IRLF 
 
LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 RECEIVED BY EXCHANGE 
 
 Class 
 
SOME FIGURATIVE USAGES 
 
 OF 
 
 VENIRE AND IRE 
 
 l* 
 
 BY 
 
 JAMES RAIDER MOOD 
 
 a H>i$0ertation 
 
 SUBMITTED TO THE BOARD OF UNIVEKSITY STUDIES OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 
 
 IN CONFORMITY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE 
 
 OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 19O4 
 
 BALTIMORE 
 
 J. H. FURST COMPANY 
 1907 
 
SOME FIGURATIVE USAGES 
 
 OF 
 
 VENIRE AND IRE 
 
 BY 
 
 JAMES RAIDER MOOD 
 
 SUBMITTED TO THE BOARD OF UNIVERSITY STUDIES OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 
 
 IN CONFORMITY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE 
 
 OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 19O4 
 
 BALTIMORE 
 
 J. H. FURST COMPANY 
 1907 
 
 [ UNIVERSITY 
 
UNIV.. 
 
 V 
 
 N^*L 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY vi 
 
 INTRODUCTION 1 
 
 I. WITH CASE 4 
 
 1. Withapreposition 4 
 
 a. With ad & ace 4 
 
 A. Venire 4 
 
 (1). In poetry 4 
 
 (2). In prose. A 4 
 
 6. With in & ace 6 
 
 A. Venire 6 
 
 (1). In poetry 6 
 
 (2). In prose 7 
 
 B. Ire 14 
 
 (1). In poetry 14 
 
 (2). In prose 15 
 
 c. With iuxta & ace 16 
 
 A. Venire 16 
 
 d. With prope & ace 16 
 
 A. Venire 16 
 
 e. With adversus, contra, in & ace. = against 16 
 
 1. With adversus 16 
 
 A. Venire 16 
 
 B. Ire 16 
 
 2. With contra 16 
 
 A. Venire 16 
 
 (1). In poetry 16 
 
 (2). In prose 16 
 
 B. Ire 17 
 
 (1). In poetry 17 
 
 (2). In prose 17 
 
 3. Within 17 
 
 A. Venire 17 
 
 B. Ire 17 
 
 (1). In poetry 17 
 
 (2). In prose 17 
 
 /. With eo&gen 17 
 
 A. Venire 17 
 
 g. With hue & gen 18 
 
 A. Venire 18 
 
 iii 
 
 
iv Contents. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 2. Without a preposition 18 
 
 A. Venire 18 
 
 B. Ire 18 
 
 II. WITH PREDICATE NOMINATIVE, OR ACCUSATIVE 19 
 
 a. Nouns 19 
 
 A. Venire 19 
 
 (1). In poetry 20 
 
 (2). In prose 20 
 
 B. Ire 20 
 
 (1). In poetry 20 
 
 (2). In prose 21 
 
 6. Adjectives 21 
 
 A. Venire. 21 
 
 (1). In poetry 21 
 
 (2). In prose 23 
 
 B. Ire 24 
 
 (1). In poetry 24 
 
 (2). In prose 25 
 
 c. Adjectives of the comparative degree 25 
 
 A. Venire 25 
 
 (1). In poetry 25 
 
 (2). In prose 26 
 
 d. Adverbs 27 
 
 A. Venire 27 
 
 (1). In poetry 27 
 
 (2). In prose 27 
 
 e. Perfect passive participles 27 
 
 A. Venire 27 
 
 (1). In poetry 28 
 
 (2). In prose 29 
 
 B. Ire 30 
 
 (1). In poetry 30 
 
 (2). In prose 31 
 
 /. Present participles 31 
 
 A. Venire 31 
 
 (1). In poetry 31 
 
 (2). In prose 31 
 
 g. Gerundives 31 
 
 A. Venire 32 
 
 (1). In poetry ,. 32 
 
 (2). In prose 32 
 
 h. Future participles 32 
 
 III. WITH INANIMATE SUBJECTS THEREBY PERSONIFIED 33 
 
 1. Present and future participles 33 
 
 a. Present participles 33 
 
Contents. v 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 A. Venire 33 
 
 (1). In poetry 33 
 
 (2). In prose 33 
 
 6. Future participles. 33 
 
 A. Venire 33 
 
 (1). In poetry 33 
 
 (2). In prose 36 
 
 2. Other parts Venire and ire 37 
 
 A. Venire 37 
 
 (1). In poetry 37 
 
 (2). In prose 38 
 
 B. Ire 39 
 
 CONCLUSION 40 
 
 LIFE..., , 49 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Lucius Apuleius, J. van der Vliet, Teubner, Leipzig, 1900. 
 
 C. lulius Caesar, B. Kiibler, Teubner, Leipzig, 1893. 
 
 Calpurnius Siculus, H. Schenkl, Leipzig, 1885. 
 
 M. Porcius Cato (A. C.), H. Keil, Teubner, Leipzig, 1894. 
 
 M. Porcius Cato (Frg.), H. Jordan, Teubner, Leipzig, 1860. 
 
 C. Valerius Catullus, Haupt-Vahlen, Leipzig, 1885. 
 
 M. Tullius Cicero, C. F. W. Miiller, Teubner, Leipzig, 1891. 
 
 Corpus lurisprudentiae Antehadrianae, F. P. Bremer, Teubner, 
 Leipzig, 1891. 
 
 Aelius Donatus, P. Wessner, Teubner, Leipzig, 1902. 
 
 Sextus Pompeius Festus, Aemil-Thewrewk De Ponor, Budapest, 
 1889. 
 
 Scaenicae Romanorum Poesis Fragmenta, O. Ribbeck, Teubner, 
 Leipzig, 1897. 
 
 Historicorum Romanorum Fragmenta, H. Peter, Teubner, Leip- 
 zig, 1883. 
 
 Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta, H. Meyer, Paris, 1837. 
 
 L. Annaeus Florus, O. Rossbach, Teubner, Leipzig, 1896. 
 
 M. Cornelius Fronto, S. A. Naber, Teubner, Leipzig, 1867. 
 
 Aulus Gellius, C. Hosius, Teubner, Leipzig, 1902. 
 
 Grammatici Latini, H. Keil, Teubner, Leipzig, 1857. 
 
 Gromatici Veteres, Blume-Lachmann-Rudorff, Berlin, 1848. 
 
 Q. Horatius Flaccus, A. Kiessling, Berlin, 1898. 
 
 C. lulius Hyginus (Astr.) (Mythographi Latini), Aug. Van Sta- 
 veren, Amsterdam, 1742. 
 
 C. lulius Hyginus (Fab.), M. Schmidt, Jena, 1872. 
 
 D. lunius luvenalis, L. Friedlander, Leipzig, 1899. 
 
 Titus Livius, Weissenborn Miiller, Teubner, Leipzig, 1902. 
 M. Annaeus Lucanus, C. Hosius, Teubner, Leipzig, 1892. 
 T. Lucretius Carus, A. Brieger, Teubner, Leipzig, 1899. 
 Aurelius Theodosius Macrobius, F. Eyssenhardt, Teubner, Leipzig, 
 1868. 
 vi 
 
Bibliography. vii 
 
 M. Manilius, F. Jacob, Berlin, 1846. 
 
 M. Valerius Martialis, L. Friedliinder, Leipzig, 1893. 
 
 Cornelius Nepos, A. Fleckeisen, Teubner, Leipzig, 1893. 
 
 Nonius Marcellus, L. Miiller, Teubner, Leipzig, 1898. 
 
 P. Ovidius Naso, A. Riese, Tauchnitz, Leipzig, 1871. 
 
 A. Persius Flaccus, B. L. Gildersleeve, New York, 1875. 
 
 Petronius Arbiter, F. Biicheler, Berlin, 1895. 
 
 Phaedrus, L. Miiller, Teubner, Leipzig, 1877. 
 
 T. Maccius Plautus, Ritschl-Loewe-Gotz-Scholl, Teubner, Leip- 
 zig, 1884-90. 
 
 C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus (Epist.), C. F. W. Miiller, Teubner, 
 Leipzig, 1903. 
 
 C. Plinius Secundus (N. H.), Jan-Mayhoff, Teubner, Leipzig, 
 1870. 
 
 Poetae Latini Minores, Aemilius Baehrens, Teubner, Leipzig, 1896. 
 
 Sextus Propertius, Haupt-Vahlen, Leipzig, 1885. 
 
 M. Fabius Quintilianus (Decl.), C. Ritter, Teubner, Leipzig, 1894. 
 
 M. Fabius Quintilianus (Inst. Orat), E. Bonnell, Teubner, Leip- 
 zig, 1861. 
 
 C. Sallustius Crispus, A. Eussner, Teubner, Leipzig, 1893. 
 
 Scriptores Historiae Augustae, H. Peter, Teubner, Leipzig, 1894. 
 
 L. Annaeus Seneca, Hense-Haase, Teubner, Leipzig, 1898. 
 
 L. Annaeus Seneca (Trag.), F. Leo, Berlin, 1878. 
 
 Servius Honoratus (Vol. I), G. Thilo, Teubner, Leipzig, 1878. 
 
 Servius Honoratus (Vol. II, III), Thilo-Hagen, Teubner, Leip- 
 zig, 1883-87. 
 
 C. Silius Italicus, L. Bauer, Teubner, Leipzig, 1890-92. 
 
 P. Papinius Statius (Theb.), P. Kohlmann, Teubner, Leipzig, 1884. 
 
 P. Papinius Statius (Achil.), A. Klotz, Teubner, Leipzig, 1902. 
 
 P. Papinius Statius (Silv.), A. Klotz, Teubner, Leipzig, 1900. 
 
 C. Suetonius Tranquillus, C. L. Roth, Teubner, Leipzig, 1871. 
 
 P. Cornelius Tacitus, C. Halm, Teubner, Leipzig, 1872. 
 
 P. Terentius Afer, C. Dziatzko, Tauchnitz, Leipzig, 1884. 
 
 Albius Tibullus, Haupt Vahlen, Leipzig, 1885. 
 
 C. Valerius Flaccus, P. Langen, Berlin, 1896. 
 
 Valerius Maximus, C. Kempf, Teubner. Leipzig, 1888. 
 
Vlll 
 
 Bibliography. 
 
 M. Terentius Yarro (L. L,), L. Spengel, Berlin, 1885. 
 
 M. Terentius Varro (R. R.), H. Keil, Teubner, Leipzig, 1889. 
 
 M. Terentius Varro (S. M.), F. Biicheler, Berlin, 1882. 
 
 P. Velleius Paterculus, R. Ellis, Oxford, 1898. 
 
 P. Vergilius Maro, O. Ribbeck, Teubner, Leipzig, 1895. 
 
SOME FIGURATIVE USAGES OF VENIRE 
 AND IRE. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 It is characteristic of many languages to express a large 
 number of ideas and shades of thought by extending in various 
 ways the sphere and use of the verbs of motion. In the large 
 majority of cases the underlying cause is the desire not to desig- 
 nate a given action or state as such, but to emphasize the con- 
 tinuance or the process of approaching or attaining it and vice 
 versa. The figurative use is of great importance here and the 
 figure may vary from the utmost clearness and picturesqueness 
 to the point at which it is practically invisible to the native 
 consciousness; from the stage where it is doubtful whether the 
 verb is literal or figurative, to the point at which all associations 
 of motion whether literal or figurative (cp. become, befall, evenit, 
 accidit) have practically been forgotten. 
 
 Such expressions may be found in all departments, from the 
 speech of ordinary life, to dignified prose and elevated poetry. 
 
 Some are characteristic of this or that sphere : others occur 
 throughout the entire language whether written or spoken. A 
 few random examples from English, the wealthiest of all lan- 
 guages in this department, may be cited by way of illustration. 
 We may fall sick, take leave of our senses, and afterwards come or 
 return to them again. Meanwhile we go or even run mad, crazy or 
 distracted. A man goes to pieces or comes to grief. One enters 
 upon the holy state of matrimony, approaches fifty, drops out of 
 politics. Things come up and about and out, turn up and out. 
 They also come right, go wrong, fall short, etc. 
 
 By the verbs of motion an abstract subject is often personified, 
 wholly or in part. So of death, life, youth, age, beauty, time, the 
 powers and manifestations of nature, such as day, night, tJie seasons, 
 
 1 
 
2 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 the year, the heavenly bodies, etc., etc. Such expressions were also 
 eminently characteristic of Greek, the language which exerted 
 a continuous and powerful influence upon the written speech 
 of Eome throughout the productive period of her literature. 
 A tendency to extend the verbs of motion in a similar fashion 
 is also visible in the various Romance languages and dialects, 
 those modern repositories of the unwritten speech of the Roman 
 streets and later of the provinces. 
 
