1 
 
 ^<3Sa€eiMm^Z 
 
 iWlTZERLAND.
 
 B>EDEKER'S GUIDE BOOKS. 
 
 Kik 
 
 Eng- 
 
 lisli, Frencli, German, Italian. 3 marks. 
 
 THE TRAVELLER'S MANUAL OF CONVERSATION, in 
 
 English, German, French, f.nd Italian. 3 marks.
 
 SWITZERLAND
 
 MONEY TABLE. 
 
 (Comp. p.xvii.) 
 
 Approximate Equivalents. 
 
 American 
 
 English 
 
 
 Swiss 
 
 German 
 
 Money 
 
 
 Money 
 
 
 Money 
 
 Money 
 
 Doll. 
 
 Cts. 
 
 L. 
 
 S. 
 
 1 
 D. 1 
 
 Fi: 
 
 Cent. 
 
 .M. 
 
 ./. 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Mz 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 21|2 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 "1>4 
 
 — 
 
 121|2 
 
 — 
 
 10 
 
 . 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 21 2 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 _ 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 — 
 
 121|2 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 e^u 
 
 — 
 
 62i|2 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 — 
 
 20 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 93J4 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 _ 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 8^|2 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 _ 
 
 75 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 75 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 7 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 75 
 
 7 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 _ 
 
 10 
 
 
 8 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 — 
 
 9 
 
 — 
 
 11 
 
 25 
 
 9 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 12 
 
 _ 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 _ 
 
 16 
 
 _ 
 
 20 
 
 — 
 
 16 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 _ 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 — 
 
 125 
 
 — 
 
 1 25 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 625 
 
 
 500 
 
 —
 
 fcC
 
 SWITZERLAND 
 
 AND THE ADJACENT PORTIONS OF 
 
 ITALY, SAVOY, AND THE TYEOL 
 
 HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS 
 
 K. BAEDEKER 
 
 With 39 M^ve, 12 Pj^ans, ^vnd 12 ^a^j^^amas 
 
 FIFTEENTH EDITION 
 
 LEIPSIC: KARL BAEDEKER, PUBLISHER. 
 
 1893
 
 'Go, little ook, God send thee good passage, 
 And specially let this be thy prayere 
 Unto them all that thee will read or hear, 
 Where thot.. art wrong, after their help to call, 
 Thee to correct in any part or all."
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 STACK ANNEX 
 
 BUS 
 
 The object of the Handbook for Switzerland is to 
 supply the traveller with all needful information, to point 
 out the most interesting places and the best way of reach- 
 ing them, to render him comparatively independent of 
 the services of guides and others, and thus to enable him 
 thoroughly to enjoy his tour in this magnificent country. 
 
 With improved facilities for travel, the number of visi- 
 tors to Switzerland has greatly increased of late years, 
 and mountaineering ambition has been proportionally 
 stimulated. Summits once deemed weli-nigh inaccessible 
 are now scaled annually by travellers from all parts of the 
 world. The achievements of the modern Alpine clubs have 
 dimmed the memory of De Saussure, Auldjo, and the other 
 pioneers of these icy regions, and even ladies now fre- 
 quently vie with the stronger sex in their deeds of daring. 
 
 The Handbook is based on the Editor's personal ac- 
 quaintance with the places described , most of which he 
 has carefully and repeatedly explored. This edition, which 
 corresponds with the twenty-fifth German edition, has 
 been thoroughly revised, and furnished with the latest in- 
 formation obtainable. Its contents are divided into Seven 
 Sections (I. N. Switzerland; H. Lake of Lucerne and 
 Environs, and St. Gotthard; IH. Bernese Oberland; IV. 
 W. Switzerland, Lake of Geneva, Lower Rhone Valley ; 
 
 V. Savoy, the Valais, and the adjacent Italian Alps; 
 
 VI. S.E. Switzerland, Grisons ; VH. Lakes of N. Italy), 
 each of which may be separately removed from the book 
 by the mountaineer or pedestrian who desires to minimise 
 the bulk of his luggage. To each section is prefixed a 
 list of the routes it contains, so that each forms an ap- 
 proximately complete volume apart from the general table 
 of contents or the general index. 
 
 The Editor will highly appreciate any corrections or 
 suggestions with which travellers may favour him. The in- 
 
 270742
 
 vi PREFACE. 
 
 formation already received from numerous correspondents, 
 which he gratefully acknowledges, has in many instances 
 proved most serviceable. 
 
 The Maps and Plans, on which special care has been 
 bestowed, are based on the Topographical Atlas of Switzer- 
 land and on Dufours Map (p. xxiii), and revised with the 
 aid of other recent authorities and from the editor's own 
 experiences. 
 
 Time Tables. The best Swiss publications are the 
 'Kurshilcher (time-tables) of Bilrkli of Zurich and Krilsi 
 of Bale (50 c. each), sold at most of the railway-stations. 
 
 Heights are given in the text in English feet, on 
 the maps in metres (1 Engl. ft. = 0.3048 metre; 1 metre 
 = 3.281 Engl, ft., or about 3 ft. 31/3111.). — Distances 
 on high-roads and railways are given in English miles ; 
 while those on bridle-paths and mountain-routes are ex- 
 pressed by the time which they usually take. The number 
 of miles at the beginning of a paragraph denotes the dis- 
 tance from the starting-point, while the distances from 
 place to place are generally stated within brackets ; but 
 on railway-routes the mileage is always reckoned from 
 the starting-point. 
 
 Hotels. Besides the first-class hotels, the Handbook 
 mentions a number of the more modest inns also. The 
 usual charges are stated in accordance with the Editor's 
 own experience, or from the bills furnished to him by 
 travellers. Hotel-charges, like carriage-fares and fees to 
 guides, generally have an upward tendency, but an ap- 
 proximate statement of these items will enable the trav- 
 eller to form an estimate of his probable expenditure. 
 
 To hotel-keepers, tradesmen, and others the Editor 
 begs to intimate that a character for fair dealing towards 
 travellers forms the sole passport to his commendation, 
 and that advertisements of every kind are strictly exclud- 
 ed from his Handbooks.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 I. Plan of Tour, etc xii 
 
 n. Travelling Expenses. Money xvii 
 
 in. Hotels and Pensions xvii 
 
 TV. Passports. Custom House xix 
 
 V. Walking Tours xix 
 
 VI. Maps xxi 
 
 VII. Guides xxii 
 
 Vni. Carriages and Horses xxiii 
 
 IX. Diligences, Post Office, Telegraph xxiii 
 
 X. Railways xxv 
 
 XI. History. Statistics xxvi 
 
 jj^^^g I. Northern Switzerland. 
 
 1. Bale 2 
 
 2. From Bale to Bienne and Bern through the Miinsterthal 9 
 
 3. From Bale to Bienne via Olten and Soleure 12 
 
 4. From Bale to Bern via Herzogenbuchsee IT 
 
 5. From Bale to Zurich 18 
 
 6. From Bale to Lucerne 20 
 
 7. From Olten to Waldshut via Aarau and Brugg 21 
 
 8. From Bale to Schaffhausen and Constance 22 
 
 9. The Falls of the Rhine .• . . . 26 
 
 10. From Friedrichshaten to Constance. Lake of Constance . 27 
 
 11. From Rorschach to Constance and Winterthur (Ziirich) . 30 
 
 12. From Schaffhausen to Zurich 32 
 
 13. Zurich and the Uetliberg 32 
 
 14. From Ziirich to Coire. Lakes of Zurich and Walenstadt 39 
 
 15. From Zurich to Romanshorn and Friedrichshafen ... 46 
 
 16. From Zurich to St. Gallen, Rorschach, and Lindau ... 47 
 
 17. The Canton of Appenzell 51 
 
 18. From Wyl through the Toggenburg to Buchs in the Valley 
 
 of the Rhine 57 
 
 19. From Ziirich to Glarus and Linththal 59 
 
 20. From Stachelberg to Altdorf. Klausen 63 
 
 21. From Schwyz to Glarus over the Pragel 65 
 
 22. From Glaxns to Coire through the Sernf-Thal 67 
 
 II. Lake of Lucerne and Environs. The St. Gotthard. 
 
 23. From Ziirich to Zug and Lucerne 70 
 
 24. Lucerne 73 
 
 25. Lake of Lucerne 78
 
 viii CONTENTS. 
 
 Route Page 
 
 26. The Rigi 85 
 
 27. From Lucerne to Alpnach-Stad. Pilatus 92 
 
 28. From Zug and Lucerne to Arth 95 
 
 29. From Ziirich via Wadensweil to Arth-Goldau. From 
 Biberbriicke to Einsiedeln 97 
 
 30. From Lucerne to Belliiizona. St. Gotthard Railway . . 100 
 
 31. From Goschenen to Airolo over the St. Gotthard . . . 109 
 
 32. The Maderaner Thai 113 
 
 33. From Goschenen to the Rhone Glacier. The Furka . . 116 
 
 34. From Lucerne to Altdorf via Stans and Engelberg. The 
 Surenen Pass 118 
 
 35. From Lucerne over the Briinig to Meiringen and Brienz 
 (Interlaken) 122 
 
 36. From Meiringen to Engelberg. Engstlen-Alp. Joch Pass 125 
 
 37. From Meiringen to Wasen. Susten Pass 127 
 
 38. From Lucerne to Bern. Entlebuch. Emmenthal .... 129 
 
 39. From Lucerne to Lenzburg (Aarau). The 'Seethar 
 Railway .- . 131 
 
 III. The Bernese Oberland. 
 
 40. Bern 134 
 
 41 . From Bern to Thun 141 
 
 42. The Niesen 143 
 
 43. From Thun to Interlaken. Lake of Thun. St. Beatenberg 144 
 
 44. Interlaken and Environs 148 
 
 45. From Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen. Staubbach .... 154 
 
 46. Upper Valley of Lauterbrunnen. Miirren. Schmadribach 156 
 
 47. From Interlaken to Grindelwald. Wengernalp 160 
 
 48. TheFaulhorn 166 
 
 49. From Grindelwald to Meiringen. Baths of Rosenlaui. 
 Falls of the Reichenbach 168 
 
 50. From Meiringen to Interlaken. Lake of Brienz .... 172 
 
 51. The Giessbach 173 
 
 52. From Meiringen to the Rhone Glacier. Grimsel .... 174 
 
 53. From Spiez to Leuk over the Gemmi 179 
 
 64. The Adelboden Valley 185 
 
 55. From Gampel to Kandersteg. Lotschen Pass 186 
 
 56. From Thun to Sion over the Rawyl 188 
 
 57. From Thun to Saanen through the Simmenthal .... 190 
 
 IV. Western Switzerland. Lake of Geneva. Lower Valley of the 
 Ehone. 
 
 58. From Bern to Neuchatel 194 
 
 59. From Neuchatel to Chaux-de-Fonds and Locle 197 
 
 60. From Neuchatel to Pontarlier through the Val de Travers 199 
 
 61. From Neuchatel to Lausanne 201 
 
 62. From Bern to Lausanne (VeveyJ 203
 
 CONTENTS. ix 
 
 Route Page 
 
 63. From Lausanne to Payeme and Lyss 206 
 
 64. From Lausanne to Vallorbe and Pontarlier 208 
 
 65. Geneva and Environs 209 
 
 66. From Geneva to Martigny via Lausanne and Villeneuve. 
 Lake of Geneva (North Bank) 221 
 
 67. From Saanen to Aigle over the Col de Pillon 238 
 
 68. From Bulle to Chateau d'Oex and Aigle 240 
 
 69. From Bex to Sion. Pas de Cheville 243 
 
 70. From Geneva to St. Maurice via Bouveret. Lake of Geneva 
 (South Bank). Val d'llliez 244 
 
 V. Savoy, the Valais, and the adjacent Italian Alps. 
 
 71. From Geneva via Culoz and Aix-les-Bains to Chamb^ry, 
 
 and back via Annecy 252 
 
 72. From Geneva to Chamonix. 258 
 
 73. Chamonix and Environs 264 
 
 74. From Chamonix to Martigny over the Tete-Noire , or to 
 Yernayaz via Triquent and Sal van 271 
 
 75. From Martigny to Chamonix. Col de Balme 275 
 
 76. From Chamonix to Courmayeur over the Col du Bonhomme 
 
 and the Col de la Seigne. Tour du Mont Blanc ... 277 
 
 77. From Courmayeur to Aosta and Ivrea 282 
 
 78. From Martigny to Aosta. Great St. Bernard 287 
 
 79. From Martigny to Aosta over the Col de Fenetre. Val de 
 Bagnes 293 
 
 80. From Martigny to Domodossola over the Simplon . . . 295 
 
 81. From the Rhone Glacier to Brig. The Eggishorn. . . . 303 
 
 82. From Ulrichen to Domodossola. Gries Pass. Falls of the 
 Tosa. Val Formazza 308 
 
 83. The S. Valleys of the Valais between Sion and Turtmann 
 (Val d'Herens, Val d'Anniviers, Turtmann Valley) ... 310 
 
 84. From Visp to Zermatt 320 
 
 85. From Piedimulera to Macugnaga, and over the Moro Pass 
 
 to Saas and Visp 329 
 
 86. From Macugnaga to Zermatt round Monte Rosa .... 334 
 
 87. From Chatillon to Valtournanche and over the Theodule 
 Pass to Zermatt 337 
 
 VI. S.E. Switzerland. The Orisons. 
 
 88. From Rorschach to Coire 341 
 
 89. Ragatz and Pfafers 343 
 
 90. Coire 347 
 
 91. From Landquart to Davos through the Pratigau and to 
 Schuls over the Fliiela Pass . 349 
 
 92. From Davos to Coire via Lenz (Landwasser Route). . . . 354 
 
 93. From Coire to Davos through the SchanflggthaL Arosa . 357
 
 X CONTENTS. 
 
 Route Page 
 
 94. From Coire to Goschenen. Oberalp 359 
 
 95. From Disentis to Biasca. The Lukmaiiier 367 
 
 96. From Coire to Spliigen. Via Mala 370 
 
 97. From Spliigen to the Lake of Como 375 
 
 98. From Spliigen to Bellinzona. Bernardino 377 
 
 99. From Coire to the Engadine over the Albula Pass . . . 380 
 
 100. From Coire to the Engadine over the Julier 382 
 
 101. The Upper Engadine from the Maloja to Samaden . . . 387 
 
 102. Pontresina and Environs 395 
 
 103. From Samaden to Nanders. Lower Engadine .... 404 
 
 104. From Samaden-Pontresina over the Bernina to Tirano 
 
 and throngh the Valtellina to Colico 411 
 
 105. From the Maloja to Chiavenna. Val Bregaglia .... 414 
 
 106. From Tirano to Nauders over the Stelvio 416 
 
 107. From Nauders to Bregenz over the Arlberg 421 
 
 VII. The Italian Lakes. 
 
 108. From Bellinzona to Lugano and Como (Milan) .... 425 
 
 109. From Bellinzona to Locarno. Val Maggia 431 
 
 110. Lago Maggiore. The Borromean Islands 435 
 
 111. From Domodossola to Novara. Lake of Orta 441 
 
 112. From Luino on Lago Maggiore to Menaggio on the Lake 
 
 of Como. Lake of Lugano 446 
 
 113. The Lake of Como 448 
 
 114. From Como to Milan 455 
 
 Index 459 
 
 List of Maps. 
 
 (Comp. Key Map after the General Index.) 
 
 1. Map of SwITZEELA^^), before the title-page. 
 
 2. District between Schaffhausen xs^ Constance: RR. 8, 9, 11, 12, 
 15, 16 ; between pp. 26, 27. 
 
 3. Envieons of Schaffhausen : RR. 8, 9, 12; p. 26. 
 
 4. Lake of Constance : RR. 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 107 ; between pp. 28, 29. 
 
 5. Lakes of Zukigh and Zdg : RR. 13, 14, 15, 23, 29; between pp. 38, 39. 
 
 6. Canton of Appenzell: RR. 14, 16, 17, 18, 88, 107; between pp. 52, 53. 
 
 7. Canton of Glarus : RR. 14, 19-22; between pp. 60, 61. 
 
 8. ToDi District: RR. 19, 20, 32, 94; between pp. 62, 63. 
 
 9. Lake of Lucerne : RR. 6, 23-31, 34, 35 ; between pp. 78, 79. 
 
 10. Pilatds: R. 27; p. 79. 
 
 11. RiGi: RR. 25, 26, 28; between pp. 86, 87. 
 
 12. Environs of the St. Gotthard: RR. 30-34, 36, 37, 52, 81, 94; be- 
 tween pp. 104, 105. 
 
 13. Loop-Tdnnels op the St. Gotthard Railway: R. 30; p. 104. 
 
 14. Trift District: RR. 31, 33, 37, 52, 79; between pp. 110, 111. 
 
 15. Environs of Engelberg: RR. 30, 34-37; between pp. 120. 121. 
 
 16. Bernese Oberlai«): RR. 41-50, 63, 57; between pp. 148, 149. 
 
 17. Environs of Inteelaken: R. 44; p. 149. 
 
 18. Environs of Grindelwald: RR. 4i-50, 52; between pp. 162, 163.
 
 LIST OF MAPS. xi 
 
 19. Environs of Kandersteg: RR. 46, 53-56; between pp. ISO, 181. 
 
 20. Lake of Geneva: RR. 62, 65-68, 70; between pp. 222, 223. 
 
 21. Ormont Vaxlets: RR. 56, 66, 67, 69; between pp. 238, 239. 
 
 22. Environs of Chamonix, Sixt, and Courmateur : RR. 70, 72-76 ; be- 
 tween pp. 258, 259. 
 
 23. Mont Blanc District: RR. 72-76; between pp. 264, 265. 
 
 24. Environs of the Great St. Bernakd, from Martigny to Aosta : RR. 77, 
 78-80, 83 ; between pp. 288, 289. 
 
 25. Lower Valley of the Rhone, from the Lake of Geneva to the Lotschen- 
 Thal : RR. 53-56, 66-70, 80, 83 ; between pp. 296, 297. 
 
 26. The Upper Valais : RR. 80-82, 84, 87 ; between pp. 298, 299. 
 
 27. Aletsch District: RR. 81. 47, 52; between pp. 304, 305. 
 
 28. Valaisian Alps: RR. 80, 83-87; between pp. 310, 311. 
 
 29. Environs of Zermatt: KR. 83-86; between pp. 320, 321. 
 
 30. Environs of Ragatz, the Pratigau and Montafon : RR. 88, 89, 91, 
 107; between pp. 346, 347. 
 
 31. Central Grisons Alps (from Coire and Davos to Samaden): RR. 91- 
 94, 96, 99, lUO, 103; between pp. 352, 353. 
 
 32. Vokder-Rheinthal : RR. 94-96, 100; between pp. 360, 361. 
 
 33. District from the Lukmanier to the Maloja : RR. 30, 95, 97, 98, 100, 
 105; between pp. 374, 375. 
 
 34. The Engadine and Valtellina: RR. 91-93, 99-106; between pp. 386, 387. 
 
 35. Environs of Pontresina: RR. 101, lU2, 104; between pp. 394, 395. 
 
 36. The Lower Engadine : RR. 91-93. 99, 100, 103, 106; between pp. 404, 405. 
 
 37. Lago Maggiore: RR. 80, 110-112; between pp. 434, 435. 
 
 38. Lakes of Como and Lugano : RR. 30, 98, 108, 112, 113 ; pp. 448, 449. 
 
 39. Key Map of Switzerland, after the Index. 
 
 Panoramas and Views. 
 
 1. From the Rigi-Kclji, between pp. 90, 91. 
 
 2. From the Pilatus, between pp. 94, 95. 
 
 3. From Bern. p. 135. 
 
 4. From the Niesen, p. 148. 
 
 5. From the Heimwehfluh, p. 150. 
 
 6. From Murren, p. 157. 
 
 7. From the Faulhorn, between pp. 166, 167, 
 
 8. From the FLiiGftRE, between pp. 268. 269. 
 
 9. From the Eggishorn, between pp. 306, 307. 
 
 10. From the Gorner Grat, between pp. 322, 323. 
 
 11. From the Piz Langdard, between pp. 400, 401. 
 
 12. From the Monte Generoso, between pp. 430, 431. 
 
 Plans of Towns 
 
 Plans of Towns. 
 
 Bale, p. 2; Constance, p. 27; Zurich, p. 32; Lucerne, p. 78; Bern, p. 134; 
 
 Neuchatel, p. 195; Geneva, p. 208; Lausanne, p. 224; Ragatz, p. 346; 
 
 Coiee, p. 347; Lugano, p. 426; Milan, p. 456. 
 
 1. = Left. 
 
 hr. = Hour. 
 
 min. = Minute. 
 
 carr. = Carriage. 
 
 S.A.C. = Swiss Alpine Club. 
 
 C.A.I. = Italian Alpine Club. 
 
 N.B. Everything specially worthy of note is indicated b an asterisk. 
 With regard to distances, see Preface. 
 
 R. 
 
 = Room. 
 
 ft. (') 
 
 Abbreviations 
 
 = Engl. foot. 
 
 B. 
 
 = Breakfast. 
 
 N. = 
 
 North, northern. 
 
 D. 
 
 = Dinner. 
 
 S. = 
 
 South, southern. 
 
 L. 
 
 = Light. 
 
 E. = 
 
 East, eastern. 
 
 A. 
 
 = Attendance. 
 
 W.= 
 
 West, western. 
 
 M. 
 
 = English mile. 
 
 r. = 
 
 Right.
 
 I. Plan of Tour. 
 
 Season of the Year. Distribution of Time. 
 
 The traveller will save both time and money by planning his tour 
 carefully before leaving home. The Handbook -will help him to 
 select the most interesting routes and the pleasantest resting- 
 places, and point out how each day may be disposed of to the best 
 advantage, provided the weather be favourable. 
 
 Season. The great majority of tourists visit Switzerland between 
 the middle of July and the end of September ; but to those who 
 wish to see the scenery, the vegetation, and particularly the Alpine 
 flowers in perfection June is recommended as the most charming 
 month in the year. For expeditions among the higher Alps the 
 month of August is the best time. Even in summer snow occasion- 
 ally falls among the higher regions , rendering the mountain-paths 
 impassable ; but in ordinary seasons the snow disappears from the 
 Rigi, the routes through the Bernese Oberland, and most of the 
 higher Alpine carriage-routes at the beginning of June. On the 
 other hand snow sometimes lies throughout the whole season on 
 the Furka, the Grimsel, the Gemmi, etc. 
 
 Distribution of Time. One Month, as the annexed plan shows, 
 suffices for a glimpse at the most interesting parts of Switzerland. 
 Bale, where the scenery is least interesting, is a good starting- 
 point, but the traveller may find it more convenient to begin with 
 Geneva or Neuchatel. 
 
 Days 
 By railway {rom Bdle to Neuhausen; visit tlie Falls of the Rhine, by 
 
 railway "from Dachsen to Zurich (RR. 1, 8, 9, 12) 1 
 
 Zurich and the Uetliberg (R. 13) 1 
 
 From Zurich by railway to Zug ; by steamboat to Arth ; by railway 
 
 to the Rigi-Kulm (RR. 23, 28, 26) 1 
 
 From the Rigi by railway to Vitznau (or on foot to Wdggis); by 
 
 steamboat to Lucerne., and one day at Lucerne (RR. 26, 25, 24) 1 
 By steamer on the Lake of Lucerne to Brunnen; visit the Eiiiliy 
 
 Axensiein, etc. (R. 26) 1 
 
 By steamer from Brunnen to Fliielen ; by the St. Gotthard Railway 
 
 to Gdschenen; by omnibus or on foot to Andermatt (RR. 25, 30,31) . 1 
 By diligence over the Furka to the Rhone Glacier (R.33); walk over 
 
 the Grimsel to the Grimsel Hospice (R. 52) 
 
 Walk down the Haslithal (Handegg Fall) to Meiringen (RR. 52, 49) 1 
 Walk from Meiringen (Falls of the Reichenbach) through the Ber- 
 nese Oberland, by the Scheidegg, to [the Faulhorn (RR. 49, 48) . . 1 
 Descend the Faulhorn to] Grindelwald (Grindelwald Glaciers) (RR. 48, 
 
 47) 1 
 
 Bv railwav from Grindelwald over the Wengernalp to Lauterbrunnen 
 
 ■(Staubbach) (RR. 47, 45) and Murren (R. 46) 1 
 
 Walk to Trachsellauenen (Upper Steinberg, Schmadribach Fall) and 
 
 back to Lauterbrunnen 5 by railway to Interlaken (RR. 46, 45). . (1)
 
 I. PLAN OF EXCURSION. xiii 
 
 Days 
 Excursions from Jjiterlaken (St. Beatenberg, Giessbach, Schvnige 
 
 Platte, etc. ; RR. 44, 51) " . . 2 
 
 By railway to Spiez ; [walk to Wimmis; walk or ride to the top of 
 
 the Niesen (RR. 43, 42) (1) 
 
 Descend from the Niesen to the ffeustvich Bad] ; drive or walk to 
 
 Kandersteg (R. 63) 1 
 
 Walk from Kandersteg over the Gemmi to Bad Leuk (R. 53) . . . 1 
 Drive to Leuk station (R. 53) \ by railway to Visp (R. 80) and Zer- 
 
 matt (R. 84) 1 
 
 Walk to the Riffel Inn, ascend the Gomergrat, and return via Findelen 
 
 to Zermatt (R. 84) 1 
 
 Excursions from Zermatt (Gorner Gorge, Schwarzsee, ffornli, etc.) 
 
 (R. 84) 1 
 
 Railway to Visp (R. 84) and Martigny (R. 80) 1 
 
 To Chamonix over the Col de Balme or the Tete-Noire (RR. 75, 74) 1 
 
 Chamonix (R. 73) 1 
 
 To Vernatjaz by Salvan (R. 74); by railway to Montreux (•. 66) . 1 
 Excursions from Montreux and Vevey (R. 66); bv steamboat to 
 
 Geneva (R. 66) " 1 
 
 Geneva and Environs (R. 65) 1 
 
 Bv railwav to Lausanne; several hours at Lausanne; by railwav in 
 
 "the afternoon to Freiburg (RR. 66, 62) ". . 1 
 
 By railway to Bern (R. 62) ; at Bern (R. 40) . 1 
 
 By railway to Bale (R. 4); at Bale (R. 1) 1 
 
 A few additional days may be pleasantly spent in Eastern 
 Switzerland (Appenzell, Bad Pfafers, Via Mala, Upper Engadine), 
 whence the Italian Lakes are easily visited. 
 
 Days 
 From Rorschach or Ziirich to Pfafers and Coire (RR. 89, 90) . . 1 
 Diligence to Thusis; visit the Via Mala as far as the third bridge, 
 
 and return to Thusis (R. 96) ; walk or drive by the ScJiyn Road to 
 
 Tiefenkasten (R. 96) 1 
 
 Diligence over the Julier to Silvaplana (R. lOO) and St. Moritz (R. 101). 
 Drive to the Maloja and back (R. 101); in the afternoon to Pon- 
 
 tresina (R. 102) \ . . , 1 
 
 Pontresina (Morieratsch and Roseg Glaciers; ascent of the Piz Lan- 
 
 guavd, etc; R. 102) 2-3 
 
 Diligence over the Bernina to Tirana and Sondrio (R. 104); railway 
 
 to Calico (R. 104); steamer to Bellagio (R. 113) IV2 
 
 Bellagio (Villa Serbelloni, Villa Carlotta, etc.); then via Menaggio 
 
 and Porlezza to Lugano (RR. 112, 108) 1 
 
 Steamboat to Ponte Trena, railway to Luino (R. 112); steamer to the 
 
 Borromean Islands and to Pallanza or Stresa (R. 110) 1 
 
 Steamboat to Laveno, and back by the St. Gotthard Railway to 
 
 Lucerne 1 
 
 Or by railway and diligence over the Simplon to Brieg (R. 80) . . 
 
 So comprehensive a tour as the above is of course rarely under- 
 taken ; but it will enable the traveller to plan an excursion of suit- 
 able length, such as one of the following : — 
 
 I. Eight Days from Bale. 
 (Rigi, Bernese Oberland, Rhone Glacier, St. Gotthard Route.) 
 1st. From Bdle (or Constance or Romanshorn) to Ziirich. Uetliberg. 
 2nd. To Zug, Arth^ the Rigi, and Lucerne. 
 3rd. By the Briinig Railway to JJeiringen (Gorge of the Aare; Pilatu.^
 
 xiv I. PLAN OF EXCURSION. 
 
 or Brienzer Rothhorn V2-I day extra) and Bi'iem; by steamboat to the 
 Giesshach and Interlaken. 
 
 4th. Railway to Lautevbrunnen, Miirren and over the Wcngernalp to 
 Grindelwald. 
 
 5th. Over the Gi-eat Scheidegg to Inn Hof., 
 
 6th. Through the HasUthal (Handegg Fall) to the Grimsel Hospice. 
 
 7th. By the Grimsel, the Rhone Glacier, and the Furka to AndermaU 
 or Goschenen. 
 
 8th. To Fliielen, Lucerne, and 5dZe. 
 
 II. Twelve or Foueteen Days FkOM Balk. 
 (Rigi, Bernese Oberland, Zermatt, Gemmi.) 
 
 lst-6th. As in Tour I. 
 
 7th. Over the Grimsel to the Rhone Glacier. Drive to Fiesch; walk 
 or ride to the Hotel Jung/rau. 
 
 8th. Ascend the Eggishorn ; walk via the Riederalp to Morel, drive 
 to Brig. [Additional day: walk from the Riederalp to the Belalp ; ascend 
 the Sparrenhottf.] 
 
 9th. By rail to Visp and Zermatt. 
 
 10th. Ascend the Riffelberg and Gornergrat, etc. 
 
 11th. Railway to Visp and Loueche; walk or drive to Bad Leuk. 
 
 12th. Over the Gemmi to Eandersteg ; drive to Spiez; train to Bern. 
 
 III. Sixteen Days feom Bale. 
 (Rigi. Bernese Oberland, Zermatt, Chamonix, Lake of Geneva.) 
 lst-9th. As in Tour II. 
 10th. By train to Visp and Martigny. 
 
 11th. Over the Tete-Noire or the Col de Balme to Chamonix. 
 12th. Excursions from Chamonix. 
 
 13th. By Saltan to Vernayaz; by train to Montreux. 
 14th, 15th. To Glion (Naye), Vevey, Lausanne, and Geneva. 
 16th. To Freiburg^ Bern, and Bale (or from Bern to Neuchdtel). 
 
 IV. Seventeen to Twenty Days fkom Bale. 
 (Rigi, Bei-nese Oberland, Southern Valais, Chamonix.) 
 l8t-8th. As in Tour II. 
 
 9th. Ascend the Gornergrat and return to St. Mklaus. 
 10th. Cro&B the Augstbord Pass (ascent of Schwarzhorn) to Gruben. 
 11th. Cross the Meiden Pass (ascent of Bella Tola) to St. Luc, Vit- 
 soye^ or Zinal. 
 
 12th. At Zinal (visit the Alp Arpitetta, etc.). 
 13th. Cross the Col de Torrent to Evolena. 
 
 14th, 15th. At Evolena (Arolla and Ferpkcle), and return to Sion. 
 16th, 17th. Cross the Gemmi to Eandersteg and Thun (or by rail to 
 Lausanne. Freiburg, and Bern). 
 
 (Or: 15th. From Evolena to Sion and Martigny. 16th-20th. To Cha- 
 monix, Geneva, etc., as in Tour III.) 
 
 V. Seven Days from Bale. 
 (Bernese Oberland, Rigi, St. Gotthard Railway, Italian Lakes.) 
 Ist. From Bale to Bern and Interlaken. 
 
 2nd. To Lauterbrunnen, Miirren and over the Wengernalp to Grindelwald. 
 3rd. Over the Great Scheidegg to Meiringen. 
 
 4th. Over the Briinig to Alpnach-Stad (&scent of Pilatus) and Lucerne. 
 5th. By the <Si. Gotthard Railway to Laveno; steamboat to Stresa 
 (Borromean Islands). 
 
 6th. By Xwmo and Lugano to Bellagio. 
 
 7th. Steamer to Como; St. Gotthard Railway to Lucerne, etc. 
 
 ^^[. Eight oe Ten Days from Bale. 
 (Rigi, Lake of Lucerne, St. Gotthard, Italian Lakes, Splugen.) 
 Ist. From Bale to Lucerne, and by rail to the Rigi-Kulm. 
 2nd. Descend to Vitznau; steamer to Brunnen (Axensiein, Riitli, etc.).
 
 I. PLAN OF EXCURSION. xv 
 
 (One or two additional days : visit the Maderaner Thai from Amsteg, 
 and return by the Sta/feln, By train or carriage to Goschenen.) 
 3rd. By the St. Gotthard Line to Locarno. 
 4th. To the Borromean Islands. Luino, and Lugano. 
 5th. By Como., or by Porlezza.^ to Bellagio. 
 
 6th. Walks at Bellagio; steamer to Colico ; drive to Chiavenna. 
 7th. Cross the Splilgen to Coire. 
 8th. To Ziinch and Neuchdtel (or to the Falls of the Rhine and Bdle). 
 
 Vn. Twelve to Fourteen Dats from Bale. 
 (Same as Tour VI., with the addition of the Upper Engadine.) 
 lst-5th. As in Tour VI. 
 
 6th. To Chiavenna and through the Val Bregaglia to Casaccia. 
 7th. Cross the Maloja to St. Moritz and Pontresina. 
 8th, 9th. At Pontresina {Piz Languard.^ etc.). 
 10th. Cross the Albula to Tie/enkasten. 
 
 11th. Through the Scht/n Pass to Thusis (Via Mala) and Coire. 
 12th. To Ragatz (Pfafers) and Ziirich. 
 
 VIII. Sixteen to Eighteen Days from Bale. 
 (Same as Tour VII., with the addition of the Valtellina and Lower Engadine.) 
 
 l3t-8th. As in Tour VII. 
 
 9th. Cross the Bernina to Tirano. 
 
 10th. Through the Valtellina to Bormio. 
 
 11th. Cross the Wormser Joch (Piz Umbrail) to St. Maria in the 
 MUnsterthal (or cross the Stelvio to Trafoi and Spondinig). 
 
 12th. Over the Ofen Pass to Zernetz (or drive by Nauders and Martins- 
 bruck to Schuls). 
 
 13th. Cross the FlUela-Pass to Davos. 
 
 14th. Landwasser Route to Tie/enkasten. 
 
 15th, 16th. As 11th and 12th of Tour VII. 
 
 IX. One Month from Geneva. 
 (Chamonix, Courmapeur, Zermatt. Macugnaga .. Simplon ., Upper Rhone 
 Valley, Tosa Fall, St. Gotthard, Lake of Lucerne, Rigi, Bernese Oberland.) 
 
 Ist. From Geneva by steamer to Chillon, and by train to Aigle. 
 
 2nd. Drive to Champiry. 
 
 3rd. Cross the Col de Coux and Col de GoUse to Samo?ns and Sixt. 
 
 4th. Cross the Col d'Anterne to Chamonix. 
 
 5th, 6th. At Chamonix ; excursions. 
 
 7th. Cross the Col de Voza to Contamines. 
 
 8th. Cross the Col de Bonhomme and the Col des Fours to Mottels. 
 
 9th. Cross the Col de la Seigne to Courmayeur and Aosta. 
 10th. Rail to Chdiillon and walk or ride to Val Tournanche. 
 11th. Cross the Theodule Pass to Zermatt. 
 12th, 13th. At Zermatt; excursions. 
 14th. To Saas and Mattmark. 
 15th. To Macugnaga by the Monte Moro. 
 
 16th. "Walk or ride to Piedimulera (and thence, if time permit, devote 
 a couple of days or more to the Italian Lakes). 
 17th. Cross the Simplon to Brig. 
 18th. Drive to Fiesch; ascend the Eggishorn. 
 
 19th. Drive to Obergestelen (perhaps visit the Rhone Glacier thence) 
 and cross the Gries Pass to the Fall of the Tosa. 
 20th. Cross the S. Giacomo Pass to Airolo. 
 21st. By train to FlUelen; steamboat to Vitznau. 
 22nd. Rigi. 
 23rd. To Lucerne. 
 
 24th. Cross the Briinig to Meiringen. 
 25th. To Rosenlaui and GHndelwald. 
 26th. Cross the Wengemalp to Lauterbrunnen and Milrren.
 
 xvi I. PLAN OF EXCURSION. 
 
 27th. To Interlaken; visit Giessbach^ etc. 
 
 28th. To Thun, Bern, and Bale. 
 
 All the above tours are adapted for moderate walkers, and 
 may of course be varied at pleasure. 
 
 Lastly, to travellers who are disinclined for a prolonged tour, 
 the following notes may be acceptable : — 
 
 Famous Points of View. 
 
 1. In the Jura (with the Alps in the distance, the lower Swiss 
 hills in the foreground, and, from the westernmost points, the lakes 
 of Bienne, Xeuchatel, and Geneva) : Hotel Schweizerhof (p. 26j by the Falls 
 of the Rhine ; the Weissenstein (p. 15) near Soleure •, the Frohhurg (p. 13) 
 near Olten •, the Chaumont (p. 197) and the Tete de Rang (p. 197), in Canton 
 Keuchatel ; the Signal de Chexbres (p. 206), the Signal de Bougy (p. 224), the 
 D6le (p. 224) and the Dent de Vaulion (p. 209) in the Canton de Vaud. 
 
 2. Nearer the Alps, or among the Lower Alps: 
 
 (a). On the N. side of the Alps: the Kaien (p. 53), Hohe Kasten 
 (p. 55), and Sentis (p. 56) in Canton Appenzell ; the Uetliberg (p. 38) and 
 Bachtel (p. 42) near Zurich ^ the Speer (p. 44) near Weesen; the Alvier (p. 45) 
 near Sargans ; the Rigi (p. 85), Pilatv.s (p. 94), Stanserhorn (p. 118), My- 
 then (p. 101), Niederbauen (p. 81), and the Frolinalp stock (p. 83) near the 
 Lake of Lucerne; the Napf i^. 130) in the Entlebuch; the Schdmli (p. 140) 
 and the Gurten (p. 140) near Bern; the MoUson (p. 241) and Jaman (p. 242) 
 in Canton Freiburg ; the Sal'eve (p. 220) and the Voirons (p. 221) in Savoy, 
 near Geneva; the Rochers de Ifaye (p. 232), near Glion ; the Chamossaire 
 (p. 235) near Villars. 
 
 (b). On the S. side of the Alps : Monte Generoso (p. 430), Monte S. Sal- 
 vatore (p. 428), and Monte Br& (p. 429) near the Lake of Lugano ; Monte 
 Motterone (p. 441) and Punia Arcumeggia (p. 437) on Lago Maggiore; the 
 Monte S. Primo (p. 451) near the Lake of Como ; the Becca di Nona (p. 284) 
 near Aosta; the Crammont (p. 282) near Pre'-St. Didier. 
 
 3. Among the High Alps : Niesen (p. 143), Amisbiihel (p. 147), ffeim- 
 wehfiuh (p. 150), Schynige Platte (p. 152), Abendberg (p. 153), Faulhorn 
 (p. 166), Wengei-nalp (p. 161), Mdnnlichen (p. 165), Briemer Roihhorn (p. 172), 
 Murren (p. 156), and the Schilthorn (p. 157) in the Bernese Oberland; the Pizzo 
 Gentrale (p. 113) on the St. Gotthard ; Taneda fp. 107), in the Val Piora; 
 the Furkahorn (p. 117), Kleine Siedelhorn fp. 177), Eggishorn fp. 305), Sparr- 
 horn fp. 298), the Torrenthorn fp. 184), Pierre d Voir fp. 238), Mont BrUU 
 (p. 288), Gornergrat fp. 323), Breithorn (p. 325), Schwarzhorn fp. 319), Bella 
 Tola fp. 318), and Pic d'Arzinol fp. 311) in the Yalais ; the Col de Balme 
 fp. 275), FUgere fp. 267), and Brivent fp. 2G8) near Chamonix -, Piz Umbrail 
 (p. 418) on the Stelvio route: Muot Marmor'e fp. 389), Muottas Muraigl fp. 899), 
 Schafberg fp. 398), Piz Languard fp. 399), Piz Ot fp. 395), Schwarzhorn fp. 353), 
 Stdtzerhorn fp. 383), Piz Mundaun fp. 362) and Piz Muraun fp. 365) in 
 the Grisons. 
 
 Principal Alpine Passes. 
 Pre-eminent in point of scenery is the St. Gotthard fRE,. 30,31), rendered 
 easily accessible by the railway across it ; but it need hardly be said that 
 its attractions are not seen to advantage from the windows of a train. 
 Next to it ranks the Spliigen (ER. 96, 97), particularly on the N. side, 
 where it coincides with the Bernardino Route fR. 98). The finest approach 
 to the Engadine is by the Schyn-Sfrasse fp. 371) and the Albula Pass fR. 99); 
 and the beautiful Maloja Pass fRR. 101, 105) leads thence to the Lake 
 of Como. From the Engadine the interesting Bernina Pass fR. 104) crosses 
 to the somewhat monotonous Valtellina, the journey through which has, 
 however, been much facilitated by the railway from Sondrio to Colico 
 fp. 413). In Western Switzerland the Simplon fR. 80) is justly a fav- 
 ourite pass, though inferior to several of the above, while the famous 
 Great Si. Bernard fR. 78), apart from its hospice, is undoubtedly the least 
 interesting of the series. Many of the grandest, and also easiest passes 
 are comprised in the 9th of the above Tours.
 
 II. TRAVELLING EXPENSES. MONEY. xvil 
 
 Headquarters for Mountaineering. 
 The most important are Gi'indelwald (p. 163), Zermatt (p. 321) , Cha- 
 monix fp. 264) , Courmayeur (p. 280), Macugnaga (p. 330), and Pontresina 
 (p. 395), at all of which experienced guides abound. 
 
 Health Resorts. 
 
 Switzerland can boast of few mineral springs, but 'Luftkurorte' 
 ('air- cure places') and summer pensions abound in every part of the 
 country. A few of the most important only need be mentioned here. 
 
 Mineral Baths. Tarasp, in the Lower Engadine (p. 408); S(. Moritz^ 
 in the Upper Engadine fp. 391); Ragatz (p. 343); Stachelherg (p. 61); 
 Weissenhuvg (p. 191); Lenk fp. 188); Leuk or Loeche fp. 183); the saline 
 baths of Bex and Aigle fpp. 235, 234); St. Gervais fp. 260). 
 
 WiNTEE Resoets for invalids: Davos fp. 354); Montreux fp. 230). 
 
 SuMMEE Resoets, see p. xviii. 
 
 II. Travelling Expenses. Money. 
 
 Expenses. The cost of a tour in Switzerland depends of course 
 upon the habits and tastes of the traveller. The pedestrian's dally 
 expenditure, exclusive of guides, maybe estimated at 12-15s., or 
 even less, if he selects the more modest inns. The traveller, on the 
 other hand, who prefers driving and riding to walking, who always 
 goes to the best hotels, and never makes an ascent without a guide, 
 must be prepared to spend at least twice the above sum ; while the 
 mountaineer's expenses will often amount to several pounds for a 
 single glacier-expedition. 
 
 Money. The Swiss monetary system was assimilated to that of 
 France in 1851. In gold there are coins of 20 fr., in silver of 5, 2, 1, 
 and 1/2 fr. (Those of 1859-63, with the sitting figure of Helvetia, 
 which have been called in, Italian pieces coined previous to 1863, 
 and Papal 1 fr. and ^2 fr. pieces should be declined). In plated 
 copper 20, 10, and 5 centimes (or 'Rappen'), and in copper 2 and 
 1 c. pieces. One franc = 100 c. = (in German money) 80 pfennigs 
 = 93/4^. Twenty franc-pieces are the most convenient money, and 
 English sovereigns (25 fr.) and banknotes are received almost every- 
 where at the full value; but the circular notes of lOi., issued by 
 many of the English banks, are safer for carrying large sums. Ger- 
 man gold and banknotes also realize their full value (20 marks = 
 24 fr. 50-60 c). 
 
 ni. Hotels and Pensions. 
 
 Hotels. Switzerland is famous for its hotels. The large modern 
 establishments at Geneva, Vevey, Ziirich, Lucerne, Interlaken, etc., 
 are models of organisation ; the smaller hotels are often equally well 
 conducted, and indeed a really bad inn is rarely met with in French 
 or German Switzerland. 
 
 The ordinary charges at the first-class hotels are: bed -room 
 from 21/2 fr., candle 1 fr., service 1 fr. ; breakfast (tea or coffee, 
 bread, butter, and honey) lV2fr- "i <^he public room, 2 fr. in the 
 traveller's apartment; lunch 3-31/2, table d'hote dinner 4-5 fr. ; 
 
 Baedekeb, Switzerland. 15th Edition. I)
 
 xviii III. HOTELS AND PENSIONS. 
 
 supper generally a la carte. When attendance is charged in the bill, 
 nothing more need be given except to the boots and porter. At the 
 large hotels the best accommodation is generally reserved for fam- 
 ilies, while the solitary traveller is consigned to the inferior rooms 
 at equally high charges. 
 
 At the second-class inns the average charges are : bed-room from 
 lV2-'2fr., breakfast 1-1 1/4 fr., table d'hote ^i/o-Sfr., service discre- 
 tionary, and no charge for 'bougies'. 
 
 Opinions regarding hotels often differ ; but travellers will rarely 
 have much cause to complain if they endeavour to comply with the 
 customs of the country, restrict their luggage to a moderate quantity 
 (p. xxv), and learn enough of the language to make themselves in- 
 telligible. 
 
 If a prolonged stay is made at a hotel, the bill should be asked for 
 every three or four days, in order that errors, whether accidental or de- 
 signed, may more easily he detected. When an early departure is contem- 
 plated, the bill should be obtained over-night. It is not an uncommon 
 practice to withhold the bill till the last moment, when the hurry and 
 confusion of starting render overcharges less liable to discovery. 
 
 In the height of the season the hotels at the favourite resorts of trav- 
 ellers are often crowded. To prevent disappointment rooms should be tele- 
 graphed for (p. xxv). 
 
 Pensions. Boarding-houses or 'pensions' abound at Lucerne, 
 Geneva, Interlaken, and in many other parts of Switzerland. The 
 charge for board and lodging varies from 41/2 to 10 fr. or more, and at 
 some of the most famous health-resorts and watering-places some- 
 times amounts to 20 fr. per day. As the word 'pension' is some- 
 times used to signify board only, the traveller should ascertain 
 whether rooms are included in the charge or not. In the dull 
 season (October to June) many of the hotels also take visitors 'en 
 pension', usually charging i-^^o fr. per week extra for attendance. 
 
 Among the Swiss Summer Resorts may he mentioned: — 
 
 In NoETHERN Switzerland: The Weisseiistein (4220'; p. 15) near So- 
 leure; Langenbruck (2355'; p. 13) and Frenkendorf (1120'; p. 12) near Lies- 
 tal; the Fvohhuvg (2772'; p. 13) near Olten; the Chaumont (3845'; p. 197) 
 near Neuchatel; Zurich (1345'; p. 32) and the Uetliberg (2864'; p. 38); 
 Wddensweil (1348'; p. 41) and other places on the Lake of Zurich (1342'); 
 Schonfels and Felsenegg (30,S5'; p. 71) near Zug; Agevithal (2380'; p. 72); 
 TFeesew (1410'; p. 43); and Murg (p. 45) on the Walensee; Ohstalden (2237'; 
 p. 44), Stachelbevg r2178'; p. 61), Vorauen (2640'), and Richisau (3590') in 
 the Klonthal (p. 66); the Heinrichsbad (2300'; p. 48). near Herisau; Ror- 
 schach (1312'; p. 50), Walzenhausen (2207'; p. 50), Heiden (2645'; p. 52), Gats 
 (3075'; p. 54), and Weissbad (2680'; p. 54) in Appenzell. 
 
 On the Lake of Lucerne (1436'): Lucerne (p. 73); Meggen (p. 96); iTej*' 
 tenstein (p. 79j ; TFee-grw (p. 79); Beckenried (p. 80); Vitznau (p. 79); Gersau 
 (p. 80) ; Brunnen (p. 82) ; Axenstein (2460') and AxenfeU (2065'; p. 82) ; Seelisberg 
 (2628'; p. 81); Biirgenstock (2855'; p. 93); Stoos (4232'; p. 83); Rigi-Klosterli 
 (4262'; p. 88), Kaltbad r4700'). First (4750'}. fitaffel (5262') ; and Scheidegg (5405'). 
 
 In Canton Lucerne: Sonnenberg (2360'; p. 74); Schicarzenberg (2760'; 
 p. 129). In Unterwalden : Engelberg (3315'; p. 120) ; Niederrickenbach (3^30'; 
 p. 119); Melchsee-Frutt (6115'; p. 123). In Uei: Amsteg (1760'; p. 104); the 
 Maderaner Thai (4790'; p. 113); Unfertchdchen (33i5'; p. 64); Andermati 
 (4738'; p. Ill); Hospenthal (4800'; p. Ill); St. Gotthard (6S67'; p. 112). 
 
 In the Bernese Oberland: Bern (1765'; p. 134); Thun (1844'; p. 141)-. 
 Oberhofen (p. 146), Gunten (p. 146), Spiez (p. 145) and Faulenseebad (p. 146)
 
 IV. PASSPORTS. . xix 
 
 on the Lake of Than (1837'); Atchi (2818' •, p. 179); Ournigelbad (3783'; 
 p. 143); Interlaken (1863'; p. 148); St. Beatenberg (3776'; p. 146); Abendberg 
 (3737'; p. 153); the Giessbach (1857'; p. 173); Mun-en (5350*; p. 156j; Wengen 
 (4327': p. 161); GHndelwald (3468'; p. 163); Rosenlauibad (4363'; p. l';9); Mei- 
 ringen (1968'; p. 170); Engstlenalp (6033'-, p. 126); Adelboden (4450'; p. 185); 
 Eandertteg (3^40*; p. ISO); Lenk (3527'; p. 188). 
 
 On the Lake of Geneva, in the Rhone Valley, etc.: Geneva (1243'; 
 p. 209); Oitchy (p. 225); Lausanne (p. 225); Vevey (p. 228); Montreux 
 (p. 230); Glion (2254'; p. 231); Aigle (1375'; p. 234); Bex (14i27'; p. 235j ; 
 Villars (4166'; p. 235); the Ormonts (3815'; p. 239j ; Gryon (3632'; p. 243); 
 Ghdteau d'Oex (3498'; p. 242); Champiry (3450'; p. 247); Fiesch (3458'; 
 p. 305); Belalp (7153'; p. 298); Riederalp (6315'; p. 306); Eggishorn (7195'; 
 p. 305); Berisal (5005'; p. 3a)); Zermatt (5315'; p. 321), the Riffelalp (7305'; 
 p. 323) and Riffelberg (8430'; p. 323); ^Saas-f ee (5900'; p. 332); St. Luc (5495'; 
 p. 318); Hotel Weisshom (7550'; p. 816); Zinal (5505'; p. SiQ) ; Evolena (4520'; 
 p. 311); Chamonix (3445'; p. 264). 
 
 In the Grisons: Samaden (5670'; p. 394); Pontresina (5915'; p. 395); 
 5<. Moritz (6090'; p. 392); Sils-Maria (5895'; p. 389); i/aZoJa (5960'; p. 387); 
 Zuoz (5548'; p. 405); Scfiuls (3070'; p. 403); Davos (5115'; p. 354); ^ro«a 
 (6035'; p. 358); Klosters (3966'; p. 351); Seewis (2985'; p. 350); Waldftduser 
 (3615'; p. 361), near Flims; 27i«5i* (2448'; p. 371); Bisentis (3773'; p. 365); 
 Wiesen (4720'; p. 356); ChurwalJen (3976'; p. 383); Parpan (4956'; p. 383). 
 
 On the South Side of the Alps: Airolo (3755'; p. 106); Hotel Piora 
 (6000'; p. 106) ; Faido (2485'; p. 107); and Bignasco (1424'; p. 433); in Ticino; 
 Macugnaga (5115'; p. 330); Alagna (3955'; p. 334); Gressoney (5370'; p. 335); 
 Lugano (932'; p. 426) ; 5e?Za^jo (p. 450), Cadenabbia., Jlenaggio, etc., on the 
 Lake of Como (700'); Locarno (p. 432), Pallanza (p. 438), 5fliv«o (p. 439), 
 and Stresa (p. 440), on the Lago Maggiore (646'); Monte Generoso (5560'; 
 p. 430) and Lamo d^Intelvi (3117'} p. 447), near the Lake of Lugano. 
 
 rV. Passports. Custom House. 
 
 Passports. In Switzerland passports are unnecessary, but as 
 they must be shown in order to obtain delivery of registered letters, 
 and are sometimes of service in proving the traveller's identity, 
 it is unwise not to be provided with one. The principal passport- 
 agents in London are : Lee and Carter, 440 West Strand ; Dorrel 
 and Son, 15 Charing Cross; E. Stanford, 26 Cockspur St., Charing 
 Cross; W. J. Adams, 59 Fleet Street. 
 
 Custom House. Luggage is rarely examined at the Swiss 
 custom-house, but the formalities of the douane must be un- 
 dergone by persons leaving Switzerland. At the French , Italian, 
 and Austrian frontiers the examination is sometimes strict, and to- 
 bacco and cigars pay a heavy duty, but at the German frontier the 
 visite is usually lenient. As a rule the traveller should restrict his 
 belongings as far as possible to wearing apparel and articles for per- 
 sonal use. 
 
 V. Walking Tours. 
 
 In a mountainous country like Switzerland it is to pedestrians 
 alone that many of the finest points are accessible, and even where 
 driving or riding is practicable, walking is often more enjoyable. 
 
 Disposition of Time. The first golden rule for the walker is'to 
 start early. If strength permits, and a suitable halting-place is to 
 be met with, a walk of one or two hours may be accomplished be- 
 
 b*
 
 XX V, WALKING TOURS. 
 
 fore breakfast. At noon a moderate lunclieou is preferable to the 
 nsualtable d'hote dinner. Rest should be taken during the hottest 
 hours (12-3), and the journey then continued till 5 or 6 p.m., 
 when a substantial meal (evening table d'hote at the principal hotels) 
 may be partaken of. The traveller's own feelings will best dictate 
 the hour for retiring to bed. 
 
 Equipment. A superabundance of luggage infallibly increases 
 the delays, annoyances , and expenses of travel. To be provided 
 with enough and no more, may be considered the second golden 
 rule for the traveller. A light 'gibeciere' or game-bag, which is 
 far less irksome to carry than a knapsack, suffices to contain all that 
 is necessary for a week's excursion. A change of flannel shirts and 
 worsted stockings , a few pocket-handkerchiefs , a pair of slippers, 
 and the 'objets de toilette' may, with a little practice, be carried 
 with hardly a perceptible increase of fatigue. A pocket-knife with a 
 corkscrew, a leather drinking-cup, a spirit-flask, stout gloves , and a 
 piece of green crape or coloured spectacles to protect the eyes from 
 the glare of the snow, should not be forgotten. Useful, though less 
 indispensable, are an opera-glass or small telescope, sewing materials, 
 a supply of strong cord, sticking plaster, a small compass, a pocket- 
 lantern, a thermometer, and an aneroid barometer. The traveller's 
 reserve of clothing should be contained in a portmanteau of moder- 
 ate size, which he can easily wield himself when necessary, and 
 which may be forwarded from town to town by post. 
 
 The mountaineer should have a well-tried Aipensfocfc of seasoned 
 ash, 5-6' long, shod with a steel point, and strong enough, when 
 placed horizontally, with the ends supported, to bear the whole 
 weight of the body. For the more difficult ascents an Ice- Axe and 
 Rope are also necessary. The best ropes, light and strong, are made 
 of silk or Manilla hemp. In crossing a glacier the precaution of using 
 the rope should never be neglected. It should be securely tied 
 round the waist of each member of the party, leaving a length of 
 about 10' between each pair. Ice-axes are made in various forms, 
 and are usually furnished with a spike at the end of the handle, so 
 that they can in some measure be used like an Alpenstock. 
 
 General Hints. The traveller's ambition often exceeds his 
 powers of endurance, and if his strength be once overtaxed he will 
 sometimes be incapacitated altogether for several days. At the 
 outset, therefore, the walker's performances should be moderate ; 
 and even when he is in good training , they should rarely exceed 
 10 hrs. a day. When a mountain has to be breasted, the pedes- 
 trian should avoid 'spurts', and pursue the 'even tenor of his way' 
 at a steady and moderate pace (^chi va piano va sano ,• chi va sano 
 va lontand' ). As another golden maxim for his guidance, the travel- 
 ler should remember that — 'When fatigue begins, enjoyment ceases'. 
 
 Mountaineering among the higher Alps should not be attempted 
 before the middle or end of July, nor at any period after a long
 
 VI. MAPS. xxi 
 
 continuance of rain or snow. Glaciers should be traversed as early 
 in the morning as possible, before the sun softens the crust of ice 
 formed during the night over the crevasses. Experienced guides 
 are indispensable for such excursions. 
 
 The traveller is cautioned against sleeping in chalets, unless ab- 
 solutely necessary. Whatever poetry there may be theoretically in 
 'a fragrant bed of hay', the cold night-air piercing abundant aper- 
 tures , the ringing of the cow-bells , the grunting of the pigs, and 
 the undiscarded garments, hardly conduce to refreshing slumber. 
 As a rule, therefore, the night previous to a mountain expedition 
 should be spent either at an inn or at one of the club-huts which 
 the Swiss, German, and Italian Alpine Clubs have recently erected 
 for the convenience of travellers. 
 
 Mountaineers should provide themselves with fresh meat, bread, 
 and wine or spirits for long expeditions. The chalets usually afford 
 nothing but Alpine fare (milk , cheese, and stale bread). Glacier- 
 water should not be drunk except in small quantities, mixed with 
 wine or cognac. Cold milk is also safer when qualified with spirits. 
 One of the best beverages for quenching the thirst is cold tea. 
 
 Over all the movements of the pedestrian the weather holds 
 despotic sway. The barometer and weather-wise natives should be 
 consulted when an opportunity offers. The blowing down of the 
 wind from the mountains into the valleys in the evening, the melt- 
 ing away of the clouds, the fall of fresh snow on the mountains, 
 and the ascent of the cattle to the higher parts of their pasture are 
 all signs of fine weather. On the other hand it is a bad sign if the 
 distant mountains are dark blue in colour and very distinct in out- 
 line, if the wind blows up the mountains , and if the dust rises in 
 eddies on the roads. West winds also usually bring rain. 
 
 Health. For wounds and bruises zinc ointment is a good remedy. 
 Another is a mixture of '/2 oz. of white ^\ax, V2 oz. tallow, 3/4 oz. olive 
 oil, and IV'2 drachms of vinegar of lead, melted together. For inflammation 
 of the skin, caused by the glare of the sun on the snow, cold cream or 
 glycerine and starch are recommended. Another remedy is an ointment 
 of equal parts of almond oil, white wax, and spermaceti. 
 
 For diarrhoea 15 drops of tincture of opium and aromatic tincture 
 mixed in equal quantities may be taken every two hours until relief is 
 afl'orded. The homoeopathic tincture of camphor is also useful. 
 
 VI. Maps. 
 
 1. Maps of Switzerland in One Shekt : — 
 *Leuzingers neue Karte der Schweiz (1 : 400,000), Gfr. 40c. 
 Keller's Reisekarte der Schxcelz (1 : 440,000), 4fr. 80 c. 
 Milllhaupt's Karte (1 : 300,000), 2 sheets, 4fr. 
 
 2. Maps on a Labgbb. Scale : — 
 
 *Topographische Karte der Schweiz^ from surveys made by order 
 of the Federal authorities (under the superintendence of General
 
 xxii VII. GUIDES. 
 
 Dufour) ; scale 1 : 100,000 ; 25 sheets, each 1 to 2fr. (not mounted). 
 Heights are given in metres. 
 
 An admirable work on a still larger scale is the *Topogra- 
 phische Atlas der Schweiz, on the scale of the original drawings 
 (flat districts 1 : 25,000, mountains 1 : 50,000), published by the 
 Federal Stalf Office under the superintendence of Col. Siegfried ; 
 each sheet 1 fr. 
 
 The Alpine Club Map of Switzerland , published by R. C. Ni- 
 chols (1 : 250,000), 4 sheets, 42s. 
 
 For Chamonix, Beillys Map of Mont Blanc, and Mieulefs Massif 
 du Montblanc (1 : 40,000). 
 
 VII. Guides. 
 
 On well-trodden routes like those of the Rigi, Pilatus, Wen- 
 gern Alp, Faulhorn, Scheidegg, Grimsel, Gemmi, etc., the services 
 of a guide are unnecessary ; but the traveller may engage the first 
 urchin he meets to carry his bag or knapsack for a trifling gratuity. 
 Guides are, however, indispensable for glacier-expeditions. As a 
 class, they will be found to be intelligent and respectable men, 
 well versed in their duties, and acq[uainted with the people and 
 resources of the country. 
 
 The great stations for guides are Interlaken, Lauterbrunnen, 
 Grindelwald, Meiringen, Martigny, Chamonix, Courmayeur, Zer- 
 matt , and Pontresina , while for the principal passes guides are 
 always to be found at the neighbouring villages. The traveller 
 should select one of the certificated guides , who have passed an 
 examination, and are furnished with legal certificates of character 
 and qualifications. The usual pay of a guide is 6-8 fr. for a day of 
 8 hrs. ; he is bound to carry 15-18 pounds of baggage, and to hold 
 himself at the entire disposition of his employers. If dismissed at 
 a distance from home, he is entitled to 6fr. a day for the return- 
 journey ; but he is bound to return by the shortest practicable route. 
 
 Although a guide adds considerably to the traveller's expenses, 
 the outlay will seldom be regretted. A good guide points out many 
 objects which the best maps fail to indicate ; he furnishes interesting 
 information about manners and customs, battle-fields, and historical 
 incidents ; and when the traveller reaches his hotel, wearied with the 
 fatigues of the day, his guide often renders him valuable service. 
 It need hardly be said that a certain amount of good fellowship and 
 confidence should subsist between the traveller and the man who 
 is perhaps to be his sole companion for several days, and upon 
 whose skill and experience his very life not unfrequently depends. 
 
 Divided among a party, the expense of a guide is of course 
 greatly diminished ; but where there is much luggage to carry, it is 
 often better to hire a horse or mule, the attendant of which will 
 serve as a guide on the ordinary routes. 
 
 Adult porters are entitled to 75 cent, or 1 fr. an hour, when
 
 IX. DILIGENCES, etc. xxiii 
 
 not engaged by tlie day, return included. In every case it is advis- 
 able to make a distinct bargain beforehand. 
 
 VIII. Carriages and Horses. 
 
 Carriages. The ordinary charge for a carriage with one horse is 
 15-20 fr., with two horses 25-30 fr. per day, and the driver ex- 
 pects 10 per cent of the fare as a gratuity. In the height of sum- 
 mer the charges are slightly increased. Like the guides , the 
 'voiturier' demands the return -fare to the place where he was 
 engaged, and the traveller should therefore endeavour to discharge 
 his carriage as near the home of the driver as possible. 
 
 For long journeys it is desirable to have a written agreement, 
 which the driver usually concludes by depositing a sum with his 
 employer as earnest-money, afterwards to be added to the account. 
 The carriage and horses should be inspected before the conclusion 
 of the bargain. Private posting, or the system of changing horses, 
 is forbidden by law. 
 
 Return-vehicles may sometimes be obtained for 10 to 15 fr. per 
 day, but the use of them is in some places prohibited. 
 
 The average day's journey is 30-40 miles, a halt of 2-3 hrs. 
 being made about noon ; and for the return-journey about 36 M. 
 
 In mountainous districts 'Bergwagli' or 'chars-a-bancs', for two 
 persons, may be hired for 12-15 fr. per day, fees included. 
 
 Horses. A horse or mule costs 10-12 fr. per day, and the atten- 
 dant expects a gratuity of 1-2 fr. in addition; but in some places, 
 as at Chamonix, as much is charged for the attendant as for the 
 animal. If he cannot return home with his horse on the same day, 
 the following day must be paid for. Walking, however, is prefer- 
 able. A prolonged ascent on horseback is fatiguing, and the de- 
 scent of a steep hill is disagreeable. Even ladies may easily ascend 
 some of the finest points of view on foot, but if unequal to the 
 task they may either ride or engage 'chaises-k-porteurs'. 
 
 IX. Diligences, Post Office, Telegraph. 
 
 Diligences. The Swiss postal system is well organised. The 
 diligences are generally well fitted up, the drivers and guards are 
 respectable, and the fares moderate. These vehicles consist of the 
 coupe, or first-class compartment in front , with 2-3 seats, the in- 
 terieur, or second-class compartment at the back, with 4-6 seats, 
 which affords little or no view, and the banquette (used in summer 
 only) for 2 passengers on the outside. In some cases there is only 
 one outside-seat, which is reserved for the conducteur, or guard, 
 but which will be ceded by him on payment of the difference be- 
 tween the ordinary and the coupe fare. 
 
 On important routes the coupe' is generally engaged several days 
 beforehand. This may be done by letter, enclosing the fare, and 
 giving the traveller's name , and the day and hour of departure.
 
 xxiv IX. DILIGENCES, etc. 
 
 When the diligence is full, 'Beiwagen', or supplementary carriages 
 are provided. These are often light , open yehicles , preferahle 
 to the lumbering 'Postwagen'. A seat in one of them may gen- 
 erally be procured by arrangement with the conductor. As a rule 
 passengers are consigned to the interieur or to a supplementary 
 carriage in the order in which they are booked. If therefore the 
 traveller has failed to secure a coupe or banquette seat by early 
 application, he will often avoid the interieur by delaying to take 
 his ticket till the diligence is about to start. 
 
 The coupe or banquette fare is on ordinary routes 20 c. per 
 kilometre (about 32 c. per Engl. M.}, on Alpine passes 30 c. per kilom. 
 (about 48 c. per Engl. M.); fare in the interieur or cabriolet 15 or 
 25 c. per kilometre (24 or 40 per Engl. M.). Children of 2-7 years of 
 age pay half-fare. Each passenger is allowed 33 lbs. of luggage 
 on ordinary routes, but 22 lbs. only on the high Alpine routes. 
 Overweight is charged for at the ordinary postal tariff. Small articles 
 may be taken into the carriage, but heavy luggage should be booked 
 one hour before starting. The average speed of these sedate mail- 
 coaches of Switzerland is about 6 M. per hour on level ground, and 
 
 4 M. per hour on mountains-routes. 
 
 Extra-Post. This is the term applied to the Swiss system of 
 posting, managed by government, private posting being prohibited. 
 The charge for each horse is 72^^. per kilometre (80 c. per M.); for 
 a carriage with 2-5 seats 20 c. per kilom. (32 c. per M.), for one 
 with 6 seats 25 c. per kilom. (40 c. per M.), for one with 7 or 
 more seats 30 c. per kilom. (48 c. per M.). Besides these charges, 
 which include the driver's fee, an additional payment of 2-4 fr. 
 must be made according to the size of the carriage. K the same 
 vehicle is required for a journey of several stages, double carriage- 
 money is exacted. Extra-post may be ordered at the principal post- 
 offices on the mountain-routes at one hour's notice. The fare must 
 be paid in advance. 
 
 Letters of 250 grammes (about 9 oz.), prepaid, to any part o 
 Switzerland 10 c; if within a radius of 10 kilometres, 5 c; letters 
 of 15 grammes (about 1/2 oz.) to all countries in the postal union 
 25 c., and 25 c. for each 15 gr. more Registration-fee for Switzer- 
 land 10 c, for other countries 25 c. — Post-cards for Switzerland 
 
 5 c., for other countries 10c. — Printed matter under 15 gr. for 
 Switzerland 2 c, for other countries 5 c. 
 
 Post Office Orders within Switzerland must not exceed 1000 fr. for 
 the larger, and 500 fr. for the smaller towns. The charge for an order not 
 exceeding 20 fr. is 15 c., for 100 fr. 20 c., for each additional 100 fr. 10 c. 
 more. Money- orders for foreign countries 24 c. for every 100 fr. (with a 
 minimum fee of 50 c). 
 
 Parcel Post. The rate of postage for an inland parcel from any 
 post office in Switzerland to any other is 15 c. for a weight not ex- 
 ceeding 500 grammes (li/io lb.); 25 c. from 500 to 2500 gr.; 40 c. 
 from 2500 gr. to 5 kilogrammes (11 lb.); 70 c. from 5 to 10 kgr.;
 
 X. RAILWAYS. xxY 
 
 1 fr. from 10 to 15 kgr.; 1 fr. 50 c. from 15 to 20 kgr. The tariff 
 for parcels exceeding 20 kgr. varies according to the distance from 
 30 to 90 c. for every 5 kgr. Luggage can often be sent by post much 
 more cheaply than by other means. 
 
 The Telegraph System of Switzerland is very complete, the 
 aggregate length of the wires being at present greater than In any 
 other country in proportion to the population. There are now 
 upwards of 1000 offices; those in the large towns are open from 
 6 or 7 a.m. till 11 or 10 p.m. according to the season. The tariff 
 for a telegram within Switzerland is 30 c, together with 5 c. for 
 every two words; to Germany 50c. and 10c. for each word; to 
 England 40 c. for each word; to France 7c. for each word for tele- 
 grams to the frontier, or 121/2 c. for each word for greater distances. 
 The rates for other foreign telegrams may be ascertained at the offices. 
 For telegrams handed in at railway-stations an additional charge of 
 50 c. is made. 
 
 Telegrams may be handed in at any post-office, from which, if 
 not itself a telegraph office, they are transmitted without delay to 
 the nearest. In such cases the fee for the telegram is paid by af- 
 fixing a stamp of the requisite value Q/i^r. or upwards, according 
 to the number of words). 
 
 X. Railways. 
 
 The Carriages on most of the Swiss lines are constructed on 
 the American plan, generally holding 72 passengers, and furnished 
 at each end with steps of easy access. Through each carriage, and 
 indeed through the whole train, runs a passage, on each side of 
 which the seats are disposed. This arrangement enables the trav- 
 eller to change his seat at pleasure, and to see the scenery to ad- 
 vantage, unless the carriage is very full. Tickets are examined and 
 collected in the carriages. 
 
 The carriages in French Switzerland are of the ordinary con- 
 struction. Passengers' tickets are checked as they leave the waiting- 
 room before starting, and given up at the ^Sortie' on their arrival. 
 
 Luggage must be booked and paid for after the traveller has 
 obtained his own ticket, but small portmanteaus and travelling-bags 
 may generally be taken into the carriage without objection. Trav- 
 ellers with through-tickets from the German to the Swiss railways, 
 or vice versa, should see that their luggage is safe on reaching the 
 frontier (Bale, Geneva, Neuchatel, Friedrichshafen, Lindau, Ror- 
 chach, Romanshorn, etc.). Where a frontier has to be crossed, 
 ordinary luggage should never be sent by goods-train. 
 
 The enormous weight of the large trunks and boxes used by 
 some travellers causes not only great labour but not infrequently 
 serious and even lifelong injury to tlie railway and hotel porters who 
 have to handle them. Heavy articles should be placed in the smaller 
 packages, and only the lightest articles in the larger tiunks.
 
 xxvi ?:i. HISTORY. 
 
 Circular Tickets and return-tickets are issued at reduced rates 
 on most of the Swiss lines, and also by the German and French 
 railways to Switzerland. Information regarding them will be found in 
 the time-tables ; but they are apt to hamper the traveller's movements 
 and to deprive him of the independence essential to enjoyment. 
 
 XI. History. Statistics. 
 
 The limits of this work preclude more than a brief historical sketch of 
 the interesting country the traveller is now visiting, whose inhabitants have 
 ever been noted for their spirit of freedom and independence. It is ne- 
 cessary for a moment to carry the reader back to the conquest of Helvetia 
 by the Roman legions. "Under the Roman sway Helvetia enjoyed a flourish- 
 ing trade, which covered the land with cities and villages. A trace of 
 that period exists in the Romanic dialect, which is still spoken in some 
 parts of Switzerland. 
 
 Switzerland is believed to have been first peopled by the Rhaeti, who 
 were driven from the plains to the mountains by the Helvetii , a Celtic 
 tribe. The latter were conquered by the Romans, B. C. 58, and the Rheeti 
 were subdued in B. C. 15. The Romans made good military roads over 
 the Great St. Bernard (p. 290) to Bale, and over the Julier (p. 385), 
 Septimer (p. 385), and Spliigen (p. 375) to Bregenz (p. 424), and thence to 
 Bale. The chief settlements, were Aventicum (Avenches, p. 207) in the Can- 
 ton of Vaud, Vindonissa (p. 19) at the confluence of the Aare, Reuss, and 
 Limmat, Avgusta Rauracorum (Augst, p. 18) near Bale, and Curia Rhae- 
 torum (Coire, p. 347) in the Grisons. E. Switzerland as far as Pfyn (ad 
 fines) in Thurgau, and Pfrjn (p. 297) in the Upper Valais, belonged to the 
 province of Rhsetia, while W. Switzerland formed part of Gaul. The name 
 Helvetii had become extinct even before the time of Constantine. 
 
 About A. D. 400 a great irruption of barbarians swept through the 
 peaceful valleys of the Alps, and Huns, Burgundians, Alemanni, and 
 Ostrogoths in 'succession settled in different parts of the country. The 
 Alemanni occupied the whole of K. Switzerland, where German is now 
 spoken; the Bvrgundians the W. part, where French is spoken; and the 
 Ostrogoths S. Switzerland, where Italian and Romansch are now spoken. 
 These races were gradually subdued by the Franks, who, however, did not 
 take possession of the country themselves, but governed it by their officers. 
 During this period Christianity was introduced, the monasteries of Disentis 
 (p. 365), St. Gallen (p. 48), 'jSinsiedeln (p. 98), and Beromiinster were 
 founded, and dukes and counts were appointed as vicegerents of the 
 Franconian kings. 
 
 After the dissolution of the great Franconian empire, the eastern half 
 of Switzerland, the boundary of which extended from Eglisau over the 
 Albis to Lucerne and the Grimsel, was united with the duchy of Alem.an- 
 nia, or Stoabia, and the western part with the kingdom of Burgundy (912). 
 After the downfall of the latter (1032) the German Emperors took posses- 
 sion of the country, and governed it by their vicegerents the dukes of 
 Zsehringen (p. 135), who were perpetually at enmity with the Burgundian 
 nobles and therefore favoured the inhabitants of the towns, and were 
 themselves the founders of several new towns, such as Freiburg, Bern, 
 and Burgdorf. 
 
 As the power of the emperors declined, and the nobles, spiritual and 
 temporal, became more ambitious of independence, and more eager to fill 
 their coffers at the expense of their neighbours, the Swiss towns and the 
 few country-people who had succeeded in preserving their freedom from 
 serfdom were compelled to consult their safety by entering into freaties 
 with the feudal lords of the soil. Thus the inhabitants of Zurich placed 
 themselves under the protection of the then unimportant Counts of Haps- 
 lurg, with whom the 'Three Cantons' of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden 
 were also allied. In 1231 and 1240 letters of independence were granted 
 by Emperor Frederick 11. to TJri and Schwyz, and after Count Rudolph of
 
 XI. HISTORY. xxvii 
 
 Hapsburg had become emperor he confirmed the privileges of the former 
 in 1274, while Schwyz and Unterwalden still continued subject to the 
 Hapsburg supremacy. 
 
 After the emperor's death in 1291 the Forest Cantons formed their 
 first league for mutual safety and the protection of their liberty against 
 the growing power of the House of Hapsburg. Rudolph's son Albert in 
 particular endeavoured to rear the limited rights he enjoyed in these dis- 
 tricts into absolute sovereignty, and to incorporate them with his empire. 
 
 The ancient cantons therefore embraced the cause of the rival monarch 
 Adolph of Nassau, who confirmed their privileges. Victory, however, 
 favoured Albert, who again deprived the cantons of their privileges, but 
 does not appear to have treated them with much severity. To this period 
 belongs the romantic but unfounded tradition of William Tell, i 
 
 After the assassination of Albert by John of Swabia in 1308, Emperor 
 Henry VII., who was also an opponent of the Hapsburgers, conferred a 
 charter of independence on the Forest Cantons. The House of Hapsburg 
 regarded this as an infringement of their rights, and sent a powerful 
 army against these cantons, which after the death of Henry had declared 
 their adherence to Lewis the Bavarian, the opponent of Frederick the 
 Handsome. This army was destroyed at the Morgarten (p. 72) in 1315. 
 Subsequent attempts to subject the country to the supremacy of the 
 House of Hapsburg were frustrated by the victories of the Swiss at Sem- 
 pach (p. 20) in 1386, at Ndfels (p. 59) in 1388, and at the Stoss (p. 54) 
 in 1405. 
 
 In the Burgundian parts of the country too the nobility were jealous 
 of the increasing importance of the towns, and therefore attempted to con- 
 quer Bern, but were defeated by the citizens at Laupen (p. 203) in 1339. 
 
 In 1354 a confederacy was formed by eight independent districts and 
 towns, which soon became powerful enough to assume the offensive, and 
 at length actually wrested the hereditary domain of Hapsburg from the 
 dukes of Austria, who tried in vain to recover it. 
 
 Even Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, the mightiest prince of his 
 time, was defeated by the Swiss at the three battles of Grandson (1476, 
 p. 202), Moral (1476, p. 207), and Nancy, while at an earlier period a large 
 body of irregular French and other troops, which had been made over to 
 Austria by the King of France, sustained a severe check from the con- 
 federates at St. Jacob on the Birs (1444, p. 8). 
 
 In the Swabian war (1499) the bravery and unity of the Swiss achieved 
 another triumph in the victory of Dornach (p. 9). At that period their 
 independence of the emperor was formally recognised, but they continued 
 nominally attached to the empire down to 1648. 
 
 The last-named victory formed a fitting termination to a successful 
 career of two centuries, the most glorious in the history of Switzerland. 
 At the beginning of the 16th century a period of decline set in. The 
 enormous booty captured in the Burgundian war had begotten a taste for 
 wealth and luxury, the demoralising practice of serving as mercenary 
 troops in foreign lands began to prevail, and a foundation was laid for 
 the reproachful proverb, 'Pas d'argent, pas de Suisses!' 
 
 The cause of the Reformation under the auspices of Zwingli was 
 zealously embraced by a large proportion of the population of Switzerland 
 about the beginning of the 16th century, but the bitter jealousies thus 
 
 . + The legend of the national hero of Switzerland, as well as the story 
 of the expulsion of the Austrian bailifls in 1308, is destitute of historical 
 foundation. No trace of such a person is to be found in the work of John 
 of Winterthur (Vitoduranus, 1349) or that of Conrad Justinger of Bern 
 (1420), the earliest Swiss historians. Mention is made of him for the first 
 time in the Sarner Chronik of 1470, and the myth was subsequently em- 
 bellished by iEgidius Tschudi of Glarus (d. 15^2), and still more by Jo- 
 hann v. MuUer (d. 1809), while Schiller's famous play has finally secured 
 to the hero a world-wide celebrity. Similar traditions are met with among 
 various northern nations, such as the Danes and Icelanders.
 
 XXVlll 
 
 XI. STATISTICS. 
 
 sown between the Roman Catholic and the Reformed Cantons were 
 attended with most disastrous consequences, and in the civil wars which 
 ensued bloody battles were fought at Kappel (p. 71) in 1531, at Villmergen 
 in 1656, and during the Toggenburg war (p. 58) in 1712. 
 
 Traces of unflinching bravery and of a noble spirit of self-sacrifice in 
 the cause of conscience are observable in individual instances even at the 
 close of the 18th century, as exampled by the affairs of Rothenihurm 
 (p. 99) and Stayis (p. 118), but the national vigour was gone. The resist- 
 ance of individuals to the iuA'asion of the French republicans proved fruit- 
 less, and the Helvetian Republic was founded on the ruins ot the ancient 
 liberties of the nation. In 1803 Xapoleon restored the cantonal system, 
 and in accordance with resolutions passed by the Congress of Vienna in 
 1815 the constitution was remodelled. The changes introduced in conse- 
 quence ot the revolution of July, 1830, were unhappily the forerunners of 
 the civil war of the Sonderbund, or Separate League, in November, 1847; 
 but this was of short duration, and on 12th September, 1848, a new 
 federal constitution was inaugurated. Since that period the public tran- 
 quillity has been undisturbed, and the prosperity and harmony which now 
 prevail throughout the country are not unworthy of the glorious traditions 
 of the past. 
 
 Area and Population 
 according to the census of 1st Dec. 1888. 
 
 n *« 
 
 Sq. 
 
 C 
 
 .onfeasion. 
 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Cantons. 
 
 Leagues 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rom.Cath. 
 
 Prot. 
 
 Jews 
 
 Sects 
 
 
 1. Zurich . . . 
 
 74,8 
 
 40,408 
 
 294,336 
 
 1,416 
 
 2.980 
 
 339,014 
 
 2. Bern .... 
 
 294 
 
 68,246 
 
 463,120 
 
 1,245 
 
 1,694 
 
 539,305 
 
 3. Lucerne . . . 
 
 54 
 
 127.533 
 
 7.939 
 
 215 
 
 93 
 
 135,780 
 
 L Uri . . . . 
 
 47 
 
 16,892 
 
 378 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 17,284 
 
 5. Schwyz . . . 
 
 40 
 
 49,289 
 
 1,097 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 50,396 
 
 6. Unterwald . . 
 
 33,5 
 
 27,096 
 
 457 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 27,556 
 
 7. Glarus . . . 
 
 29,8 
 
 7,790 
 
 25,935 
 
 15 
 
 60 
 
 33,800 
 
 ^. Zug . . . • 
 
 10',2 
 
 21,696 
 
 1,394 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 23,120 
 
 9. Freiburg . . 
 
 ''1,1 
 
 100,425 
 
 18,869 
 
 127 
 
 42 
 
 119,562 
 
 10. Soleure . . . 
 
 34,5 
 
 63,539 
 
 21,898 
 
 154 
 
 125 
 
 85,720 
 
 11. Bdle-ville . . 
 
 1,5 
 
 22,402 
 
 50,326 
 
 1,078 
 
 441 
 
 74,247 
 
 Bdle-camp. . . 
 
 18,5 
 
 12,961 
 
 48,847 
 
 165 
 
 160 
 
 62,133 
 
 12. Schaffhausen . 
 
 i2;9 
 
 4,813 
 
 32,887 
 
 26 
 
 150 
 
 37,876 
 
 13. Appemell . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Rhodes ext.) . 
 
 iO,r 
 
 4.50-2 
 
 49,5.55 
 
 26 
 
 117 
 
 54,200 
 
 (Rhodes int.) . 
 
 ■7,3 
 
 12:906 
 
 697 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 12,906 
 
 14. St. Gallen . . 
 
 87;7 
 
 135,796 
 
 93,705 
 
 575 
 
 365 
 
 229,441 
 
 15. Orisons . . . 
 
 304,1 
 
 43,320 
 
 52,842 
 
 43 
 
 86 
 
 96,291 
 
 16. Aargau . . . 
 
 60,4 
 
 85,962 
 
 106,414 
 
 1,064 
 
 394 
 
 193,834 
 
 17, Thurgau . . 
 
 42,8 
 
 30,337 
 
 74,782 
 
 61 
 
 411 
 
 105,091 
 
 18. Ticino . . . 
 
 121,6 
 
 125,622 
 
 i,ar9 
 
 13 
 
 434 
 
 127,148 
 
 19. Vaud . . . 
 
 1387 
 
 22,428 
 
 227,475 
 
 638 
 
 755 
 
 251,296 
 
 20. Valais . . . 
 
 226,5 
 
 100,925 
 
 865 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 101,837 
 
 21. Neuchdtel . . 
 
 34,7 
 
 12,689 
 
 95,040 
 
 774 
 
 534 
 
 109,037 
 
 22. Geneva . . . 
 
 12,2 
 
 52,692 
 
 51,532 
 
 723 
 
 1,791 
 
 106,738 
 
 Total .... 
 
 1769,3 
 
 1,189,662 
 
 1,724,869 
 
 8,3S4 
 
 10,697 
 
 2'2?^?f.? 
 
 Census of 1880 . 
 
 — 
 
 1,161,055 
 
 1,666,984 
 
 7,330 
 
 10,653 
 
 2,846,102 
 
 Increase . . . 
 
 ' - 
 
 28,607 
 
 57,885 
 
 1004 
 
 14 
 
 147,510
 
 I. NORTHERN SWITZERLAND. 
 
 1. Bale 2 
 
 From Bale through the Birsigthal to Fliihen. Lands- 
 kron; Mariastein, 8. 
 
 2. From Bale to Bienne and Bern through the Miinsterthal 9 
 
 From Delcmont to Porrentruy. Ascent of the Weissen- 
 stein from Miinster, 10. — From Be'vihird over the 
 Montoz to Reuchenette, 10. The Taubenlochschlucht. 
 Macolin, 11. — Ascent of the Cha^seral Leubringen, 12. 
 
 3. From Bale to Bienne via Olten and Soleure .... 12 
 
 From Lieslal to Waldenhurg; Langenbruck, 12. — The 
 Schafmat t ; Eptingen ; the Frohburg, 13. — The ^eu-Wart- 
 bnrg; Fridau, 14. — Lostorf. From Soleure to theWeissen- 
 stein, 15. — From Soleure to Burgdorf; to Lyss, 16. 
 
 4. From Bale to Bern -via Herzogenbuchsee 17 
 
 From Herzogenbuchsee to Soleure, 17. — From Burg- 
 dorf to Langnau, 17. 
 
 5. From Bale to Ziirich 18 
 
 From Stein to Koblenz. Konigsfelden ; Vindonissa, 18. — 
 From Brugg to Wohlen, 19. — From Wettingen to Oer- 
 likon, 20. 
 
 6. From Bale to Lucerne 20 
 
 From Zofingen to Suhr, 20. 
 
 7. From Olten to Waldshut via Aarau and Brugg ... 21 
 
 From Aarau to Muri and Rothkreuz; Bremgarten, 21. — 
 From Aarau to Baden. The Habsburg, 22. 
 
 8. From Bale to Schaffhausen and Constance 22 
 
 From Sin^'en to Etzweilcn. The Island of Reichenau, 24. 
 — Steamboat from Schaffhausen to Constance, 25. 
 
 9. The Falls of the Rhine 26 
 
 10. From Friedrichshafen to Constance. Lake of Constance 27 
 
 The Mainau, 30. 
 
 11. From Rorschach to Constance and Winterthur (Ziirich) 30 
 
 12. From Schaffhausen to Ziirich '. 32 
 
 13. Ziirich and the Uetliberg 32 
 
 14. From Ziirich to Coire. Lakes of Ziirich and Waleustadt 39 
 i. Steamboat on the Lake of Ziirich 39 
 
 The Pfannenstiel, 40. 
 ii. Railway on the Left (S.) Bank from Ziirich to Zie- 
 
 gelbriicke (Glarus) 41 
 
 The Waggithal, 41. 
 iii. Railway from Ziirich to Rapperswil, Weesen, and 
 
 Sargans 42 
 
 The Bachtcl, 42. — Rieden, 43. — Biberlikopf-, Amden; 
 Speer, 44. — From Sliihlehorn over the Kerenzenberg 
 to Mollis, 44. — The Murgthal; the Roththor; the Wider- 
 stein-Furkel and Murgsce-Furkel ■, Jlurtschenstock, 45. — 
 From Walenstadt over the Kaserruck to Wildhaus in the 
 Toggenburg. The Alvier, 45. — From Mels through the 
 Weisstannen-Thal and Kalfeuser-Thal to Vattis, 46. 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland, loth Edition. 1
 
 2 7. Route 1. BALE. Hoiels. 
 
 15. From Ziiricli to llomanshoru and Friedrichshafen . . 46 
 
 From Oerlikon to Dielsdorf; Eegensberg, 46. — From 
 Winterthur to Waldshut, 4l3. — From Wintertbur to 
 Riiti (Tossthal Railway), 47. — From Frauenfeld to Wyl, 
 47. — From Sulgen to Gossau, 47. 
 
 16. From Zurich to St. Gallen, Rorscliach, and Lindau . 47 
 
 From Winkeln to Appenzell, 48. — Excursions from St. 
 Gallen; tlieFreudeiiberg; Untere and Obere Waid, etc., 49. 
 
 — Excursions from Rorscbacbj the Martinstobel; the 
 Motteliscbloss ; Walzenbausen; Meldegg; Horn, 50. — 
 Excursions from Lindau, 51. 
 
 17. The Canton of AppenzeU 51 
 
 Chapel of St.Antbony ;the Kaien, Vcigelisegg, 53. — Gabris ; 
 Stoss, 54. — From the Weissbad over the Hohe Kasten 
 to the Valley of the Rhine, 55. — The Wildkirehli and 
 Ebenalp, 55. — The Sentis, 56. — From the Weissbad 
 to Wildhaus-, Altmann; Teufen; Frolichsegg, 57. 
 
 18. From Wyl through the Toggenhurg to Buchs in the 
 Rhine Valley 58 
 
 Ascent of the Speer from Ebnat or Nesslau. From 
 Nesslau over the Krazern Pass to Urnasch, 58. 
 
 19. From Ziirich to Glarus and Linththal 59 
 
 The Rautispitz, 59. — The Scheye; Schild; Fronalp- 
 stock, 60. — Oberblegisee; Saasberg and Karpfstock,61. 
 
 — Excursions from Stachelberg, 62. — The Pantenbriicke, 
 Uelialp, Upper Sandalp, and Todi, etc., 62, 63. — From 
 Linththal over the Kisten-Pass to Ilanz, 63. 
 
 20. From Stachelberg to Altdorf. Klausen ....... 63 
 
 21. From Schwyz to Glarus over the Pragel 65 
 
 From the Jluottathal to Altdorf over the Kinzig Pass, 
 and to Stachelberg by the Bisithal, 65. — The Gliir- 
 nisch, 66. 
 
 22. From Glarus to Coire through the Sernf-Thal .... 67 
 
 From Elm over the Segnes Pass to Films-, over the 
 Panixer Pass or the Sether Furka to Ilanz, 68. — From 
 Elm over the Ramin Pass to Weisstannen. 68. — From 
 Elm over the Sardona Pass, the Scheibe Pass, or the 
 Muttenthaler Grat to Vattis, 68. — From Elm over the 
 Richetli Pass to Linththal, 68. 
 
 1. Bale. 
 
 Railway Stations. The Baden Station (PI. F, 1), at Klein-Basel, 
 is on the right bank of the Rhine. The Baden (middle European) time 
 is 30 min. in advance of the Swiss. — The Alsace and the Swiss lines 
 both start from the Central Station (PI. D, E, 6) in Bale, on the S. side 
 of the town. These two stations are connected by a junction-line, crossing 
 the river (10 min. ; fares 1 fr., 70 c., 50 c.). Omnibus^ see p. 3. 
 
 Hotels. *Teois Rois (PI. a •, D, 2, 3), on the Rhine, R., L., & A. 41/2-6 V2, 
 B. 11/2, D. 5, omn. 1 fr. At the Central Station, to the right: *Hotel Na- 
 tional (PI. d; E, 6), R., L., & A. 3V2-4 fr. ; *H6tel Suisse (PI. c; E, 6), R. 
 & A. 372-41/2, D. 4-5 fr. ; these two of the first class ; -Hotel Victokia (PI. e ; 
 E, 6), R., L., & A. from 31/2, D. 3V2-4 fr. ; *H6tel St. Gotthaed , R., L., 
 & A. 3, D. 3fr. To the left of the station: ^^Hotel Eulee (PI. b; D, 6), 
 R., L., & A. 4V2-6V2, omnibus 1 fr., first-class ; *H6tel Hofee (PL f ; D, 6), 
 R.& A. 21/2-31/2, B. 11/4 fr.; ^^Hotel Jura, small. — In the town: *Faucon (Pl.g; 
 1), 6), corner of the Elisabethen-Str., R. 2-3, B. 1 fr. •, *MiiTEOPOLE PL h) 
 D, 4), R. & A. 21/2, B. 11/4 fr, ; Sauvage (PI. i ; D, 4), well spoken of 5 *Cigogne
 
 Bridges. BALE. 7. Route 1. 3 
 
 (PI. k ; D, 3), R. & A. S'/z, D. 3 fr. ; Hotel Centkal (PI. o; D, 4), opposite 
 the post-office; Coubonne (PI. 1; D, 3), *Bellevue (PI. m ; D, 3), botli on the 
 Rhine; *Po3T fPl. n; D, 3, 4). — At Klein-Basel: ^Hotei, Krafft (PI. p; 
 
 E, 3), R. & A. 3, B. 11/4, D. 3 fr., -Ckoix Blanche (PI. q ; E, 3), R. & A. 
 2V2-3 fr., both on the Rhine; Hotel de Bale (PI. r; F, 2), R. <fe A. 3, B. 
 I'Afr.; •PIotel Scheieder (PI. s; F, 1), near the Baden Station, R. 3, B. 
 
 Cafes. Trois Rois^ on the Rhine; Kimsthalle; "Stadt- Casino^ also good 
 restaurant; Ca/i National^ also restaurant, by the old bridge, with a terrace 
 overlooking:; the Rhine. — Confectioners (who sell '-Easier Leckerli''): Wirz^ 
 near the old bridge; KisslinfjKuentzy^ Freie-Str. 19; Burckhardt, Steiger, 
 both in the Schneidergasse; Horter, at Klein-Basel; etc. 
 
 Restaurants. At the '^Central Station; -Casino (see above); Bertmnd, 
 Markt-Platz; Bierhalle zum Parsifal- Freie-Str, 49 (Munich beer); Biihler's 
 BierhaUe^ Steinensaburb, in the 'old German' style, good cooking (in summer, 
 Biihler's Biergarten, in the Steruengasslein). Wine at the Veltlinerhalle, Freie- 
 Str., and at the Schiitzenhaus (good stained glass). — In Klein-Basel: at the 
 Baden Station ; Biirgvogtei^ wiih. a 'Bierhalle'' and garden; Warteck Breicery^ 
 near the Baden station; Oeschger, Riehenthor-Str, 27. — ^Sommer-Casino (PL 
 
 F, G), near the St. Jacob Monument (p. 8), with a pleasant garden, music 
 on Wed. and Frid. at 7.30, on Sun. at 6 p.m. (50 c.) ; concerts also at the 
 Erlen-Park^ 11/4 M. from Klein-Basel, and in the Zoological Garden (p. 8). 
 
 Omnibus (St ad t omnibus) between the Central and Baden Stations, cross- 
 ing the Alte Brucke (20 c). — Cabs. For 1/4 hr., 1-2 persons, 80 c. ; second ','4 
 hr. 60, each additional 1/4 hr. 50 c. ; 3-4 pers. 1 fr. 20 c., the second V4 hr. 90, 
 each additional 1/4 hr. 70 c. From either station into the town, 1-2 pers. 
 1 fr. 20 c. , 3-4 pers. 1 fr. 80 c. ; from one station to the other 1-2 pers. IV •_., 
 3-4 pers. 21/2 fr., each box 20c. extra. At night (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) 3fr. 
 for the first 1/2 hr. and 1 fr. for each additional V* lir. , and 10 c. per •/« 
 hr. for lights. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Offices (PI. D, 4) in the Freien-Str.; at the railway- 
 stations ; in the Johannes suburb; and at the Schiitzentrraben. 
 
 Baths in the Rliine (PI. E, 3, 4), entered from the Pfalz (p. 5), 1 fr. 
 Warm baths : Staujfer-Sc/imid, Martinsgasse; Sigmund, Leonhard-Str. ; Zum 
 Brunnen, Fischmarkt. 
 
 Zoological Garden (p. 8); admission 1/2 fr- 
 
 Picture Gallery (V-.'fr.) in the new Kimsthalle on the Steinenberg (p. 8); 
 another at Lang's, Freie-Str. 
 
 English Church Service in a chapel at the Hotel des Trois Rois, 
 
 B3.1e, or Basel (870'), the capital of the half-canton Bale-Ville 
 or Basel-Stadt (pop. 82,431), is first mentioned in the year 374 
 under the name of Basilea, having probably been founded by the 
 Roman armies, when they fell back on the Rhine, near the old Colonia 
 Augusta Rauracorum, which had been established in B. C. 27 by 
 L, Munatius Plancus (now Basel-Augst, 51/2 ^^- to the E. , see 
 p, 18), In the middle ages Bale was a free town of the Empire, 
 and it has been a member of the Swiss Confederation since 1501. 
 
 The principal town lies on the left bank of the Rhine, and is 
 connected with Klein -Basel by three bridges. The wooden Alte 
 Briicke (PI. D, E, 3), 165 yds. in length and 16 yds. in breadth, 
 is partly supported by stone piers. In the middle of the bridge rise 
 a chapel of the 16th cent, and a column with a barometer and 
 weather-cock. Above the old bridge the river is crossed by the 
 iron Wettstein Bridge (PI. F, 4), completed in 1879, with three 
 spans, '200 ft. in width. At each end of the bridge are two basilisks, 
 the heraldic symbol of Bale. Below the old bridge is the five- 
 
 1*
 
 4 I. Route 1. BALE. Munster. 
 
 arched Johanniter Bridge (PI. D, 1), completed in 1882, wliicli 
 commands a fine view. 
 
 The *Munster (PL E, 4), a picturesque edifice of red sand- 
 stone, with two conspicuous towers, was formerly the cathedral 
 of the see of Bale. The bishopric, founded hy Charlemagne, 
 was transferred, in consequence of the puritanical outrages, to 
 Porrentruy (p. 10) in 1529, and afterwards to Soleure (p. 14). 
 The Miinster was built by the Emp. Henry 11. in 1010-1019, 
 and was restored in 1185 after a fire. In 1356 the old building was 
 almost demolished by an earthquake, but it was afterwards rebuilt 
 in the Gothic style. The Towers, which are 218' in height, were 
 not completed tni 1500. Of the original structure the N. portal, or 
 St. Gallus gateway (built about 1200), still exists, and is adorned 
 with statues of the Evangelists, John the Baptist, and other saints; 
 over the church-door is a relief representing the wise and foolish 
 virgins; at the sides in six niches are the works of charity, and at 
 the top Christ on the Judgment-seat and the angels at the last day. 
 The W. Front under the towers, with the principal portal and two 
 side-entrances, belongs to the 14th cent. ; on the facade are represented 
 the Virgin and Child, and under them the Emp. Henry, the founder 
 and benefactor of the church, with the Empress Kunigunde; on the 
 two side-entrances are two knights, on the left St. George and the 
 Dragon, and on the right St. Martin. The exterior has recently 
 undergone a thorough restoration. 
 
 The Interior is open to the public in summer on Wed., 2-4 p.m.; 
 at other times 50 c. (mediseval collection and council-hall 50 c. extra, see 
 below). The sacristan lives in the Miinsterplatz No. 13, but in summer he 
 is generally to be found in the church (knock). The church, which is 71 
 yds. long and 35V2 yds. wide, was skilfully restored in 1852-56, and is 
 embellished with good modern stained glass. The beautiful rood-loft of 1381 
 serves to support the large new organ. The pulpit dates from 1486. The aisles 
 and choir contain old monuments and tombstones built into the walls. In the 
 N. aisle is a Gothic sacerdotal chair of the 14th cent. ; we also observe a 
 curious relief of the Uth cent, (martyrdom of St. Vincent). The font is of 
 1465 ; on the pillar opposite is the tombstone of the learned Erasmus of 
 Rotterdam (d. 1536), with a long Latin inscription. In the retro-choir are 
 monuments of the Empress Anna (d. 1281), consort of Rudolph of Hapsburg 
 and mother of Albert I. , and of her youngest son Charles. The crypt 
 is now occupied by the stoves used in heating the church. — In 1431 
 the great Council began to sit in the Munster. It consisted of upwards of 
 500 clergymen, including many great dignitaries, whose ostensible task 
 was a 'reformation of the Church in head and members''; but after having 
 disputed for years without any result, and having been excommunicated 
 by Pope Eugene IV., it was at last dissolved in 1448. 
 
 The ^Mediaeval Collection, which occupies the three floors of the building 
 adjoining the church, is very interesting (open to the public on Sun., 10.30 
 to 12.30; at other times adm. 1/2 fr., on application at Miinster-Platz 13; 
 illustrated catalogue in French and German, 1/2 fr., recommended to 
 other than hasty visitors, as the attendants cannot give full information). 
 
 Geodnd Floor. Chapel of St. Nicholas : antiquities of the flint period ; 
 architectural fragments chiefly from churches of Bale; and the '■Lallen- 
 konig\ a curious piece of mechanism not older than the end of the ITth 
 cent., formerly on the exterior of the tower (removed in 1839) of the 
 Rhine bridge. The later story that this head was erected in derision of
 
 Museum. BALE. /. Route 1. 5 
 
 the Austi'ians to whom Klein-Baael was pledged in 1375-92 is a mere 
 myth. — The Waffenhalle , or armoury, contains the chief curiosities 
 of the arsenal of Bale ; in the middle are interesting cannon of the 
 .15th and 16th cent.; to the right, by the window, a suit of armour 
 supposed to have belonged to Charles the Bold. — A winding staircase 
 ascends to the rooms of the First Flooe. In the Conciliunu - Saal , or 
 council-hall, the Council of Bale held their sittings in 1431-48. Along the 
 walls are arranged numerous casts of mouldings from churches of Bale ; 
 also eighteen fragments of the famous "Death Dance of Bale, a fresco 
 which once adorned the wall of the Dominican burial-ground (taken down 
 in 1805), painted early in the 15th century. On a long table in the centre 
 are models of buildings in Bale and of castles in the environs; large winged 
 *Altar by B. Strigel of Memmingen (1512). — "We next enter the Saal fur 
 Profanarchitectur^ which contains panels, tiles, stone slabs, and other 
 fragments from houses in Bale and other parts of Switzerland. — In the 
 following room, the Saal fiiv Ilausalterthiimer, is a collection of mediaeval 
 furniture, tapestry, porcelain, glass, jewel- caskets , and other articles 
 for domestic use. Beyond these is the "Dining - room of the Counsellor 
 Lucas Iselin, of Bale, with rich panelling in the choicest woods, 
 dating from 1607. The adjoining Gothic Room of 1460 contains a large 
 bedstead of 1510 and other Gothic furniture. *Figures of Adam and Eve, 
 carved in box-wood (about 1500). — Two vaulted rooms on this floor 
 are devoted to the illustration of the history of Handicrafts : in the first 
 are fine specimens of *Iron work, bindings of books, *Goldsmiths'' models, 
 etc. ; in the second, the ecclesiastical treasures remaining after the division 
 of the canton in 1833, large guild-vessels, gold ornaments from churches 
 of Bale, fragments of stoves, and a collection of tiles. — Halfway up 
 to the next floor is a kind of gallery containing a collection of Domestic and 
 Kitchen Utensils^ chiefly from mediaeval Bale. 
 
 Second Floor. The Saalfiir Musikalische AlterihUmer contains interest- 
 ing specimens of old musical instruments, showing in particular the deve- 
 lopment of the piano and wooden wind-instruments. — In the Saal fiir 
 kirchliche AlterthUmer are altars, carved wood, bronzes, and an enamelled 
 bronze ' Votive Tablet presented by Duchess Isabella of Burgundy in 1433. — 
 The Saal fiir Costilme is chiefly devoted to Bale costumes of the 17th and 
 18th centuries. — Lastly, the Saal fiir Rechts- und Staatsalterthiimer con- 
 tains the weights and measures of Bale of the 14-18th centuries. 
 
 On tlie S. side of the choir are extensive *Cloisters, constructed 
 in the loth cent., restored in 1869-73, and used until recently as 
 family burial-places. They extend to the Pfah, a terrace behind the 
 Miinster, 65 ft. above the Rhine , planted with chestnuts, and 
 affording a pleasing survey of the green river and the distant hills 
 of the Black Forest, the outliers of the Jura, and (in clear weather") 
 of the Vosges. Behind the Miinster, on the W. side of the cloisters, 
 is a statue oi (Ecolampadius ; and in the neighbourhood (Baumlein- 
 gasse 18) is the house of Froben and Erasmus. 
 
 In the Augustinergasse, which descends from the Miinsterplatz 
 towards the N.W. to the bridge, is the *MTisetim (PI. E, 3; open 
 on Sun., 10.15-12.30, and in summer on Wed., 2-4 o'clock; engrav- 
 ings, Thurs. and Sat., 2-5: at other times fee 50 c. for 1 or 2 
 persons, 25 c. for each additional pers.), containing a natural history 
 collection, a picture-gallery and a collection of antiquities. 
 
 The Picture Gallery (on the upper floor) is chiefly interesting on account 
 of its collection of paintings and drawings by the younger Holbein (b. at 
 Augsburg 1497, d. in London 1543), who lived "at Bale" in 1515-26 and 1528-32. 
 The Staircase is adorned with frescoes of Gsea, Flora, and Apollo by BOcklin, 
 cartoons by Cornelius, Schnorr. and Steinle, stained glass, and a statue of
 
 6 /. Route 1. BALE. Museum. 
 
 Jason with the golden fleece, in marble, by Schlot/i. *17S. Benner^ Street 
 in Capri. — Ante-Room. Seven fragments of Holbein''s obliterated frescoes 
 in the Council Chamber and (ild and modern copies from them ; painted 
 orL'an-shutters from the Mlinster, by Holbein. — Room to thk left. 
 MoDEKS Swiss I^Iasters. To the left: Bocklin, 10. Lady with a green veil, 
 15. Life a dream, *il. Pieta. '14. :t>aiads, H'2. Battle of Centaurs; 27. Ed. 
 Girardet, Fortune-teller; *2l. Ziind. Forest landscape with the Prodigal 
 Son; *43. Steffan, Forest landscape; Bocklin, *43. Sacred grove, *9. Diana 
 hunting; 20. Ziind, Harvest; 37. Barzaghi-Catianeo. Tasso and Leonora; 
 Diethelm Meyer. 44. Girl of the Haslithal, 45. Girl of the Valais; 59. Cori-odi, 
 Gondola party; 26. L'd. Girardet, Wounded Turcos; 49. Slaehli, River scene; 
 
 54. Buedisiihli, Marshy ground; 46. Toiler. The happy mother; 79. Burnaf^ 
 Sheep; 75. E. de Pury, Among the Lagoons; Van iJuyden. 29. Italian street 
 scene, 30. Italian woman with child; 35. Glevre, Penthens pursued by the 
 Slanads; *1. A. Calame, Evening landscape; Keller, 32, 33. Cows at water, 
 31. Horses on a road through a dale; 25. E. Girardet, Barber's shop ; 74. 
 Arthiiv Calame, Landscape by moonshine; 57. Castan, Harvest; "^1%. Anker, 
 Children's breakfast; Vautier, *16. Rustic debtor compelled by a rich 
 neighbour and his agent to sell his property, *17. The involuntary con- 
 fession; 8. Stuckelberg, Earthquake at Bale; *23. Zilnd, Xoon; 24. Ed. Gi- 
 rardet, Snow-balling; Stiickelberg. *7. The painter's children, '-B. Marionettes, 
 -5. Festival of St. Mary in the Sabine Mts. ; *2, 3. Calame, Forest landscapes ; 
 78. Monteverde, Vine -wreath; 38. Barzaghi-Catianeo, Lady performing 
 music; ;9. Anker, Quack; 36. Gleyre, yymph; 50. S. Ditratid., Wandering 
 musicians; -oi. Bachmann, Christmas singers in the Canton of Lucerne; 
 
 55. Ruedisiihli, Rocky scenery. — =^Drawixgs. The cabinets contain 
 a rich collection. On the walls: 5-13. Schongauer; 15-27 a. II. Holbein 
 the Elder; *30-32. A. Diirer; 33. H. Schaufelein; 34. H. Sebald Beharn; *37- 
 41. H. Baldung Grien; *44-53 and 58. JVich. Manuel Deutsch; 54-57. Urs 
 Graf; **61-138 and 142. H. Holbein the Younger. Among the last should 
 particularly be observed: 111. Family of Sir Thomas More (presented to 
 Erasmus), 113. Combat of foot-soldiers, 114. Samuel and Saul, 123-128. 
 Feminine costumes of Bale, 91-100. The Passion. Then: 139-141. Ambrose 
 Holbein; *152. Nich. Glockendon; 158. Rembrandt; 160. Raphael. In a glass- 
 case the original of Holbein's Praise of Folly. — Laege Saloon, N. end 
 (view towards the Blauen in fine weather). Continuation of Modern 
 Swiss Masters, (left) *80. 6^05, Storm in the Sefinen Valley; 64. Veillon, 
 Lagoons of Venice; 76. FroUcher, Spring landscape; 48. Grob, Pestalozzi; 
 52. Preiswerk. Landscape with Satyrs ; 63. Bosshardt. Hans von Hallwyl at 
 the battle of Morat; *39. Barzaghi-Cattaneo. Fiesco ; 62. Buchser, Capu- 
 chins and worldlings; 67. JYiederhdusern, Pond near Grenoble; 297. Frei, 
 Forest landscape in the R,oman mountains; 61. Buchser, Rapids of Sault 
 Ste. Marie, Canada ; 68. David, Capri ; 299. Hauser, Fr. Overbeck; 42. Stefan, 
 Mountain landscape; 28. Ed. Girardet , Arab drinking coffee; *69. Bocion, 
 The harbour of Ouchy ; =^65. Humbert, Cattle watering; *40. Zwengauer, 
 Sunset ; 41. Stefan, Mountain landscape. — Large Saloon, 1st section. 
 H. Holbein the Younger, 6a. and 6b. Schoolmaster's signboard of 1516; *7. 
 Erasmus: 10. The burgomaster Jacob Meyer and his wife; *11. Last 
 Supper; 12. Adam and Eve; 13. Ecce Homo; *'i4. The Passion in eight 
 separate scenes, formerly in the Rathhaus; *15. The dead body of Christ, 
 of startling realism ; **16. Portrait of Boniface Amerbach : 17. Erasmus ; 
 ''18. Lais Corinthiaca, the portrait of a lady of the noble family of 
 Offenburg; 19. The same lady with Cupid; *20. Wife and children of 
 the painter; 21. A London merchant. 23, 24. Ambvoi^e Holbein, Portraits 
 of boys; M. Griinewald , 32. Crucifixion, 33. Resurrection; Hans Baldung 
 Grien, 34. Crucifixion, 35. yativity, '36, *37. Pictures with figures of 
 Death; 41-43. N. Manuel Deuisch; 53, 59. Tob. Slimmer, Full-length por- 
 traits of Jac. Schwjtzer and his wife (1564). -- 2nd Section. 65-72. School 
 of Gerrit van St. Jans; Dutch Masters of the 15th cent., 73. Pius Joachim. 
 74. Coronation of the Virgin; 89. Strigel, St. Anna; 101-3. Lucas Cranach 
 the Elder; 109. H. met de Bles{'>), Adoration of the Magi. Fine old inlaid 
 council table. — 3rd Section. *118. Rubens. Christ bearing the cross (a 
 sketch); -'124. Peter Tl<ys, Pieta; 125. Dirk van Sandvoort, Woman singing
 
 Bathhaus. BALE. /. Route 1 . 7 
 
 and flute player; 126. /. B. Weenix, Italian landscape; 131, Tenievs the 
 younger^ Dutch peasant's runm ; 136. WonveTinan^ Horses and ass; 137. 
 Karel du Jardin^ Trumpeter on horseback; 138. Berghem. Cattle crossing 
 a ford; 139. C. Dusart, Rustic scene; 140. Fr. Mieris, Fishmonger; 144. 
 Roriibouis^FoTeat scene; 145. Decker, Landscape; 146. S. Ruysdael. Landscape; 
 *156. Dutch Master, Forest scene; 165. Old copy of Raphael's Joanna of 
 Aragon. —5th Sectiox. 265. Jos. Koch. Macbeth and the witches; Leopold 
 Robert, 288. Bandits' wives in flight, 289. Wounded bandit and his wife; 
 290. Aur. Robert, Interior of St. Mark's at Venice; 292-296. J. Frey, South- 
 ern landscapes; *300. Diday, Scene on the Lake of Bricnz; 35. Landerer, 
 Federal representatives entering Bale in 1501 to administer the federal 
 oath to the town; 306. Lessing, Forest landscape; 307. Feuerbach, Idyl. — 
 ScuLPTLKES in the picture-gallery : Antique heads of Apollo and Hercules; 
 Jmhof, Rebecca; Kissling, Runner; Schloeth, Psyche (marble statues). — 
 Modern' Drawings. 2-23. Hfss, Schraudolph, andV. C. Koch, Cartoons for 
 the frescoes in St. Boniface at Munich ; cartoons bv Overbeck C26-35), Schwind 
 (36-40), Genelli (41, 43), J. C. Koch (59, 50), Cornelius (51, 52; drawings for 
 the Last Judgment), etc. In the centre a 'Relief of the Jungfrau in the 
 scale of 1 : 10,000, by ,S'. Simon. 
 
 Collection of Antiquities. In the first room are casts, coins and 
 medals, and a handsome antique cabinet. In the next room are vases, 
 mosaics, and other antiquities, chiefly found near Augst (p. 3). On the 
 ground-floor a room containing Mexican, Chinese, and Japanese antiqui 
 ties; in the following room are various objects from lake-dwellings. 
 
 The University Library in the same building (open 10-12 and 2-4) 
 contains about 200,000 vols, and 5000 MSS. ; among the latter are 
 the transactions of the Council, writings of Luther, Melanchthon, etc. 
 The University (350 students), founded in 1459 by Pius II., was 
 once famous for its mathematicians Bernoulli, Merian, and Euler. 
 The hall contains upwards of 100 portraits of scholars of Bale, 
 including the cosmographer Sebastian Milnster (d. 1552), the re- 
 formers CEcolampadius and Grynaeus, and the theologians Z)e Wette 
 (d. 1849) and Alex. Vintt (d. 1847). In front of the aula are ten mar- 
 ble busts, by Schloth, of professors of Bale of the present century. 
 
 The Rathhaus (PI. D, 3), or Town Hall, in the Markt-Platz 
 (No.l3), was erected in 1504, and restored in 1824-28. The hand- 
 some ^Council Hall in the interior is adorned witli carvings and 
 stained glass. The court contains a Statue of Munatius Plancus 
 (p. 3), erected here in 1580. 
 
 The old fortilications have been almost entirely removed , and 
 their site converted into promenades ; but the handsome Spalen- 
 Thor (Pi. C, 3), on the W. side of the town, erected about the 
 year 1400, the St. Albaiisthor (PI. G, 5) on the S. , and the St. 
 Johannthor (PI. C, 1) on the N., have been restored. Near the first 
 of these, to the right, is the Vesalianum (PI. C, 3), the new Uni- 
 versity institute for anatomy and physiology; and to the N.W. is 
 the Bernoullianum (PI. C, 2, 3 ), also belonging to the University, 
 an edifice for the study of physics, chemistry, and astronomy. In 
 the Hebel-Str., near the latter, is the house where the poet Rebel 
 (1760-1826) was born, with a tablet. 
 
 Other Medieval Structures deserving mention are the late-Go- 
 thic Fishmarket Fountain (PL D, 3), of the 15th cent., restored in 
 1851 ; the Spale?i Fountain, with a bagpiper supposed to have been
 
 8 /. Route 1. BALE. 
 
 designed by Holbein ; the Rebhaus Fountain, in the Eielientlior- 
 Strasse (PL F, 3); and the Roman archway in the old St. Alban's 
 Monastery (PI. F, 4). — The Barfusser-Kirche (PI. D, E, 4), dating 
 from the beginning of the 14th cent., with its very lofty choir, is 
 now used as a storehouse. — The Church of St. Martin (PI. D, 3), 
 was restored in 1851, when the choir was skilfully adapted as a 
 Protestant place of worship — The large Gothic (Rom. Cath.) Church 
 of St. Clara (PI. E, 2) at Klein-Basel has been recently restored. 
 
 Foremost among the Modern Buildings of Bale is the Gothic 
 *St. Elisabethenkirche (PL E, 5), erected by Hr. Merian-Burck- 
 hardt (d. 1858). The interior is worth seeing, especially the fine 
 stained glass from Munich. — Near it, on the Steinenberg, is the 
 Kunsthalle (PI. E, 5; built by Stehlin; adm. 50 c), containing a 
 collection of modern pictures and sculptures. Connected with it are 
 a large garden and a restaurant, the latter adorned with good mural 
 paintings by Briinner. On the staircase are frescoes by Stiickelberg. 
 Between the St. Elisabethenkirche and the Kunsthalle is the new 
 Sculpturlialle, containing plaster-casts. Next the Kunsthalle is the 
 Theatre, opposite which is the Musiksaal, both designed by Stehlin. 
 
 The Zoological Garden (PI. B, C, 6), adjoining the 'Nachti- 
 gallenwaldchen', outside the site of the Steinenthor, and about 2/4 M. 
 from the Central Station (adm. V2-I f^.), contains admirable 
 examples of Swiss (mountain goats) and other animals. Concerts 
 are frequently given on Sun. afternoons. 
 
 The Monument of St. Jacob (PI. F, 6), near the Sommer- Casino 
 (p. 3), hy F. Sc/iloth, completed in 1872, commemorates the heroism and 
 death of 1300 Confederates who opposed the Armagnac invaders under 
 the Dauphin (afterwards Louis XI.) in 1444. Above is Helvetia in armour, 
 with a wreath •, on the pedestal are four falling warriors in marble. In- 
 scription : 'Our souls to God, our bodies to the enemy !\ 
 
 The Missionary Institutions of Bale are deservedly in high repute. 
 The Mission House (PI. B, 3) educates missfonaries for the promulgation 
 of Christianity. It contains an interesting ethnographical collection from 
 the E. Indies and W. Africa, and two large models of the Temple area 
 and Great Mosque at Jerusalem. — In the neighbourhood are several 
 charitable institutions: the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Riehen, 3 M. to 
 the N.E., the missionary institution on the Chrischona (1722'), 4 M. to the E., 
 with splendid view, and the Reformatory at Betiggen , 12 M. to the E. 
 (p. 23). — An excellent Society for the Promotion of the Public Welfare, 
 which has existed at Bale for more than a century, has a very extensive 
 sphere of operation. 
 
 Fkosi Bale to Fluhen, 8 M., steam-tramway in 50 min. (fares 1 fr. 30, 
 95c.). The train, starting from the Steinenthor-Str. (PL D, 5), passes the 
 Zoological Garden (see above), and traverses the fertile valley of the Birsig. 
 Stations: 1^/4 M. Binningen (*Hirsch; *Bar), a large village with 4700 inhab. 
 and the church of St. Margaret, commanding a good view; 1^/4 M. Botl- 
 minger-Mdhle; 2V2 M. Bottiningen, with the Bottminger Schlosschen (Inn and 
 pretty park); 3 M. Olerwyl (*Krone), with an extensive parquetry-factory; 
 41/4 M. Therwil (Rossli), a substantial village in the Leimenthal. The line 
 now bends to the S. to (5V2 M.) Etting en {'Qa.6hvi\xs) , with a chalybeate 
 spring, and thence skirts the hills to the right via Wittersicyl and Bdttwyl 
 to (8 M.) FliLhen (1250' ; Inn and Baths), a small village with a chalybeate 
 spring, prettily situated in a defile at the foot of the Blauen. Interesting 
 excursion hence via Tannuald to the (IV2 M.) well-preserved ruin of *Lands-
 
 MUNSTERTHAL. /. Route 2. 9 
 
 kron (1890 ft.), the ttiwer of which commaads a wide view (key at the 
 last house in Tannwald). — A road leads to the S. from Fliihen to (I'/s M.) 
 Mariastein (1685' ; Kreuz; Post), formerly a Benedictine abbey, with a fre- 
 quentedpilgrimaj^e-church, picturesquely situated on a steep crag. A spacious 
 rock cavern beneath the church contains the chapel of M"ria im Stein. From 
 Mariastcin the Landskron may be reached via Tannwald in 25 minutes. — 
 The road goes on beyond Mariostein to Meizerlen and (2V4 M.) Burg (1735'; 
 *Inn), a charmingly-situated village with a mineral spring and a chateau 
 commanding fine views. — The Blauen (2690'), which may be ascended 
 from Etlingen (p. 8) or Mariastein in I1/2 hr., commands a wide prospect, 
 extending on the S.E. to the Bernese Alps. 
 
 2. From Bale to Bienne and Bern through the 
 Miinsterthal. 
 
 77 M. Railway (Jura-Simplon Line) to Bienne (56 M.) in 3-4 hrs. (fares 
 9fr. 30, 6fr.65, 4fr. 75 c.); from Bienne to Bern (21 M.) in I-IV4 hr. (fares 
 3 fr. 55, 2 fr. 50, 1 fr. 80 c). [Railway from Bienne to Neuchatel (20 31.) in 
 3/4- 11/4 hr.; to Geneva (102 M.) in 51/4 -7Vi hrs.; from Bale to Geneva, 
 express in 73/4 hrs. Through-carriages to Geneva and St. Maurice.] 
 
 The Miinsterthal, watered by the JJtrs, is the grandest and most in- 
 teresting valley in the Jura range. It consists of a succession of defiles 
 and narrow gorges, with pine-clad banks, while the broader basins are en- 
 livened with meadows, villages, mills, and factories. This valley, which 
 belongs to the ancient bishopric of Bale, afforded the Romans a route 
 between Aventicum (Avenches, see p. 207), the most important town of Hel- 
 vetia, and Augusta Rauracorum (Augst, see p. 3), one of their advanced 
 posts on the Rhine. 
 
 Bale (870'), see p. 2. Leaving the Central Station, the train 
 soon diverges from the Central Line (p. 12) to the right, passes the 
 cemetery on the right, and near (3 M.) Monchenstein crosses the 
 Birs. On the hills to the left are several ruined castles. — 5 M. 
 Dornach-Arlesheim (Munzinger's Restaurant). On a wooded hill, 
 11/2 M. to the E., near Arlesheim (1130 ft.; Lowe; Ochs), rises 
 Schloss Birseck, once a chateau of the bishops of Bale, with a pleasant 
 park, interesting grottoes, and a hermitage. (Apply to the gardener 
 at the foot of the hill.) 
 
 The train follows the right bank of the Birs. On the left is the 
 village of Dornach, with its picturesque ruined castle. 7 M. Aesch 
 (Ochs), a village on the left bank. The valley contracts. The train 
 passes through a tunnel under the modernised chateau of Angen- 
 stein, and enters the canton of Bern. On a hill to the right is the 
 picturesque ruin of Pfeffingen (1850'). On the right, near (O'/i M.) 
 Grellingen (*Bar), are several factories. The train passes through a 
 deep cutting and crosses the Birs twice; the valley then expands. 
 Schloss Zwinyen^ on the right, was the seat of the episcopal governors 
 of the district, down to the first French revolution. 
 
 141/2 M. Laufen(1155'; Hot, Jura; Sonne) lies at the confluence 
 of the Liitzel and Birs. The train traverses a narrow, wooded valley. 
 Beyond (16 M.) Bdrschwyl it passes through two tunnels and 
 crosses the Birs twice. 187-2 M. Liesberg. At (2'2'/2 ^^) Saugern, 
 Fr. SoyJiieres (Hotel de la Gare) the language changes from German 
 to French. On the right is the ruined castle of that name. At the
 
 10 I. Route 2. MUNSTER. From Bale 
 
 rocky egress of the valley, before its expansion into a broad plain, 
 lies Bellerive, on the left, now a factory. On a hill to the right is the 
 ruin of Vorbury. 
 
 241/2 M. Delemont, Ger. Delsberg (1430'; *Faucon; Lion d'Or ; 
 Hotel de la Qare^ at the station; Rail. Restaurant') is an old town 
 (3B38 inhab.) on the Some, with a chateau of the former Bishops 
 of Bale. 
 
 From Delemont to Poeeentrut, 18 M., railway in ^i-V/t hr. (fares 
 3 fr. 65, 2 fr. 15, 1 fr. 50 c). The line traverses the grassy valley of the 
 Some. Stations Courtetelle ., Courfaivre^ Bassecouvt, and (712^-) Glovelier. 
 We next cross the large viaduct of Combe-Mavan^ and beyond a tunnel, 
 3200 yds. in length, and two others, reach (11 M.) Ste. Ursanne (*Deux 
 Clefs; Boeuf), a picturesque old town in the romantic valley of the Douhs 
 (p. 198), with a ruined chateau on a lofty rock. Another "tunnel pierces 
 the Mont Terrible. Stat. Courge7iay. Then (18 M.) Porrentruy, Ger. Prun- 
 trut (1455'; -Ours; '^Cheval Blanc), a considerable old toAvn (6509 inhab.) 
 with a chateau, once the residence of the Bishops of Bale. At E4clere, 7 M. 
 to the W. of Porrentruy, near the French frontier, a large stalactite grotto 
 has recently been discovered and made accessible. — The line leads hence 
 to Delle^ the French frontier-station, Belfort., and Paris (express from Bale 
 to Paris in 9 hrs. 22 min.). 
 
 The line traverses the valley towards the S.E. , and beyond 
 (26 Y2 M.) Courrendlin, Ger. Rennendorf (Cerf), enters the *Mun- 
 sterthal, Fr. Val Moutier, a wild, romantic ravine of the Birs, flanked 
 with huge limestone rocks. The line is carried through these ' Gorges 
 de Moutier by means of a series of tunnels, galleries, and viaducts. 
 (A walk from Courrendlin to Miinster is recommended.) Above 
 (28Y2 M.) Choindez, and opposite the Glass Works of Roche, which 
 lie on the right bank of the stream, we traverse a tunnel, 100 yds. 
 in length, and reach (291/2 M.) Roche (1650'; *Cheval Blanc, 
 moderate). The train threads five short tunnels in rapid succession, 
 crosses the Birs by a lofty bridge, and then, at the mouth of the 
 defile, the Rausbach. 
 
 32 M. Miinster, Fr. Moutier (1730' ; ^ Hotel de la Gare, moderate) 
 The thriving village (1750'; '''Cerf; Couronne; Cheval, well spoken 
 of), with 2346 inhab. and a new Protestant church, is prettily sit- 
 uated in a green dale, on the left bank of the Birs. 
 
 Ascent of the Weissekstein from Munstee (31/2 hrs.; comp. p. 15). 
 About 10 min. to the X.E. of Miinster, or 6 min. from the station, at the 
 Bestaurant Sperisen (good beer), a road (diligence to St. Joseph daily in 
 1 hr.) ascends to the right to (2 M.) Granfelden (Fr. Grandval, 2010') and 
 (3/4 31.) Crimine (2065'; Croix). It next ascends the gorge of the Eaus to 
 (2 M.) St. Joseph am Gdnsbrunnen (Inn), at the X. base of the Weissen- 
 stein , the Kurhaus on which (p. 15) may easily be reached hence by the 
 road in 13/4-2 hrs. The footpath to the left is shorter (IV2 hr.). (Carriage 
 from Miinster to the Weissenstein 25 fr., there and back 30 fr. ; from Gans- 
 brunnen 15 fr.) 
 
 The line traverses another wild and very picturesque gorge, 
 the Roches de Court , high above the Birs , and beyond a long 
 tunnel reaches (351/2 M.) Court (2200'; Ours; Couronne). 
 
 From Court, or better from Bevilard (see below), a steep path crosses 
 the Montoz (4370') to (3 hrs.) Beuchenette (p. 11; guide advisable). View 
 similar to that from the Weissenstein.
 
 to Jkrn. BIENNE. /. Route 2. 1 J 
 
 We traverse pleasant grassy dales , pass Sorviller^ Malieray- 
 Bevilard, and. Reconvilier, and reach — 
 
 421/2 M. Tavannes, Ger. Dachsfelden (2500'; Hotel de la Gave 
 poor ; Restaur, and R, at the Brasserie\ a large village at the source 
 of the Birs (branch-line in 35 min. to Tramelan). The train as- 
 cends slightly, and passes by means of a tunnel (1500 yds. J under 
 the Pierre Pertuis, a natural opening in the rock through which the 
 high-road passes. It then descends the slope to the right, describes 
 a sharp curve between Sombeval and Corgimont^ and crosses the <Susc, 
 or Scldiss. 
 
 47 M. Sonceboz (2150'; Couronne; Cerf^ well spoken of), the 
 junction for La Chaux-de-Fonds (see p. 198). 
 
 The train again crosses the Suze, and passes through a tunnel un- 
 der the S.W. spur of the Montoz(jp. 10). Thestreamis crossed several 
 times in its beautiful wooded valley. 50^/2 M- La Heutte; 53 M. 
 Reuchenette (1940'; Inn, excellent trout). The line now suddenly 
 turns towards the S., and enters the narrow passage which the Suze 
 has forced through the last heights of the Jura range. Four tunnels 
 between this point and Bienne. On the right beyond the first tunnel 
 is a fall of the Suze, and on the hill is the ruined chateau of Rond- 
 chdtel. Two more tunnels. Pleasant view of the green valley of 
 Orvin (Ger. Ilfingen) to the right. Beyond another long tunnel the 
 train crosses the deep and wild ravine of the Suze {Tauhenloch^ see 
 below), by a lofty bridge, and quits the ravine. "We now obtain a 
 striking view of the rich plains of Bienne, with the whole of the 
 Alpine chain from the mountains of Unterwalden to Mont Blanc in 
 the distance. We then descend vine-clad slopes to — 
 
 56 M. Bienne, Ger. Biel (1445'; *Couronne, R. from 2, D. 3, S. 
 21/2 fr. ; ^-^ Hotel de Bienne^ near the station, R., L., & A. 3V2-'^^, 2j ^' 
 li/2fr. ; '^Hot. Suisse, R. 21/2, B. 1 fr. ; Croix; Hot. de la Gare, near 
 the station, well spoken of; *Rail. Restaurant'), an ancient and 
 thriving town (18,000 inhab.). The Museum Schwab, founded by 
 Col. Schwab and pre sented by him to the town, is an interesting 
 collection of antiquities from the lake-villages, Celtic and Roman 
 weapons, implements, coins, etc. (open on Sun. and Thurs., 2-4; 
 at other times on application). The beautiful avenues enclosing 
 the town stretch to the N. end of the Lake of Bienne, as far as 
 (1 M.) Nidau , with its old chateau and sea-baths, near the efflux 
 of the Zihl or Thiele (p. 194). 
 
 Tramway from the station into the town, to Nidau. and to the N. to 
 (20min.) Bozingen, Fr. Boujean (Hir-ch; Ros-^li). An attractive walk leads 
 hence through the picturesque *Taubenlochschlucht, watered by the copi- 
 ous Schiiss, to the O/2 hr.) hamlet of Fried listcart, Fr. Fvinvillier (RLStanr. 
 des Gorges and Restaur, do la Truite, good trout), and thence past the 
 ruin oi Eoiidchdtel to (3/4 hr.) the station of Reuchenette (see ahove). 
 
 A WiRE-RovE Railway (station 10 min. to the N.W. of the railway 
 station at Bienne. where an omnibus is waiting) ascends in 15 min. (1 fr., 
 rotarn I'/'j fr.) to the Kurhaus of 'Macolin, Ger. Magglingen ('.2900'; II., L., 
 & A. 4, D. 4, pens. 8-11 fr.), splendidly situated on the slopes of the Jura.
 
 12 /. Route 3. LIESTAL. From Bale 
 
 11/4 hr. above Bienne, and noted for its fine air. Large wooded grounds, 
 and fine view of the Alps from the Sentis to Mont Blanc. English Church 
 Service in summer. 
 
 A very pleasant round of 3 hrs. is as follows : by wire-rope railway 
 to Macolin, thence via the (25min.) prettily situated \illdi,ge of Leubring en, 
 Fr. Evilard (*Kurhaus ; Drei Tannen, well spoken of), through mairnificent 
 pine-woods, or via Orvin (p. 11) to Frinvillier and by the Tavhenloch- 
 schlucht to Bozingen (tramway to Bienne). — The ascent of the Chasseral 
 (5280') takes about 4 hrs. from Macolin. From the hotel a good path crosses 
 the hill to the S.W. to Lamboing, Diesse. and Ifods, at the N.E. foot of the 
 mountain, whence a steep and stony ascent leads to the top (descent to 
 St. Imier, s«e p. 198). — From Macolin to Twannberg (p. 194) , a pleasant 
 walk of IV2 hr. 
 
 From Bienne to Solem'e, see p. 16; to Neuchdtel and Geneva^ see R. 58. 
 
 The Eail'WAy from Bienne to Bern crosses the Zihl near 
 (58V2M.) Briigg, and the Aare "before (61 M.) Busswyl. 
 
 63 M. Lyss (Hirsch ; Rail. Restaurant) is the junction of the lines 
 to Payerne on the S. (p. 208) and to Soleure on the N. (p. 16 ). — 641/2 M. 
 Suberg ; 68 M. Schiipfen; 71 M. Munche?i-Buchs€e {^Rot. Kaech; 
 Krone ; Bar). On the right, the Bernese Alps from the Jungfrau to 
 the Balmhorn become visible , but soon disappear. — 73 M. Zolli- 
 kofen, a station on the Central Line (Bale-Herzogenbuchsee-Bern). 
 Thence to (77 M.) Bern, see p. 17. 
 
 3. From Bale to Bienne via Olten and Soleure. 
 
 63 M. Railway in 3-4 hrs. (fares 10 fr. 65, 7 fr. 45, 5 fr. 35 c). 
 
 Bale, see p. 2. The train crosses the Birs. 3 M. Muttenz. 5 M. 
 Pratteln, the junction for Zurich (p. 18). On the Rhine, 11/2 M. to 
 the N.W. (branch-railway in 10 min.) are the well-equipped salt- 
 baths of Sehweizerhalle. 
 
 The line leaves the valley of the Rhine , enters the Jura Mts. 
 and follows the left bank of the Ergolz. Near (71/2 M.) Nieder- 
 Schonthal, on a hill to the right, lies Frenfcendor/" (1120'; Wilder 
 Mann ; Lowe), a pretty summer-resort. A good carriage-road leads 
 from Nieder-Schbnthal to (2V4 M.) Bad Schauenburg (see below). 
 
 9 M. Liestal (1033'; 4927 inh.; *Falke, with salt-baths and 
 garden, pens, from 4fr.; Schliissel; Engel ; Sonne), prettily situated 
 on the Ergolz, is the seat of government of the half-canton of Basel- 
 Land or Bale-Campagne. In the town-hall is a collection of coins 
 and the cup of Charles the Bold, found in his tent after the battle 
 of Nancy (1477). 
 
 Bienenberg {Ktirhaus, with salt-baths), IV2M. to the If.W. of Liestal, 
 is a pleasant summer-resort, and about IV2 M. beyond it is Bad Schauen- 
 burg (159U'), below the ruin of the same name (1975'-, *View). Road to 
 Kieder-Schonthal, see above. 
 
 To Waldexbueg, 8V2 M., narrow-gauge railway in 1 hr., through the 
 pretty Frenkenthal. 2V2 M. Bad Bubendorf, with mineral and salt baths. 
 (The village with its ruined castle lies 1 M. to the right.) 4 M. Lampenberg ; 
 5V2 M. HoUtein, in a narrow part of the valley, with manufactories of 
 silk ribbon. Passing Niederdorf and Oberdorf, we reach (81,2 M.) Walden- 
 burg (1713'; Lowe; SchlilsseT), a little town with a ruined castle and a 
 pretty church. A good road leads hence (diligence 4 times daily in 50 min.)
 
 to Bienne. OLTEN. I. Route 3. 13 
 
 to (3 M.) Langenbruck (j'Kurhaus, with its de'pendance Ochsen, pens. 5V2- 
 8 fr. i Pens. Bider, etc.), situated on the pass of the Obere Hauenstein 
 (2355'), a quiet and pleasant hill sanatorium. — A high-road leads from 
 Langenbruck to the S.E. to Fridau and (5 M.) Egerkingen (p. 14); another 
 to the S.W. to Bolderbank, Balsthal, and through the Klus, a deiile for- 
 merly fortified, with the picturesque ruin of Falkenstein and the restored 
 chateau of Bechburg, to (IOV2 M.) Oensingen (p. 14). 
 
 11 M. Lausen. Near (13 M.) Sissach (1233' ; Lowe), a thriv- 
 ing village, we pass (r.) the small chateau and park of Ebenrain. 
 Fine view from the Sissacher Fluh (2400'), 1 hr. to the N. 
 
 Fkom Sissach over the Schafmatt to Aarau (131/2 M.). Branch-line 
 via Bocktcn in 15 min. to (2V2 ^^•) Gelterkinden (1370'; *Rossli), a manu- 
 facturing village ; thence road through a picturesque valley past the 
 Hanggiessen waterfall to (IV2 M.) Tecknau (1440'); (IV2 M.) Wenslingen 
 (I860') ; (IV2 M.) Oltingen (1940' ; Ochs), with a mineral spring. The path 
 ascending the (1/2 hr.) *Schafmatt (2515') diverges close to the 'Ochs\ and 
 is easily found, being provided with finger-posts. The summit commands 
 an extensive panorama of the Jura and the Alps, which we enjoy until we 
 reach a point overlooking the deep valley of Rohr. Turning to the left 
 here, we reach the upper part of a meadow, at the foot of which (V2 hr. 
 from the top) lies a chalet and whey-cure establishment. From this point 
 we enjoy a view of the environs of the Lake of Lucerne, the Rigi, Pi- 
 latus, etc., framed by the mountains between which we stand. From the 
 chalet to Aarau (p. 21) in IV4 hr., past the Laurenzenbad (p. 21), situated 
 in a side-valley to the left, and Erlisbach. 
 
 To the S. of Sissach lies (7 M.; diligence twice daily in IV4 hr. 
 via Zumgen^ Tenniken, and Dieglen) Eptingen or Ruch-Eptivgen (1873'; 
 Kurhaus, with saline and mineral baths; pens. 4-5 fr.), situated in a 
 narrow valley at the base of the Hauenstein (footpath to Ldufelfingen, see 
 below, Ihr. ; to Langenbruck^ see above, IV4 hr.). 
 
 The train quits the Ergolzthal, turns to the S. into the narrow 
 and picturesque Eomburger Thai ^ and beyond (16 M.) Som- 
 merau passes through two tunnels. 19^2 ^1' Ldufelfingen (2010'; 
 Sonne), at the foot of the Hauenstein. 
 
 On the summit of the Hauenstein, ascended in 3/^ hr. from stat. Laufel- 
 fingen via Reisen and Erlimoos (each of which has a Kurhaus), is situated 
 the *Frohburg (2770'; -Edtel d- Pension, R. 2V2, B. l'/4, pens. 6-7 fr.), 
 commanding a beautiful view of the Alps, from the Sentis to Mont Blanc; 
 in the foreground the Wartburg (see below) and the Wiggerthal with the 
 railway to Lucerne ; on the right rises Pilatus, on the left the Rigi. About 
 10 min. from the inn are some scanty ruins of a castle destroyed by au 
 earthquake. Descent by Trimbach in 1 hr. to Olien. 
 
 The train now enters the Hauenstein Tunnel, 2970 yds. long, 
 during the construction of which in 1857 sixty -three workmen 
 were buried by a fall of earth. Beyond it we observe on a hill to 
 the right the small chateau of Neu- Wartburg (p. 14), to the right 
 of which, farther on, the Bernese Alps gradually become visible 
 from the Wetterhorn to the Doldenhorn. The train descends by a 
 long curve to the Aarc, crosses it, and ascends on the right bank to — 
 
 241/2 M. Olten. — "-Hotel Suisse, at the station, R. 2, B. 1 fr. ; 
 Hotel Wiss, moderate; Halbmond. — ''Rail. Restaurant. 
 
 Carriages generally changed here. Detention of V-J-'/z ^^- -^^ "^^ leave 
 the waiting-rooms, the trains for Bale and Ziirich are to the left, those to 
 Lucerne and Bern to the right. Pocket-picking not uncommon here. 
 
 Olten (1295'; 4936 inhab.), the second town in the canton of 
 Soleure, prettily situated on the Aare, is the junction of the lines
 
 14 /. Route 3. SOLEURE. From Bale 
 
 to Aarau and Brugg (R. 7), to Aarburg and Lucerne (R. 6), to 
 Bern(R. 4), and to Soleure and Neuchatel (see below). The Parish 
 Church contains an Ascension by Disteli, and the Capuchin Church 
 a Madonna by Deschwanden. Extensive railway work-shops and 
 large shoe-manufactories. 
 
 To the S.E. of Olten, on an isolated hill on the right hank of the Aare, 
 rises the Neu-Wartburg or Sdlischloss (2235'; '-Restaurant), a small chateau 
 with a fine view of the Alps from the Sentis to the Jungfrau. Good 
 paths from Olten and from Aarburg to the top in 3/4 hr. 
 
 About 41/2 M. to the N.E. of Olten (diligence twice daily in summer 
 in IV4 hr.) are the piilpbur- baths of Lostorf CKurhaus, moderate, pens, 
 5 fr.), prettily situated at the foot of the Jura. On a cliflf above (Vi hr.) 
 rises the small chateau of Wartenfels (2060'), with a fine view. 
 
 Beyond Olten the train diverges to the right from the Bern and 
 Lucerne line (p. 17). crosses the Aare, and traverses the plain 
 watered by the Di'innern, at the base of the Jura. To the left the 
 view of the Alps from the Glarnisch to the Altels is gradually un- 
 folded. 26 M. Olten-Hammer ; 271/2 M. Wangen; 29 M. Hdgen- 
 dorf; 31 M. Egerkingen (Kreuz). 
 
 Diligence twice daily in 45 min. to Friedau (2300'; "Kwhaus, pens. 
 5V2-6 fr.), situated on the slope of the Jura, and well fitted up. Beautiful 
 view of the Alps from Sentis to Mont Blanc. Shady grounds and extensive 
 wood-walks. The road also leads to Langenbruck, 3 M. farther (see p. 13; 
 diligence in summer daily). 
 
 32 M. Oherhuchsiten ; 3G M. Oensingen (diligence twice daily 
 in 13/4 hr. to Langenbruck, p. 13); 37 M. Niederbipp (to the right 
 of which is Oberbipp , with a handsome modern chateau). At 
 (41 M.) Wangen the train crosses the Aare. Beyond Deitingen and 
 Luterbach we obtain a view of Soleure with the minster of St. Ours ; 
 to the right are the Rothi and the Kurhaus on the Weissenstein 
 (p. 15). The train crosses the Grosse Emme, not far from its con- 
 fluence with the Aare. — 47 M. Neu-Solothurn. 
 
 Soleure. — Soleure has two Railway Stations : Neu-Solothurn, on 
 the right bank of the Aare, for the lines to Olten, Herzogenbuchsee, 
 Burgdorf, Lysa, and Bienne, and Alt-Solothurn, on the left hank, to the 
 "W. of the town, for the line to Bienne. 
 
 Hotels. -Krone, R., L., & A. 3, B. IV4, D. 3 fr. ; *Stokch; Hirsch 5 
 TnuRM; ScHWAN, well spoken of. 
 
 Soleure, OT Solothurn (1425'; 8462 inhab.), on the Aare, a quiet 
 place, the capital of Canton Soleure, was incorporated with the 
 Confederation in 1481, and claims to be the oldest town on this side 
 of the Alps next to Treves. (^Jn Celtis nihil est Salodoro antiquius, 
 unis exceptis Treviris, quarum ego dicta soror\ is the inscription 
 on the clock-tower.) It was the Roman Salodurum, once a flourishing 
 settlement. The old ramparts have been almost entirely removed. 
 
 The Cathedral of St. Ours, a cathedral of the Bishopric of Bale 
 (p. 4), was built in 1762-73 on the site of an edifice of 1050, in the 
 form of a cross, surmounted with a dome and two half-domes. A 
 flight of 36 steps leads to the facade. One of the adjoining foun- 
 tains is adorned with a statue of Moses striking the rock, the other 
 with a figure of Gideon wringing the dew from the fleece. The ten
 
 to Bienne. . SOLEURE. 7. Route 3. 15 
 
 large altarpieces, dating from the latter half of the 18th cent., are 
 unimportant. The treasury, in the sacristy, contains some good 
 artistic work in metal and textile fabrics, chiefly of the 16-18th 
 centuries. 
 
 The *Aksbnal, not far from the cathedral, contains the arms 
 of the cantonal militia, and on the second floor a collection of an- 
 cient armour and weapons. Among the curiosities is a mitrailleuse 
 of the 15th century. A large plastic group close to the entrance 
 represents the reconciliation of the Confederates effected at the 
 Diet of Stans in 1481 by Nicholas von der Fliie (p. 123), from a 
 drawing by DisteLi. 
 
 The oldest building in Soleure is the Clock Towek, recently 
 restored, which is said to have been erected in the 4th century B.C., 
 but is really an early Burgundian building of the 5th or 6th cent. 
 A.D. The figures and mechanism of the clock are similar to those 
 at Bern (p. 136). 
 
 The Natural History Cabinet, in the suburb on the right bank of 
 the Aare, contains valuable collections of zoology and palaeontology. 
 In the Cantonal School are a number of Roman and Mediceval An- 
 tiquities and the Cantonal Library. The Town Library contains 
 about 40,000 vols, and 200 incunabula, besides coins and medals. 
 The Municipal Picture Gallery possesses a *Virgin and Child, with 
 SS. Ours and Martin of Tours, one of the chief works of Holbein 
 the Younger (1522), much restored. 
 
 The 'Wei s sen stein (4220'), 3 hours' walk or drive to the N. of So- 
 leure, is deservedly a very favourite point of view. It is reached either 
 by the carriage- road via Ldngendorf and Oherdorf (two -horse carr. in 
 21/2 hrs., up 20, down 10, there and hack 25 fr. and fee), or (preferable) 
 by the footpath (guide or porter 4-5 fr.) ascending the Verenathal. Taking 
 the latter, we pass the cathedral of St. Ours, and through the handsome 
 Bale gate, and then bear to the left towards the Villa Gartier with its 
 two towers, where we turn to the right. Farther on we enter the 
 avenue to the left, at the end of which we turn to the right towards the 
 church of St. Nicholas. Before reaching the church our route passes the 
 Restaurant Wengistein and turns to the left into the *St. Verenathal 
 (1 M. from Soleure) , a narrow, cool, and shady ra vine, 1/2 M. in length. 
 The path to the left, at the beginning of the gorge, leads to the Wengistein 
 (see below). At the other end of the valley are quarries of Portland lime- 
 stone, where interesting fossils are found. The blocks of granite on the 
 neighbouring slopes are believed by geologists to have been deposited by 
 ancient Alpine glaciers. This gorge is now converted into a promenade. 
 
 At the N. end of the ravine is the Hermitage of St. Verena. On 
 the right are the hermit's dwelling and a chapel ; on the left is a rock- 
 hewn chapel, reached by a broad flight of steps, and containing a repre- 
 sentation of the holy sepulchre with life-size figures. We may now ascend 
 by the chapel to the crosses, pass near the large quarries (where 'Gletscher- 
 schliffe', or rocks worn by the action of the glaciers were recently discov- 
 ered), and traverse the wood to the Wengistein, the view from which is 
 similar to that from the Weissenstein, though on a smaller scale. A huge 
 granite boulder here bears a Latin inscription recording two memorable 
 events in the history of Soleure. 
 
 From the restaurant beyond the hermitage we take to the right, in 
 the direction of the Weissenstein; at (10 min.) the village of Widlisbach 
 we turn to the left and cross the hill to (12 min.) the hamlet of Fallern 
 (1827'), at the foot of the Weissenstein. Above it we enter the wood to
 
 16 L Route 3. WEISSENSTEIN. 
 
 the left by a finger-post, ascend gradually, and then in steep zigzags to 
 the (40 min.) first bench, above which there are several others. The path 
 soon quits the wood and ascends an abrupt rocky gully, partly by means of 
 steps. Farther up . the ascent is through wood and more gradual. In 
 40 min. we regain the road (to the left) above the Nesselboden Alp ('3447'}, 
 and following it, reach in 40 min. more the *Kurhaus on the Vot'dere 
 Weissensteln (4220'; E., L., & A. 3-4, B. 11/4, B. 31,2, S.2V2, pension 8-10 fr.; 
 telephone to Soleure), a sanatorium surrounded by woods and pastures, and 
 much resorted to in summer (English Church" service). The footpath, 
 diverging to the right at the end of the wide curve, 8 min. from the ifessel- 
 boden Alp, and then ascending abruptly to the left at the post on the 
 top, is a short-cut. 
 
 The *ViEw is less picturesque, but more extensive than that from 
 the Eigi ; and no spot commands a better view of the whole Alpine 
 chain from the Tyrol to Mont Blanc. To the E. are distinguished the 
 Sentis, the Glarnisch, with the Eigi in the foreground, the Todi between 
 the Rigi and Pilatus, the lofty saddle of Titlis, and the Sustenhorn; 
 beyond Soleure are the Wetterhorn and Schreclchorn, the Finsteraarhorn, 
 Eiger, Monch, Jungf rau, Bliimlisalp, and Doldetihorn ; then the Balmhorn, 
 Altels, Wildstrubel, Wildhorn, Diablerets, and to the S. Mont Blanc. 
 To the S.W. glitter the lakes of Bienne, Morat, and !Neuchatel; the Aare 
 winds to the S. through the fertile plains, and the Grosse Emnie flows into 
 it at the foot of the mountain. 
 
 Pleasant walk to the W, through the wood to the (10 min.) Kanzeli (40930- 
 — The Kothi (4590'), V2 hr. to the E. of the hotel, commands an extensive 
 view to the N. and E. of the Black Forest and Vosges, which are hid- 
 den from the Weissenstein, and of the picturesque mountains and 
 valleys of the Jura. — Towards the W. the view is concealed by the 
 *Hasenmatt (4745'), 13/4 hr. from the hotel , whence an uninterrupted 
 panorama may be enjoyed. The path (white mark?) to it leads across the 
 pastures to tlie W. to (25 min.) the Bmtere Weissensfein (4027'; Inn). A 
 pleasanter route leads by the shady footpath, which enters the woods to the 
 right above the pastures, but which must be quitted as soon as it begins 
 to ascend more steeply. Shortly before reaching the Hintere "Weissenstein 
 we descend a little to the left and cross the ridge to (20 min.) the end 
 of the meadows ; then descend for 1 4 br. in the Kesselwald, and ascend across 
 pastures to (20 min.) the chalet of Althilsli (4375' •, simple Rfmts.), on the 
 saddle, with a good spring. An easy path leads hence to the summit in 
 20 min. (the path, diverging to the left. 10 min. before the chalet, is 
 shorter but steeper). — We may descend from the Hasenmatt or the chalet 
 on the S. side, pass Lommiswyl . and regain Soleure. or the nearer station 
 of Selzach (see below). Those returning from the Kurhausto Soleure fol- 
 low the road from Fallern (see above) to O/2 M.) a sign-post with four 
 arms, whence a path between pine-woods and large quarries brings them 
 in V2 br. to the X.W. gate of Soleure. Carriages may also be directed to 
 return by a route afiording an opportunity of visiting the St. Verena gorge. 
 
 Fi'om Soleure to Herzogenbuchsee. see p. 17. 
 
 Feom Soleure to Euegdoef (13 M.) by the Emmenthal railway in 
 40-50 min. The principal station is (7 M.) JJtzensdorf ., the largest village 
 in the lower Emmenthal. Burgdorf^ see p. 17. 
 
 Feom Soleuee to Ltss (15 M.) by railway, skirting the right bank of 
 the Aare, in 1-1 V2 hour. About halfway is Biiren (Krone), a small town 
 vpith an old chateau. Lyss^ see p. 12. 
 
 The Bienne line crosses the Aare. 48 M. Alt-Solothum (p. 14) ; 
 then Selzach, Grenchen or Granges (Lowe), with watch-manufactor- 
 ies, and Pieterlen. 
 
 63 M. Bienne, see p. 11.
 
 17 
 4. From Bale to Bern via Herzogenbuchsee. 
 
 66 M. Railwat in 31/4-43/4 hrs. (fares 11 fr. 50, 8 fr. 5, 5 fr. 75 c). 
 
 To (241/2 M.) Olten, see pp. 12, 13. The line skirts the right 
 bank of the Aare ; to the left, the chateau of Neu- Wartburg (p. 14). 
 
 27 M. Aarburg [1285' ; *Krone; Bar), a thriving little town 
 (2079 inhab.), picturesquely situated on the Aare (junction for Lu- 
 cerne, p. 20). The old castle on a hill, built in 1660, is now a factory. 
 — Stations Rothrist ; Murgenthal, where the Murg is crossed ; Rogg- 
 xvyl ; Langenthal (*L6we), a thriving village with a busy timber- 
 trade (branch-line in 40 min. to Huttwil)\ Butzberg. 
 
 411/2 xM. Herzogenbuchsee (1500' ; 2316 inhab. ; *Sonne; Hot. 
 de la Gare') is a considerable place, with a loftily situated church. 
 
 To SoLECRE (9 M.) railway in 40 min. Stations Inkwijl, SuMgen, and 
 Derendingen, beyond which we cross the Grosse Emme to Neu-Solothurn{^. 14). 
 
 Near (451/2 M.) Riedwyl we enter a grassy valley with wooded 
 slopes. Beyond (47 M.) Wynigen a long tunnel (1 min.). The train 
 now crosses the Grosse Emme to — 
 
 52 M. Burgdorf, Fr. Berthoud (1863' ; Hot. Guggisberg, Hot. 
 de la Gare, both at the station ; Maison de Ville ; Ours'), a busy town 
 (6876 inhab.), picturesquely situated. The substantially built houses 
 are flanked with 'Lauben', or arcades, as at Bern. The public 
 buildings, the hospital, schools, orphanage, and public walks testify 
 to the wealth and taste of the community. In the chateau of 
 Burgdorf, in 1798, Pestalozzi established his famous school, which 
 in 1804 he removed to Yverdon (p. 202). Beautiful views from the 
 church and chateau ; finer from the Lueg (2885'), 2 hrs. to the E. 
 
 From Burgdorf to Langnau, 14 M., railway in 3/^-1 ^r. The line 
 ascends the fertile Emmenthal. Stat. Oberburg and Hasle-Riiegsau. From. 
 Riiegsau, i'/a M. to the N.E, of the railway, the EacMsberg (2768'; line 
 view of the Alps and the Jura) may be ascended in 1/2 t"*- — 6 M. 
 Liitzelfliih-Goldbach. Liitzelfliih was the home of the pastor Albert Bitzius 
 (d. 1854), a well-known popular author under the name of Jeremias Gott- 
 helf. — 71/2 M. Ramsey-Sumisicald (the latter lying 3 M. to the 1^.); 9 M. 
 ZoUbriick; 14 M. Langnau fp. 130). 
 
 Fi-om Burgdorf to Soleure, see p. 16. 
 
 541/2 M. Lyssach. Beyond (56 M.) Hindelbank a monument, to 
 the left of the railway, commemorates the battle between the Bern- 
 ese and the French in the Grauholz, March 15th, 1798. — 59 M. 
 Schonbuhl. Beyond (61 i/oM.) Zollikof en (junction for Bj'enne, p. 12), 
 the train crosses the iron Worblaufen Bridge (below, to the right, 
 the handsome bridge of Tiefenau over the Aare) and then ascends 
 through a cutting to the Wyler Feld, whence, to the left, we obtain 
 a magnificent view of the Bernese Alps. To the right is the suburb 
 Lorraine, beyond which we cross the Aare and enter the station of 
 Bern. The ^Bridge, 200 yds. long and 142' high, has a roadway 
 for ordinary traffic below the railway. — 66 M. Bern, see p. 134. 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. i5th Edition.
 
 18 
 
 5. From Bale to Zurich. 
 
 56 M. Railway in 2V4-3V2 lii'S. (fares 9 fr. 40, 6 fr. 60, 4 fr. 75 c). 
 
 To (5 M.) Pratteln, see p. 12. Near (71/2 M.) Aicgst, pictur- 
 esquely situated, we cross the Ergolz and approach the Rhine. On 
 the left is Kaiser- Augst^ with salt-works and an old church; opposite, 
 on the left bank of the Ergolz is the hamlet of Basel-Augst (p. 3). 
 
 IOV2 M. Bheinfelden. — Hotels. 'G7: Hotel des Salines^ 5 min. 
 above tie town, pens, with R. 8-12 fr. ; ^Eotel Dietschy zur Krone. , with 
 terrace on the Rhine ; '^Breikonig^ with shady garden , pens. 5 fr. ; Zutn 
 Schiitzen; Schiff^ all with salt-baths ; ^'Bellevue, on the right bank of the 
 Rhine; beer at the Salnmi. — English Church Service in summer. 
 
 Rheinfelden (873'), an old town with 2400 inhah., once strongly- 
 fortified, with walls and towers still partly preserved , was one of 
 the outposts of the Holy Roman Empire. After repeated sieges it 
 was razed to the ground by the French in 1744. Since 1801 it has 
 belonged to Switzerland. The foaming river here dashes over the 
 rocks, forming the Hollenhaken rapids. Near the town are extensive 
 salt-works on the Rhine. 
 
 "We quit the Rhine, which here describes a bend to the N., pass 
 (13 M.) Mohlin and (17 M.) Mwmj>/" (Soolbad zur Sonne; Giintert), 
 and then return to the river for a short distance. I8Y2 M. Stein 
 (990'; *L6we), connected by a covered bridge with Sdckingen (p. 23). 
 
 From Steix to Koblenz, 16 M., railway in 48 min. (2 fr. 80, 2 fr., 
 1 fr. 40 c.). The line skirts the left bank of the Rhine; stations Sissehi, 
 Lcmfenhurg (p. 23), Sulz^ Etzgen^ Schwaderloch ^ Leibstatt, Felsenau; then 
 across the Aare to Koblenz (p. 22). 
 
 We quit the Rhine, and at (201/2 M.) Eiken enter the fertile 
 Sisseln-Thal. 23 M. Frick (1120'; Adler; Engel), a considerable 
 village. The train ascends in a long curve to (26 M.) Hornussen 
 (1275'). 281/2 M. Effingen (1425'), the highest point on the line. 
 Then a tunnel, 2697 yds, long (4 min.), under the Botzberg (1945'), 
 the Mons Vocetius of the Romans. 31 M. Botzenegg is the station 
 for the village of Schinznach (p. 22). The train gradually descends, 
 affording a magnificent view of the valley of the Aare to the right, 
 and, in clear weather, of the St. Gall, Glarus, and Schwyz Alps, 
 and crosses the Aare by a bridge 259 yds. long and 104' high. 
 
 36 M. Brugg (1096'; pop. 1572; ^Rothes Haus ; *Rd3sli; Hot. 
 Bdhnhof; Rail. Restaurant)^ an antiquated little town, the junction 
 for Aarau and Waldshut (R. 7), is best surveyed from the bridge 
 over the Aare , here hemmed in by rocks. The ^Schwarze Thurm\ 
 by the bridge, dates from the later Roman Empire; the upper part 
 was rebuilt in the 15th century. 
 
 The ancient Abbey of Konigsfelden (3/4 M. to the S.E. of Brugg), for- 
 merly a convent of Minorites, was founded in 1310 by the Empress Eliza- 
 beth and her daughter, Queen Agnes of Hungary, on the spot where 
 Albert of Austria, husband of the former, had been murdered two years 
 before (130S) by John of Swabia and his accomplices. It was secularised in 
 1528; the building was converted into an hospital, and in 1872 into a lunatic 
 asylum. Of the old buildings there now remain the S. part only, the church, 
 and the dwelling of Queen Agnes, which last now contains a collection of 
 antiquities. The stained-glass *Windows in the choir, of the 14th cent., op-
 
 BADEN. /. Route 5. 19 
 
 poaite the door, portray the history of Agnes, etc. Part of the choir, with 
 the tomb of Duke Leopold (p. 20), is now a cart-shed. On the walls are 
 portraits of the chief knights who fell at Sempach (painted soon after the 
 battle, but now much damaged). 
 
 On the tongue of land formed by the Reuss and the Aare once stood 
 the considerable Helvetian town of Vindonissa, which in the early centu- 
 ries of the Christian era was the headquarters of a Roman legion with its 
 Rhsetian cohorts, as is proved by inscriptions. The position of the amphi- 
 theatre is recognisable; and the well of the Abbey of Konigsfelden is fed 
 by a subterranean Roman conduit. The town was destroyed in the 5th 
 cent., and there is now no trace of its extensive edifices; but the name 
 still survives in that of the village of Windisch , 1 M. to the E. of Brugg. 
 
 From Brcgg to Wohlen, 11 M., railway in 40 minutes. — 3 M. Birr- 
 feld; 5V"2 M. Othmarsingen (junction for Wettingen and Aarau, p. 22); 
 71/2 M. Hendschikon (p. 21) ; 81/2 M. Dottikon-Dintikon (p. 21) ; 11 M. Woh- 
 Im-Villmergen. (To Rothkreuz, see p. 22.) 
 
 We cross the Reuss near its union with the Aare, and beyond 
 (38 M.) Turgi (p. 22; Buffet), reach the Limmat and follow its left 
 bank. The steep slopes are clad with vines. 
 
 42 M. Baden (1257'; pop. 3887; *H6tel Bahnhof; *Waage, D. 
 incl. wine 2^/2 fr.) was much visited even in Roman times for the 
 sake of its mineral springs (Aquae Helvetiae). In the reign of Nero, 
 according to Tacitus (Hist. 1. 67), it had all the appearance of a 
 town ("m modum muniGipii exstructus locus, amoeno salubrium 
 aquarum usu frequens'). In the middle ages Baden was a fortress, 
 and down to the beginning of the loth cent, was often the residence 
 of the counts of Hapsburg. The extensive ruins of the fortress 
 Stein zu Baden (1505'), destroyed in 1415 and again in 1712, rise 
 above the town {}l^\ix. from the station); pretty view from the top 
 and the adjacent Cafe Belvedere, 
 
 The hot mineral springs (98^-126° Fahr.) lie in the narrow val- 
 ley of the Limmat (1190'), 5min, to the N, of the station, 1/2 ^^^• 
 from the town. The ^Small Baths' (Adler ; Engel ; Hirsch ; Rebstock; 
 Schwan), on the right bank of the Limmat, are chiefly frequented 
 by the neighbouring peasantry ; the ' Great Baths' (*Neue Kuranstalt 
 Baden, or Grand Hotel, pens. 8-12 fr. ; Schiff ; *Verenahof, 8 fr. ; 
 *Blume; Schweizerhof ; Freihof; *Limmathof; Ochs; Bar) lie on the 
 left bank. The Bahnhof-Str. leads from the station to the handsome 
 Kursaal , with its pleasant grounds (*Restaurant ; music several 
 times daily) and to the Kuranstalt (see above). Good view from the 
 lower Limmat bridge (1175'); opposite, on the right bank, is the 
 Cafe Brunner, with a garden. From the upper bridge a footpath 
 leads to the left to (1/2 M.) the Restaurant Schartenfels, which com- 
 mands a fine view. 
 
 From Baden to Aarau, seep. 22; station on the S.W. side of the up- 
 per town, 1 jJI. from the baths. 
 
 We pass through a short tunnel under the Stein zu Baden (see 
 above), and cross the Limmat to (43 M.) Wettingen. The village lies 
 on the left, at the foot of the vine-clad Lagerngebirge (2830'); on 
 the right, surrounded by the Limmat, are the extensive buildings 
 and gardens of the former Cistercian Abbey of "Wettingen, now a 
 
 o*
 
 20 /. Route 6. SEMPACH. 
 
 seminary for teachers. The church contains a sarcophagus in which 
 the remains of the Emp. Albert (see p. 18) reposed for 15 months 
 before their removal to Speyer. Stained- glass windows of the 
 16th and 17th cent., carved stalls of the 17th. 
 
 From Wettingen to Oeelikon, 13V2 M., railway in IV4 tr. — 2V2 M. 
 Wurenlos; 41/2 M. Oteljingen-Laenikon (branch-line by Bucks and Nieder- 
 cjlatt to Biilach, p. 47); 6 M. Buchs-Daellikon; 8V2 M. Regensdovf-Watt ^ a 
 little to tbe E. of wbicb is the small Katzensee (-Inn) ■■, 10\2 M. Affol- 
 tern; I21/2 BI. Seehach; ISVa M. Oerlikon (p. 46). 
 
 The train again crosses the deep bed of the Limmat and follows 
 its left bank to Ziirich. 46 M. Killwangen.— '^dM. Dietikoii(1285'; 
 Lowe). It was here that Massena elfected his famous passage of 
 the Limmat, 24th Sept., 1799, after which he repulsed the Russians 
 and took Ziirich. — 51 M. Schlieren; 53^/2 M. Altstetten (p. 70). 
 To the right stretches the long ridge of the Uetli with its inn (p. 38). 
 We now cross the Sihl and enter the station of — 
 
 56 M. Zurich, see p. 32. 
 
 6. From Bale to Lucerne. 
 
 59 M. Railway in 21/2-41/2 hrs. (fares 10 fr. 25, 7 fr. 15, 5 fr. 10 c). 
 
 To (27 M.) Aarburg , the junction for Bern (R. 4), see p. 17. 
 The Lucerne line traverses the broad grassy Wiggerthal. 
 
 30 M. Zofingen (1430'; pop. 4496 ; Bossli^ Ochs), a busy little 
 town. The library in the Rathhaus contains a collection of coins, 
 autographs of Swiss reformers, and the album of the society of 
 Swiss artists, founded in the year 1806, which formerly met at Zo- 
 lingen annually. On the branches of the fine old lime-trees near 
 the Schutzenhaus two 'ball-rooms' have been constructed. In the 
 Bleichegut, near the town, are the remains of a Roman bath, 
 
 Feom Zofingen to Suhk, railway in 36 minutes. Stations Safemcyl, 
 Kolliken, Entfelden, well-to-do villages, and (IO1/2 M.) Suhr^ the junction 
 for Aarau and Baden (p. 22). 
 
 33 M. Reiden, an old lodge of the knights of Malta, now a par- 
 sonage. 35 M. Dagmersellen; 37 M. Nehikon (diligence daily in 
 3 hrs., via Willisau, to Wohlhausen in the Entlebuch, p. 129). To 
 the right appear the Bernese Alps; in the centre the Jungfrau, 
 with the Monch and Eiger to the left of it and the Altels to the 
 right. Beyond (391/2 M.) Wauwyl the little Mauensee, with its 
 island and castle, lies on the right. 
 
 431/2 M. Sursee (1690'; pop. 2135; Sonne; Hirsch), an old 
 town, over whose gates the double eagle of Hapsburg is still 
 enthroned. The Town Hall recalls the Burgundian style. 
 
 Near (46 M.) Nottwyl we approach the Lake of Sempach (1663'), 
 5 M. long, IV2 M, broad, and abounding in fish. On a hill to the 
 right rises Schloss Wartensee. 
 
 491/2 M. Sempach. The small town (pop. 1097; Kreuz; Adler) 
 lies 11/2 M. to the N. , on the S.E. bank of the lake. Near Sempach 
 Duke Leopold of Austria was signally defeated on 9th July, 1386, by
 
 AARAU. /. Route 7. 21 
 
 the Swiss Confederates, owing, according to the story, to the noble 
 self-sacrifice of Arnold von Winkelried. The duke himself and 263 of 
 his knights were slain. A column surmounted by a lion was erected 
 beside the church in 1886 on the 500th anniversary of the victory 
 
 A Chapel (2064'), IV2 M. to the N.E. of Sempach, marks the spot where 
 Leopold fell. His uncle, Duke Leopold, had been defeated by the Swiss 71 
 years before at Morgarten (p. 12). The anniversary is still kept. 
 
 The train intersects plantations of firs. On the right appear the 
 precipitous cliffs and peaks of Pilatus ; on the left the long crest of 
 the Rigi; between these tower the snowy Alps (see p. 75); the 
 isolated mountain adjacent to Pilatus, rising above the lake, is the 
 Titlis. 53 M. Rothenburg ; 56 M. Emmenbriicke (Hotel Emmen- 
 briicke ; Restaurant Seethal) , the junction of the 'Seethal' line to 
 Lenzburg (p. 131). The line crosses the Emme , a little above 
 its junction with the Reuss, and follows the latter, being joined 
 on the left by the Ziirich and Lucerne line (p. 70), and on the 
 right by the Bern and Lucerne line (p. 129). Lastly we pass 
 through a tunnel under the Qiltsch (p. 77). 
 
 59 M. Lucerne, see p. 73. 
 
 7. From Olten to Waldshut via Aarau and Brugg. 
 
 321/2 M. Railway in 2 hrs. (fares 5 fr. 60, 4 fr., 3 fr. 85 c). 
 
 Olten, see p. 13. The train runs near the Aare as far as Brugg. 
 To the left rise the picturesque Jura Mts. 
 
 4 M. Diinilcon; b^/o M. Schonenwerth ; on the opposite bank of 
 the Aare is Schloss Gosgen , with a ruined tower. A tunnel now 
 carries us under the loftily situated town of — 
 
 81/2 M. Aarau (1263'; pop. 6809; *Rossli; *Oc]is; *Ldwe; 
 
 * Wilder Mann\ a manufacturing place, the capital of Canton Aargau, 
 on the Aare (which is crossed by a suspension-bridge, constructed 
 in 1850), and at the foot of the Jura, the slopes of which at places 
 are planted with the vine. The Gross-Rathsgebdude contains fine 
 stained glass (from the Abbey of Muri, 16th cent.) and the Can- 
 tonal Library (60,000 vols.). The Geographical and Commercial 
 Society of Central Switzerland has here founded an interesting 
 
 * Ethnographical Industrial Museum. A house in the Rathhaus- 
 Platz (No. 882) contains interesting antiquities from Vindonissa 
 (p. 19). The historian Heinrich Zschokke (d. 1848) once lived 
 here; his house, the ^ Blumenhalde\ is passed on the pleasant 
 walk across the suspension -bridge to the ('/4 hr.) *Alpenzeiger on 
 the Hungerberg (Restaurant, with fine view, pens. 4 fr.). 
 
 Above the town, to the N., rises the Wasser/luh (2850'), and to the 
 N.E. the Giselafluh (2540'), over which a path, with a view of the lakes of 
 Hallwyl and Baldegg, leads to the Baths of Schinznach. — Pleasant road 
 from Aarau by Erlisbadi (p. 13) to the (4 M.) ~ Launmenhad, prettily situat- 
 ed in the Jura. — About 6 M. to the W. of Aarau are the sulphur-baths 
 of Lostoi'f (p. 14), the road to which passes Erlisbach and Stiisslingen. 
 — From Aarau to Sisxach over the Schafmatt, see p. 13. 
 
 From Aaead to Hotukreuz, 29V2 M., railway in iV2-2 hrs. — 4 31. 
 Ruppersweil (see p. 22) ; 6 M. Lenzhurq (p. 132) ; S M. Hendschikon 5 10 M. Dotti-
 
 22 fr. Route 7. SCHINZNACH. 
 
 kon-Dintikon ; 127^ M. WohleH-Villmergenj two considerable villages (junc- 
 tion for Brugg and Bale, p. 19). Branch-line hence to the E. to (5 M.) 
 Bremgavten (Drei Konige-, Kreuz), a small town on the Reuss, with a 
 chateau. — Then (16 M.) Boswyl-Bimzen and the (18 M.) charmingly situated 
 Muri (1590'; "Lowe^ with salt and mineral baths; Adlev), with a former 
 Benedictine Abbey burned down in 1889, but to be rebuilt. Near the 
 town is the picturesque wooded Miihltoiel with several waterfalls. On a 
 hill, 11,2 hr. to the S.E., is 'Schloss Eovhen (2625'; pension from 4 fr.), 
 with extensive wood-walks and a beautiful view. — 2UV2 M. Benzenschwyl ; 
 221/2 jM. Miihlau, on the Eeuss; 25 M. Sins; 27 M. Oierrilti. We then cross 
 the Eeuss to (291/2 M.) Rothkreuz (pp. 72, 100). 
 
 Feom Aaeac to Baden, 171/2 M., railway in 1 hr. 20 min. — 3 M. 
 Suhr (branch-line to Zofirigen, p. 20); 51/2 M. Hunzenschtcyl (on a hill to 
 the right the Staufberg). 7V2 31. Lenzburg (p. 132; 'Seethalbahn' to 
 Lucerne, see R. 39), where the Aa is crossed. IOV2 M. OChviarsingen, 
 junction for Brugg and Wohlen (p. 19). Kear (11 M.) Mdgenwyl, on a 
 spur of the Kestenberg, to the left, rises Schloss Braunegg. The train 
 crosses the Reuss. IBVs M. Mellingen; I51/2 M. Dattuyl; 171/2 M. Baden 
 (the station lies to the S.W. of the upper town, see p. 18). 
 
 On the left, beyond the Aare, at the foot of the Glselafiuh, lies 
 Biberstein, with an old castle. 13 M. Ruppersweil; to the right the 
 Staufberg and the chateau oi Lenzburg (p. 132). — 15 M. Wildegg, 
 with a castle of that name, on the foot of the Wiilpelsberg, has mineral 
 springs containing iodine and bromine, the water of which is used 
 for exportation only. On a hill beyond the Aare rises Schloss Wilden- 
 stein. — 177-2 M. Stat. Schinznach lies 1/2 M. from Bad Schinznacli 
 (1203'), on the right bank of the Aare , with sulphur-baths , fre- 
 quented by French visitors (physician Dr. Amsler ; R. in the Neues 
 Bad from 4, board 8, bath 2 fr. ; music 1/2 fr. per day; in the Altes 
 Bad, more frequented by Swiss visitors, about half as much). 
 
 The baths lie at the foot of the WUlpelsberg (1686'), on the top of 
 which (1/2 hr.) are the ruins of the Habsburg, the cradle of the imperial 
 family of Austria, erected by Count Radbod von Altenburg about 1020. 
 The tower, with walls 8' thick, is the only part now standing. The ad- 
 joining house is occupied by a farmer. The view embraces the entire 
 dominions of the ancient counts of Hapsburg, and the valleys of the Aare, 
 Reuss, and Limmat, bounded on the S. by the Alps. — The village of 
 Schinznach lies about 2'/2 M. to the S.W., on the left bank of the Aare. 
 The nearest station is Boizenegg (p. 18). 
 
 197-2 M. Brugg, and thence to (22 M.) Turgi, see pp. 18, 19. 
 The Waldshut train crosses the Limmat near its influx into the 
 Aare, passes stat. Siggenthal, and traverses the broad valley of the 
 Aare, which it approaches near (28 M.) Dbttingen-Klingnau. It then 
 describes a wide curve, passes through a tunnel, and crosses the 
 Rhine near (3072 ^^0 Koblenz, above the mouth of the Aare. 
 
 3272 M. Waldshut, see p. 23. 
 
 8. From Bale to Schaffhausen and Constance. 
 
 89 M. Baden Railway in 5 hrs. (to Schaffhausen 9 fr. 50, 6 fr. 30, 4 fr. 
 5 c.; to Constance 14 fr. 50, 9 fr. 65, 6 fr. 20e.). Neuhausen (p. 23) is the 
 station for the Falls of the Rhine (R. 9). Views to the right. — Steamer 
 from Schaffhausen to Constance in 31/2-4 brs. (descending in 3 hrs.), pleas- 
 ant if time and weather permit (see p. 25; fares 4 fr., 1 fr. 95 c). 
 
 Bale (Baden station), see p. 2. We traverse a fertile plain
 
 SCHAFFHAUSEN. I. Route §. 23 
 
 between the S. spurs of the Black Forest and the Rhine. Stations 
 Grenzach, Wyhlen (Hotel Bilmaier), Herthen. At (10 M.) Bei 
 Rheinfelden (*Bellevue), opposite Rheinfelden (p. 18), the line ap- 
 proaches the Rhine, which here dashes over rocks. The left bank is 
 precipitous and wooded. — 12 M. Beuggen; to the right are a large 
 reformatory and a seminary (p. 8), formerly a Teutonic lodge. 15 M. 
 NiedersrJiworstadt. To the left of (17M.) Brennet opens the * Wehra- 
 thal (see Baedeker s Rhine). 
 
 20 M. Sackingen (957'; Soolbad or Loive; Schillze'), a consider- 
 able town, has a large abbey-church with two towers. The castle 
 on the Rhine, which figures in Scheffel's poem 'Der Trompeter von 
 Sackingen', is now the property of Hr. Balli. Pretty grounds. 
 
 24 M. Murg (Zum Murgthal), where we cross the Murg. Op- 
 posite (251/2 ^1-) Laufenburg (*Post) is the Swiss town of Laufen- 
 burg (980'; Rheinsoolbad • Adler) , very picturesquely placed on 
 tlie left bank, with its lofty church, ruined castle, and old watch- 
 towers (railway-station, see p. 18). The Rhine here forms impetuous 
 rapids called the ^Laufen. 
 
 A long tunnel; then, beyond (29 M.) Albert-Hauenstein, a lofty 
 viaduct. At intervals we approach the river. Near (30 M.) Albbruck 
 the .4^6 is crossed. 32 M. Dogern. 
 
 35 M. Waldshut (1122'; Hot. Schdtzle, at the station; '^'Hotel 
 Blume; Rebstock, in the town), the largest of these small towns 
 on the Rhine, lies high above the river. — Railway to Turgi (for 
 Ziirich), see p. 22; to Winterthur, see p. 46. 
 
 Beyond Waldshut a tunnel ; to the right, occasional glimpses of 
 the Alps. Before (38 M.) Thiengen (Krone) we cross the Schliicht, 
 and at (40^0 M.) Oberlauchringen the Wutach. To the right, on a 
 wooded height, is the ruin of Kiissenberg . Stations Griessen, Erzin- 
 gen, Wilchingen-Hallau, Neunkirch, Beringen, and (571/2 ^1-) ^^u- 
 hausen, the station for the Falls of the Rhine (p. 26). 
 
 59 M. Schaflfhausen. — "Post, in the Herrenacker, 3 min. from the 
 station; *Hot. Mullek, R. from 2, B. I1/4 fr., Rheixischer Hof, Riese, all 
 three at the station; ^Schwanen-, *Tanxe, plain; 'Schiff, on the Rhine; 
 Krone, unpretending. — Restaurant Rebmann, at the station; Rail. Restau- 
 rant. — Baths in the Rhine, at the upper end of the town, 6-1 and 5-S, for 
 ladies 2-5. 
 
 Schaffhausen (1415'; pop. 12,400), the capital of the canton of 
 that name, still retains some of the features of a Swabian town of 
 the empire. It presents a most picturesque appearance when seen 
 from the village of Feuerthalen, on the left bank of the Rhine, or 
 from the villa Charlottenfels (1385') on the right bank. Hr. Moser 
 (d. 1871), the late proprietor of the villa, originated the imposing 
 Waterworks in the Rhine (outside the Miihlenthor) , by means of 
 which the factories of the town are supplied with water-power. 
 
 The CATHEDBAJi, ouce an abbey-church, an early-Romanesque 
 basilica, was erected in 1052-1101. Interior lately restored. The 
 Gothic cloisters are tolerably preserved. The inscription on the great
 
 24 I. Route 8. SINGEN. From Bdlc 
 
 bell; cast in 1486 : Vivos voco , mortuos plango , fulgura frango, 
 suggested Schiller's beautiful 'Lied von der Glocke'. The Gothic 
 Church of St. John contains an excellent new organ. 
 
 The castle of Mitnot (properly TJnnot), built in 1564-82 and 
 recently restored, commands the town. It consists of a round tower 
 containing a winding inclined plane instead of a staircase, with 
 walls 16' thick (fine view from the top). 
 
 The Imthurneum , in the Herrenacker, erected by Hr. Imthurn 
 (d. 1881), a native of Schaffhausen and a London banker, and pre- 
 sented to the town, contains a theatre, a music-school, and exhibi- 
 tion rooms. Opposite is the Museum, with natural history specimens 
 and antiquities (including those found in the Kesslerloch near 
 Thayingen), and the town-library. In the neighbouring govern- 
 ment buildings is preserved a large onyx, dating from the Roman 
 imperial epoch, and representing a goddess of peace (adm. 11-12 
 gratis ; at other times 1 fr.). 
 
 In the pretty Fdsenstaub Promenade is a bust of the Swiss his- 
 torian Johannes v. Miiller (b. at Schaffhausen, 1752; d. at Cassel, 
 1809). The lofty terrace affords a fine view of the Rhine and the Alps. 
 
 From Schaflfhausen to tlie Falls of the Rhine (2 M.), see p. 26. Car- 
 riage with one horse to the Schlosschen Worth, and back from Neuhausen 
 to Schaffhausen, including stay of 1 hr., 7 fr. Omnibus from the Schaff- 
 hausen station 12 times daily, see p. 26. — Pretty walk through the Miihlen- 
 thal to the Seckelamtshiisli, with a view of the Alps, and back to Schaff- 
 hausen by the ''Hochfluh (another fine point of view) and the suburb of SHig 
 (IV2 hr. in all). Other fine views may be obtained from the Beringer Tlanden 
 (belvedere), 4M. to theW. (toBerinsen station in 20min,, see p. 23), and 
 from the Eohe Randen (2955'), IOV2 M. to the N.W,, reached Yia.JSemmen- 
 stadt or Merichausen. 
 
 Stations Herblingen, Thayingen^ and Gottmadingen. — 71 M. 
 Singen (* Krone ; Ekkehard ; Rail. Restaurant), the junction for the 
 Black Forest Railway. About 3 M. to the N.W. rises the '^Hohen- 
 twiel (2245'), with grand ruins and a noble view (see Baedeker's 
 Southern Germany). 
 
 Fkom Singen to Etzweilen , railway in 1/2 lir. (1 fr. 30, 90, 65 c). 
 Stations Rielasingen, Ramsen. We cross the Rhine between Eemishofen and 
 Rheinklingeyi (p. 25). 9 M. Etzweilen (p. 31). 
 
 751/2 M. Rickelshausen. — 771/2 M. Radolfzell (*Schiff; Krone; 
 ^'•Sonne), an old town on the Untersee, with a Gothic church of 1436. 
 Near it, on the lake, is the villa Seehalde, with a monument to the 
 poet Victor v. Scheffel (d. 1886). — 78 M. Markelfingen. — 82 M. 
 Allensbach. — 86 M, Reichenau is the station for the island of that 
 name, situated to the right in the Untersee and connected with the 
 shore by an embankment. 
 
 The island of Reichenau, now belonging to Baden, was formerly the 
 seat of a celebrated Benedictine Abbey, founded in 724 and secularized 
 in 1799. The Schaffhausen and Constance steamers touch at the island 
 twice daily. The road from the shore leads past the ruined tower of the 
 castle of Schopeln, which was destroyed as early as 1384. The former 
 collesiiite church of St. George, near the houses of Oberzell, is a Romanes- 
 que basilica of the 11th and i2th cent., with interesting frescoes of the 
 10th cent. — In the centre of the island lies its chief village, MUtelzell
 
 to Constance. STEIN. /. Route 8. 25 
 
 (Mohren, Bar), with 1000 inhabitants. The pariah church, orMiinsfer, is the 
 former abbey church, which was consecrated in 808, and contains the remains 
 of Charles the Fat, great-grandson of Charlemagne , who was dethroned 
 in 887. The present edifice is a basilica of the 11th and 12th cent., borne 
 by columns, with two transepts and a late-Gotbic choir of 1448-51; the 
 treasury, in the sacristy, contains several line reliquaries. — The church 
 of Unterzell^ on the X.W. side of the island, is another basilica of the 
 9-12th cent. 
 
 The train passes the large barracks of Petershausen and crosses 
 the Rhine to (89 M.) Constance (p. 28). by an iron bridge embell- 
 ished with statues. 
 
 Steamboat from Schaffhausen to Constajice. Charts of the journey 
 are sold for 30 c. on board the steamboats. Below the stations are indi- 
 cated with daggers. Pier above the bridge, near Scftloss Murtot (p. 2i), op- 
 posite Feuerthalen. — Right: Paradies, formerly a nunnery. 
 
 + Left: Biisingen, a Baden village. 
 
 R. St. Catharinentlial, formerly a nunnery, now a hospital for in- 
 curables; opposite (left) Villa Rauschenberg. 
 
 f R. Diessenhofen (1325'; Adler; Lowe; Hirsch), the Roman Ouno- 
 durum. The Rhine is crossed here by a covered wooden bridge , below 
 which the steamer lowers its funnel. 
 
 R. Rheinklingen ; left, Bibern. "We now pass under the handsome 
 bridge of the 'Kordostbahn' (see p. 24). L. Hemishofen , with the ruin 
 of Wolkenstein above. R. Wagenhausen. 
 
 i L. Stein ("Sonne; ~Rabe), a picturesque old town, connected with 
 the village of Burg (Wasserfels) by a new wooden bridge, and a station on 
 the Winterthur railway (p. 31). The suppressed monastery of St. George 
 contains a hall with a vaulted wooden roof, erected in 1515, and embel- 
 lished with frescoes. The Rathhaus contains stained glass, old weapons, 
 etc. The old chateau of Hohenklingen (1945'), on a hill to the N. of the 
 town, affords an admirable view. 
 
 Above Stein is the island of St. Othmar., with the chapel of that name. 
 The Rhine widens, the steamer enters the TJntersee. R. Eschenz (p. 31) ; 
 on the hill above it the chateau of Freudenfels. 
 
 t L. Oberstaad, an old mansion with a square tower, now occupied 
 by dyeworks ; beyond it the suppressed monastery of Oehningen. 
 
 t R. Mammern (p. 31) ; in the wood, the ruin of Neuburg ; on the 
 bank, the house of Glarisegg. 
 
 t L. Wangen and the chateau of Marbach (now a hydropathic). 
 
 i R. Steckborn (p. 31). Below it, the former nunnery of Feldbach. 
 
 t R. Berlingen (p. 31). The lake expands, and we now see the island 
 of Reichenau (p. 24). On the hill to the right is the chateau of Eugens- 
 berg , erected by Eugene Beauharnais, vice-king of Italy, and now the 
 property of Count Reichenbach-Lessonitz. 
 
 t R. Mannenbach (p. 31), charmingly situated, above which is the 
 handsonie pinnacled chateau of Salenstein ; then, on a wooded hill. Arena- 
 berg (1052'), once the residence of Queen Hortense (d. 1837) and her son 
 Napoleon III. (d. 1873), now the property of the ex-Empress Eugenie. 
 
 i L. Reichenatt, on the island of Reichenau (p. 24). 
 
 t R. Ermatingen (p. 31), prettily situated on a promontory; on 
 the hill above it, Schloss Wol/sberg (iQdO' •, 'Hot.-Pena., pens., incl. R."(fe A., 
 31/2-6 fr.). The neighbouring Schloss Hard, with its beautiful garden, is 
 not visible. 
 
