. It is but another instance of the irony of ''Kismet." 80 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Now, bearing the above and most ancient cal- endric method in mind, it is not a little remarka- ble that this particular conjunction, which marks Joshua' s Long Day, and stands at the dividing of the Chronological scale, occurs at the first winter solstice of the 365th Sabbatic cycle of Human History, to wit : at that which followed the 865th Sabbatic year itself ! That is, 365 7th years, of the world' s duration, lands us at the end of 2554 A. M., which was the 2555th astronomi- cal year complete. Three months forward brings us to the winter solstice of 2555 A. M. (or of as- tronomical duration the 2556th). It was therefore during the opening years of such an auspicious cycle, and one so intimately related to their own Calendar, upon the scale of a year to a day, that Israel received the guar- antee of the Land of Promise, which is yet, ac- cording to the covenant, to be made perpetual. The End of the Age. And now it must be briefly stated, as an inevi- table concomitant of this sequence of Astronom- ic events, tied to Chronology and History by bonds which may not be sundered, that the 6000th soli-lunar year above mentioned, to wit (1899 A. D.) coincides with the 2520th full Solar year since Nabopolassar shook off the yoke of As- syria, and, by thus assuming the crown of Baby- lon, commenced the "Times of the Gentiles."^ •^ See Appendix E. THE END OF THE AGE. 81 His accession took place in the 7th Civil (1st Sacred) month of the year 3377 A. M. The ''Times of the Gentiles" therefore run out 2520 years thereafter, or in March 5897 A. M. (our A. D. 1899). This opening year of the Chaldee- Babylonian Era, 3377 A. M., was "Josiah's 13th year," and was marked by the significant "caZZ" of Jere- miah as a "Prophet to the l^ations" (Jer. i), a fact which, in spite of the author' s views recently published in the First "Study of Our Eace" (The Romance of History) struck the writer almost dumb with astonishment when subsequently it was discovered.^ Moreover, the 2513th year of this Babylonian era corresponds to the 3377th year from the Exo- dus, and a half-year onward upon each, to-wit: to 2513>^ and 3377^ respectively, repeat exactly, the famous A. M. dates of the Exodus, and accession of Nabopolassar ! f In modern A. D. style, (which, owing to the changes introduced by Pagan and Papal Rome, and by Parliament, is 1^ years ahead in its enumeration of ' ' Past Time ' ' ), this date corres- si)onds to the autumnal equinox of 1892, while the seven final years of the Babylonian era, (uni- versally believed to be those of Anti-christ !) commence at the Easter or Passover of this same * See Appendix E, and Part II, Chronological Appendix. f Vide Tabular Statement, showing the " End of the Age," page 207. 82 THE VOICE OF HISTOKY. year, (March, 1892), according to our modern reck- oning.^ A Significant Year. It is a further remarkable fact, that this 2513th year of the Babylonian era corresponds to the 5651^^ upon the modern ' ^Jewish ' ' scale which year commences upon September 15th (1st day after the Harvest moon) of the current (1890 A. D.) year {iride this year's almanacs). This number 5651 cannot be written in Hebrew without suggesting the word Jehovah ! -This is explained by the fact that the Hebrews had no hgures but employed their own letters in lieu thereof, and read them from right to left. m 1 n K Thus ) K ^ H A s^iggests ^ 5 6 5 1 n 1 n ^ HVHI 5 6 5 ^° (5 6 6 0) The zero at the right having no more value in Hebrew arithmetic than a zero at the left in ours. The first value above given is the more accurate one chronologically, it being only an arithmetical pointer, or suggestive of the "Tetragrammaton '' or ' ' incommunincable ' ' Hebrew and Masonic "word" to wit: the name of the Almighty, Je-Ho-Ya-H! Now the writer, who is a firm believer in the plenary inspiration of the Bible, according to the * Vide Appendices D and F. A SOLEMN WARNING. 83 strictest definitions of those who are called " Pre- Millennial Adventists," has been fortified in this faith by astro-chronological investigations, from whose signification he cannot escape, and he does not hesitate to affirm his conviction, as a re- sultant from the consensus of testimony only out- lined here, that the civil and sacred Hebrew years 5651-2, dating from September of tTils current year (1890) and extending, by their overlap, to March 1892, will mark an era of astounding moment, not only to ''Jews" the world over, but to such Christians as are " awake" and accept "Moses and the Prophets" literally and without the leaven of the so-called " Higher Criticism."^ A Solemn Warning. But aside from all acceptance or non-accep- tance of prophecy, these dates are ominous to the whole Human Race, and they portend events for which we are as unprepared as we are to stand before the "Judge of men" — the date of whose literal advent is trembling in its chronological concealment, and it almost seems certain must announce itself — although only hy its own Fact, before this final week of years has reached its midday and meridian of terror. It will probably be said that the Avriter has gone mad, and that his figures are mere coinci- dences, but he stands upon too firm a basis, * Vide, Appendices G and H. 84 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. founded upon the cycles themselves, and is too deeply concerned for the Race of which he is so powerless a unit, to care a straw what some may say, if so be, by any adequate and honest means, he can persuade as many as will heed, to look unto "the Rock whence they are hewn," and to set their houses and their lamx)s in order. It is to this end alone, that, guaranteed by the accuracy of the calculations which he now an- nounces, he presumes to lift his voice in such un- welcome news to the majority of men, and he would be derelict in every duty which he owes to honesty of pur]3ose, weighed against the magni- tude of its necessity, as viewed from his own con- victions, did he resist this impulse to utter a warning which in his heart he does believe is true. And this warning is to Judah in particular — in that the events with which the days now close ahead of us are pregnant, are not to be confused with the Grand return unto their land, long prom- ised in their prophets. The compact of the immediate future is to be made by ' ' many ' ' only, and with Ott^ who is to come in his oicn name I — and woe to all who make it, (Dan. x. xi. xii). It is a plain fact, to those who are still ' ' wise ' ' in their knowledge of the proj^hecies, that ' ' Judah ' ' cannot go home to Palestine with any hope of security and blessing, except she goes in company loitli and under the protection of the JEWISH IKREDENTALISM. 85 nation oi "Israel," (Ezek. xxx.vii) and in the faith and spirit of Isaiah xxvi and xliii. A compact formed with any other people, or ruler upon earth, save one clearly identified as DAVID'S literal representative, can only be in vain and must lead to a disaster unparalleled even in their own history. Nevertheless, into the temptation of just such a compact the trend of modern events is inevitably moving ; and in spite of any warnings whatso- ever, it will be made and paid for to the very last jot required by prophecy. Now the circumstances which concatenate to- wards such an event are arranging themselves in such an apparently natural order as to promise to deceive almost the very elect. To take a sin- gle instance. There is at present no apparent motion among the Jews, looking towards any sudden awakening of a long pent up and some- time latent spirit of irredentalism.^ Yet none the less, just beneath the surface every element exists, ready to spring into activity, and become world wide in its influences and results, and never were those among this scattered people in a better state of readiness for this movement. A very spark will light the conflagration. Jewish Irredentalism. Thus, in connection with the coming, or at least proposed Columbian Celebration of 1892 A. D., it * See Appendix I. 86 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. is a significant fact that its peculiar import to the Jews, as a down trodden race seems hitherto to have escajied all general notice. In 1492 A. D. the Jews were banished from Spain; later, from Portugal and France, and the event was considered by them to be quite as great a calamity as the Roman destruction of Jerusalem. Taking this into consideration, together with the pointed query whether Columbus himself was not a Jew, /. e., of Jewish parentage and extrac- tion, it is manifest that all the elements exist which are requisite to make the coming anniver- sary a most momentous one in the opening an- nals of Hebrew Irredentalism. As lately noticed in the '^JewisJt World,'' no people figure so prominently in the history of the discovery of America as the Jews. The plans and calculations for Columbus' expedition were largely the work of two Hebrew astronomers and mathematicians. Two Jews, also, were employed as interpreters by Columbus, and one of them, Luis de Torres, was the very first European to set foot in the New World I When Columbus sighted the Island of San Salvador he imagined that he was approaching a portion of the East Asiatic coast, and he sent Torres — who was en- gaged for his knowledge of Arabic — ashore to make inquiries of the natives. It was probably this Torres who was the Mad- rid Jew to whom Columbus bequeathed half a mark of silver in his will. JEWISH lEREDENTALISM. 87 Another curious fact is, that it has been seri- ously suggested, by Dr. Delitsch, we believe, that Columbus was himself a Jew, or rather of Jewish birth. The name Christopher was frequently adopted by converts, while the surname Colon was borne by a distinguished family of Jewish scholars. Christopher's brother, Diego, originally bore the name of Jacob, which sounds surprisingly like a Bhem Kadosh. Perhaps, during the jDreliminaries to the com- ing celebrations, some Jewish scholars in Italy will make inquiry into the validity of this daring suggestion, and at any rate the vast import of the coming years to Judali, as at last almost a liberated race, cannot be gainsaid, nor is it at all extravagant to think these years will witness a final effort to complete and celebrate their full emancipation. The fact is we have already entered upon a dec- ade filled with Jewish centennials, the import of which cannot but increase as they return. To refer for instance to but a single case : 100 years ago this year, the National Constituent Assembly was formed in Paris, and one of their earliest acts (1790) was to declare the Jews of Spain and Port- ugal to be Citizens of France. Thus, for 300 years, the Sephardim had been without citizen- ship in those countries, when the nation, whose Napoleon but a few years later reconvened their Grand Sanhedrim, helped them to celebrate their 88 THE VOICE OF IIISTOIIY. tri-centennial by an act of emancipation, whose own centennial we are now calling to mind ! Let him, therefore, who sees nothing significant for ' ' Judah, ' ' in the years now coming into general history, cast up his history by cycles, and by centennials, and, if he be at all a "Jew,'' he will find sufficient to amaze him. Indeed, if we read aright the still latent portents, it is to this very land of France, and to a shadowy Xaj^oleon, that they still significantly point — and yet, withal, with omii^ous significance ! The Last King of the Franks. In this connection the following words of St. Augustin, written clrca^ 400 A. D., are of pecu- liar significance, to- wit : "Quidam vero doctores nostri dicunt, quod unus ex regibus Francorum Komanum Imperium ex integro tenebit, qui in novissimo tempore erit, et ipse erit maximus et omnium regum ultimus ; qui postquam regnum siium f elicit er gubernaverit, ad ultimum lerosolymam veniet, et in monte Oliveti, sceptrum et coronam suam dej^onet ; statimque, secumdun sententiam pr?edictam apos- toli Pauli, Antichristum dicunt adfuturum." — Op. Dim Augustini, ed. Paris. 1685, t. ri. p. 244. Which being interpreted is as follows : (" Certain of our scholars assert, that a king of the Franks will j)ossess the Roman Empire re- stored ; which king will come in the last time, and will himself be the last and greatest of all THE CONTROVERSY OP^ ZION. 89 kings ; who, after having ruled with success, at the last shall go to Jerusalem, and shall lay down his sceptre and his crown on the Mount of Olives, and they add that immediately, according to the above cited prediction of the Apostle Paul, Anti- christ will appear. ' ' ) We need not refer Bible students to the numer- ous commentaries which fill the library of pro- phetic exegesis, wherein it is harmoniously agreed that out of France, in her mysterious role as the perpetuator of the Roman empire, Apollyon, the Beast of Revelations, is yet to re-arise, and who, healed of his "deadly wound," (Rev. xiii) is still to consummate his part in human history — the chapters of that history, now about to be re- vealed by Facts, reserve the privilege of being their own interpreters. The Controversy of Zion. But the most potential element in Judah's latent possibilities is that which underlies the final solution of the "Eastern Question" — to her it is purely the " Controversy of Zion;" and, no matter how it may be viewed by the rest of the world, it is impossible that Palestine shall be emptied of the "unspeakable Turk," and the fact not create a furore among the seed of Abraham. That all things have been ripening towards the speedy settlement of that question is patent to statesmen, and that Russian Statesmen, from 90 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. their own purely ex-parte interests, are bent on hastening its solution, is the most evident fact now upon the political horizon of Europe. It is the very fact that no one can tell when this ever agitated topic shall be sprung for final set- tlement, which makes its resultant possibilites so momentous, and from now on we may scrutinize the Bulletins for events wliose sequence Jtuman wisdom cannot fathom without reference to THE Scriptures. In other publications, {vide '^Yale Military Lectures'' 1890, the discussion of "the Eastern Question" in Franlx Leslie's Weelcly, of April 12, 1890, and in a complete series thereon, j)ublished in the New Haven Beg- ister of March and April, 1890), we have fairly covered this topic. But the true philosoi:>hy of the situation has been set forth best in Study No. 1 of this Series — the "Romance of History'' — now within the reach of any who are interested in obtaining information upon the broad issues in- volved. A Midnight Cry. In 1837 the Kingdom of Heaven was likened unto the ten virgins, five of whom were wise and five foolish, who took their lamps, and, in 1844, went out to meet the bridegroom, and like them, because he tarried, lo, we fell asleep ! But it is time to wake ! Reckoning from 3466 A. M., when Daniel ut- tered his remarkable prayer (chapter ix), the A MIDNIGHT CRY. 91 gloom upon the Dial is close upon its midnight MARK — so dense the darkness that it "may be felt;' Sleepers^ aioake ! There is bar el y time to trim, your lamps ! The long expected "midnight cry" is breaking on the ear ! Q3efof6 t^e Q3ri6egfoom cornet^ !" (So yt out to meet ^im ! " Ye do ERR, Not Jiuowing the Scriptures, Nor the PO WER of God /—Matt. xxii. 29 PART II. APPEXDICES ^^ Precept upon Precept: line upon Une^ line upon line ; here a little, there a little. — Isaiah, xxvi.lO. A LOST YOLUMK. 95 APPENDIX A. The Book of Jasher. I quote the following from Smith's Bible Dic- tionary : "Jasher, Book of, or, as the margin of the A. Y. gives it, ' the book of the Upright,' a record alluded to in two passages only of the 0. T. (Josh. X.13 and 2 Sam. i.l8), and consequently the subject of much dispute. That it was written in verse only may reasonably be inferred from the only specimens extant, which exhibit unmis- takable signs of metrical rhythm. Gesenius con- jectured that it was an anthology of ancient songs which acquired its name, 'the book of the just, or upright,' from being written in praise of up- right men." Thus far the Rev. Dr. Smith : Of course this book has been a subject of dispute, everything in the Bible has been, but never should have been witMn the fold. The whole tenor of this article, like so much else, written both within and without the fold, is mis- leading and unwarranted. What should we care for the mere conjectures of Pharisees in matters of faith. Take for instance that of the doctrine "that it was written in verse only.^^ To show the common sense man how unwarranted his reasons are for considering it all in poetry, let us refer to Genesis — purely a book of Hebrew prose, yet containing two distinct pieces of poetry (chap. 06 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. iv, 23, 24, and chap. xlix). Now sui3pose that Genesis liad been lost, like Deuteronomy was, and yet that other books had contained these two poems, the case would have been similar to the loss of " Jasher," and our " doctors " would have pronounced it a mere poem, and so have lent color to the teachings of the School of Dis- belief. But, again, and on tlie basis of common - sense, what if it were in poetry ? So too is more than one-third of the Bible, /. ^., the bulk of the proj)hecies from Job to Malachi inclusive ! I would to God that all that has ever been written within the church, that has savored of apology, or been tainted w^ith concession to the outside, had shriveled into SIXES as it dried, that men might know now where they stand, and what their teachings really imply. As to the book of "Jasher" they know nothing save what "is written," and it is their duty to say so plainly, or at least to maintain strictly only Avhat is "sound" lest it betray some weak one into deadly error. Finally there is nothing in the reference to " Jasher" in Joshua x to imply that his command v. 12, is even a quotation from the book of Jasher. The question, "Is this not written in the book of Jasher?" (v. 13) is a ref- erence to the book, then in existence^ by direct implication of the context ; or, at least, until the book is forthcoming our own explanation is as good as the collateral, and we warrant will suit the commonality of men far better. VARIOUS ECLIPSES. 97 APPENDIX B. Casual Eclipses. We are perfectly aware that ''casuals" in the eclipse line, may alter this number, and make it more or less. We did not have a smoked glass to our eyes when ' ' Father Time ' ' went through his j)hases — what we mean is, that since the dawn of the Mosaic era this number of normal eclipses fills the measure, nor can it be altered until that era has lasted long enough to have pointed out to us by experience the grander law of ' ' casuals, ' ' whose equation, probably, has not yet integrated once. APPENDIX C. The Earliest and the Latest Eclipse. A few points respecting this last eclipse of his- tory (Tuesday, June 17, 1890) are here in order. It was an annular eclipse of the Sun and was not visible on this (American) continent, save at the most eastern coast of Brazil. Its central line commenced on the Atlantic ocean, in Lat. 5' 8' N, and Long. 32° 30' W. Passing easterly it struck Africa near cape Yerde, thence crossed the Great Desert, struck the Mediterranean near cape Bon, crossed Asia, passing over Turkey, Persia, Afghanistan, Hindostan, and terminated in Indo-China. 2,604 years ago this same eclipse ?^' '^ 98 THE VOICE OF HISTOKY. must have pursued the same identical jjath, and been visible to Sargon at the Siege of Samaria ! It is No. 45 in the regular team, and occurs every twelfth year of the eclipse cycle, but only re- peats its last modern dates at intervals of 651 years. That it did thus repeat its modern dates in 3284 A. M., when Sargon might have seen it, is absolutely demonstrated by the fact that Ptolemy records two succeeding total lunar eclipses (No. 48 and 50) at Alexandria, and refers to them as repeating the same eclipses seen at Babylon in 3284-5 — the whole sequence is thus proved. It is on evidence such as this that students of the true chronology, which is the ''Biblical chronol- ogy," take their stand, and are unconcerned at the sneers, and inuendoes of any criticism which is founded upon a Science bound to pass away since it is merely masquerading nowadays upon false premises. Finally, as to this eclipse when in its normal route (as at its last occurrence, and in 3284 A. M.), it was absolutely central as to time and terrestrial locality, upon the Prime Meridian of the Great Pyramid (30°+ E. of G.), at 21"" 58.5' after Greenwich mean noon of Mon- day, June 16th, in north latitude 86' 40.4' or in the zenith of Lycia in Asia Minor. The interesting circumstances of the first eclipse of history (No. 1, Solar) of the regular team, have been calculated by the Premier Chron- ologist of the British Association (Mr. J. B. Dimbleby, The Shrubbery, Chatham Place, VARIOUS ECLIPSES. 99 South Hackney, Eng.) It is found to have oc- curred uix>n Friday, the 1st day of the 4th civil month of the year A. M. Its repetitions were recorded by the ancients in 3401 and 3419 A. M. (Judah's date of Cai3tivity being 3406 A. M., i. e., between the two consecutive records). Both of these eclipses occurred on Friday, upon which week-day this eclipse still repeats every 651 years, vide its re-occurrence upon Friday, Jan. 11, 1861, sunset reckoning from '^ primeval oneridian.^^ This latter repetition was 9 x 651 years from the Adamic original. Thus: date of 1'* eclipse Friday, l"day, 4'^ mo., i. e., our January). 0^ A. M. Add 651 X 9 = 5859^ (years of duration). Last repetition 5859 ^ A. M. Reduction to 1%. A. D. 5861" = 1861 A. D., Jan. 11*^ Friday. This alone is a demonstration that the se- quence of the week-days has never had a lapse, and is but a single one of many collateral "lines of time" which run back harmoniously to the Biblical chronological starting point, as unavoid- ably a Sunday, the origin of the Solar Cycle, of the common team of eclipses, of the lunations, of the equinoxes, of the diurnal cycle, and all their transcendental combiriations. It is thus clear, (whatever views we may individually hold as to the creation, or re-fabrication of the earth), that this Mosaic starting point is a scientific one 100 THE VOICE OF IIISTOKY. of the most unique order, a common cusp in all the ex23onential equations of astronomy, and of chronology which is its practical counter- part, so well as the literal origin of Scriptural History. Human existence is rigidly tied, and circumscribed between its two extremes, the an- cient one a point beyond which all is chaos, the modern one always evolving new combinations which individually and in concert rigidly reverse to the one and only origin. It is on this account that we have adopted the A. M. (Anno Mundi) years as the truly scientific ones. Finally, as an indication of the supreme im- portance of the eclipses to chronologists, we may quote the following : "Such is the precision of the periods of the eclipses, and the continued accuracy of the length of the day, that a particular eclipse (solar) is al- ways visible from the same part of the earth. The ancient records of Eclipses in Nineveh are now total in that part of Asia where Nineveh stood, the track of totality is precisely what it was nearly 3000 years ago." — J. B. Dimbley, Pre- mier Chronologist B. C. A. CHRONOLOGICAL CONFUSION. 