 It would seem doubly important, therefore, to make a thorough 
 examination of Latin from this point of view, as a matter of 
 course directing one's attention especially to those cases in which 
 the verb of motion approaches more or less closely the meaning 
 and usage of an auxiliary. The tendency of the Greek to use 
 ep'xo^ai and other verbs of motion in this way is a well known 
 feature of the language and has been pointed out by Kuhner- 
 Blass, Grieeh. Gramm., II, 622, 623. 
 
 A similar use in the Romance languages, more especially of 
 Venire (Venir de parditre, venir trovato, parlando, etc., etc.), is 
 referred to for examples by Meyer-Lubke, Blanc, and Diez, 1 and 
 has been examined for early Florentine prose by Dr. J. E. Shaw, 
 of this University. 2 
 
 So far as Latin itself is concerned, I have been unable to dis- 
 cover anything beyond a few scattered references to the subject. 3 
 
 Servius, in a note on Vergil, Geo., 1, 29, An deus immensi 
 venias maris, says : ' Venias autem aliqui pro sis accipiunt, ac 
 si Graece diceret ovaa sive V7rdp%ovcra, ire veteres pro esse 
 dicebant.' 
 
 1 Meyer-Liibke, Grammaire, in, 308, Venire avec le participe se recontre 
 sporadiquement en Espagnol et en Portugais, plus souvent en Italien, et avec 
 une abondance tout particuliere dans le Parler Des Orisons, cp. D. Quich, 1, 23 : 
 1, 27 : G. de Amorim, Am. Patr. 77 : Sacch. 69 : Lasca, 185-7. Dans le Parler 
 Des Grisons Venire avec le participe est presque la seule fa9on de rendre le passif 
 latin. Cp. Barlaam, 256-1 ; cp. also Meyer-Liibke, op. cit., m, 312, 316, 331 : 
 Blanc, Grammatik d. Ital. Spr., (Halle, 1884), 513, 514: Diez, Grammatik, in, 
 205-6 : 201-2 : 238. 
 
 2 J. E. Shaw, The use of Venire and Andare as auxilliary verbs in early 
 Florentine Prose. Baltimore, 1903. 
 
 8 Some few points have been touched upon by some of the grammars, and these 
 will be noted in the order of their occurrence. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 3 
 
 Scaliger, on Tib., 1, 2, 76. Yigilanda venit, says : ' Pro 
 vigilanda est, Qua in figura creberrimus Propertius/ cp. also 
 Rothstein on Prop., 1, 5, 31 ; 1, 4, 10. 
 
 The most important reference, however, is that of C. F. W. 
 Muller on luv., vn, 29 (Friedlander), where he says : "Die 
 Gebrauch von Venire in einem Sinne, der sich mehr oder weniger 
 dem des Hiilfsverbums niihert, ohne die eigentliche Bedeutung 
 vollig zu verlieren (Peerlkamp, Horat. C., 1, 19, 16) hat sich 
 aus AYendungen entwickelt, wie advocatum alicui venire Jordan, 
 Cic. Caec., 9, 24, p. 182, Testem, ib., 10, 28, iudicem Cluent., 
 27, 75, contra aliquem venire, z. B. Murena, 4, 9, Plin. N. H., 
 xxvin, 106, odio venire ist auch nicht = esse oder fieri, sonderu 
 ihre Annaherung ist widerlich. 
 
 Bei Dichtern besonders von nahenden Gotteru, Ov. Trist., 4, 
 10, 7, Gratia Musa tibi. Nam tu solacia praebes, tu curae requies, 
 tu medicina venis. Horat. C., 1, 19, 16 : Verg. Geo., 1, 29. 
 Ebenso wird ire und incedere l gebraucht." 
 
 For the present, I have been obliged to limit my examination 
 to the period extending from Plautus to the end of the second 
 century. The gap between that period and the emergence of 
 the Romance languages will doubtless contain more abundant 
 and more valuable material ; but the investigation of it ought 
 to be preceded by an examination of the ground which I have 
 undertaken to cover in this study. Opinions may differ too, as 
 to the propriety of inserting or considering some other exam- 
 ples. I hope, however, that after all unfavorable deductions 
 have been made, enough unquestionable cases remain to justify 
 the conclusions presented. 
 
 1 Servius on Verg. Aen., 1, 46, says : " Incedere proprie est nobilium persona- 
 rum : hoc est cum aliqua dignitate ambulare, ut regina ad templum forma 
 pulcherrima Dido incessit, et aut iaculo incedit melior, etc." This I find true of 
 every case of incedere which I have examined. Dr. Muller may have run across 
 some examples in later Latinity. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 I. WITH CASE. 
 
 1 . With a preposition. 
 a. With ad & ace. 
 A. Venire. 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Ad sanitatem venire. 
 
 Phaed., v, 7, 12, aliquot menses transeunt ad sanitatem dum 
 venit curatio. 
 
 Ad litem venire. 
 
 Sen. (Baehrens P. L. M., iv), De div. form. 56-4, res venit 
 ad lites. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Ad beneficium venire. 
 
 Sen. De Ben., vi, 25, 3, ad beneficium iniuria veniunt. 
 
 Ad certamen venire. 
 
 Sail. B. lug., 13, 4, sed ubi res ad certamen venit. 
 
 Ad cicatricem venire. 
 
 Sen. Epist., I, 2, 3, non venit vulnus ad cicatricem. 
 
 Ad coniectum venire. 
 
 Liv., n, 31, 6, ad coniectum teli veniretur ; vn, 26, 9 ; xxn, 
 
 15, 8. 
 Ad controversiam venire. 
 
 Suet. De Khet., 1, donee sensim haec exoleverunt, et ad 
 controversiam ventum est. 
 
 Ad deditionem venire. 
 
 Caes. B. H., 36, 4, ex qua civitate legati ad deditionem 
 
 venerunt ; Liv., XL, 39. 
 Ad dimicationem venire. 
 
 Liv., I, 38, 4, ubi nusquam ad universae rei dimicationem 
 ventum est ; n, 56, 5 ; vi, 38, 2 ; vm, 29, 10, 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 5 
 
 Ad ebrietatem venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., ix, 17, 8, nounumquam et usque ad ebrietatem 
 veniendum. 
 
 Ad effectum venire. 
 
 Liv., xxi, 7, 6, postquam ad effectum operis ventum est. 
 Ad emendationem venire. 
 
 Yarro, Sent., 31, interfectum est quidquid ad emendationem 
 venit. 
 
 Ad exitum venire. 
 
 Liv., v, 12, 4, ut nullo bello veniretur ad exitum rei. 
 Ad extremum venire. 
 
 Liv., n, 44, 9, partim patientia plebis iam ad extrema 
 
 venisse ; m, 23, 5 ; iv, 26, 8 ; Tac. Agr., 28. 
 Ad fastigium venire. 
 
 Liv., XLIY, 1, per quae populus Romanus ad tantum fastigii 
 
 veuerit. 
 Ad finem venire. 
 
 Liv., iv, 2, 1, Ventum iam ad finem esse ; vin, 13, 11 ; x, 
 32, 5; xxv, 23, 1; Sen. Epist., xiv, 111 (91), 16. 
 
 Here might be compared finem tandem certaminum facerent, 
 Liv., in, 31, 7, although the construction here is active. 
 Ad immortalitatem venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., ix, 16, 4, et ad immortalitatem moriendo venerunt. 
 Ad mentionem venire. 
 
 Liv., xxxiv, 48, 5, praeterquam cum ad mentionem Nabidis 
 ventum esset; XLIV, 25 ; cp. Iuv.,vi, 508, nee mentio fiet 
 damnorum. 
 
 Ad mortem venire. 
 
 Sen. Epist., iv, 1 (30), 12, Venit aliquis ad mortem iratus ; 
 
 mortem venientem nemo hilaris excipit; iv, 1 (30), 15. 
 Ad nihilum venire. 
 
 Cic. Ad Fam., xi, 12, 1, omnia tua ilia praeclara in rem 
 publicam merita ad nihilum esse ventura, Liv., xxv, 
 16, 11. 
 
6 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 Ad parricidium venire. 
 
 Quint. Decl., cccxix, quoniam ad parricidium prioris criminis 
 
 diffidentia venit. 
 Ad perfectum venire. 
 
 Sen. Epist., iv, 7 (36), 6, ut quam tranquillissimus ille animus 
 
 ad perfectum veniat. 
 Ad sapientiam venire. 
 
 Sen. Epist., vm-xm, 88, 32, sine liberalibus studiis veniri 
 
 ad sapientiam posse. 
 Ad satisfactionem venire. 
 
 Quint. Decl., CCCLIV, ilium autem, utique volentem hanc 
 
 uxorem habere, ad satisfactionem venisse. 
 Ad seditionem venire. 
 
 Tac. Ann., xiv, 42, usque ad seditionem ventum est; cp. 
 
 Caes. B. C., I, 87 ; B. A., 57, seditione facta. 
 Ad spem venire. 
 
 Liv., XLIII, 16, adeo tamen ad extremum spei venit reus. 
 Ad tyrannicidium venire. 
 
 Quint. Decl., CCCXLV, negat enim hunc iuvenem ad tyranni- 
 cidium fuisse venturum, nisi pecunia conductus esset. 
 
 Ad usum venire. 
 
 Plin. N. H., xv, 28 (33), 110, multoque celerius talia ad 
 usum veniunt quam pinguia. 
 
 Ad virtutem venire. 
 
 Sen. Epist., xiv, 1 (89), 8, ad virtutem venitur per ipsam. 
 
 b. With in & ace. 
 A. Venire. 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 In amplexum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Rem. Am., 668, venit in amplexus atque ita 'vincis' 
 
 ait. 
 In arbitrium venire. 
 
 Ovid, Her., v, 34, Venit in arbitrium nuda Minerva tuum. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 7 
 
 In buccam venire. 
 
 Mart., xn, 24, 5, quidquid in buccam tibi venerit, loquaris. 
 In certamen venire. 
 
 Ovid, Ex Pont., n, 2, 87, Venit in certamen amoris : Italicus 
 
 (Baehrens, P. L. M., m) Ilias Lat,, 576. 
 In dubium venire. 
 
 Ter. Adelph., 340, Tua forma et gnatae vita in dubium 
 
 veniet ; Phaed., in, 13, 7. 
 In exemplum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., iv, 243, Venit in exemplum furor hie. 
 In imperium venire. 
 
 Sen. (Baehrens, P. L. M.,iv), Laus Caes., 31, oceanus medium 
 
 venit in imperium. 
 In ius venire. 
 
 Plaut. Poen., 185, ubi in ius venit. 
 In manus venire. 
 
 Ovid, Trist., iv, 7, 24, in nostras nulla venire manus ; Ex 
 
 Pont, in, 4, 4 ; Sen. Thyest, 494. 
 In morem venire. 
 
 Ovid, Ex Pont., n, 7, 39, iam dolor in morem venit meus. 
 In notitiam venire. 
 
 Incerti (Baehrens, P. L. M., i), Nux Eleg., 29, Hoc in noti- 
 tiam veniat maloque piroque. 
 In vacuum venire. 
 
 Hor. Sat., n, 5, 50, Heres et, si quis casus puerum egerit Oreo, 
 in vacuum venias. 
 
 (2). In prose : 
 
 In adiutorium venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., in, 13, 5, ita non in adiutorium virtutis venit, 
 
 sed in vicem. 
 In adoptationem venire. 
 
 Ael. Spart. (S. H. A., i), Hel. 7, 5, quique in adoptationem 
 venerunt. 
 
8 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 In advocationem venire. 
 
 Macrob., n, 4, 27, erubuit Caesar venitque in advocationem 
 
 ut, etc. 
 In aestimationem venire. 
 
 L. M. Priscus (C. I. A., n 2 , 356), D 10, 4, 9, 8, et ideo 
 
 Neratius ait utilitatem actoris venire in aestimationem. 
 In arbitrium venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., vi, 26, 3, ille in alieni percursoris venit arbitrium. 
 In amieitiam venire. 
 
 Caes. B. G., vi, 5, 4, item per Treveros venisse Germanis in 
 
 amieitiam cognoverat ; Liv., VII, 30, 2 ; vii, 30, 6 ; xxi, 
 
 39, 4 ; xxm, 43, 14 ; xxvi, 24, 4 ; xxxiv, 57, 8 ; 
 
 xxxvin, 9, 10; Proculus (C. I. A., n 2 , 127), Frg. 33. 
 
 In assignationem venire. 
 
 Hyginus (G. V.), De Cond. Agr., B. 114, modus eorum 
 limitum in adsignationem non venit ; Liber Col., I (G.V.), 
 Pic., A 97. 
 In buccam venire. 
 