 We now enter the narrow arm of the Rhine connecting the Unter- 
 see with the Lake of Constance. 
 
 t R. Gottlieben (Krone), with a chateau, now restored, in which Huss 
 and Jerome of Prague, and afterwards Pope John XXII. were confined 
 by order of the Council. The chateau and ruin of Castel, on the hill at 
 the back of the village, command a charming view. Beautiful retrospect 
 of the Untersee, with the peaks of the Hiihgau in the distance.
 
 26 /. Route 9. FALLS OF THE RHINE. 
 
 The banks now become flat, and at places marshy. We thread out' 
 way through reedy shallows (1. Fetershausen ^ with large barracks), and 
 at "length pass under the handsome railway-bridge of Constance (p. 28). 
 Passengers are landed at the pier with a lighthouse at its E. end. 
 
 9. The Falls of the Rhine. 
 
 Hotels. On the hill on the right bank, near stat. Neuhausen (p. 23), 
 *ScHWEizEKHoF, R., L., & A. 5-6, D. 4-5 fr., well managed (no fees), with 
 extensive grounds and the finest view of the Falls and the Alps ; *Bellevue, 
 R., L., & A. from 4 fr. ; omnibuses from both to the station and pier at 
 Schaffhausen (I1/2 fr.). At Xeuhausen, Hotel Rheinfall. moderate. — On 
 the left bank, above the Falls, *H6t. Schloss Laufen, E,. 21/2, pens, from 
 5 fr. ; 'Hot. Witzig, at stat. Dachsen, 1/2 ^- from the Falls (p. 32). Illu- 
 mination of the Falls with electric and Bengal lights every evening in 
 summer (1 fr.). — English Church in the 'Schweizerhof grounds. 
 
 The station for the Falls on the right bank is Neuhausen (p. 23) on the 
 Baden Railway, that on the left bank Dachsen (p. 32) on the Swiss line. 
 The best way to see the Falls is to start from Neuhausen and follow 
 the route described below (cross the bridge to Schloss Laufen, descend to 
 the Fischetz , cross to the Schlosschen Worth , and return through the 
 grounds, IV2 hr. in all). This round is often taken in the reverse direc- 
 tion, but as the Fischetz, the most striking point of all, is then visited 
 first , the other points lose much of their impressiveness. — Travellers who 
 desire to combine a visit to the falls with the journey to or from Switzer- 
 land alight at stat. Dachsen (allowing luggage to go on to its destination 
 and await their arrival), walk or drive (omnibus there and back 1 fr.) 
 to (1 M.) Laiifen^ descend through the grounds to the Fischetz, cross to 
 Schlosschen Worthy and return to Schloss Laufen by the E-heinfallbriicke ; 
 or descend from Worth by the road on the right bank to the (3/4 M.) vil- 
 lage of AWJ, cross the river (ferry 15-20 c), and regain Dachsen in a few 
 minutes. — The pleasantest way to' visit the Falls from Schaffhausen (p. 23) 
 is to drive in an open carriage, via Feuerthalen, to Schloss Laufen. Or 
 the traveller may walk to Xeuhausen and cross the railway-bridge to the 
 Schloss (2 M.). Omnibuses ply from the railway station at Schaffhausen 
 to Xeuhausen (Falls of the Rhine) in summer 12 times daily in 20 min. 
 (30 c, the two last trips, at 8.30 and 10 p.m., 50 c.). — All the points of 
 view should if possible be visited, as the traveller's impression of the Falls 
 will otherwise be imperfect. 
 
 The **Falls of the Rhine are in point of volume the grandest 
 in Enrope. The Rhine is precipitated in three leaps over an 
 irregular rocky ledge, which on the side next the left hank is 
 ahout 60' in height, and on the right bank about 48', Above the 
 Falls the river is about 125 yds. in width. If the rapids and the 
 cataracts a few hundred paces farther up be taken into account, the 
 total height of the Falls may be estimated at nearly 100'. (Level 
 of the Rhine below the falls 1180'.) In June and July the river is 
 much swelled by melting snow. Before 8 a.m. and after 3 p.m. 
 numberless rainbows are formed by the sunshine in the clouds of 
 silvery spray. The spectacle is also very impressive by moonlight. 
 
 Of the four limestone -rocks which rise above the Falls, that nearest 
 the left bank has been worn by the action of the water to one-third of 
 its original thickness, but has lately been buttressed with masonry. When 
 viewed from a boat below, the rocks seem to tremble. The central and 
 highest rock , surmounted by a small pavilion, may be reached by boat, 
 and ascended by a path protected by a railing. The Falls are here surveyed 
 to the best advantage. The passage, which only occupies a few minutes,
 
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 FALLS OF THE RHINE. I. Route 9. 27 
 
 is unattended with danger (1-2 pers. 3 fr. and fee ; each additional person 
 1 fr.). — It is a curiou3 fact that no mention of the Falls of the Rhine 
 occurs in history before the year 9G0. It has therefore been supposed that 
 they did not exist until about a thousand years ago, and that, while tbe 
 bed of the river below the falls has gradually been deepened by erosion, 
 the deepening process above the falls has been retarded by the hardness 
 of the rocky barrier above mentioned. 
 
 Leaving the Neuhausen Station (p. 23), we follow the road to 
 the left, and after a few paces descend by a path to the right to the 
 village. At the Hotel Rheinfall we descend to the right by a finger- 
 post, and after 100 paces take the shady path to the left, passing 
 the Gun and Waggon Factory to the (1/4 hr.) *Rheinfallbriicke, 
 210 yds. long, which carries the 'Nordostbahn' over the Rhine a 
 little above the Falls (p. 32). The nine arches vary in span (42-66'), 
 as it was difficult to obtain foundations for the piers. The footway 
 on the upper side of the bridge affords an interesting view of the 
 rocky bed of the river, the rapids, and the falls below. 
 
 On the left bank a path ascends to the left in 5 min. to the 
 Schloss Laufen (1360'), picturesquely situated on a wooded rock 
 Immediately above the Falls. (Admission 1 fr.; no other fees.) The 
 balcony and a jutting pavilion with stained-glass windows command 
 a good survey of the falls, the bridge, and the environs. Camera 
 obscura, 50 c. 
 
 Footpaths descend through the grounds to the chief points of 
 view : an iron *Pai;j7jon, the wooden *Kanzeli^ and lastly the *Fischeiz, 
 an iron platform projecting over the foaming abyss. The scene here 
 is stupendous. The vast emerald-green volume of water descends 
 with a roar like thunder, apparently threatening to overwhelm the 
 spectator, and bedewing him with its spray. 
 
 Boats are in readiness here to ferry us across (50 c.) to the 
 Schlosschen Worth (/nn, R. 1^/4 fr.; camera obscura 50c.), on an is- 
 land opposite the Falls , which is connected with the right bank by 
 a bridge. This point commands the finest general Yibw of the Falls. 
 (Boat to the central rock, see p. 26.) We may now return to the 
 Neuhausen station or visit the Schweizerhof. To the W. of the hotel 
 is the Fischerholzli , with shady grounds and picturesque views. Or 
 we may follow the road on the right bank, ascending the river 
 (benches at intervals , commanding splendid views) to the Laufen 
 Ironworks^ where a stone parapet near the sluices affords another 
 good survey of the Falls. The road thence to the left ascends through 
 the village of Neuhausen to the station (see above). 
 
 10. From Friedrichshafen to Constance. Lake of 
 Constance. 
 
 Steamboat four times daily in summer (twice direct, in V/i-Uf-zliT.; 
 twice via Meersburg in 2 hrs.). Between the chief places on the lake, 
 Friedrichshafen , Lindau , Bregem , Rorschach , Romanshorn , Constance, 
 Meersburg^ Ueherlingen, and Liidwigsha/en , the steamers (about 26 in 
 number) ply at least once daily, and on the chief routes (Friedrichshafen-
 
 28 I. Route 10. FRIEDRICHSHAFEN. Lake of 
 
 Constance IV-i tr., Friedrichshafen - Romansliorn 1 hr. , Friedrichshafen- 
 Rorscbach 11/4 hr., Lindau-Romansliorn I'A lir., Rorscliacli-Lindau 1 hr., 
 Constance-Lindau 21/2 hrs.) 3-4 times daily. Good restaurants on board. 
 The lake being neutral, luggage is liable to custom-house examination on 
 arriving in Germany or Austria from Switzerland, and nominally in the re- 
 verse case also. Passengers from one German port to another may avoid 
 these formalities by obtaining on embarkation a custom-house ticket for their 
 luggage, which will be delivered to tbem free of charge on their arrival. 
 The Lake of Constance (1305'; Ger. Bodensee, Lat. Lacus Brigantinits)^ 
 an immense reservoir of the Rhine, 210 sq. M. in area, is, from Bregenz 
 to the influx of the Stockach, 40 M. long, about 71/2 M. wide, and between 
 Friedrichshafen and Utweil 835' deep. In beauty of scenery the Bodensee 
 cannot vie with the other Swiss lakes \ but its broad expanse of water, its 
 picturesque banks, and green hills, the chain of the Appenzell Alps in the 
 distance, the snow-clad Sentis in particular, and several snow-peaks of the 
 Vorarlberg Alps, visible in clear weather , combine to present a very pleas- 
 ing scene. In rough weather sea-sickness is sometimes experienced. The 
 best fish are '■Felchen' and trout, and the best wine grown on the banks 
 is the '■Meersburger\ 
 
 Friedriclishafen C'^Deutsches Haus; *Konig v. Wurttemberg ; 
 *Krone; Sonne ; Adler ; Midler's Restaurant), the S. terminus of the 
 Wiirtemberg Railway (to Stuttgart 6-71/2 his.), is a busy place in 
 summer. Its lake-baths attract many visitors, especially from Swabia, 
 and it boasts of a Kurhalle -with pleasant grounds on the lake. The 
 Harbour with its Lighthouse is 1 M. from the railway-station. 
 
 Travellers about to continue their journey by steamer may keep their 
 seats until the train reaches the harbour-terminus, near the quay (Restau- 
 rant with view-terrace). Those arriving by steamer may procure tickets 
 immediately on landing, and step into the train at once. 
 
 The Constance steamer directs its course to the "W. On the 
 N. bank are the village of Immenstaad , the chateaux of Herrs- 
 berg and Kirchberg; then the village of Hagnau. On the N.W. arm 
 of the lake, the Veberlinger See, we next observe the picturesque 
 little town of Meersburg j then the island of Mainau (p. 30), and in 
 the distance Veberlingen. The steamer passes the promontory which 
 separates the Ueberlinger See from the bay of Constance , and 
 reaches (I72 l^r-) — 
 
 Constance (comp. Plan, p. 27). — *Insel-H6tel (Pi. a; C, 8), form- 
 erly a Dominican monastery (p. 30), on the lake, with a garden and fine 
 view, R. 31/2-5, L. 1/2, A. 3/4, B. IV4, D. ijl. S. 272, pens. 7-10 J(. ; 'Hotel 
 Halm (PI. c; C, 5), R. & A. 2 Jl., B. 80 pf . ; Hotel Schonebeck (PI. e; 
 
 C, 5), both opposite the railwav station; -Hecht (PI. d; C, 4), R., L., & 
 A. 3, B. 1, D. 3 Jl.; =Badischer Hof (PI. f; A, 5); *Keone (PI. g; C, 4), 
 Ankee , ScHiFF, Baeearossa, Bodan, Falke, Lamm, Schnetzee, in 
 the market-place, second class, moderate. — *'Post Restaurant, next the 
 Hotel Halm; - Museums-Restaur . (Munich beer) ; Engler's Bier gar ten near the 
 public park; Caf^ Maximilian, Bahnhof-Str. — Post-Office (PI. C,4), near the 
 station. — BatJis in the lake (PI. D,4, 5), well fitted up (bath 40 pf. ; ferry 10 pf.). 
 — English Church Service in summer. — The former Konstanzer Hof (PI. 
 
 D, 1), on the lake, is now an Institute for Nervous Patients (Dr. G. Fischer). 
 
 Constance (1335'; pop. 17,000), a free town of the Empire 
 down to 1548, after the Reformation subject to Austria, and since 
 the Peace of Pressburg in 1805 a town of Baden, lies at the N.W. 
 end of the Lake of Constance, at the efflux of the Rhine. The epis-
 
 1
 
 Constance. CONSTANCE. /. Route 10. 29 
 
 copal see, founded in 781 , and held by 87 bishops in succession, 
 was deprived of its temporalities in 1802, and suppressed in 1827. 
 
 The *CATHBbB,AL (PI. 4; B,3), founded in 1052, originally a cru- 
 ciform Romanesque edifice, was rebuilt in its present form in 
 1435 and 1680. TheGothic tower, designed by Hiibsch, was erected 
 in 1850-57 ; the open spire has a platform on each side , which 
 commands an excellent survey of the town and lake (adm. 20 pf.). 
 
 Interior. On the doors of the chief portal are ^Reliefs in 20 sections, 
 from the life of Christ, carved in oak by Simon Haider in 1470. * Choir- 
 stalls , with satirical sculptures , of the same date. The organ-loft was 
 enriched in the Renaissance style in 1680. In the nave, which is borne by 
 16 monolith columns (28' high , 3' thick), sixteen paces from ^he entrance, 
 is a large stone slab, with a white spot which always remains dry when 
 the rest is damp. On this spot Huss is said to have stood on 6th July, 
 1415, when the Council sentenced him to be burned at the stake. The N. 
 chapel adjoining the choir contains a *Death of the Virgin, in stone, date 
 1460. In the left aisle is the monument of /. II. v. Wessenberg (see below). 
 
 The Treasury (verger V2-I Jf-) contains missals of 1426 with miniatures. 
 On the E. side of the church is a Crypt, containing the Chapel of the Se- 
 pulchre, a representation of the Holy Sepulchre in stone, 20' high (13tli 
 cent.). Adjoining the church on the X. stand two sides of the once hand- 
 some 'Cloisters, erected about 1480 in the Gothic style. 
 
 The AVessenbekg-Haus [PI. 15; B,3"), once the residence of the 
 benevolent Hr. v. Wessenberg (d. I860}, who for many years was 
 the administrator of the bishopric, contains a collection of pictures, 
 engravings, and books, bequeathed by him to the town, and a num- 
 ber of paintings and sketches left by M. Ellenrieder (d. 1853), a 
 lady-artist. 
 
 The late-Gothic church of St. Stephen (PL 6; B,4), of the 15th 
 cent., with its slender tower , but disfigured externally, contains 
 interesting sculptures in wood and stone. — The Wessenberg-Str. 
 leads hence to the Obere Markt, at the corner of which is the house 
 ^Zum Hohen Haferi (PI. 2; B, 4), where, according to the modern 
 inscription, Frederick, Burgrave of Nuremberg, was invested with 
 the March of Brandenburg by Emp. Sigismund on 18th April, 1417. 
 Adjacent is an old house (now the Hotel Barbarossd) , styled by 
 the inscription Curia Pads, in which Emp. Frederick I. concluded 
 peace with the Lombard towns in 1183. 
 
 The Stadt-Kanzlei , or Town Hall (PL 12; B, 4, 51, erected 
 in 1593 in the Renaissance style, and embellished in 1864 on the 
 facade with frescoes relating to the history of Constance, contains the 
 Municipal Archives in the lower rooms (2800 charters , chiefly from 
 the Reformation period). Handsome inner court. — In the market- 
 place stands a Wingless Victory, by Baur (PL 10), erected in memory 
 of the war of 1870-71. 
 
 The RosGARTBN (PL 8; B, 5), the old guild- house of the 
 butchers, contains the *Rosgarten Museum, a fine collection of pre- 
 historic remains, antiquities of Constance and natural history spec- 
 imens (adm. 40 pf.). 
 
 The Kaufhaus (PL 1 ; C,4) on the lake, erected in 1388, contains
 
 30 7. Route 10. CONSTANCE. 
 
 the large hall, 52 yds. long, 35 yds. wide, and borne by ten mass- 
 ive oaken pillars, where the conclave of cardinals met at the time 
 of the Great Council (1414-18). The hall has been restored and 
 adorned in 1875 with frescoes by Pecht and Schworer from the his- 
 tory of the town (adm. 20 pf.). Upstairs a collection of Indian 
 and Chinese curiosities, the property of the castellan (40 pf.). 
 
 The Dominican Monastery (PI. a; C. 3), in which Huss was 
 confined, on an island, has been partly converted into a hotel 
 ('Insel-Hotel', p. 28). The well-preserved Romanesque cloisters 
 (with frescoes by Haberliu, illustrating the history of the con- 
 vent) and the finely vaulted dining-room (formerly the church) are 
 worthy of a visit. 
 
 Pleasant promenade in the Stadtgarten on the lake, with a 
 marble bust of Emp. William I. and charming view. 
 
 The house in which Huss was arrested, in the Hussen-Strasse 
 near the Schnetzthor (PL A, 5), is indicated by a tablet with a por- 
 trait of the reformer in relief, put up in 1878. Adjoining it is an 
 old relief, of 1415, with derisive verses. Some houses farther on, at 
 the 'Obere Laube', a bronze tablet with an inscription designates the 
 spot where Jerome of Prague was imprisoned in 1415-16. In the 
 Briihl, 1/2 M. to the W. of the town, a large boulder with inscrip- 
 tions marks the spot where these illustrious reformers suffered 
 martyrdom. 
 
 Fine view of the lake and the Vorarlberg and Appenzell Alps from, 
 the ''- Allmannshohe (3/4 hr.), with belvedere (Restaurant), 5 min. above the 
 village oi Allmannsdorf^ on the road to the JIainau. — Pleasant walks to 
 the Loretto - Kapelle Q/2 hr.); the Jacob, a restaurant with a fine view 
 (Y2 hr.); and the Kleine Rigi, above Miinsterlingen (Inn; 1 hr.). 
 
 In the N. W. arm of the Lake of Constance (Ueberlinger See, p. 28), 
 41/2 M. from Constance, lies the pretty island of *Mainau, formerly the seat 
 of a commandery of the Teutonic order, as is indicated by a cross on the 
 S. side of the chateau, which was built in 1746. The island, IV'2 M. in 
 circumference, is connected with the mainland by an iron bridge 650 paces 
 long. Since 1853 it has been the property of the Grand Duke of Baden, and 
 is laid out in pleasure-grounds. Steamboat from Constance in 55 min. ; 
 small boat (a pleasant trip of 1 hr.) 5 Jl. and gratuity ; carriage for 1 person 
 5 Jif., two persons 6 Jf.). Walkers take a shorter route, partly through plea- 
 sant woods (1 hr.). 
 
 11. From Rorschach to Constance and Winterthur 
 
 (Zurich) . 
 
 Gomp. Maps, pp. 28, 26. 
 
 60 M. Railway (NordostbaJin) in 4V4-5V4 hrs. (fares 9 fr. 75, 6 fr. 85, 
 4 fr. 80 c). 
 
 Rorschach, see p. 50. The line skirts the lake of Constance, 
 of which it affords pretty glimpses. Rising conspicuously above the 
 woods on the N. bank is Heiligenberg (1065' above the lake), a 
 chateau of Prince Fiirstenberg. Stations Horn (p. 50), Arhon 
 (*Bar-, Engel; Kreuz ; Pens. Seebad), a small town on the site of 
 the Roman Arhor Felix. — 71/2 M. Egnach.
 
 STECKBORN. I. Route 11. 31 
 
 91/2 >!• Romanshorn, see p. 47. — 12 M. Uttwyl; 13 M. Kesswyl 
 (Bar; Pens. Seethal), well-to-do villages. To the right, on the 
 lake, the Moosburg is visible. — 95 M. Guttingen, with a chateau ; 
 16 m. Allnau ; I8V2 M. Milnsterlingen (Pqhs. Schelling), with a 
 lunatic asylum, — 21 M. Kreuzlingen (^Helvetia ; Lowe), a pleas- 
 ant little town with the old Augustinian abbey of that name, at pres- 
 ent a seminary for teachers. The church contains a curious piece of 
 wood-carving of the 18th cent., with about 1000 small figures. 
 
 22 M. Constance (a terminus station), see p. 28. The train 
 backs out and runs towards the "W. through a fertile district. 23 M. 
 Emmhhofen-Egelshofen, 25 M. Tagerweilen, thriving villages ; 
 on the Rhine, to the right, Gottlieben (p. 25). Near (28 M.) 
 Ermatingen (*U6t.-Pens. Adlcr, pens. incl. R. 41/0-5 fr- ; Krone) 
 we approach the green Untersee, which we now skirt. Charming 
 views; in the distance, to the N.W., rise the peaks of the Hohgau 
 (p. 25). Near Ermatingen, on the height to the left, are the cha- 
 teaux of Wolfsberg (p. 25) and Hard; then Arenaberg (p. 25), and 
 near (281/2 M.) Mannenbach (*Pens. Schiff, 4-5 fr.) the handsome 
 Salenstein (p. 25). To the right, in the lake, the large island of 
 Reichenau (p. 24); on the left, Schloss Eugensberg (p. 25). At 
 (301/2 J^O Berlingen the Untersee attains its greatest width (5 M.), 
 after which it divides into two branches. 
 
 32 M. Steckborn (*Ldwe ; Krone ; Sonne), a small town with 
 a castellated 'Kaufhaus', lately restored. Below it, on the right, 
 the iron-foundry of Feldbach, once a nunnery. On the right, 
 farther on, the mansion of Glarisegg ; to the left, in the wood, 
 the ruin of Neuburg. On the opposite (N.) bank are Wangen and 
 the hydropathic establishment of Marbach (p. 25). 
 
 36 M. Mammern (Ochs, at the station), with a chateau, used as 
 a Hydropathic Establishment (pension). Then, on the right bank, 
 Oberstaad, and on the hill the abbey o{ Oehningen (jp. 25). At 
 (37 M.) Eachenz the Untersee again narrows into the Rhine (p. 25). 
 We follow the left bank to the station for (39 M.) Stein (p. 25), 
 on the right bank, commanded by the castle of Hohenklingen ; 
 and then turn to the left to (41 M.) Etzweilen (^Rail. Restaurant), 
 the junction for Singen (p. 24). 
 
 On the left, as we proceed to the S., is the vine-clad and 
 wooded Stammheimer Berg (1716'). 431/2 M. Stammheirn ; 481/0 M. 
 Ossingen. We now cross he T/iwr by a bold iron bridge, 148' high, 
 borne by seven iron buttresses. Stations Thalheim- Alt ikon, Dyn- 
 hard, Seuzach, and Oberwinterthur, a small town with an old Ro- 
 manesque church (tower modern), the Roman Vitodurum. 
 
 60 M. Winterthur and thence to (76 M.) Zurich, see p. 46.
 
 32 
 
 12. From Schaflfhausen to Zurich. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 26, 38. 
 
 35 M. Railwat (Nordostbahn) in 2hrs.: to Winterthur 1 hr., to Zurich 
 1 hr. (fares 5 fr. 95 c, 4 fr. 20 c, 3 fr.). Views on the right. 
 
 Schaffhausen , see p. 23. The line skirts the lofty Fasenstaub 
 Promenade (p. 24), and passes below the villa Charlottenfels (p. 23). 
 On the right, high above, is the Waldshut railway (p. 23), which 
 passes through a tunnel under Charlottenfels. Immediately beyond 
 a long cutting we cross the Rheinfallbrueke (see p. 27), obtaining 
 a glimpse of the falls to the right, and enter a tunnel, 71 yds. long, 
 under Schloss Laufen (p. 27). On emerging, and looking back to 
 the right, we obtain another beautiful glance at the falls. 
 
 3 M. Dachsen (1296'; "^Hotel Witzig, R. & B. 2 fr. 75, B. 1 fr. 
 30 c.) lies 1 M. to the S. of Schloss Laufen (comp. p. 26). As the 
 train proceeds, it affords pleasing views at intervals of the bluish-green 
 Rhine in its deep and narrow channel, enclosed by wooded banks. 
 
 51/2 M. Marthalen. The valley of (IOV2M.) Andelfingen (1298' ; 
 Lowe) soon begins to open, and that thriving village appears in the 
 distance to the right, on the steep bank of the Thur. We approach it 
 by a wide curve, and cross the Thur above the village by an iron 
 bridge 113' high. "We then skirt the river for a short distance, and 
 reach Andelfingen on the S. side. The site of the station has been 
 excavated in an ancient moraine. 
 
 The route is now less interesting. 13 M. Henggart, 1/2 ^^- to ^^^ 
 N.W. of which is the chateau of Goldenberg (pens., moderate). 
 14 M. Hettlingen, The vine-clad slopes of Neftenbach, to the right, 
 produce the best wines in N. Switzerland, the finest of which is 
 Gallenspitz. Near Winterthur the broad valley of the Toss is entered. 
 
 19 M. Winterthur, and thence to (35 M.) Zurich, see p. 46. 
 
 13. Zurich and the XJetliberg. 
 
 Railway Stations. Central Station (Tl. H, J, 3, 4) at the tower (N.) 
 end of the town, 3/4 M. from the lake (omnibus 75 c.-l fr., each box 20 c. ; 
 cab for 1-2 pers. 80 c.).— Enge Station (PL D, 2), on the left bank of the 
 lake (p. 41). — Uetli Station (PI. F, 1), also for the Sihlthalbahn (p. 39). 
 — Steamboats (see p. 39) start below the Tonhalle (PI. C, 5) and from the 
 Stadthaus-Platz. 
 
 Hotels. 'Hotel Bace au Lac (PI. a; E, 3; closed in winter), with a 
 pretty garden and delightful view, R., L., & A. from 6, D. 5 fr. ; *Gb.- 
 HoT. Bellevue (PL b; E, 4), on the lake, with fine view, R., L., & A. 
 from 41/2, D. 5 fr. 5 *National (PL d; H, 3), 'Victoria (PL c; H, 3), R., 
 L., & A. 3V2-5, D. 4 fr., both opposite the station; Hot. de l'Epee (PL 
 e ; G, 4), by the lower bridge, R. & L. from 3, D. 3-3V2 fr. ; *H6tel Baue- 
 ViLLE (PL f; F, 3), R., L., & A. from 3, D. 4 fr. ; *Kdppee's Hotel Habis 
 (PL g; H, 3), R., L., & A. 21/2-81/2, B. 11/4- D. 31/2 fr., at the station; Hotel 
 DE ZUEICH (PL h; E, 5), R., L., & A. 3'/2, D. 31/2 fr. ; CiGOGNe (PL 1; F, 4), 
 commercial; *St. Gotthaed (PL k; H, 3) and -Wannee's Hotel (PL 
 1; H, 3), Bahnhof-Str. ; Hotel Bahnhof (Pl.m; H, 3) and Stadthof (PL 
 n;H, 3,4), R,, L., & A. 31/4, B. 11/4, D. 3 fr., both near the station; Hot. 
 Centkal (PL 0; H, 4), on the right bank of the Limmat, near the station, 
 D. incl. wine 3 fr. ; *Schweizekhof (PL p ; G, 4), R. & A. 21/2, B. 11/4, D.,
 
 Jf^^--fy^ik^^^!^J^^ W oSI/r!^ TRASS ,^ 
 
 ^ 

 
 ZURICH. I. Route 13. 33 
 
 incl. wine, 872 fr., "'Limmatiiof (PI. q; H, 4), and Hotkl .Tura, on the 
 Limmat-Quai ; Pfacen (PI. t-, D, 6), next the Summer Theatre (see below); 
 ScHWAKZER Adler, moderate ; Rothes Haus (PI. r ; F, 4), and Seehqf (PI. s -, 
 F, 4, 5), on the Sonnen-Quai ; *Sonne, Krone, Hiesch, Lamm, Lowe, Schiff, 
 etc., unpretending. Visitors are received at all these hotels en pension, the 
 charges being reduced in spring and autumn. — Pensions. *Peksion Neptun 
 at Seefeld, near Zurich, 6-7 fr.; near it, *Weisses Kreuz and Pension 
 tiAUSER; *Beau-Site. Dufourstrasse, near the Alpen-Quai, pens, from fr.; 
 'Villa Scuaxzekbkrg (Frau Hepp), Schonbergstrasse 2 (C-8fr.); Sonne, 
 at Unterstrass; Blank- Jaquet, in Obcrstrass, next the Polytechnic, pens, 
 incl. R. 5 fr. ; *Tiefenau, atHottingen (5 fr.); Karolinenbcrg and Forster, 
 at Fluniern^ on the hill, I'/zM. to the E. of Zurich. TheWAiD, see below. 
 The *Uetlibeeg, see p. 38. 
 
 Restaurants and Cafes. ''Rail. Restaurant; "Orsini (in the Hotel Baur- 
 Ville), Zunfthuus zur ^yaag, both in fhe Frau-Miinsterplafz (Munich beer); 
 Caftfs Ifational and Balis, both near the station; Wiener Ca/e, S(. Gofthard, 
 Wanner, Bahnhof-Str. ; Central, Centralhof. On the right bank: "Kronen- 
 halle, D. 21/2 fr. ; Tonhalle (see below), on the lake, D. (li to 2) 3 fr.; 
 Saffran^ opposite the Rathhaus ; Summer Restaurant in the Platz Promenade 
 (p. 37). — Ices. Spriingli, Parade-Platz; Bourry, Untere Kirchgasse. on the 
 "Uto-Quai. — Beer. *Kropf, in Gassen. Munich beer; *Crt/^ Orsini (see above) ; 
 Stadtkeller, behind the Limmathof; 'Metzgerbrdu, Beatengasse; Framis- 
 laner, corner of Stiissihofstatt and Niederilorfstr. ; Meierei , etc.; Draht- 
 schmiedli, with garden on the Limmat (p. 37); also at the above mentioned 
 caf^s. — Wine. Valtellina wine at the Veltlinerhalle; Walliser Weinlialle, 
 near the Schweizerhof. 
 
 Baths in the lake at the Stadfhaus-Platz (PL E, 4), at the suburb of 
 Enge (PI- C, 3), and, for ladies , in the Limmat below the Bauschanze 
 (PI. E, F, 4). Neumiinster Baths (PI. F, 5), at the S. end of the town. — 
 Warm Baths (vapour, etc.) at Treichler''s, ;it the Werdmiihle in the Bahn- 
 hof-Str., and at Stocker^s, in the Miihlgarten. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. F, 3), Bahnhof-Strasse; branch-offices 
 in various parts of the town. 
 
 Cabs, Drive within the town, or not exceeding 'Air., 1-2 pers. 80c. , 
 3-4 pers. Ifr. 20c., each box 20c.; in the evening 10c. extra for the lamps; 
 from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. double fares. For Vz br., 1 fr. 50 or 2 fr. 20 c.; 
 3/4 hr., 2 fr. or 2 fr. 90 c; 1 hr., 2 fr. 50 or 3 fr. 60 c, etc. 
 
 Tramway from the Station through the Bahnhof-Str. to the suburb of 
 Enge; across the Bahnhofbriicke and by the Limmat-Quai, Tonhalle-Str., 
 and Seefeld-Str. to Riesbach and Tiefenbninnen (near Zollikon); ani from 
 the Parade-Platz northwards to the cemetery of Aussersihl. 
 
 Steam-launches ('Dampfschwalbon) ply on the Limmat and the lake- 
 front of thp city every 15 min. (fares 10-50 c); f-tations : Rathliaus (PI. F. 4); 
 Wasserkirche (p. 36, by the Jliinsferbriicke); Theatre (PI. D, 5); Mainau- 
 sirasse; Ziiriclihorn; thence across the lake to Wollishofen, on the W. bank, 
 and past the suburb of Enge (p. 35) to the Sladthansplatz (PI. E, 4) and 
 back into the Limmat. 
 
 Rowing-boats for 1-2 pers. 50c. per hour; for 3 or more pers. 20 c. 
 each per hour; each rower 60c. per hour. 
 
 Cable Tramway (Ziirichbergbahn) from the Limmat-Quai to the Poly- 
 technic (PI. II, 4, 5). every few min. from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. (in summer from 
 B a.m. to 9.30 or 10 p.m. ; fare, in either direction, 10 c. ; journey 2^/2 min.). 
 
 Popular Resorts. "Belvoir, a beautiful park at the S. extremity of the 
 Alpen-Quai (PI. D, 3), with restaur.; adm. 20 c, concerts 50 c, free on Sun. 
 (tramway Paradeplatz-Enge) ; Zurichhorn(PL A, 6), park with restaur, and 
 Nageli's Museum of stuffed Alpine animals (50 c.), station of the steam- 
 launches (see above); Tonhalle (PI. E, 5") on the lake, with restaurant; 
 concerts every evening in summer (70 c). Pfauen Summer Theatre (PI. F, 6); 
 operettas, etc. Flatten- Garten (PI. G, Gj, adjoining the Polytechnic; ex- 
 hibitions of animals; concerts. The "Waid on the Kdfcrberg, 3 M. to the 
 N.W. of the town. Jakobsburg (Munich beer), Sonnenberg, both on the 
 slope of the Zurichberg, above Hottingen. The ^Uetliberg is the finest 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 3
 
 34 I. Route IS. ZURICH. Situation. 
 
 point in the environs (by railway in 1/2 lir. ; see p. 38). — Information as 
 to excursions, objects of interest, etc., at the Offizielles Verkehrs- Bureau, 
 on the ground-floor of the Exchange buildings. 
 
 English Church Service in the Chapel of St. Anne (PI. E, 3), near the 
 Pelikan-Str., at 8, 10.30, & 5 o'cl. — Presbyterian Service (Church of Scot- 
 land) in summer. 
 
 British Consul. Henry Angst. Esq., llBleicherweg; office-hours 9V2-IIV2. 
 — American Consul. Geo. L. Cailin, Esq., Borsen-Str. 14, 9-12 and 2-4 p.m. 
 
 Permanent Exhibition at Siaub <i- Co's., Parade-Platz (gratis). — Anglo- 
 American Pharmacii, Dr. C. Diinnenberg, Tonhalle-Platz. 
 
 Zurich (1345'; pop. 104,406, including the eleven recently in- 
 corporated 'Ausgemeinden' or suburbs), the Roman Turicum, the 
 capital of the canton, lies at the N. end of the lake, on the green 
 and rapid Limmat , -which divides it into the ' Grosse Stadf on the 
 right, and the ^Kieine Stadf on the left bank. On the W. side flows 
 the Sihl. an unimportant stream except in spring, which falls into 
 the Limmat below the town. Ziirich is one of the busiest manufac- 
 turing towns in Switzerland , silk and cotton being the staple pro- 
 ducts. (There are 10,000 silk-looms in this canton.) At the same 
 time it is the intellectual centre of German Switzerland. Its schools 
 are in high repute, having for centuries sent forth men of distinction, 
 such as Bodmer, Hottinger, Orelli, Gessner, Lavater, Hess, Pestalozzi, 
 Heidegger, Horner, Hirzel, Henry Meyer, the friend of Goethe, and 
 many others. 
 
 The Situation of Zubich is very beautiful. Both banks of the clear, 
 pale-green lake are enlivened vv'ith villages, orchards, and vineyards, scat- 
 tered over a highly cultivated country. In the background rise the snow- 
 capped Alps ; to the left is the crest of the Gldmisch, then the perpendicular 
 sides of the Griesetstock {^2(Xf), near it on the right the Pfann&tock, and farther 
 on, the Drusberg, the ice-clad Bifertenstock. and the Todi (the highest of the 
 group, the two last rising above the Linththal); in front of these the Cla- 
 r/c?en, with their westernmost point the -fiTam/nZ/i'^oc^- (10,610'); between this 
 and the double-peaked Scheerhorn lies the Gries Glacier; then on the N. 
 side of the Schdchenthal the long Ross- Stock Chain with its fantastic peaks; 
 the broad Windgdlle; between this and the Scheerhorn appears the dark 
 summit of the lower Mythen near Schwyz ; above the depression between 
 the wooded Kaiserstock and the Rossberg towers the pyramidal Brisienstock, 
 near Amsteg on the St. Gotthard route •, then, if we occupy a commanding 
 position, the Blacken stock and Uri-Roihstock , and part of the snow-moun- 
 tains of the Engelberger Thai, appearing above the Albis, to the right, the 
 northernmost point of which is the Uetliberg, with the hotel on its summit. 
 
 In the BAHjraoF - Platz (PI. H, 4) a fountain with a bronze 
 Statue of Alfred Escher (d. 1882), the statesman and founder of 
 the St. (Jotthard Railway, by Kissling, was erected in 1889. The 
 Bahnhof-Strasse (PI. H, J, 3), nearly ^/^M. long, leads hence S. to 
 the lake. It passes on the right, in the Linth-Escher-Platz (Pl.H, 3), 
 the Linth-Escher School; then, on the right, the Post Office and the 
 Credit- Anstalt (PI. F,3); on the left the Centralhof, a block of houses 
 with tempting shops, and the Kappeler Hof; and on the right the 
 Zurich. Cantonal Bank and the Exchange (PI. E, 3). The Stadthaus- 
 Platz, which is adorned with flower-beds and shrubs, is adjoined by 
 a Terrace on the lake (PI. E, 4), commanding a beautiful view; to 
 the right is the steamboat-quay, to the left, a bathing-establishment
 
 Polytechnic. ZURICH. /. Route 13. 35 
 
 (p. 33). — The broad *Alpen-Quai, with its pleasant promenades and 
 fine views of the lake and the Alps, skirts the lake to the right as far 
 as the new *Belvoir Park to the S. of the suburb of Enge (p. 33 ). 
 
 To the E. from the Stadthaus-Platz the handsome Quaibracke 
 (PL E, 4; 180 yds. long), constructed in 1882-83, crosses the 
 Limmat near its issue from the lake. Below the bridge, on the left 
 bank of the Limmat, is the Bauschanze, a small pentagonal island, 
 shaded with trees, and connected with the bank by a bridge. On 
 the right bank of the lake also new promenades, with charming views, 
 extend past the Tonhalle (p. 33) and the handsome new Theatre 
 (PL D, 5) as far as the new harbour of Riesbach and the park of 
 Zilrichhorn (p. 33). 
 
 Going straight on from the Quaibriicke, we ascend the Rami- 
 Stbasse (PL E-H, 5,6), then turn to the right to the Hohe 
 Promenade (PL E, 5,6), a loftily situated avenue of lime-trees. 
 Beautiful view (best by morning -light) from the plattform with 
 the Monument of Ndgeli (d, 1836), a favourite vocal composer, — 
 From the N. end of the Hohe Promenade a road passing the N. side 
 of the Old Cemetery rejoms the Rami-Strasse, where in the Kantons- 
 schulplatz (to the left) is the marble monument of Jgnaz Heim 
 (d. 1883), the composer. The street ascends to the Cantonal School 
 (PL G, 6), and then bends to the N. To the left is the Physical and 
 Physiological Institute of the University, to the right are the Cantonal 
 Hospital(Pl. H,6), beyond itthe Physical Institute oitheVolytechnic, 
 the School of Forestry and Agriculture, and the Chemical Laboratory 
 (PL J, 5). 
 
 The handsome *Polytechnic (PL H, 5), to the left, designed by 
 G. Semper (d, 1879), and erected in 1861-64, is the seat of the 
 University of Zurich (founded in 1832; 600 students, 88 professors 
 and lecturers) and of the federal Polytechnic School (800 students, 
 107 professors and lecturers). 
 
 The Main Entkaxce is on the W, side. In the vestibule and on the 
 staircase are busts of Kopp and Bolley, the chemists. On the ground- 
 floor are the Archaeological Collection (casts, Greek vases, 'Terracottas from 
 Tanagra, etc.; Sun. 10-12. Tues. and Frid. 2-4). On the First Flooe are 
 busts of 0. Semper (see above) and C. Culmann (d. 1?61), the engineer, and 
 the Mineralogical and Palaeontological Collection. On the second floor are 
 the Zoological Collection (Thurs. 8-12 and 2-6) and the Aula, handsomely 
 decorated, with mythological ceiling -paintings by Bin of Paris and a 
 marble bust of Orelli (d. 1849), the celebrated philologist, by Meili. 
 Splendid view from the balcony. The custodian, who opens the Aula, 
 conducts visitors also to the Tekeace on the top of the building, which 
 commands the best survey of the town and its beautiful environs. 
 
 The Collection of Engineering is shown only to professional engineers. 
 The Mechanical and Technical Collection is open daily, 8-12 and 2-6 (adm. 
 50 c.); the Sempei' Museum (in the Architectural School) on Mon., Wed., 
 & Sat. 2 4 (gratis). 
 
 To the S. is an Asylum for the Blind and Dumb ; lower down 
 to the left, the Kunstgebaude ('Kunstler-Gutli' ; PL G, 5), contain- 
 ing the Picture Gallery of the Artists' Union (open on Sat. 2-4, 
 Sun. 10-12, free ; at other times, 50 c). 
 
 3*
 
 36 /. Route 13. ZURICH. Town Library. 
 
 Pictures by the older Zurich artists (chiefly portraits) : 17. Aspe)\ J. 
 Ammann., S. Hofmann, K. Meyer, and others. Millenet, Return of the Zii- 
 richers from the hattle of Tattwyl-, Angelica Eauffmann, Winckelmann ; 
 Fiissly, Portrait of Bodmer; L. Hess, Landscapes; iSchetichzer, The Fuscher- 
 thal; Deschwanden, The Maries at the Sepulchre; Steffan, Mountain tor- 
 rent; Boschard, Scenes from the history of Zurich; Koller, The Engel- 
 berger Thai, Midday repose, Autumn evening; Holzhalb , The Wetter- 
 horn; Diday, At the Handeck, Scene in the Valais; Veillon, Evening on 
 the Lake of Lucerne; Girardet, The sick child; Anker, Pestalozzi; Groh., 
 The artist on his travels; Frdhlicher, Forest scene in Upper Bavaria; Tobler^ 
 Wedding in the Amperthal; Corrodi, Uncle and nieces ; Eug. Girardel, 
 Halt in the desert ; Stilckelberg, Charcoal-burner in the Jura ; Btichser, 
 Italian pastoral scene; "Bocklin, Spring; Baade., Sea-pieces; Rigaud, Por- 
 traits ; Tisclibein, Portrait of Bodmer ; Marie Ellenrieder, Portrait. 
 
 We descend to the lower town either from the Kunstgehaude 
 hy steep streets, or (preferable) by the cable-tramway (p. 33) from 
 the N.E. side of the Polytechnic, and turn to the left along the 
 Limmat-Quai. At the Markibrucke (PI. G, 4) we see on our left 
 the Rathhaus (PL F, G, 4), a massive building of 1699, on our right 
 the handsome FLeischhalle, or meat-market (PI. G, 4), and opposite 
 to it the Lese-Museum (introduction by a member required). 
 
 Crossing the Rathhaus-Quai on which is the Ruden, restored in 
 the German Renaissance style, containing the Swiss educational 
 exhibition and the Pestalozzi cabinet, we next come to the Miinster- 
 brilcke (VI. F, 4). Adjoining the bridge on the left is an open 
 vestibule leading to the Town Library, established in an old church 
 (1479), known as the Wasserkirche. It contains 130,000 vols, and 
 many valuable MSS. (open on week-days 9-12 and 4-6 ; fee 50 c, 
 for a party 1 fr.). 
 
 A letter of Zwingli (see below) to his v^^ife •, Zwingli's Greek Bible with 
 Hebrew annotations in his ov\'n handwriting ; autograph letter of ZTewry /F. 
 of France and a cast of his features ; three autograph Latin letters of Lady 
 Jane Grey to Antistes BuUinger ; letter of Frederick the Great, dated 1784, 
 to Prof. Miiller; Portraits of burgomasters and scholars of Ziirich, includ- 
 ing Zwingli; marble bust of Lavater by Dannecker; marble bust of Pesta- 
 lozzi by Imhof; eight panes of stained glass of 1506. "2Iiiller''s Relief of part 
 of Switzerland, and one of the Engelberger Thai on a much larger scale, 
 are executed with great care and accuracy. 
 
 The Helmhaus, adjoining the Wasserkirche, contains the *Anti- 
 quarian Museum (adm. daily, 8-12 and 2-6, fee 50 c, "Wed. after- 
 noon free), including a large and excellent collection of relics from 
 the ancient Swiss lake-villages, coins, etc. — On the quay to the S. 
 of the Wasserkirche is a bronze Statue of Zwingli, who was the 
 incumbent of the Gross-Miinster from 1519 down to his death in 
 1531 (see p. 71), by Natter (1885). 
 
 The steps opposite the Miinsterbriicke lead to the Gross-Munster 
 (PI. F, 4), erected in the Romanesque style of the 11 -13th cen- 
 turies. The upper stories of the towers are Gothic, and in 1799 
 they were crowned with helmet- shaped tops with gilded flowers. 
 On the W. tower is enthroned Charlemagne with gilded crown and 
 sword, in recognition of donations made by him to the church. The 
 choir contains three large modern stained-glass windows represent- 
 ing Christ, St. Peter, and St. Paul. The church and the adjoining
 
 Botanic Garden. ZURICH. /. Route 13. 37 
 
 Cloisters, of the beginning of the 13th cent., are open daily in 
 summer from 11 to 12 (adm. 20 c, ascent of tower 30 c; sacristan, 
 Kirchgasse 13). 
 
 We now return by the Miinsterbriicke to the left bank of the 
 Limmat. On the left we pass the Frau-Munsterkirche (PI. F, 4), 
 built in the middle of the 13th cent., with a high red-roofed tower. 
 Adjacent is the Peterskirche with its massive tower and large 
 electric clock (dials 29' in diameter), where Lavater (d. 1801) 
 was pastor for twenty-three years. In the direction of the Bahn- 
 hof-Str. , is the late -Gothic Augustine Church (PI. G, 3), now 
 used by the 'Old Catholics', with two altarpieces by Deschwanden. 
 
 In the vicinity , nearly in the centre of the town , rises the 
 Lindenhof (PI. G, 3, 4), 123' above the Limmat, once a Celtic 
 settlement, and afterwards an imperial palace. A little to the N. 
 are the large House of Correction and the Orphan Asylum (PI. H,4j. 
 
 Crossing the Bahnhof-Str. and following the Pelikan-Str., we 
 reach the Botanic Garden (PI. F, 2), which is well stocked with 
 Alpine and other plants, and contains bronze busts of A. P. de Can- 
 dolle (d. 1841) and Conrad Gessner (d. 1565), and marble busts of 
 H. Zollinger, a Swiss botanist (d. in Java, 1859), and Oswald Heer 
 (d. 1883), the naturalist. In the garden rises the Katz, an old 
 bastion, forming a lofty platform planted with trees. 
 
 To the E. of the Botanic Garden a bridge crosses the Schanzen- 
 graben (the old moat) to the suburb of Selnau. Immediately to the 
 left is the Gewerbe-Museum (PI. F, 2), containing industrial collec- 
 tions (including a *Room from a patrician house of the 17th cent, 
 with tine panelling and stove) and a permanent exhibition (daily 
 8-12 and 2-5, except Mon.). Beyond it, towards the Sihl, is the 
 Uetliberg Station (PI. F, 1 ; see p. 38). 
 
 In Aussersihlj a new workmen's quarter on the left bank of the 
 Sihl, is the Military Depot of Canton Ziirich, including barracks and 
 an arsenal. The Collection of Arms in the arsenal (PI. H, J, 1 ; 
 open on week-days 8-12 and 1.30-G) contains battle-axes, hal- 
 berds, armour, flags, and cross-bows, among which last is one of the 
 many which claim to have belonged to Tell. Zwingli's Battle-axe, 
 taken by the Lucerners at Kappel (p. 71), and once kept at Lucerne, 
 was transferred hither, after the War of the Separate League in 1847, 
 and is now preserved here with his sword, coat of mail, and helmet. 
 — In the Grosse Werdstrasse in Aussersihl is the new Boman 
 Catholic Church (PI. G, 1), embellished with good stained glass 
 and altar-pioces by Balmer and Deschxvanden. 
 
 The Platzpromenade (PI. J, K, 3, 4), so called from the former 
 Scliiitzen-Platz, an avenue of fine trees, to the N. of the railway-station, 
 between tlic Sihl and Limmat, affords a cool and pleasant walk. In this 
 promenade are the new Laudcsmuscuni (in course of construction), the town 
 Aquarium (20 c.) and the simple monuments of the idyllic poet Salomon 
 Gessner (d. 1788) and the minnesinger Joh. Hadlaub. It terminates in the 
 'Platzspitz', a point of land formed by the junction of the Sihl with the 
 I.immat. A bridge crosses the Limmal to the Drahtschmiedli (PI. K, 3), a 
 
 2707'4.2
 
 38 7. Route 13. UETLIBERG. 
 
 beer-garden on the right bank; and this is also the pleasantest route to 
 the Waid (p. 33; we ascend the flight of steps, behind the Drahtschmidli, 
 to the right, to the upper road). — On the right bank of the Limmat, 
 opposite the Platzpromenade, lies the manufacturing quarter of Zurich, 
 with the extensive engine-works of Escher, Wyss. d- Co. (PI. K, 4), who 
 have built most of the steamboats that plj- on the Swiss and Italian lakes. 
 
 The Uetliberg. 
 
 Railway to the top in 1/2 hr. (fare 1st class 3 fr. 50 c, 2nd cl. 2 fr.; 
 return-ticket, 5 and 3 fr. ; family-tickets for 10 trips up and 10 down, 
 available for a year. 20 fr. ; on Sun. and holidays by certain trains 2nd cl. 
 return-ticket 2 fr,). This line, 5V'i M. long, with a maximum gradient of 7 
 in 100. is constructed in the ordinary way, but. as on the Rigi Railway, the 
 locomotives are placed behind the trains. The station is in the suburb 
 of Selnau (p. 37; PI. F, 1), not far from the Botanic Garden, on the Sihl, 
 1/4 hr. from the Central Station and 12 min. from that of Enge. 
 
 The train ("best vie-ws to the right) skirts the Sihl for a short 
 distance and crosses it to (5 min.) stat. Wiedikon (1390'), where 
 the ascent begins. At first we traverse an open slope, with a pleas- 
 ant view of Zurich and the valley of the Limmat, and then ascend 
 through wood to (17 min.) Stat. Waldegg (2040'). The train then 
 describes a long curve on the slope of the hill and reaches the termi- 
 nus. About 5 min. above the station is the large *H6t.-Pens.JJetliberg 
 (R. & A. 3-5, B. 11/4, D. 4 fr.), and 3 min. higher, at the top of the 
 hill, is the Restaurant JJto-Kulm. Pleasant shady walks in the 
 woods near the hotel. On the S. side, about 1/4 ^^- from the top, is 
 the Hotel TJto-Staffel (pens. 5 fr.). 
 
 The *Uetliherg (2865'), the northernmost point of the Albis 
 range, is the finest point in the environs of Zurich. The view, 
 though inferior in grandeur to those from heights nearer the Alps, 
 surpasses them in beauty. It embraces the Lake of Ziirich and the 
 valley of the Limmat; the Alps from the Sentis to the Jungfrau and 
 the Stockhorn on the Lake of Thun, with the Rigi and Pilatus in the 
 foreground; to the W. the Jura, from the Chasseral on the Lake of 
 Bienne to its spurs near Aarau, over which appear some of the 
 Vosges Mts. ; farther N. are the Feldberg and Belchen in the Black 
 Forest, and the volcanic peaks of the Hohgau, Hohentwiel, Hohen- 
 howen, and Hohenstoffeln. Baden with its old castle (p. 19) is also 
 prominent. Good panorama by Keller. — On the Uto-Kulm is a 
 marble obelisk with a bust of the Ziirich statesman Jakob Dubs 
 (d. 1879). 
 
 Walk to the Uetlibekg f2 hrs.). The road leads from the Parade- 
 Platz (PI. F, 3) via the Bleicher-Weg, the Beder-Strasse. and the Uto- 
 Strasse. After 1 M. we cross the Sihl, turn to the left via the Sihl-Strasse 
 and Albis-Strasse, and reach (3/4 M.) the Albisgiltli (tavern; cab to this 
 point 2-3 fr.). We now turn to the right and ascend by a well-trodden 
 path winding somewhat steeply up the valley, to the H6tel Uto- Staff el 
 (see above), on the brow of the hill, where a view of the Rigi, Pilatas, 
 and the Bernese Alps is disclosed. To the summit 20 min. more. 
 
 Fkom the Uetlibeeg to the Albis-Hochwacht, a beautiful walk of 
 3 hrs., ascending and descending on the Albis range, and chiefly through 
 wood. A few minutes' walk beyond the Hotel Uto-Staffel (see above) we 
 keep to the right where the path divides (finger-post), and follow a tolerable
 
 
 k 
 
 -t^^i'-^-^tgj-. - 
 
 t^^^tJ^^nj'' ' ^^ iou '--^^ ^^"''A ""i 
 
 o
 
 LAKE OF ZURICH. /. Route 14. 39 
 
 road, skirting the crest of the mountain. Fine view from the Feltenegg 
 (Restaurant; finger-post). To the left is the ravine of the Sihl, beyond it 
 the blue lake with its thousand glittering dwellings, to the right the pretty 
 Tiirler See, and farther distant a fertile hilly tract, with the Alps towering 
 in the distance. — 272 hrs. Oher-Alhis (2600'; Inn). Beautiful view from 
 the Alhis - Ilochwacht or Schnabel (2835'J, V2 hr. to the S.; still more ex- 
 tensive from the Albishorn (3010'), '/a hr. farther. From the Hochwacht a 
 good forest-path leads to the E. (finger-post) to the forester s house of Untev- 
 Sihlioald (good quarters), on the Sihl, whence we may reach Ziirich by the 
 Sihlthal Line in 3/4 hr. ; while to the W. a road leads past the small Tiirler 
 See to (3 M.) Hansen (p. 71). 
 
 SiiiLTiiAL Railway from Zurich to Sihlwald, 81/2 M. in 'A hr., via ^rf- 
 lisioil and Lanffnau-Oatiikon. Near the station ol Gontenbach O/il"". by rail) 
 is the Langmberg, a park IV2M. in length, belonging to the town of Zurich 
 and stocked with deer, chamois, etc. (Restaurant). 
 
 14. From Ziirich to Coire. Lakes of Zurich and 
 Walenstadt. 
 
 Comp. Maps^ pp. 52, 60. 
 
 Steamboat on the right (X.) bank to Rapperswil 7 times daily in 
 2V4 hrs. (2 fr. 50 or 1 fr. 80 c). Smaller steamers ply between the N. and 
 S. banks. From Rapperswil to Schmerikon, thrice daily in 1 hr. 10 min. 
 — An excursion -steamer starts on San. in summer (except in very bad 
 weather) from the Tonhalle at 10 a.m., skirts the right bank to a point 
 opposite Miinnedorf, and returns by the left bank, without halting, reach- 
 ing Zurich about noon (fare 2 fr.). 
 
 Railway to Coire (79 M.) by Wallisellen, Rapperswil, Weesen, and Sar- 
 gans in 83/4-43/4 hrs. (12 fr. 45, 8fr. 75, 6fr. 25 c.). The train does not ap- 
 proach the Lake of Zurich till it reaches Rapperswil. — Railway on the 
 Left (S.) Bank from Zurich to Richtersweil and Glarus : to Zieeielbriicke 
 (p. 43, junction for Weesen) 36 M., in I1/2-2 hrs. (6 fr. 5, 4fr. 25, 3fr. 5c.) ; 
 to Glarus, 43 3L, in 2-2V2 hrs. (7 fr. 20, 5 fr. 5, 3 fr. 60 c). Comp. R. 19. 
 
 The*LakeofZurich(1340'),25M.long, 27-2 M. broad at its widest 
 part, and 470' deep, is fed by the Linih and drained by the Limmat. 
 Its scenery , though with no pretension to grandeur , is scarcely 
 equalled in beauty by that of any other Swiss lake. The banks rise 
 in gentle slopes, at the base of which are meadows and arable land ; 
 above these is a belt of vineyards and orchards, and on the E. side 
 the hills, here about 2500' high, are wooded. Being sprinkled for 
 a long distance with houses, villages, and manufactories, the banks 
 are sometimes not unaptly termed the suburbs of Zurich. In the 
 background rises a long chain of snow-clad Alps (see p. 34). 
 
 i. Steamboat Journey. — The first station on the right bank 
 (to the left when coming from Zurich) is Neumunster, a suburb of 
 Ziirich, with a handsome church loftily situated. On the right rises 
 the long ridge of the Albis ; before us in the distance tower the Alps 
 of Uri and Glarus. Then ZoUikorij Goldbach, and (V2lir. from Ziirich) 
 Kiisnacht (*Soiine), with a seminary for teachers. 
 
 Erlenbach (Pension Seehof), beautifully situated. Between Herr- 
 liberg and Thalweil is the deepest part of the lake (470'). Stations 
 Feldmeilen and Meilen (Lowe; Sonne), a large village with an old 
 church.
 
 40 I. Route U. RAPPERSWIL. From Zurich 
 
 The Pfannenstiel (OkensJidhe, 2418'), to whicli a good path ascends from 
 Meilen in 1 hr., affords a charming view of the lakes of Zurich and Greifen 
 and of the Alps from Sentis to Pilatus (panorama by Keller). Monument to 
 L. Oken (d. 1^51), a famous naturalist, and refreshment-pavilion at the top. 
 
 SxEAJruoAT from Meilen to Horgen (p. 41) direct or via Feldmeilen 
 8-10 times daily in 12-15 min. 
 
 At Obermeilen (Hirsch) the first discovery of lake-dwellings was 
 made in 1854. Stations JJetikon (Krone), il/anncdor/'(Wilder Mann), 
 and Stafa (pop. 3845; Sonne ; Rossli ; Restaur, zum Seethal, with 
 garden), the largest village on the N. bank. — Steamboat toWadens- 
 weil and Richtersweil see p. 41. 
 
 The lake now attains its greatest breadth (2Y2M.). To the E., in 
 the background, rises the Speer (p. 44); to the left of it the Sentis, 
 beyond which tower the Toggenburg Mts. ; to the right, above the 
 lake, the wooded HoJie Rhonen (4040'). Stations KehUiof, Verikon, 
 Schirmensee (Rossli). On the right are the small islands of Liitzelau 
 and Ufnau, in front of the wooded Etzel. 
 
 Ufnau, the property of the abbey of Einsiedeln, contains a farm-house, 
 and a church and chapel consecrated in 1141. Ulrich von Hulten^ the re- 
 former, one of the boldest and most independent men of his time, sought 
 refuge here when pursued by his enemies in 1523, and died a fortnight 
 after his arrival, at the age of 36. His remains repose in the little church- 
 yard, but the exact spot is unknown. 
 
 Rapperswil (pop. 2789; *Swan, on the lake, R. 1V2-2, pens. 
 6-7 fr,; *H6tel du Lac, R., L., & A. 31/2 fr. ; Paste, at the station, 
 with garden ; *Freihof), a picturesquely situated town, lies at the 
 foot of the Lindenhof, a hill planted with limes (fine view), on which 
 rises a black marble column with the Polish eagle, erected in memory 
 of the beginning of the hundred years' struggle of the Poles for 
 independence. The old Schloss, restored in 1871, contains the Pol- 
 ish National Museum, founded by Count R. Plater (adm. 1 fr. ; 
 splendid view from the tower). TYie Parish Church, re-erected since 
 a fire in 1881, contains valuable sacred vessels. At the foot of the 
 Lindenhof on the lake are public gardens, to which also a flight of 
 steps leads down from the Schloss. 
 
 In 1878 the old wooden bridge connecting Rapperswil with Burden and 
 Pfaffikon was replaced by the Seedamm, a viaduct 1024 yds. in length and 
 12 yds. in width. Xear the X. end are two iron bridges, each 471/2 yds. long, 
 and near the S. end a third, 95 yds. in length. There are also twenty other 
 openings , each 10 yds. wide, and a swing-bridge 151/2 yds. long , for the 
 passage of vessels. 'The Railway (from Rapperswil to Pfaffikon, 3 M., in 
 10 min.), the high-road, and a footway protected by a railing, cross the 
 lake by means of this embankment. A walk upon it is recommended for 
 the sake of the view. About 20 yds. below it, near the S. bank, rises the 
 Dreilanderstein, an obelisk 33' in height, marking the convergence of the 
 boundaries of the cantons of Ziirich, Schwyz, and St. Gallen, and bearing 
 the arms of each. 
 
 The upper part of the lake is grander and less thickly peopled 
 than the lower. The mountains of Appenzell and Glarus form the 
 background; while in the extreme distance appear the Toggen- 
 burg Mts. The steamer starts from the N.E. extremity of the See- 
 damm and approaches the S. bank. To the right is the Etzel (p. 98). 
 On the slope above the station of AltendorfMe the pilgrimage-chapel
 
 to Coire. WADENSWEIL. I. Route 14. 41 
 
 of /Sf.Jo/jann (1655'), and the Johannishurg Restaurant (t^bus.^ 4-5 fr. 
 per day), witli a fine view. In about 25 min, after leaving Rappers- 
 wil, the steamer reaches the considerable village of Lachen (1350'; 
 *Ochs, moderate) , and beyond the marshy promontory formed by 
 the Wciggithaler Aa, It touches at the little Bad Nuolen, at the "W. 
 base of the Untere Buchberg (1975'). It now steers across the lake 
 to Bollingen, on the N. bank, with large quarries, and to (1 hr. 10 min. 
 from Rapperswil) Schmerikon (*Rdssli; Seehof; Adler) , situated 
 at the upper end of the lake, near the mouth of the Linth (p. 43). 
 
 ii. Railway on the Left (S.) Bank from Ziirich to Ziegelbriicke 
 (and Glarns). 
 
 The train describes a wide curve round the town , crossing the 
 Sihl twice, passes under the Uetliberg line, and at (3 M.) Enge 
 (p. 32) approaches the lake, which it skirts all the way to Lachen, 
 affording beautiful views to the left. 31/2 M« Wollishofen, a pretty 
 village; 01/2 M. Bendlikon-Kilchberg, the latter situated on the hill 
 above. Above (7 M.) Riischlikonia the rustic Nidelbadli M. by road), 
 with a chalybeate spring and pleasant walks. — 8 M. Thalweil 
 (^Adler, near the church, moderate), a large village, charmingly 
 situated. *View of the lake from the church, or better from the 
 tower. — 9Y4M. Oberrieden; 10'/2^1- BEorgen (pop. bold ; Schwan ; 
 Lowe; Schutzenhaus, a cafe' on the lake), with handsome houses 
 chiefly belonging to silk-manufacturers, pleasantly situated amidst 
 vineyards and orchards. 
 
 Steamboat to Meilen (p. 39) 8-10 times daily in 12-15 min., to Kiiss- 
 nachi 7-9 times daily in 40-60 min. — IV2 31. above Horgen is the Kur- 
 liaiis Bocken (p. 73). ^'Zimmerberff (1 hr.) see p. 73. To Zug diligence daily 
 in 2V2 hrs., see p. 97. 
 
 Near (13 M.) Au the peninsula of that name, with its orchards 
 and meadows, projects far into the lake (Hot. -Pens. Au, 5 fr.). — 
 151/2 M. Wadensweil (1348'; pop. 6346; *Engel, facing the quay, 
 R. IV2-21 2> jB. 1, pens. 5 fr. ; Hot. du Lac) is the largest village 
 on the lake. 
 
 Railway to Einsiedeln .see R. 29; diligence twice daily in 13/4 hr. via. 
 ScMnenberg to HUtten (p. 97). 
 
 171/2 M- Eichtersweil (pop. 3881; "^Drei Konlge, or Post ; 
 *Engel'), another thriving village, prettily situated. 
 
 Steamboat from Eichtersweil via Wadensweil to Stdfa (p. 40) 12 
 times daily in 80-45 min.; to Mdnnedorf (p. 40) 10-12 times daily in 
 27-50 min. 
 
 The lake attains its greatest width here (see p. 40). Towards the 
 E. rise the mountains of the Toggenburg and Appenzell. To the 
 left , farther on , are the islands of JJfnau and Liitzelau (p. 40). 
 21 M. Pfciffikon (Hot. Ilofe); railway across the lake 10 Rapperswil, 
 see p. 40; railway via WoUerau to Samstagern (Einsiedeln, etc.), 
 see p. 97. At (25 M.) Lachen (see above) the train quits the lake, 
 and near (27'/2 M.) Siebnen-Wanyen it crosses the Wdygithaler Aa. 
 
 Wfiggithal. The road from Siebnen ('Rabe) follows first 'the left and 
 then the right bank of the deep channel of the Aa to (4 M.) Vorder-
 
 42 I. Route 14. USTER. From Zurich 
 
 Wdggithal (2400'; *Rossli, plain), pleasantly situated in a green basin. 
 It then leads throuah the defile of Stockerli, between the Grosse Auherg 
 (5585') on the right and the Gugelbevg (3780') on the left, to (4 M.) Hinter- 
 Waggithal, or Innerthal (38(X)' ; *Schdfli^ unpretending). Pleasant excursions 
 to the Au (20 min.'i; E. to the Fldschenlochquelle (^4 hr.); to the Aaberli- 
 Alp (3515'). ',2 hr.; Hohfldschen-Alp (4725'), IV2 hr. — The Grosse Auberg 
 (5585'), ascended by the Bdrlaui-Alp in 3 lirs.. and the Fluhberg, or Diethelm 
 (6878'). by the Fldschli-Alp in 4 hrs., are good points of view and present 
 no difficulty (guide desirable). — From Innerthal to the Klonthal a pleasant 
 route (to Richisau 4 hrs. ; guide advisable). Skirting the Aahach. the path 
 ascends, past the Aabern-Alp (3565'), to the (2 hrs.) Schweino/p Pass (5150'), 
 and then descends by the Briisch-Alp and the Schicein-Alp to (2 hrs.) 
 Richisau (p. 66). 
 
 We now traverse a somewhat marshy plain to (31 M.) Reichen- 
 burg. On the right rise the Glarns Mts., on the left the IJntere and 
 Ohere Buchberg (p. 43). and above them the Speer (p. 44). 341/0 M. 
 Bilten (Hirsch) ; in the 'Herrenstube' is a handsome apartment with 
 artistic wood-carving of the 17th century. We cross the Linth Canal 
 (p. 48) to the Rapperswil and Coire railway at (36 M.) Ziegelbriicke 
 (p. 43). Thence to (43 M.) Glarus, see p. 59. 
 
 iii. Railway from Zurich to Rapperswil, Weesen, and Sargans. 
 
 From Zurich to (6 M.) WalliseUen, p. 46. The line traverses a 
 flat district, near the right bank of the Glatt, which flows out of 
 the neighbouring Greifensee (1440'). Stations Diibendorf, Schwer- 
 zenbach, and Ndnikon. — 14 M. Uster (1530': TJsterhof; Stem; 
 Kreuz), a large manufacturing village (7042 inhah.). On the right 
 is the church with its pointed spire, and the loftily situated old 
 castle with its massive tower, now the seat of the district court 
 (Restaurant; fine view). In the vicinity are several large cotton- 
 mills, driven by the Aa, a brook near the railway. Beyond (16 M.) 
 Aathal the Alps of Glarus and Schwyz form the S. background. 
 From (18 M.) Wetzikon (Schweizerhof) branch-lines diverge to the 
 N.W. to Pfdffikon and Effretikon (p. 46), and to the S.E. (in 
 10 min.) to Hinweil (Hirsch; Kreuz), at the N.W. base of the 
 Bachtel (see below). Near (21 M.) Bubikon (Lowe, plain) the line 
 attains its highest level (1800'). 22^/2 ^I- -Ku^i, with a former Prse- 
 monstratensian abbey, is the junction of the Tossthal Line (p. 47). 
 
 The Bachtel (3670' : ■■Jnn)^ 2 hrs. to the N.E. of Kuti, commands a fine view 
 to the N.W. over the district of Uster, sprinkled with factories, and the lakes 
 of Greifen and Pfaffikon; to the S. the Lake of Zurich from Wadensweil 
 to the Linth Canal, the Linth Valley as far as the bridge of Mollis, and the 
 Alps from the Sentis to the Bernese Oberland. Consult Keller's Panorama^ 
 at the inn. From Wald (p. 47; in 1/4 hr. from Riiti by rail), and from 
 Einweil (see above; small carriage to the top 7fr.), good paths lead to 
 the summit in IV2 hr. 
 
 Beyond a tunnel the train descends , chiefly through wood. 
 Near Jona (.Schliissel), a pretty village almost adjoining Rappers- 
 wil, we descry the Alps of Schwyz to the S., and farther on, the 
 Miirtschenstock, Schaniser Berg, Speer, and Sentis on the left. 
 
 27 M. Rapperswil, see p. 40. The station on the lake, near 
 the steamboat-pier, is a terminus , from which the train backs out
 
 to Coire. WEESEN. I. Route 14. 43 
 
 on its departure. (Brancli-line to Pfdffikon, see p. 41.) Views 
 to the right as far as Weesen. The line crosses the Jona, pass- 
 es the nunnery of Wurmspaeh on the right, and returns to the 
 bank of the lake near Bollingen (p. 41). 
 
 34 M. Schmerikon, see p. 41. We now enter a broad valley 
 traversed by the Linth (see below), which falls into the lake here. 
 To the right, on the N.E. spur of the Untere Buchberg (p. 41). 
 stands the ancient Sehloss Grynau, with a frowning square tower. 
 
 36 M, TJtznach, a manufacturing village (1378'; *0ch3; Falke), 
 lies on a hill to the left, surmounted by the church. (Diligence to 
 Wattwyl 4 times daily in 2^4 hrs., p. 58.) To the left, on the hill, 
 the monastery of Sion (2317'). 36i/2 M. Kaltbrunn-Benken. The 
 wooded range on the right is the Obere Buchberg (2020'). 
 
 A carriage-road leads from the station of Kaltbrunn-Benken or Utznach 
 to (3 M.) Rieden (2360'; Inn d- Kurhaus zumRossli, moderate), a health-resort, 
 commanding charming views. Excursions may be made thence to the top 
 of the Speer (p. 44), in 3V'.; hrs. ; via Alp Breitenau to (2 hrs.) Ebnat-Kappel 
 (p. 58); etc. 
 
 Beyond (39^2 M.) Schanis (1450'; *Hirsch; Lowe'), another in- 
 dustrial place, the ancient frontier of Rhaetia, we approach the Linth 
 Canal, constructed in 1807-22 by Konrad Escher of Ziirich, con- 
 necting the Lake of Ziirich with the Walensee, and, in conjunction 
 ■with the Escher Canal, draining a once dismal and swampy region. 
 The canal runs parallel with the railway at the foot of the Schdniser 
 Berg (5470') ; to the right a striking view of the Valley of Glarus 
 with its snow-mountains. 
 
 On the opposite bank of the Linth Canal is the Linth- 
 Colonie, originally a colony of poor people, now an agricultural 
 institution. 4272 ^1- Ziegelbrilcke (Hotel Berger) is the junction 
 of the Glarus line, which soon diverges to the right (p. 59). The 
 Weesen line passes through a cutting and rounds the Biberlikopf 
 (see below), the extreme spur of the Schiiniser Berg. To the right 
 tower the Wiggis and the Glarnisch (pp. 59, 66). 
 
 451/2^. Weesen. — Hotels. "Hotel Speer. at the station, V3M. 
 from thelake, R., L., & A. 23/4, B. H/i, S. 2V4, pens. 5-6 fr. ; * Hotel Maria- 
 HALDEN, with fine view; *Schwert, prettily situated on the lake, R. 2, 
 pens. 6 fr. ; 'Rossli, pens. 4-41/2 fr. Various less pretending inns in the 
 ''Fli/\ the quarter of the village extending along the lake, with numerous 
 gardens. — Rail. Restaurant. — Emjlish Church Service in summer. 
 
 Weesen (1410'), a favourite summer-resort, lies in a sheltered 
 situation at the W. end of the Walensee. The Klosterberg yields 
 good wine. 
 
 Excursions. Shady paths ascend from the Fly to the (20 Min.) Kapfen- 
 berg, which affords a charming survey. — Pleasant walk (from the station 
 3'4 hr., or from stat. Ziegelbrucke 20 min.) to the top of the Biberlikopf 
 (1895'); fine view of the Walensee and of the Linththal up to "Netstall and 
 down to the Bnchberg. — A very attractive excursion may he made by 
 boat across the lake to (3/4 hr.) the hamlet of Betlis, jprettily situated beside 
 the ruin of Strahlegg at the foot of the Leistkamm. Fine view of Muhle- 
 horn, the Murtschenstock, etc. From Betlis, we may walk to the ruined 
 Serenmiihle and the Falls of the Serenbach (see below), or we may ascend 
 to (1 hr.) Amden.
 
 44 /. Route 14. W.ALENSEE. From Zurich 
 
 A new road witli fine views of the lake, but destitute of sbade, ascends 
 from Weesen to (IV4 tr.) Amden or Amnion (2875'; Eirsch)^ loftily situated 
 on sunny pastures. Most beautiful view at a small ruined chapel to the 
 right of the road, V* ^^' from Weesen, — From Amden to the top of the 
 Leistkamm (6890'), 81/2 hrs., with guide (Thoma of Amden), interesting and 
 not difficult. — From Amden to Starkenbach or Stein in the Toggenburg 
 (p. 58) over the Amdener Berg (5055'), a route of 5 hrs., with beautiful 
 views, but fatiguing on account of the stone pavement. 
 
 The *Speer (6417'), an admirable point of view, 41/2-5 hrs. (guide unne- 
 cessary for experts). At the church we turn to the left, and ascend for 
 the first 1/2 br. over rough pavement of conglomerate (pleasant retrospects 
 of the lake). Then a steep ascent through woods and meadows; 2 hrs. 
 Untere Butz-Alp (3563'); ^|^hv. Unier-Easern Alp [iSST) -, 1 hr. Ober-Kdsern 
 Alp (5404'; *Inn Zum Hohen Speer). Thence to the top a steep ascent of 
 3/4 hr. more. Beautiful view, especially of E. and ^'.E. Switzerland. From 
 Ebnat or Nesslau (p. 58) the Speer is easily ascended in 31/2-4 hrs. 
 
 The *Walensee, or Lake of Walenstadt (1395'), 91/4 M. long, 
 11/4 M. wide, and 495' deep, is hardly inferior to the Lake of 
 Lucerne in mountainous grandeur. The N. bank consists of 
 almost perpendicular precipices, 2000' to 3000' high, ahove which 
 rise the barren peaks of the seven Curfirsten (^Leistkamm 6890', 
 Selun72A0', Fmmsei 7434', BWsi 7477', Zustoll 733(j' , Scheiben- 
 stoU 7556', and Hinterruck 7523'). The hamlet of Quinten alone has 
 found a site on the N. bank. On the S. bank also the rocks, pierced 
 by nine tunnels, are very precipitous at places. At the mouths of the 
 email torrents which descend from the Milrtschenstock (8012'), lie 
 several villages. The names of the hamlets, Primsch, Gunz, Terzen, 
 Quarten, Quinten, and that of the lake itself, indicate that the in- 
 habitants are of Rhstian or Latin, and not Germanic origin. 
 
 Beyond Weesen we cross the Linth Canal (to the right the 
 Glarus line, see R. 19), and farther on the Escher Canal (p. 59) 
 near its influx into the Walensee, and pass through two tunnels 
 ■with apertures in the side next the lake. Beyond them we observe 
 the Bayerbach waterfall on the opposite bank, and the village of 
 Amden on the hill above ; then the falls of the Serenbach, which 
 sometimes disappear in summer. Three more tunnels, between which 
 •we obtain pleasant glimpes of the lake and the waterfalls and pre- 
 cipices opposite. 50 M. MuMehorn {Zur Miihle, Tellsplatte, both un- 
 pretending). To the right rises the bald Milrtschenstock (p. 45). 
 
 Feom Muhlehoen to Mollis (81/2 M.), an interesting walk. Tlie road 
 leads over the Kerenzenberg by the favourite summer-resorts (2V2 M.) 
 Obstalden (2237'; 'Hirsch, with shady garden, pens. 51/2-61/2 fr. ; "Stern) and 
 (I1/4 M.) Filzbach (2336'; *i2o5sK),a village near the highest part of the route, 
 whence the Aliirtschenstock (see p. 45) may be ascended via the Meerenalp 
 in 6 hrs., with guide. (By the Flaitenalp to Glarus, see p. (il.) From a 
 rock on the right (good path in 10 min.), about 3/4 M. farther on, we enjoy 
 an admirable *View of the Walensee, the Seezthal Mts., the valley of the 
 Linth Canal, bounded on the left by the Hirzli (5387'), and the valleys of 
 Glarus with the Wiggis and Glarnisch. Much of our route now passes 
 through wood. Near (3 M.) Beglingen Ave get a glimpse of the snow-fields 
 of the Todi. and then descend in windings (avoided by short-cuts) to (1 M.) 
 Mollis (p. 59). — A fine new road (recommended to pedestrians) leads from 
 Miihlehorn via {^U M.) Tiefenwinkel (brewery) and (IV2 M.) Murg to (2 BI.) 
 Unterterzen and (31/2 M.) Walenstadt. 
 
 Two more tunnels (to the left, Quinten, see above).
 
 to Coire. MURG. /. Route 14. 45 
 
 51 M. Murg {*ScMffti, *Rossli, pens, at both 4 fr. ; Kreuz , all 
 rustic), charmingly situated at the narrow mouth of the Murgthal, 
 with factories and spinning-mills. 
 
 A visit to the 'Murgthal, a valley 10 M. long, ia recommended (guide 
 unnecessary). The path ascends rapidly, past the Rossli, as far as (20 min.) 
 a ''Waterfall below a bridge, which we do not cross (or we may cross 
 the bridge and return to Murg by the pleasant path on the other side). In 
 20 min. more we reach another bridge, and cross it. After a steep ascent 
 of 3/4 hr. on the left bank the path returns to the Murg and crosses it by 
 a third bridge at the (V2 hr.) beginning of the Merlenalp (3640'). It then 
 ascends a pleasant valley, through meadows and wood, to the (2y2 hr?.) 
 three Mttrgseen (5490', 5955', and 5980'). From the highest lake the 'Roth- 
 thor (8250') may be ascended in 2 hrs. (guide desirable-, the fisherman 
 or a herdsman); striking view (W. the Glarnisch, S.W. the Todi, S.E. the 
 Calanda, E. the Scesaplana, N. the Sentis and Curfirsten, N.W. the hill- 
 countrv of Ziirich). — From the highest lake a rough path crosses the 
 Widerstein-Furkel (6607') to the Milhlebachthal and (21/2 hrs.) Engi in the 
 Sernfthal (p. 07); another (guide required) leads over the Murgsee-Furkel 
 (6570') to the Murtschenalp (6060'), past the Miii'tsch en stock and Fronalp- 
 stock, to the Heuhoden-Alp (p. 60) and (5 hrs.) Glarus. — Ascent of the 
 Miirtschenstock (8012') from the Miirtschenalp in 2 hrs,, laborious, fit for 
 experts only, with guide ; magnificent view. 
 
 Beyond Murg another tunnel ; above, to the right, the village of 
 Quarten (1760'} with a new church (*Kurhaus Quarten, with hydro- 
 pathic, prettily situated about 1 M. from Unterterzen ; pens, from 
 4fr.). 5372 M^- Unterterzen (Freieck; Zur Blumenau). On the 
 steep rocks of the opposite bank several waterfalls are visible ; to 
 the right , the village of Mols. Then a tunnel and a bridge across 
 the Seez Canal. 
 
 56 M. Walenstadt (1395'; *H6tel Churfirsten , at the station, 
 K. & A. 21/2 fr- ; *Hirsch, in the village, moderate) lies V2^1- from 
 the E. end of the lake (J^Jlot.-Pens. Seehof, on the lake). 
 
 ExcuEsioN (with guide) from Walenstadt by a steep path through 
 wood to the (2 hrs.) Alp Losis; then, nearly level, to the Alp Bills and (3/4 hr.) 
 the Tschingeln-Alp (5040'; milk); follow the slopes of the Curfirsten, with 
 a series of beautiful views, to the (IV4 hr.) Alp Scfiwaldis (4775') and return 
 by Alp Sclirineii (4205') to (I1/2 hr.) Walenstadt ; or proceed from Alp Schwal- 
 dis to the Sdls-Alp (46(0'), descend by the Stdfeli to the (1 hr.) Lavbegg 
 Alp (4505') and thence by a steep path, but free from danger, to (IV2 hr.) 
 Qujnfen (p. 44), whence the lake is crossed by boat to Murg. — To Amdkx 
 via the Leistkamm, 10 hrs. with guide, very attractive (comp, p. 44). — To 
 WiLDHAUS in the Toggenburg (p. 59) a rough path, with splendid views, 
 crosses the Kdserruck (7435' ; 6 hrs. ; guide necessary). 
 
 We now ascend the broad valley of the Seez. On a rock to the 
 right, the ruins of Grdplang (Romanic Crap Long'), or Langenstein ; 
 to the left, on a rocky height above Barschis^ the pilgrimage-church 
 of St. Georgen. 58 M. Fimns (1475' ; Hotel Bahnhof; Lowe). Near 
 (64 M.) Mels (1637'; Melserhof, at the station; Frohsinn') the Seez 
 descends from the Weisstannen-Thal, a valley to the S.W. 
 
 The ^Alvier (7753'), an admirable point of view, may be ascended 
 hence in 5 hrs. (guide unnecessary for adepts). The path ascends steeply from 
 the station to the right to the (3 hrs.) Alp Palfries (4850'; Kurhaus, plain), 
 traverses steep and rocky slopes, and (2V2 hrs.) roaches the summit through 
 a narrow cleft by steps cut in the rock (Club-hut, dilapidated). The 
 magnificent view embraces the Rhine Valley, the Rheetikon, and the
 
 46 /. Eouce 15. WINTERTHUE. 
 
 Vorarlberg, Appenzell, and Glarus Mts. (good panorama by Simon). Good 
 paths ascend from Flums, Sevelen, Buchs, and Triibbach (comp. p. 342). 
 From Mels to Vattis, through the Weisstannen-Thal and Kalfeuser Thai 
 (10-11 hrs.). Eoad to (8 31.) Weisstannen (3270'; Alpenhof; Gamsli). Thence 
 (with guide), bj' Unter-Lavtina (4325') and the Alp Valtusch (5940'), in 
 4 hrs. to the Heidel-Pass (7305')) between the Seezberg and the Heidelspitz 
 (7980'), where we have a fine view of the huge Sardona Glacier, the 
 Trinserhorn, and Ringelspitz. Descent into the Kalfeuser Thai, to the 
 Tamina bridge near St. Martin (4430') 2 hrs., and to Vattis (p. 346) 2 hrs. 
 more. — From Weisstannen to Elm by the Foo or Ramin Pass, see p. 68. 
 
 At (65 M.) Sargans (1590'; *E6tel Thoma, at tlie station; 
 Rail. Restaurant ; Krone, Lowe, in the town) we reacli the Rhine 
 Valley and the Rorschach and Coire line. The little town, ^/^ M. 
 to the N.W., rebuilt since a fire in ISll, lies picturesquely at the 
 foot of the Gonzen (p. 342), and is commanded by an old castle 
 (still habitable) of the former Counts of Toggenburg. 
 
 Railway from Sargans via Ragatz to (79 M.) Coire, see R. 88. 
 
 15. From Zurich to Romanshorn and Friedrichshafen 
 
 (LindoM) . 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 38, 26, 28. 
 
 Railway to Romanshorn (51 M.) in 3 hrs. (8fr. 65, 6fr. 5, 4 fr. 35 c). 
 Steamboat thence to Friedrichshafen in 1 hr. (1 Jl. 20 or 80 pf.) ; to Lin- 
 dau in IV2 hr. (2 Jl. 25 or 1 Jf,. 50 pf. ; see p. 27). 
 
 The train crosses the Sihl, ascends in a wide curve, crosses 
 the Limmat, and passes under the Kaferherg by a tunnel 1020 yds. 
 long. 3 M. Oerlikon (iM^' ; Sonne; Rail. Restaurant). 
 
 From Oeklikon to Dielsdorf, 12 M.. railway in 35 minutes. Stations 
 Glattbrugg, Riimlang, and (8V2 M.) Oberglatt, the junction for Mederglatt 
 and (41/2 M.) Biclach (p. 47). Then (IOV2 M.) Niederhasli and (12 M.) Diels- 
 dorf (1410'; Sonne; Post), the terminus of the line, I1/2 M. below the pret- 
 tily situated old town of Regensberg (2024'; "* Krone), on the E. spur of the 
 Ldgerngebirge (p. 19). Fine view from the tower of the old castle (now 
 an institution for bovs of weak intellect); still more extensive from the 
 Eochwacht (2630'), 1 hr. farther on. 
 
 The line crosses the Glatt. At (6 M.) Wallisellen (Linde) the 
 Rapperswil line diverges to the right (see p. 42). Fine view of 
 the Glarus Alps. l^/oM. Bietlikon; lOi/oM. Effreiikon (branch- 
 line to Wetzikon and Hinweil , p. 42); 13 M. Kemptthal. Near 
 Winterthur the Toss is crossed. On a hill to the left, the ruins of 
 Hoch-WUlflingen (1962'). 
 
 16 M. Winterthur (1447'; pop. 15,985; *Goldner Lowe, R.&A. 
 2i/2> D- 3Y2fr.; *Krone; *Adler; ^Rail. Restaurant^, on the Eulach, 
 is an industrial and wealthy town and an important railway-junction. 
 The handsome Stadthaus was designed by Semper. The large School 
 (with statues of Zwingli, Gessner, Pestalozzi, and Sulzer) contains 
 the town-library and a few small Roman antiquities found near 
 Ober-Winterthur (p. 31). In the Kunsthalle are some good Swiss 
 paintings. The Panorama of the Rigi near the Polytechnicum is 
 worth seeing. 
 
 From Winteethde to Waldshut, 32 M., railway in 2 hrs. The 
 line traverses the Tossthal. Stat. Toss, Wiilflingen, Ffungen-Keftenbach,
 
 FRAUENFELD. I. Route 15. 47 
 
 Enihrach-Rovbas. The train leaves the Toss and passes through a 
 tunnel (1980 yds.). IOV2 M. Biilach (1374'; Kopf; Kreuz), a small town 
 near the Glatt^ once fortified (branch-line to Oherglatt and Olelfingen, 
 p. 20). The line runs through the Hardwald to the N. to Glaitfeldeii and 
 (13'/2 M.) Eglisau;- the latter (Lowe; Hirsch) with its castle lies on the 
 right bank of the Rhine. We now follow the left bank of the Rhine and 
 cross the Glatt. Stat. Zweidlen; 19 M. Weiach-Kaiserstuhl , an old town 
 with a massive tower; on the rio;ht bank Schloss Roteln, and farther on, 
 the ruins of Weiss- Wasserstelz. Stat. Riimikon, Reckingen, Zurzach, and 
 (30 M.) Koblenz, where the Rhine is crossed to (32 M.) Waldshut (p. 28). 
 
 From Winterthur to RiJTr, 29V2M., in 2-3 hrs., by the Tossthalbahn. 
 Stations Griize and Seen. Near (5 M.) Sennhof (2b min. to the SW. of which 
 is the old chateau of Kybtirg^ commanding a fine view) we enter the pretty 
 Tbssthal. Stations Kollbrunn, Rikon, Zell, (10 M.) Turbenthal (Bar), Wyla 
 (with a picturesquely situated church), Saland, (16 M.) Bauma (Tanne), 
 all thriving industrial places. About 2V4 M. to the E. of Zell, on the slope 
 Of the Schauenberg. is the frequented Gijrenbad, with an alcaline spring (see 
 p. 48). Then Steg^ Fischentlial, Gibawi/l-Ried. From the last, situated on 
 the watershed , the Bachtel may be ascended in 1 hr. Then through the 
 picturesque valley of the Jona to (25 BI.) W&ld. ( Lowe ; Rossli), attheS.E. 
 foot of the Bachtel (p. 42). Passing the waterfall of Hohe Lauf, we join 
 the Zurich and Rapperswil line at (29V2 M.) Riiti (p. 42). 
 
 From Winterthur to Scliaffhatisen ^ see R. 12; to St. Gallen and Ror- 
 schach, see R. 16; to Constance, see R. 11. 
 
 The Romanshorn line traverses the green and fertile Thurgau. 
 20 M. Wiesendangen ; 24 M. Islikon. 
 
 26 M. Frauenfeld (1340'; pop. 6087; *Falke; *H6td Bahn- 
 hof) , on the Mury , with large cotton- factories, is the capital of 
 the Thurgau. The handsome Schloss on an ivy-clad rock is said to 
 have been built by a Count of Kyburg in the 11th century. 
 
 From Frauenfeld to Wtl, 11 M., steam-tramway in I-IV4 hr. (fares 
 1 fr. 80, 1 fr. 30 c ). Stations : Mvrkart, Mazingen, Jakobsthal, Wd7igi, Rosen- 
 thal, Miinchiceilen, and Wyl (p. 48). 
 
 29M. Fei6en. Near (32^/2 M.) Mullheim i]xe ixoin crosses the 
 Thur. 35 M. Mdrstetten; 371/2 M.Weinfelden (1463'). To the left 
 Schloss Weinfelden (1850'; view), on the vine -clad Ottenbery. 
 391/2 M. Burylen; 41 M. Suly en (ibSl' ; Helvetia; Schweizerhof). 
 
 From Sdlgen to Gossau, 141/2 M., railway in 67 min. (1 fr. 65, 1 fr. 
 15c.). The line traverses the pretty valley of the Thur. Stations Kra- 
 dolf, Sitterthal. 6 M. Bischofzell (1653'; Linde; Schwert) , a small town at 
 the confluence of the Thur and Sitter; then Hauptweil, Arnegg, Gossau 
 (see p. 4S). 
 
 Stations Erlen (Hot.Bahnhof), Arrlrisweil, and (51 M.) Romans- 
 horn (1322'; *H6tel Bodan, R., L., &A.3, B. i^/ih.; Falke; Jdger; 
 *Rail. Restaurant) , on a promontory on the Lake of Constance. 
 Thence to Friedrichshafen, or Lindau, see p. 28. 
 
 16. From Zurich to St. Gallen, Rorschach, and 
 Lindau. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 38, 52, 28. 
 
 Railway to St. GalUn (52V2M.) in 3 hrs. (8 fr. 80, 6 fr. 20, 4 fr. 40 c); 
 to Rorschach (62 M.) in 33/4 hrs (10 fr. 35, 7 fr. 45, 5 fr. 30 c). Steamboat 
 from Rorschach to Lindau in IV4 hr. il.J(. 65 or ij(. 10 pf.). 
 
 From Zurich to (16 M.) Winterthur, see p. 46. The St. Gallen
 
 48 /. Route 16. ST. GALLEN. From Zurich 
 
 railway is unattractive. The Curflrsten gradually appear to the S., 
 and the Appenzell Mts. to the S.E. — 2OV2 M. Edterschen ; 24 M. 
 ELgg (2012'; Ochs ; Lowe). To the S. (4^M.) is the Schauenberg 
 (2930'; fine view), on the S.W. slope of which lies the Gyrenbad 
 Cp. 47). Stations Aadorf (Linde), Eschlikon, Sirnach. — 341/2 M. 
 Wyl (1936'; *Hdtel Bahnhof), a pleasant old town (3507 inhah.). 
 Branch-line to Ebnat, see p. 58 ; steam-tramway to Frauenfeld^ p. 47. 
 
 The train crosses the Thur by an iron bridge, near the old 
 castle of Schwarzenbach. 391/2 M. JJtzwyl^ the station for Nieder- 
 Utzwyl on the left, and Ober- Vtzwyl on the right. (Near the 
 former, 13/^ M. from the station, is the Hydropathic oi Buchen- 
 thal.') 43 M. Flawyl (2020'; *Rdssli; Post), a large manufacturing 
 village. The Glatt is ciossei. 46 M. Gossau (Hot. Bahnhof; branch- 
 line to Sulgen, see p. 47). — 481/2M. Winkeln (Kreuz). 
 
 From Winkeln to Appenzell, 16 BI., in IV2 lir., by the narrow-gauge 
 Appenzell Railway. The line passes the Heinrichsbad (*Kurhaus, with chaly- 
 beate spring, whey-cure, etc.)- 3 M. Herisau (2550'; 12.937 inhab. ; ''Lowe., 
 B. 2V2, D. 3, pens. 7-8 fr.; Sforch), a thriving town with extensive muslin- 
 factories and a clock-tower attributed to the 7th century. 51/2 M. Waldstatt 
 f2700'; Hirsch; Pens. Sentisblick), with a chalybeate spring and whey-cure. 
 Then through the Urndsch Valley., by Ziirchersmiihle., to (9^/4 M.) Urnasch 
 (2746'; ''Krone; Schdfle). About 1/2 M. above Urnasch is the primitive apa 
 of Rosenhiigel (2892'J. Beyond Trnasch the train passes the (IIV2 31.) 
 Jacohsbad (to the E.), with its mineral spring (good quarters) and goes on 
 via (13 M.) Gonten (2970'; Bar) and (14 M.) Gontenbad (2925'), a well-managed 
 whey-cure establishment, with a chalybeate spring, to (16 M.) Appenzell 
 (p. 54). — Ascent of the Sentis from Urnasch, see p. 57. Over the Krdzern 
 Pass to Neu St. Johann, see p. 58. 
 
 We now cross the deep valley of the Sitter by an imposing iron 
 bridge, 207 yds. long, and 174' above the river. A little lower 
 down is the Krdzernbrilcke , with its two stone arches, built in 
 1810. — 50 M. Bruggen. 
 
 52V2 M. St. Gallen. —Hotels. ^'Hecht, R., L., & A. 2i/2-'4, D., inch 
 wine, 31/2 fr.; *Linde, with Cafe-Restaurant; Hot. Stiegek, R., L., & A. 
 8 fr. ; *HiESCH, R. & A. 21/2, I>. 3fr.; ''Walhalla , opposite the station; 
 *ScHirF, OoHS . moderate. — Cafes. Borse., Pavilion., Trifchli, all three 
 with gardens; Cafi National; Walhalla, see above. — Baths of all kinds 
 at the Lochlibad and at the 'Paradies\ — Cabs: V* br., 1-2 persons 80 c, 
 3-4 pers. 1 fr. 20, Vz br. 1 fr. 20 and 1 fr. 80, 3/4 hr. 1 fr. 60 and 2 fr. 40, 
 1 hr. 2 fr. and 3 fr., luggage 20 c. ; double fares at right. — - Embroidery at 
 A. Naefs. 
 
 St. Gallen (2165'), one of the highest-lying of the larger towns 
 of Europe, the capital of the canton of that name, and an episcopal 
 see (since 1846), is one of the chief industrial towns in Switzerland, 
 embroidered cotton goods being its staple product. Pop. 27,842. 
 
 The Benedictine Abbey, founded in the 7th cent, by St. Gal- 
 lus, an Irish monk, rebuilt in the 18th cent., and suppressed in 1805, 
 was one of the most famous seats of learning in Europe from the 
 8th to the 10th century. The extensive buildings now accom- 
 modate the Cantonal offices , the bishop's residence, and the cel- 
 ebrated Abbey Library. The last (open on Mon., Wed., and Sat., 9-12 
 and 2-4) contains many valuable MSS. (a psalter of Notker Labeo
 
 to Lindnu. ST. GALLEN. /. Routt 16. 49 
 
 of the 10th cent, and a Nibelungenlied of the 13th cent."); of those 
 mentioned in a catalogue of the year 823 about 400 still exist. 
 
 The Abbey Church, rebuilt in 1755-65 in the rococo style, contains 
 finely carved choir-stalls and a beautiful iron choir-screen. The 
 Gothic Church of St. Lawrence [Prot.'), to the N. of the abbey-church, 
 was rebuilt in 1849-51 and embellished with a handsome tower, 
 and contains stained glass by G»ell of Paris. 
 
 The large Cantonal School House in the Vordere Briihl contains 
 the Town Library (^Bibliotheca Vadiana" ; open Tues., Thurs., and 
 Sat., 2-4), which boasts of valuable MSS., chiefly of the Reforma- 
 tion period, and the collections of the Geopraphical ^ Commercial 
 Society (open Sun. 11-12, 1-3; Tues. and Sat. 1-3). Near it, in the 
 Museums-Str., by the Grosse Briihl, is the Muse wm, containing the 
 municipal collections. On the ground-floor are the Natural History 
 Collections (open Sun., 10-12 and 1-3, Wed. and Frid., 1-3), and 
 on the first floor the Picture Gallery of the Kunstverein (open Sun. 
 10-12, 1-3, Wed. 1-4; works by Roller, Diday, Makart, A. Feuer- 
 bach, Ritz, Schirmer, and others), and the collections of the Histor- 
 ical Society (open Sun., 10-12 and Wed., 1-4 ). Behind the museum 
 is the Public Park; farther on, in the Rorschacher-Strasse, are the 
 Town Hospital, to the right, and the Cantonal Hospital, to the left. 
 To the W., in the Arboner-Strasse, on the left bank of the Steinach, 
 is the large Cantonal Prison. The Industrial Museum, with a school 
 of design, is in the Vadian-Strasse (open Sun. 10-12; on other 
 days, ex»"ept Men., 9-12 and 1-5). 
 
 Excursions. The *Freudenberg (2805'; /7w; carriage for 1-2 pers. 
 7 fr., 3-4 pera. 12 fr.), 1^,2 M. to the S.E.. commands a charming view of 
 the Lake of Constance as far as Lindau; in the foreground lie St. Gallen 
 and the surrounding country, dotted with houses, to the S. tlie Sentis 
 chain, the Gljimisch, Todi, e"tc. — The ' Vogelisegg {ky-y M.; p. 53) and the 
 " Froliclisegg (4 M. ; p. 57) also afford fine views. — From the Kurzegg 
 inn on the road to Vogelisegg a line view of the Budensee. Near it, the nun- 
 nery of Notkersegg (2567'). — To the Rosenberg (2445' carriage 2 fr., 3 fr.) 
 with the Kiirzenhurg, a deaf-and-dumb institution (view to the S.W.); walk 
 along the hill to the (3/4 hr.) inn of SS. Peter and Paul (2628'; view). — 
 Across the pastures to the Bernegg (2757' ; Inn), with view of the Sentis, 
 and back by the Teufen road (2 M.)- — Kronbiihl (2033'; Inn; carriage 
 3 fr., 5 fr.), on the Arbon road, vrith a view of the Lake of Constance. — 
 Waid, a health-resort, 3 M. to the N.E., with splendid view of the lake of 
 Constance (carriage 4 fr., 6 fr. ; diligence from St. Fiden, see below). — 
 Bruggen and the Sitterbriicke (p. 48), by rail in 8 min. — Martinstohel and 
 Mottelischloss, see p. 50. — To Trogen , Gais, Appenzell, Weissbad (R. 
 17), one-horse carr. there and back 13 fr., a pleasant day's excursion. 
 
 From St. Gallen the line descends through a long cutting to 
 (531/2 M.) St. Fiden (H. National), and enters the wild valley of the 
 Steinach. Embankments and cuttings are traversed in rapid suc- 
 cession. Nearly the whole Lake of Constance is frequently visible, 
 with Friedrichshafen on its N. bank. — Turning to the right, the 
 line crosses the Goldach by a bridge of five arches near (0672 M.) 
 Morschwyl (*Pens. Gallusberg, near the station), and traverses a 
 fertile district to Rorschach. There are two stations at Rorschach, 
 the chief station at the harbour, the second */2 M. to the E. 
 
 iJABDEJUiii, Switzerland. 15th Edition, 4
 
 50 /. Route 16. RORSCHACH. From Zurich 
 
 62 M. Eorschacll. — *Seehof, with garden ; *AsKEE,R.,L.,(fe A.2V2-3, 
 B. 1 fr., pens. 7-8 fr. ; =Hie8ch, moderate; Badhof: -Hotel Bodax; Schiff; 
 Hotel Bahnhof, Post, R. 2, D. 2V2fr. , these two near the station ; -Schafle, 
 with garden, moderate; Rossle ; ZuR Ilge; Geuxek Baum-, Ochs, with 
 brewery. — 'Rail. Restaurant., with a balcony and view of the lake. Beer 
 at Stierlitis., behind the station, and at the Falke (with rooms to let). — 
 Private apartments reasonable. — Baths at Ifotter's, on the lake; "Lake 
 Baths V4 M. to the W. (bath with towel 35 c). 
 
 Rorschach (1312'; pop. 5867), a busy town on the Lake of Con- 
 stance, chiefly important for its com trade, is also a summer-resort. 
 
 Railway to Coire, see p. 341: to Bregenz and Lindau, see p. 424; to 
 Heiden. see p. 54: to Constance, see p. 30. 
 
 Excursions. Above Rorschach rises the old abbey of Marienberg, with 
 handsome cloisters, now a school. The view from the Rovschacher Berg., 
 the green orchard-like hill behind the town, embraces the whole lake, 
 with the Vorarlberg Mts. and the Rhsetikon chain. Its summit, the *Ross- 
 biihel (Inn)., may be reached in I1/4 hr. from Rorschach (boy to show the way 
 desirable). The whole hillside is intersected by roads, which afiford a great 
 many pleasant walks. — The St. Anna Schloss, since 1449 the property of 
 the Abbots of St. Gallen, has been partly restored (-Restaurant); fine view 
 from the upper rooms. The road, which is steep towards the end, takes 
 about 3/4 hr. from the station. The view from the Jdgerhaus., 1/2 ^^' 
 farther up, is still more extensive (Inn, good wine). 
 
 To the Martinstobel and Mottelischloss and back, 3 hours. By the St. 
 Gallen railway to St. Fiden, see above. Below the station we take the road 
 to Neudorf (brewery on the left), descend the high-road, and diverge to the 
 right by the Heiden road into the Martinstobel, the gorge of the Goldach, 
 spanned by an iron bridge 100' high. Here at the beginning of the 10th cent, 
 the monk Xotker composed his ^ Media vita in morte sumus\ upon seeing 
 a man accidentally killed. Beyond the bridge we ascend the road to the 
 left, passing the d^ris of a landslip which took place in 1845, to Untereggen 
 (Schafle), and thence descend the Goldach road as far as a road leading 
 through a grassy dale to the right to the Mottelischloss. This was for- 
 merly the seat of the Barons of Sulzberg, of whom it was purchased by 
 the wealthy Motteli family of St. Gallen, and after various vicissitudes it has 
 now fallen into disrepair. *View from the new platform on the top (gratuity), 
 one of the finest near the lake. Pleasant walk back to Rorschach through 
 the Witholz (1/2 hr.). — To Tiibach , surrounded by fruit-trees , and the 
 Castle of Steinach about 1 hr. — By the 'Obere Weg',^ with fine views, 
 to (1 hr.) Wylen C'lnn) , near the Duke of Parma's chateau of Wartegg^ 
 with its beautiful park. — By Staad (p. 341) to (IV4 hr.) Schloss Weinburg, 
 the siunmer-residence of the Prince of HohenzoUern (visitors admitted to 
 the fine park); splendid view from the Steinerne Tisch, above the chateau 
 (return via Thai and Rheinegg, p. 341). — To Heiden, see p. 52. 
 
 To THE Meldegg. Railway to (V4 hr.) Rheinegg ; then a good road 
 (diligence twice daily in 1 hr. 5 min.; (cable railway projected) to (21/2 M.) 
 Walzenhausen (2207'; -Kurhaus; -Hdt.-Pens. Rheinhurg, 6-9 fr.), a summer 
 resort in a sheltered situation, with pleasant wood-walks and fine points 
 of view. Road thence to (1^ '2 M.) the monastery of Grimmen stein; then a 
 path to the left to the (1/4 hr.) *Meldegg (2125'). a rocky height at the angle 
 of the Rhine Yalley, affording an admirable survey of the valley and the 
 Bodensee. (Tavern' in summer.) We may then descend to (3/4 hr.) St. Mar- 
 grethen (p. 341) or (1/2 hr.) Au (p. 341) and return by train to Rorschach. 
 
 At Horn (on the lake, IV2 31. to the N.W.; railway, see p. 30) there are 
 a large Hotel d- Bath-house (pension 6 fr.), and the Steinbock Inn. Visitors 
 are also received at the Schloss, near the baths, to the left of the road. 
 
 To Lindau by steamer (IV4 hr. ; D. 2V2 J^-, mediocre), comp. 
 p. 27. To the S.E. is Bregenz, at the foot of the Pfander; in the 
 background the Rhsetikon chain; to the S. rise the Appenzell Mts. 
 and the Sentis.
 
 to Lindau. LINDAU. /. Route 16. 51 
 
 Lindan. — 'Bayrischer Hop, R., L., <fe A. 2V2-4, 'D.3J(.; *Kkone, 
 B. i^f2-2^/iJf-' B. 80pf., D. 21/2^^.5 "Hotel Reutemann, "Lindauer Hop, 
 Helvetia, moderate, all on the lake; Sonne, in the Eeichsplatz ; Gartchen 
 AUF DER SIauer, a pension on the mainland. — Restaurants: Seegarten. near 
 the Bayrische Hof (also R.); SchUtzengarten, a restaurant on the old bas- 
 tion, near the Roman tnwer, with view; adjacent to it, Rupflin (wine); 
 Rail. Restaurant. — Lake Baths on the N.W. side of the town, in the inner 
 arm of the lake. 
 
 Lindau^ (5400 inhab.), the terminus of the Bavarian S.W. Rail- 
 way (express to Augshurg 5, to Munich 01/2 hrs.), once an imperial 
 town and fortress, and in the middle ages a thriving commercial 
 place, lies on an island in the Lake of Constance, connected with 
 the mainland by a railway-embankment and by a wooden bridge, 
 356 yds. long. Lindau is said to have been the site of an ancient 
 Roman fort, to which the venerable tower near the bridge perhaps 
 belonged. On the quay is a monument to King Max II. (d. 1864), 
 in bronze, designed by Halbig. At the end of the S. pier, on a 
 granite pedestal 33' high, is placed an imposing lion in marble, 20' 
 in height, also by Halbig; opposite, on the N. pier, is a Lighthouse. 
 The harbour is adjoined to the S. by the Alte Schanz^ which com- 
 mands a view of the Alps from the Scesaplana to the Sentis (moun- 
 tain indicator). In the Reichsplatz are the Rathhaus , ereited in 
 1422-36 and restored in 1885-87, with painted facades and an 
 interesting collection of antiquities (open 11-12, Sun. 2-5), and 
 the handsome Reichslrunnen with a bronze figure of 'Lindauia', and 
 other allegorical figures, erected in 1884. 
 
 ExcuRsioKs. Pleasant walk on the bank of the lake towards the W. 
 (cross the railway embankment and turn to the left), passing the villas of 
 Naher, Lotzbeck (pretty park), Oiebelbach^ Lingg ('Frescoes by Naue), and 
 others, to the (3/4 M.)" Scliachenbad (Pens. Freihof), and the (2/4 M.) Linden- 
 hof (or Villa Gruber), with its beautiful grounds and hot-houses (adm. on 
 Frid. gratis; at other times ijU.., tickets at the Schachenbad ; closed on 
 Sun.). About 1/2 BI. farther on is the chateaxi oi Alwind. — Beautiful view 
 from the (1/2 hr.) *Hoyerberg (1496'), which is reached by a path skirting 
 the railway, or by the road hj Aeschach (Schlatter) to the village oi Hoyren, 
 at the foot of the vine-clad hill. Two inns and a belvedere on the top. 
 We may then return by Enzisweiler ('Schmid's Restaurant) and Schachen 
 (Zum Schlossle). — To Bregenz^ see p. 424. 
 
 17. The Canton of Appenzell. 
 
 The Canton of Appenzell cannot vie in grandeur with many other parts 
 of Switzerland , but it includes within a small space most of the charact- 
 eristics of the country. It boasts of Switzerland's largest lake, of an almost 
 southern vegetation, of great industrial prosperity, of the richest pastures, 
 and even of lofty snow-mountains. The finest points are Heiden, St. Antoni, 
 Wildkirchli., Ebe'nalp, the Hohe Kasten, and the Sentis. 
 
 This canton, which is entirely surrounded by that of St. Gallen, was 
 divided after the religious wars of 1597 into two half-cantons , Ausser- 
 Rhoden and Inner-Rhoden, and to this day party-feeling on religious ques- 
 tions is very strong. Inner-Riioden , which consists of pasture-land and 
 is 63 sq. M. in area, is almost exclusively Roman Catholic, and down to 
 1&48 permitted no Protestants to settle within its limits ; even Roman Catho- 
 lics who were not natives of the canton were strictly excluded. This restric- 
 tion was nominally rescinded by an article of the Federal consitution in 
 1848, but little change has practically taken place. Population 12,90*. of 
 
 4*
 
 52 /. Route 17. HEIDEN. The Canton 
 
 whom about 550 only are Protestants. The inhabitants generally occupy 
 scattered cottages and huts; they are, according to Merian (1650), 'a rough, 
 hardy, homely, and pious folk' ; their costume is picturesque and primitive, 
 and "cattle-breeding and cheese-making are their chief pursuits. — Ausser- 
 Rhoden (90 sq. M., 54,200 inhab., 3594 Rom. Cath.) belongs to the Reformed 
 Church ; one- fourth of its population is engaged in the cotton and silk manufac- 
 ture, chiefly for firms at St. Gallen. Almost every house has its loom, the 
 products of vs^hich often exhibit extraordinary taste and skill, and were 
 objects of admiration at the London and Paris Industrial Exhibitions. 
 
 Whey-cure Establishments in the Canton of Appenzell : Gais, Weissiad, 
 Heiden, Gonten^ Waldstatt^ etc. The goats' whey is prepared on the pastures of 
 the Sentis •, the milk is heated, and the whey separated from it by the ad- 
 dition of rennet. The whey ('■Schotten') thus prepared is of a yellowish-green 
 colour, semi-transparent, entirely free from caseine, but rich in saccharine 
 matter. The process takes place at night. Early in the morning the goat- 
 herds carry the hot whey on their backs to the different establishments be- 
 low. The whey-makers have about 500 goats on the Sentis, and even buy 
 goats'" milk from other districts, to supply the hotel-keepers. After the sepa- 
 ration of the whey, the cheese is manufactured in the ordinary manner. 
 
 Railway from Winkeln to Appenzell in 1V2-2 hrs. ; from St. Oallen to 
 Gats in IV4 hr. : from Rorschach to Heiden in 55 minutes. — Diligence from 
 Rheineck to Heiden twice daily in 13/4 hr. ; from Au to Heiden via Berneck^ 
 once daily in 3 hrs. ; from Heiden via Trogen and Speicher to Teufen 
 twice dailv in 23/4 hrs. ; ivora. AUstdtten to Gais daily in 2 hrs.; from Gais 
 to Appenzell five times daily in 35 min. ; from St. Gallen via Speicher to 
 Trogen thrice daily in 1 hr. 40 min. — Carriage from St. Gallen to Trogen 
 6 fr. (3-4 pers. 10 fr.), to Appenzell 9 or 16, Weissbad 10 or I6V2 fr. •, half-fare 
 more for the return. 
 
 The Railway from Rorschach to Heiden, 41/3 M. long , is 
 constructed on fhe rack - and - pinion system (maximum gradient 
 1 : 11). The train starts from the harbour station (p. 50), stops at 
 the outer station, where the toothed rail begins, and then ascends 
 through orchards and vineyards, affording charming glimpses of the 
 lake. On the left, below, is the picturesque chateau of Wartegg, on 
 the right Wartensee. "We then cross a ravine, pass through a cutting, 
 and traverse wood. Near (21/2 M.) stat. Wienachten (1930') are 
 large quarries of fossiliferous sandstone. We cross the gorge of that 
 name by a lofty viaduct, obtaining to the left a beautiful view of 
 the rich valley, with the mountains of the Bregenzer Wald beyond, 
 and the mouth of the Rhine below ; then ascend through orchards 
 and wood, past a deep ravine on the left, to (3 M.) stat. Schwendi, 
 and skirt the wooded Galgentobel in a wide bend. 
 
 41/3 M. Heiden. — -Freihof, r., l., & A. 3-4, b. 11/2, D. 4, S. 2V-', 
 pens. 8V2 fr., whey SO c. ; -Schweizeehof, R., L., <fe A. SVz, B. IV4, D- 31/2, 
 S. 21/2 fr.-, SoNNENHUGEL, at the upper end of the village, near the Kur- 
 halle; *Lowe, pens. 6V2fr. ; Krone, pens. 6 fr. ; Linde; 'Zom Paradies; 
 Zdk Frohen Aussicht, well spoken of. Lodgings at Tobler's, the post- 
 master. Baths in the Quellenhof. — Visitors' Tax for a stay of several 
 days 1 fr. 20 c. — English Church Service in summer. 
 
 ' Heiden (2465'; pop. 3453), a thriving village with substantial 
 houses, rebuilt since a fire in 1838, lies in the midst of sunny and 
 sheltered meadows, and is a favourite whey-cure resort. Mineral 
 water may also be procured. At the upper end is a tasteful Kur- 
 halle. The gallery of the church-tower contains a good telescope, 
 and affords a fine panoramic view, including the Lake of Constance.
 
 of AppemelL KAIEN. I. Route 17. 53 
 
 Walks. To the "^Bellevue, a bill 20 min. to the S.E. , on the right 
 bank of the Ostaldenbach , with a beautiful view of Heiden and the 
 Lake of Constance, and in 10 min. more to the Sentisblick ; S.W. to the 
 Hasenhiihl , BenzenruH, and 'Steinli, with a pavilion and charming view ; 
 S. to Bischofsherg (see below). To the W. , below the Grub road (see 
 below), the Krdhenwald (pleasant ground.s); N.W. (^4 hr.) the Rossbiihel 
 above Wienachlen (see p. 52; tavern, good wine). 
 
 A road afl'ording pietures<iue views leads from Heiden to the N.E. 
 via Wolfhalden, (2322'; Friedberg) to (4V2 M.) Rheinegg Cp. 341; diligence 
 twice daily in ^4 hr.) ; another altractive road to the W. via Grub, Eggers- 
 ried, and the Martinslohel (p. 50) to (8 M.) St. Gallen (p. 48). To Rorschach 
 a pleasant footpath and a carriage-road f4'/j M.) via, Zelg and Wienachten. 
 
 The -Chapel of St. Anthony (^'St. Antonibild'; 3635'; R(is.«li Inn, 
 adjacent), IV4 br. to the S. of Heiden, affords a famous view of the 
 Rhine Valley (preferable to that from the Kaien), Bregenz, Lindau, part 
 of the Bodensee, and the Vorarlberg and Appenzell Mts. One route to the 
 chapel is by Oberegg; another, shorter, leads by the orphan-houses and 
 the Bischofsberg (see above). From the chapel to Altstdtten (p. 342) l'/2 hr. 
 
 The Kaien., IV4 hr. to the S.W. of Heiden, is also frequently ascended 
 (guide desirable, IV2 fr.). We at first follow the Trogen road ; after IV4 M. 
 we ascend to the right towards some houses, where a boy may be engaged 
 as a guide; 10 min., the path enters pine-wood (rather steep here), then 
 crosses an open meadow with a few chalets, and ascends the small peak of 
 the (V2 hr.) ''Eaien (3670')- The view embraces a great part of the Lake of 
 Constance and Canton Thurgau , the embouchures of the Rhine and the 
 Bregenzer Ach, the Vorarlberg and Liechtenstein Mts., with the white chain 
 of the Rhsetikon and the Scesaplana above them to the S.E. To the S. it 
 affords a characteristic glimpse of the Appenzell district : the Kamor and 
 Hohe Kasten, the five peaks of the Furgglen-First and Kanzel, the double- 
 peaked Altmann , the snow-fields of the Sentis , and the Todi farther 
 distant; in the foreground woods, meadows, and the thriving villages of 
 Wald, Trogen, and Speicher; to the left above Trogen rises the Gabris 
 (see below) ; to the right, near Speicher, the Vogelisegg (see below) ; to the 
 left, above Speicher, in the distance, the Pilatus and tbeRigi. — The Kaien 
 is IV2 hr. from Speicher, and 21/2 hrs. from St. Gall. Trogen seems almost 
 within a stone's-throw, though really 3 M. distant. The path descends to 
 the right by the Gupf (Imx) and Rehtobel (-Hirsch), a village almost wholly 
 burnt down in 1890, beyond which the road to Trogen is visible in the 
 wooded ravine far below. Near the bridge, in the valley below, is a rustic 
 tavern 'Am Goldach\ 
 
 The Gabeis (see p. 54) may be ascended from Heiden direct (avoiding 
 the Kaien): to St. Anthony^s Chapel (see above) I74 hr. ; then along the 
 arete, with a charming survey of the Rhine Valley and the Sentis, to the 
 Landmark (Inn , comp. p. 342) and the summit of the Gabris , a beautiful 
 walk of 2 hrs. 
 
 The road to Trogen (6^/2 M.) ascends the E. slope of the Kaien 
 (see above) to the (^21/4 M.) Lang enegg (3 iS2''., Inn) and then leads 
 up and down hill, past Rehtobel (see above), situated beyond the 
 deep valley of the Goldach on the right, and ('2V4 M.) Wald (3150'; 
 Sonne), to (2 M.) — 
 
 Trogen (2976'; pop. 2578; Hirsch; *Krone), a prosperous vill- 
 age, pleasantly situated and visited as a summer-resort. 
 
 Road over the Landmark to (7 31.) Altstdtten, see p. 342. — Fkom St. 
 Gallen to Teogen (6 M.), diligence thrice daily in 1 hr. 40 min. The 
 road leads past the nunnery oi' Koike r.tegg and the inn of Knrzegg (p. 50), to 
 the (4 M.) ^Vogelisegg (1358'; ''Hotel- Pension)., which affords a line view 
 of the Lake of Constance, the populous and rich pasture-lands of Speicher 
 and Trogen, and of the Vorarlberg and Appenzell Mts. A point in front 
 of the hotel commands a speciallv line prospect of the Sentis. Descent to 
 (•V4 M.) Speicher (3070'; Liiwe ; Krone) and across the Bachtobel to (IV* M.)
 
 54 I. Route 17, GAIS. The Canton 
 
 Trogen. — From Trogen to (4V4 M.) Teufen, diligence twice daily in 1 hr. 
 Steam-tramway from St. Gallen to Gais via Teufen, see p. 57. 
 
 From the church at Trogen a road leads via (3^2 ^0 Biifder 
 [p. 57) to (13/4 M.) Gais, but the path over the *Gabri8 (4100') 
 is shorter and far more attractive. 
 
 The traveller coming from the Kaien follows the Trogen and Biihler 
 road to the (I/2 hr.) top of the hill (3487' ; view of the Sentis) ; a finger- 
 post here indicates the path to the left to Gais over the Gabris. Those 
 who come from Vogelisegg should not go on to Trogen, but quit the high- 
 road beyond the Bachtohel (see above) by a flight of steps to the right. A 
 small valley lies immediately on the right, and the path ascends gradually 
 across meadows. After 3 4 hr. (from Speicher) this path reaches the road 
 from Trogen to Biihler at a few hundred paces from the finger-post. About 
 5 min. beyond the latter we reach two houses. Where the ascent begins, 
 5 min. farther on, we keep to the left. Farther on, the road skirts a wood 
 (at the beginning of which the descent to the left is to be avoided). At the 
 point (12 min.) where a row of old pine-trees flanks the road on the right, 
 a footpath between two of these ascends, chiefly through wood, in 20 min. 
 to the summit. The point first attained is the Signalhohe (4110'), the view 
 from which is obstructed by wood. A few min. farther on is an 'Inn (4100*), 
 whence a charming prospect is enjoyed (IV2 hr. from Speicher). Hence 
 to Gais a descent of 1/2 hour. Walkers in the reverse direction find finger- 
 posts at doubtful points. Numerous benches. 
 
 Gais (3075'; pop. 2495 ; *A>owe, R. & A. 21/.2-3V2, pens. 7 fr. ; 
 *Ochs, Adler, Hirsch, Rothbach, etc., plain), a trim-looking village, 
 in the midst of green meadows, is the oldest of the Appenzell whey- 
 resorts, having been in vogue since 1749. Fine view of the Sentis 
 from the Kurgarten . 
 
 Steam-tramway to St. Gallen, see p. 57. — The Road from Gais to 
 Altstatten" (6 M., diligence daily in V/a hr., from Altstatten to Gais in 
 13/4 hr.) is level for the first IV2 M., and then descends uninterruptedly 
 from the point where it diverges from the old road and winds round the 
 mountain. The old road, shorter for pedestrians, and far preferable on 
 account of the view, leads to the left over the (1/4 hr.) *Stoss (3130' ; Pe7i- 
 sion Sfoss), a chapel on the pass, with a celebrated view of the Rhine 
 Valley, the Vorarlberg. and the Grisons. Here, on 17th June, 1405, 400 
 Appenzellers under Rudolf von Werdenberg signally defeated 3000 troops 01 
 the Archduke Frederick and the Abbot of St. Gallen. The old road rejoins 
 the new immediately below the Stoss, but soon diverges again. The road 
 to the left, descending in zigzags, is the better ; that to the right is steeper, 
 but shorter. — Those who intend proceeding from the Stoss to the Sentis 
 may leave Gais and Appenzell to the right, and descend direct to the ('2 
 hrs!) Weissbad, by the Hohe Hirschberg (3835'; fine panorama). 
 
 A road traversing meadows leads from Gais to (3 M.) Appenzell 
 (2550'; pop. 4477 ; ^Lowe, *H€cht,^nir$ch, all moderate; beer at the 
 Krone), another whey-resort, the capital of Canton Inner-Rhoden, on 
 the Sitter, a large village consisting chiefly of old wooden houses. It 
 contains two monasteries, and was formerly a country-seat of the Ab- 
 bots of St. Gallen, Appenzell being a corruption of ^Ahbatis Cello'. 
 The Hospital, the Church, erected in 1826, and the Landesarchiv , 
 containing interesting charters, are worthy of note. Shady prome- 
 nades on the Sitter. — Railway to Urndsch and Winkeln, see p. 48. 
 
 A road leads from Appenzell (also a footpath from the station) 
 to the S.E., crossing the Sitter and passing the Hotel Steinegg, to the 
 (2 M.) *Weissbad (2680'; omnibus to and from the station 1 fr.,
 
 of AppenzelL WEISSBAD. J. Route 77. 55 
 
 to meet the earlier trains only), another whey-cnre and health 
 resort (R. & A. 2^2-^, ^- 1-'20, D. 3, S. 2 fr., cheaper for a longer 
 stay; also river-baths), pleasantly situated at the base of the Appen- 
 zell Mts., and a good starting-point for excursions. 
 
 Guides' Fees (Joh. Jos. Biichler, Huber, Jac. and J oh. Koster): Wild- 
 kirchli 5, Ebenalp 5, Sentis 10, over the Sentis to Wildhaus 20, Altmann 
 12, Hohe Kasten 6, over the latter into the Rhine Valley 10 fr. — Horse 
 to Wildkirchli 10, Ebenalp 12, Hohe Kasten 10, Kamor 9 fr. — Carriage 
 to St. Gallen and Altstatten with one horse 12 , with two horses 25 fr. ; to 
 Gais 8 or 14 fr. ; to Appenzell 3 or 6fr. 
 
 Fkom Weissbad to the Rhine Valley. The direct route by the 
 Hohe Kasten (5V2 hrs.) leads to the S.E. through (V2 hr.) Brulisau (3030'; 
 Krone, rustic) ; by the church we follow the paved path , past the tirst 
 house , as far as a bam , and ascend the meadows (towards the inn 
 which lies conspicuously at the foot of the Kamor) as far as the last 
 group of houses, V2 lir. ; then straight on (not by the beaten path), through 
 the enclosure on the right, to the Inn '■Ruhiitz'' (4495'; Vz^r., bridle-path 
 thus far), at the S.W. base of the Kamor (5215'). From the inn a steep 
 ascent of 1 hr. by a good path, to the summit of the *Hohe Kasten (5900'; 
 'Inn), which slopes precipitously on the E. towards the Rhine Valley. Splendid 
 view of the Sentis group, with its three spurs on the N.E., which is nowhere 
 seen to such advantage; in the other direction we see the Rhine Valley, 
 stretching as far as the Lake of Constance, and the Alps of the Vorarlberg 
 and Grisons. "We may now descend by a steep and stony path to (3 hrs.) 
 stat. Senmcald-Saletz (p. 342). It diverges from the Weissbad path to the 
 left, just below the saddle between the Kamor and Hohe Kasten, skirts 
 the W. and S. slopes of the latter, and descends in zigzags (no possibility 
 of mistake; several finger-posts lower down). Traversing wood for the 
 last hour, we at length reach the village of Sennwald and the station. 
 
 The favourite walk from the Weissbad is to the Wildkiechli, 
 13/4 hr. to the S. [guide 5 fr,, unnecessary). Following the road 
 to Briilisau (see above) for 100 paces, we ascend to the right ; 8 min., 
 a house, whence the bridle-track diverges to the left, while the 
 good footpath leads straight on through a gate, crossing the bridle- 
 path at (15 min.) a double gate ; we then cross the meadow in the 
 direction of the Ebenalp, or rather towards the depression between 
 it and the wooded Bommen-Alp (to the left). A little below the 
 top of the hill (40 min.) we turn to the left. (In 10 min. more the 
 direct path to the Ebenalp diverges to the right ; see p. 56). The 
 path approaches the foot of the precipitous rocks which descend from 
 the Ebenalp to the Seealp-Thal (see p. 56). Near the (1/2 ^r-) 
 *Zum Escher tavern (4790') we ascend to the right by a narrow, 
 but safe path, skirting the perpendicular rocks, to the (5 min.) 
 *Wildkirciai (4845'), formerly a hermitage, founded in 1656, with 
 a chapel dedicated to St. Michael, situated in a grotto (33' wide ; 
 tavern). On the patron-saint's day (at the beginning of July) and 
 on St. Michael's Day (29th Sept.) solemn services are conducted 
 here, and the grotto and the Ebenalp attract numerous visitors. View 
 of the deep Seealp-Thal (with the path to the Sentis opposite, see 
 p. 56), and, to the left, of the Lake of Constance. 
 
 A dark passage in the rock, 150 paces long, closed by a door 
 (opened by the landlord, who provides a light, 1/2 ^^"0' leads from the 
 grotto to the *Ebenalp, where an entirely new Alpine view is dis-
 
 56 /. Route 77. . SENTIS. . The Canton 
 
 closed. The (25 min.) summit (5390'; Inn, 6 beds) , commands 
 a superb view of the Sentis, Altmann, Lake of Constance, etc. — 
 We may descend direct to the (25 min.) Bommen-Alp (p. 55; guide 
 useful to the beginning of the distinct path). 
 
 Pleasant walk from Weissbad via Schwendi (see below), leaving the 
 Sentis route to the left, to the (1^/4 hr.) Seealp-See (3735'-, 7n«, troutj, 
 very picturesquely situated in a basin between the Gloggeren and Altea-Alp 
 (see p. 57). From the Seealp-See to the Megglisalp (see below) 1 hr., path 
 recently improved (wire rope at giddy points). — A steep path leads from 
 the Escher tavern (see above) to the ISeealp-See in 3/4 hi". — To the Leuer- 
 fall (3185'), IV2 lir., also interesting; the path ascends the Weisshachthal 
 (guide-post beyond the Weissbad), the last part through beautiful wood. 
 
 The snow-clad *Sentis (8215'), the highest mountain in the 
 canton, is most conveniently ascended from the Weissbad (6 hrs. ; 
 guide 10 fr. ; one-horse carr. to Wasserauen 4 fr.). A road di- 
 verges to the right from the road to Briilisau beyond the (3 min.) 
 bridge over the Schwendibach, and ascends on the right bank of the 
 brook to (}/^ hi.) Schwendi (2790'; *Inn Zur Felsenburg, on the 
 left bank), and to the (35 min.) Wasserauen Inn, where the road 
 ceases. The ascent now commences (Katzensteig), following the 
 telegraph stakes, on the left side of a ravine through which a brook 
 is precipitated; (40 min.) chalets of the Huttenalp (3940'; milk). 
 The narrow , but well - defined path now skirts the Schrennen, the 
 shelving pastures of the Gloggeren (below which are perpen- 
 dicular rocks), affording beautiful glimpses of the Seealp-See far 
 below, the Sentis and Altmann, and the Wildkirchli to the right. 
 In 3/4 hr. we pass a refuge-hut, and in ^/^ hr. more we reach the 
 Megglis-Alp (^idSb' ; plain Inn, bed 2 fr.), in a picturesque basin. The 
 path ascends hence rather steeply on the left side of the valley and 
 skirts the base of the Bossmaad , being frequently hewn in steps 
 (the telegraph stakes commencing 10 min. from the Megglisalp may 
 be followed). After 2 hrs. the inn on the Sentis becomes visible. 
 In early summer the snow generally begins here, on which we as- 
 cend to the inn (steep towards the end) in another hour. Later 
 in the season the path leaves the snow on the left, ascends past 
 the Wagenlucke (p. 57), gradually becoming steeper and crossing 
 large masses of rock, and also reaches the inn in an hour. The Inn 
 (bed 3-4 fr. ; often crowded on Sat. and Sun.; telegraph office) is 
 5 min. from the summit of the Sentis, to which we finally mount 
 by a path protected by a railing. 
 
 The *-ViEW (see Heim's excellent Panorama) extends over N.E. and 
 E. Switzerland, embracing the Lake of Constance, Swabia and Bavaria, 
 the Tyrolese Mts., the Grisons, and the Alps of Grlarus and Bern. — The 
 N. peak, separated from the S. by the '■Blaue Schnee' (not to be tried with- 
 out a guide; see p. 57) is named the Girespiiz or Geierspitz (7766'). 
 
 From the Sentis we may descend, at first over snow, and then by a 
 path which is very steep at first, over the Scltafboden and the Fliess- 
 Alp to (31/2-4 hrs.; in the reverse direction 6 hrs.) Wildhaus or Unter- 
 wasser in the Toggenburg (p. 59 ; guide desirable). — The usual route 
 FROM THE Weissbad to Wildhaus (7V2-8 hrs.) leads by Briilisau and 
 through the Briiltohel to the Sanibtis-See (3965'), passes the Fdhlen-See 
 (4750'; chalets), and ascends to the Zwingli Pass (6630'), between the Alt-
 
 of Appenzell. TEUFEN. J. RouU 17. 57 
 
 mann (see below) on the right, and the Kraialpfirst (6990') on the left. We 
 descend by the Krai-Alp (5933'J, and the Tesel-Alp (4575') to Wildhaus. This 
 route, however, is rough, and the Sentis route (not much longer) is preferable. 
 
 Mountaineers may combine a visit to the Wildkirchli (p. 65) with 
 the ascent of the Sentis (guide necessary, 15 fr.) by leaving the valley 
 of the Seealp-See to the left. The path leads high above the Seealp- 
 See at the base of the Zdnsler and Schdfler across the Alien- Alp ^ the 
 Oehrli., and over the Mvschelenherg (numerous fossils) •, hence either to the 
 left across the valley to the Wagenlucke (6785') by the path which ascends 
 from the Megglisalp (see above), or (1 hr. shorter) across the Blaue Schnee 
 (caution on account of the crevasses) past the base of the Giregpitz^ and over 
 the Flatten direct to the summit (7-8 hrs. in all). — A path, constructed by 
 the S. A. C, ascends to the summit on the W. side also (6 hrs., with guide). 
 It starts from the Oemdnen- Wesen Alp (dQlCK 5 reached from Urnasch or 
 Nesslau in 2 hrs.), ascends over stony slopes, and mounts a steep rocky 
 slope in zigzags to the first mountain-terrace. The ascent is then more 
 gradual, over rock and pasture, to the Flieshordkamm and the (2'/2 hrs.) 
 Club Hut on the Thierwies (6835'). We next traverse rocks and debris on 
 the Oraukopf (7255'), and ascend in zigzags to the arete between the 
 Oirespitz and the Sentis. Lastly we mount the Flatten by a flight of steps 
 140 yds. long, protected by a wire railing, and reach the (IV2 br.) summit. 
 
 The Altmann (8000'; 7 hrs. with guide; toilsome), is ascended from 
 the Weissbad via the Fdhlenalp and ZwingliFass (see above); descent through 
 the Lochlibetter to the Megglit^alp (p. 56). 
 
 Railway from Appenzell to Winkeln, yia Vrndsch and Herisau, 
 see p. 48. — It is preferable, however, to drive via Gais and Teufen 
 to St. Gallen (to Gais, 31/2 M., diligence four times daily in 1 hr. ; 
 thence to St. Gallen, 872 M., steam-tramway in II/4 hr.). To 
 (31/2 M.) GaiSj see p. 54. Thence the steam-tramway (rack-and- 
 pinion line at the steeper places) descends by the Rothbach to 
 (I3/4M.) the prettily situated village of Biihler (27^b' ; Rossli, etc.), 
 and beyond the Rose and Linde inns ascends to (41/2 M.) Teufen 
 (2743'; pop. 4629; *Hecht; *Linde}, a wealthy industrial village, 
 picturesquely situated, with a fine view of the Sentis chain. It 
 then skirts the W. slope of the Teuferegg^ through meadows and 
 wood, passing the stations of Sternen, Niederteufen, Lustmilhle, and 
 Riethdusle, to (8V2 M.) St. Gallen (p. 48). 
 
 The Footpath from Teufen to St. Gallen (IV2 hr.) diverges from 
 the high-road near the 'Hecht' inn , and immediately ascends to (V4 hr.) 
 the Schafle's-Egg (3020'; tavern); it then descends to (3 '4 hr.) St. Oeorgen., 
 where it joins the high-road to (iV2 3I-) St. Gallen. — About 10 min. to 
 the W. of the Schafle's-Egg is the *Frolichsegg (3290'; "Inn), which com- 
 mands an admirable view: Teufen in the foreground, the green Alpine 
 valley sprinkled with dwellings, and the Appenzell Mts., beginning with 
 the Fahnern, on the left, the Kamor, the Hohe Kasten about the middle of 
 the chain, the green Ebenalp below the snow, more to the right the 
 Altmann and the Sentis with its snow-fields, then in the distance the 
 Glarnisch and Speer; to the W. the railway and road to Wyl, and to 
 the N., part of the Lake of Constance. Hence to St. Gallen, 3 M. 
 
 18. From Wyl through the Toggenburg to Buchs 
 in the Rhine Valley. 
 
 Comp. Map., p. 52. 
 Railway from Wyl to Ebnat, IS'/z M., in 1 hr. 5 min. (1 fr. 95, 1 fr, 
 40 c. ; 2nd and 3rd cl. only). — From Ebnat to Buchs. 24 M., diligence four
 
 58 /. Route 18. WATTWYL. 
 
 times daily in 51/4 hrs. (5 fr. 70 e.) 5 also several times daily to Nesslau in 
 1 hr., and to Alt St. Johann in 22/3 hrs. — Carriage with one horse from 
 Wildhaus to Gams 8 fr. (carriages in Gams to be had at the 'Kreuz' inn) ; 
 to Buchs, 9 fr. ; to Ebnat, 14 fr. 
 
 Wyl, on the Winterthur and St. Gallen line, see p. 48. The train 
 traverses the Toggenburg, the busy and populous valley of the Thur. 
 
 When the Counts of Toggenburg became extinct (1436) , the County 
 was purchased by the Abbots of St. Gallen, who at the same time secured 
 to the inhabitants their ancient rights and privileges. In the course of 
 centuries , however , a great part of the population having embraced 
 Protestantism, the abbots violated their contract, which resulted in their 
 expulsion at the beginning of the 18th century. This gave rise to the 
 Toggenburg War, a violent feud in which the Roman Catholic cantons 
 espoused the cause of St. Gallen, while the Protestants took the part of 
 the Toggenburgers. Ko fewer than 150,0CO men were thus gradually 
 brought into the field. In July, 1712, the Roman Catholics were at length 
 defeated at Villmergen in the Aargau ; and a general peace was concluded, 
 which secured to the Toggenburgers full enjoyment of all their ancient 
 liberties, though they were still to belong to the Canton of St. Gallen. 
 
 41/2 M- Batzenheid; opposite is Jonswyl, with a new church. Op- 
 posite (6M.)Lutis&ur^ we cross the Guggerloch hy a viaduct 170 yds. 
 long, and 190' high. Stations Biitschwyl, Dietfurt, and (IOV2 M.) 
 Lichtensteig (pop. 1529; *Krone), a pleasant town on a rocky 
 height, with a modern Gothic church. On a hill to the E. (li/ihr.) 
 is the ruin of Neu- Toggenburg (3565'), a fine point of ^iew. 
 
 121/2 M. Wattwyl (2027'; Ross; *Toggenhurg), a charming 
 village, with 5260 inhah. and a new church. (Diligence to Utz- 
 nach, 4 times daily in 1^/4 hr., see p. 43.) On a hill to the right is 
 the nunnery of St. Maria der Engeln, and above it the ruin of 
 Yberg. The last station is (15V2 ^l-) Ebnat-Kappel. The village of 
 Ebnat (^2106'; '^Krone; *Adler ; Rosenbuhl, a restaurant with view) 
 is a thriving place ; 1 M. to the N. "W. is Kappel (Traube ; Stern). 
 
 The *Speer (6417') may be ascended through the Steinthal in 5 hrs. 
 (not difficult for experts, but near the top rather trying^ comp. p. 44); or 
 from Neu St. Johann., or from Xesslau (see below), by the Alp im Laad 
 and the Herren-Alp in 5 hrs. (guide 7 fr.). 
 
 The road, commanding a view of the Curfirsten opposite, and, 
 near Neu St. Johann, of the Sentis on the left, ascends slightly on 
 the right bank of the Thur, to Krummenau (2385'), where the 
 ^Sprung\ a natural rock-bridge, crosses the stream, Neu St. Johann 
 (Schafle), with an old Benedictine abbey, and (41/2 M.) — 
 
 20 M. Nesslau (2470'; *Krone; Traube; Stern), with a pretty 
 church. 
 
 To] Uenasch ovee the Keazeen Pass (4^/2 hrs.), interesting. A] road 
 ascends from INeu St. Johann through the Lauterihal, via Enneibuhl and 
 the Riedbad or EnnetbiihUr-Bad, to the (IV2 hr.) Alp Bemhalden (8402') •, a 
 path to the left then ascends through the Krdzemwald to the Krazern 
 Pass (3936'), and crosses the pastures oi Krdzerii to ihe (^hr a.) Rossf all- Alp 
 (Inn), whence a road leads to (1 hr.) Urndsch (p. 48). — Ascent of the 
 Sentis (p. 56) from Xesslau, 61/4 hrs. : from (IV2 hr.) Bemhalden (see above) 
 in 3/4 hr. to ihe Alp Oemeinen-Wesen (4210'); new path thence to the (4hr3.) 
 top (p. 57). — Ascent of the Speer^ see above. 
 
 The scenery becomes bleaker. The road leads past a fine fall of 
 the Weisse Thur to (21/4 M.) Stein (Krone) and (21/4 M.) Starkenbach
 
 WILDHAUS. I. Route IS. 59 
 
 (Drei Eidgenossen), a straggling village. To the right is the ruin 
 of Starkenstein . (Over the Amdener Berg to Weesen, seep. 44; 
 guide to the pass advisable.) Passing (17-2 M.) Alt St. Johann 
 (2920'; *Rossli) and (^4 ^0 l^'nterwasser (Ste"^rn; Traube), prettily 
 situated at the sources of the Thur, we ascend to (3^/4 M.) — 
 
 3OV2 >i- Wildhaus (3600'; '^Hirsch ; Sonne). A little before the 
 village, on the right, is the wooden house, blackened with age, in 
 which Zwingli was born in 1484. Wildhaus belonged to Rhajtia till 
 1310, and the region of the Romansch language (p. 347) extended 
 to this point. Behind the village, which lies at the foot of the Schaf- 
 berg (7820'), we obtain a survey of the seven Curflrsten (p. 44); 
 or still better from the (2/4 hr.) Sommerikopf (4:317'). 
 
 Ascent of the Senlis from Wildhaus or Alt St. Johann (via the Fliess- 
 Alp and the Schafboden in 6 hrs., with guide ; toilsome), see p. 57. — To Wei.'^s- 
 bad by the Kvayalp., the Fdhlensee, and Sdmbtis-See (7 hrs.), see p. 57. — To 
 Walenstadt over the Kdserruck, 6 hrs., see p. 45. 
 
 The road descends, finally describing a long bend (short-cut for 
 walkers to the right at the beginning of the bend), to (6 M.) 
 Gams (1575'; *Kreuz), in the Rhine Valley, and then leads straight 
 to (IV2 ^I') i^aag (p. 342), while a road to the right leads via Grabs 
 and Werdenberg to (31/2 M.) — 
 
 391/2 M. Bucks (p. 342). 
 
 19. From ZiLrich to Glarus and Linththal. 
 
 53 M. Railway (Nordostbahn) to Glarus (43 M.) in 21/2 hrs. (7 fr. 20y 
 5fr. 5, 3fr. 60 c.); from Glarus to Linththal (10 M.) in 40-50 min. (1 fr. 
 60c., ifr. 15 c., 80 c.). (From Weesen to Glarus, 71/2 M., in 25 min. ; 1 fr. 
 25 c., 90c., 65 c.). Carriages are usually changed at Glarus. 
 
 Railway on the left bank from Ziirich to (36 M.) Ziegelbrilcke, 
 see pp. 42, 43. The train again crosses the Linth Canal (p. 43) and 
 traverses the broad valley towards the S. ; on the right the Wiggis 
 and Glarnisch (see below). 37 M. Nieder- and Ober-lJrnen; 39 M. 
 Ndf els- Mollis, junction for (I1/4 M.) Weesen (p. 43). 
 
 Nafels (1434'; Linthhof; Hirscli; Schweri) and Ober-Urnen are 
 the only Roman Catholic villages in Canton Glarus. The church is the 
 finest in the canton. The restored Freuler Palace, now a poor-house, 
 contains some exquisite panelling. On 9th April, 1388, the canton 
 here shook off the Austrian yoke. In the Rautif elder, where eleven 
 attacks took place, stand eleven memorial stones (monument in the 
 Sandlen). On the second Thursday of April the natives flock to Nafels 
 to celebrate the anniversary. — On the opposite bank of the Escher 
 Canallies Mollis (1470' ; *Bdr, *Lou'€, both moderate ; *Pens. Haltli\ 
 an industrial village. (Over the Kerenzenberg to Miihlehorn, see ^AA.) 
 
 ExccKsioNS (guide, M. Havser). The Rautiapitz (7493'), the summit 
 of the Wiggis Chain (see p. 60), rising abruptly to the S.W., is ascended 
 from Nafels in 51/2-6 hrs. (interesting; no difficulty; guide 18 fr.). On the 
 right bank of the Rautibach, with its numerous falls, we ascend in zigzags, 
 cross the Thrdngibach, and reach a road through wood. Passing above the 
 (1 hr.) Haslensee (2460'), we reach the (V4hr.) charming Obersee (3225'), skirt 
 the lake to the left, ascend through wood to the Giappli-Alp (4730') and
 
 60 /. Route 19. . GLARUS. From Zurich 
 
 (21irs.) Rauti-Alp (5400'), and in V/2'hT. more to the summit, which slopes 
 gradually on the W. side (beautiful view). — A rocky arete 1 hr. in length, 
 traversed by a path which should not be attempted by those subject to 
 dizziness, connects the Rautispitz with the Scheye (7420'), "the second highest 
 peak of the Wiggis. The Scheye may also be ascended from Vorauen (p. 66) 
 by the Lungenegg-Alp (41/2 hrs.), or from the Klonthaler See (p. 66) by the 
 Herberig and i\i% Deyenalp (4hrs.), or from Ifetstall by the Auern-Alp (5hrs.). 
 
 41 M. Netstall (St. Fridolin ; Bar; Robe; Schwert), a large vill- 
 age (pop. 2326), lies at the E. base of the Wiggis. The Lbntsch, 
 descending from the Klonthal (p. 67), falls into the Linth here. 
 
 43 M. Glarus. — -Glarnee Hof, at the station, R., L., & A. 4, B. li/z, 
 D. 4 fr. ; Deei Eidgenossen, R., L., & A. 2, B. 1 fr. ; Lowe \ SoiraE ; Adler; 
 beer at the Ca/i Tobias, opposite the station, at the Raben, etc. ; Restau- 
 rant (plain) on the Bergli (18S3'), 20 min. to the W. of the town, an ad- 
 mirable point of view. 
 
 Glarus (1490' ; pop. 5401), Fr. Glaris, the capital of the canton, 
 with busy industries, lies at the N.E. base of the precipitous and 
 imposing Vorder-Glarnisch (7648'), at the W. base of the Schild 
 (7503'), and at the S.E. base of the Wiggis (see above), the barren, 
 grey summits of which form a striking contrast to the fresh green on 
 its slopes. The Hausstock (10,355') forms the background to the S.; 
 to the left the KdrpfstockldiSO''), to the right the Ruchi (10,190^. 
 In 1861 , during a violent Tohn' (S. wind), the greater part of 
 the tovs^n was burned down. The new Romanesque church is used 
 by the Roman Catholics and the Protestants in common. In 1506- 
 12 the reformer Zwingli was pastor at the old church, on the site of 
 which the law-courts now stand. The two grassy spaces in front 
 represent the old cemetery. The Law Courts contain the Can- 
 tonal Archives , the public Library , and collections of antiquities 
 and natural curiosities (fine fossils). In the Government ^' Postal 
 Buildings is an excellent relief-model of the canton of Glarus by 
 Becker (adm. free). In the art department is a small Picture 
 Gallery, containing chiefly works by Swiss artists. The Public 
 Gardens, in front of the Glarner Hof, are embellished with a hand- 
 some fountain, and contain memorial stones to the statesmen J.Heer 
 (d. 1879) and J. J. Blumer(d. 1876), both natives of Glarus. — On 
 the opposite bank of the Linth lies the busy manufacturing village 
 of Ennenda (Hotel Neues Bad, Schiitzenhof). 
 
 Excursions (guides, see p. 62). The Schild ('7500') is a fine point (572 
 hrs.; guide 12 fr.). The path from Glarus leads through wood and pastures, 
 and over the Ennefberge, to the (3 hrs.) Heuboden-Alp (4770') and thence 
 to the right, without difficulty, to the top in 21/2 hrs. more. Admirable 
 view of the Miirtschenstock, " Todi, and Glarnisch. — The Fronalpstock 
 (6980'; similar view) is easily ascended by the Ennetberge and the Fronalp 
 in 5 hrs. — To the Muegthal from the Heuboden-Alp, by the Murtichen- 
 Alp (Oberstafel , 6063'), see p. 45 (to the Merlen-Alp direct, 2 hrs.; over 
 the ifurgxeefvr'kel to the Murgseen, 2V2 hrs.). — To Filzbaoh (8 hrs.; 
 guide unnecessary for experts), a fine route: w& cros& ih.e. Fronalp {Mittlere 
 5198', Ohen 6039'), pass between the Fronalpstock and Fahristock to the 
 (5 hrs.) Spannegg (510S'), skirt the little Spannegg-See (4757': with the 
 Miirtschenstock on our right, p. 44), and descend over the Platten-Alp to the 
 Thalalp-See (3810') anA(ShTS.)Filzbach (p. 45). — The rorder- Glarnisch (7648'), 
 from Glarus 01/2-6 hrs. (guide 13 fr. ; laborious), see p. 66.
 
 ^r^^"' 
 
 
 
 
 ^;^P^^^ 
 
 G
 
 ioLinththal. SCHWANDEN. I. Route 19. 61 
 
 The -Klonthal (p. 06) deserves a visit. Good road to the Klonthaler 
 fiee 4V2 M., thence to Voraum 4'/2 M. more (one-horse carr. there and' back 
 15. two-horse cavr. 20-26 fr.). 
 
 From Glarus over the Prcujel to Schwyz^ see R. 21 -, through the Sernf- 
 thal to Coire, see R. 22. 
 
 The railway to Linththal crosses the Linth six times. 44 M. 
 Ennenda (see p. 60). Near (451/2 M.) Mitlddi (1665'; Hirsch), and 
 again heyond it, we obtain a superb view of the Todi and its neigh- 
 bours, which are not visible beyond Schwanden. On the right bank 
 lies EnneUinth. The scenery is picturesque, the fertile valley with its 
 factories contrasting pleasantly with the rocky and wooded slopes 
 and the snow-mountains at its head. Pedestrians, who will also 
 find this valley attractive, follow the right bank of the Linth, via 
 Ennenda, EnneUinth, Sool, and Hasten, to Hdtzingen (see below). 
 
 47 M. Schwanden (1712'; Rail. Restaurant; *Schwandner Hof, 
 near the station ; Adler, pens. 5-6 fr.), with large factories, lies at 
 the junction of the Sernf-Thal or Klein-Thai with the Linth-Thal or 
 Gross-Thai. 
 
 Diligence to Elm, see p. 67. — To the Oberblegi-See (46S0'), a pleasant 
 excursion, by Nidfurn, in Shrs.^fme view of the Linththal and Todi. 
 We may also ascend Ity the charmintcly situated villages of Thon and 
 Schwandi to the (3V2 hrs.) Guppen-Alp (5510'), go on past the small Guppen- 
 Seeli and the Leuggelstock (5(373'J to the (1 hr.) Oberblegi Lake, and return 
 by Xidfurn. 
 
 The train crosses the Linth below the influx of the Sernf and 
 passes through the village of Schwanden. Beyond (48 M.) Nidfurn- 
 Haslen is Leuggelbach^ with a fine waterfall on the right. 50 M. 
 Luehsingen-Hcitzingen, two well-to-do villages, one on each bank 
 of the Linth. We cross the stream to (51 M.) B et schwanden- Dies - 
 bach (1958' ) ; on the left, the picturesque fall of the Diesbach. 
 
 The Saasberg (6467'), a spur of the Freiberg Range, easily ascended 
 from Eetschwanden, Kiiti. or Stachelberg in 3V4-4 hrs., commands a strik- 
 ing view of the head of the valley and the surrounding mountains. — 
 K&rpfstock {Hochkdrpf, 9177'), the highest of the Freiberge, laborious, and 
 suitable for e.xports only (with guide ; 7-8 hrs. from Betschwanden or Riiti, 
 via Bodmen-Alp and KiihthaT). 
 
 Beyond stat. Rati we cross the Linth for the last time. 53 M. 
 Linththal^ the terminus, lies on the left bank. About ^4 M. to the 
 N. are the favourite *Baths of Stachelberg (2178'; *Glamer's 
 Hotel, R., L., & A. ^[/oA, D. 31/2, S. 21/2 fr., B. 1 fr. 30 c., board 
 61/2 fr. , visitors' tax 1 fr. per week; de'pendance at the 'Seggen', 
 on the right bank), beautifully situated. The powerful sulphureous 
 alkaline water drops from a cleft in the Braunwaldberg , 11/2^^^- dis- 
 tant. The *View of the head of the valley is very striking : in the 
 centre is the Selbsanfl (9920'), to the right the Kammerstock (6975'), 
 and adjoining it part of the Todi to the left ; between the latter and 
 the Bifertenstock (11,240') lies the Biferten Glacier. Pleasant walks 
 have been laid out on the wooded hillside. — English Church Service 
 at the hotel in summer. 
 
 A road leads from the station to (8/4 M.) Linththal (2238'; pop. 
 2228; Bar ov Post; Rabe; Klausen^ all unpretending and good),
 
 62 I. Route 19. STACHELBERG. From Zurich 
 
 a considerable village on the right bank of the Linth, with large 
 spinning-mills and other factories. On the opposite bank lies En- 
 netlinth (p. 63). 
 
 ExcDRSioxs. Stachelberg is a good starting-point for exploring the 
 Todi region. (Guides: Heinrich and Peter Elmer of Elm, Salomon and 
 Adam Zweifel^ Heinrich Schiesser, Rob. Edmig, Thorn. Wichser, Jakob Notz, 
 and Friedrich Vogeli of Linththal; Fritz Brander, Heinrich Streiff, and 
 Abraham Stiissi, of Glarus. High charges.) To the '''Fatschhach-Fall (p. 64); 
 Pantenbriicke , -Ueli-Alp. and /Sandalp, see below ; also to the (IV2 hr.) 
 ^ Brau7maldberge (4920'; small Inn), a mountain hamlet with a magni- 
 ficent view of the Todi, best from beside the school, IV2 M. farther on; 
 to the Oberblegi-See (p. 61), etc. — Kammerstock (6975'), by the Kammer- 
 Alp, 4 hrs., repaying, and not difficult. — Ortstock, or Silberstock (8908'), 
 by the Alp Brdc'h and i\xe Furkel., 6 hrs., laborious: splendid view (guide 
 18 tr.). — Grieset, or Faulen (8940'), by the Braunwaldberge, 6 hrs., attract- 
 ive, and not difficult (guide 18 fr.). The Bose Faulen (9200'), the N. and 
 higher peak of the Grieset, is difficult (61/2-Thrs.; guide 30 fr.). These 
 peaks afl'ord an interesting survey of the stony wilderness around. Other 
 fine points are the P/annenstoek (8440'; 6 hrs.) and the Kivchberg (Hoher Thurm ; 
 8761'; 7 hrs., with guide). From the Faulen via the Dreckloch-Alp (5560') to 
 the Gldi-nisch-Hiltte (p. 66), 41/2 hrs. — Gemsfayrenstock (9758'), from the 
 Upper Sandalp (see p. 63), by the Beckenen and the Clariden Glacier in 
 31/2 hrs., not difficult. The descent may be made by the Gemsfayer-Alp 
 to the Urner-Boden (p. 64). 
 
 A road leads from Linththal (one-horse carr. from Stachelberg 
 8 fr. for 1/2 day, two-horse 12 fr. ; whole day 12 or 20 fr.) by the 
 Auengut€T{lnn 'Im Auen') to the (31/2 M.) Thierfehd (2680'; *H6tel 
 Todi, pens. 01/2 fr.), a green pasture surrounded by lofty mountains. 
 During the latter part of the route we have a view of the *Schreien- 
 bach Waterfall (230' high), which the morning sun tints with rain- 
 bow hues. Fine view from the ^Kdnzeli, ^/^ M. from the inn. 
 
 The beautiful Falls of the Linth^ in a romantic rocky basin below the 
 Pantenbriicke (see below), are best viewed from a point reached by turn- 
 ing to the left at the Kanzeli through wood and ascending the grassy 
 slope for about 1/2 br. (guide advisable). 
 
 A few paces beyond the Hotel a bridge crosses the Linth, beyond 
 which the stony path ascends for 1/2 hour. A slab on a large rock on 
 the left is to the memory of Dr. Wislicenus , who perished on the 
 GriJnhorn in 1866. The path then descends a little towards the rav- 
 ine, turns a corner, and reaches (i/4hr.) the *Pantenbriicke (3212'), 
 160' above the Linth, in the midst of imposing scenery. On the 
 right bank, a path ascends the grassy slope straight to the (i/4hr.) 
 *TJeli-Alp (3612'), where we enjoy a superb view of the Todi. 
 
 Thence we may either return by the same path to the Hotel Todi; or 
 we may ascend to the right to the (IV4 br.) Lower Baumgarten-Alp (5285'), 
 which lies on the right bank of the valley above the Thierfehd and presents 
 a magnificent view, and descend by a narrow and dizzy path (guide desi- 
 rable, but not always to be obtained at the Alp, which is usually empty 
 in summer) skirting' the precipice of the Tritt., turning to the left, 5 min. 
 beyond the Baumgarten-Alp, to Obort (3425'; *Inn, plain), and thence to 
 the right via the Auengiiter to (1 hr.) Linththal. For persons subject to 
 giddiness this excursion is preferable in the opposite direction; Linththal, 
 Auengiiter, Obort, Baumgarten-Alp, Ueli-Alp, Pantenbriicke. — A steep 
 path leads to theE. from the Baumgarten-Alp along precipitous grassy slopes 
 to (IV4 hr.) the rocks of the Thor (6755'), where it becomes easier and bends 
 totherightto(3|4hr.) the Nilschenalp (7270'), thence skirting ih& Muttenwdndli 
 to (11/4 hr.) the club-hut on the romantically situated Muttensee (8010'), the
 
 F 
 
 
 -i 

 
 to Linththal. TODI. L Route 19. 63 
 
 loftiest lake among the Swiss Alps. The hut, which has accommodation 
 for 20 persons , is the starting-point for the ascents of the Niitchenstock 
 (9500')- Biichi (9355'), Scheidslock (9220'), Ruchi (10,190, Hausstock (10,340), 
 Muttenttock (10,140'), Piz Dartgas (9135'), Bi/ertenstock (11,240'), Selbsan/l 
 (9920'), and other peaks. Over the Kisten Pass to Ilanz. see helow. 
 
 The 'Upper Sandalp (6358'), 3'/j hrs. above the Pantenbriicke, is frequently 
 vidited on account of its grand situation. The path ascends beyond the 
 Pantenbriicke to the right (that in a straight direction leads to the Uelialp, 
 see p. 62), crosses the Lhainern-Bach^ which descends from a narrow ravine, 
 and the Sand-Bach, and ascends on the left bank to the (1 hr.) Vordere 
 Sandalp (41C0' ; Refreshm.). The path now returns to the right bank. By 
 the Hintere Sandalp (4330') it crosses the Bifer ten- Bach, and then ascends the 
 steep and fatiguing slope of the Ochsenblanken , 2000' in height, where the 
 Sandbach forms a fine cascade. Lastly we recross to the left bank, where 
 the brook forces its passage through a gorge , and soon reach the 0^ hrs.) 
 chalets of the Upper Sandalp (Alpine fare and hay-beds in July and August). 
 The best point of view is 1/2 hr. beyond the chalets. 
 
 The Linth Valley is terminated by a magnificent group'of snow-mountains. 
 The giant of this group is the "Todi, or Piz Russein (11,887'; from Linththal 
 10-11 hrs.; only fit for experts; guide 40 fr. ; two guides required for one 
 traveller, or one guide for two travellersj, with its brilliant snowy crest, 
 the most conspicuous mountain of N.E. Switzerland, ascended for the first 
 time in 1837. The route from the Hintere Sandalp leads through the 
 Bi/ertenthal via the Miirenhlanken to the (4", 2 hrs. from Thierfehd) FridoUn Hut 
 of theS. A. C. (8080) on the Bi/erten-Alpeli, and thence up theBi/evien-Firn to 
 the summit, difficult at places, in 6 hrs. more. Magnificent view. We may 
 descend by the Porta da Spescha, between the Piz Mellen (11,085') and 
 Stockgron (11,215'), to the Val Russein and (6 hrs.) Disentis (p. 365; guide 
 50 fr.); or by the Gliemspforte (10,925'), between the Stockgron and the 
 Piz Urlaun, to the Gliems Glacier; then through a gap to the E. of the 
 Puntaiglfis Glacier and down the Val Puntaiglas to Truns (comp. p. 364). 
 — The Bifertenst9ck or Piz Durgin (11,240'), the second peak of the Todi 
 group, may be ascended from the Muttensee Club-hut (see above) via the 
 Kisten Pass (see below) and the '■FurggW in 6-7 hrs. (difficult; for expert 
 climbers only; guide 40 fr.). 
 
 Passes. From the Upper Sandalp a fatiguing route crosses the Saiid- 
 fim and the Sandalp Pass (9210') to Disentis in 6-7 hrs. (p. 365; guide 30 fr.); 
 another , laborious but interesting , crosses (8 hrs.) the Clakiden Pass 
 (9843") to the 3Iaderaner Thai (p. 115; guide 36 fr.). 
 
 Fkom Linththal over the Kisten Pass to Ilanz, 13 hrs. (guide 30 fr.), 
 fatiguing. Ascent by the (3 hrs.) Baumgarten-Alp to the (3 hrs.) Muttensee 
 Club-hut (see above). Thence via the Muttenalp, the Lattenfirn, and the Eisten- 
 band, high above the Limmemthal and opposite the Selbsanft and Bifer- 
 tenstock (with the Gries and Limmern glaciers), to the (11/2 hr.) Kisten Pass 
 (8200'), lying to the N. of the Kistenstdckli (^(m). Descent by the Alp Rubi 
 to (3 hrs.) Brigels (p. 363) and thence to the left to (21/2 hrs.) Ilanz (p. 361), 
 or to the right via Schlans to (2 hrs.) Truns (p. 364). 
 
 From Stachelberg by the Bisithal to MuotatI al^ see p. (J5. 
 
 20. From Stachelberg to Altdorf. Klausen. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 60, 78. 
 10 hrs. Bridle-path to I'nterschachen: from Stachelberg to Spitelniti 
 31/4, Klausen 2, Aelpli Aesch IV4, Unterschachen Ihr. ; road thence to (7 M.) 
 Altdorf (diligence every forenoon in I1/2 hr. ; 3 fr. 5 c. ; one horse carr. 10, 
 from Altorf to Unterschachen 15 fr.). Guide (18 fr.) unnecessary ; horse 
 to Unterschachen 27, to Altdorf 32 fr. 
 
 Leaving Stachelberg, we follow the left bank of the Linth, pass 
 Ennetlinth, cross the (I/2 t>r.) Frutbach (small waterfall), and ascend 
 to the right through wood ; 5 min. farther on (where the path divides.
 
 64 1. Route 20. KLAUSEN PASS. 
 
 we follow the lower track) we pass a fine *Waterfall of the Fdtschbach, 
 which descends from the Urner Boden. (In order to view the fall we 
 turn to the right, fifteen paces "before reaching the little hridge, and 
 ascend for 200 paces by a narrow path on the left bank. We then 
 return almost to the beginning of the path, and ascend the Frutberg, 
 on which we regain the bridle-path in 5 min.) The path ascends 
 rapidly through wood for 1 hr. (to the left a new path to the beautiful 
 Upper Fdtschbach Falls), then for the next 40 min. more gradually. 
 A wall and gate form the boundary between Glarus and Uri at the 
 point where the Scheidbdchli (4290') descends from the right. 
 
 The TJrner Boden (21/4 hrs. from Stachelberg), a broad grassy 
 and at places marshy valley, with a few groups of chalets, about 4M. 
 long and 1/2 ^- hroad, now begins. It is bounded on the N. by the 
 jagged ridge of the Jdgernstocke a,n(i. Mdrenberge, culminating in the 
 Ortstock (8908') , and on the S. by the glaciers and snow-fields of 
 the Clariden (10,728'). About 1/2 ^^- from the frontier of Glarus we 
 pass the Alpine tavern Zur Sonne, and then (25 min.) the chalets of 
 Spitelruti, with a chapel on a hill (4560'), 
 
 The path traverses the pasture for 72 1^^- more, and then ascends 
 a stony slope, passing (3/^ hr.) an excellent spring to the left, to the 
 (V4hr.) Klausen-Alp and the (Y^hr.) Klausen Pass (6437'). On the 
 W. side we descend the gentle slopes of the beautifully situated 
 Bodmer Alp (to the left, the Grosse Scheerhorn, 10,815'). After 
 1/2 hr., where the path divides, we turn to the left to the (5 min.) 
 chalets of the Lower Balm (5600') and cross the brook to a rocky 
 cleft, forming the approach to the Balmwand, which here descends 
 precipitously to the Schachenthal. The stony path descends in zig- 
 zags to the 0/2 hr.) Aelpli ('little Alp') Aesch (4173'; *H6t. Stdubi, 
 plain). To the left, the discharge of the Gries Glacier, on the N. 
 side of the Scheerhorn, forms the magnificent *Stduber Waterfall. 
 
 We now descend the wooded Schachenthal, on the left bank of 
 the turbulent Schdchenbach. On the right bank (35 min.) the Chapel 
 of St. Anna ; 10 min., we cross the stream ; Y4 hr., XJnterschachen 
 (3845'; '*H6tel Klausen, pens. 6 fr.), finely situated near the mouth 
 of the Brunni-Thalj at the head of which rises the Grosse Ruchen 
 (10,295') with its glaciers. (Over the Ruchkehlen Pass to the Maderaner 
 Thai, see p. 115.) To the N. rises the Schdchenthaler Windgdlle 
 (9052'), and farther W. the Kinzig Pass (p. 65), the scene of Suvoroff's 
 celebrated retreat. 
 
 A road descends the pretty valley, by Spiringen, Weiterschwanden, 
 and Trudelingen, to (5 M.) a stone bridge over the Schachenbach, and 
 thence to (1 M.) Burglen (p. 103) and (1 M.) Altdorf{sQe p. 102).
 
 65 
 21. From Schwyz to Glarus over the Pragel. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 78, 60. 
 
 11 hrs. Diligence from Schwyz to (6 M.) Muotathal twice daily in 
 11/2 hr. (1 fr. 55 c); carriage with one horse 9, with two horses 14 fr. 
 From Muotathal over the Pragel to (41/4 hrs.) Richisau, a bridle-path, 
 unattractive ; guide advisable, especially early and late in the season when 
 the pass is covered with snow (18 fr. ; Melchior Biirgler, Jos. Gwerder or 
 Xav. Hediger of Muotathal). Ko inn between Muotathal and Richisau. The 
 pass being uninteresting, it is preferable to visit the Muotathal, as far as 
 the Suvoroff bridge, from Schwyz or Brunnen, and the Klonthal from Glarus 
 (see p. 61). 
 
 Schwyz, see p. 101. The road ascends to the S. through or- 
 chards and meadows (view of the Lake of Lucerne to the rightl, and 
 in a wooded ravine at the foot of the Giebel (3010') reaches the Muota, 
 which flows through a deep rocky channel. Opposite, to the right, 
 is Ober-Schonenbuch , upon which the French were driven back by 
 Suvoroff in 1799. Farther up the Muota ravine (2^2 M.), but not 
 visible from the road, is the Suvoroff Bridge, which was contested 
 by the Russians and the French for two days. (At a sharp bend 
 in the road, 21/2 M. from Schwyz, a road descends to the right to 
 this bridge in 3min.; we may then return to Schwyz through wood 
 and pastures on the left bank, a pleasant walk of 2 hrs. in all.) 
 Beyond (2'/2 M.") Eied (1855'; Adler) , on the left, is the pretty 
 fall of the Gstubtbach , at first descending perpendicularly , and 
 then gliding over the rock. At (1 M.) Follmis (1900') we cross the 
 Muota and pass t\e Mettelbachfallin the Kesseltobel. Then (2 M.) — 
 
 8M. Muotathal (1995'; pop. 2015; *Kreuz; *Hirsch, moderate; 
 Krone), the capital of the valley, with the Franciscan Nunnery of St. 
 Joseph, founded in 1280, in which Suvoroff had his headquarters 
 in 1799. Fine rock scenery and waterfalls in the vicinity. 
 
 Over the Kinzig Pass to Altdokf, 8 hrs., fatiguing (guide unnecessary 
 for adepts). After following the Pragel route for !/•» ^^-i we diverge liy 
 the Muota bridge to the right, and ascend the Huri-Thal, passing the cha- 
 lets of Lipplisbiihl and Wangi, to the (3V2 brs.) Kinzig Pass (Kinzigkulm 
 QT Kinzerkulm; 6790'), lying to the S.E. of the Faideii (8150'). Limited view. 
 Then a rapid descent to the Schdchenthal (p. 64), Weiterschicanden, and 
 Burglen (p. 103). The Kinzig Pass is famous for the masterly retreat of Suvo- 
 roff, who, when cut off from the Lake of Lucerne by the French in Sept. 1799, 
 marched with his army through the Schachentha'l to the Muotathal, thence 
 over the Pragel to Glarus, and lastly over the Panixer Pass to Coire. 
 
 Thkough the Bisithal to Stachelbekg, 10 hrs., rough but attractive; 
 guide necessary. Good path (at first a road) through the narrow Bisithal, 
 watered by the Muota, to (2V2 brs.) Schicarzenbach (Sio'd' ; *Inn), with a fine 
 fall of the Muota; steep ascent thence to the left to the (3 hrs.) Alp Melchberg 
 (6293'); then across the dreary Karrenalp between the Kirchberg and Faulen 
 (p. 62), and down the Braunwaldalp to (4V2 hrs.) Stachelberg. Another and 
 more interesting route is the following (10-11 hrs., with guide). From Schwar- 
 zenbach through wood and meadows (path generally well discernible) to the 
 (IV4 hr.) 'Waldibach/all, the finest waterfall of Central Switzerland; ascend 
 thence to the left to th..; (2 hrs.) Glait Alp, with the pretty blue Glatten-See 
 (6090*), surrounded by lofty cliffs, and to the (3 hrs.) top of the Ortstock ^^v 
 Silberstock {^SiQ"^' ; p. 62); descend via the Brdch-Alp to (3-3V2 hrs.) Stachel- 
 berg. — Or from the Waldibachfall we may ascend to the right over the 
 Waldi-Alp and Ruos-Alp to the (3 hr<!.) Ruosalper Kulm C71'25'), descend to 
 
 Babdkkek, Switzerland. 15tli Edition. 5
 
 66 /. Route 21. KLONTHAL. 
 
 the Kdsem-Alp^ turn to the left, and reach the (I'A hr.) Balmalp on the 
 Klausen route (see p. 64). 
 
 To SisiKoN THROUGH THE RiEMENSTALDENTHAL and across the Katzen- 
 zagel (4888'), a footpath, 7 hrs. (unattractive). 
 
 From Muotathal the path leads to the (Y2 l^r-) foot of the Stal- 
 den, and then ascends a toilsome and stony slope to (1 hr.) a group 
 of houses (fine retrospect); V4^^- farther on, it crosses the Starzlen- 
 bach by the Klosterberg Bridge, to the left, and ascends rapidly to 
 the right to two houses ; 40 min., by a gate, we descend to the right, 
 and cross the brook; 10 min., a cross; 5 min. , a cattle-shed in a 
 picturesque valley; ^/^hx.jihe Sennebrunnen, with excellent water ; 
 5 min., refuge-hut; 5 min., a cross. Lastly, almost level, to the [25 
 min.) chalets on the marshy Pragel (5060'; no view). 
 
 The path, at first steep and stony, now descends to the (^/^hr.) 
 chalets of the Schwellaui (4367'), and then leads through wood; 
 1/4 hr., the Neuhiittli (4193'); here we turn to the right towards a 
 large pine, where the pretty Klonthal and its lake become visible; 
 1/2 tr. KicMsau (3590'; *Kurhaus, moderate, pens. 5-7 fr.), a rich 
 green pasture with fine groups of trees, to the N. of which tower 
 the Wannenstoclc (6495') and Ochsenkopf (7155'), and to the S. 
 the furrowed slopes of the Silbern (7570'). 
 
 The Schwannhohe, an old moraine, V2 M. to the E. of the Kurhaus, 
 aftords a beautiful view of the Klonsee, Schild, Glarnisch, and (to the S.) the 
 Faulen. Attractive excursions may be made to the W. to the (2V2 hrs.) Gross 
 on the Saasberg (6225' ; pass to the Sihlthal and Einsiedeln) and to (5 min.) 
 the Sihlseeli (5985'); to the S. to (3 hrs.) the top of the Silbern aSTO'), 
 with fossils and interesting furrowed slopes; to the Glarnisch (see below: 
 to the club-hut 4 hrs., thence to the tup 3 hrs.); to the top of the Faulen 
 (Grieset, 8953') via the DrecJcloch-Alp in 6 hrs. (with guide), descending to 
 (4 hrs.) Stachelberg (p. 62); to the N., via (1 hr) the Schweitialp to (31/2 hrs.) 
 Hintericdggithal (comp. p. 42); to the tup of the Ochsenkopf (libb' \ 872 hrs. ; 
 with guide); fo the top of the Soft eye (5 hrs. ; seep. 60) via Ldngenegg, etc. 
 
 From Richisau a road descends, across a fine open pasture, in 
 full view of the imposing Glarnisch, to (1 hr.) Vorauen (2640'; 
 * Hotel-Pension Klonthal, pens. 6^/2- 71/9 fr. ; Aebli^s Inn, plain), 
 beautifully situated in the Klonthal. 
 
 The ^Glarnisch , the huge rocks of which bound the Klonthal on the 
 S. side, one of the most picturesque mountains in Switzerland, culmin- 
 ates in the Vorder- Glarnisch (7648'), the Vrenelisgdrtli or Mittler-Gldrnisch 
 (9535'), the Ruchen- Glarnisch (9557'), and the BdcMstock or Hinter-Gldrnisch 
 (9583'). The ascent of the Ruchen-Glarnisch is not difficult for moun- 
 taineers (71/2 hrs.; guide 25 fr. ; see p. 62). We cross the Richisauer and 
 Rossmatter Klon, to the W. of Vorauen, to the huts on (40 min.) the 
 Klonstalden (3450' ; direct path hither from Richisau in 25 min.), then enter 
 the -aArrow Rossmatter Thai (redmarks), pass the chalets ot Kdsern (3968') and 
 Werben (4562'), and reach the (31/2 hrs.) Club Hut in the Steinthdli (6613'; 
 •Inn in summer). We next ascend steep stony slopes and cross the Gldr- 
 nischfim, regain the rock, and reach the top in 3 hrs. from the hut. Grand 
 A'iew (panorama by Heim). — Ascent of the Forder-Gldrnisch from Glarus, 
 laborious (51/2-6 hrs. ; comp. p. 61). 
 
 Ascent of the Scheye (Wiggis) from Vorauen, see p. 60. Over the 
 Schweitialp Pass to the Wdggithal, see p. 42. 
 
 The *K16nthal is a picturesque dale, with meadows of freshest 
 green, carpeted with wild -flowers until late in the autumn, and 
 thinly peopled. To the S. rise the almost perpendicular precipices
 
 SERNFTHAL. /. Route 22. 67 
 
 of the Gldrnisch (see above). The T^aAe-gxeen Klonthaler See(2Q4:0^, 
 11/2 M. from Vorauen, a lake 2 M. long and 1/3 M. broad, enhances 
 the beauty of the valley, reflecting in calm weather the minutest 
 furrows on the side of the Glarnisch. The rocks on the S. bank, 
 near a waterfall, bear an inscription to the poet Salomon Gessner 
 (d. 1787), who often spent the summer in a neighbouring chalet. 
 The road skirts the N. bank. Boat across tlit- lake in 50 miii., 
 172^1. ; a steam-launch also plies on the lake. At the (SV-j ^I-j 
 Seeriiti, at the lower end of the lake (fine views), is a small Inn. 
 
 Below the lake the valley narrows to a gorge, through which 
 dashes the Lontsch, the discharge of the lake, forming a series of 
 cascades amid grand rocky scenery down to its confluence with the 
 Linth, below Netstall. To the left rise the huge perpendicular clifl's 
 of the Wiggis Chain (p. 59). We obtain a pretty view of the deep 
 ravine from the iron foot-bridge , which crosses to the Kohlgruhli 
 Inn, beside a (2/4 hr.) guide-post, below the road to the right. 
 
 The road divides at the (3/^ M.) Staidengarten inn. The loft 
 branch leads to (2M.) Netstall (p. 60), the right crosses the Lontsch 
 to (1 M.) Riedern and (I1/4 M.) Glarus (p. 60). In descending we 
 enjoy a fine view of the Fronalpstock, the Schild, and the Freiberge 
 (between the Linth and Sernf valleys). 
 
 22. From Glarus to Coire through the Sernf- Thai. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 60. 
 
 16-18 hrs. Kailwat from Glarus to Schwanden, IT min. ; Diligence 
 (2 fr. 55 c.) from Schwanden to (9^,2 M.) Elm twice daily in 23/4 hrs. (descent, 
 13/4 hr.). — From Elm to Flims over the Segnes Pass, 8-9 hrs., guide 20 fr. 
 (p. 68); to Ilanz over the Panixer Pass, 9 hrs., guide 18 fr. — From Flims 
 to Coire Diligence twice daily in 21/4 hrs. ; from Flims to Reichenau a plea- 
 sant walk ; thence to Coire driving is preferable (diligence 4 times daily). 
 
 At Schwanden (p. 61), 3 M. to the S, of Glarus, the deep Sernf- 
 Thal, or Klein-Thai , diverges to the left from the Linththal. The 
 high-road gradually ascends the N. slope. Beyond (II/2 M.) Wart 
 is a pretty waterfall on the left; fine retrospective view of the 
 Glarnisch. 3 M. £"71^4 (2540'; pop. 1164; *Sonne), with cotton- 
 mills, at the mouth of the narrow Miihlebach-Thal. (Passage of 
 the Widerstein-Furkel to the Murgthal, see p. 45.) The slate- 
 quarries (Plattenberge) on the left bank of the Sernf are noted for 
 their fossil fish. From (2 M.) Matt (2710') a path to the N. p:. 
 leads in 6 hrs. through the Krauchthal and over the Rieseten Pass 
 (6644') to Weisstannen (p. 46). 
 
 3 M. (91/2 M. from Schwanden) Elm (3215' ; J. Elmer ; Zentncr). 
 the highest village in the valley, in a fine basin encircled by snow- 
 mountains, was partly destroyed by a landslip on 11th Sept., 1881. 
 
 From the Tschiugellerg, above the slate -quarries to the S.E. of the 
 village, between the Risikopf and the Oelhe Kopf, a rock about 1300' in 
 breadth, 320' in thickness, and 800' in height, became detached and was 
 precipitated over a steep slope, with a gradient of about 70: 100, into the 
 valley 1480' below, covering it for a distance of 1 M. with an enormous 
 
 5*
 
 68 Route 22. SEGNES PASS. 
 
 mass of debris, upwards of 225 acres in area. ITearly the whole Unter- 
 thal, the garden of the village, with 22 dwelling-houses and 57 other 
 buildings, was destroyed; 114 persons perished; and the damage was 
 estimated at nearly IV2 million fr. The church bears a memorial tablet 
 recording the names ' of the deceased. 
 
 Ascents (for experts only; guides Heinrich and Peter Elmer, see p. 62). 
 The Kdrpf stock (9180'), by the Wichlen-Alp, 6 hrs. (laborious, but, with 
 good guides, free from danger). — The Vordb (9925'), by the Sether Furka 
 (see below), 7-8 hrs. — The Hausstock (10,340'), the Piz Segues (10,230'), 
 and the Saurenstock (10,025') are more difficult. 
 
 Passes. To Flims ovee the Segnes Pass, 8 hrs., fatiguing, but 
 interesting (guide, 18 fr., necessary). We cross the Sernf, amidst the re- 
 mains of the landslip, and the Raminbach , and ascend the wild gorge 
 of the Tsclmigelnbach, which forms several picturesque falls, to the Tsdiin- 
 aelit-Alp. We then mount steep grassy and stonv slopes to the (5 hrs.) 
 Segnes Pass (8615') , lying to the S.W. of the Piz Segnes (10,230'). To 
 the right rise the jagged Tsddngelhorner or Mannen (9452'), perforated by 
 the Martinsloch (8648'), a hole through which the sun shines on the 
 church of Elm twice a year. We descend over the short but steep Segnes 
 Glacier (easy except in the absence of snow, when rope and ice-axe are 
 useful), then by a steep path, which afterwards improves, to the Flimser 
 Alpen, and thence past a pretty waterfall (to the left the huge Flimser 
 Stein, p. 361) to (3 hrs.) Flims (p. 361). 
 
 To Ilanz ovee the Panixee Pass, 9 hrs. (guide 18 fr.), fatiguing 
 and unattractive, but historically famous for Suvoroff's retreat of 5th-10th 
 Oct., 1799 (comp. p. 66). A road ascends on the left bank of the Sernf 
 from Elm by Einter-Steinibach to the (40 min.) Erbserbrucke; 25 min. farther 
 up, at Wallenbrugg, we cross the Sernf and ascend bv a steep, rugged path 
 to the chalets of the Jatzalp {Im Loch , 4822'; Ober-Staffel , 5587'). We 
 next cross the Walenboden, pass the Einkenkopf, traverse a patch of snow 
 (with a small tarn on the left), and reach the (SVa hrs.) Panixer Pass 
 {Cuolm da Pignieu; 7907'), with its refuge-hut. On the right rises the 
 Hausstock (see above), with the Meer Glacier. Descent over the Meer-Alp and 
 the wild Ranasca-Alp to (2V2 hrs.) Panix (4334'; Panixer Pass Inn), and via 
 Ruis to (2 hrs.) Ilanz (p. 361). — Another route, fatiguing and uninteresting, 
 crosses the Sether Furka (8565'). It diverges from the Panix route to the 
 left, by the tarn above mentioned, and ascends steeply to the pass. De- 
 scent by the Ruscheiner Alp and the Sether Tobel to (9 hrs.) Ilanz (p. 361). 
 
 To Weisstannen bt the Foo Pass, 7 hrs., rather rough (guide 15 fr.). 
 We ascend the right bank of the Eaminbach, chiefly through wood, to the 
 Ramin-Alp., and past the chalets of Matt (6179'), to the (4 hrs.) Foo Pass, 
 or Ramin Pass (7333'); then descend by the Foo-Alp and the Unter-Siez- 
 Alp (4377') to the Seez Valley and (3 hrs.) Weisstannen (p. 46; 3 hrs. from Mels). 
 
 To Vattis ovee the Saedona Pass, 10-11 hrs., difficult, and rarely 
 traversed (guide 30 fr.). From the Segnes Pass (see above) we clamber 
 round the abrupt W. side of the Piz Segnes to the Sauren Glacier and 
 the Sardona Pass (about 9680'), between the Piz Segnes and the Saurenstock 
 (10,025'). Very steep descent to the Segnes Glacier, which we cross to the 
 Sardona Glacier; then a rugged descent to the Sardona- Alp (5735'), in the 
 Kalfeuser Thai., 3 hrs. above Vattis (p. 346). — Another difficult and labo- 
 rious pass from Elm to Vattis (9-10 hrs.) is the Scheibe Pass, between the 
 Saurenstock and the Grosse Scheibe (9620'). — Ovee the Muttesthaler 
 Grat, 10-11 hrs. to Vattis, less difficult, but rough and fatiguing (guide 25 fr.). 
 From the (4 hrs.) Foo Pass (see above) we first descend to the Obere 
 Foo-Alp., then ascend to the right through the Muttenihal to the basin of 
 the Haibiitzli, with a small tarn (7693'), and thence to the (3 hrs.) Mutten- 
 thaler Grat (about 8200'). Eough desceut over the Malanser Alp to (2 hrs.) 
 St. Martin (4433') in the Kalfeuser Thai and (2 hrs.) Vattis (p. 346). 
 
 To Linththal, by the Richetli Pass (7428'), 8 hrs., not difficult ; *View 
 of the Hausstock, Vorab, and Glarnisch. Descent by the Durnachthal.
 
 II. LAKE OF LUCERNE AND ENVIRONS. 
 THE 8T. GOTTHARD. 
 
 23. From Zurich to Zug and Lucerne 70 
 
 i. Jiailway Journey 70 
 
 Excursions from Zug: Felsenegg and Schcinfels. Stalac- 
 tite Caverns in the HoUe, 71. — Sctonbrunn. Menzingen. 
 Agerithal, 72, 
 ii. From Zurich to Zug via Horgeu 73 
 
 24. Lucerne 73 
 
 From Lucerne to Kriens and Herrgottswald, 77. 
 
 25. Lake of Lucerne 78 
 
 Weissenfluh. From Beckenried to Seelisberg. Buochser 
 Horn. Hochfluh. Vitznauer Stock, 80. — Kurhaus Seelis- 
 berg. Seelisberger Kulm, 81. — Morschach, Axenfels, 
 Axenstein, 82. — Stoos, Frolinalpstock, 83. — Kiemen- 
 staldenthal. Eophaien. Kossstock. Kaiserstock, 84. — 
 IsenthaL Uri-Rothstock, 85. 
 
 26. The Rigi . 85 
 
 27. From Lucerne to Alpnach-Stad. Pilatus 92 
 
 Biirgenstock. From Stansstad to Sarnen, 93. 
 
 28. From Zug and Lucerne to Arth 95 
 
 i. From Zug to Arth. Lake of Zug 95 
 
 ii. From Lucerne to Kussnacht and Arth 96 
 
 St. Michaelskreuz, 97. 
 
 29. From Zurich via Wadensweil to Arth-Goldau. From 
 Biberhriicke to Einsiedeln 97 
 
 Feusisberg. Hiitteu. Gottschalkenberg, 97. — From Pfiif- 
 fikon to Einsiedeln; the Etzel, 98. — From Einsiedeln 
 to Schwyz over the Hacken or the Iberger Egg. The 
 Schlagstrasse, 99. — Rossberg, 100. 
 
 30. From Lucerne to Bellinzona. St. Gotthard Railway . 100 
 
 Goldau Landslip, 101. — The 3Iythen, 101. — Schachen- 
 thal; Rossstock; Belmistock. Erstfelder Thai, 103. — 
 Bristenstock; Hoher Faulen. ThejSt. Gotthard Road from 
 Amsteg to Goschenen, 104. — Pizzo Rotondo ; Passo dei 
 Sassi. Val Piora; Taneda, etc., 106, 107. 
 
 31. From Goschenen to Airolo over the St. Gotthard . . 109 
 
 The Goschenen Valley. Passes to Realp, the Trift Glacier, 
 and the Steinalp. The Fleckistock, 109. — The Badus 
 or Six Madun, Gurschenstock and Gamsstock, 111. — 
 Lucendro Lake, 112. — The Pizzo Centrale; Prosa ; 
 Fibbia; Piz Lucendro; Pizzo Rotondo ; Sorescia, 112. — 
 From the St. Gotthard over the Orsino Pass to Realp, and 
 over the Lccki Pass to the Furka, 113. 
 
 32. The Maderaner Thai 113 
 
 Hiili Glacier, 114. — Diissistock; Oberalpstock, etc., 
 
 115. — Clariden Pass; Hiili Pass; Kammliliicke ; Ruch- 
 kehlen Pass ; Scheerhorn-Griggeli Pass ; Brunni Pass, 115. 
 
 33. From Goschenen to the Rhone Glacier. The Furka . 116 
 
 From Eealp over the Cavanna Pass to the Val Eedretto, 
 
 116. — Tiefengletscher; Tiefensattel; Winterlucke, 117. 
 — Fiirkahorn; Muttenhorn ; Galenstock. From the Furka 
 over the Xiigelisgratli to the GrimselHospice, 117. 
 
 5
 
 70 II. Route 23. URDORF. 
 
 34. From Lucerne to Altdorf via Stans and Engelberg. 
 
 The Surenen Pass 118 
 
 Stanser Horn, 118. — Niederrickenbach. 119. — Excur 
 sions from Engelberg: Oberscbwand ; Tatscbbach Fall; 
 Eigithalstock ; Engelberg - Eothstock ; Uri - Rotbstock ; 
 Schlossberg; Titlis; Spannort, 120, 121. — FromEngel-, 
 berg to Erstfeld over the Spannortjocb or the Schloss- 
 berg-Liicke; to Wasen over the Grassen Pass; to the 
 Steinalp over the Wendenjoch, 121. 
 
 35. From Lucerne over the Briinig to Meiringen and 
 Brienz (Interlaken) 122 
 
 The Melchthal ; over the Storregg or the 'Juchli to 
 Engelberg; Xiinalpborn ; Hutstock. Excursions from 
 Melchsee-Frutt, 123. — The Sehwendi-Kaltbad, 123. — 
 Giswiler Stock, 124. — From Briinig to Meiringen, 125. 
 
