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Compiling a Bibliography 
 
 PRACTICAL HINTS 
 WITH ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES 
 
 CONCERNING THE 
 
 COLLECTION, RECORDING, AND ARRANGEMENT OF 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS 
 
 BY 
 
 GEORGE WATSON COLE 
 
 An Address delivered before the Pratt Institute School of Library Training, 
 
 March 15, 1901 ; reprinted, with Additions, from 
 
 The Library Journal 
 
 " A bibliography is to a literature or a subject what an index is to a book. It shows 
 the extent of it, and the amonnt of work that has been bestowed upon it. It brings 
 together the fragments of knowledge, and makes them accessible for every one con- 
 cerned. Next to having knowledge, is knowing where to go for it, and the only 
 enduring guide is a bibliography."— Fbrguson. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 THE LIBRARY JOURNAL 
 
 1902 
 
Compiling a Bibliography 
 
 PRACTICAL HINTS 
 WITH ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES 
 
 CONCERNING THB 
 
 COLLECTION, RECORDING, AND ARRANGEMENT OF 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS 
 
 BY 
 
 GEORGE WATSON COLE 
 
 An Address delivered before the Pratt Institute School of Library Training, 
 
 March 15, 1901 ; reprinted, with Additions, from 
 
 The Library Journal 
 
 " A bibliography is to a literature or a subject what an index is to a book. It shows 
 the extent of it, and the amount of work that has been bestowed upon it. It brings 
 together the fragments of knowledge, and makes them accessible for every one con- 
 cerned. Next to having knowledge, is knowing where to go for it, and the only 
 enduring guide is a bibliography." — Ferguson. 
 
 ^ OF THE \ 
 
 UNlVERSiTY ) 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 THE LIBRARY JOURNAL 
 
 1902 
 
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 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES 
 
 PRINTED FOR 
 
 PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION 
 
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COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 By GkoRGE Watson Cole. 
 
 What do we mean when we make use of 
 the term bibliography? As here understood, 
 a bibliography is a record, in technical form, 
 of all the literature known to exist upon any 
 specific topic or subject. 
 
 "The object of Bibliography," says a writer, 
 well qualified to define that object, "is to 
 bring a book or set of books, in their ab- 
 sence, as much as possible before the student. 
 A perfect bibliography would not only give a 
 full and exact description of a book viewed 
 as just a compound of paper and ink (meas- 
 urements, number of pages, etc.;) but would 
 also, as I hope we are agreed, set before the 
 student so much of the life of a book as 
 would give him, as far as the special object 
 of the bibliography would allow, an idea of 
 the correspondence of the title with the con- 
 tents, of the plan and arrangement, of the 
 circumstances of production — if they are 
 noteworthy — and, roughly, of the place of 
 the volume in the literature of its subject. 
 This ideal, in which the author is recognized 
 as having claims on our attention, as well as 
 the printer, ought never to be lost sight of, 
 and we should, if our scheme and powers 
 allow us, never rest content with the techni- 
 cal description only." (Madan's "On method 
 in bibliography.") 
 
 The compilation of a bibliography is a sub- 
 ject which may be considered from two points 
 of view; the theoretical and the practical. 
 From either standpoint it bristles with tech- 
 nicalities and difficulties and it is quite un- 
 likely that what I may have to say upon it 
 will prove of general interest. While it is 
 true that it appeals to but few minds, it gives 
 me great satisfaction to know that those for 
 whom I am writing are both by experience 
 and training most likely to belong to that 
 small class of which I have just spoken. 
 Some one may ask — why are not library 
 catalogs sufficient for all practical purposes? 
 M'hy does it become necessary to compile 
 
 bibliographies and in what respects are they 
 superior to such catalogs? In reply, it may 
 be justly said, that, for the great mass of 
 people the library catalog answers most in- 
 quiries, but for the scholarly student or writer 
 who wishes to know all that can be learned 
 upon any special subject — one, perhaps, to 
 which he proposes to devote months or years 
 of study, as a Bancroft, a Parkman, or a 
 Motley, who deliberately sits down to write 
 the history of a certain epoch or nation — it 
 will at once be perceived that every source of 
 information, no matter how trivial or insig- 
 nificant, should be placed at his disposal. 
 While the example just given may be ex- 
 treme in its application, the fact remains that 
 there is a large class of writers and readers 
 in search of information upon all conceiva- 
 ble subjects, who wish to pursue the subjects 
 of their search with great thoroughness. Few 
 of these persons have the time or means to 
 travel from library to library, and so famil- 
 iarize themselves with the resources of the 
 largest libraries in the country, and even if 
 they had, few of the catalogs of 'these libra- 
 ries are so constructed as to show all the 
 material upon any given subject which lies 
 hidden in the periodicals, the proceedings of 
 learned societies, and various other compila- 
 tions, which rest upon their shelves. 
 
 The ideal library catalog is that one which 
 shows the entire literary production of every 
 person, and of every work or contribution to 
 every subject in that library, no matter where 
 they may lie hidden. Such a catalog, alasl 
 has but an imaginary existence. If this is 
 true of our largest libraries, which from the 
 very nature of their collections, when com- 
 pared with the entire product of the world's 
 literary activities, must be pitiably incomplete, 
 where shall we look for anjrthing approach- 
 ing completeness of record upon any subject, 
 except in a bibliography especially devoted 
 to that subject? 
 
 10.3565 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 What, therefore, libraries and governments, 
 even, have neglected to accomplish it has fall- ' 
 en upon the shoulders of individuals to do. 
 ,We, therefore, find many contributing their 
 jshare toward surveying and mapping out the 
 great field of knowledge, selecting some spe- 
 cial portion, and giving us the benefit of 
 their knowledge and researches in the form 
 of bibliographies. 
 
 Every bibliographer, while making his in- 
 vestigations should pursue them as if at some 
 future time he intended to write a compre- 
 hensive work upon the subject of his labors, 
 and was simply making a preliminary survey 
 and record of the field, with this as his main 
 purpose constantly in view. In this spirit he 
 will most nearly put himself in the position 
 of those who will consult his completed work, 
 "^he bibliography which fails to most fully 
 record, annotate, and index the literature of 
 its subject in such a manner as to be of the 
 greatest service to the student in any of its 
 various phases, as well as to inform him 
 where a copy of each individual work titay 
 be found, falls short of the bibliographical 
 idealj 
 
 The saying, that the librarian should know 
 something about everjrthing and everything 
 about something, has passed into a truism. 
 The various demands made upon the libra- 
 rian of the present day help wonderfully to 
 give him or her some acquaintance with 
 many subjects, or at least the ability to know 
 where information upon them may be found. 
 The very contact with the books which come 
 into a rapidly growing library, is an educa- 
 tion in itself, if properly improved, inasmuch 
 as it permits one to taste from many springs 
 of information. After all has been said and 
 done the best fruits of the library are to be 
 found in its catalog. Here is to be found the 
 evidence of the librarian's ability to organize 
 and systematize the mass of information about 
 everything, which has been placed in his charge, 
 and to guide others through its labyrinthian 
 mazes. If the librarianjr has no clear idea of 
 what his library contains how can he expect 
 to be a competent guide to others ? The cata- 
 log represents in its highest form the some- 
 thing about everything which the librarian 
 should know or his library contain if it is to 
 successfully perform its functions. 
 
 But in order to know or learn everything 
 about something it is necessary to follow a 
 more methodical course. While the library 
 
 catalog may be taken as a type embodying 
 the something about everj^thing, the every; 
 thing about something is perhaps better ex- 
 emplified by the bibliography. 
 
 Now a bibliography may be made upon any 
 conceivable subject; upon any subject, in fact, 
 about which a man can write, whether a book, 
 pamphlet, or occasional article. Broadly 
 classed, most printed works are found to be 
 written about persons, places, or things, or 
 take various literary forms such as poetry, 
 essays, the drama, etc. Probably there is no 
 one subject around which literature more 
 naturally groups itself than that of locality 
 or place. As my experience in bibliographical 
 work has been confined mostly to works of 
 this description, whatever I have to say will 
 naturally relate to this phase of the subject 
 It might almost, with truth, be said that every- 
 thing relates to some locality. 
 
 We are all, more or less, interested in some 
 place, usually the town in which we live. If 
 we are connected with a library, nothing 
 would seem more natural than that we should 
 desire to place upon its shelves all the books 
 and pamphlets, in short everything which can 
 be secured which relates in any way to the 
 city, township, county, or state in which the 
 library is situated. These works, to be use- 
 ful, must of course be cataloged. Here, 
 then, we have a subjec t at our very hands, and 
 one most naturally chosen : the formation of 
 a special library and the beginning of a bib- 
 liography. Here, too, is an incentive to ac- 
 tivity in making both the collection and the 
 record as full and complete as possible. 
 Again, we here have all the most favoring 
 conditions for successfully carrying out such 
 an enterprise. Many persons are already, 
 or may easily be made, interested in the work. 
 Still, again, no place is so likely to contain 
 the materials we are in search of as the 
 place concerning which this literature has 
 been written. Should a house to house 
 search be made, it cannot but be rewarded 
 with many precious discoveries. And just" 
 here it may be best to call attention to what 
 should be looked for in collecting material 
 for a local bibliography. 
 