101 APPENDIX D. Changes in the Times and Seasons. The Romans clianged the beginning of the year from September to March, and the Calendric year which preceded this change was therefore but 6 months long, i. 6., the then current A. M. year had run from September to March, when the New Era began as 1st year of Rome. In the same way when Parliament changed the beginning from March to January the year of change was but 9 months long, i. e., the current year (1752 A. D.) had run from March to January (9 months) when the new era began to count as 1753 A. D. Thus the Romans got ahead of A. M. time, in so far as their enumeration of its years are concerned, by 6 months, and Parliament by 3 months more, making a total of 9 months ahead. But there was a graver error introduced into the count by the Abbot Dionysius Exiguus who first instituted the system of dating the Calendar of Time from what he supposed to be the birth of the Saviour. This was done in 527 0. S., 4525-6 A. M., and in the system thence result- ing we call 4000 A. M. (instead of 4001) our A. D. 1, thus putting ourselves a whole year more before true time. The sum total of these three ' ' changes of the times and seasons ' ' places our count, in round year numbers, 1% years ahead of the true count. Hence to correct this 102 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. error we must always deduct 1^ years from any A. D. date. Thus, tlie Autumnal Equinox of Sept. 22, 1889 would equal, if we were right, 5889^, but as we are 1^ ahead it equals 5888 A. M., and brings us to the original ''New Year's day," and it is to be noted that, as A. M. years denote past time, this new year' s day ends 5888 years then and there scored off, and is the hegln- ning of 5889 A. M., or the 5890th year of astron- omic duration since creation — the year which terminates with* the date of this publication. On account of this confusion, which we our- selves, in our ancestors, have introduced into the Calendar, it is absolutely impossible to tabulate the Eclij)ses and other cycles in a consecutive system of modern A. D. and B. C. years. The cycles laugh them to scorn. But it is far different when we work them upon the Scientific A. M. line ! They then obey, "Day unto day uttereth speech, And niglit unto niglit sheweth knowledge. There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard. Their line is gone out through all the earth And their words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, And rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race. His going forth is from the end of heaven, And his circuit unto the ends of it; And there is nothing hid from the heat thereof." Psalm xix. It is thus manifest how greatly those err, who, basing their natural deductions upon the confu- CHRONOLOGICAL CONFUSION. 103 sion of Chronology as commonly understood, de- clare tliat ''time " is arbitrary, and that history, 13articularly Sacred history, is inextricably con- fused when measured against the Cycles. This is true when the chart that guides our ship is stamped with the vise of our human legislation. No sooner have we passed along than our wake is lost amid a chopi^ing sea. But when we cast these Jonahs overboard and move a point and three-quarters to the right, the eternal Cynosure shines on our course and is reflected forever in the phosphorescent pathway which we leave behind. Thus the Scientists and Legislators have actu- ally introduced an error of 1^ years into the Christian Era now employed. But there is a practical side to the effect of this error upon the common mind, which acts in ig- norance of it, that is worthy of a special show- ing, since it discloses a curious irony of Provi- dence, whereby the ordinary mind is enabled most accurately to arrive at the true year of the nativity. The human race has never varied its method of keeping account of its own "age." For instance, a child born upon a 25th of December is not counted ' 'one • year old' ' until it attains unto its next birthday, and thereafter, until it is at still another birthday it remains "one year old." Thus we say " he is one year old, " or " in his second year," until he reaches his third. At 104 THE VOICE OF lUSlORV. death, lioweA^er, tlie final year, i. e., the current one up to the moment of demise is always taken into account. A person, for instance, is " 39 years old," he is therefore ''in his 40th year," and in fact, at the date of this publication will be 39 years 7 months and 19 days. Hence, according to the common reckoning he w^as born in 18.51, which is close enough for our illustration of the count by years. Let us now (ignore the 1^ years error in the current era, and) consider what we call the "years of our Lord" to represent the Saviour's AGE. On the supposition of accuracy the com- mon reasoning is as follows : ''It is now autumnal equinox; the year is therefore 9 months old ; if the Saviour were still alive, i. f years 'old,' therefore, he was born 1891^ years 'ago;' the Christian era therefore commences 0, 1, 2, 3, etc., and runs down to this time, which, so far as duration is concerned, is 1891^." Now such a method of reasoning, although fal- lacious, would land the conmion intellect at the right A. M. year, to-wit : 3996 A. M. and would actually run parallel to the correct A. D. years, and synchronize with them all along the line. Or his calculations might be even ruder, and as fol- lows : "They say that 5889 A. M. ends to-day : Then our year ought to end with it, and be 1891 instead THE BIBLICAL CYCLES. 105 of 1890^. If so, the Saviour would be "1891 years old/' or at his 1892d year. Therefore sub- tracting 1892 from 5889 leaves 3997, which must be his year of birth." Or finally, if he simply subtracted 1892 from 5889 he would obtain 3997 which in reality is the year of ' ' astronomic duration ' ' that corresponds to 3996 A. M. This is patent from the fact that A. M. years consider ' '^j'a.^^ time ' ' only. Hence, when the world was ' ' 3996 years old ' ' it was " in " its 3997th year. But all of this unfortunate confusion is easily avoided by discarding at once every system ex- cept that founded on the natural and original " years of the world " (A. M.). Upon this system astronomy ' ' works ' ' forward and backw^ard with- out hitch, and corroborates sacred and secular history. Nor will the three work together upon any other system. APPENDIX E. The Biblical Cycles all Astronomical. It is fitting at this juncture to call attention to some of the beauties hidden in the years and periods familiarly employed by the prophets, and which the generality of men and some ministers account as not only of no significance, but even more, as mere inventions whose chief object is to awe the timorous into subjection to the Hier- archy. 10(3 THE VOICE OF IIISTOKY. There is not a period mentioned in the Prophets which is not an astronomic cycle of consummate use. Let us take but one, which is the source of many of the rest. A "Time'' is 360 years, and it is employed consistently by the Spirit in its predictions as to human affairs. Moses, Daniel, John, all couch momentous prophecies in terms of it, and it is most generally known to us in its maximum value "Seven Times,'' or a week of "Times," /. e., 7x360=2520. Now the first notable point with reference to this number is that it is the "least common mul- tiple " of the decimal system, i. ^., it is the small- est number which is divisible without a remainder by each of the digits. This alone shows that there was no accident in its selection. 2d. It is exactly 140 eclijDse cycles 18 years each. 3d. It is 168 Ancient Hebrew solar cycles of 15 years each. 4th. It is 360 antediluvian solar and Sunday cycles of 7 years each. 5th. It is exactly 90 modern solar cycles of 28 years each. 6th. It contains 132 Lunar or Metonic cycles, in which the ' ' epact ' ' amounts to 77 lunar years : and over and above these cycles there is a remain- der of 12 years, which raises the ' ' epact ' ' to just 75 solar years. "Now here we are confronted with another startling fact, a fact which it will puzzle the ingenuity of skeptics to account for," and a fact of vast astronoraic import. THE BIBLICAL CYCLES. 107 *^In the last chapter of Daniel the Angel intimates to the prophet in answer to his chron- ological inquiries, that while the scattering of the power of the holy people should terminate at the end of the second half of the 2520 years, yet there should be additions of 30 and 45 years be- fore the era of full blessedness would arrive (Dan. xii, 11-13). In other words, to the long period of 2520 years, Scripture adds a brief jDeriod of 75 years, and as we have just seen, astronomy does the same. The difference between 2520 true lunar and the same number of true solar years is sev- enty-live years. In other words, the 75 years added in prophecy is exactly equal to the ' ' epact ' ' of the whole ' ' seven times. " But to exhaust this subject would be to write an encyclopedia. The years of Daniel, like the Creation, the Exodus, the birth of Christ, etc., was the commencement of a common team of eclipses, his ' ' time "is 20 cycles, and his "time, times and half a time" (1260 years, or half of "7 times," i. e., half of 2520 years) is 70 cycles of 18 years, the period when a common team comes around. To mention but one other fact : 315 years, (which is a quarter of 1260, and is employed ux)on the great scale as a measure of each of the 8 working hours of proph- ecy), is itself a soli-lunar cycle- ten times more accurate than the Metonic cycle. 1260 years is itself such a cycle, after which the sun and moon return within less than half a degree to precisely the same point of the ecliptic, and that within 108 THE VOICE OE HISTORV. an hour of each other. That is, it is a soli-lunar diurnal cycle; and so is Daniel's 2300 years, and affected Avith the same slight error. Their difference, 1040 years, is such a cycle with an error of but 1 hour ! Not the least remarkable cycle hidden in the ScriiDtures is the one concealed in the date of the Saviours birth. This has now been fixed beyond all dispute as falling at the winter solstice of 3996 A. M. It now remains to point out 2. fact which the writer's own studies have revealed. 3996 = 6 X 666 ! That is, the birth of Jesus Christ, in whom we are saved, occurred at the very crisis of man's "death" inherited in Eden. We can- not begin to summarise, even briefly, the host of tangencies, all along the stream of the true chronology, which come out from the use of this period as a divisor of the years of our disease, and of our regeneration. This factor of the A. M. years is literally a "day" upon a cycle which plainly records the moral sickness unto death, of the Human race, in exactly parallel terms to those employed by physicians in discussing the septen- ary progress of bodily ailments, all of which run in parts or multiples of weeks. So too, though not now relatively remarkable, since all about the true chronology is an as- tonishment, the Saviour's birth occurred at the 1st year of the 222d eclipse cycle. In other words, 6 greater cycles (6 x 651 years) were past, and the 1st year of the 6tli shorter cycle was then THE BIBLICAL CYCLES. 109 current. No wonder, therefore, tliat the Holy Spirit has seen fit to characterize the seal of man's deadly adversary as 666 (Rev. xiii.), and has warned all men against accepting any privi- leges to "buy or sell" (17) by virtue of '^a mark" (16) which shall sx)ell and count the name of " Anti-christ " (18), under penalty thereby of sinning hopelessly (Rev. xx. 4). "Herein" verily "is wisdom," and may the strength of Him who died that we might live, be with us when we are called upon to give up what is his, rather than to live simply unto death in- deed. That we are near this final crisis in the ' ' Mystery of Iniquity ' ' should be patent even to the common mind when we refer him to the al- manac and point out the following facts : We are (Sept. 1 890) in the sixth year from the end of the current solar cycle of 28 years duration. At the end of 1895, when this current cycle termi- nates, exactly 66/3 ( = 66.666m + etc.) such cycles of 28 years, or 1866 ys solar years, take us to the Baptism of the Saviour — /. e., to the com- mencement of his ministry unto souls needing a Physician, and the studies of all who have de- voted themselves to the "Signs of his Coming" agree that it may be confidentially looked for any time from now on until then. 110 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. APPENDIX F. Chronological Eras Harmonized. '*The era of Anno Domini, commonly abbrevi- ated A. D., was invented by Dionysius Exiguus about 527 A. D. [4525-6 A. M.] It was ordered to be used by the Bishops by the Council of Chel- sea in 816 A. D. It was not generally used for several centuries. Charles III of Germany was the first monarch who added ' In the year of our Lord ' to his reign in 879 A. D." Diet, of Dates, Hayden. All of the above years except the A. M. years in brackets, are '' old style : " so is the fre- quent reference to ' ' 753 of Rome, ' ' or to the ' ' 30th year of Augustus Caesar. ' ' As already stated, we have purposely avoided all reference to the B. C. and A. D. years. There is no knot which has been so snarled as tlia,t of Chronological duration^ and the kernel of the Avhole confusion centers about the A. M. year which marked the Saviour's birth. The true date of that ISTativity was at the Avinter solstice of the year 3996 A. M., which year had a Sunday autumnal equinox; /. 6., it was 8 years earlier than Usher s common date (4004 A. M.), or 5 years before the 4th millenary commenced. This is proved by central solar eclipse No. 1, oc- curring in 3996 A. M., which was followed in due time by total lunar eclipse ISTo. 8, Jan. 18-19th, 3998, A. M. This latter eclii^se was recorded by Jo- THE saviour's BIRTH. Ill sephus, and "decides the period of birth, and the entire chronology of Jesus Clirist. According to this Jewish Historian, Herod put a priest to death on the night of this eclipse of the moon, ('That very night there was an eclipse of the moon.' Josephus, Antiquities, xvii. Chap. V. Sec. 3), after which, he being near his own death, shut up some eminent men of Judea in the hip- podrome, ordering them to be killed as soon as he died. ^ ^ He died on the 5th day after putting Antipater to death, having reigned 34 years since he procured Antigorus to be slain, and 37 years since he was declared king by the Romans. Consequently this eclipse must have taken place when our Lord was about 2 years old, as Matthew ii, 16, informs us. "^ ^ This too explains the phraseology of St. Matthew con- cerning the slaying of the children in Bethlehem 'two years old and under, according to the time,' ^ ^ for when this eclipse occurred our Lord was two years old according to Solar time, and under two years by Hebrew time." Vide, "All Past Time." To close this part of the discussion, and fur- nish students a chart whereby they can hereafter translate the several systems now in vogue into the correct A. M. years, we submit the accom- panying Harmony. Without such a diagram, a pilot himself could not steer the craft of History through the reefs which now abound in Modern Libraries. 112 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. An examination of the table will show two general subdivisions, to wit : true and erroneous systems. Under the latter we classify the years of Rome because they commence in March in- stead of at autumnal equinox, whereby (as shown above, mde Ap^jendix D) an error of 6 months was introduced into the enumeration of "Past Time," in the year 3246 A. M. U23on the same j)rinciple the Julian Period is also erroneous, since it was only invented lately by Scaliger, in order to remove ambiguities in the common Anno Domini years, and because, while fully accomplishing its object, it necessa- rily runs with those years, and therefore inherits their own error of 1^ years overplus. As a chronological scale or period, it consists of 7,980 years, and is formed by multiplying to- gether the number of years in the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 X 19 x 15 X = 7980). It is reckoned from 4713 — 14 B. C. (common), when the first years of these several subordinate cycles of our calendar would have coincided, (/. €., 713 years before Creation !) The Julian Period would thus have 'begun its year, lunation and in- diction, upon a Tuesday (!) instead of a Sunday (Gen. i, 4), which Tuesday reckoning from Tues- day, June 17, 1890, was 2,411,536 days ago, or 344,505 weeks -f 1 day, which latter day was the Tuesday origin specified. Upon this same scale (J. P.) the conjunction of Joshua's Long Day was upon Wednesday the THE BIRTH OF JESUS. "THE CHRIST." a-he 26th of the 3rd civil Month, 3996 A. M., i. e., of the IXth Sacred Month. In the " Kvenins " of the Sabbath Day. rpon our PriJay Niijht, December 25th, 750 a.u.c. THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF CHRONOLOGY HARMONIZED. THE EKRONEOUS SYSTEMS. THE TRUE SYSTEMS. O " Common." A. D. B. C. Julian A. U.C. The A.N. B.N. A.M. Years Astro. 1 Years Years by REFERENCES AND 1 n Consult 'Period.' Roman Years Years 'Past 'Dura- Millen REMARKS. i^ The A. V.Bible. Era. Time' tion.' aries. 11-10 4708-4 743-41 6 3990 3991 3990 13 10- 9 4-5744-5| 5 3991 2 1 12 9- 8 5-6 745-6 4 3992 3 2 11 8- 7 6-7 1 746-7 3 3993 4 3 10 7- 6 7-8747-8 2 3994 5 4! 9 6- 5 . 8-91748-9 0^ |J 3995 6 5 Luke 1.6. 8 5- 4 9-0 1 749-0 3996 7 6 -'-i-^^- 01- 7 4- 3 4710-1] 750-1 1 3997 8' 7, Matt. ii. 1-15. G 3- 2 1-2; 751-2 2 3998 9 8 n.16.18. •»• 1 5 0- 1 4 1-2 2- 1 2-3,752-3 1- Oi 3-41753-4 3 4 3999 4000 O' 999 ii- 19- 23. This, 7:,3 a.u.c, . 400l'4000| '^t'-^Oth year of Augustus Csar. 3 2-3 4-5J754-5 5 4001 2' 1 • 20. 2 3- 4 5-6| 755-6 6 4002 3 2 ] 4- 5 6-7 1 756-7 7 4003 4 3 5- 6 7-8 757-8 8 4004 5 4 ^ 7 8-91758-9! 9 4005 6 5 7- 8 9-0 759-0 10 4006 7 6 8- 9 4720-1 760-1 11 4007 8 7 j 9-10 1-2 761-2 12 4008 9 8 Luke ii. -12-52. The Saviour twelve 10-11 2-3 762-3 13 4009 9 years . 11-12 3-4 763-4 14 4010 4011 10 1 12-13 4-5 764-5 15 4011 2 H 13-14 5-6 765-6 16 4012 3 12 14-15 6-7 766-7 17 4013 4 13 1 15-6 7-8 767-8 18 4014 5 14 1 16-17 8-9i 768-91 19 4015 6 15 1 17-18 9-0 769-0 20 4016 7 16 18-19 4730-1 770-1 21 4017 8 17 19-20 1-2 771-2 22 4018 9 18 20-21 2-3 772-3 23 4019 19 ■^ 21-22 3-4 773-4 24 4020 4021 20 122-23 4-5 774-5 25 4021 2 21 23-24 5-61775-6 26 4022 3 22 124-25 6-7 776-7 27 4023 4 23 1 25-26 7-8 777-8 28 4024 5 24 126-27 8-9 778-9 29 4025 6 25 Luke iii. 1, Mark i. ii. j 1 27-28 9-0 779-0 30 A 4026 7 26 Mark i. 12-13, Luke iv 1-13, iii. 38. 1 1 28-29 4740-1780-1 31 3'< 4027 8, 27Jolmv.l. 29-30 1-2781-2 32 Y 4028 9| 28 1.4. 1 30-31 2-3,782-3 33 T 1029 29 xiii. 1. Crucifixion. 1 131-32 3-4:783-4i 34 4030 4031 30 These 35 4031 2' 31 years And these to its 36 4032 31 32 tinue down t" our 1890 corres- ponding 6603, &c. 37 38 4033 4034 4' 33 5 34 Acts ix. 23. 1 A. D. J. P. 39 |4035 6 35 xi. 25. 114 THE VOICE OF HISTOKY. 1,194,006th day, L e., 178,932 weeks + 6 days be- fore June ITth, 1890. The inaccuracy of the ''common" B. C. and A. D. years will be apparent by consulting the references in an annotated Bible (Authorized Version). For instance, opposite to Luke ii. 1, 7, 34, in a Reference Bible, it will be found sta- ted that the Saviour was born "the fifth year before the accepted account called Anno Dom- ini." Passing now across the 7th line of the Table, where this 5th year occurs under the "common" B. C. system, to the true systems, their superi- ority will be at once apparent. The year of the world (A. M.) was 3996, which is of course the correct one from which to calculate years hffore and after "the Nativity." (B. N, and A. N.) However, it cannot but be far clearer that the direct sequence of the A. M. years them- selves affords us the safest and most natural skeleton upon which to string the actual events of human history, since not only do we have to translate every other scale into them, but chiefly because, as we hope to show in future publica- tions, every date in the Bible at once yields up its secret when measured thereupon. ASTRONOMICAL FORECAST. 115 APPENDIX G. Notable Astronomical Events of 1891-2 A.D. In addition to the considerations already enu- merated in this paper the years 1891-2 will be of remarkable astronomic import because of four notable events which are then due. The first will be a transit of Mercury circa May 9th, 1891, agreeing with a corresponding one which occurred in the year 1 A. M. , and was repeated in the year 3 A. D. At the moment (llh. 55m. 29.3s. Green- wich mean time), of exterior contact of ingress^ the Sun will be in the zenith of 179' 48' longitude west of GreeuAvich, and of IT 36' north latitude ; and at the moment (16h. 52m. 45.7s.), of exterior contact of egress, the Sun will be in the zenith of longitude 105' 53' east of Greenwich, and of lati- tude 17° 39' north. The transit over the sun's disk will be partly visible at Washington, D. C, and visible throughout the western portion of North and South America. These transits are of peculiar value to Chronology while those of Ve- nus are more particularly related to the determi- nation of solar distances. There will be but one other transit this century, to wit, one of Mercury upon Nov. 9-10, 1894 A. D. The second and third astronomical events of importance in 1891 A. D. will be two total eclipses of the moon, in May (23d) and November (15th) respectively, and Avhich are of peculiar in- 116 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. terest because they are repetitions of the same ones (J^o. 48 and 50) which were seen by Ptolemj^ at Alexandria, and duly mentioned in his Al- magesi. But these eclipses are of still greater import in relation to ''the Times of the Gentiles/' since, as Ptolemy correctly informs ns, they were seen at Babylon in the years 8284-5 A. M., and, conse- quently, at the siege of Samaria ! Finally the fourth, and by far the most im- portant astronomical event, will be the re-appear- ance of the most splendid celestial body ever re- corded, the variable star in the Constellation of Cassiopea! It was seen by Loviticus in 945 A. D., again by Jean in 1264 A. D., and linally by Tycho Brahe in 1572 A. D. It is believed to re- appear in alternate X3eriods of 308 and 319 years, and consequently may be looked for in the Fall of 1891 or Spring of 1892, when in the course of a few weeks it will become brighter than the planet Jupiter. Tycho Brahe, who was one of the most eminent astronomers of his day, describes the appearance of this star in 1572 as very sudden. He says that on returning home on the evening of Nov. 11, 1572, he was surprised to find a group of country people gazing at a star, which he was sure did not exist half an hour previously. It Avas then as bright as Sirius, which is the largest star in the heavens, and could be seen during the day. It continued to increase in brightness until it CAIAPHAS AND LEO XIII. 117 surpassed the planet Jupiter ! Its briglitness be- gan to diminisli in December, and so continued to diminisli until in Marcli, 1574, when it wholly disax)peared. It had no sensible motion, nor any parallax, and therefore must have been far more distant than the j^l^ii*^^ Neptune. Its light, which was at first white, changed as it decreased to yellowish, then to ruddy, and finally to a livid white. APPENDIX H. Is THE Bishop or Rome a Pkophet? Anent the cry which, in solemn and sober earn- est, we are raising in this volume, we submit the folloAving significant editorial from the ^'Los An- geles Churchman^ ^ of July, 1890: * 'Apropos of the opinions which we quoted in our last issue on ' The Signs of the Times,' we clip the following from the Los Angeles Times of re- cent date • The Pope has a Presentiment of Coming Evils. Dublin, June 13. — [By Cable and Associated Press.] The Irisli Catholic states that the Pope in replying to the congratulations of visitors at the Vatican, expressed himself as strongly of the belief that a great punishment was impending on society for its disregard of and indifference to the church. 