 36. From Meiringen to Engelberg. Engstlen-Alp. Joch 
 Pass 125 
 
 From the Engstlenalp to Melchsee-Frntt. Schafberg, 
 Graustock, etc. Ascent of the Titlis from the Engstlen- 
 alp. From the Engstlenalp over the Satteli to the Gad- 
 menthal, 126. 
 
 37. From Meiringen to Wasen. Susten Pass 127 
 
 Triftthal. Excursions from the Trifthiitte (Dammastock, 
 etc.) ; over the Triftlimmi to the Rhone Glacier ; Furt- 
 wang-Sattel and Steinlimmi, 127, 128. — From the 
 Stein Inn over the Sustenlimmi or the Thierberglimmi 
 to the Goscheneralp ; Brunnenstock, 128. 
 
 38. From Lucerne to Bern. Entlebuch. Emmenthal ; . 129 
 
 Schwarzenberg; Bramegg Route; Schimberg Bad,' 129. 
 — From Schiipfheim to Sorenberg. The Napf, 130. — 
 Kiittihubelbad, 131. 
 
 39. From Lucerne to Lenzburg {Aarau). The 'Seethal' 
 Railway 131 
 
 Excursions from Hochdorf: Hohenrain; Horben; Ober- 
 reinach, etc., 131. — From Hitzkirch to Wohlen by 
 Fahrwangen, 132. — From Beinwyl to Eeinach and 
 Menzikon; Homberg, 132. — From Boniswyl to Fahr- 
 wangen; Brestenberg, 132. 
 
 23. From Zurich to Zug and Lucerne. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 38, 78. 
 
 1. Railway Journey. 
 
 411/2 M. Railway to Zug in li/a hr. (4 fr. 5, 2 fr. 85, 2 fr. 5 c.) ; to 
 Lucerne in 21/3 hrs. (7 fr., 4fr. 90, 3 fr. 50 c. 
 
 On leaving the station the train crosses the Sihl, and at (21/2 M.) 
 Altstetten diverges from the Bale line (p. 21). To the left rises the 
 long Uetliberg (p. 38), which the line skirts in a wide curve. To 
 the right the pretty valley of the Limmat. 51/2 M. JJrdorf; 8 M. 
 Birmensdorf. We now follow the pleasant Reppisch-Thal. To the 
 left the hotel on the Uetliberg. The train ascends through a tunnel 
 under the Ettenberg to (12 M.) Bonstetten-Wettschwyl (1805'). To 
 the right the Bernese Alps and Pllatus ; and to the left, farther on,
 
 ZUG. II. Route 23. 71 
 
 the Engelberg Alps, with the Uri-Roth stock and the Titlis, become 
 visible. H M. Hedingen; 1 5 V2 M. A/foH^rn (Lowe). To the left 
 rises the Aeugster Berg [2723'), at the foot of which lie Aeugst and 
 the Baths of Wengi. — 18 M. jMettmenstetten (1550'). 
 
 Diligence 3 times daily in 55 niin. to Hausen (1980'; "Lowe), at the 
 W. base of the Albix (p. 39); near it is the excellent hydropathic Kurhaus 
 of AlMsbrunn (Dr. Paravicini). Is&air Kappel, IV2 M. to "the S., on the road 
 to Baar (p. 73), Zwingli was slain on 11th Oct. 1531, in battle against the 
 Rom. Cath. cantons (comp. p. 36). 
 
 20 M. Knonau { Kdlex). Near Zug we cross the Lorze, which 
 descends from the Ageri-See (p. 72). 
 
 241/oM. Zug. — Hotels: *'Hirschen^ R., L,, <fe A. 3, D., incl. wine, 31/2, 
 pens. 5-7' fr.; *Odmn; "Lotcen, on the lake, R., L., & A. 2V2, B. 1 fr. 20 c., 
 good beer in the restaurant; "Hotel Bahnhof, with garden -restaurant; 
 Hotel Rigi, near the station, moderate: Falken; Bellevue; Wiclder ; "Pens. 
 Gtiggithah on the road toFelsenegg; Restaurant Aklin, ne&T the Zcitthurm. 
 
 Zug (1385'), the capital of the smallest Swiss canton, with 
 5161 inhab., lies on the lake of that name. The lower town, part 
 of which was undermined by the lake on July 5th, 1887, has fine 
 Quays, commanding beautiful views of the lake, the Rigi, Pilatus, 
 and the Bernese Alps. The upper and old towns still retain a quaint 
 and mediaeval appearance, with their walls, towers, and substantial 
 mansions. In the Old Rathhaus (now a restaurant) is a handsome 
 late-Gothic apartment containing a museum of wood-carvings and 
 other antiquities of Zug (adm. 50 c.). The Gothic Church of St. 
 Oswald (15th cent.) contains a Last Judgment by P. Deschwanden, 
 and the Church of the Capuchins an Entombment by Calvaert. In 
 the Arsenal are preserved ancient captured weapons and flags, and 
 a scarf stained with the blood of its bearer Peter Collin, who fell at 
 Arbedo in 1422. Handsome new Government Buildings in the 
 Renaissance style. "Well-equipped Fish-breeding Ponds. Above the 
 town are the handsome educational institutions of Minerva and St. 
 Michael, and the nunnery of Maria Opferung. On the (2/4 M.) 
 Rosenberg (Restaurant) is the interesting Swiss Museum of Bee- 
 Culture. 
 
 On the W. slope of the Zitger Berg, IV2 hr. from Zug (good road ; om- 
 nibus from the station at 11 and 6; fare 2V2 fr.), are the *Hotel Felsenegg 
 (3085'; pens. 7-S fr. ; English Church Service in summer), with a fine view 
 towards the \Y. and (6 min. to the N.) the *Kurhaus Schonfels (R. 2-3, pens. 
 71/2-9 fr.), with hydropathic estab. and pleasant grounds, also commanding 
 a beautiful view. This spot is recommended for a prolonged stay ; pleasant 
 wood-walks. The (1/4 hr.) "Hochwacht (3250,1/4 51. to the N.E., commands 
 a complete survey of the Alpine chain; below us, to the E., lies the Lake 
 of Ageri (p. 72). — Pretty walks also to the (20 min.) Hungigiltsch (12400*; 
 view interrupted by trees) and the (• 2 hr.) Horbachgiitsch fcJOTO'), which 
 affords a charming view of the lakes oi' Zug and Lucerne and the Rigi. — 
 The ascent of the (2^/z hrs.) Wildspitz {liossberg, p. 100) is an attractive 
 expedition, over mountain-pastures with rich flora. 
 
 In the wild valley of the Lorze, to t!ie IS'.W. of zug, are the in- 
 teresting 'Stalactite Caverns in the Holle, to which a road leads via Baar 
 (p. 73) in IV2 hr. (carriage with one horse from Zug.and back, 5-7 fr. and 
 fee), and a footpath (1 hr.) via Thalucker (road to Ageri, see below) arid 
 the Tobel-Briicke. The caverns, at one time full of water, were made ac- 
 cessible in 1887 and arc open from Easter Monday to Oct. loth. They
 
 72 11. Route 23. ROTHKREUZ. 
 
 contain magnificent stalactite formations of various shapes, besides 
 stalagmites. Admission, 1 fr. ; guide and key at the 0/4 M.) Restaurant 
 Hdll (trout). From the caverns a route leads via the Tobel-Briicke to 
 (2 M.) Schonbrunn (see belov?). 
 
 On the Menzingen hills above the Lorze, 41/2 M. to the E. of Zug 
 (diligence twice daily, 1 fr. 35, coupe 1 fr. 60c.) and V2M. from the diligence 
 station of Edlibach, is Dr. Hegglin's well managed "Schonbrunn Hy- 
 dropathic (2215' ■■, board with baths 7, R. 11/2-4 fr.), with sunny terrace and 
 forest-walks, much frequented by French visitors. The view from the 
 chapel (2230') extends as far as the Jura. — About 6 M. to the E. of Zug 
 (diligence twice daily in i3 4hr.) is the prettily situated village of Men- 
 zingen (2685'; '^Lowe; Eii'sch) with a large convent-school for girls; and 
 1 M. farther on, beyond the Edlibach is the *Pens. Schwandegg (2770' 5 pens. 
 41/2-5 fr.), with pine-cone and other baths. The summit of the Schteandegg- 
 Giiisch commands a view of the Lake of Zurich and of the Sentis range. 
 
 Agerithal. A road (diligence to Uberageri twice daily in 2hrs.) ascends 
 through a fruitful district via Thalacker (route at the bend to the left to 
 Schonbrunn, the Holle caverns, and Menzingen, see above) and Inkenberg to 
 (3 M.) Allenicinden (2320'). Thence it descends into the valley of the winding 
 Lorze (on a hill on the other side of the stream is the nunnery of Gubel) 
 to (l'/2M.)i\''eMa5'en, and past Muhlebach, with its large cotton factories, to 
 (IV2 M.) ITnterageri (*^V<'''''^o/; Briicke; Post), a handsome industrial vill- 
 age with a new Gothic church, on the Agerisee (see below). The road 
 skirts the lake, flanked by pretty villas, to (IV2 ^1-) the pleasant mountain 
 village of Oberdgeri (*Lowe-, Ochs). In a picturesque situation on the 
 lake," between Unterageri and Oberageri, is Dr. Hiirlimanns private Hos- 
 pital for children ; and on the hill, farther hack, is a Sanitarium for scrof- 
 ulous children, erected by the Zurich benevolent society. — Excvesioss 
 from Unterageri through the HUrithal and via the Rossberg-Alps to the 
 (21/2 hrs.) summit of the Wildspitz {Rossberg , see p. 100); from Ober- 
 ageri to the (IV2 hr.) Gottschalkenberg (p. 97), etc. 
 
 On the pretty Agerisee (2380'; 31/2 M. in length) a steamboat plies 4 
 times daily from" Unterageri in 3/4 hr. past the stations of Oberdgeri, Ldndli, 
 and Eierhals. to Morgarten, at the E. extremity; thence to the rail, station 
 of Sattel-Ageri (p. 99) omnibus in 59 min. Stat. Eierhals (Pension) com- 
 mands a picturesque *View, comprising the Uri-Rothstock, Kriinte, etc. 
 Between Eierhals and Morgarten are the houses of Hasehnatt, where on 
 16th Nov., 1315. the Confederates in the Battle of Morgarten won their 
 first victory over their Hapsburg oppressors commanded by Duke Leopold of 
 Austria. A memorial chapel, containing a representation of the battle, 
 was erected at St. Jakob, 1 M. from the S.E. end of the lake and 3/4 m. 
 from Sattel, where a commemoration service is held annually on the day 
 of the battle. 
 
 The train backs ont of the station and skirts the flat N. bank of 
 the Lake of Zug (p. 95), crosses the Lorze near its influx into the 
 lake, and r ecrosses it at its efflux near (27 1/2 M.) Cham (*Eabe), a vill- 
 age with a slender zinc-covered church-tower and a large manufactory 
 of condensed milk. Pretty view of the lake to the left; on the hill 
 above Zug are the summer-resorts just mentioned; in the middle 
 rises the Rigi; and to the right are the Stanser Horn, the Engelberg 
 Alps, and Pilatus. Beyond (31 M.) Kothkrenz (1410'; Rail. Re- 
 staurant), the junction of the St. Gotthard(p. 100) and the Muri and 
 Aarau (p. 22) lines, we enter the valley of the Reuss. 33 M. Qisi- 
 kon. Through an opening to the left we survey the Rigi, from the 
 Kulm to the Rothstock. 37 M. Ebikon. To the right rises the wooded 
 Hundsrucken. The train skirts the Rothsee, 1 1/2 M. long, and crosses 
 the Reuss by a bridge 178 yds. long. The line now unites with the
 
 T.UCERNE. 27. Route 24. 73 
 
 Swiss Central (p. 21) and the Lucerne and Bern lines (p. 1291, and 
 finally passes through a tunnel under the Oiitsch (p. 77). 
 411/2 M. Lucerne, see below. 
 
 ii. From Ziiricli to Zug viS. Horgen. 
 
 Railway from Zurich to (11 M.) Horgen in i'2br. (steamer in lV4lir., 
 see p. 39). Post Omnibus daily (8.15 a, m.) from Horgen to (121/2 M.) Zug 
 in 2 hrs. 35 min. (2 fr. 80 c); one-horse carr. in 2 hrs,, 12 fr. 
 
 To Horgen (1394'), see p. 41. The road ascends in windings, 
 passing the Kurhaus Bocken, to (3 M.) Hauriithi, where, by the 
 finger-post, it joins the road from Wadensweil. Several fine views 
 of the lake, the Sentis, Speer, Curfirsten, and the Glarus Mts. 
 About 7-2 ^^- farther on we reach the saddle of the hill and the 
 (1 M.) Inn Zum Morgenthal at Hirzel (2245'). We then descend 
 gradually into the valley of the Sihl, which here separates the 
 cantons of Ziirich and Zug, to the (2 M.) covered SiM-Brucke 
 (1745'; ^Krone, good wine). 
 
 Pedestrians should take the road from Horgen over the Hobgeb Egg 
 to the Sihl-Briicke (41/2 M.), which shortens the route by 2 M., and affords 
 far finer views. Kear (2 M.) Wydcnhach rises the *Zimmerherg (2585'), 
 ^4 hr. to the right, with a beautiful view of the Lake of Zurich, the sombre 
 valley of the Sihl, the Lake of Zug, the Alps, and particularly the Mytben, 
 the Rigi, and Pilatus. About 3/4 M. beyond Wydenbach the road reaches the 
 Hirzelhohe (2415'; Inn), its highest point, with another fine prospect. We 
 join the high-road near the Sihl-Brucke. 
 
 The Zug road leads through an undulating tract, passing on 
 the left the wooded hill of the Baarhurg (2180'). Beyond the wood 
 (2 M.) we obtain a view of Baar, the Lake of Zug, the Rigi, and 
 Pilatus. To the left, 1/4 M. farther on, on the Lorze, which we cross, 
 is a large cotton-factory. Near (I74 M.) Baar (1465'; Lindenhof, 
 moderate; Krone; Schwert; Edssli\ a straggling village with 4065 
 inhabitants, is the hamlet of Blickenstorf^ with the house in which 
 Hans Waldmann burgomaster of Zurich and conqueror of Charles the 
 Bold at Murten, was born. — About 2 M. to the E., in the prettily 
 wooded valley of the Lorze, are the curious Stalactite Caverns in the 
 Holle (p. 71). 
 
 From Baar we continue straight on to (21/2 M.) Zug, see p. 71. 
 
 24. Lucerne. 
 
 Railway Station (PI. D, E, 4) on the left bank of the lake ; Brdnig 
 Station (PI. E, 4) '/4 M. farther to the E. (Restaurants at both). The 
 steamboats to Fliielen and Alpnach generally touch on the left bank after 
 leaving the Schweizerhof Quay; those from Fliielen touch first here, and 
 then at the quay. 
 
 Hotels. *ScHWEizEEHOF (PI' »; D, E, 2), a spacious hotel with two 
 'dependances', and *Luzeknee Hof (PI. b ; E, 2), both on the Schweizerhof 
 Quay, R.. L., & A. from 5, B. IV2, !>• 4V2-5, music i/zj pens, incl, R. 10-12 fr. j 
 *H6tel National (PL c; E, F, 2), a sumptuous buildintr on the Quai 
 National, R., L., & A. from 6, D. 5 fr. ; *Hotel Beaukivage (PI, d: F, 2) and 
 'Hotel de l'Europe, both on the lake, in the Halden-Strasse ; -Engliscueu 
 Hov (PL e); *H6tel dv CrcNE (PL f), R., L., <k A. 41/2-6, D. 4>/'2 fr. ■■, ^Hutei. 
 DO Rigi (PL g) R., L., & A, 3, B, IV-.', D. 3fr.; Hotel Cextral. Haldcn-
 
 74 //. Route 24. LUCERNE. Pensions. 
 
 strasse (these four on the lake, on the right bank) ; *H6tel du Lac (PI. n; 
 D, 4), on the left bank of the Reuss, with garden and bath-house, R., 
 L., & A. from 31/2, D., incl. wine, 81/2, pens. 7V2-9 fr. ; *H6tel St. Gott- 
 HAKD (PI. i), with restaurant, near the station, R., L., & A. 31/2-5, B. IV2, 
 
 D. 4 fr. (no gratuities); =-H6tel Viotoeia (PI. u; C, 4), R., L., & A. 3-4V2, 
 Lunch 3, D. 4, pens, from T1/2 fr. ; *Wage (Balances, PI. k ; C, 3), near 
 the third bridge over the Reuss, R. , L. and A. 3-4, B. IV2, B. 81/2, pens. 
 7-9 fr. — Less expensive: *Engel (PI. 1; B, 8), R. & A. 2I/2, D. 3 fr. ; 
 Adlee (PI. m; C, 8), R. 2V2-3 fr., B. 1 fr. 20 c.; -Weisses Rossli (PI. n; 
 C, 3), R. & A. 21/2, B. 11/4, D. 3 fr. ; *H6tel de la Poste (PI. ; C, 4) ; 
 Hotel des Alpes (PL p ; D, 2) , R. & A. 21/2-8 fr. •, =H6tel Doldee, Kappel- 
 gasse22; *H6telRutli; *Rebstock, beside the Hofkirche ; *H6telRutli; 
 MoHK (PL u; D, 3); Hiesch (PL q; C, 3); -Keone (PL r; C. 3); *Weisses 
 Keeuz (PL s; D, 3); *Wildee Mann (PL t; C, 4), B. & A. 2-2i/2 fr., B. 
 
 1 fr, 20 c.; Raben ; Pfisteen; Metzgeen; Sonne, on the Reuss. 
 
 Pensions. -Kaufmann; Kost-Hdfliger ; "^ Villa G'segnet-Matt; ^Tivoli 
 (6-10 fr.); " Belvedere {%-^ fr.); farther on, *>See6Mr^ (steamboat-station; p. 96). 
 All these are on the Kussnacht road, close to the lake. Falter, above Beau- 
 rivage (from 6 fr.); "Neu-Schtceizerhaus (Kost)., Felsberg (Piefzier), both 
 loftily situated; *Alt-ScJtweizerhaug d- Pension Anglaise ; '"ffdt.-Pens. Giitsch 
 (D. 31/2, pens. 8-10 fr.) and -Eoi.-Pem. Wallis, on the Giitsch (p. 77), with 
 charming view; -Suter (pens. 5-6 fr.), on the hill of Gibraltar (PL A, 8). Still 
 higher, to the S. of Lucerne (from the Giitsch in 3/4 hr. ; brake from Lucerne 
 thrice daily ; one-horse carr. 8 fr.; comp. p. 77), *Kujhaus Sonnenherg (2560'), 
 with pleasant grounds and a fine view (7 fr. per day). Pens. Stutz, see p. 93. 
 — Furnished apartments at Frau SigrisCs., Stadthofgebaude 41 J. 
 
 Restaurants. Kursaal, see below; St. Gotthard, near the station, see 
 above: Cafi-Rest. Flora, Chalet, both at the station; Cafd du TMdtre and 
 Alpenclub, on the Reuss: Cafi du Lac; -Cafi-Rest. Stadthof (PL G, 2, 3), 
 with garden (band frequently); Hungaria (Hungarian wines). — Beer. 
 Spatenhrdu, at the Hotel Central (see above); Lowengarten, near the Lion 
 Monument, with garden and a large concert hall; Rosengarten, Grendel- 
 Strasse; Mutfi, at the Weggis Gate; Kreuz (see above); Seidenhof, on the 
 left bank of the Reuss. — Confectioners. Suguenin, near the Stadthof; 
 Gnajidt, opposite the Hotel du Rigi. 
 
 Kursaal on the Quai National (PL F, 2), with reading, concert, and 
 ball-rooms, restaurant, theatre, and garden. Band daily, 4-5.30 p.m. Ad- 
 mission 50 c, for the day 1 fr. ; theatre (French operettas): stalls 4, pit 
 and balcony 2 fr. 
 
 Panorama of the French army entering Switzerland in Jan. 1871, by 
 
 E. Castres, in the Lowenplatz (p. 76; adm. 1 fr.). 
 
 Baths in the lake by the Quai National, above the Kursaal ; swim- 
 ming 25, separate bath 50 c. — Lake-baths also near the Tivoli (see above). 
 Baths in the Reuss below the town, at the Nollethor, with swimming-basin. 
 Warm baths at the H6tel du Lac and at F elder- Lehmann's, Spreuer-Briicke. 
 
 English Physician, Dr. Arthur Hill Hassdll, Alpenstrasse 8. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PL D, 4), near the railway station. — Steam- 
 boats, see pp. 78, 92, 96. 
 
 Cabs. For 1/4 hr. , 1-2 pers. 80 c, 3-4 pers. 1 fr. 20 c. (to or from the 
 station 1 or 2 fr.); for 1/2 hr. 1 fr. 50 or 2 fr. 20 c. ; for 1 hr., 2 fr. 50 or 
 3fr. 60 c.: each box 30 c. — To Seeburg I1/2 or 2fr. ; Drei Linden 2 or 
 3 fr. ; Meggen 31/2 or 5 fr. ; Kiissnacht 61/2 or 9 fr. 
 
 Rowing Boats, without boatman 50 c per hr., with boatman 1-4 pers. 
 
 2 fr., each additional person 50 c. more; with 2 boatmen 3 fr. per hr. 
 
 English Church Service in the Protestant Church in summer. Presby- 
 terian Service in the 3Iaria-Hilf Church, Sun. at 11 and 6. American Epis- 
 copal Church (Christ Church). Museggstrasse, Sun. atj^U and 5. 
 
 Official Enquiry Office by the Hotel du Cygne. 
 
 Lucerne (1437'; pop. 22,000), the capital of the canton of 
 that name which joined the Forest Cantons in 1332, lies pictur- 
 esquely on the Lrilfe of Lucerne or Vierwaldstdtter See, at the
 
 Hofkirche. LUCERNE. //. Route 24. 75 
 
 efflux of the Reuss. It is enclosed by well-preserved walls with 
 nine watch -towers, erected in 1385, while its amphitheatrical sit- 
 uation surrounded by low hills, facing the Rigi and Pilatus and the 
 snow-clad Alps of Uri and Engelberg, is of surpassing beauty. 
 
 The clear, emerald-green Reuss issues from the lake with the 
 swiftness of a torrent. Its banks are connected by four bridges. 
 The highest, the iron Seebriicke (PI. D, 3), erected in 1869-70, 
 600' long and 50' wide, crosses from the town to the railway-station 
 and the new post-office, and affords an excellent view of the town 
 and the lake. The two interesting mediaeval bridges, the Kapell- 
 briicke (PI. D, 3) and the Spreuerbriicke or Miihlenbrucke (PI. B, 
 C, 3), are both carried obliquely across the stream. Each is covered 
 with a roof, which, in the case of the former, is painted with 154 
 scenes from the lives of St. Leodegar and St. Mauritius, the patron- 
 saints of Lucerne, and from Swiss history; and in the case of the 
 latter, with a Dance of Death. The paintings all date from the 18th 
 century. Adjoining the Kapellbriicke, in the middle of the river, 
 rises the old Wasserthurm (PI. D , 3) , containing the admirably 
 arranged Municipal Archives. According to tradition, this building 
 was once a lighthouse (lucerna), and gave its name to the town. St. 
 Peter's Chapel, on the N. bank, has four modern altarpieces by 
 Deschwanden, a native of Stans (p. 118). — The Reuss and the 
 lake are enlivened with swans and flocks of half-tame waterfowl 
 (Fulica atra; black, with white heads). 
 
 The *Schwei2erhof Quay (PI. D, E, 2), constructed in 1852, 
 with its umbrageous avenue of chestnuts, extends in front of the 
 large hotels along the N. bank of the lake and affords a delightful 
 view. The stone indicator, on a projecting platform in the middle of 
 the Schweizerhof Quay, points out the chief places in the environs. 
 
 View. To the left the Rigi Group; to the left is the Kulm with the 
 hotels-, on the saddle between the Kulm and the Rothstock is the St^iffel 
 Inn ; more to the right the Schild , the Dossen , and the isolated Vitznauer 
 Stock. To the left of the Rigi, above the hills by the lake, rises the 
 peak of the Rossberg; to the right of the Vitznauer Stock, in the distance, 
 are the singularly indented peaks oUhe Ross- Stock Chain., the Clariden, the 
 Todi and Kammlistock ; then the Nieder-Bauen or Seelisberger Kulm and 
 the Ober-Bauen ; nearer are the dark Biirgenstock, with its hotel , and the 
 Buochser Horn; to the left and right of the latter tower the Engelberg Alps, 
 the last to the right being the Titlis; farther to the right the Stanserhorn, 
 the mountains of Kerns and Sachseln, and to the extreme right Pilatus. 
 
 At the E. end of the quay is the handsome office of the administra- 
 tion of the St. Gotthard Railway. — The continuation of the quay 
 towards the E., on which is the Kursaal (p. 74), is known as the 
 Quai National (PI. E, F, 2). 
 
 On rising ground overlooking the quay is the *Hofkirclie . or 
 Stiftskirche {St. Leodegar; PI. E, F, 2), said to have been founded 
 in the 7th cent., restored in the 17th cent., with two slender towers 
 erected about 1506. It contains a carved pulpit and stalls of the 
 16th cent., two altars with gilded reliefs in carved wood, that on 
 the N. side representing the death of the Virgin (15th cent.), a fine
 
 76 n. Route 24. LUCERNE. Lion of Lucerne. 
 
 crucifix by the Engelberg woodcarver Custer, and stained-glass win- 
 dows. Organ concert daily 6.30-7.30 p. m. (1 fr.). In the arcades 
 enclosing the old Churchyard are several frescoes by Deschwanden. 
 We next follow the Alpen-Strasse and Ziiricher-Strasse, passing 
 Meyer s Diorama of the Rigi and Pilatus (PI. D, E, 2; adm. 1 fr., 
 interesting), the Panorama (p. 74), and Stauffer^s Museumof stuffed 
 Alpine animals (PL E, 1 ; adm. 1 fr.), and in 5 min . reach the famons 
 *Lion of Lucerne (PI. E, 1), a most impressive work, executed in 1821 
 to the memory of 26 officers and about 760 soldiers of the Swiss guard, 
 who fell in the defence of the Tuileries on 10th Aug., 1792. The 
 dying lion (28' in length), reclining in a grotto, transfixed by a broken 
 lance, and sheltering the Bourbon lily with its paw, is hewn out 
 of the natural sandstone rock after a model (exhibitedi n the adjoin- 
 ing building) by the celebrated Danish sculptor Ihorvaldsen. In- 
 scription: Helvetiorum fidei acvirtuti. Die X Aug.. II et III Sept. 
 1792. Haec sunt nomina eorum, qui ne sacramenti fidem fallerent, 
 fortissime pugnantes ceciderunt. Duces XXVI. Solerti amicorum cura 
 cladi superfuerunt Duces XVI. The rock which bears the inscrip- 
 tion and names of the officers is overhung with trees and creepers. 
 A spring at the top flows down on one side and forms a dark pool 
 at the base, surrounded by trees and shrubs. — The neighbouring 
 Chapel (inscription .• Invictis Pax) contains the escutcheons of the 
 deceased officers, and the '■Museum', opposite the Lion, contains a 
 painting of the last struggle of the Swiss guard in the Tuileries, 
 and a diorama of the Jungfrau and of the Arth Rigi-Railway by 
 Ernst Hodel (adm. 1 fr.). 
 
 On the N. side of the monument is the entrance to the*Gletscher- 
 garten (adm. 1 fr.), an interesting relic of the ice-period, with 32 
 holes formed by whirlpools, of different sizes (the largest being 26' 
 wide and 30' deep), well-preserved 'Gletscherschliffe' , or rocks 
 worn by the action of the ice, etc., discovered in 1872, and con- 
 nected by means of steps and bridges. A kiosque here contains 
 Pfyffer's Relief of Central Switzerland, on a scale of 51/3 inches to 
 the mile, 23' long, and 13' wide; in another there is a small col- 
 lection of relics from lake-dwellings, fossils, etc. Adjacent is a cafe- 
 restaurant. 
 
 Many quaint and picturesque houses of the 16 -17th cent, 
 are still to be seen in the crooked streets of the older parts of the 
 town (PI. C, D, 3j. — The ancient Eathhaus (PI. C, D, 3), in the 
 corn-market, dates from 1519-1605. A fresco on the tower repre- 
 sents the death of the Lucerne burgomaster Gundoldingen at the 
 Battle of Sempach. 
 
 On the ground-floor is the Historical Mmeiiin (ailni. 9-6, 1 fr.). 
 Room I. contains the armonry from the Arsenal, embracing weapons, 
 flags, and trophies of the baffles of the 14th cent, and of the Burgiind- 
 ian and Milanese wars: in the glass-case on the right are the coat of 
 mail of Duke Leopold of Austria, and several banners captured by the 
 townsmen at the battle of Sempach. A chased sword-handle ('Tellen- 
 schwerf, i.e. 'Teirs sword') of the 16th cent., and the uniforms of different
 
 Gutsch. LUCERNE. II. Route l>4. 11 
 
 Swiss guards (in the middle of the large glasa-case) should also be noticed. 
 At the windows is exhibited a "Collection of Stained Glats of the 14-18th 
 cent., including a series of armorial bearings of the 17th century. — Room II. 
 contains the collections of the Historical Society, comprising relics of the 
 pre-historic, Celtic-Rnman, Germanic, and mediaeval periods ; in glass-cases 
 in the centre are Roman objects (bronze statue of Mercury; tripod) and 
 the blue and white banner presented to Lucerne by Pope Julius II. — On 
 the first iloor is the Council Chamher, with beautiful 16th cent, carving 
 on the ceiling and walls. In the ante-chamber are a number of portraits 
 of magistrates, most of which are by Reinhart. 
 
 An Art Exhibition takes place in the large hall by which we enter, 
 from June 1st to Oct. loth. 
 
 The late-Gothic Fountain in the Weinmarkt (PI. C, 3) dates 
 from 1481. — In the vicinity, in the Hirschen-Platz, is the house 
 of the goldsmith Bossard^ adorned with fre&coes. 
 
 On the left bank of the Reuss is the Jesuit Church (PI. C, 4), 
 built in 1667 in the rococo style , and the former Jesuit College, 
 now the Government Building, with a picturesque court, the state 
 archives, and a collection of coins. Opposite are the Mwsewm (PI. 0,4), 
 with the cantonal library of 80,000 vols, (including many rare books ; 
 adm. 10-12), and the CivicLibrary, on the Reuss, containing a valu- 
 able collection of works on Sw iss history and copies of Holbein's 
 frescoes on the Harter house, pulled down in 1824. 
 
 The * Gutsch (1722'), an eminence on the left bank of the 
 Reuss, at the W. end of the town, reached on foot in 25 min., or 
 by cable-train in 3 min. from the (V2 M.) Giitsch station in the 
 Untergrund (PI. A, 3 ; train every 1/4 lir. ; fare 30, return-ticket 
 50 c.), affords a splendid survey of the town , the lake, the Rigi, 
 and the Alps of Uri, Unterwalden, and Engelberg, best from the 
 view-tow^er (1920'; ascent 30 c.). *Hotel and Restaurant, with 
 wooded grounds, at the top (p. 74). 
 
 A pretty walk through the woods leads from the Giitsch to the (3/i hr.) 
 Ktirhavs >^onnenhery (p. 74), whence we may descend to (3/^ hr.) Kriens 
 (see below). The steep direct footpath is not recommended. 
 
 Another beautiful point in the neighbourhood of the town is the 
 *Drei Linden (ISiO'), to which a new road leads in about 20 min. 
 from the Hofkirche. We ascend to the right behind the church, in 
 2 min. turn to the left, and finally ascend by an easy series of steps. 
 The view embraces the environs of Lucerne and the Alps, with the 
 Titlis in the middle and the Finsteraarhorn and Schreckhorn in 
 the distance to the right. On the top of the hill, a series of houses 
 and villas has recently been built. The return may be made to the 
 N.W., past the Capuchin Convent on the Wesemlin, to the ('/4hr.) 
 Gletschergarten (p. 76). — A similar view is obtained from the 
 AUenwinden hill, reached in 20 min. from Meyer's Diorama (p. 75) 
 by ascending to the W. via the Musegg-Strasse and the Bramberg- 
 Strasse. 
 
 From Luceunk to Kriens, 2V2 51., steam-tramway in 12 min., skirt- 
 ing the brawling A'/ten6acA.— Kriens (1670'; Filatus; Linde), a considerable 
 manufacturing village, is situated in a fertile valley at the A', foot <»f Mt. 
 Pilatus. To the S., on the slope, is the chiiteau of Sc/iauensee (1950') ; to the 
 X. the Sonnenherg (2560': to the Kurhaus, 3/4 hr. ; see above). The road
 
 78 II. Route 25. LAKE OF LUCERNE. 
 
 ascends the valley beyond Kriens to the RenggbacJi, whence a footpath 
 leads through wood to (IV4 hr.) Herrgotts-wald (2800'; -Hdt.-Pens. Haai)^ 
 an inexpensive health-resort in a picturesque situation, and to (1 hr.) Eigen- 
 thal (3375' ; Inn), another cheap health-resort (hence to ScMcarzenberg, 3/4 br. ; 
 see p. 129). From Eigenthal a path ascends I'V the Riimligbach past the huts 
 oi Buchsteg and Rothstock^ and finally mounts steeply to the left to (IV2-2 hrs.) 
 the Briindlenalp (4985'), with the little PilatusLake (generally dry in summer), 
 where, according to an old tradition, Pontius Pilate drowned himself in 
 the bitterness of his remorse. From this point the Widderfeld (6825') may 
 be ascended in 1^/4 hr. : and a rough and not always distinct path leads 
 round the slopes of the Widderfeld and Gemsmattli and fpast the Kastelen- 
 alp to the (IV2 hr.) Hdtel Klimsmhom (p. 95). Neither expedition should 
 be attempted without a guide. 
 
 25. Lake of Lucerne. 
 
 Comp. also Map^ p. 86. 
 
 Steamboat 6-7 times daily between Lucerne and Fliielen in 23/4 hrs., 
 express in 21/4 hrs. (to Hertenstein 35 min., Weggis 45 min., Vitznau 1, 
 Buochs IV45 Beckenried IV2, Gersau I3/4, Treib 2, Brunnen 2 hrs. 5 min., 
 Riitli 2 hrs. 12 min., Sisikon 2 hrs. 10 min.. Isleten 2 hrs. 20 min., Bauen 
 
 2 hrs. 25 min., Tells-Platte 21/2, Fliielen 23/4 hrs. ; the steamers do not all 
 touch at Hertenstein, Buochs, Treib, Riitli, Sisikon, and Tells-Platte, 
 while Bauen and Isleten are called at once a day only). Fare to Fliielen 
 
 3 fr. 65 or 2 fr. 60 c. ; return-tickets available for two days at a fare and 
 a half*, season-tickets still cheaper. Trunk 40-80 c, including embarcation 
 and landing. Sunday excursion trips from Lucerne to Fliielen and back, 
 first class 11/2 fr. All the steamers, except the express boat at 5.30 a.m., touch 
 at the railway-station of Lucerne after leaving the quay (comp. p. 73). Good 
 restaurants on board. Time-tables and maps of the lake to be had at the 
 steamboat-offices gratis. 
 
 The **Lake of Lucerne (1435'; Vierwaldstdtter See, or 'Lake of 
 the Four Forest Cantons'), which is hounded by the 'forest cantons' 
 of Vri, Schwyz, Unterwalden , and Lucerne, is unsurpassed in 
 Switzerland, and even in Europe, in magnificence of scenery. Its 
 beautiful banks are also intimately associated with those historical 
 events and traditions which are so graphically depicted by Schiller 
 in his William Tell. The lake is nearly cruciform in shape, the bay 
 of Lucerne forming the head, the bays of Kiissnacht and Alpnach 
 the arms, and those of Buochs and Uri the foot. Length from Lu- 
 cerne to Fliielen 23 M. , from Alpnach to Kiissnacht at the ex- 
 tremities of the arms I2V2M. ; width 1/2-1^4^^-5 greatest depth 700'. 
 
 The wind on the lake is apt to change with extraordinary rapidity, 
 and the boatmen declare that it blows fi-om a different quarter as each 
 promontory is rounded. The most violent is the Fohn (S. wind), which some- 
 times renders the S. bay of the lake impracticable for sailing or rowing-boats, 
 and dangerous even for steamboats. In fine weather the Bise (N. wind) 
 usually prevails on the bay of Uri from 10 a.m. to 4 p. m., and a gentle 
 S. wind during the rest of the day. 
 
 Soon after leaving Lucerne the steamer affords a strikingly pic- 
 turesque view of the town, with its towers and battlements. To 
 the left rises the Rigi, to the right Pilatus, and facing us the 
 Biirgenstock, the Buochser Horn, and Stanser Horn; to the left of 
 Pilatus, above the hills of Sachseln, the Wetterhorn, Schreckhorn, 
 Monch, Eiger, and Jungfrau gradually become visible. The small
 
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 &eoeTa:jih. Aiistalt Ton 
 
 Elometer 1 : 100.000
 
 VITZNAU. II. Route 25. 79 
 
 promontory to the left, with a pinnacled villa, is the Meggenhorn. 
 In front of it lies Altstad ('old shore') , an islet planted with poplars, 
 on whichf ragments of an old custom-house are still to be seen. 
 
 Beyond the Meggenhorn the lake of Kiissnacht opens to the 
 left, and the bay of Stansstad to the right, and we have now reach- 
 ed the central part ('■Kreuztrichter' ) of the cross formed by the lake. 
 In the distance to the left, Kiissnacht (p. 96) is visible ; in the fore- 
 ground, Neu-Habsburg (p. 96). To the right the forest-clad Burgen- 
 stock^ with its hotel and railway, rises abruptly from the water (see 
 p. 93). From this part of the lake the Pilatus (p. 94) is very strik- 
 ing. Its barren, rugged peaks, seldom free from cloud or mist, 
 frown grimly over the cheerful landscape, in marked contrast to the 
 Rigi on the opposite bank , the lower slopes of which are covered 
 with gardens, fruit-trees, and houses, and the upper with woods 
 and green pastures. 
 
 Beyond the promontory of Tanzenberg , in a small bay to the left, 
 is the handsome *H6tel Schloss Hertenstein (pens. 7-10 fr. ; reached 
 either on foot through the park in 10 min., or by boat in 5 min.). 
 Straight on in the distance, appears the double-peaked Scheerhorn 
 (p. 115). Stat. Hertenstein (Pens. Hertenstein, depeudance of the 
 above) ; then — 
 
 Weggis. — *H6t.-Pens. dd Lac, pens. 6-8 fr.; Lowe, R. 2, B. 1, 
 D. 2V2, pens. 6-7 fr.; "Post, at the 8teamboat-quay , small; ^Pens. Belve- 
 dere <fe Villa Kohler, with garden, pens. 8-10 fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Belle- 
 vue, finely situated 3/* M. to the W., 9-10 fr., adapted for a stay of some 
 time; Pens.Bacmen, 1/4 M. farther up (4 fr.) ; Hot.-Pess. Pakadies (5-8 fr.). 
 On the lakeare several furnished villas which are let to families. 
 
 Weggis, a thriving village in a very sheltered situation, is fre- 
 quented as a health-resort. — Bridle-path to the Rigi, see p. 88. 
 
 A road to the N. leads in 3/* hr. (or a path to the right, passing the 
 church, in 1 hr.) to Greppen (p. 96). Between the road and the path (which 
 ascends for V* l""- at the schoolhouse of Weggis) rises the Rigiblick, a 
 grassy hill affording a fine survey of the lake. — Beautif\il walk to the E., 
 by the road skirting the lake, to the charmingly situated 2/M7zeZaw (*Pens., 
 5-6 fr.) and (3 M.) Viiznau. A new road leads on from Vitznau by the 
 Obere Nase (fine view of the lake) to (1 hr.) Gersau and past the Kindli- 
 mord Chapel (p. 81) to (IV2 hr.) Brunnen. 
 
 Nearing Vitznau, we observe on the hillside to the left the rail- 
 way-bridge across the Schnurtobel (p. 87), and high above it the 
 Hotel Rigi-First (p. 91). 
 
 Vitznau. — 'Hot. & Restaurant Rigibahn &. Pension Kohler, R., 
 L., (fe A. 31/2, B. IV4, pens. 6-7 fr. ; -Hotel-Pension Rigi, R. 2-21/2, D. 
 3, pens. 5-7 fr. ; *H6tel-Pens. du Paec, Va M. to the W., with baths 
 and extensive grounds, pens. 7-10 fr. ; Pension Zimmermann zum Krecz ; 
 Pens.-Restacrant Friedrichs; furnished rooms at Z%mniermann''s at 'Dnter- 
 wylen, 1 M. from the village, with fine view; beer at the hotels and at 
 the Restaur, tur Alpenrose, 3 min. from the Rigi station, on the Gersau road. 
 
 Vitznau^ prettily situated at the base of the Vitznauer Stock 
 (p. 80), is the terminus of the Rigi Railway (p. 86). High above 
 the village rises the precipitous Rothfluh, with the Waldisbalm, a 
 stalactite grotto 330 yds. long (difficult of access).
 
 80 II. Routt 25. GERSAU. Lake of 
 
 On the S. slope of the Vitznauer Stock (bridle-path in IV2 br. from 
 Vitznau, shady in the early morning) is the charmingly situated '-Hotel- 
 Pens. Weissenfiuh (SlOC/; pens, from 51/2 fr.), frequented as a health resort, 
 with beautiful view (finest from the BlUmlismatt, 5 min. to the S.)- Pretty 
 walks to Aeussenirmi (3525'; 1/4 hr.) 5 Oberurmi (3740'; 1/2 hr.); to the top 
 of the -Vitznauer Stock (iTlO' ■■> i'A hr., the last 1/2 hr.s teep); -Dossm (5510' ; 
 2hrs.); etc. Descent from Weissenlluh to Gersau 50 min. (ascent IV2 hr. ; 
 path rough in places). 
 
 Beyond Yitznan two rocky promontories, called the Nasen (noses), 
 project far into the lake, apparently terminating it, the one heing a 
 spur of the Rigi, the other of the Biirgenstock (p. 93). To the left 
 of the E. Nase, ahove the Pragel, the Glarnisch (p. 66) becomes 
 visible. Beyond this strait the lake is called the Buochser See, from 
 Enochs (*Krone; Hirsch; "^Restaurant Kreuzgdrten), a Tillage to the 
 right, above which rise the Buochser Horn (see below) and the E. 
 slopes of the Biirgenstock. Diligence to Stans (p. 118) thrice daily 
 in 3/4 hr. Between Bnochs and Beckenried (pretty walk of ^/4hr.) 
 extensive operations have been carried ont to regulate the torrents 
 descending from the Buochser Horn and the Schwalmis. — Farther 
 on, on the S. bank, is — 
 
 Beckenried, or Beggenried (*Sonne, pens, from 6 fr. ; *Mond, 
 R. & B. 3, D. 3, pens. 6-8 fr. ; '^Nidwaldner Hof, pens. 6-8 fr. ; 
 Adler), where the delegates from the Four Forest Cantons used to 
 assemble. In front of the church rises a fine old walnut-tree. In 
 the neighbourhood are several cement-factories and the picturesque 
 Riseten Waterfall. 
 
 One-horse carriage to Engelberg (p. 120) 18 fr., two-horse 30 fr. (from 
 Enochs 17 or 28 fr.)-, to Stans 6 or 12, Stansstad 8 or 15, Alpnach 11 or 
 18, Grafenort 12 or 20, Seelisberg 13 or 25, Schonegg 6 or 12 fr., and fee. 
 
 Fkom Beckexeied to Seelisberg (23/4 hrs.). The road leads by the 
 (I hr.) charmingly situated -Pension Schoneck (water and whey-cure, board 
 6 fr.) to (1/4 hr.) the village of Emmetten (2590': Post, Engel, both well 
 spoken of; Stern; pens, at all three 5 fr.); then through a somewhat 
 monotonous dale between the Stuizberg and Mederhauen (p. 81) past the 
 picturesque Seeli to the (IV2 hr.) Kurhaus Seelisberg (p. 81). 
 
 The Buochser Horn (6260") may be ascended in 31/2 hrs. from Becken- 
 ried or Buochs (guide desirable; fine view). Descent to (IV4 hr.) Nieder- 
 rickenbach (p. 119) and via Buren to (2 hrs.) Stam (p. 118). 
 
 On the opposite bank, on a fertile strip of land between the 
 Vitznauer Stock and the Hochfluh, lies the pretty village of Gersau 
 (*H6t.-Pens. Muller, R. 2-4, D. 31/2, pens. 7-10 fr. ; *Gersauer 
 Hof, pens. 5-8 fr. ; *H6tel-Pem. Beau-Sejour, pens. from4fr.-, 
 Hirsch ; Sonne ; *Zur llge, plain ; furnished rooms at Muller's, zur 
 Sage; Eng. Ch. Service), in the midst of orchards, with its broad- 
 eaved cottages scattered over the hillside. It was an independent 
 canton down to 1817, when it was annexed to Canton Schwyz. The 
 village, being protected from cold winds, is a resort of invalids. In 
 the ravine behind it is a silk-spinning mill, and on the mountain 
 above is the Rigi-Scheidegg Hotel (p. 92). 
 
 The asceut of the = Rigi-Hochfluh (5555'), from Gersau along the Grai 
 and via the Zihlistock-Alp in S-S'/a hrs., is attractive. The last part of the 
 route has been improved (see p. 92). From the Hochfluh to the Scheidegg. 
 IV2-2 hrs. — The Vitznauer Stock (4770') may be ascended in 2V/2 hrs.
 
 Liccerne. SEELISBERG. IJ. Route l>5. S 1 
 
 from Gersau or Vitznau via Ober-Urmi; the last V2 hour's climb is toilsome 
 (comp. p. 80). — From Gersau to (4'/: M.) Brunnen (p. 82) a pleasant walk 
 by the road skirting the lake. 
 
 The chapel on the bank to the E. of Gersau is called Kind- 
 limord ('infanticide'). To the E. rise the bare peaks of the two 
 Mythen, at the base of which, 3 M. inland, lies Schwyz (p. 101); 
 nearer is the church of IngenboJd, and in the distance to the right 
 the Achselberg or Achslenstock [7057'), with its crown of rocks re- 
 sembling a castle. 
 
 The steamer now crosses to Treib [Inn, rustic), in Canton Uri, at 
 the foot of the precipitous Sonnenberg^ the landing-place (telephone) 
 for the vUlage of Seelisberg (2628'; *H6t.-Pens. Bdleoue, 5 fr. ; 
 Pens. Aschwanden, behind the church, 5 fr., unpretending; Pens. 
 Loicen) on the hill above, to which a road leads in l^/o hr. through 
 the orchards of Folliyen (omnibus four times daily, up 2, down 
 1 V2 ft. ; one-horse carr. 5, two-horse 10, to the Kurhaus 6 or 12 fr,, 
 with fee of 2 fr.). The more direct footpath ascends to the left 
 behind the inn (1 hr. ; stony but shady most of the way). By the 
 Chapel of Maria-Sonnenhtrg (2770'), 12 min. from the church of 
 Seelisberg, is the Pension Or ulli{b-lix.'), and 100 paces farther on 
 is the little Hotel Mythenstein, beside which is the *Kurliaus 
 Sonnenberg-Seelisberg (three houses, with 300 beds ; K. from 2, 
 board 7-8, A. 1/2 tr.), a sheltered spot with pure mountain air, and 
 a favourite health-resort. The terrace in front of the Kurhaus com- 
 mands [a beautiful *View of the lake of Uri lying far below and of 
 the surrounding mouTitains from the Mythen to the Uri-Rothstock. 
 
 An attractive walk may be taken to (25 min.) the *Schwendifluh (2723'), 
 by a route diverging to the left from the Bernldingen road (guide-post) 
 about 1 M. to the H. of the Kurhaus. The view from the top of the 
 perpendicular rocks, the Teu/elsmiinster of Schiller ('Wilhelm Teir, Act IV., 
 Sc. 1), is highly picturesque. 
 
 Beautiful view from the Kameli (3303' ; in the wood to the right at the 
 S. end of the Kurhaus, V2 hr.), over the lake and the plain as far as the 
 Weissenstein. — About 20 min. to the S. W. of the Kurhaus lies the picturesque 
 little Seelisberger See, or 'SeeW (-little lake', 2470'; with bath-house 50 c.) 
 on the precipitous N. side of the *Niederbauen, or Seelisburger Kulm (6315'^ 
 guide 5 fr. and fee), which may be ascended from the Kurhaus in 3i/2-4, 
 from Beroldingen in 3, or from Emmetten in 31/2 hrs. The two first routes 
 are trying, and fit for adepts only (with guide). The ascent is easier 
 from Emmetten (p. 80; experts may dispense with a guide). The shortest 
 way (3 hrs.) leaving the village at the S. end, follows for a short distance 
 the right bank of the Kohlthal brook, and then passes between some 
 houses; after 20 min. we turn to the right and foUmv the toleni^hly good 
 and distinct palh towards the middle of the rocky arete at the W. end 
 of the mountain. From the (l\4 hr.) top we enjoy a fine view of the 
 lake of Lucerne. Thence to the left along the ridge in IVj hr. to the 
 summit. — Another route (V2 hr. longer) diverges to the left at the 
 church (IV4 hr. from the Kurhaus) and ascends the Kohlthal to a gate 
 near some chalets (1 hr.). After 2 min. more we cross the bridge to the 
 left, and ascend by a good but steep zig/ag path for 20 min., at first over 
 a grassy slope, and then entering the wood to the left; 7 min., a bridge 
 over a cleft; 10 min., a chalet (the path leading to the right of the hill 
 with a cross). We ascend the slopes beyond the chalet to (1,4 hr.) a gate ; 
 for 12 min. more we walk towards the Bauen, visible to the E., and then 
 descend a little to a second chalet. Farther on wo pass to the risrht i^f 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland, loth Edition. 6
 
 82 II. Route 25. BRUNNEN. Lake of 
 
 a stone stable on the hill; 40 min., third chalet (rustic tavern); lastly in 
 zigzags, the best route being round the Bauen, to the pole on the top in 
 40 min. more. Magnificent view of the entire Lake of Lucerne from Lu- 
 cerne to Fliielen, of the Uri-Rothstock, the Bristenstock, Todi, Seheer- 
 hom, Windgallen, etc., and of the Eeussthal as far as Amsteg. The dis- 
 tant vievi', however, is inferior to that from the Pdgi. Early in the 
 morning nearly the whole ascent from Emmetten is in shade. 
 
 Those who desire to walk from Seelisberg to Bane?!, on Lake Uri, and 
 thence to cross the lake to TelFs Platte or Fliielen , go straight on from 
 Sonnenberg (finger-post ; the road to the Schwendifluh leads to the left) to 
 (3/4 hr.) the little chateau of Beroldingen (beautiful view) and thence by a 
 safe, though steep and rather uncomfortable path to G/2 hr.) Bauen (Tell, 
 poor). Boat from Bauen to Tellsplatte 2, Riitli 3, Fliielen 4 fr. (higher 
 charges at the 'Tell'). — Path to the (i/--! hr.) Riitli, see p. 83. 
 
 Opposite Treib, on the E. bank, lies the large village of — 
 
 Bruimen. — *Waldstattek Hof, on the lake, with baths, R., L., 
 & A. 3-5, D. 4, pens. 8-12 (in spring, 7-9 fr.); * Hot. -Pens. Aufdeemader au 
 Parc, ^/4 M. from the lake, pens. 8-10 fr. ; *H6t.-Pexs. Adlek, *H6t.-Pens. 
 HiKSCH, at the quay, pens. 7-10 fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Schweizekhof; Rossli, 
 Brdnnekhof, both near the quay, pens. 6 fr. ; *Hot.-Pens. Rigi, on the 
 Gersau road, R. from 2, D. 3, pens. 5 fr. ; 'Pens. Gutsch, with fine 
 view, unpretending; *Pens. du Lac, V* M. to the W. of the village, with 
 lake-baths, R. l^h, board 5-5i/2fr.; *Hot.-Pens. Bellevue (R. IV2-2, D. 3, 
 pens. 5-7 fr.) and *PEifs. Mtthenstein (6 fr.), both on the Axenstrasse, close 
 to the lake; "Hotel-Pension St. Gotthakd, near the rail, station, with 
 garden, pens. 5-7 fr. ; Hot. Bahnhof, Ecw, Rosengakten, 'Feeihof, *Sonke, 
 RuTLi, and others, plain (pens, about 5 fr.). Furnished roms at Villa Schoeck^ 
 above the Giitsch, etc. — Restaurant Zur Drossel, on the quay. 
 
 Rowing Boats : to Treib and back with one boatman 1 fr., with two 
 2 fr.; Riitli (and back) 21/2 or 4, Tellsplatte 3 or 6. Riitli and Tellsplatte 
 5 or 8 fr. 
 
 Baths (warm and lake-baths) at the Waldstatterhof (lake bath and 
 towel, 50 c). — Wood-carvings, photographs, books, newspapers, etc. at 
 LeuthoWs, by the steamboat-pier, and at Au/dermauer^s, on the Axenstrasse. 
 
 English Chuech Service at the Waldstatter Hof. 
 
 Brunnen, the port of Canton Schwyz, a station on the St. Gott- 
 hard Railway (p. 101), and one of the most beautiful places on the 
 lake, is partly situated in a flat valley near the mouth of the 
 Muota. The old Susthaus, or goods -magazine, is decorated with 
 quaint frescoes. New Protestant Church on the Schwyz road, op- 
 posite the railway station. 
 
 The Giitsch (1700' ; Pens., see above), a hill behind Brunnen, overlooks 
 the two arms of the lake and the pretty valley of Schwyz. Shady walks 
 in the neighbouring woods. — Feom Bednnen to Moeschach a good car- 
 riage-road (in shade in the morning) ascends in 1 hr. from the Axenstrasse. 
 The shadv footpath which diverges at the (2/4 M.) guide-post to the left 
 cuts oil' a" long curve. 50 min. *H6tel Axenfels (2065'; R. from 21/2, D. 4, 
 pens. incl. R. from 7 fr.), with gardens and a fine view. A few min. farther 
 on is the charmingly situated hamlet of Morschach (2155'; 'Hot.- Pens. 
 Frohnalp d- Kurhaus Morschach, with garden and view, pens. incl. R. 6-8 fr.; 
 "Pens. Bettschart, 5fr. ; Pens. Degenbalm. beautifully situated on an emin- 
 ence 230' above the village, pens, from 5 fr.). The road forks immediately 
 behind the Hotel Frohnalp, the right branch leading via Ober-Schonenbuch 
 to (41/2 M.) Schwyz. while the left branch ascends past the Pens. RiUliblick 
 (fine view) to (10 min.) the "Grand Hotel Axenstein (2460'; E. 3-12, D. 4-5, 
 board 7 fr., less in June and Sept.; English Church Service), splendidly 
 situated on the Brcindli, with a magnificent **Survey of both arms of the 
 lake. Large covered promenade and beautiful shady grounds close to the 
 hotel, containing numerous erratic blocks and interesting traces of glacier- 
 action. Strangers are admitted to the park, but if residing at the Hotel
 
 Lucerne. LAKE OF URI. II. Route 25. 83 
 
 Axenfels or at Morachach only by special permission. Besides the road, 
 there is a path from the Giitsch to the hotel, for the most part in shade 
 (3/4 hr.). Omnibuses run between the Axenstein Hotel and Brunnen (50 min., 
 2 fr.; onehorse carr. 5, two-horse 10 fr.). 
 
 The Stoos (4230'), the N. spur of the Frohnalp {'Kurhavs^ well man- 
 aged, R., L., <fe A. 3I/2-4V2, B. iV4, pens 8-12, in June and Sept. 7-10 fr. ; 
 Pens. Balmberg, 6-6 fr.), another good point of view (best from the Stoos- 
 korn, 5 min. to the N.), with varied walks, is reached by 3 road (in shade 
 in the morning for most of the way) from Morschach in 1^/4 hr. (carr. 
 and pair from Brunnen in 21/4 hrs., 20 fr., there and back 26-^ fr., with 
 one horse 15 fr. ; riding-horse 10, porter 6 fr.). — The ^Frohnalpstock 
 (6305'-, small *Imt, ten beds), IV2 hr. to the S.W. of the Stoos, reached 
 by a rough path (milk at a chalet halfway), aflbrds a magnificent view, 
 hardly inferior to that from the Rigi, of the Alps and of the entire Lake 
 of Lucerne. — A footpath leads from the Stoos to (I1/2 hr.) Eied (p. 65) 
 in the Muotathal., at first traversing meadows, but beyond the Stoosbach 
 descending in steep zigzags through wood to the bridge over the Muota. 
 
 Other excursions from Brunnen: by the St. Gotthard Railway to 
 (12 min.) Schwyz - Seewen, and then by boat (in 25 min. from Seewen) 
 to the island of Schwanau in the Lake of Lowerz (p. 101); to the Muota- 
 thal as far as the (I3/4 br.) Suvoroff Bridge (p. 65), via Ingenbohl, 
 Unter- and Ober-Schonenbucb, and back on the right bank via Ihach or 
 Schwyz in 2^/4 hrs. ; by the Axenstrasse (see below) to Tellsplatte and 
 Fluelen (9 M. ; best by carr., the road being shadeless after 10 a.m.; to 
 Fltielen with one horse 8 fr.); to the Kindlimord Chapel (p. 81) and Gersau 
 (41/2 M. ; p. 80) ; to the Riitli (see below), and thence, or via Treib, to 
 Seelisberg (p. 81); ascent of the Rigi (p. 85; 1 day); by the St. Gotthard 
 Railway to Goschenen-Andermatt and back (R. 3(); 1 day). 
 
 At Brunnen begins tlie S. arm of the lake, called the Vrner See 
 or *Lake of Uri. The mountains now rise very abruptly , and the 
 lake narrows. Lofty peaks, often snow -clad, peep through the 
 gorges which open at intervals. By the sharp angle which juts into 
 the lake from the W. bank rises the Mytenstein, a pyramid of 
 rock, 80' high, bearing an inscription in huge gilded letters to the 
 memory of Schiller, the 'Bard of TeU'. A little farther on , below 
 Seelisberg (p. 81), and 8 min. above the lake, are the three springs 
 of the Rutli, or Grutli, trickling from an artificial wall of stone, in 
 the midst of an open space planted with trees. This spot, with the 
 adjacent timber-built guard-house in the old Swiss style (refresh- 
 ments) and pretty grounds, belongs to the Confederation. A block 
 of granite, 10 ft. high, with bronze medallions, commemorates the 
 author and the composer of the Song of Riitli. 
 
 On this plateau, on the night of 7th Kov., 1807, thirty-three men, from 
 Uri, Schvvyz, and Unterwalden, assembled and entered into a solemn league 
 for the purpose of driving their oppressors from the soil. Tradition relates 
 that these three fountains sprang up on the spot where the three confederates, 
 Werner Stauffadier of Steinen in Schwyz, Erny (Arnold) an der Ilalden of 
 Melchthal in Unterwalden, and Walter Filrst of Attinghausen in Uri, stood 
 when the oath was taken. — A good and shaded path ascends in l'/4 hr. 
 from the Rtitli to the Kitrhaus Seelisbenj (p. 81). Small boat from Brun- 
 nen to Riitli, see above; an excursion by boat (3-4 fr.) from Treib is also 
 attractive. 
 
 On the E. bank of the lake runs the almost level *Axenstras8e, 
 leading from Brunnen to (9 M.) Fliielen, and remarkable for the 
 boldness of its construction , being to a great extent hewn in the 
 rock. Below, parallel with, or above the road, runs the St. Gott- 
 
 6*
 
 84 II. Route -25. FLUELEN. Lake of 
 
 hard Railway (p. 102), skirting the lake in a succession of tunnels 
 and cuttings. 
 
 About ^4 lir. after leaving Brunnen the steamer touches at Sisi- 
 kon (Pens. Uriroth stock), at the entrance to the narrow Riemen- 
 staldenthal (p. 66). 
 
 From the hamlet of ii'^/oyi.) Riemenstalden (3410'; *Inii), the following 
 summits may be ascended : the Rophaiea (6830" ; 2V2 hrs.), commanding 
 a fine view of the Lake of Lucerne; the -Rossstock (8080'; 3V2-4 hrs.), 
 also with a charming view (these two ascents present no difficulty, comp. 
 p. 103); the Liedernen or Kaiserstock (8255'; 4-4V2 hrs., with guidej, to he 
 attempted only by experienced mountaineers not subject to dizziness. — 
 Over the Katzenzagel to the Muotathal, see p. 66. 
 
 We next reach stat. Tail's Platte [Restaurant, with baths, at 
 the landing-place), 8 min. above which, on the Axenstrasse, is the 
 *H6t.-Pens. T ellsplatte (iQSO' :^ pens. 6fr.), with pleasure-grounds 
 and a charming view. A little to the S. of the landing-place (private 
 path in 1 min.) is a ledge of rock at the base of the Axenierg, where, 
 shaded by overhanging trees and washed by the lake , stands the 
 romantic Tell's Chapel, rebuilt in 1880, and adorned with four 
 frescoes by Stiickelberg of Bale. It is said to have been originally 
 erected by Canton Uriin 1388 on the spot where the Swiss liberator 
 sprang out of Gessler's boat. On Friday after Ascension Day mass 
 is performed here at 7 a.m., and a sermon preached, the service 
 being attended by the inhabitants of the neighbourhood in gaily 
 decorated boats. Near the chapel the lake is upwards of 700' deep. 
 
 The grandest part of the Axenstrasse is between Tell's Platte 
 Inn and Fliielen (21/9 M.), where it pierces the curiously contorted 
 limestone strata of the Axenfluh, 360' above the lake, by means of 
 a tunnel. Beyond the chapel, Fliielen (which the steamer reaches 
 in 1/4 hr. more) becomes visible. The scenery of this part of the lake 
 is very striking. Opposite the chapel, on the W. bank, lies the 
 hamlet of Bauen (Tell; p. 82), and, farther on, the dynamite-factory 
 of Isleten (now abandoned), at the mouth of the Isenthal. On the 
 saddle between the two peaks of theLri-Rothstock, which rise above 
 the Isenthal, lies a glacier, distinctly visible from the steamer; to 
 the left of it the Gitschen (8270') rises abruptly from the lake, with 
 its summit resembling a castle. Beyond Fliielen the valley of the 
 Reuss seems to be closed by the pyramidal Bristenstock, with the 
 Kleine and Grosse Windy dlle to the left of it fp. 115). 
 
 Fliielen (*Kreuz, R., L., & A. 3, B. 11/4 fr.; Tell S' Post, R. 2, 
 D. 3 fr. ; ^Adler, R. 2-3 fr.; -^St. Gotthard, pens. 4-5 fr.; -^Hirsch, all 
 near the quay; Stem; Rail. Restaurant, with garden; lake-baths on 
 the Axenstrasse, 1/2 ^. off), is the port of Uri, and a station (close to 
 the pier) on the St. Gotthard Railway (p. 102). Beyond the church 
 is the small chateau of Rudenz which once belonged to the Atting- 
 hausen family. The Reuss, which falls into the lake between Fliielen 
 and Seedorf, has been 'canalized' here to prevent inundations 
 (Y2 tr-'s walk, or 1/4 tr. by boat to its influx).
 
 Lucerne. ISENTHAL. //. Route 25. 85 
 
 The Isenthal (see Map, p. 120) may be reached from Fliielen or 
 Altdorf on foot in 3 hrs. via Seedorf (see above), by a path skirting the 
 lake and ascending to the site of the Fruttkapelle (21880, with a pictur- 
 esque view, where the path turns to the left into the valley; or by the 
 steamer from Fliielen (starting at 1.20 p.m.), which touches at Isleten daily; 
 or by small boat from Fliielen; or, best of all, by boat from Tell's Platte 
 in 1/4 ^r- (2-4 fr.). From Bauen (see above) a pleasant path, affording 
 splendid views of the lake, ascends round the slope of the Furkelett 
 direct to Isenthal in I'/z hr. — The path ascending from Isleten unites 
 at the Fruttkapelle with the path from Scedorf. About 1 hr. from Isleten 
 we reach the prettily situated village of Isenthal (2452' ; Gasser^s Inn, three 
 beds, rustic but clean ; guides, Joh. Imfanger and Mich, and Joh. Oaxser), at 
 the S. base of the precipitous Oberbaiien or Schyngrat (6955'), which may 
 be ascended hence via the Bauherg in 3V2-4 hrs, (recommended to adepts; 
 guide necessary). The valley divides here into the Grossthal to the right 
 and the Kleinf/ial to the left." — Through the Grossthal, in which lies the 
 Alpine hamlet of (3/4 hr.) Si. Jakob (3215'), we may either proceed to the 
 W., passing over the Schonegg Pass (6315'), between the Hohe Brisen 
 (7890') and "the Kaiserstuhl (7877'), to Ober-Rickenbach and (5V2 hrs.) Wol/en- 
 schiessen (p. 119); or to the S.W., over the Rothgratli (5420')- between the 
 Engelberg-Rothstock and the Hasenstock, to (10 hrs.) Engelberg (p. 120). 
 The Engelberg-Rothstock (925U') may be ascended without difficulty from 
 the Rothgriitli in 3/4 hr. (comp. p. 120). Via the Jochli and the Biihlalp 
 to (41/2-5 hrs.) Nieder-Rickenbach, see p. 119. 
 
 Through the Kleinthal leads the shortest route to the summit of the 
 Uri-Eothstock (6-6V2 hrs.; not easy; guide 15, or with descent to Engel- 
 berg 25 fr.). A fatiguing path leads to the Neienalp and (2 hrs.) Miisen- 
 alp (4885'); then a toilsome ascent of precipices of slate-rock to the 
 top of the Kessel (8458'); lastly, up the Mittelgrdtli, or round it towards 
 the E., across the Kleinthal Glacier and up the arete separating it from the 
 Bliimlisalp Glacier, to the (4 hrs.) summit of the *TJri-Rothstock (9620'). 
 An easier, but longer route through the Grossthal, passing St. Jakob (see 
 above) and the Sc?tloss/elsen , ascends by a steep and rough path to the 
 (3 hrs.) JI(ingbaum-Alp (5660'), grandly situated (fine cascades), where the 
 night is spent (hay-beds); thence (starting early in the morning) over 
 pastures , loose stones, and along the N. edge of the BliimUsalpfirn to the 
 ridge between the Grossthal and Kleinthal ; and lastly up the arete towards 
 the W. to the summit (3i/2-4 hrs. from Hangbaum), which is usually free from 
 snow in summer. The mountain-group which culminates in the Uri-Roth- 
 stock and the Brunnistock (9683'), like the Titlis, is almost perpendicular 
 on the E. and S.E. sides (towards the Gitschenthal and Surenen) , and is 
 composed of gigantic and fantastically contorted limestone rocks. The view 
 fx'om the summit is exceedingly grand : to the S. the chain of the Alps, with 
 the Sentis at their E. extremity; at our feet. 8000' below, the Lake of 
 Lucerne and the entire Schachenthal ; to the N.E., X. and N.W. the 
 Mythen, Rossberg, Rigi, Pilatus, and the Entlebuch Mts., the lower hills 
 of N. Switzerland, and the plains of S. Germany. — The descent (an easy 
 and attractive glacier-expedition) may be made by the Bliimlisalp Glacier, 
 the SchloRsstock-Liicke, and the Rothsfock-Mcke to the (3 hrs.) Plankenalp 
 Club-hut, and to (3 hrs.) Engelberg (p. 120). 
 
 26. The Rigi. 
 
 The Mountain Railways which ascend the Rigi from Vitznau and from 
 Arth are now used by the vast majority of travellers who visit this 
 admirable and justly "famous point of view. The journey is further 
 facilitated by the numerous trains and steamboats which connect Arth 
 and Vitznau with places both near and distant, so that a visit to the 
 Rigi and back may now be accomplished easily from Lucerne or Ziirich 
 in one day. The ascent from Vitznau, which is more convenient for many 
 travellers, affords beautiful views all the wav. while that from Arth offers
 
 86 II. Route 26, RIGI. HoteU. 
 
 the advantage tliat the view bursts upon the spectator far more strikingly 
 as he approaches the top. 
 
 Both lines are constructed on the rack-and-pinion system. The gauge 
 is of the usual width. Between the rails runs the toothed rail, which 
 consists of two rails placed side by side and connected with cross-bars at 
 regular intervals. Into the spaces thus formed works a cog-wheel under 
 the locomotive, which is always placed below the passenger-car. The 
 maximum gradient of the Vitznan line is 1:4, and of the Arth line 1 : 5. 
 Each train on the Vitznau line consists of one carriage only, with 54 
 seats , not divided into classes, and , on the Arth line , of two carriages 
 holding 40 persons each. The average speed is 4-6 M. per hour. 
 
 The Footpaths to the top of the Rigi are now very little used , but 
 the Descent to Weggis on foot (2-2V2 hrs. ; see p. 88) is recommended. 
 
 Hotels. On the Kulm, *Scheeibee''s Rigi-Kdlm Hotels (three houses, 
 the two higher and older being now dependances of the lower; Restau- 
 rant on the ground-floor of the latter); high charges, R., L., & A. 6-7, 
 D. 5 fr. — On the Rigi-StafFel (p. 87), where all the routes converge, 1/2 hr. 
 below the Kulm, -Hot.-Pens. Rigi-Staffel, R., L., & A. 3-3V2, D. 81/2, S. 3, 
 pens. 8-9 fr., adapted for a stay of some time; Hotel Staffel-Kdlm and 
 Hotel Rigibahn, both immediately above the station, moderate. — The 
 'KuEHAUS Rigi-Kaltbad (p. 87), 1/2 br, below the Staffel, to the W., is a 
 large, first-class establishment (pens, from 9 fr. ; hot and cold baths; Engl. 
 Church Service); 'Bellevue, below stat. Kaltbad, D. 31/2, pens, from 7 fr. 
 — *H6tel Rigi-Fiest, on the Scheidegg railway (p. 91), V* ^^- from the 
 Kaltbad, pleasant for some stay, pens, from 10th July to iOth Sept. 
 11-15 fr., earlier or later in the season 9-12 fr. — ''Sonne and *Schweet, 
 by the Klosterli (p. 88), R. & A. 11/2-21/2, B. 21/2-8, pens. 5-6 fr. — Pens. 
 Riedboden, between the Klosterli and the Staffel, 4 fr. — *Hot.-Pens. 
 Rigi-Felsenthoe (p. 88), 10 min. from stat. Romiti-Felsenthor (p. 87), 
 pens. 6-7 fr. Hotel-Pens. Rothenfluh, 10 min., and Hotel-Pens. Grubis- 
 BALM, 15 min. from stat. Freibei^gen (p. 87), both unpretending. — *H6tel- 
 Pens. Rigi-TJnteestetten , near stat. "Unterstetten (p. 91), plain, pens. 
 5-6 fr. — *KuEHAUs Rigi-Scheidegg (p. 92), R.3-5, D. 4, B. 11/4, S. 21/2, 
 pens, in July and August 7-12, in June and Sept. 7-10 fr. (Engl. Ch. Serv.). 
 
 The **Iligi (5905', or 4470' above the Lake of Lncerne; origin- 
 ally 'die Rigi', i.e. the strata), a group of mountains about 25 M. in 
 circumference, lying between the lakes of Lucerne, Zug, and Lowerz, 
 is chiefly composed of conglomerate (p. 101), while the N. and W. 
 sides belong to the meiocene formation. The N. side is precipitous, 
 but the S. side consists of broad terraces and gentle slopes, covered 
 with fresh green pastures which support upwards of 4000 head of 
 cattle, and planted towards the base with fig, chestnut, and almond 
 trees. Owing to its isolated situation, the Rigi commands a most ex- 
 tensive yiew, 300 m. in circumference, and unsurpassed for beauty 
 in Switzerland. The mountain was known to a few travellers 
 during the latter part of the 18th cent., but it was not till afterthe 
 peace of 1815 that it became a resort of tourists. In 1816 a very 
 modest inn was erected on theKulmby voluntary subscription, and 
 in 1848 it was superseded by the oldest of the three houses on the 
 summit. Since then the number of inns has been steadily increas- 
 ing, and the Rigi is now one of the most popular of Swiss resorts. 
 
 From Vitznau to the Rigi-Kulm, 41/2 M., Mountain Railway 
 in 1 hr. 20 min., fare 7 fr. (to Kaltbad 41/2, Staffel 6 fr.); descent also 
 in 1 hr. 20 min., fare 31/2 fr. ; 10 lbs. of luggage free. First-class return- 
 tickets from Lucerne to the Rigi via Vitznau I31/2 fr. ; Sunday tickets 7 fr. ; 
 season-tickets 30 per cent less. Return-tickets do not permit of an alternative
 
 V I E R 
 
 ":2::r: 
 
 t 
 
 -p= 
 
 1 f 
 
 Ho
 
 Kaltbad. RIGI. II. Route 26. 87 
 
 return-route; e.g. holders of tickets from Vitznaa may not return to Arth, 
 or vice versa. 
 
 Vitznau, see p. 79. The station is close to the quay. The 
 train (views to the left) ascends gradually through the village (1 : 
 15), and afterwards more rapidly (1 : 4), skirting the precipitous 
 slopes of the Dossen. A *View of the lake is soon disclosed, becom- 
 ing grander as we ascend. Opposite us first appears the dark Biir- 
 genstock, then the Stanserhorn, Pilatus, and Lucerne. Farther up, 
 the Alps of Uri, Engelberg, and Bern come in sight above the lower 
 mountains. The train (20 min. after starting) penetrates a tunnel 
 82 yds. long, crosses the Schnurtobel, a ravine 75' deep in which the 
 Orubisbach flows, by a bridge borne by five iron pillars, and soon 
 reaches the watering and passing station of Freibergen (3333'), beyond 
 which the line is double. Stat. Romiti-Felsenthor (3S90'; comp. 
 p. 88) and (54 min. from Vitznau) — 
 
 23/4M. Kaltbad (4700') ; to the left is the large Kurhaua (p. 86), 
 with its covered promenade, a health-resort on a plateau sheltered 
 from the N. and E. winds. 
 
 A path leads through a narrow opening in the rock, to the left of the 
 hotel, to (5 min.) St. Michael's Chapel, the walls of which are hung with 
 numerous votive tablets. One of these on the left side records that two 
 pious sisters sought refuge here from the persecutions of a governor of the 
 district in the time of King Albert, and built the chapel. The spring 
 (42° Fahr.) which bubbles forth from the rock adjoining the chapel was 
 formerly called the 'Schwesternborn\ 
 
 A level path among the blocks of conglomerate near the chapel, and after- 
 wards traversing park-like grounds, leads to the (V4 hr.) *Ka.nzeli (4T73'), 
 a pavilion on a projecting rock, comm.inding an admirable view of the 
 snow-mountains, and of the plain towards the N. with its numerous lakes, 
 similar to that from the Staffel, but with a more picturesque foreground. 
 — A path leads hence to the Stafiel in the same time as from the Kalt- 
 bad (50 min.), ascending to the right as far as the point where the S. part 
 of the Lake of Lucerne becomes visible, and following the crest of the 
 mountain until it joins the path from the Kaltbad, at the ('/ahr.) Staffelhohe. 
 
 Railway from the Kaltbad to the Scheidegg, see p. 91. 
 
 In 5 min. more the train reaches stat. Staffelhohe ; then ascends 
 to the left, round the Rigi-Rothstock (see helo^v^, in 9 min. to (4M.) 
 Eigi-Staffel (5262'), the junction of the Arth line (see below). 
 
 The Rigi-Rothstock (5455'), 'A hr. to the S.W. (direct path from the 
 Kaltbad in 35 min.), aflords a very picturesque survey of the central part 
 of the Lake of Lucerne, which is not visible from the Kulm. A clear view 
 is often enjoyed from this point while the Kulm is enveloped in dense 
 fog. The sunset is said to be sometimes seen in greater perfection from 
 the Rothstock than from the Kulm, but the sunrise should certainly be 
 witnessed from the latter. 
 
 The railway (here parallel with the Arth line) now ascends steeply 
 to the Kulm (in 7 min. ; a walk of 1/2 hr.), skirting the precipices 
 on the N. side of the hill. 41/2 M- Rigi-Kulm (5741'), see p. 89. 
 
 From Arth to thb Rigi-Kulm, 7M., Mountain Railway inl'/ahr., 
 fare 8fr. 80 (to the Klosterli 5 fr. 50, Staftel 7fr. 40 0.; from Arth-Goldau, on 
 the St. Gotthard Railway, to the Kulm in IV4 hr., S fr.); descent in IV2 hr., 
 4fr. 30 c.; return-tickets from Arlh liVt-, from Arth-Goldau 11 fr. ; only 
 10 lbs. of luggage free. Season-tickets 50 per cent less.
 
 88 II. Route 26. RIGI. Klosterli. 
 
 Arth (1345'; Hail. Restaurant), see p. 96. As far as Goldau the 
 line is of the ordinary kind. The train ascends gradually to Ober- 
 Arth (1490'}, passes through the Muhlefluh Tunnel and under the 
 St. Gotthard Railway, and reaches (IV2 M. ) Arth-Goldau (1683' ), 
 a station on the St. Gotthard line (p. 101), where the toothed- 
 wheel system begins , and where we change our direction (Seats 
 should if possible be secured at Arth on the left side, that 
 farthest from the waiting-room.) The Rigi line traverses part of 
 the scene of the Goldau landslip (p. 101), crosses the Schwyz road, 
 and describes a wide curve to the W. ; then, ascending more rapidly, 
 it skirts the slope at the foot of the Scheidegg and reaches (23/4M.) 
 Stat. Krahel (2507'), where the engine is 'watered'. Farther on, 
 ascending 1' in 5', we skirt the precipitous Krdbelwand^ and obtain 
 a fine view of the valley and lake of Lowerz , with the island of 
 Schwanau, the Mythen 7iear Schwyz, the Rossberg and scene of the 
 great landslip, and the Lake of Zug. Beyond the Rothenfluh Tunnel 
 we are carried through a picturesque wooded valley, and across the 
 Rothenfluhbach^ to the passing-station Fruttli (3780'). Still ascending 
 rapidly, the train traverses the Pfedernwald, crosses the Dosscn- 
 bach and (beyond the Pfedernwald TunneV) the Schildbach, and 
 reaches (5 M. ; IV4 hr. from Arth) — 
 
 Stat. Eigi-Klosterli (4262'), lying in a basin enclosed by the 
 Rigi-Kulm, the Rothstock, and the First. The 'Klosterli' is a small 
 Capuchin monastery and hospice, with the pilgrimage-chapel of Maria 
 zum Schnee, founded in 1689 and rebuilt in 1712, and the inns al- 
 ready mentioned (p. 86). The chapel is much visited by pilgrims, 
 especially on 5th Aug. and 6th Sept. ; and on Sundays there is mass 
 with a sermon for the herdsmen. This spot has no view, but is 
 sheltered, and the air is often quite clear while the Kulm, Staflfel, and 
 Scheidegg are shrouded in mist. Walk from the Klosterli to the Rigi- 
 First 20 min. , Unterstetten V2 lir-, tf» the Staffel, the Rothstock, or the 
 Schild 3/4, to the Dossen or Kulm li/4hr., to the Scheidegg i^/il^r. 
 
 At (61/4 M.) Stat. Eigi-Staffel (p. 87) a strikingly beautiful 
 view is suddenly disclosed towards the W. and N. (comp. p. 86). 
 From this point to the (7 M.) Rigi-Kulm, see p. 87. 
 
 Foot and Bridle Paths to tlie E,igi (comp. p. 86). From Weggis (p. 79) a 
 bridle-path {3' '4 hrs.) , which cannot be missed (finger-post 5 min. from 
 the landing-place), winds at first through productive orchards, the fruit 
 of which is frequently offered for sale. It crosses the track of a mud- 
 stream which descended from the mountain in 1795, taking a fortnight to 
 reach the lake. (IV4 hr.) Heiligkreuz-Capelle ; (V2 hr.) -ffdiel- Pension Felsen- 
 t/ior (p. 86), near the Hochstein or Kcisbissen, an arch formed of two huge 
 masses of conglomerate, on which rests a third block. (Stat. Romiti^ a 
 little higher up, see p. 87.) The path runs parallel to the railway part 
 of the way. (3/4 hr.) Kalthad, see p. 87. This route commands beautiful 
 views and is especially recommended for the descent (comp. p. 86). 
 
 From Kussnacht (p. 96) a bridle-path (81/4 hrs.). The path diverges 
 to the right by a small shrine at the N. end of the village, skirting the 
 brook, which it crosses near a large new house 5 1/2 br., ruins of a burned 
 house; at the finger-post 'auf die Rigi' we turn to the left; 20 min., Ross- 
 iceid, where the rock bears a cross to the memorv of a man killed by
 
 Kulm. RIGI. 77. Route 26. 89 
 
 lightning in 1738 (view over the N. part of fhe Lake of Zug); then through 
 wood (for 20 min.) and a fern-clad tract (view of the Lakes of Sempach 
 to the left, and Baldegg to tho right). (V* hr.) Vordere Seeboden-Alp (3372'; 
 Ilotcl-Pension Soebodenalp, 5-7 fr.), on which, at the Jleiligkreuz ^ onr 
 path unites with those from Immensee and Tell's Chapel ; 18 min., Hintere 
 Seeboden-Alp. Then a steep zigzag ascent of l'/4 hr. to Rig i- Staff el (p. 87). 
 Fkom Goldau (p. 101), 33/4 hrs., an excellent hridlc-path, and not to 
 be mistaken. To the W. of the railway-station we cross the Aa^ and proceed 
 to the left of the brook through meadows, pine-wood, and rocky debris, 
 ascending by steps at places. To tlie left the precipitous slopes of the Roth- 
 fluh (5233'). 1 hr. Untaxes Dachli (3083'; /?m), where the path fromArth 
 comes up on the right; good view of the valley of Goldau, the Lake of 
 Lowerz, and the Mythen of Schwyz. By the cross adjoining the tavern 
 begin the thirteen stations or oratories which lead to the chapel of Our 
 Lady of the Snow. At (20 min.) the Oberes Dachli (refreshm.), with its 
 fresh spring, the wood is quitted; on the opposite side of the valley runs 
 the railway. This point is about half-way to the top : the second half 
 (I3/4 hr.) is easier, lU min. Malchtis-Kapelle^ the 8th station ; then (V2 hr.) 
 Klosterli (p. &S) ; thence to the Rigi-Staffel (p. 87) 40 min., to the First 
 20 min. (p. 101). 
 
 The Rigi-Kulm (5905'), the highest and northernmost point of 
 the Rigi, descends abruptly on the N. to the Lake of Zug, while on 
 the S.W. side it joins that part of the mountain which encloses the 
 basin of the Klosterli and extends to the Scheidegg. At the top 
 rises a wooden belvedere. The hotels (p. 86) stand about 130 paces 
 below the summit, sheltered from the W. and N. winds. 
 
 The Kulm almost always presents a busy scene, but is most 
 thronged in the morning and evening. The sunset is always the 
 chief attraction. A performer on the Alpine horn blows the 'retreat 
 of the orb of day, after which the belvei'.ere is soon deserted. 
 
 Half-an-hour before sunrise, the Alpine horn sounds the re- 
 veille. All is again noise and bustle ; the crowded hotels are for 
 the nonce without a tenant; and the summit is thronged with an 
 eager multitude , enveloped in all manner of cloaks and mantles. 
 Unfortunately a perfectly cloudless sunrise is a rare event. 
 
 A faint streak in the E., which gradually pales the brightness 
 of the stars, heralds the birth of day. This insensibly changes to 
 a band of gold on the horizon ; each lofty peak becomes tinged with 
 a roseate blush ; the shadows between the Rigi and the horizon grad- 
 ually melt away; forests, lakes, hills, towns, and villages reveal 
 themselves; all is at first grey and cold, until at length the sun 
 bursts from behind the mountains in all its majesty, flooding the 
 superb landscape with light and warmth. 
 
 **View. The first object which absorbs out attention is the stu- 
 pendous range of the snow-clad Alps, 120 M. in length (comp. the 
 Panorama). The chain begins in the far K. with the Senti» in Can- 
 ton Appcnzell , over or near which the first rays of the rising sun 
 appear in summer. Nearer the Rigi rises the huge snowy crest of 
 the Gldmisch ; then the Todi , in front of which are the Clariden, 
 and to the right the double peak of the Scheerhorn ; next, the broad 
 Windgdlle , immediately opposite , and the sharp pyramid of the 
 BriHenstock . at the foot of which lies Amstes on the St. Gotthard
 
 90 11. Route 26. RIGI. Kulm. 
 
 road; then the Brunnistock and the Vri-Rothstock , side hy side, 
 both so near that the ice of their glaciers can he distinguished ; 
 next, the hroad Schlossherg and the serrated Spannbrter^ and more 
 to the right the Titlis, the highest of the Unterwalden range, easily 
 distinguished by its vast mantle of snow. The eye next travels to 
 the Bernese Alps, crowning the landscape with their magnificent 
 peaks clad with perpetual snow. To the extreme left is the Finster- 
 aarhorn, the loftiest of all (14,025'); adjacent to it the Lauteraar- 
 horn and the Schreckhorn, the three white peaks of the Wetterhorn 
 (Rosenhorn, Mittelhorn, and Hasli-Jungfrau), the Monch, the Eiger 
 with its perpendicular walls of dark rock on the N. side, and the 
 Jungfrau with the Silherhorn. To the W. tower the jagged peaks of 
 the Pilatus, forming the extreme outpost of the Alps in this direc- 
 tion. — Towards the North the entire Lake of Zug is visible, with 
 the roads leadings toArth, and the villages of Zug, Cham, Risch, and 
 Walchivyl. To the left of the Lake of Zug, at the foot of the Rigi, 
 stands TelVs Chapel, midway between Immensee and Kiissnacht, 
 a little to the left of a white house; then, separated from the Lake 
 of Zug by a narrow strip of land, the Kiissnacht arm of the Lake of 
 Lucerne ; more to the W. Lucerne with its crown of battlements and 
 towers, at the head of its bay. Beyond Lucerne is seen almost the 
 entire canton of that name and farther to the N. the canton of^ar- 
 gau, with the Emme meandering through the open landscape like a 
 silver thread ; the Reuss is also visible at places. More distant are 
 the Lake of Sempach, the W. side of which is skirted by the rail- 
 way to Bale, and the lakes of Baldegg and Hallicyl. Towards the 
 West and North -West the horizon is bounded by the Jura Mts., 
 above which peep some of the crests of the Vosges. — To the North, 
 but to the left of the Lake of Zug, in the distance rises the castle 
 of Hahshurg ; still farther the Black Forest with its highest peaks, 
 the Feldberg (to the right) and the Belchen (to the left), is visible. 
 Beyond the Lake of Zug is seen the crest of the Albis with the 
 Uetliberg , which nearly conceals the Lake of Ziirich; the long 
 cantonal hospital and the cathedral in the town of Zurich are, 
 however, visible. In the extreme distance rise the basaltic cones 
 of Hohenhowen and Hohenstoffeln (close together) and the Hohen^ 
 iwiel in Swabia. Towards the East, behind the N. slope of the 
 Rossberg, a glimpse is obtained of the Lake of Ageri, on the S. bank 
 of which was fought the famous battle of Morgarten (p. 72). 
 Beyond Arth, opposite the Kulm, is the Rossberg , the S. slope of 
 which was the scene of the disastrous Goldau landslip (p. 101). 
 Between the Rossberg and the E. ramifications of the Rigi lies the 
 Lake of Lowerz with its two little islands ; beyond it, the town of 
 Schwyz, at the foot of the bald heights of the Mythen, overtopped 
 by the imposing Gldrnisch. To the right opens the Muotathal, cel- 
 ebrated in military annals. To the South-East and South the 
 different heights of the Rigi form the foreground : viz. the Hochfluh
 
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 RIGI. //. Route 26. 91 
 
 (below it the RothfluK), Scheidegg , Dossen , and Schild, at tlie foot 
 of -which lies the Klosterli. To the left of the Schild part of the 
 Lake of Lucerne is seen near Beckenried, and to the right the bay 
 called the Lake of Buochs, with the Buochser Horn above it ; a little 
 more to the right the Stanser Horn with Stans at its base; nearer, 
 the less lofty Burgenstock and the Rigi-Rothstock. Beyond these, 
 to the left, is the Lake of Sarnen, embosomed in forest, to the 
 right, the Bay of Alpnach, connected with the Like of Lucerne by 
 a narrow strait formed by the Lopperberg , a spur of Pilatus. — 
 Good panorama by Keller, npon which that annexed is based. 
 
 For a quarter of an hour before and after sunrise the view is 
 clearest ; at a later hour the mists rise and condense into clouds, 
 frequently concealing a great part of the landscape. To quote the 
 chamois-hunter in Schiller's Tell : 
 
 'Through the parting clouds only 
 The earth can be seen, 
 
 Far down 'neath the vapour 
 The meadows of green.' 
 But the mists themselves possess a certain charm, surging in the 
 depths of the vaUeys, or veiling the Kulm, and struggling against 
 the powerful rays of the sun. The effects of light and shade, 
 varying so often in the course of the day, are also a source of 
 constant interest. In the early morning the Bernese Alps are seen 
 to the best advantage, and in the evening those to the E. of the 
 Bristenstock. One whole day at least should be devoted to the Rigi. 
 A visit may also be paid (on foot or by rail) to the Staffel (p. 87) 
 and the Rothstock (p. 87), the Kaltbad (p. 87), the Klosterli (p. 88), 
 or the Scheidegg (p. 92). 
 
 As the temperature often varies 40-50o within 24 hours, overcoats 
 and shawls should not be forgotten. During the prevalence of the Fohn, 
 or S. wind, the Alps seem to draw nearer, their jagged outlines become 
 more definite, their tints warmer; and during a W. wind the Jura Mts. 
 present a similar appearance. These phenomena generally portend rain. 
 
 From thb Kaltbad to the Rigi-Schbidegg. — 4V4 M. Railway 
 (adhesion-cars, without toothed rail) in 25 min. ; fare 2 fr. 50, there and 
 back 3 fr. 60 c. 
 
 Rigi-Kaltbad (4700'), see p. 87. The raUway skirts the S. 
 slope of the Rothstock, being hewn in the rock the greater part 
 of the way, and ascends gradually to stat. Kigi-First (4747'; 
 *notel, see p. 86), which commands a beautiful view of the Lake 
 of Lucerne, the Uri and Unterwalden Mts., and the Bernese Alps. 
 The train now describes a wide curve round the N. slopes of the 
 <Sc/iiW(5062'; 18 min. from the Hotel Rigi-First), affording a pleasant 
 view, towards the E., of the Mythen, the Gliirnisch, and the Alps 
 of Appenzell. Beyond stat. Vnterstetten (Hotel, see p. 86) we tra- 
 verse the saddle of the hill and cross a bridge 55 yds. long , with 
 a view to the N. and S. We pass through the Weissenegg Tunnel, 
 55 yds. long, cross the Dossentohel by a viaduct 84' high, and
 
 92 17. Route 26. RTGI-SCHEIDEGG. 
 
 beyond the ridge which connects the Dossen with the Scheidegg, 
 where a view towards the S. is again disclosed, reach Vnter-Dossen. 
 
 Stat. Rigi-Scheidegg, 160' below the *Hotel ^' Kurhaus (5405') 
 mentioned at p. 86. The view hence is less extensive than that 
 from the Kulm , bnt it also embraces the principal mountains, and 
 some points not visible from the Kulm (view-tower 70' high; Pano- 
 rama at the hotel). The plateau of the Scheidegg, about 1 M. in 
 length, affords a pleasant promenade which may be prolonged by the 
 'Seeweg' along the slope of the Dossen as far as Unterstetten. The 
 Dossen (see below), commanding a splendid view, is 2/4 hr. distant. 
 
 The 'Rigi-Hochfluh (5555') may be ascended in 11/2-2 hrs. from the 
 Scheidegg, by a new path constructed by Dr. Stierlin-Hauser, which stead- 
 ily follows the ridge, passing the Gdtlerli (pass from Gersau to Lowerz ; 
 3720*) and Scharleggli (4475')- In the couloir, on the X .W. side of the sum- 
 mit, an almost perpendicular iron ladder, SO* high, must he ascended 
 (wire-rope railing, but steady head indispensable). This highly interesting 
 ascent affords a most picturesque view of the Lake of Uri, the Alps of 
 Uri and Schwyz, and the Glarner Alps. The older route ('2V2-3 hrs.), cross- 
 ing the saddle towards the Zihlistock-Hiitte^ and then ascending among 
 the rocks on the S. side, has also been improved and is preferable to the 
 route on the N. side. 
 
 Paths to the Scheidegg. From Gersau (p. 80) a bridle-path (3-3i/-2 hrs.), 
 steep at places. Beyond the village we cross the brook and ascend by a 
 paved path between orchards and farm-houses ; 40min., \h.e Brand; 1/2 hr., 
 a saw-mill, where we again cross the brook; 10 min., Unter-Oschwend 
 (3200'i tavern); 10 min., Ober - Gschwend (3330'; halfway). To the right, 
 the precipitous slopes of the Hochfluh{ see above); below lies the little chapel 
 of St. Joseph. We now turn to the left (to the right is the path to Lowerz 
 via the Gatterli, see above) and ascend by the Hasenbiihl-Alp and the Kriisel- 
 hoden to the sharp crest of the hill, where a view is suddenly disclosed of the 
 Rossberg, the lakes of Lowerz and Zug, and the Kurhaus of Rigi-Scheidegg. 
 
 Feom Lowekz (p. 101) a bridle-path (3 hrs.), ascending towards the S. to 
 the Gdtterli (see above) and thence to the right over the ridge to the hotel. 
 
 Feom the Klostebli (p. 88) a bridle-path (IV2 hr.), ascending from 
 the Schwert Inn to the (1/2 hr.) Edtel Rigi- Unterstetten (p. 86), situated on 
 the saddle between the Schild and Dossen (5510*), 40 min. below the sum- 
 tnit, which commands the whole of the Lake of Lucerne and Canton Unter- 
 walden. Descent via Unterdossen to Scheidegg in 40 minutes. Refreshments 
 may be obtained at a chalet, halfway between Unterstetten and Scheidegg. 
 
 27. From Lucerne to Alpnach-Stad. Pilatus. 
 
 Comp. Map., p. 79. 
 Beunig Railway from Lucerne to (8 M.) Alpnach-Stad in 27-32 min., 
 (1 fr. 40, 1 fr., 70 c. ; return-tickets 2 fr. 25, 1 fr. 60, 1 fr. 15 c), see p. 122. 
 — ^ Steamboat, 8 times daily in ^ji-i^j-z hr. (6 times via Kehrsiten, thrice 
 via Hergiswyl, twice direct via Stansstad), connecting at Alpnach-Stad 
 with the Briinig and Pilatus Railways. Passengers with through -tickets 
 Kiay use as far as Alpnach either the Briinig Railway or the steamboat. — 
 The ascent or descent by the Pilatus Railway (p. 94) takes 1 hr. 25 min. ; 
 fares, up 10, down 6 fr. ;' return-fare for the first and the last train 10 fr.; 
 combined tickets for railway and hotel, including R., D., and B. 25 fr. ; 
 Sunday tickets, valid in May and Oct. for the first, in June-Sept, for the 
 first and second trains (return by any train) 9 fr. 
 
 The Bbunig Railway to Alpnach-Stad, via Hergiswyl, see 
 p. 122. — The Steamboat steers towards the 'Kreuztrichter' (p. 79), 
 keeping near the W. bank and passing the country-seat of Tribschen,
 
 HERGISWYL. 11. Routt 1^7. 93 
 
 the Pension Stutz (p. 74), the St. Niklauscapelle, and the station of 
 Kastanienbaum, and enters the bay of Stansstad. To the left rises 
 the BUrgenstock, with its precipitous N. slopes, at the N. E, angle 
 of which lies the station of Kehrsiten (Restaurant). 
 
 A Rack-and-Piniox and Wike-Rope Railway ascends the*Burgenstock 
 from Kehrsiten in 12 min. (fares, up IV2, 1 fr., down 1 fr., 50 c), tra- 
 versing a distance of 1025 yds., with an avera:_'e gradient of 54 : 100. The 
 motive power is electricity, which is also utilized for pumpiiig water and 
 for purposes of lighting. At the tup of the railway (2855', 1420' above the 
 level of the lake) is & Restaur ant., with view terrace, "besi'le which is the Park 
 Hotel; 3 min. farther S. the large 'Hotel Burgenstock (R, from 21/2-61/2, !>• 
 IV2, D. 41/2, board 7 fr. ; resident physician), a favourite health-resort, 
 with extensive and shady grounds. The hotel and several points near 
 it command beautiful views of tlie lakes of Lucerne, Zug, Sempach, 
 and Baldegg, the Eigi, etc. A good path leads to (V2 hr.) Honegg; an- 
 other (lately improved) through wood in 35-40 min. to the 'Hammetsch- 
 wand (3720'), the summit of the Burgenstock, which descends abruptly 
 to the Lake of Lucerne : striking view of the greater part of the lake, 
 of the lakes of Sarnen, Sempach, Baldegg. Hallwyl. and Zug, of the 
 Rigi, Pilatus, Mythen, Weissenstein, and of the Alps of Glarus andUnter- 
 walden, and part of the Bernese Alps (Panorama 50 c). 
 
 To the right the promontory of Spissenegg extends far into the 
 lake, forming a bay which extends to the N. to Winkel. The steamer 
 steers (except on the direct voyages , see p. 92) to the S.W. to 
 Hergiswyl {*H6t.-Pens. Rossli, *H6t.-Pens. Schweizerheim, botli mod- 
 crate), at the foot of Pilatus (see p. 95), and then to the E. to Stans- 
 stad (1445'; *E6tel Winkelried, pens. 6 fr., R. extra; Freienhof; 
 Rossli; SchlusseV)^ the 'harbour of Stans'. The square pinnacled 
 Schnitz-Thurm was erected by the Swiss in 1308 to vindicate their 
 new-won independence. 
 
 Steam-tramway from Stansstad to Stans and cable-line thence to the 
 top of the •■ Stanserhorn^ see p. 118. — From Stans to Engelbei-g, see R. 34. 
 
 Walk fkom Stansstad to Sakn'ex, 3 hrs. The path skirts the lake for 
 a short way, enters the Rotzloch, and at Allweg (*Inn), 2 M. from Stans- 
 stad, where there is a chapel in memory of Wiukelried (pp. 21, 118,1, joins 
 the Stans and Sarnen Road (no diligence). This road leads past the W. 
 base of the Stanserhorn (p. 118), and by Rohreii to (2 M.) St. Jakob., a village 
 with an old church, then across the Mehlbach, and through the Kemwald 
 to (3 M.) Kerns and (I1/2 M.) Sarnen (p. 123). 
 
 The Lopper, the E. spur of Pilatus, extends far into the lake. 
 The brook opposite, which falls into the lake at Stansstad, has further 
 narrowed the channel between the Lake of Lucerne and the Lake of 
 Alpnach with its alluvial deposits, and the strait is now crossed by 
 an embankment and a bridge (Acherbriicke), which is opened for the 
 passage of steamers. Within the Bay of Alpnach rises the Rotzberg 
 (2214'), crownedby a ruined castle of the same name (ascent from 
 the Rotzloch ^/^ br. ; view). The hill is separated from the Plattiherg 
 by the Botzloch, a narrow ravine, in which the MeJdbach forms 
 several falls. Portland cement factory (the dust sometimes very 
 unpleasant). On the lake is situated Hotel-Pension Rotzloch, with 
 a sulphur-spring and pleasant grounds (pens. 4-5 fr.). On the slope 
 of the Rotzberg, 1/4 hr. to the E., is the *Pens. Rotzbevg, prettily sit- 
 uated, and 10 min. beyond it the Pens. Burg Rotzberg.
 
 94 II. Route 27. PILATUS. 
 
 At the S.W. angle of the Lake of Alpnach lies Alpnach-Stad 
 (1443'; ""Hotel Pilatus, R., L., & A. 2V2-3V2, T). 81/2, B.li/4fr., with 
 veranda and garden; Stern; Rossli, moderate), the station for the 
 Briinig Railway and the starting-point of the Pilatus Railway. 
 
 *Pilatus (6998'), the lofty mountain to the S.W. of Lucerne, 
 rises boldly in a rugged and imposing mass, almost isolated from the 
 surrounding heights. The W. and N. portions belong to the canton 
 of Lucerne, the E. and S. to Unterwalden. The lower slopes are 
 clothed with beautiful pastures and forests, while the upper part 
 consists of wild and serrated cliffs, from which its ancient name 
 Fractus Mons (broken mountain) is derived. The names 'Fracmont', 
 'Frakmund', have in later times been occasionally applied to it, but 
 the name Pilatus (probably from the tradition mentioned at p. 78) 
 came into general use about the close of last century. The mountain 
 is the popular barometer of the district ; if the summit is free from 
 clouds and fog in the morning, the weather cannot be depended on; 
 but if shrouded in fog till midday, a clear evening may be expected. 
 
 The names of the different peaks from W. to E. are the Mittaggiipfi 
 or Gnepfstein (6300'), the Rothe-Totzen (6893'), the Widderfeld (6825', the 
 wildest), the Tomlishom (6998', the highest), the Gemsindttli (6732'); to 
 the S. the Matthorn (6693'); to the N. the Klimsenhorn (6265'. which, seen 
 from Lucerne, is the farthest W.); in the centre the Oberhaupt, then the 
 Esel (6965', the most frequently ascended), and lastly the Steigli-Egg (6485'). 
 
 "The PiLATDS Railway (duration of journey and fares see p. 92; best 
 views to the right), constructed in 1886-88 by Col. Locher of Ziirieh, is 
 nearly 3 M. long, with an average gradient of 42 : 100 and a maximum 
 gradient of 48 : ICXD. The line rests throughout on a substructure of mas- 
 sive granite blocks and slabs, to which an upper framework of iron and 
 steel is securely fastened with huge screws. 'The toothed rail has vertical 
 teeth on both sides, into which two pairs of toothed wheels attached to 
 the train work horizontally. The engine and the passenger- carriage (32 seats) 
 form a single car with two axles. 
 
 The railway begins near the Hotel Pilatus (1443' ; p. 93), and 
 immediately ascends, traversing orchards and afterwards wood. 
 21 min. Wolfort (2985'), a watering-station, immediately beyond 
 which the train crosses a stone bridge , with a span of 82', 
 across the gorge of the Wolfort ,• fine view of the Lake of Alp- 
 nach to the right. We then enter the Wolfort Tunnel (48 yds.), 
 beyond which the line is carried along the stony slope of the Ris- 
 leten, the most difficult portion of the railway to construct (gradient 
 48 : 100), and then traverse the Lower (56 yds.) and Upper Spycher 
 Tunnel (106 yds. long ; 3773' above the sea-level) to the (43 min.) 
 Aemsigenalp (4430'), a passing-station with pumping-works which 
 force water to the Pilatus-Kulm, 2355' above. The railway now 
 ascends through wood on the edge of a gorge, crosses the Mattalp 
 (to the right the Steigli-Egg, in front the Esel), turns E. to the Eos- 
 eyg, and is next carried up the precipitous rocky slope of the Esel 
 through four tunnels (48, 60, 50, and 12 yds. long). The terminus 
 Pilatuskulm (6785') adjoins the former Hotel Bellevue, now a 
 dependance of the large * Hotel Pilatuskulm (R., L., & A. 6-8, B. 2, 
 lunch 4, D. 5 fr. ; restaurant in the ground-floor cheaper). The ter-
 
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 LAKE OF ZUG. //. Route -28. 95 
 
 race commands a fine mountain view. — An easy path leads from 
 the station to (6 min.) the summit of the *Esel, or Etzel (6965'), 
 the chief point of view, with a spacious summit-plateau, surrounded 
 by a parapet. The view surpasses that from the Rijri in grandeur 
 and variety, the Bernese Alps in particular looming nearer and 
 more massive (comp. the Panorama). — A similar but less pictur- 
 esque view may be enjoyed from the *Tomlishorn( 6998'), the high- 
 est peak of Pilatus, to which a good path, skirting the slopes of the 
 Oberhaupt and Tomlishorn and crossing the Tomlishorngrat (rail- 
 ings; no danger even for novices), leads from the Hotel Pilatuskulm 
 in 1/2 l^r. (Panorama by Imfeld). — Another new path, cut in the 
 rocks, leads to the top of the Matthorn (6693' 4 from the Hotel 
 Pilatuskulm 2 hrs. there and back). 
 
 Pedestrians will find the ascent of PUatas best made from Hergitwyl 
 (p. 93), at the N.W. foot of the mountain. There is a bridle-path as far 
 as the (3'/2hr3.) Hotel Kimsenhorn (horse 12 fr., descent, on the same day, 
 8, next day 12fr.), whence a footpath ascenfis to (40 min.) the Pilatuskulm. 
 In front of the church we take the broader path to the left, and after 
 3 min, turn to the right, traversing orchards and meadows, and after- 
 wards wood. At (1 hr.) the *Kurhaus Brunni (pens. 6fr.), a health-resort, 
 there is a terrace aftordini: a fine view. After ^/-jhr. the path leads through 
 a gate to the Gsc/twdndalp ; 20 min. farther up, near a chalet (refreahm.), 
 we pass through another gate and ascend in steep zigzags to the left, at 
 first through beautitul pine-wood, and then across slopes of grass and 
 debris, to (IY4 hr.) the Hotel Klimsenhorn. situated on the saddle (5940', 
 35* higher than the Rigi-Kulm) connecting the Oberhaupt with the (lOmin.) 
 'Klimsenhorn (6265'), vvhich affords an extensive and pictures<iue prospect 
 to the E., N., and W., from the Uri Mts. to the Lake of Xeuchatel. The 
 view to the S. is hidden l)y the loftier peaks of Pilatus. 
 
 From the Hotel Klimsenhorn a well - constructed zigzag path (iron 
 railing higher up) ascends the steep slope of the Oberhaupt, to the (40min.) 
 Eriesiloch, an aperture in tlie rock resembling a chimney, 20' high, through 
 which 52 easy steps ascend to the arete between the Oberhaupt and the 
 Esel. The 'View of the Bernese Alps is suddenly disclosed here. The 
 path then leads in 4 min. ti the Hi'itel Pilatu.^kulm (p. 94). 
 
 The Pilatuskulm may also be reached by bridle-paths from Alpnach- 
 Stad (4V2-5 hrs.; via the Aemsigenalp and Mattalp) and from Alpnach 
 (p. 122; 4'/2-5 hrs.; via the Alps of Liitholdsmatt, Schwdndi . and Hinti-r- 
 Frakmiind). — From Kriens (p. 77) a path leads to (3V-i-4 hrs.) the Hotel 
 Klimsenhorn, passing the chateau of Scfiatiensec, and traversing the Hoch- 
 wald and marshy pastures via. the M uhlenmdss - Alp and Frakmiind-Alp 
 (guide indispensable). Ma the Briindlciialp (last part of the route very 
 ough), see p. 78. 
 
 28. From Zug and Lucerne to Arth. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 78, 86. 
 
 i. From Zug to Arth. Lake of Zug. 
 
 Steamboat (in connection with the Ziirich and Lucerne and the Eigi 
 railways) in 50 min. (Quick train from Zug by Rothkreuz to Arth-Goldau 
 in 48 min., ordinarv in 1 hr. 40 min.) 
 
 The Lake of Zug (1368'), 88/4 M. long, 2V2 M. ^vide, and 650' 
 deep, is very picturesque. Its richly wooded banks rise gently to 
 a moderate height, while to the S., above its azure waters, towers 
 the Rigi, visible from base to summit. On the flat N. bank of the 
 lake many remains of lake-dwellings have been discovered.
 
 96 //. Route t>8. KUSSNACHT. 
 
 Zuy, see p. 71. Soon after the steamer has left the pier, Pilatus 
 appears to the S.W., and then the Bernese Alps and the Stanser- 
 horn to the left. On a promontory on the W. bank is the handsome 
 new chateau of Buonas ; on the E. bank lie the vUlage of Oberwyl 
 and the houses of Otterswyl and Eielenegg. Looking back, we ob- 
 serve the church-tower of Cham (p. 72), rising above the plain. 
 On the W. bank, farther on, the wooded promontory of Kiemen pro- 
 jects far into the lake. To the left of the Uigi-Scheidegg are the 
 Frohnalpstock and the Ross-Stocke. The steamer touches at Lothen- 
 hach on the E. bank, and then crosses to Immensee (Hot. Rigi), 
 charmingly situated at the foot of the Rigi. (Rail, stat., see p. 101 ; 
 omnibus to Kiissnacht in ^fo hr.) The steamer then steers diagon- 
 ally across the lake to Walchwyl (*Pens. Hurlimann^ with hydro- 
 pathic, well situated, pens. 41/2-6^ 2 fr.; *Stern), on the E. bank. 
 The mildness of the climate is indicated by chestnut-trees and vines. 
 To the left lies St. Adrian, at the foot of the Rossberg (see p. 100), 
 which on this side is clothed with wood and pasture. As Arth is 
 approached, one of the Mythen of Schwyz (p. 101) peeps from be- 
 hind the Rossberg. 
 
 Arth (1345'; ^Adler, with garden on the lake ; ^Hot. Rigi ; Schliis- 
 sel) lies at the S. end of the lake, between the Rigi and the Ross- 
 berg , but not exposed to the landslips of the latter, the strata of 
 which dip in another direction. 
 
 Arih-Rigi Railway^ see p. 87. — From Arth to Kiissnacht and Lucerne, 
 see below. 
 
 ii. From Lucerne to Kiissnacht and Arth. 
 
 Steamboat from Lucerne to (8M.) Kiissnaclit in 45-55 min. ; Post-Omnibus 
 from Kiissnacht to (2 M.) stat. Immensee thrice daily in 25 min.: Railway 
 from Immensee to (5 M.) Arth-Goldaxi in 19 minutes. (From Lucerne by 
 Eothkreuz to Arth-Goldau 55-75 min. \ see pp. 72, 100.) 
 
 Departure from Lucerne, see p. 78. The steamer touches at 
 Pens. Seeburg (p. 74), rounds the promontory of Meggenhorn (p. 78), 
 and enters the Bay of Kiissnacht. To the left, near stat. Vorder- 
 Meggen, rises the picturesq^ue chateau of Neu-Habsburg, behind 
 which peeps the ancient tower of the castle of that name, once a 
 frequent resort of the Emp. Rudolph when Count of Hapsburg, 
 and destroyed by the Lucerners in 1352. The incident which in- 
 duced Rudolph to present his horse to the priest is said to have 
 occurred here (see Schiller's ballad, 'The Count of Hapsburg'). 
 
 Stat. Hinter-Meggen [*KuThaus ^' Pens. Gottlieben, suitable for 
 some stay, prettily situated Y4 M. from the lake, b^jorl^liix.'). The 
 steamer now crosses to Greppen, skirts the beautiful wooded slopes 
 of the Rigi, and soon reaches — 
 
 8 M. Kiissnacht (1395'; pop. 2940; *H6t.-Pens. Mon-Sejour, 
 with hydropathic estab., garden, and sea-baths, R. 2-3, D. 3, pens. 
 5-6 fr.; ^Schwarzer Adler; Rossli; Tell), a village prettily situated 
 at the N. end of this bay of the lake. Omnibus to Immensee from the 
 laTiding place; one-horse carr. 3 fr. — Ascent of thei?i^i, seep.88.
 
 BIBERBRUCKE. II. Route 29. 97 
 
 Post-omnibus to Immensee from the steamboat-pier; one-horse carr. 3fr. 
 — The "St. Michaelskreuz (2615'), locally known as the 'Kleine Rigi', 
 Vji hr. to the N.W. of Kiissnacht (easily reached via Altikoii)^ commands 
 a beautiful view of the lakes of Zug and Lucerne, the Alps and the hilly 
 landscapes of N. Switzerland. Unpretending *Inn and chapel on the top. 
 A more extensive view is enjoyed from the Ochtenwaldho/ie (26S5'J, 5 min. 
 from the inn. The St. Michaelskreuz may also be ascended by good roads 
 from Kothkreuz (via Meierskappel in lV2hr.), from Gisikon (in 1 hr.) and 
 from Lucerne (via Adligenschwyl and Udligenschwyl in 3 hrs.). 
 
 The road ascends througli the 'Hohle Gasse' or 'hollow lane' ; 
 see Schiller's Tell), now half flUed up, but still deserving the name 
 at one point where it is shaded by lofty beeches. At the upper end 
 of it, 11/4 M. from Kiissnacht, to the left, is Tail's Chapel (1585 '}e 
 rebuilt in 1834, marking the spot where the tyrant Gessler is said 
 to have been shot by Tell. Over the door is a painting of the event, 
 with an inscription. By the (1/2^-) inn* ZurEiche, the road divides. 
 A few paces to the right is stat. Immensee- Kiissnacht {^. 100). The 
 road to the left descends to ( ^^M.) the village oi Immensee (p. 96). 
 
 29. From Zurich via Wadensweil to Goldau. From 
 Biberbriicke to Einsiedeln. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 38^ 78. 
 
 36 M. Railway in 3-3V2hrs. This is the shortest route from the Lake 
 of Zurich to the Eigi and the St. Gotthard Railway, as well as to Ein- 
 siedeln (branch-line from Biberbriicke, 3 M., in 13 min.). 
 
 Wadensweil (1348'), see p. 41. The line ascends the fertile 
 slopes on the 8. bank of the Lake of Ziirich, commanding beautiful 
 views of the lake, with the Curflrsten and Sentis in the background. 
 2M. Burghalden (1T41'); 32/4 M. Samstagem (2080'; Rail. Restau- 
 rant), junction of the line ( to the left) to Rapperswil-Pfafflkon via 
 WoUerauQ^.il). Beyond (5 1/0 M.) SchindeUegi (2483'; '^Freihof; 
 Hirsch) we cross the brawling Sihl. 
 
 Diligence twice daily in V2 hr. to Feusisberg (2233' :,- Hotel), a health 
 resort, pleasantly situated, with fine view of the lake of Zurich and the 
 Alps of Appenzell. — l«/2 M. to the S.W. of SchindeUegi (diligence twice 
 daily in V2 hr.) is the whey-cure resort uf Hiitten (2428'; Bar; Kreuz). 
 charmingly situated on the idyllic Hiiitensee, at the foot of the wooded 
 Hohe Rhonen (see below). — The Dreildndtr stein (4L27'), the highest point 
 of the Hohe Rhonen, marking the boundaries of cantons Ziirich, Zug and 
 Schwyz, may be reached from SchindeUegi in 1 hr., and the walk may 
 be continued along the crest of the hill to i\\6 Qottschalkenberg (stQh&low). 
 
 The line rounds the E. slopes of the Hohe Rhonen (see above), 
 and approaches the Alp, which falls into the Sihl here. Towards the 
 S. appear the Mythen (p. 101). Beyond (Ti/.^M.) Biberbriicke (2780' ; 
 Post), where the Biber falls into the Alp, the Glarus Mts., bounded 
 on the left by the pyramidal Kopfenstock (6240'), form the back- 
 ground. 
 
 Pleasant excursion from Biberbriicke (by road I'^hr.-, damp footpath, 
 to the right about halfway, IV4 hr.) to the top of the =^Gottschalkenberg 
 (3780'; -Hotel, pens. 6-7 fr.), the W. prolongation of the Hohe Hhonen (see 
 above), commanding a fine view of the Alps (finest from the Belvedere, 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 7
 
 98 IJ. Route 29. EINSIEDELN. From Zurich 
 
 20 min. to the S.) The descent may be made to (2V2 M.) Oher-Ageri 
 (p. 72), to (11/2 hr.) Richterstceil (p. 41), or by Menzingen to (6M.) Zug (p. 71). 
 
 From Biberbeuckb to Einsibdeln, 3 M., branch-railway in 
 13 mill. The train follows the narrow Alpthal (several cuttings and 
 embankments, and a short tunnel). 
 
 From Pfaffikon (p. 41) by the Etzel to Einsiedeln, 3V2 brs. A 
 narrow road commanding fine views of the lake ascends in windings, 
 past the Pens. Lugefen, to the (3 M.) pass of the Etzel (3145'; Tnn). with 
 the Chapel of St. Meinrad. The Eohe-Eizel (3610'; steep ascent of 1/2 br. 
 from the inn) is wooded, and commands no view, but the *Sch6nboden 
 (3513'), 3/4 br. to the E., aflfords a splendid view of the lake, the Limmat- 
 thal as far as Baden, the Alps of Appenzell and Glarus, the Sihlthal and 
 Alpthal, with Einsiedeln, the Mythen of Schwyz, the Rossberg, and the 
 Rigi ; to the W. rises the Hohe Rhonen (p. 97). Travellers bound for 
 Einsiedeln may from the Schonboden descend towards the S.W. direct to 
 Egg^ visible below, cross the Sihl, and join the road from the Etzel._ — 
 From the Etzel Inn the road descends to the (3/4 M.) Teu/elsbriicke (2755') 
 over the Sihl. Then 33/4 M. to Einsiedeln. 
 
 Einsiedeln (2770'; pop. 8512; '^Pfau, R. & A. 21/2, B. from 1, 
 D. 3, S. 21 '2 fr. ; '^Sonne:, DreiKonige; *Adler; Schwari), or Notre- 
 Dame-des-Ermites ( Monasterium Eremitarum), in a green valley, 
 watered by the Alpbach, vies with Rome and Loreto in Italy, St. 
 Jago de Compostella in Spain, and Mariazell in Styria as one of 
 the most famous pilgrim-resorts in the world. 
 
 Its foundation is attributed to Count Meinrad of Sulgen, who built a 
 chapel here in honour of a wonder-working image of the Virgin presented 
 to him by the Abbess Hildegard of Zurich. After the death af Meinrad, 
 who was assassinated in 861, a monastery of Benedictine Hermits ('Ein- 
 siedler"") sprang up here. In 1294 it was created an independent princip- 
 ality by Emp. Rudolph of Hapsburg, and owing to the constantly increas- 
 ing throng of pilgrims vrhich it attracted soon vied with St. Galleu as one 
 of the richest monasteries in Switzerland. 
 
 In the large open space between the houses (a great many of 
 which are inns for the entertainment of the pilgrims) and the con- 
 spicuous buildings of the monastery rises a black marble Fountain 
 with fourteen jets, surmounted by an image of the Virgin , from 
 which the pilgrims are wont to drink. Under the Arcades , which 
 form a semicircular approach to the church on the right and left, 
 as well as in the Platz itself, there are numerous stalls for the sale of 
 prayer-books, images of saints, rosaries, medals, crucifixes, and 
 other 'devotional' objects. So great is the demand for engravings, 
 religious works, and other souvenirs of the place, that at Benziger 
 ^' Co.'s establishment no fewer than 700 workmen are employed in 
 printing and stereotyping, engraving on wood and zinc, chromo- 
 lithographing, book -binding, etc. The pilgrims, who come chiefly 
 from Switzerland, Bavaria, Swabia, Baden, and Alsace, number about 
 150,000 annually. The greatest festival takes place on 14th Sept. 
 
 The extensive Abbey Buildings, in the Italian style, which were 
 re-erected for the sixth or seventh time in 1704-19, are 148 yds, 
 long , 41 yds, of which are occupied by the Church and its two 
 slender towers. On the right and left of the entrance are Statues of 
 the Emperor.-^ Othn I, and Henry II., two benefactors of the Abbey.
 
 to Goldau. ROTHENTHURM. //. Route 29. 99 
 
 The Inteeiok of the church is gaudily decorated with gilding, marble, 
 and pictures of little value. In the nave stands the Chapel op the Virgin, 
 (tf black marble, the 'Sanctum Sanctorum', with a grating, through which, 
 illuminated by a solitary lamp, a small Image of the Virgin and Child is 
 visible, richly attired, and decked with crowns of gold and precious stones. 
 In the chapel to the right a Crucifix by J. Kraus ; in the choir an As- 
 sumption by the same artist, skilfully restored by Deschwanden in 1858. 
 — The Abbey contains a well-arranged Librart of 26,000 volumes, chiefly 
 historical, a number of MSS., and a small natural history collection. The 
 FuRSTENSAAL is hung with good life-size portraits, including those of 
 Pius IX. and the emperors William I., Francis Joseph, and Napoleon III. 
 The Private Chapel of the abbot is adorned with paintings of ecclesiast- 
 ical events. — Connected with the Abbey are a Seminary and a Lyceum. 
 
 The Herrenberg (3650'; V2l^r.,) a Mil above the Abbey to the 
 S.E., commands a beautiful view of the neighbourhood. 
 
 From Einsiedeln to Schwyz over the Hacken (3^/2 hrs.), destitute 
 of shade, and very disagreeable in bad weather. We ascend the monoton- 
 ous >4ip<7ia/ (with the nunnery of Au on the right) to the (IV2 hr.) village 
 of Alpthal (3258'; 'Stern), where the somewhat rough and steep log-path 
 ascending the Ilacken begins. In 1/2 hr. we reach a point where the 
 space between the two Mythen (p. 101), shaped like the letter V, is 
 distinctly observed, and in V2 hr. more the Inn on the Hacken Pass 
 (4588'), which commands a splendid view of the lakes of Lucerne and 
 Lowerz, etc. (The view is still finer from the Hochxtuckli, 5105', V2 ^^'^ 
 higher up, to the N., and embraces the N. part of the lake and the town 
 (if Ziirich.) Descent to (1 hr.) Schwyz steep and stony. 
 
 From Einsiedeln to Schwyz over the IbergerEgg, 13 M. Good 
 road through the Sihlthal or Euthal by Steinbach and Euthal to (8 M.) 
 Iherg (3483')-, thence to the Iberger Egg (4823') or HeiligMuschen, alTord- 
 ing a fine survey of the Lake of Lucerne and the Alps, and by Biilisberg 
 and Rickenbach to (5 M.) Schwyz. 
 
 Beyond Biberbriicke (p. 97) the railway crosses the Biber , and 
 ascends across a monotonous plateau. From (25^/2 M.) Altmatt 
 (3035' ; Rossli), a poor hamlet on a large moor, a carriage-road leads 
 in 13/4 hr. to the Gottschalkenberg (p. 97). 
 
 28 M. Rothenthurm (3050'; *Ochs; Schwert), with a new Ro- 
 manesque church, where to the left the Mythen, to the right the 
 long back of the Rigi and the hotels on the Kulm "become visible, 
 is named after a red tower belonging to fortifications (Letze) once 
 erected by the Schwyzers to protect their N.W. boundary. In the 
 vicinity, on the E. slope of the Morgarten (p. 72), on 2nd May, 
 1798, the Schwyzers under Reding defeated the French, who lost 
 2000 men. The railway then descends in the wooded valley of the 
 Steinen-Aa (two short tunnels) to (31 M.) Sattel-Aegeri ; to the left 
 is the pleasantly situated village of Sattel (2345'; *Neue Krone, near 
 the station; Alte Krone, in the village). 
 
 The *Schlagstrasse, as the picturesque road from Saftel to Schwyz is 
 called (6 M. ; a fine walk), crosses the Steinen-Aa and ascends on the 
 W. slope of the Hacken (see above), affording beautiful views of the fertile 
 valley of Steinen. the Lake of Lowerz with the Schwanau, the scene of 
 the Goldau landslip, and the Rigi. At (3'/4 M.) the 'Hirtch Inn (a little 
 father on ia& Burg Inn), Schwyz and the Mythen become visible. Thence 
 to Stat. Seeicen l'/4 M., to Schwyz (p. 101) 2 M. 
 
 From Sattel-Ageri to Morgarten^ 2 M., omnibus in V2 lir. (50 c.) ; 
 steamboat on the Ageri Lake, see p. 72. 
 
 The railway descends the slopes of the Rossberg^ by several
 
 100 II. Route 30. GOTTHARD RAILWAY. 
 
 viaducts and a short tunnel to (34 M.) Steinerberg [1950' ; *Rossli\ 
 a mountain-village with a fine view of the valley of Lowerz, framed 
 by the slopes of the Rigi, the Frohnalpstock (with the Uri-Rothstock 
 in the distance), and the two Mythen. 
 
 The *Ilossberg (liigliest peak, the Wildspitz, 5190') may be ascended 
 from Steinerberg by a new bridle-path in 21/2 hrs. At the top, which com- 
 mands a fine view" (Panorama by Imfeld), is the Hotel Eossberg-Kulm. — 
 The descent may be made to Ageri (p. 72). 
 
 The railway traverses the scene of the Goldau Landslip^ and 
 joins the St. Gotthard Railway (see below) at (36 M. ) Arth-Goldau 
 (Hot. Hof Goldau, etc.). — Rigi Railway, see p. 87. 
 
 30. From Lucerne to Bellinzona. St. Gotthard 
 Railway. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 78, 86, 120, 104, 110, 374. 
 
 LOO M. Railway. Express in 41/2-5V3, ordinary trains in TVz hrs. ; fares 
 24 fr. 60, 17 fr. 20. 12 fr. 30 c. (To Lugano 127V2 M., express in 6V4 hrs.; 
 29 fr. 30, 20 fr. 50', 14 fr. 66 c. ; to Milan 176 M., in 93/4 hrs. 5 36 fr. 65, 
 18 fr. 5 c.) Rothkveuz (p. 72), a station between Zug and Lucerne, the 
 starting-point of the St. Gotthard line, is reached by express from Zurich 
 in about I1/2 hr. ; from Bale by Lucerne in 3 hrs., or by Aarau or by 
 Brugg and Muri in 372-4^/4 hrs. — For the day express there is a table 
 dhote at Goschenen, where the traveller should be careful to avoid an 
 involuntary change of carriages , or even of trains. Finest views from. 
 Lucerne to Fliielen to the right, from Fliielen to Goschenen to the left, and 
 from Airolo to Bellinzona to the right. 
 
 The **St. Gotthard Railway, constructed in 1872-82 at a cost of 
 238 million francs ; is one of the grandest achievements of modern 
 engineering. The highest point of the line, in the middle of the great 
 tunnel , is 3787' above the sea-level, and the maximum gradient is about 
 1' in 4'. At places the ascent is rendered more gradual by means of curved 
 tunnels, piercing the sides of the valley; there are three such tunnels 
 on the X. side, and four on the S. side of the mountain (comp. Map, p. 104). 
 Altogether the line has 56 tunnels (of an aggregate length of 2oV2 M.), 
 32 bridges, 10 viaducts, and 24 minor bridges. In order to examine the 
 most interesting structure of the line itself, the traveller may drive in 
 an open carriage or walk from Amsteg to Goschenen (12 M.) and from 
 Airolo to Giornico (15 M.). Those who are not pressed for time should 
 take the steamboat from Lucerne to Fliielen, in preference to the train 
 (holders of through tickets and circular tickets have the choice of either 
 route); or, if they have not yet visited the Eigi, they may take the rail- 
 way to Rothkreuz, Arth-Goldau, the Eigi-Kulm, and Vitznau, and the 
 steamer thence to Fliielen. 
 
 From Lucerne to (11 M.) Rothkreuz (1410'), see p. 72, Our 
 line diverges to the right, traversing a hilly and wooded tract. To 
 the right the Rigi, the Uri and Engelberg Alps, and PUatus. Be- 
 fore reaching Immensee (p. 96), which lies below us, on the left, 
 we obtain a survey of the E. part of the Lake of Zug (p. 95). On 
 the N. bank lies Walchwyl; then St. Adrian (p. 96). 
 
 16 M; Immensee-Kussnacht (1585'; omnibus to Kiissnacht in 
 25 min., see p. 96). To the right are the wooded slopes of the Rigi, 
 with the Kulm Hotel far above us (p. 89). The train runs high above 
 the Lake of Zug. passing through several cuttings. At the E. end
 
 GOLDAU. II. Route 30. 101 
 
 of the lake, on the left, lies the thriving village of Arth (p. 96), 
 at the foot of the wooded Rossberg, behind which rise the M> then 
 (see below). Threading the RindeLfluh Tunnel (220 yds.) and several 
 rock-cuttings, we reach — 
 
 21 M. Arth-Goldau (1845'; *Hotel Hof Goldau, Restaurant 
 Bellevue, at the station; *Rdssli, moderate), also a station on the 
 Arth-Rlgi Railway (p. 87) , and the junction for Einsiedeln and 
 Wddensxveil (p. 100). The station is situated on the scene of the 
 great Goldau Landslip, which occurred on Sept. 2nd, 1806. This 
 landslip, which descended from the Gnippen (5127'), the W. 
 summit of the Rossberg (p. 100), buried four villages with 457 of 
 their inhabitants. The railway traverses part of this scene of de- 
 solation, which extends a considerable way up the Rigi. Time has 
 covered the fragments of rock with moss and other vegetation, and 
 pools of stagnant water have been formed between them at places. 
 The track of the landslip may be distinctly traced on the side of the 
 Rossberg, which is still entirely barren. 
 
 On the slope to the left lie the houses of Steinerberg (p. 100) ; 
 on the right, high above, is the Kurhaus Rigi-Scheidegg (p. 92). 
 The train skirts the pretty Lowerzer See (1475'; 3 M. long). To 
 the right lies the village of Lowerz , and in the middle of the lake 
 the island of Schwanau with its ruined castle, a chapel, and a 
 fisherman's house (Inn; boat from Lowerz or Seewen in 25min.). — 
 241/2 M- Steinen (1540' ; "^'Rossli), a considerable village in a fertile 
 situation, the traditional birthplace of Werner Stauffacher (p. 83). 
 On the supposed site of his house stands the Chapel of the Holy Rood 
 with new frescoes by Ferd. "Wagner of Munich. The train crosses 
 the Steinen-Aa to — 
 
 26 M. Schwyz-Seewen (1500'; *H6t.-Pens. Schwyzerhof ; Rail- 
 way Inn, both at the station). The village of iSe€u*e7i(*Rbssli, *Stern), 
 to the W. of the line, at the foot of the E. spur of the Rigi, has a 
 chalybeate bath which attracts visitors. About 1 M. to the E. lies 
 Schwyz (1685'; pop. QQQS',*Rdssli, R.,L., &A.%diT.;*n6telIIedi- 
 ger, same charges; *Cafe Central, near the church, with garden), a 
 straggling town, lying picturesquely at the base and on the slopes 
 of the Little My then (5955') with its two peaks, and the Great Mythen 
 (6245'). The Parish Church (1774) is considered one of the hand- 
 somest in Switzerland. The Town Hall, restored in 1891 and em- 
 bellished on the exterior with frescoes from Swiss history by Ferd. 
 Wagner of Munich, contains portraits of 43 'landammanns' (mag- 
 istrates) from 1534 downwards, and an old carved ceiling. The large 
 Jesuit Monastery, above the town, is now a grammar-school. 
 
 The ■ Great Mythen (6245'; 3i/-2 hrs. ; guide 6 fr. , unnecessary for the 
 experienced; lioise to the Holzegg 8-10 fr.), ascended without difficulty by 
 a new path, is a mngnilicent point of viev^, hardly inferior to the Rigi and 
 Hilatus. Road from Schwyz to (1 M.) Jfi(cA-eH6at7i\Bellevue ; Stern, pens. 
 4fr.); bridle-path thence to the (2 hrs.) Holzegg (4G42' ; small Inn), which 
 may also be reached by a direct path from Schwyz via the nolle and the
 
 102 I J. Route 30. SCHWYZ. From Lucerne 
 
 pastures of Ilasli and Holz (guide desirable). — From Brunnen by Ibach 
 and (3 M.) Rickenbach to the Holzegg in 3 brs. , Scbwyz remaining on the 
 left. — Good path from Einsiedeln by Alpthal to the Holzegg in 23/4 hrs. 
 — From the Holzegg the new Mythen path (railings at the steepest partsj 
 ascends in 49 zigzags on the E. side of the mountain, and then follows the 
 narrow arete to the (I'A hr.) summit (*lnn, plain, 10 beds). Good panorama 
 by A. Heim. — The ascent of the Little Mythen (5955') is difficult; view 
 inferior to that from the Great Mythen. 
 
 An interesting walk may be taken from Schwyz to the JSuvoroff 
 Bridge in the Muotathal , returning via Ober-Schonenhuch (2 hrs. in all) ; 
 comp. p. 65. 
 
 We now turn to the S. (on the left the Frohnalp stock with the 
 Kurhaus Stoos far above us, p. 83), cross the Muota ne&r Ingenbohl, 
 passing the large nunnery of Mariahilf, and reach — 
 
 28^2 M. Brunnen (1445'; p. 82), the most frequented spot on 
 the Lake of Lucerne. (Station 1/2 ^'^' from the lake.) 
 
 Passing through a tunnel under the Giitsch and the Axen- 
 strasse (p. 83), the train now reaches the *Lake of TJri, or S.E. 
 bay of the Lake of Lucerne (p. 83), and is carried along its bank 
 by a series of tunnels and rock-cuttings. Splendid views of the 
 lake to the right. High above it, on the opposite bank, lie the 
 houses of Seelisberg, at the foot of which are the Mythenstein and 
 Rutli (p. 83); and farther to the left towers the TJri-Rothstock with 
 its glacier (p. 85). We pass through the Hochfluh Tunnel, the 
 St. Franciscus Tunnel, and the Oelherg or Schiefernegg Tunnel 
 (2169 yds.), the longest but one on the line. 321/2 M. Sisikon, at 
 the mouth of the narrow Riemenstaldenthal (p. 84). Crossing the 
 Axenstrasse, we traverse the Stutzeck Tunnel (1082 yds.) and others, 
 passing Telfs Platte (chapel not visible ; p. 84) , the Axenberg 
 (3670' long), and the Sulzeck, to — 
 
 36 M. Fliielen (1435'; Rail. Restaurant); see p. 84. 
 
 We now ascend the broad lower Reussthal, with the Bristen- 
 sfocfc(p. 104) in the background, and the two Windgdllen (p. 115) 
 to the left of it. 
 
 38 M. Altdorf, or Altorf (1465'; pop. 2553; *Schlussel, R. 2, 
 B. 1, pens. 5-6 fr.; *Z/OXi?e, moderate ; Krone; *Tell, with garden; 
 Hotel de la Gare, at the station, R. 1-2 fr.), the capital of Canton 
 Tri, 1 M. from the station, lies in a fertile valley surrounded by 
 mountains. This pleasant little town is the traditional scene of 
 the exploits of William Tell, the liberator of Switzerland from the 
 Austrian yoke. A statue of the intrepid archer, with the child by 
 his side, from Kissling's model, Is to be erected to the N.W. of 
 the tower (dating from the 13th cent.) in the principal 'Platz' of 
 the village. Opposite is a fountain with the statue of a village 
 magistrate. The Church contains a Madonna in relief, by Imhof. 
 The Capuchin Monastery, above the church, and the neighbouring 
 Favillon Waldeck command beautiful views. (Ascent near the 
 tower, or from below Tell's statue.) Above the monastery lies the 
 Bannwald, a 'sacred grove', in which the woodman's axe is pro-
 
 to Bellinzona. ERSTFELD. II. Route 30. 103 
 
 scribed, as it protects Altdorf from falling rocks (see Schiller's Tell, 
 Act iii, Scene 3). 
 
 To the right, beyond the town, is a Nunnery^ to the left the Arsenal ; 
 then, about 1 M. to the left, the village of Biirglen (1805'; Tell, pens. 
 4Vy-5 fr.), prettilj' situated on a height at the entrance to the ScMchen- 
 thal (p. 64), the traditional birthplace of Tell. The supposed site of his 
 house is marked by a Chapel, erected in 1522, and adorned with paint- 
 ings of his exploits. 
 
 Throuiih the Schdchenthal and over the Klausen to (28 M.) Btachelherg, 
 see R. 20. A glimpse at the Schichenthal is best obtained by ascending from 
 Weitevschwanden or Spiringen (p. 64) in about P/2 hr. to one of the farm- 
 houses in the Kessel (4505'), which afford a most picturesque survey of the 
 grand head of the valley (Scheerhorn, Griesgletscher, Kammlistock, and 
 Claridenstock) , with beautiful fresh pastures and dark pine-forest in the 
 foreground. — The Ross-Stock (8080' -, 5 hrs. ; guide 12 fr.), a splendid point 
 of view, is ascended without difficulty by experts from Biirglen, via the 
 Mettenthal-Alp. Descent, if preferred', through the Riemenstaldenthal to 
 Stsik07i (p. 84). — Belmistock or Belmeten (1^'^B')-, from Altdorf in 51/2 hrs. 
 (guide 8 fr.), also easy and interesting. 
 
 The train now crosses the wild Schachenbach in its artificial bed, 
 near its confluence with the Reuss. From among fruit-trees to the 
 left peeps the church of Schattorf. To the right, beyond the Reuss, 
 ■we observe the church -tower and the ruined castle of Atting- 
 hausen, in which the Baron Werner of Attinghausen, one of the 
 characters in Schiller's Tell, is said to have died in 1307 (*Inn at 
 the foot of the castle-hill). The background of the valley towards 
 the S. is formed by the pyramidal £mfen5foc/c (p. 104); to the right 
 rise the bold precipices of the Gitschen (8335') and the Bockli 
 (6810'); to the left t]ie Schwarzgrat iJdQdG''), Belmistock (7^33'), 
 Hohe Faulen (8260'), and lastly the two Windgdllen (Grosse, or 
 Kalkstock, 10,463'; Kleine, or Sewelistock, 9800'). 
 
 411/2 M. Erstfeld (1503'; HofErstfeld, Hot. Bahnhof, hoth at 
 the station, unpretending), a large railway-depot, where the ascent 
 begins and a heavier locomotive is attached to the train. The village 
 lies on the opposite bank of the Reuss, at the mouth of the Erst- 
 felder Thai., above which peep the jagged Spannorter, the Engel- 
 berg-Kothstock, and the strangely contorted Schlossberg Glacier. 
 
 The Erstfelder Thai (comp. Map, p. 120) extends to the S.W. to the 
 Glattenjim. At the head of the valley are two Alpine lakes, the gloomy 
 Fulensee, V2 hr. from the glacier, and "the Obersee (6463'), ^i-z hr. farther fo 
 the S. On the latter, SV'i hrs. from Erstfeld, is the Kruntehiiiie of the 
 Swiss Alpine Club, whence the Kvorite or AVo/iie^ (10,197') may be ascended 
 by the Weissen Platten and the Gkiitenfrn in 4'/2 hrs. (guide from Erst- 
 feld 20 fr.\ and the Great Spannori (10,516') in 5 hrs. (guide 25 fr.). The 
 Fulenbach, which flows out of the Obersee, forms a beautiful fall. Fatiguing 
 passes (for adepts only, with good guides) lead hence over the ^ScAJosstery- 
 Liicke (8635'; guide 25 fr.) and over the Spamiori-Joch (9610'; guide 35 fr.) 
 to (6V2 hrs.) Engclberg (comp. p. 120). 
 
 From Erstfeld or Altdorf over the Sui-enen Pass to (8V2 bra.) Engelberg 
 (guide 20 fr.), see p. 120. 
 
 The Reussthal narrows, and the train begins to ascend on the 
 right bank. 45 M, Stat. Amsteg (1795'), above 5ifenen, a village in 
 the midst of fruit-trees. Near the station, on a rocky hill to the 
 right, are the ruins of Zwing-Vri the traditional castle of Gessler
 
 104 //. Route 30. AMSTEG. From Lucerne 
 
 (R. in the adjoining house). About 1 M. farther on lies the village 
 of Amsteg (1760'; *Stern, or Post: *Hirsch; ^Freihof; ^M'^eisses 
 Kreuz; ^Engel; in all, R. i'^j^-l^ pens. 4-6 fr.), prettily situated 
 at the mouth of the Maderaner Thai, from which the Kdrstelenbach 
 descends to the Reuss. 
 
 ^Madeeaneb Thal (bridJe-patli in 31/4 trs. to the Hotel Alpenclub), 
 see R. 32. — Over the Kreuzli Pass or the Briinni Pass to Disentis and over 
 the Clariden Pass to Stachelberg, see pp. 115, 116. 
 
 The Bristenstock (10,090'), ascended from Amsteg in 7-8 hrs. by the 
 BrUtenalp and the Blaclialp and past the small Bristen-Seeli (TOOCj, affords 
 a grand panorama, but is A'ery fatiguing (guide 25 fr.)- Descent to the 
 Etzlithal or FelUtJial difficult. — Oberalpstock (10,925'), Kleine and Grosse 
 Windgdlle (9800' and 10,463'), etc., see p. 115. — The Hohe Faulen (8260'), 
 ascended from Silenen in 5 hrs. (trulde 10 fr.) through the Evithal and over 
 the iSiren'jmatt, Rhonen. and Balmeten Alps, is attractive and not difficult. 
 
 The St. G-otthard Koad from Amsteg to Goschenen (comp. Map, p. 1?" 
 should be traversed on foot (or in an open carriage), both for the sake 01 
 the scenery and for the opportunity it afi'ords of examining the interesting 
 railway. It crosses the Karstelenbach and then the Eeuss by a bridge of two 
 arches. To the left runs the railway, below us the Reuss dashes through its 
 deep ravine, forming a succession of waterfalls. In the early summer huge 
 masses of avalanche-snow, looking like earth or detritus, are seen in the 
 gorges. Beyond (i^/t 31.) Inschi (2168'; Lamm) we pass a fall of the Inschi- 
 Alpbach. A picturesquely situated bridge carries the road back to the 
 right bank of the Reuss (the railway remaining on the left bank), on which 
 lies (IV2 M.) Meitschlingen, with a chapel. About 1/2 M. farther on we cross the 
 Fellibach. (Through the narrow Felli-T/ial or Felleneii-Thal, which abounds 
 in crystals, the Oberalp-See mav be reached by the Felli-Lilcke in 6 hrs. ; 
 p. 367.) On the hill opposite stands the hamlet of Gnrtnellen (3048'). 
 Beyond the village of Wyler is (3 M.) a third bridge C2660'), called the 
 Pfaffensprung^ by which the road recrosses to the left bank. The first 
 of the curved tunnels of the railway begins here (p. 105). Far below, the 
 river dashes through a narrow gorge. View beautiful in both directions. 
 The road crosses the turbulent Meien-Reuss (p. 129) shortly before reach- 
 ing (I1/2 M.) Wasen (p. 105). To the right are the three railway-bridges. 
 A path to the right, 50 yds. beyond the bridge, cuts off the windings of 
 the road which ascends to the loftily situated church. 
 
 Near (8/4 M.) Wattingen (2998') is the fourth bridge over the Reuss, 
 above which, to the right, is a fall of the Rohrbach (p. 105). The (1 M.) fifth 
 bridge {Schdnibriick, 3212') crosses to the left bank of the Reuss. To the 
 left rises the Teufelsstein, a huge mass of rock. The next place (IV2 M.) 
 is Goschenen (3640'; p. 105). 
 
 Above the village of Amsteg the line pierces a projecting rock 
 by means of the WindgdlleTunnel (1828'; 189 yds. long), crosses the 
 Kdrstelenbach by an imposing iron bridge (147yds. long, 177' high), 
 affording a fine view of the deeply-cut Maderaner Thai, with the 
 Grosse Windgdlle, to the left, and of the Reussthal to the right, 
 and is then carried through the slope of the Bristenstock, which is 
 much exposed to avalanches, by means of the two Bristenlaui 
 Tunnels (436 yds. and 234 yds. long), and across the brawling 
 Reuss by an iron bridge 256' high. We now follow the left bank 
 of the picturesque Reussthal (views to the left), traverse the Inschi 
 Tunnel cross the Inschi-Alpbach and the Zraggenthal (viaduct about 
 100 yds. long), thread the Zgraggen, Breiten, and Meitschlingen 
 tunnels and a long cutting, and skirt the hillside by a viaduct to 
 (50 M.) Gnrtnellen (2427').
 
 to Bellinzona. GOSCHENEN. II. Route 30. 105 
 
 Above Gurtnellen we come to one of the most remarkable parts 
 of the line, which in order to facilitate the ascent to Goschenen (see 
 below) passes through three curved tunnels and describes a wide 
 double bend. It crosses the Gornerenbach and the Hdgrigenbach 
 (tine waterfall on the right), enters, near the Pfaffensprung-Briicke 
 the Pfaffensprung Loop Tunnel (1635 yds., 3 min.), in which it 
 mounts 115', goes through the short Miihle Tunnel, re-crosses the 
 Hagrigenbach (overlooking the Pfaffensprung bridge on the left), 
 and then traverses the Muhren Tunnel (2822'; 93 yds. long). Then 
 follow a handsome bridge over the deep ravine of the Meien- 
 reuss (p. 129), the Kirchberg Tunnel under the 'church-hill' of 
 Wasen (330 yds.), a bridge across the Reuss to the left, theWattin- 
 ger Loop Tunnel (1199 yds.; ascent of 76'), another bridge over 
 the Reuss, and the Rohrbach Tunnel (242 yds.). 55 M. Wasen 
 or Wassen (3055'), a considerable village (*H6t. de$ Alpes; *Ochs ; 
 Krone ; Walker s Restaur.) with a loftily situated church command- 
 ing an admirable survey of the bold structure of the railway. — 
 Over the Susten to Meiringen, see R. 37. 
 
 The imposing Mittlere Meienreiiss Briicke (69 yds. long, 260' 
 high) and the Leggistein Loop Tunnel (1204 yds. ; ascent of 82') 
 carry us to the Upper Meienreuss Bridge (59 yds. long; 148' high), 
 beautifully situated, the third bridge over the deep, wild gorge of 
 the Meienreuss. We then pass through the short Meienkreuz Tunnel 
 (3250' ; 84 yds. long), skirt the hillside, and obtain a view of Wasen 
 and the windings just traversed. Opposite rises the Rienzer Stock 
 (9785'). Crossing the Kellerbach and the Rohrbach, the train passes 
 through the Naxberg Tunnel (1719 yds.; ascent of 118'), crosses the 
 deep gorge of the Goschenen-Reuss (bridge 69 yds. long, 161' high ; 
 view of the Goschenenthal to the right, with the beautiful Damma- 
 firn, p. 109), and reaches — 
 
 591/2 M. Croschenen, or Geschenen (3640'; *Rail. Restaurant, D. 
 31/2 fr. ; *H6t. Goschenen, opposite the station, R., L., & A. 3, D. 
 3-4", pens. 6-9 fr. ; *Rdssli, 1/4 M. from the station, R.& A. 2, B.II/4, 
 D. 3fr. ; Hot. St. Gotthard; Lowen, moderate; Krone^ In the little 
 cemetery is a tasteful monument (1889) to L. Favrc, the engineer 
 of the St. Gotthard Tunnel, by Andreoletti. — From Goschenen 
 to Airolo by the St. Gotthard Road, 22 M., see R. 31. 
 
 Immediately beyond the station the train crosses the Gotthard- 
 Reuss (p. 1 10) by a bridge 105' high, and enters the great *St. 
 Gotthard Tunnel, which is 16,309 yds. (91/4 M.) in length, being 
 2930 yds. (I2/3 M.) longer than the Mont Cenis Tunnel. The 
 central point is 3786' above the sea-level, from which it descends 
 on both sides, about 6' in 1000' towards Goschenen and 2' in 1000' 
 towards Airolo. The work was begun in June 1872, at Goschenen, 
 and a month later at Airolo, and the boring was completed on 
 29th Feb. 1880. During seven years and a half no fewer than 
 2500 workmen were on an average employed here daily, and the
 
 106 II. Route 30. AIROLO. From Lucerne 
 
 number sometimes rose to 3400. The cost was 063/4 million fr. 
 (2,270,000;.). The tunnel, 28' broad and 21' high, is lined with 
 masonry throughout, and is laid with a double line of rails. In the 
 interior there is always a strong current of air; temperature 70° Fahr. 
 The tunnel runs at a depth of 1083' below Andermatt, 6076' below 
 the Kastelhorn (which rises above the centre of the tunnel), and 
 3350' below the Sella Lake. Express trains take 16 min. to pass 
 through the tunnel, slow trains 25 min. ; lanterns are placed on 
 each side of the tunnel at intervals of 1000 metres (even numbers 
 on the right, uneven on the left). To the right above the exit from 
 the tunnel fortifications have recently been erected. 
 
 691/2 M. Airolo (3755'; pop. 1749; *Posta, R. , L. , & A. 
 3-31/2, D. 4, B. IV4 fr. ; '^Hot. Lombardi, *H6t. Airolo, R. & A. 
 2V2 fr., Hot. des Alpes, Hot. Rossi, all near the station; Rail. Re- 
 Haurant), in the upper valley of theTicino [ValleLeventina, p. 108), 
 the first Italian-Swiss village, rebuilt since a fire in 1877. The 
 scenery retains its Alpine character until near Faido. 
 
 ExcuESiONs (gnides, Clem. Dotta and Basil Jori of Airolo). From 
 Airolo to the picturesque Stalvedvo Gorge (p. 107), 20 min. ; to the Lom- 
 bard Toicer^ 35 min. — Pizzo Rotondo (10,490'), the highest peak of the 
 St» Gotthard, may be ascended from Airolo in 8-9 hrs. (difficult, for ex- 
 perts only; guide' 40 fr.). Drive or walk in the afternoon to (3 hrs.) 
 AlVAcqua in Val Bedretto (p. 304 •, Inn), where the night is spent; steep 
 ascent thence over grassy slopes, debris, and snow-fields to the (872 hrs.) 
 Passo Rotondo (9515')) whence the rocky summit is reached in 11/2-2 hrs. 
 by a difficult climb up a steep snowy couloir (foot-irons desirable) and 
 over loose stones. The *View is extremely grand and picturesque. 
 
 Passes (guide, Clem. Dotta of Airolo).' Through the Val Bedretto and 
 over the Nufenen Pass to the Fatois, see p. 304; over the S. Giacomo Pass 
 (7572') to the Falls of the Tosa, see p. 309. Through the Val Canaria and 
 over the Unteralp Pass (S303') to Andermatt (8 hrs.). fatiguing; the ascent 
 very steep. Over the Bocca di Cadlimo (8337') to S. Maria (i^. 368) in 8 hrs., 
 attractive. — By Passo Bornengo to Val Maigels^ see p. 367. Over the Sassello 
 Pass to Val Maggia see p. 434. — To Val Maggia over the Passo dei Sassi 
 (about 8200'), interesting, but fit for steady climbers only (to Fusio 8hrs.). 
 From Airolo past the hamlet of Nante and the (2 hrs.) Alp Piscium (5630') 
 to (3/4 hr.) Comascfine (6234') and along precipitous rocky slopes, where the 
 path entirely disappears, to the (2^ 4 hrs.) pass, between the Poncione di 
 Vespero and Poncione di Mezzodi., with fine retrospective view of the St. 
 Gotthard mountains. Descent across steep grassy slopes (plenty of Edel- 
 weiss) into the Val Maggia, to (2 hrs.) Corte and (3/4 hr.) Fusio (p. 434). 
 
 From Aibolo to Disentis through the Val Piora (10 hrs., guide, 
 unnecessary, to Piora 6, to S. Maria 10 fr. ; potter, at the Hotel Lombardi 
 at Airolo, 15 C. per kilogramme up to Piora, 10 c. down; horse to Piora, 
 3 hrs., 12 fr.). Descending the St. Gotthard road for 3/4 M., we cross the 
 Canaria to the left, and ascend to (20 min.) Madrano (4110')^ After 1/4 hr. 
 more the path ascends to the left to (20 min.) Brugnasco (4548')- It then 
 runs at nearly at the same level, overlooking the picturesque valley of the 
 Ticino, and afterwards through wood. From (^^4 hr.) Altanca (4567'; Inn) 
 we ascend to the left in zigzags past a small chapel to the (40 min.) Alp 
 in Valle (a spring by the wayside). The rock below it bears a very ancient 
 inscription. In the gorge "to the right the Fossbach fonns several pic- 
 turesque waterfalls. Fine retrospect of the mountains of Ticino. We next 
 cross a rocky s.iddle to the (1/2 hr.) sequestered Lake Ritom (6000'), on a 
 hill to the left of which is the *Hdtel Piora (R. 2, B. 1, D. 4, pens. 7-9 fr.), 
 a health resort, suitable for a stay. Pine-woods close to the hotel; great 
 variety of geological formations and of plants. Pleasant walks in the vicin-
 
 to Bellinzona . FAIDO. 11, Route 30. 107 
 
 ity; in secluded basins lie six small lakes, and there are four others just 
 beyond the ridges in the direction of the Val Cadlimo. Delightful view 
 of the lake, the Ticino valley etc. from the Bella Vista (1/4 hr.): a more 
 extensive prospect is enjoyed from Fongio (7257'), 1 hr. farther (skirt the 
 hillside to the W.)- Another fine point is Camoghh (7740' •, 1^/4 hr.). — 
 *Taneda (8760*). an easy ascent of 2V2 hra. , past Lake Tom to the ridge 
 separating Val Piora from Val Cadlimo, between Taneda and Punta Nera, 
 where we keep to the right to the broad summit. The splendid view com- 
 mands the Val Piora, the Val Bedretto and the Alps ofValai«, Bern, Uri, 
 Ticino, and the Giisons. — Other interesting points near Val Piora are the 
 Pnnta Nera (892.5'; 23/4 hrs.), Covandoni (8733'; 3 hrs.), Pit deW Uomo (9020'; 
 3'/2 hrs.), \Pizzo Lucomagno (9115'; 5 hrs.) and "Piz Bias (9920*; 5V2 hrs.). 
 — The path to S. Maria (3^/4 hrs. ; porter 7 fr.) leads round the lake, 
 to the left. By the (20 min.) Ritom Chalets we ascend the slope to 
 the left by a good path to the (20 min.) chapel of S. Carlo. Crossing 
 the brook, and passing a cross on the right (leaving the small lake of 
 Cadagno, with its chalets to the left), we reach (V4 hr.) the Alp Piora, 
 and (I/4 hr.) Murinascio, a group of huts. The path, indicated by crosses, 
 leads straight on for 1/4 hr., and then ascends to the left. Farther on it 
 always bears to the left. [The last huts of Piano de' Porci lie to the 
 right, below us. Persons bound for Olivone may from this point cross 
 direct by the Passo Columbe (7792'), between the Scai and Piz Columbe, to 
 the Casaccia hospice; p. 869. J We ascend the secluded Val Terminer 
 with the Piz delV Uomo (9020') on the left, to the {?li hr.) summit of the 
 Homo Pass (7257'; 10 min. before reaching which we pass a good spring 
 by a heap of stones), with its deserted hut. Descent on the other side 
 marshy at places. To the left, the Medelser Rhine descends from the Val 
 Cadlimo in a copious waterfall. Before us to the right rises the Scopi, to 
 the left in the distance the Todi chain. The (IV2 hr.) Hospice of St. Mana, 
 see p. 368. Thence to Disentis, or across the Lukmanier to Olivone, see R. 95. 
 
 Below Airolo the train crosses the Ticino, which descends from 
 the Val Bedretto (p. 304), passes through the Stalvedro Tunnel 
 (209 yds.), and enters the Stretto di Stalvedro. On the left bank of 
 the Ticino the high-road runs through four rock-cuttings. The 
 valley expands. 73 M. Ambri-Piotta (3250'; Restaurant Soldini ; 
 Brasserie Piotta). To the left lies Quinto. Beyond (76 M.) Bodi- 
 Fiesso (3100' ; Hotel Monte Piottino} we come to one of the most 
 curious parts of the line (comp. the map, p. 104). The Platifer 
 (Monte Piottino) here projects into tlie valley from the N. ; the 
 Ticino has forced its passage through the barrier, descending in a 
 series of falls through a wild rocky gorge to a lower region of the 
 valley, while the railway accomplishes the descent by means of two 
 circular tunnels. At Dazio Grande it crosses the Ticino (striking 
 view down the valley), is carried through the Dazio Tunnel and 
 the short Artoito Tunnel , and enters the Freyyio Loop Tunnel 
 (1712 yds.), from which it emerges into the Piottino Ravine, 118' 
 lower down. It then recrosses the Ticino (line scenery), passes 
 through the Monte Piottino and Pardorea tunnels , and descends 
 118' more by means of the Prato Loop Tunnel (1711 yds.), beyond 
 which opens the beautiful valley of Faido. Crossing the Ticino by 
 the Polmengo Bridge, and beyond another tunnel, we reach — 
 
 81 M. Faido ('2485'; pop. 991; *H6t.-Pens. Suisse, *H6t. Faido, 
 both at the station; *Angelo, R. & A. 2V-2, pens. 6-8 fr. ; *H6t.- 
 Peris. Fra7isioli, pens., incl.winc. 7fr. ; Prince of Wales; Hot.Vella;
 
 108 n. Route 30. BIASCA. 
 
 Bestaurant Belgeri; Birraria Rosian), the capital of tlie Leventina, 
 very picturesquely situated, and frequented as a summer-resort. On 
 the right the Plumogna descends to the Ticino in a fine waterfall. 
 
 The Valle Leventina , or Valley of the Ticino , formerly belonged in 
 common to the thirteen confederated cantons (with the exception of Appen- 
 zell), and was governed in the most despotic manner by bailifls , who 
 purchased their appointment at auction. A revolt broke out in 1755, but 
 was suppressed with the aid of the Swiss troops. The French put an end 
 to this mode of government in 1798, and in 1815 the Congress of Vienna 
 formed the Leventina and other Italian districts into the new canton of 
 Tessin or Ticino. 
 
 From Faido over the Predelp Pass to the Lukmanier^ see p. 369 ; over 
 the Campolungo Pass to the Yal Maggia^ see p. 434. 
 
 The train now carries us through beautiful scenery, richly wood- 
 ed with walnut and chestnut trees, on the left bank of the Ticino ; 
 the numerous campanili in the Italian style, crowning the hills, have 
 a very picturesque effect. To the right lies Chiggiogna, with an old 
 church. From the cliffs on both sides fall several cascades, the veil- 
 like fall of the Cribiasca on the right, near (851/2 M.) Lavorgo (2025'), 
 being the finest. Huge masses of rock lie scattered about, inter- 
 spersed with fine chestnut-trees. Below Lavorgo the Ticino forces its 
 way through the picturesque Biaschina Ravine to a lower region 
 of the valley, and forms a fine waterfall, while the railway descends 
 about 300' on the left bank by means of two loop-tunnels, one be- 
 low the other in corkscrew fashion. We pass through the La Lume 
 Tunnel, cross the Pianotondo Viaduct (114 yds. long), and then enter 
 the Pianotondo Loop Tunnel (1643 yds.; descent of 115'). Next 
 follow the short Tourniquet Tunnel, the Travi Viaduct, and the 
 Travi Loop Tunnel (1706 yds. ; descent of 118'), from which we 
 emerge upon the floor of the lower Valle Leventina. Crossing the 
 Ticino, we next reach — 
 
 90 M. Giornico (1480'). The large village (1295'; Posta, Cervo, 
 both well spoken of), picturesquely situated among vineyards on the 
 left bank, 11/4 M. to the S., has an old Lombard tower and remains 
 of fortifications near the church of S. Maria di Castello. The early 
 Romanesque church of S. Niccolb da Mira is said to occupy the site 
 of a heathen temple. Below Giornico the train crosses the Ticino 
 by a bridge 132 yds. long. On the right is the pretty fall of the 
 Cramosina. — 94M.Bodio (1090'; Postay Beyond Poi^e^^/o (Corona) 
 the Brenno descends from the Val Blenio (p. 370) on the left, and is 
 crossed by two bridges. The valley of the Ticino now expands and 
 takes the name of Riviera down to the mouth of the Moesa. Luxuriant 
 vines, chestnuts, walnuts, mulberries, and fig-trees now remind the 
 traveller of his proximity to 'the garden of the earth, fair Italy'. The 
 vines extend their dense foliage over wooden trellis-work supported 
 by stone pillars, 6-10' in height. 
 
 98 M. Biasca (970'; Rail. Restaurant; in the village, 12 min. 
 to the N., Union ^' Poste, unpretending), with an old Romanesque 
 church on a hill (1112'). A series of oratories near the station as-
 
 GOSCHENEN-THAL. II. Route 31. 109 
 
 cends to the Petronilla Chapel, near which is a pretty waterfall. — 
 To Olivone, and over the Lukmanier to Disentis, see R. 95. 
 
 The train skirts the base of the richly clothed E. slopes of the 
 valley, which is very hot and dusty in summer, and traverses two 
 tunnels. 101 1/2 ^1- Osogna (870' ; Posta) lies at the foot of an abrupt 
 rock with a rounded summit. 105 M. Claro (830') lies at the base 
 of the Pizzo di Claro (8920'), a beautiful mountain with luxuriant 
 pastures, on the slope of which, on a projecting eminence to the 
 left, stands the monastery of S. Maria (2074'). Beyond (1071/2 M.) 
 Castione (800') the train passes the mouth of the Val Mesocco(^. 380) 
 and crosses the Mo'esa. To the left lies Arbedo (p. 380). We pass 
 through a short tunnel and approach Bellinzona, with its three old 
 castles. 
 
 109 M. BeUinzona (760'), see p. 425. 
 
 From Bellinzona to Lugano and Como^ see p. 426 ; to Locarno^ 
 see p. 432; to Laveno, see p. 435. 
 
 31. From Goschenen to Airolo over the St. Gotthard. 
 
 22 M. Diligence from Goschenen to Andermatt twice daily in 1 hr. 
 (fare 1 fr. 40, coupe i fr. 70 c); to Hospenthal twice in I'/a-l'/'i lir. (2 fr. 10 
 or 2 fr. 55 c). No diligence from Hospenthal over the St. Gotthard. Omni- 
 buses from the Goschenen station to the Andermatt {I-IV2 fr.) and Hospen- 
 thal hotels (2 fr.). Carriage and pair from Goschenen to Andermatt or 
 Hospenthal 10, to the Hospice 35, to Airolo 60 fr. ; from Andermatt to the 
 Hospice 30, to Airolo 50 fr. ; from Hospenthal to the Hospice 25 (there 
 and back 30 fr.), to Airolo 45 fr. Carriage with one horse from Goschenen 
 to Andermatt or Hospenthal 6 fr. •, from Hospenthal to the Hospice 15 
 (there and back 25 fr.), to Airolo 25 fr. Driver's fee, 10 0/0 of the fare. 
 
 The St. Gotthard was probably the most frequented of the Alpine 
 passes down to the beginning of this century, but being crossed by a 
 bridle-path only it was gradually deserted for the new roads over the Sim- 
 plon, the Spliigen, and the Bernardino. In 1820-32 the cantons of Uri 
 and Ticino constructed the carriage-road, which for half-a-century was the 
 scene of busy traffic \ but since the completion of the railway it has again 
 become deserted. Travellers will, however, be repaid by a drive in an 
 open carriage or a walk over the pass. On foot from Goschenen to Ander- 
 matt 1 hr. 10 min. ; thence to Hospenthal, 3/4 hr. -, thence to the Hospice, 
 2V4 hrs. ; and thence to Airolo, 23/4 hrs. or by footpaths, l^/^ hr. Those 
 whose chief object is to make excursions from the Hospice will reach it 
 more quickly from Airolo than from Goschenen (telephone). 
 
 Goschenen (3640'), on the St. Gotthard Railway, see p. 105. 
 
 The Gbschenen-Thal (3 hrs. to the Goschener-Alp, guide unnecessary^ 
 provisions should be taken) deserves a visit. A good path leads by Ab- 
 frutt to (IV4 hr.) Wicki (4350'), where the Voralpthal opens to the right 
 (see p. 110)^ then by St. Niklaits and the Brindlistaffel (5043') to the (13/4 hr.) 
 Goschener-Alp (6040' ; rustic Inn, with beds ; guides must be brought from 
 Goschenen), grandly situated. To the W. descends the beautiful Damma- 
 firn from the Winterberg range (which culminates in the Dammastock and 
 Rhonestock):, and 1 hr. farther up the valley the Goschenen-Reuss issues 
 from the Kehle Glacier, imbedded between the Winterberg and Steinberg. 
 — A moderately easy and very interesting path (5V2-6 hrs., guide 15 fr.) 
 leads from the Goschenen-Alp "over the Alpligen Glacier and the Alpligen- 
 Liicke (9110'), between the Lochbevg and Spitzberg (p. 116), to Realp (p. 116). 
 The -Lochberg (10,130'), which affords a splendid view of the Galenstork 
 and St. Gotthard groups etc., is easily ascended in 3'4 hr. from the pass. —
 
 110 II. Route 31. SCHOLLENEN. From Gosehenen 
 
 Several difficult passes, fit for experts only, cross from the Goschener-Alp 
 to the Rhone and Trift Glaciers (Winterjoch, Damma Pass, Maasplankjoch ; 
 comp. p. 128). Over the Susten-Limmi (10,180') or the Thierherg-Limmi (about 
 10,500') to the Sleinalp, 9 hrs., laborious (see p. 128). — Ascent of the 
 Fleckistock {Spitzliberg ^ 11,215'; 7-S hrs., guide 35 fr.) for experts only, 
 difficult. We ascend from Wicki (p. 109) through the Voralpthal, past the 
 chalets of Hornfeli^ Bodmen, and Flachensiein to the (2V2 hrs.) Voralpthal 
 Hut of the Swiss Alpine Club (6S90'), finely situated at the foot of the 
 Wall^nhiiMfi)•n\ thence we mount to the right to the Fliihen (78740, and 
 over loose stones and steep rocks to the summit (5 hrs. from the club-hut). 
 
 Atove the Gosehenen station the *St. Gotthaed Road crosses 
 the Reuss by the Vordere, or Haderli-Briicke (3720'). On the left 
 are the railway-bridge and the N. end of the great tunnel. Here, 
 1/4 M. beyond Gosehenen , begins the sombre roeky defile of the 
 *Scli611enen (2^/2 M. long), bounded by lofty and almost perpendie- 
 ular granite rocks, at the base of which dashes the Reuss. The road 
 ascends by numerous windings, most of which may be cut oif by 
 footpaths or the old bridle-path passing the dilapidated LangreJBruc&e 
 (a little above are the Gosehenen water-works, with a considerable 
 waterfall), and crossing the (1 M.) Sprengibriick (4048'). The 
 road in the SchoUenen is much exposed to avalanches, and at one of 
 the most dangerous points is protected by a gallery, 60 yds. long, at 
 the farther end of which is the bull's head of Uri. 
 
 The road next crosses (3 M. from Gosehenen) the (1 V2 ^0 *Devil's 
 Bridge {Teufelshrucke, 4593'), amidst wild and grand rocky scenery. 
 The Reuss here falls in a picturesque cascade into an abyss 100' be- 
 low, bedewing the bridge with its spray. The wind (aptly called 
 'Hutschelm', or 'hat-rogue', by the natives) sometimes comes down 
 the gorge in violent gusts, and endangers the hats of the unwary. 
 The new bridge, buUt of granite in 1830, has a single arch of 26' 
 span. The old bridge, 20' below, fell in 1888. Bloody contests be- 
 tween the French and the Austrians, and the French and Russians 
 under Suvoroff took place here in Aug. and Sept, 1799, with the 
 result that the former were compelled to retreat to the Lake of 
 Lucerne. 
 
 Beyond the Devil's Bridge (cabaret; good collection of St. Gott- 
 hard minerals) the road winds upwards, passing a chapel and a 
 new fort (see below), to the (1/4 M.) Urner Loch (4642'), a tunnel 
 70 yds. long cut through the rock in 1707, originally broad enough 
 for a bridle-path only. Prior to 1707 a hanging chain-bridge, called 
 the Stdubende Briicke, conducted the traveller round the Ten- 
 felsstein, through a constant shower of spray. Both above and below 
 the Urner Loch, as well as at Andermatt and Hospenthal, strong 
 fortifications have recently been erected ; while new roads have been 
 made from the Devil's Bridge to the Bdzberg and from the Oberalp 
 to the top of the Musch, two points commanding fine views. 
 
 The Valley of TJrseren , upon which the road emerges from the 
 dark Urner Loch , presents a striking contrast to the wild region 
 just traversed. This peaceful valley (p. 116), with its green pastures
 
 ; V^*'^^S^-^%r'^'"' 
 
 DiocUli'rli" 
 
 
 
 1 
 

 
 to Airoln. ANDERMATT. II. Route 31. HI 
 
 watered by the Reiiss , is about 8 M. in length and V2-I M- i" 
 breadth, and is surrounded by lofty and barren mountains partially 
 covered with snow. Corn grows here but scantily, and trees are 
 scarce. Winter lasts nearly eight months , and during the short 
 summer fires are often necessary. — ^/^ M. — 
 
 4 M. Andermatt. — Hotels: -Hot.-Pens. Bellevue, a large bou«e, 
 in an open situation, 1/4 M. from the village, R., L,, & A, 4V2-6, B. IV2, 
 lunch 31/2, IJ. 5 fr. (Kngl. Church Service); adjacent, Hdtel- Restaur ant du 
 Touriste, moderate ; opposite, Hdt.-Pens. Nager^ small ; ' Gkand Hotel Andee- 
 MATT & Pens. Oberalp, at the upper end of the village; *St. Gotthard, 
 R., L., <fe A. 31/2, 1>. 4 fr. ; -Drei Konige, R. & A. 2V2, B. 11/4, D. 21/2 fr. ; 
 'Krone, R., L., & A. 2 fr. ; Sonne. 
 
 Andermatt (4738'; pop. 711), or Urseren, Ital. Orsera, V/4 M. 
 from the Devil's Bridge , the principal village in the valley, is a 
 winter resort of invalids. Adjoining the church is a charnel-house 
 adorned with skulls bearing inscriptions. At the exit of the Urner 
 Loch, beside the cliffs to the left, is a much older church said 
 to date from the time of the Lombards (recently restored and embell- 
 ished with ceiling-frescoes representing the spread of Christianity 
 in the Urseren valley). The Mariahilf chapel affords a good survey : 
 to the W. rises the barren grey Bazberg, in the background the Furka 
 with its inn , to the left the Muttenhorn ; a few paces beyond the 
 chapel, the Six-Madun, or Badus (see below), is visible; to the E. 
 in long zigzags ascends the road over the Oberalp (p. 367). St. Gott- 
 hard minerals sold by Frau Meyer-Muller. 
 
 From Andermatt over tlie Oberalp to Coire, see K. 94; over the Furka 
 to the RJione Glader, see R. 33. 
 
 The Sadus, or Six-Uadun (9615'), the huge outpost of the Alps of the 
 Orisons, is ascended from Andermatt in 4i/2-5hrs. (toilsome; guide 15 fr. ; from 
 Tschamut easier and shorter, p. 367). The summit, which consists of blocks 
 of gneiss, commands numberless peaks of the Alps of the Grisons, Bern, and 
 the Valais, and the whole of the Vorder-Kheinthal. The descent may be 
 made to the Toma See in the valley of the Rhine (to Sedrun, 4hrs., comp. 
 p. 367). — The Gurschenstock (942S'; 4 hrs. ; guide 15 fr.) and Gamsslock 
 (9728' ; 41/2 hrs. ; guide 12 fr.) are also fine points of view (guide nec- 
 essary). — Over the Unteralp Pass to Airolo (8 hrs.), see p. 106. 
 
 Between Andermatt and Hospenthal we observe the Glacier of 
 St. Anna, high above the brow of the mountain to the left. 
 
 51/2 M. Hospenthal (4800'; *Meyerhof, R., L., & A. 3-4, B. I'/o, 
 lunch 3, D. 4-5, pens. 7-12 fr.; '^Goldner Lowe, R., L. & A. 2, B. 
 11/4, D. 3 fr. ; Post; Schdfli, unpretending) was formerly the seat 
 of the barons of Hospenthal , of whose castle the ancient tower on 
 the hill is a relic. Eng. Ch. Service in summer. The Furka Road 
 (R. 33) diverges to the right beyond the village. 
 
 The St. Gotthard road ascends in numerous windings through a 
 bleak valley, on the left bank of that branch of the Reuss which 
 descends from the Lake of Lucendro (see below). A short-cut di- 
 verges to the left by the second house beyond the Reuss bridge. 
 Pleasant retrospects of the Urseren-Thal and the jagged peaks of 
 the Spitzberge (p. 116), as far as the Galenstock to the W. To the 
 left of the bleak (3 M.) Gamsboden opens the abrupt Guspis-Thal^
 
 112 II. Route 31. ST. GOTTHARD. From Qoschenen 
 
 at the head of which are the Guspis Glacier and the Pizza Centrale 
 (see below). At a bend in the road (8/4 M.) is the first Cantoniera 
 (_5876'; closed), at the foot of the Winterhorn, or Pis Orsino (8747'). 
 The road enters Canton Ticino, passes the dilapidated second Can- 
 toniera, and crosses theReuss for the last time, near its outflow from 
 the Lake of Lucendro (to the right; not visible), by the (3 M.) Ro- 
 dont Bridge (6620'). 
 
 To the 'Lake of Lucendro (6835') a digression of 1/2 iir. only. The 
 path diverges below the Rodent Bridge (on the left bank), leads over masses 
 of rock to the (15 min.) beautiful green lake, environed Avith snow-peaks 
 and glaciers , and skirts its N. bank. To the S. rises Piz Lucendro (9708'), 
 to the W. the Yicerberhorner (9265'), Piz delV Uomo (8820'), etc. -- The 
 path crosses the Reuss at its exit from the lake, and rejoins the St. Gott- 
 hard road near the top of the pass. 
 
 On the (1 M.) Pass of St. Gotthard (6935') the road passes 
 between several small lakes. 
 
 The St. Gotthard is a mountain-group, 160 sq. M. in area, with a 
 number of different peaks, extensive glaciers, and about thirty small lakes. 
 The pass is a barren depression, destitute of view, bounded on the E. by the 
 precipitous Sasso di S. Gottardo (8235'), and on the W. bv the rocks of the 
 Fibbia (8995') and the Pizzo la Valletta (8334'). The chief peaks of the St. 
 Gotthard are : E., the Prosa (8983') and P. Centrale (9850' ; see below) ; W., the 
 Piz Lucend/ro (9708'), Ywerberhorn, (9265'), Piz delV Uomo (8820'), and Winter- 
 horn or Piz Orsino (8747') \ then, more to the W., the Leckihorn (10,070'), 
 Muttenhorn (10,184'), Pizzo Pesciora (10,250'), Pizzo Rotondo (10,490'), Kiih- 
 hodenhorn (10,080'), etc. 
 
 133/4 M. Albergo del S. Gottardo (6867'), 1/4 M. to the S. of the 
 culminating point, is a 'dependance' of the Hotel du Mont Prosa 
 which stands opposite (telephone to Airolo). The latter is adjoined 
 by the Hospice. On a rock a little to the S. is the old Mortuary Chapel. 
 
 ExcDESiONS (guides for the shorter ascents at the hotel). -Pizzo Cen- 
 trale, or Tritthorn (9850'; 31/2 brs. ; guide 10 fr.), not difficult. Beyond 
 the hospice we cross the brook to the left, and ascend the slope of the 
 Sasso San Gottardo over detritus to the entrance of the Sella Valley, 
 through which the route leads. To the left Mte, Prosa (see below). We 
 skirt the slope high above the Sella Lake (7320') and ascend snow-fields 
 to the base of the peak, which consists of crumbling hornblende. The 
 ''View is one of striking magnificence, embracing almost all the highest 
 mountains in Switzerland (Panorama by A. Heim). The ascent may also 
 be made from Hospenthal in about 5 hrs., via the Gamsboden and the 
 Guspisthal (see above). — - Monte Prosa (8983'; 2V2 brs.; guide 7 fr.), less 
 interesting. By the hut above the Sella Lake (IV4 br.) we diverge to the 
 left from the Pizzo Centrale path, and ascend across poor pastures and 
 patches of snow to the (3/4 hr.) saddle (8520') between the Prosa and Blau- 
 berg. Thence to the left, up the arete, and lastly over sharp rocks 
 to (V2 hr.) the summit. The W. peak, 41' higher than the E., is separated 
 from it by a chasm 20' deep. 
 
 The Fibbia (8995'; 2'/2 brs.; guide 7 fr.), a gigantic rock which com- 
 mands the St. Gotthard road on the W. and descends suddenly to the Val 
 Tremola, is fatiguing. Excellent survey of the St. Gotthard group, the 
 valley of the Ticino, and the Ticino Alps. — *Piz Lucendro (9708'; 31/2- 
 4 hrs. ; guide, 10 fr., unnecessary for the experienced), a fine point, free 
 from difficulty. From the Lucendro Lake (see above) we ascend by the 
 Lucendro Alp and the depression between the Ywerberhorner and the 
 Pizzo la Valletta to the Lucendro Glacier and graduallv mount to the rocky 
 summit. — Leckihorn (10,070'), see p. 113. — 'Pizzo Rotondo (10,490'), the 
 highest peak of the St. Gotthard , from the Hotel Prosa 7-8 hrs. (guide 
 30 fr.), difficult. We follow the Lecki Pas<: mute (see p. 113) past the Piz
 
 to Airolo. vST. GOTTHARD. II. Route 31. 113 
 
 Lucendio to the Wyttenwasser Glacier, ascend to the left to the Wyttenwaster 
 Pass (9365') and skirt the precipitous slopes of the Pizzo Kotondo to the 
 Passo Rotondo (9515'), whence we climb to the left to the summit (p. 106). 
 
 To the Sorescia or Scara Ovell (7350'), a pleasant excursion (1 hr.). 
 We descend the road to the S. to the Ticino bridge, and beyond it ascend 
 a narrow path to the left. Fine view, especially of the Ticino Alps, the 
 Cristallina, Campo Tencia, Basodino, etc. Descent to the Sella valley un- 
 advisable, there being no bridge over the Ticino. 
 
 Passes. Over the Oesino Pass to Realp, not difficult (4V2hrs. ; adepts 
 need no guide). We ascend either from the Rodont Bridge (p. 112) across 
 the stony Rodont Alp and past the Orsino Lake (7515'), or from the Lucendro 
 Lake to the N.W. over grassy slopes, past the Orsirora Lake (8058'; to the 
 left) to the Orsino Pass (about 8530'), S.W. of Piz Orsino (p. 112); striking 
 view (S.) of the St. Gotthard group from the Furka to the Fibbia, (N.W.) 
 of the Finsteraarhorn and Agassizhorn, and (N.) of the Galenstock and 
 Dammastock range as far as the Sustenhorner and Titlis. Descent over 
 the pastures of the Eisenmanns- Alp and through brushwood to Realp (p. 116). 
 
 OvEE THE Lecki Pass TO THE FoKKA (10 hrs., guidc 30 fr.), fatiguing, 
 but repaying. From the Lucendro Lake to the Lucendro Glaciers see above; 
 thence across the depression to the N. of Piz Lucendro (ascent highly 
 recommended, see above) to the Wyttenwasser-Thal and the Cavanna Pass 
 (p. 116). We then traverse the Wyttenwasser Glacier, pass the Hiihnerstock, 
 and reach (5V2-6 hrs.) the Lecki Pass (9555'), lying to the N. of the Lecki- 
 Aor» (10,070' ; easily ascended from the pass in 1/2 hr.). Descent across the 
 Mutten Glacier, past the Mutfenhorner; then an ascent between the Thier- 
 herg and Blauherg to the small Schwdrze Glacier, and down to the (3V2 hrs.) 
 Furka Hotel (p. 117). — Or we may from the Wyttenwasser Glacier proceed 
 to the Wyttmwasser Pass and the Passo Rotondo (see above) and thence 
 descend to AW Acqua in Val Bedretto (p. 304; 10 hrs, from the Hotel 
 Prosa, an interesting expedition for experienced mountaineers). 
 
 From the Hospice to Airolo is a walk or drive of 2-21/2 lirs. ; 
 in the reverse direction 3 hours. In winter and spring the snow- 
 drifts on the road-side are often 30-40' high, and sometimes remain 
 unmelted throughout the summer. Snow-storms and avalanches are 
 most prevalent on the S. side. 
 
 About 1/2 M. to the S.E., below the hospice, the road crosses 
 that branch of the Ticino which issues from the Sella Lake (see 
 p. 112), and enters the Val Tremola, a dismal valley into which 
 avalanches often fall, and descends past the Cantoniera S. Giu- 
 seppe (6010') in numerous windings , avoided by the old bridle- 
 path. Rich Alpine flora. At the Cantoniera di Val Tremola (pbQA') 
 the Val Tremola ends and the Valle Leventina (p. 108) begins. 
 *View down to Quinto. To the right opens the Val Bedretto (p. 304), 
 from which the main branch of the Ticino descends. 
 
 22M. Airolo (3755'), 81/2 M. from the St. Gotthard Pass, see p. 106, 
 
 Travellers going from the St. Gotthard to the Val Bedretto need not 
 descend to Airolo, but save an hour by leaving the road below the Can- 
 toniera di Val Tremola (see abovej, at the angle of the first great bend 
 in the direction of the Val Bedretto. The path descends to the right, and 
 at Fontana (p. 804) joins the road leading from Airolo to AlFAcqua. 
 
 32. The Maderaner Thai. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 62. 
 The Maderaner Thai, a picturesque valley about 8 M, in length, 
 enclosed by lofty mountains (N., the Great and Little Windgdlle, the Great 
 Baei>ekkb, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 8
 
 114 n. Route 32. MADERANER THAL. 
 
 and. Little Ruchen^ and the Scheerhorn; S., the Bristenstock, Weitenalp stocky 
 Oberalpstock, and Diissistock}. and watered by the turbulent Kdrstelenbach^ 
 is worthy of a visit. Bridle-path (shaded in the early morning) from 
 Amsteg to the (3V4 hrs.) Hotel Alpenclub (3030' above Amsteg ; horse i2 fr. ; 
 porter 6, there and back within two days 12 fr.). Beautiful return-route 
 via the Stafeln (see below), 6-7 hrs., practicable even for ladies. 
 
 Amsteg (1760'), see p. 104. We diverge from the St. Gotthard 
 road on the left bank of the Kdrstelenhach and ascend, passing under 
 the huge railway-bridge, by a good zigzag path to the St. Antons- 
 Kapelle ; then over gently sloping pastures, shaded with fruit-trees, 
 to (50 min.) the hamlet of Bristen (2615'; Cafe' Fedier, with gar- 
 den, beyond the chapel, to the right). The path descends a little, 
 crosses by an (5 min.) iron bridge to the right bank of the foaming 
 Karstelenbach, and again ascends. After 7 min. we avoid a bridge 
 to the right, leading to the narrow Etzlithal (see p. 116), in which 
 a fine waterfall is visible. After 20 min. the path recrosses to the 
 left bank and leads to the (5 min.) houses Am Schattigen Berg. It 
 then ascends rapidly to (40 min.) the top of the Lungenstutz (3600' ; 
 two small inns), and (8 min.) a cross commanding a fine view. 
 Passing through wood at places, we next cross the Griessenbach and 
 the Staldenhach to (i/2tr.) the chalets of St'ossi (3904'). Crossing 
 the Karstelenbach at a (5 min.) Saw-mill, and passing the houses 
 of Balmwald on the left, in 25 min. more we reach the *H6tel 
 zumSchwelzer Alpenclub (A720'] R., L., & A. 3, D, 4, pens. 8-10 fr., 
 Engl. Church Service'), adapted for a stay of some time. Fine view 
 from the terrace on the "W. side of the house. Pleasant wood- 
 walks in the vicinity. About ^ 2 ^1' from the hotel is the small 
 Butzli-See. 
 
 To the Hiifi Glacier, an interesting walk (1 hr., guide unnecessary). 
 From the inn a path , at first through wood, ascends the grass5' slopes 
 on the N. side of the valley (passing opposite the falls of the Brunni- 
 bach. the Stauberbach, and the LammerbacTi) , crosses the Schleierbach, 
 the Seidenbacf}, and the MilcJibciche, and ascends to (1 hr.) a rocky height 
 (5230') , overlooking the glacier (which has greatly receded), from which 
 the Karstelenbach issues. We may now descend to the end of the glacier 
 (guide necessary, 3-4 fr.) and return to the hotel on the left bank of the 
 Karstelenbach, passing the waterfalls above mentioned, and crossing the 
 Alp Gufern (8-4 hrs. in all). 
 
 Beautiful return -route to Amsteg by the *Stafeln (6-7 hrs. ; 
 guide 8 fr.), the lofty pastures on the N. side of the valley. The 
 path first leads to the above-mentioned rock overlooking the Hiifi 
 Glacier (1 hr.), and then ascends to the (1 hr.) Alp Gnof (6235'), 
 the (3/4 hr.) Stafel-Alp (6290'), and the (V4 hr.) Alp Bernetsmatt 
 (6553' ; Alpine fare and accommodation), commanding a magnificent 
 view of the Hiifi Glacier, Clariden Pass, Diissistock , Tschingel 
 Glacier, Oberalpstock, "Weitenalpstock , Crispalt, Bristenstock, Ga- 
 lenstock, Spitzliberg, the Windgallen , and Ruchen. [A still finer 
 view, especially of the conspicuous Windgallen, is commanded by 
 the*Widderegg (7840'), ll^hr. from Bernetsmatt, with guide.] We 
 then descend rapidly to the pretty Golzern-See (4636') and the 
 (Ihr.) Golzern-Alpeni^AbSS'] excellent drinking-water), and lastly in
 
 MADERANER THAL. //. Route 32. 115 
 
 zigzags through underwood to the hamlet of (IY2 hr.) Br«sfen and 
 (1/2 tr.) Amsteg (to the station 1/4 hr. more). 
 