 1. Printed works — the contents of which 
 relate exclusively to the locality chosen or to 
 any part of it. 
 
 2. Printed works which contain a substan- 
 tive and important reference to the locality 
 chosen or to any part of it. 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 3. Biographies of the inhabitants of the lo- 
 cality chosen. 
 
 4. Locally printed works. 
 
 5. Works written by the inhabitants of the 
 locality chosen, 
 
 6. Speeches or sermons on general subjects 
 delivered within the locality chosen. 
 
 7. Prints. 
 
 8. Maps. 
 
 9. Manuscripts. 
 
 This list I have taken from F. A. Hyett's 
 paper on "County bibliographies," which was 
 read before the Bibliographical Society of 
 London, March 18, 1895, and is to be found 
 in the Proceedings of that Society, vol 3, pt. 
 I, p. 27-40. I would strongly advise any one 
 who contemplates doing anything in local 
 bibliography to read this paper before be- 
 ginning his work. Another article by F. 
 Madan, entitled "What to aim at in local bib- 
 liography," in the Library Chronicle, vol. 4 
 (1887), p. 144-148, will also be found very 
 helpful. Returning to our list; no. i may 
 be said to contain not only books about the 
 locality, but also all such pamphlets, articles, 
 etc., in reviews and magazines; papers in the 
 Transactions of societies; as well as all such 
 broadsides and leaflets as are likely to throw 
 any light on the history, description, litera- 
 ture, flora, fauna, or other distinguishing 
 characteristics of the locality chosen. Poetry 
 and fiction, the scene of which is laid within 
 the locality, should also be included. 
 
 No. 2 should include all the above, possi- 
 bly excepting broadsides and leaflets. But it 
 would be well to notice no references which 
 are not of a substantive character, such as 
 separate chapters or parts of a bo«")k under a 
 separate heading. 
 
 To this list should be added not only lo- 
 cal magazines and newspapers but reports of 
 local institutions and societies. Extracts 
 from, or portions of the laws and reports of 
 the greater political departments of the gov- 
 ernment, as those of the county, state, or 
 federal government, so far as they especially 
 apply or pertain to the locality chosen, should 
 also be included. 
 
 The choice of material to be made use of in 
 the various classes I have named — what to 
 include and what to exclude — is far from an 
 easy question to determine. A general rule, 
 however, may be laid down : the smaller 
 the place chosen the greater should be the 
 effort to include everything about it. The 
 
 papers of Mr. Hyett and Mr. Madan, to 
 which reference has already been made, will 
 assist one much in coming to a decision in 
 each individual case. The bibliographer 
 should never so far forget himself as to at- 
 tempt to play at the same time the role of 
 critic and recorder. Mr. Hyett has well said : 
 "Unfortunately, the bibliographer cannot 
 
 'Look into the seeds of Time, 
 And say which grain will grow and which will not.' 
 
 And however unpalatable it may be to him, 
 he should chronicle the existence of much 
 trash, in order that what may ultimately 
 prove of value may not escape notice." 
 
 Before proceeding further I cannot refrain 
 from calling your attention to a very impor- 
 tant suggestion made by Mr. Madan in his 
 paper to which reference has already been 
 made. He strongly recommends the librarian 
 "to index, or to get indexed roughly, the best 
 local paper." "References for recent facts 
 are often," he truly remarks, "the very hard- 
 est to obtain, and also the most immediately 
 useful; the civic authorities of a place would 
 be most grateful for an index of matters of 
 public interest kept up to date. We should 
 aim at working backwards and forwards each 
 week (say) the current number and at least 
 one back one." 
 
 Having selected the place of which we pro- 
 pose to compile a bibliography the first query 
 which confronts us is How shall we make a . 
 beginning? How are we to learn what has\ ^ 
 been written about it? There is perhaps no \ \ 
 better way, to begin, than by obtaining the ']} 
 best or, at least, the most comprehensive 
 work upon the subject and reading it carefully 
 through, making notes, (as will hereafter be 
 described,) of every citation or authority that 
 the writer gives. No author, as a rule, at- 
 tempts to write upon any topic, without first 
 looking up, to a more or less thorough extent, 
 what has already been written upon it. From 
 what he finds he borrows, or adapts, and, if 
 an honest writer, indicates the sources from 
 which he has obtained his information. Con- 
 sult, also, all the catalogs and bibliographies 
 upon which you can lay your hands. By 
 this means you will soon learn of the most 
 important works which have been written con- 
 cerning your subject. You may, perhaps, dis- 
 cover that a bibliography of the place has 
 already been compiled and that it would be 
 time and labor thrown away to proceed with 
 your project. Or, again, you may discover 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 that there exists an old bibliography, which 
 you can supplement and bring down to date, 
 amplifying its scope, if need be, and really 
 making a new work of it. For the encour- 
 agement of those desiring to take up this 
 class of work, it may be said that in this 
 country but little thorough work has been 
 accomplished in local bibliography. The field 
 is comparatively unworked, and there still 
 remains much work which ought to be done. 
 For, in the words of Dr. Elliott Coues, in the 
 preface to an excellent special bibliography 
 which he compiled: "Bibliography is never 
 finished and [is] always more or less defec- 
 tive, even on ground long gone over." 
 
 There are two methods of compiling a bib- 
 liography. The first consists in copying all 
 the titles that can be found in the catalogs 
 of booksellers, libraries, publishers, special 
 bibliographies, subject or local, etc., and ar- 
 ranging them in an orderly manner. At best 
 this class of work savors of Grub-street and 
 is an achievement which the painstaking, ac- 
 curate, and conscientious bibliographer justly 
 holds in scorn. For when completed, it is 
 but the preliminary work or rough sketch, 
 which he should consider as his starting point. 
 Such a work as I have sketched is more than 
 likely to carry mortifying evidences of its 
 origin. The "pride of accuracy" of which 
 Henry Stevens spoke, has often been brought 
 low even when a most carefully prepared 
 catalog or bibliography has appeared in type. 
 How much greater is likely to be the mortifi- 
 cation of the compiler of such a work as we 
 have just described, when it is borne in mind 
 that a bibliography so constructed (though 
 seemin gto be a royal road to bibliographi- 
 cal success) not only perpetuates his own 
 errors but adds to them those of the works 
 from which his material has been appro- 
 priated. 
 
 When I began to compile a bibliography of 
 Bermuda, I decided to include in it the title 
 of no book or article which I had not per- 
 sonally examined. As the subject was one 
 upon which but little had been written, this 
 determination has g^ven me an advantage, 
 which I can recommend to any one who 
 wishes to compile a local bibliography. It 
 gives one an opportunity to examine for one's 
 self everything which comes to hand for ref- 
 erences to new and unheard of material, and 
 to see what authorities the various writers 
 have consulted or quoted. By this course 
 
 one's horizon is constantly extending and he 
 is meeting with references to, or quotations 
 from, books to which none of the catalogs 
 chance will throw in his way will ever call his 
 attention. 
 
 As I found these references to or quota- 
 tions from other writers, I carefully copied 
 them upon standard size catalog cards, in- 
 cluding all the bibliographical information 
 they gave. Whenever meager, this informa- 
 tion was subsequently increased by consulting 
 catalogs, bibliographies or other sources of 
 information for fuller particulars to add to 
 the card. In writing this card I took especial 
 care to name the book or other source from 
 which the entry was made. Experience has 
 taught me that it is also advisable in many 
 cases, to briefly give some idea of what in- 
 formation is to be found in the work cited. 
 This is all the more important, as some time 
 may elapse before the book itself may be 
 placed in your hands; by which time the 
 circumstances under which the card was writ- 
 ten or the information which the work you 
 have long sought for is expected to give may / 
 have passed completely from your mind. Not 
 always having given the source of the infor- 
 mation on the card, I have sometimes found 
 myself puzzled, when the book at last came to 
 be placed in my hands, to know why the card 
 was made, and have had to visit the library a 
 second time, if, as sometimes happened, I did 
 not have my card index with me. 
 
 These cards, as may be seen, are to be 
 made from all sources of information, such 
 as catalogs, bibliographies, indexes, citations 
 from books, and from every other conceiva- 
 ble place where information may be picked up, • 
 and, best of all, at the very time it strikes 
 the attention. I presume we have all ex- 
 perienced the difificulty of finding some bit of /. 
 information in the daily paper, which we ^ 
 have desired to refer to again after an in- 
 terval of two or three days. Much time is 
 wasted in such efforts which would have been 
 saved by the prompt use of a blue pencil. 
 As our work progresses, the spirit of the quest 
 will grow sharper, and we will almost in- 
 stinctively know where to look for pointers. 
 We shall constantly be on the lookout for a y 
 title to add to our preliminary list. Many of \ 
 these titles when run down will amount to 
 nothing, for we shall naturally add many 
 which arrest our attention in out of the way 
 places in the expectation that they may pos- 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 sibly afford something for our final record. 
 Having begun this preliminary card index, 
 Ithe next step to be taken is to consider the 
 'order of entry and the extent of the informa- 
 tion given in the final record. 
 