118 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. ''The Lord," he said, "will come no longer with a sweet, peaceful face, but with an angry one to strike and purif 3^ His cliurch. I am neither a prophet nor the son of a prophet, but I feel in my heart a sorrowful presentiment. A sea of evil is about to beat against the rock on which the church is founded, and will leave nothing to be seen on the horizon but the threat of the anger of God. Prayer will not suffice to appease the Almighty." "The profane may say the opinion of the Pope is nothing more than the fretful complaint of a disappointed old man because the world no longer does homage to the Holy See. Perhaps it is no more, but one opinion is as good as another, and others, not profane, who reverence sacred offices and functions, may recall the sayings of one who sat in the High Priest's office while Jesus of Nazareth lived. 'Ye know nothing at all, nor consider that it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not.' "Then the divine record goes on to say : ' This spake he not of himself, but being High Priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation, and not for that nation only, but that he should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad.' "H God recognized the office which Caiaphas held, and employed him as a true prophet, He •ma V surely recognize that which Leo XIII holds, JUDAH HOMEWARD BOUND. 119 who is a much better man than Caiaphas was. Whatever opinion we may hold of the claims of the papacy, the fact is undeniable that he is the lawful Bishop of E-ome, an apostolic diocese, and a city which for 2000 years or more held the world's fortunes in the hollow of its hand. " Leo speaks from his heart, as Caiaphas did, but in a much kinder spirit, and whether he does not, as Caiaphas did, echo the voice of God, is for the future to determine. Certain it is that no man living to-day exercises a wider influence throughout the world than the Bishop of Rome, whatever they may think of his infallibility, and since his adherents have tied themselves up to that opinion they may be held responsible for these heart-breathing presentiments of an aged man, who confesses that he speaks not ex-cathe- dra^ but from that inner consciousness where the Lord alone sits in the temple of the heart. "If this report, as cabled, be true, it is very significant." APPENDIX I. JuDAH Homeward Bound. Postscript. — It should be manifest, from the character of the tables and calculations in this volume, that they must have been the result of years of close application, and that our conclu- 120 THE VOICE OF HISTORY, sions could not have been evolved during the past few weeks which covered their publication. At the time, early in June, when this nianuscrii3t was put into permanent shape, the remark made in the body of the work that ' ' There is at pres- ent no apparent motion among the Jews looking towards any sudden awakening of a long pent uj) and sometime latent spirit of irredentalism ' ' (page 85) was literally true. But now (August 1890) even before we have completed our proof- reading of the pages which all along we have in- tentionally designed to synchronize with the Au- tumnal Equinox of 1890, a few weeks hence — the whole as]pect of the Jewish situation has sud- denly changed, or rather has given positive prom- ise of the certainly coming change! We have scarcely time to sketch the altered outlook in a brief and final appendix. In the midst of press work we received the following letter, and its perusal will recall to others the suddenness with which the threatened enforcement of the Russian Anti- Jewish Edict of 1882,— the which had slum-, bered so long as to become almost forgotten — has burst upon the world. New Haven, Conn. August 8tli, 1890. LIEUT. C. A. L. TOTTEN— Dear Sir: In this same mail I send you a copy of the " National Tribune," containing an article on the coming exodus of the Jews from Russia, which I thought would be of interest to you in view of the fact tliat, when I called on you in last June, you told me to watch for movements in the Jewish world JUDAH HOMEWARD BOUND. 121 that would take place in a short time. This article shows a very remarkable fulfillment of your prediction, the truth of which I trust will be even more fully vindicated in facts which will come to light in the near future. — Very truly yours, 69 Lake Place. C. C. COLEMAN. [At this point it is but just unto ourselves, and to tlie earnest school of Bible students to wliicli we belong, that we should candidly disavow any right or pretension to the ' ' role ' ' which author- izes one to "predict" as such, and in the sense commonly understood by the world. This is not our position. In common parlance, we are sim- ply heliemrs in the predictions of those who were by Divine commission tlie Prophets of "Our Race," and the utmost that we dare to assume unto ourselves in these premises, is a clearer un- derstanding of these prophecies than certainly seems to be the common property. The key to this broader outlook is the New and True Chro- nology. It is a rigid and a correct scale of years, planted by the orbs of heaven, and in its light now certainly let in upon the Scrix^tures, Students of the Prophecies cannot err and the swiftest runner may discern the signs. It is to teach oth- ers the secret of this clairvoyance that we are now writing so that they, with us, may also see the waymarks as they speed along— /or Qiot to see them henceforth is simply progress totoards ®tBix\itixO\\f. and to see them as we do our- selves will force others irresistibly to swell this "midnight cry!'' 122 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Disavowing therefore that we ' ' predict ' ' any- thing, but fearlessly alleging that we believe "the end of the age" has come npon us, even as it has been circumstantially predicted by those who had the authority so to do, and being only desirous of imparting our own information, and the reasons for the faith that is in us, we admit the facts stated in this friendly letter and from the paper which accompanied it (The National Tribune, Washington, D C, Aug. 7, 1890,) ex- tract the following] : "It is estimated that one million Hebrews will have to leave Russia within the next few months, on account of the enforcement of the edict of 1882. According to this edict the Russian Jews must hereafter only reside in certain towns. None of them will he permitted to own land, or to hire it for agricultural purposes, and the order includes hundreds of villages which have large Hebrew populations. The Russian Jews cannot hereafter have shares in or worJc mines. They are debarred from holding posts under the Government. They cannot enter the army, and will not he allowed to practice medicine, laio, or to enter any of the pro- fessions. Their residence must hereafter be con- fined to 16 of the provinces of Russia, and these provisions loill create an exodus of Israelites greater in numher than the trihes who went forth under Moses. ^^ Verily before such bondage as is implied by the enforcement of an edict so abom- inable, that of Egypt itself pales to insignificance, JUDAH HOMEWARD BOUND. 123 nor is it a matter of wonder that the threat has begotten a concerted protest from the whole civil- ized world. But Russia' s policy is like that of the ' ' Medes and Persians" — unalterable — and certainly, with fatuitous persistency, it lures her on to Armaged- don. In the mean time, with Pharaonic lack of foresight, although paralleling Egypt' s methods of oppression, and foreseeing its natural solution, the Czar does not intend to let oppression's chil- dren seek relief by exodus. Orders have been sent to the frontier customs posts, and to the railways in Poland, to watch for the threatened emigration of Hebrews from Russia! — {TiHbune.) In its editorial the New York TiHhune says: "The Czar's infamous decree of religious intoler- ance excites much indignation in England, as it should in every country of the civilized world. Not since the dark ages has such a brutal specta- cle been presented. It is not only a persecution of the Jews, but of all persons who do not con- form to the Czar' s own notions in religious affairs. All American and other Protestant ministers in Russia have been ordered summarily to quit work under pain of expulsion or worse. Even the Greek church itself is to be purged of all who are suspected of any degree of heterodoxy." Truly we are upon the threshold of ' ' the days of upheaval," and that religious elements are to be prominent factors in the solution of coming- questions is no longer a matter of mere prophecy 124 THE VOICE OF IIISTOKY. and prediction — they are already facts, and all "the East" is the caldron in which their seeth- ing issues are to boil. In Jeremiah's day the matter was a prophecy (Jer. i. 13-16), but in ours the ebullition has begun. That we are not alone in these conclusions, but find them shared, in all their practical bearings, by those whom no one will accuse of being fan- atics, pessimists, or alarmists, let us quote at length a late editorial of the New York Thi- hune (Aug. 10, 1890), for while we sit here work- ing at our last appendix an ominous move has been announced upon the Eastern checkerboard. Under the heading of the "Sheik Against the Patriarch," the editorial is as follows: ' 'A few weeks ago two members of the Turkish ministry. Christians, resigned their portfolios, in protest against the Porte's unjust dealings with the Armenians. Now, Dionysius V, the Greek Patriarch at Constantinople, resigns his office in protest against the Porte's unjust dealings with the Greek Church. Standing alone, this latter event would be important. Regarded in connec- tion with preceding events and with surrounding conditions, it is most ominous. This x)relate is the head, it is true, of only one of the three great divisions of the Holy Oriental Orthodox Catholic Ax)ostolic Church, and that by no means the largest. He has technically no authority over the Holy Synod of St. Petersburg, nor over the National Greek Church. Yet Constantinople, JUDAH HOMEWARD BOUND. 125 the city of the first Christian Emperor, is re- garded as the center and capital of the whole Eastern Church, and so the Patriarch there has a certain sentimental supremacy over the heads of the other branches, and is in a measure the repre- sentative and si3okesman of them all. He is, of course, the absolute sx)iritual head, and largely, too, the temporal head, of all the Greek Chris- tians in European Turkey, who number not far from half of the entire population. It may easily be imagined, therefore, what a widespread sensa- tion his resignation will cause, and how ill the Porte can afford to ignore such a protest against its policy. '•This resignation is one more unmistakable in- dication of the fanatical rule of the Sheik-ul- Islam over the Sultan and his ministers. This power behind the throne, backed by the Moslem priesthood and the mob, holds that the woes of Islam come because of compromise with sin, and that the only hope of the Empire lies in sternly smiting the infidel on every hand. So the Porte was driven to fasten new fetters upon the Chris- tians of Crete. " So it was constrained to turn a deaf ear to the cries of outraged Armenia. It was permitted to grant berats to Bulgarian bishops in Macedo- nia only because there seemed a chance of fo- menting dissension between two branches of the Christian Church. Indeed, this very granting of the berats is the immediate provocation of the 126 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Patriarch's resignation. But in other matters the Sheik-ul- Islam has driven the Porte to re- l^eated acts of unjust discrimination against tlie Greelv Church. And now, both in despair and in defiance, the chief i3relate of that Churcli in Turl-Ley resigns his office. The Patriarcli lias con- tended witli tlie Slieik, and is overcome. So he practically makes an appeal to the country. For now every Greek Christian Avill take up the fight ; and every Christian of any name, too, for by its conduct toward Greeks and Armenians alike, the Porte has shown its hostility to be directed to- ward no particular creed, but toward all who do not bow to Islam. ''It would be difficult to arouse a religious war in Western Euroj)e. It would be easy to do so in Eastern Europe, where civilization is at a low ebb, and fanaticism is rampant, and where for centuries all sorts of oppression for conscience's sake have been perpetrated. The Greek and other Christians of European Turkey have suf- fered much because of their religion. Hitherto they have been almost helpless. But now they form a majority of the population, and they have the sympathy of other nations at their back. They see, moreover, the Ottoman power weaker tJian ever before. The Patriarch of Constantino- ple resigns, and thus rouses every Christian in the peninsula. Prince Ferdinand prepares to proclaim himself King of Bulgaria, and be no more a tributarv vassal. Russia increases her JUDAH HOMEWAKD BOUND. 127 army on the frontier, and demands $150,000,000 from an empty treasury. And the Sheik-nl- Islam, with tlie grip of blind fanaticism, holds the helm and keeps the Ottoman ship of state headed straight for the midst of the breakers. Truly, it is Kismet!" Not a week passes, hardly a day, but that the '' watchers" gather news like this and formulate it into ominous fulfillments of the ancient oracles — the only wonder is that even casual readers have not already had their eyes forced open to the import of the days ahead ! But greater won- der is it, more than all, that those who are the ' ' Shepherds ' ' in Israel have not wakened to tiieik duty, and flung away the hypocrisy of their "higher criticism," and come out boldly for the truth "as it is written," and begun to teacli the hungry flock that strays scattered on the hill- sides. May the Almighty judge them for the moments they delay, and bless the efforts of all who strive to herd the sheej) into the pastures that are green. In view of the discussion in this present vol- ume, and of the conclusion arrived at, and al- ready tabulated, that the true A. M. year com- mencing with this autumnal equinox marks the reversed parallel of the first year of Evil Mero- dach ( II Kings, xxv. 27-30), the present news is very significant. But still more so is this fact stated in the Tribune^ to wit: "Letters from Rabbis in Russia mention September as the 128 THE VOICE OF HISTOKY. period for enforcing tlie new anti- Jewish regula- tions." That is, the movement predicted in the Prophets, and now made clear in the present vol- ume, will date officially with the beginning of a year, 5651 Jewish era, which we have already shown to be so Tetragrammatal ! The Washington Tribune states that ' ' a con- vention of delegates, representing the largest col- onies (of Jews) in 36 different cities of Russia, met, July, 10 months ago, and, after a long dis- cussion, they gave a unanimous vote for Pales- tine as their future home.^^ 'The change that such an emigration would produce on the Holy Land cannot be overesti- mated. One million new workers would mean the adding of 150 per cent, to the population of the land occupied by ancient Palestine, and it would make Jerusalem a city of more than 100,000 people. The Holy City has been grow- ing with almost American rapidity within the past few years, and an exodus of the Jews from all parts of the world to it is sloioly hut surely going on.^^ What an im^^etus to such a movement this Russian Edict may engender, and what unknown increments may even now be shaking off the latency of suffering years no man can say, but all men who have read the Prophets with atten- tive minds, must rest convinced that they will be forthcoming in their proper season. JUDAH HOMEWARD BOUND. 129 A close comparison of tlie two principal dia- grams herein published ( ' ' The End of the Age ' ' page 207, and general plan of the "Times of the Gentiles" page 213), will suggest the following dates as those which are to be most closely watched by all concerned : Sept. , 1890 ; March and September, 1891; and March, 1892. The lat- ter month will probably contain the most momen- tous event of history, and up to it, and certainly from it onwards until March, 1899, it will tax the modern Press, in telegraphic brevity, to keep apace of all that shall occur. That outside of any such calculations, which all who are ' ' wise ' ' now agree are necessary in the premises, and of weighty import, that outside of them, and viewed from purely human stand- points, there is quite enough to w^arrant the con- cern wdth which the publications of the Our Race Company have endeavored to be heard, should be patent even to those wdio reject our premises. For instance, in an editorial upon the "Cost of 'Armed Peace,' " the New York TiHhune of Sun- day, Aug 3d, 1890, furnishes a most startling reminder of wdiat from very natural causes will j)robably tend to bring about the state of affairs which w^e maintain, and have shown in this vol- ume, was sujyernaturaUy predicted centuries ago. In view therefore of tlie peculiar prominence which our own studies cast ux)on the year 1892, the editorial referred to is very significant read- ing:— 130 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. "Although/' it says, "the triple Alliance has undoubtedly contributed to x)reserve Europe dur- ing the last few years from the horrors of a gen- eral war, yet it is extremely unlikely that it will be prolonged beyond January 1892, lolten the existing treaty expires (/) Its continuation after that date is imj)robable, and even impossible, in consequence of the inability of either Italy or Austria to meet the financial burden which it im- poses upon it. And, again, "The stipulations have all been ful- filled to the letter, both by the Austrian and Ital- ian governments, and will continue to be so until the present (7 year) compact lapses, at the end of next year. But the strain to which it has subjected Austria, and in particular Italian finance has been excessive — far more so, in fact, than is generally known. Neither of the two nations is in a position to submit to it any longer, and the Austro-Hungarian Minister of AVar, General Von Bauer, did not exaggerate the other day when he informed the Parliamentary dele- gations in tones of desj)air that the present state of afi'airs could not last. And, indeed, doubts have arisen in the minds of most the leading statesmen of the two countries in question, as to whether an attitude of conciliation and abnega- tion, rendered necessary by disarmament, would not be preferable to the disgrace of national bankruptcy, and to the ruin of national trade and industry.'"* JUDAH HOMEWAKD BOUND. 131 But, there is a darker side to this inevitable rupture of the Triple Alliance — really the one at which the Alliance aims ! — the Russian side! If, by dint of longer ' * staying powers ''' and by means of impenetrable "bluff," the great North- ern Bear, aggressive by unbroken precedent, shall survive in arms an otherwise general Euro- pean laying down of weapons, will she not have gained her point 'i Will the failure of the Triple Alliance to maintain itself, for pure want of means, alter the policy laid down in the ' ' will of Peter the Great ? " Is it to be reasonably sup- posed that the acute statesmen of Russia are ignorant of the extremities in which Europe finds herself, or will fail to profit by just that oppor- tunity for which with consummate foresight they have been waiting 'i Europe is indeed in a serious dilemma — to disarm does not mean peace, to main- tain the strain means Anarchy ! In the mean- time "the drift of affairs" in Turkey, says an occasional Vienna correspondent of the Tribune^ is steadily, irresistibly and unmistakably to- wards the bad, and so bad has the condition now become that the end cannot be far off. The dis- missal of Prince Bismark from office removed the only effectual guarantee of a peaceful settle- ment of this hopelessly involved Eastern Ques- tion, and the Porte, between the armies of Europe and the priest-led mob of Islam, between the devil and the deep sea, lets things drift to de- struction as they please." 133 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. But liere, too, Russia lias a lien too long de- layed in its foreclosure. The finances of Turkey are dried up, Russia knows it, and is now forcing the " Sick man's" hand. She has formally de- clared that the long delayed war indemnity must be paid at once, if not she will take forcible steps to collect it — In reality she prefers the forcible means ! In the pending moments the ten great powers which are to be involved in the coming conflict are looming into view. In the west we have Por- tugal, Spain, France, Italy and Austria, the toes of one foot of Nebuchadnezzar s image; — in the east Egypt, Syria, Turkey and Greece, already form four toes of the other foot, and it seems almost certain that before the year is out the world will hear of King Ferdinand, of Inde- pendent Bulgaria, the missing toe ! The image is unstable, the feet are formed of "iron mixed with clay" — of Monarchy and Anarchy ! Tlie English, the Grermans and the Russians never formed any part of the Roman Empire. Scotland and Ireland never saw a victorious Ro- man eagle, the true Britons were in Wales while Rome was present in the Islands of the AVest, and when Rome left Albion's shore, she not only, by two separate imperial edicts, officially ab- solved her from even nominal allegiance, but it was not until then that the never dominated An- glo-Saxon came in to stay ! JUDAH HOMEWARD BOUND. 133 It is ridiculous to count England into the "Image" of Gentile Sway 1 Yet England will have much to say, and more to do in the coming stirring times, — for she it is who forms that other Empire — even the one of STONE ! Germany and England, the Assyria and Israel of "the latter days," (Isa. xix. 23-25) are already significantly bound by a late secret com- pact, "^ and it requires but little perspicuity to discern the nation that will stand as tliird in such a Triple Alliance when the final day of need arrives ! But in this picture where does Kussia stand \ The answer is found in Ezekiel xxxviii. and xxxix. and where she stands she ultimately falls, and where she falls she lies ! However, ere this Northern Monster meets its final fate upon the slppes of Esdraelon she has a part to play, and in it is to be an incarnate agent of Evil. But in the meantime there is a golden ' ' hook ' ' (Ezek. xxxviii. 4) which may yet check the anti- Jewish hostility of Russia for at least a spell, — and Fate has strangely placed its control in Jew- ish hands ! We refer to the protest of the rich Jewish bankers of Paris, who have intimated that, unless the Czar at once guarantees the orig- inal status quo^ they will join the German and English combination against Russian stocks ! * An offensive and defensive naval one, and it is believed even broader ! 