 Excursions from the Hotel Alpenclub. (Guides: Ambr., Jost, and Jos. 
 Zgraggen ; Jos. Maria., Melch., and Jos. Tresch; A. Baumann; Jos. and 
 Melcfiior Gnos and others; ordinary excursions, 6 fr. per day.) The ascent 
 of the Diissistock {Piz Git, 10,702';" 6-7 hrs.; guide 25 fr.) is difficult and 
 requires experience. The path leads up the Brunnithal to the (2 hrs.) 
 Waltersfirven Alp (6330'), ascends to the left to the (2 hrs.) Resti-Tschingel 
 Glacier, and crosses it ; we then clamber over the precipitous rocks of the 
 Kleine Dilssi (10,2BU') and ascend the arete to the (2 brs.) summit. Splendid 
 view. — The Oberalpstock {Piz Tgietschen, 10,925'; guide 20 fr.) presents no 
 serious difficulty to adepts. We either proceed from the Alpenclub Hotel 
 to the upper part of the (4-5 hrs.) Brunni Glacier (see below), and ascend 
 the snowy slopes, to the right, to the summit in 2-2V2 hrs. ; or cross from 
 Amsteg to the upper part of the Strimthal by the Kreuzli Pass (p. 116), 
 and ascend across the Strim Glacier, reaching the summit from the S.E. 
 side (7-8 hrs., from Sedrun 1 hr. less). — Weitenalpstock (9870'), 7 hrs,, 
 very toilsome. — Bristenstock (10,090'), see p. 104. — Piz Cambriales (10,590'), 
 4-5 hrs.^ from the Hiifi Club-hut (see below) , and Claridenstock (10,730'; 
 25 fr.). 5 hrs. from the club-hut, not very difficult for practised climbers. 
 Kammlistock (10,787' ; 25 fr.), 5 hrs. from the club-hut, laborious. — The 
 Grosse Windgalle or Kalkstock (10.463'), from the Alp Bernetsmatt (p. 114) 
 5 hrs. (guide 30 fr.) and the Grosse Scheerhorn (10,815'), from the Hufi 
 Club-hut 6 hrs. (guide 25 fr.), both very difficult, require experience and 
 thorough steadiness. — Grosse Huchen (10,295'), less difficult, but ex- 
 tremely fatiguing (from the Alp Gnof. 6-7 hrs. ; guide 20 fr.). — The Kleine 
 Windgalle (9800'), from the Alp Bernetsmatt by the arete between the 
 Kleine and Grosse Windgalle in 3',V4 hrs. (guide 20 fr.), is not very difficult. 
 
 Passes. To Stachelberg over the 'Clariden Pass (9843'), 11-12 hrs. 
 from the Alpenclub Hotel, a grand and most interesting expedition, presents 
 no serious difficulty to experts with able guides (35 fr.). The route 
 ascends the slopes of the Diissistock (see above), on the left bank of the Hufi 
 Glacier, to the (2V2hrs.) Club Hut on the finely situated Hiifi Alp (5905'; spend 
 night). Then a steep ascent for a short distance, over the moraine to the 
 (40 min.) Hiifi Glacier, and gradually up the Hiififirn and Claridenfirn to 
 the (3-31/2 hrs.) Pass at the S. base of the Claridenstock (10,730'), command- 
 ing a fine view of the Todi, the Rheinwaldgebirge, etc. We then descend 
 the Claridenfirn, passing the Bocktschingel. a rock with a hole through 
 its middle, and the Gemsfayv en stock (p. 62), and through the difficult 
 Wallenhach Gorge to the Allenorenalp, the Auengiiter (p. 62), and (5 hrs.) 
 Stachelberg. Or from the Claridenfirn (keeping to the right before reach- 
 ing the Clariden Pass) we may cross the Hiifi Pass (9645'), between 
 the Hintere Spitzalpelistock (9852') and the Catscharauls (10,045'), to the 
 Sandfirn, and then either descend to the left to the Upper Sandalp (p. 63) 
 or to the right by the Sandgrat to Disenlis (p. 365; guide 30 fr.). — Another 
 pass to Stachelberg (12-13 hrs. from the Alpenclub Hotel; guide 30 fr.) is 
 the Kammliliicke (9268'), lying between the Scheerhorn and the Kammlistock 
 (see above). Descent over precipitous ice-slopes to the crevassed Gries Glacier, 
 the Kammli Alp, and the Klausen Pass (p. 64). 
 
 To Unterschachen over the Ruchkehlen Pass (8790'), 8-9 hrs., laborious 
 (guide 25 fr.). From the Alp Gnof (p. 114) we ascend precipitous grass- 
 slopes, rock, and glacier to the pass, between the Grosse and Kleine Ruchen, 
 and descend steeply through the ice-clad Ruchkehle into the Brunnithal and 
 Schdchenthal (p. 64). — The Scheerhorn-Griggeli Pass (9180') is also toil- 
 some. From the Hiifi Club-hut we mount the Hiifi Glacier and the Bock- 
 ischingelfim to the pass, between the Scheerhorn and the Kleine Ruchen, 
 and descend to the Upper Lammerhach-Alp and Unterschdchen. 
 
 To Disentis over the Brunni Pass (8875'), 8 hrs., interesting but 
 fatiguing (guide necessary, 25 fr.). We ascend the Brunnithal by Rinderbiel 
 and Waltersfirven (see above) to the (2V2 hrs.) Brnnni-Alp (6990''|. cross the 
 Brunni Glacier to the (2 hrs.) pass between the Piz Cavardiras (9505') on 
 
 8*
 
 116 II. Route 33. REALP. 
 
 the left and the Piz d'Acletta (9570') on the right, and descend through the 
 Val Acletta to Acletta and (3V2 hrs.) Disentis (p. 365). 
 
 Feom Amsteg over the Kreuzli Pass (7645') to Sedkun, 8 hrs., fatig- 
 uing. Through the Etzlithal to the pass, 5V2 hrs. ; thence down the Strim- 
 thal to Sedrun (p. 365), 2V2 hrs. 
 
 33. From Goschenen to the Rhone Glacier. 
 The Furka. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 110. 
 
 25 M. Diligence in summer daily in 6i 2 hrs. (9 fr. 85, coupe 11 fr. 
 85 c.): from Goschenen to Brig daily in 12 (Brig to Goschenen 14) hrs., 
 with 1/2 hour's halt at Tiefenhach, and dining at the Ehone Glacier (20 fr. 
 65 c, coupe 25 fr. 15 c). — Pedestrians should allow the following times 
 from Goschenen: to Andermatt I1/4, B.ealp 2, the Furka 31/2 (return 21/2), 
 Rhone Glacier 2 (return 21/2) hrs. — Horse from Realp to Tiefenhach 5, 
 Furka 8 fr. — Carriages: with one horse from Guschenen to Realp, 
 10 fr. ; with two horses from Goschenen to Andermatt cr Hospenthal 
 10-15, the Furka 40-50 fr. (incl. fee), Gletsch 65, Fiesch 85, Brig 125 fr. 5 
 from Andermatt to Realp 15, the Furka 40, Rhone Glacier 60, Fiesch 90, 
 Brig 125 fr.: from Hospenthal to Realp. with one horse 6, two horses 10, 
 to Furka 20 (there and back 25) and 35, Ehone Glacier 30 and 50, Fiesch 50 
 and 90, Brig 70 and 120 fr. ; from Realp to the Furka, with one horse 12, 
 two horses 20 fr., Ehone Glacier 18 and 25 fr. ; from the Rhone Glacier 
 to the Furka 15 fr. 
 
 The *Furka Koad, constructed chiefly for military purposes, and form- 
 ing a convenient route to or from the Grimsel and the Bernese Oberland, 
 commands striking views of the Rhone Glacier and the neighbouring moun- 
 tains, and from Realp onwards should be traversed in an open carriage 
 or on foot. 
 
 To (51/2 M.)ffospen«/iaZ [4800'), see pp. 110, 111. At the upper 
 end of the village the road diverges to the right from the St. Gott- 
 hard route, ascends a little, and skirts the level bank of the Realper 
 Reuss in the hleak Vrserenthal (jp. 111). On each side rise steep 
 grassy slopes, furrowed by numerous brooks, and overshadowed on 
 the N. by the jagged pinnacles of the Spitzberge (10,053'). 2^/4 M. 
 Zumdorf (4965'), a group of huts with a chapel. Farther on we 
 cross the Reuss and the Lochbach, which descends from the Tiefen- 
 gletscher (p. 117), and soon reach (1^4 ^0 — 
 
 91/2 M. Realp (5060'; *H6t. desAlpes, plain; 'BeimHospiz^vfith. 
 the post-station), a poor hamlet at theW. end of the Urseren Yalley. 
 
 Over the Alpligen-Liicke to (6 hrs.) the Goschener-Alp, see p. 109 ; Orsino 
 Pats to the St. Goithard. see p. 113. — From Realp to Villa in the Val 
 Bedretto (p. 304) by the Cavanna Pass (8565'), between the Piz Lucendro and 
 Huhnevstock, 5 hrs.. uninteresting. 
 
 Beyond Realp the road begins to ascend in long windings, 
 which the old road to the right, 50 paces beyond the second bridge, 
 Y2 M. from Realp, avoids. (In descending from the Furka we 
 quit the new road a few hundred paces beyond the 50th kilometre 
 stone , and descend by a few steps to the left.) We soon obtain 
 a fine retrospective view of the broad Urserenthal, with the zigzags 
 of the Oberalpstrasse in the background (p. 307); on the left are 
 the Wyttenwasserthal with the glacier of that name, the Ywer- 
 berhorner, and the Piz Lucendro. At the last winding of the road
 
 FURKA. II. Route 33. 1 1 7 
 
 (Fuchsegg, 6595'), 31/2 M. from Realp, stands the small Hot.-Pens. 
 G-'aim3«ocfe (R. 2, D. 31/2. I'ens. 6 fr. ). About IV2 M. farther on, 
 beyond the Ebneten-Alp, is Tiefenbach (6790'; Hotel Tiefenglet- 
 scher, well spoken of, D. 81/2, pens. 5-7 fr.), where the diligence 
 halts some time. 
 
 By following; the slope from thi'! point and crossing the moraine, we 
 reach (IV4 hr.; guide) the Tiefen Glacier, imbedded between the Galenstock 
 and the Qletschhovn (10,850'), where beautiful crystals (more than 121/2 tons) 
 were found in 1868 (p. 139). — Over the Tiefensattel to the Rhone Glacier 
 (Grimsel, Trifthiitte), see p. 128. — Over the Wiriierliicke (9450') to the 
 Goscfiener-Alp (p. 109), 6hrs., with guide; descent to the Winter Glacier steep. 
 
 The road crosses the Tiefentobel and ascends, running high up 
 on the N. slope. The old bridle-path (not recommended) follows 
 the Oarschentltal on the left, far below. On the right lies the 
 Siedeln Glacier, the discharge of which forms a fine waterfall; 
 above it rise the pinnacles of the Bielenstock (9670'). Before us 
 rises the Furkahorn (see below). The (3 M.) — 
 
 171/2 M. Furka (7990'; *H6t.-Pens. Furka, R., L., & A. 3-5, 
 D. 4-5, pens. 9-12 fr. ; post and telegraph oftice) is a saddle 
 between the Muttenhorner on the left and the Fnrkahorner on the 
 right, descending abruptly on both sides. Magnificent view of the 
 Bernese Alps with the imposing Finsteraarhorn, to the left of 
 it the Oberaarhorn, Walliser Flescherhorner, Siedelhorn, and 
 Wannehorn, and to the right the Agassizhorn and Schreckhorner. 
 From the *Kanzli, about 1 M. from the hotel, we obtain a view 
 also of the upper part of the Rhone Glacier and of the Upper Valais 
 and its Alps (Mischabelhorner, Matterhorn, Weisshorn, etc.). 
 
 ExcDKSioNS. *Furkahorn (9935' ; 21/2 hrs.; guide 7 fr., not necessary for 
 adepts), to the N. of the pass, by an easy bridle-path; very interesting. 
 Admirable panorama of the Alps of Bern and the Valais, the Galenstock, 
 St. Gotthard group, etc. Not advisable to descend direct to the Rhone 
 Glacier. — 'Muttenhorn (10,180'; 3 hrs. ; guide 10 fr.), to the S. of the 
 Furka, a very fine point, not difficult. 
 
 Galenstock (11,805'; 5 hrs.; guide 15 fr.), not difficult for adepts under 
 favorable conditions of the snow (axe and rope required). From the Furka 
 to the (3/4 hr.) Rhone Glacier (see below) , skirt its left margin , climb a 
 steep snowy slope to the right, follow a rocky arete, and lastly mount 
 very steep n^ve to the overhanging snowy summit (caution required). View 
 exceedingly grand. 
 
 From the Furka over the Lecki Pass to the St. Qotthard Hospice (10 hrs., 
 with guide), see p. 113; over the Tri/t-Limmi to the Tri/thiiite, see p. 128. 
 
 To THE Grimsel Hospice (p. 176). 5 hrs. (guide 10 fr. ; alpenstock and 
 nailed boots requisite). Walkers may descend from the Furka by a good 
 path, diverging to the right from the road V2 M. from the inn, to the 
 (3 '4 hr.) upper part of the Rhone Glacier, cross it above the ice -fall in 
 IV'j hr., ascend the (3/4 hr.) *Nageli's Gratli (8470'), alYording a splendid view 
 of the Bernese and Valaisian Alps, and descend to the (2 hrs.) Hospice. 
 The path issues at the N. extremity of the small Grimsel lake (p. 171)). 
 
 The road follows the slope to the right to the (l'/4 ^1-) Oalen- 
 hiltten (7900') and descends to the left in long zigzags, high 
 above the huge *Rhone Glacier (p. 303), affording admirable 
 views of its fantastic ice-masses. At the second bend of the road 
 is the small Hotel Belvedere (closed). A path leads hence in 74 hr., 
 over the moraine, keeping to the left, to a point commanding the
 
 118 II. Route 3d. STANS. 
 
 upper part of the glacier. In the valley we cross the Mutihach (the 
 discharge of the Gratschlucht Glacier). The road is joined here on 
 the left by the steep old bridle-path from the Furka. It then grad- 
 ually descends the slope of the Ldngisgrat, and again describes 
 several long bends, which the old bridle-path, to the right, cuts 
 off. Crossing the infant Rhone, we reach the (674 M.) — 
 
 25 M. ^Rhone Glacier Hotel, in the 'GletscK (5750'; p. 303). 
 
 From the Rhone Glacier to Brig, see p. 304 ■, over the Grimsel to 
 Meiringen, see R. 52. 
 
 34. From Lucerne to Altdorf vi^ Stans and 
 Engelberg. The Surenen Pass. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 78. 
 
 Steamboat from Lucerne to Stansstad 8 times daily in 40 min., fare 
 1 fr. 40 or 80 c. (see p. 92). — Electric Teamwat from Stansstad to (2 M.) 
 Stans in 15 min. (40 or 20 c, there and hack 65 or 35 c.). Diligence from 
 Stans to (12 M.) Engelberg twice daily in 3 hrs. 5 min.;, fare 4 fr., conpe 
 5 fr. 40 c; one-horse carriage 15, two-horse 25 fr. — Walkers may dismiss 
 their vehicle at Grafenort (7 31. from Stans, a drive of IV4 hr., one- 
 horse carr. 7-8, two-horse 12 fr.), beyond which the road is so steep that 
 travellers usually alight and walk. (One-horse carr. from Beckenried to 
 Engelberg, the route for travellers from the St. Gotthard, 15-18, two-horse 
 25-30 fr. 5 see p. 80.) — From Engelberg to Altdorf over the Surenen Pass, 
 rather fatiguing (bridle-path, 9 hrs.; guide, 14 fr., unnecessary in fine 
 weather; travellers from Altdorf need a guide to the top of the pass 
 only, 8 fr.). 
 
 To Stansstad, see p. 93. The road (electric tramway, see above) 
 leads round the S. base of the Biirgenstock (p. 93), through orchards 
 and pastures. 
 
 2 M. Stans or Stanz (1510'; pop. 2458; Eiigel; Krone, R. 1, B. 
 1 fr. ; RdssW), the capital of Nidwalden, the E. half of Canton 
 Unterwalden , lies in the midst of a vast orchard , on which, 
 however, from lith Nov. to 2nd Feb. the sun shines for one 
 hour only in the morning , between the Hohe Brisen (7890') and 
 the Stanserhorn (see below). Adjoining the handsome Parish Church 
 is the ^'Monument of Arnold von Winkelried (p. 21), a fine group 
 in marble by Schloth. A tablet by the Burial Chapel in the churchyard, 
 on the N. side of the church, commemorates the massacre per- 
 petrated here in 1798 by the French, who were exasperated by the 
 obstinate resistance they met with. The Town Hall contains por- 
 traits of all the mayors from the year 1521 ; below them is a collec- 
 tion of Unterwalden flags; also two French banners of 1798; a 
 picture by the blind artist Wiirsch, who perished in 1798; another 
 by Volmar , representing Brother Klaus taking leave of his family 
 (p. 123). In the studio of the late painter Deschwanden a number 
 of his paintings are exhibited gratis. Fine view from the Knieri, 
 above the Capuchin Monastery. 
 
 The *Stanser Horn (6230') is a splendid point of views, scarcely inferior 
 to Rigi and Pilatus. Cable railway (opened in July, 1893) in 50 min.; 
 5 fr., return-ticket 8 fr. The line (4265 yards in length"; maximum gradient
 
 WOJ.FENSCHIESSEN. II. Route 34. 119 
 
 60 : 100) is divided into three sections , and carriages are changed twice. 
 Each section has its own power house 5 the electric motors are supplied 
 from the central station at Buochs. In the middle of each section is a 
 crossing, where the ascending and descending cars pass each other; 
 there is no toothed rail, hut safety is warranted by strong automatic brake 
 tongues. — The line ascends gradually (12 : 100) from the entrance of the 
 village through luxuriant meadows, and farther on more rapidly (27 : 100) 
 to the (13 min.) station of Kcilti (T!o'), where carriages are changed. The 
 second section has a gradient at first of 40 : 100, afterwards of 60:100; 
 the line ascends a wooded ravine, crosses a torrent, and intersects a deep 
 cutting to the (13 min.) second station of Blumatl (4G06'), whence it proceeds 
 with tlie same gradient (3 : 5) through a tunnel (150 yds.) and over a lofty 
 viaduct to the terminal station (GOTO*), near the new Hotel Stanserhorn 
 (opened in lb93). A good path leads hence to the top (60' higher), which 
 commands an admirable '\ iew ofthe Bernese Apps (with the Titlis rising 
 in the foreground), the Lake of Lucerne and the hills of N.W. Switzerland. 
 
 The road to (12 M.) Engelberg traverses the valley of the 
 Engelberger Aa, between the Stanser Horn on the right and the 
 Buochser Horn on the left. In the background rises the snow-clad 
 Titlis. Near (2 M.) Dallenwyl we cross the Aa. On a mound of 
 detritus at the mouth of the Steinbach^ to the right, stands the 
 church of the village. 
 
 A good bridle-path, diverging to the left, ascends to (4V2 M. ; 6 M. 
 from Stans via Nieder-Bilven-^ one-horse carr. from Stansstad to Biiren in 
 1 hr., 4 fr. ; from Buochs 5 fr.) the finely-situated health-resort of Nieder- 
 rickenbach or Mariarickenbach (3830'; ^Kurhaus zum Engel^ pens. 6-7 fr.). 
 Hence to the Buochser Horn (5395')-, IV* ^J*., repaying; to the 'Steinalp- 
 Brisen (7690'), 3 hrs., via the Ahom-Alp and the Steinalp, interesting (guide 
 not indispensable for adepts). Another attractive ascent is that of the 
 Schwalmis (7373'; 3 hrs.; guide unnecessary), by the Ahorn-Alp., the Bdrfalle 
 (with a cross), and the Biihl-Alp^ and thence up the E. arete. The des- 
 cent may be made to (3 hrs.) Isenthal via the Jochli (see below). — An 
 interesting pass (4V2-5 hrs.. with guide) leads from Niederrickenbach by 
 the Buhlalp (see above) and the Jochli (6925') between the Schwalmis and 
 the Reissendstock, descending by the Bolgen-Alp and the Laueli to St. 
 Jakob in the Isenthal (p. b5). 
 
 13/4 M. Wolfenschiessen (1710'; *Eintracht^ unpretending, 
 pens. ; Kreuz). Beside the church is the hermit-hut (brought hither 
 from Altzellen) of Conrad Scheuher, grandson of St. Nikolaus von 
 der Fliie (p. 123), whose worship he shares. 
 
 From Wolfenschiessen via Obervickenhach and the Schonegg Pass (6315') 
 to (51/2-6 hrs.) Isenthal^ see p. 85. Guide advisable, the descent from the 
 pass to the Sulzthal Alp being steep and pathless. 
 
 Beyond (2^/2 M.) Orafenort (1885'; Inn, good wine) the road 
 ascends through beautiful wood. To the right, far below, flows the 
 brawling Aa. We next pass (4 M.) the auberge 'Im Griinen Wald', 
 below which, in the valley to the right, the brook descending 
 from the Triibsee (p. 127) falls into the Aa. After another slight 
 ascent, we turn to the left, and suddenly obtain a view of the 
 Engelberger Thai, a green Alpine valley, 5 M. long and 1 M. broad, 
 bounded on three sides by lofty, snow-clad mountains. The Titlis 
 with its ice-mantle stands forth majestically, and to the left rise the 
 rocky pinnacles of the Great and Little Spannort (p. 121); in the 
 foreground is the Hahnenberg or Engelberg (8566'). Then (I3/4 M.) —
 
 120 //. Route 34. ENGELBERG. From Lucerne 
 
 12 M. Engelberg. — *H6tel Sonnenbekg, finely situated, R., L., 
 & A. 4-5, D. 41/2, S. 3, pens. 8V2- H fr. ; *H6tel Titlis, E., L., & A. 
 31/2, D. 4, pens. 8V2-12fr. ; *Engei-, pens. 6-8 fr., rooms separated only by 
 board partitions; *Apartments at Dr. Cattanfs, adjoining, but without 
 board; *Kuehads &. Pens. Muller, pens. 6-8V2 fr. ; *H6tel Kational, 
 8-10 fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Engelberg, 6 fr. ; 'Hot. des Alpes, unpretending, 
 board 5 fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Hess, R. 2, B. 1 fr. Rooms at several other 
 houses ; usual charges, R. IV2, B. 1, D. 2 fr.; whey also procurable. Beer 
 at Waser's. — English Church in the grounds of the Hotel Titlis. — Guides : 
 Karl, Eugen, and Jos. Hess; Jog. Eusfer, father and son; Placidus Hess; 
 Jos. Amrhein; Jos. Imf anger; N. Hurschler ; C. Waser. 
 
 Engelberg (3315'; pop. 1973), loftily and prettily situated, and 
 sheltered from the N., is a favourite health-resort, particularly for 
 nervous patients. At the upper end of the village rises the handsome 
 Benedictine Abbey of the name, founded in 1121, named Mons An- 
 gelorum by Pope Calixtus XI., and rebuilt after a fire in 1729. 
 
 The *Chdrch contains modem pictures by Deschwanden, Kaiser, and 
 Wiirsch ip. liS). High-altar-piece, an Assumption by Spiegler , 1734. In 
 the chapter -house two transparencies by Kaiser, the Conception and the 
 Nativity. The Library (20,000 vols., 210 MSS.), which was pillaged by 
 the French in 1798, contains a good relief of the Engelberg Valley. Per- 
 mission to visit the monastery is now not very often granted. — The 
 ScHOOi. connected with the abbey is well attended. The Farm Buildings, 
 with the labourers' dwellings, are very extensive, and in the cheese-ma- 
 gazine several thousand cheeses are frequently stored at one time. The 
 revenues of the abbey, which formerly exercised sovereign rights over 
 the surrounding district, were considerably reduced by the French in 1798. 
 
 Opposite the abbey, to the S., on the left bank of the Aa, are 
 pleasant shady walks, which are reached in 10 minutes. 
 
 Excursions. The 'Schwand (4300'; Inn), affording a delightful survey 
 of the valley and the neighbouring mountains, is reached by a good path in 
 11/4 hr. — The Bergli (430U'; Inn) and the Fluhmatt (1355'), each 1 hr., com- 
 mand a magnificent view of the Titlis. — Pleasant walk (brake several times 
 daily, 60 c.) past the favourite coffee garden of Eierwaldchen to the (3/4 hr.) 
 ^Tatschbach Fall, which descends from the Hahnenberg (Inn). (To the left 
 of this path is the End der Welt, a rocky basin at the head of the Horbis- 
 thal. It may be reached in V2 br. : 10 min. from the church, and beyond 
 the bridge over the Horbisbach, the path ascends to the left by the cafe 
 'Zur neuen Heimat'.) Beyond the Tatschbach we may cross the Fiirren' 
 bach, which als^o forms several falls, and visit the (V2 hr.) dairy-farm of 
 Herrenriiti (389<'; horse there and back 5 fr.), the property of the Abbey, 
 affording a survey of the Firnalpeli and Grassen glaciers. — The Arnitobel, 
 a gorge with a waterfall, 3/4 br. to the W., a pleasant and shady walk; 
 thence to the right to the (1 hr.) Lower Arnialp (4355'; Inn), with a good 
 view of the Engelberger Rothstock , and to (1 hr. fiirther) the Upper 
 Arnialp (5300), commanding a beautiful survey of the Engelberg valley. 
 — Fiirrenalp (6073'; 2^/2 hrs.j; the path ascends to the left before reaching 
 the Tatschbach Fall, and then skirts the slope above (beautiful view of 
 the Titlis). 
 
 Ascents. Rigidalstock (8515'; 41/2 hrs.; guide 9 fr.), the last part 
 difficult, fine panorama; Wildgeissberg (8710'; 5 hrs.; guide 10 fr.), rather 
 fatiguing; "Widderfeld (7723'; 4 hrs.; guide 8 fr.), less fatiguing. — Hut- 
 stock (8790': 6-7 hrs.; guide 12 fr.), by the Juchli (p. 123), not difficult 
 for mountaineers. — The Hanghorn (8790'), an attractive point, is reached 
 in 6-7 hrs. (guide 12 fr.) by crossing the slope of the Schattband, in front 
 of the Hutstock. — Engelberg-Rothstock (92oO'; 5 hrs.; guide 9 fr.). interest- 
 ing and not difficult, TVe ascend by the Alp Obhag and the Plankenalp to 
 the (31/2 hrs.) Club Hut on the Ruchhubel (7562'), not far from the Griessen 
 Glacier; thence below the Rothgratli (p. 85) to the top in I1/2 hr. more. 
 '^Uri-Roth stock (9620'; 81/2 hrs.; guide 17, with descent to Isenthal
 
 ' r 
 
 , ^™^i*^ - MS ■■ "S^^: 
 
 "^" \ .^ 
 
 '%- 1 11,1,1 \ ''"^ 
 
 rail?*'' '"^
 
 to Altdorf, SURENEN PASS. II. Route 34. 121 
 
 22 fr.), very interesting. From the club-hut above the Plankenalp to the 
 (I1/4 hr.) gap (8878') on the S. of the iingelberg-Rothstock; thence across 
 snow to the (1 hr.) Porta or Sehlosss/ockliicke, adjoining the Schlossstock 
 (9055'); then a rather steep descent to the Bliimlisalpjirn ; again an ascent, 
 to the arete separating it from the Klcinthal, and lastly up the Klein- 
 thalfirn to the (2' j hrs.) top (comp. p. 85). 
 
 The Gross-Spannort (10,515') is ascended from the Spannort Cluh-hnt 
 (G500'), 41/2 hrs. from Engelberg, by the Schlosfherg-Liicke and the Glatfen- 
 fivn in 4V2 hrs. ; interesting, though toilsome (comp. p. 103 5 guide 25 fr.). 
 — Klein-Spannort (10,380'), from the Spannort Hut by the Spaimortjoch 
 (see below) 6-7 hrs. (guide 35 fr.); difficult, for expert climbers only. — 
 Schlossberg (10,280'), from the Blacken-Alp (see below) in 4V2 hrs., with 
 guide, laborious. The admirable view is scarcely inferior to that from 
 the Titlis. Much Edelweiss. 
 
 The -'Titlis (10,627'; 7-8 hrs.; guide 12 fr.) is very interesting, though for 
 novices somewhat trying. It is advisable to go on the previous evening to the 
 Hdtel Hess (p. 127 ; 21/4 hrs. ; horse 10 fr.), in order not to have the steep 
 Pfaffenwand (p. 127) to ascend at starting. From this point it is usual to 
 start at 2 a.m., in order that on the return-route the snow may be traversed 
 before the heat of the day. From the Hotel Hess the path ascends over 
 the Latibersgrat to the (2 hrs.) Stand (8033'), where a short rest is taken; 
 it then mounts a steep slaty incline in zigzags, over rock and detritus, 
 to the (3/4 hr.) Rothegg (9030'), where the glacier is reached. We ascend 
 the glacier, at first gradually, then more rapidly (step-cutting sometimes 
 necessary), and if the snow is in good condition we reach the (1V2-2 hrs.) 
 summit, called the JVollen, without material difficulty. The view, highly 
 picturesque and imposing, embraces the entire Alpine chain from Savoy 
 to the Tyrol, iS'. Switzerland, and S. Germany. The ascent of the Titlis, 
 though requiring perseverance, is perhaps the least difficult of glacier-excur- 
 sions. Descent to the .Joch Pass (Engstlenalp), see p. 126. 
 
 Passes. From Engelberg over the Jorh Pass to Meiringen (972-10 hrs.; 
 guide, unnecessary, to Engstlen 8 fr.), see R. 36; over the Storegg (5 hrs.) 
 or the Juchli (6V2'hrs.; guide 12 fr.) to the Melchtfial, see p. 123; over the 
 Rothgratli to the Isenthal (10 hrs. ; guide 17 fr.), see p. 85. 
 
 Fkom Engelberg to Erstfeld (p. 103) via the Schlossberg-Liicke 
 (8635') and the Glattenfim (10 hrs.; guide 25 fr.), a fine route, but fatiguing. 
 By spending a night in the Spannort Hut (see above ; 2 hrs. below the pass) 
 mountaineers may combine the ascent of the Gross- Spannort (see above) 
 with this pass. — To Erstfeld across the Spannortjoch (iJGlO'; 10-11 hrs.; 
 guide 25 fr.), between the Gross and the Klein-Spannort, toilsome. 
 
 To Wasen over the Grassen Pas3 {Bdrengrube. 8917'), 10 hrs., difficult 
 (guide to Meien 25 fr.). — To the Steixalp over the Wendenjoch (8695'), 
 10-11 hrs., fatiguing, but interesting (guide 25 fr.). 
 
 The route to the Sureneu Pass leads past the Tatschbach Fall to 
 (I74 hr.) Herrenriiti (p. 120), follows the right bank of the Aa to 
 (25 mln. ) the frontier of Canton Uri by the Nieder-Surenen Alp 
 (4134'), and ascends to the (V2 l^r.) Staffeli (4652'). After a steep 
 ascent to the (50 mln.) Stierenbach Fall (best viewed from below ), 
 we cross (5 min.) the brook, and in 40 min. more recross it to the 
 Blaekenalp (5833'), with its chapel. The path then ascends grad- 
 ually over snow, which melts in July, to the (1 V2 tir.) Surenen- 
 Pass (7560'), on the S. side of the Blackenstock (9587'). 
 
 The Titlis becomes grander as we ascend, and we observe a 
 long range of peaks and glaciers, particularly the Klein- and Gross- 
 Spannort and the Schlossberg, extending as far as the SurSnen. On 
 the other side we survey the mountains enclosing the Schachenthal, 
 on the opposite side of the Reuss, the Windgalle being most con- 
 spicuous. On the E. side of the Surenen the snow, which never
 
 122 II. Route 35. ALPNACH. 
 
 entirely melts, is crossed in V4lir. in tlie height of summer. Then a 
 steep descent to the (li/4tr.)WaWnac/t<-Aip (4754'), which is visible 
 in the long valley below. At a stone bridge {^/^ hr. ) the road 
 divides. The very steep path in a straight direction leads to 
 (13/^ hr.) Altdorf(;p. 102); that to the right, crossing the bridge, 
 to (2 hrs.) Erstfeld (p. 103). By the latter we reach the (5 min.) 
 Bockitobel , with the picturesque falls of the Waldnachtbach 
 (beyond which the guide may be dismissed), descend through wood 
 into the valley, traverse the pastures to the village of Erstfeld, and 
 cross the Reuss to the station on the St. Gotthard line (p. 103). 
 
 35. From Lucerne over the Briinig to Meiringen and 
 Brienz (Interlaken) . 
 
 Comp. Maps^ pp. 78, 79, 14,8. 
 
 Eailwat from Lucerne to (28V2 M.) Meiringen in 3 hrs. (fares 7 fr. 90, 5 fr. 
 45, 3 fr. 55 c.) ; to (36 M.) Brienz in 33/* hrs. (fares 10 fr. 30, 7 fr. 25, 4 fr. 
 25 c). From Brienz to Interlaken, steamboat in I-IV2 lir. — Steamboat 
 (preferable if time permitj from Lucerne to Alpnach- Stad (3/4-IV2 hr.; 
 p. 92); the direct trips are timed to connect with the Briinig Railway at 
 Alpnach-Stad. 
 
 The '■'Briinig Railway, opened in 1888-89, is, as far as (10 M.) Giswyl, 
 /. e. about hallway, an ordinary narrow-gauge line, but from that point 
 it surmounts the pass (3295') alternately by means of the 'rack-and-pinion' 
 system and the adhesive system, with a maximum gradient of 18 : 100. 
 Best views to the right. In point of picturesque beauty, however, the old 
 Briinig Road is superior , and those who visit the Bernese Oberland for 
 the first time may still cross the Briinig to Meiringen on foot, from Giswyl 
 or Lungern. 
 
 l/wccrnc (Briinig Railway Station, PI. E, 4 ; restaurant), see p. 73. 
 The ButJNiG Railway runs to the S.W. in a wide curve into the 
 broad valley of the Allnund, and leaving Kriens (p. 77), at the foot 
 of the Sonnenberg, to the right, passes (3 M.) Horw (the village 
 with its pretty church lies to the left), and approaches the S.W. 
 arm of the Lake of Lucerne (p. 93). 5^2 -M* Hergiswyl (^'Rossli; 
 *Schweizerheim) , at the foot of Pilatus (bridle-path to the Hotel 
 Klimsenhom, p. 95). The railway now pierces the rocky Lopper- 
 berg by means of a tunnel' 2/4 M. in length, and skirts the Lake of 
 Alpnach to — 
 
 8 M. Alpnach-Stad ('^Hotel Pilatus; Rbssli; Stern)., the starting- 
 point of the '"^'Pilatus Railway ; see p. 94. 
 
 Thence the line proceeds through the partly marshy valley of 
 the Aa and across the Kleine Schlierenbach to (9^2 M.) Alpnach or 
 Alpnachdorf (ibSO' •, Sonne; Schlussel). The church of Alpnach with 
 its slender spire was erected with the proceeds of the sale of timber 
 from the forests of Pilatus, which were rendered accessible by a 
 wooden slide, 8 M. long, and were cut down in 1811-19. 
 
 Beyond Alpnach the train crosses the broad stony bed of the Grosse 
 Schlieren and the Saarner Aa., the right bank of which it follows, 
 past Kdgiswyl (on the right), with its large parquetry- factory, 
 to (11 M.) Kerns- Kdgiswyl (1620'), the station for the Melchthal.
 
 SARNEN. //. Route 35. 123 
 
 The Grosse Melchthal, an idyllic valley, 15 M. long, studded with 
 numerous chalets and watered by the Melch-Aa, well repays a visit. From 
 the station a diligence jilies daily in 2^4 hrs. to the village of Melchthal, 
 via (i/'j hr.) Kerns (1865'; 'Krone; Ilirsch; Rossli), a considerable village 
 with a pretty church, finely .situated at the foot of the Arvigrat (6920'j. 
 At the entrance of the Melchthil, 3 M. from Kerns iind ^jt M. from 
 Sarnen, is St. Nikiaus (2752'), or Ht. Xiaus, the first Christian church erected 
 in this district. The ancient tower adjoining it is locally known as the 
 Heidenthurm (heathens' tower). In the ravine of the Melchaa, opposite, is the 
 Ranft^ formerly a barren wilderness, with the hermitage of St. Nikolaus 
 VON DER Flue, who is said to have lived here for twenty years without 
 other food than the sacramental elements , of which he partook monthly. 
 After their victory over Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1482, the 
 confederates assembled at Stans disagreed about the division of the spoil, 
 but through the intervention of the venerable hermit the dispute was soon 
 amicably settled. After his death (1487) he was canonised. His memory 
 is still revered by the people, and there is scarcely a hut in the Forest 
 Cantons that does not possess a portrait of Brother Klaus. 
 
 From the hermitage the road proceeds to the (3 M.) village of Melch- 
 thal (2933' ; Alpenhof) and the (3 M.) Alp iStock, at the foot of the precipit- 
 ous itamisjlvh (6115'), whence a new road, practicable for light vehicles, 
 leads to (6 M.) Melchsee-Frutt (see below). At the Ohr-Alp (8975'), 3 M. 
 to the E. of Melchthal, is one of the largest mapletrees in Switzerland, 
 with a girth of 371/2 ft. at about 5 ft. from the ground. From Melchthal 
 (guide .Tos. Imdorf) a rough path crosses the Storegg (5710') to Engelberg 
 (p. 120) in 41/2 hrs.; another, more interesting but more difficult (steep 
 descent; guide 12 fr.), leads thither in 6 hrs. over the Juchli (7120'). The 
 Niincdphorn iJuchlistock ., 7830'; fine view of the Titlis and the Bernese 
 Alps) may be ascended in 1 hr. from the Juchli. View still finer from 
 the Hutstock (8790'), reached by good climbers from the Juchli in 2 hrs. 
 (comp. p. 120). — The basin of the Melchsee (0115'; Hot.-Pens. Frutt, Pens. 
 Eeinhard, both unpretending) affords an attractive picture of Alpine life. 
 Rich flora. Interesting excursions may be made to Boni, 1 hr. ; Spicherjluh 
 (6690'), lV2hr. ; llohmaU, 2-21/2 hrs.; 'Erzegg (7138'), lV4hr.; -Balmeregg- 
 hom (7280*), I72 hr. ; Abgschutz, l^U hr. ; 'Hohenstollen (8150), 2^4 hrs., 
 with fine view (comp. p. 171): Glockhaus (8320'), 2 hrs., toilsome; Wild- 
 geistherg (8710*), 3 hr.s. via Tannenalp (comp. p. 126); etc. To the E. an 
 easy pass crosses the Tannenalp (65L»0') in 2 hrs. to the Engstlen-Alp (p. 126); 
 to the W. an interesting pass leads via the Weil Hist (about < lOO'), to the 
 S. of the HohenstoUen, in 4 hrs. (guide 10 fr.) to Meit-ingen (p. 170). 
 
 13 M. Sarnen (1630'; pop. 3928 ; *Obwaldner Hof ; *Seiler, pens. 
 5fr. ; Adler; Metzger, moderate; Pens. Landenberg, see below; Pens. 
 Niederberger, on the 'Boll', ^/^'hi. to the E.), the capital of Obwalden^ 
 the ^V. part of Canton Unterwalden, with its nunnery and Capuchin 
 monastery. The Rathhaus contains portraits of all the magistrates 
 of Obwalden from the year 1381 to 1824, and one of St. Nikolaus 
 von der Flue (see above) , and a relief model of Unterwalden and 
 Hasli. The large church, on a hill, the cantonal hospital, the poor 
 house, the Niklaus von Flue Pensionat (for students), and the arsenal 
 on the Landenberg (1667' ; fine view ; pension, see above), are con- 
 spicuous buildings. The castle of Landenberg, destroyed by the 
 Confederates on New Year's Day, 1308, formerly stood on the last- 
 mentioned hill. 
 
 At the head of the Schlieren-Thal, 31/2 hrs. to the W. of -arnen, lies the 
 sequestered =^Schwendi-Kaltbad (4737'), with a chalybeate spring: and whey- 
 cure. The road ascends the W, slope of the Schicendiberg to (1 hr.) Stal- 
 den (2614'; refreshments at the cure's), whence a bridle-path crosses the 
 meadows of Schwendi and goes on, often through wood, to the C-',2hrs.)
 
 124 II. Route 35. LUNGERN. From Lucerne 
 
 Kaltbad. Tlience to tlie top of the Feuerstein (6700') 2^/2 bra.; to the 
 Sc?iimberg Bad^ 2 hrs., see p. 129. 
 
 To the Melchthal (81/2 M. to St. Niklaus), see p. 123. 
 
 The railway crosses the Melchaa , which has been conducted 
 into the Sarner See (1552'), a lake 4 M. long, and 1-1 1/4 M. broad, 
 well stocked with fish , which it continues to skirt. The valley of 
 Sarnen is pleasing, though without pretension to Alpine grandeur. 
 — At (15 M.) Sadiseln (1598'; ^Kreuz, moderate; Engel; Rossli; 
 pop. 1556), a thriving village near the E. bank of the lake, is a 
 large church, erected in 1663, containing the bones of St. Nikolaus 
 and other relics. 
 
 Ascending a short distance, from the S. end of the lake, and 
 passing (on the left) the entrance of the Kleine Melchthal, the train 
 next halts at (18 M.) Giswil (1665'; Hotel de la Gate; Krone), 
 partly destroyed in 1629 by inundations of the Lauibach, A lake 
 was thus formed, and 130 years later was drained into the Lake of 
 Sarnen. Fine view from the churchyard, beside the highlying 
 church ; to the S.W. rise the Giswiler Stock (6605') and the Brienzer 
 Rothhorn (7713'). Above the station are the relics of a chateau of 
 the Rudenz family. 
 
 The Giswiler Stock (6605'j, affording a beautiful view, may be ascen- 
 ded in 4 hrs. from Giswil, via Kleintlieil and Iwi. The descent may be 
 made to the Marienthal (Entlebuch, p. 130). — The Brienzer Rothhorn (p.* 172) 
 may be ascended from Giswil in 6 hrs. ; path for the first 3 hrs. good, 
 afterwards steep and toilsome. Pedestrians are recommended to walk 
 by the old *Brunig Road from Giswil to (3 hrs.) the Brunig Pass (3395'-, 
 *Kurhaus Brunig . p. 125), whence they may descend to (IV4 hr.) Meiringen 
 or (3 hrs.) Briem (p. 172j. 
 
 At Giswil, where the railway meets its first serious obstacle, the 
 'rack-and-pinion' system begins. The line ascends the side of the 
 valley at a considerable gradient (10 : 100), traversing wood and 
 crossing two torrents and traversing two rock- cuttings, and at 
 Burgeln reaches the summit of the Kaiserstuhl (2305'). From the 
 top the triple peak of the Wetterhorn is visible to the S. over 
 the depression of the Briinig. The railway proceeds , high above 
 the picturesque Lake of Lungern (2162'; II/2 M. long) and through 
 a short tunnel, to — 
 
 221/2 M. Lungern (2475'). The large village (pop. 1756'; *Ldwe 
 ^- H6t. Brmiig , pens. 5-6 fr.; Bar) is, with the adjoining Ober- 
 Seewies, the last village in the valley and lies 1/2 ^1- from the S. 
 end of the lake, half of which was drained into the Lake of Sarnen 
 in 1836, by means of a channel 3/4 M. long. — The Dundelsbach 
 forms a picturesque fall on the hillside to the W. The Giebel 
 (6680'; fine view), to the S.E., may be easily ascended from 
 Lungern In 31/2 l^rs. 
 
 The second steep gradient begins beyond Lungern; picturesque 
 retrospect. The train passes through the Edppeli Tunnel (2970' ; 
 150 yds. in length) and ascends the wooded Brunigmatt-Thal (above 
 us, to the right, is the road), at a moderate gradient, which be-
 
 toBriem. BRUNIG. 11. Route 36. 125 
 
 comes steeper before (25V2 M.) Brunig (3295'; *Bae7. Restaurant^ 
 D. iiicl. W. 3 fr. ; '*H6t.-Pens. ^S' Kurhaus Brunig ^ 3 inin. from 
 the station, pens. 8-12 fr.), situated on the crest of the saddle, 
 not far from the old Briinij? Pass. Fine view ; opposite us tower 
 the Engelhorner (p. 170) and the Faulhorn chain (p. 166); to the 
 left we overlook the valley of Meiringen as far as the Kirch et (p. 174) ; 
 at the foot of the mountains to the S. is the lower fall of the Reichen- 
 bach (p. 170); opposite is the fall of the Oltschibach (p. 172); 
 below us flows the Aare , and to the right is part of the Lake of 
 Brienz. 
 
 Fine prospect from the Wi/ler Alp (4856'), IV2 br. to the N.W. of the 
 Briinig; more extensive from the Wylerhorn (eSSO*), 3 hrs. from the pass. 
 
 Fkom the Brunig to Meiringen, on foot in 2 hrs., attractive. From the 
 road, about 1/4 M. below the station, a footpath diverges to the right, and 
 crossing the railway, runs chielly through wood to (3 M.) Hohfluh (p. J71). 
 Before reaching the inn we turn to the left, take the first turning to the 
 right, and cross the pastures to the right again via Wasserwendi and 
 Golderen to the Hotel Alpbach and (3 M.) Meiringen (p. 170). After Hoh- 
 fluh we have a continuous and picturesque view of the Wetterhomer and 
 Oherhasli. 
 
 The railway has been carried down the steep rocky wall at a 
 considerable gradient (maximum 12 : 100) by means of blasting, 
 retaining-walls under overhanging cliffs , and cuttings. We cross 
 the brawling Grossbach, Kehlhach, and Hausenbach (charming view 
 at th& Brunnenfluh'), enter the Aarethal, and beyond Hawsen reach — 
 
 281/2 M. Meiringen (p. 170). Thence to Brienz and Interlaken, 
 see R. 50. 
 
 36. From Meiringen to Engelberg. Engstlen - Alp. 
 Joch Pass. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. lOi, 120. 
 
 9^4 hrs. : Im-Hof I1/4, Engstlen-Alp 5 (Lauenen direct from Meiringen 
 2>/2, Engstlen-Alp 21/2 hrs.), Joch I1/2 , Triibsee 1/2, Engelberg IV-j hr. — 
 Horse from Im-Hof to Engelberg 30, from Meiringen 35 fr. ; guide (un- 
 necessary) 16 and 18 fr. ; horse from Engstlen-Alp to Engelberg 15, guide 
 S fr. — If the traveller can devote two days to this interesting journey 
 (still more attractive in the reverse direction), he should sleep on the 
 Engstlen-Alp, where an afternoon may be pleasantly spent. 
 
 From Meiringen to (1^4 lir.) Im-Hof (2054'), see p. 175. Two 
 routes lead thence to the Genthal. We follow the Susten route 
 (p. 127) to the (3/4 hr.) foundry in the Miihletlud ; then, beyond the 
 (3/4 hr.) bridge over the Genthalwasser, ascend to the left through 
 wood to the (I/2 hr.) Wagenkehr (rustic rfmts., good wine ) and the 
 (1 2^^-) Genthalalp (see below). Or we may diverge to the left from 
 the Susten route at Wyler. 20 min. from Im-Hof, cross the Gad- 
 vienbach, turn to the left again after 6 min.. and ascend rapidly 
 through pastures and wood. Near the (1 hr.) chalets of Lauenen 
 (3800') begins the Genthalalp. 
 
 A path called the '■ Hundschiipfi\ shorter by 1/2 hr., but very narrow 
 at places, and somewhat dizzy (guide advisable), leads from Meiringen
 
 126 U. Route 36. ENGSTLEN-ALP. 
 
 straight on for 1/2 M. beyond the "bridge over the brook and then, ascend- 
 . ingto the left, skirts the brow of the Hasliberg^ affording a striking 
 view of the valleys which unite at Im-Hof far below, to the (2V4 hrs.) 
 chalets of Lauenen (p. 125). 
 
 The path soon approaches the Genthalbach, and follows its right 
 bank. On the (1/4 hr.) Leimboden (3920') our path is joined on the 
 right by that from Miihlethal above mentioned (small auberge on the 
 left bank). We now gradually ascend the monotonous Genthal. Be- 
 hind us rise the Wetterhorner and the Hangend-Gletscherhorn at the 
 head of the Urbachthal (p. 175). In 20 min. we pass the Oenthalhutten 
 (3993'), on the left bank of the brook, and after a slight ascent 
 reach (1 hr.) the Schwarzenthalhutten (4596'; Rfmts.). 
 
 The valley now becomes more interesting. From the precipices 
 of the Gadmer Fluhe (9750') on the right, which become grander 
 as we proceed, falls a series of cascades, varying in volume ac- 
 cording to the state of the melting snow, and we at last come 
 to eight of these close together (Achtelsassbdche). The Engstlen- 
 bach, as the brook is named above this point, also forms several 
 considerable falls. The path crosses the stream and ascends, often 
 steeply, through venerable wood, to the (1^4 hr.) *Engstlen-Alp 
 (6033'; *Inn, R., L., & A, 3, D. 4, pens. 6 fr.), a beautiful pasture, 
 with fine old pines and 'Alpine cedars'. (Excellent water, tem- 
 perature 40-42" Fahr.) *View, to theS.W., of the majestic Wetter- 
 horn; to the left the Schreckhorner; to the right the Bliimlisalp; to 
 to the E. the Wendenstocke and the Titlis. — The Wunderbrunnen 
 ('miraculous spring'}, near the inn, is an intermittent spring which 
 only flows in wet weather and in spring during the melting of the 
 snow, usually about noon. 
 
 Excursions. To Melchsee-Fkutt (2 hrs.; guide, 4 fr., unnecessary; 
 horse 10 fr.). From the inn we walk to the N.W. to the waterfall and 
 ascend rapidly on the right side, soon obtaining a splendid view of the 
 Bernese Alps (among which the Finsteraarhorn comes in view to the left 
 of the Schreckhorner). At the top we round the grassy Spicherfluh (6690'), 
 pass a small lake, and reach the (1 hr.) Tannenalp (6500'), with its numerous 
 chalets. We next traverse beautiful level pastures, pass two other small 
 lakes, and reach (1 hr.) Melchsee-Frutt (6210'; Hot. -Pens. Frutt; Pena. 
 Reinhard), see p. 123. 
 
 Ascents. Schafberg (Owdrtler; 7950'; 2 hrs.), not difficult; Grauslock 
 (8737' ; 21/2-3 hrs. ; with guide), fatiguing; Wildgeissberg (8710'; 3 hrs. : with 
 guide, 5 fr.), an admirable point, but rather laborious (comp. p. 120). — 
 Wendenstoclc (9990' ; 4 hrs. ; with guide), difficult, for experts only ; im- 
 posing view. 
 
 The ascent of the -Titlis (p. 121) is shorter from the Engstlen-Alp than 
 from Engelberg. From the (IV2 hr.) Joch Pass we ascend to the right 
 over rocks, debris, and snow, and reach the (31/2 -4 hrs.) top after a steep 
 and fatiguing climb. Guide from the inn 15 fr. (charged in the bill) 
 and gratuity (with descent to Engelberg 20 fr.). The start should be made 
 not later than 2 a.m., with lanterns. 
 
 Over the Satteli to Gadmen, 31/2 -4 hrs. (guide to the Satteli 4, 
 Gadmen 10, Steinalp 14, Wasen 21 fr.), a fine route. At the W. end of 
 the Engstlen-See (p. 127) we cross the Engstlenbach to the Alp Scharmad- 
 lager, and ascend a narrow path on the slope of the Gadmer Fluh to the 
 (2 hrs.) satteli (splendid view of the Gadmenthal, Trift Glacier, and 
 Bernese Alps). Then a long and steep descent to (IV2-2 hrs.) Gadmen
 
 JOCH PASS. 11. Route 36. 127 
 
 (p. 128). A still finer view is obtained from the ~Achteltassgrat C^GratW), 
 1/2 hr. beyond the Satteli and a few hundred feet lower. 
 
 For Y2 ^^- the bridle-path to (31/2 hrs.) Engelberg skirts the 
 Engstlen-See (6075'), a lake II/4 M. long, abounding in trout, 
 and then ascends, in view of the Wendenstbcke ^ with the Pfa^en 
 and Joch Glaciers^ to the (1 hr.) Joch Pass (7245'; view limited). 
 A tolerable path now descends over rock and detritus to the (Y2 ^r- J 
 Ohere Truhsee-Alp (Inn), on the S.E. side of the turbid Triibsee 
 (5795'), and then leads to the N.E. through the flat and marshy 
 valley (with the Triibsee on the left) , and across the brook which 
 descends from the glaciers of the Titlis, to the (3/4 M.) *H6t.-Pens. 
 Hess, on the margin of the Pfaffenwand (5870'). The view hence 
 of the Titlis and the Engelberg Valley is surpassed by that from 
 the Bitzistock (6225'; easily ascended in 20 min. from the hotel), 
 which includes also the Schlossberg, Spannorter, and other moun- 
 tains. Ascent of the Titlis, see p. 121. 
 
 The path now descends the steep Pfaffenwand in zigzags, leads 
 over the GerschniAlp (4125') towards a clump of pines, enters a wood, 
 crosses the Engelberger Aa at the foot of the hill, and reaches — 
 
 IVo tr. Engelberg (p. 120). 
 
 37. From Meiringen to Wasen. Susten Pass. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 104, 120, 110. 
 
 12 hrs. :.Im-Hof 11/4, Gadmen 3, Am Stein 23/4, Susten-Scheidegg l'/4, 
 Meien 23/4, Wasen 1 hr. Horse 35 (or, for two days, 40), guide 18 fr. (un- 
 necessary). 
 
 From Meiringen to Im-Hof (2055'), IV4 hr-, see p. 175. The 
 Susten Road, constructed by Bern and L'ri in 1811, and still 
 tolerably well kept on the Bernese side (practicable for driving as 
 far as the Stein Inn), diverges here to the E. from the Grimsel route. 
 It traverses pleasant meadows and wooded slopes , and skirts the 
 winding Gadmenbach. At one time the Wetterhorn, Wellborn, and 
 Engelhorner, at another the Schwarzhorn group form the back- 
 ground towards the W. 
 
 The lower valley is called the Miihlethal, above which is the Nes- 
 senthal. Beyond (20 min.) Wyler the path to the Engstlen-Alp 
 (p. 125) diverges to the left. The road crosses (10 min. ) the Gadmen- 
 bach, and at an (1/4 hr.) old iron-foundry the Genthalbach, on the 
 left bank of which a second path (see p. 125) to the Engstlen-Alp 
 diverges. At (3/4 hr.) Milhlestalden (3117') the narrow Triftthal 
 opens towards the S.E., with the Trift Glacier in the background. 
 
 Triftthal (comp. Map, p. 110; 4V2 hrs. to the club-hut; guide neces- 
 sary, Andr. v. Weissenfluh of Milhlestalden, Joh. Moor and Joh. Luchs of 
 Gadmen), The path ascends on the left bank of the Tviftbach and on the 
 left side of the ice-fall to the (3 hrs.) simple Windegg-Eutte (6237'). We now 
 cross the glacier, here tolerably level, and mount the steep rocks of the 
 Thdltistock to the (iV-2 hr.) Trift But of the Swiss Alpine Club (8250'), 
 affording a good survey of the upper basin of the Trift Glacier. From 
 the club-hut over the Trift-Limmi (10,170') and the Rhone Glacier to the
 
 128 //. Route 37. SUSTEN PASS. 
 
 Furka (p. 117) or to the Grimsel Hospice (p. 176), 9 hrs. , fatiguing. — The 
 -Dammastock (11,910' ; splendid view) is ascended without very serious 
 difficulty from the club-hut in 4i/2-5 hrs. (guide from Meiringen , 40 fr. ; 
 descent bv the Rhone Glacier and Xagelisgratli to the Grimsel, 7 hrs.)- — 
 The Schneestock (11.667'; 5 hrs.), Thieralplistvck (11,140'; 5 hrs.). and Dieclder- 
 horn (11,120'; 4 hrs.) may also he ascended from the Trift Hut without 
 difficulty. — Passes to the Goschener- Alp over the WinterOerg Range 
 {Maasplankjoch^ Danima Pass, Wintei-joch), 8 hrs., difficult (comp. p. 110). 
 
 — Over the Tiefensattel (about 10,820*) and the Tiefen Glacier (p. 117) to 
 the Furka, 9 hrs., interesting, and in certain states of the snow not difficult. 
 
 — Interesting passes also cross the Furtwang- Sattel (8392') to Guttannen 
 (a steep ascent of 3 hrs. from the Windegg ; descent by the Steinhaus-Alp 
 to Guttannen in 2 hrs.), and the Stein-Limmi (8970') to the Stein-Alp. The 
 latter route leads from the Graggi-Eiitie, opposite the "Windegg on the 
 right side of the glacier, in 3 hrs. to the col. between the Giglistock and 
 
 Yordev-Tliierberg, and descends over the Stein-Limmi Glacier and round the 
 slopes of the Thaleggli to the (2 hrs.) Stein Inn (see below). By com- 
 bining the two last-named passes, a good walker may reach the Stein Inn 
 from Guttannen in a single day (11-12 hrs.). 
 
 The road crosses the Gadmenbach and ascends by Schaftelen to 
 (1 hr.) Unterfilren (3848'), where the beautiful Gadmenthal begins, 
 and (20 mill.) the village of Gadmen (3945'; Bar, moderate), consist- 
 ing of the hamlets of An der Egg, Biihl, and Obermatt. (Path over the 
 Sdtteli to the Engstlen-Alp, see p. 126.) The green valley with its 
 fine old maple-trees contrasts strikingly with the barren Gadmer 
 FLuh (see p. 126). To the E., on the slope of the Vratstocke (9545'), 
 lies the Wenden Glacier. 
 
 After a level stretch, the road ascends through wood in numer- 
 ous windings to the chalets of Feldmoos (4935'), and then traverses 
 a wild rocky region ('HoUe') to the (21/2 lirs.) Stein Inn (6122'), 
 at the foot of the huge Stein Glacier. 
 
 Over the Susten-Limjii to the G6schenee-Aip, 9 hrs., laborious (guide 
 from Meiringen 35 fr.). We ascend the slopes of the Thaleggli (on the W. 
 side of the Stein Glacier), cross the Stein-Limmi Glacier to the Thierhergli, 
 and traverse the ne've of the Stein Glacier to the Susten-Limmi (10.180'), 
 lying to the S.W. of the Gletscherhorn (11,457'). Descent over the Susten 
 Glacier to the Kehlen-Alp (7562') and across the Kehle Glacier to the Ein- 
 tere Rothe and Goschener-Alp (p. 109). — A similar pass is the Thierberg- 
 Limmi (about 10,500') : we cross the Stein Glacier to the Joch between 
 the Steinberg and the Einter-Thierberg, and descend the Kehle Glacier to 
 the (9 hrs.) Goschener-Alp. — Ascent of the Brunnenstock (11,520'), the 
 highest of the SustenMrnev, toilsome, but interesting, in 7 hrs. from 
 the Stein Inn (guide 30 fr.). 
 
 Over the Stein-Limmi to the Trift Glacier (5 hrs. to the Graggi Hut), see 
 above. Another route crosses the snow- saddle of Zwischen-Thierbergen 
 (about 9780'). between the Vorder- and the E^nter-Thierberg , to the (5-6 
 hrs.) Trifthiitte (p. 127). — To Engelberg over the Wendenjoch. see p. 121. 
 
 The bridle-path now ascends above the moraine , describing a 
 long circuit to the right (which a footpath cuts off), and overlooking 
 the grand Stein Glacier, environed by the Sustenhorner, Susten- 
 limmi, Gwiichtenhorn, Yorder- and Hinter-Thierberg, and Gigli- 
 stock, to the (11/4 hr.) Susten-Scheidegg (7420'), which affords an 
 admirable survey of the imposing mountains bounding the Meien- 
 thal on the N. and culminating in the Spannorter (p. 121). 
 
 The path, now uninteresting, winds down to the Meienbach, 
 a brook issuing from the Kalchthal, a wild gorge on the right, into
 
 ENTLEBUCH. Jl. Route 38. 129 
 
 which avalanches frequently fall from the Stilcklistock (10.855') 
 and the Sustenhorner (p. 128). Below us lie the Susten-Alp 
 [5767'), on the right, and the (1 hr.) Guferplatten-Alp (5725') on 
 the left. The path, now level, traverses the stony valley of the Meien- 
 Reuss, which consists here of several branches, and crosses the 
 brook twice. It next crosses the deep ravine of the (2/4 hr.) Gorez- 
 mettlenbach (5137'), and passes the Gorezmettlen - Alp . Several 
 brooks issue from the Ruttifirn on the right. 
 
 The first group of houses (20 min.) is Fdrnigen (4787'; Inn, 
 poor); then (40 min.) Meien (4330'; Inn above the chapel), con- 
 sisting of several hamlets (Ddrfli, Hiisen, etc.). Above Wasen we 
 pass the Meienschanz (3600'), an intrenchment erected in 1712 
 during the Religious War (p. 58) , and destroyed by the French 
 in 1799. Descending rapidly for a short distance, and crossing the 
 St. Gotthard Railway, we at length reach (1 hr.) Wasen (p. 105). 
 
 38. From Lucerne to Bern. Entlebuch. Emmenthal. 
 
 59 M. Railway in 21,4-4 lirs. (9 fr. 90, 6 fr. 95, 4 fr. 95 c.). 
 
 Lucerne^ see p. 73. — Near the Reuss bridge the train diverges 
 to the loft from the Ziirich line (p. 73), and passes through a 
 tunnel under the Zimmeregg, 1248 yds. long, into the broad dale of 
 the Kleine Emme. 3 M. Littau, at the base of the wooded Sonnenberg 
 (p. 77); 71/2 M. Malters (1693'; Kreuz), with a handsome church. 
 
 Road hence to (S'A 31.) Schwarzenberg (2760'; "Weisses Kreuz, pens. 
 inch R. 41/2-0 fr. ; "Kurhaus Matt, moderate), on the hill to the S., a 
 pleasant summer-resort. About 2 M. above it is the rustic Kurhaus Eigen- 
 thal{MJb'). in a sheltered situation. (Fine view of Lucerne and its lake 
 from the Wiivzenegg.) Hence to (6 M.) Kriens, via Herrgottswald, see p. 78. 
 
 From Schachen (see below), the old Kramegg Road leads past the (2 51.) 
 Farnbiihler Bad (2310'), a well-organised Knrhaus, with a spring impreg- 
 nated with iron and soda, and over the Bvamegg (3366') to (5 M.) Entlebuch. 
 
 Above Schachen (I72 M. from Malters) the valley contracts. 
 The train approaches the Emme, and crosses it near Werthenstein 
 (on the left), with its handsome old monastery, now a deaf-and- 
 dumb asylum. Beyond a short tunnel we reach (127-2 M.) WoW- 
 hausen (1873'; pop. 1661; RossUj Kreuz), a large village, divided 
 by the Emme into Wohlhausen-Wigg em on the left bank, and Wohl- 
 hausen-Markt opposite. — About 6 M. to the W., at the foot of the 
 Napf (see p. 130), lies the Kurhaus Menzberg (3314'), a health-resort. 
 
 We here enter the Entlebuch. a valley 15 M. long, with rich 
 pastures. The train recrosses the Emme and ascends the E. side 
 of the valley (several embankments and four tunnels). 
 
 171/2 M. Entlebuch (2225'; ^Hoteldu Port; DreiKonige; *Dr. 
 Kdgg's Pension i pop. 2720), a well-built village, picturesquely 
 situated. — Ascent of the Napf, see p. 130. 
 
 In the Entlenthal , on the W. side of the Schimherg (p. 130), 8 M. to 
 the S., is the Schimherg Bad (4677'), with an alkaline sulphur-spring. 
 Road from Entlebuch to (6 M.) the Entlenhviicke (Inn 'Zur Entlematt'), 
 thence by a good new road to the rii;ht (carr. to the bridge, 1-2 pera. . 
 5 fr., to the Baths, 1 pers. 10, 2 pers. 14. 3 pers. 18, 4 pars. 22 fr.) to the 
 
 Bakuskbk, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 9
 
 130 JI. Route 38. EMMENTHAL. 
 
 (3 M.) well-equipped *Kurhaus (pens. 7-8V'2 fr.). Close to the house are 
 pleasant wood-walks with charming views towards the N. ; and a good 
 path ascends in 1 hr. to the top of the ScMvibevg (5968') , which affords 
 an admirable panorama. Interesting longer excursions to (IV2 hr.) Heilig- 
 kreuz (see below); to the (2V2 hrs.) "Feuerstein (6700'), with fine view; 
 to the (21/2 hrs.) Schwendi-Kalthad (p. 123), etc. 
 
 The train crosses the rapid Entlenbach , which here falls into 
 the Emme. On the left lies the village of Hasle, prettily situated. 
 
 22 M. Schupfheim (2388'; pop. 2808; Adler; Rosslf), the 
 capital of the valley. About V2 ^- fro°i tlie station is the Bad and 
 Kurhaus ScJiupfheim, with a chalybeate spring containing iodine. 
 To the E. (11/2 lir.) is Heiligkreuz (3700'; rustic Inn'), a summer- 
 resort, with a fine view. 
 
 A road (diligence twice daily in I3/4 hr.^ carriage for one pers. 5, two 
 pers. 7 fr.) leads hence to the S. through the valley of the Kleine Emme, 
 the upper part of which is rocky and narrow, and past the (6 M.) pretty 
 village of Fluhli (2930'; *H6t.-Pens. Kreuzbuch), with a sulphur-spring, 
 to (41/2 M.) Sorenberg (38l2'-, *Inn), in the upper Emmenthal, or Marien- 
 thal. The '^Brienzer Rothhorn (p. 172) may be ascended hence by a new 
 and easy path in 3 hrs. 
 
 We now cross the Kleine Emme, which rises on the Brienzer 
 Kothhorn, and ascend the valley of the Weisse Emme to — 
 
 26 M. Escholzmatt (2815'; *Ldwe; Krone), a scattered village 
 (3086 inhab.), on the watershed between the Entlebuch and Em- 
 menthal; then descend to (29 M.) Wiggen (2600'; Eossli), follow 
 the right bank of the Ilfis , and reach (32Y2 M.) Trubschachen 
 (2396'), at the confluence of the Trubbach andllfls, the first village 
 in Canton Bern. 
 
 The 'Napf (4620'; 3i/2-4 hrs., guide unnecessary; ~Inn at the top, fre- 
 quented as a health-resort, pens. 5-6 fr.), to the N. of Trubschachen, 
 deserves a visit. A carriage-road leads via (2^/4 M.) Trub (2675'; Inn) to 
 (6 M.) Mettlen (3454'; carriage for 1 pers. to this point, 6 fr.), and a bridle- 
 path thence to the (^4 hr.) top of the Napf. whence there is a fine pano- 
 rama from the Sentis to the Dole, and a beautiful view of the Bernese 
 Alps. — From Entlebuch (p. 129) a road crosses the Grosse and the Kleine 
 Emme, to the W.; we then either follow the road by Dopleschwand to 
 (b 1:1. ) Ron 100 s (2592'; Inn), or reach it by a direct path in 1 hr. ; from 
 Eomoos a good bridle-path leads to the top in 21/2 hrs. more. — From 
 the Xapf a footpath, with an almost continuously fine view, leads via the 
 (2 hrs.) Lusshiitte (rustic inn), ih.& Liideren- Gdssli (B.o\e\ zu den Alpen, 
 moderate) and the Rafriiti (see below) to (4 hrs.) Langnau (guide convenient, 
 5-6 fr.}. 
 
 351/2 M. Langnati (2245'; pop. 7644 ; *Hirsch^ moderate ; *Ldwe ; 
 Bar ; Hot. Bahnhof; Hot. Emmenthal), a large and wealthy village, 
 the capital of the Emmenthal, a valley about 25 M. long, 10-12 M. 
 wide, watered by the Jlfis and the Grosse Emme, and one of the 
 most fertile in Switzerland. The cheese of the Emmenthal is much 
 esteemed; the carefully kept pastures, the fine breed of cattle, 
 and the neat dwellings with their pretty gardens bear witness to 
 the prosperity of the natives. 
 
 Railway to Burgdorf, see p. 17. — The Bageschtoand Eohe , 1 hr. to 
 the IsI^.W. , commands a fine view of the Emmenthal and the Alps; the 
 view from the Rafriiti (3950'), 21/4 hrs. to the N. , is still more extensive 
 (panorama by G. Studer). 
 
 Beyond Langnau the train crosses the Ilfls and the Emme. 38 M.
 
 SEETHAL. II. Route 39. 131 
 
 Emmenmatt, 40 M. Signau (2090'; Thurm; Bar), 44 M. Zdziwyl 
 (Krone), thriving villages. It then skirts the Hurnberg in a wide 
 curve to (46 M.) Konolfingen, 3 M. to the S.E. of which is the fre- 
 quented Schwendlenbad (2830'), surrounded hy fine woods. 481/2^- 
 Tdgertschi ; 51 M. Worh (Lowe ; Stern) , a large village with an 
 old Schloss. Pleasing view of the Stockhorn chain to the left. 
 
 From Worb a carriage-road runs to the E. to (2 M.) the frequented 
 watering-place of Enggistein (2264'), situated in a pleasant mountain-valley, 
 and (1 M. farther) the channini:;ly situated 'Riittihubelbad (2414'; un- 
 pretending and moderate), with a saline chalybeate spring and a good 
 view, especially fine from the Knorihubel (SO!^?'; 35 min.). Magnificent 
 views are also afforded by the Gummegg (3208'), reached via Walkringen 
 in IV2 hr., and by the Ballenbiihl, the W. summit of the Hurnberg, reached 
 via Schlosswyl in 13/4 hr, (descent to the station at Tdgertschi in 20 min.). 
 
 54 M. Gumlingen, junction of the Bern and Thun line (change 
 carriages for Thun, p. 141). Thence to (59 M.) Bern, see p. 141. 
 
 39. From Lucerne to Lenzburg fAarau/. The Seethal 
 Railway. 
 
 291/2 M. Steam Tkajiwat in 23/4-4 hrs.; 2nd cl. 4 fr. 85, 3rd cl. 3 fr. 
 30 c. — This 'Seethal Railway' from Emmenbriicke to Lenzburg offers a 
 pleasant tour, though dusty in summer. The gauge is that of the ordi- 
 nary railways, the carriages of which can run on this line. 
 
 From Lucerne to (21/2 M.) Emmenbriicke, see p. 21 ; here we 
 change carriages for the 'Seethalbahn', which diverges to the right. 
 
 4 M. Emmen (1410'; Stern), near the Reuss, on the right bank 
 of which, 1/2 ^^- to the E., is the old nunnery of Rathhausen, now 
 an asylum for poor children. We traverse the fertile Emmenboden 
 to (6M.) Waldibruck. The line quits the road, here unsuitable for 
 a tramway, and ascends, affording a fine view of the Rigi to the right, 
 to (8 M.) Esehtnbach (ioQO' ; Rossli; Lowe), with its large Cistercian 
 Abbey and valuable gravel -pits in the vicinity. (Diligence twice 
 daily in 40 min. to Gisikon, p. 72.) 
 
 Above Eschenbach the line rejoins the road, crosses at (91/2 M.) 
 BaUwyl (1693') the watershed between the Reuss and the Aa, and 
 descends into the Seethal, belonging partly to Lucerne and partly 
 to Aargau, one of the most fertile and attractive valleys in Central 
 Switzerland. This 'lake-valley', I8Y2 ^1- long, is bounded on the 
 E. by the long Lindenberg (2953') and on the W. by the Ehrlose 
 (2670') and the Eomberg (2595'), and in the middle of it lie the 
 pretty Baldegg Lake (or Obere See) and the larger Hallwyl Lake 
 (or TJntere See}, amidst pastures sprinkled with fruit-trees. 
 
 11 M. Hochdorf (1653' ; *Hirsch), a picturesque and prosperous 
 village, with beautiful pine-woods in the vicinity. 
 
 Excursions. On a hill to the E. (V2 hr.) is the cantonal deaf-and-dumb 
 a,sylum of Hohenrain (2014'), formerly a commandery of the knights of 
 St. John, with a fine view of the Alps. Thence in l>/2 hr. to Schloss Eor- 
 hen (2625'; p. 22), a health-resort, afl'ording a superb view to the N. and 
 E.; then to the P/z hr.) ruined castle of Lieli, another fine point of view, 
 to (>/2 hr.) Augsiholz (Hydropathic Establishment), and back to (V2 hr.) 
 llochdorf. The whole excursion may be made by carriage. 
 
 Q*
 
 132 JL Route 39. LENZBURG. 
 
 To the W. of Hoclidorf roads lead hj Romerswyl to (4 M.) Oierreinach^ 
 a ruined castle, with an admirable view of the Seethal and the Jura; by 
 the pilgrimage-shrine of Hildisrieden to the (5 M.) chapel commemorative 
 of the battle of Sempach (p. 20); and by Ursicyl to (3V2 M.) Rain, near 
 which is Oberbuchen (2133'), where we obtain a picturesque survey of 
 Pilatus and the Entlebuch Mts. 
 
 I2V2 M. Baldegg (Lowe) a pretty village with an old castle, 
 now a nunnery and gitls' school, lies at the S. E. end of the Bal- 
 degger See [1532'), a lake 3 M. long. Skirting the E. bank of the 
 lake, we next reach (15 M.) Oelfingen (Stern), where the culture 
 of the vine begins. On the right is the castle of Heidegg , and 
 3/4 M. to the N. is the pretty village of Hitzkirch (Kranz; Engel), 
 once a Teutonic commandery, with a seminary for teachers. 
 
 To the N. of Hitzkirch a road leads by Alticis and Aesch to (5 M.) 
 Fahrwangen (Bar) and. Meisterschwanden (Lowe; ""Pens. Seerose), two large 
 and nearly adjacent villages, where straw-plaiting is the chief industry 
 (see below) ; thence by Sarmensdorf, past Scfiloss Hilfikon, to Villmergen 
 and (5 M.) WoMen (p. 22). 
 
 Still running towards the N. W., the tramway now intersects 
 the fertile plain between the lakes of Baldegg and Hallwyl. I61/4M. 
 Richensee, with the ruins of the Grilnenburg, which was destroyed 
 in 1386, standing upon an enormous erratic block. 17 M. Ermensee, 
 a well-to-do village on the Aa. At (18 M.) Mosen the tramway 
 reaches the Hallwyler See (1383'), a lake 5V2 M. long and 11/4 M. 
 broad, and ascends on its W. bank to — 
 
 20 M. Beinwyl (1700'; 1G79 inhab.; Lowe), a busy, thriving 
 village with considerable cigar-manufactories, commanding a charm- 
 ing view of the lake. 
 
 Railway in 5 min. to (IV4 M.) Reinach (Bar) and in 9 min. to (2V2 M.) 
 Menziken (Stern), two industrial villages in the upper Winenthal. — A 
 pleasant excursion from Beinwyl is the ascent of the Eomlerg (2595'), 3/4 br. 
 to the i\ .W. ; beautiful view of the Alps and the Jura Mts. 
 
 The cars now run high above the lake to (211/4 M.) Birrwyl, 
 with its large factories, and descend thence to (2372 ^•) Boniswyl 
 (Rail. Restaurant), a busy wine- trading place. 
 
 To Fahewangen diligence twice daily in 1 hour. The road leads past 
 the handsome old chateau of Hallwyl, the ancestral seat of the distin- 
 guished family of that name, to (IV2 M.) Seengen (Bar), a large village, 
 with the burial-vaults of the Hallwyl family. About 1/2 M. to the S. E. 
 is the Brestenberg Hydropathic, formerly a chateau of Hans Rudolf v. 
 Hallwyl, built in 1625, prettily situated among vineyards at the N. end 
 of the Lake of Hallwyl. From Brestenberg we follow the E. bank to 
 Tennwyl, Meisterschwanden, and (- J'--) Fahrwangen (see above). 
 
 241/2 M. Niederhallwyl-Durrendsch ; 25^/2 M. Seon (Stern), a 
 large manufacturing village (1794 inhab.). 
 
 291/2 M. Lenzburg (1300'; 2501 inhab.,- *Krone; Lowe), a busy 
 little town on the Aa, with the large cantonal prison. On a hill 
 above the town, to the E., stands the old ScMoss Lenzburg (1663'; 
 Frau Dr. Wedekind's Pens, and restaurant; fine view). Opposite, 
 to the W., rises the Staufberg (1710'). 
 
 From Lenzburg to Aarau and Baden, see p. 22.
 
 III. BERNESE OBERLAND. 
 
 40. Bern 134 
 
 Enge; Gurtcn ; Zimmerwald, 140. 
 
 41. From Bern to Thun 141 
 
 Environs of Thun ; the Gurnigelbad, 142, 143. 
 
 42. The Nieseii 143 
 
 43. From Thun to Interlaken. Lake of Thun 144 
 
 a. Thunersee Railway 144 
 
 b. Steamboat -Tourney 145 
 
 Sigriswyl , 146. — St. Eeateuberg. Amisljiihel ; Gem- 
 menalphorn, 146, 147. — Eeatushoble, 147. 
 
 44. Interlaken and Environs 148 
 
 Heimwehiluh; Harder; Schynige Platte; Habkernthal; 
 Hohgant; Augstmatthorn; Abendberg; Saxetenthal ; 
 Suleig, 150-153. 
 
 45. From Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen. Staubbach . . 154 
 
 From Zweiliitscliinen to Isenfluh and Miirren, 154. 
 
 46. Upper Lauterbrunnen-Thal. Miirren. Schmadribach 156 
 
 Schilthorn, 157. — The Sefinenthal. From Miirren to 
 the Obere Steinberg, 157. — From Lauterbrunnen over 
 the Sefinenfurgge to the Kientbal, and over the Diinden- 
 grat to Kandersteg, 159. — From Lauterbrunnen over the 
 j Tschingel Pass to Kandersteg, 159. — From Lauter- 
 
 brunnen over the Petersgrat to the Lotschenthal, 159. — 
 Wetterliicke, Schmadrijocb, Lauinenthor, Roththal- 
 Sattel, and Kbnetluhjoch, 160. 
 
 47. From Interlaken to Grindelwald. Wengernalp . . . 160 
 
 .Jungfrau •, Silberborn, 162. — Mettlenalp 5 Guggihiitte, 
 162. — Lauberhorn; Tschuggen, 163. — From Grindel- 
 wald over the Eismeer to Zasenberg. Mannlichen ; 
 Mettenberg ; Schreckhorn ; Monch ; Eiger, 165. — From 
 Grindelwald over the Strahlegg and the Finsteraarjoch 
 or Lauteraarjoch to the Grimsel Hospice, 165. — From 
 Grindelwald over the .Tungfraujoch, Monchjoch, Eiger- 
 joch, and Fiescherjoch to the Eggishorn, 166. 
 
 48. The Faulhorn 166 
 
 Rothihorn ;Schwarzhorn, 168. — From the Schynige Platte 
 to the Faulhorn, 168. 
 
 49. From Grindelwald to Meiringen. Baths of Rosenlaui. 
 Falls of the Keichenbach 168 
 
 Wetterhorn •, Berglistock, 168. — Rosenlaui Glacier, 
 169. — Dc^ssenhiitte; Wetterlimmi , 170. — Gorges of 
 the Aare and the Alpbach-, Hasliberg; Hohenstollen, 171. 
 
 50. From Meiringen to Interlaken. Lake of Brienz . . . 172 
 
 Brienzer Rothhorn, 172. — Road from Brienz to Inter- 
 laken, 173. 
 
 51. The Giessbach 173 
 
 Enge ; Axalp ; Hinterburg-See, 174. — Ascent of the 
 Faulhorn from the Giessbach, 174. — From the Gieas- 
 bach to Interlaken, 174.
 
 134 III Route 40. BERN. Hotels. 
 
 52. From Meiringen to the Rhone Glacier. Grimsel . . 174 
 
 Urbach-Thal 5 Gauli Pass ; Berglijoch; Dossenhutte, 175. 
 — Kleine Siedelhorn; Unteraar Glacier; Dollfus Pavil- 
 ion; Ewigschneehorn ; Finsteraarhorn , 177. — From the 
 Grimsel over the Oberaarjoch or the Studerjoch to 
 Fiesch, 178. 
 
 53. From Spiez to the Gemmi and Leuk 179 
 
 From Spiez to Aeschi and Miihlenen. Renggli Pass; 
 Morgenberghorn ; Schwalmern, 179. — Kicnthal ; Gamchi 
 liicke ; Btittlassen : Gapaltenhorn ; Wilde Frau, 180. — 
 The Blaue See, 180. — Oeschinen-See; Bliimlisalp ; 
 Doldenhorn; Friindenhorn; Diindenhorn, 181. — Balm- 
 horn ; Altels, 182. — Excursions from Bad Leuk ; Torrent- 
 horn, etc., 184, 
 
 54. The Adelboden Valley 185 
 
 Excursions and ascents from Adelboden. Bonderspitz. 
 Elsighorn. Albrist. Gsiir. Lohner. Wildstrubel etc. 
 From Adelboden to the Lenk via the Hahnenmoos; to 
 Kandersteg via the Bonderkrinden or the Allmen-Grat; 
 to Schvrarenbach via the Engstligen-Grat, 185, 186. 
 
 55. From Gampel to Kandersteg. Lotschen Pass ... 186 
 
 Hohgleifen; Bietschhorn, 187. — From Ried to Leuk 
 over the Ferden Pass, the Gitzi-Furgge, the Resti Pass, 
 the Faldum Pass, or the Niven Pass, 187. 
 
 56. From Thun to Sion over the Rawyl 188 
 
 Source of the Simme,lS8. — The Oberlaubhorn; Miilker- 
 blatt ; Iffigensee; Wildhorn; Rohrbachstein; Wildstru- 
 bel, 189. — From Lenk to Gsteig, Saanen, and Leuk, 189. 
 
 57. From Thun to Saanen through the Simmenthal . . 190 
 
 From Latterbach to Matten through the Diemtiger 
 Thai, 191. — Stockhorn, 191. — Bad Weissenburg; over 
 the Gantrist Pass to the Gurnigelbad, 191. — From 
 Reidenbach to Bulle, 191. — From Saanen to Chateau 
 d'Oex, 192. 
 
 40. Bern. 
 
 Hotels. *Beeneehof (PI. a; C, 5), adjoining the Federal Hall, R. & A. 
 4-5, D. 5 fr. ; -Bellevce (PI. b ; D, 5), R., L., & A. 31/2-41/2, D. 4fr.; both these 
 command a view of the Alps. *Schweizeehop (PI. c; C, 4), near the station, 
 R.. L., & A. 31/2, D. 41/2 fr.; -Fadcon (PI. d; D, 4), Marktgasse, R. & L. 31/2, 
 D. 31/2 fr. — -Hotel de France (PL g; G, 3, 4), R., L., & A. 8, D. 3 fr.; 
 Hotel du Jdka (PL h; B, 4), R., L., & A. 21/2-81/2 fr. ; Hiesch (PL i; C, 4), 
 these three near the station. — In the tovtn : *PFiSTERN(^(5<eZ des Boulangers, 
 Pl.k; E, 4), near the clock-tower; -Stoech (PL 1; C, 4), *Lowe (PL m; 
 
 C, 4), both moderate; Mohr (PL n; F, 4); Schmieden iMarichatix, PL p; 
 
 D, 4); Hotel-Pension Ruof (PL e; G, 4), Waisenhaus-Platz ; *Sternen 
 (PL u; C, 3), Aarbergergasse, plain, R. 2-21/2, D. 3 fr. ; *H6tel zd Webekn 
 (JIdt. des Tisserands; PL q; D, 4) and Hotel zd Zimmeeleuten (PL t; 
 D, 4), both in the Marktgasse ; these last all moderate. — Unpretending : 
 ScHLUssEL (PL r : E, 4) ; *Bae, near the station, R. 2V2-3. D. 3 fr. ; Wilder 
 Mann (PL s; C, 3, 4), Aarberger Str., R. 2, B. IV4, I>. 3fr. ; Emmenthalee 
 Hof, Neue Gasse; Keeuz, Zeughausgasse, moderate, — *Pens. Heeter 
 (PL 0; F, 4), well situated, near the cathedral ; Pens. Schanzenbeeg, near 
 the Schanzli; *Pens. Jolimont, Anssere Enge (I1/2 M. ; p. 140), with tine 
 view (5-6 fr.); Pension & Restadkant Sculoss Beemgaeten, prettily sit- 
 uated on a peninsula in the Aare, 21/4 M. to the 1^1. (road via Felsenau) ;
 
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 Baths. BERN. III. Route 40. 135 
 
 Pens. Victokia (5-6 fr.), on the Schanzli (p. 140), for invalids •, '-Pens. Hug, 
 in the Mattenhof, 1/4 M. from the town (for surgical cases). 
 
 Cafes and Restaurants. ''Rail. Restaurant., D. 2V2 fr. ; "Cafi Casino 
 near the Federal Hall, terrace with view of the Alps ; "Restaurant Castani., 
 in the Museum (p. 138); Ca/^ Berna; Gaf6 Sternwarte, on the 'Grosse 
 Schanze' (PI. B, 3) ; Caf4 du Thidtre; Schwellenmdtteli, on the Aare; Miitzen- 
 t>erg., Kesslergasse, moderate. At the W. pavilion on the Miinster- Terra sse 
 Cp. 137) refreshments are sold after 1 p.m. (Sundays after 4 p.m.) \ music 
 occasionally in the evening, and on Sun. 11-12 a.m. — Outside the town : 
 Cafe Schdmli (p. 140), beyond the railway-bridge (1/2 M.), on the lofty right 
 bank of the Aare (concert or summer-theatre daily); ' Cafi in the Enge 
 (p. 140), 1 M. from the Aarberg Gate; Schloss Bremgarien, 2'/4 M. to the N. 
 (see above). — Beer, Krone, Gerechtigkeitsgasse; ''Cafe National, Bciren, 
 delta Casa. Schauplatzgasse: ~Caf^ Rhyn, Baren-Platz ; Caf^ du Pont, Cafi 
 Sternwarte (see ahove). Bernese beer: Hahnen; '^'Cafi Ca.s.«am, Biiren-Platz; 
 Stadtjarten, Neuengasse. 
 
 Confectioner. O. Siroehel-Durheim, Bahnhofs-Platz. 
 
 Alpine Boots. Biihrer, Spitalgasse; Scheidegger, Waiscnhaus-Platz. — 
 Cognac, Madeika, etc. at Bemme'^s, Aarziel. 
 
 Zahnd's Museum of Alpine animals , Untere Alpenegg, Enge-Str. 10 
 (PI. B, 2; to the left of the railway-bridge, on the way to the Enge), worth 
 seeing (open daily 9-12 and 2-6, 1 fr. ; Sun. 1/2 fr.). — Diorama of the 
 Bliimlisalp, Bundesgasse (50 c). 
 
 Baths. Biirki Bad (swimming bath) at the Holz-Platz, in the Aarziel 
 (PI. C, D, 6; cable- tramway, see p. 138). River Baths (Laufenegg Bad) below 
 the small Xydeck Bridge, by the 'Pelikan' (PI. G, 3), and in the Altenberg- 
 bad. Water of the Aare very cold (65-680 F.). Sicimming Baths (also warm 
 baths) in the Lorraine, 8 min. from the Schanzli (p. 140; water T7-810F.). 
 — Warm Baths (Turkish, etc.) at Biichler s ; Frickbad, below the Miinster- 
 Terrasse. 
 
 Cabs. One-horse, for V* ^^- 1-2 pers. 80c., 3-4 pers. Ifr. 20c.; each 
 additional V* ^r. 40 or 60c. Two-horse: same fares as for 3-4 pers. with 
 one horse. Box 20 c, small articles free. From 10 p.m. to 6 a.m., double 
 fares. Whole day, i.e. over 8hrs., 1-2 pers. 15fr., 3-4 pers. 20fr. 
 
 Tramway (moved by compressed air) from the Bears'Den through the 
 chief street to the railway station, and thence on to the 'Linde'(Bremgarten 
 Cemetery; fares 10-20 c.) and back. Omnibus from the Kiitigthurm to 
 Wabern"(p. 140). 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office (PI. 15), near the station. Branch-office in 
 the Kramgassc, at the old post-office. 
 
 Theatres. Schanzli Theater (p. 141), daily in summer, 8 p.m. ; 3. 2, 1, 
 V2 fr. — Stadt Theater (PI. 19; I>, E, 4), closed in summer. 
 
 British Minister, F. R. St. John, Wallgasse 2; office-hmirs ll-l. — 
 American Minister, James 0. Broadhead; Vice -Consul J. E. Hinnen, 
 Hirschengraben 6. — English Church Service in the Hall of the Lorber 
 Schule, Naegeliga.sse 2 (10.30 a.m.; evening services at 5 p.m. during tlie 
 summer months and at 4 p.m. in the winter months). 
 
 Official Intelligence Bureau (Verkehrsbureau), Laupen-Str. 1, furni.-^hcs 
 information gratis as to sights, excursions, etc. 
 
 Attractions. Visit the 'Kleine Schanze' and the Federal Council 
 Hall ; then the Kirchenfeldbriicke and the Cathedral (Munster-Terras<!e and 
 Erlach Monument); follow the Kreiizgasse to the Rathhaus; across the 
 Nydeckbriicke to the Bears' Den; return past the Zeitglockthurm to the 
 Corn Market, and cross the Waisenhaus-Platz to the mu.<eums ; lastly cross 
 the railway-bridge to the Schanzli and then return to the station. 
 
 Bern (1765'), the (capital of Canton Bern, with 47,151 Inhab. 
 (including its extensive suburbs), has been the seat of the Swiss 
 government since 1848. Founded by Duke Berthold V. of Zahrin- 
 gen in 1191, the town became independent of the Empire in 1218. 
 By 1288 its powers had so increased that it warded off two sieges by
 
 136 III. Route 40. BERN. Rathhaw. 
 
 Rudolph of Hapsburg, and in 1339 the Bernese overthrew the 
 Burgundian nohles at the battle of Lanpen (p. 203). In 1353 Bern 
 joined the Confederation, and in 1528 the citizens embraced the 
 reformed faith. In 1415 they conquered part of Aargau, and in 
 1536 they wrested the Pays de Vaud from the princes of Savoy; but 
 in 1798 they were deprived of these territories. 
 
 The city, in a striking situation, is built on a peninsula of sand- 
 stone-rock, formed by the Aare, which flows 100' below. Most of 
 the broad principal streets run from E. to W. Those in the old 
 part of the town are flanked with arcades (Lauben), which form a 
 covered way for foot-passengers. One of the chief characteristics 
 of Bern consists in its numerous fountains, most of them dating 
 from the 16th cent., adorned with statues of every variety (Samson, 
 Themis, an Archer, a Bagpiper, an Ogre, etc.). In other respects 
 also Bern still retains more mediaeval features than any other large 
 town in Switzerland. 
 
 The chief artery of traffic is a series of broad streets , called 
 the Spitalgasse, the Marktgasse, the Kramgasse, and the Gerechtig- 
 keitsgasse, which extend from the Obere Thor (PI. B, 4) to the Ny- 
 deck Bridge (PI. G, H, 4), a distance of nearly a mile. In this 
 street are situated the Kdpgthurm (PI. 20), now a prison, and the 
 Zeitglockenthurm (PI. 21 ; E, 4), once the E. gate of the town, 
 but now its central point, rebuilt in 1770, and recently decorated 
 with frescoes. On the E. side is a curious clock, which announces 
 the approach of each hour by the crowing of a cock , while 2 min. 
 before the hour a troop of bears marches in procession round a sit- 
 ting figure. Being the heraldic emblem of Bern, the bear frequently 
 recurs. Thus, on the neighbouring Bdrenbrunnen (PI. 2), Bruin 
 appears with shield, sword, banner, and helmet. Two bears also 
 support a shield in the pediment of the Corn Hall (PL 12), a hand- 
 some building, which down to 1830 always contained a store of corn 
 to be used in case of famine (wine-cellar below, much frequented ; 
 the largest cask contains about 8800 gal.). On the first floor is the 
 cantonal Industrial Museum (collection of samples and models, open 
 10-12 and 2-4, Sun. 10-12, gratis). The Kornhaus-Platz is embell- 
 ished with the grotesque Kindlifresser-Brunnen {Ogre Fountain ; 
 PI. 3; D, 4),- the ogre is about to devour a child, while other in- 
 nocents protrude from his pocket and girdle. 
 
 At the E. end of the opposite Metzgergasse are the modern 
 Old Catholic Church (PI. 11), in the Romanesque- Gothic style, 
 designed by Deperthes of Rheims, and the cantonal Rathhaus or 
 Town Hall (PL 16; F, 4), erected in 1406, and restored in 1868, 
 approached by a handsome flight of steps , and adorned with the 
 arms of the Bernese districts. 
 
 In the Postgasse, a little farther to the right, is the interesting 15th 
 century Chapel of St. Anthony. The doors on the S. side, the unfinished 
 apse , and the crypt on the N. side , in the Postgasshalde , should be 
 noticed, as also the frescoes in the carpenter's shop on the 1st floor.
 
 Cathedral. BERN. III. Route 40. 1 37 
 
 The keys may be obtained on application to Mr. Zbinden, Postgasse 66. 
 (If sufficient funds can be raised, it is proposed to restore this chapel as 
 an Eiiglirih cliurch.) 
 
 The *Cathedral, or Munster (PL E, F, 4, 5), a fine late-Gothic 
 structure, 93 yds. long, 37 yds. broad , and 76' high , was begun 
 in 1421, completed in 1598, and restored in 1850. Round the whole 
 of the roof runs a beautiful oipen Balustrade, the design of which is 
 different between each pair of buttresses. The W. Portal is remark- 
 ably fine; the sculptures represent the Last Judgment; in the 
 outer arches are Christ, above, with the Virgin and John the Baptist 
 on the left and right, and the Twelve Apostles ; in the inner (small- 
 er) arches are the Prophets and the Wise and Foolish Virgins. 
 The unfinished Tower, 134' high, is now to be finished from plans 
 of the German architect Beyer. 
 
 Interior (adm. 20c.)- The Choir contains Stained Glass of 1496, one 
 window representing the dogma of Transubstantiation , another the Life 
 of Christ. The Choir Stalls (1522) are adorned on one side with Apos- 
 tles, on the other with Prophets. A monument with the armorial bearings 
 of Berthold von Zdhringen , the founder of Bern (see p. 135), was erected 
 by the city in 1600. Another in memory of the magistrate Friedrich von 
 Steiger, bears the names of the 702 Bernese who fell on 5th 3Iarch, 1798, 
 at the Grauholz , 6 M. to the N. of Bern , in an engagement with the 
 French. In front of this is a Pieta in marble, by Tscharner (1870). The 
 organ rivals that of Freiburg (performance four times weekly in summer 
 at 8-, tickets, 1 fr., at the hotels or from the verger or 'Sigrist'). 
 
 The Platz in front of the cathedral is adorned with an Equestrian 
 Statue of Rudolph von Erlaeh (PL 6), the victor at Laupen (p. 203), 
 in bronze, designed by Volmar of Bern, and erected in 1848, with 
 bears at the corners, and inscriptions and trophies on the pedestal. 
 
 The *Catliedral Terrace (^Mi'mster-Terrasse ; PL F, 5), rising 
 abruptly 110' above the Aare, formerly the churchyard, is now a 
 shady promenade with seats , adorned with a bronze statue of Ber- 
 thold von Zdhringen (PL 7; p. 135), designed by Tscharner, with 
 Bruin as a helmet-bearer. The view from this terrace, as indeed 
 from every open space in Bern, is justly celebrated. In clear weather 
 the panorama of the Bernese Alps witnessed here is more extensive 
 than from any other spot in the Oberland. 
 
 ■'Views. The most important mountains are marked in the annexed 
 Panorama. From other points (the Miinz-Terrasse, Casino-Garden, Bundes- 
 Rathhaus, Kleine Schanze, Cafe Schiinzli, and the Enge outside the Aar- 
 berger Thor) the following mountains are also visible : — To the right of 
 the Doldenhorn, the Balmhorn (12,180') with the Altels (ILgSC; 37 M. 
 distant), and over the Gurten, the bell-shaped summit of the Stockhorn 
 (7195'; 18 M.) ; also, to the extreme left, the peaks of the Spamwrter {iQ,bVb':, 
 53 M.) and the Schlossherg (10,280'; 54 31.), both in the canton of Uri ; the 
 crest of the Bduchlen near Escholzmatt (5810'; 24 M.), and the Feuerstein 
 above the Entlebuch (6700'; 30 M.). 
 
 These mountains present a sublime spectacle at sunset in fine weather, 
 especially when the W. horizon is partially veiled with thin cloiids, and 
 the phenomenon called the ALPENGLf hen ('Glow of the Alps') is produced. 
 Long after the shadows have fallen upon the valleys, and the lingering 
 rays of the setting sun have faded from the snowy peaks themselves, the 
 mountains begin to glow from their bases upwards, as if illumined by a 
 bright internal fire.
 
 138 in. Route 40. BERN. Hi stor. Museum. 
 
 The Historical Museum (PI. 14; E, 5; Tues. and Sat. 3-5, Sun. 
 1072-1'^; at other times 1 pers. 1 fr. ; for 2-5 pers. 50 c. each) eon- 
 tains archseological and historical collections , Including antiquities 
 from lake-dwellings and tomhs, Swiss implements of the flint, bronze, 
 and iron periods, ancient weapons from the arsenal of Bern, valuable 
 Burgundian tapestry, the fleld-altar of Charles the Bold, enriched 
 with gilding and precious stones (captured at Grandson), etc. 
 
 Adjoining the museum, on the S., is the University (PI. 22; 
 5-600 students), founded in 1834; on the N. side is the Town Li- 
 brary (PL 1 ; open on week-days 2-4 p.m. to those accompanied 
 by one of the library officials) , containing numerous histories of 
 Switzerland ; and the University Library. 
 
 To the S., the *Kirclienfeldbrucke (PI. E, 5; splendid view), a 
 huge iron bridge built in 1882-83, 751' long, 115' above the Aare, 
 crosses the Aare to the Helvetia-Platz in the Kirchenfeld, where a 
 new quarter of the town is being erected. On the S. side of the 
 square the new Swiss National Museum is now under construction. 
 
 The best view of the bridge is obtained from the Munzterrasse 
 (PI. 13), immediately above it, on the left bank. To the W., in 
 the Inselgasse, is the New Bundes-Rathliaus (PI. D, 5), a palatial 
 building erected in 1888-92 from Auer's designs, resembling the 
 Altes Bundes-Rathhaus, but of larger dimensions, destined for the 
 departments of war and agriculture. — In the Casino-Platz (PI. C, 6), 
 to the right, is the Museum, a club (introduction by a member), with 
 a facade adorned with statues of celebrated Bernese by Dorer. 
 
 In the Bundesgasse, on the left, rises the *rederal Council 
 Hall [Altes Bundes-Rathhaus, PI. C, 5), a handsome edifice in the 
 Florentine style, 400' long and 165' broad, designed by Stadler and 
 Studer, and completed in 1857 (porter on the right of the principal 
 entrance ; entrance free). The sittings of the two legislative assem- 
 blies, usually held in July and Dec, are open to the public. The 
 debates, which are generally very keen, are in German or French. 
 Rulings of the president, motions, resolutions, etc., are announced 
 in both languages. On the third floor is a collection of antiquities 
 from lake-dwellings and another of coins (adm. daily 10-12 and 
 2-4). The roof (75 ft. high) commands the most extensive *View 
 in Bern, 
 
 In front of the Bundes Rathhaus is a fountain-figure of Berna, 
 in bronze, on a pedestal adorned with figures of the four Seasons. 
 
 Between the Council Hall and the Eernerhof is a Cable Tramway, 360' 
 long (gradient 3: 10), opened in 1885, which descends to the hathing establish- 
 ments in the Aarziele (p. 135). Trains every 5 min.; fare 10 c. 
 
 To the W. of this point, passing the Bernerhof , a few paces 
 bring us to the promenades on the *Kleine Schanze (PI. B, C, 5), 
 which affords a superb survey of the Bernese Alps (comp. p. 137 ; 
 Panorama by Imfeld), with the Aarethal and the Kirchenfeldbriicke 
 in the foreground and the town to the left. In the grounds is a 
 bust of Niggeler, the 'Turnvater' (promoter of gymnastics).
 
 Kunst' Museum. BERN. III. Rotite 40. 139 
 
 The Kunst -Museum in the Waisenhaus-Str. (PI. C, 3), a fine 
 Renaissance building, contains the municipal Picture Gallery 
 (50 c, daily 9-12 and 2-5; Sun. IOV2-I2 gratis). 
 
 On the Ground Floor are two rooms to the left containing sculptures 
 and casts (1st: Imhof., Atalanta, Eve, Hagar and Ishmael ; Tscharner, Pieta; 
 Lanz, General Dufour. 2nd : Casts from the antique). — The vestibule 
 of the Upper Floor contains statues of Rebecca, Miriam, Ruth, and 
 David, by Imhof; busts of Bianca Capello and of an Arab sheikh, after 
 Marcello (p. 204) ; Burnand, Herd leaving the mountain-pasture. On the left, 
 three cabinets with early German, Italian and Netherlandish pictures. — 
 Room I. (left) 241. Castan , The first snow on the Oeschinen Lake^ 190. 
 Dietler, Children from OberhasH; 152. Pixis, Huss parting from bis friends; 
 246. Ruedisillili., Deserted Castle; *147. Veilloii, Spring morning on tlie 
 Lake of Brienz; 167. Humbert, Cattle crossing a river; 133. E. Girardet, 
 Going to school; Bocion, Fishing-boat near St. Saphorin; 175. D''Orschwiller, 
 Ape concert ; 198. D. Meyer , Girl from the Simmenthal ; 160. F. Diday, 
 Chalet in the Bernese Oberland; Schrader, Abdication ofEmp. Henry IV. ; 
 *2ol. Staebli, Landscape in the canton of Ticino ; 141. A. de Meuron, 
 Chamois-hunter ; Massarani , Interior of a harem ; Steffan , Alpine lake ; 
 189. Dietler^ Children of Iseltwald; Aerni., Italian street scene. — II. Room. 
 202. Frolicher, Handegg ; 226. Bucfiser, Among the waves ; *153. Anker. The 
 examination; ~lt2. Roller, Cow and calf in the mountains; 142. A. de 
 Meuron, The dying husband; 157. A. Calame, Waterfall near Meiringen; 
 185. Moritz, The husband in the tavern; 201. Frijlicher, Bavarian landscape; 
 218. K. Girardet. Hay -making in the Bernese Oberland; '165. Vautier, 
 Saying grace; 168. Simon, On the road; 138. Ritz, Engineers among tlie 
 mountains; 280. Fanart., Wooded valley in the Jura; 173. Preller, Sea 
 piece; 154. Anker, The dead friend. — III. Room. 22i:. Zimmei'mann, Arolln. 
 Glacier; 197. Harrer, Olevano; /. Girardet, Lake shore; Jeanmaire, Pine 
 wood; 146. K. Girardet, Battle of Morat ; 215. P. Robert, Echo; Castan, 
 Wood near Colombier; 143. A. de Meuron, Summer; 185. WaltTiard, Skir- 
 mish in the Grauholz: 145. Zelger , Putting in the horses; 174. Potter, 
 Evening hmdscape in Italy; *161. Diday, Valley of Lauterbrunnen ; "Bach- 
 mann. Going to baptism in winter; 195. Ziind, Forest landscape in autumn; 
 199. Tobler, Checkmate; Veillon , Tombs of the Khalifs; 240. Giron, The 
 model; 223. Friscfiing, Iseltwald; Arthur Calame, Sunrise near the Lake of 
 Geneva. — Room IV. Eherle, Jforning at a Bavarian Alp; 193. Snell, Fall 
 of the Schmadribach ; 158. Steffan, Scene near Meiringen; 156. Al. Calame, 
 Scene near the Handegg; 131. E. Girardet, Love-suit; 164. Provost, Wood 
 near the Great Scheidegg; 200. Millner, Bavarian Alp. — Cabinkt V. (right) 
 182. Schuler, Scene at the siege of Strassburg 1870; 127. L. Robert, Italian 
 woman (study) ; 163. George, Landscape near Geneva. — Cabinets VI. and 
 VII. Early Swiss paintings, water-colours, drawings, etc. 
 
 Opposite is the Natural History Museum (PI. C, 3; in summer, 
 Tues. and Sat. 2-5, and Sun. 10'/2-12, free; on other days, 8-6, 
 adm. 1 fr. ; for 2-6 pers., 50 c. each, larger parties 3 fr.). 
 
 To the right on the ground-floor is the Collection of Minerals , which 
 includes some magnificent crystals (rock-crvstal , smokv topaz from the 
 Tiefen Glacier on the Furka, p. 117). Bust of B. Sluder {A. 1887). To the 
 left, Fossils. *Relief of the Bernese Oberland by Ed. Beck. — On the llrst 
 door is the Zoological Collection. On the staircase is a group of chamois. 
 In the central saloon, with ceiling-frescoes by Baldancoli, are large rumi- 
 nants. In the room on the left, birds and eggs. In the room on the right, 
 mammalia. Adjacent a small room devoted to the Swiss fauna. — On the 
 2nd floor, to the left, amphibia, fish, and marine animals; to the right, 
 conchylia, crabs, and insects. 
 
 Adjoining the Museum on theE. is the large new School Buildinc/ 
 (PI. C, 3), accommodating the Gymnasium and Commercial School, 
 — To the W. of the town, in the Freiburger Strasse, is the new
 
 140 III. Route 40. BERN. Schmzli. 
 
 Inselspital, a hospital admirably equipped for the treat meiit of 330 
 patients. — In the *Grosse Sehanze. above the station to the W. 
 (PI. A, B,3,4), with promenades and extensive view, are the Observ- 
 atory, the Head Offices of the Jura-Simplon Railway, the Maternity 
 Hospital, and a bust of President Stdmpfli [d. 1879). 
 
 Crossing the i?aikt'flt/JBric/gre (p. 17), at theN.W. end of the town, 
 we pass the Botanic Garden (PI. D, 2) , with a bust of Albert 
 von Haller, and reach (1/2 M.) the *Schanzli (Pl.D, E, 2 ; Cafe and 
 Sumnier Theatre, p. 135 ; adm. for non-customers 50 c), with a terrace 
 and grounds commanding the finest view near Bern. In the fore- 
 ground lies the picturesque city; above it rises the wooded Gurten; 
 to the left are the Bernese Alps, and to the right the Stockhorn chain, 
 adjoined by the Freiburg Mts. ; to the extreme W. is the Moleson. 
 
 The large Military Depot of Canton Bern, in the Beundenfeld 
 beyond the Schanzli , erected in 1874-78 at a cost of 41/9 million 
 francs, comprises an arsenal, offices, stables with riding-schools, 
 and a large barrack. The Arsenal contains large stores of weapons, 
 and in the 'Antiquitatensaal' are various curiosities (fee). 
 
 On the E. side of Bern the Aare is crossed by the handsome 
 Nydeck Bridge (PL G, H, 5), in three arches, built in 1844 by K. 
 E. Miiller. The central arch has a span of 165', and is 100' high. 
 On the right bank of the Aare is the Bears' Den (Bdrengraben'), where 
 Bruin is maintained, according to immemorial usage, at the cost of 
 the municipality. Bread and fruit are the only offerings permitted. 
 — From this point the Thuner Stalden, a handsome avenue of 
 plane-trees, affording a fine view of the town, ascends to the right, 
 whence we may return to the [20 min.) centre of the town by the 
 Marien - Strasse, and the Kirchenfeldbriicke (p. 138). 
 
 To the N., 1 M. from the Aarberg Gate, on the left bank of the Aare, 
 past the Deer and Chamois Park, is the *Enge, a large peninsula nearly 
 surrounded by the Aare, rising high above it, and commanding an ad- 
 mirable view. The finest point is the cafe (p. 135), surrounded by pleasant 
 shady grounds and adjoined by the beautiful Bremgarten Forest. 
 
 The view from the *Gurten (2825'-, Inn), a long hill to the S. of Bern, 
 embraces, besides the Bernese Alps (p. 137), the Stockhorn chain, the Frei- 
 burg Alps , the Jura for a distance of 100 31., with parts of the Lake of 
 Xeuchatel: and, to the left, the Unterwald and Lucerne Mts. as far as Pi- 
 latus. The road from Bern to the (4 31.) Gurten, leads through the Aarziel 
 to the Cafi Schonegg and (IV2 M.) Wahern. from both of which points 
 paths also ascend to the top. On the hillside are the Bdchtelen and Vic- 
 toria asylums for deserted children. 
 
 Above Belp (p. 148), 5 M. to the S. of Bern, lies Zimmerwald (2815'; 
 Hot.-Pens. Beau-Sejour), charmingly situated, and (4 M. farther) BUtschelegg 
 (3470'; Inn), with an extensive view. — During a longer stay, excursions 
 may be undertaken to the Baniiger (3113'; 4 hrs.), to the Belpherg (:3592'; 
 43/4 hrs.), and to the FalUnfluh (3410'; 4 hrs., see p. 141).
 
 141 
 41. From Bern to Thun. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 148. 
 19'/2 31. Railway (Centralbahn) in 1 hr. (3 fr. 35, 2 fr. 36, 1 fr. 70 c). 
 View to the right as far as Miinsingen; thence to Uttigen on the left. 
 
 — Through-trains from Bern to Jnttrlaken (Thunersee Railway, p. 144). 
 Travellers preferring the steamboat journey descend at the station of Thrm- 
 8ee (formerly Scherzligen), 1/2 ^I- beyond Than, and go on board there. 
 Kailway tickets are available for the steamboat and vice versa. 
 
 Bern , see p. 134. On the Wylerfeld (p. 17) the train turns 
 to the right, affording an admirable survey of the Alps to the right; 
 to the left is the lunatic asylum of Waldau. 3 M. Ostermundingen. 
 
 — 5 M. Giimlingen (Hot. Mattenhof), junction for Lucerne (p. 131). 
 About 2V4 M. to the E. is the finely-situated *Pension Dentenherg 
 (2325'). The Giebel (1/4 hr.) commands a fine view. — 8 M. 
 Rubigen ; 10 M. Mi'msingen. On the right rise the Stockhorn and 
 Niesen, on the left the Monch, Jungfrau, and Bliimlisalp. 12^2^1- 
 Wichtrach; 14 V2 M. Kiesen. From this point a road ascends via 
 Diesbach in 2^2 l^rs. to the Falkenfluh (3410'), a health-resort 
 with an unpretending *Inn and a fine view. Near (I51/2 ^10 Uttigen 
 we cross the Aare. On the right near Thun is a large barrack. 
 
 191/2 ^1- Thun. — Hotels. -Thuneb Hof or Gkaxd Hotel, beantifnlly 
 situated on the left bank of the Aare. R., L., & A. from 0, B. 11/2. D- 4V'2- 
 5fr.; *Bellevue, on the right bank, with extensive grounds, R., L., d' A. 
 from 4, B. IV2, lunch 31/2, 1)- 5, pens. 11 fr. ; Hot.-Pens. Baumgarten, with 
 garden, R., L., & A. o-5, D. 4. pens. 6-10 fr. ; Freienhof, by the steam- 
 boat-quay, with cafe-reataurant and garden on the Aare, R. & A. 21/2-3, 1). 
 
 3, B. IV4 fr. ; *Falken, with terrace on the Aare, R. 2-3, D. 3 fr. ; *Kreuz, 
 R. 2, D. 3fr. ; 'Krone, adjoining the Town Hall, R., L., & A. 2V2 fr.; 
 Schweizerhof, at the station; Ochsex, unpretending. — *Pens. Itten, on 
 the Amsoldingen road, 6'/2 fr. ; Pens. Eichbuhl, on the lake, near Hilter- 
 fingen, 2 31. to the S.E. 
 
 Cafes. Freienhof (see above) ; Caf4 du Casino, on the way to the Belle- 
 vue. Beer at the Freienhof, the Caf^ du Pont, on the way to the railway- 
 station, and the ^Sc^^Vsse/, by the Lauithor. — Kdbgarten. Concerts daily 
 3.30-5 and 8-10 p.m. Adm. 50 C; weekly ticket 2, monthly 5 fr. 
 
 Baths in the very rapid and cold Aare, to the N. of the town, 50 c. 
 Warm Baths at the Bdlliz Baths. — Boat on the lake, according to tarift", 
 3 fr. per hour, 2 hrs. 5 fr., 3 hrs. 7, 1/2 day 8, whole day 10 fr. ; but better 
 terms may sometimes be made. — Carved Wood at /. Kofler^s, in the garden 
 of the Bellevue. — Terracottas at Schoch-Laederach's (see below). 
 
 Cab to or from the station 1 fr. Carriage with one horse the first hr. 
 
 4, with two horses 7 fr., each addit. hr. 3 and 5 fr. To Wimmis 6 or 10, 
 to Kandersfeg 20 or 38, to Weissenlnirg 13 or 24, to Zweisimmen 28 or 
 30, Saancn 35 or 60. (Tsteig 40 or 70, Chateau d^Oex 40 or 70, Aigle 80 or 
 150, Gurnigel 30 or 50 fr. 
 
 English Chapel in the grounds of the Bellevue. 
 
 Thun (1844'; pop. 5507), charmingly situated on the Aare, 
 •74 M. below its efflux from the lake, forms a fitting portal to the 
 beauties of the Oberland. The principal street is curious. In 
 front of the houses projects a row of warehouses and cellars, 
 10-12' high, on the flat roofs of which is the pavement for foot- 
 passengers , flanked with the shops. Thun is the centre of the 
 trade of the Oberland. The Keramic Museum (Schoch-Lsederaoh) 
 contains a fine exhibition of terracottas, majolica, etc. (for sale).
 
 142 ///. Route 41. THUN. 
 
 Near the bridge (to the left) a covered way of 218 steps (and 
 to the right of the hridge, at the Pens. Baumgarten, a road without 
 steps) ascends to the Church, erected in 1738. *View from the 
 churchyard , embracing the old-fashioned town , the two arms of 
 the rapid river, the fertile and partly wooded plain, and the Niesen, 
 beyond which the snow-flelds of the Doldenhorn and the Bliimlisalp 
 are visible. — Near the churchyard rises the large square tower of the 
 old Castle of Zdhringen-Kyhurg with a turret at each corner, erected 
 in 1182, and within the walls of the castle is the Amts-Schloss, or 
 residence of the Bernese bailiffs, erected in 1429. From the 
 'Schloss-Promenade', beside the tower, we obtain a beautiful view, 
 to the S.W., of the town, the valley of the Aare, and the Stockhorn 
 chain. A road, ending in a covered flight of steps, descends hence 
 to the market-place. 
 
 Thun is the seat of the Federal Military School for officers and 
 sergeants, chiefly of artillery and engineers, and contains the federal 
 manufactories of ammunition. Military manoeuvres take place here 
 annually on the 'Almend', or common. 
 
 Walks. Above tlie town on the right bank of the Aare, through the 
 Belleviie grounds to the (1/4 hr.) "'Pavilion St. Jacques (Jakobshiibeli, 2100'), 
 commanding the lake, the Alps, Thun, and the valley of the Aare, Higher 
 up (8 and 10 min.) are two other 'pavilions' (Obere'ani Untere Wart)., the 
 higher of which affords a charming survey of Thun and the valley of the 
 Aare. — Another walk is by the road on the right (N.) bank of the Aare 
 and of the lake across the Bdchimatt, with its pretty grounds and Alpine 
 view (Eiger, Monch, Jungfrau, Bliimlisalp , Doldenhorn , etc.) , to the (20 
 min.) Chartreuse (the property of the Parpart family). Here (or by a shorter 
 path 8 min. farther back) we turn to the left, passing the Bdchiholzli, 
 cross (10 min.) the Hiinibach, and follow a path through the picturesque 
 Kohleren Ravine., where the brook forms several small falls. This path 
 ascends to the Grtisisbergwald (see below) and the Goldiwyl road (I/2 hr.). 
 On the Bern road, 3 M. to the N.W. of Thun, lies Heiniberg^ with 
 extensive potteries. — To the N. of Thun (IV2 M. 5 diligence 6 times 
 daily in 20 min. 5 carr. with one horse 3 fr.) is the considerable village 
 of Sfeffsburg (brewery), whence we may ascend in 1/2 br. to the small 
 Schnitiweyer-Bad (trout), with its mineral spring. — Charming walk on the 
 Ooldiwyl Road, which diverges to the right from the Steffisburg road, at 
 the ^Eiibeli\ a few hundred yards to the N. of the town. (A shorter path 
 ascends to the right at the Pens. Baumgarten, with numerous guide-posts.) 
 The beautifully wooded Griisisberg, which the x-oad ascends, is intersect- 
 ed with good paths, furnished with finger-posts. The finest points of 
 view are the Rappenflnh or RabenfluJi (2844'; 1 hr.) and the Brdndlisberg 
 2397'; 20 min. from the Rabenfluh or 1/2 br. from the Hubeli direct), 
 which overlook the town, the valley of the Aare, and the Stockhorn chain. 
 After about 2V4 M. the road divides. The left branch leads to (IV2 M.) 
 Goldiwyl (3155'; Zysset's Inn), which may be reached also by a shorter 
 road (3 M.) from Thun. diverging to the left before the Bachimatt. The 
 right branch leads to (2i/4 M.) Heiligenschwendi (3324'), 8/4 M. to the S. of 
 which is the 'Haltenegg (3287"), affording a magnificent view. A picturesque 
 way bnck leads through the Kohleren (see above; descend to the left at 
 the guide-post near the bifurcation, mentioned above). 
 
 The handsomest of the villas on the lake is Schadau, the property 
 of M. de Ptougemont, a modern Gothic building, charmingly situated 
 between the left bank of the Aare and the lake, and embellished 
 with sculptures in sandstone. On Sundays the garden is open to the 
 public. — Farther distant, on the right bank, is the chateau of Hiinegg, in
 
 NIESEN. III. Route 42. 143 
 
 the French Renaissance style. Beautiful view from the terrace. Apply to 
 the gardener, who lives on the road, V4 M. nearer Thun. 
 
 Excursions. Thierachern (1867'; Lowe), with fine view, 3 M. to the 
 \V. ; 3 M. farther W., Bad Blumenstein and the Fallback; thence through 
 wood in IV2 hr. to the Gurnigel-Bad (see below). Baths of Schwefelherg 
 (2V2 hrs. to the W. of Blumenstein, beyond the Gantrist Pass), see p. 191. — 
 Burgistein (2690'), a village and castle with line view, 8 M. to the N.W. of 
 Thun. Amsoldingen (Roman tombstones), S'/a M. to the S.W., and the 
 ancient tower of Stratlligen (p. 145), 31/2 M. to the S. of Thun, a splendid 
 point of view. The undulating district between the Stockenthal and Thun 
 abounds in beautiful walks and mountain-views. — The Stockharn (from 
 Blumenstein or Amsoldingen 4-4V2 hi-s.), see p. 191. 
 
 To THE Guknigel-Bad, from Thun a walk of 3V2hr8. (guide desirable), 
 or a drive of 4 hrs. (carr. with one horse 25, with two horses 45 fr.); or 
 from Bern direct (17 M. ; diligence twice daily in 41/2 hrs.; fare 7 fr. 
 15 c, coupe 8 fr. 60 c). The road from Bern leads by Wabern and 
 Kehrsatz, and (leaving Belp on the left) follows the W. side of the Giirbe- 
 thal, soon affording a fine view of the Bernese Alps, h> (71/2 M.) Toffen. 
 At (I21/2 M.) Kirchenihurnen (1995') it ascends to the right to the large 
 village of Riggisbevg (2500' 5 Sonne), beyond which we follow a road to the 
 left to (15 M.) Riithi and ascend steeply" through the Laaswald to the (17 31.) 
 *Gurnigelbad (3783'), a favourite health-resort, with a spring impregnated 
 with lime and sulphur, situated on a broad plateau (500 beds, R. 2V2-6, 
 pens. 6-8 fr.). Extensive wood-walks in the environs: to (V2 hr.) Seftig- 
 schwend (Inn); past the Laashofe to the (1 hr.) Langnei-Bad; to the (1 hr.) 
 Obere Gurnigel (5070'), an admirable point of view; to the (lV2hr.) Seelibiihl 
 (5750'). — Over the Gantrist to Bad Weissenburg (5-6 hrs.), see p. 191. — 
 From Wattenwyl, 5 M. to the W. of Thun and 3 M. to the S.W. of stat. 
 Uttigen (p. 141), a pleasant path, which cannot be mistaken, ascends to Bad 
 Gurnigel in 2V2 hrs. 
 
 To Saanen through the valley of the Simme, see R. 57. 
 
 42. The Niesen. 
 
 Comp. Map., p. 148. 
 
 Two paths lead to the top : on the N. side from Wimmis a bridle- 
 path (the best route) in 41/2 hrs., and on the E., from the Heustrich-Bad, 
 a bridle-path in the same time. The footpath from Frutigen is in so 
 bad a condition (entirely destroyed for long tracts) that its use is not re- 
 commended. Travellers ascending in the morning should start from Wim- 
 mis ; in the aftemofm the path from the Heustrich-Bad is better shaded. 
 
 Railway or steamboat from Thun to Spiez , see p. 145 ; thence by 
 Spiezwyler to Wimmis 31/4 M. (a drive of 40 min. ; post-vehicle thrice 
 daily, 85 c; one-horse carr. 4 fr., two-horse 7 fr.; one-horse carr. from 
 Thun 6, two-horse 10 fr.). — To the Heustrich-Bad and Frutigen, see R. 53. 
 
 Horse to the top of the Kiesen and back, from Wimmis or Heustrich- 
 bad, 15 fr. (starting before 10 a.m.) ; if the start is later, 20 fr. ; to Heustrich 
 over the Niesen (or in the reverse direction from Heustrich over the 
 Niesen to Wimmis), 22 and 28 fr. — Guide (unnecessary) 10 fr. — Chair- 
 porters 12 fr. (four porters are required for one chair). 
 
 From Spiez to [3/4 M.) Spiezwyler, see p. 179. The road de- 
 scends in a wide curve (to the left a direct footpath through woodl 
 to the Kanderbrilcke, with a fine view of the Blumlisalp, aud thence 
 proceeds in a straight direction to (-V4 ^0 — 
 
 Wimmis (2080'; pop. 1242 ; *Lou'c), a pretty village in a very fer- 
 tile district, at the E. base of the Burgfluh (5072'), overlooked by a 
 castle which is now occupied by a school and the local authorities.
 
 144 ///. Route 42. NIESEN. 
 
 The church is said to have been founded by King Rudolph II. of Bur- 
 gundy in 933, but is mentioned in ancient documents as early as 533. 
 
 Ascent of the N^iesen from Wisims. The path ascends on the S. side 
 of the Burgfluh. After 35 min. it crosses the Sialdenbach ; 3 min. later, by 
 a gate, it turns to the left (finger-post) and ascends in zigzags through 
 pastures and wood, passing the chalet on the Bergli. By the (2 hrs.) 
 chalets of Unterstalden (4940') the path crosses to the right bank of the 
 Staldenbach, and winds up the slopes of the Niesen, past the chalets of 
 Oberstalden (5S33'). The prospect first reveals itself beyond the (!'/* hr.) 
 Staldenegg (6345'), a sharp ridge connecting the Bettfluh (7924') or From- 
 herghorn with the Xiesen, where the vast snow-fields of the Bliimlisalp and 
 Doldenhorn become visible. Thence to the top 1 hr. more. 
 
 From the Heusteich-Bad (p. 179), a good bridle-path ascends the grassy 
 slopes behind the baths in windings (whenever it divides . the steeper 
 branch must be selected), as far as an ancient lime-tree (V2 hr.); then 
 through wood (1 hr.) and over pastures, past the chalets of Schlechten- 
 waldegg and the Eegem-Alp (t)308), in numerous windings, to the (2V2-3 
 hrs.) Niesen Inn. This route affords beautiful and diversified views-, 
 milk at the two upper chalets. 
 
 Weissmullee's Inn, with a small terrace, lies 5 min. below the sum- 
 mit (R., L.. & A. 4, B. 2fr.). 
 
 The *Niesen (7763'), the conspicuous N. outpost of a branch 
 of the Wildstrubel , and like Pilatus regarded as an infallible baro- 
 meter (see p. 94), rises in the form of a gently sloping pyramid. 
 The rocks at the base are clay-slate, those of the upper part sand- 
 stone-conglomerate. On the top there is room for about 50 persons. 
 The Alps are seen to greater advantage here than from the Rigi , 
 The view vies with that from the Faulhorn ; there the Wetterhorner 
 form the foreground; here we are close to the beautiful snow- 
 clad Bliimlisalp at the head of the Kienthal. 
 
 View (comp. the panorama, p. 148). The most conspicuous snow- 
 mountains are : to the E. the distant Titlis :, nearer, the Wetterhorner and 
 Schreckhorner, the Eiger, Monch, Jungfrau, Gletscherhorn, Ebnefluh, Mit- 
 taghorn, Grosshorn, Breithorn, and Tschingelhorn ; to the S. the Bliimlis- 
 alp with its three peaks (Morgenhorn, Weisse Frau, Bliimlisalphorn), the 
 Doldenhorn, Balmhorn, and Altels ; to the W., the Wildhorn, appearing 
 between two black peaks ; to the left of these the Mont Blanc group ; 
 then the Sanetschhorn, the snow-fields of the Diablerets, the Oldenhorn 
 and the two peaks of the Dent du Midi , the last snow-group towards 
 the W. The entire Lake of Thun is visible, and part of that of Brienz, 
 with Interlaken between them. The thickly peopled valleys of the Simme, 
 Engstligenbach, and Kander, and the Kienthal may be traced for a long 
 distance. Towards the N. the course of the Aare, and the hill-country 
 of Bern , as far as the Jura, complete the prospect. Best light towards 
 sunset or in the morning before 10 o'clock. 
 
 43. From Thun to Interlaken. Lake of Thun. 
 
 Comp. Map., p. 148. 
 
 a. Thunersee Railway. 
 
 163/4 M. Railway in 1-174 hr. (3 fr. 15. 2 fr. 10, Ifr. 14 c. ; from Bern to 
 Interlaken in 21/4-21/2 hrs. ; 6 fr. 50, 4 fr.' 50, 3 fr. 20 c). — The Lake of 
 Thun (1^37'; greatest depth, 709') is 11 M. long, and nearly 2 M. broad. 
 The banks are at first studded with villas and gardens, but farther on the 
 N. bank becomes precipitous. The Thunersee Railway., opened in July, 1893, 
 skirta the S. bank of the lake and commands a series of picturesque views 
 of the lake and the Alps. Railway tickets may be also used for the steam- 
 boat journey (comp. p. 145).
 
 LAKE OF THUN. III. Route 43. 1 45 
 
 Thun, see p. 141. — 1/2 M. TJiun-See (formerly Scherzligen), on 
 the left bank of the Aare, which here emerges from the lake ; the sta- 
 tion is opposite the steamhoat-pier (see below ). The train skirts the 
 W. bank of the lake, -with a view of theStockhorn chain to the right, 
 and the Bernese Alps from the Wetterhorn to the Bliimlisalp to the 
 left, as far as (3 M.) Gxcatt (Sch'afle; Post), where the Simmenthal 
 road diverges to the right (p. 190), and then turns towards the S.E. 
 Beyond Strdttligen, with its old tower (p. 143), we cross the gorge 
 of the Kander (p. 191), which here falls into the lake, by a handsome 
 bridge (65 yds. long) and ascend gradually to the station of — 
 
 6 M. Spiez ("2090'; Rail. Restaur., with R.), situated high above 
 the village of that name (p. 146), and enjoying a splendid view of 
 the Lake of Thun and its mountains (Ralligstbcke. Sigriswyler 
 Eothhorn, etc.) ; in the foreground the picturesque village of Spiez 
 with its chateau, and to the S.E. and S. the Bernese Alps from the 
 "Wetterhorn to the Bliimlisalp. 
 
 From Spiez to Fruiiyen and Kandersteg., see p. 179 ; to Wimmis and 
 ascent of tbe Niesen, see p. 143; to the Simnienthal see p. 190. Post and 
 Telegraph Of ice opposite the station. 
 
 Beyond Spiez. the line again descends, past the village of 
 Faulensee (p. 146); it then skirts the precipitous slopes of the S. 
 bank close to the lake, passing through three tunnels near Krattigen. 
 The next stations are Leissigen (Steinbeck), pleasantly situated among 
 fruit-trees at the foot of the Morgenberghorn (p. 153), and DarUgen 
 (Pens. Seller, Scharz, Schwalbenheim). To the left, near the influx 
 of the Aare, is the ruin of Weissenau (p. 151). The train skirts 
 the new Aare Channel, passes along the foot of the Heimwehfluh 
 (p. 150), and reaches the W. station of Interlaken (p. 148). in the 
 village of Aarmiihle, 1 4 M. from the beginning of the Hoheweg. 
 
 b. Steamboat Journey. 
 
 Steamboat 4-5 times daily in iVi-S hrs. from Thun-See (Scherzligen; 
 comp. p. 141) to Interlaken ; stations Oberhofen, Gunten, Spiez^ Merligen^ 
 Beaienbucht, Leissigen (the last two not always touched at). 
 
 The steamboat starts from the quay near the Freienhof Hotel 
 (p. 141), ascends the Aare, stops at the Bellevue, and then at the 
 rail, station of Thun-See (see above). To the left, among the trees, 
 is the Chartreuse (p. 142); to the right, where the Aare emerges 
 from the lake, Schloss Schadau (p. 142). The Stockhorn (7195'), 
 with its conical summit, and the pyramidal Niesen (7763') rise 
 on the right and left of the entrance to the valleys of the Kander 
 and Simme (p. 19i). To the left of the Niesen are the glittering 
 snow-fields of the Bliimlisalp ; on the right, at the head of the Kan- 
 derthal, the Friindenhorn, Doldenhorn, Balmhorn, Altels, and 
 Rinderhorn gradually become visible (from left to right). In the 
 direction of Interlaken appear successively (from right to left) the 
 Mittaghorn, JungfraU, Monch, Eiger in the foreground, and farther 
 off the Schreckhorn and Wetterhorn. 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 10
 
 146 III. Route 43. LAKE OF THUN. Bernese 
 
 The steamer skirts the N.E. bank, which is clothed below with 
 villas aud gardens and higher up with woods, and passes the pretty 
 village of Hilterfingen and the chateau of Hiinegg (p. 142). It 
 touches at Oberhofen (Pensions *Moy^ *Oberhofen; Restaurant Zim- 
 mermann), which has a picturesque chateau of Countess Pourtales, 
 and at G\mten {Weisses Kreuz; *Pens. du Lac, 5fr.; Eirsch; *Pens. 
 Graber, all on the lake; Pens. Schonberg , on the hill, 10 min. 
 from the lake, 5 fr.). In the vicinity (IY2 M. from the lake) the 
 water of the Guntenbach has worn a curious gorge for itself, with 
 waterfalls (path and bridges at present much damaged). 
 
 A road ascends from Gunten to (3/4 hi'.) Sigriswyl (2620' ; Pens. Bar, 
 unpretending), a prettily situated village. The Blume (4577'; fine view) is as- 
 cended hence in2hr8. via Schwanden ; th.e Sigriswyl- Grat (Vorder-Bergli, bbOS' '^ 
 Hinier-Bergli, 6056') by the AlpigUn Alp in 2V2-3 hrs.; the ■■ Sigriswyler Roth- 
 horn (6737'j, the highest point of the 8igriswyl-Grat, in 4 hrs. (with guide). 
 — On the steep slope of the Sigriswyl-Grat towards the Justisthal (see 
 below) is the Schafloch (5S40'), a grand ice-cavern, reached from the Obere 
 Bergli by a giddy path in 2/4 hr. (guide, ice-axe, and torches necessary). 
 
 The steamer now crosses the lake at its broadest part, towards 
 the S., to Spiez (*>Sj?iez6r Ho/", with garden and lake-baths, R., L., 
 & A. 5-6 fr., Eng. Church Serv. in summer; *Hot.-Pens. Schonegg, 
 3/4 M. from the lake, near the rail, station, R. 2-4, B. IV4, pens. 
 7fr. ; Pens. Itten, 3 min. from the station, moderate), a small village 
 prettily situated on the S. bank. The picturesque old chateau, which 
 formerly belonged to the Erlach family, is now the property of a Berlin 
 gentleman, who has restored it and surrounded it with pretty grounds. 
 From this point two black peaks are visible for a short time towards 
 the E., above the S. bank of the Lake of Brienz; that to the right 
 is the Faulhorn, the broader to the left the Schwarzhorn. Above the 
 village runs the new Thunersee Railway (p. 145). 
 
 To Aeschi, see p. 179; ascent of the Niesen, p. 144. Diligence to Kander- 
 steg, see p. 179; to Zweisimmen, see p. 190. The diligences start from the 
 railway station (p. 145). 
 
 The next station is Faulensee^ above which (1 M.; 3 M. from 
 Spiez) is the *Faulensee-Bad (R., L., & A. 4, D. 31/2, pens. 9 fr.), 
 with a mineral spring , pleasant grounds and beautiful view. On 
 the N. bank we next observe the abrupt Sigriswyl-Grat, with the 
 bold Ralligstocke (6066') and the Sigriswyler Rothhorn (6737'). 
 On the lake is Schloss Ralligen. Beyond stat. Merligen (*H6t. 
 Beatus, with garden on the lake, pens. 5-6 fr.; Lowe), at the mouth 
 of the Justisthal, the steamer proceeds to the (1/4 hr) Beatenbucht 
 (Restaurant), the station for St. Beatenberg. 
 
 Cable Railway to St. Beatenberg, in 16 min. (ascent 2^/2 fr-, 
 descent 1 fr., return-fare 3 fr.). The line, opened in 1889, is 1 M. 
 long and has an average gradient of 1 : 3. The station at the top is 
 3 min. from the Kurhaus. 
 
 St. Beatenberg. — Hotels. *Kckhaus, at the W. end of the village, 
 near a wood, with 130 beds and 2 'dependances% R. 3-5, D. 41/2, S. 3, 
 pens. 8-12 fr. The following are named in their order from W. to E. : 
 PicNSiox Edelweiss; ^Pension Beatrice, 4V2-6, in July and Aug. 5-7 fr. ;
 
 Oberland. LAKE OF THDN. III. Route 43. 147 
 
 Hot.-Peks, Blumlisalp; Pens. Waldeand ; *Hot.-Pen3. Schonegg, in the 
 middle of the village, 4-6V2, in July and Aug. 43/4-TV2 fr.; Feuz, village 
 inn; •Hot. -Pens. Victoria, 7-9 fr. ; ''Hot. -Pens, zur Post, 6-8 fr.; *Hot.- 
 Pens. Bellevde, 71/2-9 fr.; Pens. Silbeeuorn, 6-71/2 fr. ; Pens. Balmer; 
 on the other side of the Sundgrahen : *Hot.-Pens. Alpenbose, 6-8 fr. ; Pens. 
 JoNGFRAU; *H6t.-Pens. DBS Alpes, 3 M. from the Kurhaus, 5-7 fr. — 
 English Church. — Good wood-carvings at moderate prices. 
 
 The village of St. Beatenberg (3775'), a favourite health-resort, 
 lies in a sheltered situation on both sides of the Sundgrahen, which 
 opens towards the Lake of Thun. Admirable view of the Alps, from 
 the Schreckhorn to the Niesen, including the Eiger, Monch, Jung- 
 frau, Bliimlisalp, Doldenhorn, and Wildstrubel. 
 
 A much finer point of view is the *Amisbiihel (4383' ; Inn at the 
 top), 25 min. to the E. of the Hotel Alpenrose (not quite 3 hrs. from In- 
 terlaken). Walkers from Interlaken diverge from the road to the right by 
 a finger-post, ^t M. below Beatenberg, and reach the top thence in V2 hr. 
 
 Pleasant walk from the Kurhaus to the Waldbrand (25 min.) ; beautiful 
 pine-wood and charming views. 
 
 Ascent of the ' Gemmenalphorn (6770'), the highest point of the Guggis- 
 grat, from the Amisbiihel over the Waldegg-AUmend, Leimern, and Gemmen- 
 Alp, or from St. Beatenberg through the Riescho.nen Valley in 2V2 hrs., not 
 difficult (path marked red and white; guide 4 fr., unnecessary). Superb 
 view, ranging from Pilatus to the Stockhorn chain and the Diablerets ; 
 at our feet lies the Justisthal (p. 146), beyond it are the Aare valley, Bern, 
 and the Jura Mts. The Lake of Thun is not visible. — The *Niederhorn 
 (6445') and Burgfeldstand (6780'), each 21/2-3 hrs. from Beatenberg, are 
 also fine points of view. On the latter route is the (172 hr.) Ednzli, a 
 charming point. By following the arete, all three points may be visited 
 in one excursion. 
 
 The iVa^g, a rocky headland , here projects into the lake. High 
 up on the steep bank runs the new road, hewn in the rock at many 
 places (see below). On the lake is the chateau of Lerow, near the 
 Beatenbach (see below) ; farther on, the ravine of the Sundgrahen 
 (see above) and the Neuhaus, at the N.E. end of the lake. On the 
 S. bank lies Leissigen (p. 145), then Ddrligen (p. 145). The steam- 
 boat enters the new Aare Channel (to the left, the ruin of "Weissenau, 
 p. 151) and stops at the landing place oi Interlaken- Thunersee, near 
 theW. or principal station oi Interlaken (p. 148). 
 
 The Road on the If. Bank of the Lake of Thun (15 M. to Inter- 
 laken) leads from Thun bv HWerfingen and Oberhofen to (6 M.) Gunten 
 (p. 146)-, then across the Stampbach (waterfall) and past the old chateau 
 of Ralligen to (2i/4 M.) Merligcn (p. 146), 3/4 M. beyond which, at Beaten- 
 bnchf (Restaurant), is the station of the cable-railway to St. Beatenberg 
 (p. 146). Ttie road ascends round the Nose (see above), passing through 
 two rock-tunnels, skirts the precipitous sl)pes high above the lake, crosses 
 the K7'uibach-Tobel, and leads throuuh wood (passing the chateau of Xerow, 
 below, on the rigut) to the (2 31.) bridge over the Beatenbach. A path a^scends 
 hence in 1/4 hr. to the Beatushbhle (2255'), from which the Beatenbach 
 dashes forth with a noise like thunder in spring and after heavy rain. 
 St. Beatus, the first apostle of Christianity in this region, is said to have 
 dwelt in this cavern. 
 
 Three more tunnels; then a gradual descent. Beautiful view of the 
 lake, with the Eiger to the right. Crossing the Sundgrahen., we observe 
 the houses of Sundlauenm below us, on the right. Then past the (IVi M.) 
 luiblibad or Si. Beatmbad (Engl. Pension) and the Neuhaus (on the right), 
 to Unterseen and (3 M.) Intevlaken. 
 
 10*
 
 148 
 
 44. Interlaken and Environs. 
 
 C(ymp. Map^ p. 162. 
 
 Railway Stations. Thunersee Railway (p. 145), at the W. end of the 
 town; Bekxese Obekland Railway (station Interlaken-Ost, pp. 149, 173), 
 at the E. end, 1 M. from the first-named. Hotel-omnibuses and other ve- 
 hicles at both stations. — Steamboat Piers for the Lake of Thun on the 
 new Aare Channel near the station Interlaken-West (p. 147j; for the Lake of 
 Brienz opposite the station Interlakeu-Ost, near the Hotel du Lac (see below). 
 
 Hotels and Pensions (omnibus 1 fr.). On the ffoheweg, from W, to E. : 
 *H6t. M£tkopole (PI. 1), R., L., <fe A. 5V2-6V2, D. 5 fr., pens, from 8 fr. ; 
 'ViCTOEiA (PI. 2), with lift, expensive, R., L., <fe A. from 6V2, B. IV2, D. 5, pens. 
 8-12 fr.; beyond it the small Pension Voltz (PI. 13) , and =Hot. Horn (PI. 30), 
 unpretending; Jungfead (PI. 3), R., L., & A. from 41/2, lunch 3, D. 5 fr. ; 
 *ScHWEizEEH0F (PI. 4), R., L., & A. from 4, D. 4 fr. ; ^Belvedere (PI. 5), 
 R., L., & A. from 4, D. 4 fr. ; *H6t. des Alpes (Pi. 6), R., L., & A. 41/4, 
 D. 41/2 fr. ; -Hotel Beaueivage (PI. 9), R., L., & A. from 41/2, D. 41/2 fr. ; 
 *H6t. du Noed (PI. 7), R., L., & A. 41/4, B. IV2, D. 4, pens, 7-8 fr. ; Hot. St. 
 Georges, R. 2iJ2 3 fr., well spoken of; *H6t. Inteelaken (PI. 8), R., L., & A. 
 31/2-4, D. 31/2, pens. 7-8 fr.; =H6t. du Lac (PI. 10), R., L., & A. 4, D. 3 fr. 
 
 To the W. of the Hoheweg, in the direction of the railwav-station 
 (all second-class): Hot. Obebland (PI. 12), R., L., & A. 3, D. 3, pens'. 6-7 fr. ; 
 opposite to it, Cheval Blanc (PI. 26), moderate; Ceoix Blanche (PI. 11), 
 R. 11/2-2, D. 3, B. 11/4 fr.; Adlee (PI. 14); ==H6t. Bebgee (PI. 28), R., L.. & 
 A. 21/2-3, D. 21/2, pens. 5-7 fr.; 'Hot.-Pens. Kbebs (PI. 27), R. 21/2-3, D. 3 fr. ; 
 *H6t.de la Gare (Pl. 29), the last three near the station; Schwan, R. 1-2 fr. 
 
 — jSTear the lower bridge over the Aare: 'Bellevce (PI. 15), R. and A. 3, 
 pens. 51/2-61/2 fr. — On the small island of Spielmatten : Hot. du Pont or 
 Alte Post (PI. 16), with garden, R., L., <fe A. 4, D. 31/2, pens. 6-8 fr. ; 
 *Kbone, — At Unterseen: *H6t. TJnteeseen (PI. 17), pens. 6 fr. ; *Beau- 
 SiTE (PI. 18) , pens, from 6 fr. ; Pens. Eigee, on the Keuhaus road, well 
 spoken of; 'Pension St. Beatus (Mrs. Simpkin), near the Lake of Thun. 
 
 To the S. of the Hoheweg, on the road to the Kleine Rugen: Deut- 
 scher Hof (PI. 20), 2nd class, R., L., & A. 3i/2-4, B. 11/4, D. 31/2, pens, from 
 61/2 fr.; 'Hot. National & Pension Wydek (PI. 19), R,, L. & A. 31/2, 
 D. 31/2, pens. 7-8 fr.; *H6t.-Pens. Rebee (PI. 21), pens. 6 fr. ; *H6tel- 
 Pens. Obee, or 'Schlossli^ (PI. 23), 6-9 fr. ; *Pens. Schonthal, 5 fr. — 
 *H6t. Jungfbaublick (PL 22), on the Kleine Rugen (p. 149), a first-class 
 house, commanding a splendid view, with pleasant grounds; R., L., <fe A. 
 from 6, B. I1/2, D. 5, omnibus IV2 fr. ; pens, in July and August 12-16, 
 at other times 10-12 fr. — Hot. -Pens. Mattenhof, prettily situated close 
 to the Kleine Pi,ugen, pens. 61/2 fr. ; Pens. Zwahlen, moderate. 
 
 In the Environs of Interlaken good and inexpensive quarters may he 
 obtained. At Wilderswyl (t^. 154), I1/2 M. to the S.: 'Hot. Schonbchl, in a 
 fine lofty situation, pens. 5-6 fr. ; 'Bar, pens. 4V2-5 fr. — On the Brienz 
 road, on this side of the church-hill of Goldswyl, (3/4 M.) Pens. Felsenegg, 
 51/2 fr. — At Bonigen (p. 173) on the S. bank of the Lake of Brienz, I1/2 M. 
 to the E. of IntMaken: *Pens. Bellerive, *H6t.-Pens. Bonigen, *Chaxet 
 du Lac, and *H6t.-Pens. de la Gaee (near the steamboat-pier), moderate. 
 
 — At Beatenberg, see p. 146. 
 
 Casino on the Hoheweg, with cafe, reading, concert, and billiard rooma, 
 etc. : music daily 7.30 to 8.30 a.m., and 3.30 to 5 and 8 to 10 p.m. ; whey-cure 
 7-8 a.m.; admission 1 fr., per week 4 fr., mo;ith 12 fr. ; for extra enter- 
 tainments higher charges. At the back of the Casino is a whey-cure 
 establishment (open 7-8 a. m.). 
 
 Restaurants in the E6iel Mitropole and the Hotel Victoria. Baierische 
 Bierbrauerei., with garden, next to Hot. Beaurivage ; Cafi Oberland;^ Hot. du 
 Pont^ on the Aare, with 'Biergarten' and a fine view: Berger and Krebs, by 
 the railway-station. — Confectioners: Seilz, Bahnhof-Str. ; Berger^ at the 
 entrance to the Kurgarten. 
 
 Baths in the Hot. Metropole, Beaurivage, etc. — Money Changers: 
 Volksbat)k., Ebersold, both Bahnhof-Str. 
 
 Carriage from the station to Interlaken, Unterseen, and Matten 1 fr.
 
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 __ioo __>o8^ _s^ Solrritrp
 
 INTERLAKEN. ///. Route 44. 149 
 
 each person, to Bonigen, Gsteig, Wilderswyl, and Ringgenberg 2 fr. — 
 Donkeiis, IV2 fr. per honr. — Post and Telegraph Office adjoining the Ober- 
 lander Hof. 
 
 English Church Service in the old Convent Church. Presbyterian Ser- 
 vice (Scottish Free Church) in the Sacristy of the Schloss at 11 and 4. 
 
 The low land between the lakes of Thun and Brienz, which are 
 2 M. apart, is called the ^BbdelC. These lakes probably once formed 
 a single sheet of water , but were gradually separated by the de- 
 posits of the Lutschme, flowing into the Lake of Brienz, and the 
 Lombach^ which falls into the Lake of Thun. These accumula- 
 tions, first descending from the S., out of the valley of Lauterbrun- 
 nen, and then from the N. out of the Habkeren valley, account for 
 the curve which the Aare has been compelled to describe. On 
 this piece of land, 'between the lakes', lies luterlaken (1863'), con- 
 sisting of the villages of Aarmiihle, Molten and JJnterseen, and ex- 
 tending nearly as far as the Lake of Brienz (total pop. 5385). 
 
 The principal resort of visitors is the *H6heweg, an avenue of 
 fine walnuts , extending from the village of Aarmiihle to the upper 
 bridge over the Aare , and flanked with large hotels and tempting 
 shops. The central part of the avenue, which is open towards the 
 S., commands a beautiful view of the Lauterbrunnen-Thal and the 
 Jungfrau (finest by evening light). On the N. side is the Casino, 
 with garden, reading-room, etc. (entrance between the Schweizerhof 
 and Belvedere; music, etc., seep. 148). On the S. side, farther on, 
 rises the old monastery and nunnery of Interlaken, founded in 1130, 
 and suppressed in 1528, surrounded by beautiful walnut-trees. The 
 E. wing of the monastery has been used as a hospital since 1836 ; the 
 rest of the building, with the Schloss added in 1750, is occupied by 
 government-offices. The nunnery has been converted into a prison. 
 The choir of the monastery -church is now an English Chapel. 
 A small chapel is used by a French Protestant and a Scottish Pres- 
 byterian congregation. The nave of the church is a Roman Catholic 
 place of worship. To the left, at the upper end of the Hoheweg, the 
 road to Brienz crosses the Aare by a handsome new bridge, immed- 
 iately above which are the railway-bridge and the station Inter- 
 laken-Ost of the Oberland Railways (pp. 148, 154). 
 
 Towards the W. the Hoheweg is continued by the busy street 
 which leads through Aarmiihle, and past the Post Office (see above), 
 to the railway-station. To the right are three bridges (fine view 
 from that in the centre) crossing the island of Spielmatten to the 
 small town of TJnterseen (1995 inhab.) , which consists chiefly of 
 wooden houses darkened with age, with a large square and a modern 
 church. Large manufactory of parquetry. 
 
 Interlaken is a favourite summer resort, and is noted for its 
 mild and equable temperature. The purity of the air, the whey- 
 cure, and the beauty of the situation attract many visitors, while 
 others make it their headquarters for excursions to the Oberland. 
 
 Walks. The *Kleine Rugen is a beautiful wooded hill to the
 
 150 
 
 INTERLAKEN. 
 
 Bernese 
 
 S. of Interlaken, on the Wilders- 
 wyl road. The principal path, 
 provided with benches , ascends 
 by the Hotel Jungfraublick in a 
 straight direction, leading round 
 the hill to the left, and affording 
 varied views of the Bodeli and 
 the valley of Lanterbrunnen , to 
 the 'Humboldtsruhe' (view of the 
 Jungfrau and Lake of Brienz). 
 In 1/2 br* ^^ reach the Trinkhalle 
 (Cafe -Restaurant), commanding 
 the Jungfrau, Monch, andSchwal- 
 mern. [A little before the Trink- 
 halle a path to the right ascends to 
 the Tanzboden (a level spot in the 
 wood) and the (20 min.) Rugen- 
 hbhe (2424'), a pavilion with a 
 view of the Jungfrau and the lakes 
 of Thun and Brienz.] Beyond the 
 Trinkhalle the main path leads 
 to the left, round the hill, pass- 
 ing the ^Scheffel Pavilion' (with 
 .a view of the Lake of Thun), 
 the Kasthofer stein (see below), 
 and the reservoir (fed from the 
 Saxetenthal, p. 153), and back to 
 the Hotel Jungfraublick (I/2 hr.). 
 Other paths, with benches in 
 shady nooks and points of view, 
 ramify from the main walk in every 
 direction. About the beginning 
 of the century the hill was planted 
 by the chief forester Kasthofer 
 with specimens of the principal 
 trees of Switzerland. The stone 
 above mentioned bears an in- 
 scription to his memory. — Justbe- 
 yond the Trinkhalle a path diver- 
 ges to the left, and by a (1 min,) 
 bench descends to the right to the 
 Wagnerenschlucht (see below). 
 Another leads straight past the 
 bench, skirting the wood and keep- 
 ing to the left, to the (10 min.) 
 Cafe Vnspunnen (p. 151). 
 
 *Heimwehfluh(2218'). From
 
 Oberland. INTERLAKEN. III. Ro^de 44. 151 
 
 the station , from Aarmuhle, and from Matten, roads lead to the 
 (1/2 M.) entrance to the Wagnerenschlucht, to the W. of the Kleine 
 Rugen. We ascend the ravine for ahont 300 paces, and, at a 
 block of rock with an inscription in honour of Bernh. Studer (d. 
 1887), diverge by a path to the right, which ascends rapidly, pass- 
 ing a fine point of view on the right, in 20 min. to the Restaurant. 
 The terrace commands a charming view (finest in the afternoon) of 
 the Bodeli and the lakes of Thun and Brienz; and the Jungfrau, 
 Monch , and Eiger are visible from the small belvedere. — Path 
 from the Trinkhalle, see above. 
 
 The ruin of *TJnspiiiinen (40 min.), with a splendid view of 
 the Lauterbrunnen valley, the Jungfrau, the Monch, and the Lake 
 of Brienz, is reached through the "Wagnerenschluiht (at the end of 
 which, on the left, is the *Cafe Unspunnen, with beautiful view), 
 or by the Kleine Rugen (see p. 150). 
 
 The ruined castle of Weissenau (2 M.) on an island in the Aare near 
 ts influx into the Lake of Thun (p. 147), is reached by the old road 
 from Matten, or by the road from Unterseen to Thun. 
 
 To the Hohbiihl (2070'; V4 lir.), on the right bank of the Aare, a path, 
 lately restored and provided with linger posts, ascends to the left immed- 
 iately beyond the upper bridge over the Aare. (The lower path to the 
 left leads to the Vogtsruhe on the Aare, a resting-place and spring.) The 
 pavilion commands a fine view, which is more extensive from the grassy 
 slopes of the Untere and Obere Bleicki, a few hundred paces higher. 
 From here a narrow path, called the Greierz-Leiter, descends direct to 
 the Lustbiihl (see below). Or we may return to the Hohbiihl and 
 descend thence by steps to the Vogtsruhe, skirt the risiht bank, pass 
 a rifle-ground, and reach the narrow and stony plain of Goldei, between 
 the Harder and the Aare, at the base of the Falkenfiuh ^ the upper 
 part of which , seen from the proper point of view, resembles an old 
 man's face (the Hardermannli). On a rocky hill below the Falkenfluh is 
 the Lustbiihl, a pavilion commanding another fine view. We may now 
 return to Interlaken by the bridge behind the Casino (in all, !• 2-2 hrs.). 
 — The Harder may be ascended by a picturesque and safe route (practi- 
 cable for riding) which diverges to the right, from the Habkern road, 
 1 M. to the N.W. of Unterseen, before the road to Beatenberg. We as- 
 cend at first through wood (path steep at places) to (2 hrs.) the Harder- 
 matte (3988'), which commands a magnilicent view of Interlaken and the 
 Bernese Alps. Thence we descend, passing above the Hardeivna nnli (see 
 above), to the Untere Bleicki and the (1 hr.) Ohere AarebrUcke at the E. 
 end of Interlaken (see above). The beaten path should not be quitted 
 without a guide, as accidents have occurred owing to the precipitous 
 character of the mountain. — The Thurmberg, ascended in V2 hr. from 
 Goldswyl, beyond Felsene<jg on the Brienz road (p. 173), overlooks the 
 Lake of Brienz and the small, sombre Faulensee or lake of Goldswyl. — 
 A walk may be taken by the same road to (3 31.) Ringgenberg , with a 
 picturesque church built among the ruins of the cattle (view) , and to 
 the Schadburg (23SS'; 1^ 2 M. farther), on a spur of the Graggen, an un- 
 finished castle of the ancient barons of Ringgenberg, a still finer point. 
 
 Longer Excursioxs (comp. the Map, p. 162). To St. Beatbx- 
 BBRG, by railway and steamer to (40-50 min.) Station Beatenbucht 
 (p. 146), and thence by cable-train in 12 min. — The direct road 
 from Interlaken to St. Beatenberg (71/2 M. ; carr. with one horse 
 13, with two horses 24 fr.; to the Kurhaus 14 and 25 fr.) di- 
 verges, 1 M. from Interlaken, to the left from the road into the
 
 1^2 III. Route 44. SOHYNIGE PLATTE. Bernese 
 
 Habkernthal (p. 153), crosses tte Lomhach, and ascends through 
 wood in windings (avoidable "by short-cuts). 
 
 From Interlaken to the *Giessbach on the Lake of Brienz (p. 173) 
 a steamer plies four times daily in summer (comp. p. 172). Bonigen 
 (I1/2 J^l-)? Gsteig (1^/4 M.), with a fine view from the churchyard, 
 and Gsteigwyler (272 M.), vrith the ^Hohe Steg' over the Liitschine, 
 also afford pleasant walks from Interlaken. 
 
 The *Schynige Platte (6463') is one of the finest points of view 
 in the Bernese Oberland. Rack- akd -Pinion Railway (opened in 
 July, 1893) from station WUderswyl-Gsteig (p. 154; Oberland Rail- 
 way from Interlaken-Ost in 9 min. ; on foot 35 min.) in IV4 hr. ; 
 fare up 8 fr. , down 4 fr. , return-ticket 10 fr. The line (4V-.> M. in 
 length ; maximum gradient 1 : 4) crosses the Liits^chine beyond Gsteig 
 (1870') and ascends through meadows to the (1^ 4 M.) Fuchsegg, 
 where it bends back by means of the Rothenegg Tunnel (175 yds. in 
 length). Passing through a rocky gate, it then enters the wood of 
 bee'^hes and pines which covers the slopes of the Schynige Platte, 
 affording pretty glimpses to the left of Interlaken , the Lake of 
 Brienz, etc. At the Lower Breitlauenen-Alp it emerges from the 
 wood and reaches (3 M.) stat. Breitlauenen (5068' ; Kurhaus & Pens.), 
 with fine view of the lakes of Brienz and Thun and the hilly country 
 towards the N.W. Describing a wide curve, it then ascends to the 
 mountain-crest and passes through the Grdtli Tunnel (164 yds.) to 
 the S. side of the ridge, where a striking scene suddenly opens. The 
 Lauterbrunnen valley lies at our feet, its dizzy abysses descending 
 almost directly to the Liitschine, and to the left towers the majestic 
 Jungfrau. Fullowing the S. slope of the crest , we arrive at the 
 (4V2 M.) stat. Schywge Platte (6463'), overlooking the Grindelwald 
 valley with the S hreckhorner and Wetterhomer. A level path leads 
 from the station along the Platte, an inclined slope of crumbling 
 and 'shining' slate rork , in a few paces to the Hotel Alpenrose (R., 
 L., & A. 41 2, B. 2, D. 4fr.). 
 
 In order to enjoy a complete panorama, we skirt the left side of the 
 precipitous Gummihorn (6893'; recently made accessible for experts) to the 
 N.W. of the hotel, and ascend the (20 min.) *Daube (6772'), whence the 
 survey of the lakes towards the X. is particularly fine. To the S. we 
 enjoy a magnificent view of the Bernese Alps: from left to right, the 
 Welihorn, Wetterhorner, Berglistock, L'pper Grindelwald Glacier, Schreck- 
 horner, Lauteraarhorner, Lower Grindelwald Glacier, the Finsteraarhorn 
 peeping over the Eigergrat, the Fiescherhorner, Eiger, Monch, Jungfrau, 
 Ebnefluh, Mittaghorn, Grosshorn. Breithorn, Tschingelhorn, Tschingelgrat, 
 Gspaltenhorn, Weisse Fniu, Doldenhorn. and numerous nearer peaks; far 
 helow is the Staubbach in the valley of Lauterbrunnen. Towards evening 
 the lakes of Neuchatel and Bienneare seen glittering in the di.«tance-, and 
 far to the X.E. Pilatus appears. — Descent from the Platte by Giindlischwond 
 to Zweiliitfchinen, 21/2-3 hrs., steep at places. At the small pond near the 
 Platte to the right we descend across meadows to the {^d hr.) lower chalets 
 of the Iselten-Alp (5116'; guide advisable to this point, 2 fr.); thence through 
 wood, no mistake being possible farther on. 
 
 Footpath fbom Gsteig to the Schtnige Platte (81/2 hrs.). We may 
 either cross the bridge bv the church of Gsteig and follow the road to the 
 right to (3/4 31.) Gsteigwyler; in the middle of the village take the bridle-
 
 Oherland. ABENDBERG. ///. Route 44. 153 
 
 path to the left, and very soon to the left again; after 17 min. ascend to 
 the right, through wood; or, shorter, we may ascend frona Gstei'^ to the 
 left, hy a path between tlie churcli and the inn, turning to the riiht where 
 the path divides, and in 20 min. reach the bridle-path at the point where 
 it enters the wood. We now ascend by numerous z'gzaga, crossing the 
 railway twice, to the (IV2 hr.) Schonegg (4754') and the ('/i hr.) Kurhaus 
 Breitlauenen (p. 162). We then cross the (50 min.) mountain-crest near its 
 W. extremity and follow the S. slope to the (35 min.) Alpenrose Inn (p. 152). 
 From the ScarNiCE Platte to the Fauluorn (4-472 hrs. ; horse 
 20 fr., guide unnecessary 8 fr.). The bridle-path (lately improved), com- 
 manding splendid views, leads to the Iselien-Alp and on the S. slopes of 
 the Lauchcrhoyn (8333') to the (I hr.) ridge bounding the Sdgisfhal on the 
 S. We then descend slightly to the (^U hr.) Sdgisthal See, with its chalet 
 (6258'), skirt its N. and E. banks, and ascend to the ridge between the 
 Schwahhorn and the Faulhom. The top of the latter, 2445 above the lake, 
 is gained in 2 hrs. more (see p. 16?). — From Interlaken via the Schynige 
 Platte, Faulhorn, Great Scheidegg, and Rosenlaui to Meiringen ,or Imhof 
 in two days, horse 50, guide and porter 25 fr. 
 
 The Habkernthal, between the Harder and St. Beatenberg, may 
 also he explored. Road to the village of (6 M.) Habkern (3500'; 
 Inn); one-horse carr. there and hack 15 fr. 
 
 "Three fine points of view may be visited hence. The 'Gemmenalp- 
 horn (6773') is reached by crossing the Brdndlisegg, or by following the 
 Biihlbach, in 4 hrs. Tor better from the Amisbiihel, p. 147). The Hohgant 
 (7215') is ascended in 4 hrs. via Bohl (5902') and the Eagletsch-Alp^ or by 
 the Alp Bosd'gdu and through the Karrholen. To the S.W. of the Hoh- 
 gant is the Griinenbevg (5095'), over which a pass leads from Eahkern to 
 Schnngnau in the Emmenthal ("6 hrs.). The Augstmatthom (Suggithurm, 
 6344'; 3V2 hrs.) is ascended via the Bodmi-AIp. 
 
 The *Abendberg is reached from Interlaken by a bridle-path in 
 11/2-'^ lirs. (horse 8, mule 6 fr.), turning to the right in the Wag- 
 nerenschlucht (p. 151), and passing mostly through -wood. The 
 *H6tel Bellevue (3737' ; pens, b^/o-^ fr.) commands a splendid view 
 of the valley of Lauterbrunnen (Jungfrau, Monch, Eiger, Schreck- 
 horn) and of the Lake of Brienz. A well-trodden path leads from 
 the last hut above the hotel to the right, across grass, to (20 min.) 
 a tall dead fir-tree, known as the Siebenuhrtanne (2125'), whence 
 there is a charming *View of the Lake of Thiin, lying far below. 
 
 A font-path leads past the different peaks of the Abendberg to the 
 (3 hrs.) Rothenegg (()'230'; shortest wav fmm the hotel. 2 hrs.) The next 
 peaks of the ranLC are the Fach<<egg (6346'), the Grosse Schiffli (6G74'), the 
 Kleine Sdnffli (6585') and fmally the Aiorgenberghorn (7383'). The last is 
 very difficult from this side (better from Saxeten, by the Tanzbodeli Pass, 
 see p. IFO). A footpath leads from the Hotel Bellevue to Saxeten in 1 hr. 
 (the upper path to the right in the meadow, behind the second chalet). 
 
 The Saxetenthal, between the Abendberg and the Bellenhochst 
 (6870'), is reached by a pleasant bridle-path (mule 7 fr.) to Miilinen 
 and the (7 M.) village of Saxeten (3600'; Kreuz). About IV4 M. 
 higher up are the falls of the Gilrben and Weissbach^ and the valley 
 is picturesquely closed by the Schwalmem (9137'). 
 
 The Sulegg (7915'; 372-4 hrs.), an excellent point of view, is ascended 
 from Saxeten. We ascend by the (35 min ) Giirbenfalt to the Untere 
 Jfesflern-Alp (4SC5'), cross the Giirbenbach to the left, and several other 
 brooks descending from the Sulegg. Beyond the (I74 hr ) Belkn-Alp (G2( 5'), 
 we turn to the right between the Bellenhochst (6S70') and the Sulegg, skirt 
 the E. slope of the latter, nearly as far as the Sulsalp, for V4 br., and
 
 Ibi JII. Route 45. ZWEILUTSCHINEN. Bernese 
 
 reach the top in 1 hr. more. The ascent is easier from Isenfluh (see below), 
 via the Gummenalp and Sulsalp (3V2hrs.; guide 10 fr.). — From Saxeten 
 over the Tanzhodeli Pass and through the Suldfhal to (6 hrs.) Aeschi, 
 see p. 180 (interesting; guide not indispensable). 
 
 Interlaken may also be made the traveller's headquarters for 
 many of the following excursions. 
 
 45. From Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen. Staubbach. 
 
 Co7np. Maps, pp. 148, 164. 
 
 8 M. Bail WAT from Interlaken- Ost (p. 14«) in 42 min., fares 3 fr. 25, 
 1 fr. 95 c, return 5 fr. 20, 3 fr. 15 c. ; circular tour from Interlaken to 
 Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald and back to Interlaken, 7 fr. 50, 4fr. 50 c; 
 from Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen, Zweiliitschinen, and Grindelwald, and 
 back to Interlaken, 10 fr., 6 fr. — The Eekxese Oberlaxd Railways 
 from Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald, opened in 1890, are 
 on the adhesive system (maximum gradient 85 : 1000), with short sections 
 on the rack-and-pinion system (maximum gradient 120 : ICKX)). — Carnage 
 from Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen (in fine weather preferable to the rail- 
 Avav) and back, including 2 hrs. stav, with one horse 9, two horses 15 fr.-, 
 to Triimmelbach 12 and 22, to Stechelberg 14 and 27 fr. 
 
 At the Interlaken- Ost station (1865'; p. 148; change carriages) 
 the line diverges to the right from the line to Bonigen and describes 
 a wide curve through the fertile plain of Interlaken to (V/o M.) 
 'Wilder swyl-Gsteig (1925'). To the right is the village of Wilderswyl 
 (p. 148) at the foot of the Abendberg (p. 153); to the left is the 
 church of Gsteig (Steinbock Inn; railway to the Schynige Platte. 
 see p. 152). The valley contracts ; the railway crosses the Lutschine 
 and ascends, at times through wood, on the E. side of the valley. 
 Below, to the right, is the Liitschine, and beyond it the high road. 
 To the right rises the precipitous Rothenfluk, overtopped by the 
 Sulegg; in the foreground, to the left, are the Hunnenfluh and the 
 Mannlichen, with the Monch and the Jungfrau adjacent. The rail- 
 way next crosses the Black Lutschine^ which descends from Grindel- 
 wald, near its union with the White Liitschine, to (5 M.) Zwei- 
 liitschinen (2150'; Bar), junction for the railway to Grindelwald 
 (p. 160; change carriages for Lauterbrunnen). To the left, in the 
 background of the Liitschenthal, rises the finely-shaped Wetterhorn. 
 
 Interesting excursion to (l^A hr.) Isenfluh (36C0'i 'Pens. Isenfluh, 5 fr.). 
 About V2 M. from Zweiliitschinen the bridle-path diverges to the right 
 from the Lauterbrunnen road and ascends the steep W. slope of the valley 
 (shade after 3 p.m.-, a second path ascends by the Sausbach opposite the 
 Hunnenfluh, see above ; a third ascends from Lauterbrunnen, opposite the 
 Hotel Steinbock). Isenfluh commands a splendid *View of the Jung- 
 frau. A still finer view is obtained from the path fbom Isenfldh to Mdreen 
 (31/4 hrs.: guide desirable for novices; from Zweiliitschinen to Mtirren 
 7 fr.). At the upper end of the village (^'4 hr.) this path turns to the left 
 and ascends to the (3/4 hr.) Sausbach (5050'), and then more steeply for 
 25 min. to the Floschwaldiceid (560S'). Here we turn to the left and proceed 
 to the chalets of Alpligen (5792'), where we descend. The path, which com- 
 mands a fine view of the Jungfrau and its neighbours, next traverses the 
 Pletschen-AJps, crosses the PletscJibach and the Spissbach, andreaches (lV4hr.) 
 the station of Grutsch-AIp and (35 min.) Miirren, (p. 156). — Ascent of the 
 Sulegg (7915'). 3'/2 hrs., see above.
 
 Oberland. LAUTERBRUNNEN. ///. Route 45. 155 
 
 The *Valley of Lauter^runnen begins at the Uunnenfluh , a 
 rock resembling a gigantic round tower, and is bounded by precipi- 
 tous limestone rocks, 1000-1500' in height. It derives its name 
 (lauter Brunnen, 'nothing but springs') from the numerous streams 
 which descend from the rocks, or from the springs which rise at 
 their bases in summer. The railway crosses to the left bank of the 
 White Liitschine and ascends its wooded valley, close to the high 
 road, crossing the Sausbach, by means of two rack-and-pinion sec- 
 tions (984 and 550 yds. long) to — 
 
 8 M. Lauterbrnnnen . — Hotels: '^ Steinhock^ near the station, R,, 
 L., & A. 3V2-4, B. 11/2, D. 31/2-4 fr. •, "Hdtel Staubbach, with view of the 
 Staubbach, R., L., & A. 3-4, D. 4 fr. ; ^Botel-Feiision Trummelhach (see 
 below). B. 3, lunch 3, D. 4, pens. 7 fr. — Guides : Christ., Joh., Ulvich, 
 and Peter Lauener., Heinr. and Fritz v. Almen, Fritz Graf., father and son, 
 Friedr. Fuchs., Ulrich Brunner., etc. — Carved wood good and cheap here. 
 
 Lauterbrunnen ('2615'), a pretty, scattered village, lies on both 
 banks of the Liitschine, in a rocky valley 1/0 ^I- broad, into which in 
 July the sun's rays do not penetrate before 7 a.m., and in winter 
 not till noon. The snow-mountain to the left, rising above the lower 
 mountains, is the Jungfrau; to the right is the Breithorn. 
 
 From the rocky heights in the environs are precipitated some 
 twenty brooks, the best known of which is the *Staubbach ('dust- 
 brook'), 5 min. to the S. of the Hotel Staubbach. This brook, which 
 is never of great volume, and in dry summers is disappointing, 
 descends from a projecting rock in a single fall of 980', the greater 
 part of it, before it reaches the ground, being converted into spray, 
 which bedews the meadows and trees far and near. In the morning, 
 in sunshine, it resembles a transparent, silvery veil, wafted to and 
 fro by the breeze, and frequently tinted with rainbow hues. By 
 moonlight also it presents a beautiful appearance. The best point 
 of view is in a meadow in front of the fall, to the left of a seat in- 
 dicated by a flag (20 c). 
 
 Even finer than the Staubbach is the *Triimmelbach. Fall 
 (II/4 hr.'s walk, there and back; one-horse carr., incl. stay, 4 fr.). 
 We follow the Stechelberg road (p. 159) on the right bank of the 
 Liitschine for 11/2 M. to the charmingly situated *H6ttl-Pension 
 Trummelbach (see above), and diverge to the left, to the (7 min.) 
 entrance of a narrow gorge (rendered accessible by steps and railings 
 on botli sides ; adm. 50 c.), where the copious Trummelbach^ fed 
 by the glaciers of the Jungfrau, is precipitatad into a round water- 
 worn cauldron. During sunshine three rainbows are formed in the 
 spray, one above, another opposite, and the third below the spectator, 
 a beautiful scene. In 1890, two higher points of the imposing 
 Trummelbach gorge were also made accessible (steps and rails), and 
 deserve a visit. 
 
 Through the Trii/nleien-Thal to the Wengern-Alp (p. 161), 3 hrs., with 
 guide, somewhat trying but highly interesting. — To the Roththal-Hut. 
 see p. 160.
 
 156 
 
 46. Upper Valley of Lauterbrunnen. Miirren. Fall 
 of the Schmadribach. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. liS. 164,. 
 
 Railway (cable and electric railway, opened in 1891) from Lauter- 
 brunnen to Miirren in 55 min. Cfares 3 fr. 75 c, there and back 6 fr.). — 
 Distance on foot: from Lauterbrunnen to Miirren 2V2, Tracbsellauenen 2, 
 tlie Schmadri Fall and back 2 (from Miirren over the Upper Steinberg to 
 Tracbsellauenen 4V2 br.?.), Lauterbrunnen 2V2 brs. — The excursion from 
 Lauterbrunnen to *Murren and thence into the upper Lauterbrunnen Valley 
 (Schmadri/all^ Upper Steinberg Alp) is strongly recommended (easily accom- 
 plished in a day by using the railway as far as Miirren^. The views from 
 Miirren and the' Upper Steinberg are among the grandest in Switzerland. 
 
 The Station of the Cable Railway is 2 min. from the station of 
 the Bernese Oberland Railway (p. 155). above the road. The railway 
 mounts straight uphill (maximum gradient 60 : 100) through mead- 
 ows and wood to the upper terminus on the Griitsch Alp (4975). 
 Here we change carriages for the electric railway, which continues to 
 follow the slope, high up, crossing the Pletschbach or Stauibach 
 and then the Spissbach and Miirrenbach to (21/2 ^^0 Miirren. To 
 the left, a magnificent *View of an amphitheatre of mountains and 
 glaciers unfolds : the Eiger and the Monch, the Jungfrau with its 
 dazzling Schneehorn and Silberhorn , the huge precipices of the 
 Schwarze Monch rising abruptly from the valley, the wall of the 
 Ebne-Fluh with its conical peak to the left and its mantle of spot- 
 less snow, the Mittaghorn, the Grosshorn, the Breithorn (from which 
 the Schmadribach descends), the Tschingelhorn, the Tschingelgrat, 
 and the Gspaltenhorn. This prospect is far grander than that from 
 the Wengernalp , although the view thence of the Jungfrau itself 
 isunrivalled. 
 
 The Beidle-path feom Lauterbrunnen to Mueeen, 21/2 brs., which is 
 very muddy after rain, ascends rapidly to the right about 200 paces from 
 the Steinbock Hotel, trends to the right, and crosses the Greifenbach twice. 
 Beyond the second bridge (20 min.) it ascends through \vood, crosses the 
 Fluhbachli, the (20 min.) Lauibach (fine waterfall), and the EerreTibdchli, 
 and reaches (25 min.) the bridge over the scanty Pletschbach or Staubbach 
 (4037'; Rfmts.). In 5 min. more, where the wood has been much thinned, 
 we obtain a beautiful view of the Jungfrau, Monch, and Eiger, which 
 remain in sight for the rest of the way. Farther up, by Oh l^''-) a saw- 
 mill (4923'), we cross two branches of the Spissbach^ in 25 min. more 
 reach the top of the hill (view see above) and then walk alongside the 
 railway to 0/2 hr.) Miirren. 
 
 Murren (5350'; *Grand Hot. i$- Kurhaus Miirren, 4 min. from 
 the station, R., L., & A. 5-8, B. IV-,, lunch 3, D. 5, pens, in July 
 and Aug. 10-15, at other times 8-13 fr. ; *Gr.E6t. des Alpes, similar 
 charges; '■^HoL Jungfrau, R., L., & A. 3, pens. 8 fr. ; Hot. Eiger, 
 pens. 8 fr., well spoken of; Engl. Ch. Serv.) is a magnificently 
 situated mountain village, much frequented as a summer-resort. 
 The Wetterhorn becomes visible to the left, and the Sefinen-Furgge 
 to the extreme right (p. 159). 
 
 A more extensive view is obtained from the Allmendhitbel (635S'; V* 
 hr.), a height to the W., above the village, and from the Obere Winteregg 
 (6738'), 1/2 br. to the N.W. The path to the latter diverges to the left from 
 the Lauterbrunnen path about 10 min. from the Hotel Miirren (finger-post).
 
 GIMMELWALD. III. Route 46. 157 
 
 The best point of view is by the upper 
 chalet (to the right). Nothing is gained 
 by ascending the hill tn the left. 
 
 The 'Schilthorn (9747'; 3'Aj-4 hrs., 
 giiide 8 fr.) is an admirable point 
 of view. The path ascends pastures 
 to the chalets of Allmend (on the right 
 is the Allmendhubel, see above), and 
 farther up enters the dreary Engeihal, 
 which ends in a rocky basin at the 
 foot of the Schilthorn (to this point, 
 2V2 hrs. from Miirren, riding is prac- 
 ticable; horse 12 fr.). Then a steep 
 ascent over snow, loose stones, and 
 rock, past the monument to BIrs. 
 Arbuthnot, who was killed here by 
 lightning in 1865, to the arete be- 
 tween the Kleine and Orosse Scfiilt- 
 horn, and without difficulty to the 
 (1 hr.) flattened summit. Magnificent 
 survey of the Jungfrau, the queen of 
 the Bernese Alps , and of the whole 
 chain (including the Bliimlisalp, to 
 the S.W., quite near), and of N. 
 Switzerland (tbe Rigi, Pilatus, etc.); 
 Panorama by Imfeld. Mont Blanc is 
 not visible hence, but is seen from 
 the arete, about 250 yds. to the W., a 
 little below the summit. — The de- 
 scent through the imposing Sefinenthal 
 (see below), by the Sefinenalp and the 
 Teufelsbriicke (a fine point above 
 Gimmelwald), is longer by iV2 hr. 
 than the direct path, but far more 
 interesting (unsuitable for ladies). A 
 shorter way back leads past XheGraue 
 Seeli and down the steep Schiltjluhe 
 (guide advisable), and afterwards 
 through the beautiful pastures of 
 the SchiUalp, with views of the 
 Jungfrau, etc. — Another route (in- 
 teresting ; guide advisable) crosses 
 the Rothe Herd and the Telli (a saddle 
 between the Grosse Hundshorn and 
 the Wild-Andrist) to the Diirrenberg 
 Chalets in the Kienfhal (see p. 159). 
 
 From Miirren the path des- 
 cends to the left; 10 min., we 
 cross the Miirrenbach ; 25 min., 
 Gimmelwald (4545' ; Hot.-Pens, 
 Schilthorn^ pens. 5-6 fr., Engl. 
 Church Service in summer), on 
 the brink of the grand Sefinenthal, 
 which is enclosed by the Biitt- 
 lassen, the Gspaltenhorn, and the 
 Tschingelgrat. 
 
 To the Sefinenthal, an interest- 
 ing walk (as far as the Gspaltenhorn 
 Glacier and back 3 hrs.; guide unnec-
 
 loS III. Route 46, TRACHSELLAUENEN. Bernese 
 
 essary). To the W. of the Pension Schilthorn we cross the (5 min.) 
 Schilibach., and ascend by a beautiful path on the left side of the Sefinen- 
 thal (with the superb Jungfrau behind us); then (3/4 hr.) cross a bridge 
 and enter a pine-wood, and lastly, in a grand basin, with numerous water- 
 falls , traverse stony debris to the (2/4 hr.) Gspaltenhorn (or KirchipaU) 
 Glacier, at the foot of the Gspaltenhorn. Back by the same route. 
 
 We next (1/4 hr.) cross the Sefinen-Liitschine , and ascend for 
 3 min., then descend. In 10 min. more we pass the fine*Fall of the 
 Seflnen-Liitschine on the left. Beyond a brook descending from 
 the right , 2 min. farther on , the path divides : the branch to the 
 left descends steeply to {^/^hx.') Stechelberg (see below); that to the 
 right (finger-post) leads to (50 min.) Trachsellauenen (4145'; Hot. 
 Schmadribach, R., L., & A. 2V2, B- 1V2? pens. 5 fr.), a picturesque 
 cluster of chalets on the left bank of the Weisse Lutschine. The path 
 (several finger-posts), still following the left bank, ascends, first to 
 the right and then to the left, round the projecting rocks of the Nadla 
 (from the top, a view of the waterfall) and past the chalets of the 
 (72 hr.) Lower Steinberg Alp (44S0'), where it crosses (to the left) 
 the Thalbach (two bridges). Ascending the pastures on the right 
 bank, we pass a waterfall, mount the Holdri, and reach (Y2 hr.) the 
 Lager Chalet, in sight of the grand *Sclimadribach Fall. The stream 
 must be crossed higher up by those who desire a nearer view, but 
 this takes another hour, and hardly repays the loss of time. — From 
 the Upper Steinberg Alp (5795') , which is seen high up on the 
 pastures to the right (ascent 1 72 ^^- from Trachsellauenen ; guide 
 not indispensable), the *View is far more imposing; the Tschingel 
 Glacier lies close to us on the right, and we also obtain a good survey 
 of the Schmadri Fall. On the Alp is the small Tschingel Hotel (well 
 spoken of), and 20 min. farther up the * Hotel Ober-Steinberg (un- 
 pretending; pens, from 5 fr.). 
 
 A pleasant walk (boy as guide IV2-2 fr.) may be taken from the Upper 
 Steinberg along the Tschingel Glacier, and via the Oherhornalp to the (1^2 hr.) 
 *Oberhornsee (6822'), a beautiful blue little lake, magnificently situated 
 in the rocky hollow between the Tschingel and Breithorn glaciers. 
 
 From Mijeeen to the Uppee Steixbeeg, direct (3 hrs.; guide 7 fr.). 
 At the point where the path to Stechelberg diverges from the road to 
 Trachsellauenen (1 hr. from Miirren, see above) we diverge to the right, 
 and in 20 min. again turn to the right. Passing (20 min.) a deserted shaft, 
 we ascend to the right in zigzags (past a good spring) to (25 min.) a cattle- 
 shed, and cross a precipitous gorge. The enclosure opposite marks the 
 beginning of the Obere Steinberg-Alp. In 40 min. more we reach the Inn 
 (see above), and enjoy a superb view. Descent across pastures and through 
 wood (Wilde Eck); then through a narrow ravine, stony and steep, and 
 •under two timber-slides, to (1 hr.) the chalets of Unter- Steinberg. 
 
 From Trachsellauenen to Lauterbrunnen, 2 hours. At (25 min.) 
 Sichellauenen we cross the Lutschine, which dashes wildly down its 
 rocky bed, and follow the lower road running close by the stream. 
 At the (74 hr.) Bridge of Stechelberg (3025' ; Yon Allmen's Inn, pens. 
 5 fr.) we reach the bottom of the valley and the carriage-road. Near 
 (3/4M.) Matten, a fall of the MiXrrenbach to the left. At the (8/4 M.) 
 Dornige Brilcke we keep to the right. We pass (72 M-) ^ waterfall 
 of the Rosenbach , and in 72 M. more the picturesquely situated
 
 Oberland. TSCHINGEL PASS JIJ. Route 46. 159 
 
 * Hot.- Pens. Triimmelbach (about ^4 M. to the right, the Fall of the 
 Triimmelbach, see p. 155]. — Then (1 1/2 M.) Lauterbruiinen (p. 1 55). 
 Passes (comp. Map, p. 180). Fkom Lauterbrcnnen over the Sefixen- 
 FuRGGE TO THE KiENTHAL, DOt difficult, and on the whole attractive 
 (10-11 hrs. to Reichenbach; guide 26 fr.). From (2^2 hrs.) Murren (p. 156j 
 the path ascends via. the Alp Boganggen to the (3 hrs.) Sefinen-Furgge 
 (8583'), between the Grosse Hundshorn (9620') and the Biiltlassen (10,490'; 
 p. ISO). (The path by Gimmelwald and through the Sefinenthal is easier, but 
 1 hr. longer.) Descent (fine view of the Wilde P'rau and Bliimlisalp) past 
 the chalets of Diirrenberg (654o'j, and of Steinenberg (4856' ; night-quarters) 
 to the huts of Goi'neren, bv the Bdrenp/ad to the (2 hrs.) Tschingel-Alp 
 (3783') and down the Kienthdl to &h hrs.) Reichenhach (p. 180). — From the 
 Steinenberg-Alp over the Gamchiliicke to the Tschingelfivn^ see p. 1S<J. 
 
 From Lauterbrcnnen to Kandersteg over the Sefinex-Forggk and 
 THE HoHTHURLi , a loug and fatiguing walk (14 hrs. ; guide necessary, 
 30 fr.). The night may, if necessary, be passed at the Diirrenberg chalets 
 or in the Frauenbalm Hut. Over the Sejinen-Furgge to the Kienlhal, see 
 above. Before the path reaches the Steinenberg-Alp we descend to the 
 left, cross the Pochtenbach (the discharge of the Gamchi Glacier^ p. ISO), 
 ascend to the Lower and Upper Bundalp^ and traverse pastures, stony 
 slopes, and snow to (4Vj hrs, from the Furgge) the Hohthiirli or Siinden 
 Pass (8875'), a depression of the Oeschinengrat between the Schwarzhovn 
 (9150') and the Wilde Frau (10,693'), affording a superb view of the Bliimlis- 
 alp, Doldenhorn, etc. (To the left of the pass is the F)-auenbalm Club ffut, 
 p. 181.) We now descend over loose stones and the rucky ledges of the 
 Schafberg (with the Bliimlisalp Glacier quite near us on the left) to the 
 Upper Oesc/dnen-Alp (6470'), and by steep steps cut in the rock, to the Lower 
 Oeschinen-Alp, pass round the N.W. side of the Oeschinen- See (5223'), and 
 reach (4 hrs.) Kandersteg (p. 180). 
 
 *From Lauterbrunnen to Kandersteg over the Tschingel Pass 
 (14 hrs.; 6-7 hrs. on snow and ice; guide 30, porter 25 fr.), a grand route, 
 fatiguing, but for tolerable mountaineers free from difficulty. A night had 
 better be spent at (2 hrs.) Trachsellauenen or on the Upper Steinberg (see 
 p. 158). We now follow the W. slope of the valley to the (3/4 hr.) Lower 
 Tschingel Glacier, cross it, and toil up the left lateral moraine to the 
 ('/■.' hr.) base of the W. rocks, the ascent of which is very steep at first; 
 a nearly perpendicular part, called the Tschingeltritt, is about 13' high. 
 Farther up (40 min.) we come to turf (pleasanter; a halt usually made 
 here; superb view). Then again across debris in 1/2 hr. to the upper 
 Tschingelfirn, an immense expanse of snow; for 20 min. we follow the left 
 moraine, and then take to the glacier, where the rope becomes necessary. 
 A gradual ascent of 1^/4 hr. brings us to the top of the Tschingel Pass 
 (9267'), where a view of the mountains of the Gasternthal is disclosed; 
 behind us towers the most majestic Jungfrau with her S. neighbours, and to 
 the left is the Eiger. On the right are the furrowed Gspaltenhorn (p. 180) 
 aud the Gamchilucke (92'J5' ; pass to the Kienthal. p. 180). An additional 
 hour may be devoted to visiting the latter, which affords a striking survey 
 of the Kieuthal, the Xiesen, and the Bernese plain. To the left of the 
 Tschingel Pass rises the Mutthorn (997S'). The descent across the snow 
 is easy. (The W. arm of the glacier, bounded on the right by the rocky 
 walls of the Blumlisalp and the Friindenhorn, aud on the left by the 
 Petersgrat, is called the Kanderjirn.) After V/t hr. we quit the snow for 
 the left lateral moraine. The route de- scends steeply, over loose stones 
 and then over grass, to the Gasternthal, passing a spur which overlooks 
 the magnificent ice-fall of the Kander Glacier (which has receded greatly 
 of late). We then for a considerable time follow the narrow crest of 
 a huge old moraine, which descends precipitously on the right to the 
 former bed of the glacier, 170-200' below; IV2 hr., bridge over the Kander; 
 6 miu., the first chalet (coffee, milk, and two beds); 1/4 hr., Selden ; 2 hrs., 
 Kandersteg (p. ISO). 
 
 Trom Lacterbrcnnen to the Lotschenthal over the Petersgrat 
 (.from Trachsellauenen to Ried 10-11 hrs.), trying , but very grand (guide
 
 160 HI. Routed?. LUTSCHENTHAL. Bernese 
 
 40 fr.). From Trachsellauenen to the (3i/2-4 lirs.) upper Tschingelfrn, see 
 above. On the glacier we ascend to the left, between the Mutthorn and 
 the Tschingelhorn^ to the (3 hrs.) Petersgrat (10.515'), a lofty snow- arete 
 commanding a superb view of the Alps of the Valais. Then a steep descent 
 over snow, rocky slopes, and turf, either through the Ausser Faflev-Thal 
 to the Fnflev Alp (at the Chalet Seller refreshm. and 2 beds), or through 
 the Tellithal to Blatten and (372 hrs.) Ried (p. 186). — The Wetterlucke 
 (10.365'), between the Tschingelhorn and Breithorn; the Schmadrijoch 
 (10,863'), between the Breithom and Grosshorn: and theMittagjoch(12.150'), 
 between the Grosshorn and Mittaghorn, are difficult (guides 45-50 fr.). 
 