 Cataloging rules for libraries are a series 
 of compromises. The elements of time, space, 
 and expense are factors which, of necessity, 
 liave to be taken into account with most 
 libraries in varying degrees, and as a result 
 the library catalog, while serviceable in the 
 time and place for which it is made, is far 
 from being a model to be followed in the 
 kind of work now under consideration. In 
 bibliographical work it should ever be borne 
 in mind, on the one hand, that there are 
 certain elements about a book which are fixed 
 and unchangeable while again there are others 
 which are subject to variation. Among the 
 latter may be mentioned binding and absolute 
 size. From the bibliographer's standpoint a 
 book, in its highest and most complete form, 
 consists simply of the sheets of which it is 
 composed, printed, folded, gathered, stitched, 
 and bound in paper covers, before the bind- 
 er's guillotine has cut away a particle from 
 its edges. Hence it is that the bibliophile 
 chooses that his books shall be bound with 
 uncut edges, or with the top edge cut away 
 only just enough to permit of its being gilded. 
 When such a view is taken, it necessarily fol- 
 lows that it should be the aim of every bib- 
 liographer to so describe a book that it can 
 never, by any possibility, be mistaken for any 
 other book or for any other edition of the 
 same book; a thing which is not so easy to 
 do as at first sight it appears. Professor Au- 
 gustus De Morgan, the celebrated philosopher 
 and mathematician, in the Preface (p. xiii.) 
 to his bibliography of "Arithmetical bocks; 
 1481-1800" (London, 1847), says, "Were I to 
 begin this book again, I would in every in- 
 stance make a reference to some battered let- 
 ter, or defect of lineation, or something which 
 would be pretty certain not to recur in any 
 real imprint. Ordinary errata would not be 
 conclusive, for these might be reprinted for 
 want of perceiving the error." Madan's rule 
 of giving the first word of page 11 and oc- 
 casionally of loi or 501 seems to my mind 
 to be almost, if not quite as safe a method. 
 (Madan, 1893, p. 96.) This, at first sight, 
 may perhaps seem unduly painstaking, but 
 experience has proved that su^ is not the 
 case, especially with very old books. 
 
 The French have always borne the reputa- 
 tion of being bibliographers par excellence. 
 One reason why this may be so, is that, in 
 France, the great mass of books are published 
 in paper covers with uncut edges ; i.e., are 
 folded in the original size of the sheets upon 
 which the book was printed. In this coun- 
 try and England, on the other hand, it is 
 customary for publishers to issue their works 
 bound in cloth, or other material, usually, 
 with the edges trimmed. A book, subject to 
 constant handling and wear, as in our large 
 circulating libraries, is in constant need of 
 rebinding, so that its absolute size is con- 
 stantly changing each time it passes under the 
 knife of the binder. 
 
 A protest occasionally appears in our public 
 prints against the publishing of books or 
 magazines with uncut or untrimmed edges. 
 No bibliophile, no true lover of books, de- 
 sires them in any other form. In this shape 
 he has the book in all its bibliographical per- 
 fection. 
 
 If, as we have seen, the size of a book is a 
 changeable quantity, where then can we find 
 something that we can describe which will 
 undergo no change, whatever may have been 
 the vicissitudes through which the book itself 
 has passed? In reply it may be said that the 
 type or letterpress of a book, together with 
 its pagination and signatures and the paper 
 upon which it is printed are its only fixed 
 elements. Bearing this, as it seems to me, 
 vital and at the same time elementary bib- 
 liographical point always in view, I have pur- 
 sued my work as follows: In the case of a 
 book which relates wholly to the subject I 
 am treating, I first exhaust the information 
 given by the title-page and in the exact order 
 in which it is there given. There are only 
 one or two portions of any title-page, which, 
 in my judgment, it is safe to omit. First, the 
 list of titles, etc. (frequently given at weari- 
 some length), which follows an author's 
 name. Even here caution should be taken to 
 omit nothing which shall show that the au- 
 thor is, in an especial sense, an authority upon 
 the subject of which he writes. All infor- 
 mation of an extraneous nature had much 
 better be omitted. Secondly, mottoes or quo- 
 tations which embellish a title-page may be 
 treated in a like manner. Sometimes their 
 appositeness is such that they may well be 
 retained. The lining of titles of old books 
 should be given, say before 1850, and especial- 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 ly of very rare books even if of more recent 
 date. 
 
 Having secured all the information the 
 title-page can give, we next look for ex- 
 traneous information. The number of vol- 
 umes, if more than one, and size naturally 
 follow the information given by the title- 
 ^ page. I have said that size is an uncertain 
 quantity. To render this information as defi' 
 nite as possible, I give first the apparent size 
 as determined from the fold or signatures. 
 If these are found to be irregular this fact 
 is noted; as "in sixes," "in eights," etc. To 
 place the record beyond any possible doubt 
 the actual measurement of the leaf is also 
 given in centimeters. 
 
 Next comes information of an unvarying 
 nature; the size and description of a repre- 
 sentative page of the letterpress or text. The 
 measurement of the type should include the 
 tops of the ascenders and capital letters of 
 the upper line as well as the descenders of 
 the lower line. Captions or running titles, 
 catchwords and signatures, as well as mar- 
 ginal or side-notes, unless incut, I exclude 
 from this measurement. The size of the type 
 may easily be ascertained. My method has 
 been to procure a copy of an old Whitaker's 
 Almanac and detach from it the page con- 
 taining samples of the various sizes of type. 
 This mounted on a piece of bookbinder's tar 
 board and cut quite close to the capital let- 
 ters which begin the lines makes a very con- 
 venient size rule. By sliding it upward or 
 downward near a capital letter in a page of 
 print one is quickly enabled to find its exact 
 size. In foreign languages this information 
 is, of course, only approxipiate, the size of 
 the English type being selected which cor- 
 responds most nearly to that of the foreign 
 type under consideration. Should any one, 
 however, desire to be still more exact, in- 
 formation regarding the names and sizes of 
 the several foreign types and their English 
 equivalents, the point system now in general 
 use in this country, with other interesting 
 information, may be found in Mr. De Vinne's 
 recent book on "The practice of typography" 
 (N. Y., 1900, chap. 2, pp. 52-122.) 
 
 The next information to follow is the num- 
 ber of pages and signatures. . Care should be 
 taken that no inserted leaves or starred pages 
 are overlooked and any irregularity in the 
 number of leaves to signatures should be 
 carefully noted. 
 
 Then follows the record of illustrative mat- 
 ter. First in order should come plates, maps, 
 tables, diagrams, etc., or matter which has 
 been printed independently of the regular sig- 
 natures and afterwards inserted and bound up 
 with the work. Following these may be added 
 the number of text illustrations in the follow- 
 ing order, woodcuts, etc., facsimiles, and head 
 and tail pieces, if other than conventional. 
 
 This in general closes the bibliographical 
 record of the book from a material point of 
 view. 
 
 Following this may come as notes, 1st, a 
 list of the contents or a synopsis of the mat- 
 ter contained in the text. 2d, a list of the 
 illustrations in the order above named with 
 titles or description of each, especially if no 
 such list appears in the book itself. And 3d 
 a list of the maps, charts, diagrams, etc. The 
 title, size, and scale of each map should here 
 be given. 
 
 So much for a book which treats entirely 
 of the subject. In analytical the author's 
 name is given, when it can be ascertained, 
 followed by the title of the chapter, part, or 
 article, including the author's name. If it 
 appears at the end of the article, as frequently 
 occurs in periodicals, it should be entered after 
 the word [signed], in brackets. Dropping 
 down a line in parentheses, after the word In 
 follows the entire title-page of the volume an- 
 alyzed. If the title is a long one it is well to 
 repeat at its end the volume number, and in 
 the case of periodicals, I give, in parentheses, 
 the serial number and date of the special num- 
 ber in which the article appears. In most 
 magazines this is ascertained without diffi- 
 culty. If not given at the top of the first 
 page of each separate number it may some- 
 times be found at its bottom as a part of the 
 signature, sometimes in the table of contents, 
 and, in one or two cases of the publications 
 of learned societies, which I have in mind, 
 this information is to be found on the verso 
 of the title-page. In some cases, though rare- 
 ly, this information is utterly unobtainable 
 from the ordinary bound copies, in which the 
 original covers have been discarded; an ar- 
 gument for the retention of such paper covers 
 or wrappers in all cases. Following the num- 
 ber and date, in parentheses should be given 
 the page from first to last inclusive. 
 
 Of analyticals, the first and last pages 
 should always to be given, as they give the 
 searcher some idea as to the extent, if not 
 
 8 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 thoroughness, with which the writer has 
 studied his subject. Then follow size, letter- 
 press, type, pages of article and signatures, 
 illustrations, etc., synopsis of contents or 
 notes, etc., as in the case of the book al- 
 ready described. By giving the signatures, 
 as well as the pages of analytical matter, the 
 ioentification of such portions of books or 
 periodicals as have been extracted and bound 
 up separately is much simplified. 
 
 The subject I have chosen (Bermuda) is 
 one which is of much interest on account of 
 its maps and charts. Little has been done 
 in forming bibliographies of maps. In this 
 country, Messrs. P. Lee Phillips, of the Li- 
 brary of Congress, Marcus Bake'-, and Ed- 
 ward B. Matthews have examined and rec- 
 orded the maps of Maryland, Virginia, the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, Cuba, etc. There are, there- 
 fore, few precedents to follow in such work. 
 