134 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. The Rothschilds have taken the initiative in this protest, and have followed it up so energetically that, through the good offices of the French gov- ernment already in close alliance with Russia, it is believed they have gained a temporary point. That such a forced restraint will change the aminus of Russia' s treatment of the Jews is not to be considered for a moment — the spots upon the leopard will change first : nor probably will the imj)etus thus given to the Jewish Exodus be checked. We may therefore confidently look for an escape from bondage, and in due time for a parallel to the disaster which befell Pharaoh's hosts in the Red Sea. And here, from sheer inability to follow this continually unrolling drama further, we must leave j)rognostications to events themselves. With others who have faith, we are content to await de- velopments ; and with them are satisfied that, no matter what unlooked for course they may event- ually take, the lines laid down by Israel's proph- ets will be literally followed — nor delay beyond the times and seasons set for them of old. Finally, dispatches from Berlin indicate that there was political significance in the late visit of the Kaiser, the outcome of which may astonish the world. It is believed that he is fully awake to the gravity of the European situation, and that the main object of his recent royal pilgrim- ages has been to bring al^out some new guarantee of peace. To this the Czar s assent is necessary, JUDAII HOMEWARD BOUND. 135 and the belief in official circles is that the Czar will treat the league of peace as a futility unless associated with the restoration of Russian dom- inance in the Balkans, and the permanent satis- fying of France. And thus it is that in the midst of warlike ten- sion the cry of ' ' Peace, Peace ! " is raised, while the Bible has declared there " is no Peace ! ' ' That cannot be until the whole present system, with its broken faith and faithless guarantees is swept away. Next year is set for the universal peace convention. It is to meet in Rome, beneath the cracking dome of St. Peter' s. "^ But whether it be fated to convene or not its deliberations can but be in vain, for so it is predicted. The time has therefore come when men must see the things as they are^ and as they have been written from of old, but not perhax3s, before the outcome, nor from volumes such as this ; yet none the less — must see them and believe. Half a century ago there were only 3, 000 Jews in the Holy Land, and there were but 32 Jewish families in Jerusalem. Now, about 40,000 out of *The dome of St, Peter's has been cracking for a considera- ble length of time, and the number and extent of the fissures are becoming alarming. About a hundred years ago a similar state of things was remedied by encircling the dome with a strong band of metal. The band was heated, and its contrac- tion on cooling was found to be sufficient to close up the cracks. The suggestion now made is that electric welding has come just in time to make St, Peter's safe for another hundred years. — The Queries Mngazine, Buffalo, N. Y., August, 1890. 136 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. 50,000 in the city of David are Jews, and if the Russian emigrants are allowed to enter, — and who, pray, shall contravene the prophecies of God ? — the city will be built albeit it shall be ' ' in troublous times." Frank G. Carpenter, in his late article in the National Tribune^ says : ' ' When I visited Jeru- salem about a year ago, I was told that three- fourths of the people were Jews, and I found Jews about the walls of the Temple of Solomon from every part of the world. The most curious among them were the Gaddites, a tribe which has lately come from the southern part of Arabia, and which has been shut off from the rest of the Jews of the world until now. These Jews had a number of rare manuscripts of the Holy Scrip- tures. They knew nothing of the New Testa- ment, and had left Jerusalem (Palestine '^) before Christ was born. They claim to have received a prophecy which warned them to come back to the land of their fathers, and they are now there tilling the soil. There are many Jews in Jeru- salem from Morocco, and these are of such a character and belief that they have a strict class of their own. They are not under the i:)rotection of any European power, and they claim to have been in Spain at the time of the crucifixion. They state that they were driven from Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella during the same year that Columbus discovered America, and were forced to go with the Moors to Morocco. They JUDAH HOMEWARD BOUND. 137 speak Spanish, dress in oriental costume, and number at least 5,000." But it is to no further purpose that we review the Jewish signs of the times, and those which concentrate upon the Eastern question. The threshold of the a^Dpointed days has certainly been reached, and from now on not single vol- umes, nay, not even libraries, may serve to com- pass all that could be written; but in closing, let one thing that has been written be rex)eated with concern to "Judah." In this series we are ear- nestly advocating the truth of Anglo-Saxon iden- tity with Lost Israel — it is essential that Judah "walk with Israel" in the great return to the land of her ancestors. If she walks alone she is doomed to stumble, and if she mistakes her "Israel Ridivivus" she will stumble into doom ! There is one terrible prediction yet hanging over Judah' s head — which, whether they believe in Him who uttered it or not, has all the force of nearly 1,900 years to lend it credence ere the day of its fulfillment. ' ' I am come in my Father' s name and ye re- ceived me not, if (xWl^i^^ shall come in Ms own name^ him ye will receive .^ " (John, v. 43). The Saviour here refers to Anti-christ as the "Anarchos " whose advent is at hand ! c. A. L. T. August 21st, 1890. ^^ In the first year of Darius the son of Ahas- uerus^ of the seed of the Medes loliich toas made Tclng over the realm of the Chaldeans; In the first year of his reir/n^ /, Daniel^ un- derstood hy hooJis the number of the years lohere- of the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah the proj)het that he would accomplisli semnty years in the desolations of Jerusalem'^ Dan. ix. 1-2. PAET III. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES. '' We account the Scriptures of God to be the most sublime philosophy. '''Ifiud more sure marks of authenticity in the Bible than in any prof ane history whatever,'^' — Sir Isaac Newton. THE " CHALD./EAN BABYLONIAN ERA," Synchronized with Biblical Chronology AND WITH SECULAR HISTORY AND ASTRONOMY. The object of the following tabular digest is to ^x the Origin of the Babylonian Era, in order that we may know its latter and terminal years with the most absolute accuracy. The author submits it to the Christian world as a scientific demonstration, in so far as its astronom- ical and chronological references are concerned. It is but an extract from very voluminous notes. But as time will not permit, nor are means yet at hand to present its collateral chapters, it must stand in the present volume in a somewhat dis- connected position. If the Bible student will fairly examine it, against any and every reference contained in the Holy Writ, covered by the years that its own scope comprehends, he will find that it answers every special requirement, and so harmonizes the cross references as to demonstrate that its own inter-relations are without flaw. 142 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. As a preliminary step in the construction of this table it was demanded that every Biblical ref- erence to the contemporary years of Kings and Chronicles and the Prophets and to the Hebrew Calendar, should be arranged agreeably to the record itself, without any modification whatso- ever. The first result was, that so soon as the table had been thus completed, it was manifest at a glance that it was, in esse, a harmony — and one which needed no apology, anywhere along its se- quence. It was thereafter an easy matter to synchronize the scale thus resulting, with secular history, since, of course, many dates therein already syn- chronized, and the rest fell into line so soon as a few were fixed. The astronomical and chronological data then clinched the scale against the A. M. years beyond any possibility of moving them. They will be found to agree with the rectified chronology already vised by the British Chronological Society and now, for so many years published in ^'AU Past Time." In this table the B. C. years are the true ones, /. e., they are reckoned from 3996 A. M. ; to change them to Ushers B. C. dates, add 8 years, since his scale reckons from 4004 A. M. PRELIMINARY CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE. 3233 A. M. 763 B. C. Iva-lush (Arbaces ?) or the "Pnl " of the Scrip- tures, an Assyrian General, governing the north- ern provinces, and Belesis, the governor of Baby- lon, having revolted, overthrew Nineveh and blotted out the "First Assyrian Empire." With ' ' Pul ' ' the ' ' Second Assyrian Empire ' ' began and with Belesis the ' ' Second Babylonian Empire." To anticix)ate now the thread of his- tory this II Assyrian Empire, under Esar Haddon eventually put an end to the II Babylonian, and continued until Nabopolassar conquered it, and founded upon its ruins the Chaldee Babylonian empire. The particular aim of this table is to settle the true opening year of this latter empire, to follow its first QQ years chronologically, and to f^i^ this chronology beyond all peradventure by references to history, astronomy and the Bible. 3244 A. M. 752 B. C. Menahem pays tribute to ' ' Pul ' ' the king of Assyria. 2 Kings xv. 19-20 ; 1 Chron. v. 3, 25. 144 THE BABYLONIAN ERA. 3257 A. M. 739 B. C. The edict of Nabonassar fixes his ERA, (Thoth 1 or Feb. 26th noon). This date is accurately de- termined by astronomical observations, including eclipses recorded by Ptolemy, the times of whose occurrencies were invariably measured by the ancient astronomers from it. From this year on to the 20th year of Artaxerxes (3557 A. M.), is just 300 vears. 3263 A. M. 733 B. C. ' ' Within three score and five years shall Eph- raim be broken that it be not a people." — Isa.vii. 8 ; mde 2 Kings, xvi. 5-8-, " Lo-Ammi ! " — Hosea i. 10. Isaiah's jirophecy was uttered uj^on the Sabbath, the 6th day of the 6th civil month, (our February) and began to go into effect at once, since in this year Tiglath Pileser carried away ' ' the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half -tribe of Manasseh." (1 Chron. v. 26). 3265 A. M. 731 B. C. Tiglath Pileser II destroys Damascus, (western Asiatic Inscriptions of Brit. Museum, vol. iii p. 10) and Ahab visits him (2 Kings xvi. 9-16). 3282 A. M. 714 B. C. The siege of Samaria, that is of the City, the capital of the land of Samaria, was opened by Shalmaneser, at the beginning of this year. It lasted 3 full years 3282-3-4. Shalmaneser died during the siege. He was succeeded by Sargon, who conducted it to its close. Its termination PRELIMINARY OUTLINE. 145 was in the 9th year of Hosea, and the 7th of Hez- ekiah. Tioo Samarias are referred to in 2 Kings, xvii. /. e. the city, verse 5, and the land, verse 6. The people of the land began to be moved away at once. Thus, however we regard the chronology of Chronicles and Kings, Hosea' s actual reign over them, /. e. "Israel" was but nine years in duration. But this chronology is not at all in fault, a fact which is of sufficient importance to clear up at once, and so at last set right a place in Biblical exegesis which has always been a van- tage ground for Infidels. hoshea's reign harmonized. NO. A.M. HOSHEA. AHAZ. HEZEKIAH. (1) 3274 1 12 2d Kgs. xvii.l (2) 3275 2 13 (3) 3276. (4) 3277 ^ (5)3278^ (6) 3279 (7) 3280 In ( i Prison \ V 5 3d Yr. 14 25 2d Kgs. xvii. 4 16 •^nir2dKgs. xviii. 1 \ 2Chron.xxix. 2 3-17 (8) 3281 6 3 2d Kgs. xvii. 5 (9) 3182 7 4 2 Kgs. xviii. 9 (10) 3283 8 5 2d Kgs. xvii. 6 (11) 3284 9 6 2 K. xviii. 10 An examination of the foregoing table will show that there is no discrepancy between 2d 146 THE BABYLONIAN ERA. Kings xvii. 1, which refers to 3274 A. M. — the whole of which was Hoshea's "first" year,— r and 2d Kings xv iii. 10, which refers to 3284 A. M. —the whole of which was only Hoshea' s ' ' ninth' ' year, although this apparently makes his reign eleven years instead of ' ' nine ' ' in all. Because, there was an interregnuTn in his reign of exactly two years during which he was temporarily im- prisoned by Shalmaneser {vide xvii. 4). After his release, he reigned two years — revolted in the third, and the siege of his capital began with his seventh of actual reign. A school-boy finding the Biblical data relating to this reign given as the parts of a fair chronological problem in his arithmetic would have solved it without diffi- culty, and by referring to chapter xviii. 1, would have obtained the key to the whole situation. Half of the ' ' third ' ' year here referred to was the first half of 3276 A. M. (The interregnum com- menced with the first day (Monday) of the first sacred month of that year, and extended through the last day (Monday) of the sixth sacred month of the year 3278 A. M.) The remaining half of Hoshea's "third" year, therefore, commences at this point, Tuesday, 1st day 7th civil month, and ends with that civil year. But, and note this well, the year (3278 A. M. ) was an intercalary one, the 12th of the Hebrew cycle. Thus its last, or 13tli month is ^^ silent,'^ and here again bursts forth the consummate accuracy of the Biblical Chronology, and its all sufficiency when PRELIMINARY OUTLINE. 147 faithfully liandled. With the end of the 12th month Ahaz died — ''that King Ahaz," (2 Cliron. xxviii. 22) whose sacrifices to other gods than Jehovah "were the ruin of him and of all Israel " (23). — Hence his successor, Hezekiah, came to the throne of Judah on this same year 3278 A. M., in its 13th month, which was thus the last month of Hoshea's ''third'' year, and so the entire record, which has been such a knot to chronolo- gists, completely tallies ! IS'ow this intercalary month of 3278 A. M. was the one in which Heze- kiah "re-opened the doors of the House of the Lord and repaired them " (2 Chr. xxix. 3.) And here is then a fitting x^lace, and text, whereat to call upon Israel Redlmvus — at the beginning of this final intercalary period of one and one-half years, which (from the date of this volume to March, 1892, A. D.) intervenes before the closing week of the Babylonian era, — and to call as im- pressively as mortal man may be permitted, to re- open the doors of the House of the Lord and to repair them against his issue from within the veil. "Ecce venit," (1 Cor. xvi. 22) " Maran- atha ' ' — The Lord is Coming ! And finally, and in the meantime, here also is the place and occasion to challenge the world to point out one single case in the entire Chronology of His Word which its own unaided record and cross references are not sufiicient to make plain to one that runs ! 148 THE BABYLONIAN EEA. In the ' ' intercalary months ' ' the Hebrews avoided doing any sacred work, so far as possible. But this first act of Hezekiah was imperative, and yet it stopped at the opening and repairing of the doors themselves, and with the preparing of the Priests and Levites for the far more important task of cleansing the temple itself, (2 Chron. xxix. 4-11). This grander undertaking was begun upon the calendric "New Year's Day," on Wednesday the 1st day of the 1st civil month of 3279 A. M. The porch was reached on Wednesday the 8th, and thus the House was sanctified in eight daj^s, " and on the 16th day of the first month" which was Thursday, "they made an end" (2 Chron. xxix. 17). And early upon the next day, Fri- day, the King arose (20) and all the rulers gathered to do sacrifice (21-28). Thus "when they had made an end of offering ' ' it was the Sabhath eve! and "the King and all that were present with him, bowed themselves and Avor- shipped" (29). "So the service of the house of the Lord was set in order, and Hezekiah re- joiced, and all the people, that God had prepared the people, for the thing was done suddenly ! " (36). The Chronology of the Bible is simply marvel- ous, and the significance of this type should sink deeply into the hearts of those whom God is even now prei)aring for the antitypical task of cleansing his earthly temple for the final time. 1>RELIMINARY OUTLINE. 149 But to return to our chronological outline; for quite different things were taking place at Sama- ria while the scenes w^e have now briefly sketched were being enacted at Jerusalem: — 8284 A. M. 712 B. C. Samaria, the Capital, falls with end of year, i. e., in its ''Intercalary days." This is the usual date d quo for Israel' s Captivity. It is not, how- ever the one in which it was "Consummated" {mde 3317 A. M.); nor yet its most important point d) appid {vide 3306 A. M. 3285 A. M. 711 B. C. The final Israelitish Captives leave Samaria as the year begins. They are first placed in Assy- ria. 2 Kgs. xvii. 5-23 ; (latter part of 6 refers to later events), also 2 Kgs. xviii. 9-12, except last part of verse 11. Unless this work is astronomical it is not worth a straw chronologically. Two total lunar eclip- ses, agreeing with our modern ones (Nos. 48 and 50), must have occurred at Babylon upon the Sacred year which spans 3284-5 A. M. Now these two eclipses are actually recorded by Ptol- emy as having so occurred, thus w^e have addi- tional evidence that our "line of time" is con- tinuous down to the last eclipse of history (June 17th, 1890). 150 THE BABYLONIAN ERA. 3292 A. M. 704 B. C. Hezekiah's 14tli year. Sennacherib ascends and reigns 24 years. He comes up against Jeru- salem at once (2 Kings, xviii. 13-37, xix. 1-35). His army is destroyed in the closing days of this year; Hezekiah's sickness culminates, and Sen- nacherib returns to Nineveh (36). Vide, also, Isa. xxxvi. xxxvii. 3293 A. M. 703 B. C. In the beginning of this, Hezekiah' s 15tli year, the shadow on the " Dial of Ahaz'' turns back 10° (40 mts.), at "high noon'' of Wednesday, the 18th day of 1st civil month, the sun being at that instant about to go into autumnal equinox. The solar year was therefore delayed, the day lengthened 40 minutes, and the calendar thus made absolutely correct {vide Joshua s Long Day, 2555 A. M.) Hezekiah's life was lengthened by 1 Calendric Cycle of 15 solar years, /. e., to end of 3307 A. M. 3306 A. M. 690 B. C. Sennacherib (and Esar-Haddon, his son, who was now jointly associated with him) having com- pleted the conquest of Media, transfer "Israel" into its cities. Before the reign of Sennacherib Media was unJcnown ("B. M. Inscriptions," Vol. i. p. 63). This is the true date d quo of Israel's Captivity, 1st sacred month (7th civil), just 100 PRELIMINARY OUTLINE. 151 years before that of Jiidah. Its significance has been so completely hidden that the date has es- caped all former chronologists. From it 720 years forward (/. ^ A. M. (our 1828X A. D.), or 1260 lunar years (= 1222 >^ solar) beyond the celebrated " Decree of Phocas," in favor of Boniface III, the which date (607 A. D. com- mon reckoning) is a very focus of prophetic origines. Its discussion, here, is too intricate for such as are not supplied with prophetic "oil" (Matt. XXV. 1-13). Those who are may draw their own conclusions ! 3316 A. M. 680 B. C Sennacherib slain (3 Kgs. xx. 37), at end of year : Media revolts, her ' ' era ' ' begins, and Is- rael herself takes this occasion to escape through the "Gates of the Caucasus." Thus from 3285 to 3317 was less than half of "70 years," and from her actual location in Media to her escape was but one-seventh of Judah's term ; it was in- 152 THE BABYLONIAN ERA. deed "a little while," for already had she begun her repentance (Jer. iii. 11 ; the whole of Hosea). 8317 A. M. 679 B. C. Esar-IIaddon ascended as sole monarch of As- syria at the beginning of the year, conquered Babylon (thus ending its "second" empire), and reigned 13 years. His second important work was the replacement of Israel by Cutha}ans, or "Samaritans," which was completed in his 12th year, 3328 A. M. Thus was Isaiah' s prophecy of 3263 A. M. (q. v.) fulfilled, and as the 65th year ran out Israel's captivity was "accomplished" — ' ' No more even a people ; ' ' she also had no empty land awaiting her at home ( 2 Kgs. xvii. 24-41, xviii. last part of 11). 3328 A. M. ms B. C. One of the most remarkable of tlie ' ' connecting- years " upon the Prophetic Scale. For instance, from its February there extend 2520 lunar years (2445 solar) to the accession, Feb. 15, 1775, of Pius yi, the Pope whose temporal govern- ment was overthrown by the French Revolution ; this occasion, itself being 1260 ' ' calendar ' ' years from Justinian's Decree (Mar. 533 A. D.) making the Bishop of Rome, John II, "Head of all the Holy Churches and of all the Holy Priests of God.'^ From this sam.e February of 3328 A. M. there extend 2520 solar years to the formal deposi- PRELIMINAEY OUTLINE. 153 tion of Pope Pio IX, Feb. 8tli, 1849, the which date was itself 1260 "calendar" years from the Decree of Phocas conceding to Boniface III ' ' the Headship over all the Churches of Christendom," and which latter was memorialized by the Pillar of Phocas at Pome bearing inscriptions and date. 8329 A. M. 667 B. C. The 66th year from Isaiah's prophecy. Esar- Haddon dies at its termination. 3330 A. M. 666 B. C. The 666th before Christ. Assnr Banipal as- cended throne of Assyria, reigned 41 years. 3371 A. M. 625 B. C. Bel-zakir-iskum, or Assur-ebil-ile, ascends and reigns six years. With him in 3377 A. M. the '^Second Assyrian Empire" ended. "He per- ished in the flames of his palace, which he fired, when the Babylonians and their allies entered Nineveh." Vide {" All Past Time.) Speaking of this final overthrow of Assyria, Labberton says : "It was one of the most terrible catastro- phes that ever happened. Not only an empire was destroyed that a few years before had ruled the whole of Western Asia, but a whole nation, which for centuries had been the curse of all other nations was utterly effaced. The four capi- tals, Assur, Ninua, Kalach, and Dur Sarrukin, were so thoroughly blotted out that they never 154 THE BABYLONIAN ERA. were inliabited again. They disappeared from the face of the earth as the nation that had built them." (Hist. Atlas, p. 12.) But upon the other hand, it will in due time be the task of the ' ' new Chronology ' ' to show that the ' ' remnant of Assyria" followed "Israel" West^ and that in the Germans they are yet to complete their history (Isa. xix. 23-25) vide " Our Race," study No. 1, The Romance of History^ p. 167). Having now arrived legitimately at the general date a quo of the " C^a7(^ee Babylonian Empire, ' " it remains for us to fix it still more positively by means of the most minute system of cross refer- ences. We shall therefore follow the next 80 years, one at a time, and show how rigidly their historical events are tied together, and to it. THE ORIGIN OF THE BABYLONIAN ERA, FROM WHICH WE MUST DATE "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES." EVKNTS AND ReFEBBNCKS. Josiah crowned : — 1 Josiah was ei^ht years "] old when he began to reign, and he reigned I in Jerusalem one and thirty years. — 2 Chron. j xxxiv. 1. j 3 For in the eighth year of his reign, while "j he was yet young, he began to seek after the \ j God of David his father. — 2 Chron. xxxiv. 3. j And in the twelfth year he [Josiah] began to purge Judah and Jerusalem from the high places, and the groves, and the carved im- ages, and the molten images. — 2 Chron. xxxiv. 3. Date of Zephaniah and Habakkuk. j Jeremiah commissioned; Nabopolas-I sar father of Nebuchadnezzar revolts | ' from Assyria, and ascends the throne I of Babylon. 