 From Lacterbeunnen to the Eggishorn' over theLauinenthor (12,000'), 
 a difficult and hazardous expedition (18 hrs., the night being spent in the 
 Eoththal Hut; guide 100 fr.), through the wild Roththal, across the huge rock- 
 arete connecting the Jungfrau (13,670') and Gletscherhorn (13,064')- and down 
 the Kranzberg-Firn and the Great Al&tsch Glacier to the Concordia Hut and 
 the Eggishorn Hotel (p. 305). — Over the Roththal-Sattel (12.330'), close 
 to the Jungfrau (p. 162), also verv difficult and dangerous (19-20 hrs. to 
 the Eggishorn). — Over the Ebnefluhjoch (12,300'), between the Ebnefluh 
 and Mittaghorn^ very laborious, but without danger to experts (15-16 hrs.). 
 — It will repay a good walker to go as far as the Eoththal Hut (8860'; 
 6 hrs. from Lauterbriinnen, crossing the Stu/en stein- Alp), and to return the 
 same way (a good day's walk; for experts only; guide 15 fr.). 
 
 47. From Interlaken to Grindelwald. Wengernalp. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 148, 164:. 
 
 12 M. Oberlakd Pl,ailwat (comp. p. 154) in 1 hr. 12 min. (fares 5, 
 3 fr., return 8 fr., 4 fr. 80 c). Carriage from Interlaken to Grindelwald 
 and back in one day, one-horse 13, two-horse 25 fr., in two days 28 or 45 fr. 
 ■ — Far preferable is the journey via L'auterbrunnen and thence by the 
 new -Wexgeexalp Railway to Grindelwald (from Lauterbrunnen to 
 Grindelwald. 11 M., in 21/2 hrs.; 2nd class 14 fr. 40 c, 3rd cl. 9 fr.). — 
 Pedestrians still often prefer the beautifal Walk over the Wengernalp to 
 Grindelwald ; bridle-path to the Wengernalp 3 (descent 2), Little Scheidegg 
 3/4 (descent '2), Grindelwald 2V2 hrs. (ascent 3V2) ; in all 6V4 hrs. from 
 Lauterbrunnen. 
 
 I. Oberland Railway. From Interlaken to (5 M.) Zifjei^ii^sc/imen 
 (2150'), see p. 154. The railway to Grindelwald diverges to the left 
 from that to Lauterbrunnen, and beyond the hamlet of Giindlischwand 
 approaches the Black Liitschine. It then ascends the left bank of 
 the stream, traversing a tunnel and a snow-shed, in the finely wooded 
 and populous Lutschenthal. The road runs on the other bank, 
 beneath the slopes of the Schynige Platte (p. 152). Beyond the 
 station of (71/2 ^1-) Liitschenthal (2355') the railway also crosses to 
 the right bank and ascends the Stalden by oieans of a rack-and- 
 pinion section (1935 yds. long; gradient 12 : 100) to (9 M.) Burg- 
 lauenen (2915' j. In front appear the Wetterhorn and theBerglistock. 
 Farther on we pass through the defile of the Ortiveid, after which 
 a view of the beautiful valley of Grindelwald is suddenly disclosed : 
 to the right is the massive Eiger, adjoined by the Jungfrau with 
 the Schneehorn and the Silberhorn; in the middle distance are the 
 Mettenberg and the Schreckhorner, farther off the Finsteraarhorn 
 and the Grosse Fiescherborn ; and to the left the graceful Wetter- 
 horn. The railway finally ascends another toothed rail section 
 (1420 yds.) to (12 M.) Grindelwald (p. 163). The station (3400') 
 is at the W. end of the village, l '4 M. from the Bar Hotel.
 
 Oberland. WENGERNALP. III. Route 47. 161 
 
 II. From Lauteebrunnen to Grindel-wald over the Wex- 
 GBRNALP. The *Wengerxalp Line (rack- and -pinion railway on 
 lliggenbach's system ) skirts the left bank of the Liitschine, turns to 
 the left above the village, and crosses the river opposite the Staub- 
 bach (p. 155). It then rapidly ascends the steep slopes below the 
 village of Wengen, where it passes over several viaducts and bridges. 
 To the left we overlook the lower Lauterbrunnen Valley; high up is 
 the village of Isenfluh, and farther back the Sulegg (p. 153). As- 
 cending through meadows interspersed with trees, and describing a 
 wide curve, the train arrives at the (1 2/3 M.) station of Wengen 
 (4190'), situated above the scattered village of that name, muih vis- 
 ited as a summer and health resort (*Pens. Alpenrose and *H6t.- 
 Pens. Mittaghorn^ pens. 5-6 f r. , nearest to the station; *Pens. 
 Wengen, 5-51/2 fr., 20 min. to the S. ; 20 min. lower down still, on 
 the Lauterbrunnen path, the small Hot.-Pens. Silberhorn , see be- 
 low). — Farther on , we gradually ascend towards the S. , enjoying 
 a continuous view of the grand mountains and glaciers of the upper 
 Lauterbrunnen Valley, dominated by the Breithorn. We pass along 
 the base of the precipitous Tschuggen (p. 163) and below the slopes 
 of the Lauberhorn (p. 163), and, skirting the Galtbachhorn (7608') 
 to the left by a lofty embankment, reach the (472 ^f-) station of 
 Wengernalp (6158'; '^'Hot. Jungfrau, R., L., & A? 4-5, B. 2, D. 
 4 fr. ; carved wood by A. Zurfliih) , situated on a sloping meadow. 
 To the W. we obtain a good survey of the valley of Lauterbrunnen, 
 with the Staubbach (p. 155) reduced to a mere thread, its upper 
 fall, and the windings of the brook before its final leap. High above 
 the valley are the large hotels of MQrren. 
 
 Bkidle-path from Lacterbrunnen to the Wengeexalp (3 hrs.). From 
 the station, wc descend to the left past the Hotel Steinbock, cross the 
 Liitschine, and ascend straight on, soon joining the path from the Staub- 
 bach Hotel. 3/4 br. Hot.-Pens. Silberhorn., with~ a pavilion which ntTords 
 a beautiful view of the Lauterbruunen Valley. Farther up, where (20 min.) 
 a finger-post shows the way to the right to the 0/i br.) Pens. ]Venge}i., we 
 keep to the left to the (S min.) Hdt.-P&iis. Mittaghorn, and next reach the 
 (3 min.) Pens. Alpenrose (above, to the left, is the We)igen station; see 
 above). We then ascend straight on towards the precipitous Tschuggen 
 fp. 163), at the base of which (V2 hr. ; cantine) the path turns to the right; 
 it then passes a second cantine (famous echo), skirts the slopes of the 
 Lauberhorn. and enters a pine-wood (marshy at places). On quitting the 
 wood (40 min.) we avoid the broad path in a straight direction (which 
 leads to the Mettlenalp, p. 162), and ascend to the left, rapidly at first, 
 to the (Vihr. ) Hoiel Jung/ran (see above). 
 
 The *Jnngfraii (13,670'), with her dazzling shroud of eternal 
 snow^, flanked by the Silberhorn (12,155') on the right, and the 
 Schneehorn {ii, 20b') on the left, now appears in all her majesty. 
 The proportions of the mountain are so gigantic, that the eye in 
 vain attempts to estimate them, and distance seems annihilated by 
 their vastness. The highest peak, farther S., is not visible hence or 
 from Latiterbrunnen. The base, as far as it is seen, is precipitous. 
 
 Avalanches. These terrible and magnificent phenomena are caused by 
 the accumulation of vast masses of snow and ice on the upper parts of the 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 1 1
 
 1Q2 III. Routed?. JUNGFRAU. Bernese 
 
 mountains, from which, as the warmer season advances, they slide off by 
 their own weight with irresistible force. On the Wengernalp the traveller 
 will have an opportunity of witnessing the ice-avalanche, or fall of portions 
 of the glacier detached under the influence of the summer's sun. Seen 
 from a distance the falling ice, breaking into fragments in its descent, re- 
 sembles a rushing cataract , and is accompanied by a noise like thunder. 
 These avalanches are most numerous shortly after noon, when the sun 
 exercises its greatest power. Except that the solemn stillness which 
 reigns in these desolate regions is interrupted by the echoing thunders of the 
 falling masses , the spectacle can hardly be called imposing. The appar- 
 ently insignificant white cascade, however, often consists of himdreds of 
 tons' of ice , capable of sweeping away whole forests and villages, but 
 fortunately descending into the uninhabited Triimleten-Thal, a deep gorge 
 between the Jungfrau and the Wengernalp. 
 
 Between 1811, when the Jungfrau was scaled for the first time by the 
 two Meyers of Aarau, and till 1S58 the ascent was only accomplished five 
 times ; but it has since been undertaken frequently, and though extremely 
 fatiguing, is unattended with danger to experts (guides 80 fr. each; with 
 descent to the Eggishorn, 100 fr. : porter 60 and 80 fr.). The ascent from 
 Grindelwald is much facilitated by spending a night in the Berglihutte 
 fp. 166). 8-9 hrs. from Grindelwald; thence over the Monchjoch and the Jung- 
 fraufirn to the Roththal-Sattel (p. 160) 4-41/2 hrs.. and to the top in I'A br. 
 more. — Travellers ascending from the Eggishorn Hotel spend the night in 
 the Concordiahiitte (p. 305), 5 hrs. from 1;he hotel: thence to the summit 
 6-7 hrs. — The ascent from Lauterbrunnea by the Roththal-Sattel is very 
 hazardous and has now been practically abandoned. In 18S5 the Jungfrau 
 was ascended by a new route from the Roththal Eui (p. 160), leaving the 
 Roththal to the right (5V'2-TV2 hrs., a steep rock climb, but not dangerous 
 for climbers with steady heads ; guide SO, with descent to the Eggishorn 
 100 fr.). — The Silberhorn (12,155') was ascended for the first time, in 
 1863, by Ed. v. Fellenherg and A'arZ Baedeker (from the Wengern-Scheid- 
 egg by the Eiger , Guggi^ and Giessan Glaciers, in 12V2 hrs.; difficult 
 and trying; guide 50 fr.). The ascent by the W. arete was first per- 
 formed in 1837 by Mr. Seymour King with the guides Ambr. Supersax 
 and L. Zurbriicken. 
 
 The Mettlenalp (5580')- on the N. side of the Triimleten-Thal, also af- 
 fords a noble survey of the Jungfrau. From the bifurcation of the path, 2 hrs. 
 from Lauterbrunnen and 3/4 }xt. from the Hotel Jungfrau (p. 161), we reach 
 the Alp in a straight direction in ^ 4 hr.; the Jungfrau is here visible from 
 base to summit. From the Mettlenalp we may either ascend to the Wengern- 
 alp in 3,4 hr., or walk round the head of the Triimleten-Thal to the (1 hr.) 
 Biglenalp, with the Kiihlauenen Glacier. From the Biglenalp to the 
 Wengernalp ^/^ hr. 
 
 A visit to the G-uggi Club-Hut (7970, at the If.W. base of the Monch, 
 between the Eiger and Guggi Glaciers, is recommended to good walkers 
 with steady heads (3-4 hrs. from the Wengernalp or the Kleine Scheidegg, 
 with guide, 5 fr.). The passage of the crevassed Eiger Glacier, which has 
 advanced considerably of late years, and forms a beautiful archway of ice 
 with a lofty waterfall" at its lower end, takes li 2-2 hrs. (step-cutting being 
 necessary from the middle onwards) ; then a steep climb of IV2 hr. over 
 rock, debris, and patches of snow to the Club Hut, grandly situated. 
 Steep descent over the ridges of rock below the Guggi Glacier to the 
 (IV2 hr.) upper end of the Bandlauinetmand , and a somewhat difficult 
 clamber down this slope to the Biglenalp (see above). 
 
 A gradual ascent of 10 min. by rail brings us to the (6^/4 M.) 
 station Scheidegg, on tbe summit of the pass, called the Little Schei- 
 degg, Lauterbrunnen - Scheidegg , or Wengern- Scheidegg (QISS'; 
 *H6tel Bellevue, R., L., & A. 4-5, B 2, D. 4 fr. ; wood-carver Jean 
 Zurfliih). This ridge, which descends abruptly on both sides, affords 
 a striking view of the valley of Grindelwald , bounded on the N. by
 
 Oherland. GRINDELWALD. III. Route 47. 163 
 
 the mountains which separate it from the Lake of Brienz (to the ex- 
 treme left is the blunt cone of theFaulhorn with its inn). On the S., 
 a splendid view of the Monch, Eiger and Jungfrau, with the Silher- 
 horn and Schneehorn. 
 
 The -Xauberhom (8120'), a peak rising from the ridge which runs to 
 the N. from the Scheidegg to the Mannlichen, may be ascended from the 
 Scheidegg in 1 hr., or from the Wengernalp in liy'2 hr. This ascent is chiefly 
 recommended to those who have not visited the Faulhorn. View extensive 
 and imposing. Travellers from Grindelwald add only IV2 hr. to their walk 
 by taking the route from the Scheidegg to the Htjtel Jungfrau over the Lau- 
 berhorn. Guide hardly necessary. — The Tschuggen (8278'; ascent more 
 fatiguing), which rises to the X. of the Lauberhorn, commands a more ex- 
 tensive, but less picturesque view. — Or the traveller may walk from the 
 Scheidegg along the E. slope of the Tschuggen to the (27^-3 hra.) -M&nn- 
 lichen (7695'), the N. summit of this ridge (p. 165). In this case the walk 
 from Lauterbrunnen to Grindelwald will take 9-10 hrs. The Mannlichen 
 may also be ascended direct from Wengen (steep but not difficult •, guide 
 6 fr,, to Grindelwald 10, from Lauterbrunnen to Grindelwald 12 fr.). — 
 The Fallbodenhuhel (7136'), reached in 1/2 hr. by ascending the pastures 
 to the S. of the Scheidegg, affords a good survey of the Eiger and Guggi 
 Glaciers. — A fine new ice grotto has been hewn into the Eiger Glacier 
 (bridle-path, Ihr. from the Scheidegg). — To the Guggi Club Hut, see 
 p. 162; ascent of the Eiger and ifdnch, see p. 162 Silberhorn, see p. 165. 
 
 We descend, at first high above the bridle-bath, over the stony 
 slopes and scanty pastures of the Wergisthal-Alp, at the foot of the 
 Eiger, to (8M.) station Alpiglen (5287'; *Hdtel des Alpes ^ pens. 
 5-6 fr.) , on a commanding terrace. [The direct path hence to the 
 •Eismeer' (p. 165) is interesting and repaying, but should be 
 attempted only by experts with guides, ice-axes, and ropes.] Then 
 a steep descent into the valley of the Black LiitscJiine, to (101/2^1-) 
 stat. Grand (3103'), whence the train backs out, crosses the Liit- 
 schine, and re-ascends to the Oberland Station at (11 M.) Grindel- 
 xvald (p. 160). 
 
 Grindelwald. — *Bar, at the W. end of the village, rebuilt in 1893, 
 R., L., & A. 4-5 fr. ; *Schwarzek Adleb, at the E. end, with a pleasant earden, 
 R., L., ife A. 4-5, B. IV2, D. 4-4V2, pens. 10 fr. ; Hot. Eiger, in the middle 
 of the village, R., L., & A. 31/2, D. 4, pens. 6-7 fr. ; *H6t. dd Glacier, 
 outside the village, to the W., R. from S'/z, B. IV2, D. 4, A. 1, pens, 
 8 fr. ; Hot.-Pexs. Grindelwald, R. 3 fr. ; Hot.-Pens. Bdrgener , R. 21/2, 
 B. IV4, pens. 6-7 fr. ; Pension Schonegg, by the post-office, with gar- 
 den, pens. 5 fr. — Guides: Peter Baumann ('amGuggen'). Christ, and Ulrich 
 Aimer, Chr. Jossi, Hud. Kaufmann (Obmann), Peter Baumann - Tu/tbacfi, 
 Peter Schlegel, Chr. Bohren-Trychelegg^ Peter Kaufmann ('Grabenpeter''), 
 Rud. Kaufmann-Bohren, Chr. Roth, two Hans Kau/manns, Hans Baumann, 
 Gott. Meier, Hans Bernet, Ul. Ruhi, the brothers Jossi, Joh. Heimann, and 
 many others. — Taritf mentioned in the description of each excursion. 
 
 Grindelwald (3468'; pop. 3087), properly Gydisdorf, a large 
 village of widely scattered houses, is an excellent starting-point for 
 mountain excursions, and also a favourite summer-resort, the situa- 
 tion being sheltered and healthful. A large portion of the village 
 was burned down on 18th Aug. 1892, during a violent Foehn , but 
 the reconstruction is rapidly advancing. 
 
 Grindelwald chiefly owes its repute to its two Glaciers, which, 
 however, are inferior to the Rhone Glacier and many others in 
 
 11*
 
 164 III. Routed?. GRINDELWALD. Bernese 
 
 Switzerland. Three gigantic mountains bound the valley on the S., the 
 Eiger (13,040'), the Mettenberg (10,197'), which forms the base of 
 the Schreckhorn, and the Wetterhorn (12,150'). Between these lie 
 the two glaciers, which form the source of the Black Lutscliine. 
 
 To visit the *TJpper Glacier (horse there and back 8 fr.) we 
 follow the Great Scheidegg path (p. 168) as far as the (3/4 hr.) Hotel 
 Wetterhorn (4040'; R. li/o, pens. 41/2-0 fr.; cannon-shot 50 c), 
 near which we pass a memorial to Dr. A. Haller of Burgdorf and 
 two guides, who perished on the Lauteraar Glacier in 1880. Here 
 we diverge to the right, cross the Liitschine and the moraine, and 
 in 10 min. reach the artificially hewn Ice Grotto (adm. 50 c. ; a 
 small fee is also usually given). 
 
 Another way back to Grindelwald (guide not indispensable) is by a 
 path diverging before the bridge over the Liitschine, and ascending the 
 left moraine to the Chalet Milchbach (auberge; visible from below; also 
 reached by a direct but rather giddy path from the grotto), which af- 
 fords a good view of the ice-fall. The path then enters the wood to the 
 right, where it is ill-defined, passing between the Mettenberg and the Hals- 
 egg, and then, becoming well marked, descends on the left bank of the 
 Liitschine and across the Sulz to (iV4 hr.) Grindelwald. — From the Cha- 
 let Milchbach we may, by means of ladders (not recommended to novices ; 
 guide necessary), ascend several rocks on the K.E. slope of the Metten- 
 berg, pass through the Milchhachloch and a natural tunnel formed by an 
 old glacier-stream (sometimes barred by the ice) , and reach the glacier 
 opposite the Schlupf. We may return by the same route; or we may cross 
 the glacier and the Enge at the l^.W. angle of the Wetterhorn, and" reach 
 the Great Scheidegg or regain the Hotel Wetterhorn by a dizzy path 
 (21/2-3 hrs. in all ; guide 12 fr.). 
 
 The Eisboden ('Ischbode'; 4400'), a beautiful pasture, 20 min. E. of 
 the Hot. Wetterhorn, and close to the base of the Wetterhorn, affords 
 a noble survey of the glacier, the Mettenberg, Schreckhorner, Eiger and 
 the Grindelwald Valley. 
 
 To the *Lower Glacier (horse 8 fr.) a footpath descends to the 
 right at the notice-board above the Hotel Eiger and crosses the 
 Liitschine, and then ascends to the right through underwood and 
 over debris. (The path straight on leads to the Baregg; see p. 165.) 
 The road forks a few min. farther on beside a refreshment-stall : 
 we follow the right branch. The retrogression of the glacier has ex- 
 posed to view an interesting Gorge of the Liitschine, which has been 
 rendered accessible by means of wooden galleries and steps (72 ^^• 
 from Grindelwald ; 50 c). A bridle-path ascends the left lateral 
 moraine to the (i/o hr.) upper part of the glacier, where there is 
 an artificial Ice Grotto (50 c). Interesting excursion theiice across 
 the crevassed glacier to the Baregg (p. 165; guide, rope and ice-axe 
 necessary). If we turn to the left at the above mentioned refresh- 
 ment-stall and ascend the right side-moraine, we reach (15 min.) 
 a wooden bridge, affording an interesting view of the gorge (50 c), 
 and in 10 min. more a hut whence another artificial Ice Grotto is 
 accessible (50 c). From this point we may also ascend direct to 
 the Baregg path (see below). — In returning from the gorge of the 
 Lutschine we may follow the left bank and cross the lower bridge 
 to (25 min.) Grindelwald.
 
 Oberland. GRINDELWALD. III. Route 47. 165 
 
 A visit to the lower *Ei8meer ('sea of ice'), the large hasin of 
 neve in -which the glacier accumulates before it descends to the 
 valley, is interesting. A narrow path (guide necessary for the 
 inexperienced ; to Biiregg 7, Zasenherg 9fr. ; horse to the Weissen- 
 fluh, ^2!^- helow Biiregg, 10 fr., not advisable) ascends the slope to 
 the left to the (2 hrs.) small Inn on the Bdregg (5412'; dear), com- 
 manding a fine survey of the glacier, to which a steep flight of wooden 
 steps descends. (Fee of 1 fr. for the use of the path, whether the 
 glacier itself is visited or not.) 
 
 Glacier Expedition. The following easy walk will make the trav- 
 eller more familiar with this icy region. We cross (i hr., with guide) the 
 Eismeer to the stone chalet of Zasenberg (6050'), surrounded by pastures, 
 and occupied by shepherds in summer. Vegetation soon disappears. On 
 every side tower huge and wild masses of ice, and the view is hounded 
 by the imposing summits of the Eiger, Schreckhorner, Fiescherhorner, etc. 
 If the traveller does not go beyond the middle of the Eismeer (sufficiently 
 far) , the whole excursion may easily be accomplished from Grindelwald 
 and back in 5 hrs. — The ascent of the '^Zdsenherghom (7687'; magnificent 
 survey of the glaciers) takes IV2 hr. from the Zasenberg (guide 12 fr.). 
 — The EigerMhle, a grotto visible from the Zasenberg (2 hrs.; fatiguing; 
 with guide) may also be visited. — Lastly, an interesting trip may be 
 made from the Baregg to the Zdsenherghorn. Fiescherfirn, and Eigerhohle, 
 and back by the Kalli (p. 166; 5-6 hrs.; guide 20 fr.). 
 
 The 'Iff^nnlichen (7695') is ascended from Grindelwald without diffi- 
 culty in 4 hrs. (horse 18 fr. ; guide 10 fr., unnecessary). Our path diverges 
 to the right from the Little Scheidegg path, after the Liitschine is crossed, 
 and ascends by the Itvamen Alp. Admirable panorama , from the Uri 
 Kothstock and Titlis to the Bliimlisalp. About 20 min. below the summit, 
 on the depression between the Mannlichen and Tschuggen (p. 163). is the 
 small '"Hotel Grindelwald -Rigi (R.. L., & A. 3V2-4, B. II/2, D. 4 fr.). — 
 From the Little Scheidegg (p. 162) we may ascend the Mannlichen by 
 skirting the E. slope of the Tschuggen (21/2-3 hrs.; with guide). From 
 "Wengen (p. 16 1) a steep path ascends in 2'/2 hrs. 
 
 The Mettenberg (Mittelberg, 10,197') is recommended to mountaineers 
 (laborious, 4 hrs. from the Baregg Inn ; guide 30 fr.). Most imposing view 
 of the Schreckhorn , rising in the immediate vicinity, and of the Finster- 
 aarhorn; also a striking survey of the Eismeer and the valley of Grindelwald. 
 
 Ascent of the Jungfrau, p. 162: Finsteraarhoni (from Grindelwald 
 \ia, the Agassizjoch, dangerous as a descent on account of falling stones), 
 p. 1(7; Wettei'horn, p. 168. — Gross-Schreckhorn (13.3So'; from the Schtcarz- 
 egg Club-hut 7-8 hrs.; guide 80 fr.), ascended for the lirst time by Mr. Leslie 
 Stephen in 1861, very difficult. — Klein-Schreckhorn (11,475'"), from the 
 Schwarzegg Club-hut 4-6 hrs., or from the Gleckstein Hut (p. 168) 5-6 hrs., 
 interesting and for experts not difficult (guide GO fr.). — Monch (13.465'; 
 first scaled by Dr. Porges of Vienna in 1857) , ascended either from the 
 BergH-Hilite by the Monch joch (p. 166) in 31/2-4 hrs., or from the Gvggi-Hutie 
 (p. 162) by the Guggi Glacier and the Jungfraujoch in 7-8 hrs. (guide 
 70-S0 fr.). '— Eiger (13.040'; first ascended by Mr. Ch. Barringtun in 1858), 
 from the Little Scheidegg by the Eiger Glacier and up the W. arete, 
 51/2-7 hrs. (guide 80 fr.). All these are for thorough adepts only. 
 
 Passes. To the Grimsel Hospice over the 'Strahlegg (10,995'; 14 hrs.; 
 two guides, 40 fr. each), a grand, but toilsome route. The night is passed 
 in the Schwarzegg Club-htit (8200') on the upper Eismeer, 5 hrs. from Grin- 
 delwald. Thence a steep ascent over ice and rock to the (3 hrs.) pass, 
 lying between the Gross-Lauteraarhorn and Ihe Strahlegghorner; descent 
 over the Strahleggfirn and the Finsftraar and Unteraar Glaciers to the 
 (3-4 hrs.) Povillvn Lollfus (p. 177) and the (3 hrs.) Grimsel Hospice 
 (p. 176). In the reverse direction (especially if a night be spent in the 
 Pav. Dollfus) the route is less trying and more interesting. — Finsteraar- 
 .joch (11,025'; 15-16 hrs.; guides 40 fr. each), between the Strahlegghorner
 
 166 III. Route 48. FAULHORN. Bernese 
 
 and the Finsteraarhorn, very trying, with splendid views of the Finster- 
 aarhorn, etc. — Lauteraar-Sattel (10,355'; 16-17 hrs.; guides 50 fr. each), 
 between the Schreckhorner and the Berglistock, a fatiguing pass, but with- 
 out serious difficulty to proficients. The night is spent in the OlecJcstein- 
 Hiltte (p. 168); thence we ascend the Upper Grindelwald-Firn in 5-6 hrs. 
 to the pass, which affords a grand survey of the Gross-Schreckhorn, Lauter- 
 aarhorn, etc. We then descend a steep snow slope to the Lauteraarfirn 
 (sometimes guarded by a wide 'Bergschrund'' or chasm) and the (3 hrs.) 
 Pav. Dollfus (p. 177). — Over the Bergli-Joch to the Urbachthal, see p. 175. 
 Passes from Grindelwald to the Eggishoen (p. 305), for experts 
 only, with able guides. The Jungfraujoch (11,090'-, two guides, 100 fr. each); 
 between the Jungfrau and Monch , leading from the Wengernalp to the 
 Eggishorn Hotel in I6V2 hrs., is very difficult and trying. The night is 
 spent in the Guggi-Hiitte (p. 162), and the Guggi Glacier is then ascended. 
 — The passage of the Monchjoch (11,910'; guides 60 fr. each), 15 hrs. 
 from Grindelwald to the hotel, also difficult, is facilitated by spending a 
 night in the Bergli-Hiitte (see below), or when the journey is made in the 
 reverse direction, in the Concordia- Hiiite (p. 305). This is comparatively 
 the easiest and finest of these glacier expeditions. From the Baregg we 
 cross the lower Eismeer to the opposite moraine, and ascend the precipitous 
 Kalli iov 21/2 hrs. ; then cross the much crevassed Grindelwald -Fiescher 
 Glacier to the (3 hrs.; 8-9 hrs. from Grindelwald) Bergli-Hiitte (10,825'), 
 commanding a grand though not extensive view of the Fiescherwand, 
 Schreckhorner, Eiger, etc. From the hut a steep climb of 3/4 hr. over 
 rock and glacier to the Unter- Monchjoch (11,810'), between the Monch 
 and Fieschergrat; thence either to the right over the Oher- Monchjoch 
 (11,930'), between the 316nch and Trugberg, to the Jungfraufirn (p. 162) 
 and down to the Great Aletsch Glacier and (5-6 hrs.) Eggishorn Hotel; 
 or to the left, over the vast Ewigschneefeld to the Aletsch Glacier (the 
 two routes unite at the Concordia Hut). — The Eigerjoch (11,875'; guides 
 100 fr.), between the Eiger and Monch, 22 hrs. from the Wengernalp to 
 the Eggishorn, a night being spent in the Guggi-Hiitte (see p. 102), whence 
 the Eiger Glacier is ascended, is very difficult. — The Fiescherjoch or 
 Ochsenjoch (about 11,700'), E. of the Kleine Fiescherhorn , or Ochs 
 (12,812'), 22 hrs. from Grindelwald to the Eggishorn, is very toilsome and 
 lacks interest. 
 
 48. The Faulhorn. 
 
 Comp. Map^ p. 162. 
 
 Ascent of the Faulhorn from Grindelwald 43/4 (descent 3) hrs. ; from 
 the Faulhorn to the Great Scheidegg 3 (ascent 4) hrs. ; from the Scheidegg to 
 Grindelwald 2 (ascent 3) hrs. — Ascent of the Faulhorn from Interlaken by 
 the Schynige Platte (p. 152) 8 hrs.; to the Platte 4 hrs. (descent 21/2), thence 
 to the Faulhorn 4 (descent 3) hrs. — Guide (10 fr. from Grindelwald and 
 back ; if a night be spent at the top, 13 fr.) unnecessary. Chair-porters 6 fr. 
 each ; if they pass the night on the top, 12 fr. (three generally suffice ; a 
 bargain should be made beforehand). Horse from Grindelwald and back 20 
 (or with one night out, 25) fr. ; to the top and back by the Great Scheid- 
 egg 30, with descent to Meiringen or Im Hof 40 fr. ; from Interlaken by the 
 Schynige Platte and the Faulhorn to Grindelwald 40 fr. ; from Meiringen 
 to the Faulhorn in 1 day 30 fr., to the Faulhorn and Grindelwald 36 fr. 
 — *Inn on the summit (unpretending, E,. 5, L. & A. IV2, B. 2, D. 5 fr.). 
 
 The *raulhorn (8803'), rising between the Lake of Brienz and 
 the valley of Grindelwald, and composed of black, friable, calcareous 
 schist (the name being probably derived from faul., 'rotten'), is a 
 very favourite point of view, as it commands an admirable survey 
 of the giants of the Bernese Oberland (see Panorama). To the N., 
 at our feet, lies the Lake of Brienz, with its surrounding mountains,
 
 Breithorn . 
 378* 
 
 763 358 
 
 L auberhorTv2475 
 
 S" 
 
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 Oberland. FAULHORN. III. Route 48. 167 
 
 from the Augstmatthorn to the Rothhorn ; part of the Lake of Thun, 
 with the Niesen and Stockhorn , is also visible; to the N.E. are 
 parts of the Lakes of Lucerne and Zug, with Pilatns and the Rigi ; 
 then the Lakes of Morat and Neuchatel. The prospect does not, 
 however, embrace the hill -country of N. Switzerland, which so 
 greatly enhances the beauty of the view from the Rigi. 
 
 The Path from Geixdblwald to the Fal-lhorn (43/4 hrs.) 
 leads for 2/4 hr. through enclosed meadows and past detached houses. 
 From the Bar Hotel we cross the road and ascend round the house 
 in front, to the left. After 3 min., to the right; 10 min., at a cross- 
 way, straight on; 5 min., to the right; 2 min., to the left past a 
 cottage; then generally towards the E. The footpath soon unites 
 with the bridle-path ; '/o hr., a gate, then a wood, which we quit in 
 10 min. ; 1/4 ^^v t^^ Hertenbuhl (5157'), a large pasture with sev- 
 eral chalets, in the middle of which the path turns sharply to the 
 left, ascending past a little cabaret into (10 min.) wood; 10 min., 
 to the right, past a small pond; 20 min., the path divides for per- 
 sons descending (who here keep to the left) ; a little farther, a gate ; 
 25 min., Waldspitz (6200'; *H6t.-Pens. Alpenrose, unpretending), 
 with a splendid view. This point is nearly half-way, the other half 
 is less steep. To the left (20 min.) a pretty fall of the MilhUbach, 
 which we cross near the chalets of the Bach- Alp (Joi'dQ''). Good 
 drinking-water issues abundantly from the rock, 10 min. farther. 
 Then a moderate ascent of 3/^ hr. to the Bachalp-See (7428'), in 
 a stony basin , bounded on the left by the Rothihorn (9052') and 
 Simelihorn (9030'), and on the right by the Ritzengrdtli (8282'). 
 (By the stone hut the path diverges to the left for travellers de- 
 scending to the Scheidegg, see below.) The top of the Faulhorn is 
 now in view. The path, indicated by stakes for guidance in fog or 
 snow, ascends rapidly for nearly 1 hr. over crumbling slate and 
 limestone. We pass another stone hut, cross the pastures at the 
 foot of the peak, and reach the top by a zigzag path in 1/4 l^r. more. 
 The Inn (see above) lies on the S. side, 35' below the summit. 
 
 The Path fkom Gkindelwald to the Faulhorn by the Bussalp is 
 recommended for the return-route to Grindelwald (guide necessary). Ad- 
 mirable view from the '■Burg" (7247'), which of itself merits a visit from 
 Grindelwald (21/2 hrs.). 
 
 The Path from thb Faulhorn to the Scheidegg (3 hrs.) di- 
 verges to the left from the Grindelwald path, near the (3/4hr.)hut on 
 the Bachalp-See. traverses the stony slopes of the Ritzengrdtli, and 
 keeps nearly the same level for some distance ; 7-2 ^^'i ^ S^^^ between 
 the Bach-Alp and the Widderfeld-Alp ; 5 min. farther, to the left, 
 not down the bed of the brook ; 10 min., the 'First', a ridge affording 
 a magnificent view of the Wetterhorn, Schreckhorn, Finsteraarhorn, 
 Grindelwald-Fiescherhorner, with their glacier , the Eiger, and the 
 valley of Grindelwald ; 8 min., we keep to the left and cross the 
 brook; 7 min., we descend to the left over black, crumbling slate, 
 and reach a gate where the Grindelalp begins. The path is now lost
 
 168 III. Route 49. WETTERHORN. Bernese 
 
 at places , bnt soon becomes more distinct , the direction being 
 slightly to the left of the Wetterhorn ; 1/4 hr. , a small brook is 
 crossed, and the path is now well defined ; 5 min., a brook ; 10 min., 
 a natural bridge over the Bergelbach; 5 min., the Obere Grindelalp 
 (6410'), with a spring; V4^^-) ^ g^^e , but we turn to the right 
 on this side of the enclosure, pass through the next gate (12 min.), 
 and make for the top of a hill; 8 min., Scheidegg Inn. 
 
 In ascending from the Scheidegg, be careful not to turn to the left at 
 the bridge over the Bergelbach ; farther on, where the path is lost on the 
 pastures, again avoid turning to the left, follow a direction parallel with 
 a long enclosure lying a little to the left, and make for the slope of the 
 mountain, at the foot of which the path is regained. 
 
 The view from the Faulhorn is partially intercepted by the neigh- 
 bouring group of the Simelihorn (9030') and the Rbthihorn (9052'), rising 
 between the Finsteraarhorn and the Schreckhorn, and, though not without 
 picturesque effect, concealing part of the Alpine chain, the valley of 
 Grindelwald, and the two glacier-tongues. The latter, from which the 
 magnificent view is uninterrupted, is easily ascended from the Bachalp-See 
 in 11/2 hr. (guide advisable). 
 
 The view is still grander and more extensive from the * Schwarzhorn 
 (9613'), which, with the Wildgerst (9488'), intercepts the view from the Faul- 
 horn on the E. side. (The lakes of Lungern, Sarnen, Alpnach, and Kiissnacht 
 are visible hence, all lying in the same line.) The ascent is made from 
 the Great Scheidegg by the Grindelalp and the Krinnenboden in 3V2-4 hrs.-, 
 or from Eosenlaui by the upper Breitenboden-Alp (6560'), to which there 
 is a bridle-path, and the little Blue Glacier., in 5 hrs.; or from Axalp 
 (p. 174) in 4 hrs. (guide 12 fr.). 
 
 Feoji the Faulhorn to the Schtnige Platte (guide, unnecessary 
 for adepts, from Grindelwald 18, horse 35 fr.), see p. 153. In descending from 
 the Faulhorn , the path (3V2 hrs.) is easily found if we are shown the be- 
 ginning of it and follow the direction indicated by heaps of stones. The 
 only doubtful point is 1 hr. beyond the Sdgisthal-'See (p. 153), or 10 min. 
 beyond the top of the ridge bounding the Sagisthal on the W., where we 
 keep to the right at the same level, instead of descending to the left. 
 
 Ascent of the Faulhorn from the Giessbach, 6 hrs. (guide desirable, 
 18 fr. to Grindelwald), see p. 174. 
 
 49. From Grindelwald to Meiringen. Baths of Rosen- 
 laui. Falls of the Reichenbach. 
 
 Comp. Map. p. IS 2. 
 
 63/4 hrs. : from Grindelwald to the Great Scheidegg 3 (descent 2) hrs., 
 from the Scheidegg to Eosenlaui I3/4 (ascent 2V2) hrs. , from Eosenlaui to 
 Meiringen 2 (ascent 3) hours. Guide (unnecessary) 12 fr. ; by the Faul- 
 horn and Scheidegg 20 fr. ; horse 20 fr. ; from Meiringen to Eosenlaui 10, 
 Scheidegg 15, Grindelwald 15 fr. — Elding practicable the whole way, 
 but the Eeichenbach Falls must be visited on foot. 
 
 The path (footpath to the right, 1 min. beyond Grindelwald 
 church) ascends gradually through rich pastures, passing the (1 hr.) 
 Hotel Wetterhorn (4040'; path to the Upper Grindelwald Glacier, 
 p. 164). In the foreground towers the magnificent and almost per- 
 pendicular *Wetterliom (12,150'), with its three peaks. 
 
 The W. peak, the Vordere Wetterhorn or Easli-Jungfrau (12,150, and 
 the E. peak (Rosenhorn., 12,11^) were tirst ascended in 1844, and the 
 Mittelhorn (12,165') the following year. The ascent has often been made 
 since, and is free from serious difficulty, though requiring perseverance 
 and a steady head (guides 60, porters 45 fr. each). The night is spent in 
 the Gleckstein Hut (7695'); on the arete descending from the Wetterhorn to
 
 Oberland. GREAT SCHEIDEGG. III. Route 49. 169 
 
 the Upper Grindehvald Glacier, 5V2-6 hrs. from Grindelwald. Thence over 
 the Krinnen-Firn and the Sdtteli to the W. peak 5-6 hrs. — Descent to 
 the Dossen Hut (and Rosenlaui or Innertkirchen) , see pp. 170, 175. — 
 From the Gleckstein Hut over the Bergli-Joch to the Urbachthal, see 
 p. 175. — The Berglistock (12.000'), to the right of the Berglijoch (4i/2-5 
 hrs. from the club-hut; guide 70 fr.) , commands a superb view of the 
 Schreckhurner, Wetterhtirner, etc. 
 
 Avalanches descend in spring from the Wetterhorn in four 
 different directions, the snow sometimes extending to the path at 
 places and remaining unmelted in summer. As travellers pass the 
 (17-2 hr.) Obere Lauchbuhl-Hiitte (5900'), and at various other points 
 of the way, they are greeted with a blast of the Alpine horn, an in- 
 strument of bark or wood, 6-8' long, the not unpleasing notes of 
 which are echoed a few seconds later by the precipices of the Wetter- 
 horn. A shot will also be fired for a fee of 50 c. 
 
 The (72 hr.) Great Scheidegg or Hasli-Scheidegg (6430'; 
 Restaur. , with a few beds) , also called the Eselsriicken. a ridge 
 1 M. long and only a few paces broad, commands a striking view 
 towards the W. The smiling valley of Grindelwald, bounded on the 
 S.W. by the pastures and woods of the Little Scheidegg, contrasts 
 picturesquely with the bare precipices of the Wetterhorn , which 
 tower above us to a giddy height. To the S.W. of the Wetterhorn 
 are the Mettenberg, Fieschergrat, Monch, Eiger, and lastly the 
 Tschingelgrat , Gspaltenhorn, and Bliimlisalp. Towards the N. the 
 view is intercepted by the sombre Schwarzhorn and other peaks 
 of the Faulhorn chain. High up on the right, between the Wetter- 
 horn and Wellborn, lies the Sckivarzwald Glacier, which has greatly 
 decreased of late. 
 
 Travellers from Meiringon who do not wish to ascend the Faulhorn 
 should at least follow the Faulhorn path as far as (V2 hr.) the Obere Grin- 
 delalp (p. 168), in order to obtain a grand view of the Schreckhorn , the 
 "Upper Grindelwald Glacier, and the Fieschergrat. From the Grindelalp the 
 direct descent to Grindelwald (beyond the well follow the Faulhorn path for 
 5 min. more, then turn to left) is not longer than from the Scheidegg. 
 
 Immediately below the Scheidegg we turn to the left and soon 
 enter a wood. On the right are the precipices of the Wellborn, with 
 the Schwarzwald Glacier. This part of the route, passing several 
 chalets, is attractive and varied. We next reach (1 hr.) the Pension 
 zum Schxcarzwaldijletscher (unpretending) , finely situated ; then 
 cross the Gemsbach ^ and on the Breitenboden Alp (4650') reach 
 the Reichenbach, where the path divides. The path to the left 
 follows the left bank of the Reichenbach, and leads in 7-2 ^^- to 
 the Gschwandenmad Alp (p. 170) ; that to the right (74 hr. longer) 
 crosses the Reichenbach, which forms a fine cascade near Rosen- 
 laui , and leads on the right bank to the ('20 min.) Baths of Rosen- 
 laui (4363'; *Hot. 4' Pens., R., L., & A. 4-5, D. 41/2, pens, from 10 fr.). 
 
 Before the Baths are reached, at the point where the forest is quitted, 
 a path to the risht leads to the Rosenlaui Glacier, imbedded between 
 the Wellhorn (10,486') and the Engelhovn (91330, and famed for the beauty 
 and purity of its ice. Of late years it has receded so much that an 
 ascent of i\/-j-2 hrs., very rough towards the end, must be made in order
 
 170 UI. Route 49. KEICHENBACH FALLS. Bernese 
 
 to obtain a survey of it; but tbe grand rock-scenery will in itself repay 
 the fatigue. 
 
 Above Rosenlaui lies the Dossen-Hiitte (about 8S60'; 6 hrs.), grandly 
 situated, an interesting point for good mountaineers (reached also from Im- 
 Hof through the Urhachthal in 8 hrs., see p. 175). This is the starting-point 
 for the Dossenhovn (10,303'; 1 hr.). the Renfenhorn (10,T77' ; 2i/2 hrs.), the 
 Eangend-Gletscherhorn (10,810'; 4 hrs.). and above all for the Wetterhorn 
 (12.150'; 4 hrs.). Descent from the Wetterhorn to the (3V2 hrs.) Gleckstein 
 Hut and (31/2 hrs.) Grindelwald. see p. 168. — From the Dossen Hut vre 
 may cross the WeUerlimmi (10,443'), the Gauli Glacier, and the Gauli Pass 
 (10.260') to the Grimsel, 10 hrs., fatiguing; with this route the ascent of the 
 Ewigschneehorn is easily combined (p. 177). 
 
 The path to Meiringen now follows the Reichenbach. It leads 
 at first through underwood , and then traverses the *Oschwanden- 
 mad Alp^ a beautiful pasture, enclosed by forest, a favourite resort 
 of artists. (The first bridge must not be crossed; in the reverse 
 direction, we keep to the river, avoiding the shortcut to Schwarz- 
 wald, p. 169.) The bare Engelhorner, the grand Rosenlaui Glacier 
 between the Dossenhorn and the WeUhorn, and the snow-clad cone 
 of the Wetterhorn to the right , together with the beautiful fore- 
 ground, present a picture unsurpassed in Switzerland, and most 
 striking when approached from Meiringen, 
 
 At the end of the Gschwandenmad Alp, 25min. from the Baths, 
 the Reichenbach is crossed for the last time. Following the right 
 bank, the path passes (I/4 hr.) a saw-mill and auberge, and soon 
 descends rapidly. Pleasant view of the Hasli-Thal and the moun- 
 tains surrounding the Briinig and Susten. On the brink of the 
 slope, 1 hr. from Rosenlaui, is the small inn Zur Zwirgi (3202'). A 
 path diverges here to the left to a narrow gorge of the brawling 
 Reichenbach, spanned by a wooden bridge (30 c). Farther on 
 (5 min.) , another path , descending in steps, diverges to the left 
 from the bridle-path to the *Fall8 of the Reichenbach. It leads at 
 first through wood , and then to the left across a meadow, to a hut 
 (adm. 50 c.), the best point for seeing the Upper Fall with its 
 beautiful jets. In the morning the sun shines into the gorge and 
 forms innumerable rainbows. The less important Central Fall (Kessel- 
 fall) is guarded by another hut (25c.). At the foot of the hill is 
 the Hotel Reichenbach (see below), from which a path leads to the 
 (1/4 hr.) Lower Fall (illumination every evening in summer). From 
 the hotel we cross the Willigenbrucke to (V4 hr.) Meiringen. 
 
 The falls are seen to the best advantage in the reverse direction, 
 ascending to the left by the Hot. Eeichenbach, and reaching the highest 
 fall in 34 hr. from Meiringen. Farther on, as Rosenlaui is approached, 
 the Wetterhorn and the Wellhom form a strikingly beautiful background. 
 
 Travellers from Rosenlaui to Im-Hof (the Grimsel, Engstlenalp, etc.), 
 may, omitting the Falls of the Reichenbach and Meiringen , save nearly 
 an hour by following the bridle-path for 5 min. beyond the path to the 
 falls, and then turning to the right by a footpath to the village of (25 min.) 
 Geissholz (2628'), hidden among fruit-trees. Here we ascend the pastures, 
 and then rapidly descend the Kirchet (p. 174) to (40 min.) Im-Hof (p. 175). 
 
 Meiringen. — ''Hotel dd Sauvage (Zum Wildenmann), with garden, 
 R,, L., & A. 5-61,2; D, 5 fr. ; Hot. de lOuks, Hot. Brumg, both near the
 
 Oberland. MEIRINGEN. III. Route 49.. 171 
 
 station, new; Keetjz, Hiesch, unpretending; IIot. de la Gabe, opposite 
 the station; CaU-Restcmr. Victoria; Railway -Restaur. — Hotel-Pexsion 
 Reichenbach, with the 'dependance' Dex Alpes, on the other side of the 
 Aare, R., L., &, A. 31/2 (in the dependance 2), D. 4 fr. — English Church 
 Service in the Hot. du Sauvage. — Guides: Melchior. Jakob., Joh., and 
 Peter Anderegg ., Joh. and Kaspar v. Bergen., Ueinrich Fiihrer Jr., Kaspar 
 and Melchior Blatter, Joh. Tdnnler , Kaspar Moor, Kaspar Maurer , Franz 
 Olarner, Andreas Urweider, Melchior Zenger, etc. 
 
 Meiringen (1968'), the chief village of the Haslithal, almost en- 
 tirely burned down in Oct. 1891, but since largely rebuilt in an 
 improved style, lies on the right bank of the Aare, in a level 
 valley 3 M. in width , surrounded by wooded mountains , above 
 which rise several snowy peaks. The Miihlebach , Alpbach, and 
 Dorfhach, descending from the Hasliberg at the back of the village, 
 form considerable waterfalls (illuminated every evening in summer). 
 They often overflow their banks, and cover the whole district with 
 rocks, mud, and the slaty debris of the Hasliberg. In order to 
 afford a better outlet for these torrents the Aare below Meiringen 
 has been converted into a canal , on both sides of which there are 
 still extensive traces of their devastations. 
 
 The Hasli-Thal (or Hasli im Weissland) is divided by the Kirchet (p. 174j 
 into the Lower and Upper Hasli. The inhabitants are generally of a slight, 
 but strong and active frame, and are remarkable for their picturesque 
 , costume and pure dialect. According to tradition, they are of Swedish or 
 Frisian descent, and the opinions of several modern Swedish savants in 
 favour of this theory are recorded in a book kept at Meiringen. 
 
 *Gorge of the Aare (Aareschlucht; carriage there and back with 
 stay of 1 hr., 4-5 fr.). A road diverges to the left, beyond the (V2 M.) 
 Wi'lligenbriicke (see p. 174), on the left l)ank of the Aare , and reaches 
 C/z M.) a small restaurant at the entrance to the wild and romantic 
 rocky gorge, which affords passage to the Aare through the Kirchet 
 (p. 174). The gorge was formerly only passable by means of a raft or 
 boat when the river was very low, but a path (3' wide; 1550 yds. long) 
 has now been constructed, partly hewn in the rock, partly supported on 
 wooden galleries (adm. 1 fr). The best time to visit this highly interest- 
 ing ravine is 9-11 a.m. After about 10 min. we pass a pretty waterfall 
 on the left, and after 5 min. more a p;ith diverges by a side-gorge to the 
 right to the Kirchet, on the road from Meiringen to Im-Hof (p. 175), by 
 which w^e may return (from the Kirchet via Geissholz ta the * Upper 
 Reichenbach- Fall, 3/4 hr., path not to be mistaken; comp. p. 170). 
 
 The 'Gorge of the Alpbach, about 1 M. above Meiringen to the N.E., 
 was also made accessible in 1889 by a gradually ascending path protected 
 by iron railings (adm. 80c.). It contains a waterfall, 260' high, descend- 
 ing between massive crags. At the entrance there is a beautiful view of 
 the valley, with the Engelhorn and Wetterhorn, etc. Small restaurant. 
 
 On the Hasliberg, 3/i hr. to the N. of Meiringen, is the "Ildt.-Pens. 
 Alpbach (5Vj-8 fr.), with a charming view, and I1/2 hr. farther (good path 
 by Golderen and Wasserwendi) lies the village of Hohfiuh (3443'; -Frau 
 Willy's Pension, unpretending), another fine point of view. (Hohfluh may 
 also be reached direct from Meiringen by Unterfluh in 1' 2 hr.) From this 
 point the *Hohenstollen (8150'; splendid view) may be ascended by the 
 .Balisa'p in 4 hrs. (with guide; from Meirin'zen 12, from the Hot. Alpbach 
 7fr.), or from 3Ieiringen direct, by the Mdgisalp and the Faulenberg in 5 hrs. 
 Descent to Melchsee- Fruit, see p. 123. — To the Briinig Pass see p. 124. 
 
 From Meiringen by the Briinig Railicay to Lucerne, see R. 35.
 
 172 
 
 50. From Meiringen to Interlaken. Lake of Brienz. 
 
 Comp. Maps., pp. 148, 162. 
 
 From Meiringen to Brienz (8 M.) Railway in 25 min. (fares 2 fr. 60, 1 fr. 
 95, 80 c). — From Brienz (station) to Interlaken Steamboat 4 times daily in 
 1 hr., fare 2 or 1 fr. ; luggage additional, 50 c. for each box. 
 
 The railway skirts the right hank of the Aare. The beautiful 
 Oltschibach and other cascades fall from the precipices on the left. 
 Beyond (5 M.) Brienzwyler (Hotel BalmhofJ, -svhere it crosses the 
 Briinig road, it skirts the geologically interesting Ballenberg (2385'), 
 then bends to the right and follows the shore of the Lake of Brienz, 
 via Kienholz, to — 
 
 8 M. Brienz-Traclit (pop. 2531 ; Bdr^ with a terrace on the lake, 
 R., L., & A. 21/2, B. 11/4 fr.; Weisses Kreuz, with garden, R., L., 
 & A. 3, B. i^/ofr.', Zum Schutzen , plain), a considerable place, 
 11/2 M. in length, pleasantly situated on the Lake of Brienz at the 
 foot of the Brienzer Grat. It is noted for its wood-carving, which 
 employs about 600 hands (Fliick's depot, etc.). 
 
 The Fluhherg pavilion, V4 hr. above the Kreuz, and the Church afford a 
 fine view of the lake, the Faulhorn, the fall of the Oltschibach, the Susten- 
 horner, etc., and to the N. of the falls of the Miihlbach (often dry in summer). 
 
 The *Brienzer Rothhorn (7713'), the highest peak of the Brienzer Grat, 
 is a famous point of view. Eack-an'd-Pixion Railway (opened in July 
 1892) in 1 hr. 20 min. ; up 10 fr. , down 6 fr. , Sun, there and back 10 fr. 
 This line, constructed on Abt's system (43/4 M. in length; maximum grad- 
 ient 25:100) attains the highest level of all mountain railways (7288'; 
 Rigi 5741', Pilatus 6768') and affords a pleasant and interesting trip (best 
 views to the left). The station is opposite the Briinig station, 3 min. from 
 the steamboat pier. The train ascends through luxuriant meadows, soon 
 affording a view of the Lake of Brienz, the Giessbach, and the Schwarz- 
 horn range. Beyond the bridge across the Trachibach the ascent becomes 
 steeper; the line approaches the Miihlbach, turns to the right by means of 
 the short Schwarzfluh Tunnel and mounts to the (I'/s M.) station of Geldriecl 
 (3360'). To the right, we overlook the valley of Meiringen and the Susten- 
 horner. Describing a large loop, we pass through the Btockisgraien 
 Tunnel (130 yds.) and the five tunnels of the Planalpflihh (together 317 yds. 
 in length) to the (2 M.) station Hausstadt (4415'; refrm.), situated in a 
 wide valley, and commanding a view of the Bliimlisalp, Doldenhom, and 
 Wildstrubel. We now proceed on the left bank, and farther up on the 
 right bank of the Miihlbach over the pastures of the Planalp , past the 
 chalets of Mittelstaffel (5023'), and beyond the Kiihmatt- Tunnel (ICO yds.) 
 attain the (31/2 M.) watering station of Obersiaffel (5980'). Finally the line 
 sweeps in a wide curve round the uppermost valley, bends back by means 
 of the two Schonegg- Tunnels (39 and 145 yds.) and "reaches its terminus at 
 (43/4 M.) station Rothhorn- Kulm (7288'), a "few paces below the Restaurant 
 (also R. ; hotel under construction) and 12 min. below the summit. The 
 '"View (Panorama at the inn) embraces the chain of the Bernese Oberland, 
 with the Lake of Brienz in the foreground ; a glimpse of the Lake of 
 Thun beyond Interlaken; the Haslithal from 3Ieiringen nearly to the 
 Grimsel ; on the other side the small Ey-See , the Lake of Sarnen , a con- 
 siderable part of the Lake of Lucerne vsrith the Rigi, part of the Lake of 
 Zug, a long strip of the Lake of Neuchatel, and even the Lake of Constance. 
 
 The Lake of Brienz (1857'), 83/4M. long, and IV4-I72M. wide, 
 500' deep near the Giessbach, and 859' near Oberried, lies 20' 
 higher than the Lake of Thun, with which it is supposed to have 
 been once united (p. 149). It is enclosed by lofty wooded rocks and 
 mountains. To the S.E. in the background are the snow-clad Sus-
 
 GIESSBACH. III. Route 51. 173 
 
 tenliurner, to the right the Thierberge. The steamboat starts near 
 the railway station, touches at (5 min.) the village of Brienz, and 
 then crosses the lake to the (10 min.) Giessbach (see below). The 
 lowest waterfall only (see p. 174) is visible from the steamer; above 
 it is the hotel, and to the right of the landing-place is the tramway 
 station. Farther along the precipitous S. bank is the small wooded 
 Schnecken-Insel, with its little chapel , and near it, on the bank, 
 lies the pretty village of Iseltwald (*Pens. Jseltwald^ 1/4 M. to the 
 W., 5-6 fr., nupretending; Zum Strand). The steamer then crosses 
 to Oberried and Niederried^ charmingly situated among fruit-trees at 
 the foot of the Augstmatthorn (p. 153). Farther on, to the N., on a 
 wooded promontory, is Ringgenberg (Zur Seeburg), beside the old 
 castle and church of that name , surrounded by underwood and 
 orchards, and the old tower of the Church of Goldswyl, very pic- 
 turesquely placed on an isolated hill. On the opposite bank is the 
 influx of the Lutschme, which descends from the valley of Lauter- 
 brunnen. The lake gradually contracts to a river, which is named 
 the Aare and afterwards falls into the Lake of Thun. The steamer 
 stops at Bonigen (p. 148) and enters the canalized Aare , which 
 it descends to the steamboat-station of Interlaken-Brienzersee , at 
 the E. extremity of Interlaken, near the Hotel du Lac and opposite 
 the railway station Interlaken- Ost (p. 149). 
 
 The Road fkom Brienz to Interlaken (12 M. •, one-horse carr. 
 8-10 fr.), on the K. bank of the lake, passes through (ii/2 M.) Ebligen, (2 M.) 
 Oberried, and (3 M.) Niederried; then, high above the lake, it traverses a 
 rocky tract to (2'/2 M.) Ringgenberg, passes the small Faulensee (p. 151), at 
 the base of the hill with the old church - tower , and leads by Qoldsrcyl 
 (beautiful views) to the upper Aare bridge at (3 M.) Interlaken. 
 
 51. The Giessbach. 
 
 Hotels. *HoTEL- Pension Giessbach, a large new building, with a 
 restaurant on the ground-tloor and a pension (the old hotel), R., L., & A. 
 from 5-6, B. 11/2, lunch 3V--;, D- 4V2-5, pens, (for not less than 5 days) 8-10, 
 with R. with view, without view T'/o. L. & A. extra, music 2 fr. per 
 week; also whey and well-equipped water-cure, with electric baths etc. 
 English Church Service, Post, Telegraph, and Railway Ticket Office at 
 the hotel. — *Hotel Beac-Site, V* M. higher, less pretentious, R. & L. 3, 
 D. 3, pens. 6 fr. — Carved wood sold by C. Michel (formerly Kehrli). 
 
 "Illumination of the Falls , with Bengal lights , every evening from 
 1st Juue till 30th September (inmates of the hotel 1 fr. each, for the first 
 evening only ; other persons IV2 fr.). 
 
 Steamboat to Interlaken in 50-60, to Brienz in 15 min., see p. 172. 
 
 Tramway from the landing-place (small restaurant) to the hotel (380' 
 long; gradient 28Vi!: 100) in 6 min. (there and back 1 fr. ; luggage under 
 50 lbs. 50 c. , over 50 lbs. 1 fr. ; articles in the hand free^. The two cars, 
 holding 46 passengers each, are connected by a wire cable, running round 
 a wheel at the top of the hill. The one "car ascends, while the other 
 descend.s, the gravitation of the latter, weighted with water, forming the 
 motive power. 
 
 The *Gies8bacli is one of the prettiest and most popular spots 
 in the Bernese Oberland. The stream, which is copious at all 
 seasons, rises on the N. slope of the Schwarzhorn (p. 168), and
 
 174 III. Route 52. KIRCHET. Bernese 
 
 on its way to the lake of Brienz forms a series of seven cascades 
 falling from rock to rock, the highest being 1148' above the lake, 
 and framed in dark green foliage. The terrace in front of the 
 hotel affords a complete view. The falls are crossed by three 
 bridges. Paths ascend on both banks to the (1/4 hr.) second bridge, 
 from which to the third (1/2 tr.) there is a path on the right bank 
 only. A wooden gallery enables visitors to pass behind the second 
 fall. Those who have time should ascend to the Highest Fall ^ where 
 the Giessbach , issuing from a sombre ravine, is precipitated under 
 the bridge into an abyss , 190' in depth, (Best view from a pro- 
 jecting rock to the right of the bridge.) Above the highest bridge 
 there is no attraction. About noon rainbows are formed in the falls. 
 
 The *Rauft (2460'; 20 min. from the hotel), a wooded rock on 
 the N. side of the valley, rising abruptly 600' above the lake, com- 
 mands a view of the Lake of Brienz , the mouth of the Aare , and 
 the alluvial district of Brienzwyler ; opposite are the Brienzer Grat 
 and the Brienzer Rothhorn (p. 172); then, beyond Interlaken, part 
 of the Lake of Thun, overshadowed by the pyramid of the Niesen. 
 
 Pleasant walk to the Alpine hamlet of Enge, situated anion? beautiful 
 pastures. Pretty view at the point (V2 hr.) where the path reaches the 
 lake. "We then descend past the Ndseli to the Aare Bridge and the Mei- 
 ringen and Brienz road (p. 172). — About 272 hrs. above the Giessbach 
 (porter 5 fr.) lies Axalp (5580') a health-resort with an unpretending *Inn, 
 whence the Axalpliorn (7635'; 2 hrs.), the Faulhorn (p. 166; 5 hrs.), and 
 the Schwarzhorn (9610'; 4 hrs. ; guide 10 fr. ; comp. p. 16S) may be as- 
 cended. — About 1 hr. from Pens. Axalp (2V2 hrs. from the Giessbach) 
 is the Einterburg-See (5000') , charmingly situated in wood at the base 
 of the OUschikopf. 
 
 Ascent of the Faulhokn (p. 166) feom the Giessbach, 6 hrs. (guide 
 12 fr.), fatiguing at places, especially on the Battenalp, which is exposed 
 to the morning sun. To the S. of the Schwabhorn this path joins the 
 bridle-path from the Schynige Platte to the Faulhorn (p. 153). 
 
 Feom the Giessbach to Inteklakex (81/2 hrs.). A good, well-shaded 
 path, crossing the first bridge over the falls, and bearing to the right (see 
 linger-posts), leads to the (V2 hr.) Hochjliih , a charming point of view. 
 It then runs high above the lake and descends to (1 hr.) Iseltwald, from 
 which a road leads to (IV2 M.) Sengg. (3 M.) Bonigen, and (IVzM.) Interlaken. 
 
 52. From Meiringen to the Ehone Glacier. Grimsel. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 110. 
 
 10 hrs. (road as far as Handegg-, bridle-path thence to to Rhone Gla- 
 cier): Im-Hof 3V2M., Guttannen 71/2 M., Handegg 6 M. ; Grimsel Hospice 
 21/2 hrs. , summit of the Grimsel 1 , Rhone Glacier 3/4 hr. (in the reverse 
 direction about 8V2 hrs. in all). Diligence to the Handegg twice daily, in 
 4 hrs. 25 min. (one-horse carr. 18, two-horse 30 fr.). Horse from the Handegg 
 to the Grimsel 10, Rhone Glacier 18-20 fr.; from the Rhone Glacier to the 
 Grimsel 6, to the Hospice 10, Handegg 15 fr. 
 
 Meiringen, see p. 170. The road crosses the Aare by the Willi- 
 genbriicke (passing, on the right, the upper fall of the Reichenbach, 
 p. 170), and ascends the Kirchet (2313'), a wooded hill, sprinkled 
 with erratic blocks of granite , which divides the valley into the 
 Lower and Upper Haslithal. At the top (IV4 M.) is the auberge
 
 Oberland. GUTTANNEN. ///. Route 5?. 175 
 
 'Zur Lamm\ where a finger-post indicates tte path to the ^Fin- 
 stere Aarscfducht' to the left (p. 171 ; pedestrians should follow the 
 path through the gorge, ^ 4 hr. longer than the road). 
 
 The road descends the Kirchet in long windings (short-cuts), 
 traverses the fertile basin of Hasli im Grund, and crosses the Aare 
 near (21/4 M.) Im-Hof (2054'; *Hdt. Hof, R. & L. 2-21/2, pens. 
 5-6 fr. ; Alpenrose, at the bridge, poor), the principal village in the 
 parish of /nner<fci>c/ten , where the Susten (p. 127) and Joch Pass 
 (p. 125) routes diverge to the left. 
 
 Travellers from the Grimsel on their way to Eosenlaui and Grindel- 
 wald may go from Im-Hof direct, by Geissholz, to the Upper Reichenbach 
 Fall (comp. p. 170; enquire for the beginning of the path). 
 
 The Urbachthal (comp. Map, p. 162), opening here towards the S.W., 
 deserves a visit. The path ascends to the (V2 hr.) narrow mouth of the 
 valley, is then nearly level for 1 hr., and afterwards mounts steeply to the 
 (2 hrs.) Alp Schrdfte'rn (4940'; beds), where the path to the Dossenhiitte 
 diverges to the right (see below), and to the (1 hr.) Mattenalp (6102'), at 
 the foot of the huge Gauli Glacier. In 1 hr, more we reach the Uynenalp 
 (7213'; rustic quarters). Thence over the Gauli Pass (10.260') to the Grim- 
 sel, combined with the ascent of the Ewigschneehorn, 8-9 hrs., fatiguing, 
 but very grand (guide 35 fr. ; see p. 177). — Over the Bergli-Joch (11.290') 
 to Grindehvald, 16-17 hrs. from Im-Hof, very toilsome and hardly repaying 
 (guide 35 fr.). From the Urnenalp (where we pass the night) we ascend 
 the Gauli Glacier to the pass, lying between the Berglistock (p. 169) and 
 the Rosenhorn, and descend the Grindelwaldfirn to the Gleckstein Hut 
 (comp. p. 168). — The Dossen Hut (p. 170) is reached in 4V2-5 hrs. from the 
 Alp Schrdttern (see above), by the Alps Illmenstein. Enzen, and Fldschen 
 (guide from Meiringen or Im Hof 20 fr.). Thence to Rosenlaui, ascent of 
 the Wetterhorn, and to Grindehvald, see p. 170. All these expeditions are 
 for adepts only, with good guides. (At Innertkirchen, Joh. Tdnnler, Joh. 
 Moor, Joh. d- 'Melch. Thoni., etc.) 
 
 Beyond Im-Hof the road is at first level, and then gradually 
 ascends, on the right side of the picturesque valley, being hewn in 
 the rock at places and passing through two short tunnels. Running 
 high above the rapid Aare, it leads to (3^^ 4 M.) Innere L'rweid (2464'), 
 and then under overhanging rocks and through another tunnel to 
 (i^/^M. ) Im-Boden (2933'), opposite the hamlet of that name on 
 the left bank. The road then crosses the Aare and continues on the 
 left bank to (2/4 hr.) Guttannen (3480' ; Bar , unpretending), the 
 largest village in the Oberhaslithal, lying in a broad basin. The 
 pastures are covered in every direction with heaps of stones, brought 
 down by torrents. (Over the Furtwang Sattel to the Trift Glacier, 
 see p. 128; guide, Andreas Sulzer'). 
 
 The new road ascends gradually and (1 V2 ^f- beyond Guttannen) 
 crosses the wild and foaming Aare by the Tschingelbriicke (3733'). 
 The valley contracts, and barren black rocks rise on the right. 
 Huge masses of d^ris deposited on the less precipitous slopes 
 testify to the power of avalanche and torrent. On the right the 
 Wissbach Glacier discharges its waters into the valley. Crossing 
 the Aare by the (IV2M.) Schwarzbrunnenbri'icke (3976'), the road 
 ascends in long windings the Handegg Saddle, a pine-clad ridge of 
 rock apparently closing the valley. It passes the (2M.) Restaur.
 
 176 ///. Route 52. GRIMSEL HOSPICE. From Meiringen 
 
 zum Handeygfall (whence a view point at the bottom of the falls 
 may be visited; adm. 50 c.), and 6 min. farther on crosses the 
 Aerlenhach, immediately above the *Handegg Fall, a cascade of the 
 Aare , which descends amidst a cloud of spray into an abyss, 250' 
 in depth. Next to the falls of the Tosa (p. 308) and the Rhine (p. 26), 
 this is the grandest waterfall among the Alps , owing to its height, 
 its great volume of water, and the wild surroundings. The stream 
 is so rapid that it falls unbroken halfway to the bottom, and in its 
 rebound it forms a dense cloud of spray, in which rainbows are 
 formed by the sunshine between 10 and 1 o'clock. A bridge crosses 
 the Aare to a platform provided with a railing on the right bank, 
 whence the best survey of the grand spectacle is obtained. The sil- 
 very water of the Aerlenhach falls from a height to the left into the 
 same gulf, mingling halfway down with the grey glacier-water of 
 the Aare. On the left bank, a few min. above the fall, is the 
 Hotel Hanclegg (4570'; R. 3, D. 4 fr.). 
 
 From the Handegg, where the road terminates , we proceed by 
 a good bridle-path. The sombre pine-forest becomes thinner, and 
 even the dwarf-pines disappear a little above the Handegg. The 
 stony soil is clothed with stunted grass , moss , and rhododendrons. 
 About 7-2 lir. from the Handegg the path leads over rounded slabs 
 of rock , called the Bose Seite and the Helle or Hehle ('slippery') 
 Platte, both worn by glacier-friction. Opposite them the Gelmerbach 
 forms a picturesque fall. It descends from the Gelmersee (5968') , 
 a lake on the mountain to the left , between the Gelmerhorn and 
 Schaubhorn (1^4 ^^- from the Handegg; rough path). 
 
 The valley becomes narrower and bleaker. The path frequently 
 crosses the Aare, now a mere brook, and vegetation almost disappears. 
 Between the Handegg and Grimsel the only human habitations are 
 the (1 hr.) two chalets in the Rdterichsboden (5595'; milk) , the 
 last basin below the Grimsel, and perhaps once the bed of a lake. 
 
 The rocky but well-made path ascends for a short distance 
 through a wild defile, and then becomes comparatively level. It 
 again crosses the Aare, turns to the left (where persons descending 
 the valley must avoid the turning to the left), and reaches (1 hr.) 
 the Grimsel Hospice (6160'; '^Inn, R. & L. 31/2, B. IV2, D. 
 4fr.), originally a refuge for poor travellers crossing the Grimsel, 
 and now often crowded with tourists. The small rooms are separated 
 by thin wooden partitions. Carved wood by Hans Abplanalp. 
 
 This desolate basin, the Grimselgrund, enclosed by bare rocks 
 with occasional patches of scanty herbage or moss, lies 955' below 
 the pass (p. 178). Beyond the gloomy little lake, which is destitute 
 of fish , lies the Seemdttli, a meagre pasturage, where the cows of 
 the Hospice graze for one or two months only. The jagged mountain 
 to the W., above the ravine of the Aare, is the Agassizhorn (12,630'), 
 the N. pedestal of the Finsteraarhorn (p. 177). The latter is vis- 
 ible from a rocky hill 150 paces to the N.
 
 to the Rhone GL FINSTERAARHORN. III. Route 52. Ill 
 
 ExccBsioNs from the Grimsel Hospice (comp. Maps, pp. 110, 162; 
 guide, Caspar Roth]. The *Kleine Siedelhorn (9075'', 3 hrs.; guide 6 fr.) 
 is an easv and attractive ascent. [The Grosse Siedelhorn (9450'), an inferior 
 point of view, lies farther to the S.W.] The path diverges to the right 
 at the bifurcation of the Rhone Glacier and Obergestelen routes. The last 
 1/4 hr. is fatiguing, as the top of the mountain is covered with fragments 
 of granite. The view is imposing. Gigantic peaks surround us on every 
 side : to the W. the Schreckhorn, the Finsteraarhorn, and the Fiescher- 
 horner; to the N.E. the Galenstock, from which the Rhone Glacier de- 
 scends; to the S. the Upper Valais chain with its numerous ice-streams, 
 particularly the Gries Glacier; to the S.W., in the distance, the Alphubel, 
 3Iischabel, Matterhorn, Weisshorn, etc. (comp. DilFs Panorama). — Tra- 
 vellers bound for Obergestelen (p. 304) need not return from the Siedelhorn 
 to the Grimsel Pass, but may descend on the S.E. side of the mountain 
 and there regain the bridle-path (guide advisable; comp. p. 178). 
 
 To THE PavillonDollfus, 31/2-4 hrs. (there and back 7hrs.; guide 10 fr.)- 
 The Aare is formed, to theW. of the hospice, by the discharge of two vast 
 glaciers, the Xlnteraar and the Oheraar Glacier, which are separated by the 
 Zinkensiocke. The Unteraar Glacier is formed by the confluence of the 
 Finsteraar and Lauteraar Glaciers , which unite at the foot (82S6') of the 
 rock-arete named '■Irn Abschwung\ though for a long way below that point 
 they are separated by a huge moraine, 100' high at places. At the foot of 
 this arete the Swiss naturalist Hiigi erected a hut in 1827, which in 1840 
 had descended with the glacier to a distance of 1900 yds. from its original 
 site. In 1841 and several following years the eminent Agassiz of Keu- 
 chatel, with Desor, Vogt, Wild, and other savants , spent a considerable 
 time here, dating their interesting observations from the 'Hotel des iseu- 
 chatelois', a stone hut erected under a huge block of mica-slate projecting 
 from the medial moraine. These huts have long since disappeared. M. 
 Dollfus-Ausset of Miilhausen in Alsace next erected the Pavilion DoUfus 
 (7676') lower down, on the N. side of the Lauteraar Glacier, now used as 
 a club-hut (comp. p. 165, and Maps, pp. 110, 162 and 304). A visit to this hut 
 is interesting and free from difficulty. A bridle-path leads from the hospice 
 across the stony Aareboden to (I1/4 hr.) the foot of the Unteraar Glacier 
 (6160'). Here we ascend the rocky slope to the right by a narrow path and 
 then traverse the rocks and debris of the terminal moraine. After about 
 40 min. we take to the glacier, which affords good walking, pass several 
 fine 'glacier-tables', and cross the medial moraine and the Lauteraar Glacier, 
 which is here often considerably crevassed. Lastly we ascend a steep 
 slope to the (1 hr.) Club Hut, admirably situated on a rocky height over- 
 looking the Unteraar Glacier. Opposite rise the Zinkenstocke, Thierberg, 
 Scheuchzerhorn, and Escherhorn; in the background, above the Finster- 
 aar Glacier, the Finsteraarhorn ; and to the right of the Abschwung the 
 huge Lautcraarhorner and Schreckhorner. — We may continue our walk 
 on the glacier as far as (3/4 hr.) the foot of the Abschwung (see above), 
 where we enjoy a full view of the majestic Finsteraarhorn. In the med- 
 ial moraine adjoining the Lauteraar Glacier, nearly opposite the Pav. 
 Dollfus, is a fragment of rock bearing the names of 'Stengel 1844; Otz, 
 Ch. Martins 1845'', inscribed there during the scientific observations above 
 referred to. The rock, re-discovered in 1884, was then about 2650 yds. from 
 its original site. 
 
 The ascent of the *Ewigschneehorn (10,930'; 41/4 hrs.) presents little 
 difficulty to adepts. From the Pav. Dollfus across the Lauteraar Glacier 
 to the foot of the mountain (8390') IVahr., to the Gauligrat (10,2600 2 hrs., 
 to the top 3/4 hr. (comp. p. 175). 
 
 The Finsteraarhorn (14,025'; guide from Hof orMeiringen 70, from Grin- 
 delwald 90, from the Concordia Hut 60 fr.), the highest of the Bernese Alps, 
 was scaled for the first time in 1812. then in 1829 and twice in 1842, and has 
 pretty often been ascended since. Travellers from the Grimsel spend the 
 night in the (7 hrs.) Oberaarjoch Hut (see below). The route then ascends to 
 the G'ams/)VcAe(c. 11,150') between the Rothhorn and Finsteraarhorn, andskirts 
 the W. flank of the latter to the Hugisaitel (13,205') and the top (7-9 hrs-). 
 
 Baedekek, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 12
 
 178 III. Route 52. GRLMSEL PASS. 
 
 This is the must advisable route. On the ascent from Grindelwald, the 
 Schwarzegi/ Hut (p. 165) affords night quarters ; thence to the top in 9-10 hrs., 
 over the Finsteraarjoch, the Agassizjoch (12,630'), and the Hugisattel. It is by 
 no means advisable to descend by this route, which is dangerous from 
 falling stones. If the Eggishorn be the starting-point, the night is spent 
 in the (5 hrs.) Concordia Hul fp. 305), from which we ascend to the summit 
 in 8 hrs. over the Griinhornluclce (10,843'), the Walliser Fiescherjirn, and the 
 Hugisattel. The expedition is for experts only, with first-rate guides. Even 
 when the ice is favourable the ascent is difficult and very trying. 
 
 Fkom the Geimsel to the Fc'eka direct over the Nagelisgratli (8470'), 
 5V2 hrs. (guide 10 fr.), a fine walk, preferable to the Grimsel, see p. 117. 
 
 Fkom the Grimsel to Fiesch, oe to the Eggishorn (p. 305), over the 
 Oberaarjocli , 13 hrs., fatiguing, but interesting (two guides, 40 fr. each, 
 including the Oberaarhorn 50 fr. each). We ascend the Oheraar Glacier in 
 7 hrs. to the finelv situated and well-appointed Oberaarjoch Hut of the S. A. C. 
 (10.430') on the Oberaarjoch (10,625'), lying to the S. of the Oberaarhorn (11,953' ; 
 which experts may scale from the hut in IV2 br.). We then descend the Stu- 
 dertirn, passing the Rothhorn (11,345'), and then either cross the difficult and 
 sometimes dangerous crevassed Fiesch Glacier to the Stockalp (p. 305) and to 
 the Hotel Jungfrau-Eggishom (p. 305 ; 7hrs. from the club-hut) or, preferably, 
 descend by the Griinhornliicke (see above) to the Concordia Hut (p. i05), and 
 thence cross the Great Aletsch Glacier to the Hotel Eggishorn. — Over the 
 Obeeaar-Rothjoch (10,906'), to the S. of the Oberaarjoch, not difficult. 
 — Over the Stddeejoch to Fiesch, 14-15 hrs., difficult. The route ascends 
 the Unteraar and Finsteraar Glaciers to the Studerjoch (11,550'), between 
 the Oberaarhorn (see above) and the Studerhorn (11,935'; a splendid point 
 of view, easily attained from the pass in 3/4 hr.). Descent over the Studer- 
 firn and the Fiesch Glacier., as above. 
 
 From the Grimsel over the Strahlegg and the Finsteraar joch or Lauter- 
 aarjoch to Grindelwald., p. 165; over the Triftlimmi to the Trift-Hiitte.^ p. 127. 
 
 From the Hospice the bridle-path, indicated by stakes, winds up 
 the Grimsel Pass (7103'), connecting the Haslithal with the Upper 
 Valais. After about 21/4 M. the road to Obergestelen diverges to 
 the right (see below). Beyond the (1/4 hr.) summit (Hauseck), the 
 boundary between Bern and the Valais, lies the small Todtensee. 
 
 In 1799 this 'lake of the dead' was used as a burial-place by the Aus- 
 trians and French. The former, with the Valaisians, had intrenched them- 
 selves on the Grimsel, but were surprised by the French, whom Fahner, 
 a peasant of Guttannen, had guided over the Nagelisgratli, and were driven 
 back into the Valais. The French presented their guide, at his request, with 
 the Raterichsboden (p. 176), as a reward for his services, but the government 
 of Bern cancelled the gift a few months later. 
 
 Those who have seen the Rhone Glacier (p. 303) may descend direct 
 from the Grimsel to (21/4 hrs.) Obergestelen (p. 304), The path diverges to 
 the right (see above) ^/thr. before the top of the pass is reached, and con- 
 tinues to ascend over a stony track to the height of 74S0', before it begins 
 to descend. Splendid views of the Valaisian Alps and the St. Gotthard 
 group, and also, at the beginning of the descent, of the fall of the Rhone 
 Glacier. (In the reverse direction 2V2-3 hrs. ; guide desirable in foggy 
 weather, 4 fr.). The ascent of the Kleine Siedelhorn (p. 177) may easily 
 be combined with this route. 
 
 From the pass our path leads to the left, on the N. side of the 
 Todtensee, and descends the Maienwand, a steep grassy slope 1300' 
 in height, carpeted with rhododendrons and other Alpine plants, in 
 view of the imposing Rhone Glacier and the Galenstock. The (3/4 hr.) 
 Rhone Glacier Hotel, see p. 303. Thence to Brig, see R.81 ; over 
 the Furka to Andermatt, R. 33.
 
 179 
 53. From Spiez to Leuk over the Gemmi. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. IIS, 180. 
 
 14 hrg. Diligence daily from Spiez to ("19 M.) Kandersteg in 51/2 hr.= . 
 (5 fr. 95, coupe 7 fr. 75 c); also Omnibus daily in 5 hrs. (return in 4 hrs.). 
 One-horse carriage to the Heustrich-Bad 5, two-horse 10 fr.. to Frutigen 
 10 and 18, to Adelboden 18 and 32, to the Blaue See 12 and 22, to Kander- 
 steg 18 and 32, with use of the horse for riding to the Gemini, 30 and 55 fr. 
 
 The Gemmi is one of the grandest and most frequented of the Alpine 
 passes. Road to Kandersteg (19 M. from Spiez) ; thence over the Gemmi to 
 the Baths of Leuk (51/2 hrs.) a good bridle-path (guide unnecessary) ; road 
 from Leuk to the Rhone Valley (2V2 hrs'. walk down, 8V2 up). 
 
 Spiez, seep. 146; post-officeneartherail. station, where carriages 
 also are in waiting. The road, bordered with houses and fruit-trees 
 forks after 1/2 M., on the hill at the upper end of Spiez, the left 
 branch leading to Faulensee and Interlaken fp. 146), the right 
 to and Kandersteg. The latter (from which a direct footpath to 
 Spiezwyler diverges to the left near the forkl leads via Spiezmoos, 
 where it joins the road to Thun, on the right, and proceeds in a 
 wide curve to (25 min.) Spiezwyler (Bar), where it forks again. 
 To the right is the road to Wimmis (p. i 43) ; to the left to Kander- 
 steg. "VVe cross the ridge between the Lake of Thun and the Kan- 
 derthal (on the left the Sigriswyler Rothhorn and the Ralligstocke) 
 and proceed high up on the right side of the latter. To the right 
 rises the Niesen, with Wimmis at its TV. base, while in front 
 are the snow-mountains of the Kienthal. After 1/4 hr. the road to 
 {2 M.) Aesehi (see below) diverges to the left. In 3/4 hr. we reach 
 (4M. from Spiez) Emdthal (Inn),opposite the *Heiistrich-Bad(2303'J, 
 on the left bank of the Kander, with saline and sulphur-baths, much 
 frequented (board 37.2-6 fr. ; ascent of the Niesen, see p. 144). To 
 the left a footpath ascends to (20 min.) Aesehi (see below). The road 
 crosses the Suldbach to (II/4M.) Mulinen (2265'; *J5ar, moderate). 
 
 Fkom Spiez by Aescui to MiIlinen (51/2 M. ; one-horse carr. 6, two- 
 horse 12 fr.), a much more attractive route than the above. Walkers ascend 
 by a somewhat steep path in 1 hr. (or by the road, 4 M.) to Aesehi ('2818'; 
 "Hdt.-Pens. Bliimlisalp , pension 5-7 fr. ; '^ffdt.-Pens. }ilesen), a village on the 
 height between the Lake of Thun and the Kanderthal, with a charming 
 view of the lake, and visited as a health-resort. (The Faulensethad , p. 146, 
 is 1 M. to the S. E.) Descent to Emdthal or Mulinen, \};2 M. — Fkom 
 Aeschi to the Saxetenthal, a pleasant route (7V2 hrs. ; guide unnecess- 
 ary). Road by Ae^chi-Ried in the Suhlthal to the (6 M.) Untere Suldalp 
 (3418'); then a bridle-path, past a line waterfall of the Suldbach, to the 
 (liAhr.) Schlieren-Alp (4675'); ascent to the left to the (IV2 hr.) Renggli- 
 Fass or Tanzbodeli-Pass (6168'), between the Morgenberghvrn and the 
 Schwalmern ; then descend by the Hiiittr-Bergli- Alp to (IV2 hr.) ISaxeten 
 (p. 15i). The Morgenberghom (7383') may be ascended from the pass in 
 IV2 hr. (guide desirable for the unexperienced), or direct from Aeschi via 
 Aeschi- Allmend, the Sotmenberg, and the Hutmad Alp in 5 hrs. The ascent 
 of the Schwalmern (9137') from the Suldthal is more interesting, but fit 
 for experts only, with guide; descent past the Sulegg (p. 154) to Saxeten 
 or Isenfluh. — From Aeschi to Interlaken by Krattigen (Stern), Ln'ssigen 
 (Steinbock) and Ddrligen (p. 145), a beautiful walk or drive of 9 M. 
 
 The road once more forks, the right branch being the shorter. 
 The diligence passes through (8/4 M.) Reichenbach (2335'; "^Bdr). 
 
 12*
 
 1 80 ///. Route 53. FRUTIGEN. From Spiez 
 
 lying to the left, at the mouth of the Kienthal (superb view of the 
 
 Bliimlisalp). 
 
 A narrow road ascends the attractfve Kienthal, aflfording fine views 
 of the Biittlassen, Gspaltenhorn, and Blumlisalp, to the (4 M.) village of 
 Kienthal (rustic inn); cart road thence to (3'/2M.) the extensive Tschingel Alp 
 (3783'), 10 min. ivora. which is the Pochtenbachfall with the interesting '^Hexen- 
 kessel^ a kind of 'glacier milF. Thence over the Sefinen-Furgge to Mur- 
 ren (8-9 hrs.), and over the Eolithiirli to Kandersteg ^ see p. 159. To the 
 E. the valley is closed by the crevassed Gamchi Glacier^ the source of the 
 Pochteniach. Experts with able guides will find it interesting to cross the 
 Gamchiliicke (9295'), between the Bliimlisalp and the Gspaltenhorn, to 
 the TscMngelfirn (p. 159). We may then either cross the Pelersgrat to 
 Ried in the Lotschenthal (p. 159), or the Tscliingeliyass to Kandersteg 
 (p. 159), or the Tschingeltritt to Lauterbrunnen (p. 159). Distances: from 
 the Tschingelalp to Steinenberg 1 hr., end of the Gamchi Glacier IVzhr., 
 Gamchiliicice 2V2, Hied 6-7, Kandersteg 6, Lauterbrunnen 4 hrs. — As- 
 cents from the Kienthal: Biittlassen (10,490'; guide 25 fr.), from the Diir- 
 renberg-Hiitle (2V'2 hrs. above the Tschingelalp, see p. 159), 31/2-4 hrs., toil- 
 some, but repaying. — Gspaltenhorn (11,275'; guide 70 fr.), reached by 
 the Leiiergrat between the Biittlassen and the Gspaltenhorn, very diffi- 
 cult (lirst scaled by Mr. Foster in 1869). — "Wilde Frau (10,693'), from the 
 Frauenbalm Hut (p. 181) and up the Blumlisalp Glacier, 3 hrs., laborious. 
 
 The road crosses the Kander (fine view of the Kienthal to the 
 left), and beyond [8 M.) Wengi reaches — 
 
 91/2 M. Frutigen (2717'; pop. 4021; *Bellevue , with pretty 
 view, R., L., & A. 21/2, B. IV2 fr.; *Adler ; ^Helvetia; Hot. -Pens. 
 Bad Frutigen, well spoken of), a village situated in a fertile valley 
 on the EngstUgenbach (p. 185) , which falls into the Kander lower 
 down. Matches are largely manufactured here. From the church we 
 obtain a beautiful view of theKanderthal, theBalmhorn, the Altels,etc. 
 and of the Ralligstocke (p. 146). 
 
 A still more extensive view is commanded by the Ueblenherg (4780'), 
 to theX.W., 11/4 iir. above the village.— The Gerihorn (6995'; 3V2-4hrs.; 
 guide not indispensable) is an easy and attractive ascent. — From Frutigen 
 to Adelboden, diligence daily in 4 hrs., see p. 185. 
 
 Our road crosses the EngstUgenbach and turns into the Kander- 
 thal on the right, between the Gerihorn on the left, and the Elsig- 
 horn on the right. In front appear the Balmhorn and Altels. At 
 the (1 M.) ruins of the Tellenhurg we cross the Kander (walkers 
 may follow the left bank almost to the Blaue See), and traverse 
 the pleasant Kandergrund, finally ascending to (3 M.) Bunderhach 
 (2880'), with the church of the valley. 
 
 About 3/4 M. beyond the Hotel Altels a road diverges to the right in 
 8 min. to the *Blauer See, picturesquely embosomed in wood, and remark- 
 able for its brilliant colour (best by m"orning-light). ffdtel- Pension on the 
 bank of the lake (6-71/2 fr.). Admission and use of boat 1 fr. 
 
 Near (II/2 M.) Miitholz (3154') we pass the ruined Felsenburg ; 
 we then ascend the Buhlstutz in windings (old road shorter; fine 
 view of the Bliimlisalp at the top) to the district of Kandersteg, 
 and passing the (3 M.) Bilhlbad (3885'; *Inn, pens. 41/2-5 fr.), 
 reach (8/4 M.) — 
 
 19 M. Kandersteg (3840'). — Hot. Victoeia, R., L., & A. 8, 
 B. IV2, D.3V2fr.; *Alpenkose, unpretending; '*H6t. Gemmi, K., L., & A. 8-4, 
 D. 4fr., in Eggenschwand, IV4 M. farther on, at the upper end of Kander-
 
 J 
 
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 ^*V)BE 
 
 
 '"'ikifflioni -rl 
 
 T.<jcliiiifiplMi»^ 
 
 
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 to Leuk. KANDERSTEG. III. Route 53. 181 
 
 steg; Bak, 1/4 ^^- farther, near the foot of the Gemini, same charges; *Buhl- 
 bad, see above. — Guides (Jakob Imobersieg, schoolmaster; Johann^ Fritz and 
 Christian Ogi; David Oygev; Christian Hari; Albr. Miiller; Joh. Kilmi) : to 
 Schwarenbacli (unnecessary ; 3, descent 2 hrs.) 5 fr. ; to the Gemmi (summit 
 of the pass, 4, descent 23/4 hrs.) 7 fr. ; to the Baths of Leuk (5 hrs.) 10 fr. 
 — Horse to Schwarenbach 10, to the Gemmi 15 fr. (the descent on horse- 
 back to the Baths of Leuk is prohibited). Carriages (return -vehicles 
 cheaper): one-horse to Frutigen 10, two-horse 18 fr. ; Spiez, 18 or 32', Thun, 
 22 or 40; Interlaken, 25 or 45 fr. 
 
 A grand panorama is disclosed here : to the N.E. is the jagged 
 Birrenhorn; to the E. the glistening snow-mantle of the Bliimlisalp 
 or Frau, the beautiful Doldenhorn , and the barren Fisistocke ; to 
 the S.W,, between the Ueschinenthal and the Gasternthal, the 
 lofty Gellihorn. On the W. side of the valley is an old moraine. 
 
 To the E. lies the interesting Oeschinen-Thal, containing the beautiful 
 *Oeschinen-See (5223'), 1 M. in length. The path to it (I'/z hr. ; guide 4 fr., 
 unnecessary ; horse 8 fr.) diverges to the left by the Hotel Victoria, as- 
 cends for 50 min. on the left bank of the Oeschinenbach, partly through 
 wood, then crosses to the right bank, and descends to the lake (new 
 Inn, opened in 1893). Above the lake tower the huge, snovr-clad BlUm- 
 lisalp^ Friindenhorn, and Doldenhorn., from the precipices of which fall 
 several cascades. A row on the lake is very enjoyable (to the gorge at 
 the S.E. angle and back 1 hr.). Walkers may proceed round the lake 
 to the left as far as the Berglibach, opposite the glaciers. Thence to the 
 Oeschinenalp and over the Diindengrat into the Kienthal (guide to Reichen- 
 bach, 2U fr.), see p. 169. 
 
 The Bliimlisalp or Frau, a huge mountain-group, covered on the N. 
 side with a dazzling mantle of snow, and on the S. side descending 
 in bold precipices to the Kandergletscher, culminates in three principal 
 peaks. To the W, is the Bliimlisalphorn (12,042'), the highest ; in the centre 
 is the snowy peak of the Weisse Frau (12,012'); and to the E. is the 
 Morgenhorn (11,894') with the lower Wilde Frau (10,693'; p. ISO), Blumlis- 
 alpstock (10,502), Blumlisalp-Roihhorn (10,828'), and Oeschinenhorn (11,450'). 
 The Bliimlisalphorn was first ascended by Mr. Leslie Stephen in 1860, 
 the Weisse Frau by Dr. Roth and Hr. E. v. Fellenberg in 1862, nd both 
 have frequently been ascended since. (Both toilsome, but very interest- 
 ing; guide, 50 fr. for each. The night is spent in the Frauenbalm Hut on 
 the Diinden Pass; thence up the Bliimlisalp Olaciey, 4-5 hrs. to the sum- 
 mit.) — The Doldenhorn (11,9G5; guide, ^(i fr.), first ascended by ilessrs. 
 Roth and Fellenberg in 1862 (from Kandersteg by the Biherg Alp in 8 hrs.), 
 is difficult. — The Friindenhorn (11,030'; guide 40 fr.), first ascended in 
 1871 by Messrs. Ober and Corradi (from Kandersteg by the Alp In den 
 Friinden, IOV2 hrs.), is also difficult. — Interesting but toilsome passes 
 lead from the (Ueschinenthal to the Kander Glacier, across the Oeschinen- 
 joch (about 10,430'), between the Oeschinenhorn and the Friindenhorn, and 
 across the Friindenjoch (about 10,030'), between the Friindenhorn and the 
 Doldenhorn. 
 
 The 'Diindenhorn or Wiltwe (9410'; guide 20 fr.), ascended from Kander- 
 steg by the Obere Oeschinenalp in 6 hrs., for experts only, affords a splendid 
 survey of the Bliimlisalp group. We may then follow the arete to the 
 Frauenbalm Hut (see above), and descend thence to Kandersteg (13-14 hrs. 
 in all). 
 
 The wild 'Gasternthal, from which the Kander descends in pictur- 
 esque falls, deserves a visit (3/4-I hr.). A good path, diverging between 
 the Bar and Gemmi hotels, skirts the left bank and ascends steeply through 
 the Klus (p. 188) to the upper part of the valley, bounded on the S. by the 
 precipices of the Tatlishorn and Altels. Splendid fall of the Geltenbach. 
 — Other excursions (guide advisable for the inexperienced) may be made 
 from Kandersteg, to the E. to the (2V:.' hrs.) Fisi-Alp (6448'), and" to the W. 
 to the (2 hrs.) Allmen-Alp (5574'), both commanding line views. 
 
 From Kandersteg over the Bonderkrinden to Adelboden. see p. 186
 
 182 III. Route 53. GEMMI. From Spiez 
 
 (guide lOfr.); over the Lotschen Pass to Gampel (in tlie Valais), see E. 55 
 (guide 20 fr.) ; over the *Tschingel Pass to Lauterbrunnen, see p. 159 (guide 
 30 fr. ; preferable in the reverse direction, as there are no inns in the 
 Gasternthal, and the ascent thence is very long and fatiguing). — Over 
 the *Petersgrat to the Lotschenthal (11-12 hrs. from Kandersteg to Ried ; 
 guide 40 fr.), a very fine route. We follow the Tschingel Pass route to 
 the top of the Kanderfirn ; then turn to the right and ascend snow-slopes to 
 the pass on the Petersgrats, (10,660'; splendid view). Descent through the 
 Faflerthal or Tellithal to Pied (comp. p. 160). 
 
 Beyond the Bar Hotel (p. 181), the road contracts to a well- 
 kept bridle-path, and ascends. On the right is the Alpbach, issuing 
 from the Ueschinenthal, with several small falls. The path ascends 
 in windings at the base of the Gellihorn (7530'), on a slope which 
 terminates the valley, and then leads through pine-forest high 
 above the Gasternthal (p. 188), affording fine views of the Fisistock, 
 Doldenhorn, etc. On the right, 2^0 l^^s. from Kandersteg, are 
 the chalets of the Spitalmatte (6250'). To the E., between the snowy 
 Altels (11,930') and the black rocky peak of the Kleine Rinder- 
 horn (9865'; adjoining which is the snow-clad Grosse Riiiderhorn, 
 11,372'), lies imbedded thei6^c/iit'ar2 Glacier, drained by the ASc/jiyarz- 
 bach. We next traverse a stony wilderness, the scene of a landslip, 
 to the (7-2 tr.) Inn of Schwarenbach (6775'j R., L., & A. 31/4, B. 
 11/2 fr.), with its little lake. 
 
 The *Balmhorn (12,180'), ascended in 5-6 hrs., over the Schwarz Glacier 
 and the Zagengrat (toilsome, but free from danger ; guide 30 fr.), affords a 
 magnificent panorama of the Alps of Bern and the Valais, extending to 
 N. Switzerland. — The Altels (11,930') is also interesting (5-6 hrs. •, guide 
 25 fr. ; much step-cutting necessary when there is little snow). Those 
 who are not subject to dizziness mav combine the Ealmhorn with the 
 Altels (guide 50 fr.). — The Wildstrubel (10,670' ; guide 25, with descent to 
 Leuk 35 fr.), ascended from the Gemmi over the Ldmmern Glacier in 4- 
 472 hrs., is fatiguing, but repaying (comp. p. 189). 
 
 We next reach the (i/o tr.) shallow Daubensee (726^'), a lake 
 1 M. long, fed by the Lammern Glacier (see below), with no 
 visible outlet , and generally frozen over for seven months in the 
 year. The path skirts the E. bank of the lake, and, lOmin. beyond 
 it, reaches the summit of the pass, the Daube, or Gemmi (7553' ; 
 '^Hotel Wildstrubel, R.,L.,&A.3-3i 0,6.11, 4, D.Si^V^frO, atthebase 
 of the Daubenhorn (9685'), commanding a magnificent view of the 
 Alps of the Valais (panorama by Imfeld). The mountains to the ex- 
 treme left are the Mischabelhorner (Ballrinhoru, Uirichshorn, Nadel- 
 horn, Dom, and Taschhorn) ; more to the right rise Monte Rosa, the 
 Barrhorn, the Brunegghorn, the huge Weisshorn, the Zinal-Rothhorn, 
 the Ober-Gabelhorn. the blunt pyramid of theMatterhorn, thePointe 
 de Zinal, the Dent Blanche, the Bouquetins, and the Dents de Vei- 
 sivl. To the right of the Daubenhorn is the range of the Wildstru- 
 bel, with the Lammern Glacier. At a giddy depth below lie the Baths 
 of Leuk, and beyond them Inden (p. 184). Abundant flora. 
 
 About 4 min. below the pass is a stone hut, on the brink of an 
 almost perpendicular rock, 1660' high, down which, in 1736-41, the 
 Cantons of Bern and Valais constructed one of the most curious of
 
 to LeuJc. BATHS OF LEUK. Ill Route 53. 1S3 
 
 Alpine routes. From this point to Leuk it is upwards of 2 M. in 
 length, and nowhere less than 5' in width. The windings are skil- 
 fully hewn in the rock, often resembling a spiral staircase, the upper 
 parts actually projecting at places beyond the lower. The steepest 
 parts and most sudden corners are protected by parapets. Distant 
 voices reverberating in the gorge sometimes sound as if they issued 
 from its own recesses. Unprotected as the path appears when seen 
 from below, there is no danger, even to persons inclined to giddiness, 
 if attended by a guide. (Descent to the Baths V/o, ascent 2^/2 hrs.; 
 the descent on horse-back is now prohibited.) In 1861 a Comtesse 
 d'Herlincourt fell from her saddle over the precipice and was killed ; 
 a marble cross, Y4hr. from the top, commemorates the accident. From 
 the 'Blaue Fluh' we see on the opposite cliff a ladder (now inaccess- 
 ible) and other relics of an old guard house, up to the foot of which 
 the gorge was once filled with debris. The openings in the walls of the 
 meadows at the foot of the Gemmi are used for counting the sheep. 
 
 Baths of Leuk. — *H6tel des Alpes, R. & A. 31/2, B. l'/2, D. 41/2, pens. 
 9-11 fr. ; *3Iaison Blanche, with its dependance Grand Bain; 'Hotel de 
 Feance; Union-, R., L., & A. 3, D. 4 fr. ; ^Fk^res Brunner. D. 3 f r. ; 
 *Bellevde, R.,L.,&A.2,B. iV2,dej.2'/i:,D.3V2fr. ; Guill. Tell, moderate ; 
 RossLi, unpretending. — Horse to Kandersteg 20, Schwarenbacii 12, Gemmi 
 8 fr. ; Porter to Kandersteg 10, Schwarenbach 6, Gemmi 4 fr. — Diligence 
 (from the Hotel de France) to the Leuk station every forenoon in summer in 
 2 hrs. (3 fr. 95 c); one-horse carr. 12-15, two-horse 25 fr. — English Church. 
 
 Bad Leuk (4630'), Fr. Loeche-les-Bains, locally known as Baden 
 or Ober-Baden, a village consisting chiefly of wooden houses, with 
 620 inhab., lies on green pastures in a valley opening to the S., 
 and watered by the Dala, 2920' below the Daube (Gemmi), and 
 2590' above the Rhone. In July and August the baths are much 
 frequented by French, Swiss, and Italian visitors. In the height of 
 summer the sun disappears about 5 p.m. The huge, perpendicular 
 wall of the Gemmi presents a weird appearance by moonlight. 
 
 The Thermal Springs (93-123° Fahr.) , impregnated with lime, about 
 22 in number, rise in and near the village, and are so abundant that nine- 
 tenths of the water flow unused into the Dala. They are chiefly beneficial 
 in cases of cutaneous disease. They vary in strength and temperature, the 
 Lawrence Spring being the most powerful. Their sanatory properties appear 
 to depend more on the way in which they are used than on their mineral 
 ingredients. The 'cure' takes t^enerally 21-25 days. The patient begins with 
 a bath of half-an-hour. the time of immersion being gradually increased. 
 From the 6th to the Uithday the whole body is usually covered with an erup- 
 tion, which gradually disappears between the 18th and the 25th day. After 
 three weeks the daily immersion is prolonged to 4-5 hrs., 2-3 in the morn- 
 ing and 1-2 in the afternoon. After each bath the patient usually lies in 
 bed for an hour. In order to avoid the tedium of a long and solitary soak- 
 ing, most of the patients, clothed in long flannel dresses, sit in a common 
 bath for several hours together, during which the water is not changed. 
 Each bather has a small floating table before him, Irom which his book, 
 newspaper, or coffee is enjoyed. The utmost order and decorum are pre- 
 served. Private baths may also be obtained (2 fr.). 
 
 Both the Old and the New Bath House now contain separate 
 basins for ladies and gentlemen, about 3 ft. deep. Spectators are 
 admitted to the galleries, where they are expected to contribute a
 
 184 ///. Route 53. INDEN. 
 
 small sum 'pour les panvres'. The loud and animated conversation 
 of the patients , who appear to enjoy excellent spirits, is chiefly in 
 French. Small tables or trays float upon the water, bearing cups of 
 coffee, newspapers, books, and other means of passing the time. 
 Both houses also contain shower-baths. All the baths are open from 
 5 to 10 a.m. and from 2 to 5 p.m. 
 
 Excursions. A walk, partially shaded, and affording a fine view, leads 
 from the '^ Kurpromenade' to the foot of a lofty precipice (1/2 hr.j on the 
 left bank of the Dala. Here we ascend by eight rude Ladders (echelles), 
 attached to the face of the rock, to a good path at the top, which leads in 
 1 hr. to the village oi Alhinen, or Arbignon {^'252'). The fine view obtained 
 from a projecting rock above the second ladder will alone repay the 
 climber; but persons liable to dizziness should not attempt the ascent. 
 The descent is more difficult. 
 
 Excursions may also be made to the Fall of the Dala, 1/2 hr. ; Feuil- 
 lerette Alp (5850'), V* br., with fine view of the Altela , Balmhorn, and 
 Gemmiwand-, Fluh Alp (6710'), 21/2 hrs, ; Torrent Alp (6345'), I1/2 hr. (For 
 longer excursions guides should be brought from Kandersteg.) The *Tor- 
 renthorn (9852'; 41/2 hrs.) commands a magnificent view of the Bernese and 
 Valaisian Alps ; bridle-path nearly to the summit (horse 15 fr. ; guide 
 desirable, 10 fr.). The route may be varied by descending across the 
 Majing Glacier (guide indispensable). Travellers from the Rhone Valley 
 save considerably by going direct from the town of Leuk (see below) to 
 Albinen, and thence with a guide by Chermignon (6284') to the Torrent- 
 horn, whence they may descend to the Baths of Leuk. The descent by the 
 above-mentioned ladders, which is usually chosen by the guides, should 
 be avoided, especially in wet weather. The Oalmhorn (8080'), near Cher- 
 mignon, is also frequently ascended (272 hrs. from the Baths, by the 
 Torrent Alp). Those who do not care to ascend higher will be repaid by 
 a visit to Chermignon, which affords a capital survey of the Rhone Valley 
 and the Valaisian Alps. — Passes : To the Lotschesthal over the Gifzi- 
 furgge, or to Kandersteg over the Gitzifurgge and the Lotschen Pass^ 
 laborious (comp. p. 18T). To the Lotschenthal over the Ferden Pass.^ 
 interesting and not difficult (comp. p. 187). To Adelboden over the 
 Engstligengrat (7-8 hrs.), repaying (p. 186). 
 
 The road to Leuk crosses the Dala immediately below the Baths, 
 descends on the right bank to (3 M.) Indent (3730'; ^Restaurant des 
 Alpes), and then recrosses the (11/2 M.") torrent by a handsome 
 bridge (*Restaurant du Pont) affording fine views of the ravine. 
 
 Pedestrians effect a great saving by following the old bridle-path 
 to the left from the Restaurant des Alpes. The path rejoins the road 
 before the bridge, and again diverges from it to the right, beyond the 
 shrine of St. Barbara (2997'; guide-post), IV4 M. beyond the bridge. By 
 this route the walk from the Baths to the railway -station of Leuk- 
 Susten takes 2-2i/2 (the ascent S-S'/s) hrs. — A direct carriage-road to 
 Sieree diverges to the right from the Leuk road, V2 hr. below Inden 
 in the Dala ravine, passing through several tunnels, and gradually descend- 
 ing the slope by Varen and Salgesch (to Sierre 2 hrs.). 
 
 The road quits the Dala ravine at a point high above the Rhone 
 VaUey, of which a beautiful view down to Martigny is disclosed. 
 About 3 M. from the Dala bridge we reach (2^2 M.) — 
 
 71/2 M. Leuk, OT LoecJie-Ville (2470'; pop. 1548; Couronne), 
 a small town on a height 3/^ M. from the Rhone, with a picturesque 
 old castle. The culture of the vine begins here. The road crosses 
 the railway and the Rhone by an iron bridge, to the (l^/o M.) — 
 
 9 M. Leuk Station (2044'; Restaurant), see p. 297.
 
 185 
 54. The Adelboden Valley. 
 
 Comp. Map^ p. 180. 
 
 From Spiez to (19'/-^ M.) Adelboden, Diligence daily in G'/s lira. (5 fr. 40 c), 
 at 7 a.m. (from Frutigen at 10.3U). Carriage with one horse 18, with two 
 horses 32 fr., from Frutigen 10 and 18 fr. — The verdant Adelboden Valley, 
 watered by the Engstligeiibach, is one of the most attractive upland valleys 
 in the Oberland. The upper end of the valley, shut in by the Lohner 
 and the Wildstrubel, presents imposing scenery, while the village 
 of Adelboden is a convenient centre for numerous shorter and longer 
 excursions, and is much frequented as a summer-resort. 
 
 Frutigen (2717'), see p. 180. The new road gradually ascends 
 on the left bank of the EngstUgen , crossing several impetuous 
 tributary brooks descending from the wooded mountain-slopes on 
 the right, and passes beneath the Linterfluh (slate quarries). At 
 (57-2 M.) Eindtrwald it crosses to the right bank by means of a 
 bold bridge, and passes the inn of Steg and the Pochtenkessel (2min. 
 below the road, see below) to Hirzboden, where it returns to the 
 left bank near the Hospital for the Poor, It lontinues to ascend to 
 (41/2 M.; 10 M. from Frutigen) Adelboden (4450'; *H6t.-Pens. 
 Wildatrubel, R. IV2, I>- -"3, pens. 4-7 fr. ; Adler ; Pens. Hari; 
 pop. 1579), beautifully situated on a sunny terrace, 400' above 
 theEngstligenbach, with interesting old timber buildings and an old 
 church containing mediaeval frescoes. Pine-forests in the vicinity. 
 
 EscoRSioNs (guides, 0. Fdhndrich. schoolmaster; Chr.Egger; Chr.Bdrt- 
 schi; Joh. a-nd Sam. Piei-en, Sam.Fri/d). Short Walks : To theN., through 
 the Aeusser-Schwand to the (3/4 hr.) Biitscheggen (4480'), at the mouth of the 
 Tschententhal, commanding a view of the Frutig valley and the Nieseu 
 chain. The Hornli (4910'), Vzlir. farther up towards the Tschenten-Alp, 
 commands a still more extensive view. — To the (1 hr.) Koleren Gorge, 
 in the Tschenten-Graben, with a curious grotto excavated by the Tschen- 
 ten-Bach (entrance from below). — To the (IV4 hr.) Pochtenkessel, a deep 
 gorge of the Engstligenbach near the inn of Steg (see above), 2 min. 
 below the road to Frutigen. — To the (1 hr.) Wettertanne or Scherm- 
 tanne in the Allenbachthal, via Sliegelschwand, at the foot of the tremendous 
 . precipices of the Albrist and Gsiir. — To the Bonderlenthal and the Lohner 
 Waterfalls (2 hrs. to the foot of the cliffs of the Lohner). a charming 
 Alpine glade and a beautiful cascade. Farther up towards the Bonder- 
 Alp are abundant rhododendrons. — To the (2 hrs.) *Engstlig-Falls, a 
 copious waterfall, 480' high, in two leaps (the ascent to the imposing upper 
 Fall not advisable for novice?). A fatiguing path (guide advisable, G fr.) 
 leads hence to the Engstlig-AIp (p. 186). — Short Ascests : To the Kunis- 
 bergli and Hochst (5380'), 21/2 hrs., via the Biiuert Boden, a picturesque 
 Alp, with rhododendrons; the Hochst commands a view of the Adelboden 
 valley (guide 3 fr., not indispensable). — To the (2V2 hrs.) Schwandfeld- 
 spitze (bbecy; good view), above the village to the W. (guide 4 fr., not 
 indispensable). — To the (3i/2-4 hrs.) 'Laveigrat (7952' ; guide 6 fr.), via 
 the Alp Sillern and along the Sillern-Gral; fine view of the Bernese Alps 
 and the Vaud and Freiburg mountains. At the W. foot of the mountain 
 are the Baths of Lenk. 
 
 Longer Mountain-Todrs: *Bonderspitz (83G0'; 4-5 hrs.; guide 8 fr.) 
 and Elsighorn (7695'; 6 hrs.; guide 8 fr.), two easy and interesting ascents. 
 On the Elsigalp is a small lake, with stone-pines in the vicinity. — 'Albrist 
 (9065'; 5-6 hrs.; guide 12 fr.), not difficult; fine view of the Bernese and 
 Valaisian Alps. The ascent leads via the elevnted /'uriysri-.4(p (6835'), and 
 an attractive descent mav be made via the Hahnenmoos (guide 15 fr.). — 
 Gsiir (889.5' : 5 hrs. ; guide" 12 fr.), difficult, for experts only ; fine view of
 
 186 in. Route 55. RIED. 
 
 tlie Bernese Alps. — Gross-Lohner (10,020'^ 7-8 bra. ; guide 30 fr.), a fatigu- 
 ing ascent, adapted only for experts-, fine view, — ^Wildstrubel {Gross- 
 sfrubel, or E, summit, lO-GTO"; 8-lUlirs.; guide 30 fr.), an interesling glacier 
 expedition, not difficult for adepts, via the Engstlig-Alp^ where the night 
 is spent, and the Struhelegg (9610'). The summit commands an imposing 
 view of the entire chain of the Valaisian Alps, the Mont Blanc group, 
 the Lammern Glacier, the Plaine Morte, etc. The descent may be made 
 over the crevassed Lammern Glacier to the Gemmi (p. 182; guide 40 fr.). 
 — Felsenhorn(9i75'; 7hrs. ; guide 15 fr.), vikthe Engstligen-Gral (see below), 
 a very interesting expedition, with a fine view of the neighbourhood of 
 the Gemmi, and the Bernese and Valaisian Alps. — 'Mannlifluh (8705'), 
 via Rinderwald and Otterngrat (pass to Diemtigen, 7220'), 51/:^ hrs., also 
 interesting. 
 
 Passes. To Lenk a path, marshy at places, leads over the Hahnen- 
 moos (OilO*), passing a large dairy establishment near the top, in 4-5 hrs. 
 (guide 8, horse 15 fr.). Beautiful view, during the descent, of the upper 
 Simmenthal, the Wildstrubel, the Weisshom, and the Razli Glacier. In the 
 reverse direction I-IV2 hr. longer. 
 
 Feom Adelboden to Kandeesteg, an interesting route over the Bonder- 
 krinden or the Allmengrat (83i:0'; 6 hrs.; guide 10 fr.), with which the 
 ascent of the Bonderspitz (see above) may be conveniently combined. — 
 To Schwaeexbach, somewhat fatiguing (8-9 hrs. 5 guide 15 fr.), via the 
 Bonderkrinden, Ueschinenthnl ^ and Schwarzgrdtli (see below). — To 
 ScHWARENBACH OVER THE Engstligexgeat, 7-8 hrs., with guide (15 fr.), a 
 fine route. From Adelboden we ascend to the S., passing the EngstUg 
 Falls (see p. 185), to the (3 hrs.) EngstUg Alp (6360'), a wide Alpine basin 
 at the ba^e of the Wildstrubel (see above). We then cross the (2 hrs.) 
 Engstligengrat. passing the serrated Tschingelochtighorn (8990'), and descend 
 into the Ueschinenthdli, with its little lake (far below to the left lies the 
 Veschinenthal). Then to the left, over the Schwarzgrdtli (see above), to 
 (2 hrs.) Schwarenbach (p. 182); or we may traverse the Ueschinenthdli 
 Glacier, on the W. side of the Felsenhorn (9175'). and descend through 
 the Rothe Kumme to the Daubensee and Gemmi Pass. The route passes 
 through a rich Alpine flora, with abundant Edelweiss. 
 
 55. From Gampel to Kandersteg. Lotschen Pass. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 180. 
 
 12 hrs. for good walkers only, in fine weather. Guide from Ferden 
 or Ried to Kandersteg necessary ' (15, from Gampel 20 fr.). The Lotschen- 
 thal itself is worthy of a visit. A steep and rough cart-road leads to 
 Goppenstein •, f hence to Eied and Gletscherstaffel a bridle-path. 
 
 From Gampel (2756'; Hotel Lotschenthal) , on the right bank of 
 the Rhone, 1 M. to the N. of the station of that name (p. 297), the 
 road ascends: the Lotschenthal , or gorge of the Lonza, which is 
 much exposed to avalanches. Mounting rapidly at first, it passes 
 the chapels of (1 hr.) Mitthal and (1/2 lir.) Goppenstein (4035'). 
 Beyond Goppenstein the hridle-path crosses the (1/4 hr .) Lonza , where 
 the valley expands, and leads to (J hr.) Ferden (4557'; poor inn) and 
 (Vdhr.) Kippel (4514'; hed at the cure's). It then ascends gradually 
 by Wiler to (40 min.) Ried (4950'; *B6t. Nesthorn, unpretending), 
 finely situated at the N.W. base of the Bietschhom (12,965'). 
 
 ExccRSioxs. (Guides, Jos. Rubin, Jos. Kallermalten , etc.) The Hoh- 
 gleifen {Adlerspitze, 10,828'; 6-7 hrs., with guide) is not difficult. Superb 
 view of the Valaisian Alps from the Simplon to Mont Blanc, the W, 
 Bernese Alps, the Lotschenthal and Rhone Valley, and to the E. in 
 the foreground the huge Bietschhom. — The Bietschhom (12.965'-, 9 hrs.,
 
 LOTSCHENPASS. III. Route 55. 187 
 
 guide 60 fr.), first ascended by Mr. LeslieStephen in 1859, ia very fatiguing 
 and difficult, and fit for experts onlv. The night is spent in the Club- 
 hut on the Schafberg (8440'), 3 hrs. from Ried. 
 
 The followiritr ascents may also be made from Ried: " Laute'ihrunmn- 
 Breiihorn (12.400'; 7-8 hrs., guide 3 i fr.), not difficult for experts; ''ffocken- 
 horn (11,81".'; 51/2-61/2 br?.; gaideS fr.), not difCfcult (see below); Tschingel- 
 horn (11,748'; over the Petersgrat in 6 hrs.; guide 2 J fr.), not difficult; and 
 Grosshoni (12,352'; 8 hrs.; guide 35 fr.), laborious. 
 
 Passes. Over the Petersgrat (10,515') to Lauterbrunnen (12 hrs.; 25 fr.). 
 fatiguing but highly interestinji; , see p. 100. — Welterlucke (10.365') and 
 Schmadrijoch (10.863'), both difficult, see p. 160. — Over the Lofschen- 
 lilcke to the Egrjishorn. see p. 306; oyq-c ih& Beichpass io the Belalp. p. 299. 
 
 Over the Baltschiederjoch (about 11,150') to the Rhone Valley (from 
 Ried to Vi.sp 12 hrs., guide 20 fr.) , interesting but fatiguing. — The 
 Bietschjoch (10,633'), o hrs. from Ried to Raron, is a fine route, free from 
 difficulty (guide 12 fr.). 
 
 From Kied to Bad Leuk over the Ferden Pass, 8-9 hrs., with guide, 
 a very fine route, and not difficult. At the Kummenalp (see below) the 
 path diverges to the left from the Lotschen Pass route and ascends the 
 Ferdenfhal to the Ferden Pass (8593'), between the Majinghorn and the 
 Ferden-Rothhorn. Descent over long stony slopes to the Fluhalp and through 
 the Dalathal to Bad Leuk (p. 183). — Over the Gitzifurgge (9613'), 
 9-10 hrs. to Bad Leuk, an interesting but laborious route. The pass lies 
 to the S.W. of the Lotschen Pass, between the Ferden-Rothhorn and the 
 Balmhorn. Descent over the Bala Glacier to the Fluhalp (see above). — Over 
 THE Resti Pass, 7-8 hrs., also interesting (guide 12 fr.). From Ferden we 
 ascend over the Resti-Alp{&^2&:, two beds) in 4 hrs. to the Resti Pass (8658'), 
 between the Resti-Rothhorn and the Laucherspitze (94C0'; easily ascended 
 from the pass in ^'n hr. ; admirable view) and descend over the Bachalp 
 to the town of Leuk in 3-4 hrs. more. — To Leuk-Susten over the Faldum 
 Pass (8675'), between the Laucherspitze and the Faldum-Roihhorn (9310'), 
 or over the Niven Pass (8563'), betv^een the Faldum-Rothhorn and the 
 Niven (9110'; a fine point of view, ','2 hr. from the pass), both easy. 
 
 The Lotschen Pass is reached from Ried in 31/2 iirs. by Weissen- 
 ried, Lauchernalp, a.nd. Sattlegi. Another route ascends from Ferden 
 (p. 186) to the N.W. , through beautiful larch-wood and over 
 pastures, to the (2 hrs.) Kummenalp (6808'); then over rock, 
 debris, and patches of snow to the (2 hrs.) Lotschen Pass (88400, 
 commanded on the W. by the steep slopes of the Balmhorn (p. 182), 
 and on the E. by the Schilthorn, or Jlockenhorn (10,817'; ascended 
 from the pass in 27-2 lirs. ; splendid view). We obtain the finest view 
 on the route a little before reaching the pass itself: to the S.E. 
 rises the Bietschhorn, to the S. the magnificent group of the Mi- 
 schabel, Weisshorn, and Monte Rosa; to the N. are the rocky but- 
 tresses of the Doldenhorn and Bliimlisalp ; to the N.E. the Kander 
 Glacier, overshadowed by the Mutthorn (9978'). 
 
 The path descends on the right side of the Lotschenb erg Glacier ; 
 near the end of the glacier it crosses to the left side and leads over 
 the Schonbuhl to the (l'/4 hr.) Gfdllalp (6036'; milk), overlooking 
 the upper Gasternthal. At the bottom of the valley we cross the 
 Kander to (1/2 lii^-) Gasterndorf , or Selden (5315'), a group of 
 hovels (the first, a small cabaret). The Gasternthal was more thickly 
 peopled at the beginning of the century than now ; but indiscrim- 
 inate felling of timber has so exposed it to avalanches that the 
 inhabitants have to leave it from February to the hay-harvest. Be-
 
 188 III. Route 56, LENK. 
 
 yond a beautiful forest, which for centuries has resisted the avalanches 
 of the Doldenhorn , we next reach (1 hr.) Gasternholz (4462'), 
 amidst a chaos of rocks. The valley bends here and soon expands, 
 being bounded on the S. by the snow-clad Altels (11,930'1 and the 
 Tatlishorn (8220'), and on the N. by the Fisisfocke (9200'). Of 
 the various waterfalls that descend the abrupt cliffs to the S., the 
 finest is that of the Geltenbach. 
 
 At the end of the valley the road enters the (1 hr.) Klus, a de- 
 file 3/^ M. long, through which the Kander forces its way in a series 
 of cascades. In the centre of the gorge we cross to the left bank of 
 the river, and beyond its outlet we reach the Gemmi route, and (1/2 
 hr.) Kandersteg (see p. 180). 
 
 56. From Thun to Sion over the Rawyl. 
 
 Co7np. Maps, pp. 148, 180, 238, 296. 
 
 22 hrs. Diligence from Thun to Lenk (33 M.) twice daily in 8 hrs. 
 (9 fr. 75 c., coupe 11 fr. 80 c. ; one-horse carr. 35, two-horse 60 fr.). From 
 Lenk to Sion (iOi/2 hrs.) a Bkidle Path, good on the Bern side, but rough 
 on the other. Guide desirable (to Sion 16 fr. •, horse 30 fr.). The Gemmi 
 is far preferable to the Rawyl as a route to the Valais. 
 
 To (251/2 M.) Zweisimmen, see pp. 190-192. The Lenk road 
 crosses the Simme near Gxoatt , and ascends the Upper Simmenthal 
 by Bettelried, passing Schloss Blankeriburg on the right (p. 192), 
 to the prettily situated (3 M.) St. Stephan (3297'; Falke); then 
 to Grodei, Matten, at the mouth of the Fermelthal (p. 191) , and 
 (5 M.) — 
 
 331/2 M. Lenk (3527'; *Hirsch, pens. 5 fr. ; ''Krone, R. & A. 
 2V2, B. 1 fr. 20 c, pens. 6 fr.; *Stern, pens. 5 fr. ; Kreuz), a village 
 rebuilt to a great extent since a fire in 1878, situated in a flat and 
 somewhat marshy part of the valley of the Simme. About 1/0 ^- to 
 the S.W. (path in 9 min.), lies the *Kuranstalt Lenk (3624'; R., 
 L., & A. 41/4, board 6-7 fr.), with well fitted up sulphur-baths and 
 grounds. The Wildstruhel (10,670'), with its huge precipices and 
 glaciers, whence several streams descend, forms a grand termination 
 to the valley. 
 
 ExcDKsiONS. (Guides, Chr. and Joh. Jac. Jaggi.) The Simme rises, 
 4 M. to the S. of Lenk, in the so-called Siebenbrunnen , to which an 
 interesting walk may be taken (4 hrs. there and back). Road by Oberried 
 (passing on the left an isolated nummulite rock with a 'glacier milF, 
 and view of the Wildhorn) to (IV4 hr.) Sialden (4232'), at the foot of 
 the falls of the Simme. A path now ascends in front of the saw-mill, 
 between alders, describing a curve on the right bank of the stream, and 
 skirting a deep gorge with fine waterfalls. It passes two chalets, traverses 
 pastures , and crosses the brook to (2/4 hr.) the chalets of the E.&zli- 
 berg (4583'5 Fridig's Inn, small). To the S., the 'Seven Fountains' (4744'), 
 now united into a single stream, issue from the perpendicular rocks. 
 Farther on, to the left, is the Upper Fall 0/ the Simme, which is con- 
 spicuous from a long distance. To the right rise the Oletscherhorn (9672') 
 and Laufbodenhorn (8878'), to the left the Ammertenhorn (8740'). 
 
 The Oberlaubhorn (6670'), rising to the W, of the Razliberg, is fre- 
 quently ascended from Lenk either by Trogegg in S'/zhrs., or by Poschen-
 
 WILDSTRUBEL. III. Route 56. 189 
 
 vied and the RUzberg Alp (5T10') in 4 hrs., with guide ; back by tlie Razli- 
 berg, Stalden, and Oberried. — The *Miilkerblatt (6355') is well worth 
 ascending for the fine view of the Wildstrubel. etc. (2'/2 hrs.). Beyond 
 the Kurhaus we ascend on the left bank of the Krummbach, (10 min.) cross 
 it, traverse pastures and wood, passing several chalets, and mount the 
 Beltelberg to the top. 
 
 The Iffigensee (6826'), 3V-j-4hrs., is also worth seeing. By the (2 hrs.) 
 J/Jigen Inn (see below) we turn to the right to the 0/2 hr.) Slieren-Iffigenalp 
 (5512'; refreshmts.). The path, steep and stony at places, then ascends 
 to the (1 hr.) saddle which bounds the lake, and leads round its bank 
 to the right (where edelweiss abounds) to the (V* br.) humble chalet at 
 the W. end. — At the base of the Niesenhom (9113'), ^4 hr. higher up, 
 is the Wildhorn Club Hut (about 7880'), from which the Wildhorn (10,705') 
 is ascended in 2' 2-3 hrs. (laborious and fit for experts only: guide from 
 Lenk 25, porter 18 fr.). The route ascends the moraine of the Dungel 
 Glacier^ and the steep and toilsome E. slope of the Kirchli (9157') to the 
 top of the glacier, whence a gentle incline leads to the summit. Splendid 
 view of the Jura, the Todi, 3Ite. Leone, Mte. Rosa. Mt. Blanc. Mte. Viso, 
 and particularly of the Plaine Morte on the Wildstrubel , and of the 
 Diablerets. Descent, if preferred, to the S. by the Glacier du Brozet to 
 the H6tel Sanefsch at Zanjleuron (2V2-3 hrs. j see p. 239). 
 
 The *Rohrbachstein (9690' 5 61/2 hrs., guide 15 fr.) is a capital point 
 of view, free from difllculty. From the (4 hrs.) Rav/yl Pass (p. 190) 
 we turn to the left and mount to the (IV2 hr.) saddle between the Rohr- 
 bachstein and the Wetzsteinhorn, and to the summit in 1 hr. more. Fossils 
 are found here. 
 
 The Wildstrubel (W. peak 10,666'; central peak 10.656'-, E. peak 
 or Grossstrubel, 10,670') is best ascended from the Rawyl Pass. From the 
 Iffigen Inn, where the night is spent, to the Rawyl 2 hrs.; we then ascend 
 to the left to the snow-arete between the Weisshorn and the Rohrbach- 
 stein (21/2 hrs.), cross the Glacier de la Plaine Morte, and mount the slopes 
 of a snow-arete to the W. summit in 2V2 hrs., and the central peak in 
 1/2 hr. more (from Iffigen 71/2 hrs. in all). Guide from Lenk 27, down 
 to the Gemmi 30 fr. — From the Razliberg (see above) a steep path as- 
 cends the Fltihwande above the Siebenbrunnen to the (2 hrs.) Fluhseeli 
 (6710'); thence over debris, moraine, and the Rdzli Glacier to the W. peak 
 (4 hrs.). — A third route (toilsome) ascends steeply from the (21/2 hrs.) 
 RUzberg Alp (see above-, bed of hay) past the Laufbodenhorn (88T8'), via the 
 Thierberg and the Thierberg Glacier, and past the Gletscherhom (9672') to 
 the Razli Glacier and to the W. peak (S hrs. from Ritzberg). Descent to 
 the N.W. by the Ammerten Glacier, difficult; to the E. over the crevassed 
 Ldinmern Glacier to the Gemmi (p. 182); to the N.E. over X\i.Q Strubelegg to 
 the Engstlig-Alp and Adelboden (p. 186). 
 
 From Lenk to Gsteig (7 hrs.): over the TrUHlisberg (6713') to (4V2 hrs.) 
 Lauenen (p. 238) , and thence over the Krinnen (5463') to (2'/2 hrs.) Gsteig 
 (p. 238). Path bad at places (guide 12, horse 25 fr.), see R. 67. 
 
 From Lenk to Saanen (p. 192), 6 hrs., path over the Reulissenberg or 
 Zwitzer Egg (5636'), and down the Turbachthal (guide 8 fr.). — To Adel- 
 boden over the Hahnenmoos (guide 8, horse 15 fr.), see p. 186. Over the 
 Ammerten Pass (8032'), to the S.E. of the Ammertengrat (8580'), interesting 
 7 hrs., with guide). 
 
 The R.A.WYL Route (at first a carriage-road) gradually ascends 
 on the W. side of the valley to (IV4 M.) the left bank of the If- 
 figenbach and the pleasant Poschenried-Thal. The road ends '2 M. 
 farther on. By the (5 min.) Iffigenfall (4483'), 400' high, -the 
 bridle-path ascends to the right. After 20 min. we turn, above 
 the fall, into a wooded valley, through which the Iffigenbach 
 dashes over its narrow rocky bed, and traverse a level dale (with the 
 precipices of the Rawyl on the left) to the (^'2 ^r.) Iffigenalp
 
 190 III. Route 56. RAWYLPASS. 
 
 (5253'; rustic Inn, dear). Here we turn sharply to the left (finger- 
 post), ascend through a small wood on a stony slope , skirt the face 
 of a cliff, cross (10 min.) a brook, and reach (50 min.) a stone hut 
 on a height overlooking the Simmenthal. "We skirt the W. side 
 of the small (2/4 hr.) Rawyl-See (7743') and reach (I/4 hr.) a cross (la 
 Grande Croix) which marks the boundary of Bern and Valais and the 
 summit of the Eawyl (7943'; 41/4 hrs. from Lenk), with a refuge- 
 hut. The pass consists of a desolate stony plateau (Plan des 
 Roses), enclosed by lofty and partially snow -clad mountains: 
 to the W. the long Mittaghorn (8842'); S.W., the Schneidehorn 
 (9640') and the snow -clad Wildhorn (10,705'; p. 189); S., the 
 htosid Rawylhorn (9540') and the Wetzsteinhorn (9114'); E., the 
 Rohrbachstein (dQQO' : p. 189); N.E., the extremities of the glaciers 
 of the Weisshorn (9882'). 
 
 Beyond the pass the path is bad. It passes a second small 
 lake, and (3/4 hr.) reaches the margin of the S. slope, which affords 
 a limited, but striking view of the mountains of the Valais. 
 It descends a steep rocky slope (leaving the dirty chalets of Ar- 
 millon, 6926', to the left), and (i/o hr.) crosses a bridge in the 
 valley (5970' ; a good spring here). Instead of descending to the 
 left to the chalets of (i^hr.) Nieder-Raicyl (JPt. Us Ravins, 5768'), 
 we ascend slightly by a narrow path to the right, and skirt the 
 hill-side. Then (25 min.) a steep ascent, to avoid the Kdndle (see 
 below); 20 min., a cross on the top of the hill (6330'), whence we 
 again descend to (1/2 tr.) Praz Combeira (5344'), a group of huts ; 
 and lastly a long, fatiguing descent by a rough, stony path, as- 
 cending at places, to (1 1/2 l^i-) -^76^* (3-^00'; 33/4 hrs. from the 
 pass ; Inn of the cure, good wine). 
 
 The footpath from !Nieder-Rawyl to Ayent, shorter by 1 hr., leads by 
 the so-called 'Kandle'' (i.e. channel), Fr. Sentiev du Bisse, along the edge 
 of a water-conduit skirting a steep slope 1300' in height. Being little more 
 than 1' in breadth, the path is only practicable for persons with steady heads. 
 
 The path, which now improves, next leads by Grimisuat (2894'; 
 Ger. Grimseln) and Champlan to (2 hrs.) Sion (p. 296; IOV2 ^rs. 
 from Lenk). 
 
 57. From Thun through the Simmenthal to Saanen. 
 
 341/2 M. Diligence twice daily (7 a. m. and 12.30 p.m.) direct to Saanen 
 in 8V2 hrs. (fare 9 fr. 30, conpe 12 fr. 5 c.) ; another to Zweisimmen daily 
 at 3.30 p.m. in 5 hrs. 40 min. — One-horse carr. to Weissenburg 13, two- 
 horse 2i fr., to Zweisimmen 28 or 50, to Saanen 35 or 50, to Chateau d'Oex 
 40 or 70, to Aigle 80 or 150, to Bulle 70 or 120 fr. 
 
 The road skirts the Lake of Thun as far as (3M.) G'u'aff (Schafle; 
 Post), where the Spiez road diverges to the left, and gradually 
 ascends towards the Niesen (p. 144). On a hill to the right rises the 
 slender tower of Strdttligen (p. '143). At the bottom of the valley 
 flows the Kander, in an artificial channel (p. 145). The road follows
 
 WEISSENBURG. III. Route 57. 191 
 
 its left bank, and then the left bank of the Simme, which falls into 
 the Kander near Reutigen, a prettily situated place. 
 
 6 M. Brothiisi (*Hirsch), with a picturesque old castle on the 
 hill-side. (To the E., 1 M., lies the substantial village of Wimmis, 
 p. 144.) The road passes through a defile (Porte) between the Sim- 
 menfluh and the Burgfluh into the Simmenthal (locally called the 
 Siebenthat), a fertile valley with numerous villages. 
 
 81/2 M. Latterbach (2303'; Bar). To the S. is the Diemtigthal. 
 
 Feom Latterbach to Mattex a shorter, but uninteresting route 
 (7 hrs.) leads through the Diemtigthal. At Latterbach it crosses the Simme 
 and follows the right bank of the Kirel (passing the village of Diemtigen 
 on the hill to the right) and then the loft bank to Wampffen and (2V4 hrs.) 
 yscAwepj's (3763') , where the valley divides into the Mdniggrund to the 
 right and the Schwendenthal to the left. We follow the latter, which 
 after V4 hr. again divides at Warttannen (3970). The path now diverges 
 from the road, ascends to the W. through the Grimhachthal to the (2 hrs.) 
 Grimmi (6644'), a little-frequented pass, and descends through the fertile 
 Fermelthal to (2 hrs.) Matten (p. 188). 
 
 10 M. Erlenbach (2320'; *Krone, *Ldwe, both unpretending), 
 with well-built wooden houses. 
 
 The Stockhorn (7195') is sometimes ascended hence by experts in 
 41/2 hrs.; better from Tfiun, hj Amsoldingen and Ohev-Stocken ('Bar, rustic) 
 in 5V2 brs., or from Blumenstein (p. 143) by the Wahlalp (new chalet, dear) 
 in 4 hrs.; descent, if preferred, by the Wahlalp to Bad Weissevbuvg, which 
 is reached by means of ladders. Splendid flora and grand view. 
 
 141/2 M. Weissenburg (2418'; *H6tel Weissenbourg, R. & A. 
 21/2 fr.), a group of neat houses. 
 
 In a steep defile, so narrow at places as almost to exclude the sun, about 
 IV4 M. to the N.W.. lies the favourite ^Weissenburg-Bad (2770'; a drive 
 of 20 min., for which 4 fr. are demanded). The mineral water, impreg- 
 nated with sulphate of lime (70°; at its source 81°), and beneficial for 
 bronchial affections, is used exclusively for drinking. The Neue Bady 
 situated in a sheltered basin, consists of two large houses (reading and 
 billiard rooms; post and telegraph office: board 8, R. 2'/2-5, D. 31/2, warm 
 bath IV2 fr.) ; the Alte Bad, buried in the ravine 1/2 M. higher up, is infe- 
 rior (pension 5-7 fr.). The baths, with the extensive pine-forests round 
 them, belong to Messrs. Hau$ev. 
 
 From Weissenburg to the Gurniget.bad (6 hrs.). Attractive path 
 through the Klus, passing the Movgetenhachfall., 2U0' high, and the Mor- 
 getenalp to the (3V2 hrs.) Biir glen- Battel (6434'); then down (passing Bad 
 Schwefelberg, IV4 M. to the left) to the Gantrist Pass (5217'), with a charm- 
 ing view, and over the Obere Guvnigel to the (IV4 hr.) Gvmigelbad (p. 143). 
 
 201/2 M.Boltigen (2726'; '^Hot. Imobersteg, Bar, both moderate), 
 a thriving village with handsome houses , is reached beyond the 
 Simmenegg, or Enge , a defile formed by two rocks between which 
 the road passes. Above the village rise the two peaks of the Mittag- 
 fluh (6198'). To the left peep the snow-fields to the E. of the Rawyl 
 (p. 190). The coal-mines in a side-valley near Reidenbach (2756'; 
 3/4 M. from Boltigen) account for the sign of the inn (a miner). 
 
 From Reidenbach to Bulle , 24 M. , a new road. A little above 
 Reidenbach it diverges to the right and ascends in numerous windings 
 (which footpaths cut otT) to the (6 M.) pass of the Bruchberg (4940*). It 
 then descends gradually (preferable to the bad footpath) to (3 M.) Jaun, 
 Fr. BeUegarde (3336'; H6t. de la Cascade, poor), a pretty village with a 
 waterfall 86' high. (Path to the Schwarzsee-Bad by Neuschels, 6 hrs., see 
 below.) [A cart-track to the S. ascends on the left bank of the Jaunbach
 
 192 111. Route 57. ZWEISIMMEN. 
 
 to (IV2 lir.) Abldntschen (4280' ^ Inn), at the foot of the bare rocky chain 
 of the Gastlose (6542'). Easy passes thence over the Grtilenberg (5413'), to 
 the S. of the Dent de Ruth (7674'), to (3 hrs.) Saanen, and over the ScMundi 
 to (2V2 hrs.) Beichenstein (see below).] We next traverse the beautiful 
 pastures of the Jaunthal or Bellegarde Valley^ which yield excellent 
 Grnyere cheese (see below), and the picturesque DifiU de la Tzintre to 
 (772* M.) Charmey, Ger. Galmis (2957'; H6t. du Sapin; 'Mareclml Fervant, 
 pens. 5 fr.), a well-to-do village and summer resort, charmingly situated 
 (diligence to Bulle twice daily in P/i hr.). Fine view from the church. The 
 road next passes Crisus^ Cfidtel., and the ruin of Montsalvens (rare flora), 
 crosses the Jaun, and bevond Broc (Pens, de la Orue), the Sarine, and 
 leads through wood to La 'Tour-de-Treme (p. 241) and (71/2 M.) Bulle (p. 240). 
 — From Cresus (see above) a pleasant route leads by Cerniat and the old 
 monastery of Valsainte, and over the Col de Chisalettes (4659') to the (81/2 hrs.) 
 Schwarzsee-Bad (p. 205). On the Kalte Sense, 4 hrs. to the N.E. of the 
 Schwarzsee, are the sequestered but well-kept 5ai:^s o/<Sc^we/eZ6e?v (4573'), 
 with springs impregnated with lime, whence a bridle-path crosses the 
 Ganlrist Pass (p. 191) to (21/2 hrs.) Bad Blumenstein (p. 143). 
 
 The road crosses the Simme at (2M.3 Garstatt and turns suddenly 
 round the Lauheggstalden rock, passing a fine waterfall. We recross 
 the stream and pass the ruined castle of Mannenberg to (3 M.) — 
 
 251/2 M. Zweisimmen (3215' : pop. 2210; ^Krone, R., L., «fe A. 
 33/4, B. 11/25 D. 3 fr.; ^Hot. Simmenthal; Bar), the chief village 
 in the valley, with an old church, situated In a hroad hasin on the 
 Kleine Simme. Pleasant Yiews from the churchyard , and from 
 Sehloss Blankenburg , now containing public offices and a prison, 
 1/2 hr. to the S.E. (p. 188). 
 
 The road ascends gradually for 5 M., crossing the Schliindibach 
 at (31/2 M.) Beichenstein. (To AblantscJien^^ee above.) In a pine-clad 
 valley on the left flows the Kleine Simme ; the road crosses four deep 
 lateral ravines and finally the Kleine Simme itself. At the top of the 
 hill (4227'; Inn) begin the Saanen-Moser, a broad Alpine valley, 
 sprinkled with chalets and cottages. A striking view is gradually 
 disclosed of the frowning Riiblihorn (7570'), the barometer of the 
 surrounding country (comp. p. 94), the serrated Gumfluh (8068'), 
 the snow-fields of the Sanetsch beyond it, and lastly the huge 
 Gelten Glacier (p. 238) to the left. Lower down we obtain a fine 
 survey of the Turbach, Lauenen, and Gsteig valleys (p. 238). 
 
 341/2 M. Saanen, Fr. Gessenay (3382'; pop. 3733; Grand 
 Logis, or Gross-Landhaus ; Ours., unpretending), is the capital of the 
 upper valley of the Saane (Sarine). The inhabitants rear cattle and 
 manufacture the famous Gruyere and Vacherin cheese. 
 
 To Gsteig., and over the Col de Pillon to Aigle, see p. 238; over the 
 Sanetsch to Sion, see p. 239. 
 
 From Saanen to Chateau d'Oex (p. 242) 7 M. ; diligence twice daily 
 in l'/3 hr., by Rongemont, or Rothenhevg (-Pens. Cottier, prettily situated, 
 reasonable), the frontier between cantons Bern and Vaud , where the 
 language changes from German to French, and Flendrvz.
 
 IV. WESTERN SWITZERLAND. LAKE OF GENEVA. 
 LOWER VALLEY OF THE RHONE. 
 
 58. From Bern to Neuchatel 194 
 
 Twannberg; Isle of St. Peter; Ciiasseral, 194. — Chau- 
 mont, 19i3. 
 
 59. From Neuchatel to Chaux-de-Fonds and Locle . , . 197 
 
 Tcte de Rang; Col des Loges , 197. — Cotes du Uoubs. 
 From Chaux-de-Fonds to Bienne through the Val St. Imier, 
 198. — From Locle to Brenets; Saut du Doubs, 199. 
 
 60. From Neuchatel to Pontarlier through theValde Travels 199 
 
 Creux du Van. Ravine of the Raisse, 200. 
 
 Gl. From Neuchatel to Lausanne 201 
 
 Gorges de TAeuse, 201. — Chasseron, 2U2. 
 
 62. From Bern to Lausanne ( Vevey) 203 
 
 From Flamatt to Laupen , 2Uy. — From Freiburg to 
 Payerne and Yverdon. Schwarzseebad; Berra , 205. — 
 From Romont to Bulle, 206. — Signal de Chexbres ; from 
 Chexbres to Vevey, 20(3. 
 
 63. From Lausanne to Payerne and Lyss 206 
 
 From Morat to Keuchatel. From Aarberg to Bern, 20S. 
 
 64. From Lausanne to Vallorbes and Pontarlier .... 208 
 
 Lac de Joux; Dent de Vaulion. From Le Pont to Le 
 Brass us, 209. 
 
 65. Geneva and Environs 209 
 
 Ferney ; Bois de laBatie; Saleve; Voirons, etc., 219-221. 
 
 66. From Geneva to Martigny via Lausanne and Villeneuve. 
 Lake of Geneva (North Bank) 221 
 
 Divonne 5 the Dole, 223. — Signal de Bougy, 224. — Gimel ; 
 Col de Marchairuz, 225. — From Lausanne to Echal- 
 lens, 227. — Hauteville and Blonay; the Pleiades, 229. 
 — Excursions from. Montreux : Glion ; Rochers deNaye; 
 Gorge du Chaudron; Les Avants, etc., 231, 232, — From 
 Aigle to Villars; Chamossaire 5 Ccjrbeyrier , 235. — 
 From Bex to Les Plans , 23S. — Baths of Lavey ; 
 Morcles, 237. — Pissevache; Gorge du Trient, 237. — 
 Arpille ; Pierre-a-Voir, 238. 
 
 67. From Saanen to Aigle over the Col de Pillon .... 238 
 
 The Lauenenthal, 238. — From Gsteig to Sion over the 
 Sanetsch, 239. — Excursions fromOrmunt Dessus; Creux- 
 de-Champ, Palette, Oldenhorn , Diableret, etc., 230. — 
 From Ormont Dessus to Villars or Gryon over the Pas 
 de la Croix, 240. — Pic de Chaussy; Leysin, 240. 
 
 68. From Bulle to Chateau d'Oex and Aigle 240 
 
 Ascent of the Moleson from Bulle or Albeuve, 241. — 
 From Montbuvon over the Jaman to Montreux, 242. 
 
 69. From Bex to Sion. Pas de Cheville 243 
 
 70. From Geneva to St. Maurice via Bouveret. Lake of 
 Geneva (South Bank). Val d'Uliez 244 
 
 From Thonon to Samoens. Valley of the Drance, 245. — 
 The Blanchard. From St. Gingolph to Vouvry. Gram- 
 mont. Cornettes de Bise, 246. — Excursions from Cham- 
 pery: Culet; Dent du Midi ; Tour Salliferes; Dents Blan- 
 ches. FromChamp^ry to Samoens, Sixt, orVernayaz(Col9 
 de Coux, de la Golese", de Sagerou, de Clusanfe), 247, 248. 
 
 Baedekek, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 13
 
 194 
 
 58. From Bern to Neuchatel. 
 
 41 M. Railway in 13/4-23/4 hrs. (fares 6 fr. 90, 5 fr., 3 fr. 65 c). 
 
 Bern see p. 134 ; from Bern to (21 M.) Bienne see p. 12. 
 (Miinsterthal Railway to Bale see R. 2 ; by St. Imier to Chaux-de- 
 Fonds see p. 198.) Near the beautiful avenues to the S.W. of 
 Bienne, the train reaches the Lake of Bienne (1425'; 91/2 M. long, 
 21/2 JM. broad). As the train skirts the W. bank, we obtain a very 
 pleasing view of the lake, enhanced in clear weather by the magni- 
 ficent chain of the Bernese Alps. — Beyond (271/2 M.) Douanne, 
 Ger. Twann (*Bar), we pass a fall of the Twannbach. 
 
 Interesting excursion tlirougli the picturesque gorge of the Twannbach 
 to the (iV2 hr.) Kurhaus Twannberg (2867'; well spoken of), with fine 
 view of the lakes of Bienne and Morat and the whole chain of the High 
 Alps. Pleasant walk from Twannberg to (IV2 hr.) Macolin (p. 12). 
 
 29 M. Gleresse, Ger. Ligerz. 
 
 To the left, in the lake, lies the Isle of St. Peter ('-Ktirhaus), clothed 
 with beautiful old oaks, vineyards, and fruit-trees, where Rousseau spent 
 two months in 1765. (The so-called -Schafinerhaus', in which his room is 
 shown, is now a good inn.) Boat from Twann or from Ligerz, there and 
 back, 4, from N^euveville 6 fr. A steamboat also plies from Neuveville 
 to Cerlier and the Isle of St. Peter. — The lake having been lowered by 
 the construction of an artificial channel for the lower Zihl, the island of 
 St. Peter is now connected on the S. side with the smaller Kaninchen- 
 Insel, and with the mainland near Cerlier (see below). 
 
 301/2 M. Neuveville, Ger. Neuenstadt (*Faucon; Trois Poissons), 
 a pleasant little town (2368 inh.) , the last in Canton Bern, is 
 the first place where French is spoken. The Museum, near the 
 station (adm. 50c.), and the house of Dr. Gross contain interesting 
 antiquities from the lake-dwellings and the Burgundian wars. In 
 the latter also is Beck's collection of nephritoides. On the Schloss- 
 herg (1752'), 20 min. from the station, stands a ruined castle of the 
 Bishops of Bale (fine view from the top and on the way up), near 
 which the Beon forms a waterfall (often dry in summer). 
 
 To the N. of Neuveville rises the 'Chasseral, or Gestler (5280'), in 
 three terraces, studded on the S. side with numerous villages amid green 
 meadows. Road from Neuveville via i/^wierei (2654'; *Hotel-Pension, 5fr.) 
 to the (4 hrs.) top {Chalet-Hdlel dn Cnasseral , with 20 beds, fair). The 
 view from the (10 min.) signal, grander than from the Weissenstein (p. 15), 
 embraces W. Switzerland, the Black Forest, the Jura, and the Alps. — The 
 ascent may be made from Macolin (p. 12) in 31/2 hrs. ; from St. Imier (best 
 route) in 2V2-3 hrs. (see p. 198). 
 
 The old town of Cerlier, or Erlach (Ours), lies opposite Neuveville, at 
 the N. foot of the wooded Jolimont (1980'; 3/4 hr.), a charming point of 
 view {Kurhavs, with pretty grounds and view-tower). The 'Teufelsbiirde' 
 is a group of large erratic blocks on the summit. — Near Cerlier on the 
 E. bank of the lake, at Liischerz^ and at Morigen, farther N., numerous 
 remains of ancient lake-dwellings have been discovered. 
 
 Near (33 M.) Landeron we quit the Lake of Bienne; the little 
 town lies on the left; farther E. rises the Jolimont (see above). 
 341/2 M. Cressier, with its church on a lofty rock; 351/2 M. Cornaux. 
 Beyond a tunnel the train reaches (38 M.) St. Blaise, skirts the 
 slope of the mountain, and beyond another tunnel affords a survey 
 of the Lake of Neuch&tel (1427'), which it soon reaches. The
 
 NEUCHATEL. IV. Route 58. 195 
 
 lake, the Roman Lacus Eburodunensis , the level of which has 
 lately been lowered 6' by the enlargement of its outlet, is 25 M. 
 long and 4-6 M. broad (greatest depth 500'J. Near the N.E. end 
 the Thiele or ZihL emerges from the lake. The smiling, vine- 
 clad W. bank , above which rise the abrupt Jura Mts., affords an 
 extensive view, from the Bernese Alps to Mont Blanc. 
 
 41 M. NeucMtel. — Railway Station (PI. E, 1) nn the hillside above 
 the town, 1 M. from the lake. Persons bound for the museum or other 
 points in the N. part of the town may descend the path and steps to the 
 left, but the main road leads to the hotels on the lake (Cable Railway 
 opened in 1893), — Steamboat on the Lake of Neuchatel, see pp. 201, 208. 
 
 Hotels. 'Gk.-Hot. Bellevde (PI. a; C, 4), in an open situation on the 
 lake, R., L., & A. 4-5, D. 4-5, omnibus 1 fr. ; — *Grand-H6t. du Lac (PI. b ; 
 C, 3), near the lake, R., L., & A. from 31/2, D. 31/2, omnibus 3/4 fr.-, *Faucon 
 (PI. c; B, 3), R. 2-3, D. 2V2 fr. 5 *H6t. du Soleil (PI. d; B, 3, 4), com- 
 mercial, R. 2, D. 2V2fr.; Hot. des Alpes (PI. e; E, 1), at the station, 
 mediocre; Hot. dc roRT (PI. f; C, 3). — Pens. Bokel (Villa Surville), 
 well situated above the town, board 4-5 fr. ; Pension Knory, with fine 
 view, pens. & R. 5 fr. 
 
 Cafes. Beer at the Brasserie Strauss, next the Hotel du Lac ; Bras- 
 serie Gambrimis, on the harbour, etc. Cercle du Mvs4e., in the Palais Du- 
 peyrou (p. 191}; a club to which strangers are admitted). Several other 
 cafes at the harbour. — Eail. Restaurant, D. 21/2 fr. 
 
 NeuchdteL (1433'; lb, 504 inh.), Ger. Neuenburg, the capital of 
 the canton of that name (formerly a principality of the Orange 
 family, under Prussian sway from 1707 to 1815, when it joined the 
 Confederation, and finally given up by Prussia in 1857), is charm- 
 ingly situated on the Lake of Neuchatel, at the base and on the 
 slopes of the Jura. The modern part of the town, with its handsome 
 houses, grounds, and *Quay a mile long, lies on the lake, occupying 
 a strip of land partly formed by the deposits brought down by the 
 &eyon from the Chasseral. It commands a fine view of the Alps 
 from Pilatus to Mont Blanc. In 1839, in order to gain building 
 room, the Seyon was carried into the lake above the town by means 
 of the Tunnel de la Trouee du Seyon, 176 yds. long. 
 
 The Chateau (PL B, 3), on the hill above the town, the oldest 
 part of which, dating from the Burgundian period, was restored in 
 1866, is now the seat of the cantonal government. Near it is the 
 *Temple du B.AVT(^Colleyiale; PL A, 3; key at 6 Rue du Chateau), 
 an abbey-church of the r2th century. The choir contains a handsome 
 Gothic monument with 15 life-size ligures, erected in 1372 by Count 
 Louis of Neuchatel, and restored in 1840. There are also memorial- 
 stones to the Prussian governor General v. Zastrow (d. 1836), and 
 the reformer Farel (d. 1565), — The Place in front of the church is 
 adorned with a Statue of Farel, erected in 1875. The terrace on 
 the N.E. side of the church affords a fine survey of the lake and 
 the Bernese Alps. The cloisters on the W. side, rebuilt after a fire 
 in 1450, were restored in 1860-70. 
 
 The College (PL C, 4), on the lake, contains a valuable natural 
 history collection, founded by Agassiz (p. 177) and Coulon, a public 
 library (100,000 vols), antiquities from lake-dwellings, etc. (open 
 
 13*
 
 196 IV. Route 5S, NEUCHATEL. 
 
 Sun. and Thurs. 2-4). A little to the S. rises a bronze statue of David 
 de Purry(d. 1786), a native of Neuchatel, who bequeathed 41/2 mill- 
 ion francs to the town. The Halles (PI. B, 4), a picturesque Renais- 
 sance edifice of 1590, stand in the neighbouring Placedes Halles. 
 
 On the lake, farther to the N., beyond the College Municipal, is 
 the new *Musee des Beaux-Arts [PI. D, 3), a handsome Renais- 
 sance building, containing an interesting Collection of Antiquities 
 on the ground-floor, and the municipal Picture Gallery, a collection 
 chiefly of modern Swiss works, on the first floor (adm. to each col- 
 lection 50 c, free on Sun. 1-4 and Thurs. 10-12). 
 
 The room to the right of the entrance contains portraits of Prussian 
 Ivings from Frederick 1. to Frederick William IV., and numerous other 
 reminiscences of the period of the Prussian rule. — On the landing of the 
 staircase is a bronze bust of M. de Meuron,, the founder of the museum. 
 — ='PiCTUEE Galleey. Room I. (righi) Dubois, Autumn evening, Summer 
 morning 5 P. Robert, Evening air; Jacquand. Arrest of Rousseau in 1762; 
 'Al. Calame. Monte Rosa; E. de Pury^ Venetian fishermen; Berthoud, the 
 Jungfrau; Jeanmaire, Street at Sion; E. Tschaggeny, Draught-horses; Eaguez, 
 Heath landscape; Berthoud^ The hunter's death. — Room II. Engravings 
 and drawings. — Room III. (left) M, de Meuron, Bridge of Corehiano; 
 Isahey, Sea-piece; E. de Fury, Lucifer; Robert-Fleury^ Massacre of St. Bar- 
 tholomew; A. de Meuron, Girl reposing ; Jeanneret, Chrysanthemums; L. Ro- 
 bert, Italian street-scene; K. Girardet, Cromwell reproached by his daughter 
 Mrs. Claypole for the condemnation of Charles I. — Room IV. Small land- 
 scapes, cattle-pieces, etc. — Room V. Sketches by Leopold Robert, and copies 
 of all his works by his brother Aurtle. — Room VI. (left) Guillarmod, 
 Watering horses; Jeanneret, The old toper; A. de Meuron^ Betten-Alp; 
 Coleman, Campagna di Roma; Imer , Evening on the lake-shore, Ruins of 
 Crozant; E. de PourtaUs, Valley of Meiringen; K. Girardet^ Old Franciscan 
 monastery at Alexandria; Guillarmod, Freight-waggon; Berthoud. the Jung- 
 frau; Bocion, Canal Grande; A. de Meuron, Pasture near Iseltwald; Bocion^ 
 on the Riviera ; Schuler^ Floating timber ; Berthoud, Chrysanthemum- ; Anker, 
 Retreat of the French army under Buurbaki in Feb. 1871. — Room VII. 
 (left) E. Girardet^ The father's blessing; Calame, Wetterhorn; K. Girardet, 
 Huguenots surprised by Rom. Cath. soldiers; Aur. Robert, Church-interior; 
 Leopold Robert, Brigants pursued by soldiers, ''Fishermen of the Adriatic, 
 ^Basilica of S. Paolo Fuori le Mura near Rome after the fire of 1823, Im- 
 provisatore (unfinished); Greuze, Girl's head; M. de Meuron, the Eiger, 
 Waterfall of Tivoli ; E. Girardet, El Kantara (Algiers). — Room VHI. (left) 
 Gaud, Harvest fire; E. Girardet, Brienz; Anker. Sunday afternoon; A. de 
 Meuron, Bernina Pass; Rose d'' Osterwald, St. Gingolph on the Lake of Ge- 
 neva; Landscapes by M. de Meuron; E. Girardet, Maternal love, The little 
 delinquent, etc.; £. van Muyden, The darling; Gleyre, Hercules and Om- 
 phale. — Room IX, (left) Jeanneret, Polisher; Bachelin, Soldiers' canteen 
 on the Lake of Thun; Ch. Tschaggeny , Flemish bridal procession of the 
 17th cent.; Grosclaude, Desdemona; '-Jeanmaire, Fir-tree and cattle; Schulei', 
 Sledge in the snow; E. Girardet, Gone aatray ; Bachelin, Entry of the French 
 army into Switzerland in 1871; Imer, Pond in the Provence; E. Burnand, 
 The village engine; Anker. Pilgrimage to Gleyresse; E. de Pury, The fenc- 
 ing-master; Tschaggeny. Mother and child pursaed by a bull; A. von Bon- 
 sietten, the Jungfrau. 
 
 Next the museum is an interesting ^Sepulcre PreJastorique' , 
 discovered at Auvernier in 1876. A little to the N. is the new Acad- 
 emy (PI. E, F, 2). — Near the museum, ^W^i. from the lake is the 
 Palais Rougemont or Dupeyrou (PI. D, 2), with a pleasant garden. 
 On the ground-floor is the Cercle du Musee (p. 195). At the back is 
 the Musee Challande, a collection of stuffed Alpine animals (1 fr.).
 
 LES HAUTS-GEOT.VEYS. IV. Route 59. 197 
 
 The Observatory , erected for the benefit of the watch-manu- 
 facturers, is in telegraphic communication with Chaux-de-Fonds and 
 Locle (p. 198J. The adjoining Mail, a grass-plot planted with 
 trees, commands a charming view of the lake and the Alps. 
 
 Neuchatel is noted for its charitable institutions, such as the 
 Municipal Hospital, founded by David de Piirry (p. 196), the 
 Pourtales Hospital , near the Bern gate , and the Prefargier Lunatic 
 Asylum, 3 M. from Neuchatel, erected by M. de Meuron in 1844, 
 
 The *Chaumont (3845'; "Ildtel de Chaumont, a large house near the top, 
 3700', pens. 6-9 fr. : Hdtel du Chateau, lower down, 3 min. to the S.E. ; 
 Eng. Church Service in summer), a spur of the Jura, rising to the N., is 
 the finest point of view near Xeuchatel. The road to it diverges from the 
 Chaux-de-Fonds road, I'A M. from Neuchatel, and leads to the top in IV2 hr. 
 (diligence twice a day in summer in S'/ohra., 2 fr.. down in 1 hr.. IV2 fr.; 
 carr. with one horse 10, with two horses 20 fr,). Near the hotels at the top 
 are a chapel and a schi^olhouse. The view from the Signal, 15 min. above 
 the hotels (indicator of the Swiss Alpine Club at the top by Imfeld) embraces 
 the lakes of Neuchatel and Morat, and the Alpine chain from the Sentis to 
 Mont Blanc in the background. The afternoon light is best, but a perfectly 
 clear horizon is rare. A charming view of the Val de Ruz and the Jura, 
 to the W., is obtained from the (I/4 hr.) Pri Louiset. — An attractive route, 
 following the mountain-ridge the whole way, via La Dame and Chuff ort 
 (guide advisable), leads in 4 hrs. from the Chaumont to the Chasseral (p. 
 194). — Nearer the town there are pleasant wood-walks : to the Roche de 
 VErmitaqe, Pierre h Bot. Gorges du Seyon, Chanilaz (p. 201), etc. — '^Gorges 
 de VAreuse, see p. 201; -Tete de Rang, see below. — Numerous Celtic 
 remains have been found at La Tene, near Marin (Pens. Nussld, moderate), 
 not far from St. Blaise (p. 194). 
 
 59. From Neuchatel to Chaux-de-Fonds and Locle. 
 
 RAiLw.vr from Neuchatel via Chaux-de-Fonds to (28V2 M.) Locle in 
 21/4 hrs. (lares 5 fr. 25, 3 fr. 80, 2 fr. 80 c). This route, as far as Les 
 Hauts-Geneveys, is very attractive; views to the left. 
 
 Neuchatel, p. 195. The train skirts the slopes behind the town 
 and the castle, at first running parallel to the Lausanne line, crosses 
 the Seyon, and beyond a tunnel of 748 yds. affords a superb *View 
 of the lake and the Bernese Alps (to the S., the Mont Blanc). 3 M. 
 Corcelles ( iSSO''). The train ascends through wood; two short tunnels. 
 
 7M. Chambrelien (^300'), beautifully situated almost perpendic- 
 ularly above the valley of the Reuse (p. 199). Fine view near the 
 Buffet. The train backs out from the station towards the N.E. and 
 skirts a wooded chain of hills. To the right is the fertile Faf de Ruz, 
 with its numerous villages , above which rises the Chaumont (see 
 above). 
 
 IQi/o M. Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane [ISIO' ; Hot.-Brasserie du 
 Jura); then (I2V2M.) Les Hauts-Geneveys (3135'; Buffet; Hot. du 
 Jura; H6t. du Nord), the highest point of view on the line, where 
 Mont Blanc becomes very conspicuous. 
 
 The *Tete de Rang (466S'; /«m), ascended in IV4 hr. from Hauts- 
 Geneveys (by a lane to the left, 10 n\in. beyond the village), commands 
 :i magnificent and extensive view of the Jura westwards to the plateau of 
 Langres, of the Vosges, and of the Alps from the Sentis to Mont Blanc 
 and the mountains of Geneva. — A path leads hence along the hill to
 
 108 IV. Route 59. LE LOCLE. 
 
 the -Col des Loges (4220'-, -Hotel a la Vue des Alpes), on the road from 
 Ncuchatel to Chaux-de-Fonds. View similar, hut less extensive. Descent 
 either to (IVu M.) Hauts-Geneveys or to (3 M.) Chaux-de-Fonds. 
 
 The train passes througli a tunnel, 2 M. long (9min.), under the 
 Col des Loges to (16 M.) Les Convers, a solitary station in a rock- 
 girt valley, formerly the junction for St. Imier (p. 198). Beyond a 
 tunnel, 3/4 M. long (3 min.), under Mont Sagne, and a shorter one, 
 we reach — 
 
 I8V2M. LaCliaiLX-de-Fonds(3255'; 25,835 inh.; *FleurdeLys, 
 R. & A. 3, B. 11/4 fr. ; *Lion d'Or ; Balance'), an important watch- 
 making town, lying in a remote Alpine valley, nearly as high as the 
 top of Snowdon, with handsome streets and public buildings. If time 
 permit, the traveller may visit the Church with its skilfully vaulted 
 roof, and the College, containing the municipal picture-gallery (good 
 pictures by Swiss masters), the library, etc. The town, which for- 
 merly suffered from scarcity of water, is now provided with an ex- 
 cellent supply from the valley of the Reuse (near Champ du Moulin, 
 p. 200), by means of an Aqueduct, 13 M. long, built in 1886-7 by 
 W. Ritter and Hans Mathys. 
 
 From Chaux-de-Fonds to the picturesque *Cdtes du Doubs, a pleasant 
 excursion. The road leads past the 'Restaurant Bel-Air to a Restaurant and 
 Hotel . near the Combe de la Greffiire (view of the Doubs below) , then 
 descends through wood (short-cuts for walkers') towards the Doubs at 
 (51/4 M.) the charmingly-situated Maison Monsieur, and skirts its bank 
 past the * Pavilion des S'onneurs (Restaurant) to (2V4 M.) the prettily situated 
 Biaufond. Then by boat to (i hr.) Le Refrain, and on foot through grand 
 and wild scenery to the (2V4 ^I-) picturesque Moulin de la Mort (refreshm.). 
 Opposite are the curious EcheUes de la Mort, used by the inhabitants. Here, 
 and for several leagues farther N., the Doubs, whose lower course is 
 also attractive, forms the boundary between France and Switzerland. 
 Visitors may take a boat to (50 min.) the Verrieres du Bief d'^Etoz, then below 
 the Fall of the Doubs continue either by boat or on foot along the French 
 bank past (right) La Goule to (^ 4 hr.) Bief d'Fioz. Thence we proceed on 
 the Swiss bank to the (^ 4 hr.) mill of Theusseret, ascend to the right to 
 Belfond, and again descend to (1 hr.) Goumois ("Couronne, good trout), a 
 village charmingly situated on both banks of the river. A picturesque 
 road ascends hence to the E. in wide curves to (3 M.) SeigneUyier (Cheval 
 Blanc), whence a diligence runs several times daily to Tavannes and Glo- 
 velier (p. 10). 
 
 A pleasant road leads to the W. of La Chaux-de-Fonds to (IV4 hr.) Les 
 Planchettes (Restaurant) and the (IV2 hr.) Saut du Doubs (p. 199). 
 
 From Chaux-de-Fonds to Bienne, 28 M., railway in 11,2-2 hrs. (fares 
 4 fr. 50, 3 fr. 15, 2 fr. 25 c.). The line passes the station of (2V2 M.) Halte 
 du Creux, and enters the industrious Val St. Imier., watered by the Suze 
 or Schiiss. 51/2 M. Renan; 8 M. Sonvilier, with the picturesque ruins of 
 the castle of Erguel on a pine-clad rock. 10 M. St. Imier (2670'; 7114 inh. ; 
 H6t. de la Ville; H6t. des Treize- Cantons; Couronne), the capital of the 
 vallev, with considerable watch-manufactories. (Ascent of the Chasseral, 
 p. 194, by a bridle-path, 21/2-3 hrs.) — liM. Villeret; 131/2 M. Cormoret; 
 151/2 M. Courtelary; 17 M. Cortebert; I81/2 M. Corgimont. — 20 M. Sonceboz, 
 and thence to (28 M.) Bienne, see p. 11. 
 
 The railway bends suddenly to the S.W. — 21 M. Eplatures. 
 
 231/2 M. Le Locle (3020'; 11,312 inh.; *H6t. des TroisRois; 
 Hot. du Jura; Hot. National), famed for its watches and jewellery. 
 (Chronometers at Ulysse Nardin's.) In front of the Watchmakers'
 
 AUVP]RNIER. IV. Route GO. 199 
 
 School a bronze statue was erected in 1888 to D. J. Richard (d. 1741), 
 founder of the watch-making industry in Le Locle and La Chaux- 
 de-Fonds. The top of the Sommartel (4350'), 1 hr. to the S., affords 
 a wide view of a great part of the Jura. 
 
 From Locle to Moutead (Besancon), 8 M., railway in 35 min. via 
 Col des Roches (where an interestinc; road diverges to the right to les Bre- 
 nets, 2 M., see below) and Villers-le-Lac, 1 M. to the S.W, of the Lac des 
 Brenets (see below). From Morteau to Besangon 40 31, (see Baedeker""! 
 Northern France). 
 
 From Locle to Brenets, 21/2 M., railway in '/^ It. This narrow- 
 gauge line ascends to the right, passing through a tunnel, to the station 
 of Les Fretes, whence it proceeds through wooded valleys and meadows. 
 Farther on, the train skirts the deep gorge of the Bied (beyond which 
 runs the line to Morteau, see above) and passes through two tunnels into 
 the valley of (he Doubs to the large watchmaking village of Les Brenett 
 ("Couronne ; 'Lion d'Or). From the station, we descend through the vill- 
 age to the (15, ascent 20 min.) Pri du Lac , on the *Lac des Brenets , a 
 lake 3 M. in length, which the Doubs forms above the waterfall. A boat 
 (3 fr. there and back, more than 3 pers. 1 fr. each), or the small steam- 
 boat which plies on Sundays (for large parties also on week-days) now 
 conveys us down the dark-green lake, gradually narrowing between precipi- 
 tous wooded sandstone rocks, and presenting a series of picturesque 
 scenes. In 30 min. we reach the *Saut du Doubs (Hdi. du Saut du Dovbs., 
 with garden, on the Swiss side; ffSt. de la Chute, on the French side, 
 both unpretending). Visitors should first order their meal on the Swiss 
 side, and then cross to the French side. In about 6 min. from the French 
 inn we obtain a fine view from a point high above the picturesque water- 
 fall, which is 80' in height. A new road through beautiful woods, affording 
 charming glimpses of the basin of the Doubs, leads back to (3 M.) Les Brenett. 
 
 60. From Neuchatel to Pontarlier through the Val 
 de Travers. 
 
 331/2 M. Railway in 13/4-23/4 hrs. ; fares 6 fr. 75, 4 fr., 2 fr. 80 c. (From 
 Pontarlier to Paris by Dijon , express in IOV2 hrs.; from Bern to Paris 
 141/4 hrs.) This Jura Railway (comp. p. 197) also traverses a most pictur- 
 esque country. The most striking points are between Xeuchatel and Noir- 
 aigue, between Boveresse and the last tunnel above St. Sulpice, and be- 
 tween St. Pierre de la Cluse and Pontarlier. Finest views to the left. 
 
 Neuchatel, see p. 195. The line, running parallel with that to 
 Yverdon (p. 201) as far as Auvernier, crosses the Seyon. Beyond a 
 short tunnel under the Val de Travers road we enjoy a beautiful 
 *View of the lake and the Alps (comp. p. 197). The train skirts 
 lofty vine-clad slopes, and crosses the Gorge of Serrieres by a bold 
 viaduct. In the valley is Suchard's large chocolate factory, and 
 above it rises the small chateau of Beauregard. 
 
 4 M. Auvernier; the little town lies below, to the left (1480'; 
 Hotel du Lac, moderate). The train diverges to the right from the 
 Yverdon line (p. 201), and as it ascends we enjoy an admirable 
 view of the lake and the Alps. On entering the rocky and wooded 
 ravine of the Reuse or Areuse we observe the lofty viaduct of the 
 Lausanne line (p. 202) far below us to the left. The last glimpse 
 of the lake down this romantic valley is particularly picturesque. We 
 soon enter a tunnel, high on the N. slope of the valley, almost under
 
 200 IV. Route 60. FLEURIER. 
 
 the station of Chambrelien (p. 197). Seven more tunnels , before 
 the fifth of which is the station of Champ du Moulin (2020' ; Hot. 
 des Gorges, trout) in a picturesque situation (hence to the Gorges 
 de VAreuse, see p. 201). 
 
 Artificial conduits supply Xeuchatel and Chaux-de-Fonds (p. 198) with 
 spring water from this point ; the engine-house (2067'), 1/4 hr. up the Reuse 
 to the left, is interesting. The neighbouring house of lieutenant-colonel 
 Perrier was, according to the inscription, once occupied for some time 
 by J. J. Rousseau. A new footpath, behind the water-wheels, leads along 
 the left bank of the Reuse to the {V2 hr.) interesting Saut de Brot. 
 
 12 M. Noiraigue (2360'; *Croix Blanche), at the N. base of the 
 Creux du Van. The valley, called the Val de Travers from this 
 point to St. Sulpice , suddenly changes its character here , and the 
 Reuse now flows calmly through a grassy dale. 
 
 From Noiraigue a steep path ascends the Creux du Van (4807') in 
 2 hrs., a better route than from Boudry (p. 201) or St. Auhin (p. 202), as the 
 striking view, extending from Pilatus to Mont Blanc, is suddenly revealed. 
 At the top is a basin. 500' deep, shaped like a horse-shoe, and nearly 3 31. 
 in circumference. Within this is an excellent spring, to which the descent 
 is steep and fatiguing but without danger. When the weather is about to 
 change, this 'hollow of the wind' is filled with surging white vapour, 
 which rises and falls like the steam in a boiling cauldron, but does not 
 quit the basin. The phenomenon seldom lasts above an hour. A gun-shot 
 produces a rattling echo , resembling a volley of musketry. Rare plants 
 and minerals are found here. Simple refreshments may be obtained at 
 the Fervie Robert., at the top. 
 
 From (141/2 M.) Travers (2392'; Ours) a branch-line runs in 
 the bottom of the valley via Couvet, Motiers, and Fleiirier, to Buttes 
 and St. Sulpice (see below). Farther on are asphalt-mines on the 
 opposite side of the valley. — 17 M. Convet(2418'; *Ecu de France), 
 a pretty town. Here, and at Motiers and Fleurier, excellent absinth 
 is manufactured. 
 
 The line again ascends the N. slope of the vaUey. Opposite, far 
 below, lies M6tiers(-Travers] 2415'; Maison de Vnie) , where, by 
 permission of the Prussian governor Lord Keith, Rousseau lived 
 in 1752 after his expulsion from Yverdon by the government of Bern, 
 and wrote his 'Lettres ecrites de la Montague'. 
 
 The *Ravine of the Raisse (affluent of the Reuse), with its pictiiresque 
 rocks and waterfalls, deserves a visit. About V2M. from Motiers we pass 
 a bridge and follow the brook to the right, ascending a pretty wooded gorge. 
 In 1 hr. we reach a new path, leading to the top (35 min.). From this 
 point , with the aid of a guide or a good map , we may ascend the 
 Chasseron (p. 202). — Behind Motiers is the Grotte de Motiers, a limestone 
 cavern, one arm of which is 31/2 M. long. It may be safely explored for 
 about VjM- (rough walking; swarms of bats). At the entrance is a waterfall. 
 
 19 M. Boveresse, above the village of the name. In the valley, far- 
 ther on, is Flenrier (2455'; *Poste; Couronne), with extensive watch 
 and absinth-factories. Hence to the top of the Chasseron in 2V2 hrs., 
 see p. 202. Beyond a long tunnel, we observe St. Sulpice (2557') 
 below us, on the left, with a large Portland cement factory. Scenery 
 again very picturesque. Two bridges and two tunnels. In the val- 
 ley, IV2M. to the W. of Fleurier, the Reuse, which probably flows 
 underground from the Lac des TaiUtres. rises in the form of a con-
 
 BOUDRY. IV. Route 61. 201 
 
 siderable stream, soon capable of working a number of mills. Road 
 and railway pass through the defile of La Chaine. 
 
 The line attains its highest point, and then enters a monotonous 
 green valley with beds of peat. At (25 M.) Verrieres Suisse (3060'; 
 '"^Balance), the last Swiss village, the French 'Army of the East' 
 under Bourbaki crossed the frontier in Feb. 1871. The train enters 
 France before reaching (26 M.") Verrieres - France (3015'). Near 
 St. Pierre de la Ciuse the scenery again becomes interesting. The 
 defile of ia Ciuse, which railway and road both traverse, is fortified; 
 on the left rises the ancient Fort de Jouz, which was blown up 
 with dynamite in 1877 , overtopped by a new fort on a bold rock 
 to the right. Mirabeau was imprisoned here in 1775 at the instance 
 of his father ; and in 1803 Toussaint Louverture, the negro chieftain 
 of St. Domingo, died in the fort, where he had been confined by 
 Napoleon. 
 
 We cross the Doubs, which drains the Lac de St. Point, 31/2 M. 
 to the S.W., and follow its left bank to Pontarlier. Pretty scenery. 
 
 331/2 M. PontarUer (2854'; 4675 inhab.; Hotel de la Poste, 
 Grande Rue, R. 2 fr. ; Hot. de Paris; Hotel National; *Rail. Restaur., 
 D.incl. wine3-4fr.), a small town on ilieDoubs. Luggage examined 
 here. Opposite the station are the College and the Telegraph Office. 
 
 From Puntarlier to Cossonay and Vallorbes, see E.. 64. 
 
 61. From Neuchatel to Lausanne. 
 
 46V2 M. Railway in 2-2V'j lirs.; fares 7 fr. 80, 5fr. 50, 3fr. 90 c. (to Geneva 
 in 23/4-5 hrs.; fares 12 fr. 70, 8fr. 90, 6fr. 35c.). — Steamboat on the Xa*e 
 of Neurhatel between Neuchatel and Moral (p. 208), and between Neuchatel 
 and Estavayer onlv (twice daily in IV2 hr. , corresponding with the train 
 to Freiburg, p. 2C6). 
 
 Neuchatel, see p. 195. Route to (4M.) ilwrernier, see p. 199. 
 The Lausanne train , diverging from the Pontarlier line, quits the 
 lake, to which it returns beyond Bevaix (p. 202). 5M. Colombier 
 (Hotel da Jardin; Cheval Blanc), with an old chateau converted into 
 a barrack, and beautiful avenues, yields excellent white wine. (On 
 the lake, I72 M- to the E., is the Chanelaz Hydropathic, with pleas- 
 ure-grounds and c'harming views; pens. 6-8 fr.) — 6 M. Boudry 
 (1693'); the little town (1542'; Maison de Ville), the birthplace of 
 Marat, lies below the line, on the right bank of the Areuse, 1 M. from 
 the station. 
 
 The *Gorge3 de TAreuse are interesting. Leaving stat. Boudry, we cross 
 the line (passing the viaduct on the left) and pass through the village of Trois- 
 rodt. Before the last house we turn to the left, between walls, and descend 
 in 20 min. to the entrance to the ravine. A path, hewn in the rock at 
 places, affords striking views of the narrow, wooded gorge, above which 
 the rocks ond trees frequently meet. In 5 min. we come to a path to the 
 left, leading to the Chalet aux Clees (donation for the use of the path 
 expected). In 20 min. more we observe the Grotte aux Fours, above us, 
 ou the right, with a large entrance (easily accessible). Farther on, the Pon- 
 tarlier railway runs high above the gorge, on the right, and still higher is 
 the carriage-road. We next reach (55 min.; 1 hr. 40 min. from Boudry 
 station) the C/iamp, du Moulin, picturesquely situated (station for several
 
 202 IV. Route 61. YVERDON. 
 
 trains, p. 200). — Perhaps a more convenient way of making tliis excursion 
 is to take the train to Champ du Moulin and then to walk down through 
 the Gorges to Boudry. Another path descends to the Gorges from Chambre- 
 lien (p.l97). Noira'igue (p. 200) is '6 M. distant. 
 
 From Boudry to the Creux du Van (p. 200), 3 hrs. 
 
 Beyond Boudry the train is carried by a great viaduct over the deep 
 valley of the Areuse^ or Reuse. The stream falls into the lake near 
 Cortaillod^ where the best red wine in the canton is produced. 9M. 
 Bevaix (1568'). The line returns to the bank of the lake, which it 
 follows to Yverdon. 11 M. Gorgier-St. Auhin; 14 M. Vaumarcus, 
 with the fine well-preserved castle of that name. At (16 M.) Con- 
 cise (1453'; Ecu de France') many traces of ancient lake-villages 
 have been found. To the right, above, lies Corcelles, near which 
 are three blocks of granite, 5' to 8' in height, placed in the form of 
 a triangle, but not visible from the line. They are said to commem- 
 orate the battle of Grandson, but are more probably of Celtic origin. 
 18 M. Onnens-Bonvillars. 
 
 21 M. Grandson (Lion d'Or: Croix Rouge; Hotel de la Gare), 
 a picturesque little town (1709 inh.) probably of Roman origin, has 
 a handsome old Chateau of Baron de Blonay , now restored. (*View 
 from the terrace.) The old Church, Romanesque with a Gothic 
 choir, which once belonged to a Benedictine abbey, contains columns 
 with interesting capitals. 
 
 The chateau of Grandson, originally the seat of a family of that name 
 and said to have been built about the year 1000, was taken by the Bern- 
 ese in 1475, and in Feb. 1476 captured by Charles the Bold, Duke of 
 Burgundy, who, contrary to the treaty, caused the Bernese garrison to be 
 hanged or drowned. A'few weeks later, on 3rd March, 1476, the Duke 
 was surprised by the advancing Confederates near Grandson, and notwith- 
 standing his numerical superiority (50,000 Burgundians, it is said, against 
 20,000 Swiss) was utterly defeated. Part of the enormous booty captured 
 on the occasion is still preserved in the Swiss arsenals. 
 
 The train skirts the S.W. end of the lake, and crosses the Thiele 
 near its influx into the lake. 
 
 24 M. Yverdon (14.33'; 6330 inh. ; *H6t. de Londres, R. & A. 
 2^21 ^- 3 fr. ; Paon), the Roman Eburodunum, is a thriving little 
 town on the Thiele, with pleasant promenades and fine views. The 
 Chateau, erected by Duke Conrad of Zahringen in 1135, and the 
 seat of Pestalozzi's ifamous school in 1805-25, is now occupied by 
 the town-schools, a library, and a museum of Celtic, Roman, and 
 other antiquities. Near the churchyard are some mural fragments 
 of a Roman fort. To the S.E. (8/4 M.) are the Bains d'Yverdon, 
 with a sulphur spring and a Kurhaus (pens. 7 fr.), halfway to 
 which are the Pension La Prairie and the Pension Le Bosquet, both 
 with gardens (pens. 5-6 fr.). 
 
 The Chasseron (5285') , a height of the Jura, N.W. of Yverdon, com- 
 mands a fine view. Diligence twice daily in 31/4 hrs. to Ste. Croix (3635'; 
 Pens. .Tacques; lV"2-2 hrs. from the top), noted for its musical boxes. The 
 descent mav be made, if desired, by a good road to (V/2 hr.) Fleurier 
 (p. 200). — The Aiguille de Beaulmes (5128') and Mont Suchet (5236') are 
 also fine points (3i/2-4 hrs.; comp. p. !W9). 
 
 From Yverdon to Paper ne and Freiburg, see p. 205.
 
 FREIBURG. IV. Route 62. 203 
 
 The train quits the lake, and enters the broad valley of the Thiele, 
 a stream formed by the confluence of the Orbe (p. 208) and the Ta- 
 lenl near stat. Ependes. To the W. rises the long chain of the Jura : 
 the Aiguille de Beaulmes and Mont Suchet (p. 202), between which 
 in the distance are the Mont d'Or, the Dent de Vaulion (p. 209). 
 and Mont Tendre. 
 
 30 M. Chavornay-Orbe (the small town of Orbe lies IV2M. to the 
 N.W. ; omnibus at the station; p. 208). Two tunnels under the 
 Mauremont. Then (33V2 M.) Eclepens (p. 208j. The train en- 
 ters the wooded valley of the Venoge, which is connected with the 
 Thiele by the Canal d'Entreroches, passes La Sarraz (p. 20S), and 
 stops at — 
 
 38 M. Penthalaz-Cossonay (1850'; Hot. des Grands Moulins)] 
 the little town of Cossonay lies on a wooded hill to the right. — 
 To Vallorbes and Pontarlier, see R. 64, 
 
 Beyond (43 M.) Bassjpni/, to the S., appear the mountains of 
 Savoy. 441/2 M. Eenens. 
 
 461/2 M. Lausanne, see p. 225. 
 
 62. From Bern to Lausanne (Vevey). 
 
 (51 M. Railway to Freiburg in I-IV4 lir. (3fr. 35, 2fr. 35 c, 1 fr. 70c. \ to 
 Chexbres in 3-3V-2 hrs. (8 fr. 95, 6 fr. 30, 4 fr. 50 c.J ; to Lausanne in 3V44 hrs. 
 (iOfr. 20, 7fr. 15, 5fr. 10 c.)-, to Geneva in 51/2-61/2 hrs. (16 fr. 55, 11 fr. 60, 
 8 fr. 30 c.). — Travellers to Vevey had better alight at Chexbres (comp. p. 206). 
 Best views on the left. 
 
 Bern, see p. J 34. To the left we obtain a glimpse of the Bernese 
 Alps, and the mountains of the Simme and Sarine valleys, among 
 which the serrated Brenleire (7743') and Folie'rant (7690') are con- 
 spicuous ; more to the right is the Mole'son ; to the left, the pyramidal 
 Niesen. This view is soon hidden by wood. 3 M. Bwnplitz; 6 M. 
 Thorishaus. The train descends and crosses the Sense, the boundary 
 between the cantons of Bern and Freiburg. 9 M. Flamatt. 
 
 To the W. (57^31.; diligence thrice daily inSOmin., via Xeuenegg) lies 
 Laupen (Bar), a small town with an ancient chateau, at the confluence of the 
 Sense and the Sarine, famed in the annals of Switzerland for a victory gained 
 in 1339 by the Bernese under Rudolph von Erlach (p. 137) over the army of 
 Freiburg and the allied nobility of the Uechtland, Aargau, Savoy, and Bur- 
 gundy. The anniversary is kept every five years. The battlefield on the 
 B r amber g, ',2 31. to the N. of the road to Neuenegg, is marked by a 
 monument, erected in 1829. 
 
 Beyond the next tunnel we enter the green valley of the 
 Taferna-Bach. I21/2 M. Schmitten; 16 M. Dudingen (Fr. Guin), 
 where we cross a viaduct, 100' high. Beyond Ballisioyl, which lies 
 to the left, the train crosses the profound gorge of the Saane or 
 Sarine by means of the huge iron Viaduc de Granfey, 250' in height. 
 
 20 M. Freiburg. — Hutkl Susse, K., L., & A. 3-4 fr., well spoken 
 (if; Faucon; — Hot. dk i/AuiT.uiJiiE. Hot. dk la TfiXK-NoiRE, Croix 
 Blanche, 2nd class, plain. Rail. Restaurant. 
 
 Freiburg (2100'; pop. 12,239), Fr. Fribourg, the capital of Can- 
 ton Freiburg, the ancient Uechtland, founded in 1178byBcrtlioldIY.
 
 204 IV. Route 62. FREIBURG. From Bern 
 
 of Zahringen, stands like Bern on a rocky height nearly surrounded by 
 the Sarine(Saane). Most of the inhabitants speak French. The town 
 lies on the boundary between the two tongues, and German is still 
 spoken in the lower quarters. 
 
 As the picturesque situation of the town and its bridges is not seen from 
 the railway-station, the following walk of I1/2 hr. is recommended. From 
 the station past the little Protestant church and through the town to the 
 Hotel de "^ille and the church of St. Nicholas; then, to the left, cross the 
 Great Suspension Bridge (p. 205), and ascend the road to the right to the Pont 
 de Goiteron; cross this, and follow a road leading to the hamlet of Bour- 
 griillon. After 6 min. we take a short-cut to the right, regain the road, and 
 descend to the right, through the old Porte de Bourguillon, to the pictur- 
 esquely situated Loretto Chapel (fine view of the town). Near a small 
 chapel, farther on, we obtain to the left a view of the valley of the Sarine, 
 which has been converted into a reservoir to supply the town. A path 
 with «tep3 descends from this point to the lower town, turning to Ihe 
 left at the fountain and passing the church of St. John (founded by the 
 knights of Malta), beyond which we cross the Sarine by a stone bridge 
 (Pont St. Jean)., and either ascend by the steps to the Hotel de Ville, or 
 follow the road to the left leading to the station. 
 