 My first experience threw me in contact 
 with a number of early seventeenth century 
 majis which had been extracted from the at- 
 lases in which they originally appeared and 
 which bore no marks by which their source 
 could be definitely ascertained. At this period 
 Holland, and particularly Amsterdam was the 
 seat of great activity in the production of 
 beautifully engraved maps and atlases. Rival 
 houses vied with each other in the amount 
 and beauty of their products. Editions suc- 
 ceeded each other at frequent intervals. The 
 maps in these atlases were usually accom- 
 panied with descriptive text, printed upon 
 their backs, in every cultivated European lan- 
 guage; special editions being prepared for 
 sale in various continental countries. The 
 culminating point was reached in the magnifi- 
 cent Atlas Major of Johan Blaeu, in 12 vol- 
 umes published in 1663. It contained 586 
 maps and stands to-day without a rival in the 
 sumptuous manner in which it has been en- 
 graved and printed. 
 
 Booksellers have fallen into the way of 
 breaking up odd volumes of these old at- 
 lases and selling the separate sheets, this 
 having. I suppose, been found more profitable 
 than to sell the volumes entire or to attempt 
 to complete the sets to which they belong. 
 At any rate, such is the case and the markets 
 are flooded with maps of this description 
 which it is almost impossible to identify. Be- 
 fore being collected into volumes many of 
 these maps were presumably issued for sale 
 in sheet form, and it is safe to assume that if 
 
 a map is unaccompanied by text upon its 
 back and devoid of other evidences of having 
 been bound into an atlas of maps, it was 
 originally so issued. Many of the early maps 
 now found bound up in volumes of miscel- 
 laneous maps were doubtless so issued. Oth- 
 ers, with text, bound up in miscellaneous vol- 
 umes, were without much doubt originally 
 prepared for, if not published in, atlases, sub- 
 sequently broken up, and again rebound in 
 miscellaneous collections. 
 
 The whole question of maps, either in sep- 
 arate form or bound, as we have seen, is in 
 consequence, full of perplexities and uncer- 
 tainty. 
 
 Maps, of all products of the press, are the 
 most perishable. Their form is against them ; 
 if large they are folded, and much use, with 
 the creases, soon wears them away. They are 
 also the most abused and uncared for of all 
 printed matter, especially as soon as they are 
 superseded by those of a more recent date. 
 But the value of early American maps as his- 
 toric material is coming to be appreciated 
 more and more and better care taken of the 
 remnants which have been spared to us. Their 
 study by historians is now considered indis- 
 pensable to a thorough understanding of the 
 advancement of discovery and the early prog- 
 ress in the settlement of this country. Here 
 we probably find a more truthful record, and 
 one in which there is less temptation for the 
 traveller to prey upon the credulity of his 
 fellow-countrymen, than in the marvellous 
 tales of his adventures he unfolds in the 
 printed page. Maps are besides more graphic, 
 a few lines of the burin being much easier to 
 understand than many pages of descriptive 
 text. 
 
 From what has already been said, it is evi- 
 dent that maps, from a bibliographical stand- 
 point, call for distinct treatment and a more 
 exact description, if that be possible, than we 
 are accustomed to give to books. At the out- 
 set some interesting questions present them- 
 selves. Who is responsible for the production 
 of a map? Its publishers, its printer, its en- 
 graver, the traveller or navigator from whose 
 sketches it has been produced, the compiler 
 or draughtsman who puts these sketches into 
 proper form, or the man who bears the ex- 
 pense of the undertaking, be it of the voyage, 
 engraving, printing, or publication? Who in- 
 deed ? And as maps sometimes bear the name 
 of one, sometimes the name of another, and 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 sometimes of more than one of these, it may 
 readily be seen that numerous difficulties lie 
 in the pathway of anyone who undertakes to 
 make an exact catalog of maps. Two ends 
 should ever be kept in view in describing a 
 map and especially a loose map. First a thor- 
 ough and accurate description should be given 
 of the map itself and, again, a record should 
 be made of every particle of information 
 which will aid one to identify it and even- 
 tually complete the record of its source. For 
 this purpose I have made use of nine head- 
 ings for the map itself (A) and an equal 
 number for its subsequent identification (B). 
 They are as follows : 
 A. I. Printer, publisher, engraver, or other 
 
 personal information g^ven on face of 
 
 map. 
 
 2. Title. 
 
 3. Place, publisher, and date. 
 
 4. Size by metric system. Measurement 
 
 to be made within the neat line. 
 Much confusion may arise from in- 
 cluding the border of the map in its 
 measurement to say nothing of giving 
 that of the entire sheet. 
 
 5. Scale, also by the metric system. 
 
 6. Print or colors, whether colored by 
 
 hand or printed in colors, style of en- 
 graving, etc. 
 
 7. Location on map of following features: 
 
 title, scale, compass, latitude and 
 longitude if indicated and how, and 
 engraver's name. 
 
 8. Border: its style and description. 
 
 9. Remarks: extent of territory covered, 
 
 etc., etc. ; in very old maps insertion 
 of sea monsters, vessels, form in 
 which water is represented, method 
 of projection, etc., etc., should be in- 
 dicated 
 For the eventual identification of maps, a 
 
 description of the text upon its back should 
 
 include : 
 
 B. I. Title — language. 
 
 2. Pagination, if given. 
 
 3. Size of leaf. 
 
 4. Size of type and letterpress. 
 
 5. Number of columns, if more than one, 
 
 and number lines of type. 
 
 6. Signatures. 
 
 7. Catchwords, of every page. 
 
 8. First and last lines. 
 
 9. Remarks — marginal notes, etc., etc. 
 Spaces should be left on sheet for future 
 
 insertion of new information when found, 
 thus saving rewriting. 
 
 Returning now to the consideration of the 
 general subject: it will inevitably follow that 
 some of the references which have been made 
 in the preliminary card list cannot be veri- 
 fied with the book in hand. When at last it 
 is decided to cease research and to publish 
 what has been collected, this material may be 
 utilized by inserting it in the form of notes 
 or as quotations, appended to the entries of 
 the works, from which the references were 
 taken. This will show that the work referred 
 to was not unknown to the compiler or over- 
 looked by him. 
 
 As the sheets which are written from the 
 books themselves accumulate, it becomes an 
 important matter to decide how they may best 
 be arranged or filed for easy reference. It by 
 no means follows that such an arrangement 
 as is most serviceable while the work is 
 progressing is the best for its publication. 
 As the work goes on, occasion will frequently 
 arise to consult the material on hand to see 
 if such or such a work has not already been 
 seen and recorded. There are several meth- 
 ods of arrangement which may be employed. 
 The alphabetical by authors and titles, is 
 probably the best for ready reference. An- 
 other is by titles of works analyzed. This 
 I have found convenient, and from the need 
 of such an index to supplement the author 
 and title arrangement, arose the list which 
 was published in the Bulletin of Bibliography 
 in 1898, a second series of which, is now being 
 published in the same periodical. Another 
 arrangement is by subjects. This has its 
 good points. It keeps together all the works, 
 for example, on the flora, fauna, geology, and 
 other subdivisions of the subject to be worked 
 up, and indicates its greater or less complete- 
 ness, and thus helps towards completing the 
 same. Another arrangement, which has much 
 to be said in its favor, when it comes to 
 printing, and a final form must be chosen, is 
 the chronological. This, however, has little 
 value for ready reference unless accompanied 
 by several exhaustive indexes. It is proba- 
 bly the best arrangement for print provided 
 it is thoroughly indexed. If indexes cannot 
 be given, I think the subject form would 
 probably be the most useful. The same dif- 
 ficulty will be found here as in the classifica- 
 tion of books, subjects often overlap or au- 
 thors treat of more than one; objections which 
 
 •CO 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 disappear in an author or chronological ar- 
 rangement. 
 
 In my own practice, as material has ac- 
 cumulated, I have, from time to time, thrown 
 it into several arrangements, but in whatever 
 form it has happened to be at any given time, 
 I have often had occasion to wish it were ar- 
 ranged in some one of the others. To ob- 
 viate this difficulty, I have made several brief 
 indexes which are desigfned to answer almost 
 any question, no matter from what standpoint 
 it may arise. These indexes are as follows : 
 
 1. An author and title index, in one alphabet. 
 
 2. Chronological index. 
 
 3. Subject index. 
 
 4. Analytical index, by title of periodical, 
 compilation, etc. 
 
 5. Maps of Bermuda only; 1622 — date. 
 
 6. General maps depicting Bermuda; 1511- 
 1630. This latter is arranged chronologically 
 with a separate alphabetical name and title 
 index.* 
 
 If indexes are thought undesirable and too 
 large a mass of material has not been accu- 
 mulated, I have found the following method 
 of filing my sheets to work very well, as it 
 allows one to easily throw the matter into 
 any arrangement desired. With the book in 
 hand, and before beginning to make my 
 record I write in the extreme upper right- 
 hand corner of the sheet the name of the 
 library in which I am examining the book. 
 Beneath this — of late — I have given the 
 date. It at least shows that on such a date 
 the book was seen and belonged there. When 
 the book has a shelf mark or call number I 
 also record this. The value of this record 
 of the name of the library and shelf number 
 are obvious, should you desire to re-examine 
 the work, and in case of rarity it locates a 
 copy to which inquirers can be referred. 
 