 Cic. Ad Att., vii, 10, 1. Tu, quaeso, crebro ad me scribe, vel 
 quod in buccam venerit ; xiv, 7, 2 ; Sen. Apoc., I, 2 ; 
 Epist., xx, 1 (118), 1. 
 In casum venire. 
 
 Liv., xxn, 32, 2, in casum universae dimicationis, quam 
 
 omnibus artibus petebat hostis, non veniebant. 
 In certamen venire. 
 
 Cic. De Fin., v, 24, 71, Hi in virtutis certamen venerint; 
 
 Tusc., v, 27, 78. 
 In clientelam venire. 
 
 Tac. Dial., 41, quod munificium in clientelam nostram venit. 
 In complex um venire. 
 
 Cic. Ad Fam., xiv, 1, 3, Quin ego diem si videro et si in 
 
 vestrum complexum venero. 
 In eomputationem venire. 
 
 Plin. N. H., vi, 38, 209, universa mensura quae veniet in 
 eomputationem. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 9 
 
 In confessum venire. 
 
 Plin. Epist. ad Trai., 81 (84), 8, quae et in confessum venit 
 
 et exemplis defenditur. 
 In conloquium venire. 
 
 Liv., ix, 11, 4, quam in conloquium est ventum; xxxin, 
 
 12, 8. 
 In conspectiiiii venire. 
 
 Caes. B. G., iv, 12, 2, quam in conspectum agminis nostri 
 venissent; iv, 37, 4; vin, 23, 7; vni, 27, 3; vin, 
 29, 1; vm, 48, 8; B. C., n, 27, 3; n, 32, 5; m, 
 8, 4; m, 109, 5 ; B. Afr., 2, 5; Corn. Nep. Con., 3, 3 ; 
 Cic. De Fin., i, 7, 24; Verr., I, 58, 151 ; Ad Fam., x, 23, 
 5; Liv., vn, 40, 1 ; xxn, 15, 6; xxv, 18, 6; xxxi, 33, 
 8 ; xxxv, 27, 4 ; Val. Max., I, 7, 8 ; n, 7, 2 ; vin, 7, 15 ; 
 Yel. Paterc., n, 63, 1; Sen. Epist, vn, 6 (68), 2; Flor., 
 i, 28 (2-12), 11 ; Suet. Tib., 7; Div. lul., 35. 
 In consuetudinem venire. 
 
 Caes. B. C., in, 110, 2, qui iam in consuetudinem Alexan- 
 drinae vitae ac licentiae venerant ; B. Alex., 3, 2 ; Cic. 
 Caec., 216; De Off., n, 15, 55. 
 In contemptionem venire. 
 
 Caes. B. G., in, 17, 5, ut iam non solum hostibus in con- 
 temptionem Sabinus veniret ; v, 49, 7. 
 In contentione'in venire. 
 
 Cic. De Off., n, 20, 71, sed si res in contentionem veniet ; 
 
 Yerr. i, 1, 3. 
 In controversiam venire. 
 
 Cic. De Fin., iv, 10, 24, quae in controversiam veniunt ; 
 Quinct., 11, 38 ; Liv., xxxix, 25 ; Quint. Inst. Orat., in, 
 11, 24 ; Decl., CCLII. 
 In cruciatum venire. 
 
 Caes. B. G., i, 31, 2, Summum in cruciatum se ventures 
 
 viderent. 
 In deditioiiem venire. 
 
 Caes. B. G., VI, 3, 2, in deditionem venire ; VI, 9, 6 ; 
 
10 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 vm, 31, 4; Liv., n, 30, 15 ; iv, 61, 8; v, 32, 3; ix, 20, 
 4; xxm, 27, 8 ; xxxi, 40, 3 ; xxxii, 16, 16 ; xxxni, 
 37, 4 ; xxxvn, 2, 5 ; xxxvm, 3, 4 ; XL, 33 ; XL, 33 ; 
 XL, 41 ; XL, 47 ; XL, 53 ; XLIII, 4 ; Tac. Ann., i, 57 ; 
 n, 10 ; xm, 39 ; Flor., n, 13 (4-2), 33. 
 In desiderium venire. 
 
 Liv., in, 37, 3, et status pristinus rerum in desiderium 
 
 veniant. 
 In desperationem venire. 
 
 Sen. Epist., in, 4 (25), 2, cum hoc veterano parcius agendum 
 
 puto, ne in desperationem sui veniat. 
 In dicionem venire. 
 
 Liv., x, 10, 5, ita Nequinum in dicionem populi Romani 
 venit; xxix, 38, 1; xxxii, 31, 5; xxxni, 13, 12; 
 xxxni, 17, 15 ; xxxv, 51, 10; xxxvm, 11, 9 ; XL, 28 ; 
 XLI, 11. 
 In disceptationem venire. 
 
 Liv., xxxix, 36, in disceptationem veniunt. 
 In discrimen venire. 
 
 Cic. De Off., n, 9, 33, cum res agatur in discrimenque 
 ventum sit; Yerr., I, 43, 110 ; Plane., 22, 54; Frontinus, 
 ii (G.V.), De Cond. Agr., 163, 1. 
 In disputationem venire. 
 
 Sen. De Ben., n, 21, 1, illud magis venire in disputationem 
 
 potest. 
 In disquisitionem venire. 
 
 Liv., vm, 23, 14, in disquisitionem venit ; xxvi, 31, 2. 
 In dubium venire. 
 
 Cic. Quinct., 2, 5, quo mihi veniat in dubium tua fides et 
 constantia ; 21, 67 ; Ad Att., xi, 15, 2 ; Hyg. Poet. Astr., 
 IV, 10 ; Liv., in, 13, 7 ; Sen. Dial., v, 25, 3 ; Quint. Inst. 
 Oral, vn, 2, 2 ; Decl., ccxcvii. 
 In faciem venire. 
 
 Tac. Ann., xm, 38, dum positis loricis et galeis in faciem 
 pacis venirentur. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. H 
 
 In familiaritatem venire. 
 
 Cic. Verr., 11, 70, 169, in earn iam venerat [familiaritatem] 
 consuetudinem [que] in vendendus ; Ad Fam., vn, 15, 2. 
 
 Infidem venire. 
 
 Caes. B., Alex. 23, 2, quo si auctore in Caesaris fidem amiciti- 
 amque venturi essent ; Liv., vin, 2. 13 ; vui, 25, 3 ; vm, 
 26, 7 ; vin, 27, 2 ; x, 43, 8 ; xxxn, 2, 5 ; xxxvn, 32, 
 9 ; XLIII, 22 ; Sen. Dial., ix, 4, 1 ; Plin. N. H., in, 13 
 (18), 110 ; Pan., 32, 1 ; Flor., I, 16, 21. 
 Informant venire. 
 
 Liv., n, 48, 5, res proxime [in] formam latrocinii venerat. 
 In iniuriam venire. 
 
 Sen. Nat. Quaest., vi, 32, 8, quae quatiunt, et in iniuriam 
 nostram non sine sua veniant. 
 
 In invidiam venire. 
 
 Cic. Cluent., 47, 130, in invidiam porro magnam ilia iudicia 
 
 venerant; Varro, S. M. Bimarcus, vni (19, 25). 
 In irritum venire. 
 
 Flav. Vop. (S. H. A., n), Aurel., 47, 4, ne meae disposi- 
 
 tiones in irritum veniant. 
 In ius venire. 
 
 Liv., iv, 9, 6, Yen turn in ius est ; xxxm, 40, 6. 
 In lucem venire. 
 
 Suet. Frg., x, ita suppressit ut ne unquam in lucem venire 
 
 posset. 
 In luerum venire. 
 
 Sen. De Ben., vn, 27, 2, hie non contentus angusto itinere 
 
 ipsa, quibus arcetur, evertit et in luerum ruina venit. 
 In manum venire. 
 
 Cic. Ad Att, vn, 17, 2, quae in omnium manus venturae 
 
 essent; Sail. B. lug., 101, 4; Liv., I, 39, 6 ; Plin. Pan., 
 
 17, 3; Tac. Dial., 37; Front. Epist, ad Caes., 11, 10; 
 
 Flor., i, 18 (n-2), 23 ; I, 22 (n-6), 10 ; Gell., n, 23, 7. 
 
 In mensuram venire. 
 
 Liber Col., I (G. V.) Mens. Term., A 110, alia loca sunt 
 sub secina, quae in mensuram non venerunt. 
 
12 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 In morem venire. 
 
 Liv., XLII, 21, quod iam in morem venerat. 
 In necessitatem venire. 
 
 Liv. vii, 30, 11, ante omnes ipsi in hanc necessitatem 
 
 venerunt. 
 In numerum venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., ix, 3, 5, in numerum stipendiorum veniunt. 
 In obligationem venire. 
 
 Proc., (C. I. A., ii 2 , 152), D 45, 1, 21, sine dubio centum 
 
 quidem in obligationem venire. 
 In oblivionem venire. 
 
 Liv., X, 23, 10, postremo in oblivionem venit ; xxm, 35, 
 
 9 ; Sen. Dial., iv, 5, 3 ; Plin. Pan., 87, 4. 
 In odium venire. 
 
 Cic. De Eep., I, 40, 62, superbia Tarquinii nomen hinc 
 populo in odium venisse regiurn ; Ad. Att., x, 8, 6 ; 
 Flav. Vop. (S. H. A., n), Aurel., 36, 3. 
 In opinionem venire. 
 
 Corn. Nep. Milt., 7, 3, utrisque venit in opinionem signum a 
 
 classiariis regiis datum ; Cic. Ad Fam., viu, 10, 2. 
 Inpartem venire. 
 
 Sen. Nat. Quaest., I, 16, 7, oculi quoque in partem libidinis 
 
 veniant. 
 In perieulum venire. 
 
 Caes. B. C., I, 17, 2, quod nisi fecerit, si cohortesque 
 amplius xxx magnumque numerum senatorum atque 
 equitum Romanorum in perieulum esse ventururn. 
 In possessianem venire. 
 
 Cic. De Leg. Agr., in, 3, 11, si precario venit in posses- 
 sionem; Ad Att., IV, 2, 3; Liv., xxxv, 12, 2; Sen. 
 Dial., I, 3, 11 ; Quint. Decl., cccxxxvi ; Labeo (C. I. 
 A., n, 117), Frg., 124. 
 In potestatem venire. 
 
 Caes. B. G., n, 13, 2, sese in eius fidem ac potestatem 
 venire ; viu, 44, 4 ; B. C., n, 22, 1 ; n, 32, 4 ; n, 32, 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 13 
 
 9; B. Afr., 52, 4; B. Al., 64, 2; Fig., 18; Corn. 
 Nepos. Alcib., 5, 5; Datam., 3,4; Eum., 11, 4; Cic. 
 Verr., I, 57, 150 ; Phil., xi, 9, 21 ; Ad Att, ix, 7 c, 2 ; 
 Hyg. Fab., 27 ; Liv., V, 25, 7 ; vm, 20, 6 ; vm, 25, 4; 
 ix, 38, 1 ; xxn, 59, 2 ; xxn, 59, 9 ; xxv, 15, 1 ; xxvi, 
 34, 3 ; xxvi, 38, 13 ; xxvi, 49, 8 ; xxvn, 27, 8 ; xxx, 
 15, 5 ; xxx, 44, 12 ; xxxi, 18, 8 ; xxxn, 18, 9 ; xxxin, 
 11, 1 ; xxxv, 16, 8; xxxvi, 11, 11; xxxvii, 30, 7; 
 xxxix, 20; XL, 4; XL, 49; XLV, 41; Sen. Epist. (vin- 
 xm), 74, 1 ; Flor., n, 19 (iv-vm), 4; Fronto, Epist. Ad. 
 Caes., 11, 10. 1 
 In professionem venire. 
 
 Quint. Decl., CCCXLI, ea res, de qua iudicatis, in professionem 
 
 non venit. 
 In proverbium venire. 
 
 Liv., XL, 46, Vulgatum illud, quia verum erat, in proverbium 
 
 venit ; Plin. N. H., xxix, 5 (32), 102. 
 In quaestionem venire. 
 
 Quint. Inst. Orat., vn, 2, 14, si tan turn subita mors in 
 quaestionem venit; Tertius (G. I. A., n, 9), Macrob. 3, 
 11, 5. 
 In rationem venire. 
 
 Petron. Cena Trim., 53, et ideo in rationem nondum venerunt ; 
 
 Suet. Nero, 39. 
 In religionem venire. 
 
 Liv., xxn, 33, 7, in religionem etiam venit. 
 In segetem venire. 
 
 Sen. Epist., xx, 4 (121), 15, nam et ilia herba, quae in 
 
 segetem frugemque ventura est. 
 In servitutem venire. 
 