 The Gothic *Cin7ECH of St. Nicholas, founded in 1283, and 
 rebuilt in the 15th cent., has been recently restored. The hand- 
 some tower, 280' high, erected in 1470-92, has a portal adorned 
 with curious reliefs. 
 
 The 'Organ., one of the finest in Europe, with 67 stops and 7800 
 pipes, some of them 32' in length, was built by Al. Mooser (d. 1839), 
 whose bust has been placed under the instrument to the right. Perform- 
 ances in summer at 1.30 and (except Sat. and the eves of festivals) 8 p.m. 
 daily. If fewer than 20 persons assemble, there is no performance unless 
 the sum paid for the tickets is made up to 20 fr. — The late-Gothic carved 
 Stalls deserve notice. The second chapel on the S. side contains a pleas- 
 ing picture by Deschwanden, St. Anne and St. Slary. The choir has three 
 modern stained-glass windows (St. Nicholas and other saints). A tablet on 
 the S. pillar at the entrance to the choir is to the memory of Canisius (d. 
 1597), a famous Jesuit, who is buried in St. Michael's Church (see below). 
 
 The Hotel db Ville, near the church of St. Nicholas, occupies 
 the site of the palace of the dukes of Zahringen. The octagonal 
 clock-tower dates from 1511. In front of it stands a venerable lime- 
 tree, 14' in circumference, supported by stone pillars. 
 
 According to tradition, this tree was originally a twig, borne by a 
 young native of Freiburg when he arrived in the town, breathless and 
 exhausted from loss of blood, to announce to his fellow-citizens the victory 
 of Morat (1476). 'Victory"' was the only word he could utter, and having 
 thus fulfilled his mission, he expired. 
 
 In the vicinity is a bronze Statue of Father Gregoire Girard 
 (d. 1850). 
 
 Near the Morat Gate is the old Jesuits' College of St. Michael, 
 with a church, founded by Father Canisius , but now managed by 
 secular clergy. Opposite it, to the left, is a plain, barrack-like 
 Boys' School, founded by the Jesuits, in 1827. — The Lycee^ next 
 the College, contains the valuable Cantonal Museum. 
 
 Two rooms on the ground-floor contain the ''Maecello Museum, be- 
 queathed to the town by the sculptress Duchess Adela Colonna (d. 1379), 
 a native of Freiburg, who assumed the name of Marcello: busts and 
 statues (*Pythia) by M;.rcello; pictures by her, and by Velasquez, Regnault, 
 Hebert, Delacroix, Fortuny, Conrbet, etc.*, tapestry, furniture, etc. 5 also
 
 to Lausanne. ROMONT. IV. Route S2. 20b 
 
 the Canionul Picture Oallery of ancient and modern works. — On tbe 
 first floor (five rooms) is a valuable collection of antiquities from lake- 
 dwellings, Roman and Swiss relics, ethnographical objects, weapons and 
 armour, coins, etc. — The second floor (two rooms) contains zoological 
 and physical, tlie third floor mineralogical and botanical collections. 
 
 The great ^Suspension Bridge, or Grand Pont Suspendu, con- 
 structed by Chaley in 1834, is 270 yds. long, and 1G8' above the 
 Sarine. It is supported by six wire-ropes, 410 yds. in length, which 
 form a single inverted arch, the extremities being secured by 128 an- 
 chors attached to blocks of stone far below the surface of the earth. 
 On the side next the town the chains pass through the walls of 
 several houses. — A little farther up is the Pont de Gotteron (250 
 yds. long, 245' high), a similar bridge, constructed in 1840 over the 
 Vallee de Gotteron, a deep ravine descending to the 8arine. On 
 the right side its chains are secured in the sandstone rock itself. 
 
 From Freiburg to Yverdon, 31 Vz M., railway in 2 hrs. (3 fr. 75 c. or 
 2 fr. 65 c.). Near (S'/z M.) Belfaux is a huge embankment, forming an aque- 
 duct for the Soi-naz, 150 yds. in length. Stat. OroUet/ , LMtelles, Coussef, 
 Corcelles, and (MVz M.)Payer«e(p.207), the junction of the 'Ligne de Broye\ 
 "We cross the Broi/e and the Glane. I6V2 M. Cugy ; 20 M. Estavayer CJ/awon 
 de Ville; Cerf), a little town with the picture.«que chateau of Chilnaux^ 
 on the Lake of Neuchatel. (Steamer twice daily by Cortaillod and Au- 
 vernier to Neuchdtel, p. 195.) — 23V2 M. Cheyres ; 26 31. Yvonand, on a 
 tongue of land projecting far into the lake, at the mouth of the Mentue, 
 where Roman relics have been found. 3IV2 M. Yverdon (p. 202). 
 
 To the S.E. of Freiburg (15 M.; road by Rechthalden and Plajfeyen ; dil- 
 igence in summer daily in 4 hrs.), in the valley of the Sense, is the Schwarze 
 See (Lac Noir, 3365'), amidst lofty mountains, and well stocked with fish. 
 On its bank lies the 'Schwarzs'ee-Bad, or Bains Dom^ne (R. 1-3, board 
 4-6 fr. per day), with sulphur-springs. The Kaisereggscfiloss (liQS'), to the 
 S.E. (3 hrs., with guide), commands the Bernese and Valaisian Alps. — 
 From the Schwarze See over the Col de Chisalettes to (iOV.J M.) Chttr- 
 mey, see p. 192; over the Gantrist Pass to Thun, p. 191. 
 
 *Berra {Birrenberg, 5655'), 4Vz-5 hrs. from Freiburg, interesting. Road 
 hj ilarly, a village prettily situated on the Gdrine (Aergerenbac/i), to (6M.) 
 LeMouret; thence a bridle-path up ih.Q Kdsenherg to the i2V2brs.) top. Ex- 
 tensive view of the Jura, the lakes of Neuchatel, Morat, and Bienne, and 
 the Alps. Descent to Valsainte (p. 192) 3/^ hr., to the Schwarze See IV2 hr. 
 
 As the train proceeds we enjoy a view of the Siramenthal and 
 Freiburg Mts. to the left, the Moleson being conspicuous. The Glane, 
 with its perpendicular banks, and a handsome bridge of four arches 
 which carries the road across it, are also seen to the left. 24 M. 
 Matran; 251/2 M. Rose; 27 M. Neyruz; 281/2 M. Cottens; 30 M. 
 Chenens. Near (33 M.) Villaz-St. Pierre the train enters the valley 
 of the Glane ; on the left are the fertile slopes of the Gibloux (3947'). 
 Near Romont, to the left, is the nunnery of La Fille Dieu. 
 
 36 M. Romont (2325'; pop. 1885; '^Cerf; Couronne; *Croix 
 Blanche^, a little town on the Glane, with ancient walls and watch- 
 towers, is picturesquely situated on a hill. The Castle on the S. 
 side, founded by the Burgundian kings in the 10th cent., is now 
 occupied by the local authorities. The old Gothic Church contains 
 choir-stalls with grotesque carving. At the S. end of the hill rises 
 a massive round tower; the adjoining grounds afford a pleasing vi... .
 
 206 IV. Route 62. CHEXBRES. 
 
 Fkom RoMONT TO BuLLE (p.240), 12 M., branch-line in 50min. Stations 
 Vuisternens, Sales, Vaulruz (p. 241). 
 
 391/2 M. Siviriez. A tunnel pierces the watershed between the 
 Glane and the Broye. 42 M. Vauderens. To the right lies the 
 valley of the Broye, with the Payerne railway and the town of Rue 
 (see below). At (46 M.) Oron-le-Chatel (2378') we pass through a 
 cutting in the castle-hill to the station on the S . side ; Oron-la- 
 Ville lies below, to the right (see below). The train now descends 
 and crosses the Mionnaz and the Broye. 48 M. Stat. Palezieux (see 
 below). We again ascend slightly, traversing a smiling and partially 
 wooded tract, to (031/2 M.) Chexhres. 
 
 The 'Signal de Chexhres (1920' ; *H6i. du Signal, with garden), 10 min. 
 from the station, affords a superb view. At our feet lies the greater part 
 of the Lake of Geneva ; to the left Vevey ; above it, from left to right, are 
 the saddle of the Col de Jaman, the tooth-like Dent de Jaman, the broad 
 back of the Rochers de Xaye, and the Tour d'Ai and Tour de Merges ; 
 farther back, the Grand-Moeveran and the Dent de Morcles. In the centre 
 of the background is the pyramid of Mont Catogne; on its left rises the 
 snowy cone of Mont Velan ; to the right the Savoy Mts., with the Dent 
 d'Oche. — Travellers bound for Vevey may descend direct from the Signal 
 to the village of Chexbres. 
 
 Feom Chexbres to Vevet, 4 31. The diligence , corresponding with 
 every train, descends to Vevey in 45 min. (passengers may alight at the 
 station); ascent from Vevey to Chexbres IV2 hr., leaving Vevey about 2 hrs. 
 before the train is due at Chexbres. The road leads through (1 M.) the 
 large village of Chexhres (1903'; *H6t. Victoria, with garden and fine view, 
 pens, from 5fr. ; 'Lion d' Or), with its old castle (whence a path descends 
 direct to Rivaz-St. Saphorin, a station on the W. Railway, p. 234), and then 
 descends, in view of the beautiful lake and the Savoy Mts., to the Lau- 
 sanne and Vevey road and (3 M.) Vevey (p. 22S). 
 
 Beyond the next tunnel (506 yds.) a **Vie-w of singular beauty, 
 embracing the greater part of the Lake of Geneva and the surround- 
 ing mountains, is suddenly disclosed. In the direction of Vevey, 
 which is not itself visible, are the Pleiades, the Dent de Jaman, 
 the valley of the Rhone, and the Savoy Mts. ; in the foreground lie 
 numerous villages amidst vineyards. Beyond a tunnel (through 
 which the setting sun shines in summer) and stat. Grandvaux 
 (Cully) we observe the villages of Lutry, Pully , and Ouchy on the 
 lake, and Lausanne on the hill above them. Beyond another tunnel 
 and a viaduct we reach (081/0 M.) La Conversion (Lutry ), and cross 
 the valley of the Paudeze (p. 228) by a viaduct of nine arches. After 
 another short tunnel our train reaches the Lausanne and Vevey line. 
 61 M. Lausanne, see p. 225. 
 
 63. From Lausanne to Payerne and Lyss. 
 
 63 M. Railway in 41/2 hrs. ; fares 7 fr. 45, 5 fr. 35 c. (no 1st class). 
 To Palezieux (13 M.), see above. We follow the pleasant val- 
 ley of the Broye. 15 M. Pale'zieuz-halte ; 171/2 M. Chdtillens (V2^f- 
 totheN.E. is Oron-la-Ville, see above); 20 M. Ecuhlens-Rue. The 
 little town of Eue (2323'; Maison de Ville; Fleur de Lis) lies on 
 a, hill to the ri^ht, commanded by an old chateau. 23 M. Bressonaz. 
 /tatu-^y^ M. Moudon (1690'; pop. 2647; Hot. du Pont; Couronne;
 
 AVENCHES. IV. Route 63. 207 
 
 Hut. de la VUle), with the chateaux of Carouge and Rochefort, an old 
 town, the Roman Minodunum , and long the capital of the Pays de 
 Vaud. Handsome Gothic church. — Farther on we cross the Broye 
 twice. 271/2 M- Luc ens , with a picturesque old chateau ; 30 M. 
 Henniez, to the left of which are tlic old chateau and church of Sur- 
 pierre, on a lofty crag; 32 M. Granges-Marnand. 
 
 37 M. Payerne (^1480'; pop. 3673; *Ours; Croix Blanche), an 
 old town, the Roman Paterniacum (^}), was early in the middle ages 
 a frequent residence of the kings of Burgundy. 
 
 In the 10th cent. Berlha, wife of Rudolph II., erected a church and 
 Benedictine abbey here, the former now a granary, the latter a school. 
 Her bones, with those of her husband and her son Conrad, were dis- 
 covered in 1817 below a tower of the old church, and were buried in the 
 Parish Church, where the queen's saddle with a hole for her distafl' is 
 shown. To this day the expres.sion, 'Ce n'est plus le temps oii Berthe 
 lilaif, is a regretful allusion to the 'good old times'. 
 
 From Payerne to Freiburg and Yverdon, see p. 205. 
 
 The valley of the Broye becomes broad and marshy. 38^/2 M. 
 Corcelles; 40Y-2 ^I- Dompierre; 42M. Domdidier. 
 
 431/2 M. Avenches (^1519'; pop. 1864; *Couronn€; Hotel de 
 VUle), now a smalltown, was the ancient capital of the Helvetii, 
 the Rom. Aventicum. Distinct remains of an Amphitheatre and other 
 buildings, and of the old town -walls, testify to its former pros- 
 perity. The mediaeval Castle, at the entrance to the town, occupies 
 the site of the Roman capitol. To the N.W. rises a solitary Corin- 
 thian column 39' high, the remnant of a temple of Apollo, now 
 called Le Cigognier, from the stork's nest which has occupied it for 
 centuries. The Museum (custodian lives near the church ; small 
 fee) contains mosaics, inscriptions, and other relics recently found 
 here; in its garden is the above-mentioned amphitheatre. 
 
 In his Childe Harold (iii. 65) Lord Byron alludes to the 'Cigognier': — 
 ' By a lone wall a lonelier column rears 
 A grey and grief-worn aspect of old days.' 
 
 For centuries a tradition was current that the tombstone of a daughter 
 of Julius Alpinus had been discovered at Avenches, the supposed inscription 
 on which Lord Byron describes as a most alTecting composition (Ch. Har. 
 iii., 6G, 67) j but both monument and inscription are said to have been 
 invented by a certain Paulus Guilelmus, who lived in the 16th cent. 
 
 At (451/2 ^^0 Faoug (Soleil ; Hot. Wicky) we approach the Lake 
 of Morat (1428') , the Roman Lacus Aventicensis and the Vecht- 
 See of the middle ages, oi/o M. long. It is separated from the Lake 
 of Neuchatel by the narrow iV/ont Vully towards the N. and the Char- 
 montel to the 8., but connected with it by the Broye. 
 
 471/2 M. Morat, Ger. Murten (1522'; pop. 2360; Couronne or 
 Post,- Croix; Lion; Pens. Kaucr , on the lake, moderate; Rail. 
 Restaur.), an ancient little town with well preserved gates and wall<. 
 Its narrow arcaded streets are overshadowed by an old Castle, which 
 in 1476, with a garrison of 1500 Bernese under Adrian von Buben- 
 berg, resisted the artillery of Charles the Bold for ten days before the 
 battle of Morat. The School contains a collection of Burgundian weap- 
 ons. Lake Baths next the Pension Kauer, at the S. end of the town.
 
 208 IV. Route 64. ORBE. 
 
 About l^z M. to tlie S. of Morat, near the lake, rises a marble Obelisk, 
 erected in 1822 in memory of the Battle of Morat, which was fought on 
 22nd June, 1476. This was the bloodiest of those three disastrous contests 
 (Grandson, Morat, and oS'^ancy), in which the puissant Duke of Burgundy 
 successively lost his treasure, his courage, and his life ('Gut, Muth, und 
 Blut'). The Burgundians lost 15,000 men and all their military stores. 
 
 The Steamboat from Morat to Xeuchatel (twice daily in 2V2 hrs.) 
 crosses the lake to Motier and Praz, at the E, base of the vine-clad Mont 
 Yully (2267'j; at Siigiez it passes under a wooden bridge and enters the 
 Broye. To the W. stretches the Jura, from the Weissenstein to the Chasse- 
 ron. 'SeaxLaSauge we enter the ZaA-e of ^'euchdtel (p. 194j, steering lirstS.W. 
 to Cudrefin^ and afterwards N.W, to St. Blaise and Ifeuchdtel (p. 195). 
 
 Near (0O72 M-) Oalmitz, Fr. Charmey, we leave the lake. To 
 tlie left is the Grosse Moos, an extensive marshy tract, partly re- 
 claimed of late, 521/2 M. Kerzers, Fr. Chietres (*F ens. Moschlng, 
 4-41/2 fr.); 541/2 M. Frdschels, Fr. Frasse; 57 M. Kallnach. 
 
 591/2 M. Aarberg (1470' ; pop. 1249; Krone), an old town on 
 an island in the Aare. Adjoining the church is the old castle of the 
 counts of Aarberg, vrho sold their dominions to Bern in 1351. 
 
 The train crosses the Aare to (63 M.) Lyss , on the Bienne and 
 Bern line (p. 12). 
 
 64. From Lausanne to Vallorbes and Pontarlier. 
 
 45 M. Railway in 21/2-8 hrs. (7 fr. 70, 5 fr. 35, 3 fr. 70 c). Express from 
 Lausanne to Paris by this route (327 M.) in IOV2 hrs. (5S fr. 50, 3 J fr. 65, 
 26 fr. 5 c). 
 
 To (9M.)Penthalaz-Cossonay, see p. 203. The train at first runs 
 parallel with the Yverdon line and diverges to the left at Villars- 
 Lussery. 15 M. La Sarraz (1G47'; Maison de Ville), a small town 
 with an old chateau. Two short tunnels. We then ascend to(18M.) 
 Arnex (1791'); 3/^ M. to the N. lies the picturesque little town of 
 Orbe(1460'; 1947 inh. ; Deux Poissons ; Ecu de France) , on the 
 Orbe, which is crossed here by two bridges. Early in the middle 
 ages Orbe was the capital of Little Burgundy, to which period belong 
 the two towers of the chateau (view from the terrace). 
 
 The line then leads in long windings, affording a splendid view, 
 at first to the right, then to the left of the entire Alpine chain from 
 the Mont Blanc to theJungfrau, hyBof/lens, to (22^1.) Croy-Romain- 
 motier, I1/2 M. from the little old town of Romaiiimotier (222b' ; 
 Maison de Ville). Farther on, the train skirts wooded hills; on 
 the right, in the deep valley of the Orbe, lies the village of Les 
 Clees with its castle, and high on the left bank are the villages of 
 Lignerolles , whence Mont Suchet (5235') is easily ascended in 2 
 hrs., and Ballaigues (*H6t.-Peiis. la Sapiniere ; *Pens. Maillefer, 
 1/2 M. to the E.), visited as a summer resort (Engl. Church service). 
 Two short tunnels; then (26 M.) Le Day, the junction for Le Pont 
 (see p. 209). Near Vallorbes we cross the Orbe by a handsome iron 
 bridge above the influx of the Jougnenaz. 
 
 28V2 M. VaUorbes (2520'; 2147 inh. ; *n6tel de Geneve, at the
 
 ^ I
 
 LAC DE JOUX. IV. Route 64. 209 
 
 station ; Maison de ViUe, Croix Blanche, both moderate), a watch- 
 making place, at the base of the Mont d'Or (4818'), almost totally 
 rebuilt since the fire of 1883. 
 
 From Valloebks to Le Pont, T'/z M., railway in 40 min. To (Qi/z M.) 
 Ze Day^ see p. 208. The line to Le Pont diverges here to the right and, 
 skirting the wooded slopes of the Dent de Vaulion, gradually ascends to 
 the tunnel (500 yds. long) under the Mont d^Orzeires (3395'), whence it 
 descends along the Lac Brenet (see below) to — 
 
 7V2 M. Le Pont ( Truite), a hamlet at the N. end of the Lac de Joux (3310'; 
 M. long, IV4 M. broad), which is separated from the little Lac Brenet by 
 an embankment with a bridge. On the N. side of the Lac Brenet are a 
 number of apertures (entonnoirs) in the rocks, serving to drain the lake, 
 the waters of which, after a subterranean course of 3 M., re-appear as 
 the so-called Source of thu Orbe, 750' lower. 
 
 Le Pont lies on the S. foot of the "^Dent de Vaulion (4880'), the W. 
 side of which presents a barren and rugged precipice , IBCXy high , while 
 the E. side is a gentle, grassy slope. The top is reached in I72 hr. 
 from Le Pont (experts may dispense with a guide). View of the Lac de 
 Joux, the Lac des Rousses, the Noirmont, and the Dole-, to the S.E. part 
 of the Lake of Geneva, and beyond it Mont Blanc and the Alps of the 
 Valais; lastly the Bernese Oberland, 
 
 A small steamboat plies on the idyllic Lac de Joux (to Rocheray in 
 50 min. ; 60 c.). It crosses from Le Pont to L'Abbaye, a prettily situated 
 hamlet on the E. bank , whence the Mont Tendre (5512') may be ascended 
 in 2 hrs. (fine view). The following stations are Ze irew, on the W. bank; 
 Grosjean and Biotix^ on the E. bank ; and Le Rocheray (Hot. Bellevue), at 
 the S. extremity of the lake. Omnibus hence to {^l\'^l.) Le Sentier (*Pens. 
 Guignard ; Union ; Hot. de Ville ; Lion d'Or), a pleasant village on the Orbe, 
 frequented as a health-resort. About 2 M. higher up is the village of 
 Le Brassus (3412'; Hot. de la Lande; Hot. de France); thence over the 
 Col de Marchairuz to (16V,2 M.) Rolle, see p. 224. 
 
 The train backs out from the station , describes a wide curve 
 and ascends the pretty, wooded valley of the Jougnenaz, where it 
 soon enters French territory. A short and a long tunnel are passed 
 through before (35 M.) Hopitaux-Jougne. We then cross the highest 
 ridge of the Jura and descend through wooded and rocky valleys to 
 (42 M.) Framhourg. Near the Fort de Jota, before the defile' of 
 La Ciuse (p. 201), we join the Neuchatel line. 
 
 45 M. Pontarlier, seep. 201. 
 
 65. Geneva and Environs. 
 
 Arrival. Principal Station (Oare de Cornavin; PI. D, 2), for the Swiss 
 Jura-Simplon and the French Paris. Lyons, & Mediterranean lines, on the 
 right bank, at the upper end of the Rue du Montblanc. Omnibus from the 
 station to all the hotels (and from the hotels to the station) 30 c.; each 
 box 15 c. — Station of Eaux-Vivi'.s (Gare des VoUandes), for Annemasse, 
 Cluses, Annec^, Bouveret, and Bellegarde, on the left bank (PI. F, 8; 
 tramway to the Place duMolard and the Cornavin Station). The French rail- 
 way-time is about 2G min. behind that of Geneva. — Steamboat Piers on 
 the S. (left) bank by the Jardin Anglais, and on the N. (right) bank by 
 the Quai dea Piiquis (PI. E, 1 ; for the express boats only). 
 
 Hotels. On the Right Bank, with view of the lake and the Alps': 
 'Geand Hot. National (PI. f . ; F, 2), a large house on the Quai du L^- 
 man, finely situated; Hot. des Beugues (PI. a; D, 4), Quai des Bergues ; 
 *H6t. de Russie (PI. b; 1), 4) and -'Crand-Hot. de la Paix (PI. c; D, 4), 
 on the Quai du Montblanc ; 'Hot. Beau-Rivage (PI. d ; E, 4) and "Hot. 
 d'Angleterke (I'l. e; E, 4), on the Quai des Paquis. *noT. Richemosd 
 
 Bakdekek, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 14
 
 210 JV. RouU 65. GENEVA. Hotels. 
 
 (PI. r; E, 4), Place des Alpes. — On the Left Bank: ''Hot. M6tropole 
 (PI. g; D, 5), by the Jardin Anglais; *H6t. de l'Ecd (PI. h; C, 4); both 
 with view of the lake. All these hotels are of the first class, with 
 corresponding charges: R., L., & A. from 4-5, B. IV2, lunch 4, D. 5 fr. — 
 *H6t. du Lac (PI. k; D, 5), R., L., & A. 3-5, D. incl. wine 4 fr. ; *H6t. 
 DE LA PosTE (PI. i; B, 4), frequented by Germans, R., L., & A. S'/z, D. 
 incl. wine 3'/2, S. incl. wine 3 fr.; 'Hot. de Paris (PI. 1; D, 5), with view 
 of the lake, R. & A, 2V2-3 fr. ; *H6t, Victoeia (PI. m •, E, 6), Rue Pierre- 
 Fatio, R., L., & A. SVz, D. 31/2 fr. ; •Hotel dij Mont Blanc, Balance 
 (PI. n; C, 4), and Grand Aigle (PI. 0; D, 5), in the Rue du Rhone. — On 
 the right bank: Hot. Suisse (PI. p; D, 3), R., L., & A. 31/2, D- 81/2 fr.-, 
 Hot. de Geneve (PL q; D, 3), R., L., & A. 3, D. 3 fr. ; Hot.-Pens. Bel-Aik 
 (PI, s ; D, 4), these three in the Rue du Montblanc ; 'Hotel Baue et de 
 LA Gare (PI. t; D, 2), and Hot. deTla Monnaie, all near the station. 
 
 Pensions (Pensions alimeniaires), very numerous owing to the great 
 influx of strangers : 120 to 300 fr. per month. Beau-Site (150-200 fr.), Rue 
 General Dufour 20; Vultier (6 fr. per day), Quai Pierre Fatio 12; Fischer, 
 Quai des Eaux-Vives 3 (6 fr. per day; lake- baths near it); Mmes. Livet 
 tt Grobet, Quai des Eaux-Vives 2 (for ladies, 150-170 fr.); Mme. Boeder, Rue 
 de Candolle 15; Lange-Goetz, Quai des Eaux-Vives 10; Mile. Bovet, Quai 
 des Eaux-Vives 12; Mme. Verdan-Courvoisier, Rue de Candolle IT; B^rard, 
 Rue du Rhone 59; Mme. Fleischmann, Rond-Point de Plainpalais 5 (6-7 fr.); 
 Faure - Matthey (Maison des Trois i?o/«) , Place Bel -Air 2 (5 fr. per day, 
 125 fr. per month); Mme. Chappuis, Boul. des Philosophes 15; Jackson- 
 Fromont., Rue du Montblanc and Rue Pradier 1; Welten.^ Place Topffer 5; 
 Mmes. Ewer-Lassalle's Home for Lady Students, Rue Thalberg 4 (Place des 
 Alpes); Moi'hardt., Boul. de Plainpalais 20; Pens, du Rhdne, Boul. de Plain- 
 palais 26; Mile. Tallon, Plainpalais, Chemin du Soleil levant 7 (90-100 fr.); 
 Pens. Mon-Repos (Miles, de Planta)., Boulevard Helvetique 22 (4-6 fr.); Mme. 
 Buraffowd, Boulevard des Philosophes 3 ; Mme. Richardet (6 fr.). Rue du 
 Montblanc 8; Vve. Picard (180 fr.), Place de la Metropole 2; Mme. Hugue- 
 nin, Place des Alpes and Rue Levrier 13; Mrs. Watson, Rue de la Gre- 
 nade 2 (Quai du Leman) ; Durand, Chemin Dancet 3 ; Maret, Petit-Floris- 
 sant 12; ''Hdt.-Pens. Beau-Sijour, in Champel-sur-Arve (pens. G, R. from 
 IVzfr.); ''Hot.-Pens. de la Roseraie, same place; 'Hot.-Pens. Bellevue, Rue 
 de Lyon 29, with garden (5-7 fr.). — Villas. Many of the pleasant villas 
 and country-houses in the neighbourhood of Geneva are let to visitors. 
 
 Cafes. Kiosque des Bastions, on the Promenade des Bastions (p. 215), 
 with music almost every afternoon and evening; Co/^ du Nord, de la 
 Couronne, and de Geneve, Ml on the Grand Quai; du Theatre, in the Theatre; 
 du Musie; Lyrique; in the Jardin Anglais, etc. — Beer at the caf^s. Also 
 ScholVs, Rue du Rhone 92 ; Landolt, opposite the University and the Jardin 
 des Bastions; Brasserie Bdle, Brasserie de VOpira, near the theatre ; Brass. 
 St. Jean (fine view); Jaeger, Boulevard James Fazy 3, opposite the Pro- 
 menade St. Jean; Bonivard, Rue des Alpes 6; Brass, du Jardin des Alpes, 
 Place des Alpes; Brass. Bemoise. Brass, de la Poste., both Rue du Montblanc. 
 Geneva beer at the breweries outside the gates; Treiber, Route de Chene, 
 with a pleasant shady terrace. — Restaurants. Left Bank : Ca/^ du Nord, 
 Cafi du Lac, Villard, all in the Rue du Rhone ; du Thidtre, at the theatre, 
 B. incl, wine, at 12.15 and 7 p.m., 2V2 fr. Right Bank: " Taverne Anglaise, 
 Rue des Alpes 4. — The tables d'hote at the hotels are on the whole 
 better and less expensive than dinners a la carte at the restaurants. 
 
 Baths. Bains de la Poste, Place de la Poste, well fitted up, hot, cold, 
 shower, and vapour baths; Bains des Alpes, Rue Le'vrier 5; Bains de Chante- 
 poulet. Rue de Chantepoulet, etc. — Lake Baths. Swimming and other baths 
 by the Quai des Eaux-Vives (left bank); also by the pier on the opposite 
 bank (PI. F, 4) ; both open for ladies 8-11 o'clock. — *Baths in the Rhone 
 above the Pont de la Machine (PI. C, 4 ; p. 213), well fitted up ; swimming- 
 bath SO, plunge-bath 60, with towels 80-90 c. — Baths in the Arve, very 
 cold (in summer only about 50°) , Chemin des Bains de TArve, 20, 2/4 M. 
 from the Place Neuve; also at Champel-sur-Arve (see above). 
 
 General Post Office, Rue du Montblanc (PI. D, 3). — Central Telegraph 
 Office Kopen day and night), Rue du Stand (PI. B, 4). Branch 0.1 feet
 
 Physicians. GENEVA. IV. Route 65. 211 
 
 (Post and Telegraph): Rue dltalie 4, near the Palais de Justice, Rue du 
 Stand, and Route de Carouge. 
 
 Tramway from the Gare deCornavin (p. 209) by the Pont duMontblanc, 
 Place du Molard , Place Keuve, Rond Point de Plainpalais to Carouge 
 (p. 220), and from the chief station by the Place du Molard, and Cours de 
 Rive to the Eaux-Vives Station (p. 209) and to Chene (p. 259) and Annematse 
 (p. 259). From the Cornavin station to the Place Molard 10 c. ■■, Carouge to 
 Chene 40 c. — Steam Tramways (Ghemins de Per a vote itroite) to Veyrier^ 
 St. Julien, Lancy, Chancy, Vernier, Ferney, etc., see p. 219- 
 
 Cabs. Drive in the town and suburbs, 1-4 pers. Vf-^fr., trunk 'Afr.j 
 per hr., 1-4 pers. 21/2 fr., each additional V4 l"". 65 c. At night (April 1 
 to Sept. 30, 10-5; other seasons 8-8) per drive 6, 1-4 pers. 274, per hr. 3V4, 
 each additional V* ^^- 1 ^^- Over-charges are not uncommon; it is ad- 
 visable to arrange the fare beforehand. 
 
 Boats 60 c. - 1 fr. 20 c. per hr. ; with boatman 1 fr. 20 c. per hr. extra. 
 The English '■canots'' are steadier than the ^vomers' or sailing-boats. The 
 smaller boats used within the harbour are called '■nacelles.'' Rowers are 
 prohibited from approaching the Pont des Bergues on account of the dan- 
 gerous rapids. 
 
 Shops. The most attractive are those on the Grand-Quai, the Rue du 
 Rhone, the Rue de la Corraterie (left bank), the Quai des Bergues, and 
 the Rue du Slontblanc (right bank). Geneva is noted for its watches and 
 jewellery. Among the watch-makers of repute may be mentioned Vacheron 
 & Constantin, Rue des Moulins 1; Golap, Leresche d- Fits., Quai des 
 Bergues 31 ^ Bachmann, Koehn , Patek, Philippe d: Co., all on the Grand- 
 Quai; Wirth, Place Molard 11. — Engraver, M. H. Bovy, chiefly for medals. 
 Rue Chantepoulet. — Musical boxes : F. Conchon, Place des Alpes 9 & Rue 
 des Paquis 2; G. Baker-Troll db Co., Rue Bonivard 6. 
 
 Booksellers. Georg <L- Co., Corraterie 10; Burkhardt, Molard 2; Stapel- 
 mohr, Corraterie 24. — Reading Room (free) with Engli.sh and Amer. 
 newspapers at the office of the 'Geneva Telegraph', Rue Levrier 3. 
 
 Theatre (p. 216). Performances daily in winter (adm. 1V2-5 fr. ; seats 
 secured in advance, or 'en location', at higher charges). — Kursaal on the 
 Quai des Paquis (PI. E, 3); concert every evening at 8 p.m., adm. 1-3 fr. 
 
 Organ Concert in the Cathedral (p. 214) on Mon., Wed., and Sat., at 
 7. 30 p. m. ; tickets (Ifr.) obtainable from the concierge and at the hotels. 
 
 — Concerts in the Bdtiment Electoral (p. 218) every Sunday afternoon in 
 winter; also fortnightly in the Theatre (see above). 
 
 Exhibition of Art, belonging to the Sociiti des Amis des Beaux-Arts, 
 in the Athenee (p. 216), open daily 10-6, Sun. 11-1; adm. 1 fr. — Ex- 
 position Municipale des Beaux-Arts in Aug. and Sept. annually, in the 
 Bailment Electoral (p. 218). — Public Lectures (Cours publics et gratuits) 
 in the University Hall, in winter daily at 8 p.m. 
 
 Physicians. Prof. D'Espine, Rue Beauregard 6; Br. Cordis, Rue Bel- 
 lot 12; Dr. Tucker-Wise, Pens. Svitterlin (Oct. -May). — Chemists. Baker, 
 Place des Bergues 3; Finck, Rue du Montblanc 26; Goegg , Corraterie 18; 
 Ackermann, Rue des Allemands 13; etc. 
 
 Hydropathic Establishment (physician Dr. Glatz) at Champel-sur-Arve 
 (p. 210; tramway-station La Cluse), well fitted up. Fine panorama from 
 the view-tower {Tour de Champel; 1/2 f^.)- 
 
 Official Enquiry Office of the Association des IntirHs de Genhve. Quai du 
 Montblanc 5 (daily 9-11 a.m.). — Cook & Son's office, Rue du Rhone 90. 
 
 British Consul (for the French-speaking cantons), D. P. F. Barton, Esq., 
 Rue Bonivard 10 (10-12 a.m.). 
 
 English Church (P1.D,3,4) on the right bank, in the Rue du Montblanc. 
 
 — American Church, Rue des Voirons (PI. E, 3), not far from the Brun- 
 swick Monument and the Kursaal. — Presbyterian Services (8-11 a.m.). Place 
 de la Fusterie 7. 
 
 Geneva (1 248'; pop. 73,000, including the suburbs), Yr. Oe- 
 nhve, Ital. Ginevra, the capital of the smallest canton next to Zug 
 (total pop. 106,738), is the largest and richest town in Switzerland. 
 
 14*
 
 212 IV. Route 65. GENEVA. History. 
 
 It lies at the S. end of the lake, at the point where the blue waters of 
 the Rhone emerge from it with the swiftness of an arrow, and a little 
 ahove the confluence of the Rhone and the Arve (p. 220). The 
 Rhone divides the town into two parts : on the left bank lies the 
 Old Town, the seat of government and centre of traffic; on the right 
 bank is the Quartier St. Gervais, formerly a suburb only. The old 
 fortifications having been removed since 1850, the town has extended 
 rapidly, and new streets are still springing np. 
 
 History. Geneva makes its appearance in tlie 1st cent. B. C. as <?«- 
 nava, a town of the AUobroges (Cses. de Bell. Gall., i. 6-8), whose terri- 
 tory became a Roman province. In 433 it became the capital of the Bur- 
 gundian kingdom, with which it came into the possession of the Franks 
 in 533, was annexed to the new Burgundian kingdom at the end of the 
 9th cent., and fell to the German Empire in 1033. In 1034 Emp. Con- 
 rad II. caused himself to be crowned here as king of Burgundy. In the 
 course of the protracted conflicts for supremacy between the Bishops 
 of Geneva, the imperial Counts of Geneva, and" the Counts (afterwards 
 Dukes) of Savoy, the citizens succeeded in obtaining various privileges. 
 In 1518 they entered into an alliance with Freiburg, and in 1526 with 
 Bern. Two parties were now formed in the town, the Confederates ('Eid- 
 genossen', pronounced by the French 'Higuenos', whence the term ^Eu- 
 gueiiots''), and the Mamelukes, partisans of the House of Savoy. 
 
 In the midst of these discords dawned the Refoemation, which Geneva 
 zealously embraced. In 1535 the Bishop transferred his seat to Gex, and 
 the following year the theologian Jea?i Calvin (properly Caulvin or Chauvin)^ 
 who was born at !Noyon in Picardy in 1509, a refugee from Paris, sought 
 refuge at Geneva. He attached himself to Farel, the chief promoter of 
 the new doctrines at Geneva, and soon obtained great influence in all affairs 
 of church and state. In 1538 he was banished , but on his return three 
 years later he obtained almost sovereign power and succeeded in esta- 
 blishing a rigid ecclesiastical discipline. His rhetorical powers were of 
 the highest order, and the austerity which he so eloquently preached he 
 no less faithfully practised. In accordance with the spirit of the age, 
 however, his sway was tyrannical and intolerant. Casiellio, who rejected 
 the doctrine of predestination, was banished in 1540; and Michael Servetus, 
 a Spanish physician who had fled from Vienne in Dauphine in consequence 
 of having written a treatise against the doctrine of the Trinity (de Trinitatis 
 erroribus) , and was only a visitor at Geneva, was arrested in 1553 by 
 Calvin's order and condemned to the stake and executed by order of the 
 Great Council. In 1559 Calvin founded the Geneva Academy, which soon 
 became the leading Protestant school of theology, so that the hitherto 
 commercial city now acquired repute as a seat of learning also. Calvin 
 died on 27 th May, 1564, but his doctrine has been firmly rooted in Geneva 
 ever since. — The attempts made by the Dukes of Savoy at the beginning 
 of the 17th cent, to recover possession of Geneva were abortive, Protestant 
 princes, who recognised the town as the bulwark of the Reformed church, 
 having contributed considerable sums towards its fortification. 
 
 In the 18th cent. Geneva was greatly weakened by dissensions, often 
 leading to bloodshed, between the privileged classes, consisting of the old 
 families (citoyens), who enjoyed a monopoly both of power and of trade 
 and the unprivileged and poorer classes (bourgeois, habitants, and sujets). 
 To these differences the writings of Jean Jacques Rousseav, the son of a 
 watchmaker, born here in 1712, materially contributed. At the instigation 
 of Voltaire and the university of Paris, his '■EmiW and ^Contrat Sociar 
 were burnt in 1763 by the hangman, by order of the magistrates, as being 
 'temeraires, scandaleux, impies, et tendants a.detruire la religion chr^tienne 
 et tons les gouvernements". — In 1798 Geneva became the capital of the 
 French Dipartement du Lenian , and in 1814 it joined the Swiss Confede- 
 ration, of which it became the 22nd Canton. 
 
 The two halves of the city separated by the Rhone are con-
 
 Quai du Montblanc. GENEVA. IV. Route 65. 213 
 
 nected by eight bridges. The highest of these, the handsome *Pont 
 du Montblanc (PI. 1), 4, 5), 2ri() yds. long, leads from the Rue du 
 Montblanc, a broad street descending from the railway-station, to the 
 Jardin Anglais (see p. 214j, and with this garden forms the centre 
 of attraction to visitors in summer. Between the Pont du Mont- 
 blanc and the Pont des Bergues is Bonssean's Island (PI. D, 4), 
 united to the latter by a chain-bridge, and planted with trees (small 
 cafe'). In the centre rises the bronze statue of the 'wild self-tortur- 
 ing sophist', by Pradier (1834). At the third bridge, the Pont de la 
 Machine (PI. C, 4, above which are the Rhone baths, p. 210), the 
 Rhone divides into two branches, the left of which is conducted 
 to the waterworks (p. 218), while the right forms the canalized 
 channel for the discharge of the lake. 
 
 Handsome quays with tempting shops flank the river near these 
 bridges, the principal being the Orand-Quai on the left bank, and 
 the Quai des Bergues on the right. Adjacent to the latter is the 
 Quai du Montblanc (PI. D, E, 4), extending from the Pont du Mont- 
 blanc towards the N.E., and aft'ording a beautiful survey of the *Mont 
 Blanc group, which presents a majestic appearance on clear evenings 
 (mountain indicator on the railing). 
 
 An idea of the relative heights of the diti'erent peaks is better ob- 
 tained from this point than at Chamonix, Thus Mont Blanc is 15,730' in 
 height, whilst the Aiguille du 3Iidi on the left is 12,605' only. Farther to 
 the left are the Grandes Jorasses and the Dent du Ge'ant ; in front of the 
 Mont Blanc group are the Aiguilles Rouges; then, more in the foreground, 
 the Mole, an isolated pyramid rising from the plain; near it the snowy 
 summit of the Aiguille d'Argentiere; then the broad Buet ; lastly the long 
 crest of the Voirons, which terminate the panorama on the left, while 
 the opposite extremity is formed by the Saleve. 
 
 In the Place des Alpes rises the sumptuous Monument Bruns- 
 wick (PI. E, 4), erected to Duke Charles II. of Brunswick (d. 1873), 
 who bequeathed his property (about 20 million fr.) to the town of 
 Geneva. 
 
 The monument (in all 66' in height) is a modified and slightly enlarged 
 copy of that of Can Signorio della Scala at Verona. It was designed by 
 Franel^ and consists of a hexagonal structure in the form of a pyramid, in 
 three stories, composed of white and coloured marble. The central story is 
 in the form of a Gothic chapel with a sarcophagus, on which is a recum- 
 bent figure of the duke by Iguel ; and the reliefs on the sides (scenes from 
 the history of Brunswick) are by the same master. At the corners, under 
 projecting canopies borne by pillars, are marble statues of six celebrated 
 Guelphs; higher up are the Christian virtues, the Twelve Apostles, etc. 
 The bronze equestrian statue of the duke, which crowned the monument, 
 proved too heavy and has been taken down. — The platfnrni is em- 
 bellished with mosaic pavement, flower-beds, and fountains. On the right 
 and left are two colossal Griffins by Cain. 
 
 The continuation of the Quai du Montblanc is formed by the 
 Quai des Pdquis, planted with trees, on which is the Kursaal (PI. 
 E, 3; p.211). Behind it is i)\e American C/jurc/t (p. 211). This qnay 
 extends to the Jefee, or pier, which affords another fine view of the 
 Alps and of the city. From the pier, the Quai du Leman extends 
 to the villas of Secheron. — In the Rue du Montblanc are the hand-
 
 214 IV. Route 65. GENEVA. Catliedral. 
 
 some new Hotel des Postes (PI. D, 3), with a rich fa^de crowned 
 by figures representing the nations of the world, and the Gothic 
 English Church (PI. D, 3, 4), erected by Monod in 1853. 
 
 On the S. (left) bank of the lake, to the left of the Pont du Mont- 
 blanc, rises the National Monument (PI. D, 5), a bronze group of 
 Helvetia and Geneva by Dover., commemorating the union of Geneva 
 with the Confederation in 1814. — Adjacent on the lake are the 
 pleasant grounds of the Jardin Anglais (Promenade du Lac), with 
 a cafe-restaurant, where a band often plays on summer-evenings. 
 To the left of the entrance is a 'barometer column', and in the 
 centre of the garden are a pretty fountain and bronze busts of 
 Al. Calame (p. 217) by Iguel, and Fr. Diday by Bovy. A pavilion 
 here contains an interesting ^Relief of Mont Blanc (adm. 50 c; Sun. 
 9-3 gratis), in limewood, 26' in length, affording a good general idea 
 of the relative heights of the 'monarch of mountains' and his vassals. 
 On the lake, to the N. of the Jardin Anglais, extends the broad 
 Quai des Eaux-Vives, planted with trees. (To Yesenaz, see p. 221). 
 Near the Quai is the Salle de la Reformation (PL E, 6), containing 
 a large concert-hall, the Calvinium, with memorials of Calvin, art- 
 icles brought home by missionaries, etc. (adm. 50 c.), and an 
 interesting Relief Model of Jerusalem by Illes. 
 
 Ascending the Eue d'ltalie , to the right near the Hotel Metro- 
 pole, for a few paces, we reach the Promenade de St. Antoine (PI. 
 C, D, 6), a terrace planted with trees. On the right is the College 
 de St. Antoine, founded by Calvin in 1559 ; to the left (E.) is the 
 Observatory, and on a height farther off (S.E.) rises the Russian 
 Church, with its gilded domes, the interior of which is worth seeing. 
 Adjacent is a bronze bust of R. Topffer (d. 1846), the author. 
 
 The Rue des Chaudronniers leads S.W. from the Promenade to 
 the Place du Bourg-de-Four (PI. C, 6), in which to the right is 
 the Palais de Justice. — Leaving the upper end of the Place by the 
 Rue de LHotel de Ville, we turn to the right to reach the — 
 
 Cathedral [St. Pierre ; PL C, 6) , completed in 1024 by Emp. 
 Conrad II. in the Romanesque style, altered in the 12th and 13th 
 cent., and disfigured in the 18th by the addition of a Corinthian por- 
 tico. The interior is in the transition style of the 13th century. 
 The verger lives at the back of the church , Rue Farel 8. (Adm. 
 week-days 1-3, free, at other hours, except Sun. 10-12, each pers. 
 20 c, parties of more than five, 1 fr.; ascent of the tower, 1-5 pers. 
 1 fr., each additional pers. 20 c). 
 
 Interior. Carved stalls of the 15tli century. Monument of Duke Henri 
 de Rohan (leader of the Protestants under Louis XIII.), who fell at Rhein- 
 felden (p. 18) in 1638, of his wife Marg. de Sully, and his son Tancrede ; 
 the black marble sarcophagus rests on two lions ; the -Statue of the duke, 
 in a sitting posture, by Iguel, is modern, the original having been destroyed 
 in 1798. Beneath a black tombstone in the nave lies Cardinal Jean de 
 Brogny (d. 1426), president of the Council of Constance. A black stone in 
 the S. aisle is to the memory of Agrippa d'Aubign^ (d. 1630 at Geneva, in 
 exile), the confidant of Henry IV. of France, erected to him, in gratitude
 
 Hotel de Ville. GENEVA. IV. Route 65. 21^ 
 
 for his services, by the Republic of Geneva. Under the pulpit is a chair 
 once used by Calvin. Adjoining is the beautiful Gothic *Chapelle des Mae- 
 chabSes, dating from the beginning of the 15th cent, (recently restored). Ad- 
 mirable Organ (concerts, see p. 211). 
 
 We now return to the Rue de I'Hotel do Ville, and turn to the 
 left to the Hdtel de Ville (PL C, 5, 6), a clumsy building in the 
 Florentine style, which is entered by an inclined plane, enabling the 
 councillors to ride, or be conveyed in litters, to or from the council- 
 chambers. — Opposite is the Arsenal (PI. C, 5; Sun. and Thurs., 
 1-4), containing the Musee Historique Genevois, a collection of old 
 weapons, the ladders used at the 'Escalade' (see below), etc. 
 
 In the vicinity. Grand' Rue No. 40. is the house in which Routseau, 
 the son of a watchmaker, was bom (1712, d. 1778 at Ermenonville near 
 Paris). His grandfather lived at that time at the back of Rue Rousseau 27, 
 on the right bank of the Rhone, which bears an erroneous inscription that 
 Rousseau was born there. — Calvin't House is No. 11 Rue Calvin (PI. C, 5). 
 
 The Musee Fol (PI. C, 5 ; Sun. and Thurs., 1-4), Grand' Rue 11, 
 founded by M. W. Fol^ contains (in the court to the right) a valuable 
 collection of Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities, the yield of 
 recent excavations, and mediaeval and Renaissance curiosities. 
 
 The Rue de la Cite, the lower prolongation of the Grand* Rue, leads 
 to the Rue des AUemands, where a tasteful Fountain Monument (PI. C, 4) 
 commemorates the last and nearly successful attempt of the Savoyards to 
 gain possession of the town (comp. p. 212). The day on which the 'Escalade' 
 was repulsed (early on 12th Dec. 1602) is still kept with public rejoicings. 
 
 A gateway adjoining the Hotel de Ville (see above) leads to the 
 shady promenades of La Treille, which afford a fine view of the 
 Saleve. Below this terrace is the Botanic Garden (PI. B, C, 5, 6), 
 laid out in 1816 by the celebrated Au^. De CandoUe (d. 1841). The 
 hot-house is adorned with marblebusts of famous Genevese, and in 
 front of it rises a colossal bust ofDeCandolle. Close by is a bust of 
 E. Boissieu (d. 1885), the botanist. The adjoining Promenade des 
 Bastions is a favourite resort. (At the entrance, adjoining the Place 
 Neuve, is the Kiosque des Bastions, p. 210.) In the grounds opposite 
 are a statue of David by Chaponnilre and the ''Pierre aux fees\ or 
 'awx dames\ with four figures, said to be a Druidical stone. To the 
 E. is a monument of Gosse, the geologist. 
 
 The Athenee (PI. C, 6), to the S.E. of the Botanical Garden, 
 a Renaissance edifice, the facade of which is adorned with busts of 
 nine famous Genevese, was erected by the wife of the 'philhellenist' 
 Eynard, and presented to the Societe des Amis des Beaux-Arts. It 
 contains lecture-rooms, a library of works on the history of art, an 
 exhibition of art (p. 211), and on the sunk-floor the Musee Industriel 
 (Thurs. and Sun., 1-2), with the machines used by L. Favre in 
 boring the St. Gotthard tunnel. — Near it is the Ecole de Chimie. 
 
 The University Buildings (PI. B, 6), on the Bastion Prome- 
 nade, erected in 1867-71, consist of three different parts connected 
 by glass galleries. The central part contains the lecture-rooms and 
 laboratories, the E. wing the collections of antiquities and coins, and 
 the Library, and the W. wing the Nat. Hist. Museum. In the square
 
 216 IV. Route 65. GENEVA. University. 
 
 in front of it is a bronze bust of Ant. Carteret (d. 1889), tbe statesman, 
 by Gharmot. In the vestibule is a bronze bust of tbe Swiss author 
 Marc Monnier (d. 1885), by Dufaux. The university has 70 profes- 
 sors and about 700 students. Ladies are admitted to the lectures. 
 
 The Bibliotheque Publique, containing 100,000 vols, and 16C0 MSS., 
 founded byBonivard, the prisoner of Chillon (p. 232), in 1551, is splendidly 
 fitted up. The first floor contains the reading-room (open on weekdays 9-12 
 and 1-6 5 closed in the afternoon during the university vacations). The 
 Salle Ami Lullin on the ground-floor, to the right of the entrance (open 
 Sun. and Thurs., 1-4; at other times apply to the concierge; fee) contains 
 valuable ancient and modern portraits of princes, reformers, and Gen- 
 evese and French statesmen and scholars, chiefly of the time of the Refor- 
 mation (Necker; Lafontaine; Descartes; Winckelmann , by A. Kmifmann-, 
 De Saussure; Turquet de Mayerne, attributed to Ruhens; Ch. Bonnet, by 
 Juehl; Sismondi; De Candolle, hj Hornung ; Humbert; Euler ; D'Aubigne; 
 Farel ; Beza ; Calvin ; Diderot ; Knox ; Zwingli ; Admiral Coligny ; Rabelais, 
 etc.). This room also contains a collection of MSB., including autographs 
 of Calvin and Rousseau. The most valuable MSS. are exhibited in glass 
 cases : homilies of St. Augustine on papyrus (6th cent.) ; house-keeping 
 accounts of Philip le Bel (1308) ; many vv^ith miniatures, some of them 
 captured from Charles the Bold at Grandson (p. 202). On an old reading- 
 desk is a French Bible ("printed at Geneva in 1588), richly bound in red 
 morocco, and bearing the arms of France and Navarre, which vras destined 
 by the Council of Geneva as a gift to Henry IV., but never presented 
 owing to his abjuration of Protestantism. On the ground-floor is also the 
 Cabinet of Coins; and on the sunk-floor is the Archaeological Museum^ 
 containing prehistoric and other antiquities, chiefly of local interest (Sun. 
 :and Thurs., 1-4). In the court is the Mii^ie Epigraphiqne^ a collection of 
 Roman and mediaeval inscriptions found at Geneva. 
 
 The Natural History Museum, admirably arranged by F. J. Pictet, 
 contains the famous collection of conchylia of B. Delessert (formerly 
 Duke Massena), which has been described by Lamarck ; Pictet's collection 
 of fossils ; De Saussure's geological collection , described in his 'Voyages 
 dans les Alpes"; Melly's collection of about 35,000 coleoptera; a complete 
 collection of the fauna of the environs of Geneva ; valuable rock-crystals 
 from the Tiefengletscher (p. 117), presented by M. Revilliod, etc. — Ad- 
 mission to the Museum on week-days (except Tues. and Sat.), 1-4, and 
 Sun., 11-4, gratis ; at other times apply to the concierge (fee). 
 
 To the N.W., in the Flace Neuve (PI. B, 5) is an equestrian 
 statue of Gen. Dufour (d. 1875), in bronze from a model by Lanz. 
 On the W. side of the Place rises the *Theatre, designed by 
 Ooss , and erected in 1872-79, a handsome Renaissance building, 
 with a facade enriched with columns and figures. The interior (with 
 1300 seats), richly embellished with sculptures and mural paint- 
 ings, deserves a visit (adm. on week-days 1-4). 
 
 The *]lilusee Rath, opposite the theatre, a collection of pictures, 
 casts, etc., was founded by the Russian general Rath, a native of 
 Geneva, and presented to the city by his sisters. It has since been 
 much extended. Adm. in summer, Mon., Wed., Thurs., and Frid. 
 1-4, and Sun. 11-4, gratis; at other times, ^/^ir. (catalogue '/'2 fr.). 
 
 Vestibule. In the centre, Borghese vase; on the right, busts of 
 Necker, hj ffoudon; Ch. Bonnet, hy Jaqiiet; Sismondi, hj Pradier ; Humbert, 
 by Dorci^re; Jeremy Bentham, by David; Duke Charles II. of Brunswick 
 (p. 213). Paintings: 122. Jeanneret, Vintage; 292. Eodler, Fable of the 
 miller; 190. Roll, Cement-workers; 159. Melton, Dent d'Oche; 279. Baud- 
 Bouvy, Wrestlers on the mountain-pasture ; 151. A. Lugardon, The Eiger. 
 Left (Salle Pradier) : Models and busts by Pvadier; busts in bronze of
 
 MuseeRath. GENEVA. IV. Route n5. 2\7 
 
 Pradier (by himself) and Dumont (by David); Venus de'Medici, by BavtoUni; 
 Sleeping boy, by Chittone. Paintings: 180. Ravel ^ Drawing -school; 170. 
 Odiey, Charles the Bold in the church atNesle. Itight (Salle C'HAPONNiftKE) : 
 Principal door of the baptistery at Florence by Ghiberti; antique torso; 
 Venus. ChaponnUre: Greek captive, Hagar and Ishinael; bronze statuettes 
 of Rousseau and Mme. Roland; bust of iMoliere, by Iloudoa; somnambulist, 
 by Reymond; busts of Victor v. Bonstettcn (p. 2'ilj, Gen. Dufour, etc. 
 
 Picture Gallery. — Central Room. Entrance-wall: *32-35. Alex- 
 andre Calame, of Vevey (1810-G4) . The .Seasons. Left wall: '23. Bocion, 
 Lake of Geneva near St. Saphorin ; 101. Oviffon, \'iew of the Rhone from 
 St. Jean near Geneva; 1. Agasne, At the smithy; -217. Thuilier, Lake of 
 Annecy; 147. Lugardon. Arnold von Melchthal; il-:0. Corot, Landscapes; 
 146. Lugardon^ Freeing of Bonivard; Humbert. *116. The ford, 117. Land- 
 scape with cattle; 184. Robellaz, Tavern scene; 74. Uunant, Harvest; 311. 
 Veillon, Sea of Tiberias; 82. Fet/en-Perrin, Vanueuse'' (girl winnowing 
 corn); 107. riomung, Calvin's farewell; 80. Favas, General Dufour; *289. 
 Oeorge-Oulliard, Walensee:, 304. L.Robert, Italian brigands; fiA. Francois 
 Diday, of Geneva (1802-77j , Giessbach; 97. Grosclaude, The volunteer; 
 *108. Homung, The Eve of St. Bartholomew; 220. Topffer^ Coming from 
 church in winter; *31. Calame, Thunder- storm on the Ilandegg; 118. 
 Huguenin., Landscape with cattle; 3. Agasse, Horse-fair; L. Robert^ 186, 
 187, Bernese and Italian girls, 188. Sacristy of S. Giovanni in Laterano 
 at Rome; 150. Lugardon, Last day of a condemned criminal; Biday^ 
 *65. Lake of Lucerne, *36. Thunder-storm on the Handegg, 63. Pissevache, 
 *62. Oaks in a storm, 61. Lake of Brienz; 2. Agatse, The repose; 185. 
 Robellaz, Brawler. In the middle are a bust of General Rath and a stand 
 with miniatures. 
 
 Left Room. 246. Weenix, Dead game: 127. Largilliere, Portrait; 51. 
 Coypel, Bacchus and Venus; 172. Oudry, Dog and heron; Velazquez, 239, 
 240. Philip IV. of Spain and his consort 3Iaria Anna of Austria, 241. 
 Spanish minstrels; 248. P. Wouverman, Naval battle; 227. Van der Heist, 
 Portrait; 96. Greuze, Child's head (a study); 197. Ryckaert and Molvnacr, 
 Flemish tavern ; 165. Molenaer, Tavern scene ; Salvator Rota. 191, 192. Land- 
 scapes ; Van Of, 232, 233. Fruit and flowers; N. Berchem, 18. The prodigal 
 son, 19. Abraham and Sarah; 216. Teniers , The smoker; 98. Ouercino, 
 Charity; 308. Teniers, The five senses; 43. Phil, de Champaigne, Dead nun; 
 244. P. Veronese, Entombment; 175, 176. Poelenburg, Landscapes; 130. Lebrun, 
 Elias's ottering. — In the adjoining Cabinet are portraits, mostly by 
 Uolard (141, *i42, 143). 
 
 Right Room. To the left: 249. ZtegrZer, Wedding on board ship; *198. 
 Sabon, Brook near Carouge; 55. Darter, Choristers; *283. Douzon, Winter 
 landscape; 20. Berthoud, Sorrento; 40. Casires, The relation of the prisoner 
 of war (1871) ; A. Dumont , Return from the church ; 75. Durand , After 
 the review; 303. Ritz , Village studies: 39. Castan, Autumn landscape; 
 287. Furet, On the Aescbi-Allmend; 121, Jeanmaire, Pine forest; 297. 
 Massip, The hour of repose; 3t)0. Potter, Gulph of St. Raphael; mbei% 
 Baking cake; H. van Muyden, Alp; 92. J. Girardet, Flight of the Vendcans 
 after the battle of Cholet; '296. Jacol-Ouillarmod, Cows fighting; "Marie 
 Ravel, Fruit; *284. Dufaux, Market-boat to Vevoy; *171. Odier, Pond in 
 Berry; 290. Oos, Before the storm; "Q. Anker, Communal meeting in the 
 Canton of Bern; 30. Ravel, Singing- lesson; 157. Menu, Landscape; 237. 
 Vautier, Peasants carrying on a lawsuit; *94. Oiron, Education of Bacchus; 
 299. PaUzieux, Return from the market; 12. Band-Boiy, Portrait of Diday; 
 13. Beaumont, the Tiber; S. Durand]. Grandfather and grandchild; '77 
 Duval, On the upper Nile; Rivolle, Landscape; 14. Beaumont, Sacrificial 
 offering; 298. Monteverde, The surprise; 36. Arthur Calame, Vevey; 123. 
 Keller, Cattle; 93. /;. Girardet, Arab at prayer; E. de Pury, Strings of 
 pearls; Fr. Diday, three landscapes; 291. Guiiiand, Roses; A. Baudit, 
 Landscape; 91. Gaud, The last load; "281. Castrcs, Swiss batterv on the 
 march; 213. Stiickelberg, Swiss nun; 215. Vuillermcl. Portrait; 231. Van 
 Muyden PiQerari; 24. Bodmer, Edge of the wood; 30. Bumand, Cattle 
 yard; 29. Louise Bretlau , The friends; 119. Ihli, Child\s funeral; 126. 
 Lansyer, Chateau in the Vendee; 238. Vautier, The sick mother; ,S. Durand.
 
 2\S IV. Route 65. GENEVA. Musee Ariana, 
 
 Stmiiav afternoon on the Lake of Geneva ; 160. A. de ifeuron. Morning in 
 the High Alps; 104. Hubert., After the escalade (p. 215). 
 
 On the S.W. side of the Place Neuve is the Conservatoire de 
 Musique , erected in 1858 ; behind it is the handsome Eglise du 
 Sacre-Coeur. To the S. of this , "between the Rue du Conseil-Ge- 
 neral and the Boulevard de Plainpalais , is the Bdtiment Electoral, 
 bearing the motto of Geneva, ^post tenebras lux\ — Farther N. , in 
 the Boulevard de Plainpalais, is a Panorama of the Siege ofBelfort, 
 by Berne -Bellecour (adm. 1 fr.); the side - building contains an 
 interesting Relief of Geneva before the demolition of the fortifications 
 in 1850 (adm. 50 c.). — - Beyond the Plaine de Plainpalais (drill- 
 ground) on the Arve are situated the Barracks and the well- 
 equipped Ecole de Medecine. In the neighbourhood, Chemin Dancet 
 2 (PI. A, 7), is the interesting Jardin Alpin d' Acclimatation^ with 
 a rich collection of European and Asiatic Alpine plants (for sale), 
 open daily except Sun. (best time 8-10 a.m. and 5-8 p.m.). Director 
 Mr. H. Correvon. 
 
 Returning to the Place Neuve, we may now pass the Synagogue 
 (PI. B, 4 ; to the W.) and cross the Pont de la Coulouvreniere (Pl.B, 
 3, 4), the lowest of the Rhone bridges. Below the bridge are the new 
 Waterworks (Forces Matrices du Rhone) , with large water-wheels 
 driven by the dammed-up water of the Rhone, which not only supply 
 the houses of Geneva but afford motive power equal to 4200 horses 
 for the use of manufactories. On the left, beyond the bridge, is the 
 Promenade St. Jean (PL B, 3), with a bronze bust of James Fazy 
 (d. 1878), the Genevese statesman, by RoUand. "We next pass the 
 Ecole d'Horlogerie (not accessible), with the Musee des Arts Deco- 
 ratifs (on the first floor; adm. daily, except. Sat., 11-4, Sun. 9-12), 
 containing an important collection of engravings and the models of 
 the Brunswick Monument (p. 213), the Ecole des Arts-Industriels, 
 and the Place des Vingt-deux Cantons (p. 219), with the old-Catho- 
 lic church of Notre-Dame, and soon reach the railway- station. 
 
 About 2^4 M. to the N.W. of the railway-station, at Varembe 
 (steam-tramway for Ferney, from the Place des xxn Cantons to 
 Pregny, 7 min., thence to the right in 5 min., see p. 219), is the 
 *Musee Ariana, founded and bequeathed to the town by M. Gust. 
 Revilliod (d.l890), a handsome Renaissance building, adorned with 
 busts of celebrated artists and commanding a magnificent view of 
 the lake and the Alps. (Adm. on Sun. 10-6, Wed., Thurs., and 
 Sat. 12-6, gratis; Tues. and Frid., 1 fr., children 50c.) 
 
 The imposing *Central Hall, with a douhle tier of marble columns, 
 contains a group of Sleep and Death (in the centre) by Guglielmi, marble 
 busts , vases , etc. The Central Coeridor (right and left) is hung with 
 valuable tapestry representing the history of Constantine the Great, after 
 Eubens's designs; the ceiling-paintings (the seasons, etc.) are by Dufour. 
 To the left of the hall are two Oriental Rooms, containing Asiatic porcelain, 
 bronzes, inlaid work, ivory carvings, and European faience ; to the right are 
 the collections of European porcelain, Etruscan vases, articles from Ale- 
 piannic graves, etc. — First Floor. On the staircase ia a Chinese boudoir, 
 and at the top, antique furniture, reproductions of the Hildesheim treasure,
 
 Forney. GENEVA. IV. Route 65. 219 
 
 weapons, and stained glass. The Pictdbe Gallery occupies four rooms 
 on this floor. Room I.: Portraits by Guercino, Giorgione, Holbein, Rigaud, 
 Bronzino , and others; in the centre, a small antique head of Venus. — 
 Room II.: Copy after Q«. Afattyt^ Tax-gatherers i Seb. del^Piomho, Bearing 
 of the Cross; Ribera, John the Baptist; Lucas van Leyden, Madonna; Fyt, 
 Boar-hunt; "Raphael^ Madonna of Vallombrosa; Madonnas by L. Credi, 
 Van Dyck, and others. — Room III. contains chiefly flower-pieces, studies 
 of still-life, and other small examples of the Netherlands school ; marble 
 busts of M. Revilliod and his mother Ariana (ne'e De la Kive) by Duphot. — 
 Room IV.: Modern paintings. Lugardon, Matterhorn, Jungfrau, Swiss 
 Confederates at the Riitli; Landscapes by Diday, Calame, Duval, Veillon. 
 and Loppi; Cattle-pieces by Humbert, Agasee, and Delarive; Genre-scenes 
 by Vautier, S. Durand, Rubio, Topfer, and others. — On the other side 
 of the large hall are paintings by Horace Revilliod; portraits, pastels, and 
 drawings by early Genevese masters; engravings (10,000 plates); a hand- 
 somely fitted library, with glass-cases containing interesting autographs ; 
 glass, ivory carvings, antique Genevese tinware; and the Silver Chamber, 
 containing ornaments, coins, medals, enamels, etc. Fine view from the 
 balcony. — In the grounds close to the museum is the sumptuous Tomb 
 of Reviliod (see above). 
 
 Environs of Geneva. An extensive system of Steam Tbam- 
 ■WAYS (Chemins de Fer a voie eiroite) much facilitates a visit to the 
 charming environs of Geneva, which are stndded with villas and 
 country-houses with heautiful gardens. The following lines were 
 open in the spring of 1893. 
 
 I. From Geneva to Fernet, 472 M., fifteen times daily in 35 min., 
 starting from the Place des XXU Cantons (p. 218). The tramway-line 
 passes undor the viaduct of the Paris, Lyons & Medit. line and follows the 
 Gex road, halting at Voie Creuse, and (7 min.) Pregny, the station for the 
 Ariana (5 min., see p. 2iS) and for (34 M.) Baroness Adolph Rothschild's 
 -Chateau (adm. on Tues. and Frid, 2-5 or 6, by tickets procured gratis 
 at the hotels in Geneva), with a fine park and a pavilion commanding a 
 magnificent view of Mont Blanc. — We next pass the pretty villages of 
 Petit-Sacconnex (to the left) and Grand-Sacconnex, and crossing the French 
 frontier before the Tuilerie, reach (4V2 M.) Ferney, officially Ferney- 
 VoUaire {_Truite ; Hotel de France), a place of some size, founded by 
 Voltaire in 1758. Opposite the station is a bronze "Statue of Voltaire 
 ('au patriarche de Ferney, 1(J94-1758-1778'), by E. Lambert, presented by 
 the artist (1S9U). Following the street leading straight from the station, 
 then turning to the left, we reach the (1/2 M.) Chdteau erected by Voltaire, 
 now containing various memorials of the founder (adm. in summer on 
 Mon., Wed., and Frid., 2-5; fee to the concierge). Over the former chapel 
 is the well-known inscription: 'IJeo erexit Voltaire'. The garden-terrace 
 commands a beautiful view. — From Fernev an omnibus plies thrice 
 daily (7.45 a. m., 2 and 7.30 p. m.) to (1 hr.) Gex (p. 22i). 
 
 II. From Geneva to Vernier, eleven times daily in 25 min. (from the 
 Place des XXII Cantons, p. 218). The line runs to the X.W., passing the 
 College de la Prairie (on the right), via Let Dilicet, with Voltaire's country- 
 house, and Les Charmilles. Beyond the hamlet of Chdtelaine, with the 
 'Theatre Voltaire' (now a store), we pass the much-freiiuented Bois de* 
 Frkres (on the left) and reach the prettily situated village of Vernier. The 
 line is being prolonged via Bourdigny to the little town of St. Genix, in 
 French territory. 
 
 III. From Geneva to Chancy, six times daily in 1 hr. 13 min. (to 
 Bernex 11 times daily in 3i min. ; to Laconiiex 9 times in 48 min.). Start- 
 ing from the Quai dc la Poste (PI. B, 4), the line follows the Boulevard 
 de Plainpalais to the Panorama (p. 218), there turns to the right by the 
 Route de St. Georges, and beyond the Abattoirs reaches the new Poni de 
 St. Georges over the Arve. On the other side of the river a path ascends 
 to the right to the Bois de la Batie (1V« M. from Geneva), a plateau
 
 220 JV. Route 65. GENEVA. Saleve. 
 
 covered with woods and meadows (several Cafes), aflfording a fine survey 
 of the town and environs. The blue water of the Rhone and the gray 
 water of the Arve flow side by side without mingling for several hundred 
 yards below their confluence. — From the bridge the tramway ascends 
 to the station of Rampe Quidort, whence a short branch diverges to the 
 Bois de la Batie and the Cemetery of St. George (trains on Sun. and Thurs. 
 only in fine weather). Beyond Petit Lancy and Onex is (81/2 M.) Bernex 
 (.•several restaurants), a considerable village whence the Signal de Bernex 
 (1655'; fine view) may be ascended in '/s hr. The following stations are 
 Vally., Sizenove and (6 M.) Laconnex^ a picturesque village, beyond which 
 the line proceeds via Cartigny., Eau-Morte, Athenaz, and Avusy to the 
 railway-station of Chancy (p. 2.52). 
 
 IV. From Geneva to Laxct, IV4 M., thirteen times daily, in 20 min. 
 Starting from the Quai de la Poste (PI. B, 4), the line follows the 
 Boulevard de Plainpalais and the shady Chemin des Terrassiers, passing 
 the Plaine de Plainpalais. At the Temple de Plainpalais we turn to the 
 right, cross the Pont d'Arve and traversing the quarter oiAcacias.^ cross the 
 Pont-Rouge to Lancy, with its attractive villas and a fine view of Geneva 
 and the Saleve. 
 
 V. From Geneva to St. Jdlien, 51/2 M., sixteen times daily in 3/4 hr. 
 (to Carouge in 13 min.), starting from the Quai de la Poste (see above). 
 Beyond the Pout d'Arve our line diverges to the left from that to Lancy, 
 and reaches (I3/4 M.) Carouge (1260'; Balance:, Ecu de Savoie)., a suburb 
 (5700 inhab.) of Geneva, fuunded in 1780 by Victor Amadeus III. of Savoy, 
 who attracted a number of Genevese artisans hither by the offer of 
 special advantages. There are two stations: Grand- Bureau . at the N. 
 end, and Carouge-Rondeau, at the S. end, near the terminus of the tram- 
 way to Geneva and Annemasse (p. 259). Ascent of the Saleve, see below. 
 — The tramway next pas.^es Bachet-Pesay, Plan-les-Ouates, with the drill- 
 ground and rifle range of the Geneva troops, Arare, and Perly, and 
 reaches (51/2 M.) St. Julien, a little French town, with 900 inhab., on 
 the Aire, a station on the railway from Bellegarde to Bouveret (p. 252). 
 About 1 M. to the W. are the picturesque ruins of the chateau of Ternier, 
 captured in 1589 by Savoyard troops who hanged the defenders on a large 
 chestnut-tree, which was destroyed by fire in 1873. — The Pitons (4505'), 
 the higher mountain adjoining the Saleve on the S.W., may be ascended 
 from St. Julien via Beaumont in 3 hrs. 
 
 VI. From Geneva to Vetrier, 31/2 M., fifteen times daily, in 25 min., 
 starting from the Cours de Rive (PI. D, 6). The line ascends, passing 
 the Russian chapel, on the right, amid gardens and villas, to Florissant. 
 Thence it descends, with a pretty view of the Arve valley and the Saleve 
 to the right, crosses the Awe between the hamlets of Villette and Sieme, 
 and reaches Veyrier {*H6t. Beau-S^jour) , a village prettily situated at the 
 foot of the Saleve, with a large Rom. Oath, girls' school. 
 
 Veyrier is the best starting-point for the ascent of the *Saleve, along 
 hill of limestone rock to the S.E. of Geneva. The N. end is called the 
 Petit-SaUve (2950'), adjoining which are the Grand-SaUve (4290'; and the 
 Petit and Grand Piton (see above). The finest point of view is the Grand- 
 Saleve, whence we survey the Mont Blanc chain, the Lake of Geneva, the 
 Jura, the cantons of Geneva and Vaud. and part of Franc^. — The route 
 descends to the left from the station at Veyrier, crosses (< min.) the rail- 
 way at the foot of the mountain, and ascends the Pas de VEchelle (elec- 
 tric tramway under construction) to (V2 hr.) Monnetier (2336'; '-ffd<. -Pens. 
 de la Reco»naissance ; 'H6t. du CJidteau de Monnetier; Chalet de Monnetier ; 
 Pens, des Platanes; Hdt.-Pens. Trottet; Hot. Belvedere)., situated in a depres- 
 sion between the Petit and Grand-Saleve. In the neighbourhood are the 
 Balmes de VErmitage., a series of grottoes oflering pretty views of the 
 Lake of Geneva. From this point the Petit-Sal^ve is ascended in 1/2 hr., 
 the Grand-Saleve in IV2 hr., by a good bridle-path (electric railway see 
 below). About 1/4 hr. below the' summit is the Auberge des Treize Arbres 
 (3840'). — Another route leads from Carouge (p. 220) in 21/2 hrs. to the 
 Grand-Saleve. By the tramway terminus a finger-post indicates the road 
 to (3/4 hr.) Bossey or Cretin to the left. Where the road divides we always
 
 Voirons. GENEVA. IV. Route 65. 221 
 
 keep to the left till we reach the railway - embankment, under which we 
 pass; we then ascend the Grande Gorge by a path which reaches the 
 plateau inl3'4 hr. 
 
 Electeic Railway (opend in 1893) to the Grand Salove from Etrem- 
 bihres, 5 M, from Geneva (p, 259; reached either by railway via Annemasse 
 in 40 min., or by tramway, several times daily in 50 min. ; fare GO c.)- 
 The line ascends in oJ min. (tare 3 fr. 10 c.) via Mornex (1805'; ^^Hdt.-Pent. 
 Bellevue, above the village, with a full view of the Alps; 'Hot. Beau-Site; 
 H6t. de Savoie; -'Pension Bain, in the old chateau, etc.), a charmin'i villaire 
 on the S. slope of the Petit-Saleve, visited as a health-resort, and M&nnc 
 Her (p. 220) to its terminal station, near the Aub. des 13 Arbres (p. 220). 
 
 On the left or E. bank of the lake a picturesque walk (tramway see 
 below) may be taken along the Quai des Eaux-Vives, planted with plane- 
 trees to (3 M.) Vesenaz (Garden Restaurants by the lake, in La Belotte)-, 
 return to (3'/2M.) Geneva viaCologny {Chalet Suisse ; Cafi desAlpes). with 
 a charming view of the lake, or farther to the E. via Vandoettvres and 
 Chougny (see below), with a fine survey of 3Iont Blanc. 
 
 VII. From Geneva to DuUvaixe, four times daily in ii;4 hr. (to Corsier 
 eleven times, in 40 min.). Starting from the Cours de Eive. the line follows 
 the Quai des Eaux-Vives (see above) as far as Ruth., ascends to the right 
 to La Belotte and Vesenaz (Hot. Ve'senaz ; Hot. Coutty), above the villages 
 of these names (see above), and traverses a monotonous plain (view of the 
 Alps to the right) via Corsier and Veigy to Aubonne, with a nunnery, and 
 Douvaine (Croix d'Or, Poste), a small French town, pleasantly situated. To 
 the right on a hill covered with vines is the handsome chateau of Ballaison. 
 
 VIII. Pkom Geneva to Jcssv, six times daily in 50 min. ( to Vandoeuvres 
 12 times in 25 min.). The line starts from the the Cours de Rive, ascends 
 via Chougny to Vandceuvres , with a fine view of the Alps, and descends 
 via Cri'te, Choulex-C/ievrier, Prisinge, and Sionnet to Jussy, a pretty village 
 situated ;it the "W. foot the Voirons , which may be ascended htnce via 
 St. Cergues in S'/z hr.s. (see below). 
 
 The long range of the 'Voirons, to the N.E. of Geneva, commanding 
 a superb view of the Alps of Savoy, the Jura Mts., etc., is another favourite 
 point. Railway (Geneva and Eaux-Vivea Station, p. 209) via Annemasse 
 (p. 259) to (50 min.) Bons-St. Didier; thence a drive of 3 hrs., or a walk of 
 21/2 hrs. to the summit. In summer omnibus from Bons-St. Didier to the 
 top on three afternoons weekly (Mon., Wed. , Sat.) in 3 hrs. (4 fr., one- 
 horse carr. 10 fr.). On the E. slope, 100' below the summit, is the 'Bdtel 
 de VErmitage (pens. G-8 fr. ; frequented by the French), in the midst of 
 pine-wood, visited as a health resort; and 10 min. below it is the "HCt. 
 Chalets des Voirons (pens. 8-12 fr.). Charming walks to the (10 min.) pavilion 
 on the Calvaire, or Grand Signal, the highest point (4875'); to the (20 min.) 
 old monastery (4590') on the N.W. slope; to the Crete d'Audoz, an eminence 
 «/2 hr. to the S.W. ; and to the (1 hr.) Pralaire (4630'), the S. peak. 
 
 Ascent of the "Bdle from Geneva, TVs hrs., see p. 224. 
 
 66. From Geneva to Martigny via Lausanne and 
 Villeneuve. Lake of Geneva (North Bank). 
 
 81 M. Railway in 43/4-(J hrs. (to Lausanne 11/2-21/4, to Vevey 2' '4- 
 31/4 hrs.); fares 13 fr. 35, 9 fr. 35, 7 fr. 70 c. (to Lausanne 6 fr. 35, 4fr. 45, 3fr. 
 2()c.; to Vevey 8fr. 35, 5 fr. 85, 4fr. 20c.). Return-tickets from Geneva to 
 St. Maurice, and from Bouveret to Brig, are available for two days, and 
 may be used for the steamers, and vice versd. 
 
 Steamboats along the Nokthekn Bank, far preferable to the railway: to 
 Morges (4 fr., 1 fr. 70c.) m 21/2 hrs.; to Ouchy (for Lausanne, 5fr., 2 fr.) in 
 3 hrs. ; to Vevey (6 fr. 50, 2 fr. 70 c.) in 3'/2-4 hrs. ; to Villeneuve (Ti/z fr., 
 3fr.) in 41/2-43/4 hrs.; to Bouveret (7V2 fr., 3 fr.) in 4^/4-5 hours. Return- 
 tickets for three days at a fare and a half, available also for returning by 
 railway, but not unless specially asked for. The cabin-tickets are available
 
 222 2V. Route 66. LAKE OF GENEVA. 
 
 for the second class only, if the holder desires to travel first class he may 
 obtain a supplementary ticket from the g\iard. Steamboat-stations on the 
 N. bank (all with piers): Bellevue , Versoix^ Mies^ Cojypet, CHigny ^ Nyon^ 
 Rolle^ St. Prex, Merges. St. Sulpice., Ouchy (Lausanne), Fully., Lutry., Cully., 
 Rivaz-St. Sapliorin, Corsiev (near the Grand Hotel de Vevey), Vevey-MarcM., 
 Vevey-La Tour., Clarens, Montreux-Vertiex, Territet-Chillon', Villenei(ve, BoU' 
 veret. The express steamers leaving Geneva (Quai du Montblanc) at 9 a.m. 
 and 1.25 p.m. touch at the following stations only: Kyon, Thonon and 
 Evian on the S. bank, Ouchy, Veyey, Clarens, Montreux, Territet, Ville- 
 neuve, and Bouveret. — Several steamboats also ply daily between the N. 
 and S. banks (Xyon-Xernier, Nyon-Thonon, Evian-Ouchy). — Good restau- 
 rants on board the larger steamers (D. 2V2-3 fr.); those on the smaller 
 boats are mediocre. 
 
 The *Lake of Geneva (ISSC), Fr. Lac Leman, Ger. Genfer See, 
 the Laeus Lemanus of the Romans, is 45 M. in length, upwards of 
 8 M. broad between Morges and Amphion, and I1/2 M. between the 
 Pointe de Genthod and Bellerive ; 250' deep near Chillon , 940' 
 near Meillerie, 1099' between Ouchy and Evian (deepest part), and 
 240' between Nyon and Geneva. The area is about 225 sq. M., 
 being 15 sq. M. more than that of the Lake of Constance. In shape 
 the lake resembles a half moon, with the horns turned towards the 
 S. and this form is most distinctly observed from the Signal de 
 Bougy (p. 224). The E. horn formerly extended 9 M. farther to- 
 wards Bex , but the deposits of the Rhone have gradually filled up 
 this part of the lake, and are daily extending this alluvial tract. 
 
 The deep-blue Colodk of the Lake of Geneva diifers from that of the 
 other Swiss lakes , which are all more or less of a greenish hue. This 
 blue tint was supposed by Sir Humphrey Davy (who lived some years at 
 Geneva, and died there in 1828) to be due to the presence of iodine, 
 but the cause of the phenomenon has never been actually ascertained. 
 The Birds which haunt the lake are wild swans (Cycnus olor), the de- 
 scendants of tame birds introduced at Geneva in 1838, gulls (Larus ridi- 
 bundus), sea-swallows (Sterna hirundo), and numerous birds of passage, 
 such as ducks and divers. There are twenty-one different kinds of Fish, 
 the most esteemed of which are the trout, the 'Ritter', the 'Fera' {Core- 
 gonus; the 'Felchen' of the Lake of Constance), and the perch. 
 
 The Vegetation of the banks partakes to some extent of a southern 
 character. Side by side grow the sweet and the wild chestnut-tree, the 
 magnolia, the trumpet-wood, the cedar of Lebanon, and trellised vines. 
 Figs and pomegranates are also of frequent occurrence, but only the former 
 reach maturity. 
 
 A phenomenon frequently observed on the Lake of Geneva, and some- 
 times on other lakes also, consists in the so-called 'Seiches', or fluctua- 
 tions in the level of the water, which within a few minutes rises or falls 
 several inches or even feet above or below its usual level. These seiches 
 are caused by any sudden alteration in the atmospheric pressure and most 
 commonly occur after storms, being in fact analogous to the ground-swell 
 of the ocean. The seiches longitudinales, or those running from one end 
 of the lake to the other, usually take about 73 min. to travel from Ville- 
 neuve to Geneva, while the seiches transversales cross from the Swiss to 
 the Savoy side in 10 minutes. The highest longitudinal swell on record 
 was observed at Geneva on 3rd Oct. 1841, measuring over 6 ft. in height, 
 while the transverse swell rarely exceeds 8 inches in height. (F. A. Forel.) 
 
 The Level of the lake is lowest at the end of winter, and highest in 
 summer during the melting of the snow on the Alps. The average dif- 
 ference between high and low water is about 5 ft., while the difference 
 between the highest (1817) and lowest (1830) recorded levels amounts to 
 nearly 9 ft. — The Temperatdke of the lake varies from 45" in winter
 
 ^--' 
 
 sy^ 
 
 /^^' 
 
 
 
 
 E„ 
 
 ^»'g ^2"J^ ' 1 ""•"■"^ 8o.<i..Z-—' 
 
 ^^^r
 
 VERSOIX. IV. Route 66. 223 
 
 to 75° or even 86" in summer, while in the deeper parts it never rises 
 above 42-44°. The lake has never been known to freeze over entirely. 
 
 The Navigation is inconsiderable, but large barges of 300 tons' burden 
 are occasionally seen. The graceful lateen-sail used here, and rarely seen 
 elsewhere except on the Mediterranean, has a very picturesque appearance. 
 
 The lake has for centuries been a favourite theme with writers of all 
 countries — Byron, Voltaire, Rousseau, Alex. Dumas, and many others. 
 On the N. side the deep-blue water is bounded by gently sloping hilLs, 
 richly clothed with vineyards and orchards, and enlivened with numerous 
 smiling villages. To the E. and S. a noble background is formed by 
 the long chain of the mountains of Valais and Savoy, of which the 
 higher ground on the N. bank affords a good survey ; but Mont Blanc 
 itself is visible from the W. bank only, from Geneva, Nyon, RoUe, and 
 particularly from Slorges (p. 225). 
 
 Steamboat Journey (piers tty the Jardin Anglais and the Quai 
 du Montblanc; comp. p. 209). The banks of the lake are clothed 
 with rich vegetation and studded with charming villas. On the 
 left, the large Hotel National, the Musee Ariana, and the finely 
 situated chateau of Pregny (p. 219) ; farther on, Genthod, prettily 
 situated, once the residence of the famous naturalists De Saussure, 
 Ch. Bonnet, and Pictet de la Rive, The steamer stops at BeUevue. 
 
 Versoix (Lion d/Or), a considerable village (1379 inhab.), once 
 belonged to France. Choiseul, the minister of Louis XV., being 
 hostile to Geneva, contemplated founding a rival city here, and the 
 streets were mapped out, but the design was afterwards abandoned. 
 
 Coppet (Croix Blanche; Ange; Hot.-Pens. duLac). The chateau, 
 now the property of M. d'HaussonviUe, was inhabited from 1790 
 till 1804 by Necker, a native of Geneva , who became minister of 
 finance to Louis XVI. His daughter, the celebrated Mme. de StaeL 
 also resided at the chateau for some years. Her writing-table, her 
 portrait by David, and a bust of Necker are shown to visitors. 
 
 From Coppet (carr. at the station) a road leads by Commugny and 
 Chavannes de Bogis to (81/2 M.) Sivonne (1543'; excellently fitted up hy- 
 dropathic estab.), charmingly situated beyond the French frontier in tlie 
 Pays de Oex (from Nyon 5 M., diligence in connection with the express 
 trains in 55 min. : from Geneva 12 M., carr. in IV2 hr., with one horse 15-18, 
 with two horses 25 fr.). Ascent of the Dole from Divonne, see p. 224. 
 
 Celigny is prettily situated on a hill a little way inland. Farther on 
 is the handsome chateau of Crans, belonging to Herr Van Berchem. 
 
 Nyon (*Beaurivage , with terrace on the lake; *Ange, pens. 
 5-6 fr. ; Hotel du Lac) was the Colonia Julia Equestris , or Novio- 
 dunum, of the Romans (4225 inhab.). The ancient castle, with walls 
 10' thick, and five towers, built in the 16th cent. , and now the prop- 
 erty of the town, was once occupied by Victor v. Bonstetten(d. 1832), 
 the author, who was frequently visited here by eminent Swiss savants. 
 The terrace and the pleasant promenades of the upper part of the 
 town afford a beautiful view of the lake, the Jura, and the Alps, 
 with Mont Blanc. Several relics of the Roman period still exist here. 
 
 Ascent of the Dole, very intertsting. A high-road (diligence) leads 
 from Nyon through the Jura by (1 hr.) Tn'lex, C- hrs.) St. Cergues, and 
 (2hr3.) LesEousses, a small French frontier fort, to (Ihr.) J/ojvz, a little town 
 in the French department of Jura. Walkers ascend from Nyon in 2V4 hrs 
 to St. Cergues (3432'^ BCtd de laPoste; 'ECL-Pens. Capt; 'Paisiou Aubtrton ;
 
 224 IV. Route 66. ROLLE. 
 
 Observatoire Amat, a hotel and pension on a height, 5 min. to the E., with 
 a splendid view of the Lake of Geneva and Mont Blanc), a village and 
 summer resort in a green valley at the N.E. base of the Dole, two -thirds 
 of the way from the top. The traveller should drive from Nyon as far 
 as the beginning of the well -shaded old road, IV2 M. beyond Trelex, 
 which follows the telegraph-wires, and ascends straight to' St. Cergues 
 (3 M.). From St. Cergues (guide 5 fr.) we ascend to the (1 hr.) Chalet du 
 Vouarne, and through the depression (La Porte) between the Vonarne 
 and the Dole, to the (1 hr.) top of the *Dole (5505'), the highest summit 
 of the Swiss Jura. The view (best in the afternoon) is picturesque and 
 extensive, and Mont Blanc is seen in all its majesty. — From Gingins, 
 11/2 M. to the W. of Trelex, a good road leads to the (71/2 M.) Chalets de la 
 Divonne. V2 lir. from the top of the Dole. — Another route leads by La 
 Rippe, 33/4 M. from Celigny (p. 223), and IV2 M. from Divonne (p. 228), 
 and before reaching (3/4 M.) Vendome^ enters the broad path (to the right) 
 through the wood, which after 3 M. joins the road from Gingins. — The 
 best route for pedestrians from Geneva (71/2 brs. to the summit of the 
 Dole) is by the Col de la Faucille, a deep depression in the .Tura chain, 
 to the N.W. of Geneva. Steam tramway to Ferney see p. 219; omnibus 
 thence in 1 hr. to Gex (2120'; Hot. de la Poste; Hot. du Commerce), a small 
 French town, at the foot of the .Jura, whence we proceed (shorter by the 
 old road) to the (2 hrs.) Col de la Faucille (4355'; *Hot. Regade). We keep 
 to the road (to Morez, p. 223) for I1/4 hr. more, finally diverging to the 
 right beyond the La Vasserode inn, whence we ascend to the summit 
 in IV2 hr. 
 
 Diligence from Les Rousses (see p. 223) to Le Brassns, to the Lac de 
 Jouz, and Le Pont, a pleasant route (comp. p. 209). 
 
 Farther on , among trees , is the chateau of Prangins, formerly 
 occupied by Joseph Bonaparte. A great part of the estate of La Ber- 
 yerie, or Chalet de Prangins, which once belonged to him, was after- 
 wards the property of Prince Jerome Napoleon (d. 1891). The old 
 chateau itself now contains a Moravian school for boys. 
 
 On a promontory lies Promgnf/toux, and on the opposite (Savoyard) 
 bank, 3 M. distant, Yvoire (p. 245). The Jura Mts. gradually recede; 
 the most conspicuous peaks are the Dole (see above), and to the right 
 of it the Noir-Mont (5118'). The lake forms a bay between the mouth 
 of the Promenthouse and the Aubonne (p. 234) beyond Rolle , and 
 here attains its greatest width. The banks of this bay, called La 
 Cote, yield one of the best Swiss white wines. 
 
 BoUe (*Tete Noire, plain, with garden; Couronne) , the birth- 
 place of the Russian general De la Harpe, tutor of Emp. Alexander I. , 
 and one of the most zealous advocates for the separation of Canton 
 Vaud from Bern (1798). An islet in the lake contains an Obelisk 
 to his memory. 
 
 On a vine-clad hill, 1 hr. to the N. of Rolle, above the village of Botigij, 
 is the *Signal de Bougy (2335'), a famous point of view, which commands 
 the lake, the Savoy Mts., and Mont Blanc. The best way to it is from 
 Stat. Aubonne- Allaman (p. 234) by omnibus or on foot to (2^fi 31.) Aubonne 
 (*Couronne), a very old and picturesque little town, with numerous gardens, 
 a beautiful avenue," and pleasant public grounds, and thence on foot to the 
 top in less than an hour. — About 5 M. to the W. of Aubonne, and 
 5>/2 M. to the N. of Kolle, is Gimel (2395'; Union, pens, from 5 fr.), with 
 beautiful wood-walks, a favourite summer resort of the Genevese. 
 
 A road (diligence to St. Georges daily) leads from P.olle to the l^.W. 
 by G'illy, Burtigmj, and Longirod to (9 31.) St. Georges (3067' ; Inn) and over 
 the {\ M.) Col de Marchairuz (4767'; Inn) to (4i/2 31) Le Biassus (p. 209).
 
 to Martiyny. LAUSANNE. IV. Route 6G. 225 
 
 On the way from St. Georges to the col, we enjoy charming views of the 
 Lake of Geneva and the Rhone Valley down to the Fort de TEcluse, and 
 beyond the col we overlook the Lac de Joux and the Dent de Vaulion. 
 
 The bank of the lake between Rolle and Lausanne is somewhat 
 flat. On a promontory lies the village of St. Prex ; then, in a wide 
 bay, MoTges (*E6t. duPort; *H6t. du Montblanc, pens, from 5 fr.; 
 Couronne), a busy little town (pop. 4088), with a harbour and an 
 old chateau now used as an arsenal. The mediaeval chateau of Vuf- 
 flens, on a height at some distance to the N., is said to have been 
 erected by Queen Bertha (p. 207). From Moxges we obtain a fine 
 view of *Mont Blanc in clear weather through a valley on the S. bank. 
 The steamer next reaches the station of St. Sulpice, and then — 
 
 Ouchy (1230'), formerly called Rive, the port of Lausanne. 
 
 "^HoTEL Bealkivage, with pleasant garden, baths, etc.. R., L., & A. from 
 6-7, D. 5fr.j "Hot. du Chateau, near the stemboat pier, new, with splen- 
 did view from the tower (lift); *H6t. d'Angleteere, R., L., & A. 2V2-3, 
 B. IV2, D. 4 fr. ; Hot. dd Port, plain; all on the lake. Pens, du Chalet, 
 Avenue Reseneck. — Lake Baths^ two establishments, one V2 M. to the 
 W., the other V* M. to the E. of the landing-place; bath 80 c., including 
 towels, etc. — Boat 60 c. per hour, or with boatman I'/a fr. 
 
 The Railway Station of the Jura-Simplon line (p. 234) is V4 M. from 
 Ouchy, and Lausanne lies fully 1/2 M. higher. Cable Railway (commonly 
 called Ficelle) from Ouchy to Lausanne in 9 min. (station at Ouchy near 
 the steamboat quay ; station at Lausanne, called 'Gare du Flon", under the 
 Grand-Pont; 42 trains daily; fare 50 or 25 c, return-ticket 80 or 40 c. - 
 intermediate stations Jordils and Ste. Luce ('Gare'), the latter near the 
 Jura-Simplon station. — Poi'terage of small articles to or from the steamer 
 10 c, trunk 20c., if over lOOlbs. 30c. 
 
 Lausanne. — *Hotel Gibbon (PI. a ; F, 4), opposite the post-office, R., 
 L., & A. 4-6, B. IV2, lunch 81/2, D. 5 fr. ; in the garden behind the dining; 
 room the historian Gibbon wrote the concluding portion of his great work 
 in 1787. 'Hot. Riche-Mont (PI. b; I), E, 5), with pleasant grounds, R., L., & 
 A. 4-5, D. 41/2 fr. ; '^Faucon (PI. c ; F, 3), R., L., & A. 4, B. 11/2, D. 4, pens, 
 from 6 fr. ; Hot. dc Grand-Pont (Pl.d; E, 4), near the bridge, R., L., & A. 
 33/4, B. 11/4. D. 31/2 fr.; *H6t.-Pens, Beau-Site (PI. e; D, 4), R., L., & A. 
 from 3, I). 3, B. lV4fr.; *H6t. -Pens. Victokia, Avenue deRumine; "Hot. 
 DU NoRD (PI. f ; F, 3, 4), Rue St. Pierre, with restaurant, R.. L., & A. 3, B. 
 IV4, D- 3 fr.; Hotel Bellevue; Hot. des Messageries, Place St. Francois 4; 
 Hot. de la Poste, Pelit Chene 4. — Hot. Terminus, at the .Tura-Simplon 
 station, new. — Pensions : Beaus^jour, Campari (Avenue du Theatre), J/<'?'- 
 crt«<oji (Rue du Midi), Perret, Etraz, Bidet (at St. Luce, see above; 5fr. per 
 day, incl. R.), and many others. — Restaurants : IlStel du A^ord, Hdtel du 
 Grand- Pont., see above; Restaur, du Thddtre (see below); Deriaz, Place St. 
 Laurent; Rail. Restaurant, D. 2V2 fr. ; Ca/t! Vaudois, Place de la Riponne 3; 
 Gambrinus {beer), Rue Haldimand, near the Place de la Riponne; Bavaria, 
 Rue de Bourg. — Theatre (PI. f ; open in winter only), Avenue du Theatre 
 (with cafe). 
 
 Omnibus from the station into the town 1 fr. ; to the steamboat at 
 Ouchy, only if ordered. — Cabs : with one horse V2 hr. 1 fr. 50. with two 
 horses 3 fr. ; 1 hr., 3 and 5; I'/'-ihr., 4 and 7; 2 hrs., 5 and 9 fr. ; from 
 Lausanne to Ouchy 2 and 4, to the rail, station IV2 and 3, from Ouchy to 
 the rail, station 2 and 4 fr. — Booksellers., with lending library, etc.: Benda, 
 Rue Centrale 3; Th. Roussy, F. Patjot, both Rue de Bourg. — Pianos, music: 
 E. R. Spies, Place St. Francois 2. 
 
 English Church, Avenue de Grancy. Seotlish Free Church, Rue Ru- 
 mine. Wesleyan Cfivreh, Rue du Valentin, Place de la Riponne. 
 
 Lausanne (1G90'; pop. 34,049), the Lausonium of the Romans, 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. i5th Edition. 15
 
 226 IV. Route 66. LAUSANNE. From Geneva 
 
 now the capital of the Canton de Yaud, occupies a beautiful and 
 commanding situation on the terraced slopes of Mont Jorat, over- 
 shadowed by its cathedral on one side, and its castle on the other,. 
 The interior of the town is less prepossessing. The streets are hilly 
 and irregular, and the houses in the older part are poor ; but th& 
 new quarters contain a number of handsome houses. The twa 
 quarters are connected by the handsome Grand-Font (135 yds.long)^ 
 erected in 1839-44, also named Pont Fichard after its builder. Th& 
 valley of the Flon , spanned by the bridge, has been largely filled 
 up and cultivated. A nearly level street, passing the castle and 
 cathedral, skirts the town and leads under the castle to the N. by a 
 tunnel, 50 paces long. Lausanne possesses many excellent schools. 
 
 The ^Cathedral (PI. E, 2; Prot.), erected in 1235-75, is a 
 simple but massive Gothic edifice. In 1875-87 it was judiciously- 
 restored from plans by VioUet-le-Duc (d. 1879). The terrace on 
 which it stands is approached from the market-place (Place de lat 
 Palud) by a flight of 160 steps. The church is open in summer on, 
 week-days 9-12 and 1-4; at other hours, adm. 50 c, each person 
 more 30 c. Bell for the sacristan by the entrance. 
 
 The 'Ikterioe (352' long, ISC' wide) is remarkable for its symmetry 
 of proportion. The vaulting of the nave, 66' in height, is supported by 
 20 clustered columns of different designs. Above the graceful triforium 
 runs another arcade, which serves as a framework for the windows. The 
 choir contains a semicircular colonnade. In the arcades of the choir-ambula- 
 tory appears an ancient form of pilaster, a relic of the Burgundian- 
 Romanesque style. The beautiful but sadly damaged rose-window and the 
 sculptured portals also merit inspection. (The W. portal is in a ruinous 
 condition; the S. portal was restored in 1884.) Above the centre of the 
 church rises a slender tower (245'), erected in 1874. The finest Moncmjents 
 are those of Otto of Grandson who fell in 1398 in a judicial duel with 
 Gerard von Estavayer (hands on the cu.shion, a symbol of the ban; 
 statue accidentally ' deprived of its hands); Bishop Guillaume de Men- 
 thonex (d. 1406); the Russian Princess Catherine Orlof'id. 1782); the Duchess 
 Caroline of Courland (d. 1783) ; Henrietta Stratford-Canning (d. 1818), first 
 wife of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, then ambassador in Switzerland (by 
 Bartolini) ; Countess Wallmoden Gimborn (d. 1783), mother of the Baroness 
 of Stein, the wife of the celebrated Prussian minister. A tablet on the wall 
 of the N. transept near these monuments bears the inscription : '^ la me- 
 moire du major I. D. A. Davel, mori sur Vichafaud en 1723^ le 24 avrily 
 martyr des droits et de la liberty du peuple vaudois\ a tribute paid to his 
 memory by Gen. De la Harpe (p. 224), who effected that for attempting 
 which Davel was beheaded as a traitor. — In 1536 a famous Disputation 
 took place in this church, in which Calvin, Farel^ and Viret participated, 
 and which resulted in the separation of Yaud from the Romish Church, 
 and the overthrow of the supremacy of Savoy. 
 
 The Terrace (1735'), formerly the churchyard, commands the town, 
 the lake, and the Alps of Savoy ; and the prospect from the terrace of 
 the old episcopal Palace {Eveche; now occupied by the cantonal 
 authorities), higher up, is also very fine. The Bishop^s Hall contains 
 old carved furniture and stained glass windows. In the Place du 
 Chateau is the new Ecole de Chimie. 
 
 The Cantoxal Museum (PI. E, 2; Wed. and Sat. 10-4, Sun. 
 11-2 o'clock), in the College near the cathedral, contains natural
 
 to Martigny. LA.USANNE. IV. Route 66. 227 
 
 history collections, a valuable collection of freshwater conchylia, 
 presented by M. de Charpentier (d. 1855), relics from Aventicum 
 (p. 207) and Vidy, the ancient Lausanne, interesting Celtic anti- 
 quities from lake-dwellings, coins, medals, etc. The same building 
 contains the Cantonal Library (120 000 ■vols.). 
 
 The MxjsEE Aklaui) (PL D, 3; Sun., 11-2, Wed. and Sat. 10-4 ^ 
 at other times, 50 c), founded by an artist of that name in 1846, in 
 a building in the Riponne opposite the corn-hall (Grenette), con- 
 tains a small picture gallery. 
 
 Among the most interesting paintings are: Domcnichino , Joseph's 
 Dream-, Cararci , Joseph cast into the pit. — Modern paintings: Anker, 
 2^ew-born child; Bocion, Tug-steamer; Bumand, Yillaee on fire; Calame, 
 Lake of Brienz; Diday. Rosenlaui, Fall of the Reichenbach; Girardet^ Re- 
 turn from the mountain-pasture; Glet/re, Executi in of Major Davel (p. 2.i6), 
 Adam and Eve, Divico's victory over the Romans, etc. ; Jouvenet, Healing 
 of the leper; Koller, Cattle-pond"; 3fwyden, Hide-and-seek; Vautier, Sabbath 
 morning; etc. 
 
 On the MoNTBENON, a hill immediately to the W. of the town, 
 planted with fine avenues, and affording a charming view of the 
 lake, is situated the handsome new Palais de Justice Federal^ or su- 
 preme court of appeal for the whole of Switzerland. 
 
 The admirably organised Blind Asylum (Asile des Aveugles), 
 to the W. of the town (PI. A, 3), was founded by Mr. Haldimand 
 {d. 1862), who amassed a fortune in England, and Miss Cerjat. — 
 In the Champ de VAir, to the N.E., the highest point in the town, 
 are the well-arranged Hopital Cantonal (250 beds), a Station Viti- 
 cole (vine-growing) and Meteorologique, and an Ecole d' Agriculture. 
 — At Cery, 2 M. to the N., on the line to Echallens (see below), 
 is the handsome Lunatic Asylum, one of the largest and best on 
 the continent, containing a chapel, concert-room, etc. 
 
 The *Signal (2125'), V-2 hr. above the town, is a famous point of view. 
 From the post-office to the castle 1/4 br. ; then cross the Place de la Bai-re 
 (PL E, 1) and follow the road straight on for about 100 paces ; ascend to 
 the right by a paved path, and thence by a flight of steps on the left to the 
 carriage-road ; follow this to the right till the hut with the trigonometrical 
 pyramid and grounds are seen on the right. (This point may also be reached 
 by a broad path diverging from the road to the right.) The view embraces 
 a great part of the lake, the Diablerets, Grand Moeveran, etc. ; Mont Blanc 
 is not visible from this point, but is seen from the Grandes Roches (Vs hr. 
 from the town, to the right of the Yverdon road). — A pleasant way back 
 from the Signal is through the wooded valley of the f/on, on the E. side 
 of the hill, and then by the Rue des Eaux to the Place de la Barre. Cab 
 from the town to the Signal, and thence to the station, 5 fr. 
 
 From Lausanne to Bercher, 12'/2 M., a local narrow-gauge railway 
 (i hr. 27 min.). The lunatic asylum mentioned above is near (2 M.) Jouxtens- 
 Cery, the second station. S^/i M. Echallens (20(34' ; 10^9 inhab. ; 'Balances) 
 is a thriving little town, with an old castle now used as a boys' school. 
 From (i2V2 M.) Bercher the line is to be extended to Payerne (p. 207). 
 
 The slopes rising to the E. of Lausanne are named La Vaux, and 
 yield good wine. Above the station of Fully, on the hillside, is the 
 lofty viaduct crossing the Faudeze (p. 206), below which is the bridge 
 of the Martigny Railway (p. 234); above Lutry is the viaduct near 
 La Conversion, mentioned at p. 206. The amphitheatre of mountain^ 
 
 15*
 
 228 IV. Route 66. VEVEY. From Geneva 
 
 becomes grander as the steamboat advances : the Rochers de Verraux, 
 Dent de Jaman, Rochers de Naye, Tour d'A'i, Tour de Mayen, Dent 
 de Morcles, and Dent du Midi ; between these, to the S., Mont Ca- 
 togne, and in the background the snowy pyramid of Mt. Velan. 
 Stations : Cully and Rivaz-St. Saphorin. 
 
 Vevey, Ger. Vivis, the Vibiscus of the Romans. 
 
 Steamboat Piers: (1) Corsier, to the "W., near the Grand Hotel de 
 Vevey; (2) Vevey- Marchi^ at the town itself; (3) Vevey-La Tour, to the E. 
 near "the Grand Hotel du Lac. — Railway Station on the N. side of the 
 town, on the left bank of the Veveyse. For excursions to the E. (Mon- 
 treux, etc.) the station of La Tour de Peilz (p. 230) is more convenient. 
 
 Hotels. *Geand Hot. de Vevey, at Corsier^ to the W. of the town, with 
 lift, large grounds, swimming and other baths (closed in winter); *H6tel 
 MoNNET (des Trois Couronnes) ; -Gkand Hot. du Lag; these three hotels, 
 all on the lake, are large and comfortable: E,., L., & A. from 5, D. 5 fr. ; 
 pension from loth Oct. to 1st May. To the E. of the town, *H6t. Mooser 
 (p. 230). — *H6t.-Pens. dd Chateau, to the E. of Monnet's, with shady 
 garden and lake-view, pens. 6-12 fr.; '-'Hot. -Pens. d'Angleterbe, R., L., & 
 A. 3-4, D. 3, pens. 51/2-8 fr., on the lake; *H6tel du Pont, at the station, 
 with garden; -Tkois Rois, moderate, not far from the station, R, & A. 
 21/2, B. 1, D. 3fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. de Fajiille , opposite the station, R. 
 11/2-2, pens. 31/2-4 fr. ; *H6tel Central , Rue de la Poste , for single gen- 
 tlemen; Hotel de la Gare. — Pensions, see p. 230. 
 
 Cafes. '-Cafi du Lac (Munich beer), Bellevue, both on the quay; Cafi 
 du ThMtre; Brasserie du College. — Cercle du Ldman, with reading-room 
 and a large garden on the lake (open to strangers). — Casino Restaurant, 
 at Vevey -La -Tour. — Coindet, dealer in preserved meats, etc., Rue des 
 Deux Marches. 
 
 Lake Baths at the E. end of the town. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office, Place de TAncien Port. — Bankers : Geo. 
 Glas, Rue du Le'man ; A. Cuinod Churchill, Place du Marche 21. 
 
 Omnibus from the station to the hotels 20, box 10 c. ; to La Tour de 
 Peilz 30, box 15 c. ; to Chexbres from the post-office 1 fr. (see p. 206). — 
 Cab with one horse, per drive in the town IV2, with two horses 2 fr.; 
 1/2 br. 11/2 or 2 fr., 1 hr. 3 or 4 fr., for every 1/2 br. more 1 or I1/2 fr. 
 
 Electric Tramway from Vevey to Chillon every 10 min. from 6.30 a.m., 
 in 59 min. (fares 10-60 c). Stations: Grand-H6tel, Vevey-Gare, Hdtel du Lac, 
 Villa Thamine, Maladeyre, Clarens, Vernex, Eursaal, Territet^ and Chillon. 
 
 Rowing-boats at the quay and the Grande Place, 1 fr. per hr.; with 
 one rower 2, with two rowers 3fr. ; to Chillon 6 or 10 fr.; to St. Gingolph 
 (p. 246) same charges ; to Meillerie (p. 246) 12 or 15 fr. 
 
 Bookseller. Benda, Hotel Monnet (also music, etc.). Pianos at Ratzen- 
 berger's (also at Montreux and Bex). — Theatre, Rue des Anciens Fosses. 
 
 English Church at the E. end of the town. 
 
 Vevey (1263'), charmingly situated at the influx of the Veveyse, 
 with 8144 iuhab . , is the second town in the Canton de Vaud, and owes 
 much of its repute to the writings of Rousseau. The quay of Vevey- 
 Marche, and the turreted Chateau of M. Couvreu (beautiful garden 
 with exotic plants, fee 1 fr.) overlook a great part of the scene of the 
 ^Nouvelle Helo'ise', the 'burning pages' of which accurately describe 
 it. To the E. La Tour de Peilz, Clarens, Montreux, and Chillon are 
 visible ; next, Yilleneuve and the mouth of the Rhone ; in the back- 
 ground the Alps of the Valais, the jagged, snow-covered Dent du 
 Midi, Mont Velan, and Mont Catogne (the 'Sugar-loaf); on the S. 
 bank of the lake, the rocks of Meillerie, overshadowed by the Dent 
 d'Oche ; and to the left, at the foot of the Grammont, St. Gingolph
 
 to Martigny. VEVEY. IV. Route 66. 229 
 
 (p. 246). The Quais Sina and Perdonnet afford a beautiful walk, 
 sheltered from the N. wind. The new Musee is a gift of Mme. 
 Jenisch. Near the station are the Russian Chapel with its gilded 
 dome and the Ecole des Jeunes Filles. At the E. end of the town 
 ate the pretty Roman Catholic Church and the English Church. 
 
 The Church of St. Martin, erected in 1498, on a vine-clad 
 hill ('■Terrasse du Panorama' ) outside the town, surrounded by lime 
 and chestnut-trees, commands a charming view (see the '■Indicateur 
 des Montagues'^. Service in summer only (ot fan-concerts). 
 
 In thi3 church repose the remains of the regicides Ludlow Cpotesiatis 
 arbitrariae oppugnator acerrimus\ as the marble tablet records) and Brough- 
 ton. The latter read the sentence to King Charles {^dignatus fuit senten- 
 tiam regis regmn profari, quam ob causam expulsus patria sua' is the in- 
 scription on his monument). Charles II. on his restoration demanded the 
 extradition of the refugees, a request with which the Swiss government 
 firmly refused to comply. Ludlow's House, which stood at the E. end of the 
 town, has been removed to make way for an addition to the Hotel du Lac. 
 The original inscription chosen by himself, '■Omne solum forti patria\ was 
 purchased and removed by one of bis descendants. A new memorial tablet 
 was erected in 1887 at the E. end of the quay. 
 
 The tower among the trees on the lake farther on, the Tour de 
 Peilz (Turris Peliana), said to have been built by Peter of Savoy in 
 the 13th cent., was once the seat of a court of justice, and was 
 afterwards used as a prison. The neighbouring chateau of M. Sarasin 
 contains a collection of ancient weapons. 
 
 The chateau of -Hauteville , 2 M. to the N.E. of Vevey , with an 
 admirably kept park, commands a beautiful view from the terrace and 
 the temple. In the same direction, 2 M. higher, is the mediaeval chateau 
 of Blonay, which has belonged the family of that name for centuries. The 
 road from Hauteville to Blonay passes through the villages of iSt. Mgier 
 (Pens. Be'guin ; Pens, des Alpes) and La Chiisaz^ many houses in which 
 are adorned with clever sketches by A, Beguin, a native of the place, now 
 an artist in Paris. In returning , we may descend by a path to the right 
 beyond the bridge to the carriage-road below, which leads to (1 3L) Chailly 
 (see p. 230), (I M.) the bridge of Tavel., below the Chdteau des Cretes (see 
 below), and ('/4 M.) the Clarens station. — About 1 hr. to the X.E. of 
 Blonay are the Pleiades (4488'), a famous point of view (auberge near the 
 top), at the E. base of which, ^t hr. from the top, are the small sulphur- 
 baths of rAlliaz (3428'; pens. 4-5 fr.). 
 
 From Vevey to Freiburg, see R. G2. — Pleasant excursion to St. Gin- 
 golph (p. 241); IV'2 hr. by boat), on foot to Novell in the valley of theMorge, 
 and thence to the top of the Blanchard (p. 246). Inns at St. Gingolph and 
 Novel very poor •, the traveller should bring provisions from Vevey. 
 
 On the lake, S^-i M. from Vevey, lies the beautiful village of 
 Clarens {English Church Service in winter), immortalised by 
 Rousseau. On a height to the W. rises the *Chdteau des Cretes, 
 a favourite summer resort of Gambetta, with its pleasant grounds, 
 and a beautiful view from the terrace (visitors admitted). Ad- 
 joining it is a chestnut copse , called the ^Bosquet de Julie\ 
 Rousseau's 'Bosquet', however, has long since disappeared, having 
 been, according to Lord Byron, uprooted by the monks of St. Bernard 
 to make way for their vineyards. Splendid view from above Clarens, 
 near the churchyard , and also from the terrace of the chateau of 
 Chdteldrd (at Tavel, 1/4 hr. to the N.), which gives its name to the
 
 230 IV. Route 66. CLARENS. Prom Geneva 
 
 W. part of Montretix (p. 231). Between Clarens and Vernex is the 
 new German Protestant Church, with its slender tower. Near the 
 station is the imposing Ecole Primaire. 
 
 Pensions (p. xviii) abound on this favourite S.E. bay of the Lake of 
 Geneva. The best-known are here mentioned in their order from Vevey. 
 Charges often raised in the busy season. 
 
 At Vevey: ■■'Hot.- Pens, du Chateau, see p. 228; Pens, du Panorama, at 
 the back of the town, recommended to ladies; Pens. Maillard; ^Hdtel et 
 Pens. Mooser, at Chemenin, 10 min. above Vevey, charming view (6-10 fr.): 
 Pens. Florentina. At St. Legier: Pens. Biguin. — At La Tour de Pkilz, near 
 Vevey: '-"Pens. Comte; ""Pent, dee Alpes. 
 
 Near Clarens, 'au Basset': "Hot.- Pens. Ketterer, sheltered (6-8 fr.); 
 lake baths adjacent. This is the beginning of the region which, being shel- 
 tered from the 'Bise' or bitter N. wind, is often recommended to persona 
 with delicate lungs as a winter residence. The gay cluster of 22 villas 
 near Clarens was built and fitted up by M. Dubochet of Paris (d. 1877), 
 at a cost of 2V2 million francs. They now belong to Mr. J. Guichard, and 
 are let furnished for 3 months or upwards at rents varying from 4000 to 
 8000 fr. per annum (apply to the 'regisseur, at Villa No. 6). — At Clarens: 
 on the left, Beausite (Moser); on the right, ''Pens. Vei'te-Rive (5-7 fr.); on 
 the left, Pens. Sanssouci (5 fr.) ; on the right, -Hdtel Roth, with a garden 
 on the lake. At the station: Hot.-Pens. des Cretes (5-6 fr.); "Hot.- Pens, du 
 Chdtelard (5-7 fr. ; good cuisine). — At Chaillt (1580'), 1 M. above the 
 Clarens station, and about 300' above the lake, ''Pens. Mury., with pleasant 
 garden; Pens, la Colline. At Charnex, IV2 M. above Clarens, Hdt.-Pens. 
 Dufour. — Between Clarens and Vernex: ''Hdtel Roy, with pleasant garden; 
 *Pens. Qermann; Clarenzia; *Lorius (three houses; 6 fr. and upwards), 
 with fine garden. 
 
 At Montreux- Vernex : On the left, -Cygne, R. & A. 81/2-6, B. IV2, D. 4, 
 pens. 6-8 fr.; '-"Pens. Pilivet; on the right, '-Monney (51/2-81/2 fr.), good cuisine; 
 Beau-Sijour au Lac (adjoining which is a bath-house); Bon-Accueil (small); 
 all on the lake; 'Hot.-Pens. Suisse (51/2 fr.), on the left side of the road, 
 with a garden on the lake; Beau-Lieu. At the station, ''Hdt.-Pens. Belle- 
 vue (51/2-8 fr.); Hdtel de la Gare ; Hot. Victoria d- Pens. Buret; Hot.-Rest. 
 Marguet. By the steamboat-pier, H6t. -Restaurant Tonhalle, for single gentle- 
 men, moderate. — Preserved meats, etc., sold by M&autis. Beer at the 
 Tonhalle, Cafi des Alpes (both near the pier), and at Marguefs. — Bazaar 
 Wanner, with a good and varied stock. — Strangers' Enquiry Office at the 
 College (ground-floor, to the right). — English Physician, Stewart Tidey, 
 M. B., Villa Magnolias. — Chemists: Buhrer at Clarens; Engelmann at 
 Territet. — Booksellers: Benda; Meyer, at Clarens. Reading-rooms at 
 Benda^s and Goltsleben's. 
 
 In BoNPORT, on the Territet road (where the Kursaal is on the right, 
 see p. 231; adm. 1 fr. ; weekly subscription 3, monthly 10, quarterly 20fr.), 
 on the lake, farther to the S.E. : on the right. Hot. du Leman; "Hot.-Pens. 
 des Palmiers; Pens, des Fough'cs; on the left, *Zrd<. de Paris; -'Hdt. de France; 
 ''Hotel National, with a terrace high above the lake, 6-9 fr. On the right, 
 '-Hot.-Pens. Beaurivage (Spickner), "Hot.-Pens. Breuer, both with gardens 
 on the lake; "Hot.-Pens. Bon-Port. The four last, 1/2 M. from the station, 
 command a fine view. — In the village of Les Planches, 1/2 M. from the 
 lake and the station: '""Pens. Visinand, the oldest in Montreux; "Pens. 
 Mooser (5-6 fr.), Biensis, and *Fa«</er (7-8 fr.), all with a fine view. 
 
 At Territet (just E. of stat. Territet-Glion) : "Grand Hotel <£- Hot. des 
 Alpes (pens. 7-15 fr.), an extensive establishment with handsome rooms, 
 cold-water cure, and terraced grounds on the lake, with a fine view. "Hdtel 
 Mont-Fleuri, finely situated higher up (6-8 fr.). — Hotel du Lac, moderate; 
 * Hdtel d'Angleterre; to the right, "Pens. Mounoud (5-6 fr.); "Pens. Boand. 
 
 At Veytaux: "Hotel Bonivard, R., L., & A. from 3fr. ; "Masson (5-7 fr.) ; 
 Villa Clos-de-Grandchamp ; Hot.-Pens. Chillon, near the castle. — Between 
 Chillon and Villeneuve, the handsome "Hdtel Byron (6-9 fr.), finely sit- 
 uated (omnibus from the Villeneuve station, p. 233).
 
 toMartigny. MONTREUX. IV. Route 66. 231 
 
 At Glion C225i'--, cable tramway, see below) : "Ildtel Righi-Vaudois (pens. 
 8-12 fr.); "Hdtel Fic^ona (.8 V2- 10 fr.), both with beautiful gardens; "Hdiel 
 du Midi^ *Hdtel Glion (6 fr.) with garden, "Hdt. Bellevue, Bdl.-Fent. du 
 Pare (5 fr,). — Above Glion, * Grand-Hot. de Caux (SiilO'i see below). 
 
 Most of these pensions receive passing travellers at hotel-charges, but 
 in autumn they are generally full. At many other houses rooms with or 
 without board may also be obtained. The Grape Cdke begins towards 
 the end of September and lasts about a month. — Aigle (p. 234) and Bex 
 (p. 235) are also pleasant resorts in early summer and in autumn. In 
 the height of summer, when the heat on the lake and in the valley of 
 the Rhone becomes overpowering, the pensions at Chateau d'Oex (p. 242), 
 Ormont-Dessus (p. 240), Villars (p. 235), etc., are much frequented. 
 
 English Chorch at Territet, daily services from Oct. to June, three 
 services on Sun. during the whole year. Subscription library in the Parish 
 Room next the church. — PRESurxERiAN Church at Montreux-Vernex, Rue 
 de la Gare (serv. Sun. 10.80 a.m. and 4 p.m.; Chaplain Rev. William Milne). 
 
 Clarens, Charnex^ Vernex, Glion, CoLonges, Veytaux^ and the other 
 villages which lie scattered about, partly on the lake and partly on 
 the hill-side, are collectively called Montreux (pop. 10,696). The 
 parish of Montreux, which extends to the Dent de Jaman, is divided 
 into three parts, Le Chdtelard, Les Planches, and Veytaux, by the 
 brook (Bale) of Montreux and the Verraye. The central point of the 
 district is the village of Montreux-Vernex, on the lake, with a rail- 
 way-station and steamboat-pier. About 74 ^^- from the S. end of it 
 is the Kursaal, with pleasant grounds (adm. see p. 230} ; opposite 
 is the new Roman Catholic Churchy in the Romanesque style. 
 About 1/2 M. higher up, at the foot of the mountain, lies the vill- 
 age Les Planches, separated from Sdles, to the W., by the Baie de 
 Montreux, whLch descends from the Gorge du Chaudron (p. 232) 
 and is here spanned by the handsome *Pont de Montreux, 100' in 
 height. Above Les Planches rises the quaint old Church of Montreux 
 (recently restored), the shady terrace in front of which commands a 
 superb and far-famed *View of the lake (mountain indicator). 
 
 ExcDRSioNS FROM MoNTREUX (electric tramway from Chillon to Vevey, 
 see p. 22S). Chief excursion to *Glion and the *Rochers de Nate. To 
 Glion (2254': Hotels, see above) a cable-tramway ('Chemin de fer funiculaire'') 
 ascends in 9 min., starting from the Territet-Glion station on the Jura-Sim- 
 plon Railway (21 trains daily; fare 1, return-ticket IVsfr.). The line, con- 
 structed by Hr. Riggenbach on the same system as the Giessbach tram- 
 way, but much steeper, is about 750 yds. long, the maximum gradient 
 being 1 : I3/4. At the top is a Buffet-Res'tauv., which commands a delightful 
 survey of the upper end of the Lake of Geneva and the mountains enclos- 
 ing it, with the snow-clad Dent du Midi in the centre. Pleasant way 
 back through the Gorge du Chaudron (see below) to the village of Montreux 
 in 1 hr. (enquire for beginning of path). 
 
 *From Glion to Nate, 41/2 M., rack-and-pinion railway in 11/4 hr. 
 (fare from Territet to Naye and back 10 fr.). The station adjoins that of 
 the 'Funiculaire' to the right. The line is carried beneath the houses of 
 Glion by means of a tunnel, beyond which to the left we look down into 
 the gorge of the Baie de Montreux (see above); on the opposite bank is 
 the village of Somier and the reservoir of the Montreux electric works. 
 We ascend gradually through meadows and pass over a viaduct, enjoying 
 a line view to the left of Montreux and the Lake of Geneva and of the 
 large Hotel des Avants below us (p. 232). Ascending more rabidly, we 
 pass through a cutting and the curved Tunnel de Tremhlex (147 yds. in 
 length) to the E. side of the ridge and the (IV4 M.) station of Caux (3457'; 
 Buffet). Above, on the brow of the hill, is the -Grand Hotel de Caux
 
 232 77. Route 66. CHILLON. From Geneva 
 
 (3610'; R. & L. from 31/2, B. IV2, Luncli 3, D. 5, board 5 fr.), commauding 
 a splendid view of the lake and the Alps of Savoy and Valais. — We now 
 skirt the head of the valley of the Verraye (to the right, the Rochers de 
 Naye) and beyond the chalets of Sandys pass again to the N. side of the 
 ridge, v?here the conical Dent de /ama/i (6493'.) suddenly appears. The line 
 ascends rapidly to the ridge between Jaman and Xaye and passes through 
 a tunnel (82 yds. long) to the (33/4 31.) station of Jaman (5(15') in the seques- 
 tered Combe d'amoni; to the left below us is the small Lac de Jaman (5144'). 
 [The Dent de Jaman, a fine point of view, may be climbed hence by experts 
 in IV2 hr.; see p. 242.] Farther on we are carried over a narrow arete, com- 
 manding a riew of the Lake of Geneva to the right and of the mountains 
 of the Gruyere to the left. We then pass through the rocky wall of the 
 Rochers de Xaye by a tunnel 267 yds. in length and ascend round the 
 uppermost valley to the (41/2 M.) station of iAV<w« (64^0': new Hotel and 
 Restaur.), 338' (10 min.) below the summit of the *Rochers de Naye (6808'). 
 The splendid view (Panorama 1 fr, 80 c.) commands the Bernese Alps (Wet- 
 terhorn, Eiger, Mcench, Jungfrau, Finsteraarhorn), the Alps of the Canton 
 de Vaud (Diablerets, Grand-M(jeveran. Tour de Mayen and Tour d'Ai), part 
 of the Valaisian (Grand Combin, Dent du Midi) and Savoyan Alps (Aiguille 
 d'Argentiere, Aig. Verte) and the whole of the Lake of Geneva. 
 
 "To the 'Gorge du Chaudron , a wooded ravine between Glion and 
 Sonzier, watered by the Bate de Montreux (p. 231). From the bridge of 
 Montreux to the head of the gorge, and back, 1 hr., or returning by Glion 
 2 hours. — Las Avants (3230'; -Hotel des Avants. pens, in summer 6-12 fr., 
 in winter 6-10 fr.), a charmingly situated health-resort for both summer and 
 winter, lies 1^/4 hr's. drive from Montreux via Charnex and Chaulin (um- 
 nibus from April 15th to Oct. 15th, from Montreux railway station at 9 
 a.m., in 13/4 hr., returning at 4 p.m. in 3/4 hr. ; fares, up 3. down 2, return- 
 ticket 4 fr. ; carriage with one horse 12 , with two horses 18 fr.). Les 
 Avants may be reached on foot from Montreux via Sonzier (Maison Blanche, 
 moderate) in IV2 hr. , or from Glion via the Gorge du Chaudron in 
 13/4 hr. From Les Avants to the top of Mont Cubli (3525'), with charm- 
 ing view. Ihr.; Dent de /ama» (6165'), via the Col de Jaman (p. 242), 2V2lirs.; 
 etc. — Bv Charnex and Chaulin to the Bains de VAlliaz and the PUiades 
 (4488'), returning by Blonay (p. 229), 8 hrs. — Bv Aigle to the Onnonts, see 
 R. 67. — To Villars, see p. 235. — To the Pissevache and Gorges du Trient 
 (p. 238) by railway, and back, in one day. 
 
 Stat. Territet-Chillon (^*H6t. des Alpes, etc. ; see p. 2301. The 
 *Castle of Chillon, with its massive walls and towers, ^/^ M. from 
 the pier (3/4 M. from stat. Territet- Glion ; 1/4 M. from stat. Vey- 
 taux-Chillon), stands on an isolated rock 22 yds. from the bank, 
 ■with which it is connected by a bridge, but the strait is now dry. 
 'Chillon! thy prison is a holy place, 
 And thy sad floor an altar, — for 'twas trod, 
 Until his very steps have left a trace. 
 Worn, as if the cold pavement were a sod. 
 By Bonivard ! — may none those marks efface, 
 For they appeal from tyranny to God." 
 The author of these beautiful lines has invested this spot with 
 much of the interest which attaches to it, but it is an error to identify 
 Bonivard, the victim to the tyranny of the Duke of Savoy, and confined by 
 him in these gloomy dungeons for six years , with Byron's 'Prisoner of 
 Chillon' (composed by him in the Anchor Inn at Ouchy in 1817). The author 
 calls his poem a fable, and when he composed it he was not aware of the 
 history of Bonivard , or he would, as he himself states, have attempted to 
 dignify the subject by an endeavour to celebrate his courage and virtue. 
 Francis Bonivard was" born in 1496. He was the son of Louis Bonivard, Lord 
 of Lune, and at the age of sixteen inherited from his uncle the rich priory 
 of St. Victor , close to the walls of Geneva. The Duke of Savoy having at- 
 tacked the republic of Geneva, Bonivard warmly espoused its cause, and 
 thereby incurred the relentless hostility of the Duke , who caused him to
 
 to Martigny. YILLENEUVE. IV. Route 66. 233 
 
 be seized and imprisoned in the castle of Grolee, where he remained two 
 years. On regaining his liberty he returned to his priory , but in 1528 he 
 was again in arms against those who had seized his ecclesiastical revenues. 
 The city of Geneva supplied him with munitions of war, in return for which 
 Bonivard parted with his birthright, the revenues of which were applied by 
 the Genevese to the support of the city hospital. He was afterwards em- 
 ployed in the service of the republic, but in 1530 when travelling between 
 Moudon and Lausanne fell into the power of his old enemy, the Duke ot 
 Savoy, who confined him in the castle of Chillon. In 1536 he was liberated 
 by the Bernese and Genevese forces under Nogelin, and returning to the 
 republic, he spent the rest of his life as a highly respected citizen. He died 
 in 1570 at the age of 74 years. 
 
 Above the entrance (fee) are the arms of the Canton de Vaud. 
 The rooms with their old wooden ceilings , the dungeons with 
 their pillars and arches, and the other reminiscences of the time of 
 the dukes of Savoy are interesting. A fine effect is produced by 
 the beams of the setting sun streaming through the narrow loopholes 
 into these sombre precincts. Among the names on the pillars are 
 those of Byron, Eugene Sue, George Sand, and Victor Hugo. 
 
 It is an historical fact that in 830 Louis le Debonnaire imprisoned 
 the Abbot Wala of Corvey, who had instigated his sons to rebellion, in 
 a castle from which only the sky, the Alps, and Lake Leman were visible 
 (Pertz, Monum. it. p. 556); this could have been no other than the 
 Castle of Chillon. Count Peter of Savoy improved and fortified the castle 
 in the 13th cent., and it now stands much as he left it. The strong 
 pillars in the vaults are in the early-Romanesque style, and belonged to the 
 original edifice. The Counts of Savoy frequently resided in the castle, 
 and it was subsequently converted into a state-prison. Since 1798 it has 
 been used as a military arsenal. 
 
 Between Chillon and Villeneuve , on the slope of the hill , is 
 the handsome Hotel Byron (p. 231). The He de Paix, an islet 30 
 paces long and 20 wide, 1/3 M. to the W. of Villeneuve, and Y4 M. 
 from the S. bank, commanding a fine view, was laid out and planted 
 with three elms by a lady a century ago, and recalls Byron's lines : — 
 'And then there was a little isle. 
 Which in my very face did smile. 
 The only one in view.' 
 
 In the E. bay of the lake, I1/.2 M. from Chillon, lies Villeneuve 
 (*H6t. du Port; *H6t, de Ville), a small walled town, the Pennilucus, 
 or Penneloci of the Romans. The 'Clos des Moines' is a good wine 
 grown here. (Railway-station, see below.) 
 
 Footpath to Montbovon (p. 241) over the Col de la Tinihre (5310') in 
 41/2 hrs., to Chateau d'CEx (p. 242) in 6 hrs. 
 
 Railway Journey. Geneva, see p. 209. The train runs high 
 above the lake, overlooking the hills on the E. bank with their num- 
 erous villas, above which rises the long ridge of the Voirons and 
 in clear weather Mont Blanc. 21/.) M. C/iam6e\'?y ; 4 M. Genthod- 
 Bellevue; 51/2 M. Versoix (p. 223); 81/2 M. Coppef (p. 223). At 
 (11 M.) Celigny the Dole (p. 224) becomes visible to the left. Be- 
 yond (141/2 M-) Nyon (p. 223) the line skirts Prangins with its 
 chateau, and then quits the bank of the lake. 
 
 The tract of country between the Proinenthouse, which the train 
 crosses near (1772 M.) Gland, and the Aubonne (see below) is
 
 234 IV. Route 66. AIGLE. From Geneva 
 
 called La Cote and is noted for its wine. 20 M. Gilly-Bursinel ; 
 21 1/2 M. RoUe (p. 224). The height to the left is the Signal de 
 Bougy (2910'; p. 224), a splendid point of view, easily reached 
 from Rolle or from the next station (25 M.) Auhonne-Allaman. 
 
 The train crosses the Aubonne and returns to the lake. 28 M. 
 St. Prex; the village lies on a promontory below, on the right. 
 From (301/2 M.) Merges (p. 225; station 8 min. from pier) Mont 
 Blanc is seen in all its majesty in clear weather, hut soon disap- 
 pears. In the distance to the N. W., above the valley of the Morges, 
 which the train crosses here, is the chateau of Vufflens (p. 225). 
 
 The line again leaves the lake, crosses the Venoge^ and joins 
 the Neuchatel railway (p. 203). SS'/o Renens. 
 
 38 M. Lausanne (*Hdt. Terminus c^- Rail. Restaurant), see p. 225. 
 
 The train (views on the right) skirts the lake the greater part of 
 the way to Villeneuve. We cross the Paudeze by a handsome bridge 
 (above which, to the left, is the lofty nine-arched viaduct of the 
 Freiburg line, p. 208), pass through a short tunnel, and skirt the 
 vine-clad slopes of La Vaux (p. 228). 42 M. Lutry. 
 
 From (44 M.) Cully (p. 228) to (47 M.) Rivaz-St. Saphorin the 
 train runs close to the lake, then quits it, and crosses the Veveyse. 
 50 M. Vevey (p. 228); 5OV2 M. La Tour de Peilz (p. 229) ; 52 M. 
 Burier; then a tunnel, beyond which we obtain a fine view of Mon- 
 treux, Chillon. and the E. bay of the lake. 53 M. Clarens (p. 230). 
 
 54 M. Montreux - Vernex (p. 231), beyond which we again 
 approach the lake. 55 M. Terrifef-67ion (Cafe-Eestaut., and small 
 bazaar), immediately above the steamboat-pier of Territet-Chillon 
 (p. 232), and the starting-point of the cable-tramway to Glion 
 (p. 231). 551/2 M. Veytaux- Chillon (p. 231) is 1/4 M. from the castle. 
 
 57 M. Villeneuve, see p. 233. The train now enters the broad 
 and somewhat marshy i2/tone Valley, bounded by high mountains. 
 The Rhone flows into the lake 3 M. to the W., near Bouveret. Its 
 grey waters, the deposits of which have formed an extensive alluvial 
 tract, present a marked contrast to the crystalline azure of the same 
 river where it rushes through the bridges at Geneva. 
 
 The first station in the Rhone Valley is (591/2 M.) Roche. 
 Part of the mountain near Tvorne (1560'), to the left, was pre- 
 cipitated on the village by an earthquake in 1584. Excellent wine is 
 grown in the gorge ('Crosex-Grille ' and 'Maison Blanche' or 'Clos 
 du Rocher). To the right towers the jagged Dent du Midi (p. 247). 
 
 63 M. Aigle. — *Grand Hotel, 1 M. above Aigle in the valley of the 
 Grande-Eau, with extensive grounds, suitable for a prolonged stay, R., L., & 
 A. 31/2, B. 11/2, D. 4, pens. 6-iO fr. — =H6t.-Pens. Beau-Site, at the station, 
 with grounds; *Victokia, with garden, moderate; Hot. dd Midi and Hot. 
 i>u NoED, both unpretending. — English Church Service at the Grand Hotel. 
 
 Aigle (1375'; pop. 3555), a small town with a large chateau, 
 is prettily situated on the turbulent Grande-Eau. 
 
 The Plrwfonr (1604'; p. 235), a hill 1/2 hr. to the E., with a tower 
 (60' high) .of Roman origin and grounds, affords charming views of the 
 Rhone Vallev.
 
 to Martigny. BEX. IV. Route 66. 235 
 
 ViLLARs, 31/4 hrs. E.of Aigle, 27^ lirs. above Ollon (see below), a very 
 favourite summer resort, lies on the hill-side, high above the right bank 
 of the Rhone. It is best reached from Aigle (carr. 15, with two horses 
 30 fr., down 25 fr., and fee; a drive of 3 hrs.; diligence daily at 3.30p.m. 
 in 41/2 hrs., returning from Villars at 8.20 a.m. in 2^/i hrs.-, fares o fr. 
 75 c), as the hotel and other accommodation at Ollon is poor. High-road 
 to (2 M.) Ollon (Hotel de Ville, poor) ; thence a good road in numerous 
 windings , with fine views. Pedestrians follow the Panex road , which 
 diverges to the left immediately above Ollon. After 1 min., where the path 
 divides, we follow that to the extreme right. At (40 min.) La Pousaz we 
 take the path to the left, by the second fountain, in the middle of the vill- 
 age-, 35 min. Huemoz (3307'; pron. Wems by the natives), charmingly sit- 
 uated ; 40 min. Chesieres (3970'; *Hotel du Chamossaire, moderate), with beau- 
 tiful view; 20 min. Villars (4166'; "ffdt.-Pens. Breuer, R. &i A. 2, B. IV4, 
 D. 31/2, S. 21/2, pens. 7-9 fr.; a little farther on, 'Grand Hotel Muveran, 
 patronized by French visitors, pens. 6-10 fr. ; -Bellevue. a little higher 
 up, 6-8 fr.). Pleasant park-like environs, affording a variety of walks, with 
 benches at all the best points of view and shady spots. The air is bracing 
 but mild, and there is no N. or E. wind. Magnificent view of part of 
 the Diablerets, the Grand and Petit Mceveran, the Dent aux Favres, Tete 
 Noire, Dent de Mercies, the "S. spurs of the Mont Blanc group with the 
 Glacier de Trient, the Dent du Midi, Rhone valley, etc. The finest ex- 
 cursion is the ascent (3 hrs. ; guide unnecessary) of the * Chamossaire 
 (6950'), which commands a most picturesque view of the Bernese Alps, 
 the Weisshorn, the Diablerets, Grand Mceveran, Dent de Morcles, Mont 
 Blanc, Dent du Midi, Valley of the Rhone, and Sepey. The route is by 
 a cart-track nearly to Bretayes (1 hr. from the top), a' little below which 
 we ascend by a path to the left to the stone signal on the summit. — 
 From Bretaye a tolerable path leads past the small lakes des Chalets, Noir., 
 and *des Chavonnes^ to (2 hrs.) La Forclaz (4144'), and crossing the Grande- 
 Eau^ to 0/2 br.), Le Sepey (p. 240). We may return to Villars the same 
 day by carriage, via Aigle; or the next day on foot by Au Pont, Plambuit, 
 and Chesiires (see above). — Shorter excursions may be made from Villars 
 to (!/< hr.) Les Closalets, a point commanding a fine view of the Rhone val- 
 ley and of Mont Blanc; to (2hrs. ; horse 10 fr.) Panex or Plambuit via. Che- 
 siires and Les E covet s ; to the (iVi hr.) Montagne de la Truche (fine view) 
 via Chesieres ; etc. — From Villars to Ormont-Dessus over the Col de la 
 Croix (5687'), 4 hrs. ; guide (6 fr.) unnecessary, if the traveller is shown 
 the beginning of the route (comp. p. 240). — From Villars by Arveye to 
 Gryon (p. 243), 1 hr. ; to Les Plans (p. 236), 4 hrs. 
 
 From Aigle a road leads by Yvorne (p. 234) to (2 hrs. ; one-horse 
 carr. 8, tno-horse 15 fr.) Corbeyrier (.3235'; Hdt.-Pens. Dubuis, 5 fr.), a village 
 in a sheltered situation, with fine views. The Signal (V* hr.) overlooks the 
 Rhone Valley from St. Maurice to the Lake of Geneva; more extensive 
 view, particularly of the Tour Sallieres and Dent du Midi, from the plateau 
 of the Agittes (4997'; road, 13/4-2 hrs.). The Tour de ilayen (76'20'), from 
 Corbeyrier by the Alp Luan and Alp At in 3V2-4 hrs., and the Tour dWi 
 (7818'; 31/2 hrs.) are attractive ascents (not dillicnlt). 
 
 Fkom Aigle to Leysix (Grand Hntel, p. 210), road by Le Sepey in 
 372 hrs. (carriage in 3 hrs., with one horse 15 fr., two horses 25 fr.), direct 
 footpath in 272-3 hrs. — From Aigle to the Ormoxts see (p. 240), one- 
 horse carr. to Le Sepey 10, to Ormont-Dessus 15 fr. and fee of 1 fr. ; 
 diligence to Le Sepey da'ily in 274 hrs., to Ormont-Dessus in 5'/2 hrs. 
 
 Between Aigle and [65 M.") Ollon-St. Triphon, on the left, rises 
 the Plantour with its tower (p. 234). The village of St. Triphon 
 lies on the S. slope of a hill, 1 M. from the railway; Ollon is on 
 another hill, to the N.E. (Road to Villars 2V2 hrs., see p. 235.) To 
 the left tower the Grand Mceveran and the Dent de Morcles. 
 
 68 M. Bex. — *Grand Hotel des Salixes, with salt and other baths, 
 and a well-equipped hvdropathic establishment, in a fine sheltered situa- 
 tion, 2 M. from the station, R., L., & A. 3V2-5, D. 4-5, pens. 6-12 fr.
 
 236 JV. Route 66. ST. MAURICE. From Geneva 
 
 (in August the visitors are almost exclusively French) ; adjacent, *Hot.- 
 Pens. Villa des Bains; in the village, *Geand Hotel des Bains ; 'Hot.- 
 Pens. des Alpes, pens. 4V2-5 fr. ; *Union , moderate; *H6t.-Pens. dd 
 Ceochet; Hot. du Monde. At Chietre near Bex: ''Pens. Moesching, 4-4V2 fr. 
 — English Church, opposite the Gr. Hot. des Bains. 
 
 Bex (1427'; pop. 4420; pronounced -Bat/), charmingly situated, 
 on the AvanQon, and affording many "beautiful walks, lies ^/4 M. 
 from the station (omnibus 30 c). Bex is a favourite resort in spring; 
 and in autumn it is frequented by patients undergoing the 'grape-cure'. 
 
 Fine view from Le Montet^ a hill to the N. (1/2 hr.), from the Bo'et, and 
 from the Tour de Duin, a ruin on a wooded hill (^4 hr, to the S.E.). — The 
 extensive salt-works of Divens and Bivieux, 3 JI. to the N.E., reached by a 
 shady road of gradual ascent, may be visited in half a day (guide 5 fr.). 
 Visitors usually drive to Devens , see the salt-works, and then visit the 
 mines, where the salt is obtained from the saline argillaceous slate by a 
 process of soaking. Salt is also obtained from the salt-springs by evapor- 
 ation. In the wood at the back of the salt-works are two huge erratic blocks. 
 
 A road leads to the E. of Bex, on the left bank of the Avancon, to 
 (31/2 M.) Frenihres (2850'; Pens. Giroud) and (2 M.) Les Plans (3612';'^" Pens. 
 de V Argentine, D. 2V2fr.; ''Pens. Bernard, "Pens. Marletaz, 5-7 fr., these two 
 unpretending; guides Philippe Marletaz, Charles and Jul. Veillon, Alexis 
 Moreillon), in the sequestered Valine des Plans, a good starting-point for 
 excursions. Thus, to the Pont de Nant (4110'; Restaurant), with view of 
 the glaciers of the Dent de Morcles, -/2 hr. •, to the Croix de Javernaz 
 (6910') 3 hrs. ; to the Glacier de Plan-Nevi 3 hrs. ; ascent of the Argen- 
 tine (79850 4 hrs. ; ''Dent de Morcles (9775'), with an imposing view of 
 the Mont Blanc chain and the Alps of the Valais, 7 hrs. via Nant and the 
 Glacier de Martinet (descent to Morcles, see p. 237, 31/2 hrs.) ; Tete a Pierre- 
 Grept (9545') 7 hrs.; Grand- Mcever an (10,043'), by the Frete de Sallies (8527'; 
 a pass to the Rhone Valley between the (Jrand and the Petit Moeveran), 
 7 hrs.; to Ameindaz (p. 244) over the Col des Essets (6690') 4 hrs.; etc. 
 
 From Bex to Gryon^ and over the Pas de Cheville to Sion, see R. 69. 
 
 To Chesieres and Villars (by Divens, 3 hrs.), see p. 235. 
 
 The train crosses the Avancon and the Rhone, joins the line on 
 the S. bank (p. 248), and passes through a curved tunnel. 
 
 71 M. St. Maurice (1377' ; pop. 1666 ; Hotel-Pens. Orisogono, in 
 connection with the Bail. Restaurant ; Ecu du Valais ; Hot. d^.s Alpes 
 moderate ; Hot. de la Dent du Midi, plain), a picturesque old town 
 with narrow streets, on a delta between the river and the cliffs, the 
 Roman Agaunum, is said to derive its name from St. Maurice, the 
 commander of the Theban legion, who is said to have suffered 
 martyrdom here with his companions in 302 (near the Chapelle de 
 Veroilley, p. 237). The abbey, probably the most ancient on this 
 side of the Alps , supposed to have been founded at the end of 
 the 4th cent, by St. Theodore, is now occupied by Augustinian 
 monks, and contains some interesting old works of art (shown by 
 special permission only) : a vase of Saracenic workmanship, a cro- 
 zier in gold, a chalice of agate, Queen Bertha's chalice, and a rich 
 MS. of the Gospels, said to have been presented to the abbey by 
 Charlemagne. On the walls of the churchyard and on the tower of 
 the venerable abbey-church are Roman inscriptions. — To the W. of 
 the station , halfway up an apparently inaccessible precipice , is 
 perched the hermitage of Notre - Dame - du - Sex (sax, i.e. rock), to 
 which a narrow path has been hewn in the rock. Farther to the N.,
 
 to Martigny. VERNAYAZ. IV. Route 66. 237 
 
 above the mouth of the tunnel , halfway up the hill , is the Grotte 
 aux Fees, an interesting stalactite cavern with a lake and a waterfall 
 (I/4 hr. from the station ; tickets and guides at the old chateau). 
 
 Travellers descending the valley change carriages at St. Maurice for 
 Bouveret , where steamers (far preferable in fine weather) correspond 
 with the trains. Comp. pp. 221, 244. 
 
 The Bath3 of Lavey (1377'; *E6tel, D. 3V2, S. 23/4, omnibus 3/4 fr.), 
 IV2 M. above St. Maurice, are much frequented. The vs^arm spring (100° 
 Fahr.), first discovered in 1831, impregnated with sulphur and common salt, 
 rises in a wooden pump-room , 5 min. from the hotel. — A narrow road 
 (one-horse carr. If fr.) ascends through wood in zigzags, to the E. of 
 the baths, to (272 hrs.) Morcles (3822' ; Pens. Cheseaux; guides Ch. Guillat 
 and Jul. Cheseaux)., prettily situated at the foot of the Dent de Morcles. 
 Ascent of the Croix de Javernaz (6910'; fine view from the top) from Morcles 
 via Planhaut in 23/4 hrs. (descent to Lea Plans, see above) ; of the Dent de 
 Morcles (9775'), 5V2 hrs. (see above) ; bed of hay if required on the Haul de 
 Morcles (5740'), IV2 hr. from Morcles. 
 
 Beyond St. Maurice, on the right, is the Chapelle de Veroilley, 
 with rude frescoes. Opposite, on the right bank, are the Baths of 
 Lavey (see above). The line approaches the Rhone, and passes the 
 spot where huge mud-streams from the Dent du Midi inundated 
 the valley in 1835, covering it with rocks and de'bris. 
 
 75 M. Evionnaz occupies the site of Epaunum, a town which 
 was destroyed by a similar mud-stream in 563. Before us rises the 
 broad snow-clad Grand Combin (p. 289). Near the hamlet of La 
 Balmaz railway and road skirt a projecting rock close to the Rhone. 
 On the right is the *Pissevache, a beautiful cascade of the Salanfe 
 (p. 248), which here falls into the Rhone Valley from a height of 230' 
 (3/4 M. from Vernayaz ; best light in the forenoon). A path ascends 
 on the right side, and passes behind the waterfall (adm. 1 fr.). 
 
 77 M. Vernayaz (1535' ; *Gr.-H6t. des Gorges du Trient, 1/2 M. 
 from the station , finely situated at the entrance of the Gorge, 
 1st class, R., L., & A. 5, D. 5 fr. — Hot. des Alpes, R. 21/2 fr. ; 
 Hot. de la Poste, plain; Hot. de la Gare at the station, with 
 Restaurant, moderate), the starting-point of the routes to Chamonix 
 via Salvan (p. 274) and via Guenroz (p. 274; guide to the Tete-Noire 
 or Chatelard 6, Chamonix 12, Cascade du Dalley 4 fr.). 
 
 On the right, beyond Vernayaz, we observe the bare rocks at 
 the mouth of the ^Gorges du Trient, which may be ascended for 
 1/2 M. by means of a wooden gallery attached to the rocks above the 
 torrent. Tickets (1 fr.) at the Gr.-Hot. des Gorges du Trient. 
 
 The view at the entrance to the gorge is imposing. The rocks, here about 
 420' high , approach each other so closely at every turn , that the gorge 
 almost resembles a huge vaulted cavern. Where the path crosses the 
 Trient for the second time, the stream is said to be 40' deep; at the end 
 of the gallery it forms a waterfall, 30' high. The gorge (inacces.sible farther 
 up) is 71/2 M. long, extending almost to the Hotel de la Tete-Xoire (p. 273), 
 from which its entrance is visible. 
 
 To the left of the entrance to the Gorges a path ascends to the (25 min.) 
 *'H6tel des Alpes at Gueuroz (2205'), commanding a beautiful view of the 
 Rhone valley, the Grand Combin, Dent de Morcles , etc. (Hence to the 
 Tete-Noire, see p. 274.) 
 
 Near Martigny, at the right angle which the Rhone valley here
 
 238 IV. Route 66. MARTIGNY. 
 
 forms , on a hill to the right, stands La Batiaz (1985'), a castle of 
 the bishops of Sion, erected in 1260, and dismantled in 1518, The 
 tower (ascent from the Drance "bridge in ^4 hr., adm. 30 c.) com- 
 mands a splendid view of the Rhone Valley and its environs. — The 
 train crosses the Drance (p. 287). 
 
 81 M. Martigny. — *H6tel Cleec, e., l., & A. 41/2, D. 5 fr.; 
 *HoTEL Du MoxTBLANC, E., L., & A. 31/2-4V2, D- 4fr. ; — AiGLE , second 
 class, well spoken of, E. 11/2-2 fr. ; Grand St. Berxaed, Hotel-Eestaurant 
 DE la Gare (mediocre), the two last at the station, V2 M. from the town. 
 
 Martigny- Ville (1560'; pop. 1552), the Roman Octodurus, is a 
 busy little town in summer, being the starting-point of the routes 
 over the Great St. Bernard to Aosta (R. 78), over the Tete-Noire and 
 Col de Balme (RR. 74, 75) to Chamonix, and for the Yal de Bagnes 
 (R. 79). In the market-place , which is planted with trees , is a 
 bronze bust of Liberty by Courbet. A large Roman building has re- 
 cently been excavated at Martigny. — Above Martigny, on the road 
 to the Great St. Bernard, lies (1 M.) Martigny -Bourg (Trois Couron- 
 nes, good 'Coquempey' wine), the vineyards of which yield excellent 
 wine {Coquempey and Lamarque, both known to the Romans). 
 
 Excursions. Xear Branson, on the right hank of the Ehone, 3 BI. to 
 the N.E. of Martigny, is the rocky hill of Les FoUaterres, famed for its flora. 
 
 Ascent of the Arpille (6830'; 4-5 hrs., with guide). The hridle-path 
 ascends heyond La Batiaz (p. 237) through vineyards to the hamlet of 
 Sommef des Vignes; then past the hamlets of Ravoire, through wood, to 
 the chalets of Arpille (5965') and the summit. Superb view. Descent to 
 the S., through wood, in 1 hr. to the Col de la Forclaz (p. 273). 
 
 The =■ Pierre- a-Voir (8123'), a peak of the limestone range which separates 
 the Ehone Valley from the valley of the Drance, is ascended from Mar- 
 tigny, the Baths of Saxon (p. 295), Semhrancher (p. 288), or Chahle (p. 293). 
 From Martigny a bridle-path, 6 hrs. (guide 8, mule 10 fr.). From the Coly 
 1/4 hr. below the summit, the descent to Saxon may be made rapidly, but 
 'not very pleasantly on a sledge in I-IV2 hr., or on foot in 3 hours. Beauti- 
 ful view of the Valaisian and Bernese Alps, of the Ehone, Entremont, and 
 Bagnes valleys, and the glacier of Gietroz (p. 294). 
 
 ''Gorges du Durnant (3-4 hrs. from Martigny, there and back), see p. 287. 
 
 67. From Saanen to Aigle over the Col de Pillon. 
 
 82 31. Diligence from Saanen to Aigle daily in 9^/3 hrs, (from Aigle to 
 Saanen 8 hrs.) ; 11 fr. 15, banquette 14 fr. 95 c. From Saanen to Gsteig 
 8 M. ; Ormont-Dessus 9 M. ; Sepey 71/2 M. 5 Aigle 71/2 M. One-horse carr. 
 from Saanen to Gsteig 8, two-horse 15 fr., to Ormont-Dessus 20 and 38, to 
 Aigle 40 and 70 fr. and fee ; from Thun, see p. 142. 
 
 Saanen (3382'), p. 192. The road leads to the S. through the 
 broad and smiling Gsteig- Thai to Ebnit and (i^/^ M.) Gstad (3455'; 
 Bdr')^ at the mouth of the Lauenenthal. 
 
 A road ascends on the right bank of the Lauibach, crossing the Tur- 
 hach after 1/2 M., to (4 M.) Lauenen (4130'; Bar, rustic), the chief place 
 in the valley, beautifullj' situated. The picturesque Lauenen-See (4557'). 
 1 hr. higher up, is best surveyed from the Biihl, a hill on the E. side. 
 To the S. the brooks descending from the Gelten and Dungel glaciers form 
 fine waterfalls on both sides of the Eahnenschritthorn (9304'). — From Laue- 
 nen to Lenk over the Triittlisherg, and to Gsteig by the Krinnen, see p. 189. 
 Over the Gelten Pass (Col du Brozet, 9270') to Sion, to Zanfleuron (p. 239) 
 8 hrs., with guide, toilsome. — The Wildhorn Club-hut (p. i89) is reached 
 in 5 hrs. from Lauenen.
 
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 T
 
 ORMONT-DESSUS. IV. Route 67. 2^9 
 
 Gsteig, Fr. Chdtelet (3937'; Ours, pens. 5-6 fr.), 61/4 M. from 
 Gstad, is finely situated. To the S. rise the Sanetschhorn (9665'J 
 and the Oldenhorn (10,250'). 
 
 To Sio:i OVER THE Sanetscii, 8'/2 brs., attractive on the whole (guide 
 13, horse 25 fr. ■, experts may dispense with a guide in fine weather). The 
 path crosses the Sarine, and ascends steeply through pastures, and after- 
 wards in windings partly hewn in the rock, through the Rothengrdben^ 
 to the (2V2 hrs.) dreary Kreitzhoden (6565'); thence 1 hr. to the pass of the 
 Sanetsch (7287'), on this side of which there is a cross (La Grande Croix). 
 Descent (passing the large Zavjleuron Glacier on the right) to the (V2 hr.) 
 Alp Zanfleuron (6775'; Hot. Sanetsch, plain), with fine view of the Alps of 
 theValais, whence the OWen/jor» fsee below) may be ascended in 4 hrs., the 
 Wildhorn (p. 189) in 4>/2 hrs., the Sanetschhorn, or Monthrun (9665') in 5 hrs., 
 and the Diablerei (see below) in 6 hrs. (ascent of the latter easiest from this 
 side). The Huhlage (8973'), 21/2 hrs. from the hotel, affords a magnificent 
 view of the valleys and mountains of the S. Valais as far as Mont Blanc. 
 Then by a winding path down to the Alp Glarij (4920*) and through the 
 wild ravine of the Morge to the bold Pont Neuf, whence a road leads to 
 (3 hrs.) Chandolin, and by Granois and Ortnona to (IV2 hr.) Sion (p. 296). 
 Ascent from Sion to the pass 6, descent thence to Gsteig 3 hrs. 
 
 The new road here turns to the S.W., and ascends the valley of 
 the Reuschbach through woods and pastures, in view of the preci- 
 pices of the Oldenhorn (see below) and the ^€x- Rouge (9767'), to 
 (5 M.) the Col de Pillon (5085'), at the S. foot of the Palette (see 
 below). In descending (passing the Cascade du Dard, above us on 
 the left) we soon obtain a view of a valley bounded by fine wooded 
 mountains, and thickly studded with houses and chalets known col- 
 lectively asOrmont-Dessus. To the left is the rocky Creuxde Champ, 
 the base of the Diablerets , the numerous brooks falling from which 
 form the Grande-Eau. We first reach (3 M. from the Col) Le Plan 
 (8815': *H6tel des Diablerets, with baths, R., L., & A. 31/2, -D, 4, 
 pens. 6-8 fr., opposite the post-station for Ormont-Dessus, English 
 Church Service in summer ; *Pens. Bellevue, moderate \ Pens, du 
 Moulin, Pens, du Chamois), and in 72 ^^- more, past the prettily- 
 situated *fl'd<ei Piiion, Vers I'Eglise (3650'; Pens. Mon Sejour; 
 Pens. Busset; Hotel de VOurs, all unpretending), with the church 
 of the upper part of the yalley. 
 
 Excursions from Le Plan. (Guides: MoUien, V. Gottraut, Fr. Bemet, 
 Fr. and ifoise Pichard.) To the Creux de Champ (4275'), a grand rocky 
 basin at the N. base of the Diablerets, with waterfalls on every side, 
 IV2 hr. (to the foot of the largest fall). A good survey of the Creux de 
 Champ, the Oldenhorn, etc., is obtained from La Layaz (5340'), iVi' br. S. of 
 Plan. — Ascent of the *Palette (7133'; guide 5, horse 12 fr.), easy as far as 
 the (21/4 hrs.) chalets of Isenaux; thence, without path, and rather rough, 
 3/4 lir. more to the top; view of the Bernese Alps from the Diablerets to 
 the Jungfrau and of the Dent du Midi to the S.W. ; at the N. base of the 
 mountain lies the pretty Arnen-See. Or we may ascend from the Col de 
 Pillon in 1V2-2 hrs., past the small Rettaii- See'. — Pointe de Meilleret 
 (6404'), 21/2 hrs. from Vers TEglise, not difficult; view extending to 
 Mont Blanc. — Good walkers need no guide for any of these. 
 
 The Oldenhorn (10,250'), Fr. Becca d'Audon, a superb point of view, is as- 
 cended from Gsteig (7 hrs.), or from Le Plan (8 hrs.; guide 15 fr.). A 
 steady head and sure foot necessary. Travellers from Ormont spend the 
 night in the chalet of Pillon; those from Gsteig on the Upper Oldenalp. 
 
 The Diableret (10,650'; 7 hrs.; guide 18 fr.), from the Hotel des Diab-
 
 240 IV. Route 67. LE SEPEY. 
 
 lerets, difficult. Descent over the Zanfleuron Olacier to tbe Edt. Sanetsch 
 (comp. p. 239). 
 
 To ViLLAEs (4 hrs.), ob Gbton (4V2 lirs.) by the Col de la Cboix, a 
 fine route (or over the Col de la Croix and the Chamossaire to Villars 
 6V2 hrs.); guide, 6 fr., not indispensable. From the Hotel des Diablerets we 
 ascend the valley of the Grande-Eau for I1/4 M,, and then enter a lateral 
 valley by a bridle-path to the right (S.W.). After a somewhat steep ascent 
 of 13/4 hr., with almost uninterrupted views of the Diablerets, we reach 
 the Col de la Croix (5687'), 5 min. N. of the hamlet of La Croix. View lim- 
 ited. (Travellers who do not ascend the Chamossaire should at least 
 mount the pastures to the right of the Col de la Croix for 1/2 hr. in order 
 to obtain a fine view of Mont Blanc.) The path descends on the right 
 bank of the Gryonne, and after IV4 hr. divides : to the left to Arveye 10 min. ; 
 to the right to Villare 20 min. (p. 235). — The path to Gryon descends to 
 the left a little above Arveye , crosses the brook , and reaches Gryon in 
 40 min. (p. 243). This route is preferable to a path to Gryon which crosses 
 the Gryonne 1/^ ^r- from the pass and follows the left bank. 
 
 Adjoining Ormont-DessTis are the houses of the lower part of the 
 valley, known as Ormont-Dessous. About 41/2 M. from Vers I'Eglise 
 the road joins that from Chateau d'Oex (p. 242); to the S. appears 
 the Dent du Midi. IV2 M. Le Sepey (3704' ; Hot. des Alpes; Mont 
 d'Or^ well spoken of; Cerf, moderate; one-horse cart, to Plan 8fr., 
 and fee of 2fr.), the chief village in the lower part of the valley. The 
 clock here strikes each hour a second time after a minute's interval. 
 
 ExGUESioNS. Pic de Chaussy (7798'), 4'y'2 hrs., not difficult (comp. p. 243). 
 — Ascent of the "Chamossaire via Bretaye (3V2-4 hrs.), and descent to Villars 
 (IV2 hr.), see p. 235. — A road, with fine views, leads from Sepey by Les 
 Cretes to^ the lofty village of (21/2 M.) Leysin (4150'; -Grand Ed'tel de 
 Leysin., GaC above the village, in a sheltered situation, with splendid view 
 towards the S., 120 R., pens. incl. R. 8-15 fr. ; 'Hdtel du Mont- Blanc, pens, 
 from 6 fr. ; 'Pens. Cullaz., in the village). Pretty new walks near the hotel ; 
 excursions to {}ji hr.) Prafondaz, with view of the Lake of Geneva, and 
 to the Lac d''Ai. on the Tour d'Ai (2V2 hrs., fatiguing). From Leysin to 
 Aigle a good path, mostlv through wood (lY2hr., ascent 21/2-3 hrs.). — 
 Footpath to (IV2 hr.) Corbeyrier (p. 235). 
 
 The road turns suddenly to the S.W. in a fine wooded valley. 
 Far below, the Grande-Eau forms several falls ; to the left rises the 
 Chamossaire (p. 235). Near Aigle we cross the Grande-Eau. 
 
 Aigle, 7 M. from Sepey, see p. 234. 
 
 68. From BuUe to Chateau d'(Ex and Aigle. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 222, 238. 
 
 4IV2 M. Diligence thrice daily to (17 M.) Chateau d'CEx in 31/2 brs. 
 (5 fr. 70 c); thence to (21V2 M.) Aigle daily in 51/3 hrs. (8 fr. 90 c). — Car- 
 riage and pair from Bulle to Aigle in 7 hrs., 75-80 fr. 
 
 Bulle (2487' ; pop. 2797 ; '^Hot. des Alpes, near the station, R; 2, 
 B. 1, D. 2V2 fr. ; ^IJnion ; Cheval Blanc; *H6tel de la Ville or Poste), 
 a busy little town, the chief place of the Gruyere and the centre of 
 the Freiburg dairy-farming district, is the terminus of the Romont 
 and Bulle railway (p. 206). The environs consist of rich pasture- 
 land, famed for Gruyere cheese and the melodious 'ranz des vaches'. 
 The natives speak a Romanic dialect, known as 'Gruerien'. 
 
 On the slopes of the Moleson, 2 M. to the S. (carriage in 20 min. lie 
 the sulphur-batha of Montbarry (2712'; -Edt. Montbarry, pens. 5-6 fr.;
 
 MONTBOVON. IV. Route 68, 241 
 
 ^Hdt.-Pens. du MoUson)^ commanding a charming view. Ascent of the Mole- 
 son hence, 3-3V2 hrs. 
 
 Ascent of the Mol^son from Bdlle, 4 hrs.; guide (8 fr.) unnecessary 
 for the experienced. We follow the Chatel St. Denis road (see below) for 
 s/4 M., and diverge to the left by a saw-mill. The path gradually as- 
 cends by the brook La Trtme^ which it crosses by a (2<J min.) mill, to the 
 (V2 hr.) red-roofed buildings of Part-Dieu, formerly a Carthusian monastery 
 (3133'), and leads along the W. slope (guide-posts) of the mountain, cross- 
 ing several brooks. We pass (1/2 hr.) the Grot-Chalet-Neuf ; (Ihr.) Grot-Pla- 
 nay (4855'; a rustic inn in a large pasture); (3/4 hr.) the chalet of Bonne 
 Fontaine (5945'). Thence by a steep path to the summit in 1/2 hr. more. 
 
 The 'Moleson (6578'), the Rigi of W. Switzerland, is a bold rock, preci- 
 pitous on every side, surrounded with meadows and forests, which afford 
 an excellent field for the botanist. The view embraces the Lake of Geneva, 
 the Mts. of Savoy, the Dent d'Oche and Dent duMidi, and stretches to the 
 Mont Blanc chain, of which the summit and the Aiguille Verte and Aiguille 
 d'Argentiere are visible. To the left of the latter, nearer the foreground, 
 rises the Dent de Morcles, the first peak of a chain which culminates 
 in the Diablerets in the centre, and extends to the heights of Gruyere 
 at our feet. The only visible peak of the Valaisian Alps is the Grand 
 Combin, to the left of the Mont Blanc group. Most of the Bernese Alps 
 are also concealed. To the extreme left, the Titlis. To the W. the Jura. 
 
 Ascent of the Mol^son from Albeuve (see below; 3i/2-4 hrs.). On 
 the outskirts of the village the path crosses to the left bank of the brook, 
 traverses pastures, enters a picturesque ravine, and follows a well-shaded 
 slope to a small chapel and a saw-mill. Here we cross the stream, re- 
 cross it at a charcoal-kiln , 1/2 hr. farther , and reach (5 min.) the first 
 chalet. Towards the N.N.E. the ridge separating the Moleson from the 
 Little Mole'son is now visible. The path continues traceable to the vicinity 
 of the highest chalet , which we leave on the left. Thence a somewhat 
 fatiguing climb of I1/4 hr. to the arete, which is easily found, though 
 there is no path, and to the summit, which rises before us, in 10 min. more. 
 
 From BuUe through the Jaunlhal to BoUigen in the Simmenthal, see 
 p. 192. (Diligence in summer daily in G'A hrs.) — From Bulle diligence 
 every afternoon, bv Vuadens , Vaulruz (Hot. de la Ville), and Semsales, 
 to (2V2 hrs.) Chatel St. Denis C^GTO' ; E6t. de la Ville) , a small town 
 prettily situated on the Veveiise. (The Moleson may be ascended hence, by 
 the Alp Tremettaz , in 4 hrs.) From Chatel St. Denis a diligence plies 
 thrice a day in 50 min. to the railway-station of PaUzieux (p. 206) ; another 
 runs every morning in 1 hr. 40 min. to Vevey (p. 228). 
 
 The road from Bulle to Chateau-d'CEx leads past {^j^ M.) La 
 Tour de Treme, with its picturesque old tower, to (^172 M.) 
 Epagny (_2390'; Croix Blanche ; one-horse carr. to Montbovon 7fr.). 
 On a steep rocky hill to the right lies the old town of Gruyeres 
 (2723' ; *Fleur de Lys, plain"), with a well-preserved old castle of 
 the once powerful Counts of Gruyeres, who became extinct in the 
 16th cent. , flanked with massive towers and walls, and now con- 
 taining frescoes, a collection of old weapons, etc. (fee to attendant). 
 
 We enter the pretty valley of the Sarine, or Saane. At (IV2 ^0 
 Enney (2410') we observe the tooth-like Dent de Corjeon (6460') 
 in the background; on the right are Les Vadalles (pIQl'^ , spurs 
 of the Moleson. At the mouth of a ravine opposite (2V4 M.) Vil- 
 lard-sous- Mont lies the large village of Grmid- Villard (Hotel-Pens.). 
 Passing iVeiriuue, we next reach (IM.) Albeuve (2487'; *Ange, mod- 
 erate; ascent of the Mole'son, see above), cross the Hongrin (below, 
 to the left, is a picturesque old bridge), and arrive at (3 M.) Mont- 
 bovon (2608'; *H6t.-Pens. duJaman, moderate; horses and guides). 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland, loth Edition. 1(3
 
 242 IV. Route 68. CHATEAU-D'OEX. 
 
 From Montbovon ovee the Jaman to Montreux (6 hrs.), guide Tin- 
 necessary (8 fr.); horse to the top of the pass 15, to Les Avants 20, to 
 Montreux 25 fr. A most attractive walk ; but the pass should be reached 
 as early as possible, as the midday mists are apt to conceal the lake from 
 view. — From the hotel we follow the road for 30 paces, and then ascend 
 to the right; 25 min., we turn to the right by a house: 35 min., bridge 
 over the Hongrin; 1/4 hr., church of the scattered village of Allieres; V* hr., 
 Gi'oix Noire inn. (A direct route from Albeuve to this point follows the 
 Montbovon road for 1/2 M., and diverges to the right by a path to Sciernes 
 and Allieres, 1^/4 hr. ; beyond Sciernes we take the path descending a little 
 to the left.) 
 
 The path now ascends gradually to the foot of the pass, then more 
 rapidly over green pastures (not too much to the left), to the chalets of 
 the Plan de Jaman., a little beyond the boundary between cantons Freiburg 
 and Vaud, and the (IV2 hr.) *Col de la Dent de Jaman (4974'). A most 
 beautiful prospect is suddenly disclosed here, embracing the Rochers de 
 Naye and the entire range to the S. as far as the Tour d'Ai, and to the 
 !N. as far as the Dent de Lys and the Molesonj also the rich Canton de 
 Vaud, the S. part of the Jura chain, the long range of the Savoy Alps, 
 the E. angle of the Lake of Geneva, and the huge Valaisian Mts. to the 
 S. From the Dent de Jaman (6165'; fatiguing ascent of IV4 hr. from the 
 Col) the view is still more extensive (descent to station Jaman of the 
 Glion and Naye railway, see p. 232). — The -'Rochers de Naye (p. 232) may 
 be reached from the col in 2hr3. 
 
 From the pass to Montreux the path cannot be mistaken; 12 min. 
 from the chalets it turns to the right (the path to the left, skirting the E. 
 slope of the Bale, or brook of Montreux, being shorter but rough); 25 min., 
 a bridge over the brook; then a slight descent by easy paths to the left 
 at the division of the roads, to (V2 hr.) Les Avants (3230'; p. 232). A road 
 descends the W. slope of the valley. Where it trends to the W., 2 M. from 
 Les Avants, at the beginning of the region of fruit-trees, we descend by a 
 paved path to the left to (10 min.) Sonzier., and then rapidly to the left 
 again to (V2 hr.) Montr eux-Vernex (p. 231). 
 
 The valley of the Sarine now turns to the E., and we enter a 
 wooded ravine, the stream flowing far helow in a deep rocky chan- 
 nel. In a wider part of the valley lies (21/4 M.) La Tine (Inn), with 
 beautiful meadows. Farther on {^'^j-i M.), on the opposite hank, is 
 the pretty village of Rossiniere {^ Hot. -Pens. Grand-Chalet, 5-6 fr.; 
 Pens, de la Tour; Eng. Ch. Serv. in summer). kx{i^l<T,^.')LesMou- 
 lins, the road to Aigle diverges to the right (see helow). We cross the 
 Sarine by the (2/4 M.) bridge of Le Pre, and ascend to (1 M.) — 
 
 18 M. ChS.teaU-d'(Ex. — *H6t. Berthod, in an open situation, R., 
 L., & A. 3, D 3 fr., patronized by English visitors; *Ours, in the village, 
 R., L., & A. 2V2-3V2 fr.; H. de Ville ; *Pens. Rosat, Bkicod, de la Che- 
 NEAD, Martin, du Midi, Morier-Rosat, etc., pens, from 5 fr. — Turrian, 
 confectioner, ices, also a few rooms, opposite Berthod. — English Church 
 Service in summer. 
 
 Chdteau-d'Oex, Ger. Oesch (3498'; pop. 2691), is a scattered 
 village and summer resort in a green valley. The church, situated 
 on a hill, commands a good view. To the E. rise the jagged Rubli- 
 horn (7570') and the Oumfluh (8068'). 
 
 *Mont Cray (6795'), may be ascended from Chateau -d'CEx in 3 hrs. 
 (guide desirable). The view embraces the Bernese and Valaisian Alps as 
 far as Mont Blanc, and the lakes of Bienne and Neuchatel to the N. 
 
 From Chateau-d'Oex to (2V2 hrs.) Saanen, see p. 192, 
 
 From Chatbau-d'CEx to Aigle (23 M. ; diligence daily in 
 51/3 hrs.). The road diverges from the Bulle road at (1^/4 M.) Les
 
 GRYON. IV. Route 69. 243 
 
 Moulins (p. 242) to the left, and ascends the valley of the Tour- 
 neresse (Vallee de VEtivaz) in long windings. (Walkers follow 
 the old road, diverging at Le Pre., just beyond the Sarine bridge.) 
 The road runs high above the valley, affording picturesque views of 
 the profound rocky bed of the brook. At (3'/4 ^J-) Au-Devant the 
 road enters a more open tract, and its continuation is seen on the 
 mountain to the right, but it remains in the valley as far as (2 M.) 
 VEtivaz (3865'), where it turns and quits the ravine. (Pedestrians 
 avoid this long bend by a rough, stony path ascending to the right 
 by a saw-mill in the valley, and rejoining the road considerably 
 higher up.) From Etivaz (5 min. farther up, the *.ffof. des Bains, 
 with sulphureous springs) to the top of the hill (5070') 2 M.; then a 
 slight descent to (2/4 M.) La Lecherette (4520'; Inn). We next 
 reach (I74 M.) Les Mosses (Inn), where we have a splendid view 
 of the Dent du Midi. The road now descends the valley of the Ra- 
 verette to (2'/4 M.) La Comballaz (4476'; *Couronne, pens. 9 fr.), 
 charmingly situated , and much frequented for its mineral spring 
 and its pure air. {Pic de Chaussy., 7798', an easy ascent of 3 hrs.; 
 see p. 240.) Beyond this the road overlooks a very picturesque 
 basin, with the Diablerets and Oldenhorn in the background, and 
 winds down to (3 M.) Le Sepey (p. 240) and (7 M.) Aigle (p. 234). 
 
 69. From Bex to Sion. Pas de Cheville. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 238. 
 
 12 hrs. From Bex to Gryon 7 M. (diligence daily in 31/2 hrs., 2 fr. 
 90 c; one-horse carr. 12 fr., descent 8fr.); then a bridle-path. Guide to 
 Aven desirable (P. L. Amiguef, P. F. Broyon, and 0. F. and Henri Aulet 
 at Gryon: a guide may generally be found at Anzeindaz also; from Gryon 
 to Sion 12 fr.). Horse 20 fr. — This route, cutting off the right angle formed 
 by the Rhone Valley at Martigny, presents an almost continuous series of 
 wild rocky landscapes, especially on the Valais (S.) side, and commands the 
 Rhone Valley towards the end of the journey. 
 
 Bex., p. 235. The road leads to the N. to Bevieux (p. 236), crosses 
 the Avangon, and ascends in zigzags (which the old path cuts off), 
 passing the villages of La Chene, Fenalet, and Aux Posses. Fine 
 view of the Dent du Midi (p. 247). Near Gryon we obtain to the 
 right a pleasing glimpse of the village of Frenieres and the falls of a 
 branch of the Avan^on, descending from the Valle'e des Plans (p. 236). 
 
 7M. Gryon (3632'; Pens. Saussaz; Pens. Morel, pens, at both 
 4Y2-5fr.) is a considerable village in a picturesque situation (to Villars 
 and Ormont-Dessus, see p. 240). 
 
 Bridle Path. By the (10 min.) last house of Gryon we follow 
 the path to the right, in view of the four peaks of the Diablerets, 
 and skirt their steep S. slopes in the valley of the Avan^on. 
 On the right rise the Argentine (7985') and the Grand Maveran 
 (10,043'). Above the (1 hr.) chalets oi Sergnement(A'2A6') we cross 
 the Avan^on, and for a short distance traverse a pine-forest on 
 the abrupt limestone slopes of the Argentine, which glitter like silver 
 in the sunshine. Crossing the Avan^on again, and passing the 
 
 16*
 
 244 JV. Route 69. PAS DE CHEVILLE. 
 
 (3/4 hi.) chalets of Solalex (4810'), we ascend a stony slope in a long 
 curve , and next reach the chalets of (1 Yi^^-) Anzeindaz (6220' ; Inn 
 with 9 beds, open from the middle of July to Sept. only). To the 
 S. lies the Glacier de Paneyrossaz, descending from the Tete d. Pierre 
 Grcpf (9545'), adjoined on the E. by the Tete du Gros- Jean (8567'). 
 To the N. rise the rugged and riven limestone cliffs and peaks of 
 the Diablerets (highest peak 10,650' ; ascent from this side difficult 
 and dizzy ; experts take 4 hrs. from Anzeindaz; comp. p.239). Our 
 path now ascends gradually, to (2/4 hr.) the Pas de Cheville 
 (6720'). In the distance to the E. are the Alps of Valais, over which 
 towers the Weisshorn. The path now descends to the left, round 
 the mountain, where a wall and gate mark the frontier of Valais, 
 and over steep and stony slopes, past a waterfall, to the (1/2 l^^O 
 Chalets de Cheville (5710'). Here we cross the brook, follow the slope 
 to the right, and then descend in zigzags, passing the chalets of Der- 
 borence (5213'), to (V2 lir.) the Lac de Derborence (4698'), in a 
 gloomy basin formed by a fall of rocks from the Diablerets in 1749. 
 To the left, high above us, lies the large Zanfleuron Glacier (p. 239). 
 
 We skirt the S. side of the lake, then cross (3/4 hr.) the Lizerne, 
 follow the left bank, and, passing the chalets of Besson (4370'), 
 descend into the Val de Triquent, and skirt a wooded slope descend- 
 ing steeply from the E. into the profound gorge of the Lizerne. 
 The path, for the most part protected by a low stone wall, and quite 
 safe, except that at certain times it is exposed to showers of stones, 
 gradually descends to (1^/4 hr.) the Chapelle St. Bernard (3530'), at 
 the end of the Lizerne gorge, where an extensive view of the Rhone 
 Valley is suddenly disclosed. We now descend to the left to (20 min.) 
 Aven, surrounded by fruit-trees, follow the slope to (20 min.) Erde 
 and (25 min.) St. Severin, a thriving village belonging to Conthey, 
 one of the chief wine-growing villages in the Rhone Valley , which 
 extends to the (II/2 M-) bridge over the Morge. From this point by 
 the high-road to (2^/4 M.) Sion, see p. 296. Instead of following 
 the dusty road , we may cross the vine-clad hill of Muraz from St. 
 Severin by a path commanding a fine view. 
 
 A shorter route (shady in the afternoon) on the right bank of the 
 Lizerne diverges to the right 5 min. before the Lizerne bridge (see above). 
 It crosses debris at first, and is not easy to trace. Beyond the (10 min.) 
 chalets of Motielon, we ascend to the right and pass above the chalets 
 of Servaplana (4075'; milk) to (1 hr.) those of UAireUe. Then nearly 
 level, with fine views of the Rhone Valley, lastly a zigzag descent to 
 (IVzhr.) Ardon (Hotel du Pont), 1/2 M. from the station of that name (p. 296). 
 
 70. From Geneva to St. Maurice via Bouveret. 
 Lake of Geneva {South Bank). Val d'llliez, 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 222., 258. 
 Steamboat to Bouveret along the S. Bank 3 times daily, in 41/2-5 hrs. 
 (fare 6 or 3 fr.). Stations : Colognp, La Belotte, Bellerive, Corsier, Anih-es, 
 Hermance, Tougues-Douvaine, Nernier., Yvofre, Sciez., Anthy-Sichex., Tfionon, 
 Amphion, and Evian. — Railway via Annemasse to (42 M.) Bouveret in 
 2V2 hrs. (fares 8 fr. 30, 6 fr. 25, 4 fr. 55 c. ; comp. p. 252).
 
 THONON. IV. Route 70. 245 
 
 Geneva, see p. 209. On leaving the quay the steamer affords a 
 fine retrospect of the town with its numerous villas. It touches at 
 Cologny (the village lying on the hill above, p. 221), La Belotte (for 
 Vesenaz, p. 221), Bellerive (for Collonge, a little inland), Corsier, 
 and Ameres. At Hcrmance (*Pens. Sinai; *Pens. Gillet, ofr. ; Pens, 
 du Colombier) the brook of that name falls into the lake, forming 
 the boundary between the Canton of Geneva and Savoy (France). 
 Then Tongues and Nernier, opposite which Nyon (p. 223) is con- 
 spicuous on the N. bank. 
 
 Beyond Yvoire with its ancient castle, situated on a promontory, 
 the lake suddenly expands to its greatest width ((SY4 M.). The N. 
 bank is now so distant that its villages are only distinguished in 
 clear weather. A large bay opens to the S., in which lies Excenevrex. 
 The Savoy Mts. become more conspicuous. The next stations are 
 Sciez and Anthy-Sechex. 
 
 Thonon (1400'; pop. 5500; ^' Hotel de France, at the station; 
 Hotel de VEurope, on the terrace; Hotel du Midi; Balance; Ville de 
 Geneve^, rising picturesquely from the lake, the ancient capital of 
 the province of Chablais , possesses handsome buildings and a lofty 
 terrace in the upper town, the site of a palace of the Dukes of Savoy 
 which was destroyed by the Bernese in 1536. (Cable-tramway from 
 the steamboat-quay in II/2 min.) 
 
 Railway to Bellegarde, see p. 252. — To the S. of Thonon (3 M.) is 
 the village of Les Allinges, commanded by a ruined castle (ascent 1/2 hr.; 
 fine view). 
 
 From Thonon a road ascends the pretty "Valley of the Srance by 
 Le Biot and St. Jean d'Atilph (with ruins of a monastery) to (20 M.) a bridge 
 which crosses the Drance opposite to 3fontriond, hevond which the road 
 divides. The road to the right leads by Les Gets (3645') to (10 M.) Tan- 
 inges (p. 262); that to the left to (3 M.) Morzine (Hotel des Alpes). From 
 Mor/ine over the Col de Jouplane or the Col de la OoUse to (4 hrs.) Sa- 
 moens, see p. 2G2; over the Col de Coux to (S'/zhrs.) Champiry, see p. 248; 
 to the Baths of Morgin, see p. 247. 
 
 The steamer next passes the ancient chateau of Ripaille, on the 
 lake, a little to theN. of Thonon, once the seat of Duke Victor Ama- 
 deus Yin. of Savoy. The long promontory round which the vessel 
 now steers has been formed by the deposits of the Drance, which 
 falls into the lake here. To the E. in the bay lie the baths oiAmphion 
 (Gr. Hot. des Bains), with a chalybeate spring, in a chestnxit-grove. 
 
 "We next touch at Evian-les-Bains (^Grand Hotel des Bains, 
 above the town; *Grand-H6t. d'Evian, with garden on the lake, 
 high charges, K., L., & A. from 4'/2j I^' 5 fr-J ^<5<. de Fonbonne, 
 on the lake; Hot. de France; Hotel des Strangers; Hut. du Nord; 
 Restaurants at the Casino and Chateau Gothique, dear), a small town 
 picturesquely situated (2913 inhab.), with a conspicuous church- 
 tower. In the centre of the town is the Bath-house (water containing 
 bicarbonate of soda), the terraced garden behind which affords a 
 beautiful view. At the end of the pleasant lake promenade is the 
 Casino, with a theatre and a garden on the lake. — Railway to 
 Bouveret and Bellegarde, p. 252.
 
 246 IV. Route 70. BOTJS'ERET. From Geneva 
 
 On the lake, near station Tourronde-Lugrin, is the old chateau of 
 Blonay with a park. Opposite lies Lausanne (p. 225), picturesquely 
 situated on the hill-side; more to the right is visible the lofty 
 Paudeze viaduct, on the Freiburg Railway (p. 206). The hills of the 
 S. bank, which the boat now skirts , become steeper and higher. 
 In a romantic situation close to the lake is Meillerie, where, in 
 Rousseau's 'Nouvelle Heloise', St. Preux takes shelter at the house 
 of Mme. Volmar. It was accessible from the lake only, until Napoleon I. 
 made the Simplon road through the rocks. The railway is here car- 
 ried through a tunnel. Beautiful view near Les Vallettes. 
 
 St. Gingolph (^Hotel Suisse; Lion d'Or), on a promontory 
 opposite Vevey (p. 228), belongs half to Savoy, and half to Valais, 
 the boundary being the Morge , which flows through a deep ravine. 
 The grotto of Viviers, vnth its springs, may be visited by boat. 
 
 Interesting excursion, witli fine views, up the ravine of the Morge and 
 across the mountain to Port Valais (see below). We may extend our walk 
 on the left bank of the Morge to (1V4 hr.) JVovel (two poor inns), ascend 
 the Blanchard (4642'; with guide, 13/4 hr. ; milk etc. to be had in a chalet 
 near the top), and return by the right bank of the Morge through beautiful 
 forest to St. Gingolph. — Ascent of the Dent d'Oche (7300') from Novel, 
 interesting, 4-5 hrs. (with guide): the (rrammowi (7145') 4 hrs. (with guide), 
 also interesting. — To the E. of Novel a tolerable bridle-path leads round 
 the W. and S. sides of the Grammont, and past the lakes of Lovenex and 
 Taney, in 4V2 hrs. to Vouvry (gee below). 
 
 Bouveret {Tour; Restaurant Chalet de la Foret^ with extensive 
 grounds) lies at the S.E. end of the Lake of Geneva, ^/4 M. to 
 the S.W. of the mouth of the Rhone, which has converted the ad- 
 joining land into a marsh. Its impetuous current, called ia J5af- 
 tagliere , may be traced for upwards of 1 M. in the lake. — Rail- 
 way to Annemasse and Geneva and to Bellegarde, see p. 252. 
 
 The Railway enters the Rhone Valley to the S.E. and follows 
 the left bank. At the foot of a rocky hill to the right lies Port 
 Valais, the Partus Vallesiae of the Romans, once on the lake, but 
 now 11/2 M. inland. Near the defile of La Porte du Sex (1290'), 
 which was anciently fortified, and formed the key to Canton Yalais 
 in this direction, the rock approaches so near the river as scarcely 
 to leave room for the road. A wooden bridge crosses to Chessel on 
 the right bank. To the right rises the Dent du Midi [p. 247). 
 