 The record is then made as already fully 
 described upon sheets of paper 25 centimeters 
 in height by 20 centimeters in width. In the 
 upper extreme left-hand corner the date of 
 the publication is given. A word about this 
 date may not be out of place. In periodicals 
 and the publications of learned societies, is- 
 sued in parts, the date of the part, when it 
 can be ascertained, is given rather than that 
 of the title-page, which often bears a much 
 later date. The former is the true date of 
 publication, so far as that particular part of 
 
 *For specimens of these various indexes see Ap- 
 pendix II. 
 
 the work is concerned, and priority of publi- 
 cation, especially in matters of scientific rec- 
 ord is often of essential importance. It is 
 needless to say that this date should also ap- 
 pear in the final entry. The date of the 
 reading of scientific papers, which often takes 
 place at greater or less intervals of time 
 before they appear in print, should also be 
 recorded. In arranging by dates, which are 
 inclusive, as 1816-72, arrange under the ear- 
 lier. To one studying the matter historically 
 or chronologically, the reason for this arrange- 
 ment is obvious. 
 
 I have made use of the Cutter author num- 
 ber as an assistance in alphabeting my sheets. 
 In case of analyticals I have used this twice; 
 the first, for the main or author heading, I 
 place at the right of the date and on the 
 same line ; the second, for the title or name of 
 the work analyzed, is placed below the date 
 on the left-hand end of the first line. 
 
 Each sheet also bears, in red inK, I hardly 
 know why in red, the class number of the 
 subject matter of the sheet, in the Decimal 
 Classification. 
 
 I formerly indicated at the top of the sheet 
 whether the work recorded contained illus- 
 trations or maps. This practice I have not 
 kept up. It may be easily added at any time 
 if desired. 
 
 There are a few details, which from ex- 
 perience, I have found convenient to employ. 
 The judicious use of underscoring in red ink 
 is very helpful. In cases where there are 
 many lines of writing, it causes the important 
 words to spring to the eye from the mass of 
 those of less importance. For example, I 
 use it mainly in cases of analytical matter, 
 where the maiii heading is the author or, if 
 anonymous, the title. The title of the work 
 from which this is taken together with the 
 volume and pages being underscored in red 
 ink help very much in handling the sheets 
 for rearrangement which at times is found to 
 be desirable. 
 
 Another wrinkle which I have found to 
 work well is the underscoring of unusual 
 quoted matter, such as misspelled words, 
 square brackets or parentheses, etc., with a 
 dotted line. It reassures one when looking 
 over his manuscript at a later date that the 
 form used was intentional and did not arise 
 from any mistake or negligence. When work 
 so underscored comes into the printer's hands, 
 he, too, will understand it perfectly and for 
 
 II 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 a very simple reason. One of the rules of 
 proof-reading requires that when any correc- 
 tion has been made in the proof and upon 
 maturer consideration it is decided that the 
 type ought to remain as it stands, the word 
 "stet" is written in the margin and the 
 words which it is desired to retain unchanged 
 in the proof are underscored with a dotted 
 line. If the copy goes to the printer under- 
 scored in this manner, he at once recognizes 
 that it appears as written with the full knowl- 
 edge and intention of the author and will not, 
 as many printers assume to do, correct it to 
 suit generally accepted standards. Other 
 check marks and arbitrary signs I need not 
 give, as each person will devise and make use 
 of them as occasions arise for their use. 
 
 If what I have said shall cause anyone to 
 become interested in Ipcal bibliography and 
 to realize its value as a means of imparting 
 important information to searchers after spe- 
 cial information, I shall be glad. If it shall 
 be the means of inspiring any to build up 
 special collections of books and to engage in 
 the compilation of a bibliography of the sub- 
 ject of which such a collection treats, my 
 paper will have fully answered its purpose. 
 No one is more conscious than myself of the 
 difficulty of attempting to describe technical 
 matters in a luminous, and at the same time 
 popular way, especially in the course of a 
 single paper. If I have succeeded in making 
 my meaning intelligible in all cases, I shall 
 be more than surprised. Below I have gfiven 
 a list of articles which it will be well for 
 anyone, who seriously contemplates compil- 
 ing a bibliography, to read before taking up 
 his work. 
 
 A FEW ARTICLES ON BIBLIOGKAPHY TO BB KZAD. 
 
 Arranged chronologically. 
 Walford, Cornelius. Special Collections of Books. 
 (In Trans, and Proc. of Conference of Librarians, 
 London, 1877 (Lond., 1878), p. 45-49. 
 
 Note. — Gives an account of his Insurance Li- 
 brary which now forms a part of the Library of 
 the Equitable Insurance Company of New York. 
 
 Wright, William Henry Kearley. Librarians and 
 Local Bibliography. {In L. A. U. K. Trans, and 
 Proc. of the Fourth and Fifth Annual Meetings, 
 Sept., 1881, and Sept., 1882 (Lond., 1884), P. i97- 
 201). 
 
 Bradshaw, Henry. Note on Local Libraries con- 
 sidered as Museums of Local Authorship and 
 Printing {Ibid., p. 237-238). 
 
 Tedder, Henry R. A Few Words on the Study of 
 Bibliography. {In Trans, and Proc. of the L. A. 
 U. K., at the 7th Annual Meeting, Dublin, 1884 
 (Lond., 1890), p. 128-131). 
 
 Harrison, Robert. County Bibliography. {In the 
 Library Chronicle, vol. 3 (1886), p. 49-54). 
 
 Note. — Gives an account of several bibliogra- 
 phies of English counties. 
 
 Madan, Falconer. What to aim at in Local Bib- 
 liography. {In the Library Chronicle, vol. 4 
 (1887), p. 144-148). 
 
 Note. — Practical directions, from the peraonal 
 experience of the author in compiling a bibliogra* 
 phy of Oxford. 
 
 Chauvin, Victor. What a Bibliography should be. 
 {In the Library journal, vol. 17 (No. 3, Mar., 
 1892), p. 87-88). 
 
 Madan, Falconer. On Method in Bibliography. {In 
 
 Transactions of the Bibliographical Society, vol. 
 
 I (Pts. I and 2, 1893), p. 91-102). 
 
 Note. — Gives "Suggestions of Method, in Out- 
 line." 
 
 Christie, Richard Copley. Special Bibliographies 
 [with] Discussion. {In Transactions of the Bib- 
 liographical Society, vol. i (Pt. 3, 1893), P- '^S- 
 »77)- 
 
 Note. — Purpose of personal bibliography ia 
 treated on p. 169-172; of local bibliography, p. 171- 
 174. 
 
 Cole, George Watson. American Bibliography, (Jen- 
 eral and Local. {In the Library journal, vol. 
 19 (No. 1, January, 1894), p. 5-9). 
 
 Hyett, Francis Adams. County Bibliographies; Sug- 
 gestions for increasing their Utility. {In Trans- 
 actions of the Bibliographical Society, vol. 3 (Pt. 
 1, Sept., 1895), p. 27-40). 
 
 Note. — Valuable, as it gives classes of ma- 
 terial to be sought for and their relative impor- 
 tance. 
 
 Campbell, Frank. The Theory of National and In- 
 ternational Bibliography. With Special Reference 
 to the Introduction of System in the Record of 
 Modem Literature. London (Library Bureau), 
 1898. 8vo. XV+500 pp. 
 
 Hyett, Francis Adams. Suggestions as to the Lim- 
 its and Arrangement of County Bibliographies. 
 {In Tran.<iactions of the Bibliographical Society, 
 V. 3 (Pt. 3, Nov., 1896), p. 167-170). 
 
 Petherick. Edward A. Theoretical and Practical 
 Bibliography. (7m Transactions and Proceedings 
 of the Second International Library Conference, 
 London, 1897, p. 148-149). 
 
 Cole, (jcorge Watson. Local Cartography. {In the 
 Library journal, vol. 23 (No. 3, March, 1898), 
 p. 102-103). 
 
 Ferguson, John. Some Aspects of Bibliography. 
 Edinburgh ((Jeorge P. Johnston), 1900. 8vo. 4 
 II.-I-102 pp. 
 
 Note. — 300 copies printed on small paper. 
 
 Letts, Thomas. Notes on the Care of Maps. {In 
 the Library Journal, vol. 26 (No. 9, September, 
 1901), p. 688-689). 
 
 Letts, Thomas. Notes on the Cataloguing of Maps. 
 {In the Library Journal, vol. 27 (No. 2, Fdi- 
 ruary. 1902), p. 74-76). 
 
 Note. — Mr. Letts' lifelong experience, first as a 
 publisher and afterwards as a cataloguer of maps, 
 enables him to speak with authority upon this 
 subject. 
 
 12 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 APPENDIX I. ^■ 
 
 A F&w Examples of Caktografhical Bibliography arranged Chronologically. 
 