 Liv., XLII, 21, cuius dolo malo is in servitutem venisset ; 
 XLIII, 8. 
 
 1 Here Venire in potestatem is active and means to become powerful, whereas in 
 the other instances it means, to come into the power of, be taken. 
 
14 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 In simulationem venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., ix, 15, 6, in simulationem etiam res simplicissima, 
 
 dolor, veniat. 
 In societatem venire. 
 
 Cic. Ad Fam., ix, 14, 4, meque aliqua ex parte in societatem 
 tuarum laudum venire patiare ; Pro Lig. 8, 25 ; Varro, 
 L. L., vi, 68. 
 In sollicitudinem venire. 
 
 Caes. B. C., in, 31, 4, summamque in sollicitudinem ac 
 
 timorem Parthici belli provincia cum venisset. 
 In spem venire. 
 
 Caes. B. G., I, 18, 9, summamque in spem per Helvetios 
 regni obtinendi venire; I, 42, 3; in, 6, 2; vn, 12, 5 ; 
 Vii, 30, 4 ; B. C., i, 72, 1 ; Frag. 1 9 ; Cic. Ad Fam., 
 XI, 13 (a), 1 ; Ad Att., ix, 13 A, 2 ; Liv., n, 44, 7 ; 
 XL, 12 ; XLI, 25 ; Suet. Div.Yesp. 5. 
 In suspicionem venire. 
 
 Caes. B. G., VI, 19, 3, De morte si res in suspicionem venit ; 
 Corn. Nep. Paus. 4, 1 ; Cic. Phil., I, 6, 15 ; Val. Max., 
 vm, 4, 2; Sen. Frag. 80; Suet. Div. lul., 9; Tib. 12; 
 Proculus (C. I. A., n 2 , 137) D, 12, 4, 15. 
 In unum venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., I, 5, 7, et quamvis magna videatur varietate 
 
 singulorum vita distingui, summa in unum venit, 
 In usum venire. 
 
 Varro, L. L., ix, 68, neque eorum singularia in usum 
 venerunt; ix, 69; Plin. N. H., xxiv, 11 (54), 91; 
 Fenest, Frg. 25 (Peter). 
 In vacuum venire. 
 
 Sen. Epist., xx, 5 (122), 6, ilia ebrietas iuvat, quae in 
 vacuum venit. 
 
 B. Ire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 15 
 
 In complexus ire. 
 
 Stat. Silv., i, 1, 97, iuxta Ibit in complexus natus fraterque 
 
 paterque et soror. 
 In lacrimas ire. 
 
 Stat. Theb., xi, 193, ibant in lacrimas; Carm. Verg. (Baeh- 
 
 rens, P. L. M., iv), De Eccl., 79. 
 In laudes Ire. 
 
 Stat. Theb., vi, 436, it furor in laudes. 
 In Martem ire. 
 
 Sil. Ital., iv, 228, ibant in Martem terrae dominantis alumni ; 
 
 vi, 445. 
 In risum ire. 
 
 Avianus (Baehrens, P. L. M., v), Fab., xiv, 10, ipsum etiam 
 in risum compulit ire lovem. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 In diplum ire. 
 
 Cic. Pro. Flac., 21, 49, si iudicatum negaret in diplum iret. 
 In exemplum ire. 
 
 Tac. Ann., in, 50, neque interfectus in exemplum ibit. 
 In humorem ire. 
 
 Sen. Nat. Quaest., in, 29, 6, incipiet ergo putrescere, dehinc 
 
 laxata ire in humorem. 
 In oblivionem ire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., x, 13, 7, Satius erat ista in oblivionem ire. 
 In possessionem ire. 
 
 Labeo (C. I. A., n, 117), Frag. 124, an vero ex quo praeter 
 
 decrevit, ut eatur in possessionem. 
 In sententiam ire. 
 
 Cic. Phil., xi, 6, 15, in earn (sententiam) se iturum ; Liv., 
 i, 32, 12; v, 9, 2; xxxiv, 43, 3; XLII, 3; Gell., in, 
 18, 1. 
 In somnum ire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., I, 5, 9, languida ingenia et in somnum itura. 
 
16 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 G. With iuxta & ace. 
 A. Venire. 
 
 Iuxta seditionem venire. 
 
 Tac. Ann., vi, 13, isdem constilibus gravitate annonae iuxta 
 seditionem ventum. 
 
 d. With prope & ace. 
 
 A. Venire. 
 
 Prope secessionem venire. 
 
 Liv., vi, 42, 10, quia patricii se auctores futures negebunt 
 prope secessionem plebis res terribilesque alias minas ci- 
 vilium certaminum venit. 
 Prope seditionem venire. 
 
 Liv., xxvi, 48, 8, ea contentio cum prope seditionem veniret ; 
 Tac. Hist., in, 21. 
 
 e. With adversus, contra, in & ace. = against. 
 
 1. With adversus. 
 
 A. Venire. 
 
 Liv., XLIII, 22, adversus quos venerat. 
 
 B. Ire. 
 
 Liv., xxxvn, 13, 8, postquam nemo adversus ibat. 
 
 2. With contra. 
 A. Venire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Stat. Theb., x, 354, en reduces contra venit aspera mater. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Cic. Verr., n, 43, 107, si de litteris coruptis contra venit ; 
 Pro. Mur., 4, 9, ilium ipsum quern contra veueris; Tusc., 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire mid It&*^ 17 
 
 I, 31, 77 ; Pro. Rose. Com., 6, 18 ; Phil., vm, 6, 18 ; Sail. 
 B. lug., 25, 6 ; Trebell. Poll. (S. H. A., n), Gall. Duo., 2, 3. 
 
 B. Ire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Verg. Aen., xi, 438, ibo animis contra ; xi, 504, solaque 
 Tyrrhenes equites ire obvia contra; Stat. Theb., n, 21, 
 m, 307; ix, 16; x, 460; xn, 360; Sil. ItaL, n, 362; 
 x, 51 ; C. Lucil. (Baehrens, P. L. M., vi), Sat. xxvi, 
 447; Carm.Verg. (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv), Ale. 21. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Sail. B. lug. 31, 6, uti contra iniurias Armati eatis. 
 (3). With in. 
 
 A. Venire. 
 
 Incerti (Baehrens, P. L. M., v), Orest. 630, Donee in infaraes 
 iugulos vindicta veniret. 
 
 B. Ire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., v, 176, in apros audet et hirsutas comminus ire 
 feras ; Val. Flac., vn, 470. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Liv., n, 6, 8, Sensit in se iri Brutus. 
 /. With eo and gen. 1 
 A. Venire. 
 
 l Cp. Stolz-Schmalz, LaL Gramm., 62 ad fin. Eo and gen. (as hue and gen, 
 cp. below) expresses degree; cp. Tac. Hist., i, 16, eoque discordiae ventum 
 come to such a degree of discord, become so discordant. This is a favorite figure with 
 Tacitus. For a parallel usage in Greek with verbs of motion and tip.1, cp. Soph. 
 O. T. , 770, & TOffovrov 4\iriSd)v tfjiov /SejSwros ; 836, TO<TOVTOV y tcrri/AOi TTJS {\7rl8os. 
 Cp. also Ar. Nub., 832 ; Soph. O. C., 748 ; Aesch. Cho., 996 ; Eurip. Hipp., 937 ; 
 Phoen., 425 ; Herod., vii, 38 ; cp. R. C. Jebb on Soph. O. T., 771 ; Lys., xn, 93. 
 
18 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 Eo demeniiae venire. 
 
 Sen. Nat. Quaest., iv, 9 (Praef.), eo enim iam dementiae 
 
 venimtis, ut. 
 Eo discordiae venire. 
 
 Tac. Hist., i, 16, eoque discordiae ventum. 
 Eo miseriae venire. 
 
 Sail. B. lug. 14, 3, quoniam eo miseriarum venturus eram. 
 Eo necessitatis venire. 
 
 Tac. Hist., i, 16, nunc eo necessitatis iam pridem ventum est. 
 
 g. With hue and gen. 
 
 A. Venire. 
 
 Tac. Ann., vi, 24, hue confidentiae venisse, ut. 
 
 (2.) Without a preposition. 
 
 A. Venire. 
 Exemplo venire. 
 
 Liv., XLII, 8, pessimo exemplo venisse. 
 Odio venire. 
 
 Plin. N. H., xxvm, 8 (27), 106, rursus tali sinistri cinere 
 
 decocto cum sanguine mustellae perunctos omnibus odio 
 
 venire, idem fieri oculo decocto. 
 Usu venire. 
 
 Caes. B. G., vn, 9, 1, quod haec de Vercingetorige usu 
 
 ventura opinione praeceperat ; B. Afr., 57, 3 ; Corn. Nep. 
 
 Alcib., 4, 5; Agesil., 8, 2; Hann., 12, 3; Att., 16, 4; 
 
 Cic. De Fin., i, 3, 8; v, 2, 4; Verr., n, 5, 14; m, 46, 
 
 110 ; v, 39, 101 ; Pro. Tull., 4, 9 ; Pro. Cluent., 20, 53 ; 
 
 De Leg., n, 22, 57 ; Tusc., i, 30, 73 ; De Nat. Deo., i, 
 
 21, 59 ; De Off., m, 3, 15 ; De Sen., 3, 7 ; Pro. Rose. 
 
 Am., 15, 42; Pro. Eosc. Com., 11, 30; Acad., 11, 11, 
 
 35 ; n, 18, 56 ; Ad Fam., in, 8, 6 ; Ad Att., vn, 26, 1 ; 
 
 ix, 18, 1 ; Liv., VI, 20, 2 ; Petron. Cena Trim., 61 ; 
 
 Cato. Orat. Eel., LXXIV ; Frg., 83 (Peter) ; Frg., 167 
 
 (Meyer) ; Apul. Met., I, 20 ; Apol., 16 ; Gell., ix, 1, 2 ; 
 
 x, 12, 3 ; xi, 13, 6 ; xn, 1, 23 ; xiv, 1, 15 ; Eel., vin. 
 
 B. Ire. 
 
 Ovid Trist., v, in, 27, Si fas est exemplis ire decorum. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 19 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 II. WlTH PREDICATE NOMINATIVE OR ACCUSATIVE. 
 
 a. Nouns. 
 A. Venire. 
 (1). In Poetry. 
 
 Adsertorein venire. 
 
 Mart., i, 52, 5, si de servitio gravi queruntur, adsertor venias 
 
 satisque praestes. 
 Advocatum venire. 
 
 Cic. Pro. Gael., 4, 10, illi ne advocatus quidem venit, umquam. 
 cp. Plaut. Amph., 1037, quaeso et advocatus ni adsis neve 
 abeas ; Cic. De Off., i, 10, 32 ; Ad Quint, Frt., n, 3, 1. 
 Amieam venire. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., vi, 510, non venit haec nostris hospes arnica 
 
 choris. 
 Auctorem venire. 
 
 Sen. Phoen., 349, auctorque placidae liberis pacis veni. 
 Causam venire. 
 
 Ovid, Rem. Am., 322, haec odio venit maxima causa meo ; 
 Med. Form. 48 ; cf. Ovid, Ex Pont., I, 2, 69, sed te bona 
 (causa) net agente ; Mart., vin, 45, 8, Luxuriae net tarn 
 bona causa meae. 
 Comitem venire. 
 
 Ovid, Her., iv, 103, ipsa comes veniam ; Her., xin, 161 ; 
 
 Met., xi, 705 ; Fast,, v, 50. 
 
 Note. The common phrase here is comitem ire, cp. below. 
 Coni-ivam venire. 
 
 Sen. Thyest., 63, non novi sceleris tibi conviva venies. 
 
 Mart., vni, 67, 2. 
 Deum venire. 
 
 Verg. Geo., I, 29, An deus immensi venias maris. Cp. Miil- 
 ler's note on luv., vn, 29 (Friedlander). Deum fieri is 
 
20 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 also found. Cp. Verg. Aen., ix, 185, an sua cuique deus 
 fit dira cupido ; Ovid, Fast., in, 677 ; v, 620 ; also Plaut. 
 Amph., 864, Qui interdum fio luppiter, quando lubet ; 
 luv., V, 138, dominus tamen et domini rex si vis tu fieri. 
 
 Medidnam venire. 
 
 Ovid, Trist., iv, 10, 118, tu medicina venis. 
 
 Partieipem venire. 
 
 Sen. Here. Fur., 369, particeps regno veni, cf. Plaut. True., 
 748, non licet obsoni participem fieri. 
 
 Proditorem venire. 
 
 Ovid., Am., n, 8, 26, quod si stulta negas, iudex ante acta 
 fatebor et veniam culpae proditor ipse meae. 
 
 Supplicem venire. 
 