 4 M. Vouvry (Poste), on the right, is the first station ; beauti- 
 ful view by the church (3 M. from the station of Roche, see p. 234). 
 The Rhone is joined here by the Stockalper Canal, begun a century 
 ago by a family of that name, but never finished. 
 
 The ascent of the *Grammont (7145'; 5 hrs. ; guide not necessary for 
 adepts) from Vouvry is very attractive and not difficult. A bridle-path 
 (see above ; horses at Vouvry) ascends via 3fiex to (S'/z hrs.) Taney (rustic 
 inn), at the W. end of iac Taney; thence in I72 hr. to the summit, which 
 commands a magnificent view, ranging from Mont Blanc tn the Matterhorn 
 and the Jungfrau and over the Lake of Geneva. Steep descent to Novel 
 (for adepts only, with guide), see above. 
 
 The *Cornettes de Bise (8005' ; 6 hrs. ; guide not indispensable) may 
 also be ascended without difficulty from Vouvry. The route ascends via 
 Miex (see above) to the (3i/2-4 hrs j Col de Vernaz, then crosses the ridge
 
 to St. Maurice. VAL D'lLLIEZ. IV. Route 70. 247 
 
 to the 0/4 lir-) chalet of La Challaz (hay-bed), about 1/2 hr. below the top, 
 which commands a magnificent view. The descent may be made (with 
 guide) to Lovenex or Taney (p. 246), or (without guide) to La Chapelle, 
 whence we may descend by a good road to the right to (5 hrs) Evian, or 
 ascend to the left via Chdtel and the Pas de Morgin to (2V2-3 hrs.) Margin 
 (see below). 
 
 To the right are the villages of Vionnaz and Muraz at the foot 
 of the hills. Opposite the former lies Yvorne (p. 234"), to the 
 right of which rise the Diablerets and the Oldenhorn. We next pass 
 Colombey, with its nunnery (fine view). A suspension-bridge, 70 yds. 
 long, crosses the Rhone here to Ollon-St. Triphon (p. 235). 
 
 10 M. Monthey (1380' ; *Croix d'Or; *Cerf, both moderate), with 
 an old chateau and glass-works. In a chestnut-grove (guide advi- 
 sable) 20 min. above it, among a number of boulders, is the huge 
 Pierre-a-dzo, balanced on a point not exceeding a few square inches 
 in area. 
 
 To the S.W. of Monthey opens the *Val d'llliez, about 15 M. in length, 
 remarkable for its fresh green pastures, pictxiresque scenery, and stalwart 
 inhabitants. (Diligence from Monthey in summer twice daily in S'Ahrs., 
 
 2 fr. 90 c; one-horse carr. from Monthey to Troistorrents 6, two-horse 10, 
 to Champery 10 & 23, to Morgins 12 & 24 fr. and fee.) Near Monthey the new 
 road ascends on the left bank of the Viize through vineyards, and afterwards 
 for 2 M. through a chestnut-wood , in numerous windings (cut off by the 
 old paved bridle-path, following the telegraph posts, the beginning of which 
 had better be asked for at Monthey). Beautiful retrospect of the valley 
 of the Rhone, Bex and Aigle, the Diablerets, and the Grand Moeveran. 
 About 3/4 M. above Monthey the old path joins the road, which we now 
 follow to the left where the telegraph-wires turn in that direction, and do 
 not again quit. (The path to the right ascends to Morgin.) We next 
 reach (I1/2 M.) the prettily situated village of Troistorrents (2500'; Hotel- 
 Pens. Troistorrents), with a good fountain near the church. (Here to the 
 W. opens the Val de Mokgin, in which lie the Baths of Morgin^ 4405', 
 
 3 hrs. from Monthey ; the chalybeate water is chiefly used for drinking ; 
 *Grand Hotel, pens. 6-8 fr.) The road in the Val d'llliez gradually ascends, 
 in view of the Dent du Midi all the way, to (21'? M.) Val d'llliez (3145'; 
 Hot.-Pens. du Repos) and (2 M.) Champery (3450'; 'H6tel de la Dent du 
 Midi, R. 2, lunch 2Vj, D- 3V2, pens. 6-8 fr. ; Hotel des Alpes; *H6t.-Pens. 
 Berra; -Croix Fid^rale, R. IV2, D. 2 fr. ; Pens, du Nord)., the highest village 
 in the valley, beautifully situated. 
 
 Excursions fkom CHAMPfenY. (Guides, Maur. Caillet, the brothers 
 Grenon, Ant. Clement, E. Joris, etc.) To the (20 min.) 'Galleries, we de- 
 scend to the Vieze and cross it, passing a saw-mill, to the passage con- 
 structed along the sheer clifls opposite the village, which commands a 
 charming survey of the valley as far as Troistorrents (adm. 50 c ). — The 
 Roc d'Ayerne (1 hr.) affords a good survey of the environs. — The 'Culet(644S'; 
 3 hrs.-, guide 4 fr.) commands a splendid view, especially of the Dent du 
 Midi. We follow the path to the Col de Coux (p. 24S) for 3/4 hr., turn to 
 the right by a small shrine where the path divides, pass a large chalet 
 on the left, and another on the right, farther up ; then through pine-wood, 
 and by a narrow path to the cross on the top. Frequent opportunities of 
 asking the way. 
 
 *Dent du Midi (10,450' ; 7-8 hrs. ; guide 18, with a night at Bonaveau 20, 
 with descent to Vernayaz 24 or 26 fr.). The previous night is spent in the 
 chalets of (2 hrs.) Bonaveau (5103'; good quarters); thence by the Pas 
 d'Encel, the Col de Clusanfe, and the Col des Paresstux to the summit 
 5-6 hrs., the last 3 hrs. very fatiguing, but without danger to the sure- 
 footed. Late in summer the path is almost free from snow, and there is 
 no glacier to cross. The view of Mont Blanc and the Alps of the Valais 
 and Bern is imposing; the background to the S. is formed by the Alps of
 
 248 IV. Route 70. COL DE COUX. 
 
 Dauphin^ and Piedmont; the Lake of Geneva is visible from Villeneuve 
 to Vevey. We may descend to Salvan (53/4 trs.) ; at first a toilsome descent 
 over debris to (3V4 brs.) the meagre pastures of the upper Salanfe Alp 
 (6278'; occupied in August only) ; then across the Alp and past the pic- 
 turesque falls of the Salanfe by a steep and stony path to (IV2 hr.) Van 
 d'en haul (milk), where we cross the Salanfe. A better path now skirts 
 the S. side of the valley (affording a view of Mont Blanc as the corner of 
 the Col de la Matze is turned), and then descends to (1 hr.) Salvan. 
 
 Tour Sallieres (10,587'; 9-10 hrs., guide 30 fr.; spend night at Bona- 
 veau, see p. 247), a difficult and fatiguing ascent, crossing the Glacier du 
 Mont-Ruan. Superb view of Mont Blanc. Descent to Salvan, see p. 274. — 
 Similar view from the Dents Blanches (9100'), ascended by the Barmaz 
 Alp in 6 hrs., without danger for proficients (guide 15 fr.). 
 
 Passes. Feom Champ^et to Samoens over the Cols de Coux 
 AND DE LA GoLfesE, 6V2 hrs. ; guidc (13 fr.) unnecessary. At the (8/4 hr.) 
 small shrine mentioned on p. 247, we keep to the left, and, passing several 
 chalets and looking back on the imposing Dent du Midi, reach (2 hrs.) 
 the Col de Coux (6310'; /«»), the frontier of Switzerland and Savoy, 
 which towards the W. overlooks the valley of the Drance. The saddle to 
 the left is the Col de la Golese. In descending, partly through wood, we 
 avoid the paths leading to the right to Morzine (p. 245). On leaving the 
 wood we see the continuation of the path bearing to the left to the (IV2 hr.) 
 Col de la Golese (54S0' ; fine view). We descend past the chalets of Les 
 C/mvannes, leaving the hamlet of Les Allamans to the left, then by the 
 valley of the Giffre, to (IV4 hr.) Samoens (p. 262). A good road thence to 
 (5 M.) Sixt (p. 263). 
 
 From Champ6ry to Sixt over the Col de Sagerou, 8-9 hrs., ar- 
 duous, only for adepts (guide necessary, 18 fr.). From the Hotel de la 
 Dent du Midi, we descend by a narrow road leading towards the head of 
 the valley to a (20 min.) bridge, and beyond it, at (3 min.) the point 
 where two brooks unite to form the Viize. we cross another bridge, and 
 avoid the path to the left. After 10 min. more we take the path to the 
 left, ascending rapidly for 1 hr., and 10 min. from the top of the ascent 
 reach the Chalets de Bonaveau (p. 247); thence we ascend gradually, 
 skirting precipitous rocks, to the (40 min.) Pas d'Encel, where a little climb- 
 ing is necessary (caution required). In 1/4 hr. more the path to the Col 
 de Clusanfe diverges to the left (see below). Our route now ascends slowly 
 over the pastures of the Clusanfe Alp, on the left bank of the brook, crosses 
 the brook (1/2 hr.), and then mounts a very steep path to the (1 hr.) Col 
 de Sagerou (7917'), a sharp arete descending abruptly on both sides, be- 
 tween the (r.) Dents Blanches (see above) and (1.) 3/t. Ruan (9995'; 3 hrs. 
 from the pass; attractive). We descend thence to the (3/4 hr.) chalets of 
 Vogealles and (1/2 hr.) Borce , and along a sheer rocky slope into the 
 (V2 hr.) vallev of the Giffre. In I74 hr. we reach Na7it Bride, and in 
 11/4 hr. more Sixt (p. 263). 
 
 From Champ^ry to Veenayaz over the Col de Cldsanfe or Sezanfe 
 (7940' ; 10-11 hrs.; with guide), fatiguing. Beyond the Pas d''Encel (see above) 
 we ascend to the left to the col, between the Dent du Midi and the Tour 
 Sallieres, and descend through the Salanfe Valley (see above) to Salvan 
 and Vernayaz. — Or we may ascend to the right from the chalets of 
 Salanfe, 1 hr. beyond the Col de Clusanfe, and cross the Col or Chieu 
 d'^Emaney (7960'), lying between the Tour Sallieres and the Luisin (p. 274), 
 to the valley of the Trihge, Emaney, and (5-6 hrs.) Triquent (p. 274), or the 
 Col d'Emaney and Col de Bavherine (8136') to the valley of the £"«?/ Noire., 
 Barberine, and (7 hrs.) Valorcine (p. 272), or finally to' the E. by the Col 
 de Salanfe (7290') to (3V2 hrs.) Evionnaz (p. 237). 
 
 The train crosses the Vieze, which descends from the Val d'Hliez, 
 and at Massongex approaches the Rhone. At (14V2 M.) St. Maurice 
 (p. 236) our line is joined by that of the right hank.
 
 V. «AYOY, THE VALAI8, ANl) THE ADJACENT 
 ITALIAN ALPS. 
 
 71. From Geneva via Culoz and Aix-les-Bains to Cham- 
 bery and "back via Annecy 252 
 
 Perte du Ehone. From Bellegarde to Bouveret, 252. — 
 Excursions from Aix-les-Bains : Lac du Bourget ; Haute- 
 Combe; Revard, etc., 25i. — From Aix-les-Bains to 
 Annecy, 254. — Excursions from Chambery. Dent du 
 Xivolct, 255. — From Albertville to Moutiers and to 
 Beaufort; to Contamines via tlie Col Joli, 256. — From 
 Ugine to Sallanches or St. Gervais, 266. — Semnoz-, Par- 
 melan; Tournette, 257. — From Annecy to Clusea via. 
 Grand Bornand and to Sallanches over the Col des 
 Aravjs, 258. 
 
 72. From Geneva to Chamonix 258 
 
 1. Via Cluses 258 
 
 From Cluses to Taninges, 2C0. — Pointe Percee. St. Ger- 
 vais-les-Bains, and over the Col de la Forclaz to Les 
 Houches, 260. — Gorges de la Diosaz, 261. 
 
 ii. Via Sixt 261 
 
 Pralaire ; Mole*, Pointe de Marcelly, 262. — Excursions 
 from Sixt: Valine du Fer aCheval; Fond de la Combe ; 
 Pointe de Tanneverge; Pointe Pelouse, 263. — From 
 Sixt to Chamonix over the Buet, 263. 
 
 73. Chamonix and Environs 264 
 
 Mont Blanc, 269. — From Chamonix over the Col du 
 (leant to Courmayeur; Cols de Triolet, de Talefre, de 
 Pierre-Joseph, des Hirondelles, de Miage, 270. 
 7-i. From Chamonix to Martigny over the Tete-Noire, or 
 
 to Vernayaz via Triquent and Salvan 271 
 
 Glacier dArgentiere; Col d'Argentiere ; Col du Char- 
 donnet; Fenetre de Saleinaz; Col du Blent Dolent-, Col 
 des Grands Montets, etc., 272. — Gouffre de la Tete-Noire, 
 273. — Cascade du Dalley; Luisin ; Dent du Midi; Tour 
 Sallieres. From Vernayaz to Chamonix via Gueuroz, 274. 
 
 75. From Martigny to Chamonix. Col de Balme .... 275 
 
 Glacier de Trient, 275. — From the Col de Balme to the 
 Tete-Noire, 276. — To Orsieres over the Col du Tour, 2(6. 
 
 76. From Chamonix to Courmayeur over the Col du Bon- 
 liomme and the Col de la Scigne. Tour du Mont Blanc. 277 
 
 Col de Voza, 277. — Mont Joli; Cols du Mont Tondu 
 and de TrelatOte, 278. — From Chapieux to Pre -St. 
 Didier over the Little St. Bernard, 279. — Col de Chc- 
 couri; Mont de la Saxe; Pavilion du Mont-Frety; Gr. 
 Jorasses, 281. — From Courmaveur to Martigny over the 
 Col Ferret, 281. 
 
 77. From Courmayeur to Aosta and Ivrea 282 
 
 Crammont. From Prd-St. Didier to Bourg- St. Maurice 
 over the Little St. Bernard. Mt. Yalaisan, Belvedere, 
 I.ancebranlette, 282. — Becca di Nona; Mont Fmilius ; 
 Mt. Fallere, 2S4, 285. — From Aosta to Zermatt over 
 the Col de Valpelline. Mont Luseney. Passes from 
 Yalpellina to the Val St. Bartholemy, 285. 
 
 78. From Martigny to Aosta. Great St. Bernard . . . 287 
 
 Gorges du Durnant, 287. — Mont Chemin. Pas du Lens. 
 From Martigny to Orsiores via Champex. Excursions
 
 250 SAVOY AND VALAIS. 
 
 from the Lac de Champex and the Cabana d'Orny. Mont 
 Brule, 288. — Valsorey, Grand Combin; Mont Velan, 
 289. — Chenaletta; Pointe des Lacerandes: Mont Mort. 
 From St. Bernard's Hospice over the Col de Fenetre to 
 Martigny. and over the Col Ferret to Courmaveur, 291. — 
 Col de ia Serena, 292. 
 
 79. From Martigny to Aosta over the Col de Fenetre. Val 
 
 de Bagnes 293 
 
 Col de Sexhlanc. Cabane de Panossiere ; Grand Combin ; 
 Cols du Cret, de Sevreu , de Cleuson , and de Louvie, 
 293. — Exciirsions from Mauvoisin and Chanrion. Mont 
 Avril; Tour de Boussine; Grand Combin; Mont Blanc 
 de Seilon ; Mont Pleureur, etc., 294. — From Chermontane 
 to Bourg-St. Pierre over the Col du Sonadon or the Col 
 des Maisons Blanches; to Liappey over the Cols de Seilon. 
 deBreney, and de Vasevay : to Valpellina over the Cols de 
 Crete Seche, d'Otemma and de la Reuse d'Arolla, 294, 295. 
 
 80. From Martigny to Domodossola over the Simplon . . 295 
 
 Col des Etablons, 286. — Mont Bonvin. Forest of Pfyn ; 
 Illgraben, 297. — Belalp; Aletsch Glaciers; Sparrhorn ; 
 over the Beich-Pass to the Lcitschenthal, 293, 299. — 
 Excursions from Berisal : Wasenhorn, Bettlihorn, and 
 Bortelhorn; to Iselle via Alp Veglia ; Passo Valtendra, 
 300. — Schonhorn; Monte Leone, 800. — From Simplon to 
 Saas; Eossbodenjoch ; Laquinjoch; Sirvolten Pass; Si- 
 meli Pass ; Gamser Joch ; Fletschhorn, 301. — From Gondo 
 to Saas over the Zwischbergen Pa5S, 302. — From Domo 
 d'Ossola over the Antrona Pass to Saas, and over the 
 Antigine Pass to Mattmark, 303. 
 
 81. From the Rhone Glacier to Brig. The Eggishorn . . 303 
 
 Gerenthal. From Flrichen to Airolo over the Nufenen 
 Pass. Loflfelhorn ; Blindenhorn, 304. — Eggishorn \ Mar- 
 jelen-See ; Concordia Hut, 305. — Gr. Aletschhorn; via 
 the Lotschenliicke to Ried ; Riederalp and RiederFurka. 
 From the Riederalp to Belalp and Morel, 306. — From 
 Fiesch over the Albrun Pass to Baceno, or to the Tosa 
 Falls; Binnenthal; Ofenhorn. From Fiesch to Baceno 
 over the Geisspfad Pass or the Kriegalp Pass, and to 
 Iselle over the Ritter Pass, 3C6, 307. 
 
 82. From Ulrichen to Domo d'Ossola. Gries Pass. Falls 
 
 of the Tosa. Yal Formazza 308 
 
 Monte Basodine. From the Tosa Falls to Airolo over 
 the S. Giacomo Pass; to Bignasco over the Bocchetta di 
 Yal Maggia, 309. — From Andermatten to Cevio over 
 the Criner Furka, 309. 
 
 83. The S. Valleys of the Valais, between SionandTnrtmann 
 (Val d'He'rens, Val d'Anniviers, Turtmann Valley) . 310 
 i. From Sion through the Val d'He'rens to Evolena, 
 
 and over the Col de Torrent to the Val d'Anniviers 310 
 May ens de Sion, 810. — Val d"He'remence; Pic d'Arzinol, 
 311. — Mt. de FEtoile. Excursions from Arolla : Lac Bleu 
 de Lucel; Mont Collon; Eveque ; Pigno d' Arolla; Dents 
 de Yeisivi ; Aig. de la Za ; Dent Perroc; Dent des Bouque- 
 tins, 312. — Cols de Collon, de Za-de-Zan, and de Ried- 
 matten; Pas de Chevres ; Cols de Chermontane, de FEve- 
 que, deBertol, duMontBrule, and de Valpelline, 312,313. 
 — Ferpecle ; Alp Bricolla. Dent Blanche; Grand Cornier.
 
 SAVOY AND VALAIS. 251 
 
 Cols du Grand Cornier, de laPointe de BricoUa, d'Herens, 
 and des Bouquetins, 313, 314. — Sasseneire ; Pas de Lona ; 
 Bees de Bosson. Col de Sorebois, 315. 
 ii. From Sierre through the Val d'Anniviers to Zinal . 315 
 From Sierre to St. Luc ; Illhorn. From Vissoye to the 
 Hotel Weisshorn. Alp de I'Allee, 316. — Alp d'Arpitetta; 
 Roc de la Vache; Constantia Club-hut; Roc Noir; Pointe 
 d'Arpitett a •, Besso; Pigno de TAllee ; Bouquetin ; Diablons ; 
 Grand Cornier; Zinal PiOthhorn, Gabelhorn, 317. — Col 
 de TAllee; Col de Couronne; Triftjoch; Col Durand ; 
 Morning Pass; Schallijoch, 317, 318. — From Zinal to 
 St. Luc, 318. 
 lii. St. Luc. Bella Tola. Over the Pass du Bceuf (or 
 the Meiden Pass) into the Turtmann Valley, and 
 over the Augstbord Pass to the Valley of the Visp. . 318 
 Col des Diablons; Pas de la Forcletta. From Gruben to 
 Turtmann. The Schwar/horn, 319. — Jung Pass; Barr 
 Pass; Brunneggjoch; Biesjoch, 330. 
 
 84. From Visp to Zermatt 320 
 
 From Stalden to the Simplon over the Bistenen Pass, 
 320. — Excursions from Zermatt: Corner Gorge; 
 Riffelberg and Gornergrat, 322. — Schwarzsee Hotel; 
 Hurnli : Theodule Pass ; Staft'elalp ; Zmutt Glacier \ 
 Findelen Glacier, 324, 325. — Mountain excursions from 
 Zermatt and the Iliffelhaus: Breithorn; Cima di Jazzi; 
 liitVelborn; Mettelhom ; Unter-Gabelhorn; Wellenkuppe; 
 Ober-Rothhorn ; Strahlhorn; IJimpfischhorn ; Dom ; Lys- 
 kamm: Monte Rosa; Matlerhorn; Uber-Gabelhorn;Zinal- 
 Rothhorn ;Weisshorn ; Dent Blanche ; Dent d"Hc'rens,325- 
 327. — Glacier Passes from the RitVel : The'odule Pass; 
 Furggjoch ; Col de Tournanche ; Schwarzlhor; Zwillings- 
 Pass; Lysjoch ; Felikjoch: SesiaPaas; Piodejoch; Kew 
 and Old Weissthor, 327, 328. — Glacier Passes from 
 Zermatt to Zinal, Evolena, Chermontane , Yalpellina, 
 Valtournanche, and the Saas Valley, 328. 
 
 85. From Piedimulera to Macugnaga, and over the Monte 
 Moro Pass to Saas and Visp 829 
 
 Excursions from Macugnaga: Belvedere; Petri olo-Alp; 
 Pizzo Bianco; Monte Rosa; Weissthor, 330. — St. Joder- 
 horn. Stelliborn;Schwarzberg-Weissthor;Adler Pass; Al- 
 lalin Pass, 331. — Saas-Fee; Triftalp; Mitta;.'horn ; Egginer- 
 horn ; Allalinhorn ; Siidlenzspitze ; Ulrichshorn; Balfrin- 
 horn ; Stellihorn ; Sonuighorn ; Latelhorn ; Weissmies, etc., 
 332, 333. — Alphubeljoch ; Fee Pass ; Mischabeljoch ; Doni- 
 joch; Nadeljoch; Le'nzjoch; RiedPass ; Windjoch, 333. 
 
 86. From Macugnaga to Zermatt round Monte Rosa . . . 334 
 
 Turlo Pass, 334. — Col delle Loccie ; Pile Alp ; Corno Bi- 
 anco. Colle di Moud and Bocchetta Moanda, 335. — Col 
 d' Olen ; Gemsstein. Col delle Pisse ; Col di Valdobbia, 336. 
 — Excursions from Oressoney :Cortlys ; LintyHnt. Gnifetti- 
 Hut, Sella-Hut, Vincent Pyramid. Lyskamm. Castor, 336. — 
 Col dellaRanzola ; Col de Joux. Mont Taille ; Panta Fru- 
 diera. Bettaforca ;Bettliner Pass;Pinter Joch;Val d'Avasor 
 Challant ; Col des Cimes I'.lanches ; Grand' Sometta,336.337. 
 
 87. From Chatillon to Valtournanche and over the The'o- 
 dule Pass to Zermatt 337 
 
 Grand Tournalin 338. — Col du Val-Cournere. Chateau 
 des Dames, 338.
 
 252 
 
 71. From Geneva via Culoz and Aix-les-Bains to 
 Chambery, and back via Annecy. 
 
 Eailwat to Aix-les-Bains (55V2 M.) in 3V-i hrs. (11 fr. 30, 8fr. 5, 6fr. 
 10 c), to Chambery (64 M.) in 4 hrs. (12 fr. 75, 9fr. 60, 7fr. 5 c.), to Albert- 
 ville (931/2 31.) in 7 hrs. (18 fr. 70, 14 fr. 10, 10 fr. 85 c); from Aix-les-Bains 
 to Annecv (25 M.) in 11/2-2 hrs. (4 fr. 95, 3 fr. 65, 2 fr. 65 c.) ; from Annecy 
 to Geneva (37V2 M.) in 21/2 hrs. (7 fr, 30, 5 fr. 50 c., 4 fr.). Diligence be- 
 tween Albertville and (28 M.) Annecy daily in 4 hrs. — See also Baedeker's 
 Southern France. 
 
 Geneva, see p. 209. 3 M. Meyrin; b'^j^ M. Satigny ; on the left 
 flows the Rhone. Near (8^/2 M.) La Plaine we cross the valley of the 
 London. 121/2 M. Chancy-Pougny ; 14 '/o ^J- CoUonges. The Rhone 
 here separates the steep slopes of the Mont Vuache (3444') from 
 the Jura chain. The lofty Fort de TEcluse (1387'), to the right, 
 guarding the entrance to France , was founded by the Dukes of 
 Savoy, rebuilt by Vauban, destroyed by the Austrians in 1815, and 
 enlarged by the French in 1824. Beyond the short tunnel (200 yds.) 
 under the fort we pass through the Tunnel du Credo, 21/0 M. long, 
 and cross the deep valley of the Valserine by an imposing viaduct, 
 275 yds. long and 170' high. 
 
 21 M. Bellegarde (Buffet; *Hdt. de la Gare, moderate; Hot. des 
 Touristes; Hot. de la Paste), with the French 'douane'. 
 
 Above the confluence of the Valserine and the Rhone, about 1/2 M. from 
 the hotel, is what was once the so-called Parte du Rhone. Formerly, 
 when the river was low CNov. to Feb.). it disappeared entirely in a cleft 
 in the rock for about 100 paces . but the channel has recently been so 
 much widened by blasting that the water always remains visible. The 
 water of the Rhone is used as a motive power for machinery by the 
 Compagnie Hvdraulique du Rhone. A conduit 820 yds. in length, and 
 chiefly underground, is carried from the bed of the river above the Pert e 
 to the Valserine, into which it falls a little above its influx into the 
 Rhone. A railway now runs through the valley of the Valserine to Kantna 
 and Bourg. 
 
 Frosi Bellegakde to Bodveket (621/2 M.), railway in 31/4 lira. Stations : 
 Valleiry ; Tiry ; 15 M. St. /Mi/ere (steam-tramway to Geneva, see p. 220) ; 
 20 M. Bosseu-Veprier, at the X.W. base ofMt. Saleve (p. 520). The Arve 
 is then crossed to (24 M.) Annemasse (p. 259). the junction for Annecy and 
 Geneva (p. 250), and Cluses (Chamonix, p. 260). 28 M. St. Cergues; 33 M. 
 Bons-St. Didier (ascent of the Yoirons , seep. 221); 37 M. Perrignier ; 43 M. 
 Thonon (p. 245); 49 M. Brian (p. 245); 52V2 M. Lugrin; 06 M. Meillerie; 
 591/2 M. St. Gingolph; 62V2 M. Bouveret (p. 246). 
 
 Four tunnels (1121, 917, 493, and 165 yds. in length respect- 
 ively). Beyond (28 M.) Pyrimont (with asphalt-mines near it) a 
 handsome viaduct crosses the Vezeronce. 3272 ^l- Seyssel (Ecu de 
 France), an old town, on both banks of the Rhone, here crossed by 
 a double suspension-bridge. The river, now navigable, flows through 
 a broad channel with numerous islands, and the valley expands. 
 
 411/2 M. Culoz (774'; Hot. Folliet ; *Rail. Restaurant), at the base 
 of the Colombier (5033'), is the junction for Lyons, Macon (Paris), 
 and Turin. Carriages generally changed, and a long halt. 
 
 The Mont-Cenis train crosses the Rhone, and at (46 M.) Chin- 
 drieux reaches the N. end of the Lac du Bourget (745'), which is
 
 AIX-LES-BATNS. V. Route 77 . 2bZ 
 
 10 M. long and 3 M. broad. To the right, on a wooded hill 
 projecting into the lake, is the old chateau of Chdtillon. The train 
 skirts the rocky E. bank, passing through four tunnels. To the right 
 a pleasing view of the lake, the monastery of Haute-Combe, the 
 chateau of Bourdeau, and the Dent du Chat (p. 254). 
 
 551/2 ^I- Aix-les-BainS. — 'Grand Hotel d'Aix, Avenue de la 
 Gare; Grands Hotels de l'Europe, Hotel Gaillard et de l'Univers, 
 *Grand-H6tkl du Nord, and 'Hot. Venat et Bristol in the Rue du 
 Casino; Grand Hotel du Louvre, Avenue delaGars; Splendide Hotel, 
 finely situated above the .lardin Public. All these are of the first class, 
 with corresponding charges: R.. L., & A. from 5-6, B. IV2, lunch ii, D. 5 fr. 
 Hot. des Bergues, Avenue de la Gare; Hotel Mktropole, Rue du Casino; 
 Beausite, above the .Tardin Public; 'ChIteau-Durieux, Boul. des Cotes; 
 "Hot. Guilland et de la Poste. Hot. de la Galerie, Place Centrale; 
 Hot. Laplace, Hot. de Geneve. Rue du Casino ; Hot. de l'Etablissement 
 Thermal, by the Baths; Hot. Damesin &. Continental, Gr.-Hot. du 
 Parc, Rue de Chambery; Hot. de la Poste, Germain, Bossct, Garin, etc. 
 — Pensions and Maisona MtitihUes also abound. 
 
 Cafiis-Restackants. Daydel, Place Centrale ; Gr. Cafi de la Gare, etc. 
 
 Cab, per drive, 1-2 pers., 1 fr.. 3-4 pers. 2 fr. ; per hour with one 
 horse 3, with two horses 4 fr. — Voitures Pcbliques for excursions (to 
 Marlioz, Port Puer, etc.). Place Centrale. 
 
 Casinos. Cercle^ Rue du Casino, adm. 3 fr. ; season-ticket 40, for 
 2 pers. 65 fr. — Villa des Fleurs, Avenue de la Gare, similar. 
 
 English Church Service during the season. 
 
 Aix-les-Bains (850'; pop. 6296). the Roman Aquae Allohrogum^ 
 or Aquae Gratianae, a famous watering-place, picturesquely situated, 
 is visited annually by upwards of 12,000 patients. It possesses warm 
 (113°) sulphur-springs, used for drinking and for baths. The large 
 Etablissement Thermal, erected in 1854, is well fitted up. In front 
 of it rises the Arrh of Campanus, a monument erected in the 3rd 
 or 4th cent. A. D., in the form of a triumphal arch, in memory of 
 L. Pomp. Campanus and his family. The eight niches contain the 
 urns of the persons whose names are recorded on the monument. 
 The well-preserved Chateau (16th cent.), now the Hotel de Ville, 
 contains a Museum of antiquities, chiefly from the lake-dwellings 
 of the Lac du Bourget, and other curiosities (open daily 9-12 and 
 2-5; 5 c). The rallying-points of visitors are the sumptuous Cercle 
 or Casino, with its handsome saloons, and the Villa des Fleurs (see 
 above), with its pleasant garden , wliere concerts are frequently 
 given. Queen Victoria resided at the Villa Mottet during her visit 
 to Aix in April, 1885. — Omnibuses run from the Place Centrale 
 every 20 min. to (1 M.) Mnrlioz (in lOmin.; there and back 60 c.), 
 which possesses cold sulphur-springs (with inhaling-chamher), a 
 chateau, and a park (restaurant). 
 
 Excursions. Pleasant shady walks in the Pare, the Promenade du 
 Gigol, and the Avenue Marie. ' — The Lac du Bourget (p. 262) may 
 be reached by the 'Route du Lac', leading to the (2 M.; omnibua 50 c.) 
 Port-Puer (steamboat-pier ; rowing-boats for hire). On the bank of the 
 lake extends the beautiful wooded hill of Tres'seri'e, 3 M. in length, with 
 shady walks and fine views. At the N. end of the hill rises the Maison 
 du Dinhle (villa and garden), and on the W. side, on the bank of the 
 lake, is the chateau of Boiiport. 
 
 * Haute combe, a Cistercian monasterv on the N.W. hank of the lake.
 
 254 V. Route 71. AIX-LES-BAINS. From Geneva 
 
 at the foot of the Mont du Chai, is anotlier interesting point. (Steamboat 
 thither several times a week; trip round the lake on Sundays, allowing 
 an hour at Hautecombe. Boat with two rowers to Hautecombe and back, 
 with one hour's stay, 4 fr. ; each hour more l^/o fr. ; to Bourdeau 5 fr. ; 
 a bargain should be made beforehand.) The abbey, which was the burial- 
 place of the Princes of Savoy until 1731, when the Superga near Turin 
 was chosen for that purpose, was destroyed during the French Revolution, 
 and handsomely rebuilt in 1824 by Charles Felix, King of Sardinia. The 
 church contains the monuments of Amadeus V., VI., VII., Humbert III., 
 Louis I., Baron de Vaud, Jeanne de Montfort, Count Haymon, Boniface of 
 Savoy (Archbishop of Canterbury), the splendid mausoleum of Peter of Savoy, 
 Anna of Zahringen, etc. The view from the neighbouring tower of Phare 
 de Gessens has been described by Rousseau. About 3/4 31. from the mon- 
 astery is the intermittent Fontaine des Merveilles. — On the site of the old 
 Roman road a good high-road crosses the Mont du Chat. "We combine a 
 visit to the monastery with a survey of the scenery by taking a boat from 
 Aix to Hautecombe, whence it should be sent on to the chateau of Bour- 
 deau, at the S. end of the road over the Mont du Chat; after visiting the 
 monastery and the intermittent spring , we descend by a footpath to the 
 Mont du Chat road, which leads us to Bourdeau, and thence we return by 
 boat to Aix. — Farther to the S., at the influx of the ietsse, lies the vill- 
 age of Le Bourget (FIdt. Ginet) with a ruined castle and a church in the 
 transitional style, the choir of which contains fine basreliefs of the 13th 
 cent. — Ascent thence of the Denl du Chat (4595'), 4 hrs., by a good bridle- 
 path; splendid view of the Alps, including Mont Blanc. 
 
 From Aix a good road leads to the N. E. via St. Simon, with chaly- 
 beate springs, to the (IV2 M. ; omnibus 60 c, there and back 1 fr.) *G-orges 
 du Sierroz. a romantic defile ^4 M. in length. A steam-launch (there and 
 back 1 fr. 50 c.) plies to the upper end, whence a footpath ascends to the 
 Cascade de Grisy (Restaur. ; see below). — A favourite drive from Aix 
 is via Le Bourget and Bourdeau (see above) to the Col du Chat (2093'), 
 to theN. of the Dent duChat, with beautiful view (carriage there and back 
 in 5 hrs., 15-20 fr. ; brake 3 fr. 50 c. each person); another to La Cambotte 
 (30i4'j, a hotel and restaur, on the top of the Mont Oigot or de Corsuei, 
 to the N. of Aix (same time and fares). 
 
 To the '-"Revard (b01(y), the central summit of the Montagne de la Cluse, 
 to the E. of Aix, a mountain railway (opened in 1892) leads from Aix in 
 about IVzhr. Adhesive line to (IV4 M.) Mouxy (135S0 and rack- and- 
 pinion line (on Abfs system) thence via ReboUion (3565') and the Col du 
 Fertuiset (4600') to the top, with Hotel -Restaurant and splendid view 
 (Mont Blanc etc.). 
 
 From Aix-les-Bains to Annect, 25 M., a branch-line (IV2 hr.). The 
 train runs at first to the N. through the valley of the Sierroz, which has 
 worn a deep channel for itself, passing near the entrance of the Gorges 
 (see above). 2V2 M. Grisu-sur-ALv., with a ruined castle and a pretty 
 waterfall (see above). T'/zM. Athens. Through an opening to the right 
 appear the Semnoz and the Tournette (p. 257). IOV2M. Bloi/e. At (13 M.) 
 Rumilly (1095'; Eot. de la Poste; Restaur. Ducret), a little town of Roman 
 origin, we cross the CMran. The train turns to the E. and enters the pretty 
 valley of the Fier. 17 M. Marcellaz-Hauteville. We now traverse the wild 
 and romantic DifiU du Fier (twelve bridges and two short tunnels). On 
 the left, near the end of the gorge, rises the chateau of Montrottier, of the 
 14-I6th centuries. 2OV2 BI. Lovagny (restaur, at the station and at the 
 entrance to the gorge); V2 M. to the E. are the -Gorges du Fier, a grand 
 ravine 275 yds. long, enclosed by limestone rocks nearly 300' high, ren- 
 dered accessible by a wooden gallery (1 fr.). Beyond Lovagny we obtain 
 a fine view, to the right, of the Parmelan, the Semnoz, and the Tour- 
 nette. Tunnel of 1270 yds.; then a bridge across the Fier. 25 M. Annecy, 
 see p. 257. 
 
 As the train proceeds, the lake is concealed by the wooded hill 
 of Tresserve (p. 253}. Fine view to the right. 
 
 58 M. Viviers. To the left rises the Dent du Nivolet (5113').
 
 to Chamhery. CHAMBfiRY. V. Route 71. 255 
 
 64 M-. Chambery (883'; pop. 20,922; *H6t. de France, Qnai 
 Nezin, near the Boulevards ; *H6t. du Commerce^ Rue Vieille- 
 Monnaie; Hot. des Princes, Rue deBoigne; Hot. de la Poste, Rue 
 d'ltalie; Hot. de la Paix, opposite the station), the capital of Savoy, 
 a handsome looking town, lies on the rapid Leisse. On the prome- 
 nade between the railway and the town rises a large Fountain- Mon- 
 ument, adorned with life-size elephants, in memory of General de 
 Boigne (d. 1830), who bequeathed to Chambery, his native town, a 
 fortune of 15 million fr. amassed in the East Indies. Of the ancient 
 and loftily situated Chateau of the counts and dukes of Savoy, erected 
 in 1232, now restored and occupied by the Pre'fecture, two towers 
 and the chapel, in the Gothic and Renaissance styles, belong to the 
 original building. At the back of the chateau (reached by going to 
 the left round the building, through the gate, and up the avenue) 
 is a small Natural-History Museum with a botanic garden. The The- 
 atre is richly decorated in the interior. Near it is the archiepiscopal 
 Cathedral, a Gothic edifice (14th and 15th cent.). In front of the 
 Palais de Justice rises a bronze statue of Ant. Favre (d. 1624), a 
 famous jurist, erected in 1864. Opposite is the new Museum, con- 
 taining archaeological collections, sculptures, a library, and a pic- 
 ture-gallery (adm. 50c.; Sun. & Tubs. 1-6, free). 
 
 Walks. To the N., above the town (10 min.), rise the Rochers de 
 Lemenc, with a church in which Gen. de Boigne and Mme. de Warens, 
 Rousseau's friend, are interred. Charming view. — To Buisson - Rond 
 (20 min.), a pleasant park; the Cascades de Jacob (V2 hr.) ; the chapel 
 of St. Saluniin (IV4 hr.). — Bout du Monde (1 hr.), a rocky gorge at 
 the base of the Dent du Nivolet, with a fine waterfall of the Doria. — 
 Les Charmettes ('/a hr. \ adm. '/z fr.), a country-house once occupied by 
 Rousseau and Mme. de Warens (1736). — Challes (IV4 hr. ; omnibus from 
 Stat. Chambery V2 br.), with a sulphur-spring, a bath-house, and an old 
 chateau converted into a hotel and pension (good, but dear). 
 
 The ascent of the Dent du Nivolet (ollcJ'; 4V2-5 hrs.) is attractive and 
 free from difliculty. Koad for about 8 M. ; then a bridle-path nearly to 
 the top. 3Iagnilicent view. 
 
 Beyond Chambery we traverse a picturesque district, passing 
 the ruins of Bdtie and Chignin. The precipitous Mont Granier 
 (6358') on the right owes its peculiar form to a landslip in 1248, 
 which buried sixteen villages. 70 M. Chignin-les- Marches. 72 M. 
 Montmelian (921'; Rail. Restaurant), junction for Grenoble. The 
 castle, on a hill, of which a few fragments only are left, long 
 served as a bulwark of Savoy against the French, but was destroyed 
 by Louis XIV. in 1705. Pleasing survey of the valley of the 
 /sere, which the train now ascends. 741/2^1- Cruet; 79 M. St. 
 Pierre d''Albigny, junction of the Mt. Ccuis Railway; the small 
 town lies IY2 M. to the N. On a projecting crag to the left stands 
 the ruined castle of Miolans, once a state-prison of Savoy, destroyed 
 during the French Revolution. 
 
 The Mont-Cenis Railway quits the Isere here and ascends to the right 
 in the Maurienne Valley., watered by the Arc. Stations Cfiamousset., Aigtie- 
 belle, Epierre, La C/tavibre, St. Jean-de-Maiirienne^ St. Michel. La Praz, and 
 (46 M.) Modane. Then through the great Mont-Cenis Tunnel (T'/z M. long) 
 to Bardonnccchia and Turin (see Baedeker's N. Ituly).
 
 256 V. Route 7 J. ALBERTVILLE. From Cliamhery 
 
 The railway to Albertville keeps on the right hank of the Isere. 
 85 M. Gresy-sur-Isere, Tvith Roman antiquities. On the left, Mon~ 
 tailleur , with an old castle. On the opposite bank of the Isere, 
 Ste. Htltne-des-Millilres , with salt springs. 89 M. FronteneXj 
 whence a road leads to the N. over the Col de Tamie (2980') to 
 (11 M.) Faverges (p. 257). 
 
 931/2 M. Albertville (1180'; pop. 5854; Hot. Million, in the 
 market, R. 31/2, D. S^/2 fr. ; Hot. de la Balance, Grande Rue; *H6t. 
 de la Gare, D. incl. W. 3 fr.), a pleasant town, which received its 
 present name in 1835 in honour ofjKing Charles Albert of Sardinia, 
 consists of two parts separated by the Arly: on the right bank L'flo- 
 pital^ on the left the picturesque little old town of Conflans, with 
 its pinnacled walls, overgrown with vegetation. 
 
 From Albertville to 3Ioutiers-ex-Tarentaise, 17M., railway (opened 
 in 1893) in I1/2 hr. The line leads through the Isere Valley, which grad- 
 ually narrows and becomes grander as we ascend, by Tours and Gevins^ 
 at the N.E. base of the TonrneVe (SU50'), to (IO1/2 M.) Feissons-sons- 
 Briangon, with the ruined castle of Bi-iangon\ then (12 M.) Xolre Dame de 
 Briangon, and by Aiguehlanche to (17 M.) Moutiers (1575'; 2369 inhab. ; 
 *E6t. Vizioz; Hot. Bertoli, well spoken of), the ancient capital of the 
 Tarentaise, the seat of a bishop, and named after a monastery founded 
 here in the 5th century. The treasury of the cathedral is worth seeing. 
 A little to the S., in "the pretty valley of the Doron, are the baths of 
 (3/4 M.) Salins and (.:5i/2 M.) Brides-les-Bains. — A road leads to the E. of 
 Moutiers (diligence twice daily) through the picturesque valley ofthe 
 Isere via Aime, with a well preserved Roman temple, and Bellenire to (17 M.) 
 Bourg-St. Maurice (p. 2c2). 
 
 From Albertville to Beaufort, 12 M. (diligence daily in 3 hrs. ; 
 21/2 fr.), by a road through the picturesque Doron Valley. The little town 
 of Beaufort (2(j25'; Cheval Blanc; Montblanc). prettily situated, is com- 
 manded by the chateau of La Salle. Thence through the Gitte Valley to 
 the Col da Bonhomme and over the Col des Fours to Mottets, 9-iO hrs., 
 with guide (16 fr.; comp. 279). — From Beaufort over the Col Joli to 
 CoNTAMiNES, 8-9hr3., with guide, interesting on the whole. Carriage-road 
 through the Dorine Valley (or ValUe de Haule-Luce) , by Haute-Luce to 
 (3 hrs.) Belleville, thence bridle-path over the Col Joli, lying to the S. 
 of Mont Joli (p. 278), with a view of Mont Blanc, to (5 hrs.) Contamines 
 (p. 276). 
 
 From Albertville to Chamonix, 43 M., diligence daily in 10 hrs. 
 (16 fr. ; two-horse carriage for 4 pers. 90 fr.) , by a good new road, via 
 Fontaines d'Lgines., at the junction of the road to Annecy (see below), and 
 through the picturesque valley of the Arly to (8 31.) Flumet (3(.X38'; Hot. des 
 Balances)., a village at the influx of the Arondine into the Arly. (Over the Col 
 des Aravis to St.Jean-de-Sixt, see p. 258.) On a rock stands the ruined 
 castle of the ancient barons of Faucigny. (Travellers in the reverse di- 
 rection have to undergo custom-house formalities here.) Then (7 31.) Me- 
 geve (3690'; H6t. Conseil), on the water-shed between the Isere and the 
 Arve, shortly beyond which, as we descend, we enjoy a superb view : oppo- 
 site us towers the Aiguille de Varens (8831'), to the left lies the valley of 
 the Arve as far as 3Iagland (p. 260) ; to the right rises the entire Mont Blanc 
 chain, with its glaciers and the highest summit. At (3 M.) Comhloiix the 
 road divides, the left branch leading to (3^4 M.) Sallanches. and the right 
 by an imposing bridge over the gorge of the Bon-Xant to (3 M.) St. Ger- 
 vais (p. 2d0), and thence down to (.I'/a M.) Le Fayet, on the road from Clnsea 
 to (12 M.) Chamonix. 
 
 The RoAB TO Annecy (28 M.) ascends to the N., on the right 
 bank of the Arly. To the left, on a steep hill, stands the church of
 
 to Geneva. ANNECY. V. Route 77. 257 
 
 Pallud; on the right the Boron issues from the Vallie de Beaufort 
 (see p. 256). Near (5 M.) Fontaines d' Igines (1350' ^ Hot. de Cha- 
 monix, Hot. Carvin) the road quits the valley of the Arly, and enters 
 that of the Chaise to the left. To the right, on a hill, stands the small 
 town of TJginei (1510'; 3000 inhah.). Here the culture of the vine 
 begins on the lower slopes facing the S. Beyond A/ariens the road quits 
 the valley of the Chaise, and crosses the hardly perceptible watershed 
 of the Eau Morte, which we now follow. 7Y2 M. Faverges (1699'; 
 *H6t. de Geneve), with its extensive old castle. (To Frontenex over 
 the Col de Tamie, see p. 256.) We next reach (6 M.) Bout du Lac, 
 near the hamlet of Doussard, at the S. end of the *Lac d'Annecy 
 (1463'; 9 M. long), on which a steamer plies three times daily to 
 Annecy in I1/2 lir-: a pleasant trip. To the right rise the rocky 
 pinnacles of the Tournette (see below). On a promontory extending 
 far into the lake, to the left, is the prettily situated (3 M.) Chdteau 
 Duingt (1476'). On the opposite bank lie Talloires (Hot. del'Abbaye), 
 the birthplace of Berthollet (see below), and jl/eni^on, with sulphur- 
 springs and an old chateau in which St. Bernard was born (p. 290). 
 To the left lies Sevrier, at the foot of the long Semnoz (see below). 
 28m. Annecy (1476'; pop. 11,947; *Gr.-H6t. d'Angleterre, Rue 
 Royale ; Gr.-Hot. Verdun, near the lake, dear ; Aigle\ a picturesque, 
 old-fashioned town, the capital of the department of Haute-Savoie, 
 with linen-manufactories. In the 12th cent, it was the capital of the 
 Duchy of Genevois, and was named Anneciacum Novum, to distin- 
 guish it from Anneciacum Vetus, which lay a little to the N.E., on 
 the slope of a hill, where numerous Roman relics have been found. 
 .The lofty old Chdteau is now a barrack. Gothic Cathedral, with a 
 modern tower, and an ancient episcopal Palace. In the chapel of 
 the monastery De la Visitation repose St. Francis de Sales (d. 1622) 
 and St. Johanna of Chantal (d. 1641). The Promenade du Pdquier 
 on the lake affords a pleasant walk and line view. In the middle 
 of it rises the Prefecture, in front of which stands a statue of the 
 engineer Sommeiller (1815-71), one of the constructors of theMont- 
 Cenis Tunnel. On the other side of the canal issuing from the lake 
 lies the Jardin Public, with shady avenues, adorned with a bronze 
 statue ofthefamous chemist Berf/ioiiet (1748-1822), by Marochetti. In 
 the vicinity is the Hotel de Ville, containing a small museum, with 
 a handsome fountain in front of it. Annecy, with its beautiful en- 
 virons, is recommended as a pleasant resting-place. 
 
 Excursions. The Semnoz (5590'), to the S. of Annecy, a fine point, 
 easy (5 hrs.). We take the Albertville road on the S. bank of the lake 
 to (3 M.) Sivrier, and ascend by a road to the right to the (7^/2 M.) Col 
 de Leschaux (3028'); bridle-path thence to the top in 1 hr. (Hdt. Cret du 
 Chdtillon; mountain-railway projected). Beautiful view. — The 'Parmelan 
 (6018'), to the N.E. of Annecy, is chiefly interesting on account of its gro- 
 tesque rock -formations. Road by Sur-les-Bois and Dingy St. Clair to 
 (9 M.; carr. in 2V2 hrs., 15 fr.) La Blonniire; thence (guide not necessary 
 for experts) by the Chalet Chapuis and the Grand Montoir to the top in 
 21/2-3 hrs. (admirable panorama). — Ascent of the ' Tournette (7733'), the 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 17
 
 258 V. Route 71. GRAND-BORNAND. 
 
 f3ne mountain to the S.E. of Annecy, attractive but laborious (only for ex- 
 perts; guide 10 fr.). Road to (9 M.) Thones (see below), thence with guide, 
 by Belchamp and the Chalets du Rosairy in 5^/2 hrs. to the top. Superb 
 view, especially of the Mont Blanc group. 
 
 Railway to Aix-les-Bains^ see p. 254. I^ear Lovagny, the first station 
 (11 min,), are the interesting ■'Gorges du Fier (p. 254). 
 
 Fkom Annect to Chamonix, diligence daily in 12 hrs. (by steamer to 
 Doussard, thence by carriage via Fontaines d'Ugines. Flumet, Meg^ve, and 
 St. Gervais ; comp. p. 256) ; fare to St. Gervais 18, to Chamonix 21 fr. ; re- 
 turn fare 32 fr. 
 
 From Annect via Grand Bornand to Cluses, I2V2 hrs., attractive. 
 A carriage road runs by Veyrier and Alex to (4 hrs.) Thones (2054'; Hot. de 
 Plain- Palais)., a little town prettily situated at the confluence of the J^om and 
 the Fier (ascent of the Tournette, see above). Thence it ascends the valley 
 of the Nom to the E. , passing Les Villards to (1^/4 hr.) St. Jean-de-Sixt 
 (331'J ; to Sallanches, see below), beyond which it divides. The left 
 branch runs by Petit-Bornand to (41/2 hrs.) Bonneville (p. 259); the right 
 leads through (I/2 hr.) Grand Bornand (3053'; Hot. Milhomme^ a consid- 
 erable village on the Borne, to (IV2 hr.) Venay. From Venay a bridle- 
 path ascends over the Col des Annes (5608') to (2 hrs.) Reposoir or Prolong 
 (Inn), where it joins the carriage-road leading through the picturesque 
 Valley of Reposoir to (2 hrs.) Scionzier and (I/2 hr.) Cluses (p. 260). — From 
 Annect over the Col des Aeavis to Sallanches, 15 hrs. , attractive. 
 To (53/4 hrs.) St. Jean-de-Sixt , see above. Thence a carriage-road leads 
 to the S.E. in the valley of the Nom to La Clusaz and to the (2V2 hrs.) 
 Col des Aravis (4913), which commands a fine view of Mont Blanc. From 
 the Col a bridle-path descends to (V* hr.) La Giettaz (3640'; Hot. du Col des 
 Aravis), whence another carriage-road leads to (2 hrs.) Flumet^ on the road 
 from "Ugine (p. 257) to (43/4 hrs.) Sallanches or St. Gervais. A shorter 
 route is offered by a foot-path leading from La Giettaz over the Col Jaillet 
 direct to (4 hrs.) Sallanches. 
 
 The Rail'way from Annect to Geneva traverses a tunnel, 
 crosses the Fier., and turns to the N. into the valley of the Filliere. 
 On the right rises the Parmelan (p. 257). 3 M. Pringy-la- 
 Caille; 6M. St. Martin- Char vonn ex ; lOM. Groisy-le-Plot {3^/2^. 
 to the W. are the sulphur-baths oiLa Caille, in a picturesque gorge). 
 At (141/2 M.) Evires (2592' ; Buffet) beyond another tunnel and a 
 lofty viaduct, the line reaches its highest point. Travellers in the 
 opposite direction are subjected to the formalities of the custom- 
 house here, as that part of the Department of Haute-Savoie which 
 adjoins Switzerland is exempt from French duties (p. 256). Two 
 tunnels, the first 1320 yds. long. 
 
 The train now descends, making a long bend to the E., and 
 enters the valley of the Arve, of which it affords a beautiful survey. 
 Beyond (20 M.) St. Laurent is a viaduct 157' high. — 23^/2 M. 
 La Roche-sur-Foron, junction of the railway from Cluses to Anne- 
 masse. Hence to (37^/2 M.) Geneva, see p. 259. 
 
 72. From Geneva to Chamonix. 
 
 i. Via, Cluses. 
 
 56 M. Railway from Geneva {Eaux-Vivet station) to (28V2 M.) Clutes 
 in 11/2 hr. (fares 5 fr. 70, 4 fr. 25, 2 fr. 35 c). Thence to (271/2 M.) 
 Chamonix Omnibus in 4'/2 hrs. (8 fr., there and back 14 fr.). Through- 
 fares from Geneva to Chamonix, 13 fr. 35, 11 fr. 65, 10 fr. 15 c. ; return- 
 tickets, valid for a week, 22 fr. 50, 18 fr. 60 c. ; circular tickets, valid for
 
 rr^ 
 
 
 t« n\ , 
 
 'ri=M 

 
 ANNEMASSE. V. Route T2. 259 
 
 a fortnight (via Evian, M;trti,znv, Chamonix, Clusea, and back to Geneva), 
 Ist cl. 38, 2ud cl. 34 fr. Tickets may be obtained at Grand Quai 28 as well 
 as at the station. Cook's tickets also are offered at all the hotels (to 
 Chamonix and back, or via Chamonix and the Tete Noire or Salvan to 
 Martigny and Vemayaz, etc.)- — At Eaux-Vives (tramway from the Place 
 Molard; cab 2 fr.) the railway-time is about 26 min. behind that of Geneva. 
 Tickets arc changed at the omnibas-offjce at Cluses (to the right of the 
 station), after which no time shonld be lost in securing a seat in the 
 omnibus (front seats preferable). A seat in one of the supplementary 
 carriages, which are provided when the main vehicle is full, is preferable 
 to an inside seat in the latter. A carriage and pair (4 pers.), from Clases 
 to Chamonix in 4-41/2 hrs., costs 40 fr. and fee. 
 
 Geneva {Eaux-Vives station; PL F, 8), see p. 209. The train 
 ascends at first through a tunnel, then traverses a plateau, with the 
 Saleve on the right, and the Jura chain on the left. At (2^/2 M.) 
 Chene (1385'), a thriving village belonging to Geneva, Mont Blanc 
 appears on the right, between the pyramidal Mole (p. 262) and 
 the double peak of the Pointe d'Andey (6165'). We now cross the 
 FoTon, the boundary with France, and reach (5 M.) Annemasse 
 (1420'; Rail. Restaurant; Hot. cle la Gare, Hot. de la Paix, at the 
 station; National, in the town), the junction for the Bellegarde 
 and Bouveret line (p. 252) and the steam -tramway to Samoens 
 (p. 261). The train backs out from the station, describes a wide 
 curve through the straggling little town, and crosses the Arve at 
 Etrembieres (electric railway to the Saleve, see p. 221). Fine view 
 of the Mont Blanc chain in the distance to the left. At (7 M.) 
 Monnetier-Mornex the charmingly situated village of Mornex (p. 221) 
 lies above us to the right, and the deep gorge of the Arve to the 
 left. Then beyond a handsome viaduct over the Vaison, the railway 
 ascends through orchards, with a continuous view of the Arve valley, 
 and crosses the Foron to (101 '2 m.) Reignier (Hot. du Mont Blanc). 
 Beyond (12* '2 M.) Pers-Jussy-Chevrier is (13 M.) La Eoche-sur- 
 Foron(1805'; Hot. de la Balance; Croix Blanche'), the junction for 
 the line to Annecy (p. 258). To the left is the village with its 
 ruined castle, picturesquely situated high above the Arve valley. 
 
 The railway crosses the Foron and one of its tributaries, and 
 traverses a short tunnel. To the right tower the cliffs of the Pointe 
 d'Andey, to the left the Mole, and farther back the Voirons. We 
 now descend through brushwood into the Arve valley. Beyond 
 (I71/2 M.) St. Pierre- de-Rumilly we cross the Borne and soon 
 afterwards the Arve, and skirt the town to the station of (20 M.J 
 Bonneville (1457'; pop. 2271; Couronne, dear; Balance), a place 
 of some importance, picturesquely situated among vine-clad hills. 
 A handsome bridge crosses the Arve, on the N. side of which, to 
 the right, stands a monument to the Savoyards who fell in the cam- 
 paign of 1870-71. On the opposite bank rises a monument, 73' 
 high, to King Charles Felix of Sardinia. To the right, we obtain 
 a superb *View of Mont Blanc , whose dazzling peaks towering 
 majestically at the head of the valley seem to annihilate the inter- 
 vening distance of nearly 30 M. The Aiguille du Gouter appears 
 
 17*
 
 260 V. Route 72. SALLANCHES. From Geneva 
 
 first; then, from right to left, the Dome du Gouter, Mont Blanc it- 
 self, the Mont Maudit, Mont Blanc du Tacul, the Aiguille du Midi, 
 and the Aiguille Yerte. — Steam-tramway to the N. to Bonne, see 
 p. 262. 
 
 Beyond Bonneville the railway traverses, in an almost straight 
 line, the broad valley of the Arve, bounded by lofty mountains. 
 To the right winds the road ascending to Brizon. Crossing the 
 Giffre we reach (24M.) Marignier (1530'; Inn; branch-line to Porjt 
 de Risse, see p. 262). To the right rise lofty limestone hills. We 
 continue to skirt the right bank of the Arve (on the hill to the left 
 is Chdtillon, see below) to (2872^0 Cluses (1605'; new *Hotel 
 opposite the station; Hot. Revuz), a small town, chiefly inhabited 
 by watchmakers, at the beginning of the narrower part of the Arve 
 valley, and at present the terminus of the railway. 
 
 A winding road ascends hence to the N. via Chdtillon to (6 M.) Taninges, 
 on the line from Geneva to Samoens (p. 262); and another new road, 
 formed by blasting the rock, leads to the right to (2 M.) Nancy-sur-Cluset. 
 — To Annecy via Grand Bornand., see p. 258. 
 
 The Road to Chamoxix leads from Cluses through the narrowing 
 gorge of the Arve, on the right bank of the stream. Beyond (3 M.) 
 Balme (1624'), in the bluish-yellow limestone precipice to the left, 
 750' above the road, is seen the entrance to the Grotte de Balme, a 
 stalactite-grotto hardly worth visiting (2 hrs. there and back ; 3 fr. 
 each pers.). Near (S3^l.) Magland is a spring by the road-side, on 
 the left, supposed by Saussure to descend from the small Lac de 
 FLaine (4695') on the hill above. On the right, farther on, rise the 
 Pointe d'Areu (8097') and thePointe Percee (9025'; see below), and 
 on the left, the bold precipices of the Aiguilles de Varens (8831'). 
 The conspicuous Cascade d'Arpenaz is imposing after rain. 
 
 The valley expands. The road crosses the Arve, and leads 
 straight on through the broad valley, at first through wood , and 
 affording a continuous view of the Mont Blanc group. 
 
 39 M. Sallanches (1788'; Hot. des Messageries ; Bellevue; Mont 
 Blanc), a somewhat dull little town. 
 
 The Pointe Percee (9025'), commanding a fine view of Mont Blanc, 
 may he ascended from this point over the Chalet des Fours in 5V2 hrs. 
 (no* difficulty for experts). — Route from Sallanches by Fliimet to Alhert- 
 ville., see p. 256; to Annecy over the Col des Aravis, see p. 258. 
 
 The road next leads by Domancy to (44 M.) Le Fayet (I860' ; 
 Hotels), by the bridge over the Bon-Nant, destroyed with St. Ger- 
 vais-les-Bains in July, 1892. 
 
 In the wooded ravine of Montjoie^ V2 M. from the Chamonis road, on 
 ih& Bon-Nant are the ruins of i^e, Baths of St. Gervais, which were totally 
 destroyed by an outburst of the Bionnassay Glacier (p. 277) in July 1892. 
 A shady path leads in 20 min. from the baths to the Village of St. Gervais 
 (2657'; ~H6tel du Mont Joli; 'du Montblanc; de Geneve; *des Strangers, and 
 several pensions), on the road to Contamines (p. 278), a health-resort, 
 finely situated. About 3/4 M. below the village (4 min. from the footpath 
 to the Baths) is the ^Cascade de Cripin, a waterfall on the Bon-Nant. From 
 St, Gervais a carriage-road leads via Bionnay to (6 M.) Contamines (p. 278). 
 To Alberlville or Annecy via Mighve and Flumet, see p. 256. — The Mont Joli
 
 to Chamonix. SERVOZ. V. Route 72. 261 
 
 (8288') may be ascended without difliculty from this point in 5 hrs. The 
 descent may be made by St. Nicolas de Veroce (in all 8 hrs. ; comp. p. 278). 
 Pedestrians may quit the diligence at Le Fayet and walk over the 
 Col de la Forclaz (5105'), between the Teie-Noire (5800'; not to be con- 
 founded with the Tete-Noire between Chamonix and Martigny) and the 
 Prarion (6460'), direct to Le Fouillif and Les Houches in 5-6 hrs. (guide de- 
 sirable, 6 fr.). A longer but more interesting route (6-7 hrs.) is over the 
 Col de Voza (p. 277). 
 
 From Le Fayet a road crosses the Arve to Chede and Servoz 
 (see below). The road to Chamonix on the left bank of the Arve 
 ascends gradually, with the torrent almost immediately below it, 
 passes through a cutting and enters the wooded valley of (47V2 ^^0 
 Le Chdtelard (tavern). Through the opening of the valley appear 
 the Dome du Gouter (14,210') and the jagged Aiguille du Midi 
 (12,610'). Beyond the inn is a short tunnel; the road returns to 
 the Arve for a short distance. 
 
 A road diverges here to the left and crosses the Arve to (V^ M.) Ser- 
 voz (Hot. -Pens. Diosaz, at the entrance of the gorge ; A la Fougere, well 
 spoken of), whence we may visit (in 1 hr., there and back) the 'Gorges 
 de la Siosaz (adm. 1 fr.), a grand ravine, through which the Diosaz, 
 a torrent rising on the Buet, dashes in fine cascades. Easy access to the 
 gorge is afforded by a gallery, V2 ^l- long, attached to the rocks. Visitors 
 should penetrate as far as the Gorge de Soufflet, the most imposing part, 
 with triple waterfall. 
 
 50 M. Les Monties is an inn by the Pont Pelissier, over which 
 the old road from Servoz comes to join ours. About ^/o M. farther 
 on, the old road ascends to the right to Le Fouilly and Les Houches 
 (p. 277), while the new road traverses the wild ravine of the Arve, 
 crossing the stream by the *Pont de Marie (fine view of the gorge) and 
 again higher up. The glaciers now gradually become visible, but owing 
 to the vastness of the mountains in which they are framed it is im- 
 possible at first to realise their extent. The first are the Glaciers de 
 Oriaz and de Taconay ; then the Glacier des Bossons (p. 268) near 
 the village of that name, which, as it extends farthest into the valley, 
 is apparently the largest. A little above it the road crosses the Arve 
 by the Pont de Perralotaz, and 1 M. beyond it reaches — 
 
 56 M. Chamonix^ see p. 264. 
 
 ii. Vifi, Sixt. 
 
 Railway from Geneva to (5 M.) Anneniasse in 13 min. Steam Teamwat 
 from Annemasse to SamOLiis, 341/2 J^l-, in 3 hrs. (4 fr. 15, 2 fr. 65, 1 fr. 
 50 c). From Samoens to Sixt, 5 M., omnibus in 1 hr. From Sixt to 
 Chamonix, bridle-path (10-11 hrs.) over the Col d'Anterne and Col du Bre- 
 vent (guide, 18 fr., unnecessary in good weather), a somewhat fatiguing 
 expedition , as both passes and the ascent and descent between them 
 must usually be accomplished in the hot midday hours, but atlording 
 splendid views of Mont Blanc. Provisions should be carried, as nothing 
 except milk is to be obtained on the way. 
 
 From Geneva to (5 M.) Annemasse, see p. 259. At the N. end 
 of Annemasse the line turns to the E. (right), leaving the hill of 
 Monthoux to the left (sta.tions Mallebrande, Ba$-Monthoux^ and skirts 
 the foot of the Voirons via Borly to (8 M.) La Bergue.
 
 262 V. Route 72. TANINGES. From Geneva 
 
 The Pralaire (4630'; comp. p. 221), the S. peak of the Voirons, may 
 be ascended via Les Gets in IV4 hr. from Lucinges, which lies 2 M. to the 
 N.E. of La Bergue. Fine view from the summit. 
 
 9 M. Bonne, a market-village, formerly fortified, on the Menoge. 
 
 Beaxch-line to the S. past Findrol into the valley of the Arve and via 
 Contamines-sur-Arve, Perriiie and Les Baudins in 1 hr. to Bonneville (p. 259). 
 
 IO1/2M. Sous-Malan; 11 M. Pont deFillinges (1785'; Inn). The 
 line now quits the Menoge, at a point 41/2 M. to the S. of Bo'ege, 
 ■whence starts the most convenient route to the (6 M.) Voirons 
 (p, 221), ascends the valley of theForon to the right stations JBrec/nT/, 
 Viuz-en-Sallaz) and soon after surmounting the watershed between 
 the Menoge and Giffre (2065'), passes (15 M.) Ville-en-Sallaz, 
 situated to the left. Thence it descends to the right, between the 
 Pointe rfes Brasses (4940') and the Mole (6130'), to La Tour and — 
 
 171/2 M. St. Jeoire (1925'; Couronne), a market- village of 1750 
 iuhab., with the chateau of FLechere and a statue of Sommeiller, one 
 of the engineers of the Mont Cenis Tunnel (see p. 257). 
 
 The Mole (6130'). which commands a fine view of the valley of the 
 Arve and of Mont Blanc , may be ascended in 41/2 hrs. from St. Jeoire, 
 via the hamlet of Montrenaz and the chalets of Pinget, Char d'Amont, Char 
 d''Aval, and Ecuiieux. Elding is practicable to within 1 hr. of the summit. 
 
 The road now ascends a narrow gorge , which it quits for the 
 valley of the Giffre^ to the left. From (20 M.) Pont de Risse a branch- 
 line leads in 30 min. via Le Breuillet to Marignier (p. 260). 21 M. 
 Mieussxj (2225'; inns), at the W. base of the Pointe de Marcelly (see 
 below). In front rise the Buet and Mont Blanc. The line rounds 
 the conical Roc de Suets to — 
 
 26 M. Taninges (2100'; Lion d'Or; Balances), a busy little 
 town of 2253 inhab., with a College in an old abbey. The road to 
 Cluses via Chatillon (see p. 260) diverges here to the right. 
 
 The Pointe de Marcelly (7105') may be ascended hence in 41/2 hrs. by 
 a steep path via Les Pontets and the chalets of Grand Planay, or from 
 Mieussv (see above) in 5 hrs., vrith suide. — A road leads X.E. from Ta- 
 ninges,"via Les Gets (3865'), to (I3V2M.) St. Jean d'Aulph (p. 245) in the valley 
 of the Drance. 
 
 We proceed straight on through the valley of the Giffre, via La 
 Palud,Jutt€ninge,Verchaix-Morillon,LesChenets, a,ndiLeBerouzeto — 
 
 35 M. Samoens (2490'; '^Croix d'or , moderate; Hotel de la 
 Poste ,• Hotel du Commerce, unpretending) , a little town of 2540 
 inhab., lying at the foot of Mont Crion (7380'). Fine view from 
 the little chapel above the church (10 min.). 
 
 From Samoens to (6^/2 hrs.) Chompiry in the Val d'llliez, over the Col 
 de la GoUse and the Col de Coux, see p. 248. — From Samoens two passes, 
 to the left the Col de Jouplane (5635'), to the right the Col de la GoUse 
 (5480'). lead to the X. to (4 hrs.) Morzine (p. 245). 
 
 Beyond Samoens, on the right (S.) side of the valley, is the fine 
 Cascade du Nant d'Ant. Bending to the S., the Road enters a ravine 
 in which the Giffre forms a fall , 160' in height. As the valley ex- 
 pands we see in front of us the precipices of the Buet, to our right 
 the Pointe de Salles and the Pointe des Places, and to our left the 
 Pointe de Tanneverge (see below).
 
 to Chamonix. SIXT. V. Route 73. 263 
 
 40 M. Sixt or L'Ahhaye de Sixt (2480' ; Hot.-Pens. du Fer d, 
 Cheval, in an old monastery, unpretending, R. «S;L. 3, B. 1V2> 
 D. 3 fr.). 
 
 Environs. In spring, when the brooks are swollen by the melting 
 snow, the neighbourhood of Sixt abounds in fine waterfalls, there being 
 no fewer than thirty in the upper part of the valley alone , called from 
 its shape Vallee du Fer a Cheval. In summer and autumn, however, the 
 number dwindles to five or six. An attractive excursion may be made 
 through the debris of a landslip of 1602, to the Fond de la Combe, at the 
 head of the valley, with a waterfall. 
 
 From Sixt over the Col de Sagerou (7917') to Champc'ry (9 hrs., with 
 guide, difficult), see p. 248. — The Points de Tanneverge (9780'), by the 
 Col de Tanneverge (Si33'), in 9 hrs., is a difficult ascent, but commands a 
 splendid view. The descent from the Col may be made into the valley of the 
 Barberine to Emosson and thence over the Col de la Gueula to Finhaui 
 (p. 273). — The Pointe Pelouse (8118'), ascended past the Lac de Gers in 
 6 hrs., presents no difficulty; line view of Mont Blanc. The descent may 
 be made by the Desert de Plate and the Escaliers de Plati to St. Oervais 
 (p. 260; dizzy path, recalling the Gemmi). 
 
 From Sixt to Chamonix over the Bcet, 12-13 hrs., fatiguing but inter- 
 esting (guide necessarv, 23 fr. incl. return). To the Chalets des Fends, see 
 below. Thence the route leads to the left to the (2V2 hrs.) Col Lichaud 
 or des Fonds (7325'), and ascends over loose stones and snow to the top 
 of the *Buet (10,200'), which commands a magnificent view of the Mont 
 Blanc range, Monte Rosa, the Matterhorn, the Bernese Alps with the Jnng- 
 frau and the Finsteraarhorn , the Dent du Midi, and the Jura as far as 
 the mountains of Dauphine. A toil.«ome descent leads down to (2 hrs.) 
 the Chalet de la Pierre d Birard (6330; Inn), and through the ValUe de 
 Bdrard to Argentiire and (4 hrs.) Chamonix (p. 264). 
 
 The bridle-path from Sixt to the Col d'Anterne (to Chamonix 
 10-11 hrs., fatiguing) ascends the Vallee des Fonds to the S., past 
 a picturesque waterfall on the right, to (^/g hr.) Salvagmj (in front 
 rises the beautiful Pointe de Salles), beyond which it mounts in 
 zigzags the grassy hill to the left, past the Cascade duEouget (Tight) 
 to the (1 '/2 hr.) Chalets des Fonds (4550' ; Alpine fare"), near which is 
 'Eagle's Nest', the summer residence of Sir Alfred Wills, at the foot 
 of the Buet (see above). About 5 min. farther up beyond the bridge 
 we ascend to the right (the path to the left leads to the Col 
 Lechaud, see above), following a wide curve past the Chalets de 
 Orasse-Chlvre to (1 hr.) the saddle of the Bas du Col d'Anterne. 
 Then leaving the Chalets d'Anterne below us to the right, we cross 
 the pastures of that name, and skirt the Lac d'Anterne to (17'2 hr.) 
 the *Col d'Anterne (7425'), where a magnificent survey of Mont 
 Blanc suddenly breaks upon our sight. We descend to the left (the 
 path to the right leads in 21/) Ill's, to Servoz), in view of the Aiguil- 
 les Rouges, into the valley of the Diosaz, which we cross after IV2 ^r. 
 by a wooden bridge (5532'). We once more ascend, to the (i^/zhi.) 
 Col du Brevent (8075'), which also commands a fine view of Mont 
 Blanc. Thence the descent leads chiefly through wood, via Plan- 
 praz and Les Chahleites (p. 208) to (2 hrs.) Chamonix.
 
 264 
 
 73. Chamonix and Environs. 
 
 Hotels. *H6t. iMPfeBiAL, *H6t. de Londres et d'Angleteere, *H6t. 
 RoTAL ET DE Sadssure ; at these, R., L., & A. 4-6 fr. and upwards, B. li/z, 
 D. 5 fr. ; *H6t. dd Montblanc, R., L., & A. 3-5, D. 5 fr. ; *H6t.-Pen3. 
 CouTTET, R., L., & A. 3'/2-4, D. 4 fr. ; = H6t, des Alpes, R. L., & A. from 
 3, D. 4, pens. 9 fr. — '-Hotel Beau-Site, in an open situation at the S. end 
 of the village, R. 2, D. 31/2 fr.; 'Hotel de France, R. from 2, B. IV4, pens. 
 6-7 fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Suisse^ ~Hot.-Pens. de laPoste; *H6t. de la Paix, 
 moderate; Hotel-garxi Beausejour; "Croix Blanche, R. & L. 2, B. 11/4, 
 D. 3 fr. ; *Hot.-Pens. de la Terrasse, with cafe. 
 
 Guides. A guide is unnecessary for the Montanvert^ the FUghre^ the Br^vent, 
 and the Pierre Pointue. The paths are so minutely described in the following 
 pages that they can hardly be mistaken. Visitors to the Chapeau need only 
 engage a guide for the passage of the Mer de Glace to or from the Chapeau 
 (p. 266). The following extract is from the '■R'eglement et Tarif des Guides 
 de Chamonix'. Travellers are provided with guides by the Guide-Chef^ who 
 is bound to employ each in turn, the traveller having no choice except in 
 these cases: (1) When a course extraordinaire (see below) is contemplated; 
 (2) When an excursion is made for scientific purposes-, (3) When the 
 traveller speaks no French , and the guide is unacquainted with the lan- 
 guage of the traveller ; (4) When travellers have previously employed a 
 certain guide and desire to re-engage the same ; (5) When ladies travelling 
 alone wish to engage a particular guide ; (6) When the traveller is a member 
 of an Alpine club. 
 
 The excursions are divided into Courses Ordinaires and Courses Extra- 
 ordinaires. A complete tariff may be had of the Guide-Chef. 
 
 CoDKSES Oedinaibes : 
 
 Glacier des Bossons and back 6fr. 
 
 Montanvert and back ... 6fr. 
 
 Montanvert, Mer de Glace, Cha- 
 peau, and back 9fr. 
 
 Hontanvert, Mer de Glace, 
 Chapeau, Flegere, and back 
 in one day 12 fr. 
 
 Flegere and back 7 fr. 
 
 Pierre -Pointue 8; including 
 the Aiguille de la Tour or 
 Pierre aTEchelle 9; or with 
 the Plan de TAiguille . . 10 fr. 
 
 Col de Balme 8; back by Tete 
 Noire 10; or by Barberine, 
 incl. Cascades de Barberine 
 and de Berard in one day 10, 
 in two days 12 fr. 
 
 Ascent of Buet and down to 
 Sixt, incl. return-fee, in one 
 day 23, in two days ... 28 fr. 
 
 Martigny by the Col de Balme 
 or Tete-Noire, or to Ver- 
 nayaz by Salvan .... 
 
 Brevent by Planpraz 10, by 
 the Flegere and down by 
 Planpraz 
 
 Brevent by Plan Bel Achat 
 10, Lac du Brevent 9, Plan 
 Bel Achat 
 
 Jardin,and back byChapeau 14 ; 
 with night on Montanvert 
 
 Mer de Glace d'Argentiere 8, 
 to the 'glacier-circus' in one 
 day 12, in two days . . . 
 
 Sixt by the Brevent and Col 
 d'Anterne in one day (incl. 
 return-fee) 
 
 Sixt by Servoz and Col d'An- 
 terne 
 
 Pavilion de Bellevue, Col de 
 Voza, or Prarion .... 
 
 Courses Extraordinaires ; 
 
 Mont Blanc 100 fr. 
 
 Grands Mulcts and back in one 
 day 20, in two days 30, Grand 
 Plateau 50, Dom'e du Gouter 
 60, Corridor or Bosses du 
 Dromadaire 70 fr. 
 
 Courmayeur by the Col de la 
 Brenva80; Cols de Trelatete, 
 d'Argentiere , de Pierre-Jo- 
 seph, desHirondelles60; Cols 
 
 du Geant, de Triolet,du Char- 
 donnet 
 
 Aiguille Verte 100, Grandes 
 Jorasses 80, Aig. d'Argen- 
 tiere and du Chardonnet 65, 
 Aig. du Midi 60, Aig. du 
 Tour 
 
 Glacier - excursions on the 
 Mont Blanc chain, above the 
 zone of vegetation, per day 
 
 12 fr. 
 
 12 fr. 
 
 Sfr. 
 16 fr. 
 
 18 fr. 
 
 18 fr. 
 18 fr. 
 8fr. 
 
 50 fr. 
 
 50 fr. 
 10 fr.
 
 # 
 
 1'' 
 
 p. 
 
 fe 
 
 W ■ 
 
 -^•'-' ., .Asr-^f^^xi 
 
 
 1^. 
 
 
 Vr 
 
 # 
 
 >«fla.4^",U^^''^^'"" 
 
 ■■ r\
 
 CHAMONIX. V. Route 73. 265 
 
 The guides are bound on the 'courses ordinaires' to carry baggage not 
 exceeding 24 lbs. ; on the 'courses extraordinaircs', 14 lbs. only. — The 
 following are recommended for difficult expeditions : Ed. and Aug. Cupelin ; 
 Frangoig and Henri Devoranovd; Jules Bossone!/ ; Ff6d. and Michel Folli- 
 giiet; Alph, , Michel and Fr^d. Pai/ot ; Ben. Simon, sumamed Benoni; Toh. 
 Tairraz; A. Tournier; Lion and Jules Simond from Praz; Frang., Alfred, 
 and Joseph Si>7iond from Lavanchcr; Gasp, and Joseph Simond from Mos- 
 sons; Michel Savioz; Frang. Meugner, etc. 
 
 Horses and Mules. With the exception of the excursion to the 3Ion- 
 tanvert and Chapeau (9 fr.), and to the Montanvcrt for the purpose of 
 visiting the Jardin, and back to Chamonix in the evening (9 fr.), the same 
 charges are made as for the 'courses ordinaires' of the guides, and as much 
 more is charged for the attendant. 
 
 The Collection of Pictures of M. Loppi , the well-known painter of 
 Alpine scenery, situated behind the Hotel Royal, on the way to the Mont- 
 anvcrt, is worth seeing. Admission gratis (small fee to the attendant). 
 
 English Church Service during the season. 
 
 Points of Interest. The traveller should devote three or four days at least 
 to Chamonix, but those who have one day only at command should ascend. 
 the JIoNTANVEKT (p. 2G6) in the morning (2V2 hrs.), cross the Mer de Glace 
 (p. 260) to the (IV2 hr.) Chapeau (p. 267) , descend to (1 hr.) Les Tines 
 (p. 267), ascend the FLKCfeRE (p. 267; 2V2 hrs.), and descend thence in 
 13/4 hr. to Chamonix. Early in the morning the path to the Montanvert 
 is in shade, in the afternoon that to the Flegere at least partly so •, and by 
 this arrangement we reach the Flt'gere at the time when the light is 
 most favourable for the view of Mont Blanc. For this excursion a guide 
 (to be found on the Montanvert) is necessary for the 3Ier de Glace only. 
 Riders send their mules round from Montanvert to Les Tines or the Chapeau 
 to meet them. The excursion to the Flegere alone takes 5 hrs., and that to 
 the Montanvert or the Chapeau about the same time. — Those who come 
 from the E., and have spent the night at Argentih'e, should leave the road 
 near Lavancher (p. 271) and proceed by the Chapeau , the Mer de Glace 
 (comp. , however , p. 266) and Montanvert to Chamonix. The Flt^gere 
 may also be reached from La Jovx (p. 271), on the right bank of the Arve ; 
 but the path is bad and unsuitable for riding, and cannot be found with- 
 out a guide (boy I-U/2 fr.). 
 
 On a cloudy afternoon, when the views from the heights are concealed, 
 the Glacier des Eossons (p. 269) is the best object for a walk (there and 
 back 3 hrs.). — To the Ca.scade dk BLAiTiiiRE, on the hill-side to the E. of 
 Chamonix, V2 hr. (hardly worth seeing ; adm. Vz fr.). — To the Pavillon 
 DE LA PiKRRE-PoiNTDE (p. 269) and back, 5-6 hrs. ; or, including the Aiguille 
 de la Tour and Pierre a TEchelle, a whole day. — To the Jardin (p. 267) 
 from the Montanvert (where the night is spent) and back, 7-8 hrs. (from 
 Chamonix and back 11-12 hrs. ; guide necessary). — Ascent of the Br^vent 
 (p. 268) and back, 7 hrs.; ascent or descent by the Flegere 2 hrs. more. 
 
 The *VaUey of Chamonix (3445'; pop. about 4000), or Cha- 
 niouny, 12 M. long, 1/2 ^I- wide, watered by the Arve, runs from 
 N.E. to S.W., from the Col de Balme to Les Houches. It is bounded 
 on the S.E. by the Mont Blanc chain, with its huge ice-cataracts, the 
 Glacier du Tour, d'Argentiere, des Bois (Mer de Glace), and des Bos- 
 sons; and on the N.W. by the Aiguilles Rouges and the Brevent. 
 
 A Benedictine priory first brought the valley into cultivation at the 
 beginning of the r2th cent., but the reputation of the inhabitants was for 
 a long period so bad that when St. Francis de Sales, Bishop of Geneva 
 (1602-22), visited the then pathless wilds on foot, this was considered an 
 act of the utmost temerity. The valley became better known in 1743, 
 when the celebrated traveller Pococke and a Mr. Wyndham visited and 
 e.xplored it in all directions, and published their observations in the 2fer- 
 cnre Suisse. Curiosity and enterprise were further stimulated by the publi- 
 cations of the Genevese naturalists de Saussure, de Luc. Bourrit, Pictet,
 
 266 V. Route 73. CHAMONIX. Montanvert. 
 
 and others. Since that time Chamonix has become a great centre of at- 
 traction for travellers , especially English, American, and French, and is 
 visited by upwards of 15,000 annually. It is inferior to the Bernese Ober- 
 land in picturesqueness of scenery , but superior in the grandeur of its 
 glaciers, in vphich respect it has no rival but Zermatt. 
 
 In front of the Hotel Royal, -where the route to Mont Blanc (to 
 the right) diverges from that to the Mer de Glace (to the left), rises 
 the *Saussure Monument, unveiled in August, 1887, on the cen- 
 tenary of the first ascent of Mont Blanc, and consisting of a bronze 
 group (by Salmson of Geneva) on a granite pedestal , representing 
 Saussure conducted by Balmat (p. 269) 5 inscription: 'a H. B. de 
 Saussure Chamonix reconnaissant'. Another small monument to 
 Balmat stands in front of the church. 
 
 The *Montanvert, or Montenvers (6303'; 21/2 lirs. ; guide un- 
 necessary), an eminence on the E. side of the valley, is visited for 
 the sake of the view it affords of the vast 'sea of ice' which fills the 
 highest gorges of the Mont Blanc chain in three branches (Glacier 
 du Geant or du Tacul, Glacier de Leschaux, and Glacier de Ta- 
 le fre), and which descends into the valley in a huge stream of ice, 
 about 41/2 M. long and \ 2*^74 ^^- hroad, called the Mer de Glace 
 above the Montanvert, and the Glacier des Bois below it. The bridle- 
 path leads to the left by the Hotel Royal, passes the little English 
 church, and crosses the meadows (to the left of the cemetery-wall) to 
 the (1/4 hr.) houses of Les Mouilles. We now ascend through pine- 
 wood to the right (again turning to the right after 1/4 hr.), past the 
 (10 min.) Chalets des Planar ds ^ to (40 min.) Le Caillet (4880'; 
 refreshm.), a spring by the wayside. Farther on (12 min.), a bridle- 
 path to the left descends to Les Bois (p. 267). Our path ascends 
 gradually through wood to the (1 hr.) * Hotel du Montanvert (R., L., & 
 A. 4, lunch 4, D. 5, pens. 9 fr.), at the top of the hill, commanding 
 the *Mer de Glace and the mountains around it : opposite us rises the 
 huge Aiguille du Dru (12,517') ; behind it, to the left, is the snow- 
 clad Aiguille Verte (13,540') and lower down the Aig. du Bochard 
 (8765'), to the right the Aig. du Moine (11,214') ; farther distant 
 are the Grandes Jorasses (13,800'), the Mont Mallet (13,085'), and 
 the .4i^. du Geani (13,160'); and immediately to our right tower 
 the Aiguilles de Charmoz (11,295') and de Blaitiere (11,595'). 
 
 From the Montanvert travellers usually cross the Mer de Glace 
 to the (IVi-^V^ l^^O Chapeau, opposite. A path descends the left 
 lateral moraine to i^i'^x.) the glacier (where guides are generally to 
 be found at the hut; wooUen socks to prevent slipping, 1 fr.). The 
 passage of the glacier (15-20 min.; guide, unnecessary for the ex- 
 perienced, 3 fr. , or to the Chapeau 5 fr.) presents no difficulty. 
 On the opposite side we ascend over loose stones and de'bris to the 
 (5 min.) top of the right lateral moraine (refreshmts.) , skirting 
 which we then descend by a narrow path to the '■Mauvais Pas\ a 
 steep rock, where the path is hewn in steps and flanked with iron 
 rods attached to the rocks, and the (40 min.) Chapeau. (Elderly
 
 Fliglre. CHAMONIX. V. Route 73. 267 
 
 travellers and those subject to giddiness, are to be dissuaded from 
 attempting the Mauvais Pas.) Guides for travellers making this ex- 
 cursion in the reverse direction are not always to be found at the 
 Chapeau ; if required, they should be brought (from the Hot. da 
 Mauvais Pas at Lavancher, 6 fr. , see below). 
 
 The *Chapeau (5082' ; Restaur., dear), a projecting rock on the 
 N.E. side of the Glacier des Bois, at the base of the Aiguille du 
 Bochardj is considerably lower than the Montanvert, but commands 
 an excellent survey of the ice-fall of the Glacier des Bois and the 
 Chamonix Valley. In the background Mont Mallet (13,085') and 
 the Aiguille du Geant (13,160') ; to the right the Aiguilles de Char- 
 moz (11,295'), de Blaitiere (11,595'), da Pian (12,050'), and du 
 Midi (12,610'), the Bosses du Dromadaire (14,950'), the Dome du 
 Go-ater (14,210'), and the Aig. du Goxiier (12,710'). 
 
 A bridle-path descends the moraine from the Chapeau, in view 
 of the precipices of the Glacier des Bois and the Aiguille du Dru, 
 and then through pine-wood to (40 miu.) the Hotel du Mauvais Pas 
 (p. 271). Here it divides: to the right to (10 min.) Lavancher^ to 
 the left to (20 min.) Les Tines (p. 271). The route hence to the 
 Flegere crosses the Arve at the inn 'a la Mer de Glace', then leads 
 to the left through wood and pastures to (20 min.) the beginning of 
 the zigzag path (see below). A shorter path, rough and unfit for rid- 
 ing, diverges from the path to Les Tines (20 min. from the Chapeau) 
 to the left, and descends the moraine (passing the Source of the Arvey- 
 ron below on the left) to Les Bois and (40 min.) Les Praz (see below). 
 
 The Jardin (9145'; guide necessary, p. 265) is a triangular rock rising 
 from the midst of the Glacier de TaU/re , and walled in by moraines. 
 Around a spring in the midst of this oasis Alpine flowers bloom in August. 
 From the Montanvert, where the night is passed, we skirt the somewhat 
 dizzy rocks of Les Fonts to the right and traverse the moraine to the Angle; 
 here we take to the crevassed Mer de Glace, and ascend it for 2V2-3 hrs. 
 to the foot of the Sdracs de TaU/re. We now turn to the right, ascend 
 past the Pierre d, Biranger, on the S. side of the Seracs t^A-l hr. ; a 
 wooden hut halfway up) , and cross the Talefre Glacier to the (25 min.) 
 Jardin. This excursion makes us acquainted with the grand icy wilds of 
 the Mont Blanc group ; though somewhat fatiguing, it presents no difficulty 
 to good walkers, and is even undertaken by ladies. Provisions necessary. 
 
 The *Flegere (5925'; ascent from Chamonix 3, descent 2 hrs.), 
 to the N. of Chamonix, is a buttress of the Aiguille de la Floria 
 (9690') , one of the highest peaks of the Aiguilles Rouges. We fol- 
 low the Argentiere road to (17-2 ^1-) ^^^ Chahles. The direct foot- 
 path diverges to the left immediately on this side of the Arve bridge, 
 leading in 12 min. through pastures (^marshy at places) to the foot 
 of the mountain, where the ascent begins. [The bridle-route, a few 
 minutes longer, crosses the Arve to Les Pras (p. 271), diverges to the 
 left at the last house (guide-post), crosses the Arve and is joined by 
 the path mentioned above.] We now ascend the stony slope in long 
 zigzags. After 35 min. we enter the wood to the right, pass (35 min.) 
 ih^Chalet des Praz (refrm.), and in 1 hr. more reach the Croix de la 
 Flegere (Inn, lunch B'/o, 1~>. 4, pens. 5-6 fr.). The *View (comp. Pano-
 
 268 T; Route 73. CHAMONIX. Brevent. 
 
 rama) embraces the entire chain of Mont Blanc, from the Col de Balme 
 to beyond the Glacier des Bossons. Opposite ns lies the basin of the 
 Glacier des Bois (Mer de Glace) , enclosed by the sharply defined 
 Aiguilles: to the left the Aig. du Dru and the huge snow-clad Aig. 
 Verte; to the right the Aiguilles de Charmoz, de Blaitiere, du Plan, 
 and du Midi. The summit of Mont Blanc is also distinctly seen, but 
 is less striking than the lower peaks owing to its greater distance. 
 The jagged pinnacles of the Aiguilles Rouges also present a singular 
 appearance. Evening light most favourable. 
 
 From the Flt'gere the bridle-path continues to (1 hr.) the Chalet de la 
 Floria, from which the Aiguille de la Floria (96S5'), aflfording a magni- 
 licent view to the W. as far as the Lake of Geneva, may be ascended, 
 with guide, in 3 hrs. — Those bound from the FJegere toArgentiere may 
 descend direct to La Joux (comp. p. 271; path hardly to be mistaken on 
 the descent). 
 
 The ^Brevent (82t5'), the S.W. prolongation of the Aiguilles 
 Rouges^ affords a similar but finer view. While from the Flegere the 
 Mer de Glace and the Aiguille Yerte are the chief features , Mont 
 Blanc is here revealed in all its grandeur ; to the right of the Buet and 
 the Aiguilles Rouges we also see the Bernese Alps, and to the S.W. 
 the Alps of the Dauphine. The new bridle-path (47-2 hrs. ; guide, 
 10 fr., unnecessary; horse with attendant 20 fr.) leads from Cha- 
 monix to the W., passing the hamlets of La Mola and Les Mossons, 
 and ascends through wood to (1 1/2 ^■) Plan Nachat (4833'; refreshm.), 
 an admirable point of view ; and then in numerous zigzags to the 
 (I3/4 br.) Plan Bel Achat (6975'; Restaurant with beds, D. 4 fr.), 
 on a saddle to the S.W. of the summit. Thence to the top, passing 
 the sombre little Lac du Brevent, IY4 hr. more. 
 
 Or we may ascend the 'Chemin Muletier de Chamonix a Sixf past 
 the Restaurant' des Chahlettes to (;:5 hrs.) Planpraz (6770'; Inn, dear); then 
 mount rather steeply to the left, and lastly through a rocky gully {la Che- 
 minie) to the (i'A hr.) summit fguide 10 fr.). Some of the iron bars fixed 
 in the chimney to assist climbers have become loose, so that the ex- 
 pedition, especially the descent, is recommended only to experts. — The 
 Brevent may also be combined with the Flegere. The -Route de Planpraz', 
 a well-defined path, diverges to the right from the Flegere path, about 
 20 min. below the Croix de la Flegere, and undulates along the slope of 
 the mountain, in full view of the Mont Blanc chain, passing the Chalets de 
 Charlanoz halfway, to the (2 hrs.) inn of Planpraz (p. 263), which is visible 
 from the Flegere. 
 
 To the *Glacier des Bossons an interesting walk (3 hrs. there 
 and back). We follow the Geneva road (p. 261) by the (1 M.) Pont 
 de Perralotaz to the left bank of the Arve and, diverging to the left 
 at the hamlet of Les Bossons by a good path, ascend to the Pavilion 
 Foncitre (refreshm.) on the left moraine. Fine view of the huge gla- 
 cier, which has begun to advance of late, overshadowed by the Mont 
 Blanc du Tacul (13,940'). On the left rise the Aiguilles du Midi 
 (12,610') and deBlaitiere (11,595'). We descend to the grotto hewn 
 in the glacier (85 yds. long, interesting; adm. and lights 1 fr.) and 
 cross the glacier (guide necessary, 2 fr. ; woollen socks to prevent 
 slipping 1 fr.) to the (1/2 ^r-) top of the right lateral moraine.
 
 A.g.duTrkot ^ti,Jol, 
 
 Bri^v^nt
 
 M, Mailed >.^,.:n^:^^'^%,,,^-:.. 
 
 „,.^j...J^'^>i""" A,gd.Wm 
 
 
 r^
 
 Mont Blanc. CHAMONIX. V. Route 73. ^^"d 
 
 Desceuding over debris, and farther on through wood, we join the 
 path to the Pierre Poiutue at the Nant des PMerins (see below; to 
 Chainonix 1 hr.). 
 
 The *Pavilloii de la Pierre-Pointue (6722'} is another favour- 
 ite point (bridle-path, 21/-2-3 hrs.; horse 8fr. ; guide unnecessary). 
 On the left bank of the Arve we pass the hamlets ofLePraz Conduit, 
 Les Barats, and (by the upper path, to the left) Les Tsours ; here we 
 turn to the left, ascend through wood on the right bank of the brook 
 to the (25 min.) Cascade da Bard (cantine), a fine double fall, and 
 then cross the broad stony bed of theiYan^ des Pelerins . (After 5niin. 
 the path to the Glacier des Bossons diverges to the right; see above.) 
 We then ascend to the left in zigzags on the side of a wild valley, 
 through which the Nant Blanc dashes over rocks, to the (1 hr.) Chalet 
 de la Para (5265') and the (IV4 hr.) Pavilion de la Pierre-Pointue 
 (Restaur., dear), on the brink of the huge Glacier des Bossons, with 
 its beautiful ice -fall. Opposite, apparently quite near, rise Mont 
 Blanc, the Dome du Gouter, the Aiguille du Gouter, etc.; also a 
 superb view to the N. and AV. 
 
 An interesting point is tlic Aiguille de la Tour (TCSO*), which com- 
 mands the best survey of the Glacier des Bossons (1 hr., guide desirable; 
 ascend to the loft by the pavilion). — The Pierre a I'Echelle (7910') is 
 another fine point (I'/i hr. ; guide advisable). The narrow path (route to 
 Mont Blanc, see below) leads by the pavilion to the right, round an angle of 
 rock, and ascends to the brink of the Glacier des Bossons (where falling 
 stones are sometimes dangerous). Admirable view of the riven ice-masses 
 of the glacier; above them the Aiguille du Gouter, the Dome du Gouter, 
 the Bosses du Dromadaire, and the highest peak of Mont Blanc; in the 
 foreground are the Grainlx Mtilets (see p. 270) , 2'/2 hrs. distant (guide 
 necessary). — The Aiguille du Midi (12,610') may be ascended from the 
 Pierre-Pointue via the Pierre a TEchelle and the" Col du Midi (11,810') in 
 about 8V2 hrs. (guide 60 fr.) ; difficult. The *View is very fine. The descent 
 may be made via the Vallee Blanche and the Glacier du Giant to the 
 Montanvert. — A pleasant way back from the Pierre-Pointue is by the Plan 
 de I'Aiguille (I'/jhr. ; no defined path, guide advisable), over grassy slopes 
 and the moraine of the Glacier des PHerins. We then ascend a little to 
 the Plan de P Aiguille., or La Tapiaz (7487'), lying at the foot of the pinn- 
 acles of the Aiguille du Plan (12,050') and the Aiguille du Midi (12,610'). 
 Superb view of the valley of Chamonix, with the Bernese Oberland and 
 Dauphine Mts. in the distance. We descend by the Chalets sur le Rocher to 
 Tsours (see above) and (2 hrs.) Chamo?iix. 
 
 Mont Blanc (15,730'), the monarch of European mountains 
 (Monte Rosa 15,365', Finsteraarhorn 14,025', Ortler 12,800'; the 
 PicdeNethou, the highest of the Pyrenees, 11,170'), which since 
 1860 has formed the boundary between France and Italy, is composed 
 chiefly of Alpine granite or protogine. It was ascended for the first 
 time in 1786 by the guide Jacques Balmat, and by Dr. Paccard the 
 same year. In 1787 the ascent was made by the naturalist H. B. 
 de Saussure, with eighteen guides , and described by him with his 
 valuable scientific observations; in 1825 it was accomplished by Dr. 
 E. Clarke and Captain Sherwill, and in 1827 by Mr. Auldjo. In 
 summer the ascent is now made almost daily, but travellers are cau- 
 tioned against attempting it in foggy or stormy weather , as fatal
 
 270 V. Route 73. COL DU GEANT. 
 
 accidents have not unfrequently occurred on tlie mountain. The 
 view from the summit is unsatisfactory in the common sense. Owing 
 to their great distance , all objects appear indistinct; even in the 
 clearest weather the outlines only of the great chains, the Swiss 
 Alps, the Jura, and the Apennines are distinguishable. 
 
 According to the regulations laid down by the authorities of Chamo- 
 nix, one traveller ascending Mont Blanc requires two guides (100 fr. each) 
 and one porter (50 fr.), each additional member of the party one guide 
 more ; but for experienced mountaineers one guide and one porter suffice. 
 When the 'hotel biir on the Grand s-3Iulets and other items are added, the 
 minimum cost of the ascent usually comes to 220-250 fr. for one person. On 
 the first day travellers usually ascend by the Pavilion de la Pierre- Pointue 
 (p. 269) to the (7hrs.)Grands-Mulets (10,007'; /n» with 4 rooms; bed, L.,&A. 
 12, B,3, D. 6, Vin ordinaire 41/2 fr.) ; on the second they proceed by the Petit- 
 Plateau to the (3 hrs.) Grand-Plateau (12,900'), and, bearing to the right 
 (the usual route), ascend by the snow-saddle to the left of iheBdme du GoUter 
 to the (IV2 hr.) Cabane des Bosses (14,327'; erected in 1890 by Mr. Vallot; 
 9 beds), and thence by the Bosses du Dromadaire (14,950') and the snowy arete 
 to the (IV2 hr.) summit. [This may also be reached from the Grand-Plateau 
 by the Corridor^ the Mur de la C6te^ the Rochers Rouges and Petits Mulets in 
 about 4 hrs. J They descend the same day to the Grands-Mulets, and on 
 the third day regain Chamonix (or the whole descent may be made on the 
 second day). — From St. Gervais (p. 260), by the Col de Voza (p. 277) , to 
 the (8-10 hrs.) Cabane (12,530'), on the S. side of the Aiguille du GoUter 
 (12,710'); thence by the Dome du Gofder and the Cabane des Bosses (see above) 
 in 5-6 hrs. to the top. — From Couematecr (p. 2^0) about 14 hrs. : from 
 the Combal Lake (p. 280) across the Glacier de Miage to the (71/2 hrs. from 
 Courmayeur) Cabane du Dome of the Italian Alpine Club (10,335') at the foot 
 of i^iQ Aiguille Gvise; thence across the Glacier du Dome and the S.W. arete 
 of the D6me du GoUter to the (5 hrs.) Cabane des Bosses and the (IV2 hr.) 
 summit. — Another route leads from the Combal Lake across the Glacier 
 de Miage and Glacier du Mont Blanc to the (8V2 hrs. from Courmayeur) 
 Rifugio Quintino Sella (11,155') on the Rocher du Mont Blanc, whence the 
 top is attained in 6-7 hrs.; but this route is in the middle of the day ex- 
 posed to stone avalanches and should be avoided as a descent. — The 
 ascent by the Glaciers du Brouillard and du Fresnay is very difficult and 
 dangerous. — A most interesting excursion, free from danger, is the ascent 
 of the Dome du Gouter (14,210' ; see above), 4-41/2 hrs. from the Grands- 
 Mulets ; guide from Chamonix 60 fr. 
 
 Tour du Mont Blanc, see R. 76. 
 
 From Chamonix to Courmayeur over the Col du G^ant, 15-16 hrs., 
 a trying glacier-pass, but most interesting, and for adepts not difficult 
 (guide 50, porter 30 fr.). After a night at the Hotel du Montanvert (p. 266) 
 we traverse the upper part of the Mer de Glace and the Glacier du Tacul, 
 or du Giant, the jagged 'seracs' of which must be crossed with the ne- 
 cessary precaution. On the right we pass the Mont Blanc du Tacul (13,940'), 
 and on the left the Dent du Giant (13,160' ; p. 281), and in about 6 hrs. reach 
 the Col du Geant (11.030'), between the Aiguille de Saussure (11,570') on the 
 right and the Aiguilles Marbries (11,605') on the left, with two refuge-huts 
 and splendid view. We then descend almost perpendicular rocks on the S. 
 side to the Pavilion du Mont Frity (p. 281) and Courmayeur. — Other 
 Passes over the Moxt Blanc range from Chamonix to Courmayeur (all 
 verv difiicult , and for thorough adepts onlv) : the Col de Triolet (11,455') 
 and' the Col de Talefre (11,730'), both at the head (E. end) of the Glacier 
 de Tallfre^ between the Aig. de Triolet and ih.e Aig. de Talefre (guide 50 fr.); 
 the Col de Pierre-Joseph (11,415'), to the S. of the Aig. de TaUfre (60 fr.); 
 the Col dea Hirondelles (11,420'), between the Petites and the Grandes Jo- 
 rasses (60 fr.); and the Col de Miage (11,165'), between the Aig. de Bion- 
 nassay and the Ddme de Miage (CO fr.) — Col du Mt. Dolent, see p. 272. Col de 
 Trelatete, see p. 278. — From Chamonix to Orsi^res over the Col du Char-
 
 ARGENTlfeRE. V. Route 74. 271 
 
 donnet and the Fenetre de Saleinaz. or over tlie Col d'Argeniiere, see p. 272; 
 Col du Tour, see p. 276. 
 
 From Chamonix to Sixt over the Col du Brivent and the Co! d'An- 
 terne, see p. 2G3. Over the Buet, see p. 263. 
 
 74. From Chamonix to Martigny over the Tete-Noire, 
 or to Vernayaz via Triquent and Salvan. 
 
 Camp. Maps. pp. 258, 264. 
 
 Road to Chatelard 41/4 hrs. ; thence over the Tete-Noire to Martigny 
 474 hrs., or by Salvan to Vernayaz 4 hrs. — The Maktigny Road, beyond 
 Chatelard, is narrow, and bad at places (driving not advisable in wet 
 weather). Omnibus from Martigny to Chamonix or vice versa over the 
 Tete-Noire, 16 fr. ; carriage and pair 35-40 fr. (no fixed tariff'; bargain 
 with the driver-, return-carriages may sometimes be had). The d ivers 
 frequently exchange parties on the Tete-Xoire; the traveller who objects 
 to this should stipulate for the use of the same vehicle all the way ; and 
 if he intends continuing his journey by rail from Martigny or Vernayaz, 
 payment may be made conditional on catching the train. — From Vernayaz 
 TO Chajionix a small gig for 1 pers. 40, 2 per.?. 50, 3 pers. 60. 4 pers. 
 70 fr. (from Chamonix to Vernayaz 65 fr., changing carriages at Chatelard), 
 to Finhaut 18 fr. and fee of 3 fr. ; office at Vernayaz opposite the Grand 
 Hotel des Gorges du Trient. — Guide (12 fr.) for either route of course 
 superfluous. Luggage mav be sent on by carriage by arrangement with 
 the porter of the hotel (lV-r2 fr.). 
 
 Two Roads and a Bridle-Path connect the valley of Chamonix with 
 the Valais. A road leads from Chamonix by Argentiere and Valorcine 
 to Chatelard, whence one road to the right leads by the Tete- Noire, 
 Trient, and the Col de la Forclaz to Martigny, and the other tO the left 
 to Finhaut, Salvan, and Vernayaz. The bridie-path diverges to the right 
 from the road at Argentiere, crosses the Col de Balme, and rejoins the 
 road at the Col de la Forclaz. Of these routes the road over the Tete- 
 Noire to Martigny is the most frequented, but is less interesting than that 
 to Salvan and Vernayaz, which affords finer and more varied views. The 
 path over the Col de Balme, on the other hand, though less interesting 
 on the whole, commands a superb view of the valley of Chamonix and 
 Mont Blanc, which are not seen to advantage from the other routes. Tra- 
 vellers from Martigny, approaching Mont Blanc for the first time, should 
 therefore choose the Col de Balme in clear weather. 
 
 The road ascends the valley and crosses the Arve between Les 
 Chahles (ascent of the Fle'gere, see p. 267) and (IV'i M-) -^^* 
 Praz (Hot. -Pens, du Chalet des Praz ; Pens. Couttet: both moderate). 
 The village of Les Bois and the Glacier des Bois remain on the right. 
 At (I1/2 M.) Les Tines (*A la Mer de Glace; Au Touriste) a path 
 to the Chapeau diverges to the right (p. 267). The road ascends 
 through a wooded defile to (^/^ M.) Lavancher (3848'; *H6t.-Pens. 
 du Mauvais Pas, 10 min. above the road, R. 2, pens, from 5 fr.); 
 to the Chapeau, see p. 267. About 1/2 M. farther a bridge crosses 
 the Arve to La Joux, situated to the left, behind a hill. (Ascent 
 of the Flegere, seep. 268.) We next pass the hamlets of Les lies, 
 Grasonet , and (1 M.) Les Chosalets , cross the Arve, and reach 
 (3/4 M.)- 
 
 6 M. Argentiere (3963'; Couronne^ R,, L., & A. 3, D. 31/25 pens. 
 6-7 fr. ; Bellevue') , a considerable village , where the huge glacier 
 of that name descends into the valley between the Aiguille Verte 
 (13,540') and the Aiguille du Chardonnet (12,540').
 
 272 V. Route 74. VALOKCINE. From Chamonix 
 
 *Glacier d'Argentiere. Bridle-path (guide 5, mule 6 fr.) from Argentiere 
 to the (2 hrs.) Pavilion de Lognan or du Chavdonnet (6563' ; Uevouassoud's 
 Inn) ; V* ^^- liiglier we obtain a splendid survey of the grand 'seracs' of the 
 glacier (where ice-avalanches are frequent). In i/'2 hr. more (guide necessary, 
 usually to be found at the inn) we reach the flat upper part of the glacier, 
 almost' free from crevasses (Mer de Glace d^Aygentieve). The middle of it 
 affords a striking view of the surrounding Aiguilles (du Chardonnet, d'Argen- 
 tiere, Tour Noire, Mt. Dolent, Les Courtes , Les Droites, Aig. Verte). 
 We may then ascend the glacier to (3 hrs.) the '■Jardin' (8805'), a rocky 
 'islet' at the base of the Aiguille d'Argentiere, with fine flora in summer. 
 — ExcuKSioxs from the Pavilion de L'gnan. AiguVle du Chardonnet 
 (12,540' ; 7 hrs. with guide) and Aiguille d^ Argentiere (12,835' ; 8 hrs. with 
 gnide), two difficult ascents. — To OESifiREs over the Col du Chardonnet 
 (10,978'; 11 hrs., guide oOfr.). difficult but very interesting. We ascend the 
 steep Glacier d"Argentiere to (4V2 hrs.) the Col, between the Aiguille du 
 Chardonnet and the Aiguille d'Argentiere, then cross the neve of the Gla- 
 cier de Saleinaz round the Grande Fourche (11,867') to (IV4 hr.) the Fenetre 
 de Saleinaz (10.860'). and descend by the Glacier de Trient and the Gla- 
 cier d'Oriuj to the Cabane d'Orny (p. 288) and (6 hrs.) Orsieres (p 2SS). — 
 To Orsieres over the Col d'Argentiere (11,548'; 12 hrs., guide 60 fr.), very 
 difficult. The summit of the pass, which commands a fine view, lies be- 
 tween the Tour Noire (12,545') and the Aiguilles Rouges (12.025'). The 
 dangerous descent leads across the Glacier de la Neuva to the chalets of 
 La Follv in the Vol Ferret (p. 282). — To CoCBiiATECE over the Col du 
 Mont Dolent (11,960'; 14 hrs. with guide), between Mont Dolent (12,565') 
 and the Aiguille de Triolet (12,725), another difficult expedition. The 
 descent leads by the Glacier du Pr4 de Bar to the chalets of that name 
 or to the Cabane de Triolet and into the Val Fei'ret (p. 281). — To the 
 BIoxTANVERT over the Col des Grands-Montets (10,630' ; 8 hrs., with guide), 
 difficult. , The summit of the pass lies between the Aiguille Verte and the 
 Aiguille du Bochard, at the top of the steep Glacier de la Pendant. — From 
 the Pavilion de Lognan we may return to the chalets of Lognan and Pen- 
 dant^ and follow the Chapeau route to (2V2 hrs.) Les Tines (p. 271). 
 
 Beyond the village the new Tete-Noire road ascends to the left in 
 bold windings. Beyond the (25 min.) hamlet of Trelechamp (4593'; 
 Restaur, du Col des Montets) we obtain a line retrospect of the Gla- 
 cier du Tour and the magnificent Aiguille Verte. The(V4lir.) top of 
 the pass (^Col des Montets, 4740'). the watershed between the Rhone 
 and the Arve, commands a final view of the Mont Blanc chain. 
 
 The road now turns to the W. side of the valley and gradually 
 descends, passing (20 min.) a finger-post which indicates the way 
 to the left to the (25 min.) picturesque ^Cascade a Birard , or a 
 Poyaz, in a wild ravine, a digression to which adds 1/2 hr. to the 
 walk (adm. 50c.). Through this ravine, the Vallee de Birard, 
 runs the route to the Buet (10,200') , the top of which is visible in 
 the background (see p. 263). Our road crosses the (^,'4 hr.) Eau- 
 Noire (Cantine; to the waterfall 15 min. from this point). 
 
 We next traverse a lonely valley bounded by lofty, pine-clad 
 mountains. Before us rises the Bel-Oiseau (8655')- Iii iO iiii"- 
 more we reach the first houses of the scattered village of Valorcine 
 (4232'; pop. 640), the church of which lies to the left farther on. 
 At a (20 min.) Cantine, we have a final retrospect of the summit 
 of Mont Blanch The valley contracts. The road descends to theEau- 
 Noire, which dashes over the rocks, and (5 min. ) crosses it. The 
 (74 hr.) Hotel de Barberine (closed) stands at the confluence of
 
 to Martigny. FINHAUT. V. Route 74. 273 
 
 the Eau- Noire and the Barberine , which forms a waterfall here, 
 and a finer one 7-2 hr. higher up. We cross (5 min.) the Eau-Noire 
 by a bridge (3684'), the boundary between France and Switzerland, 
 pass the Hot. Suisse au Chatelard, and reach (6 min.) the Hotel 
 Royal du Chatelard (burned down in 1886), where the two routes to 
 the Rhone Valley separate : to the right the road over the Tcte-Noire 
 to Martigny; to the left the road via Salvan to Vernayaz (see below). 
 
 From Lb Chatelard to Martigny (41/4 hrs.). The road passes 
 through a cutting in the rock and crosses the (5 min.) Eau-Noire. 
 The once dangerous Mapas (mauvais pas) descends to the left, while 
 the new road leads high above the deep and sombre valley, being 
 hewn in the rocks of the (40 min.) Tete-Noire, or La Boche-Percee. 
 To the N.W. rises the Bel-Oiseau (8655'); to the N.E., above the 
 valley of theTrient, appear the Dent de Morcl€3(;p. 236) and Grand- 
 Mceveran (p. 236). We next reach (10 min. ; from Argentiere 3 hrs.) 
 the '^Hotel de la Tete-Noire (4003'). A wooden belvedere, which we 
 pass 2 min. before the inn, affords a fine survey of the grand gorge 
 of the Eau-Noire. 
 
 A steep path descends by the inn to the left to the (20 min.) Goufire 
 de la Tete-Noire, a ravine of the Trient. with a waterfall and a natural 
 bridge CFont Mystirieux^). Tickets at the inn (i fr., with guide). The 
 steep ascent back to the hotel requires 25-30 min. — A path leads direct 
 from the ravine to Finhaut (see below). 
 
 The road here turns to the right into the sadly thinned forest 
 of Trient, skirting the base of the Tete-Noire. In the valley, far 
 below, is the brawling Trient, which joins the Eau-Noire a little 
 farther down. Where the wood is quitted, the valley widens, and we 
 reach (1/2 hr.) the village of Trient (4250'; Hot.-Pens. des Alpes', 
 Hot. du Glacier de Trient, mediocre), a little beyond which the road 
 is joined by the path from Chamonix over the Col de Balme (p. 275). 
 At the end of the valley rises the Aiguille du Tour (11,585') with 
 the fine Glacier de Trient (p. 275). 
 
 From Trient the road ascends somewhat steeply to the (40 min.) 
 Col de Trient, better known as Col de la Forclaz (4997'; two inns, 
 see p. 275). The view hence is limited, but '/2 ^^- lower down we 
 enjoy a noble survey of the Rhone Valley as far as Sion. At our feet 
 lies Martigny, reached in 2'/4 hrs. by the road (p. 275), or in l'/2 ^^^ 
 by the steep old- path. 
 
 From Lb Ch.Itblard to Vernayaz (4 hrs.). The narrow road 
 ascends from the Hot. Royal (see above) to the left, partly by zigzags, 
 for 40 min., and at a cross turns to the right, towards Finhaut. Now 
 nearly level, with views of the valleys of the Eau-Noire and the 
 Trient (see above), the Glacier de Trient (p. 275), and the Aiguille 
 du Tour, it next reaches (2/4 hr.) Finhaut, or Fins-Hauts (4060'; 
 * Ho t. - Pens. Beause jour, A^/^-b^j-i^'^-'i *Peris. du Bel-Oiseau, Pens.- 
 Restaurant du Monthlanc, Pens, de la Croix Federale, all three 
 unpretending and good), beautifully situated. 
 
 A path (the beginning of which should be asked for) leads hence direct 
 to the (1 hr.) Tete-Noire Inn. It descends steeply to a wooden bridge 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 18
 
 274 V. Route 75. SALTAN. 
 
 over the Eau-Noire, crosses it, ascends to the right, and passes several 
 houses, where, if necessary, a boy may he found to show the way, 
 to the Hotel de la Tete-Xoire (p. 273). — From Finhaut we mav ascend 
 to the W. by a good path to the (2 hr?.) Col de la Gueula (638U'), to the 
 S. of the Bel-Oiseau (see below), where we enjoy a splendid view across 
 the Barberine valley of Mont Blanc, the Glacier "de Trient. etc. and to the 
 E. of the Bernese Alps. We may descend into the Barberine valley to 
 Emosson and skirt the shoulder of the Perron (8S90'), passing the pictures- 
 que falls of the Barberine (p. 273), to Chdielard ; or we may re-ascend from 
 Emosson to the Col de Tanneverge (8133') and descend to 'Sixt (p. 265). — 
 The ascents of the Bel-Oiseau (8655' ^ from Finhaut 4 hrs. , with guide); 
 la Monda (7800'; 8 hrs., with guide), and la Rebarmaz (8115'; 3V2hrs., with 
 guide) are interesting and not difficult. 
 
 Ascending a little, then level again, the road passes (1/4 ^^0 * 
 Cantine (continuous fine view), descends through wood in many wind- 
 ings, and leads along the slope of the hill, past the hamlet of Tri- 
 quent (3260'}, to the (1 hr.) *Gorges du Triege (restaur, at the bridge), 
 with its picturesque waterfalls framed with rocks and dark pines 
 (rendered accessible by wooden pathways; 1 fr.). For the next 
 20 min. the road gradually ascends, and then descends between in- 
 teresting marks of glacier striation to (V2 hr.) Salvan (3035'; 
 Hot.-Pens. des Gorges du Triege-^ *H6t. Bellevue; * Union, moderate; 
 Engl. Church Service in summer). In the village is a large erratic 
 boulder ; interesting prehistoric sculptures. 
 
 To the ''Cascade du Dalley, a fine fall of the Salanfe^ a good path 
 leads in 40 min. by the hamlet of Les G)'anges, on the slope facing the 
 Rhone Valley. The finest point of view is opposite the fall. Lower down 
 the Salanfe forms the Pissevache Fall (p. 237). — A fine view of Mont 
 Blanc, the Grand Combin, etc may be obtained from the Mayens de la 
 Oreuse (5790'; 2V'2 hrs., with guide), to which an attractive path (suited 
 for riding) leads through wood. — The Luisin (9140'; 6 hrs. from Salvan; 
 with guide), ascended by the Alp and Col or Chieu d'Emaney (7960'), affords 
 a superb view of the Alps of Savov. the Valais, and Bern. Descent in hrs., 
 by Salanfe and Van (p. 248). — The ascent of the Dent du Midi (10,695'; 
 8 hrs. with guide), a difficult but attractive expedition, leads via Les Granges 
 and Van d'en Haul to the (3 hrs.) Alp Salanfe (6215'; night quarters), 
 whence the "W. summit is reached in 5 hrs. via the Col de Clusanfe, where 
 our route is joined by that from Champe'ry (p. 247). The E. summit is 
 more difficult (recommended to experts). — Tour Sallieres(10,5S7'), 7-8 hrs. 
 with guide, laborious, for experts only ; the night is spent at the (2V2hrs.) 
 Emaney Alp (6072'), whence the summit is reached bv the (2 hrs.) Col de 
 Barherine (8136') in 3-4 hrs. Descent to Champdry (p. 248). 
 
 From Salvan a good road , shaded by chestnut and walnut-trees 
 and crossing the stream about 50 times, descends the steep slopes 
 in thirty windings to (3/4 hr. ; up 17-2 tr.) Vernayaz (raU, stat., p. 237). 
 
 Pedestrians have an agreeable alternative to the road via Salvan in 
 the so-called 'Nouveau Chejiis"', which leads on the right bank of the Trient 
 from Vernayaz to the Tete-Xoire (3 hrs. ; guide advisable for novices). The 
 path, beginning at the exit of the Gorges du Tritnt (p. 238), ascends the 
 cliffs to the leit to the hamlet of (V2 hr.) Gueuvoz (2203'; 'Hot.-Pens. des 
 Alpes), and continues through beech-woods to G/4 hr.) La Taillat, whence 
 it mounts steeply to (3/4 hr.) the prettily situated La Crete C3385' ; simple 
 fare), and then keeps along the level via Plan a. Jeur to (1 hr.) L'ltroz 
 (SSSO") . lying high above the junction of the Trient and Eau-Xoire. We 
 descend to the left into the valley of the Trient, cross the stream by 
 a timber-bridge, and ascend to the road, which we strike a little above 
 the (3/4 hr.) Tete-Noire Hdtel (p. 273).
 
 275 
 75. From Martigny to Chamonix. Col de Balme. 
 
 Comp. Map$^ pp. 258, 264. 
 
 10 hrs. From Martigny to the Col de Balme 6, thence to Chamonix 4 
 hours. Road from Martigny to Trient , and from Tour to Chamonix. 
 Carriages, see p. 270. Guide (12 fr.) unnecessary, if the following direc- 
 tions be observed. Luggage may be sent on by carr. by arrangement 
 with the hotel-porters (comp. p. 2(0). Horse or mule and attendant 24 fr. ; 
 but from the Col to Tour the path is unfit for riding. Several inns and 
 cantines on the route. 
 
 Martigny., see p. 238. We follow the Great .St. Bernard road through 
 the long village of Martigny-Bourg (p. 238) to the {i^j^^'^.} Drance 
 Bridge (1640 'J, and (4 min. ) reach the hamlet of La Croix. A notice 
 on a house here indicates the road to Chamonix, ascending to the right, 
 through vineyards, orchards, and meadows, in numerous windings, 
 which the rugged old path cuts off: 20 min. Les Rappes; 25 min. La 
 Fontaine; 35 min. Sergnieux (3820'); ^Wiiv. Le Fay. The road here 
 takes a wide beud to the right, which the old path cuts off. By the 
 (3/4 hr.) Chalet de Bellevue we enjoy a line retrospective survey of 
 the Rhone Valley. Then (20 min.) Les Chavans (auberge), and an 
 ascent of 40 min. more to the Col de la Forclaz (4997'; Hotel Gay- 
 Descombes, R., L., & A. 3, D. 272-3 fr. ; Restaurant Fougere, 2 min. 
 farther on, moderate), 31/2 hrs. from Martigny. 
 
 From the pass a nearly level path, lately damaged in several places, 
 leads to the (li/z hr.) 'Glacier de Trient (lower end 5560'), the northern- 
 most glacier of the Mont Blanc range (good view from a point about 
 V2 hr.'s climb up the left aide). Over the Fenetre d^Arpette (8800') to 
 Champex, 51/2-6 hrs., with guide, see p. 288. — Motit d'Arpille (6830'), 
 ascended in IV2 hr. from the Col de la Forclaz, see p. 23S. 
 
 After a descent of 1/4 ^f- t^e bridle-path to the Col de Balme 
 diverges to the left from the Tete-Noire road (p. 273), and in 10 min. 
 crosses a bridge opposite the upper houses of Trient (p. 273). We 
 now ascend the meadows to the left (with the Glacier de Trient to 
 the left, see above) and (20 min.) cross the Nant-Noir ('nant', pro- 
 bably from natare, being the Savoyard word for a torrent), which 
 descends from the Mont des Herbaghres. We follow the right bank 
 for about 200 paces, and then mount to the left in steep zigzags 
 through the Forest of Magnin , which has been thinned by ava- 
 lanches. After 1 hr. the path becomes more level, passes (1/4 hr.) 
 a cantine and (^Uhr.) the chalets of Zerbazihre (6660'), and (V^hr.) 
 reaches the *Col de Balme (7225'; Hotel Suisse, tolerable), 6 hrs. 
 from Martigny, the boundary between Switzerland and France. This 
 point commands a superb view of the whole of the Mont Blanc range : 
 the Aiguilles duTour, d'Argentiere, Verte, du Dru, de Charmoz, 
 and du Midi, Mont Blanc itself, and the Dome du Gouter ; and 
 also of the valley of Chamonix as far as the Col de Voza. On the 
 right are the Aiguilles Rouges , to the left of them the Bre'vent, 
 and to the right the snow-clad Buet. In the opposite direction, over 
 the Forclaz, we survey the Valais and the mountains which separate 
 it from the Bernese Oberland, the Gemmi with its two peaks, the 
 Finsteraarhorn, Grimsel, and Furka. 
 
 18*
 
 276 V. Route 75. COL DE BALME. 
 
 A still finer *View is obtained from La Balme (ibOCf), the second emin- 
 ence to the right, with a wooden cross, abont 1/4 hr. to the N.W. of the inn, 
 at the foot of the Croix de Fer^ or Aiguille de Balme (7677'), the last spur 
 of the hills which rise abruptly above the Col de Balme. From this point 
 Mont Blanc looks still grander; to the N.E. we see the entire chain of the 
 Bernese Alps, rising like a vast white wall with countless pinnacles; and to 
 the E., at our feet, lies the Tete-Noire ravine, with the Dent du Midi rising 
 beyond it. The descent may be begun immediately from this point. The 
 ascent of the Aiguille itself is recommended to good climbers (1 hr., with 
 guide). A cross 1/4 br. below the inn on the path to Martigny is to the 
 memory of Escher von Berg, a young native of Ziirich, who lost his life 
 in attempting the ascent without a guide, 
 
 Fhoji the Col de Balme to the TfiTE-NoiEE (21/2 hrs.; no guide re- 
 quired in fine weather), fatiguing but interesting, and recommended to 
 the traveller who desires to visit both these points in one day either from 
 the Rhone Valley or from Chamonix. The views are less striking in the 
 reverse direction. To the W. of the Col, behind the above-mentioned 
 eminence with the cross, a narrow path leads nearly to the (10 min.) brink 
 of the Tete-Noire Valley , and then becomes indistinct. We turn' to the 
 right (S.) and follow a slight depression for a few minutes until a number 
 of heaps of stone become visible, to the right of which the path re-appears. 
 The chalets of Caiogne (6570') are left to the right as we descend. The 
 path next crosses the stream, and descends abruptly along the right bank 
 to a lower plateau of the mountain, then bends to the N.E., and reaches 
 (40 min.) the chalets of Grangettes. Beside the most northerly chalet, 
 beyond the stream, are two boulders, conspicuous by their light colour, 
 between which the path descends to the N., steep and stony at places, 
 but henceforward easilv traced, to the scattered chalets of Les Jeurs and 
 (IV4 hr.) the Tete-Noirc' (p. 273). 
 
 From the Col de Balme to Oesi6ees over the Col du Tour (lOjOW), 
 11-12 hrs. with guide, a fatiguing route, suited only for adepts. The route 
 skirts the clifTs of the Grands Autannes to the Glacier du Tour, over which 
 it leads to the pass, between the Aiguille du Tour (11,605') and the Petite 
 Fourche (11,605-, both ascended from the pass; fine views). The descent 
 is made via the Glacier de Trieiit and the Glacier d'Orny to the Cabane 
 d^Orn]/^ and thence to Som la Proz and Orsieres (p. 288). 
 
 The path, now rough and steep, descends over pastures carpeted 
 with rhododendrons and other Alpine flowers. On the right flows 
 the Arve (p. 265), which rises on the Col de Balme. We cross 
 several small brooks, pass (3/4 hr.) a heap of stones, and (^4 hr.) a 
 second heap, resembling a hut without a roof, and reach (1/4 hr.) 
 Le Tour (4695'), to the left of which is the fine Glacier du Tour. 
 Carriage-road hence to Chamonix (7^/^ M.). The fragments of slate 
 brought down by the Arve are carefully collected by the peasants, 
 who cover their fields with them in spring, thus causing the snow 
 under them to melt several weeks earlier than would otherwise be 
 the case. (Carr. from Tour to Chamonix with one horse 6, with 
 two 9-10 fr. ; those who intend to drive should take a carriage here 
 if possible.) About 1/2 M- beyond Tour we cross the Buisme, which 
 drains the Glacier du Tour, and (1 M.) the Arve, and soon reach 
 (V4 M.) Argentiere (p. 271 ; from the Col de Balme to Chamonix 
 a walk of 4 hrs., ascent 5-51/2 hrs.).
 
 277 
 
 76. From Chamonix to Courmayeur over the Col du 
 Bonhomme and the Col de la Seigne. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 258^ 264. 
 
 Bbidle-Path. Three days: 1st, to Contamines 6^/4 hrs. (or to Nant- 
 Borant, best night quarters, 7'/4 hrs.); 2nd, to Mottets from Nant-Bo- 
 rant, 6V2 lirs. via the Col des Fours, or 6V2 hrs. via Chapieux ; 3rd , to 
 Courmayeur 8V2 hrs. — Good walkers may reach Courmayeur from Nant- 
 Borant in one day. Or, omitting the Col de Voza, vre may drive from 
 Chamonix via St. Gervais to Contamines or to Notre Dame de la Gorge, 
 in which case Mottets is easily reached on the first day and Courmayeur 
 on the second. — Guide (not needed by good walkers in fine weather, 
 but advisable for others, especially over the Col des Fours) from Chamonix 
 to Courmayeur in two days 2U, in three day- 24 f r ; return-fee 16 fr. extra. 
 
 The Tour of Mont Blanc, as this route is called, is easy and interesting. 
 To complete our circuit of Mont Blanc, we may return to Martigny over 
 the Great St. Bernard or over the Col Ferret; good walkers proceed from 
 Aoata to Chatillon, and cross the The'odule Pass to Zermatt (in the opposite 
 direction, beginning from Zermatt, the route is less interesting). It is 
 advisable to have a passport on this expedition as both the Italian 
 and French customhouse officers now ask for some proof of the travel- 
 ler's identity. 
 
 We follow the Geneva road (p. 261) from Chamonix to (372 M.) 
 the hamlet of La Griaz, turn to the left at a large iron cross and 
 cross the deep bed of the Nant de la Griaz to (2/4 M.) Lea Houches 
 (Hot. du Glacier, poor), with a picturesquely situated church. A 
 few paces beyond the church , and on the other side of the brook 
 (guide-post), a tolerable footpath (hardly to be mistaken) diverges 
 to the left, enters the (V2 hr.) wooded ravine to the right, and 
 ascends in 11/2 h^.to the Pavilion de Bellevue (5947'), a rustic inn 
 on a saddle of Mont Lachat (see below), affording a superb *View 
 (best by evening-light) of the Chamonix Valley as far as the Col de 
 Balme , the Mont Blanc range (summit hidden by the Dome du 
 Gouter), and the valley of the Arve. 
 
 Another path (easier at first, but disagreeable after rain) diverges by a 
 cross 18 min. beyond Les Houches, and iiscends in I'/z hr. to the Col de Voza 
 (5495'; Inn closed; simple refreshments in the chalet), a depression between 
 Mont Lachat (6926') and the Prarion (p. 261), 20 min. to the W. ot the Pa- 
 vilion de Bellevue, with a tine view, but inferior to that from the Bellevue. 
 We may descend either on the right bank of the stream hy Bionn as fay to 
 Contamines, or by a better and shorter route on the slopes to the left to 
 the undermentioned bridge over the Bionnassay, where we join the route 
 from the Pavilion de Bellevue, and thence along the left bank. 
 
 From the Pavilion de Bellevue the path descends to the S. over 
 pastures (the Aiyuille de Bionnassay, 13,360', rising on the left) 
 and crosses the stream issuing from the Glacier de Bionnassay below 
 the chalets near the end of the glacier. Now a tolerable bridle-path, 
 it descends on the left side of the valley to (I74 hr.) Champel 
 and turns to the left by the fountain. We now descend rap- 
 idly, enjoying a fine view of the wooded and well - cultivated 
 Montjoie Valley, bounded on the W. by the slopes of Mont-Joli (see 
 below), with the Mont Roselette (8825') in the background, while 
 to the E., above the green lower hills, peep several of the W. snow- 
 peaks of the Mont Blanc group (Aig. de Tricot, de Trelatete, etc.).
 
 278 V. Route 76. NANT-BORANT. From Chamonix 
 
 At (IS mill.) La Villette the path leads to the right by the fountain, 
 and then (6 min.) joins the carriage-road from St. Gervais (p. 260), 
 which we follow to the left. The road crosses the brook descending 
 from the Glacier de Miage just before the hamlet of Tresse (to the 
 right, on the slope of Mont Joli, stands the conspicuous church of 
 St. Nicolas de Veroce). The road then ascends high on the right bant 
 of the Bon-Nant to Champelet and (1 hr.) — 
 
 Les Contamines-5ur-/St. Gervais (3927'; Union, E.. L., & A. 372) 
 B. 2fr. ; Hotel duBonhomme, well spoken of), a large village with a 
 handsome church. 
 
 The -Mont Joli (8290') is ascended from St. Nicolas (see above) without 
 difficulty in 3 hrs. (guide 6 fr.; auberge 3/4 hr. from the top). Splendid 
 view of Mont Blanc. — The Pavilion de Trelatete (see below) is more easily 
 reached from Contamines than from Nant-Borant (path ascending to the 
 left. 20 min. above Contamines). From Contamines by the Pavilion de 
 Trelatete to Nant-Borant, 3 hrs., interesting. — From Contamines over 
 the Col Joli to Beaufort, see p. 256. 
 
 Beyond Contamines the road descends to the hamlet of Pontet, 
 and overlooks the valley as far as the peaks of the Bonhomme. The 
 valley contracts. At (1 hr.) the bridge which crosses to the pilgrim- 
 age-chapel of Notre-Dame de la Gorge the road ends. 
 
 The bridle-path now ascends to the left, passing a bridge and 
 frequent traces of glacier-friction. Then through wood, past two 
 waterfalls, and (1/2 lir.) across the deep gorge of the Bon-Nant; 
 10 min. Chalets of HsLUt-Borajit (4780'; Inn, R. & A. 3-4, D. 
 3 fr.). We cross the wooden bridge to the left, and traverse the 
 pastures by a somewhat stony path. On the left the fall of the Gla- 
 cier de Trelatete and the Col de Beranger are visible; looking back, 
 we survey the valley as far as the Aiguilles de Varens (p. 260). 
 
 From Isant-Borant , or better from Contamines (see above), we may 
 reach Mottets or the Col de la Seigne in 7 hrs. by the Col du Mont 
 Tondu (10,13J'); trying, but without danger (guide 30 fr.). From Nant- 
 Borant we ascend to the left (fine waterfalls) to the (IV2 hr.) Pavilion de 
 Trelatete (6483'; Inn, well spoken of), which overlooks the Trelatete Glacier, 
 and mount the glacier towards the S.E. to the pass, to the left oi Mt. Tondu 
 (beautiful view , especially from a height on the left). We may either 
 descend to the right to Mottets (p. 279), or to the left over shelving rocks 
 and across the Glacie.i des Lancettes or des Glaciers to the Col de la Seigne 
 (p. 279). — Over the Col de Trelatete (11.424'), immediately S. of the 
 Aiguille de Trelatete, to the Glacier de VAlUe Blanche and Comhal Lake 
 (p. 280), very difficult (2 guides, 60 fr. each). 
 
 We next reach (50 min.) the Chalet b. la Balme (5627'), a plain 
 inn, situated at the head of the Montjoie Talley. 
 
 In doubtful weather, or if evening is approaching, a guide should be 
 taken from this point to the summit of the pass (3fr.): but, as guides 
 are not always to be had here, it is safer to engage one at Contamines 
 (to the Col du Bonhomme 6-8, Col des Fours 6-8, Chapieux 8-10, 3Iottets 
 10-12 fr., the higher fees being charged when the guide cannot return the 
 same day). If the guide be taken to the Col du Bonhomme only, his at- 
 tendance should be required as far as the highest point (Croix du 
 Bonhomme, see below). Mule from Xant-Borant to the Croix 8 fr. 
 
 The path, indicated by stakes, ascends wild, stony slopes, passing 
 a waterfall on the left, to the (1/2 tr.) Flan Jovet (6437') with a 
 few chalets. (To Mottets over the Col d'Enclaves, see p. 279.) On
 
 to Courmayeur. COL DE LA SEIGNE. V. Route 76*. 279 
 
 the (^2 hr.) Plan des Dames (6543') rises a conical heap of stones, 
 where a lady is said to have perished in a snow-storm. At the end 
 of the valley (20min.) the path ascends the slope to the right, and 
 (25 min.) reaches the Col du Bonhomme (7680'). On the opposite 
 side of this saddle -we look, down into the desolate valley of the Oitte. 
 A path, at first ill-defined, descends into this basin, passes the lonely 
 Chalet de la Sauce, turns to the left and crosses the brook, and leads 
 to (2 hrs.) the chalets of La Gittaz and to Beaufort (p. 256) in 3V2 hrs. 
 more. This is a convenient route to the Tarentaise, but uninteresting. 
 Guide to La Gittaz advisable. 
 
 Two curious rocks, the Rochers du Bonhomme and de la Bonne- 
 fcmme, here tower aloft, like two ruined castles. Beyond these we 
 follow the rocky slope to the left (path indicated by stakes), passing 
 an excellent spring (good resting-place), and next reach (40 min.) 
 the Croix du Bonhomme (8153'), with a fine view of the mountains 
 of the Tarentaise, in the centre of which rises the beautiful snow- 
 peak of Mont Pourri (12,425'). Here the path divides. In a straight 
 direction the path descends, partly over loose stones, to (1^4 ^r.) — 
 
 Les Chapieux or Chapiu (4950'; Soleil^ well spoken of; Hot. des 
 Voyageurs), an Alpine hamlet in the Val des Glaciers, 1^/4 hr, below 
 Mottets (see helow). 
 
 From Chapiecx to Pk^-St. Didiee over the Little St. Bernard (11 hrs.; 
 preferable to the Col de la Seigne in doubtful weather). The path to 
 (3 hrs.) Bourg-St. Maurice (p. 282), at first very stony, but afterwards 
 better, passes the chalets of Le Crey and Bonneval., commanding a beauti- 
 ful view of the upper Isere Valley (Tarentaise), and at length unites with 
 the high-road. From Bourg-St. Maurice to Pri-St. Didier, see p. 282. 
 
 The direct route to Mottets (21/2 hrs.) ascends from the Croix du 
 Bonhomme to the left, rarely free from snow (guide advisable for less 
 experienced travellers) to the (35 min.) Col des Fours (8890'), to 
 the right of which is the Pointe des Fours (8920'; 10 min.), a 
 splendid point of view, marked bya stone pyramid. Then a steep 
 descent over slate-detritus, and over pastures to (IV4 ^r.) a group 
 of chalets (6573') and the (20 min.) huts of Les Glaciers, where the 
 path from Chapieux comes up from the right. We descend to the left, 
 cross the bridge (5840') , and ascend the left bank to (20 min.) the 
 two houses of — 
 
 Mottets (6227', Veuve Fort's Inn; mule to the Col de la 
 Seigne, 6 fr.), at the head of the Val des Glaciers. To the N. rises 
 the Aiguille du Glacier (12,520'), with the extensive Glacier des 
 Glaciers. 
 
 Over the Col du Mont Tondu to Contamines, see p. 278. Another route 
 to Mottets (4 hrs. from Nant-Eorant; shorter, but trying) is from the Plan 
 Jovet (p. 278), past the small lake of that name, and over the Col 
 d'Enclaves (8810'), between Mt. Tondu and the Tete d'Enclaves. 
 
 A bridle-path ascends hence in zigzags to the (1^/4 hr.) Col de 
 la Seigne (8240'), where a cross marks the frontier between France 
 and Italy. 'Magnificent *View of the Allee Blanche, an Alpine 
 valley several miles long, bounded on the N.W. by the tremendous 
 precipices of the Mont Blanc chain.
 
 280 V. Route 76. LAC DE COMBAL. 
 
 To the left of the pass rise the Aig. du Glacier (12,523') and Aig. de 
 Trelatete (12,900') -, then the imposing snowy dome of Mont Blanc, borne 
 hy the huge rocky buttresses of the Rocher du Montblanc. near which is 
 the Mont Maudit; farther on, to the left of the Aig. d^Estelette, towers 
 the bold and isolated Aig. Blanche de Peuteret (13,490'), ascended for the 
 first time in 1885 by Mr. Seymour King. Farther to the right, in the 
 distance, rise the peaks of the Great St. Bernard, Mt. Velan ., Grand 
 Combin., etc. In the valley lies the green Lac de Combal. The retrospect- 
 ive view of the Tarentaise Mts. is also fine, but it cannot compete with 
 the imposing scene just described. 
 
 Beyond tlie pass we descend over snow and debris, keeping 
 to the left, then across pastures , to the (Y2 l^r.) upper Chalets cte 
 VAllee Blanche (7230'; occupied for a few weeks in the height of 
 summer only), and the(25min.) lower chalets (7135'), at the end of 
 a level plateau. We round the hill to the right, cross the brook, 
 with a splendid view of the imposing Glacier de VAllee Blanche, 
 and descend to a second level reach of the valley, at the end of 
 which (3/4 hr.) lies the green Lac de Combal (6365'), bounded on 
 the N. by the huge moraine of the Glacier de Miage. Near a sluice 
 at the lower end of the lake (10 min.) we cross the Doire, which 
 issues from the lake, and descend the side of the moraine through 
 a wild ravine, filled with fragments of rock. (The Miage Glacier is 
 not visible.) After 40 min. the Doire is again crossed. The valley, 
 now called Val di Veni^ expands. The Cantine de la FisaiMe (5420'), 
 about 5 min. farther on, commands a splendid survey of the valley, 
 with the Jorasse> and the Dent du Ge'ant towering on the left. 
 
 The path descends through wood and pastures, passing (8/4 hr.) 
 the Chalet de Pertud (4945', on the left bank). On the left is the 
 fine Glacier de laBrenva, which once filled the whole valley, but has 
 receded greatly within the last few decades. Beyond the (20 min.) 
 Chalet de Notre-Dame de Guerison, a little below the exit from 
 the wood, which has suffered from avalanches, we have a compre- 
 hensive view of the Brenva glacier ; on the left is the Aiguille de 
 Peuteret with the snowy summit of Mont Blanc towering above it; 
 on the right the pavilion on the Mont Frety (p. 281) and the tooth- 
 shaped Dent du Geant (p. 281). By the chapel of Notre-Dame de 
 Guerison or de Berrier (4710'), a few minutes farther, the path 
 rounds an angle of rock , overlooking the village of Entreves to 
 the left, at the mouth of the Val Ferret, and then descends to the 
 Doire, which unites here with the Doire du Val Ferret and takes 
 the name of Dora Baltea. Opposite the little sulphur-baths of La 
 Saxe (1/2 hr.) we cross the Dora, pass the (1/4 hr.) Hotel du Mont- 
 blanc, and in 10 min. more reach — 
 
 Courmayeur. — *H6tel Royal, *Angelo, in both K,., L., & A. 5-6, 
 lunch 31/2, B. 11/2, D. 5 fr. ; *Union ; -Mont Blanc, J/z M. to the N. of the 
 village, K. & A. 21/2, D., inch wine, 4 fr. — Restaur. Verney (also R.); Caf4 
 du Montblanc. — Diligence to Aosta, see p. 282; one-horse carriage to Aosta 
 15, two-horse 25 fr. (return vehicles cheaper). As at Chamonix, there is a 
 society of guides here with similar regulations (see p. 264). Emile and 
 Joseph Rep, Sirnphin Henry, L. and Julien Proment , G. Petigax, J. M. 
 Lanier, J. Gadin, Al. Berthod, P. and A. Puchoz, J. and Z/. Croux, and P. 
 Revel are recommended.
 
 COURMAYEUR. V. Route 76. '2S\ 
 
 Courmayeur (3963'; 600 inh.), a considerable village, with 
 mineral springs, beautifully situated at the head of the Aosta 
 Valley, is much frequented by Italians in summer. Though higher 
 than Charaonix, the climate is warmer and the vegetation far 
 richer. The highest peak of Mont Blanc is concealed from Cour- 
 mayeur by the Mont Chetif {JQSb'), but is seen from the Pre-St. 
 Didier road, 1/2 M. to the S. 
 
 Excursions. From the hamlet of Sollone, opposite Courmayeur at the 
 base of Mont Chetif, we obtain an excellent survey of the enormous pre- 
 cipices of the Jorasses and the glacier of that name. Pleasant walk thither, 
 crossing the Bora Bridge (10 min.)-, then through the village, down to 
 the Dora by a shady path at its X. end. and back by the left bank (V-jhr.). 
 — A bridle-path (guide unnecessary) leads from Dollone to the W. to 
 the (2 hrs.) Col de Checouri (6397'J,"on the S.W. side of the Mont Chetif 
 (see above), commanding a fine view of Mont Blanc. We may return by 
 the Allee Blanche, see p. 2'^0. 
 
 The 'Mont de Saxe (7735'; 2';2-3 hrs. ; guide, 6 fr., unnecessary) affords 
 a complete view of the S.E. side of Mont Blanc with its numerous glaciers, 
 from the Col de la Seigne to the Col de Ferret, the Col du G^ant and 
 the Jorasses being close to us. A good bridle-path ascends from Cour- 
 mayeur , by La Saxe (p. 280) and Le Villair , to the (2 hrs.) Chalels du 
 Pri (6670') and the (1 hr.) nearer peak. The descent may be made by the 
 Chalets de Leuchi into the Val Ferret. 
 
 The 'Crammont (9080'), commanding a grand view of Mont Blanc, is 
 more conveniently ascended from Prd-St. Uidier (see p. 282). 
 
 Ascent of Mont Blanc (14 hrs. from Courmayeur), see p. 270. — The 
 Grandes Jorasses (13,800), 14 hrs., with 2 guides, are difficult and danger- 
 ous after fresh snow. Diverging at (I1/4 hr.) PLanpansiere from the Ferret 
 route (see belovv), we ascend through wood, over grassy slopes, snow and 
 rocks (extremely steep and difticult at last) to the (51/2 hrs.) Cabane des 
 Gr.-Jora'<ses of the Italian Alpine Club (9515'), whence we reach the summit 
 by the Rocher du Reposoir in 7-8 hrs. 
 
 To Chamonix over the Col dd G^ant (comp. p. 270), 14-15 hrs. (guide 
 50, porter 30 fr. ; two guides, or a guide and a porter required). Interesting 
 excursion (bridle-path, 3 hrs.) to the Pavilion du Mont Frety (7130'; small 
 Inn ; fine view) ; thence to the Col du 6<^ant (11,030' ; two refuge-hut.«), 
 with most magnificent view, a steep ascent of 3V2 hrs. (guide to the Pa- 
 vilion 6 fr., unnecessary; to the pass and back 12, in two days 15 fr.). The 
 ascent of the Aiguille or Dent du Giant (13,160'), from the Col du Gt'ant 
 in 7-8 hrs., is very difficult (first ascended by the brothers Sella in 1832). 
 
 From Courmayeur to Martigny over the Col Ferret (14 hrs.), 
 bridle-path (guide to the Chalets de Ferret advisable, 15 fr.). From La 
 Saxe (p. 280) we follow the left bank of the Dora (leaving the vill- 
 age of Entreves on the left) to the chalets of (iV'4 hr.) Planpansiirc\ 
 we then cross the Doire du Val Ferrety and ascend on its right bank. By the 
 (1 hr.) chalets of Praz-Sec (6336') we again cross the stream. (The path on 
 the right bank is soon lost among the huge debris of a moraine.) We now 
 ascend the steep and narrow Val Ferret, passing the poor huts of La 
 Vachey (5382'), F&racM (5795'), Gruetta (5782'), and Sagivan (6370") ; to the left 
 are the moraines of the Glacier de Triolet, and highup on the rocks of the 
 Mont Rouge is the Cabane de Triolet (if the C. A. I. (S4(5'j, the starting-point 
 for the difficult Aig. de Triolet (12,725'; 8-9 hrs.), the Col du Mt. Dolent 
 (p. 272), etc. The last chalets are those of (2V2 hrs.) Pri de Bar (6756'; 
 refrm.). at the base of the glacier of that name (p. 272), which descends 
 from A/ont Grapillon or Mont Dolent (12,565'). The bridle-path ascends to 
 the right in numerous windings to the (IV2 hr.) Col Ferret, or Col de 
 la Peulaz (8323'), the frontier of Switzerland and Italy, with a superb 
 view of the Val Ferret and the S. side of the Mont Blanc group with 
 its huge glaciers (de Triolet, etc.), of the Jorasses, the Aiguille du Ge'ant. 
 and the Alle'e Blanche as far as the Col de la Seigne. [Another pa^s.
 
 282 V. Route 77. PRE-ST. DIDIER. From Courmayeur 
 
 called the Pas de Grapillon or Col du Petit Ferret (8173'), farther N., close 
 to the foot of the precipices of Mont Dolent, is shorter, but more fati- 
 guing and devoid of view.] We descend to the (1 hr.) Chalets de la 
 Peulaz (6843'), below which we cross the Drance and (1/2 hr.) reach the 
 Col de Fenetre route. (From this point to the St. Bernard Hospice 
 4-41/2 hrs. ; comp. p. 291.) The path then descends to the left to the 
 (1/2 hr.) Chalets de Ferret {bb^^^\ cabaret, with a few beds, clean and mod- 
 erate), and through the N. (Swiss) Val Ferret or Ferrex to ('/2 hr.) La 
 Folly (5240'), with the Glacier de la Neuva above it, on the left. 'Then 
 (V2 hr.) La Seiloz (4920' ; small Inn), (I1/4 hr.) Praz de Fort (where we 
 reach the road). Ville d'lssert, Sam la Proz^ and (IV4 hr) Orsihres (p. 288). 
 Good walkers starting from Courmayeur at 3 or 4 a.m. may reach here 
 in the afternoon the diligence to Martigny. 
 
 77. From Courmayeur to Aosta and Ivrea. 
 
 621/2 M. From Courmayeur to (21 M.) Aosta^ an Omnibus (6 fr.) plies 
 thrice a day in summer in 4 hrs. (in the reverse direction 5 hrs.), starting 
 (1892) at 6 a.m. and 1 and 5 p.m., returning from Aosta at 6 and 11.30 a.m. 
 and 3.30 p. m. (fare 3 fr., banquette 31/2 fr.); one-horse carr. 18, two-horse 
 30 fr. From Aosta to (41V2 M.) Ivrea, Railway in 21/2 hrs. (fares 7 fr. 60, 
 5 fr. 30, 3 fr. 45 c). The railway, a fine example of engineering enter- 
 prise, traverses a highly picturesque district. 
 
 Courmayeur^ see p. 280. — The road to Aosta (21 M. ; walk- 
 ing not recommended) winds down to the Doire and follows 
 its left hank through a wooded ravine. (Walkers will prefer the old 
 Toad , with fine views, on the hillside to the left, descending to 
 the new road helow Pre'-St. Didier.) Passing (2^/4 M.) Palesieux, 
 we cross the Doire to (8/4 M.) Pre-St. Didier (3280'; *H6U de VVni- 
 vers ; Restaurant de Londres), a picturesquely situated village with 
 baths, where the road to the Little St. Bernard diverges to the right. 
 Near the hot springs (1/4 M. lower) the Thuile forces its way between 
 perpendicular rocks towards the Dora valley. 
 
 Exc^KSIO^'s. (Guides: Jos. Barmaz, F. Brunod, and others). The ascent 
 of the "Crammont (9030'^ 3V2 hrs.) is highly interesting. Following the St. 
 Bernard road to the first tunnel (1/2 hr. •, shorter footpath in 20 min.), we thence 
 ascend to the right to the (1/2 hr.) hamlet of Chanion (5970'), whence we 
 reach the summit in 21/2 hrs. more. Splendid view of Mont Blanc and the 
 Graian Alps. About 5 min. below \\i.& io'^ is, iho. Pavilion De Saussure., a re- 
 fuge-hut of the C. A. I. Another route (bridle-path) diverges to the right 
 from the St. Bernard road at Elevaz., 3 M. from Pre-St. Didier, joining the 
 above route before the final ascent. Experts may dispense with a guide. 
 
 To Bourg-St. Maukice over the Little St. Bernard, 22 M., a route 
 preferred by some to that over the Col de la^ Seigne (p. 279). The fine 
 new road ascends the valley of the Thuile via La Balme to (2 hrs.) La 
 Thuile (4726'; two small Inns), where we have a view of the great glacier 
 of the Rutor (11,435'), which may be ascended hence (2 hrs. to the S. are 
 the beautiful *Rutor waterfalls), to (IV4 hr.) Pont Serrand (5415'), past the 
 Gantine des Eaux-Ronsses (6740'), to the (3/4 hr.) pass of the Little St. Bernard 
 (7176'). The boundary between France and Italy is on the S. side, about 1/4 hr. 
 beyond the summit, and near a Hospice (7060') affording good accommo- 
 dation. [The Mt. Valaisan (9453'), 372 hrs. to the S.E., the Mt. Belvedere 
 (8665'), IV2 hr. to the E., and the Lan cebranlette (9605), 3 hrs. to the W., 
 all afford admirable views of the Mont Blanc chain.] We now descend 
 gradually, overlooking the beautiful upper valley of the Isere (La Taren- 
 taise) and the Savoy Mts. the whole way, to St. Germain., S^ez, and (12 M.) 
 Bourg-St. Maurice (2805'; "Hdt.Mayet, R. & A. 31/2, D. 3 fr,), a small town 
 on the Isere, whence a diligence runs twice daily in 41/2 hrs. to (16 M.) 
 MoHtiers-en-Tarentaise (p. 256).
 
 to Jvrea. AOSTA. V. Route 77. 283 
 
 From Bourg-St. Maurice to Chapieux^ see p. 279; to Tignes (Aig. de la 
 Grande- Sassier e^ etc.), see Baedeker^s Southern France. 
 
 Below Pr^-St. Didier we again cross the Doire (grand retro- 
 spective view of Mont Blanc, wMch continues visible as far as 
 Avise), follow the lofty slope for some distance, and then descend 
 through vineyards into a broad and rich valley. To the S. appears 
 the beantiful pyramid of the Grivola (13,018'). On the hill to the 
 left of (21/4 M.) Morgex (3017'; Angelo) is the picturesque ruined 
 chateau of Chdtelar (3840') ; farther on is La Salle with the ruins of 
 a castle. On the right bank is the pretty waterfall oi Derby in several 
 leaps. The valley contracts. The road crosses to the right bank by 
 the (41/2 M.) Pont d'Equilive (2570') and leads through a wild defile 
 (Pierre Taillee) to i^wmaz (2580'; Croix, poor). Opposite lies A7;/se, 
 with a ruined castle and an ancient church. Mont Blanc is now lost 
 to view. The road traverses another rocky gorge, where the pyramidal 
 Mt.Emilius comes in sight. Near the beautifully situated, but dirty 
 village of (21/4 M.) Liverogne (2390'; Hot. du Col du Mont) we 
 cross the deep gorge of the Dora di Valgrisnnche and soon see the first 
 chestnuttrees. Behind us is the snowy Rutor (11,435'); to the left 
 is the church of 5'f. Nicolas (3922'), on a precipitous rock. Beyond 
 (3/4 M.) Arvier we descend rapidly and cross the Savaranche; to 
 the right, on the hill, are the chateau and church of Introd. Then 
 (21/2 M.) Villeneuve (2295'; Cervo, poor), beautifully situated, 
 and commanded by the ruined castle of Argent on a lofty rock. 
 
 We next ascend a little on the left bank of the Doire, passing 
 a massive old tower. Beautiful retrospective view of the three- 
 peaked Rutor, the Grivola with the Trajo Glacier, etc. Opposite 
 St. Pierre (2168'), with its church and old castle on a rocky hill, 
 opens the Val de Cogne on the S. ; on the right bank lies Ayma- 
 villes, with iron-foundries and the chateau of Count Castiglione with 
 its four towers. The road passes the handsome chateau of Sarre 
 (2154'), and traverses a broad shadeless valley to (6 M.) — 
 
 24 M. Aosta. — "^IIotel Rotal Victoria, at the station, R., L., & 
 A. 41/2, D. 5, pens. 9 12 fr. ; Hot. du Montblanc, to the W. of the town, 
 R., L., & A. 3-31/2, B. IV2, D. 5fr. ; — Albekgo Lanier, in the Hotel de 
 Villein the principiil piazza; Cokqna, opposite the last. — Caffi Nazionale., 
 in the Hotel de Ville ; beer at Zimmer>nann\<s, near the Hotel de Ville; Rail. 
 Restaurant^ poor. — One-horse carriage to Courmayeur 18 or 30 fr. ; to 
 St. Remy 15 or 25 fr. Omnibus to Courmayeur, see p. 2S2 (office in the 
 market place, also E., 3 fr. incl. L. L A.); to St. R€my, see p. 2S7. 
 
 Aosta (1913'; pop. 5700), the Augusta Praetoria Salassorum of 
 the Romans, and now the capital of the Italian province of Aosta, 
 is beautifully situated at the confluence of the Buthier and the Doire 
 or Dora Baltea. The still existing antiquities testify to the im- 
 portance of the place during the Roman period. The Town Walls, 
 flanked with strong towers, enclosing a rectangle, 790yds. long 
 by 650 yds. broad, still exist throughout their entire circuit; while 
 on the S.W. side the flagged top and cornice are still intact. The
 
 284 V. Route 77. AOSTA. From Courmayeur 
 
 walls of the ancient Theatre and the arcades of the Amphitheatre may 
 be seen from the market-place, rising ahove the modern houses. 
 
 The principal street, running eastwards, passes through the 
 ancient *Pokta Pr^tobia to the (1/4 M.) *TaiuMPHAL Aech of 
 Augustus, with ten Corinthian pilasters, and then crosses the 
 Buthier, which has deserted its ancient channel, to the imposing 
 arch of a Roman Bridge, half sunk in the ground. 
 
 The church of St. Ours, the ancient crypt of which is support- 
 ed hy Roman columns, is situated in the suburb; in the choir are 
 the tombstone of Bishop Gallus (d. 546) and finely-carved stalls. 
 Adjacent are cloisters with interesting early-Romanesque columns 
 (12th cent); and immediately beside the church is a 12th cent. 
 Tower, built of Roman hewn stones. Opposite are portions of 
 two antique columns in front of a chapel. — The Priory of St. Ours, 
 in the same square, is a picturesque building of the 15th cent., 
 with terracotta ornamentation, and an octagonal tower. The wood- 
 carvings and frescoes in the interior are interesting. 
 
 The CathedraI/, dating in its present form from the 14th cent., 
 has a gaudily-painted relief above its main portal, and in the 
 interior two mosaics of the 10th cent., and some early Renaissance 
 carved stalls. The treasury contains two reliquaries of the 13th 
 and loth cent, respectively, a cameo of a Roman empress in a 
 setting dating from the 13th cent., and a diptych of Probus (consul 
 in 406) and the emperor Honorius. 
 
 Beside the S. gate is the tower known as Bramafam (12th cent.) 
 in which a count of Challant is said to have starved his wife to 
 death ; and on the W. wall is the Tour du Lepreux (described in 
 one of Xavier de Maistre's tales), in which a leper named Guasco 
 (d. 1803) and his sister Angelica (d. 1791) suffered. 
 
 Between the railway station and the town stands a bronze 
 *Statue of Victor Emmanuel II., by Tortone, in hunting dress, on a 
 lofty rock pedestal. — The natives of the town are sadly afflicted 
 with cretinism. 
 
 ExcuKsiONS. The ^'Becca di Nona (Pic Carrel, 10,305' ; 6-7 hrs, ; guide, 
 12 fr. ; provisions necessary, tolera'ble night-quarters at the Comboe Alp, see 
 below) is an admirable point of view. The bridle-path, dusty at first, 
 crosses the Doire and ascends somewhat rapidly to the village of Charvensod 
 (2446'; guides Gre'goire and Grat. Jos. Come), traverses a wood, and passes 
 the hermitage of St. Grat (5815') and the chalets of ChamoU to the (4V4 
 hrs.) Col de Plan Fenetre (12%%'). [The Signal Sismonda (7698'), to the S., 
 20 min. above the Col Plan Fenetre, commands an excellent view of the 
 Rutor and the Pennine Alps.] From the col , we reach in ^|^ hr. the Alp 
 Comboi (6930'), in a basin at the foot of the Becca di Nona, and in 2V2 hrs. 
 more the summit. A few yards below the top is the Capanna Budden of the 
 I. A. C. Superb *View (Panorama by Carrel), embracing the whole of the 
 Mont Blanc and the Monte Rosa chains, and the Graian Alps to the S. — 
 We may, for A'ariety, in descending from the Becca, leave Comboe to 
 the left, and go straight through the valley of the Comboi. Below the 
 basin of Comboe there is a fine waterfall, at the foot of which we cross 
 the brook and then descend to the left to Charvensod. 
 
 Mont Emilius (11,673') may be ascended by experts from Comboe 
 in 41/2 hrs. (guide 30 fr.). We follow the Col d'Arbole route (pass to Cogne,
 
 to Ivrea. CHATILLON. V. Route 77. 285 
 
 see Baedeker's N. Italy) as far as the (1 hr.) Chalets d^Arbole (8200'), and 
 then turn to the left, passing a small glacier lake. View still more ex- 
 tensive than from the Becca di Nona. 
 
 Mont Fallere (10,045'), easily ascended from Aosta in 7 hrs., by a new 
 hridle-path , via Ville-sur- Sarre (<^uide, unnecessary, 10 fr.), commands a 
 splendid view of the entire Pennine and Graian chains. On the arete, ^|^'hT. 
 below the top, is the Capanna Regina Margherita of the C. A. I. 
 
 From Aosta to Zeematt (p. 321) an interesting but fatiguing route 
 leads through the Vol Pellina, and over the Col de Valpelline (11,685'), in 
 two days : to the chalets of Pra-Rayi (p. 312) 9 hrs. •, thence a difficult 
 ascent over the Glacier de Za-de-Zan to the pass, to the S. of the Tete 
 Blanche (12,300'), and down the Utock^ and Zmutt glaciers to (10-12 hrs.) 
 Zermatt (comp. p. 328). — From Bionaz (p. 312), 3 hrs. above Valpelline 
 and 5 hrs. from Aosta, the Mont Luseney (11.500'), vvhich commands a 
 graod view, may be ascended in 7 hrs. (diflicult, for experts only). — 
 Several passes lead from the Valpellina to the Val St. Barthilemy (see 
 below) : from Oyace (p. 312) or Bionaz over the Col de Vessona (about 
 8950'), easy and attractive ; from Bionaz over the Colle Montagnaia (9643'), 
 easy; from Pra-Rayd over the Col de Livournea (9643'), laborious. 
 
 From Aosta to Evolena over the Col de Collon, see p. 312; over the Col 
 de Fenetre to the Val de Bagnes, p. 295; over the Great St. Bernard to 
 Martigny^ R. 78. 
 
 From Aosta to Cogne (Graian Alps) see Baedeker''s Northern Italy. 
 
 Leaving Aosta the Railway crosses the Buthier and the Bagnere, 
 and approaches the Dora, the course of which is here interrupted 
 by numerous Islands. As we look back we enjoy a splendid view 
 of the valley of Aosta, surrounded by lofty mountains : to the S. 
 rise the Becca di Nona and Mt. Emilius, to the N. the Grand 
 Combin and Mt. Velan, and to the W. the Rutor (see p. 282). 
 Shortly before reaching the station of (5 M.) Quart- ViUefranche 
 (1755') we see the chateau of Quart (2486') on a hill to the left. 
 The train now crosses the Dora, but beyond (7 M.) St. Marcel it 
 returns to the left bank. On the slope above St. Marcel is the pil- 
 grim-resort of Plou. Near (8M,) Nus (1755'), with its ruined castle, 
 the Val St. Barthilemy, from which various passes lead to the Val- 
 pellina (see above), opens on the N. The line once more crosses 
 and recrosses the Dora. To the right appears the picturesque 
 chateau of Finis , at the mouth of the Clavalite Valley , above 
 which towers the snowy pyramid of the Tersiva. We now intersect 
 near Diemoz a large deposit of debris by a viaduct 100 yds. long, 
 and traverse a tunnel to 1I2Y2 ^1-) Chambave (1623'), noted for 
 its wine, where we command for the last time a retrospect as far 
 as the Rutor. 
 
 The valley now contracts ; the railway runs between the rivet 
 and the cliffs, traversing two tunnels and a deep cutting through 
 a deposit of de'biis, and crosses the Matmoire or Marmbre descend- 
 ing from the Valtournanche. 15V2 M- Ch&tillon (1805'; *H6t. de 
 Londres; Pens. Suisse)., the district capital, with 900 inhab., 
 and a castle of the ancient counts of Challant, is beautifully 
 situated, 1 M. above the station (1480'), at the mouth of the 
 Valtournanche. The deep wooded gorge of the Matmoire, which 
 is picturesquely studded with houses, is spanned in the centre of
 
 286 V. Route 77. VERRES. 
 
 the village by an imposing single-arched bridge. — To Valtour- 
 nanche and over the Theodule Pass to Zermatt^ see R. 87. 
 
 From Chatillon the railway continues along the left bank of the 
 Dora. On a steep hill to the right is the old chateau of Ussel, also 
 once belonging to the Challant family. Beyond two short tunnels 
 is(16V2M.) St. Vincent (1415'), the station for the baths of the 
 same name (1885'; '^Lion dfOr; Corona')^ situated 1 M. to the left, 
 at the foot oi ML Zerbion (8924'). We next enter the *Montjovet 
 Defile, the most striking part of the entire journey; a series of tun- 
 nels, separated by massive retaining and sheltering walls, follow 
 each other in the narrow rocky gorge, while far below the foaming 
 Dora descends in cascades. The exit of the pass is commanded by 
 the ruined castle of Montjovet or St. Germain high up on the left. 
 An imposing viaduct here spans the Dora, and the train enters a 
 tunnel. Beyond (20 M.) the station of Montjovet, the valley again 
 expands. Extensive vineyards begin to appear; on the right rise 
 lofty cliffs. Farther on we see on the slopes the village of Champ 
 de Praz, at the mouth of the Val Chalame, watered by a stream, 
 which has scattered stones far and wide over the valley of the Dora. 
 The train crosses the Dora and the EvanQon and reaches — 
 
 231/2 M. Varies (1280'). The village of that name (1100 inhab. ; 
 Italia ; Ecu de France^ , with an ancient chateau of the former 
 counts of Challant, is picturesquely situated on a rocky eminence, 
 at the mouth of the Val de Challant (p. 337). Jssogne^ on the op- 
 posite bank of the Dora, has also an interesting chateau of the same 
 family. To the N.E., between the valleys of Challant and Gyes- 
 soney, appears the rocky pyramid of the Becca di Viou (9370'). 
 
 251/2 M. Arnaz, with a ruined castle. The line traverses an 
 extensive alluvial deposit, and at Campagnola crosses to the right 
 bank of the Dora. 28 M. Hone-Bard, in a superb situation. To 
 the right the Val Champorcher or Camporciero, with its picturesque 
 rocky summits; to the N.W., in the background of the Dora valley, 
 the Mont Luseney (p. 285). On a steep crag on the left bank of 
 the Dora rises *'Fort Bard (1282'), captured in 1052 after a long 
 siege by Duke Amadeus of Savoy, and in 1800, before the battle 
 of Marengo, gallantly defended by 400 Austrians against the French 
 army. Beyond this point Italian only is spoken. 
 
 The railway crosses the river and passes under the fortress by 
 means of a tunnel, 650 yds. long. Then through a narrow rocky 
 ravine to (291/2 M.) Donnas (Rosa), prettily situated, and over the 
 wild Lys torrent in a broad valley surrounded by imposing moun- 
 tains to (31 M.) Pont St. Martin, the station for the village of the 
 same name (1005'; ^Cavallo Bianco; Rosa Rossa), in a highly pic- 
 turesque situation, at the mouth of the deep and narrow Valley of 
 Gressoney (j^ . 336), with a ruined castle, foundries, and an ancient 
 Roman bridge across the Lys (Ital. Lesa). 
 
 The railway again crosses and recrosses the Dora, which here
 
 IVREA. F. Route 77. 287 
 
 forms a large island. On the slope to the left is the village of 
 Carema, surrounded hy vineyards and fruit-gardens. On the right 
 hank is (33 M.) Quincinetto, at the foot of the Becco delle Steje 
 (9184') ; on the left hank is the ruin of Cesnola. 35 M. Tavaynasco ; 
 the village lies to the right. Opposite at the foot of the Colma 
 di Monbaron (7773'} is the larger village of Settimo Vittone. The 
 lower terraces of the hills enclosing the picturesque and highly 
 cultivated valley are covered with vines, higher up are woods of 
 walnut and chestnut trees, ahove which rise bare rocky peaks. We 
 cross the Dora again at Montestrutto^ pass (on the left) Terrassa 
 and S. Oermano, with ruined castles, and reach (3772 ^^•) Borgo- 
 franco (924'), with an arsenical spring, prettily situated 1^4 M. 
 from the station. 
 
 The mountains now recede. 39 M. Montalto-Dora^ with a pin- 
 nacled ruined castle on a rocky hill. The train enters a tunnel 
 (IY4 M. long) under the hill of Ivrea, crosses the Dora, and stops 
 at (4IY2 M.) Ivrea (768'; Scudo di Francia; Universo; Corona 
 d' Italia)^ a town with 5400 inhab. , picturesquely situated on 
 the left bank of the Dora, with an ancient castle, several lofty round 
 towers, and numerous churches. Comp. Baedeker's Northern Italy. 
 
 78. From Martigny to Aosta. Great St. Bernard. 
 
 I6V2 lirs. From Martigny to the Hospice 11, thence to Aosta 6V2 hrs. 
 (from Aosta to the Hospice 8, thence to Martigny 9 hrs.) ; new road to the 
 hospice (32 M.), thence to (1 hr. , upwards 2 hrs.) St. Remy bridle-path 
 (road under construction); road again to Aosta (ISi/s M.). Diligence daily 
 from Martigny (station) to (13 M.) Orsieres in 33/4 hrs. (back, in the after- 
 noon, in 2 hrs.; 3 fr. 25 c). One-horse carr. to Orsiet-cs 15, two-horse 20, 
 Bourg-St. Pierre 25 or 40, Great St. Bernard 50 or 60 fr. ; one-horse carr. 
 from St. Remy to Aosta, 1 pers. 10, 2 pers. 12, 3 pers. 15 fr. (from Aosta to 
 St. Remy, 1-2 pers., 15 fr.). Omnibus from Aosta to St. Remy daily in 
 4 hrs. (6 fr.), returning in 3 hrs. 
 
 The Great St. Bernard Route , though less attractive than most of 
 the other Alpine passes, presents some very fine scenery, and is a direct 
 and convenient approach to Italy (Aosta, Courmayeur) from the Rhone 
 Valley. A visit to the Hospice is also interesting. Those who do not in- 
 tend going farther may return through the Val Fernet (p. 291). 
 
 Martigny^ see p. 238. Beyond Martigny-Bourg (p. 238) we cross 
 the (I1/2M.) Drance, 4 min. beyond which the road to Chamonix 
 diverges to the right (p. 275). The St. Bernard road leads through 
 the deep ravine of the Dranoe, by Le Brocard and Le Borgeau, to 
 (3 M.) Les Valettes (1978' ; Restaur, des Gorges du Duruant). 
 
 *Gorges du Durnant (from Martigny and back 4 hrs., one-horse carr. 7, 
 two -horse 10 fr.). A road leads from Les Valettes to the right to the 
 (1 M.) entrance of a rocky gorge, through which the Durnant is precipitat- 
 ed in 14 falls (made accessible by a wooden gallery 8S0 yds. in length ; 
 (adm. 1 fr. ; Inn by the entrance). From the upper end of the gorge the 
 path ascends to the bridle-path to Champex (see below). — Fine view from 
 the hill oi Lombard (2SS6' , see below), ascended to the left from the lower 
 end of the gorge in 1/2 br., by a shady path. 
 
 Beyond (3/4 M.) Bovernier (2037') the Drance traverses a wood-
 
 288 V. Route 78. SEMBRANCHER. From Martigny 
 
 ed gorge, where its course, is impeded by huge masses of rock, 
 especially near the (I72M.) Galerie de la Monnaie (2362'), a tunnel 
 70 yds. long. In 1818 a great fall of rock was caused here by the 
 bursting of a lake in the Val de Bagnes (p. 294). At (II/2 M.) Sem- 
 brancher (2330'; Inn) the Drance d' Entremont, descending from the 
 St. Bernard, unites wifh the Drance de Bagnes (p. 293). On a hill 
 stands a ruined castle. To the right rises the abrupt Catogne (8460'). 
 
 Feom Maetigny to Sembeanchee, over the Mont Chemin, 4 hrs., 
 interesting, especially in the reverse direction (fine views of the Ehone 
 Valley). From Martigny -Bourg the path ascends to the left, through 
 wood, by Chemin d''en Bas to Chemin (3786')-, leads to the right past iron- 
 mines to Vence (3701'), and descends in windings to Sembrancher. 
 
 Feom Sejibeaxchee to Saxon over the Pas du Lens (5446'), 5 hrs,, a 
 bridle-path. — The Pierre-a-Voir (8128'; guide 7 fr.) may be ascended 
 from Sembrancher in 5-6 hrs. (comp. p. 238). 
 
 12 M. Orsieres (2894'; Hot. des Alpes), 4 M. farther, at the 
 mouth of the Ferret Valley (p. 282), has a curious old tower. 
 
 Feom Maetignt to OEsifiEEs by the Val Champex (51/2 hrs.), bridle- 
 path, more interesting and not much longer than the high-road. Road to 
 (4V2 31.) Les Valettes . see p. 287. Here we diverge to the right (or we may 
 go through the Gorges du Durnant), and ascend gradually through pastures 
 and wood, by Lombard (p. 287), Crettet, and Les Grangettes to (21/2 hrs.) the 
 village of Champex (4495'j. Thence across the pass (49(X)') to the(V2 hr.) pretty 
 Lac de Champex (4807'; Hot. du Lac, pens. 5 6 fr. ; Pens. Creitet; Pens. 
 Biselx, 4 fr. : all plain and inexpensive), visited as a summer-resort, whence 
 we descend either to the left by Biollay to (1 hr.) Orsib'es , or to the 
 right by a direct path to (1 hr.) ' Som la Proz. — Excursions from Lac 
 Champex: to the (?/'«nc? PZrm (6560'; 2 hrs.); Za 5re!/a (7800' ; 3 hrs.): Catogne 
 (8ie0'; 31/2 hrs.). More difficult is the Pointe des Ecandies (9i70'; 41/2 hrs.). 
 A bridle-path ascends through the monotonous Vald'^Arpette to the (3'/2 hrs.) 
 Fenetre d^Avpette (8800'), to the N. of the Pointe des Ecandies , aflbrding a 
 survey of the beautiful Glacier de Trierd (p. 275), whence we may descend 
 to the Col de la Forclaz (p. 275; 8 hrs.). — From Lac Champex to the 
 Cabaiie d'Orny (see below) the shortest route is by the Col de la Breya 
 (8200'); 5-6 hrs., with guide (not difficult for experts). 
 
 From Orsieres to Courmayeur over the Col Ferret, see p. 281. — The 
 Cabane d'Orny (8835') may be reached from Orsieres through the un- 
 interesting Combe d''Grny in 6 hrs. (with guide). Excursions hence (guides 
 see above): to the Poi7ite d^ Orny (10,755'; 2 hrs., not difficult); Porialet 
 (10,99L'), by tue Col des Plims in 3 hrs. ; -Aiguille du Tour (11,585'), 
 by the Glacier du Tour and Glacier de Trient in 3-4 hrs. , not difficult for 
 adepts and highly interesting; le Barrel (11,605'; 5 hrs.); Grande Fourche 
 (11,877' ; 5 hrs.) , etc. Fine view from the (3 hrs.) Fenetre de Saleinaz 
 (10,860'), between the Grande Fourche and the Aiguilles Dore'es (thence 
 to the Col du Chardonnet and to Lognan, see p. 272). — Over the Col du 
 Tour to the Col de Balme., see p. 276. 
 
 *Mont Brule (8450'; 41/2 hrs., guide, 6 fr.), an easy and attractive ex- 
 pedition from Orsieres. The view from the top embraces the entire chain 
 of the Bernese and Valaisian Alps, with the Lake of Geneva and the Jura 
 in the background; in the foreground are the Dent du Midi, the Orny 
 and Trient chain, the Grand Combin, etc. The ascent may also be con- 
 veniently made from Liddes (p. 289; 4 hrs.) or Chable (p. 298; 5 hrs.). 
 — To Chable via the Col de Sexblanc (1 hrs.), interesting, see p. 298. 
 
 The road crosses the Drance, which is seldom visible in its 
 deep bed, and ascends in a long bend (which the old bridle- 
 path cuts off). On entering the upper part of the valley we 
 obtain an admirable view of Mont Feian (p. 289), which with
 
 1^ 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 -^■^u 3= 
 
 ' 
 
 
 ^'. 
 
 i^c-^ 

 
 to Aosta. LIDDES. V. Route 78. 289 
 
 its snow and ice fills the background. The slopes of the broad 
 valley are covered with pastures and corn-fields. Between Fon- 
 taine-Dessous (3800'J and Rioe Haute (4010') the road again de- 
 scribes a long curve which walkers may cut off. It passes the 
 chapel of St. Laurent, and reaches (-i^/^ M.) — 
 
 I6Y4M. Lidde3(4390'', *Union; Angleterre; mule to the hospice 
 8 fr. and fee), a considerable village. On the left rise the finely 
 shaped Merignier (10,403') and the Maisons- Blanches (12,137'). 
 Above Liddes is the chapel of St. Etienne. At Alltves we cross the 
 brook of that name, coming from the Glacier de Boveyre, pass the 
 chapel of Notre-Dame de Lorette on the left, and reach (3'/4M.) — 
 
 20 M. Bourg-St. Pierre, or St. Pierre - Mont -Joux (5358'; *Au 
 Dejeuner de Napoleon), a large village at the mouth of the Valsorey^ 
 with a church of the 11th century. (On the wall by the tower is 
 a Roman milestone.) Some traces of old fortifications, with an an- 
 cient gateway, are to be seen on the S. side of the village. On a 
 hill to the left of the road is the new Botanical Garden ^Linn<iea\ 
 laid out in 1889 by the Jardin Alpin of Geneva and always access- 
 ible (key at the 'De'jeuner de Napole'on'; keeper the guide Jules 
 Bailey). 
 
 Excursions. (Good guides, i)a»., Eman., Jules Bailey., and Michel 
 Oenoud.) The Tele de Bois (2V2 lirs.^ guide 6fr.i mules also) commands 
 the Mont Blanc and Combin group, and the Val d'Entremont below. 
 
 A good path leads through the interesting Valsorey, on the right 
 bank of the Valsorey^ to a fine waterfall and to the (2^/2 hrs.) Chalets 
 d'Amont (7190'), in a grand situation. The background is formed by the 
 Glacier du Valsorey, and others uniting with it, (1.) that of Sonadon, des- 
 cending from the Grand Combin, and (r.) that of Tzeudet. Beautiful view 
 of the dazzling snows of Mont Velan and the jagged rocks of the Luisetles. 
 — The night is passed at these chalets by travellers about to cross the 
 Col des Maisons-Blanches (11,240') or the Col du Sonadon (ll,4-i7') to the 
 Val de Bagnes (p. 294), or the Col du Valsoreu or des Chamois (10,213') to 
 the Val Ollomont (p. 295). — The Grand Combin (14.163') may be ascended 
 from the Chalets d'Amont by the Col des Maisons-Blanches, or better by 
 the Glacier du ,So7iado7i, in 8-9 hrs. (grand, but difficult, for experts only; 
 guide 40 fr.). Ascent easier from the Cabane de Panossihre (comp. p. 293). 
 
 Beyond St. Pierre the road crosses the deep gorge of the Valso- 
 rey., which forms a waterfall above the bridge. It was here that 
 Napoleon, during his famous passage of the Alps with 30,000 men 
 on 15th-21stMay, 1800, encountered the greatest difficulties. The 
 road, hewn in the rock, and avoiding the steep parts of the old 
 route, traverses the forest of St. Pierre and the Defile de Charreire. 
 Fine scenery; several falls of the Drance. 33/4M. Cantine de Proz 
 (5982') , a lonely inn , at the beginning of the Plan de Proz. To 
 the E. rises the snow-clad Mont Velan, from which descends the 
 Glacier de Proz, with its extensive moraines. 
 
 For the ascent of -Mont Velan (12.355'; 6-7 hrs.; difficult; for experts 
 only; guide 25 fr.), the starting-point is either the Cantine de Proz 
 (6 hrs. to the top, crossing the Glacier de Proz. very steep at places), or 
 the Chalets d^Amont (see p. 2S9; ascent rather longer, but less difficult). 
 Above the chalets we ascend a -cheminee" to the E. moraine of the 
 Glacier du Valsorey, cross the glacier to the E. rocky slope of Aft. de la 
 
 Baedekek, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 19
 
 290 V.Route78. ST. BERNARD HOSPICE. From Mar tigny 
 
 Gouille. and mount (an interesting climb) to the upper and grandest 
 part of tlie glacier 5 cross it, ascend another cheminee, traverse masses 
 of rock, and reach the summit in 6-7 hrs. in all. Magnilicent view: X., 
 as far as the Lake of Geneva; S.. to the Val d'Aosta. immediately to the 
 W. tovrers Mont Blanc 5 to the N.E, the Grand Comhin. 
 
 The road ascends the boulder-strewn pastures of the Plan de Proz 
 to (1 M.) theCanfme d'en Eaut^ traverses the Pas de Marengo, a rocky 
 defile, and reaches the (33/4 M.) Hospitalet (6890'), two stone chalets 
 and an Alpine dairy in a broader part of the valley, across the stream, 
 to the right. It next (1 M.) crosses the Drance by the Pont Nudrit 
 (TSSG'), recrosses it farther on by the (V4M.) Pont Tronchet (7457'), 
 and leads through the dreary Grande Combe to the (il '2 M-) — 
 
 32 M. Hospice of St. Bernard (8120'), situated on the pass, and 
 consisting of two large buildings. One contains the church, the 
 dwellings of the brethren, and the rooms for travellers, the other 
 and smaller (Hotel de St. Louis) is a refuge in case of fire ; and 
 contains the store-house and lodging for poor wa}-farers. On arriv- 
 ing, strangers are welcomed by one of the brethren, who conducts 
 them to a room and presides over the meals (at 12 and 6 or 7 ; 
 Frid. and Sat. are fast-days). Travellers are boarded and lodged 
 gratuitously, but few will deposit in the alms-box ('tron^on des 
 aumones, in the church, near the centre of the left wall), less than 
 they would have paid at a hotel. Adjacent is a small Restaurant. 
 
 In 962 St. Bernard de Menthon (p. 257) founded the monastery here. 
 The inmates now consist of 10-15 Augustinian monks and 7 attendants 
 (mai'oniers), whose office it is to receive and lodge strangers gratuitously, 
 and to render assistance to travellers in danger during the snowy season, 
 which here lasts nearly nine months. In this work of benevolence they 
 are aided by the famous St. Bernard dogs, whose kennels are worth 
 visiting. Their keen sense of smell enables them to track and discover 
 travellers buried in the snow, numbers of whom have been rescued by 
 these noble and sagacious animals. The stock is said to have come ori- 
 ginally from the Spanish Pyrenees, but the genuine old breed is extinct. 
 
 The brotherhood of St. Bernard consists of about 40 members. Some 
 Oi the monks minister in the Hospice on the Simplon (p. 300) ; others 
 perform ecclesiastical functions. The sick and aged have an asylum at 
 Martigny. Next to the fourth Gantoniera S. Maria on the Stelvio Pass 
 (p. 41S)'St. Bernard is the highest winter habitation in the Alps. Hum- 
 boldt in his 'Kosmos' mentions that the mean temperature at the Hospice 
 of St. Bernard (45° N. latitude) is 30° Fahr. (in winter 15°, spring 25°, 
 summer 48°, autumn 32°), and that such a low temperature would only be 
 found on the sea-level at a latitude of 75° (the S. Cape of Spitzbergen). 
 
 The monastery was very wealthy in the middle ages. The benefi- 
 cence of its object' was widely recognised by extensive grants, chiefly by 
 the emperors of Germany, and gifts from various parts of Christendom; but 
 it was afterwards impoverished by various vicissitudes. The 30-40,000 fr. 
 required for its annual support are in part derived from the revenues of the 
 monastery, and in part from annual collections made in Switzerland; the 
 gifts of travellers, it must be said with regret, form a very insignificant 
 portion of the sum. Of late years 16-20.000 travellers have been annually 
 accommodated, while the sum they have contributed barely amounts to what 
 would be a moderate hotel -charge for 1000 guests. The expenses of the 
 establishment are increasing. Provisions are generally brought from Aosta, 
 and in July, August, and September about twenty horses are employed 
 daily in the" transport of fuel from the Val Ferret (see below), 4 hrs. distant. 
 
 The traveller will hardly quit the hospice without a feeling of venera-
 
 to Aosta. ST. BERNARD HOSPICE. F. Route 78. 291 
 
 tion and compaaaion for this devoted fraternity. They generally begin 
 their career at the age of 18 or 19. After about fifteen years' service the 
 severity of the climate has undermined their constitutions, and they are 
 compelled to descend with broken health to the milder climate of Mar- 
 tigny or some other dependency. Amid the pleasure and novelty of the 
 scene, the traveller is too apt to forget the dreariness of the eight or nine 
 months of winter, when all the wayfarers are poor, when the cold is in- 
 tense, the snow of great depth, and the dangers from storms frequent 
 and imminent. It is then that the privations of these heroic men are most 
 severe, and their services to their fellow-creatures most invaluable. 
 
 During the Italian campaigns of 1798, 1799, and 1800, the pass was 
 crossed by several hundred thousand soldiers, French and Austrian. In 
 1799 the Austrians endeavoured to pass the hospice, but after several 
 fierce engagements the French remained masters of the pass, and kept a 
 garrison of 180 men in the hospice for a whole year. Napoleon's famous 
 passage has already been mentioned (p. 289). The Romans used this route 
 in B.C. 100. After the foundation of Augusta Praetoria Salassorum (Aosta, 
 B.C. 26) it became more frequented. Constantine caused the road to be 
 improved in 339. The Lombards made the passage about 547; Bernard, 
 an uncle of Charlemagne, marched an army by this route into Italy in 
 773, and , according to some, gave his name to the pass. 
 
 The present substantial edifice dates from the middle of the 16th 
 cent., the church from 1680. The walls of the dining-room are hung 
 with engravings and pictures, the gifts of grateful travellers. In the 
 library on the upper floor is a collection of ancient and modern 
 coins, relics found in the environs (fragments of votive brass tablets 
 oflered to Jupiter Poeninus (p. 292) after escape from danger, statu- 
 ettes, etc.), and a small natural history collection. The visitors' books 
 contain many well-known names. A chapel to the left of the entrance 
 to the church contains the monument of General Desaix , who fell 
 at the battle of Marengo in 1800. Relief by Moitte. 
 
 Near the hospice is the Morgue, a receptacle for bodies found 
 in the snow. The small lake to the W. of the monastery is some- 
 times coated with ice even on summer mornings. On the hillside 
 to the right is a small botanic garden with Alpine plants. — To- 
 wards the E. of the hospice we observe the snow-capped Mont 
 Velan, adjoined on the left by the Combin de Corbassihre {i2,2i0'\ 
 
 The *Chenaletta (9475'; Vf-z hr., steep at places ; guide necessary), to the 
 N. of the Hospice; the Pointe des Lacerandes (Pic de Dronaz; 9675'; 2V2- 
 3 hrs., with guide ; trying), to the N.W. ; and the Mont Mort (9405'), IV2 hr 
 to the S.E., all command magnificent views of Mont Blanc, the Graian 
 Alps, Monte Rosa, and (N.) the Bernese Alps, while the Mont Velan 
 and Grand-Combin are quite near. 
 