 Kohl, J. G. Substance of a Lecture delivered at the Smithsonian Institution on a Gillectioa 
 of the Charts and Maps of America. (In Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institu- 
 tion; 1856. p. 93-146.) 
 
 Marcou, Jules, and Marcou, John Belknap. Mapoteca Geologica Americana. (United 
 States — Geological Survey. Bulletin, no. 7.) Washington, 1884. 8vo. 
 
 British Museum. Catalogue of the Printed Maps, Plans, and Charts in the British Museum. 
 London, 1885. 2 vols, (paged continuously), 4°. i 1.-1-4648 pp. 
 
 Baker, Marcus. Surveys and Maps of the District of Columbia. (National Geographic 
 Magazine, vol. 6 (November i, 1894), p. 149-178.) Washington [1894]. 8vo. 
 Note. — Also issued as a separate, with cover title. 
 For review see Lib. Jour., 23:102-103. 
 
 Phillips, P. Lee. Virginia Cartogfraphy : a Bibliographical Description. (Smithsonian Mis- 
 cellaneous Collections, vol. 37, no. 1039.) Washington, 1896. 8vo. 85 pp. and cover 
 title. 
 
 Note. — Also issued as a separate. 
 
 Mathews, Edward Bennett. Bibliography and Cartography of Maryland. (Maryland — Geo- 
 logical Survey. Special Publications, vol. i., pt. 4.) Baltimore, 1897. 8vo, p. 228-401. 
 Note. — Also issued as a separate. 
 
 Phillips, P. Lee. Guiana and Venezuela Cartography. (American Historical Association. 
 Annual Report; 1897. P. 681-776.) Washington, 1898. 8vo. 
 Note. — Also issued separately. 
 
 Mathews, Edward Bennett. The Maps and Map-Makers of Maryland. (Maryland — Geo^ 
 logical Survey. Special Publications, vol. 2, pt. 36.) Baltimore, 1898. 6-1-337-488 pp. 
 and cover title. 
 
 Note. — Historical rather than bibliographical in form. 
 
 Phillips, P. Lee. List of Maps and Views of Washington and District of Columbia in the 
 Library of Congress. .(U. S. — 56th Congress, ist sess. — Senate. Document, no. 154.) 
 Washington, 1900. 8vo. 77 pp. and cover title-page. 
 
 Phillips, P. Lee. List of Maps of America in the Library of Congress. (Library of Con- 
 gress — Division of Maps and Charts. Publications.) Washington, 1901. roy. 8vo. 
 1 137 pp. 
 
 M 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 I. Specimens of Preliminary Cards. 
 
 YL 
 
 Snelling, Thomas. 
 
 Miscellaneous views of the coins struclc by English 
 Princes, etc. 
 
 London, 1769. 
 
 Bermuda Hog Money, plate Iv, 5. 
 
 Ref. 
 
 /^ Lefroy in 
 
 V_/ Numiimatic Chronicle. 
 
 
 
 
 W- Bermuda Company. 
 
 
 
 Petition from the Governor and Company of Ber- 
 
 
 
 muda to the Council of State, dated JulV 19, 165 1. (printed 
 
 
 
 copy) 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 Rcf. 
 •^ Lefroy, ▼. 1, p. xxxviit. 
 U " "p. 659. 
 
 
 Capper, James. 
 
 1 
 
 
 Observations on the Winds and Monsoons. 
 
 
 
 London, 1801. 4to. 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 p. 177. 
 
 
 
 r\ Rel. from 
 V^ Purdy ; 1839. p. 77. 
 
 
 14 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 3. Specimen Page of an Index to Preuminary Cards. 
 
 Y*- Johnson. Edw, Hist, of N. E. Wonder Working Providence. Lond., 1654. 4to. 
 
 Wo* " " " " 1658 
 
 YL M " " " 1659 
 
 Bn*- " " " ed. by W. F. Poole. 1867 
 
 JoLiVET, about 1560. maps. 
 
 Jones. J. Matthew. Visitors' Guide to Bermuda. Halifax, 1861. 8vo. 
 Ln» Verrill. " " " Lond., N. Y. [1876]. lama 
 
 See also Entomologist. 
 
 JoNsoN, Ben. Bartholomew Fair; 1614. In his works. London, 1616. fo. 
 
 Wo* " " " 1640. fo, 
 
 Bn'' B'* A^ " " London, 1816. 9 v. 8vo. 
 
 Bo" " « " -^ Bost., 1853. 8vo. 
 
 JoinmAN, Sil. Discover)- of the Bermudas. 
 See Aungervyle Society. 
 
 JotniNAL of Botany. (Reid; Bermuda Cedar : 1844. P- 266—1843, P- i ) Lond., 1844- 
 
 JUDAEis, or Jode, Cornelis de. Speculum Orbis Terrae Hemispheres. Antw.. 
 1595. "Maps. 
 " (Mercator's map of 1569 reproduced.) in 1589. Maps. 
 
 " Speculum Orbis Terrarum. Antw., 1578. fo, 38 maps. 
 
 2d ed.. Speculum Orbis Terrae, pub. by Cornelis his son. 
 Antw., 1593. fo. maps. 
 
 A* JuRiEN DE La Graviere, E. Les Marins du Seizieme Siede. 
 
 See Revue Les Deux Mondes. 1876. 
 
 3. Final Record for a Book Entirely Devoted to the Subject. 
 
 ,339. B39 Geo. Watson Cole. 25D1900. 
 
 Basham, Samuel, versus Lumley, Sir William. 
 
 A I Report of the Trial | of | Basham v. Lumley, | for | False Imprisonment, 
 I at 1 Bermuda ; | in the | Court of King's Bench, Guildhall : | before | Lord Ten- 
 terden and a Special Jury, | Thursday, 8th January, 1829. | [rule.] | Taken from 
 Mr. Gurney's Short-Hand Notes. | [double rule.] | 
 
 London: I J. Martnell, Wine-Office-Court, Fleet- Street. | [rule.] | 1829. [ 
 
 8vo. 23.2x14.5 cm. letterpress (p. 11), 17.3x10.4 cm. bourgeois, 46 lines. iio-|-[i]pp. 
 
 Sig. [A]— C; D— G (in fours); H; I— K (in fours). 
 
 Contents. 
 
 Title-page, i 1. 
 
 Opening by Plaintiff's Counsel, Sir James Scarlett, p. 3-12. 
 
 Evidence for the Plaintiff, p. 13-29- 
 
 Case of Defendant opened by the Solicitor General, Sir N. Tyndal, p. 29-52. 
 
 Evidence for the Defendant, p. 52-79. 
 
 Reply by Sir James Scarlett, p. 79-92. 
 
 Summing up by Lord Tenterden, p. 92-96. 
 
 Appendix: — .] 
 
 The Order for Examination ot Witnesses at Bermuda, p. 97-98. ' i 
 
 The Plaintiff's Interrogatories, p. 98-100. ; 
 
 Cross-Interrogatory, p. 100. 
 
 Interrogatories to be administered to [certain named witnesses] , p. 100-102. ' ' 
 
 The Defendant's Interrogatories, p. 103-104. 
 Adaitional Interrogatories, p. 104-109. 
 Plaintiff's Cross-Interrog^atories, p. 109-110. 
 Index, p. [ill]. 
 
 4. Final Record for a Pamphlet Entirely Devoted to the Subject. 
 
 1884 Bo^. Lenox Library. Ja 1901. 
 
 * Pi23i6 HRxBsx 
 
 Burn, J. Henry. 
 
 God Controls All. | A Sermon | preached with reference to the | Destruc- 
 tion of Trinity Church | by Fire | On 27th January, 1884, | by the | Revd. J. Henry 
 Burn, I Incumbent. | [waving rule.] | Published at the "Royal Gazette" Office, 
 and on sale | at the Stationery Store adjoining, for the benefit | of the Restora- 
 tion Fund of Trinity Church | in this Town. | [waving rule.] | 
 
 15 
 
 347-91 
 
 253 
 
917-399 
 
 COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 4. Final Record for a Pamphlet Entirely Devoted to the Subject. — Continued. 
 
 Hamilton, Bermuda | [dash.] | 1884. | 
 
 i6mo. (in ten leaves.) 19.3x13.5 cm. letterpress (p. 7), 13.9x8.4 cm. long primer, 
 leaded, 32 lines. 10 pp. and cover title-page, as above, except that it is enclosed in rules crossed 
 k at the comers. 
 
 Note. — "Preached at the Parish Church, Pembroke, on the morning of 3rd February, 
 1884"; re-delivered by request at Mechanics' Institute on the following Sunday evening. 
 An edition of 500 copies printed. 
 
 5. Final Record for an Analytical. 
 1864. Ms I Amcr. Geog. Society. 
 
 Mackie, J. Milton. 
 
 From Cape Cod to Dixie and the Tropics. By J. Milton Mackie, Author of 
 "Corsas de Espana," etc. "Toward the Sun." Old Motto. 
 
 New York : G. P. Putnam, 441 Broadway. 1864. 
 
 i3mo. 18.3x12.3 cm. letterpress (p. 387), 13.8x7.7 cm. small pica, double leaded, 
 37 lines. 427 pp. Sig. [i] — 17; »8, 7 leaves. 
 