 Ovid., Met., v, 514, "pro" que "meo veni supplex tibi, 
 luppiter " inqtiit ; Verg. Aen., vin, 382, cp. Plaut. 
 Pseud., 1318, uti tibi fierem supplex. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Adiutorem venire. 
 
 Cic. De. Nat. Deo., I, 7, 17, repetam vero, quamquam non 
 mihi, sed tibi hie venit adiutor, cp. Miiller's note on luv., 
 vn, 29 (Friedlander) ; H. L. Wilson on luv., vii, 29. 
 
 Delatorem venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., iv, 7, 3, alius delator venit eius criminis, cuius 
 manifestior reus est. 
 
 Victorem venire. 
 
 Tac. Hist., iv, 34, simul vastatione incendiisque flagrantium 
 villarum venire victorem exercitum intellegebatur. 
 
 Vitium venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., vn, 13, 3, quae statim venerunt vitia. 
 
 B. Ire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
n \ 
 
 \j \v i v 
 
 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 21 
 
 Advocatum ire. 
 
 Plaut. Epid., 422. Res magna amici apud forum agatur, ei 
 
 volo ire advocatus. 
 Comitem ire. 
 
 Tib., i, 4, 41, neu comes ire neges, quamvis via longa pare- 
 tur ; Prop., V, 5, 46 ; Verg. Aen., n, 704 ; Sen. Oed., 720 ; 
 Val. Flac., vii, 202 ; Stat. Theb., iv, 59 ; Achil., I, 539 ; 
 Sil. Ital., x, 135; Carm. Verg. (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv), 
 Ovid, Epig,. 87 ; Pervig. Yen. (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv), 
 29; Liv. Drac. (Baehrens, P. L. M., v), Med., 162; In- 
 certi (Baehrens, P. L. M., v), Orest., 609. 
 Ducem ire. 
 
 Yal. Flac., vi, 15, legatos placet ire duces. 
 Pabulum ire. 
 
 Stat. Theb., ix, 300, Ibitus aequoreis crudelia pabula monstris. 
 Praedam ire. 
 
 Stat. Theb., i^ 516, pelagi ibit Praeda feris. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Ultorem ire. 
 
 Tac. Hist., i, 65, irent ul tores, exciderent sedem Gallici belli. 
 
 b. Adjectives. 
 A. Venire. 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Aequum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Her., n, 62, quaecumque e merito spes yenit, aequa venit. 
 Aptum venire. 
 
 Incerti (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv), Aliter, 6, nam quae con- 
 spicinms montani roboris ossa, Humanis veniunt usibus 
 apta satis. 
 Castum venire. 
 
 Sen. Phaed., 1241, casti venimus. 
 Cerium venire. 
 
 Ovid, A. A., in, 478, fac timeat speretque simul, quotiensque 
 remittes, Spesque magis veniat certa minorque metus. 
 
22 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 Cupidum venire. 
 
 Stat. Theb., xi, 686, veniat cupidus parere satelles. 
 
 Dignum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Ex. Pont., n, 2, 90, quamqua decreta merenti venit 
 honoratis laurea digna comis ; luv., VII, 29. Dignum fieri 
 is also found, cp. Mart., n, 66, 8, ut digna speculo fiat 
 imago tuo. 
 Gratum venire. 
 
 Ovid, A. A., I, 750, haec quoque ab alterius grata dolore 
 
 venit; in, 752. 
 Ignotum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Trist., I, 1, 60, nee te, quod venias magnam pere- 
 grinus in urbem, ignotum populo posse venire puta. 
 
 Ingratum venire. 
 
 Prop., in, 34, 81, non tamen haec ulli venient ingrata 
 
 legenti. 
 Innocuum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., n, 623, innocui veniant. 
 Iratum venire. 
 
 Stat. Theb., n, 449, Iratus, germane, venis. 
 Laseivum venire. 
 
 Mart., vin, 78, 9, nunc veniunt subitis lasciva nomismata 
 
 nimbis. 
 Lassum venire. 
 
 Plaut. Pseud., 661, nam ut lassus veni de via, me volo curare. 
 Longum venire. 
 
 Prop., in, 15, 24, nox tibi longa venit, nee reditura dies; Stat. 
 Theb., n, 321 ; German. (Baehrens, P. L. M., i), Aratea, 
 630. 
 Mortiferum venire. 
 
 Sen. Med., 688, et quaesit quibus mortifera veniat. 
 Pacatum venire. 
 
 Stat. Silv., in, 1, 39, pacatus mitisque veni nee turbidus ira. 
 Serum venire. 
 
 Mart., I, 25, 8, cineri gloria sera venit. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 23 
 
 venre. 
 Lygd. Eleg., m, 6, 32, venit post multos una serena dies. 
 
 Tardum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., in, 350, tarda venit dictis difficilisque fides; 
 
 Mart., v, 48, 8. 
 Tidum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Am., n, 2, 56, iudicis ilia sui tuta favore venit. 
 
 UUimum venire. 
 
 Mart., xi, 91, 2, ultima cui parvae septima venit hiems. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Infestum venire. 
 
 Quint. Inst. Orat., v, 11, 22, sic eius modi indices infesti 
 
 turn reo venerant. 
 Improvidum venire. 
 
 Liv., xxvi, 39, 7, velis turn forte improvidus futuri cer- 
 
 taminis Romanus veniebat. 
 Iratum venire. 
 
 Cic. Ad Att., ix, 9, 2, at quam veniet iratus ; In Vat. 2, 4 ; 
 
 Verr., v, 45, 120. 
 Leve venire. 
 
 Liv., in, 56, 7, etsi seras non leves tamen venire poenas. 
 Longum venire. 
 
 Liv., in, 2, 10, longam venire noctem ratus. 
 Minax venire. 
 
 Sen. Nat. Quaest, vi, 32, 3, quam minax veniat quantumque 
 
 sit. 
 Novum venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., I, 4, 6, quicquid illis incident, novum veniet. 
 Ornatum venire. 
 
 Cic. Pro Sull., 18, 50, tu ornatus exuviis huius venis ad 
 
 eum lacerandum. 
 Paratum venire. 
 
 Cic. Pro Lig., 1, 1, Paratus enim veneram, . . . ut; In 
 Caecil., 13, 43 ; 15, 47 ; 15, 50 ; Verr., 3, 7; 40, 103 ; n, 
 
24 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 6, 17; ii, 15, 37; n, 37, 91; Pro Quinct., 11, 39; De 
 Nat. Deo., ra, 1, 2; Phil., n, 35, 88; Plin. N. H., 
 xvn, 18 (30), 135. 
 Praeparatum venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., v, 37, 3, fortis est animus ad quae praeparatus 
 
 venit. 
 Primum venire. 
 
 Cic. Ad Fam., in, 6, 1, ut in succendo primum venirem. 
 Siccum venire. 
 
 Plin. N. H., n, 51 (52), 137, quae sicca veniunt non adurunt 
 sed dissipant. 
 
 B. Ire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Candidum ire. 
 
 Ovid, Trist., n, 142, nube solet pulsa candidus ire dies. 
 Compar ire. 
 
 Incerti (Baehrens, P. L. M., v, LX), Euch., 10, Compar 
 
 silicibus nunc hyacinthus eat. 
 Contrarium ire. 
 
 Lucan, I, 78, Fratri contraria Phoebe ibit. 
 Cassabundum ire. 
 
 Cn. Naevius (Ribbeck, C. F.), Incert. Fab., xm, Risi egomet 
 
 mecum cassabundum ire ebrium. 
 Ebrium ire. 
 
 Sext. Turp. (Ribbeck, C. F.) Thras., n, nemo unquam vidit 
 
 ebrium interdiu. 
 Leve ire. 
 
 Gratius (Baehrens, P. L. M., i), Cyn., 123, ne leve vulnus eat. 
 Nudum ire. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., n, 287, ipse deus nudus nudos iubet ire minis- 
 
 tros; Mart., ix, 56, 6, cp. English <go naked.' 
 Praeposterum ire. 
 
 Ovid, Trist., I, 8, 5, omnia naturae praepostera legibus ibunt. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 25 
 
 Pulverulentum ire. 
 
 Mart., in, 5, 8, est illi coniunx, quae te manibusque sinuque 
 
 Excipiet, tu vel pulverulentus eas. 
 Romanum ire. 
 
 Mart., x, 7, 7, sic et cornibus aureis receptis et Romanus eas 
 
 ultraque ripa. 
 Securum ire. 
 
 Tib., in, 4, 54, quae tibi secures non sinit ire dies; Ovid, 
 
 Trist., I, 1, 49; Val. Flac., IV, 201. 
 Sinistrum ire. 
 
 Lucan, in, 248, umbras mirati nemorum non ire sinistras. 
 Tenue ire. 
 
 Carm. Verg. (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv, 201), Hipp., 31, umbrae 
 ibant tenues, odium crudele tyranni saepe queri et longas 
 infletum ducere voces. 
 Tutum ire. 
 
 Stat. Silv., in, 1, 59, et tutas sinit ire feras. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Amictum ire. 
 
 Macrob., in, 13, 4, ut bene amictus iret, faciem in speculo 
 quaerebat. 
 
 c. Adjectives of comparative degree. 
 A. Venire. 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Aldus venire. 
 
 Stat. Theb., iv, 38, neque enim altior ulli meus hausto de 
 ponte venit ; Liv. Drac. (Baehrens, P. L. M., v), Carm. 
 Prof., 391, cp. Lucret., iv, 960, fit ratione eadem coniectus 
 partim animai altior. 
 Amplius venire. 
 
 Tib., iv, 1, 96, sive hac sive iliac veniat gravis impetus 
 hastae Amplior. 
 
26 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 Candidius venire. 
 
 Tib., I, 7, 64, candidior semper candidiorque veni, cp. Cat., 
 LXXX, 1, quare rosea ista labella Hiberna fiant can- 
 didiora nive. 
 
 Expeetatius venire. 
 
 Plaut. Most., 442, 3, nimio edepol ille potuit expectatior 
 venire. 
 
 Languidius venire. 
 
 Ovid, Ex Pont., iv, 10, 44, at notus ad verso tepidum qui 
 spirat ab axe, est procul et rarus languidiorque venit. 
 
 Lenius venire. 
 
 Hor. Od., I, 19, 16, mactata veniet lenior hostia, cp. Hor. 
 Epist., n, 2, 211, Lenior et melior fis. 
 
 Mains venire. 
 
 Ovid, Ex Pont., iv, 16, 3, famaque post cineres maior venit; 
 Phaed., I, 2, 31 ; Lucan, I, 635, cp. Ovid. Trist., n, 
 67, non tua carminibus maior fit gloria ; n, 68, ut maior 
 fiat. 
 
 Melius venire. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., VI, 246, suscipit et melior protinus ilia venit ; 
 Stat. Theb., in, 508; Silv., v, 2, 164, cp. Ovid, Ex Pont., 
 II, 11, 14, admoniti melior fit tamen ilia suo; Hor. Epist., 
 n, 2, 211, Lenior et melior fis accidente senecta. 
 
 Mitius venire. 
 
 Sen. Phaed., 437, sed tu beatis mitior rebus veni. 
 
 Mollius venire. 
 
 Ovid, Trist., iv, 5, 20, dum veniet placido mollior aura deo ; 
 Fast., n, 148; Ex Pont., in, 3, 84; cp. Ex Pont., I, 5, 
 14, sed non fit fato mollior (versus) ille meo. 
 
 Numerosius venire. 
 
 Mart., iv, 1, 3, Longa, precor, Pylioque veni numerosior, 
 aevo semper et hoc vultu vel meliore mite. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 27 
 
 Iratius venire. 
 
 Cic. Phil., in, 2, 4, cum multo ncbis omnibus veniret iratior, 
 
 quam illis fuerat, quos trucidaverat. 
 Maturing venire. 
 
 Liv., i, 46, 3, ut taedio regnum maturior veniret libertas. 
 Note. I have found no parallel instances with fieri to these 
 particular adjectives, but one might compare Cic. Phil., ix, 14, 
 sepulcra sanctiora fiunt vetustate; De Sen., 26 ; Milo., 65, etc. 
 
 d. Adverbs. 
 A. Venire. 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Gravius venire. 
 
 Ovid, Her., iv, 19, venit amor gravius, quo serius. 
 Satis venire. 
 
 Verg. Aen., vn, 470, se satis ambobus Tucrisque venire 
 Latinisque, cp. Liv., xxi, 17, 6, si ad arcendum Italia 
 Poenum consul alter satis est. 
 Vilius venire. 
 
 Plaut. Cure., 243, si id feceris, venire poteris intestinis vilius. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Carius venire. 
 
 Varro, R. R., in, 16, 23, propter quam rem etiam carius in 
 
 sacra via quam mel venit. 
 Gratius venire. 
 