1st day of Sacred year, J- i. e., 7th Civil month of 3377 A. M., I this is the origin of the Babylonian Eka. — Jer. i. 1. j N. B. — [To fix this Era, i. e., its chronological origin as ex plicitly as possible, let us note as follows : — It is the middle of 3377 A. M. (^■. e.', the beginning of its 7th Civil or 1st Sacred month). It commences with the 1296th year from Abraham's Call out of Ur, and with the 865th year out of Egypt, i. e., from the Exodus. "Israel" had been in captivity 71 years when Jos. A. M. B.C. 1 3365 631 2 3366 630 3 3367 629 4 3368 628 5 3369 627 6 3370 626 7 3371 625 8 3372 624 9 3373 623 10 3374 622 11 3375 621 12 3376 620 13 3377 619 156 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Nabopolassar ascended the throne, and there extend from that event 29 full years to the date of "Judah's" captivity; i. e., between "Israel's" and "Judah's" dates of captivity are just 100 years, no more, no less upon the Solar scale. Finally, thjs event, Nabopolassar's accession, was at the middle of the 848th Lunar year from Joshua's Long Day, or 822 j^ Solar years from this same date, and it was at the March Equinox of 3377 A. M. and 3377 J^ years of Solar astronomic duration from the "1st day " recorded in Genesis. It was also the middle of Josiah's 13th year. Jeremiah was "called " at the beginning of this 13th year, and so was prepared to see the full initiation of the " Times of the Gentiles."] A. M. is the 483rd Sabbatic Year.) Nab. Jos. A. M. B.C. 1-2 14 3378 618 2-3 15 3379 617 3-4 16 33S0 616 4-5 17 3381 615 Important. — In the year 3381 1 A. M., a very nest of prophetic times concentrate. It is particularly im- 1 portant as marking a dense period of { sin, both in Israel and Judah, and the one preceding the finding of the Law. J Ezekiel refers to this particular j^ear in the first verse of his prophecies in a manner so occult that it has never before been explicable, because no other than the present and only accurate system of chronology can possibly compass its ramifying ref- erences. Thus, Ezekiel's book opens in the 4th Sacred month, the 5th day of the month, which was a Sabbath, of the year 3410 A. M., which was the 5th year of Jehoiachin's captivity (2). Nevertheless, in verse 1 he calls it the 30th year, and thus refers back to the year now under consideration, to wit : 3381 inclu- sive, i. e., dating from the end of 3380 A. M. Now, the first 30 years of the 40 referred to in Ezek. iv. 6 commence here and run out in 3420, when Nebuchadnezzar took away his last batch of Jewish prisoners (Jer. lii. 30). But in the same chapter, iv., Ezekiel refers to 390 days (3-5) for "Israel," which typified years (6). From the year iu which Ezekiel obeyed this com- mand, namely, 3410 A. M,, there extend backward 390 years to Solomon's sin (1 Kings xi. 1-25) which led to Jeroboam's revolt TIMES OF THE GENTILES. 157 (26-40), and which was the original occasion of "Israel's" special sin, as detailed in 1 Kings xii. Solomon's defection and Jeroboam's sin and flight took place in 3020 A. M., and from thence, fo the year under consideration 3381 A. M., there extend just 360 years, or " One Time," which, with the 30 to Ezekiel's mimic siege make up the 390 referred to. This type and its own actual scale on the calendar of 3410-11 A. M., and the date as an a quo and ad quern refers to so many others, and verifies them, that it is impossible to devote more space to the matter here. 8 Now in the eighteenth year ofl his [Josiah'sJ reign, when he had purged the laud, &c., was — The law ^ found (2 Kings xxii., 2 Chron. xxxiv. 14-33); The oath at "Bethel" taken (2 Chron. xxxiv. 29-32, 2 Kings xxiii. 1-3, xi. 14); and The Great Passover held (2 Kings xxiii. 1-23, 2 Chron. XXXV. 1-19); " In the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah was this pass- over kept." J 69th and last year of Psammetichus | I of Egypt. i Pharaoh Necho ascends; reigns 16 years. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necho mid- "^ die of Civil and end of Sacred year. — I 2 Chron. xxv. 20-27, 2 Kings xxiii. \ 29-30. i Nab. Jos. A. M, ' B. C. 1 ! 18 3382 614 6-7 19 3383 613 7-8 20 3384 612 8-9 21 3385 611 9-10 22 3386 610 10-11 23 3387 609 11-12 24 3388 608 12-13 25 3389 607 13-14 26 3390 606 14-15 27 3391 605 15-16 28 3392 604 16-17 29 3393 603 17-18 30 3394 602 18-^ 31 3395 601 158 THE VOICE OF UISTOKY. EVHNTS AND RkFEKBIi'CKS. Jehoaliaz succeeds at commence--1 ment of Sacred year and reigns but three months. — 2 Chron. xxxvi. 1-3, 2 Kings xxiii. 31-34. 1 Then the people of tlie land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiali, and made him king in his father's stead in Je- rusalem. 2 Jehoahaz uas twenty and three years old^ when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Je- rusalem. 3 And the king of Egypt put him down at Jerusalem, and condemned the land in an hundred talents of sil- ver and a talent of gold. 4 And the king of Egypt made Eliakim his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem, and turned his name to Jehoiakim. And Necho took Je- hoahaz his brother, and can ied him to Egypt. Jehoiakim commences to reign the 1st of the 10th Civil, or 4th Sacred month. — 2 Chron. xxxvi. 4, 5; 2 Kings xxiii. 34-37. 1 In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah came this word unto Jeremiah from the Lord, saying, 2 Thus saith the Lord to me, Make thee bonds and yokes, and put them upon thy neck. — Jer. xxvii. Jeremiah puts on his yokes this year, 3395, which was the IXth year of the Hebrew Calendar, and wears ^ Jeho- ahaz. A. M. B. C. -19 I3395 601 -19 -1 IX. 3395 601 TIMES OF THE GENTILES. 159 EVKNTS AND RBFERKNCKS. them to the IXth of the next ; i. e., 14i full years, and just into the 15th ! year. Jehoiakim pays tribute to | Necho for three years commencing J with— 1 Nabopolassar dies in the middle of this year, and is succeeded by his . son Nebuchadnezzar, whose first 3 three months of reign overlap the i" last three of Jehoiakim's 3d year, I hence Daniel i. 1 is correct, as shown here.— Jer. xxxvi. 1-8 (3398-9). For a similar reason the following^ is correct : 1 The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, that icas the first year of Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon; 2 The which Jeremiah the prophet spake unto all the people of Judah, and to all the inhabitants of Jerusa- , lem, saying, 3 From the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah, even unto this day, that is the three and twentieth year, the word of the Lord hath come unto me, and I have spoken unto you, ris- ing early and speaking, but ye have not hearkened. — Jer. xxv. 1-3. (And so also is Jer. xxv. 3, since the 23 years begin at the beginning Nab. -19 Jeho. i A. M. B. C. I- -l|3395 continued. 601 I X. - xi. 19-20! 1-2 3396 600 20-21; 2-33397 21- Neb. 1 -1 8- 3398 Xll. 3- 3398 599 598 598 1-2 ' Xlll.- XIV. 4^53399 597 160 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Events and Refbkkncks. of 3377 A. M. and run to the end of"^, 3399 A. M., *. e., inclusive.) Jer. xlv. — Barucli comforted. Pha- raoh n echo, smitten by Nebuchadnez- zar, is succeeded by Psammetichus. "Pharaoh-necho king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Car- chemish, which Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon smote in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah. — Jer. xlvi. Jer. xxxvi. 9-32 — Jehudi burns the Roll (Dec). Nebuchadnezzar's H 2-3 vision. — Dan. ii. j Third and final year of Jehoiakim's tribute to Nebuchadnezzar. Last year (xv.) of the Calendric Cycle. Histo- rical eclipse, Central Solar, No. 1 of the Team [date on Usher system B. C. 603 {i. e., before 4004 A. M.)] True date, 3401 A. M. ; last repeated, Jan. 22, 1879. N. B.— This same sequence of eclipses passes through that- of June 17th, 1890, and March 29, 1112. It also verifies the Beth Horon conjunction, and the equinox at High Noon marked by a reversed shadow upon the Dial of Ahaz alluded to in the text. Jehoakim rebels. — 2 Kings xxiv. 1. Hebrew Calendric Cycle commences. Jeho. 1-2 4-5 3399j 597 continued. 6-Q XlV.-jXV. 3400 596 3-4 6-7 4-5 7-8 XV. 3401 595 3402 "594 TIMES OF THE GENTILES. 161 EVBNTS AND RKFKRBNCKS. Pharaoli Hophra ascends, reigns 25 \^ Neb. years. Johoiakim captured by the Baby- lonians (2 Chron. xxxvi. 6), and dies a prisoner (2d Kings xxiv. 6), hav- ing reigned to the 4th quarter of the Sacred year. Transit of Mercury and recommencement of his 38th team of 15 transits each. The transit of 3406 was the 570th transit. It was 405 transits ago, reckoning from its future repetition in 1891 A. D. His son Jehoiachim succeeds andl reigns three months (the last quarter of the Sacred year) and ten days into the 1st Sacred month of the next Sacred year (2 Chron. xxxvi. 9-10). Hence "at the return of the year" Nebuchadnezzar sent for him (2 Chron. xxxvi. 10). The city was smitten on Thursday, the 9th day of the 1st Sacred month. Jehoiachin went out to the Babylonians on Fri- day, the 10th (2 Kings xxiv. 12), and the Captivity of Judah began. It being still the 8th year of Nebuchad- nezzar just ending (12). j Jeho. ii.- 5-6 8-9 3403 B. C. 6-71 9-103404 693 592 7-8 10-11 3406 "^691 8- 11- 3406 Jehoia- chin. 3406 690 690 162 THE VOICE OF HISTORY EyKNTS A.NIJ REFEKE^•CES. Cap. -9 A. M. I B. C. 3406 590 Nebuchadnezzar now places^ Zedekiah upon the throne (2 Chron. xxxvi. 11, 2 Kings xxiv. 17-20, Jer. lii. 1-4.) Zedekiah's years thus run with the Sacred calendar, and lag a little, i. e., they commence not earlier than Sabbath, the 11th day of 1st Sacred month of 3406, i. e., with the Captivity, nor later than the Passover of that year, a very probable date in view of the solemn oath he is known to have taken to Neb- uchadnezzar before the Lord upon his accession . And it came to pass the same ■^ year, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Ju- dah, in the fourth year, and in the fifth month, that Hananiah the son of Azur the prophet, which was of Gibeon, spake unto me in the house of the Lord, in the presence of the priests and of all the people, saying. — Jer. xxviii. 1-14. The expression "the same year" means of the C^cle ; compare reference above, opposite 3395 A. M. The IXtli year was just again beginning, and it overlaps 22 days into 3409 A. M., because the intercalation was not due until the end of the next year, when the Lunar year was " floated " thereby on to Solar time. This was what the false pro- phet Hananiah meant by saying " within two full years " (3). He really meant to those who understood their own calendar, "within the time that two full years 'float' together," or 1-2 9-10 1 2-310-11 I I 3-411-12 1-2 3407 589 I vii.-viii. 2-33408 588 viii.- ix. 3-43409 587 TIMES OF THE GENTILES. 163 " before the intercalary days," &c. Scripture iu filled with this and similar expressions, and they always refer to the intercalary year. In the present instance this was 13 months forward. Now, owing to the fact that the months of Zedekiah's reign begin with the 11th day of the corresponding Sacred month it follows that the 5th month referred to in verse 1 (Jer. xxviii) extended into the Vlth Sacred month 11 days, while, as we have just seen the IXth year of the calendar overlapped 22 days into this same month from the other direction. There were just 30 days in the Vlth Sacred month, hence the three last days of the fifth month referred to in the text were in reality the 9th, 10th and 11th days of the regular Vlth Sacred month, and were also the 1st three days of the IXth year of the Sacred calendar backed up (as it were) to meet them. They were Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, upon either one of which the events detailed in verse 1 may have occurred ; but, so close is the limit, upon no others. The day was probably the central one or Wednesday, the 10th of the Vlth Sacred, which was the 28th da,j of JeJmakim's "Vth" month. This is, perhaps, one of the most beautiful instances that can be cited in the general chronology of the Bible, as an example of consummate accuracy, combined with a suggestiveness which is its own commentary upon the context. Had it not been carefully recorded that Jehoiakim reigned three months and 10 days, and had we not rigidly considered these days in the chronology, our work would here find itself in a hopeless cm de sac in the vain effort to make a IXth year of the cycle synchronize at all with a 5th month of Zedekiah's 4th year. If now we suppose that Zedekiah's ascension, or at least his oath to Nebuchadnezzar, dates from the Passover of 3406, we may run the splice down 4 days more, or make it cover a whole week. The 13th day of the month thus covered was the Sabbath preceding the Passover of 3409 A. M. , upon which these incidents could even more fittingly have taken place. It is now possible to obtain a clear idea of the return judgment passed by the prophet Jeremiah upon Hananiah, when he had broken the yoke that the former had been wearing so long. 15 Then said the prophet Jeremiah unto Hananiah the pro- phet, Hear now, Hananiah ; The Lord hath not sent thee ; but thou makest this peopl~a^ alteration of the length of day, hour, lunation, pre- cession, seasons, or times. J Neb. Zed. A. M. 1 B. C. 15-16 16-17 1 xn. 7-8 i3413 8-9 3414 582 583 17-18 9-10 3415 18- 11-12119- 12-1320- -19 ■20 21 10- 3416 -113416 siege of Tyre. 1 3417 2 3418 581 580 580 579 578 21-22 3 3419 577 TIMES OF THE GENTILES. 167 Events akd Referekces. Cap. 13-14 Sequence of the days as^ rigid as the word of God. No lapse in the week. The chronology of the Bible is agreeable to chronological astronomy to the very last ultimate of time !) Jer. lii. 30, End of Eze-^ kiel's 40 years for " Judah." j j Vide Ezek. iv., also see re- ;^jl4-15 marks opposite A. M. 3410 I i and 3381. J' 15- 16- 17- 18- 19- 20- 21- 22- 21-22 22-23 16 23-24 17|24-25 18|25-26 1926-27 ■2027-28| 21 128-29 22l29-30^ 23 30-311 Si' ge of A Tyre. ^• 3 conti B. C. 3419 577 nued. 3420 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Jer. xliv. In this year^ Tyre fell, and Hophra's I Lybian expedition failed. I The revulsion of feeling in \ 23-24 31-32! 13 3429J 567 Egypt leads to revolt under Ahmes. J Nebuchadnezzar's first in-" vasion of Egypt, Ahmes in meanwhile slays Hophra. Nebuchadnezzar confirms himasAmasis. Intheconfu- ^ 24-25 32-33 -1 i3430| 566 sion Jeremiah atd the Royal Remnant disappear. Ezek. xl. 1, 1st month, 10th day, Thursday. (This vision of j 576 3421 575 3422 574 3423 3424 3425 3426 3427 3428 573 572 571 570 569 568 1G8 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Events and Rkfkbknces Cap. Ahmes. j A. M. B. C. Ezekiel covers the remain-"' der of his Book of Prophecy and is the last date given by him. It extends to v. 35 chapter xlviii.) The " self same day" of Ezek. xl. 1, refers to the Thursday the 9th day of 1st Sacred month of 3406. When the City was " smitten," Jehoiachin went out on the 10th day, Friday, and as above noted i \ 95 go oo Zedekiah may have begun ^ '^^~^' ^^^'^ to reign anywhere from the nth (Sabbath) to the 14- 15th (Passover) of that month. From the accuracy with which these cross re- ferences all come out upon the true chronological scale it must be manifest how precise the Bible is in all its records. The year 3480 is a most important one. j Nebuchadnezzar returns to Babylon. Ezek. xxix. 17, 1st month, ) 1st day (Tuesday). f Daniel iii. The Image,"] and the Fiery Furnace . The significance of this act of Nebuchadnezzar is thus ap- parent. Thirty-four years had now elapsed since his " vision of Empire, " and its significant interpretation by -1 3430 conti mied. mQ 25-26 33-34 1-2 34311 6Q^ 26-2734-35 2-3 3432 564 27-28 35-36 3-4 3433 563 TIMES OF THE GENTILES. 169 Events and Kkfebences. the Prophet Daniel ii. , in^ 3403 A. M. In the mean- time Palestine had been subjugated, Tyre reduced, and Egypt was now at last beneath his heel ! The glory was too much even for that "Head of Gold." So, turned with pride, he was beside himself and reared an image unto van- ity. The incident of the fiery furnace, however, brought him once more to short lived reason, and led to his re-acknowledgment of God's decree (Dan. ii. 28- 30). It was now necessary to repeat the lesson in the form of a vision, so at the beginning of the next sacred year and of his own 37th year — Nebuchadnezzar dreams 1 of a tree. Dan. iv. 4-27. His 2nd invasion of Egypt now undertaken. It covers the 37th year of Nebuchad- nezzar. His armies went from Migdol to Syene, and ,' clothed themselves with Egypt's spoils. Our only monumental inscription of Nebuchadnezzar, referring to his wars, a clay tablet now in the British museum. Cap. Neb. 1^27-28 35-36: 3-4 conti 28-29 36-37 A.M. 3433 nued. B. C. 563 4-5 3434 m2 170 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Events and RBrERENCES. Cap Neb. Ahmes A.M. B.C. absolutely confirms this 2nd "^ expedition, and the year in which Nebuchadnezzar undertook it. Vide Trans, i Soc. Bib. Arch., vol. vii. pp. > 28-29 36-37 4-5 3434 562 210-225 ; Vigoroux, vol. iv., conti nued. p. 376. (N. B.— This 2nd invasion was three years after the first.) Nebuchadnezzar returns ~ to Babylon in time to be there at the beginning of the 7th Civil month, which was 12 months after his dream of the tree, and the incidents related in Dan. iv. 28-33 took place. His ^ 29-30 37-38 5-6 3435 561 renewed victory in Egypt had again proved too much ; for even such an intellect, and this time it fell with a 1 j crash. He was insane from the middle of 3435 to the middle of 3442. ^ 1 30-31 38-39 6-7 3436 560 31-32 39-40 7-8 3437 559 132-33 40-41 8-9 3438 ms 33-34 41-42 9-10 3439 557 34-35 42-43 10-11 3440 556 35-36 43-44 11-12 3441 5m Dan. iv. 34-37. Nebu--| chadnezzar's understanding returns. During the re- mainder of this year his 36-37 44-45 12-3 3 3442 554 kingdom is restored to him, and his first act is to write J i TIMES OF THE GENTILES. 171 Events and Rkfbkencks. Cap. an epistle declaring his ex- "] perience to all nations. I Vide Dan. iv. 1-3, 4-27, 28- y 86-37 33, 34-37. And at the end j ' of the year he died. J The 66th year of "the Times of the Gentiles ! " i Evil Merodach ascends^ j the Babylonian throne at the beginning of this Civil year, the first half of which was thus the latter half of the 37th year of the Cap- tivity. Hence Jer. lii. 81- 34, and 2 Kings xxv. 27-80, are absolutely right. This entire year, 3443 A. M., marks a " lifting up " era in Judah's affairs, and has a marked bearing (typically) upon the year A. D., which fully counterparts it from J> 37—88 this end of the scale (to wit, 5890 A. M., or from Sept. | 1890, to Sept., 1891). The half year which follows [ Sept., 1891, corresponds by reversion to that in which j Nebuchadnezzar's reason 1 was restored, and he wrote his epistle to the nations. It is the firm conviction of j the writer that from this I coming September these counterparts Avill evolve in striking incidents 1 J 44-45 12-13 Evil Mei'd'ch 1 18-14 3442 554 nned. 3448 553 UHIVlRSITYl ^m. msf 172 TIIK VOICE OF HISTORY. Events and Refkrbncks. This year, 3444 A. M.. marks the beginning of the 8th team of Transitsof Venus (8 in a teamV The transit occurred in Dec. 3444, and was repeated five teams later on Tuesday, Dec. 8- 9th, 1874, which was also new moon's day. There are always 486 years between similar transits. From the beginning of this year to the end of 5888 A. M. (our Sept., 1890), there I extend 2445 Solar years=to 2520 exact lunar, calendric, or "shortened" years. I After which 13^ years of I "silence," or rest, or warn- ing, or Jewish irredentalism i preceed and usher in the | last and dreadful 7 final I years of the Babylonian Era, to wit, those of Anti- christ. J c:ap. Mer'd-ch| Ahmes. A. M. 38-39 14-153444 B. C. 652 "Here is Wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the numher of the beast ; for it is the numher of a man ; and his number is ^ix 5un6re6 €^xttBCOxt anb ^ix/'— Rev. xiii. 18. To accept this mark (whatever it may be) is to sin against the Holy Ghost ! ! ! 1 John v. 16. Matt. xii. 31-32. Rev. xiii. 16; xiv. 9-11. Mark iii. 28-29. Luke xii. 10. Heb. vi. 4; x. 26-29. THE CHRONOLOGY OF JEREMIAH, FROM HIS "CALL" TO HIS "DISAPPEARANCE," VINDICATED. " See^ Iliave this day set thee over t?ic Nations and over the Kingdoms^ to root out, and to i^ull down, and to destroy, and to tit row down, TO B UILD and TO PLANT:' Jer, i, 10. JEREMIAH VINDICATED. It is at last high time to do justice to human faith, and to have it put on record, in at least one religious book, that we believe in the plenary inspiration of Jeremiah, and in that of the whole college of the Prophets, and that also we believe Jehovah is not only unswerving in his "times and seasons,'' but has so arranged them as to be within the understanding and demonstration of his creatures. The whole library of Scriptural Commentary will be searched in vain to find a due recognition of the character and mission of Jeremiah, and we do not hesitate to arraign the entire Christian Church, heretofore and hitherto, as solely respon- sible for the deadly heresy of infidelity which feeds upon its own halting and apologetic vol- umes. No words are strong enough to paint the nature of a sin at once so fatal, and so suicidal to the integrity of faith, as has resulted from this willful disbelief in God' s commands and promises to Jeremiah, and we challenge the orthodox of any branch of the so-called "church" to pro- duce a single volume from the whole library of accepted standard theology wherein the doctors have recognized the necessity of as duly account- ing for ''the BUILDING and planting," as for 176 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. the merely historical bolstering up of a few minor incidents in this prophet's life. Their whole teaching is at fault, in that, on coming to the end of Jeremiah's own works, so far as human history goes, and finding therein no mention of his having built or planted, they have tacitly and inconsistently suffered it not only to be implied, but have actually taught that \.^ failed! The inconsistency lies in the fact that if he did fail, then, ipso f ado ^ his orders and authority were not from Jehovah, and hence his book would be without canonical value. And it is manifest that whether they teach this or not, the common sense of other men must pronounce this judgment upon it, or else reject their methods, and re-commence the study in a different spirit. This is the only logical estimate to be placed upon the sacred works of Jeremiah ; for if no more can be said of him than the college of his commentators have said, they have but helped ' ' the world ' ' to disprove the word of God ! But how grievous an error this has been, and is, if still persisted in, it has been the task of those who believe in the Israelitish origin of "Our Race" to show, and it shall be our own task to add another chapter to this prophet's vin- dication. To commence : let it be pointed out, that it seems to have escaped the understanding of the Doctors, that Jeremiah was Called, and Commis- JEREMIAH VINDICATED. 177 Stoned by the Holy Spirit at a moment whicli purposely ante-dated the d quo of Gentile times, just long enough to make him literally the ''Prophet of the Nations," and to enable him to sweep into his philosophy the whole compass of their " times and seasons." x^s we have already shown (Romance of His- tory, p. 172) Daniel's Book closes at the date d quo the scattering commenced. Thence to Egbert's accession, we have already shown, is 1335 years upon the broader scale of prophecy. But Jere- miah's book opens at an equally significant era, to wit : the beginning of the year 3377 A. M., at the Passover or Spring-tide, of which Nabopo- lassar began the Babylonian Era. The momen- tous significance of this fact, now for the first time raised to the prominence it deserves in Chro- nology, must be ajDparent to all earnest students of the Bible. In the meantime, before we begin to study the chronology of Jeremiah, let us point out to those who find so much difficulty in the fact that the Saviour, and others, referred to texts not now found in "Jeremy, the Prophet," (Matt, xxvii, 9, and 2 Chron. xxxv. 25), will perhaps recover their judgment by referring to 2 Maccabees, ii, 1, and Jer. xxxvi. 