 NoTB. — Chapter xxxvi. (p. 385-395.) The Bermudas. 
 
 Location, p. 385; place of refuge, landing, p. 386; drive through the islands, p. 387- 
 388; St. George's and Hamilton, p. 388; a luncheon, the Commodore, p. 389: Bermudian 
 vegetables, p. 391; convict work, climate, p. 393-393; a Sunday in Bermuda, its silence, 
 P 394-395- 
 
 "These sketches of travel were written before the breaking out of the present rebellion 
 in the Southern States; but as, on the occurrence of this event, letters very properly yielded 
 to arms, they were withheld from publication." — Preface, p. 3. 
 
 6. Final Record of an Analytical from a Periodical. 
 
 189X. B4S. N. Y. Botanical Garden. 
 
 9Jai9oi 580.5 08 Q 4 
 G16 
 
 Bermuda Palmetto, The. (an editorial.) 
 
 SS4S 
 
 {In Garden and Forest. A Journal of Horticulture, Landscape, Art and 
 Forestry. Conducted by Charles S. Sargent. . . . Vol. IV. January to Decem- 
 ber, 1891. New York, The Garden and Forest Publishing Co., 1891. | Vol. 4 
 (no. 175, July r, 1891), p. 302.) 
 
 4to (in sixes). 30.7x33.3 cm. letterpress, 2 columns (p. 433), 35.6x18.4 cm. long 
 primer, solid, 75 lines, sine sig. 
 
 Note. — With this article is a full page reproduction of a "Photograph of the Bermuda 
 Palmetto (Sabal Blackburniana) as it appears growing in its native marshes, a species endemic 
 to the islands, and the most interesting plant of their flora after the Cedar." 
 
 Fig. 53. — The Bermuda Palmetto (Sabal Blackburniana) in the Devonshire Marshes, 
 p. 307. 
 
 7. Final Record for a Map of Bermuda. 
 
 [1897.] C33. New York State Library. 
 
 X5OZ900 R913 qSms 
 
 (i) Century Company. 
 
 (2) The Bermudas. | 
 
 (3) New York, Copyright, 1897. 
 
 (4) 7.7x10.15 cm. 
 
 (5) 2.6 cm. = 6 miles. 
 
 (6) Engraved. Printed in colors: water, blue; land, pink. 
 
 (7) Title: lower r.-h. corner. Scale: below title. LaL and long, in mar- 
 gins at ends of meridians and parallels. 
 
 (8) Border: double rule. 
 
 (9) Gives outlying reefs with soundings. Inset in upper r.-h. corner of 
 2 page map entitled: | The Century Atlas. | West Indies. | [5 lines.] | 
 [2 scales.] I The Matthews-Northrup Co., Buffalo, N. Y. | . . . | 
 
 Text, (on back.) 
 None. 
 
 16 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 SouitrE. ("No. 67," Inset map of.) 
 
 The I Century Atlas | of the World | ) | Prepared under the Superintendence of | BenjS' 
 min E. Smith, A.M. | . . . | . . . | . . . | ) | [cut.] | Published by | The Cen- 
 tury Co. I New York | [Copyright, 1897.] | 
 
 leaf 33.1 X 34.9 cm. 
 
 8. Final Record for a General Map (1511-1630) Depicting Bermuda. '^'*-*^?? 
 
 1598. Columbia Univ. Lib. 
 
 28N1900 9i30r82F 
 
 (i) OsTEUus, Abraham. 
 
 (2) Americae Sive | Novi Orbis, No- 1 va Descriptio. | 
 
 (3) [Antverp, 1598.] 
 
 (4) 24.3x46.6 cm. (with curved corners.) 
 
 (5) 2.6 cm. = 10° of longitude at the equator. 
 
 (6) Copperplate. Uncolored. 
 
 (7) Title: lower l.-h. corner in ornamental panel. Scale: scale graduated 
 for each degree of longitude, numbered for every loth degree at bottom. 
 Scale graduated for every 5th degree of latitude and numbered for every 
 loth degree at sides. 
 
 (8) Border : ornamental corners. 
 
 (9) "La bermuda" appears on this map; also "Sept cites" and "Santana" 
 eastward of it. Fleet of 10 sails at lat. 20° and 10°. In lower corner 
 "Cum Priuilegio descennali | Ab. Ortelius delineab. | et excudeb. 1587." | 
 
 Text, (on back.) 
 
 "Nieuwe Wcereldt." 
 Source, (folio 5.) 
 
 Thea | trvm | Orbis | Terra | rvm | Abrahami Orteli Antverp. | (jeographi Regii. | Dit 
 Tonneel des Aertbodems van Abraham Ortelivs, is te koope t' Antwerpen, | in den Plantijn- 
 fchen VVinckel, by de VVeduvve ende Sonen van Ian Moerentorf. | [engraved title-page; 
 seated figure at top with sceptre; two globes at upper corners; each side of title panel with 
 upright figures of women partially draped; below title panel reclining figure with mask.] 
 
 Colophon. "Ghedruckt voor Abraham Ortelius, Anno M. D. XCVIII. | " 
 
 Note. — For meaning of figures in parentheses see p. 8. 
 
 9. Specimen of Author and Title Index. 
 
 Bo^ Porgay, pseud. Account of Watering Tank at B. In Naval Chronicle, 9: 109- 
 
 III. 1803. 
 AS Pr^vost-d' Exiles, A. F. Voiages aux lies Bermudes. In his Hist. Gen. des 
 
 Voyages, 15: 626-634. 1759. 
 
 Y^ Proceedings of Trial of Ship "Two Friends." Phil., 1795. 
 
 A^ Y'^ Prynne, William. Fresh Discovery [etc.] Lend., 1645. 
 
 Y« Bn^ PuRCHAS, Samuel Of the Bermudas. In his Purchas his Pilgrimage, 1094-1095. 
 
 1617. 
 A^ Purchas, Samuel. Of the Bermudas. In his Purchas his Pilgrimage, 5: 960- 
 
 961. 1626. 
 See also Serial Index. 
 
 
 10. 
 
 Specimen 
 
 OF Chronological Index. 
 
 1779. 
 
 Carver. 
 
 
 
 
 1798. Belknap. 
 
 1780. 
 
 Chalmers. 
 Raynal. 
 
 
 
 
 1799. Peuchet 
 
 I78I. 
 
 Raynal. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1783- 
 
 « 
 
 Mentelle. 
 Bermudas 
 
 or 
 
 Somers 
 
 Islands. 
 
 
 1787. 
 
 Raynal. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1788. 
 
 [Bourgeois 
 
 .] 
 
 
 
 
 1790. 
 
 Bermudas 
 Statement. 
 
 or 
 
 Somers 
 
 Islands. 
 
 
 17 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 10. Specimem of Chronological Index. — Continued. 
 '^79Z- Bermuda Almanack. * 
 
 1795- Proceedings. 
 
 1797. Morse. 
 Robert. 
 
 1798. Belknap. 
 
 II. Specimen of Subject Index. 
 
 593.12 Woodward. 1885. Foraminifera. 
 
 593'6 Jones. 1870. Coralliaria. 
 
 1869. 
 McMurrich. 1889. Actinology. 
 " 1896. Actineans. 
 
 Rathbun, R: 1888. Porites, etc. 
 Verrill. 1898-99. Actineans. 
 1871. Corals, etc. 
 
 59363 Andres. 1877. New Genus of Zoanthina 
 
 593-7 Fewkes. 1883. Medusae. 
 
 Verrill. 1900. Anthozoa, Hydrozoa. 
 
 593-7t Allman. 1877. Hydroida. 
 
 5939 Clark. 1898. Echinoderms. 
 
 " 1899. Further Notes on Echinoderms. 
 
 594. Aldrich. 1889. [Bermuda shells.] 
 
 Bartram. 1876. Sea and land shells. 
 1878. 
 1879. 
 Bland. 1862. Geog. Distribution. 
 Boettger. 1884. Landschnecken. 
 Bush. 1899. Turbonilla. 
 " " Septonacea. 
 
 Note. — The figures, 593- » 2. etc., are from Dewey's Decimal Qassification. 
 
 12. Specimen of Index to Analyticals. 
 New York Academy of Sciences. Annals. 8vo. N. Y. 
 
 Clark, H. L. Notes on Echinoderms of Bermuda. 
 
 1898, Sept. Vol. II, p. 407-413. 
 Also issued separately. Cole. 
 
 New York Academy of Sciences. Transactions. 8vo. N. Y. 
 
 Stevenson, J. J. Notes on the Geology of the Bermudas. 
 
 1898 (March, 1897). Vol. 16, p. 96-124. V* 
 Also issued separately. Cole. 
 
 New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. 8vo. N. Y. 
 
 Brown, J. J. O. The Bermuda Islands. 
 
 1894, Oct. Vol. 25, p. 182-191. A* 
 
 New York Medical Journal. 8vo. N. Y. 
 
 Matthews, H. E. The Qimate of Bermuda. 
 