 Sen. De Ben., I, 7, 2, quae danti aut extorquentur aut 
 
 excidiunt, multoque gratius venit, quod. 
 Turpissime venire. 
 
 Plin. Epist, v, 9 (21), 6, rem pulcherrimam turpissime 
 venire non patitur. 
 
 e. Perfect passive participles. 
 A. Venire. 
 
28 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Actum venire. 
 
 Prop., iv, 7, 30, ista per humanas mors venit acta manus ; 
 
 IV, 5, 18. 
 Adesum venire. 
 
 Mart., xni, 84, 1, hie scaurus, aequoreis qui venit adesns 
 
 ab undis. 
 Captum venire. 
 
 Mart., iv, 66, 7, Captus flumineo venit de gurgite piscis. 
 Coactum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Ex Pont., n, 2, 120, venit et ad vires ira coacta suas. 
 Oonductum venire. 
 
 Plant. Pseud., 850, quo condnctus venio ; Epid., 500. 
 Delapsum venire. 
 
 Ovid, A. A., I, 43, haec tibi non tenues veniet delapsa per 
 auras ; Symp. (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv), Pluvia, 40. Cp. 
 Cic. De Fin., I, 19, 63, quae quasi delapsa de caelo est ; 
 Ad Quint. Frt., 1, 1, 2, 7, aut etiam de caelo divinum homi- 
 num esse in provinciam delapsum putent. 
 Extensum venire. 
 
 Sil. Ital., IV, 617, et laterum extensus venit atra cuspide 
 
 vulnus. 
 Exustutn venire. 
 
 Sil. Ital., in, 269, his simul, immitem testantes corpore 
 
 solem, Exusti venere Nubae. 
 Generatum venire. 
 
 Sapientes (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv), Euph., 153, 11, San- 
 guine Sisyphio generatus venit Ulixes. 
 Inritatum venire. 
 
 Prop., 1, 10, 25, inritata venit, quando coutemnitur ilia. 
 Laudatum venire. 
 
 Stat. Silv., v, 1, 254, si quando pio laudata marito umbra venit. 
 Missum venire. 
 
 Lucret., VI, 425, in mare qua missi veniant ratione superne ; 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 29 
 
 Ovid, Am., in, 6, 16; Trist., in, 9, 3; in, 14, 26; Mart., 
 x, 73, 7 ; Ennius (Baehrens, P. L. M., vi), Ann., 343. 
 Moratwm venire. 
 
 Plaut. Aul., 239, dum modo morata recte veniat, dotata est satis. 
 Notatum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Ex Pont., IV, 3, 26, venisset verbis charta notata tribus. 
 Oblatum venire. 
 
 Stat. Silv., in, 3, 69, Libertas oblata venit. 
 Obortum venire. 
 
 Ovid, A. A., n, 88, nox oculis pavido venit oborta metu. 
 Subductum venire. 
 
 Mart., xin, 36, 1, haec quae Picenis venit subducta trapetis. 
 Tortum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Her., iv, 158, quod veniant proavi fulmina torta manu. 
 Vicfum venire. 
 
 Repos. (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv), De Concub., 78, post praelia 
 victor victus amore venit. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Accommodatum venire. 
 
 Boethius (G. V.), Geomet., i, 1516, traditionem .... Latio 
 
 accommodatam venire. 
 Adactum venire. 
 
 Plin. N. H., vin, 7, 20, pilum autem sub oculo adactum in 
 
 vitalia capitis venerat. 
 Circumfusum venire. 
 
 Liv., n, 22, 6, magna circumfusa multitudo venit. 
 Compulsum venire. 
 
 Cic. Pro Place., 2, 3, qui hue compulsi concitatique venerunt. 
 Conductum venire. 
 
 Sen. De. Ben., iv, 25, 3, ne ad res honestas conducta veniat. 
 Deditum venire. 
 
 Liv., vii, 27, 9, sunt qui hanc multitudinem captivam 
 servorum fiiisse scribant, idque magis veri simile est quam 
 deditos venisse. 
 
30 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 Expectatum venire. 
 
 Cic. De Dom., 7, 16, veni expectatus ; Ad Fam., iv, 10, 1 ; 
 
 Plaut. Most., 441. 
 Imitatum venire. 
 
 Plin. N. H., xvi, 43 (84), 233, testudo in hoc secta, 
 nuperque portentosis ingeniis principatu Neronis inven- 
 tum ut pigmentis perderet se plurisque veniret imitata 
 lignum. 
 Missum venire. 
 
 Cic. Ad Fam., x, 31, 5, nisi qui ad senatu missus venisset. 
 Volgatum venire. 
 
 Liv., ix, 2, 4, iam is [et] rumor ante de industria volgatus 
 venerat ad Romanes. 
 
 B. Ire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Auctoratum ire. 
 
 Hor. Sat., n, 7, 59, quid refert usi virgis ferroque necari 
 
 auctoratus eas. 
 Congestum ire. 
 
 Sen. Thyest., 843, ibit in unum congesta suum turba 
 
 deorum. 
 Demissum ire. 
 
 Stat. Silv., I, 1, 43, it tergo demissa chlamys. 
 Exactum ire. 
 
 Prop., iv, 1, 8, exactus tenui pumice versus eat. 
 Obortum ire. 
 
 Ovid, Ex Pont., n, 3, 90, gutta per attonitas ibat oborta 
 
 genas. 
 Invectum ire. 
 
 Verg. Culex, 341, ne quisquam propriae fortunae nurnere 
 
 dives Iret invectus caelum super. 
 Nisum ire. 
 
 Sen. Here. Fur., 1320, hac nisus ibo. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 31 
 
 Repulsum ire. 1 
 
 Prop., n, 4, 12, Saepe repulsus eas. Cp. Ovid, Am., n, 9, 46. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Accitum ire. 
 
 Sail. B. lug., 102, 3, qui quamquam acciti ibant, tamen 
 placuit verba apud regem facere. 
 
 /. Present participles. 2 
 A. Venire. 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Exoriens venire. 
 
 Prop., IV, 5, 27, qua (luna) venit exoriens. 
 Fugiens venire. 
 
 Verg. Culex, 111, Delia diva, tuo, quo quondam victa furore 
 
 venit Nyctelium fugiens Cadmeis Agave. 
 Praeteriens venire. 
 
 Lucil. (Baehrens, P. L. M., vi), Sat. xxix, 651, hue, alio cum 
 
 iter haberet, praeteriens venit. 
 Volans venire. 
 
 Lucret., vi, 742, e regione ea quod loca cum venere volantes ; 
 vi, 833. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Maturans venire. 
 
 Sail. B. lug. 22, 1, legati in Africam maturantes veniunt. 
 Cp. above. 
 
 g. Gei*undives? 
 
 1 Rothstein (on Prop., n, 4, 12) thinks eas=abeas, and perhaps he is right. 
 
 2 This is a redundancy common to Greek, and in all probability was borrowed 
 from Greek by the Komans. In Greek, this construction is common both to 
 poetry and to prose. Cp. Eurip. Or., 1624 ; Find., N., 7 ; Herod., 1, 122 ; Plat. 
 Phaed., 100 B., etc., etc. Cp. Kuhner-Blass, Griech. Gramm., n, 622. 
 
 3 Cp. Stolz-Schmalz, Lot. Gramm. (Miiller's Handbuch d. Klass. Alt., n 8 ), 
 166, 2, Den Passiven entsprechend werden auch intransitiv gebrauchte Verba 
 Konstruiert, so bei Plaut. venio, vgl. Mil. 891, quam venit vobis faciundum 
 utrumque. 
 
32 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 A. Venire. 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Dolendum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Her., v, 8, qua venit indigno poena, dolenda venit. 
 Faciundum venire. 
 
 Plaut. Mil., 891, quom venit vobis faciundum utrumque. 
 Gestandum venire. 
 
 Sen. Thyest, 7, Sisyphi numquid lapis Gestandus umeris 
 
 lubricus nostris venit. 
 Locandum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Am., I, 10, 30, Sola locat noctes, sola locanda venit. 
 Videndum venire. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., in, 794, haec ilia nocte videnda venit. 
 Vigilandum venire. 
 
 Tib., i, 2, 76, cum fletu nox vigilanda venit; Prop., iv, 15, 
 2 ; cp. Tib., I, 8, 64, est mini nox multis evigilanda malis. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Gaudendum venire. 
 
 Sen. Dial., II, 19, 2, ex quo solo sibi gaudenda veniant. 
 
 h. Future participles. 1 
 
 Note: The supines with ire might well belong here, but as a 
 treatment may be had in almost any grammar, 2 there is no reason 
 for inserting them. 
 
 1 Stolz-Schmalz, o. c., 176. 
 
 2 Cp. Stolz-Schmalz, Lai. Gramm., 185-86 ; Draeger, Hist. Syntax, d. lat. Spr., 
 ii, 857 ff. ; Kiihner, Lat. Gramm., n, 128. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 33 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 III. WlTH INANIMATE SUBJECTS THEREBY PERSONIFIED. 
 
 (1). Present and future participles. 1 
 
 a. Present participles. 1 
 A. Venire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Fatum venietis. 
 
 Ovid, Met., vn, 605, ultroque vocant veuientia fata; Lucan, 
 
 vn, 212. 
 Uum venieiw. 
 
 Stat. Theb., xn, 74, venientia qui nunc Gaudia. 
 Fama reniens. 
 
 Verg. Aen., vi, 889, incenditque animum famae venientis 
 amore. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Aerwn veniens. 
 
 Sen. Nat. Quaest., vn, 30. 5, multa venientis aevi populus 
 ignota nobis sciet. 
 
 b. Future participles. 
 A. Venire. 
 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 1 Die Partizipien werden attributiv gebraucht und zwar das Part. Praes. Act. und 
 Perf. Pass, in der ganzen LatinitaU Die attributiv Verwendung des Part. Fut 
 Act. ist im Altlatein noch nicht bekannt (denn das Ennius urbs peritura gesagt 
 hat, wie Stacv in AVolfflin's Archiv. x. 41 will, ist Kaum glaublich, etc,, etc.) ; 
 cp. Stalz-Schmalz, o. c. 176. 
 
 'For this construction in Greek, cp. Kuhner-Blass., Gricck. Grctrnwi,, n, 623. 
 
34 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 Aeium vfnturum. 
 
 Verg. Aen., vin, 627, haut vatum ignarus venturique inscius 
 
 aevi : cp. Ovid, Her., iv, 130, aevo moritura future. 
 Amor venturus. 
 
 Stat. Theb., I, 472, et has venturus amor praemiserit iras. 
 Annus venturus. 
 
 Stat. Silv., in, 3, 38, venturosque tuus durabit in annos. 
 Bellum venturum. 
 
 Verg. Aen., in, 458, Venturaque bella; ix, 643. Cp. Cic. 
 Lael., 3, 11, qui .... non modo praesentia, verum etiam 
 futura bella delevit. 
 Casus venturus. 
 
 Lucan, vn, 151, non tamen abstinuit ventures prodere casus 
 
 Per varias fortuna notas. 
 Clades ventura. 
 
 Lucan, n, 6, noscant venturas ut dira per omnia clades. 
 Coniunx ventura. 
 
 Prop., IV, 22, 42, hie ampla nepotum spes et venturae 
 
 coniugis aptus amor. 
 Dies ventura. 
 
 Liv. Dracont. (Baehrens, P. L. M., v), Med. 476, post 
 
 noctem ventura dies. 
 Dolor venturus. 
 
 Ovid, Her., xvin, 107, nee, quia venturi dederis mihi signa 
 
 doloris. 
 Fames ventura. 
 
 Lucan, v, 450, gravis hinc languore profundi Obsessis ven- 
 tura fames. 
 Fatum venturum. 
 
 Ovid, Met., xv, 557, oraque Venturis aperire recentia fatis; 
 xv, 799; Lucan, iv, 474; vi, 591 ; Cato (Baehrens, P. 
 L. M., in), Disticha, iv, 22. Cp. Verg. Aen., n, 246, 
 Tune etiam fatis aperit Cassandra futuris ora. 
 Fulmen venturum. 
 
 Stat. Silv,, in, 3, 158, et venturi fulmmis ictus. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 35 
 
 Gaudium venturum. 
 
 Stat. Achil., i, 267, et ventura iuventae Gaudia. 
 Hiems ventura. 
 
 Verg. Geo., IV, 156, venturaeque hiemis memores ; Stat. 
 
 Theb., i, 347. 
 luventa ventura. 
 
 Stat. Silv., n, 1, 52, O ubi venturae spes non longinqua 
 
 iuventae. 
 Kalendae venturae. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., i, 705, at quae venturas praecedit sexta Kalendas. 
 Letum venturum. 
 