32, from which, together with Jer. xxxii. 12-14, it will be manifest that we, moderns, have not the whole of his works in our possession, and that some of them are still buried against a day of great future necessity ! 178 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Let us now devote a few pages to the Chronolog- ical re-arrangement of the early part of the book of Jeremiah, in order that, with cleared insight, we may mentally follow the sequence of events into which they eventuated, and out of which they sprang. A study of this description is like the solution of a problem in mathematics, and must be con- ducted to a rigid verification without neglecting any of the conditions involved. God's word does not admit of approximations as to fulfillment, each jot and tittle in the sequence of events must fall into its appropriate place, and until such a solution is arrived at, as shall thus harmonize the whole, and bind it into one complete history, it stands to faith, and to reason soundly weigh- ing the premises, that the problem cannot have been integrated. • It was in this spirit that the present solution was undertaken, and not until after many trials had failed to satisfy the earnest search for the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, did the final result come out in perfect chronological harmony. PRELIMINARY CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE. At the beginning of Josiali's IStli year, which was that of 3377 A. M., Jeremiah, then a mere youth, received his call as the ''Prophet of the Nations.'- His "Commission" is broadly summed up in the first chapter of his OAvn proph- ecies, and shows the scope of what he was, 'per- sonally^ appointed to review, and of which he was to be a part. In this first chapter he himself details his "Call '' as follows : THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET JEREMIAH. CHAPTER L 1 The time, 3 and the calling of Jeremiah, 11 His proph£tical visions of an almond rod and a seething pot. 15 His heavy message against Judali. 17 God encovrageth him with his promise of assist- ance. The words of Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah, of the priests that icere in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin : 2 To whom the word of the Lord came in the days of Josiah the son of Amon king of Jiidah, in the thirteenth year of his reign. 180 CHRONOLOGY OF JEREMIAH. 3 It came also in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, unto the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah the son of Josiah king- of Judah, unto the carrying away of Jerusalem captive in the fifth month. 4 Then the word of the Lord came unto me saying, 5 Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee ; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I or- dained thee a prophet unto the nations. 6 Then said I, Ah, Lord God ! behold, I cannot speak : for I am a child. 7 But the Lord said unto me. Say not I am a child : for thou shalt go to all that I shall send thee, and whatsoever I command thee thou shalt speak. 8 Be not afraid of their faces : for I am with thee to deliver thee, saith the Lord. 9 Then the Lord put forth his hand, and touched my mouth. And the Lord said unto me. Behold, I have put my words in thy mouth. 10 See, I have this day set thee over the nations and over the kingdoms, to root out, and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, TO BUILD, AND TO PLANT. 11 Moreover the word of the Lord came unto me, saying, Jeremiah, what seest thou ? And I said, I see a rod of an al- mond tree. 12 Then said the Lord unto me. Thou hast well seen : for I will hasten my word to perform it. 13 And the word of the Lord came unto me the second time, saying, What seest thou ? And I said, I see a seething pot ; and the face thereof is toward the north. 14 Then the Lord said unto me, Out of the north an evil shall break forth upon all the inhabitants of the land. 15 For, lo, I will call all the families of the kingdoms of the north, saith the Lord ; and they shall come, and they shall set every one his throne at the entering of the gates of Jerusalem, and against all the walls thereof round about, and against all the cities of Judah. PRELIMINAKY OUTLINE. 181 16 And I will utter my judgments against them touching all their wickedness, who have forsaken me, and have burned in- cense unto other gods, and worshipped the works of their own hands. 17 Thou therefore gird up thy loins, and arise, and speak unto them all that I command thee : be not dismayed at their faces, lest I confound thee before them. 18 For, behold, I have made thee this day a defenced city, and an iron pillar, and brasen walls against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests thereof, and against the people of the land. 19 And they shall fight against thee ; but they shall not pre- vail against thee ; for I am with thee, saith the L(j'.;i;, to deliver thee. This single chapter compasses the whole ' ' Times of the Gentiles," and from the 11th to the 17th verses, its significance is still future — aye, even in OUR OWN immediate future, i. e., must termi- nate with this current century ! But all the preceding verses, 1-10, concerned Jeremiah himself. In this connection, the last paragraph — ''to huild, and to plant ^^ — of verse 10, deserves special attention. Finally the closing verses, 17-19, amount to an explicit guarantee of personal immunity from all serious bodily harm to Jeremiah himself. In view of them it is manifest that all the legends with which his disaj)pearance has been attributed to eventual martydom, current among Jews and Christians, are utterly baseless. It is a choice be- tween Jehovah' s promise, and human ignorance, and there should be no hesitation, so far as relig- 182 CHRONOLOGY OF JEREMIAH. ioiis teachers are concerned, as to which side to support. In the middle of the year of Jeremiah' s ' ' call ' ' JN'abopolassar, who was governing Babylon as an Assyrian province, revolted and was crowned as the independent king of Babylon. The date of his accession synchronizes with the beginning of the Sacred year (7th month of 3377 A. M.), and with it the ''Babylonian Era" commences. Nab- opolassar reigned thus independently for 21 years, and was succeeded by his son, Nebuchadnezzar, in the year 3398 A. M., w^hose own years lag a little on the sacred calendar. Previous to the accession of Nebuchadnezzar, Jehoiahaz had been dethroned by Pharaoh Necho (3395 A. M.), and taken to Egypt, and his brother Jehoiakim placed ujion the throne of Judah. The latter paid tribute to Necho until the first year (3398 A. M.) of Nebuchadnezzar, who then "smote'- Necho, and ended his reign (Jer. xlvi. 2). For three years thereafter Jehoiakim was a faithful tributary to Babylon, but in his 8tli year he rebelled, and renewed his EgyjDtian alliance, Psammetichus II being the reigning Egyptian Pharaoh, and then in the 6th or final year of his reign. These circumstances forced the Babylo- nians to renew their attention to Syrian affairs, and brought about the situation with which we shall commence this preliminary digest. Incident upon the rebellion of Jehoiakim, and the prosxjective alliance of Judah and Egypt, PRELIMINARY OUTLINE. 183 came the accession of Pharaoh Hophra to the throne of the latter kingdom, in 3405 A. M., and the first half of this calendric year, which marked the closing months of JS^ebuchadnezzar' s 7th year, found the armies of the latter marching into Pal- estine in order successfully to complete several tasks. Early in the next year, 3406 A. M., Jehoiakim having reigned 11 years, was quickly overthrown by the bands of Babylonians and their allies (2 Kgs. xxiv. 2), and died a prisoner (2 Kgs. xxiv. 6) in his fetters (2 Chron. xxxvi. 6), before he could be sent to Babylon with the rest of the captives. In the meantime (3405) Nebuchadnezzar had de- voted his personal attention to the Egyptian com- plications of the situation, had cleared the land throughout its length and breadth of their armies, and having finally succeeded in forcing them back into their own country, had left the borders heav- ily patrolled (2 Kgs. xxiv. 7). It was soon after this juncture that Psammetichus II was succeeded in Egypt by Pharaoh Hophra. The death of Jehoiakim quickly followed. This latter event naturally resulted in the succession of his own son, Jehoiachin, then 18 years old, to the throne of Judah, and drew the personal atten- tion of Nebuchadnezzar, now free from all Egyp- tian complications, particularly to the city of Je- rusalem. He therefore (3406 A. M.) came up against it immediately (2d Kgs. xxiv. 10, 11). 184 CHRONOLOGY OF JEREMIAH. Jehoiachin' s reign covered the last quarter of the current sacred year, and ran 10 days into the 1st month of the next ; all of which was covered by the latter part of Nebuchadnezzar's eighth year, it being now the middle of 3406 A. M. The renewed siege of the city seems to have covered this entire reign of Jehoiachin, and in general terms the Babylonian operations in Syria, now under consideration, occupied the last half of the 7tli and the whole of Nebuchadnezzar' s 8th year of personal reign. The chances of Jerusalem, which were hopeless from the start, now reached their crisis, and, as the sacred year drew to its close, Jehoiachin him- self made up his mind to surrender. The new sacred year comm.enced, and with its return Neb- uchadnezzar sent his ultimatum to him. The city was smitten or broken up on Thursday the 9th, and upon Friday the lOtli day of this first sacred month, Jehoiachin went out and surrendered un- conditionally. The next day. Sabbath, 11th, of 1st sacred month, 3406, thus marks the beginning of the Captivity, /. e., its first day's ending. The king of Babylon now made Mattaniah, the son of Josiah, the tributary king in Jehoiachin' s place, and changed his name to Zedekiah,in com- memoration of the oath then and there exacted from him in Jehovah's name, to loli: that he should give up the Egyptian alliance, and thence- forth remain a faithful vassal of Babvlon. PRELIMIISrARY OUTLINE. 185 This compact made, Nebuchadnezzar withdrew his armies, and returned to his capital, carrying with him the first group of prisoners recorded by Jeremiah, his own eighth year of reign ending with his departure, and it being still the center of 3406 A. M- For a few years Zedekiah preserved his integ- rity, but under pressure of a strong party, who were consx)iring to recover the Egyptian alliance, he at last broke his oath, and made overtures to Pharaoh Hophra Two years later Nebuchad- nezzar' s armies returned and came up to Jerusa- lem with the resolution to destroy it utterly. From this point the dates of Ezekiel's prophe- cies accompany the events at Jerusalem, but, having already quoted them in a previous section of this Chronology, we shall now follow more particularly those of Jeremiah, who, as the spe- cial " Prophet of the Nations," and as one not yet vindicated — as to the fulfillment of the most im- portant part of his mission — it behooves us to jus- tify, and whose Chronology we shall set in order. Space will not permit us to quote the texts re- ferred to, but the running commentary will ex- plain their gist, while it is of course incumbent uj^on the student to satisfy himself , by referring to the original. " Thou shall go lo all that I shall send thee, and whatsoever I command thee thou shall speaJc. Be not a/ raid of their faces ; for I am with thee to deliver thee, saiththe Lord.^' — Jer. i. 7-8. CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE LATTER PART OP JEREMIAH'S LIFE AS RE- CORDED IN THE BIBLE. 3415 A. M. 581 B. C. XIYth year of Hebrew cycle, 10th montli (4th civil), 10th day, Sunday. The armies of Nebuchadnezzar arrive and be- siege Jerusalem. Jer. xxxix. 1 ; lii. 4. (Comp. Ez. xxiv. 1-2.) Jeremiah sent by the Lord with a message of advice and comfort to Zedekiah. Jer. xxxiv. 1-7. Who thereupon causes a covenant of freedom to be made (perhaps at Passover?) Jer. xxxiv. 8-10. Pharaoh' s army now comes to the rescue (Jer. xxxvii. 5), and The Egyptians capture Gaza. Jer. xlvii. 1-7. Whereifpon the Babylonians raise the siege of Jerusalem and depart to meet them. Jer, xxxvii. 5. 188 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. Zedekiah sends a petition to the prophet. Jer. xxxvii. 3-4. Whose reply is dictated by the Holy Spirit. Jer. xxxvii. 6 10. But Zedekiah and his princes break their cove- nant. Jer. xxxiv. 11. And Jeremiah denounces them. Jer. xxxiv. 12-22. The Prophet now attempts to go into the land of Benjamin. Jer. xxxvii. 11-12. But is seized, falsely accused, brought before the princes, chastised, and cast into a prison which was in the house of Jonathan the Scribe. Jer. xxxvii. 13-15. This incarceration seems to have been unusu- ally severe. He was evidently treated as a rank political offender and traitor, and placed in the cells of the dungeon, where he remained "many days." Jer. xxxvii. 16. This is noticeably a reference to the days of "epact" at the end of the civil year 3415 A. M. (which was not an in- tercalary one, but nevertheless the 22 days then due, to rectify the Calendar, backed up into this year, and were a part of the XYth year of the cycle. Taken broadly the expression has its superficial English meaning, for Jeremiah was a prisoner until released by the Babylonians I) CHRONOLOGY OF JEREMIAH. 189 3416 A. M. 580 B. C. At length, or at the beginning of the new civil year, Zedekiah sent and took him out secretly, and having asked an important question elicited an equally momentous reply. Jer. xxxvii. 17. Jeremiah now requested the king not to send him back to Jonathan' s house. Zedekiah acqui- esced, and directed him to be committed into the court of the prison. Jer. xxxvii. 8-21. While there, in partial freedom, news of Pha- roah's retreat and of the return of Nebuchad- nezzar's army towards Jerusalem was soon fol- lowed by the actual fact, and the renewal of the siege early in the year. This induced Zedekiah to send an official commission to Jeremiah, who returned a message which seems to have been very generally overheard by all the people who were in the vicinity, and the news of which spread everywhere. Jer. xxi. His particular enemies hearing that he had thus advised the people were wroth beyond measure. Jer. xxxviii. 1-3. And now openly sought his life. At their con- tinued insistence Zedekiah at last weakly gave the Prophet into their hands. Jer. xxxviii. 4-5. So the princes took Jeremiah and cast him in- to the dungeon of Malchiah, which was also in 190 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. the court of the prison. Here "Jeremiah sank into the mire.'' Jer. xxxviii. 6. Ebed Melech now appealed to Zedekiah, and by his permission rescued the Prophet, and he was restored to his former quarantine in the court of the prison. Jer. xxxviii. 7-13. After which Jehovah sent a message of safety to Ebed Melech. Jer. xxxix. 15-18. It now appears that the princes were conspir- ing to have Jeremiah re-committed to the house of Jonathan, and had appealed to Zedekiah for permission. They intended to dispose of him. Jer. xxxviii. 26. In the meantime Zedekiah sent for Jeremiah and held an important and final interview, in the principal entry of the Temple. Jer. xxxviii. 14-26. After which the Prophet was re-committed to the court of the prison. Jer. xxxviii. 28. The princes, attempting to investigate this in- terview, were misled, and thereafter were too much occupied with other matters, now at a crisis, to concern themselves about the incarcer- ated Prophet. Jer. xxxviii. 27. In this final period of quiet, which spans the closing days of Zedekiah' s reign (part of 11th year), an important word came to Jeremiah from CHRONOLOGY OF JEREMIAH. 191 the Lord. It led to a notable trausaction, with an equally prophetic significance. This was his purchase, as a ''^Go'eV of Anathoth, and the con- veyance of the deeds, sealed and unsealed, to Baruch, for burial in an earthen vessel, which will yet be found in the land of the ' ' Goels, ' ' even in '^Meath," where they speak with " Goelic " lips ! Jer. xxxii. And yet again as the day of doom drew on, no doubt in the early part of Zedekiah's 11th year, a second, final, and superlatively significant pro- phecy, concerning the impending captivity and eventual return, and a tlirice repeated guaran- tee as to the perpetuity of DavkV s Throne^ came straight from God. Jer. xxxiii. That prophecy meant naught, or it means all that Anglo-Israelites maintain it does, as to "Our Race" and to its line of Monarchs. And now the time of Judah's probation ran fully out. The city fell (3416 A. M., 4th month, 9th day) and the Babylonians entered it. Jer. xxxix. 2-3; lii. 5-6. Thereuj)on Zedekiah and his army fied that night (4th month, 10th day beginning) attempt- ing a sortie through the Babylonian' s lines. Jer. xxxix. 4; lii. 7. But were pursued and captured near Jericho, and eventually brought to Nebuchadnezzar, who 193 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. was himself far away in the North, at Riblah, in the land of Hamath. Jer. xxxix. 5; lii. 8-9. Here he, Nebuchadnezzar, gave such direful judgment upon him, Zedekiah, that the very throne of David seemed to have been shattered I Jer. xxxix. 6-7; lii. 10-11. [Into this error fell even Josephus, and since then, in it have abided all the Doctors of the Hebrew and the Christian Churches, since none of them have seen, and fearlessly maintained that a Throne whose perpetuity is so repeatedly and unconditionally guaranteed by the living Spirit of Inspiration, could not possibly have been brought to naught at this time, no matter how strong the circumstantial evidence thereto may be! " The gifts and callings of God are without revocation" (Rom. xi. 29), his counsels are eter- nal, his covenants secure. The God of Israel is not a man that he should lie (Num. xxiii. 1 9-23). Hence though all men be proved liars, and all the generations of men be convicted of want of faith, yet nevertheless let God b)e true, and his oath to David salted with endurance I] In the meantime the Babylonians under Nebu- zaradan remained and sacked the city. Jer. xxxix. 28. And obedient to the particular^ and notice- ahle orders of Nebuchadnezzar, the chief men of CHRONOLOGY OF JEREMIAH. 193 the Babylonian army inquired diligently for Jer- emiah, who was, of course, still in the court of the prison. Jer. xxxviii. 28. News of his situation having at length reached them, they sent and took him out. Jer. xxxix. 13-14 (so far as the word prison inclusive). And, for the purpose of temporary safety, appear to have sent him bound with all the other prisoners to the general rendezvous at Ramah. Jer. xl. 1. Here he was probably released from his fetters, and held to await the official action of Nebuzara- dan. At this Ramah, all the captives were rap- idly collected, and such as were adjudged not worth carrying away were placed under the charge of Gedaliah, whom Nebuzaradan located at Mizpah, and made the governor of the subju- gated province. Jer. xl. 7. A month later the destruction of the city was completed (the burning lasted from the 7th day to the 10th). Jer. xxxix. 8; lii. 12-14. (Josephus). Nebuzaradan' s preparations for departure were now made, and pursuant to Nebuchadnezzar's original command concerning Jeremiah. Jer. xl. 2-4. The general sent for him, and after a confer- ence gave him an unconditional release, under circumstances of special and peculiar favor. Jer. xxxix. 11-12. 194 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. But Jeremiah was eventually advised to report to Gedaliah, and was dismissed with a gift. Jer. xl. 5 (compare Jer. xxxix. 14 from after word "prison" to "home'' inchisive). This advice Jeremiah elected to follow, so he departed, and came to Mizpah. Jer. xl. 6. A¥here he dwelt. Jer. xl. 6; xxxix. 14. With Gedaliah and the people. Jer. xxxix. 10. Whom the Babylonians left behind them. Jer. lii. 16. Then Nebuzaradan left Palestine with his cap- tives. Jer. xxxix. 9. And en route came up to Riblali. Jer. lii. 15. Where Nebuchadnezzar still held the head- quarters of his operations against all Syria, and where certain of this final group of prisoners were also put to death by Nebuchadnezzar. Jer. lii. 17-23, 24-27. As soon as the hosts of Nebuzaradan had de- parted, all the fugitives secreted in the region gathered to Gedaliah. Jer. xl. 7-12. And among them came Ishmael, whom Johanan secretly exposed to Gedaliah as a traitor. Jer. xl. 13-15. But to no purpose, and the civil year ended. Jer. xl. 16. CHEONOLOG.Y OF JEREMIAH. 195 3417 A. M. 579 B. C. The events which followed upon the opening of the J^ew year, are now detailed in their natural sequence in the book of Jeremiah. Jer. xli; xlii; xliii. In the meanwhile it will be well to notice the verse with which this straight account opens. " Now it came to pass in the 7th month that Ishmael -^ ^ * came to Gedaliah ^ ^ ^ and they did eat bread together in Mizpah." Jer. xli. i. This was the civil JVew year feast. The sacred year, or calendar, always begins in March, and once in three years coincides, aj^proximately, with the Vernal Equinox. Hence the seventh month here alluded to, being sacred, corresponds to the 1st civil month, or the month after the Autumnal Equinox. This too, is fully borne out by the fact that the fruits had ripened (Jer. xl. 10) had by this time been garnered and winter was approaching. Jer. xl. 12 ; xli. 8. It was thus at a new year feast that the traitor Ishmael, slew Gedaliah ; and, by seizing the King's Daughters soon after, attempted to sup- port his own ^pretentions to the succession^ by an alliance which would have guaranteed them ! It is also to be noticed that this particular year was the opening one of the new cycle, and the intercalary month had just been scored cif 196 THE VOICE OF HISTOKY. upon both the sacred and civil calendars of (3416), in order to bring them into harmony, and to make their first day a first day of the week, as well as the first day of the first month after the Autumnal Equinox. It was a high feast with much to be thankful for up to Ishmael' s act of murderous treason and usurpation. Such chronology as this is beyond the ' ' higher criticism" (Selah I) andean no more be shaken by '^job'' and "hobby" chronologists than the planets can be shaken from their orbits. It not only scorns the leaven of the Pharisees, but defies the closest efforts of astronomy to prove it at all in error. And finally it stamps the Record as true history, with the indubitable seal of Di- vine authority. The xli., xlii., and xliii. chapters of Jeremiah detail the incidents that followed this act of trea- son, and the close of their recital finds the Jewish colony settling in Egypt. "All the people of the land" seem to have joined in this exodus, for when, a few years later, Nebuzaradan returned to the land to punish it for not sending tribute, and to wreak vengeance upon the Ammonites for aiding and abetting Ish- mael, he found the land so empty that by scour- ing it he could secure but 745 Jews (Jer. Hi. 30). CHRONOLOGY OF JEREMIAH. 197 The very first act of Jeremiah, on arriving at Tahpanhes, where his own little remnant, consist- ing of Baruch, Ebed Melecli, Zedekiah's DAUGHTERS, and a few trusty adherents, were placed by Hophra's kindness, was to bury the "great stones" beneath the clay of the brick- kiln as a "sign" that Nebuchadnezzar should spread his pavilion over them, and set his throne upon them. The rest of the Jewish colony set- tled at Daphne, near by, where they gradually fell into the worship of Astarte. In the meantime the siege of Tyre went on. Hophra's diversion against Nebuchadnezzar, by sea, reaped its reward, and reduced that of Nebu- chadnezzar, and at length Pharaoh's Lybian ex- pedition started upon its disastrous undertaking. 