 1892, Jan. 2. Vol. 55, p. 12-14. Y" 
 
 13. Specimen of Index to Maps of Bermuda. 
 Yc Redfield, W : C. Track of | Hurricane, | Oct. 1-9 | 1842. | 
 
 (/« Amer. Joum. of Science, 2d ser., v. i, p. 61.) 1846. 
 
 Size, 18.2 X 20.7 cm. 
 Uncolored. Scale, 2.1 cm. = 5° of longitude. 
 
 Y^ Reid, Sir W: Course of the ] Bermuda Hurricane | 12 Sept., 1839. | 
 
 (In his Progress of the Development of the Law of Storms.) 1849. 
 
 Size, 21.3 X 12.2 cm. 
 Scale, 3.8 cm. 10° of latitude. 
 
 18 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 P* Rein, J. J. Bermuda-Inseln. | 
 
 {In Bericht; Senckenbergische, [etc.]; 1869-70; p. 160.) 1870. 
 
 Size, 22. X 38.3 cm. 
 Printed in colors. Scale, 6.2 cm. = 4 miles. 
 
 yo YK') RoGGEVEEN, Arent. Pascaert van | t'Eylandt la B. | 
 
 (/« Het I Eerste Deel | van het | Brandende Veen; no. 30.) 1675. 
 
 Size, 40.3 X 50.2 cm. 
 Uncolored. Scale, 10. 1 cm. 2j^ Dutch miles. 
 
 14. Speomen of Index to Maps (1511-1630) depicting Bermuda. 
 
 Original. 
 
 Y* Ulpius, Euphrosynus. Copper Globe. 1542. 
 
 Size, 42 inches in circumference. 
 
 Reproductions. 
 
 Y*- Murphy, H: C. Regiones Orbis [etc.]. 
 
 (Voyage of Verrazzano: p. 114.) 1875. 
 
 Lithograph. Size, gore radius 22.4 cm. ; at base 19.8 cm. 
 
 Uncolored. Scale. 1.7 cm. = 5° of longitude. 
 
 ¥»• De Costa, B. F. The Globe of Vlpius-1542. 
 
 (Mag. of Amer. Hist., vol. 3, p. 17.) 1879. 
 
 Size, 21.6 cm. in circumference. 
 Uncolored. Scale. 1.3 cm. = 10° of longitude at equator. 
 
 Y^ WiNSOR, Justin. From the Ulpius Globe, 1542. 
 
 (Narr. & Crit. Hist, of Amer.: vol. 4, p. 42.) 1884. 
 
 Size, 19.3 X 11.2 cm. 
 Uncolored. Scale, 3.2 cm.:= 30° of longitude. 
 
 Note, — Arranged chronologically. 
 
 15. Specimen of Index to Maps (1511-1630) Bermuda Omitted. 
 
 1544. Cabot, Sabastian. Mappemonde. Original in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, 
 
 Stevens. Hist. & Geog. Notes, portion of pi. 4. 
 Rio Branco. Atlas Bresilien. no. 6. 
 " ' •■■ Hist. Mag. March, 1868 (vol. 3, 3d sen), p. 129. 
 
 RuGE. Entwickelung, p. 66. 
 1544, Munster, Sebastian. Mappemonde. Original in his Kosmographie. 
 
 Lelewel. Atlas. pi. 46. 
 Santarem. no. 57. 
 
 Ruge. Entwickelung, p. 67. 
 
 1544. Ruscelli, Girolamo. Original. • 
 
 WiNSOR. Narr. & Crit. Hist, of Amer. 2 :432. 
 Bancroft. Central Amer. 1:148. 
 
 1545. Allefonsce (Alfonce), lean. Chart (folio 187.) Original in his MS. Cos- 
 
 mographie, in the Bibl. Nationale, Paris, fons fran?, no. 676. 
 Muiu»Hy, H. C. Verrazzano. p. 2i7- 
 
 RuGE. Entwickelung, p. 67. 
 
 16. Specimen of Index to Atlases; Bermuda Omitted. 
 
 1744-45. TiRiON, Is. Nieuwe en Beknopte Atlas. Amster, [1744-45]. Y^ 
 
 Tiele no. 1095. 
 1745. Reynard, Louis. Atlas van Zeevaert; door Oltens and Bosch, I van der. 
 
 Amster (G. H. van Keulen), [i745]- Y^* 
 
 Tiele no. 911. 
 
 19 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 i6. Specimen of Index to Atlases ; Bermuda Omitted. — Continued. 
 1747. Seutter, Matthaeus. Atlas Novus. 2 vols, folio. 1747. A" 
 
 1753. HoMANNiANUS Haeredibus. Atlas Compendiarius sive Scholasticus. folio. 
 
 Norimbergae, 1753. V* 
 
 17. Specimen of Alphabetical Index to Maps. 
 Vaz Dourado (or Dura), Fernao. 
 Venezuelan Commission. Maps. 
 
 Verrazzano, Girolamo. 
 
 Vespucci, Juan. 
 « « 
 
 Viegas, Caspar. 
 
 Vinci, Leonardi da. 
 
 Vopell, Caspar. 
 <( « 
 
 Vrient, J. B. 
 
 Note. — The degree mark after a date (1566°) indicates that Bermuda is omitted. 
 
 18. Index to the Abbreviations used for the Libraries Consulted. 
 
 See Dourado. 
 
 
 18. Martyr. 
 
 1534 
 
 17. Fine. 
 
 1566' 
 
 19. Hakluyt. 
 
 1587 
 
 20. Ortelius. America. 
 
 1587 
 
 22. Speed. 
 
 1626 
 
 Mappemonde. 
 
 1529° 
 
 
 1523 
 
 
 1524 
 
 Carte. 
 
 1534° 
 
 Globe gores. 
 
 01519° 
 
 Nova et Univ. Orbis. 
 
 1543° 
 
 Cordiform mappemonde. 
 
 1556° 
 
 Orbis Terrae Comp. D. 
 
 1596 
 
 
 An Adaptation of Dr. H. Carrington Bolton's Scheme. 
 
 A« 
 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 
 N. Y. State Library. 
 
 B* 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Athenaeum Library. 
 
 BH 
 
 « 
 
 Mass. Historical Society. 
 
 B» 
 
 « 
 
 Public Library. 
 
 B» 
 
 <c 
 
 Mass. State Library. 
 
 BnB 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Brooklyn Library. 
 
 Bn^ 
 
 « 
 
 Long Island Historical Society. 
 
 C» 
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Harvard University. 
 
 Cole 
 
 
 Private Collection. 
 
 H» 
 
 Hamilton, Bermuda. 
 
 Public Library. 
 
 J' 
 
 Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 Free Public Library. 
 
 LnB 
 
 London, Eng. 
 
 British Museum Library. 
 
 W> 
 
 Madison, N. J. 
 
 Drew Theological Seminary. 
 
 Ox» 
 
 Oxford, Eng. 
 
 Bodleian Library. \ 
 
 P*^ 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Academy of Natural Sciences. 
 
 P' 
 
 <( 
 
 Franklin Institute. 
 
 Pa" 
 
 Paris, France. 
 
 Bibliotheque Nationale. 
 
 W^ 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 wp 
 
 " 
 
 Public Library. 
 
 Wo* 
 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 
 Antiquarian Society. 
 
 Y* 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 Astor Library. 
 
 Y" 
 
 « 
 
 New York Botanical Garden. 
 
 YO 
 
 <( 
 
 Columbia University. 
 
 YO 
 
 « 
 
 American Geographical Society. 
 
 YH 
 
 « 
 
 American Museum of Natural History. 
 
 YL 
 
 « 
 
 Lenox Library. 
 
 Y«» 
 
 u 
 
 Mercantile Library. 
 
 Yw 
 
 (C 
 
 Academy of Medicine. 
 
 Y8 
 
 » 
 
 New York Historical Society. 
 
 20 
 
COMPILING A BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 Sample Sheet of Final Recx)rd. 
 
 /yyo J)t2. 
 
 V- ff 
 
 
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 6^\Xl£j'l»-tJUt. , ; -(-^Ai- , VtV4-0 ttlt/yJn, y—'O. -htMijU, etc/., 
 
 ^f»C'7-2. i — toUAt\«^l 'R*^jt/vxXct/0 , /a. 3 i — CUt<t\x>ft/» cwX'PaWXov. 
 
 Xva/4.aa^*a/> J /s^. /J-iO ^ — J"uA/fe>o 5^JLa^vaJU 0LflLAAX4>» to 'oLoto-i^.^jL 
 >VuuJW<w^, /ijo 2 » - Z 3 j — -dLo^xnAOjL 'VVvA>uv\.*Ai>> ^;UvA>u>-tA., ^ I 3 j - 
 2u>(lL </2 TOo-^OA't^A.cKA/^'TVx.^/O >^/o av-itf" i-" .^tXto /I S-4JU 
 
 Live (Xojua^ o^ -4^, Cje-MSi/w^ Ct|aia^(rvuJbvv\jZ/vot« i/vw/Lt'u bUjt^ " 
 
 "^'^ <l'i^VtAA^yvvjiAJb , /> "' 
 
 73oJk 
 
 a/vv\>.,oi»'\A. 
 
 
 2.4 
 
 
 These sheets can be used as a card-catalogue or fastened together in pamphlet form. 
 
1 
 
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