 Ovid, Met., xin, 162, praescia venturi genetrix Nereia leti 
 
 dissimulat cultu natum. 
 Luctus venturus. 
 
 Ovid, Met., v, 549, venturi nuntia luctus. 
 Lux ventura. 
 
 Prop., v, 4, 63, et iam quarta canit venturam Lucina lucem ; 
 
 Verg. Moreturu, 4 ; Lucan, iv, 125. 
 Malum venturum. 
 
 Prop., i, 9, 18, haec est venturi prima favilla mali, cp. Cic. 
 
 Tusc., in, 15, 32, futuri mali; iv, 6, 11 ; iv, 30, 64. 
 Mons venturus. 
 
 Sen. Tbyest., 76, iamque venturi times montis riiinam. 
 Mors ventura. 
 
 Lucan, vn, 130, multorum pallor in ore mortis venturae. 
 Nepos venturus. 
 
 Ovid, Met., xv, 835, in que futuri temporis aetatem venturo- 
 
 rumque nepotum. 
 Nonae venturae. 
 
 Ovid, Fast., I, 311, ergo ubi nox aderit Venturis tertia nonis. 
 Propago ventura. 
 
 Stat. Silv., iv, 4, 81, credetne virum ventura propago. 
 Ruina ventura. 
 
 Ovid, Ex Pont., in, 2, 11, cuinque dedit paries venturae signa 
 ruinae. 
 
36 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 Saeclum venturum. 
 
 Verg. Eel., IV, 52, venture laetentur ut omnia saeclo ; Aen., 
 in, 458; Geo., IV, 156; Val. Flac., vi, 103, cp. Verg. 
 Cat., vi, 15, saeclis futuris; Cic. Tusc., i, 15, 33 ; Vulg. 
 Marc., 13, 8, saeculum futurum. 
 Senecta ventura. 
 
 Prop., v, 11, 93, discite venturam iam nunc lenire senectam ; 
 
 Ovid, A. A., in, 59. 
 Timor ventura. 
 
 Stat. Theb., x, 563, consumpsit ventura timor. 
 Vices venturae. 
 
 Stat. Theb., IV, 620, sanguine venturasque vices. 
 Vita ventura. 
 
 Lucan, iv, 481, incerto venturae tempore vitae, cp. Cic. De 
 Fin., v, 19, 53, philosophi fingunt qualis futura sit vita 
 sapientium ; Vulg. Coloss., 3, 3, saepius vero dicitur de 
 vita, quae est supra naturam, tarn praesens quam futura. 
 Venturus. 
 
 Verg. Aen., vi, 66, tuque, O sanctissima vates, praescia 
 venturi ; Geo., iv, 393 ; Ovid, Met., vi, 156 ; ix, 418 ; 
 Calp. Sic., r, 34 ; Lucan, V, 732 ; vn, 20 : Sen. Here. 
 Fur., 872 ; Stat. Theb., HI, 626 ; iv, 628 ; Carm. Verg. 
 (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv), Hipp., 129. cp. Liv., vi, 12, in 
 futurum vident ; Cic. De Rep., 4, 2, atque ipsa mens, quae 
 futura videt ; Stat. Silv., iv, 3, 132 , Verg. Aen., iv, 508 ; 
 VI, 12. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Bonum venturum. 
 
 Cic. Tusc., iv, 7, 14, lubido (est) opinio venturi boni; cp. De 
 Fin., I, 18, 60, futura (bona) ; Tusc., iv, 6, 11, bonorum 
 futurorum. 
 Imber venturus. 
 
 Sen. Nat. Quaest., 11, 27, 2, ideo huius modi tonitrua ven- 
 turi praenuntia imbris sunt. 
 
Some Figurative V sages of Venire and Ire. 37 
 
 Malum venturum. 
 
 Sen. Dial., i, 4, 7, molles Venturis mails servat ; Epist., n, 1, 
 (13), 8 ; cp. Cic. Tusc., in, 14, 29, futurorum malorum ; 
 m, 15, 32 ; iv, 6, 11 ; iv, 30, 64. 
 
 Occasus venturus. 
 
 Sen. De Ben., in, 33, 3, occasusque veuturi defensor. 
 
 Supplicium venturum. 
 
 Sen. De Ben., u, 5, 3, quod antecedit tempus maxima ven- 
 
 turi supplicii pars est. 
 Venturus. 
 
 Plin. N. H., u, 53 (54), 141, profecit scientia ut ventura 
 alia finite die praecinat ; Sen. Epist., I, 5, 9, nos et ven- 
 ture torquemur et praeterito ; m, 6 (27), 2 ; iv, 1 (30), 
 8 ; (vin-xm), 72, 8 ; (vm-xm), 78, 12; xvi, 3 (98), 
 6 ; xx, 7 (124), 17. 
 Note. For parallels here, cp. above. 
 
 (2). Other parts of venire and ire. 
 A. Venire. 
 (1). In poetry. 
 
 Capillum venire. 
 
 Ovid, A. A., n, 118, et tibi iam venient cani, formose, capilli 
 
 lam venient rugae. 
 Fastidium venire. 
 
 Ovid, A. A., n, 323, nee tibi morosi veniant fastidia 
 
 morbi. 
 Fiduciam venire. 
 
 Ovid, A. A., i, 269, prima tuae menti veniat fiducia, cunctas 
 
 Posse capi. 
 Finem venire. 
 
 Sil. Ital., xvn, 47, Finem armis tandem finemque venire 
 
 periclis. 
 Fur or em venire. 
 
 Sen. Agam., 1012, veniet et vobis furor. 
 
38 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 Honorem venire. 
 
 Hor. A. P., 401, sic honor et nomen divinis vatibus atque 
 carminibus venit; Ovid, A. A., n, 278. 
 
 lacturam venire. 
 
 Ovid, Am., I, 14, 15, nulla Sophocleo veniet iactura cothurno. 
 
 Mortem venire. 
 
 Tib., n, 4, 43, seii veniet tibi mors. 
 
 Oblivium venire. 
 
 Ovid, Trist., v, 12, 17, ut veniant patriae, veniant oblivia 
 vestri; Ex Pont, n, 4, 29; n, 11, 5; Stat. Theb., 
 V, 450. 
 
 Quietem venire. 
 
 Sen. Troad., 440, ignota tandem venit afflictae quies; 995. 
 
 Usum venire. 
 
 Plaut. Stich., 475, quando usus veniet, fiet ; Poen., 727 ; Mil. 
 Glor., 3; Merc., 518; Epid., 535 ; Cist., 147 ; Bacch., 
 363; Ter. Heaut, 555 ; Phorm., 73; 505; Adelph., 895; 
 Cat., 98, 3 ; Ovid, Met., vi, 29. 
 
 (2). In prose. 
 
 Amorem venire. 
 
 Tac. Ann., xiv, 52, postquam Neroni amor eorum venisset. 
 
 Fiduciam venire. 
 
 Quint. Decl., CCLXIX, illud certe manifestum est, hinc, tibi 
 venire fiduciam negandi. 
 
 Finem venire. 
 
 Liv., II, 45, 10, finemque venisse Romano imperio. 
 
 Usum venire. 
 
 Cato. De Agric., iv, 1, si quid bona salute usus venerit, 
 benigne dependent; oil, 1; CLVII, 10; Orig., iv, 7; 
 Gell., m, 7, 18; vi (vn), 17, 4 ; xiv, 7, 4; xvn, 9, 9 ; 
 Varro, (C. I. A., i, 125), Frg. 4. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 39 
 
 B. Ire. 
 
 Decus ire. 
 
 Sil. Ital., vii, 209, it monti decus. 
 Honorem ire. 
 
 Val. Flac., IV, 217, mox omnibus idem ibit honor. 
 
 Inquietam ire. 
 
 Petron. (Baehrens, P. L. M., iv), De Bello, 108, 4, et unde 
 vento ibat fluctibus inquieta summis. 
 
40 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 In order to make my conclusion as complete and at the same 
 time as clear and precise as possible, it may be best to again take 
 up the subject by categories, noting under each head the deduction 
 warranted. 
 
 Within the sphere of the constructions which I have examined, 
 the extension of the verb of motion beyond its ordinary normal 
 usage is always for the purpose of expressing continuance or more 
 frequently approach or attainment as regards a given action 
 or state. Hence we see that although we may say that venire or 
 ire is equivalent to esse or fieri, the native meaning of the verb is 
 still felt in one way or another, though, in some cases, it is not 
 apparent to the native consciousness. 
 
 I. With ease -f- a preposition. 
 
 The most important, at all events, the most common of these 
 constructions is that in which the verb of motion, generally used 
 in a more or less figurative sense, is associated with a noun governed 
 by ad or in. 
 
 In the large majority of cases the phrase thus formed is practi- 
 cally equivalent to the simple verb suggested by the meaning of 
 the noun plus the emphasis or attainment which is furnished by 
 the verb of motion and the preposition. The equivalent, or nearly 
 equivalent, construction is almost always fieri with a predicate. 
 
 Thus venire in servitutem servum fieri (less nearly servire or 
 servum esse). Sometimes the constructions are still found side by 
 side. 1 
 
 (a). With ad -f ace. 
 
 This usage is very rare in poetry : but there are two instances 
 that may have been borrowed from the prose writers, judging 
 
 1 In order to make a comparison here, it would be necessary to go over the entire 
 sphere again. Such cases as I have been able to find through the aid of the indices 
 and dictionaries I have noted, otherwise I shall reserve this for future study. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. . 41 
 
 from its frequency there. Here Venire seems to mean to reach the 
 point of, generally of passing from one state to another and hence 
 almost to become. 
 
 In prose the sphere is very much more extended. Here, too, the 
 matter of department plays an important role ; some phrases here 
 are military ; cp. ad deditionem venire, Caes, B. H., 36, 4 ; Liv., 
 XL, 39, etc.; while others appear to be popular; cp. ad contro- 
 versiam venire ; Sen., De Rhet., 1 ; ad satisfactionem venire ; Quint. 
 Decl., CLIV, etc., etc. 
 
 The meaning is the same as noted above. In fact a parallel 
 usage with fieri is found, cp. Liv., XLIV, 25, ubi ad pecuniae 
 mentionem venturn erat, and luv., I, 508, nee meutio fiet 
 damnorum. 
 
 (b). With in -f ace. 
 
 Like the above, this usage is rare in poetry, and even those 
 cases found there seem to have been borrowed from the prose 
 writers, judging from the number of parallel instances found. 
 Cp. In buccam venire, Mart., xn, 24, 5 ; Cic. Ad Att., vn, x, 1 ; 
 In certamen venire, Ovid. Ex Pont., n, 2, 87 ; Cic. De Fin., v, 
 24, 71. (In prose the sphere is broad, extending from Csesar to 
 Suetonius). 
 
 Ovid furnishes most of the examples from the poets, and this 
 may be accounted for by his style of writing which is pregnant 
 with variety of expression as w r ell as construction. In prose the 
 sphere is broad, in fact the construction occurs throughout the 
 sphere which I have examined. Instances are more frequent 
 with venire than with ire, and, to anticipate, we shall find this 
 true of the majority of categories taken up. 
 
 Here again we find the matter of departmental usage. For the 
 military sphere, compare such phrases as venire in amicitiam, 
 conspectum, deditionem, fidem, manum, potestatem, etc.; for the 
 legal sphere, such phrases as venire in contentionem, controversiam, 
 discrimen, etc., etc. ; ire in diplum, sententiam, which phrases are 
 probably popular. Compare also for this sphere venire in buccam, 
 aestimationem, desperationem. Many of the unique phrases found 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 here are also probably popular. So it appears that this construc- 
 tion, like the one above, is very largely departmental. 
 
 (c). With iuxta -\- ace. 
 
 There is but one instance of such a construction (i. e. Tac. 
 Ann., vi, 13, iuxta seditionem ventum). This phrase appears to 
 be military. 
 
 (d). With prope -f ace. 
 
 Three cases occur, two in Livy and one in Tacitus; there is 
 apparently no difference in meaning from the phrase above. Cp. 
 Prope secessionem venit, Liv., VI, 42, 10 ; prope seditionem 
 veniret, Liv., xxvi, 48, 8 ; Tac. Hist., in, 21. 
 
 (e). With adversus, contra, in, = against. 
 
 Such phrases, save with contra, are rare. Venire -f contra is 
 prosaic, but one case occurring in poetry (Stat. Theb., x, 3, 54) ; 
 while ire -f contra is poetic, but one case occurring in prose 
 (Sail. B. lug., 31, 6). 
 
 For the other prepositions see the body of dissertation for 
 citations. 
 
 (f). With eo, hue -j- gen. 
 