3428 A. M. 567 B. C. At last the 13th year of Tyrian obstinacy came, and the proud city by the sea fell beneath the battering rams of the Babylonians. It was at this juncture that Jeremiah went to the feast at Daphne, and having pronounced Jehovah's displeasure, and the certain doom of all the Astarte worshippers, predicted the subjuga- tion of Egypt to Babylon, and, as a "sign," an- nounced the impending fall of Hophra(Jer. xliv). Of course he was ridiculed ; but, confident of his own mission and inspiration, he returned at once to Tahpanhes, and prepared for his own secret exodus, for he must have known that his 198 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. original commission had its better i)art in store for him, and was at last about to materialize. The Egyi)tian sky at this time was unclouded, and the doomed Pharaoh, although not without powerful enemies, was at the height of his glory. No one in that land, not even the most radical of the hostile political faction, could have antici- pated wdiat was even then, at the very moment of Jeremiah's utterance, transpiring in foreign lands. At last, and only at the rate at which news could travel in that early day, the fact of Neb- uchadnezzar's victory at Tyre, which portended the immediate transfer of his long delayed atten- tion to Egypt, and of the utter failure of Hophra' s Lybian exx)edition, arrived together. 3430 A. M. 566 B. C. In the quickly succeeding confusion, incident upon the actual arrival of the Babylonians, and the internecine rebellion of Ahmes, the Book of Jeremiah ends, and the prophet himself and his chosen and favored remnant disappear I But so, too, Jonah disappeared, — from those who cast him overboard, — yet none the less Jeho- vah found conveyance for him, which, though strange, enabled him to prosecute his mission, and perform the will of Gfod. Jeremiah's disappearance from Eastern and Sacred History is the eery reason lohy ice should looli for him in the Secular History of the THE CHRONOLOGY OF JEREMIAH. 199 West. And in this western history we find him touching first at Spain, 3434 A. M. 562 B. C. And resting finally in the westernmost of the Western Isles. There he fulfilled his ' ' mission ; ' ' there he "built" and "planted;" there, too, his dust awaits its resurrection, in the Isle of Davenish. 5889 A. M. Monday, September 22d, 1890, A. D. And there, finally, honor, and renown, and worthy reputation, await the successful spades of such archaeologists as shall turn our tardy attention to the neglected tomb of Teali Tephi, and demon- strate unto the world whose Havp it was that was touched by David' s Daughter within the halls of Tara! Would that for every dollar spent in digging- bricks out of the ruins of Babylon a dime might be forthcoming to explore this western mine of untold wealth, for if an indirect corroboration of the Scriptures be so valuable, in days of doubtful faith, what shall we say to such a lead as bids fair to reveal the very Ark of Israel ! The mystery of God's Romance is well nigh consummated. " The Tender Twig " planted by 200 THE VOICE OF HISTORY the Lost Prophet has spread abroad, until to-day the whole earth dwells beneath its far expanded groAvth. The "Riddle" of Ezekiel (chap, xvii.) has yielded up its secret, and the Anglo-Saxon Race — "Our Race'' — is about to stand forth in its final role as indeed Jeshurun, "a jDeople saved by the Lord." It is thus with peculiar interest, in these hurrying days of the transition, that we are able to glance backward to the clos- ing days of that prophet who was chiefly con- cerned in the transplanting and set their calendar in order. " T^ THE END OF THE AGE," OK THE LAST CHAPTER IN THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE "TIMES OF THE GENTILES." ''And he said, Go thy way Daniel: for the words are closed, up and sealed till the time of THE end/' — Dan. xii. 9. ^' For the vis ion is yet for an appointed, time, hut at the end it shall spealx, and not lie : Al- though it tarry, wait for it ; Because it will SUTJELY COME, — IT WILL NOT TARKY." — Hol). a. 3. "THE END OF THE AGE. It will have been manifest to the candid reader of the foregoing volume that the object of the writer is two-fold. 1st. He has been actuated by a desire to vindicate to the human judgment the reasonableness of the Biblical Chronology, and thus to persuade it, if so be it is possible, to investigate this wondrous volume with more of the spirit of faith and veneration, and less of that which dominates this age of doubt. 2nd. The chief object has been to advance ui3on the irre- fragible foundation of an astro -historical chron- ology, from which there is no escape, the far more momentous conclusions and warnings it has for the day and generation in which we live. Between the Autumnal Equinox, which marks the publication of this volume, and the one which marked the "Mosaic Creation," detailed in Genesis i., and tabulated in the accompanying table, there extend exactly 5889 Solar years, reckoned from Equinox to Equinox ; and all the dates given in this volume belong to the one and only sequence of days and cycles which stretches between them and looks on beyond to time yet future. In' succeeding Studies of this Series, we hope to add numerous chronological tables to those in this 204 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. one, and particularly do we desire to carry the main line itself, by means of the iDrincipal Biblical dates, from Creation down to the close of the Scriptural Canon, and from thence, by means of authenticated secular history, and the astronom- ical cycles, down to our present day. In this undertaking w^e solicit the support and patronage of earnest men, and promise in return that the finished tables Avill shed an entirely new light upon the Scriptures. This effort is under- taken in the spirit of wdiat in "Study Number One ' ' w^e have already defined as ' ' the Highest criticism," in contradistinction to its halting pre- decessor — the so-called "higher criticism.'' With the latter we have no sympathy — it has now become historically objectionable, its animus is evil, its library is apologetic, and its teachers should be rigidly catechised upon their Articles of Faith (1 John iv. 1-3). We have fully set forth the superlative accu- racy with which ' ' Moses and the Prophets ' ' wrote, and the scheme upon which the whole Biblical record is laid down. We have purposely concentrated our studies upon its most momentous period — "The Baby- lonian Era" — since it is the earliest absolute origin- of the "Times of the Gentiles," now apparently drawing to their close, with all that THIS IMPORTS ! It now remains to draw^ w^ a scheme which shall concisely show^ the hither end of the Scale, THE END OF THE AGE. 205 CEEROlSrOLOaY. XHE BIRTHDAY OK TIMK. The Historical and Scientific Starting Point. Fear 1 Astronomical, or A. M. 1656 before the Flood, 255554 before Joshua's Long Day. . First Day, -^ •^ Second Day, ® Third Day, !> Fourth Day, ■g Fifth Day, ^ Sixth Day, ^ Seventh Day, Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Second Week -^ Second Sabbath. . . . |^ Third Week { Third Sabbath. . . . [ f Fourth Week ^ Fourth Sabbath. . . . [ Part of Fifth Week. . . ®5 5889 Solar Years before the Autumnal Equinox of 1890 A. D. 1st Civil Month, Autumnal Equinox. << I. The cycle of the Hours begins. II. 'I he Solar year begins with the the first day of the week (apply Solar cycle as a test). III. The ancient Solar cycle begins, seven Lunar years. (Antedi- luvian) intercalated. IV. Common Team of Eclipses be- gins. V. The Lunar cycle begins, i.e., Metonic. VI. A Moon begins agreeing with ours. VII. Scriptural History begins. No dates fail to accord with this "line of time." VIII. The maximum cycle of Eclipses begins. IX. Proved by the transits of Venus. X. Proved by the transits of Mer- cury. XI. Prophetic times and cycles commence. XII. The week begins, agreeing with present sequence. XIII. All the rectified dates of secular history corroborate this date. XIV. The Equinoxes agree thereto. XV. The genealogies of the Bible agree. XVI. Finally, all astronomy and history that does not agree thereto is necessarily bogus. Beyond it there is nothing ''pre- historic"— geology, evolution, and disbelief to the contrary notwithstanding. "In the beginning,*^ of which Moses wrote the ci ncentrated activities of " Elohlra " laid the strata of the earth as Bet forth In Genesis, and we have no ex post facto basis upon which to judge the results. Chronology cor- roborates the account. This Is suf- ficient. 2u6 ^ tup: voice of jiistoky. and to synchronize the several subordinate sets of "Times " against it so that the warning which it utters may be read by "one that runs." If the point from which we start the scale (3377 A. M.) cannot be shaken, — and the author is satisfied that it cannot, so long as the Solar System preserves its astronomical integrity ; and if the scale to be employed is that of the solar years (for the lunar years ran out in 1824 A. B.), — then the point to which it is progressing is the Crisis of the Human Race. Upon far less evidence than what he has set forth in this volume the writer would not hesitate to become a Jonah to a Nineveh ; certainly he can be fairly accredited with honesty of purpose, and concern in premises that seem to affect the future not only of his own '^ Race " but of all mankind as well ! With these few final words he therefore sub- mits the accompanying modern terminus of the scale, which, measured by the same units, compre- hends the ' ' Seven Times ' ' of Gentile Rule, and synchronizes its last seven years Avitli the com- mon A. D. Calendar. It is a practical diagram, and compasses "The End of the Age:" it stands in natural apposition to the Starting- Post OF "Time" above given, and between these two termini all the history of Our Race, from Eden to the "consummation of all things," must find appropriate place. U4 O < T h O Q LO -P9?T- 00 ojll''. 05 OS Oi OS 1S^O>S«? 05 05 OJ OJ O O O 00 00 OL)g4 OO 00 00 00 5S.«OD'S|goO 00 00 00 » "», <» lllllll il|||Jg||||||l1llfellllllllllll;llllE!llfe ^fell .S " L^_L I [.■ a> I £5-3 -<-i^i?|g° ililp;-*- "g OJ 5 ^1 £5 S ^^3 » 1 5- i H 6 fl 1 s- si s- - a I -ii i S' .■ &• O|G|_O^|Gjo|o|G|o^OEO|0|o|o|oto|oio|o|o|o|0|o|o|o|0|o|o|o|o|o|o|G|o|o|o|o|G|G|^ M^l- THE END OF THE AGE. 207 As a student of chronology of many years' standing, and as one quite familiar witli other systems, he does not hesitate to pronounce the one herein followed to be the only correct sys- tem. Not because it is his own, for this he disavows. It is God' s own, so near as human study has yet compassed it, . and it is the logical outcome of a Human Science which has not stultified itself with "Infidelity." The times are now short and their Signs are all completed save a single one — the manifestation of ' ' Ho Anomos " " That Lawless One ' ' (2d Thess. ii. 8), whose synonym in the same language gives us the familiar neologism, "Ho Anarchos'' — (THE ANARCHIST)— and these short days (a year and a half) are the sole days of grace THAT YET REMAIN TO US. For wheu that One, "The Mystery of Iniquity," in its final phase shall have begun his reign, the Holy Spirit, which hitherto has withstood it (2 Thess. ii. 6), will have withdrawn ! (7. ) From that dread moment onward we must date the "Crreat Tribulation" which is the Time of ' ' the Harvest. ' ' It is therefore with deep concern that the author submits the accompanying table, which so inevi- tably results from the dread j)remises he has been able to establish, and leaves to those who will con- sider it, and to whom this volume is dedicated, THE END OF THE AGE. 207 As a student of chronology of many years' standing, and as one quite familiar with other systems, he does not hesitate to pronounce the one herein followed to be the only correct sys- tem. Not because it is his own, for this he disavows. It is God' s own, so near as human study has yet compassed it, .and it is the logical outcome of a Human Science which has not stultified itself with "Infidelity." The times are now short and their Signs are all completed save a single one — the manifestation of "Ho Anomos" "That Lawless One'^ (2d Thess. ii. 8), whose synonym in the same language gives us the familiar neologism, "Ho Anarchos'' — (THE ANARCHIST)— and these short days (a year and a half) are the sole days of grace THAT YET REMAiis^ TO US. For wheu that One, "The Mystery of Iniquity," in its final phase shall have begun his reign, the Holy Spirit, which hitherto has withstood it (2 Thess. ii. 6), will have withdrawn ! (7. ) From that dread moment onward we must date the "Great Tribulation" which is the Time of "the Harvest." It is therefore with deep concern that the author submits the accompanying table, which so inevi- tably results from the dread premises he has been able to establish, and leaves to those who will con- sider it, and to whom this volume is dedicated, 208 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. the task of drawing from it such warning as they may. I am deeply indebted to another Yale profes- sor for the true insight into this ii. chapter of 2 Thessalonians, which is hereinbefore set forth. This chapter is the veritable key to what is now working, and to what is soon to come to pass. That which "letteth" or resists, or hindereth the "Spirit of EviV^ is the Holy Spirit, and not the Roman Empire ! "The Comforter" was sent to us after the Saviour's Ascension, to be with the Church of Christ until the end. Progressive interpretation of the Word now suggests the awful certainty that the Holy Spirit, grieved beyond endurance, will withdraw before the Second Advent ! With it "the Elect" will probably be "caught up," to join the returning Saviour in the air. But ' ' woe to the inhabiters of the earth ' ' (Rev. xii. 12) when "the wise virgins" disap- pear ! The ' ' foolish ' ' ones will then be truly surrounded by a pack of wolves, for when the Holy Spirit "withdraws itself" man must literally face tlie Incarnate Devil ! CONCLUSION. THE GENERAL SKELETON OF "THE TIMES OF THE GENTILES." A SOLI-LUNAR HARMONY, 2S20 YEARS. ' ' For this is the Day of the Lord God of Hosts ^ a Day of Vengeance^ that he may avenge Mm of his adversaries; and the sword shall devour and it shall he satiate^ and he made drunk with their hlood; for the Lord God of Hosts hath a sacrifice in the north country hy the river Euphrates. ^ "^ ''But fear thou not^ my servant Jacoh^ and he not dismayed^ Israel; for hehold, I vnll save thee from afar off^ and thy seed from the land of their captivity ; and Jacoh shall return and he at rest and at ease^ and none shall make him afraid. ' ' Fear thou not Jacoh my servant, saith the Lord, for I am with thee, for I will make a full end of all the nations whither I have driven thee, hut I will not make a full end of thee, hut correct thee in measure; yet will I not leave thee wholly unpunished.^' {Jer. xlvi. 10, 27-28.) THE CONCLUSION OF THE MATTER. We have now reviewed, upon a scientific basis, some of the chronological inferences to be drawn from the rectified "scale of time." In our final table we present a general survey of the chapter which is now of chief importance. Manifestly it behooves the ''Church" to be prepared. It is idle to say, in the face of these facts, that the beginning of the end does not synchronize with the issue of this present volume ; it is equally idle to maintain that it does. However mis- quoted, therefore, the present author may here- after be, he wishes to place on record a fair statement of his position, to wit : (a) In view of the Saviour's own command (Mark xiii. 33), it is our duty to be ready. . {h) In the spirit of Daniel ix. 2, it is equally our right and duty to study ' ' by books the num- ber of the years." {c) In the same way as Daniel's efforts were at length rewarded (Dan. x. xi. xii.), we may hope for general light. (5) In the meantime we are expressly told that no one need doubt his senses when the thing is nigh, even at the doors (Mark xiii. 28-30). There can be no doubt that this is so to-day. 212 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. {e) And we are also assured that this dispensa- tion (this "Israel," this Age of the "Goyim" or "Gentiles," this "Era of Evil," typified by Baby- lon, and dating from her correct origin, ' ' shall not pass away till all these things be fulfilled ' ' (Mark xiii. 30). (/) Now the scheme of Chronology which we endorse, and which squares itself against history and astronomy, must remain unimpugned what- ever happens, and if we have applied our proph- etic scale to the correct beginning^ then is it equally manifest that it reaches the proper end^ and therefore must span all else that lies between us and that termination. {g) If the Times of the Gentiles, of which Neb- uchadnezzar and Ms father^ quite as much as Nebuchadnezzar and his sons, stood for "the head of gold," began in 3377 A. M., they end in 5897 A. M. (or at our March, 1899); and it need not surprise the Church that such a truth should be revealed, in its proper season, since we are told (Hab. ii. 2-4) that "in the end" it shall be "plain" to one "that runs," the which Daniel also fully endorses (xii. 4-8, 9). Nor dare we hesi- tate to avow our positive conviction that the time is even now upon us. ill) Yet let no weak vessel hereby be over- turned, so that its quantum of faith be spilled, if, by the Grace of God, these days be still fur- ther lengthened, and so another soul be added to his sheaves. In other words, we must point out CONCLUSION OF THE MATTER. 213 that it is possible (although from the consum- mate way the scales of Prophecy and History harmonize when adjusted from 3377 A. M., we must confess it is not at all probable)^ the commence- ment of the Solar Era may eventually be measured from Nebuchadnezzar's own second year, i. e., from 3399 A. M. It was in this year that he dreamed the vision which was taken as the "type" (Dan. ii. 1), and it was unto him per- sonally thsit Daniel said (36-38) ''Thou art this head of gold." (/) By no possible method of interpretation can we slide the scale of 7 Times or 2520 Pro- l^hetic years, down that of fixed chronology, be- yond this final point, and to do so would increase our ' ' margin of grace ' ' by only 22 years. (J) We have said that this "increment" is not probable. This is of course only our own judgment, but it is founded upon a collateral survey of numerous other prophecies, whose in- terpretation seem inevitably to focus upon the end of this century, and not to span over into the next. {7c) Nebuchadnezzar was, and is, "this head of Gold." In Solar time the 2520 years com- mence with the Chaldee Babylonian Era, and run out in 1899 A. D., but in their personal applica- tion to Nebuchadnezzar himself, they clearly de- layed, until no longer able to resist his besetting sin of pride he boasted in his palace, and ex- claimed : 214 THE VOICE OF HISTORY. ' ' Is not this great Babylon which I have builded for the house of the kingdom, by tlie might of my power, and for the honor of my majesty?'' And, ' ' While the word was in the king' s mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, King Nebuchadnezzar, to thee it is spoken ; The king- dom is departed from thee." Dan. iv. 30-31. From this time the vision of the Image ' ' speaks " ! A consultation of the accompany- ing general diagram will demonstrate the fact : for seven years the king, as a type, was insane, for half a year he recovered his reason and acknowledged his sin in an epistle unto all na- tions. Then, his problem solved, he died ; and the times betokened by the vision, and the tyi)e, began their shorter, lunar course. From 3444 A. M. to 5888 A. M. inclusive (2445 solar years, or exactly 2520 lunar years), the "times" repeat upon an included scale, and run out at the Autumnal Equinox of 1890 A. D. They are ended ! Just ended ! And now a pause of a year, and of a half a year, come in be- tween them and the final seven which are to antitypify all that heretofore has taken place. These final seven, tJie reign of Anti-Christ, consummately complete the scheme and make it SoLi-LuNAR to the last degree. Stood we condemned to an inevitable death, upon one-thousandth part of the certainty in- volved in these calculations, we would all be en- grossed in setting our affairs in order, and shall THE CONCLUSION OF THE WHOLE MATTER OR A GENERAL SKELETON OF "THE GENTILE TIMES AS 8BT FORTH UPON THB BIBLICAL OR SACRED "CALENDAR." TRUE A. M. TEARS. 63^ 45^ I I r ^ 3377M 3399 3433 3434 .34351^ 34361^ 34371^ 34381^ 34391^ 34401^ 3441K •-3442^ ' ' And because the Bridegroom was lo7ig away they all slumbered and slept." — Math. xxv. (The true translation as rendered by the best Greek scholars.) Dan. ii. Dan. iii. Neb's Vision.— Dan. iv. 28-33. Dan. iv. 1-27. 1^7 Nebuchadnezzar's "INSANITY." N. B.-The central point of the whole era Is 4636 A.M. Dan. iv. 28-33. Neb.'s Epistle to all Nations Written. Vide Dan. iv. 34-37. HABAKKUKX Chap. 11. 3. ; 2445^ 5888 1 \ Mai. iv. 5889 Thk "SHORTENED" 'Seven (Lunar) Times' OP JUDAH. Mercifully Reduced. 4666=Central Year! ( MARK \ VChap.xiil. 20.j 2 Thess. ii. r 7^ L A. D.= 58911^ I 58921^ 5893K I 7 58941^ > ^ 58951^ 58961^ 58971^ 6000 A. M. Rev. xiii. ANTi-CHRiST'S"Dan. ii. REIGN Mark xiii. OP Dan. iii. Dan. xi. The final 7 years mustbefloat'd Into modern A. D. years. Zach. xiv. 00 2 Thess. ii. ^. 18921^ - 31^ HORROR. Rev. iv. xix. S 18983^ To Middle of Year. James V. - 1899)^ Soll-Lunar=1335th year.— Dan. xll. 12. Sometime, from now on, after the final 7 years hive bf>en fully bcRun, and " the Lawless one " has been Identified (2 Thess. 11. 3. 8) Redemption draweth nigh. There is, therefore, now but one Christian motto, •' And what 1 say unto you I say unto all, WATCH !^'-St. Mark xlv. 32. 216 • THE VOICE OF HISTORY. we not awake to an alarm which loudly pro- claims that the DIES IRM is at hand ? {I) And finally; what is it to Thee, O Man,- seeing that thou art enclosed in the net of this final generation anyway? As one of its ''units'' thoic may est pass away to-morrow (James iv. 13-14), and, if with unreplenished lamp thou goest, then, clearly, thine own equation will be as fully solved as if perchance the Lord's coming fell upon this very day, and oil were wanting in thy vessels. It is to this end chiefiy that we have supple- mented our own earnest testimony in behalf of things so meet for the consideration of ' ' Our Race," with seals of sufficient dignity and author- ity to demand respect among Scientists, and so- called ' ' higher critics. ' ' As it is easier to tear down than to build, let now all such as dispute the ' ' Chronology of the Bible ' ' as herein vindicated, produce their own case, and show wherein the spirit which inspired "the Record" has failed to adhere to its own set "times and seasons." But in the meantime let all such as are ' ' wise ' ' perceive the signifi- cance of this conclusion, to wit: that if "Josh- ua's Long Day," and the "Shadow upon the dial of Ahaz ' ' are hereafter to go back into his- tory as integral parts of the now fully vindicated record of "Our Race," then verily unto it do they also raise their voices and unite with all cycles of heaven in A Midnight Cry ! EDITORIALS. ''And Joshua said unto the people^ Sanctify yourselves : for to-morkow the Lord will do wonders among your"* Joshua Hi. 5. 