 This construction is very rare. It is found only with venire. 
 Venire is found with eo -\-gen, Sail. B. lug., 14, 3 ; Tac. Hist., I, 
 16 ; Sen. Nat. Quaest., 4, 9 (Praef.) ; with hue -\- gen., Tac. Ann., 
 VI, 24. 
 
 Here eo, hue appear to express degree, cf. Tac. Hist., 1, 16, 
 eoque discordiae ventum = come to such a degree of discord, become 
 so discordant. For Greek see the body of this dissertation. 
 
 2. Without a preposition. 
 
 With the exception of usu venire, this usage is rare. Here the 
 verb of motion is used with the ablative of circumstance, cf. Weis- 
 senborn Muller's note on Liv., xxv, 4, 7. Usu venire is the 
 classic form. The post-classic is usu evenire, cf. Claud. Mam., 33, 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 43 
 
 157, non saepe usu evenit = man meide es. Usu here is ablative 
 as pessimo exemplo, Liv., XLII, 8. 1 
 
 This usage is prosaic, save one case with ire (Ovid. Trist., v, 3, 
 27). The sphere of usu venire is very broad, extending all the 
 way from Csesar to Gellius. It is a stock phrase and very probably 
 popular. Excepting usu venire, the only phrases found are, pessi- 
 mo exemplo venisse, Liv., XLII, 8, odio venire , Plin. N. H., xxvm, 
 8 (27), 106, exemplis ire, Ovid. TrisL, v, 3, 27. 
 
 II. With predicate nominative or accusative. 2 
 
 Here the verb of motion seems to approach more or less closely 
 the simple copula esse or what has very little difference in meaning, 
 i. e., fieri. In some cases a parallel usage with fieri is recorded, 
 cp. Ovid, Rem. Am., 322, haec odio venit maxima causa meo ; 
 Mart., vii, 45, 8, luxuriae net tarn bona causa meae. 
 
 (a). Nouns. 
 
 The verb of motion is used with nouns in the predicative sense, 
 and here loses color and becomes nearly equivalent to esse or fieri. 
 The noun, however, in the great majority of cases seems to be per- 
 sonified, and herein lies the main difference between the noun 
 construction and the corresponding adjectival or participial con- 
 struction, cp. Ovid, Rem. Am., 322, haec odio venit maxima causa 
 meo ; Yerg. Geo., 129, an deus immensi venias maris ; Ovid, 
 Trist., iv, 10, 18, tu medicina venis ; Cic. De Nat. Deo., i, 7, 17, 
 
 J Cp. Krebs, Antibarb. d. lat. Spr., n, 481, Gildersleeve-Lodge, Lat. Gramm., 
 553, 3. Stolz-Schmalz, Lat. Gramm., 327. 
 
 2 The classification of examples under II, is for several reasons, a very difficult 
 matter to handle. In some cases, venire is literal. The chief value and interest 
 therefore, of such examples as these, is to show the fondness of Latin for using a 
 predicate noun, adjective, or participle, as a shortened method of expression in- 
 stead of a dependent clause, cp. such expressions as expectatus veniam familiaribus, 
 Plaut. Most., 441, cp. Stolz-Schmalz, o. c., 180. 
 
 The difficulty of classification is largely caused by this category, since the syn- 
 tactical relation is the same in all cases, and, therefore, every individual example 
 demands examination. The tests to be applied call for a thorough knowledge of 
 the language. Here, however, I have grouped the cases in which it seems to me 
 that the verb of motion has undergone some modification in meaning or use. 
 
44 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 sed tibi hie venit adiutor ; Sen. Dial., iv, 7, 3, alius delator venit 
 eius criminis. 
 
 For some examples of ire, cp. Tib., i, 4, 41, neu comes ire 
 neges; Stat. Theb., ix, 516, pelagi ibit Praeda feris; Tae. Hist., 
 1, 65, irent ultores. 
 
 This usage is poetic, though a few examples are found scattered 
 among the prose writers ; cases are more abundant with venire 
 than with ire. 
 
 (b). Adjectives. 
 
 This usage is also poetic where examples are abundant. Here 
 too venire has the better of ire. In prose most of the examples 
 of venire occur in Cicero and Livy. There is but one prose 
 example of ire, i. e., Macrob., in, 13, 4. 
 
 For a few citations, cp. Stat. Theb., xi, 686, veniat cupidus 
 parere satelles ; luv., vn, 29, ut dignus venias hederis ; Plaut. 
 Most., 44; credo expectatus veniam familiaribus ; Cic. Gael., 4, 
 10, illi ne advocatus quidem venit umquam ; Liv., Ill, 2, 10, 
 longam venire noctem ratus. 
 
 Ovid, Trist., n, 141, nube solet pulsa candidus ire dies. Ovid, 
 Fast., n, 287, ipse deus nudus nudos iubet ire ministros ; Mart., 
 x, 7, 7, sic et cornibus aureis receptis Et Romanes eas ultraque 
 ripa; Macrob., in, 13, 4, ut bene amictus iret, faciem in speculo 
 querebat. 
 
 (c). Adjectives of the comparative degree. 
 
 I find no examples of ire here. With venire the construction is 
 poetic, though a few cases are found in Cicero and Livy. Here 
 venire approaches very closely fieri as can be easily seen from the 
 number of parallel instances. To cite a few by way of example : 
 Lucan, 1, 635, sed venient maior metu ; Ovid, Trist., n, 67, non 
 tua carminibus maiora fit gloria ; Tib., I, 7, 64, candidior semper 
 candidiorque veni; Cat., LXXX, 1, quare rosea ista labella Hiberna 
 fiant candidiora nive, etc., etc. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 45 
 
 (d). Adverbs. 
 
 The meaning of venire appears to be the same as in the category 
 above, though we should hardly expect to find any parallel cases 
 with fieri here. Ire does not occur in this construction. Examples 
 are rare both in poetry and in prose, cp. Ovid, Her., iv, 19, venit 
 amor gravius, quo serius; Varro, E. R., in, 16, 23, propter quam 
 rem etiam carius in sacra via quam mel venit. 
 
 (e). Perfect passive participles. 
 
 Here the verb of motion appears to have little, if any more force 
 than esse, cp. Prop., IV, 7, 30, ista per humanas mors venit acta 
 manus, this death was brought about by human hands. This 
 seems to be another way of forming the Latin passive. Personifi- 
 cation, also, seems to bring this about. Examples of this usage 
 may be found scattered through both prose and poetry, though 
 there are fewer instances in prose. Here, again venire has the 
 better of ire. Ire does not seem to lend itself so readily to this 
 usage. But one case of ire in prose. 
 
 For a few citations, cp. Prop., IV, 7, 30, ista per humanas 
 mors venit acta manus ; Mart., IV, 66, 7, captus flumine venit 
 de gurgite piscis ; Plin. N. H., vin, 7, 20, pilum autem sub oculo 
 adactum in vitalia capitis venerat ; Cic. Pro. Flacc., 2, 3, qui hue 
 compulsi concitatique venerunt. 
 
 Sen. Thyest., 843, ibit in unum Congesta sinum turba deorum ; 
 Prop., iv, 1, 8, exactus tenui pumice versus eat; Sail. B. lurg., 
 102, 3, qui quamquam acciti ibant. 
 
 (f ). Present participles. 
 
 Sometimes the verb of motion plus the present participle is 
 almost, if not equivalent to the simple verb expressed by the two. 
 Cp. Lucil. Sat., xxiv, 651 (Baehrens), praeteriens venit praeteriti. 
 
 This usage is poetic and rare. Prose furnishes one example. 
 I find no example of ire under this category. The Greeks were 
 fond of this redundancy, and the Romans very probably borrowed 
 it from them. Cp. Kiihner-Blass, Griech. Gramm., n, 622, ff. 
 
46 Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 
 
 (g). Gerundives. 
 
 Venire, which is the only verb so used, is practically equal to 
 esse here. Cp. Plaut. Most., 891, quam venit vobis faciundum 
 utrumque ; cp. Stolz-Schnialz, o. c., 166.-2. This usage is rare 
 and poetic, but one case occurring in prose. It can be seen in 
 Italian where the present participle grows directly out of the 
 Latin gerundive. For a few examples, cp. Ovid, Fast., in, 794, 
 haec ilia nocte videnda venit; Tib., I, 2, 76, cum fletu nox 
 vigilanda venit, etc., etc. 
 
 (h). Future participles. 
 
 This usage occurs only with ire, and even here it is limited to 
 one verb, i. e., reddere, cp. Mart., n, 5, 4, cum rediturus earn ; 
 Sen. Here. Oct., 1766. 
 
 III. With inanimate subjects thereby personified. 
 (a). Present and future participles. 
 
 Of the verbs which I have examined, venire is the only one so 
 used. This attributive ] use is very common with the future part., 
 but rare with the present. 
 
 (1). Present participles. 2 
 
 There are only five examples ; four from the poets and one 
 from the prose writers. Here veniens approaches futurus in mean- 
 ing, but not so closely as does venturus with which I have found 
 many parallels of futurus. With the present participle the time 
 expressed seems nearer the present. For examples, cp. Ovid, 
 Met., vn, 605, venientia fata; Stat. Theb., xn, 74, venientia 
 gaudia ; Senec. Nat. Quaest., vn, 30, 5, venientis aevi. 
 
 (2). Future participles. 
 
 Here venturus practically = futurus. 
 
 x Cp. Stolz-Schmalz, o. c., 176. 
 
 3 For this construction in Greek, cp. Kiihner-Blass, Griech. Gramm., n, 623. 
 
Some Figurative Usages of Venire and Ire. 47 
 
 This usage is found both in poetiy and in prose. Though poetry- 
 has the better of prose, where Cicero, Seneca, and Pliny furnish 
 the examples, cp. Verg. Aen., vin, 627, venturi aevi ; Ovid, Her., 
 IV, 130, aevo futuro ; Ovid, Met., xv, 557, Venturis fatis ; Verg. 
 Aen., vi, 66, praescia venturi; Cic. Tusc., iv, 7, 14, veuturi boni ; 
 IV, 6, 11, bonorum futurorum. 
 
 (b). Other parts of the Verb. 
 
 The construction here is noun -}- verb + dative. It is poetic 
 and while it does occur in prose, its use is very limited, at least 
 in classic prose. The sphere broadens later. Here the prose 
 writers very probably borrowed from the poets and a very 
 strong element of personification can be noticed. The meaning 
 is practically equivalent to the simple verb suggested by the 
 meaning of the noun plus the emphasis or attainment which is 
 furnished by the verb of motion. There are but three examples 
 of ire, and every one from the poets. For citations, cp. Ovid, 
 A. A., u, 118, et tibi earn venient cani capilli ; Sil. Ital., xvn, 
 47, finem armis tandem fineinque venire periclis ; Liv., n, 45, 
 10, finemque venisse Romano imperio ; Sil. Ital., vn, 209, it 
 monti decus ; Yal. Flacc., iv, 217, mox omnibus idem ibit honos. 
 
 From a general review of the whole matter, the first thing we 
 notice is that venire seems to lend itself to figurative usages much 
 more readily than ire. While ire plays its part in most of the 
 categories, its part is usually a minor one. 
 
 These figurative usages seems on the whole, to be depart- 
 mental in so far as prose is concerned : in poetry they appear as 
 stock phrases. There seems to be no general growth in one way 
 or the other, so far as Classic Latinity is concerned. 
 
 Certain stock expressions were employed by the early writers, 
 and these were taken up together with new coinages and carried 
 on throughout Classic Latinity. 
 
 Judging from the frequency of such usages in Romance, it is 
 clearly evident that these figurative usages must have grown in 
 late Latin to a considerable extent. This period, however, still 
 remains to be covered. 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
LIFE. 
 
 I was born at Charleston, South Carolina, on November 15th, 
 1878, and lived there until September, 1885, when my parents 
 moved to Summerville. 
 
 I entered the Charleston High School, October, 1892, and 
 completed my course there in June, 1896, having won a free 
 scholarship through the College of Charleston. 
 
 In October, 1896, I entered the Freshman Class at the College 
 of Charleston, where I took the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1900. 
 I then came to Baltimore, where I attended the Johns Hopkins 
 University for four years, studying under Prof. Kirby Flower 
 Smith, Prof. Maurice Bloomfield, and Prof. Basil Lanneau Gilder- 
 sleeve. I held the University Scholarship in Latin for the terms 
 1901-02, 1903-04. 
 
 I wish to express my gratitude first to Professor Kirby Flower 
 Smith, who has been my faithful guide and director, and who has 
 been very kind in giving me much necessary assistance on my 
 Dissertation. Then I wish to thank Dr. H. L. Wilson for his 
 kindly help throughout my attendance at the Johns Hopkins 
 University. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
YC 00528