219 0UR RPIGG: ITS ORIGIN AND IXS DESTINY. SERIES I. SEPTEMBER, 1890. NO. 2. EDITORIALS. ' ' The time will come when Bible Prophecy with its Chronology will be confirmed by History in so exact and so signal a manner that malice and infidelity alone will be able to deny its inspiration. Then, too, the world will have had its last say, impiety will have let fall its last masque, intolerance have practiced its last cruelties, superstition descended the lowest round of idolatry, faith won on the scaffold its most brilliant victories, and in presence of the last great revolution History will learn from Prophecy to comi)rehend and to judge itself. The trans- formation which it will experience will be so complete that a very small remnant will be found of what it to-day calls its Philosophy." Thus wrote Frederic de Rougemont, the earnest Swiss pastor, nearly a generation ago, and behold we are already standing upon the threshold of the days to which he alluded. The N"ew Chronology 220 OUR RACE. has come to stay, and nnto it whatsoever of His- tory is worthy of survival must hereafter conform all its references. We dare to say this ex cathedra : for, satisfied that the Bible is insj)ired, even in the sense accepted by the wise of all former ages, and being ready to demonstrate that its hitherto most inexplicable cross references yield without violence to the requirements of this rectified chronology, we risk nothing, save per- haps a chapter or so of modern criticism, in stating our position plainly. That we shall incur a torrent of animadversion for our temerity we ought perhaps to have no doubt, we expect it from the quarters of the arena into which we have hurled the gauntlet, but we ask the audi- ence to require all combatants to raise their visors ere they join the fray so that it may be known from the start upon which side they are truly crossing swords. Hz Hi * As the whole of this present Number of the Our Race Series partakes of the nature of Notes, Queries and Replies, and has a direct bearing upon the Israelitish origin of the Saxon Race, we omit the few pages which would otherwise have been devoted to them. In the meantime we take occasion to thank the numerous correspon- dents who have sent us data of interest touching the subjects advanced for discussion in Study Number One. If the replies and material con- tinue to come in at the present rate we shall in EDITORIALS. 221 time be able to devote an entire volume to them, and promise to present an array of facts and cir- cumstantial evidence which it will be impossible to combat. We are satisfied, however, it will be agreed by all that Chronology is now the chief matter of concern. It is the fundamental basis of all accurate histo- rical investigation, and not until its skeleton has been satisfactorily articulated can we hope to clothe our topic with flesh and nerves, and vital- ize it with the blood of life. Henceforth we shall give all dates in the true chronology — /. e., the Biblical or A. M. years. Those given in Study Number One were upon the common A. D. and B. C. scale, and should be translated into the A. M. scale by means of the table given upon page 113. They must be blind indeed who fail to read the warning written upon the walls of the mod- ern Temple of Theology. In its continued sub- division into sects the Protestant Church has had its strength so decimated that, as the Master long ago predicted, it is doomed to fall (Matt, xii. 25). We Protestants are iDrone to draw invidious comparisons against Rome, while she in turn points out the ever widening breaches which divide our house against itself ! Just where the balance of error actually resides is hard to tell. The fact is the spirit of Laodi- cea presides over the whole city of Modern 222 OUK RACE. Babylon whatever be the particular ward in which w^e dwell, and the cry should now go up throughout all its precincts, "Come out of her my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues ' ' (Rev. xviii. 4). This is the Midnight Cry itself, and it appeals to all "the wise," wherever they are domiciled, to go out to meet their coming Lord, and to take naught with them but that oil which burns with the bright flame of faith in the integ- rity of the whole Bible. That we ourselves are dwelling in this Laodicean Babylon is patent to all Avho are familiar with the methods ui^on wdiich its ^^prhnarles'^ are conducted, nor can we for- tify our assertion better than by quoting once more from our trenchant Swiss pastor, who wrote as follows of a state of the Church, in his day future, but now, alas ! only too realistic : — "The closing Epistle of Christ to the Seven Churches (Rev. iii.) is directed to Laodicea. It corres23onds to the times of Jewish phariseeism and sets forth the state of the Protestant nations at the Lord's return, when there will be little or no true faith left on the earth. The missionary zeal of the Church of Philadelphia, which at one time enflamed the whole mass of reformed Chris- tianity, wdll have subsided into lukewarmness. The whole area will be Christian, and pride itself on its profession. A high standard of morality, an uj) right life, a conservative creed, wdll be never so popular. There will be no open enemy of EDITORIALS. 223 Christ as in Philadelphia, no outspoken infidel ; only phariseeism and lukewarmness, only the happy medium between impiety and pietism. There will be a little faith, but not too much ; a ]3rofession of orthodox principles, confined within wise limits. There will be some fear of God, but much fear of men; great respect for the Bible, but enough good sense to keep men from viewing its doctrines, its precepts and its denunciations in a serious light ; society wholly given to the acquisition of temi3oral blessings, and yet diligent enough in public worship not to doubt the par- doning mercy of God. They will consider them- selves very rich in SiDiritual life, they will even have need of nothing. But the Lord will vomit luTcewann Laodicea from His mouth. He will not fight against her, as against Pergamos and Thyatira, He will not judge her like Sardis ; but He will wholly cast her off with scorn, and leave her to her wallowing in the mire. Still, she is a church, and Oh, mystery of grace ! He even speaks to her of Jove. He counsels her, rebukes her, treats her like a child subjected to salutary discipline : ' I would that thou wert cold or hot.' 'Be zealous, therefore, and repent.' He offers her a cotlyrium^ that she may open her eyes to her icretclied state; the white raiment of His righteousness, that the shame of her nakedness may not appear ; gold tried in the fire of faith, that she may be truly rich. But His offers will not be accepted by the vast majority of the 224 OUR RACE. Laodiceans ; few of them will even hear His voice when He 'stands at the door and knocks' to invite His gnests to the bridal supper. Those, however, who in the midst of the universal apathy have persevered in love to the end, will receive the highest honor of all the faithful : they shall sit down with Jesus on His throne. ' ' The Church of Laodicea is no far-fetched type ; it mirrors the Protestant world to-day, and its distinct presence is not one of the least of the sign-posts that guide the weary pilgrim along his midnight highway." If a tithe of what we have reviewed in this present Study is even approximately right, then certainly this generation is to witness the har- vesting of God' s vineyard, and if, as we believe, it is wholly true, then must this very decade see the scythe thrust in ! ''Now Jordan overhoweth all his banks all the time of harvest," and so, too, doth the river of Prophetic fulfillment inundate the banks whereon those who bear the Ark of Truth are dipping the soles of their feet into "the brim of the water" (Josh. iii. 15). But no matter how its waters swell Israel is to pass over dry shod — the waters must roll back even to the City of Adam, and below us they must fail from their channels, even to the Salt Sea. We must "pass over right against Jericho ! " There are stirring times ahead of us, and ere we may EDITORIALS. 225 count upon a new ' ' division of the land, ' ' a great and terrible DAY is certainly in store for all the earth, a day when those who doubt the truth of Joshua's Long Day are doomed to see Us very opposite take place ! for : "It shall come to pass in that day saith the Lord God, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon^ and I will darken the earth in the clear day "' (Amos viii. 9). ' ' And he said unto me. Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book, for the time is at hand. He that is unjust let him be unjust still : and he that is filthy let him be filthy still : and he that is righteous let him be righteous still : and he that is holy let him be holy still. And behold I come quickly : and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be" (Rev. xxii. 10-12). ^AMEN.sg '^ Woe /or the earth and for the sea : because the devil is gone down to you having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time'' Hec. xil. 12. MISCELLANEOUS. A CARD. Had we the means ^ toe would willingly give a copy of tliese worlis to every Imiman being, hut while this current dispensation lasts^ we are un- fortunately forced to ''sell the truth,^' {Matt. XXV, 1-3), to those loho know its present value. {Prov. xxiii; 23) / THE OUR EACH PUBLISHING CO. (D:B' TPiE OUR RAGE, 171 S, SERIES, AVE WlSir TO CALL ATTENTION TO STUDY NUIVIBKR ONK, ENTITLED THE ROMANCE OF HISTORY: "LOST I SRAEL FODMD." Hi/ Prof, a A. L. TOTTEN, {Yale Univ.): with Introduction by Prof, a PIAZZI SMTTH, {late Astron. Royal, Scot.) A 1 niquc 12ino; 288 Pages; PRICE 75 CENTS. (gnti^ue Q3in6in0. This is pre-eminently THEI volume of the HOUR which is striking upon the dial of the AGES. It treats of the Emergency questions which now lie at the Anglo-Saxon Door, and its clarion summons should arouse our "Royal Race" from apathy and sleep, and accelerate the consummation of its Mission. With significant arithmography the author has concentrated the destiny of this dominant people into an acrostic composed of the vowels of their universal language, A. E. I. O. U. Y. Angliae Est Imperare Orbi Universo Yisraelae. It is for the A nglo- Israelites to dominate the Universe ! Like the Race, of whose history this volume treats, the book itself has a past, a PRESENT, and a FUTURE, and we want earnest agents to put it into earnest hands. The first edition, a limited one, is being rapidly exhausted, and almost every volume called for seeds down an immediate demand for numerous others. All who have read "Our Country,'' by Josiah Strong, should make haste to secure this still more comprehensive survey of our Origin and Destiny. They will save time and insure personal attention by ordering it directly from the publishers. Our Company has been incorporated under the laws of Con- necticut for the express purpose of spreading the truth broached in this open- ing volume; the unusual incidents leading up to this step are fully set forth in the book itself; they will be a revelation to many 1 The volume is popularly written, and its rhythm is in touch not only with its own motif, but with the Zeit-Geist or " spirit of the times." From amorg the commendatious of the few to whom its " Advance Sheets " were submitted we select the following : "It Is so new, so strange, so startling."— Joseph V. Bradley (.Justice U. S. Supreme Court). "But IttLle short of Inspiration."— Rev. Emersou Jessup. " I would not have believed that jou could have put me— a country outsider given to chopping and literary excursus— into such quick and lively rapport with the issues you discuss. Your enthusiasm is catching, and I am sure must catch readers In abundance."— Donald H, Mitchell (Ik iMarvel). "The most reidahle book for the general public yet published."— Rev. Geo. W. Greenwood (late Ed- itor of The Heir of the World). " Will be widely read."— Hon. Edward J. Phelps (Ex-Minister to Great Britain). "I have learned sulVicient to make me ponder and search."— Rabbi A. P. Mendes (Touro Inst., Xewport, R. I., "Kobly written and scripturally founded."'—Prof. C. Piazzi Smyth. "Just the thing needed."— Edward Hine. " Your theme Is a noble one, and one which uught to engage our reverend, careful, humble, long study. If the case can be fairly made out, nothing so noble has crowned all the Scientific, Historic or Scrip- tural research of these wonderful days of ours. It would (as does the presence of the Jews as a distinct Race, and far more, I think, than that) afford a wonderful confirmation of the Sacr^^d Writings, It would be a proof before our very eyes."— W. W. Nlles (Bishop of New Hampshire). " When your books are ready I shall try to spread about a score of them; in the meantime please find $23 to render a little help."— J. W. (This is but one of many letters of a similar generous nature, and in an age who:e mercenary motto is that " Money talks " speaks wiih emphasis \) " I will take One Hundred dollars' worth of the books ; I do not wish them sent to me ; I will go for them myself, and I shall scatter them in every direction."— C. A. G. L*. " I am fascinated with the ' Romance of History.' In my opinion God Is using you to make plain one of His grandest objects In creation."— Chas. W. Carpenter. "lam on the second reading of your book, and it Impresses me more strongly than it did at first."— Thomas Ridgway (F, S. Army). Such testimonials continue to pour in, now that the volume has begun its pilgrimage, and we are convinced that they are simply the "wave bheaves " of a tremendous, harvest Help us to reap it, for we need laborers in the vineyard. Tlie topic is one that comes home to every Anglo-Saxon, and at this juncture, in a special way to every patriotic American, who hereafter may truly say— "I too am of Arcadia." Send price (check, money order, or postal note), with your address to The Our Race Publishing Company, P.O. BOX 1333, NEW HAVEN, CONN. MISCELLANEOUS. 231 WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR. YALE MIL! TARY LEC TURES. Selected from Series of 1890. First Section : National and International. I. (Introductory) Lecture — The Military Outlook at Home and Abroad. II. Military Economy, and the Policy of America. III. The Military Problem of America, with Notes on Sea- coast Defence. IV. Organization, Disorganization, Reorganization, Mobilization. 1 Vol. With Illustra- tions and Tables. 1890. Price 50 cts. Send orders to Editor of " Our Race," P. O. Box 1333, New Haven, Ct. The extra-large editions of the Neic Haven Register, in which these lectures origiually appeared, having been so quickly ex- hausted, they are now reproduced in convenient book form. This is done in order to satisfy the continued demand for them, due, no doubt, not only to the novel treatment of the topic of the Second Lecture, but probably more particularly to the Pro- phetico-Historical exegesis of "The Signs of the Times" con- tained in the First. The whol& series is written in the spirit of Anglo-Saxon Identity with Israel, and the response from all quar- ters has shown that the topic is "in touch" with a hitherto deeply latent, but none the less real, American sentiment. " These lectures are valuable historically and economically. They deal with a vast subject, which is of the highest import- ance to the future welfare of this nation. They are written in a popular vein, and are thus brought within the easy understand- ing of all classes of readers, particularly those interested in the political and social questions which concern our progress. We recommend these lectures to the people." — Editorial, New Haven Register, Jan. 13, 1890. *•' The treatment of the subject of your second lecture is origi- nal, and as forcible as it is comprehensive. It is addressed to a larger and more mature audience than those usually found in the class-room; and if the whole course be pitched upon the same key, it will be well worthy of publication in permanent form for 233 OUR RACE. general circulation. "—Fkank G. Smith (Capt. and Bvt. Maj., 4tli U. S. Arty.). "I feel that you are doing a good work, not only for the students, but also for the general public." — H. B. Bigelow (Ex- Gov. Conn.). "It is no new thing to find military men interesting them- selves in studies and speculations of this nature, — witness the case of the late Gordon Pasha, — and so there is no real occasion for surprise in the circumstance that Lt. Totten ... is combiuiDg with his more commonplace and matter-of-fact function that of an expounder of the prophetical writings. He looks to see the existing governments of Europe give place to democracies, which will speedily run into atheistical anarchies (such as the Paris Commune gave us a glimpse of nineteen years ago), and fill the Old World with bloodshed, renewing on a vaster scale, and sur- passing, the butcheries of the French Terror. One of the lessons deduced by the lieutenant is an eminently practical and profes- sional one. He would have this country fortify its coasts and strengthen its navy betimes, that, when that lurid storm bursts upon the earth, it be not taken unawares and at disadvantage." — Editor Harifm^d Courant, February 11, 1890. STRATEGOS. To which is appended a collection of studies upon Military Statistics as applied to war on Field or Map. 2 vols. Illustrated. D. Appleton & Co. 1880. Price, $3.00. "A careful consideration of the statisiical merits alone of this work will recommend the new line of investigation proposed therein as worthy of the diligent study of all concerned." — Alex. Ramsey, Sec. of War. "After a thoughtful perusal of its contents, I can only add that this very interesting publication, based upon the most care- ful considerations, warrants the possibility of an}^ one following these studies either alone or in company with comrades, from the very simplest tactical evolutions, combinations, manoeuvres, and battle plans, in systematic gradations up to military operations, and also of using the same for the prosecution of the history of the later wars. " — G. Von Moltke (General Field Marshal). MISCELLANEOUS. 23o "It will do much to impart military knowledge and the sci- ence of Strategy to many who without it would never have turned their attention in that direction." — Garnet J. Wolseley. " Concerning your method of Kriegspiel I take pleasure in testifying to the praiseworthy distinctness and excellent sys- tematic order of the material. It contains so many new and practical hints for us, that it was very highly recommended already for general study in the Swiss Military Journal." — H. Bollinger (Colonel, Swiss Mil. Academy, Zurich). • AJ\f IMPORTANT QUESTION. A study of the Sacred Cubit of the Hebrews, as the undoubted origin of Anglo-Saxon measures. 1 vol. Illustrated. John Wiley & Sons, 53 East 10th St. N.Y. 1887. Price, $2.50. " The more I read of Lieut. Totten's writings the more I respect his learning, his ability, his mathematics, his chivalry in the cause, and his religion. I am abstracting just now from his book (Important Question) into mine, so that I may recommend readers to purchase his, and am letting them know where to write for it."— C Piazzi Smyth Ast. Roy., Scotland. "From the scientific standpoint this volume must receive wide attention. There is something so new and startling in its method of treating physical data, that it seems as though an entire scien- tific method had been discovered at once. The volume is a bold challenge to President Barnard and the advocates of the metric system to produce their case and put it upon the same or an equal basis. " — Army and Navy Journal. "After perusing such a volume one can readily comprehend the words of wisdom (xi. 20): ' Thou hast ordered all things in measure, number, and weight.' It is out of the question to review such a work, or to give any consecutive idea of its contents. It is one that every Anglo-Saxon should study for himself." — The Evangelist {N. T.). " If the facts and possibilities suggested by Lt. Totten in this connection are as stated, there can be no doubt of the superiority of our ancient and time-honored system over the one which is striving to supplant it."— i\r. Y. Herald. 234 OUR RACE. " It contains new and startling scientific facts evolved in a most unexpected way from old and familiar things." — N. Y. Mail and Express. " The appendix upon the 'Sacred Cubit ' is an extraordinary study in geometry and algebra, while the volume as a whole is a monument of special learning." — N. Y. Times. "His system of metrology is cosmical ; to call it ingenious would be a tame meed of praise. It is the development of a genius. " — International Standard. THE FACTS AND FANCIES, LEGENDS AND LORE, OF NATIVITY. Illuminated by Tiffany & Co. Oblong 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, bevelled boards. Price, $5.00. An elegant gift- book. John Wiley & Sons, 53 East 10th St. N. Y. 1887. "This is one of the most unique and interesting volumes that ever came from the American press, ... It is a mosaic of original ideas extending over the whole range of legend and literature, filled with facts and with quaint and curious lore. . . It is no ordinary birthday book, it is an ideal book of Nativities challenging the curiosity of the curious, and furnishing to lovers of gem-lore and sentiment an inexhaustible mine of suggestion, information, and enjoyment." — Extract from review in Education, March 8, 1888. INSTRUCTIONS IN GUARD DUTY. Complete, and for use upon the spot. Prepared for the C. N. Guard. 1887. Lim- ited, Vest-Poeket Edition. Price 25 cts. Address the Author, 77 Mansfield Street, New Haven, Ct. This is literally a vest-pocket companion, covers tbe whole sub- ject in a nut-shell, is accurate, brief, pertinent, and in conformity with the customs of the service. It is just what the National Guardsman needs. It scans every duty, of every grade, in con- cise notes, headlines, and practical reminders, and absolutely suits the circumstances for which it was intended. " It would be a good investment for the Adj.-Gen'l to supply the armories with a few copies of this little work, as it gets at the subject quickly aud closely " — C. R. Dennis (Q. M. G. R. I. M.). MISCELLANEOUS. ^35 "Guard duty showed marked improvement at the last en- campment, and with careful study of the valuable manual ' In- structions in Guard Duty,' by Lieut. Totten, U. S. A., a number of copies of which will be shortly issued to each compauy, still greater Improvement should be shown at the next encampment." — Fred'k E. Camp (Adj. Gen. C. N. G.). "Your book is emphatically one for the 'spot,' and in that respect alone, besides the very thorough way in which the ground is covered, it deserves all that has been said of it." — Robert N. Rolfe (Capt. N. H. K. G.). ^''^ OF THe'^C^ |TJJTI7EESITY^ h.^ RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT T0>^ 202 Main Librory LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE 2 3 4 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 1 -month loans may be renewed by calling 642-3405 6-month loans may be recharged by bringing books to Circulation Desk Renewals andSgcharqes moy be made 4 days prior to due date Irj E AS STAMPED BELOW -J _ RECEIVED b^ ft o3 a CD JUN i:?db rt z^. CIRCULATION Dfej* ■ rr L I BRARY USaONLY 1 919B7 WQV21 1983 ClRCULATIQf^ DEP_^ iEC.cm. N0V17 '83 RECEIVED BY it^TEh^ mRA SEP 21198 ^pp; 4 ' '-iBo CIReUUtlON DEPT OHTT Of G/'iUr- RP UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKEl FORM NO. DD6, 60m, 3/80 BERKELEY, CA 94720 p GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C. BERKELEY BDDDfiD2fl37 ;?> : L UNIVERSITY OF -CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 5 . ' ^I'^A ^■'t-'WWJ ^i sg.^ >' %^.^.:-.-^^. »r"?T^^-^ "'iife- .?i^ .ti*