 Feom the Hospice to Martignt over the Col de FenAtre (9 hrs. ; 
 with guide), recommended as a return-route to persons visiting the Hospice 
 from Martigny. From the path to the Vacherie (p. 292) the (20 min.) bridle- 
 path a.scends rather steeply to the right, to the (1 hr.) Col de Fenetre 
 (88.'j5'; fine view). It descends over debris and sometimes snow, past the 
 three small Lacs de Fenetre, to the chalets of (IV4 hr.) Plan la Chaud and 
 (1 hr.) Fervet (5565'), where it unites with the route from the Col Ferret 
 (p. 282). — From the Hospice to Codrmateur (9-10 hrs.) the direct route is 
 across the Col de Fenetre and the Col Ferret. In order to reach the Col 
 Ferret we need not descend from the Col de Fenetre to Ferret, but (guide 
 advisable) beyond the third lake we turn to the left, descend steep grassy 
 slopes to a bridge over the Drance, follow its left bank for a time, and then 
 ascend on the right bank of the brook coming from the Col de Fenetre, until 
 
 19*
 
 292 V. Route 78. ST. REMY. 
 
 (alter about 50 min.) we can cross it. A steep ascent of 1/2 tr. more brings us 
 to the Col Ferret route (p. 282 ; from the Hospice to the Col, 5 hrs.). 
 
 On the N.W. side of tlie lake on the St. Bernard Pass , near a 
 small hroolc, are stones marking the Italian frontier. On the ad- 
 jacent Plan de Jupiter once rose a temple to Jupiter Poeninus. 
 The mountain has thence derived its Italian name of Monte Jove, 
 locally Mont Joux, and the range is called the Pennine Alps. The 
 path rounds an angle of rock and descends in a wide bend to La 
 Vacherie, a green pasture, -where the cattle of the hospice graze, with 
 several chalets, and the Cantine (7270'), or road-menders' house. 
 To the "W, rises the conical Pain de Sucre (9515')- A shorter foot- 
 path, diverging to the left at a cross, before the above-mentioned 
 angle of rock, rejoins the bridle-path here. The path zigzags down 
 the left side of the valley, and then descends gradually to (1 hr.) 
 St. Remy (5353'; Hot. des Alpes Pennines)^ the first Italian village, 
 where the road begins. The first house on the right is the custom- 
 house. Mule and attendant to the Hospice 41/2 fr. 
 
 From St. RSjit to Courmaxeuk over the Col de la Serena (7580'), 
 9-10 hrs., fatiguing and not very interesting. (From the hospice over the 
 Col de Fenetre and Col de Ferret, preferable, see above.) 
 
 The deep and narrow Val des Bosses diverges from the valley of 
 St. Bernard beyond St. Remy. Cultivation on both sides of the 
 valley begins at (21/4 M.) St. Oyen (4515'), and becomes richer 
 at (ll/o M.) Etroubles (4200'; Croix Blanche; National). The road 
 crosses the Buthier here, and skirts the right side of the valley, 
 soon running high above the river. Opposite, on the slope, is the 
 church of Allein. 2 M. Les Echevenoz (4050'), a hamlet; (I1/2 M.) 
 La Cluse (3940'), a solitary house. By (1 M.) the village of Con- 
 demine a view is disclosed of the long Valpellina, with the snow- 
 clad Mont Collon (p. 312) in the background. To the N. tower 
 the rounded summit of Mont Velan and the imposing pyramid of 
 the Grand Combin. The road descends in long windings to (1 1/2^.) 
 Gignod (3260'), with a square tower of the 14th cent., most pic- 
 turesquely situated opposite the entrance to the Valpellina from 
 which the main arm of the Buthier descends. Far below is the 
 church-tower of Roysan, and farther up the village of Valpelline. 
 
 The scenery now assumes a softer character; walnuts, chestnuts, 
 vines, and maize thrive luxuriantly. The road, running high up on the 
 right side of the valley, gradually descends. Before us the fine pyra- 
 mid of the Grivola is visible for a time. To the left is the blunted 
 cone of Mt. Mary (9230'). Beyond (2Y4M.) Signayes, where the ex- 
 tensive vineyards of Aosta begin, the three-peaked Rutor appears 
 on the right. Before us rise the Becca di Nona and Mt. Emilius; 
 to the left, the S. spurs of Mte. Rosa. — IV2 ^I- 
 
 131/2 M. Aosta, see p. 283.
 
 293 
 
 79. From Martigny to Aosta over the Col de Fenetre. 
 Val de Bagnes. 
 
 Comp. Map^ p. 288. 
 From Martigny to Mauvoisin 8V4 hrs. (Sembrancher Q'/ij Chable IV2, 
 Champsec 1 , Lourtier 1/2, Mauvoisin 2V2 brs.)- To Lourtier a good road 
 (diligence from Martigny to Cbable daily in S'/a hrs. ; one-horse carr. 18 fr.) ; 
 thence a bridle-path. — Travellers going to Aosta over the Col de FEXfixRE 
 (guide 18 fr. % Siraphin and Justin Bessard , F. Besee , Maw.- Ant. Troillet, 
 and others at Chable) should pass the night at Mauvoisin, or at Chermontane, 
 23/4 hrs. farther up. From Chermontane to the pass IV2, Valpellina 4, Aosta 
 2 hrs. Good carriage-road from Valpellina to Aosta. 
 
 From Martigny to (8 M.) Sembrancher, see p. 288. "We diverge 
 here to the left from the St. Bernard road, cross the Drance, and 
 follow the right bank of the Drance de Bagnes to (4^/2 M.) Chable 
 (2743'; *ndt. du Gietroz, moderate), the capital of the Val de Bagnes, 
 picturesquely situated. In the background to the S.E. is the snow- 
 clad Ruinette (12,727'); to the left Mont Pleureur (12,1550 and the 
 Glacier de Gietroz. 
 
 The Pierre -a -Voir (8123') may be ascended hence in 5 hrs. (guide 
 6fr.-, comp. p. 238). — Monl Briild (8450') in 5 hrs., via Zeppelet and J/tHe 
 (comp. p. 288). — To Orsihres or Liddes (pp. 288, 289), over the Col. de 
 Sexblanc (about 7380') in 7 hrs., attracttive and not difficult (guide con- 
 venient). Fine view of Mont Blanc from the top of the pass. — Over 
 the Col des Etablons to Riddes, see p. 296. 
 
 We now follow the left bank of the Drance, pass Montagnier on 
 the right bank, and reach Verseglre and (21/2 M.) Champsec (2965'). 
 Here we cross the Drance and ascend to (^o ^r.) Lourtier (3655'; 
 rustic inn), where the road ends. Between Lourtier and Mauvoisin 
 the Drance forms several falls ; at (1 hr.) Granges Neuves it receives 
 a large contribution from the Glacier de Corbassiere. Then (20 min.) 
 Fionney (4910'; ^Hot.-Pens. Carron, 5 fr. ; *Hdt. Fionney). 
 
 To the Cabane de Panossiere (8900'j a most interesting excursion (from 
 Fionney, by the Corlassiere Alp, in 4'/2 hrs., with guide ; from Mauvoisin, 
 over the Col de Plangolin or Col des Otanes, 9360', in 3'/2-4 hrs). This 
 club-hut, finely situated on the margin of the huge Corbassihre Glacier, is 
 the starting-puint for the Combin de Corbassiire (12.210'), the Tovrnelon 
 Blanc iX'l.Wy), the Col des Maisons - Blanches (p. 294), etc. The Grand 
 Combin (14,163'; 7-8 hrs.) is best ascended from this point, but requires ex- 
 perience and a steady head (comp. pp. 289, 294). 
 
 Passes. To the E. of Fionnev a fatiguing route crosses the Alp Le 
 Cret (7575') to the Col du Cret (10.330'; splendid view), on the S. side of 
 the Parrain (10,702') ; descent over the Glacier des Ecoidaies to the (6-7 hrs.) 
 Alp La Barma in the Val des Dix (1 hr. below Liappey, p. 311). A 
 similar pass is the Col de Sevreu (10,500'), between the Parrain and 
 the Rosa Blanche; ascent by Alp Sevreu and the small glacier of that name 
 to the (4V2hrs.) col, with "fine view; descent to (2 hrs.) La Barma (guide 
 over the Col du Cret, or Col du Sevreu, and the Col de la Meina to 
 Evolena 18 fr.). — Two other passes (trying, for mountaineers only), one 
 the Col de Cleuson (9565'), to the W. of the Rosa Blanche (10,985'; an ad- 
 mirable point, easilv ascended from the pass in l'/4 hr.), the other the 
 Col de Louvie (9510'), to the S.E. of the Mont Fort (10,925'), lead to the 
 N.E. to the glacier of the Grand Desert. Descent thence to the (8-9 hrs.) 
 Alp Cleuson (6975') in the Val de ^^endaz, whence a good bridle-path leads 
 to (3hrs.) A'endaz (BSiOi) and (2V2hrs.) Sion (p. 296). From the Col de Cleuson 
 the traveller mav prefer to cross the Grand De'sert towards the N.E. and 
 the Col de Prazjleuri (9705') to the Val dee Dix (p 311).
 
 294 V. Route 79. VAL DE BAGNES. 
 
 Above Fionney the valley becomes narrower and wilder. The 
 bridle-path leads on the right bank of the Drance by Bonatchesse 
 to the (IV2 ^r.) bridge of Mauvoisin, or Montvoisin (5570'), span- 
 ning the Drance, which flows 100' below. On the opposite bank, 
 20 min. higher, is the *H6tel du Gietroz (5847'; 24 beds.) 
 
 About 1 M. to tlie S. of the botel, on the right side of the valley, is 
 the Cascade du Gidtroz, the discharge of the Glacier de Gietroz. which 
 has receded much of late. A good view of it may be obtained from the 
 Pierre it Vire (7823'), ascended by the chapel behind the inn in IV4 hr. 
 In the winter of 1817-18 the fallen masses of ice and snow so impeded the 
 Drance that a considerable lake was formed above Mauvoisin. In June, 
 1818, this sheet of water burst its barriers and cansed terrible devastation 
 throughout the entire Yal de Bagnes as far as Sembrancher and Martigny. 
 
 The path again descends to the Drance and intersects the former 
 bed of the lake. It next leads through the ravine of Torrembey, and 
 passes the chalets of (i^/o hr.) Petite Chermontane (6290'), where it 
 crosses to the left bank, and Vingthuit. Beyond the (^2 hr.) chalets 
 of Boussine (6570') the path divides: the right branch crosses the 
 moraine and the fiat tongue of the Glacier du Mont-Durand to the 
 Alp Grande Chermontane (occupied in July and August only) ; the 
 left branch crosses the Drance to the chalets of Lancey (6716') and 
 ascends to the(lV2tr.) CabanedeChanrion (8660'), a well fltted-up 
 club-hut, beautifully situated on the W. slope of the Poin/ed' Of emma 
 (10,985'). The head of the valley is encircled from W. to E. by the 
 Grand Combin (14,163'), Tour de Boussine (12,590'), Amianthe 
 (11,810'), Tete de Buy (11,225'), Mont Avril (10,985'), and Mont 
 (?€Ze (11,540'). 
 
 ExcuEsroNs. *Mont Avril (10,960'), from Chermontane (V2 hr. from 
 Chanrion) by the Col de Fenetre, 3 hrs., easy (see below; guide 10 fr.). 
 
 — Tour de Boussine (12,590'), by the Glacier' du Mont-Durand, 7-8 hrs., 
 laborious (guide 25 fr.). — Grand Combin (14.163') , by the Col du Sona- 
 don (see below) in 10-12 hrs., difficult (guide 40 fr.; comp. p. 293). — 
 Mont Blanc de Seilon (12,700'), from Mauvoisin by the Glacier de Giitroz^ 
 10 hrs. (guide 30 fr.) ; or better from Chanrion over the Glacier de Breney^ 
 6-7 hrs. ; magnificent view. — Mont Pleureur (12,155'), from Mauvoisin, 
 by the Alp Gietroz^ 8 hrs. (guide 15 fr.), not very difficult. — The Pointe 
 d'0<em»ia (10,985'), from Chanrion 2V 2-3 hrs. (guide 12 fr.); - Pigno d' Arolla 
 (12,472'), from Chanrion 5-6 hrs. (20 fr. ; not difficult); Tournelon Blanc 
 (12,180'), from Mauvoisin 8 hrs. (15 fr.) ; La Luette (11,625'), from Mauvoisin 
 7-8 hrs. (15 fr.) ; Serpentine (12,110'). from Chanrion 5-6 hrs. (20 fr.), and 
 Ruinette (12,725'), from Chanrion 6-7 hrs. (30 fr.) may also be ascended by 
 mountaineers (tariff from Mauvoisin). 
 
 Passes. Over the Col du Sonadon (11,445') to Bourg-St. Pierre, a 
 difficult glacier-pass (11-12 hrs., guide 30 fr.). From Chermontane to the 
 W., up the Glacier du Mont-Durand to the pass, on the S. side of the 
 Grand Combin; descent over the Glacier du Sonadon to the Valsorey 
 (p. 289) and Bourg-St. Pierre (p. 289). — Over the Col des Maisons-Blanches 
 (11.240'), 12-13 hrs. from Mauvoisin or Fionney to Bourg-St. Pierre, grand, 
 but difficult (guide 25 fr. ; spend night in the Cahane de Panossiere, p. 293). 
 
 — To the S., "besides the Col de Fenetre (p. 295), another route crosses 
 the Col de Crete-Seche (9475'), traversing the lower end of the Glacier 
 d'Otemma and the Glacier de Crete-Seche. to the Valpellina (to Valpelline 
 8 hrs., from Chanrion, guide 18 fr.). — To the Val d'Here'mence over the 
 Col de Seilon (10,665'; 53,4 hrs. from Mauvoisin to Liappey; 61/4 hrs. to 
 Arolla), by the Glacier de Giitroz and the crevassed Glacier de Durand or 
 Seilouy fatiguing (better from Chanrion over the Glacier de Lprerose and
 
 SAXON. V. Route SO. 295 
 
 the Col du Mont Rouge, coinp. p. 313). Over the Col de Breney (11,975'; 
 7-8 hrs. from Chanrion to the Alp Seilon, p. 313), difficult. From the Col 
 de Ereney the "Pigno d^Arolln (12,470'), a superb point of view, may be 
 ascended in V2 hr. (comp. p. 312). From the Glacier Durand or Seilon we 
 may cross the Col de Eiedmatten or the Pas de Chevres to the E. to Arolla 
 (see p. 313). — Over the Col de Vasevay (10.705'; 6-7 hrs. from Nauvoisin 
 to Liappey), interesting, and not very difficult. — To Arolla over the 
 Glacier d'Otemma and Col de Chermontane (10 hrs. from Chanrion) , see 
 p. 313; Col de VEveque (13 hrs.), see p. 313, — From the upper Glacier 
 d'Otemma over the Col d''Otemma (about 11,025') or the Col de la Reuse 
 d' Arolla or Col d' Oren (10.635') to Valpelline, difficult (8-9 hrs. from Chan- 
 rion to Pra-Raye'; guide 20 fr.). 
 
 The route from Chermontane to the (II/2 lir.) Col de Fenetre 
 (9140') ascends at first over pastures and then over loose stones 
 and moraine-deposits, skirting the Glacier de Fenetre. To the left 
 rises the Mt. Geie (11,5400 ; to the right the Mont Avril (10,960'), 
 a splendid point of view (172-^ trs. from the pass ; no difficulty). 
 The col commands a fine view of the Val d'Ollomont and the Graian 
 Alps. A bridle-path descends past the chalets of Balme and Vaux to 
 (3 hrs.) Ollomont (4385' ; small inn) and (3/4 hr.) Valpelline (3130' ; 
 two small innsl, whence a good road leads to (9 M.) Aosta (p. 283). 
 
 80. From Martigny to Domodossola over the Simplon. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 288, 296, 298, 304:, 310^ 4:34. 
 
 88V2M. Railway from Martigny to (471/2 M.) Brig in 2V2-3hrs., fares 
 8fr. 20, 5fr. 80, 4 fr. 10c. (from Lausanne to Brig in 5-6 hrs., fares 
 15 fr. 20, 10 fr. 70, 7 fr. 60 c.; from Geneva to Brig in 8V2 hrs.. fares 
 21 fr. 55, 15 fr. 15. 10 fr. 80 c). — Diligence from Brig to Domodossola 
 (41 M.) twice daily in summer, in 8^/4 hrs. (fares 16 fr. 5, coupe 19 fr. 
 30 c). — Luggage to be sent by post over the Simplon must be booked 
 the previous night. It cannot be conveyed beyond Iselle (Italian frontier, 
 p. 302) unless the keys are sent with it to the custom-house there. — 
 Extrapost with two horses from Brig to Domodossola 88 fr. 40 c.; carriage 
 with one horse 45 fr., with two horses 90 fr. (apply at the hotels). 
 
 Martigny (1560'), see p. 238. (From Geneva or Lausanne to 
 Martigny, see R. 66.) 
 
 The Rhone Valley from Martigny to Brig presents few attractions 
 to pedestrians. The valley, averaging 21/2 M. in width, formerly showed 
 many traces of the disastrous inundations of the Rhone, or Rliodan . or 
 Rotten (p. 304), as the river is called in the Valaisian patois, and its 
 tributaries, but since the extensive improvements recently efTected in the 
 river-channels, vineyards, meadows, fruit-gardens, and potato-lields are 
 gradually spreading. The valley is enclosed on both sides by lofty 
 mountain-chains, at the foot of which (especially on the right or N. bank 
 beyond Sieire) vines flourish. Snow-clad peaks rise here and there from 
 the lateral valleys to the S. A kind of gnat , with black gauzy wings, is 
 a source of great annoyance in the marshy parts of the lower valley, es- 
 pecially in the evening ; bedroom-windows should therefore be closed early. 
 
 At Martigny the Rhone Valley forms a right angle. The railway, not 
 far from the left bank of the river, runs straight on via (3 M.) Charrat- 
 Fully to the (5 M.) Baths of Saxon (1570'; *Gr.-Hdt. des Bains). The 
 Etablissement des Bains (water impregnated with iodine) lies V4^^' ^0 
 the right of the station. The village, commanded by a ruined castle, 
 is picturesquely situated in a gorge at the foot of the Pierre-k-Voir. 
 
 Ascent of the Pierre-d-Voir (8125') from Saxon in 5-6 hrs., by a bridle- 
 path (guide 6, horse and man 12 fr.); see p. 238. — To CHABLEin the Val
 
 296 V. Route 80. SIGN. From Martigny 
 
 de Bagnes (p. 293) from Saxon (or from Riddes, see below), a bridle-path 
 over the Col des Etablons (7130'; fine view) in 7 hrs. (guide unnecessary). 
 
 — To Sembrancher over the Pas du Lens, see p. 288. 
 
 On a hill on the right bank of the Rhone is Saillon, with a ruin- 
 ed castle. The train crosses the Rhone (1570') beyond (872M.) Biddes, 
 and the Liserne at (12 M.) Ardon (Hot. du Pont). Ardon, Vitroz^ 
 and Conthey, all yielding excellent wine (see p. 244), lie at the foot 
 of the hills to the left. The train crosses the Morge. 
 
 16 M. Sion, Ger. Sitten (1710'; pop. 5513; "^Hot. de la Poste, 
 R., L., & A. 31/2, D- 3 fr., omnibus 50 c; *E6t. du Midi, mod- 
 erate, good wine; Pens. Beerli- Peter), the Roman Sedunum , the 
 capital of Canton Valais, which formed the French Departement 
 du Simplon in 1810-15, lies on the Sionne, which flows through 
 it in an artificial channel covered with beams (Rue du Grand- 
 pont, forming the principal street). From a distance the town, with 
 its castles on isolated hills, has a handsome appearance. On the 
 height to the N. are the ruins of the episcopal castle of Tour- 
 billon (2150'), erected in 1294, and burned down in 1788 (reached 
 in 20min. by the Rue du Chateau, to the left by the town-hall) ; 
 extensive view, down to Martigny, and up to Leuk. On the lower hill 
 to the right, on the site of a Roman fort, stands the old castle of Va- 
 leria (2040'), surrounded by towers and other buildings , among 
 which is the Church of Notre Dame de Valere (9-13th cent.), with 
 remarkable capitals, pictures, carved choir-stalls, etc. The newly- 
 founded cantonal Antiquarian Museum occupies an adjacent room. 
 
 — Close to the town, near Tourbillon, is the castle of Majoria, 
 which was also burned down with a portion of the town in 1788; 
 part of it is now a barrack. 
 
 In the town itself the Gothic Cathedral (end of the 15th cent., 
 with a tower of the 9th cent.) and the elegant church of St. Theo- 
 dule adjoining it are objects of interest. In the old mansion of the 
 Supersaxo family, in the Gundisgasse, is a fine hall with an artistic- 
 ally carved Renaissance ceiling of 1505 (visitors admitted). 
 
 From Sion over the Rawyl to Tlmn, see R. 56; over the Pas de Cheville 
 to Bex, see R. 69; over the Sanetseh to Gsteig, see p. 239 (the E6tel Sa- 
 netsch at Zanfleuron may be reached from Sion in 5 hrs.). — To the Mayens 
 de Sion and Evolena, see R. 88. — In the deep ravine of the Borgne, about 
 1 M, from Bramois (p. 310: 3 M. to the E. of Sion), is the hermitage of 
 Longeborgne, hewn out of the rock, and much frequented by pilgrims. 
 
 Above Sion the Borgne descends from the Val d'Herens (p. 310), 
 at the head of which we obtain a glimpse of the Dents de Veisivi. 
 Near (19V2 M.) St. Leonard we cross the Riere, which rises on the 
 Rawyl. 21 M. Granges; the village, with a ruined castle and a 
 church on the hill, lies on the left bank of the Rhone, 1/2 M. to the S. 
 
 251/2 M. Sierre, Ger. Siders (1765'; pop. 1342; *Bellevue, 
 with garden, R. & L. 2, B. 1, D. 4, pens. 6 fr. ; *Poste, R., L., & A. 
 3 fr., B. 1 fr. 20 c, D. 3 fr.; Eng. Church Service in summer), with 
 a number of interesting , but mostly dilapidated mediaeval houses, 
 lies picturesquely on a hill , amidst luxuriant vegetation. On the
 
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 to Domodossola. LEUK-SUSTEN. F. Route 80. 297 
 
 side next the Rhone is the Schinderthurm, or ruined castle of 
 Vieux-Sierre , with a fine view of the Val d'Anniviers and the 
 Rothhorn. On a rocky hill above the Rhone, 1/2 M. to the S., is the 
 Oeronde (2043'), formerly a Carthusian monastery, now a farm, with 
 two little lakes (baths). Good wine is produced in this district. 
 
 From Sierre to St. Luc in the Val d'Anniviers (Bella Tola) and Zinal, 
 and passes to the Turtmann Valley and the Val d' Herens , see R. 83. — 
 Interesting ascent of the Mont Bonvin (9845'), by Miege and the Praheron 
 and Colomhire Alps., 7-8 hrs.; superb view of the Valaisian Alps, and of 
 the Glacier de la Plaine Morte and the Wildstrubel to the N. 
 
 Beyond Sierre a short tunnel and a deep cutting. 271/0 M. Sal- 
 gesch, Fr. Salquenen, a wine-growing village. The line, hewn in 
 the rock at places, skirts the hill-side, and approaches the Rhone, 
 the valley of which is strewn with debris. On the opposite side is 
 the Illgraben (see below). We cross the deep gorge of the Bala, 
 pass through another tunnel, and cross the Rhone to — 
 
 3OV0 M. Lenk-Susten, Fr. Loeche-Souste {2Q\h' ; *Hdtel de la 
 Souste, R., L., & A. 2V2-3V2' ^- '^-^ f^-' *-^"'^' Restaurant'). The 
 little old town of Leuk, with its castle and towers (p. 181), lies on 
 the right bank , high above the Rhone. On a hill to the left is 
 perched the church of Varen. 
 
 To the Baihs of Leuk (3 hrs. on foot), see p. 185 5 one-horse carr. 13 
 (there and back 18 fr.), two-horse 25 fr. 
 
 The High Road from Sieree to Leck Station traverses the Forest 
 of Pfi/n, about 2 M. Ions; and 1/2 M. broad, a ranse of pine-clad hills. 100' to 
 200' high. On the E. side of these hills lies Pfyn (1853'), Fr. Finge (ad fines), 
 the boundary between the two languages. From this point to the source 
 of the Rhone, German only is spoken. Before reaching stat. Leuk , the 
 road crosses a canal, 16' deep, which in rainy weather drains the *I11- 
 graben, or Hollengraben. a vast semicircular basin, the bleak, yellowish 
 slopes of which are visible on the right. During heavy rains the water 
 rushes from the steep and barren sides into this cavity, carrying masses 
 of rock and stone down to the Rhone. 
 
 The line traverses meadows on the left bank of the Rhone, 
 passing the chateau of Baron Werra , and is carried by a stone 
 embankment along the artificial channel of the river. We cross 
 the Turtmannhach to {M M.) Turtmann (2080'), Fr. Tourtemagne; 
 the village [Poste or Lion; Soleil, both plain), lies 1/2 M- *o ^^^ 
 right, at the mouth of the Turtmann Valley (p. 319). The torrent 
 forms a fine waterfall, 85' high, 8 min. from the Post Inn. 
 
 351/2 M. Gampel. The village, with deserted smelting-works, 
 lies on the right bank, 1 M. distant, at the narrow mouth of the 
 Lotschenthal (p. 18G), through which peeps the snowy Petersgrat 
 (p. 160). Near Niedergesteln are the scanty ruins of the Gestelnburg. 
 39 M. Raron, Fr. Rarogne ; on the opposite bank, at the mouth of 
 the Bietschthal^ lies the village, with its old church on a rocky hill. 
 On a wooded height on the left bank , to the right of the line, 
 above the hamlet of Turtig , is the little pilgrimage-church of 
 Wandfluh , reached by a winding path flanked with oratories. 
 We now quit the Rhone, and cross the turbid Visp, which has cov- 
 ered the Rhone Valley here with its debris.
 
 298 V. Route 80. BRIG. From Martigny 
 
 421/2 M. Visp, or Vispach, Fr. Viege (2155'; pop. 858; *Post, 
 Sonne, in the viDage, R., L., & A. 3, B. IV2, D. 4 fr. ; Hot. des 
 Alpes, at the station, R. 2^/2, D. 81/2 fr.; Rail. Restaurant, with 
 ■beds'), a picturesque village at the mouth of the Visp Valley 
 (p. 320], has several old mansion-houses and handsome churches. 
 The beautiful snow-mountain at the head of the Visp Valley is the 
 Balfrinhorn (12,475'; p. 333), the first peak of the Saasgrat, which 
 separates the valleys of Saas and Nicolai. — Railway to Zermatt, 
 see p. 320. 
 
 Ahove Visp we again approach the Rhone, and skirt it by 
 means of a stone embankment, traversing several stony tracts, es- 
 pecially at the influx of the Gamsen, which descends from the Nan- 
 zer Thai. The right bank is steep and wooded. To the right of the line 
 is the pilgrim-resort of Glis, with a large church, at the base of the 
 Glishorn (8290'); to the E. rises the fine pyramid of the Bortelhorn 
 (p. 300). We then cross the artificial channel of the Saltine to — 
 
 47 1/2 M. Brig, Fr. Brigue (2245' ; pop. 1172 ; *H6t. des Couronnes 
 (?' Paste", R., L., & A. 31/2-4:, D. ^1/2 fr. ; Angleterre, R., L., & 
 
 A. 3-4, lunch 3, D. 4 fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Muller, moderate; *Pens. 
 de Londres, opposite the post office ; *Rail. Restaurant, with beds), 
 a small town, where the railway terminates. The turreted StocJcalper 
 Chateau contains an interesting interior court, a large hall, etc. 
 The terrace in front of the former Jesuits' monastery commands 
 a fine view. The fine snow-mountain to theS.E. is the "Wasenhorn ; 
 to the N. the Sparrhorn, Belalp, and Eggishorn are visible. 
 
 To Belalp, a beantiful excursion (bridle-path, 4i/2-5hrs.; porter 5, 
 horse 15 fr.). From Brig we cross the Rhone to (1 31.) Naters (p. 307), 
 and ascend to the left by a poor and stony and almost shadeless path, steep 
 at places (new bridle-path being made), "via Geimen (3440'), to (2 hrs.) the 
 village of Flatten (4330' \ rustic Inn) ; then through wood and over the 
 Mischenen and Eggen Alps to the (2 hrs.) -Hotel Belalp (7155'; R., L., & A. 4, 
 
 B. IV2, D. 5. pens. 9-li fr.). suitable for a stay of some duration (English 
 Church), situated on the Liisgen-Alp at the base of the Sparrhorn, and high 
 above the Aletsch Glacier. (Splendid view of the Valaisian Alps. Sunrise 
 particularly fine.) The little Villa Liisgen, 5 min. above the hotel, belongs 
 to Prof. Tyndall. 
 
 Excursions from the Belalp Hotel. Pleasant walk on the hillside, 
 past the hamlet of Belalp (6735'), to that of (IV2-2 hrs.) Nessel (6675'; milk, 
 etc.), high above the Rhone Valley, with beautiful view. — To the *TJpper 
 Aletsch Glacier, very attractive. Bridle-path from the hotel to the 
 {}li hr.) W. moraine ; then across this and a second moraine to the almost 
 uncrevassed glacier, with its numerous 'ice-tables', 'glacier-mills', etc.. as 
 far as the (IV4 hr.) Oher aletsch- Hut of the S. A. C. on the E. side (8695'), 
 at the foot of the Fnsshorner (11,900'). We may walk up the glacier to the 
 right to the foot of the Great Aletschhorn (p. 306), or traverse the Beichfrn 
 to the left to the snow-slopes of the Beichgrat (see below; 8-10 hrs. in all; 
 guide, 5 fr., and provisions necessary). — To the *Great Aletsch Glacier 
 and its splendid natural ice cavern , also very interesting (2V2 hrs. there 
 and back). At the farther end of the cave is a large waterfall. 
 
 'Sparrhorn {Belalphorn , 9890'), 2V2-3 hrs. from the inn, bridle-path 
 most of the way (guide 4 fr., unnecessary for the experienced). Beautiful view, 
 finer on the S. side than from the Eggishorn, but inferior to it on the N. 
 side. (Panorama at the inn.) To the N., above the Aletsch Glacier, and 
 to the left of the Fusshorner, the Grosse Aletschhorn is most prominent ;
 
 ^ 
 

 
 to Domodossola. BEICH PASS. V. Route 80. 299 
 
 adjoining it are the Sattelhorn, Ebnefluh, Distelhorn , Breithorn , and 
 the Tschingelhorner, and to the left, adjacent to the Hochstock, is the Kest- 
 horn. Towards the S. rises the broad mass of the Monte Leone ; more 
 to the right are the Fletschhorn, Monte Rosa, Mischabel, Matterhorn, 
 Weisshorn, Brunnegghorn, Dent Blanche, Grand Combin, and Mont Blanc. 
 To the left of Monte Leone are the Bortelhorn , iliillehorn , Helsenhorn, 
 Punta d'Arbola, Giischihorn , Ofenhorn. the peaks of the St. Gotthard 
 group, and lastly the Walliser Fiescherhorner. 
 
 The Great Aletschhorn (13,77o'; 8 hrs. , guide 40 fr.); *Great Nesthorn 
 (12,530':, 5 hrs., 40 fr. ; grand view); Ldtschent/ialer Breithorn (12,410"; 6 hrs., 
 40 fr.), and Schienhorn (12 480'; 6-7 hrs., very diCficult) may be ascended 
 from the Oberaletsch Hut (by experts only). 
 
 From the Belalp to the Eggishorn Hotel (5V2 hrs.), see p. 306. Guide 
 8 fr. ; necessary only for the passage of the Great Aletsch Glacier (3 fr.). 
 
 Fkom Belalp to Ried over the Beichgeat, toilsome, but very inter- 
 esting (9-10 hrs.; guide 20 fr.). We ascend the Upper Aletsch Glacier and the 
 Beichfirn to the Belch Pass (10,235'), between the Schienhorn and the Lot- 
 schenthaler Breithorn (see above); then descend rapidly over the Ditiel 
 Glacier to the beautiful Gletscherstaffel Alp, the Fafler Alp (Chalet Seller, 
 p. IGO) and Ried (p. 186). 
 
 The Jj'p^tr Valais, and tlie Grimsel, Furka, and Gries passes, 
 see RR. 81, 52, 33, 82. 
 
 The SiMPLON Road, the first great Alpine route after the Bren- 
 ner, constructed by order of Napoleon I. in 1800-6, quits the Rhone 
 Valley here. From Brig to Domo d'Ossola (41 M.) the diligence 
 takes 91/2 hrs. (01/2 to Simplon, -where it halts Y2 ^^-i and 31/2 to 
 Domo d'Ossola), returning in 10 hrs. (from Domo d'Ossola to Simplon 
 51/2, thence to Brig 4 hrs.). A good walker may easily outstrip 
 the diligence in ascending from either side, especially if he takes 
 the short-cuts. The scenery is far finer than on the Spliigen route, 
 but the engineering of the road is less striking. 
 
 The ascent begins at the post-office (2320') at Brig. (About 
 100 yds. beyond the first bridge a short-cut diverges to the right and 
 crosses the road, which it finally rejoins near the second refuge. 
 Other short-cuts farther on.) The road is soon joined (1/9 ^1-) hy 
 the old road from Glis (p. 298), which crosses the gorge of the Sal- 
 tine by the lofty Pont Napoleon (2485'). Opposite rises the Glis- 
 horn (8290'). The road winds over green pastures to the E., in the 
 direction of the Klenenhorn (8840'). Fine retrospective view of 
 the Rhone Valley ; high above the right bank of the Rhone is the 
 Hotel Belalp, commanded by the Sparrhorn, with the Nesthorn on 
 the left ; to the right, farther up, the cone of the Eggishorn ; above 
 US, to the S., is the Kaltwasser Glacier, which the road afterwards 
 passes, and the Schouhorn. Beyond the hamlet of 5c/jiuc/ii, by the 
 (23/4 M.) First Refuge (3200'), the road turns back and ascends the 
 woCded slope in many windings, affording splendid views of the 
 Rhone Valley and the mountains of the Aletsch region. Beyond the 
 Bleiche Kapelle (4110') it again approaches the deep ravine of the 
 Saltine. By the (23/4 M.) Second, or Schallberg-Refuije (4330'; au- 
 berge) , two brooks from the Staldhorn , one on each side , unite 
 far below with the Saltine, the valley of which ( Ganterthal) now 
 turns to the E. Fine view of the picturesquely grouped valleys, and
 
 300 V. Route 80. BERISAL. From Martigny 
 
 of the Wasenhorn, Furggenbaumhorn, and Bortelhorn. The road, 
 now nearly level, traverses the Ganterthal to the (2 M.) Ganter 
 Bridge (4820'), which Is much exposed to avalanches in winter, 
 and ascends in a wide curve (short-cut to the left) to (1 M.) — 
 
 9 M. Berisal, the Third Refuge (5005'; *H6t. de la Poste, R., 
 L., & A. 31/25 B- ^72^ pens. 7-8 fr., finely situated, and suitable 
 for some stay ; Engl. Ch. Service in summer). 
 
 EscDESioNS. Wasenhorn (Punia di Terravossa. lOfiSO'; 5-6 hrs.; guide 
 8 fr.), interesting, and not difficult. — BettUhovn (9720'; 41/2 hrs., with guide) 
 not difficult (cnmp. p. 306). — BoHelhoyn {Punta delRehhio, 10.480'), by the 
 Bortel-Alp and the Boriel Glacier in 5 hrs.. laborious (guide 10 fr.). 
 
 From Beeisal to Iselle via Veglia. B-9 hrs.. with guide, an attractive 
 route, but fatiguing. We either ascend via the Bartel-Alp and the glacier 
 on the N. side of the Furggenhavmhorn {Punta cTAuvona^ SSSO*) to the 
 Forca del Kebbio (9040'), and descend over rocks, debris and grassy slopes 
 to the Alp Veglia (p. 307); or we may proceed via the Laub-Alp (<d2QU) 
 and the Furggenbaum Pass (Passo di Forchetta, 8800'), between the Furggen- 
 baumhorn and the "Wasenhorn. From Veglia we descend to Tvasquera and 
 (3 hrs.) Iselle. see p. 8(12. — From the Alp Veglia over the Passo Valtendra 
 or Col di Valdentro (7995') and the Passo Buscagna to At Ponti in the 
 Val Devero (p. 307). 6-7 hrs., with guide, a fine route, not difficult. — 
 From Veglia over the Aurona Glacier, the Kaltwasser Pass (9250') and the 
 Kalttcasser Glacier to the Simplon, 6-7 hrs., with guide, for adepts only. 
 
 The road crosses the Fronbach (5220') and the Durstbach , and 
 reaches the (21/4 M.) Fourth Refuge (5645'). To the right the top of 
 the pass is visible ; above it rise the Rauthorn with the Raut Glacier 
 and the finely shaped Fletschhorn with the Rossboden Glacier; 
 beautiful retrospective view of the Aletschhorn , Schienhorn, etc. 
 Beyond the (I74 M.) Schallbett Gallery, or Kapfloch , hewn in the 
 rock for 33 yds., is the (8/4 M.) Fifth, or Schallbett Refuge (6345'). 
 Between this point and the top of the pass is the most dangerous 
 part of the road during the period of avalanches and storms. Over 
 the (3/4 M.) Wasser Gallery (6460') is precipitated the stream which 
 issues from the Kaltwasser Glacier, forming a waterfall visible through 
 a side-opening. Two other galleries ; then the (1 M.) Sixth Refuge 
 (6540') , with a splendid final view of the Bernese Alps and of 
 Brig in the Rhone Valley far below. 
 
 A little farther on (5 min.) we reach the highest point of the 
 Simplon (6590'; 6^/4 M. from Berisal), 3/4 M. beyond which is the 
 Hospice (6570'), at the base of the Schonhorn (10,505'), a large 
 building with a lofty flight of steps , founded by Napoleon for the 
 reception of travellers, and subject to the same rules as that of the 
 Great St. Bernard (p. 290). It remained unfinished from want of 
 means till 1825, when the St. Bernard Hospice purchased the build- 
 ings. The diligence halts for a few minutes only. 
 
 ExcuEsioxs. Schonhorn (10,505': 3V2 hrs., with guide), laborious, but 
 interesting. — Monte Leone (11.660'; 6 hrs.; guide 12 fr.), up the Kalt- 
 wasser Glacier, difficult and unfit for novices (easier from Gondo by Alpien, 
 see p. 303). — From the hospice to Stalden by the Bistenen Pass (guide 
 12 fr.; mule-track), see p. 320: to Saas bv the SirvoUen sinA Simeli Passes, 
 see p. 301. 
 
 A broad open valley resembling a dried-up lake, bounded by
 
 to Domodossola, SIMPLON. V. Route 80. 301 
 
 snow-capped peaks, forms the highest part of the Pass. The hardy 
 rhododendron alone thrives here. The(3/^ M.) Old Ho spice (plOO'}, a 
 high square building with a tower, on the right, below the new road, 
 is now occupied by herdsmen. 3/4 M. Seventh Refuge by the Enge- 
 loch (5855'J. Farther down, we cross the {l^/^ M.) Krummbach 
 (5305'), pass the chalets of (1/2 M.) Eggen (^5250'; to the right is 
 the Rossboden Glacier with its huge moraine, see below), and cross 
 the (y4 M.) Sengbach (5115') to (V2 M.) — 
 
 2i M. Simplon (4855'), Ital. Sempione, Ger. Simpeln {*Poste, 
 R., L., & A. 31/2, l^- 31/2 fr. ; *H6t. Fietschhorn, at the lower end of 
 the village, clean, R., L., & A. 21/2, D- 4 fr.), among pastures, at 
 the N. E. base of the Fietschhorn (see below). 
 
 From Simplon to Saas several routes. The finest is across the 'Ross- 
 bodenpass (10-11 hrs.; difficiilt, only suitable for adepts; guide 20 fr., Jos. 
 Dorsaz of Simplon). At the ('20 miu.) chalets of Eggen (see above) we 
 diverge to the left from the Simplnn road and ascend on the left side of 
 the Sengbach to the (1 hr.) Rossboden Alp (6360'), with fine view of the 
 se'racs of the Rossboden Glacier. Farther on, we mount over grassy slopes 
 and debris of moraine to the Griesseren Glacier, beyond which we climb 
 a steep rocky wall to the (4 hrs.) pass (about 10,500), to the S. of the 
 Rauthorn (10,725'), commanding a splendid view (to the right below us is 
 the Gamsen Glacier). We descend across the Mattwald Glacier to the 
 Hofevs Alp (see below) and Saas ini Grund (p. 332). — Another grand, 
 but still more difficult pass, not without danger, is theLaquinjoch (11,473'), 
 between the Laquinhorn and the Weissmies (10 hrs.; guide 30 fr.). 
 
 To Saas over tue Sievolten and Simeli Passes (or the Gamser 
 JocH), 10-11 hrs., fairly interesting (guide 20 fr.). By the Seventh Refuge 
 (see above) we descend to the left, cross the Krummbach to the Klusmatten 
 Alp, and ascend by a narrow path towards a waterfall visible from below. 
 On the left side of it we mount a 'couloir', steep at first (leaving the Siv- 
 volten Lake to the left), to the (4 hrs.) Sirvolten Pass (S740'), to the ^^ 
 of the Sirvollenhorn (9344'); view limited. Descent over rock and debris 
 (keeping well to the left) to the head of the Gamser Thai, into which the 
 Gamsen Glacier^ descends. We ascend the glacier gradually to the S.W. 
 towards an arete coming down from the Magenhorn on the E., at the 
 foot of which the route divides: to the right to the Simeli Pass (9935'); to 
 the left to the Gamser Joch (about 9190'; each 2-272 hrs. from the Sirvolten 
 Pass). These passes, between which rises the pointed Magenhorn (10,243'), 
 command beautiful views of the majestic Mischabel group; immediately 
 to the left is the Fietschhorn with the 31attwald Glacier; to the E. are 
 the Monte Leone and the St. Gotthard group; and to the N. are the 
 Bernese Alps from the Furka to the Diablerets. A still grander point is 
 the "Mattwnldhorn (10.672'), easily ascended from the Simefi Pass in 1 hour. 
 Toilsome descent from the Gamser Joch over the moraine of the Mattwald 
 Glacier. Rounding the lower part of the valley to the left, we next come to 
 the Sattel (9025'), on the E. side of the Aeusser- Roth horn (10,354'), and to the 
 Hofers-Alp (6854'). The path now improves and leads by Bodmen to (S'/z hrs.) 
 iSaas im Grund (p. 332). Descent by the Alp Sevenen to Balen (p. 334) 
 much longer and not advisable. 
 
 The Fietschhorn {Rossbodenhorn ; 13,125'), 9-10 hrs. from Simplon (guide 
 25 fr.), fatiguing, but safe for proficients. A night is spent in the Hohsaat- 
 hiitte (about 80()b'), 3 hrs. from Simplon, above the Laquinthal (see be- 
 low). Thence up the S.E, arete to the top in 6-7 hrs. 
 
 Walkers may here take a rough short-cut, rejoining the road 
 near the Algaby Gallery. Beyond the (74 ^^O Lowenbach, the road 
 forms a wide bend and enters the Laquinthal, and at the (13/4 M.) 
 hamlet of Gsteiii or Algaby (4042'; Inn, primitive) it crosses the
 
 302 V. Route 80. GONDO. 
 
 Krummbacb, into which the Laquinbach falls. Below this the brook 
 is named the Doveria. Beyond the (1/4 M.) Gallery of Algaby begins 
 the *Ravine of Gondo, watered by the brawling Doveria, one of the 
 wildest and grandest gorges in the Alps, which becomes narrower and 
 deeper at every step, till its smooth walls of mica-slate quite over- 
 hang the road. The road passes the (1^/4 M.) Eighth Refuge, and 
 crosses the Doveria by (^/^M.) the Ponte Alto (3747'), and by another 
 bridge near the (1/2 M.) Ninth Refuge (3514'). A huge mass of rock, 
 which seems to terminate the road here, is pierced by the Gallery of 
 Gondo, a tunnel 245 yds. long, with the inscription, ^Aereltalol805 
 Nap. Imp.'' At the farther end of the gallery the Fressinone, or Alpien- 
 bach, forms a waterfall, which is crossed by a slender bridge. On both 
 sides the rocks tower to a dizzy height (about 2000'). The sombre 
 entrance to the tunnel contrasts strikingly with the white spray of 
 the cascade, whUe in the rear the beautiful Bodmcr Glacier is visible 
 beyond the ravine. Traces of the old toad are still visible opposite 
 the waterfall. Farther on are several smaller falls. The hamlet of 
 (21/2 M.) Gondo (2815'), Ger. Gunz or Ruden, is the last Swiss 
 village (custom-house). The tall square tower here (now an inn, 
 uninviting) was erected by the Stockalper family as a refuge for 
 travellers, long before the new road was made. There is a more at- 
 tractive looking 'Osteria' a few paces farther on. 
 
 To the S. opens tbe narrow Val Vaira. or Zwischhergtn-Thal, from 
 whicli we may without difficulty cross the Zwischbergen Pass (10.735'), 
 between the Weissmies (p. 333) and' the Povtjengrat {Pizzo d'Andolla, 12,010'), 
 to Saas im Grund (p. 332 •, 12 hrs. ; guide 20 fr.). — The ascent of Monte 
 Leone (11,660') from Gondo via. Alpien is less trying than from the Sim- 
 plon fp. 300). A night is spent in the highest chalets of the Schwarzen 
 Batmen, 4 hrs. from Gondo ; thence by the Alpien Glacier to the top, 4-5 hrs. 
 (guide 12 fr.). 
 
 A column of granite on the left, 1/2 ^- from Gondo, marks the 
 boundary of Italy (2610'). The first Italian village is (1/4 M.) S. 
 Marco. Below this the valley is called Val di Vedro. We next pass 
 through a new tunnel, and reach (1^/4 M.) — 
 
 30 M. Iselle (2155'; Posta, well spoken of, R., L., &A. 31/2, B. 
 l'/2 fr.), where luggage is examined. Below (IV2 ^0 Trasquera, 
 which lies on the hiU to the left, the road takes a wide bend to the 
 left and crosses the Cairasca. (To the Rhone Valley by the Alp 
 Veglia, see pp. 300, 307.) Near (1 M.) Varzo (1865'), a large 
 village on the left , above the road , the vegetation becomes more 
 luxuriant (chestnuts, figs, mulberries, maize, vineyards). Passing 
 through a picturesque ravine , we next reach (3^2 ^0 *^^ Gallery 
 of Crevola (1286') and (21/2 M.) the village of Crevola (1100'; 
 Osteria della Stella), where for the last time we cross the Doveria 
 by a bridge 100' high , near its confluence with the Tosa, which 
 here emerges from the Val Antigorio (p. 310). The fertUe valley, 
 now called Valle d'Ossola, Ger. Eschenthal, though frequently 
 ravaged by inundations, is strikingly picturesque and thoroughly 
 Italian in character. We next reach (21/4 M.) —
 
 DOMODOSSOLA. V. Route 80. 303 
 
 41 M". Domodossola (905' ; Hot. de la Ville et Poste, R., L., 
 & A. 4-472) I^- 4-5 fr. ; Hot. d'Espagne, well spoken of; Alb. 
 Nazionale, Peace, plain), a small town with 3300inliab., charmingly 
 situated on the Tosa, which becomes navigable here. The *Mount 
 Calvary, ^2 ^^- to t^6 S., commands a superb view. 
 
 To Locarno through the Val Vigezzo. see p. 433. Diligence to (iOVz M. ; 
 fare 3 fr.) S. Maria JIaggiore, daily, at 5 p. m. — On the W. opens the 
 Valle di Bognanco, with mineral sprini^s, from which several passes lead 
 to the Zwischbergen and Antrona Valleys (see p. 302 and below). 
 
 Railway to Gravellona (Pallanza, Stresa), Orta, Novara, see 
 R. 111. 
 
 irom the first station (3i/2 31.) Villudossola an interesting route leads 
 OVER THE Antkona Pass TO Saas, (12-13 hrs. guide unnecessary). A carriage- 
 road ascends the left, and afterwards the right bank of the Ovesca, via 
 Viganella and Schieranico, to (21/2 hrs.) Antronapiana (2955'; bed at the 
 syndic's). Footpath thence, past the charming little Antrona Lake (355u'), 
 formed by a landslip from the Fizzo Pozzolo (S3UU') in 1632, to the &■• hrs.) 
 Cingino Alps (6660') and along the slopes of the Pizza Cingino {iO,51(y), far 
 above the little Lago Cingino (7190'), to the (S'/^hrs.) Saas or Antrona Pass 
 (9320'), between the Jdzzihorn (Pizzo di Cingino, 1U,5TU') on the left and the 
 Latelhorn {Punia di Saas. 10,480'; easily ascended from the pass in IV2 hr.; 
 see p. 333). Descent on the right side of theFurggen Glacier to the FurggtJial, 
 Almagell, and (4 hrs.) Saas (p. 332). — To Mattmark from the Val Antrona 
 a direct, but rough route crosses the Antigine or Ofenthal Pass (93u0'). 
 From the ascent to the Cingino Alp (see above) we diverge to the left, and 
 proceed to the Loinbraoro Alp, whence a steep ascent via the Laugera di 
 Sopra Alp to the pass, between the Pizzo Cingino and the Fizzo d'Antigine 
 (10,465'; a fine point, l^/i hr. from the pass); we then descend through 
 the wild Ofenthal to the Mattmark Alp (S-9 hrs. from Antrona plana; p. 331). 
 
 At the third station (6^ 4 M.) Piedimulera (p. 412) the picturesque Val 
 d'Anzasca opens to the right (^to Magugnaca and over the Moro Pass to 
 Saas see p. 329). 
 
 81. From the Rhone Glacier to Brig. The Eggishorn. 
 
 Cvinp. Maps, pp. 110, 304 and 310. 
 
 31 M. Diligence to Brig twice daily (8 a.m. and 2.10 p.m.) in 5 hrs. 
 (10 fr. 80, coupe 13 fr. 30 c; to Fiesch in 23/4 hrs.; 7 fr. 5, coupe 8 fr. 
 60 c). In the reverse direction the journey takes 71/4 hrs. — One-horse 
 carr. from the Rhone Glacier to Fiesch 20, two-horse 30 fr. ; to Brig 30 
 or 50 fr. ; from Brig to Fiesch 12 or 25, to I'lrichen 20 or 40, the Rhone 
 Glacier 30 or 60, Andermatt 60 or 100, Fliielen 90 or 150 fr. (Return- 
 carriages from Hospenthal and Andermatt are often to be had for less 
 at Fiesch and Miinster). 
 
 From the Rhone Glacier over the Furka to Andermatt, see R. 33; 
 over the Grimsel to the Ilaslithal and to Meiringen, see R. 52. 
 
 The * Rhone Glacier, imbedded between the Gerstenhdmer 
 (10,450') and Gelmerhdrner (10,500') on the W., and the Galen- 
 stock {11, 80b'), Rhonestock {11, S2b'), and Dammastock (11,9'20'J 
 on the E., ascends in terraces for about 6 M., resembling a gigan- 
 tic frozen waterfall. At its base, '/m GletscJC (5750'), is the "^Uot. 
 du Glacier du Rhone (R., L., & A. 41/2, D- fr., S. 31/2 fr-l Eng- 
 Ch. Service in summer). A beautiful blue Ice Grotto, hewn in 
 the glacier, 25 min. from the hotel, is worth seeing (^o ^r.). 
 
 From the Rhone Glacier, which has decreased much of late years 
 (its movement being marked by rows of stones of different colours),
 
 304 V. Route 81. . ULRICHEN. Upper 
 
 issues tlie Rhone, tlie Rhodanus of the ancients, descending 'from 
 the gates of eternal night, at the foot of the pillar of the sun'. The 
 natives, however, give the name of Rotten, or Rhodan, to three par- 
 tially warm springs rising at the back of the hotel, near the Grimsel 
 path (p. 178), which they regard as the source of the river. 
 
 A short distance from the hotel the road crosses the infant 
 Rhone, which dashes through its rocky ravine far below , and de- 
 scends in long windings to (33/4 M.) Oberwald (4455'; Hotel Furca, 
 very plain), at the bottom of the valley of the Upper Valais, a broad 
 expanse of pasture, studded with houses and hamlets , enclosed by 
 monotonous chains of mountains, and watered by the Rhone, which 
 is seldom visible. In front rises the majestic Weisshorn, and 
 behind us the Galenstock. The valley consists of three regions, the 
 highest extending a little beyond Fiesch, the second to the bridge of 
 Grengiols, and the third lying below this bridge. The inhabitants 
 (Rom. Cath.) speak German; French begins near Sion (p. 296). 
 
 From the wild Gerenthal, a ravine opening to tlie E. of Oberwald, 
 a fatiguing pass crosses the Kiihboden Glacier and the Geren Pass (90520, 
 S. of the Kuhbodenhorn (10,0800, to the Alp Kuova and AlV Acqua in the Val 
 Bedretto (see below; 8hrs., guide 18 fr.). 
 
 At (21/4 M.) Obergestelen (4450') the direct route to the Grimsel 
 diverges to the right (p. 178). Opposite (I3/4 M.) TJlrichen, or Ur- 
 lichen (4380' ; *£f6f . zum Griesgletscher, plain) is the mouth of the 
 Egmen-Thal. (Over the Gries Pass to the Tosa Falls, see p. 308.) 
 
 To AiROLO ovEE THE Is^DFENEN Pass (8V2 hi'S.) , a rough, Uninteresting 
 bridle-path (guide necessary, 12, horse 25 fr.). Beginning of route, see 
 p. 308. At (2V4 hrs.) Altstaffel (p. 30S) the path leads to the left, ascends in 
 zigzags, and crosses the (I1/4 hr.) Nufenen Pass {Passo di Novena., 8005'), 
 between the Pizzo Gallina (10,0660 on the left and the Nufenenstock (9400') 
 on the right, to the Val Bedretto. Immediately to the N. of the pass 
 rises the Ticino, which the path follows, first on the right, and below the 
 Alp Ci-uina on the left bank, to the (13/4 hr.) Hospice all' Acqua (5265'; poor 
 inn; route over the S. Giacomo Pass to the Tosa Falls, see p. 309). The 
 lofty Val Bedretto is bleak and barren. Winter lasts nearly eight months, 
 and even in summer it sometimes freezes at night. The wooded slopes 
 are overtopped by bare pinnacles of rock. Avalanches are common in spring 
 and winter, and we frequently cross their track. The hamlet of (1 hr.) 
 Bedretto (4610'; Inn, rustic) was partly destroyed by an avalanche in 1863, 
 when 28 of the inhabitants perished. Then (20 min.) Villa (very poor inn ; 
 route over the Cavanna Pass to Realp, see p. 116). Near (20 min.) Ossasco 
 (4365'; Albergo delle Alpi, rustic, but dear) the road crosses the Ticino. 
 Beyond (25 min.) Fontana is the picturesque Val Ruvino to the right, with 
 waterfalls. Then (1 hr.) Airolo (p. 106). 
 
 The following villages are Geschenen (4395^ and (2V4 M.) — 
 
 10 M. Munster (4530'; Goldnes Kreuz; one-horse carr. to Brig 
 18 fr. and fee). Fine view from the chapel-hill. 
 
 The 'Loffelhom (10,140' ; 41/2 hrs., fatiguing; guide 6 fr.) is ascended from 
 Miinster, partlv over snow and granite-rocks. View like that from the 
 Eggishorn (see"below), with the addition of the Finsteraarhorn in the fore- 
 ground. — The ascent of the *Blindenhorn (11,095'; 6-7 hrs.; guide 12 fr.) 
 is very attractive. From Reckingen (p. 305) we follow a good path through 
 the BUndenthal to the end of the BUnden Glacier. Thence we afcend on 
 the left bank of the EohslelUbach and across the Sulz-Glacier, to the snow- 
 ridge (9840*) between the Merzenbachschien and the Blindenhorn, and reach 
 the summit by a steep ascent to the right. Magnificent view.
 
 Valais. EGGISHORN. V, Route 81. 305 
 
 The next villages, Reckinyen (with the finest church in the val- 
 ley , at the mouth of the BUndenthal , see p. 304), Gluringtn, 
 Ritzingen, Biel, Selkingen, and Blitzing en (* Fens. Seller, 4-5 fr.) 
 are almost contiguous. Beyond (5 M.) Niederwald (4050'), the Rhone 
 forces its passage to a lower region of the valley. The road leads on 
 the right bank, high above the river, and finally descends through 
 wood in numerous windings to (4^/2 M.) — 
 
 191/2 M. Fiesch (3460'; *H6t. du Glacier et Poste, R., L., & 
 A. 3, Dr4, pens. 6 fr. ; *Hot. des Alpes, lower down, R., L., & A. 3, 
 J). 3 fr.), prettily situated at the influx of the brawling Fieschbach 
 into the Rhone. 
 
 * Ascent of the Eggishoen, very interesting (5 hrs. ; guide 
 unnecessary; to the inn 3 hrs.; porter 5, horse 10 fr.). From the 
 bridge (or below the Hot. des Alpes) the bridle-path ascends to 
 the right, somewhat steeply, chiefly through wood, past (1 1/2 ^r.) 
 an auberge and several earth pyramids lying a little to the left, to 
 (40 min.) the Fiescher Alp (6210'); then over pastures (where we 
 may take the direct path following the telegraph-posts, ^/^hr. 
 shorter, but steep) to the (50 min.) *Hdt.-Pens. Jungfrau (7195'; 
 R. & A. 31/2, lunch 3, D. 5, pens. 8-9 fr.), a favourite resort of 
 English tourists, and suitable for some stay (rooms should be secured 
 in advance). The little English Church, 200 yds. from the inn, was 
 opened in 1884. From the inn to the top 2 hrs. more (guide 4 fr., 
 but not needed; horse 7 fr.). The bridle-path ascends in zigzags, 
 then turns to the right, and after 3/^ hr. to the left (the path to the 
 right leads to the Marjelen-See ; see below). After 8/4 hr. more the 
 bridle-path ends, and we ascend by a good footpath and lastly mount 
 steps of rock to the (V2 lir.) summit of the *Eggishorii (9625'), the 
 highest peak of the ridge which separates the Great Aletsch Glacier 
 from the Rhone Valley, with a superb view of the Bernese and the 
 Valaisian Alps. 
 
 ' *ViEw (compare the annexed Panorama "by Imfeld). Immediately below 
 us lies the dark-green Marjelen-See (see below), in which blocks of ice often 
 float; then the huge Aletsch Glacier (13 M. long), the largest among the Alps, 
 to the left the Mittel-Aletsch Glacier, and to the right the Fiesch Glacier. 
 Of the countless peaks the most prominent are : to the right, the Galenstock, 
 Oberaarhorn, Finsteraarhorn, and Gross-Wannehorn ; in front, the Eiger, 
 Monch, and Jungfrau •, to the left, the Dreieckhorn, Great Aletschhorn, 
 Sattelhorn, Nesthorn ; to the S. the Weisshorn, Matterhorn, Slischabel- 
 horner, Monte Rosa, Fletschhorner, Weissmies, Mte. Leone, Bortelhorn, 
 and Helsenhorn. We also overlook a great part of the Simplon Route 
 and of the :Sicolai-Thal (p. 321). 
 
 From the Hotel Jungfrau a good path leads to the N. at nearly the 
 same level, skirting the slope above the Fiesch Valley and afl"ording an ex- 
 cellent survey of the beautiful icefall of the Fiesch Glacier, and then 
 crosses the Thaelligrat to the left to the Mserjelen-See (7710'). On the left 
 bank of the Setback emerging from the lake is the (1 hr.) Mcerjelen-Alp. 
 [The Fiesch Glacier may be visited hence by a path descending to the 
 right to the Stock-Alp.] On the N. side of the Mserjelen-See, a path leads 
 in 25 min. to the margin of the Great Aletsch Glacier. Hence to the Con- 
 cordia Hut of the S. A. C. (9415) a beautiful glacier walk of 3 hrs. 
 (5 hrs. from the Jungfrau Hotel; guide 15 fr.). The hut is grandly 
 £a£i>£]££b, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 20
 
 306 V. Route 81. ElEDERALP. Upper 
 
 situated at the foot of the Trugberg. From the hut to the (3 hrs.) Jting- 
 fraujoch fp. 166) , with splendid view , not difficult for experts (2 guides, 
 20 fr. each). Ascent of the Jungfrau^ see p. 162; Finsteraarhorn. p. 177. — 
 The Great Aletschhom (13,775'-, guide 40 fr.), the second- highest of the 
 Bernese peaks , is ascended either from the Concordia Hut (in 7 hrs.) or 
 from the Oberaletsch Hut (p. 298; in 8 hrs.); difficult, but without danger 
 for experts. 
 
 From the Eggishorn Hotel to Grindelwald over the Monchjoch, 15-16 hrs., 
 see p. 166; to the Grimsel Hospice over the Oberaarjoch or Studerjoch, 14 hrs., 
 see p. 178. From the Concordia Hut to the Grimsel Hospice, via the 
 GrUnhornliicke (p. 178), GamslUcke (p. 178), and Oberaarjoch (p. 178), a fine 
 glacier-tour of 10-12 hrs., not difficult for adepts with good guides. — 
 From Lauterbrunnen to the EggUhorn by the Lauinenthor.^ Roththal-Sattel^ 
 and Ebnefluh-Joch, see p. 160. 
 
 Fkom the Eggishoen Hotel via the Lotschenldcke to Ried 18-14 hrs., 
 a grand glacier-route (guide 30 fr.). We ascend the Great Aletsch Glacier and 
 the Great Alefschfirn to the Lotschenliicke (10,515'), a depression of the Anen- 
 grat, to the N. of the Sattelhorn (12,295'), and descend the crevassed Lotschen 
 Glacier to the Fafler Alp (Chalet Seller, p. 160) and Ried in the Lotschen- 
 thal (p. 186). 
 
 Fbom the Eggishoen Hotel to the Eiedeealp and Belalp (guide 8, 
 horse 20 fr. ; but riding not possible on the glacier), 51/2 hrs., a beautiful 
 walk. The bridle-path from the hotel, past the little English Church, running 
 nearly at the same level, high above the Rhone Valley, leads over the Beit- 
 mer-Alp, with its little lake (6530' ; abounding in fish), and the Goppisberg- 
 alp to the (21/2 hrs.) Riederalp (6315'; '■Hdt.-Pens. Riederalp, same proprietor 
 as the Eggishorn Hotel, R., L., & A. 3,D. 41 2, pens. 71/2 fr.). The beautiful situa- 
 tion and mild climate of this alp adapt it for a stay of some time. Here we 
 ascend to the right to the (25 min.) Rieder Fvrka (6820'; *Pens. Rieder 
 Furka), whence we may scale the Riederhom C?>'i2>' \ 1/2 hr.), a very fine 
 point of view. The Bettmerhorn (9400' ; 21/2-8 hrs. from the Rieder Furka) 
 is not difficult ; experts mav go on by the arete towards the Egishorn and 
 descend by the EUliicke (8950') to the Hotel Jungfrau (a grand but rough 
 route; guide desirable). Descent, with splendid views of the Upper Aletsch 
 or Jdgi Glacier^ lying between the Sparrhorn and the Fusshorner and over- 
 shado wed by the Schienhorn, to the (1/2 hr.) Great Aletsch Glacier (5485'), 
 which is safely crossed here in 1/2 hr. (with guide) to Aletschbord \ then a 
 steep ascent, past the chalets of Unter-Aletsch^ to the (IV4 hr.) Hotel Belalp 
 (p. 298). — Feom the Riedeealp to Morel (2-2V2 hrs., guide, 5 fr., un- 
 necessary), a bridle-path, at first across pastures, then through wood, 
 making a long sweep to the right (steep paths to the left to be avoided), 
 with splendid views of the Rhone Valley, the Simplon Mts. , etc., des- 
 cends to Ried (3890'J, a finely situated village, and Morel (p. 307; from 
 Morel to the Riederalp S-S'/g hrs.; path shady in the afternoon; porter 5, 
 horse 10 fr.). 
 
 Feom Fiesch ovee the Albeun Pass to Baceno ok to the Tosa Falls, 
 12-13 hrs. (guide from Im Feld desirable ; to Baceno 12 fr.). A good bridle-path 
 leads by Aernen and the Binnegg, with fine view of the Binnenthal and Valais, 
 to (I3/4 hr.) Ausserhinn and (I1/2 hr.) Schmidhduser or Binn (4720' ; ''Hot. 
 Ofenhorn, finely situated), a village, with an interesting church, in the 
 Binnenthal, a valley interesting to mineralogists. (Guides, Jos. Welschen 
 and J. J. Gorsat, of Binn ; Ad. and Elias Walpen of Im Feld.) The "Bettli- 
 horn (9720'; 5 hrs.; guide 8 fr.) is ascended from Binn without difficulty; 
 admirable view (comp. p. 300). Another easv ascent is that of the "Mittag- 
 horn or Rappenhorn (10,360'; 51/2 hrs., with guide), via Feldbach and the 
 Holzlihorn (9775')- Fine view of the Rhone Glacier, Finsteraarhorn, etc. 
 — Ofenhorn (Punta d'Arbola, 10,635'), by the Albrun Pass (6 hrs.; guide 
 10 fr.), for adepts only ; the last part not easy ; superb view. Experts (with 
 guides and rope) mav proceed to the E. over the Hohsand Glacier to the 
 Tosa Falls (p. 309). —We now follow the left bank of the Binna, by Giessen, 
 to (3/4 hr.) Im Feld (5145'), where the path, now indiflferent, crosses to 
 the right bank (guide advisable). We enter (V4 hr.) a pine-wood,. pass a
 
 Galenstock 
 
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 ^i- - -^'n t^^- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 MftemSfif^^l 
 
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 Fuii'lcraarliaraj"
 
 Valais. BINNENTHAL. V. Route 81. 307 
 
 number of chalets, and reach (I'A hr.) the last huts Auf dem Piatt (6925' •, 
 chalybeate spring). We now ascend steeply to the (1 hr.) Albrun Pass 
 (Bocchetta d Arbola^ 7910'), between the 0/enhom (see above) on the left 
 and the Albrunhorn (9450') on the right. We descend to the (1 hr.) Beuli 
 Alpt past the (1 hr.) Logo di Codelago (8055'), and throvigh the Vctl Devero-, 
 by Crampiolo to (1 hr.) At Ponti {bdi^Ql \ poor Inn) and (2V2 hrs.l Baceno 
 (p. 309). From Ai Ponti over the Buscagna Pass and the Valtendra 
 Pass to the Alp Veglia, see p. 300. — To the Tosa Falls. From the Albrun 
 Pass we descend to the left to the Forno Alp; then over the Scatta-Minojo 
 (8520') by a bad path to the Logo di Lebendun {Lago Vannino, 7065'), 
 whence we descend on the left bank of the brook to Zum Steg in the Val 
 Formazza and re-ascend to Attf der Fruit (10 hrs. from Binn). In fine 
 weather the route over the Hoh&and Glacier is preferable (see p. 306). 
 
 From Fiesch to Baceno ovek the Geisspfad Pass, 13-14 hrs., a fine 
 route (guide from Im Feld 12 fr.). At (4 hrs.) Im Feld (see above) we di- 
 verge to the right to the Messernalp (6175') and ascend past the Oeisspfad 
 Lake (7975') to the (4 hrs.) Geisspfad Pass {Bocca Rossa., S365'); then de- 
 scend, steeply at first, to (2V2-3 hrs.) Ai Ponti (see above). 
 
 From Fiesch to Baceno over the Kriegalp-Pass, 12V2-13V2hrs., toil- 
 some, and of little interest (guide from Binn 12 fr.). From Binn we ascend 
 to the S. through the Ldngthal to (1 hr.) Jleiligkreuz (4862') and then to 
 the left through the Kviegalp-Thal to the (3'/2hrs.) Kriegalp-Pass (Pa.sso Cor- 
 nera, 8420'), between the (1.) Guschihorn (Pizzo Cornera, 10115') and the (r.) 
 Belsenhorn (10,745'; ascent from here difficult, see below). Descent to 
 the Val Buscagna andover the i)erero J /p to (2 hrs.) Ai Ponti (see above). 
 
 From Fiesch to Iselle over the Hitter Pass, 13-14 hrs., trying, but 
 very interesting (guide from Binn 12 fr). From Binn (p. 306) we ascend 
 the Ldng-Thal to the S. to the (5 hrs.) Ritter Pass {Passo Boccareccio, 
 8832'), between the (r.) Uiillehorn (Punta Mottiscia, 10,450') and the (1.) 
 Helsenhorn (10,743'; easily ascended, with guide, in IV2 hr. from the pass ; 
 magnificent panorama). Descent to the (IV2 hr.) beautifully situated Alj) 
 Veglia (5800' ; Alb. del Monte Leone, unpretending) in the Val Cairasca, 
 and by Trasquera to (3 hrs.) Iselle (p. 302). 
 
 Beyond Fiesch the road descends the fertile valley, passing 
 Aernen on the hill opposite (p. 306), to (IV2 M.) Lax (3425'; 
 Kreuz), with a new church, whence the Eggishorn Inn may be 
 reached in 4 hrs. It then winds down, commanding a fine view the 
 ■whole way, with the Weisshorn in the background , to the bridge 
 of Grengiols (2905' ; Inn), by which we cross the deep bed of the 
 Rhone. (Good path hence by Grengiols in 5 hrs. to Binn, p. 306.) 
 We descend a rocky ravine, and again cross the river by the Kasten- 
 haum Bridge to (5 M.) Morel (2525'; Hot. Eggishorn, R. & B.2V2fr.; 
 Hot. des Alpes, moderate). — To the Riederalp, 3 hrs., see p. 306. 
 
 The valley widens a little. The river here dashes wildly over 
 sharp slate rocks. On a bold rock below Morel, which the road has 
 difficulty in passing, rises the picturesque (1^2 ^^O Hochfluh- 
 kirche (Inn, below, on the Matt). We next cross the Massa, which 
 drains the Great Aletsch Glacier, reach (3 M.) Naters (2235'), a 
 large village amidst fruit-trees, commanded by the ruined castles 
 of Weingarten and Supersax (Auf der Fluh). and cross the Rhone 
 to (1 M.) — 
 
 31 M. Brig, see p. 298. 
 
 20"
 
 308 
 
 82. From Ulrichen to Domodossola. 
 Gries Pass. Falls of the Tosa. Val Formazza. 
 
 Comjp. Maps, pp. 110, 296. 
 15-16 hrs. Two days, spending the night at the Tosa Falls. Bridle-path 
 from Ulrichen to the Tosa Falls (6'/2hrs.)i thence to Foppiano a rough cart- 
 track (3 hrs.)- Guide (to Frutwald 12, porter 10, horse 20 fr.) unnecessary 
 in fine weather ; otherwise advisable as far as the other side of the glacier 
 (6 fr.). — Koad from Foppiano to Domodossola, 21 M. 5 diligence from 
 Crodo to Domodossola daily. One-horse carriage from Foppiano to 
 Domo 20. from Premia 15 fr. (not always to he had). Porter from the Falls 
 to Domodossola 6-8 fr. ; horse (for which a carriage and harness may gen- 
 erally be had at Foppiano) 30 fr. — Domodossola should be reached 
 overnight, as the diligence to Brig starts at an early hour. 
 
 At Z7?ric/ien (4380'; p. 304) a bridge crosses the Rhone to (lOmin.) 
 Zum Loch, a group of deserted huts at the entrance to the Eginen- 
 Thal. The path crosses the Eginenhach above a fine waterfall, and 
 leads through larch-wood and a rock-strewn valley to (IV4 l^r.) 
 the Alp Hohsand (5720'). It then ascends a steeper part of the val- 
 ley, overgrown with alders and rhododendrons, where the brook 
 forms several falls on the left. In front of us rises the Nufenen- 
 stock (9387'). In 1/2 li^- ^^ cross the brook by the Ladtsteg (6340'), 
 beyond which are the dirty chalets of Im Ladt. To the right, above 
 ns, is the Gries Glacier (see below). Following the right bank of 
 the brook, we then traverse the highest reach of the valley and 
 ascend to (20 min.) Altstaffel (6585'), the last chalet, where the 
 path to the Nufenen Pass diverges to the left (p. 304). A steep 
 ascent of 1* '4 hr. more brings us to the level Gries Glacier, which 
 we cross in 20 min. , towards the S.W., passing a small glacier- 
 lake on the left and a smaller one on the right, to the Gries Pass 
 (8025') , 4 hrs. from Ulrichen , the boundary between Switzer- 
 land and Italy, surrounded by barren peaks, and in clear weather 
 commanding a fine view of the Bernese Alps. (A path, little fre- 
 quented, leads hence to the N.E. through the Val Coma to AlV 
 Acqua in the Yal Bedretto, p. 304.) 
 
 The S. side of the pass, as is usually the case among the Alps, 
 is steeper than the N. side. The narrow path at first keeps to 
 the left. The Griesbach rises here, and unites at Kehrbachi (see be- 
 low) with the Tosa or Toce, descending from the Val Toggia. The 
 upper part of the Formazza valley consists of three distinct reaches, 
 each with its chalets : Bettelmatt (6900' ; two chalets, generally 
 empty) in the highest (the slope below which is called Wallis- 
 bachleri), Morast (or Marasco, 5840') in the second, a-nd. Kehrbachi 
 (or Riale, 5640') and Auf der Frut (Sopra la Frua) in the third, 
 with a small chapel and the unpretending *fi6i. de la Cascade 
 (5490': R,, L., & A. 3, B. 11/2 fr.). This inn (21/2 hrs. from the Gries 
 Pass) stands on the brink of a precipice over which the Tosa falls 
 in three cascades, widening as it descends. The **T08a Falls, or 
 Cascata della Frua, 470' high and 85' broad, are perhaps the 
 grandest among the Alps, especially when the river is high. (We
 
 TOSA FALLS. V. Route 82. 309 
 
 Y4 hr., to a mass of rock 
 by the wayside, which affords the best survey. A still finer point 
 is beyond the bridge.) Immediately above the falls a bridge crosses 
 the Tosa. 
 
 The Monte Basodine (10,748') may be ascended by good climbers with- 
 out difficulty from the inn in 4-5 hrs. (the landlord, Ant. Zertanna, acts 
 as guide). Spendid view. Descent, if preferred, to the Val Bavona, p. 434. 
 
 From the Tosa Falls to Airolo, 8 hrs. (guide desirable to All 
 Acqua, and necessary in the reverse direction). The bridle-path diverge' 
 by the chapel above the falls to the right from the path to the Gries 
 Pass, and after 20 min. crosses the brook descending from the Basodines 
 It then ascends to the right by the wall (leaving Kehrbachi below to the left), 
 and mounts in steep zigzags to the (3/4 br.) upper reach of the sequestered 
 Val Toggia; 1/2 hr., a bridge; 20 min., chalets Im Moos. (To the right 
 the Bocchetta di Val Maggia, see below.) The small Fisch-See, well stocked 
 with trout, lies on the right. By the Alp Eonigin., 1/2 br. farther, 
 we recross the brook. In the highest part of the valley we pass another 
 small lake on the right, and reach (1/2 hr.) the S. Giacomo Pass (7570'), 
 the boundary between Italy and Switzerland (Canton Ticino). Below the 
 pass on the N.E. side, stands the (20 min.) chapel of S. Giacomo (7370'), 
 where the inhabitants of the neighbouring vallej'S assemble annually for 
 worship on 25th July. In descending, we enjoy a beautiful view of the 
 southern St. Gotthard Mts., the Kiihbodenhorn, Pizzo Rotondo, Pesciora, 
 Lucendro, etc., and also, for a short time, of the Finsteraarhorn and 
 Fiescherhorner. Farther on (keeping to the left at the first chalet) we 
 descend through a growth of rhododendrons and larch-wood into the 
 valley, where we cross two brooks, and then the Ticino, and reach the 
 (IV2 hr.) Hospice aW Acqua (p. 304). Thence to Airolo., see p. 304. 
 
 From the Tosa Falls to Bignasco, 9 hrs., with guide, a fine route. 
 By the Fisch-See (see above) we diverge to the right from the S. Giacomo 
 path and ascend over debris and rock to the Bocchetta di Val Maggia 
 (8710'), between the (r.) Kastelhorn and the (1.) Marchhorn; then descend 
 'through the ValFiorina (with the snowy basodine on the right, see above) to 
 the Alp Eobiei, and through the picturesque Val Bavona to Bignasco (p. 433). 
 
 Below the Tosa Falls begins the Val Formazza, oxPommat Valley, 
 containing the villages of (7-2 hr.) Fruthwald {Canza , 4755'), 
 (10 min.) Gurf [Grovella, 4475'), (V4 lix-) Zum Steg (^Al Ponte, 
 4200') , with the town-hall and archives of the valley , (I/4 hr.) 
 Pommat (San Michele, 4210'), and (1/2 lir.) Andermatten (Alia 
 Chiesa, 4050'), with the church of the valley. Below (1/4 hr.) Staffel- 
 wald (Fracchie) the path enters a grand *Deflle, in which it crosses 
 the Tosa twice. At (3/4 hr.) Unterwald (Foppiano; 3075'; new 
 Inn), the last village where German is spoken , the carriage-road 
 begins (vehicles not always to be had; see p. 308). 
 
 From the Val Formazza over the Albrun Pass to Fiesch in the Valais, 
 see p. 307. — To the Val Maggia (p. 433), toilsome, and deficient in at- 
 traction (from Andermatten to Cevio 8 hrs., not without guide): from 
 Staff elwald a steep ascent of 3 hrs. over the Staff elalp to the driner Furka 
 (7925', fine view); descent of IV2 hr. to Bosco and (3>,2hrs.) Cevio (p. 433). 
 
 The Carriage Road follows the right bank to (1 M.) Rivasco 
 (2790'; Inn) and (1 M.) Passo (2630'). The valley of the Tosa, 
 called *Val Antigorio below this point, is one of the most beautiful 
 on the S. side of the Alps, and enlivened with waterfalls, li/o M. 
 -Sf. Rocco (Alb. del Sole, good Asti wine); 33/4 M. Premia (2620'; 
 Agnello). At (IV2 M.) Baceno (2245'; *Alb. Devero, moderate;
 
 310 V. Route 83. VEX. The S.lValleys 
 
 Agnello, well spoken of), at tlie mouth of the Val Devero, a bold 
 bridge spans the deep gorge of the Devero. (From Baceno to Fiesch 
 over the Albrun Pass or the Kriegalp Pass , see p. 307.) To the 
 W. rises Monte Cistella (9450'). 
 
 The Italian custom-house is at (3 M.) Crodo (1650'; Inn), 
 below which is (1 M.) a rustic bath-house. Then by Rencio and 
 the finely situated Ojra ('il Giardino dell' Ossola') to (6 M.) Cre- 
 vola on the Simplon route, and (3^2 M.) — 
 
 21 M. Domodossola, see p. 303. 
 
 83. The S. Valleys of the Valais between Sion and 
 
 Turtmann. 
 
 (Val d'Herens, Val d'Anniviers, Turtmann Valley). 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 296, 288 and 320. 
 Good walkers on their way from the Lake of Geneva to Zermatt (R. 84) 
 may avoid the Rhone Valley and reach their destination by an interesting 
 mountain-route in 4-5 days. 1st day. By rail to Sion, and walk through 
 the Val d'Herens to Evolena, 16 M. — 2nd day. Over the Col de Torrent 
 to St. Luc in the Val d'Anniviers, 8-9 hrs. — 3rd day. Ascend the Bella 
 Tola, and cross the Pas du Boeuf or the Meiden Pass to Gruben in the 
 Turtmann Valley, 8V2 hrs. — 4th day. Over the Augstbord Pass to St. 
 Niklaus in the Visp Valley, 7 hrs. (or, including the Schwarzhorn, 8V2hrs.), 
 and thence to Zermatt by rail. 
 
 i. From Sion through the Val d'Herens to Evolena, and over 
 the Col de Torrent to the Val d'Anniviers. 
 
 To Evolena (15^2 M.), a post-vehicle with 2-3 seats runs daily at 6 a.m. 
 in 53/4 hrs. (6 fr. 40 c. ; surplus passengers are sent on in open one-horse 
 carriages), returning at 1.40 in 3'/4 hours. One-horse carr. from Sion to 
 Evolena, 20-25 fr. (carriages from the hotel at Evolena are usually waiting 
 at the station). — From Evolena over the Col de Torrent to Vissoye a 
 bridle-path in 8-9 hrs. (guide 12 fr., unnecessary for experts). Horse to 
 Vissoye 24, to St. Luc 26 fr. 
 
 Sion, p. 296. The road to Evolena leads from the Rhone bridge 
 (1625') straight to the (Y2 M.) foot of the mountain , which it as- 
 cends in long windings. (Short-cut by the old bridle-path.) Bra- 
 mois or Brdmis lies to the left below, and St. Leonard (p. 296) at the 
 mouth of the gorges descending from the Rawyl. Near the old cemetery 
 chapel of (41/2 M.) Vex (3140'; rustic Inn) we obtain a view of the 
 head of the valley, first of the Dents de Veisivi and the Pic d'Ar- 
 zinol, and then of the great Ferpecle Glacier, commanded by the 
 round summit of the Tete Blanche, to the left of which are the 
 Dent Blanche and the Dent d'Herens. The cultivation of maize, 
 vines, chestnuts, and walnuts extends as far as Vex. 
 
 A bridle-path ascends from Vex to the right, by Presse and Les Agettes 
 to the (1 hr.) Mayans de Sion or Mai/enberg (426T; Pens, des Mat/ens, 6 fr.), 
 a summer resort of the Sionese, in a beautiful and healthy situation, 
 commanding a magnificent view of the entire chain of the Bernese Alps. 
 Hence to Here'mence, 3/* ^^• 
 
 The road, nearly level, skirts the "W. slope, high above the 
 Borgne. The valley divides, 272 ^1- farther up. The W. branch is
 
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 oftheValais. EVOLENA. V. Route 83, 311 
 
 the Val d'Heremence (see below), and the E. the Val d'Herens 
 (Eringer Thai). The road passes the large village of Heremence on 
 the hill to the right, and near Sauterot (3050') crosses the Dixenze, 
 •which descends from the Yal d'He'remence. It then penetrates the 
 remains of the terminal moraine of that valley hy means of two 
 tunnels. Near the second, where the road re-enters the Val d'He- 
 rens, are a number of ^Pyramids of earth, each covered with a stone, 
 which belong to the old moraine and are not unlike 'glacier-tables'. 
 Val d'Heremence (the upper part Valine des Dix). A cart-track leads 
 from Vex (p. 310) to (1 hr.) lUrimence (4055'; accom. at the curb's)-, thence 
 a bridle-path by the hamlets of Ayer, Prolin, Cerise, and J/ars to the 
 (3 hrs.) Mai/ens de Prazlong (5275'), at the W. base of the Pic d''Arzinol 
 (see below; over the Col de la Meina to Evolena, 4 hrs.). Farther on, 
 we pass the Mirihi Alp (1.) and ascend a ravine to the upper part of the 
 valley, called La Banna, with the Alp of that name on the right (8095'; 
 thence over the Col du Crit to Fionney, see p. 203). Passing the chalets 
 of Lautavet, we next reach (3 hrs.) the Seilon Alp (7455'), opposite which, 
 on the left bank of the Dixenze, is the Idappey Alp (7630'; good quarters). 
 From Liappey over the Col de RledmaUen or the Pas de Chivres to Arolla 
 (Evolena), see p. 813; Cols de Vasevay, de Seilon, du Mont Rouge, and de 
 Breney to the Val de Bagnes, see p. 294. The -Pigno d'Arolla (12,470') 
 is best ascended from this point over the Glacier de Durand and the Col 
 de Breney (comp. p. 312). 
 
 We next reach (^1/4 M.) Euseigne (wine at the post-station), 
 prettily situated. High above, on the opposite bank, is the church ot 
 St. Martin. Beyond (21/4M.) the hamlet of La Luette (3345') the road 
 crosses the Borgne by a bold bridge. (Near the Chalets de Praz-Jean, 
 higher up, is the old bridge of the bridle-path.) "We ascend on 
 the right bank below the small chapel of La Garde, to (6 M.) — 
 
 Evolena (4520'; *Hdt. de la Dent Blanche, R., L., & A. 31/2, 
 B. 11/2, lunch 3, D. 4, pens. 7-8 fr.; Gr.-Hot. d'Evolene, new, con- 
 nected with the Arolla Hotel ; Engl. Ch. Service in summer) , the 
 capital of the valley, lying picturesquely in a broad green dale 
 flanked with pine-clad rocks. On the E. rises the Sasseneire, on 
 the W. the Mont de VEloile and Pic d'Arzinol. Looking up the 
 valley we see the Dents de Veisivi. On the left, high above, are the 
 snow- fields of the Ferpecle Glacier and the huge Dent Blanche ; to 
 the N., beyond the Rhone valley, the large Zanfleuron Glacier. 
 
 Excursions. (Guides : Jean and Pierre Maitre, Pierre and Jean Bey- 
 trison, M. MHrailler , if. Gaspoz , J. Vuigner , M. Pralong , M. Chevrier , 
 and Ant. Bovier.) — Arolla and -FerpMe, see pp. 312, 3i3. — On the E. 
 side of the valley: to the S., to Villa, La Sage, and Forclaz (p. 313), all with 
 fine views (Vi-l'A hr.), to the N. to (I1/4 hr.) Volovron (5790'), — "Sasse- 
 neire (10,690'; guide 6 fr.), by the Col de Torrent, 5 hrs., see p. 316. The 
 view from the Couronne de Brionna (10,380'; guide 7 fr.), farther to the S., 
 is similar. — Bees de Bosson (10,368'; guide 7 fr.), 6 hrs., see p. 815. 
 
 W. side : The Alpe de Niva (6625'), 2 hrs., aftords an admirable survey 
 of Ferpecle and Arolla. — The Pic d'Arzinol (9845' ; guide fr.), ascended 
 by the Col de la Meina (bridle-path thus far) in 4V.2 hrs., is very interesting 
 and not difficult. Below Evolena we cross the Borgne and ascend to the 
 left (avoiding Ihe path to the right to Lanna, 1/2 hr.), through wood, and 
 past the 'Glaciere Naturelle', a cleft in the rock filled with ice. We cross 
 (lV2hr.) the Merdesson, the discharge of the Glacier de Vouasson, ascend 
 pastures to the (2 hrs.) Col de la Meina or Col de Miribi (8878'; thence to 
 Prazlong in the Val d''Hirimence , 5 hrs. from Evolena, see above), and
 
 Zi^ v. Route 83, AROLLA. The S. Valleys 
 
 mount a rocky arete to the right to the top (1 hr.). Magnificent panorama, 
 especially towards the S. (Mont Blanc , Aiguille Verte , Grand Combin, 
 Mont Velan, Matterhorn, Weisshorn), and of the Bernese Alps to the N. 
 Descent 2V2 hrs. — Mo7it de I'Etoile (11,065'; guide 6 fr.), hy the Alps Niva 
 and Greta in 6 hrs., repaying, but for adepts only; so also the Pointe de 
 Voiiasson (11,470'; guide 10 fr.), 6-7 hrs., whence we may descend the 
 Glacier des Aiguilles Rouges to the Alp Lucel (see below) and Arolla. 
 
 The Yal d'Herens divides at Hauderes (4747'), 1 hr. S. of Evo- 
 lena. To the W. is the Combe d' Arolla; the E. branch, terminated 
 by the Glacier de Ferpecle, retains the name of the main valley. 
 
 (a.) *Combe d' Arolla. The bridle-path (from Evolena to Arolla 
 37.2 ^11^3- ; horse or mule 8. there and back 10 fr.) crosses the Ferpecle 
 at Hauderes, turns to the right, and crosses the Borgne to Pralovin. 
 It then ascends the W. slope of the valley, overlooking the wild 
 ravine, and through wood to the [1 hr.) Chapel of St. Barthelemi 
 (5960'), by a huge rock. We next ascend gradually, following 
 the telegraph poles, past the (lOmin.) chalets of Gouille, Satarma, 
 Praz Mousse , and La Mon/az , to the (li/2^i"0 Mayans d' Arolla 
 (6570'; Hot. du Mont Collon, pens. 7-8 fr. ; Eng. Ch. Service 
 in summer), amid stone-pines ('Arolla' or 'Alpine cedar') , splen- 
 didly situated opposite the grand pyramid of Mont Collon (11,857'), 
 at the base of which the Glaciers d' Arolla (r.) and de Vuihez (1.) 
 unite. To the right rise the rocks of the Serra de Vuibez (10,150') 
 and the snow-clad Pigno d' Arolla (12,470'), and close to the inn 
 is the old moraine of the Glacier de Zigiorenove. 
 
 Excursions (guides, see p. 311 ; also Jos. Quinodoz of Arolla), To the 
 Lac Bleu de Lucel, a pleasant walk, IV2 hr. (or from Evolena 3 hrs.; without 
 guide). At Satarma, 2V2 M. from Arolla (see above), a steep path ascends 
 to the left (X.W.) to the chalets of Lucel (6820'), a little beyond which 
 is the clear pale-blue lake, fed by a brook falling from the rocks. Beautiful 
 view of Mt. Collon; to the W. tower the Aiguilles Rouges (ii.Qlb'); to the 
 left is the Cascade des Ignes, descending from the Glacier des Ignes. 
 
 The Mont Collon (11,857'; guide 50 fr.), best ascended from the "W, 
 side (Col de Chermontane), is only fit for adepts with steady heads ; so also 
 the Eveque (12,265'; guide 50 fr.), rising to the S. of Mt. Collon. — The 
 'Pigno d' Arolla (12,470' ; guide 25 fr.) is ascended by the Glacier de Piece 
 in 6-7 hrs.; very grand and not difficult; comp. pp, 293, 311. — The Petite 
 Dent (10,465': giiide 15 fr.), one of the Dents de Veisivi, is ascended with- 
 out difficulty via the Alp Zarmine. The Grande Dent (11,240'; 20 fr,) is 
 more difficult. Between the Petite and Grande Dent the Col de Zarmine 
 (10,045'), not easv, leads from Arolla to Ferpecle. — The Aiguille de la 
 Za (12,050'; 30 fr.), the Dent Perroc (12.073': 35 fr.), and the Dent des 
 Bouquetins (12,625'; 40 fr.) involve difficult climbing. 
 
 Passes. To Valpellisa ovee the Col de Collon. a grand route and not 
 difficult (7-8 hrs. from Arolla to Pra-Raye, two guides, 30 fr. each). We ascend 
 the Glacier d' Arolla, skirting theE. base of the almost perpendicular rocks of 
 Mt. Collon, remarkable for their echoes, to the snow-basin of Za-de-Zan and. 
 the (4 hrs.) summit of the Col de CoUon (10,270'), to the S.E, of the Eveque 
 (see above). View grand, but not extensive. Descent over the Glacier de 
 Collon to the profound Combe d''Oren and (3 hrs.) Pra-Rayi (6540' ; small Inn, 
 6 beds), and in 3 hrs. more (bridle-patb) to Bionaz (5248'). and thenca via 
 (1 hr.) Oyace (4490') to (IV2 hr.) Valpelline (p, 295). (Passes from the Yal- 
 pellina to the Val St. Barthelemy, see p. 285.) Those who cross in the re- 
 verse direction should bring their guides with them; good guides not easily 
 found at Aosta, but a peasant who knows the pass may be found at Bionaz 
 (Bapt. Baraillon, among others). From Pra-Raye to the Col 3V2-4, descent
 
 ofiheValais. AROLLA. V. Route 83. Zl^ 
 
 to Arolla 2V2-3 hrs. — From the basin of Za-de-Zan (see above) we may 
 ascend to the left to the Col de Za-de-Zan (11.660'), between Mont BruU 
 (11,880') and the Col du Mont Brule (see below) ; descent, steep and difficult, 
 to the Glacier de Za-de-Zan (p. 285) and Pra-Rayi. 
 
 To THE Val d'Hkremence from Arolla there are two passes close to- 
 gether: the Col de Riedmatten (9567'; 4 hrs. to Liappey), and to the S. of 
 it the Pas de Chevres (9355' ; 31/* hrs. from Arolla; rather more difficult). 
 From the latter we descend steep rocks and over the Glacier de Durand or 
 Seilon (beware of numerous concealed crevasses) to the (4'/2 hrs.) chalets 
 of Seilon (7455'), opposite Liappey (p. 3il). (The Riedmatten route descends 
 the rocks and grass-slopes on the right side of the glacier.) Then down 
 the ValUe des Dix to (4V2 hrs.) Hir^mence , see p. 311. — Or, from the 
 Durand or Seilon Glacier (see below) we may ascend to the Col de Seilon 
 (10,665'; 41/2-5 hrs. from Arolla; p. 294) and thence either descend the 
 Glacier de Giitroz to (2i/2 hrs.) Mauvoisin (p. 294), or cross the Col du Mont 
 Rouge (10,960') and descend the Glacier de Lyrerose to (3V2 hrs.) Chanrion 
 (p. 294; guide 25 fr.). 
 
 To THE Val de Bagnes over the Col de Chermontane, 11 hrs., a 
 long and fatiguing glacier-route (guide 25 fr.). We ascend over the moraine, 
 the lower end of the Glacier de Zigiorenove, and the Glacier de Piece or 
 Torgnon to a snowy saddle (10,235') on the W. side of the Serra de Vuibez, 
 and thence by the Glacier de Vuibez to the Col de Chermontane (10,120'), 
 between the Petit Ml. Gallon (11,630') and the Pigno d Arolla (p. 312). 
 Striking view of the Mont Collon, the Dents with the Aiguille de Za, 
 the Dent Blanche, and to the N. the Bernese Alps. Descent across the vast 
 snow-fields of the Glacier d'Otemma to Chanrion (p. 294). — Longer, but 
 far more striking, is the route to Chermontane over the Col de I'Eveque 
 (11,485'; 13 hrs. ; guide 30 fr.). Route over the Glacier d'^ Arolla to the Col 
 de Collon^ see above; here we ascend to the right to the Col de fEveque, 
 (11,13'J''), lying S.W. of the Eveque (p. 312), cross a snow-arete between 
 the (1.) Sengla (12,155') and the (r.) Petit Mont Collon (see above) to the 
 Glacier d'Otemma, and descend as above to Chanrion. 
 
 To Zerjiatt over the Col de Bertol, 11-12 hrs., fatiguing but re- 
 paying (guide 30 fr.). We traverse the Glacier d"" Arolla to the Plan de Bertol, 
 and ascend rocks and the steep Glacier de Bertol to the Col de Bertol 
 (10,925'), between two of the Dents de Bertol (11,505' and 11,145'). We 
 then cross the vast snow-fields of the Glaciers du Mont Mini and de Ferpicle, 
 past the Tete Blanche (which takes I'A hr. more to ascend ; see below), to 
 the Col d^Herens and the Stockje (p. 314); thence to Zermait , 3'/2-4 
 hrs. — Over the Col du Most BRtrLii and the Col de Valpelline, 
 another grand route, 12-13 hrs. (guide 30 fr.). We follow the Col de Collon 
 route to the basin of Za-de-Zan, ascend steeply to the left to the Col du 
 Mont Brule (10,900'), cross the crevassed upper Za-de-Zan Glacier (passing 
 on the left the Dents and Col des Bouquetins, p. 314), and mount labor- 
 iously to the Col de Valpelline (11,6S5'), on the S. side of the Tete Blanche 
 (12,3(-0'; ascended from the col in 3/4 hr. ; splendid view; p. 314). Then 
 down the Stock Glacier to the Stockje (see p. 314). 
 
 (b.) *Ferpecle. (Bridle-path, 2V2 lirs. from Evolena to the inn ; 
 horse or mule 8, there and back 10 fr.) At (1 hr.) Haudores, by 
 the third house before the bridge (p. 312), we diverge to the left, 
 ascend gradually, and then more rapidly, passing four, and shortly 
 beyond them six chalets. Beyond the next ridge we ascend to the 
 left to (>Y4hr.) Sepey (5580'), where the bridle-path fromEvolena via 
 La Sage and Forclaz (see p. 311 ; ^4 hr. longer, but liner) joins ours 
 on the left. The imposing head of the valley (Glacier de Ferpecle 
 and Dent Blanche) is now revealed, the view being finest from the 
 chalets of Prazfleuri, the second group beyond Sepey. Then througli 
 wood to (3/4 hr.) the chalets ofSalay or FerpMe (5910'; *H6t. du Col
 
 314 V. Route 83. FERPilCLE. The S. Valleys 
 
 cVHerens, plain, R., L., & A. 21/2-3, B. IV2, lunch 21/2, D- 3 fr. ^ 
 post and telegraph office) , splendidly situated opposite the Mont 
 Mine and Ferpede Glaciers. 
 
 Just beyond the hotel a narrow path ascends to the left through 
 larch-wood and over debris and pastures to the (IV2 hr.) 'Alp Bricolla (7960'), 
 a strikingly grand point of view. At our feet lies the huge Ferpecle Glacier, 
 overtopped by the snow-clad Wandfluh, while to the left rise the huge 
 Dent Blanche and the Grand-Cornier. To the right, separated from the 
 Ferpecle Glacier by the Mont Mine, is the Glacier du Mont Mine, with the 
 Dents de Bertol, Aiguille de la Za, and Dents de Veisivi. Milk may be 
 obtained at the chalets. 
 
 AsCEXTs. Dent Blanche (14,320'), very difficult (10-14 hrs. from Fer- 
 pecle; guide 70 fr.). The night is usually spent below the rocks on the 
 right side of the Glacitr de la Deiit Blanche; hence to the top 6-8 hrs. The 
 ascent from the Stockje (see p. 327) is longer and much more fatiguing. — 
 Grand Cornier (13,022'), from Ferpecle by the Col de la Pointe de Bricolla 
 (see below) in 7-8 hrs., toilsome, but without danger (guide 30 fr.). 
 
 Passes. To Zinal over the Col du Grand- Cornier, 10-11 hrs., 
 not very difficult (guide 30 fr.). Beyond (IV2 hr.) Bricolla (see above) 
 we turn to the E. to the Glacier de la Dent Blanche^ and ascend it 
 rapidly to the (872 hrs.) Col du Grand-Cornier or de la Dent Blanche 
 (11,625'), between the Dent Blanche and the Grand Cornier. We descend 
 an arete to the right and snow -slopes, passing the Roc Koir ^ to the 
 (21/2 hrs.) Mountet Club Hut (p. 317), and over the Durand (Zinal) 
 Glacier to (3 hrs.) Zinal (p. 816). — Over the Col de la Pointe de 
 Bricolla, 10 hrs. to Zinal (guide 35 fr.), rather fatiguing. From Bricolla 
 (see above) we ascend to the N.E. across the Glacier de Bricolla and 
 over steep rocks , partly covered with ice , to the (3i/2 hrs.) Col de la 
 Pointe de Bricolla (about 10,170'; splendid view), immediately to the E. 
 of the Pointe de Bricolla (12,015'). We descend across the Glacier de 
 Moiry^ and by the Col de VAlUe and the Alp de VAllee to (5 hrs.) Zinal. 
 With this excursion may be easily combined the ascents of the Pie. de 
 Bricolla, the Bouquetin (11,430'), and the Pigne de VAlUe (11,170'). — 
 Over the Col de Couronne {Col du Zati or Col de Brionna) and the Col 
 de VAlUe, see p. 317. 
 
 To Zermatt over the Col d'H£rens, 11 hrs., fatiguing (guide 30 fr.). 
 From Bricolla in 3/4 hr, to the FerpMe Glacier, which we ascend, at first 
 steeply, to the (3 hrs.) Col d'Herens (11,415'), between the Wand/luh and 
 the Teie Blanche (12,300'; easily ascended from the pass in 3/4 hr. ; grand 
 view; we may descend to the Col de Yalpelline, and regain the Zermatt 
 route at the Stockje; this adds IV4-IV2 hr. to the route; see above. Col 
 de Valpelline). To the E. towers the overwhelming Matterhorn. From 
 the pass we descend steep rocks and the crevassed Stock Glacier to the 
 (1 hr.) Stockje (9052'), a rocky island at the head of the Zmutt Glacier, 
 between the Stock Glacier (left) and the Tiefenmatten Glacier (right). The 
 club-hut was destroyed in 1891 and is being rebuilt. We descend the 
 stone-covered Zmutt Glacier , and at lensth regain a firm footing at the 
 (3 hrs.) Staffelalp (p. 325). Thence to Zermatt IV2 hr. 
 
 To PRA-RATfi OVER THE CoL DBS EoDQDETiNs (10-11 hrs. ; guide 30 fr.), 
 also fatiguing. We either follow the Col d'Herens route (see above), or 
 ascend the left moraine, past Mont Mini, to the upper Ferpecle Glacier, 
 and mount to the right to the Col des Bouquetins (11,215'), to the E. of 
 the Dent des Bouquetins (12,625'). Descent over the Glacier de Za-de-Zan 
 to Pra-Ray4 (p. 313). 
 
 Fkom Evolena to Yissoye over the Col de Toerext, bridle- 
 path, 8-9 hrs. (guide 12 fr., unnecessary for experts ; horse 24 fr,). 
 Halfway between Evolena andHauderes, by a tall wooden cross, 
 we ascend to the left to La Sage and Villa (to which a short-cut
 
 of the Valais. COL DE TORRENT. V. Route 83. 315 
 
 ascends 20 min. S. of Evolena, to the left, through a steep gorge"). 
 "We ascend the Alp Cotter in long zigzags , and then across slate- 
 deTsris , to the (4 hrs.) *Col de Torrent (9595') , on the S. side of 
 i\i& Sasseneire (see below), commanding a splendid view of the Val 
 d'Herens and the grand mountains encircling its upper end (from 
 right to left: Pointe de Vouasson. Aiguilles Rouges, Mt. Pleureur, 
 Mt. Blanc de Seilon, Serpentine, Pigno d'Arrolla, Petites and Gran- 
 des Dents, Dents de Bertol, Mont Mine', Tete Blanche, etc.). 
 
 The *Sas3eneire (10,690'), 1 hr. from the col (guide desirable), affords 
 a magnificent panorama: to the N., the Jura appears like a blue line 
 beyond the Col de Cheville (p. 244); to the S. the attention is chiefly ar. 
 rested by the Dent Blanche (p. 314). 
 
 To the N. of the Sasseneire another bridle-path (easy and attractive) 
 crosses the Paa de Lona (8925') to the Val d'Anniviers (from the Chalets 
 de Praz Jean to Grimence 8 hrs.; guide 12 fr.). The Bees de Bosson (10,370' ; 
 superb view) may be ascended from the pass in 2 hrs. 
 
 The path descends in long windings, passing the N. side of the 
 little Lac de Zozanne (8870'), in full view of the lofty range be- 
 tween the Anniviers and Zermatt valleys (Gabelhorn, Trifthorn, 
 Rothhorn, Weisshorn, Brunnegghorn, Diablons), to the Torrent-Alp 
 (7940') and the (IV2 ^r.) Alp Zatelet-Praz (7085'), in the Val de 
 Moiry or de Torrent the W. branch of the Val d' Anniviers, watered 
 by the Navigenze, The valley is grandly terminated by the Glacier 
 de Moiry, overshadowed by the (r.) Couroune deBr^onna, Za de 
 I'Ano, Pointe de Bricolla, Grand Cornier, Dent Blanche, (1.) Pigne 
 de I'Allee, and the black slaty cone of the Garde de Bordou. 
 
 ZiNAL (p. 316) may be reached from this point in 3V2 hrs. by remount- 
 ing the E. slope of the valley and crossing the Col de Sorebois (8970'). 
 From the 'Corne de Sorebois (9210'), 20 min. to the N. of the pass, we 
 obtain a splendid view of the Weisshorn, Rothhorn, Gabelhi.irn, Grand 
 Cornier, Dent Blanche, etc. Descent by an easy path, or (shorter, with 
 guide) direct through wood to Zinal. — To Zinal over the Col de VAllie 
 and to Evolena over the Col de Couronne or the Col de Brdonna, see p. 317. 
 
 Beyond the Alp we traverse a level and monotonous valley and 
 descend a rocky defile to (I72 ^^•) Grimence, or Gremenz (5015'), 
 a large village. Thence via St. Jean to (1 hr.) a bridge over the 
 Navigenze (3898'), and to (1/4 hr.) Vissoye (see p. 316). 
 
 ii. From Sierre through the Val d' Anniviers to Zinal. 
 
 To Vissoye (11 M.) a tolerable road 5 horse 10, one-horse carr. 12 fr.; 
 thence mule-path to (61/4 ^1-) Zinal. 
 
 Sierre, p. 296. We follow the road to the E. to the (IV4 M.) 
 Rhone Bridge (1775'), Y2 ^^- beyond which the road to the Val Anni- 
 viers diverges to the right and ascends rapidly through wood. Be- 
 low, to the right, lies Chippis, at the influx of the Navigenze into 
 the Rhone. After an ascent of 21/2 M. we enter the Val d'Anniviers 
 (Ger. Einfischthal or Eivschthal; 3050'), with the deep and inac- 
 cessible gorge of the Navigenze to the right. To the S. the beautiful 
 snow-mountains enclosing the valley , the Rothhorn , Trifthorn , 
 Besso, Dent Blanche, etc., are gradually revealed. Beyond (I74M.) 
 Niouc (Cantine des Alpes), the road is carried by means of galle-
 
 316 V, Route 83. VAL D"ANNIVIERS. The S. Valleys 
 
 ries across a wild ravine, descending from the leftj and immed- 
 iately before the hamlet of Barmes we cross a similar ravine. 
 
 A direct route to Xiouc for walkers diverges to the riglit beyond the 
 station of Sierre, passes under the railway embankment, and crosses a 
 hill to the new Rhone bridge and (20 min.) CMppis. Beyond the second 
 house we turn to the left and cross the Navigenze; then, leaving the church 
 to the left, a narrow path following the telegraph-wires, frequently cross- 
 ing the road, and at length uniting with it, leads us to (IV4 hr.) Niouc. 
 
 A footpath, diverging to the left beyond the first gorge (see above) 
 leads from Xiouc by SussiUon (4545') in 3 hrs. to the lofty village of 
 Chandolin (6340'), whence a good path through pine-forest, with beauti- 
 ful views of the Val d'Anniviers, the Rhone Valley, and the Bernese 
 Alps, descends to St. Luc in IV4 hr. — The lUhorn (8935'), which over- 
 looks the Illgraben (p. 297), the Rhone Valley, and the Bernese andValais- 
 ian Alps, is ascended without difficulty from Chandolin in 21/2 hrs. 
 
 To the right below the road [31/2 ^^0 is ^^^ prettily situated 
 village of Fang. (Travellers bound for St. Luc must beyond the 
 saw-mill, about 1/9 M. before Fang, take the bridle- path to the left, 
 ascending gradually to St. Luc in 11/2 lir.; see p. 318.) The road 
 foUows the vaUey, passing several small ravines. On the opposite 
 slope lies Painsec. Then (3 M.) Vissoye [4000' ; Hot.-Pens. d'Anni- 
 viers, R. 21/2, D- 3 fr.), the capital of the valley, on a hill on the 
 right bank of the Navigenze, with a handsome church. 
 
 About 272-3 hrs. above Vissoye (bridle-path , diverging to the left at 
 the upper end of the village from the Zinal route beyond the bridge over 
 the Bella Tola brook, and ascending generally through wood; guide 
 unnecessary) is the *H6tel Weisshorn (about 7550' 5 R., L., & A. 4, lunch 
 372, D. 4, pens. 8-10 fr.), in an open situation on the Tete du Mouton or 
 Tete a Fia , a spur of the Rochers de JVava , with splendid view and rich 
 flora. Excursions may be made hence to the Pointe de Nava (9118'i 174 tr.); 
 to the top of the Toitnot (9975'; 272 hrs.); to the Lac de Tounot; to the 
 Fas de la Forclefta (p. 319; 272 hrs.); to the Meiden Pass (p. 319; 2 hrs.); 
 to the Bella Tola (p. 318 ; 2^/4 hrs. ; guide convenient) ; and other points. 
 
 St. Luc (steep ascent of 1 hr. from. Vissoye), see p. 818 ; thence to the 
 Hdtel Weisshorn 13/4-2 hrs. 
 
 Beyond Vissoye the bridle-path leads towards a saw-mill (not to 
 the left) to (1^/4 M.) Mission, at the mouth of the ValdeMoiry (see 
 p. 315), and (1 M.) Ayer (4775'), with deserted nickel-mines. (To 
 St. Luc, see p. 318.) The path ascends a little, crosses a torrent, 
 and traverses a stony wilderness, the scene of a landslip. It then 
 (I1/2 M.) crosses the Navigenze, passes a chapel on the left bank, 
 recrosses by the second bridge to the right bank, and reaches 
 (2M.)- 
 
 61/4 M. Zinal (5505'; *Hdt.-Pens. Durand, R. &L. I^/^, 6,11/2, 
 D. 4, pens. 5-6 fr.; Hot. du Trift, R. 2, D. 31/2, pens. 5-6 fr., well 
 spoken of; Eng. Ch. Service in summer). The valley ends towards 
 the S., 1 hr. from Zinal, in the Durand or Zinal Glacier. 
 
 ExcDESioNs (guides, Elie Piter and the schoolmaster Joachim). The 
 *Alpe de I'Allee (718/), to the W., above the lower end of the glacier, 
 2 hrs. from Zinal, commands a noble survey of the head of the valley, of 
 the mountains from the Dent Blanche to the Weisshorn, and of the glaciers 
 of Durand and Moming, separated by the beautiful double-peaked pyramid 
 of the Lo Besso (12,055')- The path may be found without a guide. Beyond 
 the hotel we cross (74 hr.) to the left bank, and traverse pastures; 72 lir., 
 fragments of rock, where we ascend gradually; 20 min., a ravine with a
 
 oftheValais. ZINAL. V. Route 83. 317 
 
 waterfall above; beyond tbe ravine we turn to the right, and iO min. 
 farther, right again (the more level path leads to the glacier), ascending 
 in zigzags ; 35 min., a stone chalet on the first mountain terrace. Then 
 rather a steep ascent ; V4 hr., to the left; 10 min., chalet. Descent in IV2 hr. 
 
 The *Alpe d'Arpitetta (7420'), opposite the last-mentioned, to the E., 
 aflbrds an even finer view, particularly of the Weisshorn, the Morning 
 Glacier, and the Rothhom. A still more imposing and complete view is 
 commanded from the -Roc de la Vache (8485'), ascended from the Alp in 
 1 hr., or from Zinal direct via the Alp Tracuit in 2V2 hrs. (guide 5 fr.). 
 By crossing the terminal moraine of the Durand glacier (with guide), the 
 Alp de FAllce and Arpitetta may be combined. — Good walkers, however, 
 should not fail to extend the excursion up the Durand Glacier to the 
 Constantia or Mountet Club Hut (9495'; /nra, well spoken oO, at the S. 
 base of the Besso (4 hrs. from Zinal ; guide 6 fr.), overlooking the grand 
 amphitheatre of the glacier, encircled by the Rothhom, Trifthorn, Gabel- 
 hom. Dent Blanche, Grand Cornier, and Boviquetin. The view is still 
 grander from the Roc Noir (10,260'), rising from the ice opposite the 
 Mountet, reached in 1 hr. from the club-hut (guide from Zinal 8 fr.). 
 
 Ascents. The Come de Sorebois (9210'), 3 hrs.. with guide (5 fr.), easy 
 and attractive, see p. 315. A much finer mountain-view is obtained from 
 the Garde de Bordon (10,880'), reached in 2V2 hrs. from the Corne de 
 Sorebois via the arete, for adepts only (guide 8 fr.). The ascent direct from 
 Zinal is very steep. — The Pointe d'Arpitetta (10.300'), from the Alp Arpitetta 
 3-4hrs. (easy and repaying). — Lo Besso (12,055'), rather steep and toilsome, 
 for experts only (3-4 hrs. from the Jlountet Club -hut; guide 20 fr.); 
 view exceedinglv grand. — Pigne de I'Allee (11,170'), from Zinal by the 
 Alp de VAlUe in'6-7 hrs. (guide 15 fr.) , and Bouquetin (11,430'), from Zinal 
 over the Col de VAlUe and the Glacier de Moiry in 6-7 hrs. (20 fr.), both 
 not very difficult. — Diablons (11,850'; 12 fr.), by the Alp Tracuit in 6 hrs., 
 laborious. — The Grand Cornier (13,020' ; 30 fr.) is best ascended from 
 the plateau of nev^ beloAv the Col du Grand-Cornier (p. 814), the last part 
 difficult. — Zinal-Rothhorn or Morning (13,855'; 80 fr.), a difficult and 
 hazardous climb (from the Mountet Club-hut over the W. flank in 6-7 
 hrs.). — Ober-Gabelhorn (13,365' ; 60 fr.), by the W. arete, also very diffi- 
 cult. Comp. p. 327. 
 
 Passes. To Evolena over the Col de Sorebois and Col de Torrent, see 
 p. 315; by the Col du Grand-Cornier and the Col de la Pointe de Bricolla 
 see p. 314; by the Pas de Lona, see p. 315. — Ovek the Col de l'Allee 
 AND THE CoL DE CoDEONNE, 10-11 hrs. (guide 15 fr.), trying, and for adepts 
 only. From the Alp de TAllee we ascend steep grassy and rocky slopes 
 to the Col de I'Allee (10,485'). Descent to the Glacier de Moiry, and another 
 steep ascent to the Col de Couronne (9896'), between the Couronne de Brionna 
 and the Za de VAno. Then a steep descent to Ferpicle (p. 313). — Instead 
 of the Col de Couronne we may cross the Col de Brionna (9575'), lying 
 to the K., between the Couronne de Brionna and the Seri'a Neire, or the 
 Col du Zat^ (9435'), between the Serra Neire and the Pointe du ZaU (both 
 toilsomej. 
 
 To Grdben in the Turtmann Valley over the Pas de la Forcletta or the 
 Col de Tracuit (des Diablons), see p. 819. 
 
 To Zermatt ovek the Triftjoch, 11-12 hrs., trying and difficult, for 
 steady climbers only (guide 30 fr.). From the (4V2 hrs.) Constantia Hut (see 
 above) we traverse the Durand Glacier towards the E. to the (IV* hr.) 
 foot of the precipitous rocks of the Trifthorn (12,260'), and clamber up at 
 first by a ladder, with the aid of a rope, and then along narrow ledges 
 of rock and through perpendicular couloirs. The (IV2 hr.) Triftjoch 
 (11,615'), between the Trifthorn and the Ober-Gabelhorn (13,365'), aflfords a 
 striking view of Monte Rosa and the Mischabel. Then down the Trift 
 Glacier and its huge moraine to (4 hrs.) Zermatt (p. 321). 
 
 To Zekmatt over the Col Durand, 13-14 hrs. (guide 35 fr.). From 
 the Constantia Club-hut we ascend towards the S., passing the Roc ^'oir 
 (see above), at first gradually, but soon rapidly, and in some years with 
 difficulty, to the (4 hrs.) Col Durand (11,400'), between the Mont Durand 
 iArbenhorn, 12,284') and the Pointe de Zinal (12,487'), where we obtain a most
 
 318 V. Route 83. ST. LUC. The S. Valleys 
 
 striking view of the Matterhorn towering opposite. Descent not direct 
 over the Hohwdng Glacier to the Zmutt Glacier., as the lovrer part of the 
 former is full of crevasses, but to the left, along the rocks of the Ehihorn 
 (11,968'), to (3V2-4hrs.) Zmutt (p. 325) and (1 hr.) Zermatt (p. 321). 
 
 To Zermatt over the Homing Pass (12,445'), between the Rothhorn 
 and Schallihorn (14 hrs. ; guide 40 fr.), and to Randa over the Schallijoch 
 (12,805'), between the Schallihorn and Weisshorn (14 hrs.; 35 fr.), both 
 difficult and toilsome. 
 
 From Zinal to St. Lcc (3V4 hrs.l. We return to (6 M.) Ayer (p. 316), 
 ascend to the right, and skirt the hill-side, traversing pastures and wood 
 (guide desirable, 5 fr.; or enquiry may be made at Ayer). — From Zinal 
 to the Hotel Weisshorn (p. 316) direct in 4 hrs. (guide desirable). 
 
 iii. St. Luc ; Bella Tola ; over the Pas du Boeuf (or tlie Meiden 
 Pass) into the Turtmann Valley, and over the Augstbord Pass to 
 the Valley of the Visp. 
 Road from Sierre to Vissoye (11 M.); ascent thence to St. Luc, 1 hr. 
 (from Sierre direct to St. Luc 5 hrs., horse 10 fr. ; comp. p. 316). Luggage 
 under 10 lbs. may be sent by post. Ascent of the Bella Tola from St. 
 Luc 3V2 hrs. ; from the Bella Tola to Gruben over the Pas du Boeuf in 41/2, 
 or the Meiden Pass in 3V2-4 hrs. (guide 10, horse 16 fr.)- From Gruben 
 over the Augstbord Pass to St. Ifiklaus 7 (or including the Schwarzhorn 
 8V2) hrs. (guide 12, horse 30 fr.). 
 
 St. Lnc (5495'; *H6t.-Pens. de la Bella Tola , R. & L. 2-3 , D. 
 4 fr. ; Engl. Ch. Service in summer), lying on a steep slope, amid 
 pastures and fields, commands a superb view of the Val d'Anniviers 
 and the snow-mountains at its head (Schallhorn, Lo Besso , Ober- 
 Gabelhorn, Mont Durand, Matterhorn, and Pointe de Ziual). 
 
 The *Bella Tola (9760'; Si/o hrs.; guide 6 fr. , advisable; 
 horse 8 fr.) , an admirable and favourite point of view , is the 
 N.W. peak of a group of mountains enclosing the large crater-like 
 basin of the Bella Tola Glacier on the S. side. From the hotel we 
 proceed to the church, immediately beyond which we turn to the left; 
 1 min. more again to the left (the path straight on leads to the 
 Hotel Weisshorn, see p. 316); 40 min., ascend to the left; 4 min., 
 turn to the right; 10 min., ascend in zigzags, then through wood and 
 across two brooks to (40 min.) a white hut known as the 'Chalet 
 Blanc'. Then to the left over an old moraine; 5 min., to the right 
 in a straight line for the centre of the Bella Tola; 1^4 hr. we reach 
 its base and ascend in steep zigzags to (50 min.) a refuge-hut, and 
 (left) to (15 min.) the summit. The N.W, peak, that usually as- 
 cended, is marked by a metal vane, but a path ascends the S.E. 
 peak (10,138') also. The view embraces the whole of the Bernese 
 and Valaisian Alps; opposite, to the N. , the whole gorge of the 
 Dala is visible, up to the Gemmi. The mountains to the S., from 
 Monte Leone (p. 300) to Mont Blanc, are particularly grand. — From 
 the Hotel Weisshorn to the Bella Tola (3 hrs.) see p. 316. 
 
 In order to reach the Turtmann Valley we descend from the Bella 
 Tola to the S., and ascend to the left to the (Ihr.) Pas du Boeuf 
 (9155'). In descending into the Borterthnl we keep to the left, and 
 in some seasons cross a patch of snow. At (I72 l^r.) the chalets
 
 of the Valais. MELDEN PASS. V. Route 83. 319 
 
 of Pletschen the track divides : to the left to (27-2 i^rs.') Turtmann 
 (p. 297), to the right to (2 hrs.) Gruben (see below). 
 
 The direct route from St. Luc to Gruben crosses the Meiden 
 Pass (9155'; 5 hrs.; guide hardly needed). After 50 min. we cross 
 the brook descending from the Bella Tola, then proceed straight on 
 (passing in 6 min. a path diverging to the left to the Bella Tola) 
 to the (1 hr.) Alp Tounot (to which we may ride). The path ascends 
 pastures and then over rocky del^ris to (IV2 l^r.) the pass, to the N. 
 of the Tounot (9975'), with a fine view of theWeisshorn, Brunnegg- 
 horn, Barrhorner, and the range between the Turtmann and Nicolai 
 valleys. We descend past several small lakes (with the Meiden- 
 hom, 9780', on the right) to the Upper and the Lower Alp Meiden 
 (7615'; fine view of the great Turtmann Glacier, see below). Lastly 
 a zigzag descent through larches and stone-pines , to the Alpine 
 hamlet of (2 hrs.) Gruben, Zmeiden , or Meiden (5960'; *Hdt. 
 Schwarzhorn, plain), in the Turtmann Valley. 
 
 The Turtmann Valley ends to the S. in the magnificent Tuktjiann or 
 Bare Glaciek, imbedded between the Diablons (11,850')- Weisshorn (14,8Ct5'), 
 Brunnegghorn (12,630'), and Barrhorn (11,920'). At its base lie the chalets 
 of Sennthum (IV2 lir. from Gruben). A difficult, but interesting route crosses 
 this glacier and the Col des Diablons, or de Tracuit (10,675'), between the 
 Diablons and the Weisshorn, to Zinal (9-10 hrs. from Gruben ; guide 16 fr.). 
 
 Fkosi Grdben to Zinal over the Pas de la Foecletta, S hrs., not 
 difficult, and fairly interesting (guide 12 fr.). By the Lower Blummatialp, 
 1/2 hr. above Gruben, we ascend to the right through wood to the (1 hr.) 
 Upper Blummatt (7680'), with a fine view of the Turtmann Glacier, Weiss- 
 horn, etc. Then past the chalets of the Kaltberg^ and through a dreary 
 valley to the (21/2 hrs.) Pas de la Forcletta (9810'), between the (r.) Roc de 
 Budri and the (1.) Crete d^Omberenza. Fine view of the Valaisian and 
 Bernese Alps. Descent to the chalets oi Remoinze (8505'), and over pastures; 
 lastly through wood, either to the right to (3 hrs.) Ayer^ or to the left to 
 (4 hrs.) Zinal (p. 316). 
 
 From Grubek to Turtmann (3V2 hrs.). The bridle-path follows 
 the right bank of the Turtmarmbach, via Tschafel and Niggeling , to the 
 (I1/2 hr.) YoUensteg^ which carries the path to the left bank. Thence we 
 proceed through the Tauhwald or Dubenicald, a pine-forest now much 
 thinned. In the middle is a little white chapel with numerous votive 
 tablets. At (IV2 hr.) Tummenen (3200') we recross the stream, by the sec- 
 ond bridge, then descend the steep left bank of the brook, with fine views 
 of the Khone Valley, to O/2 hr.) Turtmann (p. 297). 
 
 From Gruben to St. Niklaus (7 hrs., with the Schwarzhorn 81/2 
 hrs.; guide desirable, 12 or 15 fr.), a bridle-path ascends the steep 
 E. slope of the valley and the Gruben- Alp to the (3 hrs.) Augstbord 
 Pass (9490'), between the Steinthalhorn (10,213') on the S. and the 
 Schwarzhorn (10,512') on the N., affording a fine view of the Fletsch- 
 horn, Simplon group, and Mischabel. 
 
 The -Schwarzhorn (10,512') is easily ascended in 3/4-I ^r. from the pass. 
 Superb view, finer than from the Bella Tola (p. 318): N., the Bernese Alps, 
 from the Doldenhorn to the Finsteraarhorn ; E., the St. Gotthard group, 
 Alps of Ticino, Mte. Leone, Fletschhorn, Weissmies, and the imposing 
 Mischabel; S., Monte Rosa, the Lyskamm , Brunnegghorn, Weisshorn, 
 Dent Blanche, Diablons, etc. 
 
 The path descends over de'bris (bad for riding) into the Augst- 
 bord Valley. We may then either go to the right, skirting the Stein-
 
 320 V. Route 84. STALDEN. 
 
 thalgrat, to Jungen (6490' ; splendid view of the Visptlial from the 
 church; to the left the Gassenried Glacier, Dom, and Grahenhorn, 
 to the light the Brunnegghorn and Weisshorn ; in the centre the 
 Breithorn and Zwillinge) , and descend to (3 hrs.) St. Niklaus 
 (see p. 321). 
 
 From Gruben to St. Niklaus by the Jung Pass (9822') , farther S., inter- 
 esting on the whole (6 hrs.; guide 12 fr.). — The Barrjoch (11,990'), 
 Brunneggjocb (11,100'), and Biesjoch (11,644') are glacier-passes, fit for ex- 
 perts only, with able guides. The latter is very difficult, but by keeping 
 up a nearly perpendicular rock gully on the Randa side, access is obtained 
 to the great snow basin of the Bies Glacier by a route safe from falling 
 stones. 
 
 8t. Niklaus, and thence to Zermatt, see p. 321. 
 
 84. From Visp to Zermatt. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 296, 310. 
 
 22 M. Railway in 2 hrs. 40 min. (2nd cl. 16, 3rd cl. 10 fr.). — The 
 railway from Visp to Zermatt, opened in 1891, combines the adhesive and 
 rack-and-pinion systems, and is worked by engines on Abt's system. The 
 maximum gradient on the adhesive sections is 45 : 1000; on the rack- 
 and-pinion sections 125 : 1000. 
 
 Distances on Foot: from Visp to Zermatt 9 hrs. (Stalden I3/4 hr., 
 St. iS^iklaus 21/2 hrs. ; Randa 51/2 M., Tasch 21/2 M., Zermatt 31/2 M.). Bridle- 
 path to St. INiklaus, carriage-road thence to Zermatt. — The route from 
 Visp to Zermatt is easy and attractive, being varied with picturesque 
 rock -scenery and waterfalls. At the entrance to the Vispthal appears 
 the beautiful Balfrinhorn (12,475'), and beyond Stalden the huge Weisshorn 
 (14,805') and the Brunnegghorn (12.630'). Near St. Niklaus the Breithorn 
 (13,685') and the toothlike peak of the Little Matterhorn (12,750') come in 
 sight. Beyond St. Niklaus the superb Breithorn is conspicuous nearly all 
 the way to Zermatt. Lastly, near Zermatt, the Great Matterhorn (14,705') 
 becomes visible. Besides these, many other peaks, with glaciers descend- 
 ing from them, are visible on both sides. 
 
 Visp (2155'), see p. 298. The railway makes a wide curve to 
 the S. towards the rapid and turhid Visp, and gradually ascends on 
 the right hank of the stream, which fills the entire breadth of the 
 valley. The train passes under the Neubrucke, hy which the bridle- 
 path crosses to the left bank, then crosses the river by an iron 
 bridge, 40 yds. long, and ascends (rack-and-pinion section, 1050 
 yds. in length; gradient 120-125 : 1000) to the (41/2 M.) station of 
 Stalden (2630' ; Buffet), 2 min. S. of the village of the same name 
 (2735'; Hot. Stalden, R., L., & A. 3fr.), situated in a very fertile 
 region, on a mountain-spur, at the foot of which the Saaser and the 
 Gorner Visp unite. The valley divides here. The vast group of the 
 Saasgrat, the N.E. spur of the Monte Rosa mass, separates the 
 Nicolai Valley from the Saas Valley. The culture of the vine ex- 
 tends about 2 M. beyond Stalden. 
 
 From Stalden to (41/2 hrs.) 'Saas-Fee and over th^ Moro Pass to (12 hrs.) 
 Macugnaga, see p. 334. 
 
 To THE SiMPLON HospiCE ovEK THE BisTENEN Pass, 11 hrs., fatiguing 
 (guide 15 fr.-, Joh. Furrer of Stalden or J. Dorsaz of Simplon ; horse 30 fr.). 
 From Stalden the route leads by Staldenried and Gspon (6230') to a pass 
 (about 7200') lying to the N. of the Ochsenhorn (9547'), also reached in 4 hrs. 
 from Visp by Visperterminen. Descent to the chalets of Bististaffel (6170')
 
 
 
 Upl.^ict "' 
 
 
 I /!C;?'^;j!!™«:S™' ^^ ^."^ 
 
 f^'
 
 ST. NIKLAUS. V. Route 84. 321 
 
 in the upper Nanzer Thai, ascent again to the Bistenen-Puss (about 7870'), 
 and descent thence to the Simplon Hospice (p. 300j. 
 
 Immediately beyond Stalden is another rack-and-piniou section, 
 1030 yds. long. The train ascends through a rock-cutting and a 
 tunnel to the height of 2940', and for a considerable time follows 
 a level course, high up on the left side of the deep valley of the 
 Visp ; ahead of us the Weisshorn, Brunnegghorn, and Barrhorn are 
 visible. Three short tunnels are traversed, and beyond the imposing 
 viaduct [177' long, 165' high) over the Miihlbach, two more tunnels 
 and two other viaducts in the gorge of the Faulkinn. At (672 M. ) 
 the station of Kalpetran , the bottom of the valley is once more 
 reached. Above, to the right, are the little church and hamlet ofEmd, 
 situated on so shelving a pasture that, according to the local wits, 
 the very fowls must be shod with iron to enable them to keep their 
 footing. Another level section follows, after which the line crosses 
 to the right bank and ascends by a rack-and-pinion section, 172^- 
 long, through the gorges of Kipfen and Seeli, keeping close to the 
 brawling Visp, which here forms a series of waterfalls amidst huge 
 blocks of gneiss. We return to the left bank, and reach — 
 
 10 M. St. Niklaus (3705'; pop. 806; Buffet ,• *(?r. Hotel St. Ni- 
 colas, R., L., & A. 372, B. 172, lunch 31/2, D- 5 fr.), the capital of 
 the valley. (To Gruben over the Augstbord Pass, see p. 319.) 
 
 Beyond a short rack-and-pinion section the railway crosses the 
 Blattbach, descending on the right from the Brunnegghorn, and then 
 returns by a skew-bridge to the right bank of the Visp. To the right a 
 lofty waterfall in several leaps. 1372 M. //er&nacn (4120'). Another 
 steep gradient (1835 yds. long) begins at the chalets oi Breilenmalt. 
 High up on the left is the Festi Glacier, descending from the Dam 
 (p. 326) ; to the right is the Weisshorn (14,805') with the fissured 
 Bies Glacier; and to the S. rise the Little Matterhorn and the superb 
 Breithorn. Between (16 M.) Kanda (4620'; *H6t. Weisshorn) and 
 (18 M.) Tasch (4770') the traces of a landslip which is said to 
 have buried a whole village are still visible. The line is now 
 carried along the right bank of the Visp on a massive embankment. 
 To the right opens the Schallithal, with the Hohlicht Glacier, com- 
 manded by the Rothhorn; to the E. is the Tiischthal (p. 333). At 
 the chalets of Zermettje the line crosses the Visp for the last time, 
 and then ascends a gradient, 970 yds. long, on the Biihl, high above 
 the Visp, which foams in its narrow ravine below. We then enter 
 a gorge, scarcely broad enough for both road and railway. At its 
 end, to the right, the stupendous Matterhorn suddenly comes in 
 sight ; in the middle distance lies the Gomer Glacier ; and above it 
 stretches the vast Upper Theodule Glacier, with the Little Matter- 
 horn and the Breithorn on the left. The line then passes through a 
 short tunnel and reaches (22 M.) Zermatt (Railway-Restaur.). 
 
 Zermatt. — Hotels. Hotels du Moxt-Cervin, *Dn Mont-Rose, and 
 "Zermatt, all belonging to the Seiler family 5 R., L., & A. 3V'-j-5 . B. IVa, 
 lunch 3, D. 5, pens, from 8 fr. — Second-class: Hotel Terminus, *H6t. 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 21
 
 322 V. Route 84 . ZERMATT. Corner Gorge. 
 
 GoKNEKGBAT, Bellevue, otitside the village, near the rail, station , E. (feL. 
 31/2, D. 4fr.5 Post, K., L., <fe A. B'/z, B. I1/4, lunch 3, D. 4 fr. — '•Hot.- 
 Pens. Riffelalp (also Seiler''s), admirably situated 2 hrs. above Zermatt 
 on the way to the Riffelberg, excellently naanaged, R., L., (feA. 0, D, 5, 
 pens. 10-12 fr. (patronised by the English). — *Hot. -Pens. Eiffel otRiffel- 
 HADS (Seller's), on the Riffelberg, 3 hrs. from Zermatt, R., L., & A. 5, 
 D. 5 fr. — *ScHWARzsEE Hotel (Seiler''s), 21/2 hvs. from Zermatt (p. 324), 
 R., L., & A. 31/2, lunch 3, D. 4, pens. 8fr. The Seller hotels issue coupons 
 for lunch etc. to their guests, which may be used at the Eiffelalp, Riffel- 
 haus, and Schwarzsee. At the height of the season accommodation at 
 Zermatt can only be ensured by engaging rooms beforehand. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office by the Mont-Cervin Hotel. 
 
 Guides abound, and several are first-rate (Alex. Burgener ; Weisfhorn 
 Biner; Jos.., Raphael, Joh. (two of this name), Jos. Maria, and Peter Anton 
 Biner; Peter and Caesar Knuhel ; Fridolin and Alois Kronig\ the brothers Gen- 
 tineita; Alois Pol linger; Joh., Jos. Maria, Clemens., and Franz Pei'r en; Jos.Mo- 
 ser; Jos. and Ambyos. Imboden, etc.). Further information may be obtained 
 at the hotels. The charges for the difl'erent excursions are stated below in 
 each case. An agreement should be made with the guide as to the luggage 
 he is to carry. — Horse to the Riffelalp 8, Eiffel 10, Gorner Grat 12, Schwarzsee 
 10, Upper Theodule Glacier 15 fr, — Horses for the Gorner Grat are rarely 
 to be had at the Eiffel. 
 
 English Church opposite the Mont-Cervin Hotel. 
 
 Dried Plants from the neighbourhood (an excellent field for botanists), 
 insects, and minerals are sold by Biner. 
 
 Zermatt (5315'; pop. 525), called by the Piedmontese Pra- 
 borgne, lies in a green valley with pine-clad slopes, ahove which, to the 
 S., rises the snowy Theodule Glacier, commanded by the Breithorn 
 on the left and the huge rock-pyramid of the Matterhorn on the right. 
 
 Zermatt surpasses the Bernese Oberland in the magnificence of its 
 glaciers, although inferior in variety. In no other locality is the traveller 
 so completely admitted into the heart of the Alpine world, the very sanc- 
 tuary of the 'Spirit of the Alps'. The panorama from the Gorner Grat, 
 in particular, though destitute of the common attributes of the pictur- 
 esque, cannot fail to impress the spectator with its unparalleled grandeur. 
 The Zermatter Hof contains an admirable ''Relief of the Environs of Zer- 
 matt, from the Weisshorn to Macugnaga, by Imfeld (admission gratis). 
 
 The Churchyard contains the tomtistones of M. v. Grote (p. 332), Ch. 
 Hudson and R. Hadow (who perished on the Matterhorn in 1865), W. K. Wil- 
 son (Riffelhorn, 1865), H. Chester (Lyskamm, 1869), and to the right of 
 the church Michel Croz (p. 327). Beside the English Church (see above) re- 
 pose several other travellers who have perished among the mountains. 
 
 Excursions from Zermatt. To the *Gonier Gorge (I72 hr. 
 there and back). We diverge from the Theodule route (p. 325) after 
 15 min., cross the Zmuttbach by the (3 min.) lower bridge, and turn- 
 ing to the left reach (7 min.) the entrance (adm. 1 fr.) to the 
 picturesque gorge, through which the Matter- Visp dashes in brawl- 
 ing cascades. Bridges and paths lead to (5 min.) the upper end of 
 the Lower Gorge, whence a stair ascends to the top of the right 
 bank. A shady path leads thence to the (10 min.) Upper G'orpe (worth 
 seeing; 50c.), where we may either cross the bridge to the left 
 bank of the Visp and ascend to the hamlet of Zum See and the 
 Schwarzsee path, or ascend to the right to the Upper Moos and return 
 to (3/4 hr.) Zermatt by the Eiffel route. 
 
 Deservedly foremost among the attractions are the *B.iffelberg 
 and **Gorner Grat, easily visited in a single day. The bridle-path
 
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 Riffelherg. ZERMATT. V. Route 84. 323 
 
 (to the Riffelhaus 21/2-3, descent 1 1/2-2 lirs. ; guide unnecessary) can- 
 not be mistaken. From the Hotel du Mont-Rose we follow the road, 
 leaving the church to the left, for 8 min., and cross the Visp; on 
 the right bank we ascend through pastures; 8 min., at the church of 
 Winkelmatten (5500'), we turn to the right; 2 min., bridge over the 
 Findelenbach^ descending from the left (p. 325); here we turn to the 
 right, cross the pasture to the right, and ascend more rapidly, passing 
 between (8 min.) four huts, to the Obere Moos (Rfra.; sign-post to 
 the Gorner Gorge, p. 322). The path now ascends the FdlUHut:-, 
 traversing a wood of larches and stone-pines; 25 min., a hut (Rfm.) 
 above the Schwegmatt, whence we observe the lower end of the 
 Gorner Glacier, the Furggbach issuing from the Furgg Glacier, and 
 in the Zmutt valley, to the right, the Hohwang Glacier (p. 318); 
 25 min., chalets on the Aug stkummen- Matt (7110'; Rfm.). The steep 
 old path to the Riffel now ascends straight on, while the new and easier 
 path to the left describes awide bend through a wood of stone-pines, 
 and passes the (15 min.) *B:6tel Riffelalp (7305'; p. 322), com- 
 manding a superb view of the colossal Matterhorn, of the Zmutt 
 Valley with the Dent Blanche, and of the Ober-Gabelhorn, Trift- 
 horn, Rothhorn, Weisshorn, etc. Adjacent are an English chapel 
 and a Roman Catholic chapel. Above the hotel the two paths unite. 
 At the foot of the Riffelherg (12 min.) we cross the brook, and then 
 ascend in easy zigzags to the (40 min.) *Eiffel Hotel (8430'; p. 322), 
 which enjoys a line view of the Breithorn and Matterhorn aud other 
 peaks. The Gugel (8680'), the height to the N.E., commands also 
 the Findelen and Adler glaciers and the Adler Pass. 
 
 The **GornerGrat (10,290'; 4975' above Zermatt), a rocky ridge 
 rising from the plateau of the Riffelherg , and reached from the 
 Riffelhaus in i^/.j hr. (bridle-path, guide unnecessary; refreshmts. 
 at the top), commands a most imposing scene (see Panorama). The 
 spectator is entirely surrounded by snow-peaks and glaciers. The 
 Miscliabelhorner {Tdschhorn^ 14,757'; Dom^ 14,940'), huge spurs of 
 the Monte Rosa extending towards the N., between the twin-valleys 
 of Zermatt and Saas, as well as the mountains opposite them [Oher- 
 Gabelhorn, 13,365'; Rothhorn. 13,855'; Weisshorn, 14,805'), contest 
 the palm with the giants of the central chain themselves. Of the 
 peaks of Monte Rosa itself, the highest (15,215') and two other 
 only are visible , and its appearance is less imposing than from 
 the Italian side. The most striking object in the panorama, and in- 
 contestably the lion of Zermatt, is the jVatfer/iorn (14,705'; p. 327). 
 Around the base of the Riffelherg, from E. to W., winds the im- 
 mense *Gorner Glacier, which is joined in its course by six other 
 glaciers, and from the base of which issues the Visp (Matter- Visp). 
 
 From the ' Hohthaligrat (10,796'), tbe E. prolongation of the Gorner 
 Grat, 11/4 hr. more (laborious, for tolerably expert climbers only; guide con- 
 venient), tbe view is still finer and embraces tbe Findelen Glacier also. 
 
 From tbe Kiftelalp (see above) there is another path to the Ritl'el Inn, 
 '/2 br. longer than the above, but more interesting from its frequent prox- 
 
 21*
 
 324 V. Route 84. ZERMATT. Schwarzsee. 
 
 imity to the Gorner Glacier. At the Hotel Eiffelalp it diverges to the 
 right from the bridle path and skirts a stony slope (Riffelbord), the 
 haunt of the marmot, at first in the direction of the Matterhorn, then 
 towards the beautiful and dazzling snows of the Breithorn, beside which, 
 farther on, appear the Zwillinge, the Castor (13,880') on the E. and the 
 Pollux (13,430') on the W. After 1/2 hr, a path diverges to the right to 
 the Lower Gorner or Boden Glacie)-, which at this point, below the ice- 
 fall, may be crossed in safety (with guide). The path to the RifFelhaus 
 continues to ascend the slope and now mounts to the left; 12 min. turn 
 to the left; 20 min. Gagenhaiipt (8430'), a huge mass of rock to the W. 
 of the Riffelhorn (p. 326); then, to the N., to the (20 min.) Riflfelhaus. — 
 — The following extension of this walk is recommended. From the Gagen- 
 haupt we ascend to the E, towards the col, passing close to the N. side 
 of the Riffelhorn; 1/2 hr., a small pool. The path leads towards an open- 
 ing through which Monte Rosa is visible, passes the little Riffelhorn- See, 
 and in 1/4 hr. reaches the Rothe Boden (9123'), a reeky ridge to the E. of 
 the Riffelhorn, commanding a splendid view of the Gorner Glacier and 
 Monte Rosa. The Riffel Inn, 1/2 br. X.W., is visible as soon as the brow 
 of the mountain is reached. The rock-arete to the E. near the Rotlie 
 Boden, is the Gorner Grat (p. 323), the ascent of which from this point 
 takes 1 hr. 
 
 The return-route from the Eiffel to Zermatt via Findelf.n is strongly 
 recommended (3 hrs.). At the Hotel Riffelalp (p. 323) a new bridle-path 
 diverges to the right, skirting the slopes of the Riffelberg, into the Fin- 
 delen Valley. Keeping at first at nearly the same level, it finally ascends 
 through pine-wood to the (1 hr.) Inn near the small Griinsee (ToSi)'), at the 
 foot of the huge moraine of the *Findeien Glacier. The top of the moraine 
 commands a splendid view of the icefall of the glacier, with the Eimp- 
 fischhorn, Strahlhorn, and Stockhorn, and to the S.W. and W. of the 
 Matterhorn, Dent Blanche, Gabelhorn, Rothhorn, Weisshorn, etc. — We 
 return from the inn by the same path, descend at a (10 min.) fingerpost 
 to the (16 min.) bridge across the Findelenbach and re-a?cend to the vill- 
 age of (6 min.) Findelen, whence a bridle-path, affording a grand view of 
 the Matterhorn and the Zmutt Valley, descends to (40 min.) Winkelmatten 
 and (1/4 hr.) Zermatt. 
 
 Mountain ascents and passes from the Riffelhaiis, see p. 325. 
 
 To the *Sch.warzsee Hotel (8490'), a favourite excursion 
 (21/2-3 hrs.; mule-path, guide, 6 fr., unnecessary; horse 10 fr.). The 
 path , which as far as Hermattje is also the way to the Theodule 
 Pass, ascends the left bank of the Visp (after V4 hr., avoid descent 
 to the left to the Gorner Gorge), crosses the Zmuttbach by the upper 
 hridge (charming view of the finely wooded Zmutt Valley, with the 
 Matterhorn towering above it) and ascends to the hamlet of (3/4hr.) 
 Zum See (about 5900'). We now enter the Zmutt Valley to the 
 right, then (5 min.) diverge to the left from the path to theStaffel- 
 alp, and follow a good bridle-path through pine-wood. On leaving 
 the wood (20 min.; rfmts. at the chalets of Hermattje') we obtain a 
 splendid survey of the Gorner Glacier fp. 323), the Breithorn, and 
 Zwillinge. We here turn to the right (to the left the way to the 
 Theodule Pass, see below), and follow the winding bridle-path over 
 pastures, with a continuous view of the Gorner Glacier, Breithorn, 
 Lyskamm, and Monte Rosa, to the (1 hr.) '^Schxvarzsee Hotel (p. 322), 
 which is situated on a detached hill, high above the Furgg Glacier. 
 Below, 5 min. to the W., lies the little Schwarzsee (8385'). The view 
 from the hotel is scarcely inferior to that from the (Jroner Grat
 
 Breithorn. ZERMATT. V. Route 84 . 325 
 
 (comp. the Panorama, p. 322). A still finer view is commanded 
 from the *H6rnli (9490'; 1 lir. from the hotel; guide advisable for 
 the inexperienced), particularly of the stupendous Matterhorn. 
 
 The ascent from the Hornli to the hyv/er Matterhorn Hut (10,745'; I'/z hr., 
 with guide) is attractive for adepts, but somewhat laborious (comp. p. 327). 
 — An ejusy return-route from the Schwarzsec to Zermatt leads over the 
 Staffelalp (see below); a more interesting route (but suited only for those 
 of some experience) leads over the rock--strewn Furgg Glacier and the 
 crevassed Garner Glacier to (4 hrs.) the Riffelhaus (guide, including the 
 Hornli, 10 fr.). 
 
 To THE Thbodule Pass, 5-5V2^''s. (guide 10 fr.), usually com- 
 bined with the passage to Valtournanche (p. 338) or the ascent of 
 the Breithorn (see below). To (O^lir.) Hermdttje, see p. 324 (route 
 to the Schwarzsee). The The'odule route crosses the Furggbach (fine 
 waterfall a little farther up), and ascends the stony slopes in many 
 windings, very dusty in dry weather. On the right is the dirty Furgg 
 Glacier; above it towers the Matterhorn, which faces us the whole 
 way with varying outline. An ascent of 2 hrs. more brings us to 
 the moraine of the Upper Theodule Glacier (about 8855'), where the 
 bridle-path ceases. We may then either ascend the glacier (a good 
 deal crevassed, but presenting no difficulty ; rope necessary), to the 
 (I3/4-2 hrs.) Theodule Pass ; or (preferable) we may follow the path 
 to the left, over rocks and debris, to the (3/4 hr.) Gandegg Hut 
 (9800'; Inn, well spoken of), finely situated on the rocks of the 
 Leichenbretter, between the Lower and Upper Theodule Glaciers, and 
 thence ascend over the upper glacier to the (1 V4 ^r.) Theodule Pass 
 or Matter joch (jiO, 200'; small Inn with fourteen beds, plain; 'vin 
 brule" 21/2 fr.), to the S. of the Theodulhorn (11,395'), on the fron- 
 tier between Switzerland and Italy. View limited. Descent to Breuil 
 or Fierxj, see pp. 338, 337; ascent of the *Br€ithorn, see below. 
 
 To the StaflFelalp (81/2 hrs. from Zermatt and back ; without guide). Above 
 (3/4 hr.) Zum See the path diverges to the right from the Theodule route 
 (p. 324) and follows the right side of the deep Zmntt Vallei/^ through beautiful 
 stone-pine and larch wood, to the (2 hrs.) Staffelalp (7045'), commanding an 
 admirable view of the huge Matterhorn with its glacier, the rnck- strewn 
 Zmutt Glacier with the Stockje, the Stock Glacier and Tete Blanche, and 
 (r.) the Hohwang Glacier ; behind us, the Eimprischhorn, Strahlhorn, and 
 Stockhorn. From the Staftelalp to i\iQSdncavzseei^.'d1\). IVzbr. A shorter 
 way back (stony) leads by the hamlet oi Zmutt on the left side of the Zmutt- 
 bach, to which we cross by a bold bridge. 
 
 To the Findelen Glacier, 3 hrs. (guide 6 fr., unnecessary). We follow 
 the Rifl'el path to the (1/4 hr.) church of Winkelmatten (p. 323) and 
 ascend to the left through wood to i\.^/\\ir.)Findelen (6810') and the (>/•.' hr.) 
 Eggenalp (7180'), where the path divides ; both paths lead past the Stelli- 
 See (8343') to the (IV4 hr.) Fluh-Alp (8570'-, small Inn), whence the glacier 
 is well surveyed. — From Findelen to the Griinsee (Inn) and the Hotel 
 Riffelalp (IV2-2 hrs.), see p. 32i — Ascent of the Ober- Rothhom, Strahl- 
 horn, and Rinipfischhcrn, see p. 326; Adlev Pass, see p. 331. 
 
 Mountain Ascents from Zermatt or the Riffelhaus (guide-tariff 
 from Zermatt). 
 
 The 'Breithorn (13,685'), highly attractive, is ascended from Zermatt 
 without difficulty in 7V2-8 hrs. (guide 25, if the night be spent 30 fr.). We 
 follow the Theodule route to the (81/2 brs.) Gandegg Hut (see above) where 
 the night is spent (or at the inn on the TModule Pass). From the Gandegg
 
 326 V. Route 84. ZERMATT. Monte Rosa. 
 
 Hut we gradually ascend across the Upper Thiodule Glacier (leavinj: the 
 Theodule Pass on the right) and round the rocky peak of the Kleine 
 Matterhorn {Petit Mont- Cervin^ 12.752') to the Breithorn plateau, and lastly 
 mount a steeper slope of ice, where step-cutting is sometimes necessary, 
 to the top (4-41/2 hrs., from the Theodule Pass 2V2-3hrs.). Imposing '"View : 
 towards the W. towers the gigantic Matterhorn ; to the left of it Mont 
 Blanc; to the right of it the Dent Blanche, Grand Cornier, Gabelhorn, 
 Trifthorn, Rothhorn, Schallihorn, Weisshorn ; is. the Bernese Alps, the 
 Saasgrat (Balfrinhorn, Nadelgrat, Dom, Taschhorn, Alphubel), Allalinhorn, 
 Rimpfischhorn , Strahlhorn; E., Monte Rosa, Lyskamm, the Zwillinge; 
 S., the Graian Alps (Gran Paradiso and Grivola) and Mte. Viso. Descent 
 to the The'odule Pass 11/2-2 hrs. 
 
 The *Cima di Jazzi (12,525'), also easy (0-51/2 hrs. from the Riffelhaus ; 
 gxiide 15 fr.). From the Riffel we follow the Gorner Grat route to the 
 (I/2 hr.) Rolhe Boden (9120'), then turn to the right and skirt a steep slope 
 as far as the (IV4 hr.) Gorner Glacier, reaching it at the ''Gadmen' (8620'). 
 A gradual ascent on the ice brings us to the (1 hr.) Stockkmtbel (9955'), a 
 resting-place at the rocky base of the Stockhorn (11,595') ; thence 21/4 hrs. to 
 the summit. Superb view, but often hazy on the Italian side. Care must 
 be taken not to approach the overhanging snow on the E. (]Macugnaga) 
 side •, were it to give way, the traveller would be precipitated to a depth 
 of 3-4000'. If strength permits, we go on to the (1 hr.) J^''ew Weissihor Pass 
 (p. 328). whence the view of Macugnaga below, apparently only a stone's- 
 throw distant, is very striking. Back to the Riffel 3-4 hrs. — Descent to 
 Zermatt across the Findelen Glacier (p. 332) not recommended. 
 
 The Riflfelhorn (9615'), from the Riffelhaus 11/4 hr. (an interesting climb; 
 guide with rope 6 fr.), affords a fine survey of the Vispthal. 
 
 ~MetteIhorn (11,190'; 5 hrs. from Zermatt; guide 10 fr.), an admirable 
 point (Panorama by Imfeld). Bridle-path for 31/2 hrs. ; then over debris 
 and snow, not difficult. 
 
 TJnter-Gabelhom (11,150'; 5-6 hrs. from Zermatt; guide 20 fr.), only 
 for experts. We ascend the Triftthal to the (2 hrs.) Trift Inn (well spoken 
 of); thence for 3 hrs. over grass and debris, then through a steep couloir 
 generally filled with hard snow (step-cutting necessary), lastly a climb over 
 rocks. Beautiful view of the Matterhorn (quite near), the Dent Blanche, 
 Ober-Gabelhorn. Rothhorn, Weisshorn, Mischabel, Monte Rosa, Lyskamm, 
 Breithorn, and Mont Blanc in the distance. The Trift Inn is a starting- 
 point also for the Ober-Gabelhorn, Zinal-Rothhorn, Trifthorn, Triftjoch, etc. 
 (comp. p. 327). — *Wellenkuppe (12,830'; 4-5 hrs. from the Trift Inn), an 
 interesting climb, not difficult for adepts (guide 40 fr.). 
 
 Ober-Rothhorn (11.215'; 5 hrs. from Zermatt; guide 10 fr.), attractive 
 and not difficult. Ascent via Findelen (p. 825), the P,.othe Boden., and the 
 Furggje., to the E. of the Unter-Rothhorn (10,190': another easy ascent). — 
 Strahlhorn (13,760"; 8 hrs.; 30 fr.). up the Findelen and Adler Glaciers, and 
 Rimpfischhorn (13,790'; 8-9 hrs.; 35 fr.), by the Langenfluh GZacier, both 
 not very difficult. For the four last, the inn at the Fluh Alp (p. 325) 
 is a convenient starting-point. — Dom (14,940'; 10-11 hrs. from Randa; 
 60 fr.). verv toilsome, but without serious difficultv for adepts. From Randa 
 to the (41/2-5 hrs.) Dom Hut of the S. A. C. on the Feiii (9630') : then cross 
 the Festi Glacier and the arete which separates it from the Hohbtrg Glacier; 
 and lastly ascend over steep snow and ice to the (5-6 hrs.) summit. *View 
 one of the grandest among the Alps. 
 
 The Lyskamm or Silberbast (14,890'; guide 80 fr.), ascended by the 
 Lysjoch (p.. 323) in 9-10 hrs. from the Rift'elhaus, is difficult, and dangerous 
 on account of the snow cornice on the E. arete. (The ascent from the 
 Sella Hut by the S. arete is without danger, pp. 338 and 328. There is 
 also a fine, but difficult route from the Gnifetti hut.) 
 
 * Monte Rosa, HocJtste , or Dufour-Spitze (15,215'; 8-9 hrs. from the 
 Riffelhaus, there and back 14 hrs. ; two guides, 50 fr. each ; porter 85 fr.) was 
 first ascended by Messrs. Smith, Birkbeck, and Stephenson in 1855 (comp. 
 p. 380). For experts the ascent is free from danger or serious difficulty, 
 but it is attended with much fatigue, and requires a perfectly steady head. 
 The route descends below the Gorner Grat to the Gadmen rock (see above),
 
 Faases. ZERMATT. V. Route 64. 327 
 
 crosses the Gonier Glacier and the Monte Eosa Glacier., and then ascends 
 over rocks to the (3 hrs.) Untere Plattje (9810'), with the new Bitemps Hut 
 of the S. A. C. (built in 1893); then over snow to (1 hr.) Aufm Felsen 
 {Oberes Plattje., 10,970')- A^ain an ascent of 3 hrs. over snow, verj' steep at 
 places, to the Battel (14,285'), where the S. peaks of Monte Rosa are revealed. 
 We now (the most difficult part) ascend precipitous snow-aretes, and at 
 last gain the top (1-3 hrs., according to the state of the snow), by clamber- 
 ing over perpendicularly piled slabs of rock. '''View exceedingly grand 
 (panorama by Imfeld). ' The Dufoiir-Spitze may also be ascended from 
 the Grenz Glacier, by the S.W. face (only for adepts; guide tO fr.). — 
 Besides the Dufour peak, the follovi^ing also belong to the Monte Rosa group: 
 Nord-End (15,130'), Zumstein-Spitze (15,005'), Signal-Kuppe (Punta Onifetti; 
 14,965'; club-hut. see p. ?QQ), Parrot- Spitze (14,575'), Ludwigshdhe (14,250'), 
 Balmenhorn fl4,l85'), Schwarzhorn (13,895'), and Vincent- Pyramide (13,830'). 
 
 The Matterhorn, Fr. Mont Cervin (14,705'), was ascended for the first 
 time on 14th July, 1865, by Messrs. Whymper, Hudson, Hadow, and Lord 
 Francis Douglas, with the guides Michael Croz and the two Taugwalders. 
 In descending Mr. Hadow lost his footing not far from the summit, and 
 was precipitated along with 3Ir. Hudson , Lord Francis Douglas , and 
 Croz, to a depth of 4000' towards the Matterhorn Glacier. Mr. Whymper 
 and the two other guides escaped by the breaking of the rope. — Three 
 days later the ascent was again made by four guides from Breuil (p. 338), 
 and it is now frequently undertaken both from Zermatt and Breuil. The 
 rock has been blasted at the most difficult points, and a rope attached 
 to it , so that the most formidable difficulties have been removed ; but 
 even now the ascent should not be attempted by any but proficients, ac- 
 companied by guides of the first-class (100 fr.. with descent to Breuil 150 fr. ; 
 porter 70, to" the upper hut 15 fr.). The ascent takes 7-10 hrs., including 
 halts, from the Schwarzsee Hotel, where the preceding night is usually 
 spent: to the Matterhorn Hut at the beginning of the K.E. arete (10,7450, 
 2V2 hrs.; thence to the unserviceable upper hut (12,610') 3 hrs., and over 
 the SchuUer to the summit 2 hrs. more (excl. of halts). — The ascent from 
 Breuil (p. 338) is more difficult: over the Col du Lion (11,845') to the Cabane 
 de la Tour (12,7i"0') of the Italian Alpine Club in 5-6 hrs., and thence 
 by the Mauvais Pas, the Col Tyndall ^ the Cravate , with the old Italian 
 refuge-hut, and the Pic Tyndall to the top in 6-7 hrs. more. 
 
 Very difficult (for thorough experts only, with first-rate guides) : Ober- 
 Gabelhorn (13,365'; 8-9 hrs.; guide 70 fr.), from the Trifthiitte (p. 326) on 
 the E. side straight up (solid firm rock), finally crossing the narrow snow- 
 arete in the 'GabeF (no danger when the snow is in good condition). The 
 descent to Zinal is very difficult (comp. p. 317). — Zinal-Rothhom (Morning, 
 13.855'; 51/2-7 hrs.; 80fr.; ascent from Zinal, p. 317). — Weisshorn rl4,805'; 
 80 fr.), from Randa 10-11 hrs.: by the SchaUiberg - Alp to the Weisshorn 
 Hut on the Hohlicht (93800, where the night is passed, 4 hrs, ; thence up 
 the E. arete to the summit, 6-8 hrs. — Dent Blanche (14.320'; 80 fr.), from 
 the Stockje (p. 314), up the Wandfluhgrat in 8-10 hrs.; possible only if the 
 rocks are free from ice (comp. p. 814). — Dent d'Herens {Mont Tabor, 14,713'; 
 80 fr.), 7-8 hrs. from the Stockje, by the Tiefeninatten Joch (11,788'). 
 
 Passes. To Bkeuil in the Val Tournanche over the -Theodule Pass 
 (10,900'), 9-10 hrs., not difficult (guide 20 fr. •. see pp. 3'25, 338). 'The Theodule 
 Pass may also be reached from the Rift'elhaus (p. 323) via the Gorner 
 and Loioer Theodule Glaciers, or (easiest route) from the Schwarzsee Hotel 
 (p. 324) via the Furgg Glacier and the Upper Thiodule Glacier. Horse 
 from Zermatt to the Gandegg Hut (p. 325) 10 fr. Descent from the pass to 
 Fiery via the Cimes Blanches (guide 25 fr.), see p. 337. — To Breuil over the 
 Furggjoch (10,990'), to the E. of the Matterhorn, shorter but more difficult 
 than the Theodule Pass (the Schwarzsee Hotel is the best startinir-point, 
 sec p. 324) ; over the Col de Tournanche (11,380'), to the W. of the Matter- 
 horn, difficult (guide 40 fr.). 
 
 To FiEKY over the Schwarzthor (12.777'), 10-11 hrs. from theRilVel (guide 
 40 fr.), difficult. The track ascends the Gorner Glacier aud the crevassed 
 Schwdrze Glacier to the summit of the pass, between the Breithorn and 
 the Pollux, and descends the Verra Glacier and Klein-Verra Glacier to the
 
 328 V. Route 84. ZERMATT. 
 
 Val d'Ayas. Over the Zwillingsjoch (Vera Pass; about 13,100'), between 
 the Castor and Pollux, also difficult (guide 40 fr.). 
 
 To Gressosey over the Ltsjoch, 12-14 hrs. from the Riflfel, laborious 
 (guide 45 fr.). The Monte Rosa route is followed to the Plattje (p. 327), and 
 the right side of the crevassed Grenz Glacier ascended, skirting the slopes 
 of the Dufou7'-Spitze (heware of ice-avalanches), to the upper snow-basin of 
 the glacier, enclosed by a majestic amphitheatre of the peaks of Monte Rosa, 
 and the (6-7 hrs.) Lysjoch (14,040'), between the Lyskamm (14.890') and the 
 Ludwigshohe (14,250'), affording to the S. a superb *View of the plain of Pied- 
 mont enclosed Ijy the Apennines and the Maritime Alps. Descent across the 
 Lys Glacier (with the Vincent Pvramide, 13,920', rising on the left ; ascent 1 hr.), 
 to the (I1/2 hr.) Capanna Gnifeiti (11,965'; see p. 336) of the C. A, I. ; thence 
 either to the left across the Garstelet and Indren Glaciers to the (IV2 hr.) 
 Col delle Pisse (p. 335) ; or to the right bv the Garstelet Glacier to the 
 (lV2-2hrs.) Capanna Linty (10,300') and (81/2 hrs.) Gressoney-la-TriniU (p. 335). 
 — From the Riffel to Gressoney over the Felikjoch (13.515'), to the E. of 
 the Castor, difficvilt, and dangerous owing to frequent ice-avalanches ; 12 hrs. 
 to Gressonev-la-Trinite fguide 40 fr.). On the S. side of the pass, 2 hrs. 
 below it, is the Capanna Quintino Sella of the C. A. I. (11,910'); comp. p. 336. 
 
 To Alagna in the Val Sesia over the Sesia-Joch (13,85S'), between 
 the Signalkuppe and the Parrot-Spitze, and the Vigne Glacier, very dif- 
 ficult and dangerous (guide 60 fr.). Over the Piode-Joch (Ippolita Pass, 
 14,185'), between the Parrot-Spitze and the Ludwigshohe. also dangerous 
 (feasible in the reverse direction onlj', from the Bors Alp., p. 335, and up 
 the Piode Olacier). — All these passes are for experts only, with first-rate 
 guides. 
 
 To Macognaga over the New Weissthor (12,010'; 9-10 hrs.; guide 35 fr.). 
 The route as far as the pass (5 hrs. including the Cima di Jazzi, a di- 
 gression of 3/4-I hr. ; see p. 326) is an easy glacier-excursion. Beyond the 
 pass a farther ascent is made for a short distance over abrupt rocks ; 
 then a giddy descent, along perpendicular cliffs and over precipitous snow- 
 fields. The Capanna Eugenia Sella (p. 331) is reached in IV4-IV2 hr. from 
 the pass , and Macugnaga (p. 330) in 31/2 hrs. more. — The Old "Weiss- 
 thor (11,730'), between the Cima di Jazzi and the Fillarkuppe (12,070'), one 
 of the most difficult of Alpine passes, has of late years been crossed by 
 Messrs. Schlagintweit, Tyndall, Tuckett, and other mountaineers. Several 
 different routes : to the N. is the Jazzi Pass^ close by the Cima di Jazzi; to 
 the S. of it, on the Weissgrat, is the Jazzikopf., with the couloirs descend- 
 ing from it ; then the Old Weissthor proper, immediately to the N. of the 
 Fillarkuppe. Between the Fillarkuppe and the Jdgerhorn is the Fillar- 
 joch (about 11,800'), and between the Jagerhorn and the Nordend is the 
 Jdgerjoch (about 12,800'). Descent from all these to the Jazzi (or Casfelfranco) 
 Glacier exceedingly steep, and dangerous owing to falling stones (guide 
 40 fr.). — To Saas over the Schwarzberg- Weissthor, see p. 331. 
 
 To ZiNAL over the Triftjoch (11,615'; guide 35 fr.), difficult, see 
 p. 317; over the Col Burand (11,400'; 35 fr.), less difficult, but longer, 
 see p. 317; over the Morning Pass (12.-445') and the Schallijoch (12,305'), both 
 very difficult (guide 50 fr.), see p. 818. — To Evolena in the Val d'Hdrens 
 over the Col d'Htrens (11,415'; 35 fr.), less trying from this side than from 
 Evolena, see p. 814. To Aeolla over the Col de Bertol (10,925'; 30 fr.), 
 laborious, see p. 313; over the Col de ValpeUine and Col du Mont BrUU 
 (10,£00'; 30fr.), see p. 313. — To Chermontane over the Col de Valpel- 
 line, Col du Mont BrUU, Col de VEveque, and Col de Chermontane (the 
 'Hish-level Route'; 60 fr.), a long day's journey. To Valpellina over the 
 Colde ValpeUine (11,685'; guide 35 fr.), see p. 285. — To Chatillon in 
 the Aosta Valley over the Thiodule Pass (10,900'), easy; guide to Breuil 
 15 fr. ; see p. 338. — The Schicarzthor, Lysjoch., and Weissthor. see above. — 
 To THE Saas Valley six glacier-passes: the Schwarzlerg-Weissthor (i.i..Q50':, 
 guide 30 fr.), Adler Pass (12.460'; 30 fr.), Allalin Pass (11,715'; 30 fr.). Fee 
 Pass (12,505'; 30 fr.), Alphubel-Joch (12,475'; 35 fr.), and Mischabel-Joch 
 (12,650' ; 35 fr.) ; comp. pp. 331-333. The last four are facilitated by the 
 inn on the Tdsch-Alp (p. 333).
 
 329 
 
 85. From Piedimulera to Macugnaga, and over 
 the Moro Pass to Saas and Visp. 
 
 Cornp. Maps, pp. 310^ o'20, 296. 
 
 19-20 hrs. From Piedimulera (p. 442) to Macugnaga 61/4 hrs. (to Ponte- 
 graiide 2 hrs. , Vanzone V4, Ceppomorelli 1, Prequartero Vs, Pestarena 
 11/4, Borca 1/2, Macugnaga 1/2 br.) ; back in 5 hrs. (to Vanzone 81/2, Pie- 
 dimulera IV2 hrs.)- Carriage- road as far as Ceppomorelli. From Ma- 
 cugnaga to the Moro Pass 4, descent to Saas 4'/2, to Visp 4V2 hrs. (In 
 the reverse direction: from Visp to Stalden I3/4 hr., Balen 23/4, Saas 1, Al- 
 magell */4, Im Lerch IV2, JIattmark 1, Distelalp Vii Moro Pass 2, descent to 
 JIacugnaga 3 hrs.). — Guide unnecessary, except for the Moro Pass (from 
 Macugnag' to the Mattmarkalp 12, to the Thiiliboden 8fr.). In the reverse 
 direction it is advisable to engage a guide at Saas, as guides are seldom 
 found at Mattmark (from Saas by Fee to Matfmark, and to Macugnaga 
 next day, 15 fr.). Horse from Visp to Saas 20, from Saas to Mattmark 
 10 fr. ; one-horse carriage from Piedimulera to Ceppomorelli 10-12 fr. 
 
 The Moro Pass was the usual Alpine bridle-path from the Valais to Italy 
 before the construction of the Simplon road, but is now frequented by 
 pedestrians only. Its great attraction consists in the immediate proximity 
 of Monte Rosa , especially near Macugnaga , and the views will compare 
 with the finest in the Chamonix region and in the Bernese Oberland. Trav- 
 ellers coming from Visp had better spend the night at the 3Iattmark 
 Inn, as they will then be able to reach the Moro Pass before the noon- 
 day mists rising from the valleys obscure the view. 
 
 Piedimulera (795'), see p. 443. The road ascends the *Val 
 d'Anzasca, passes through two tunnels, and skirts fertile and vine- 
 clad slopes overlooking the Anza. Charming and varied views. 
 11/2 M. Gozzi di Sotto (r280') belongs to Cimamulera , which lies 
 above, to the right. We obtain a temporary glimpse of the Monte 
 Rosa group shortly before we reach (lV'2 M.) the fonsiderable vill- 
 age of Castiglione d'Ossola (168')'). Near (II/2 ^I-) Calasca , with 
 the pretty Antroyna Fall (to the right) the road descends to the 
 Anza. Near (I'/i M-) Pontegrande {Hot. du Grand Pont, clean), 
 where Monte Rosa again becomes visible, the stream descending 
 from the Val Bianca forms a waterfall. On the hill opposite, on the 
 right bank of the Anza, lies Bannio (2237' ; Osteria del Pino, very 
 plain). (Over the Col di Baranca to Fobello , and over the Col 
 d'Egua to Carcoforo, see p. 445.) 
 
 The road ascends past S. Carlo (1890'), with its large church, 
 near which are some gold-mines worked by an English company, 
 to (21/4 M.) Vanzone (2220' ; pop. 470 ; Alb. del Cacciatori del Morite 
 Rosa, plain ; Ristor. delle Alpi), the chief village in the valley. The 
 (1/4 hr.) chapel conmiands a superb view of Monte Rosa. The road 
 ends at (3 M.) Ceppomorelli (2427'; Hot. des Alpes , R. & A. 2, 
 B. 1-1 V2 t^-i Mondo d'Oro), wliere the bridle-path begins (mule 
 to Macugnaga 10 fr.; road under construction). Near [20min.) Pre- 
 quartero a path diverging to the right crosses the Mondelli Pass 
 (9320') to the Saas Valley (p. 331), but commands no view of Monte 
 Rosa. Near (20 min.) Campioli the path crosses the Anza, ascends 
 the rather steep hill to (7-2 ^^■) t^ie hamlet of Morghen (small Inn), 
 and again descends to the stream. Near Pestarena we keep to the 
 right where the path divides.
 
 330 V. Route 85. MACUGNAGA. From Piedimukra 
 
 At (40min.) Pestarena {Albergo delle Alpi, well spoken of; Alb. 
 dei Minieri^ plain) are gold-mines. Near (25 min.) Borca (3945' j 
 *Fiasclietteria Toscana, R. 1 fr.), the first village where German is 
 spoken, a fine waterfall descends from the Val Quarazza on the left 
 (p. 334), and a little farther on Monte Eosa is fully revealed for the 
 first time. 
 
 The parish of Macugnaga consists of six different villages: 
 Borca , In der Stapf (or Staffa), Zum Strich (or Pratti\ Auf der 
 Rive (or Rippd)^ Das Dorf (or La Villa}^ and Zertannen (or Pecetto). 
 Staffa lies IV2 ^I- from Borca; the other villages are only a few- 
 minutes' walk apart. The hamlet Zum Strich is generally named 
 Macugnaga (M2b'-, ^Hot. Monte Rosa, kept hy Lochmatter, R. & A. 3, 
 B. V/o^ ^- 5fr-; *JJot. Monte Moro, kept by Oberto. same charges; 
 Albergo Belvedere, plain, next the post-office). The village is situated 
 in a pleasant grassy dale, enclosed by a majestic ampitheatre of snow- 
 clad mountains: (1.) the four peaks of Monte Bosa: Signalkuppe 
 (Punta Gnifetti; 14.965'), Zumsteinspitze (15,005'), Hochste (or Z>u- 
 four) Spitze{ib.2i6'), and Nord-End (15,130'); then the Jdgerhorn 
 (13,040'), FUlarkuppe (12,070'), Old Weissthor (11,730'), Cima di 
 Jazzi (12,525'), New Weissthor (12,010'), Roffelhorner (11,690'), 
 Rothhorn (10,620'), and Faderhorn (10,550'). The church of the old 
 'village' (the greater part of which was burled by a landslip), built 
 in the 16th cent., with the old communal linden-tree, is worth a 
 visit (10 min. from the Hot. Monte Rosa). Among the interesting 
 tomb-stones are those of the guides Imseng and Pedranzini, who 
 perished on Monte Rosa iu 1881 with D. Marinelli. 
 
 EsccKsioxs. (Guides, L. Burge/ier, Clemens Imseng. G. Oberto, L. Zur- 
 briggen, etc.) From the 'Belvedere (6340'), 2 hrs. above Macugnaga, to the 
 W., this amphitheatre is surveyed at a glance from summit to base ; and the 
 view embraces the parish of Macugnaga with its pastures and fields, the larch- 
 forest on the right side, and the grassy slopes above them. Guide hardly 
 necessary. From the hotels we pass the old church of Macugnaga (see above), 
 and proceed in the direction of the church of the uppermost hamlet of Zer- 
 tannen or Pecetto, where a guide-post directs us to the right to the Weissthor 
 and to the left to the Belvedere. In about 1 4 hr. we cross the Anza, and after 
 10 min, walking over loose stones, a second bridge, and then follow a good 
 path through bushes and pastures to the woodclad hill, which separates 
 the two tongues of the Macugnaga Glacier Gast V* ^^- steep). — Ovek 
 THE Macugkaga Glaciee TO THE Petkiolo Alp (there and back 6 hrs. 5 
 guide 6 fr.), repaying. About 1/4 hr. above Zertannen we ascend to the 
 right (leaving the Belvedere path on the left), over the RoffeUtafel Alp 
 (where the route to the New Weissthor diverges to the right), to the 
 Jazzi-Alp; then past the Fillar Alp (above which to the right is the Castel- 
 franco Glacier, crossed on the way to the Old Weissthor^ to the Macugnaga 
 Glacier, and across the latter (superb view) to the (3 hrs.) Petriolo-Alp 
 (6730'; milk). We return either by the high-lying Croza Alp, or by a shorter 
 route across the glacier, the S. arm of which is called the Petriolo Glacier, 
 passing the Belvedere (see above). 
 
 Pizzo Bianco (10,190'; 5-6 hrs.; guide 10 fr.), a splendid point of view, 
 fatiguing but without danger; last hour over steep snow. 
 
 Monte Rosa, Eochete or Dufourspitze (15,215'), very difficult and haz- 
 ardous from Macugnaga (first time, 1872). The night is'spent in the (7 hrs.) 
 Capanna Marinelli of the I. A. C. (10,oOJ') on the Jagerriicken. Thence to 
 the Dafoarspitze 9-10 hrs. (p. 328).
 
 to Visp. MATTMARK ALP. V. Route 85. 331 
 
 To Zekmatt over the New "Weissthob (12,010*5 guide 35, porter 25 fr.; 
 10-12 hrs. from Macugnaga to the Riflfel Inn, p. 328), a grand route for ad- 
 epts with good guides, without danger or serious difficulty. About 5 hrs. 
 from Macugnaga and 1V2-2 hrs. below the pass is the Capanna Eugenio Sella 
 of the Ital. Alpine Club (about 10,503'), grandly situated at the margin of 
 the large Roffel Glacier. — The Old Weissthou (11,730'), very difficult 
 (guide 40 fr.), is better from this side than from Zermatt; see p. 323. 
 
 Fkom Macugnaga to Axagna over the Col del Turlo or the Col delle 
 Loccie, see p. 334; to Carcofoeo over the Pas'^o della Moriana or the Col 
 della Bottiglia., see p. 445; to Rima by the Col del Piccolo Altare., see p. 445. 
 
 The path to the More Pass leads to the old church (p. 330), and 
 then ascends to the right through larch-wood, over stony pastures, 
 past the Galkeme Alp (6890' ; milk) , and lastly over rock and a 
 shelving patch of snow. The (4 hrs.) *Moro Pass (9390'), between 
 (1.) Mo7ite Moro (9803') and (r.) the St. Joderhorn (9970'), affords 
 an admirable survey of the grand Monte Rosa group to the S.W., 
 flanked by (1.) the Punta delle Loccie , Pizzo Bianco, and Faller- 
 horn, and (r.) the Fillarkuppe, Old Weissthor, Cima di Jazzi, and 
 Roffelhorner ; to the N. are the valley of Saas and the Mischabel, with 
 the Bietschhorn in the background. 
 
 The St. Joderhorn (9970'), to the E. of the pass, a still finer point of 
 view, may be ascended without difficulty in 3/i lir. 
 
 We descend by the side of the Thdlliboden Glacier by rude steps 
 of rock, the remains of the old bridle path, to the (8/4 hr.) Thdlli- 
 boden (8190'), a small moss-grown plain at the foot of the glacier, 
 ■where the route from the Mondelii Pass (p. 329) comes down on the 
 right. Towards the N.W.the Mischabelhorner (Dom and Taschhorn) 
 are revealed; nearer are the Allalinhorn, Innere Thurm,and Strahl- 
 horn. Crossing the Thdllibach (above, to the left, the Seewinen 
 Glacier), we next reach (3/4 hr.) the chalets of the Distelalp (7190') 
 and the (1/2 hr.) Hotel Mattmark (6965'; homely, R. & A. 3V-2, 
 D. 4-5 fr.; not open before July) on the Mattmark Alp, 10 min. 
 from the upper end of the light-green little Mattmark Lake. Down 
 to 1818 the Schivarzberg Glacier extended across the bed of the lake, 
 but afterwards receded, leaving behind it its moraines and a huge 
 block of serpentine called the Blaue Stein to mark its former extent. 
 It is now only visible high up above the cliffs. 
 
 From JIattmark to Antrona (and Domo d'Ossola) over the Antigine or 
 Ofenthal Pass (guide 15 fr.), see p. 303. — The SteUihom (11,393'), ascended 
 from the Mattmark Inn by the O/enlhal in 41/2 hrs. (guide 15 fr.), affords 
 an imposing view of the Eastern Alps. 
 
 Glacier Passes to Zermatt, for mountaineers, with good guides: 
 
 The Schwarzberg- Weissthor (11,650'; 10 hrs. ; guide 30 fr.). The route 
 skirts the left side of the Schwarzberg Glacier, ascending rock and moraine, 
 and crossing the crevassed glacier to the (4-5 hrs.) pass, lying to the S. of 
 the Strahlhorn. (The New Weissthor, leading from Zermatt to Macugnaga 
 lies farther S. ; comp. p. 328.) From this point to the Riffel, see p. 326. 
 
 The Adler Pass (12,460'; 11-12 hrs. ; guide 30 fr.). From the inn we 
 cross the Thiillibach to the chalets of the Mattmark Alp, and ascend ra- 
 pidly below the Schwarzberg Glacier (see above) and past the Schwarzen- 
 herg Chalets (7SC0'). In 2 hrs. we reach the Allalin Glacier at a height of 
 9435', and ascend on its E. margin to the (•/•.: br.) Aeussere Thurm (9945') 
 and (3/4 hr.) the Innere Thurm (10,880'). We now turn to the W., to the 
 middle of the glacier, where the route divides. To the right, crossing iu
 
 332 V. Route 85. SAAS. From Piedimulera 
 
 the direction of the Allalinhorn (13,235'), is the route to the Allalin Pass 
 (see helow), while we ascend steeply in a straight direction to the (2-3 hrs.) 
 Adler Pass^ between (1.) the Strahl/iorn (13,750'; from the pass in I1/2 hr.) 
 and (r.) the Rimpfischhorn (13,790'). The view of Jlonte Rosa and the Mat- 
 terhorn is very striking, but the view to the 1^. and N.W. is shut out by 
 the Rimpfischhorn. Descent across the Adler Glacier to the foot of the 
 Rimpfischwdnge. difficult in certain states of the snow ; we then skirt the 
 latter, crossing rock and moraine, and next traverse the Findelen Glacier 
 to the (3 hrs.) Fluh-Alp (8570'; Inn), 21/2 hrs. from Zermatt (p. 325). — Hr. 
 v. Grote (p. 822), a Russian traveller, lost his life in 1859 by falling into 
 a crevasse of the Findelen Glacier. 
 
 The Allalin or Tasch Pass (11,715'; 10-12 hrs.; guide 30 fr.) is some- 
 times impracticable owing to the crevasses of the upper Allalin Glacier. 
 From the Innnere Thurm (see above) to the top 2 hrs.; descent over the Mel- 
 lichen Glacier^ and along the N. base of a ridge separating the latter from 
 the Wand Glacier, to the Mellichen Valley. Thence to Zermatt, p. 333. 
 
 Below the Mattmark Lake, from-wMch the Saaser Visp issues, the 
 superb Allalin Glacier descends to the valley. The moraine contains 
 "blocks of 'gabbro' , mingled with smaragdite , like those common 
 in "W. Switzerland, but hitherto found nowhere as ingredients of 
 the soil except on the Saasgrat; whence geologists infer that the 
 glaciers of this region once extended to the Jura. 
 
 The path descends from theN. end of the lake over the debris of 
 a moraine, past the ruined chapel of Im Lerch (6380'), to the stony 
 Eyenalp, looking back from which we enjoy a last view of the Alla- 
 lin Glacier in all its grandeur, and (I72 ^i^O Zermeiggern. (5630'), 
 with its pleasant pastures , at the influx of the Furggbach into the 
 Visp. To the left, high above us, are the glittering snow-flelds of 
 the Allalinhorn (p. 333). By the (1/4 hr.) church of Almagell (5510'; 
 where the path from the Antrona Pass descends on the right, p. 303), 
 a direct path to (2/4 hr.) Fee (see below) crosses the Visp to the left. 
 On the right the Almagellbach forms a fine waterfall. 
 
 1 hr. Saas im Grund (5125'; *H6t. Monte Moro, R., L., & A. 
 3-4, D. 4, pens. 6 fr.), the principal place in the valley. Eng, Ch. 
 Service in summer in St. Augustine's Church, adjoining the hotel. 
 
 A bridle-path leads from Saas to theW., crossing the Visp and ascend- 
 ing through wood, past the chapel of St. Joseph., to (3/4 hr.) Saas-Fee (5900'; 
 "Hdt.-Pens. du Bom; -Grand-H6t. Bellevue, R., L., & A. 4, lunch 3, D. 5, pens, 
 rom 7 fr.; both well adapted for a stay of some time), charmingly situated 
 amidst pastures, with a magnificent view of the Fee Glacier^ environed by the 
 Mittaghorn., Egginerhorn, Allalinhorn., Alphubel, Tdschhorn, Dom. Siid-Lem- 
 spitze, and Ulrichshorn in a wide amphitheatre. To the E. rise the Weissmies 
 with the Ti'iftgrat, the Laquinhorn., and the Fletschhorn. Between the two arms 
 of the Fee Glacier, 1 hr. from Fee, lies the Gletscheralp (7008'; small 
 restaurant), a pasture once surrounded by the glacier (interesting; to the 
 top of the Lange Fluh 2 hrs. more). — A direct path leads from Fee to Al- 
 magell (see above), so that a visit to Fee forms but a short digression from 
 the route between Visp and Mattmark. 
 
 Excursions and Ascents. (Guides at Saas and Fee: Theodor, Adolph, 
 and Joh. Peter Andenmatten, Clemens Zurhriggen., Alois and Abraham Imseng, 
 Ambr. and Alphons Supersaxo, J. M. Blumenthal.) Pleasant walks on the 
 pastures and in the wood near Fee, and in the romantic gorge of the 
 Feekinn. The Gletscheralp and Lange Fluh, see above. The Platfje (8460'), 
 by the Gaden-Alp, 2 hrs., and the Alellig (8812'), by the Eannig-Alp, 2 hrs., 
 are interesting and not difficult (guide unnecessary). — The Triftalp (6S15'), 
 IV2 hr. above Saas, on the E. side of the valley, affords an excellent survey
 
 to Visp. SAAS. V. Route 85. 333 
 
 of the Saasgrat from Mte. 3Ioro to the Balfrinhorn. — Mittaghorn (10,330'; 
 4 hrs. ; guide 10 fr.), and Egginerhorn (11,080'; 5 hra.^ 20 fr.), both very inter- 
 esting and not difficult. — Allalinhorn (13.285'; 8-9 hrs.; 25 fr.), trying, but 
 without difficulty for experts. Above the (.3 hrs.) Lange Fluh we diverge to 
 the left from the Alphubel route, ascend to the (4-5 hrs.) Fee Pass (12,505') 
 and to the left to the (3/4 hr.) summit (magnificent view). — The Alphubel 
 (13,800'; guide over the Alphubeljocfi 85 fr., over the Mischabeljoch 40 fr.); 
 the Nadelhorn {West-Letizspitze, 14,22U'; guide 40 fr.), and the Siid-Lenz- 
 spitze (14,105' -, guide over the Lemjoch 80 fr., over the Eggfluh 100 fr.) 
 may also be ascended from Fee by experts (difficult). The ascents of the 
 Tdschhorn (14,460') and the Dom (14,940') on this side are dangerous from 
 falling stones and are not recommended. — Ulrichshorn (12,890'), from 
 the Ried Pass (see below) 1 hr. (or from Fee 6 hrs.; guide 30 fr.), and 
 Balfrinhorn (12,475'), from Saas up the Bider Glacier and Balenfirn 6 hrs., 
 or from the Ried Pass 3/4 hr. (guide 80 fr.), both without difficulty. — 
 Stellihorn (11,393'), by the Mattmark-Alp (7 hrs. ; guide 20 fr.), see p. 331. 
 
 — Sonnighorn, orBottarello (11,455), by the Fur gg Alp (7 hrs.; guide 25 fr.), 
 toilsome. — Latelhorn (10,525'; 5V'^6hrs.: guide 15 fr.), not difficult. Bridle- 
 path through the Furgglhal to the (4 hrs.) Anirona Pass (p. 303); thence to 
 the left to the (I1/2 hr.) summit. — Weissmies (13,225'), up the Triftgrdtli 
 and Trift Glacier (8-10 hrs.; guide 40 fr.), laborious, but without danger. 
 Better to ascend by \\i& Almageller Alp (7175'; clean chalets; spend night) 
 to the Zwisc/ibergen Pass (p. 302), and thence by the S. arete to the top; 
 then descend across the Trift Glacier. 
 
 From Saas to Zkkmatt by the Weissihor, Adler, or Allalin Pass, p. 331. 
 
 The Alphubeljoch (12.475'; 10-11 hrs. to Zermatt; guide 35 fr.) is longer, 
 but less difficult and much finer than the passes just mentioned. From Fee 
 1 hr. to the Gletscher-Alp (7008') ; then a steep ascent to the (1 hr.) Lange Fluh, 
 a ridge of rock across which we climb. In 1 hr. we reach the magnificent i^ee 
 Glacier, at a height of about 9200', and ascend it rather rapidly, the very 
 wide crevasses necessitating many digressions. Farther on we ascend 
 gradually over snow to the (3 hrs.) pass, S.E. of the Alphubel (13,800'), and 
 obtain a splendid view of the Matterhorn, Weisshorn, etc. Descent over the 
 Wand Glacier, and then over rock, moraine, and grassy slopes to the 
 Obere and (3 hrs.) Untere Tdsch Alp (7270; small Inn, well spoken of) in 
 the Mellichen Valley. A direct but disagreeable forest-path leads hence to 
 the left, round the .slope, to Zermatt in IV2 hr.; better to descend to ('/a hr.) 
 Tdsch (p. 321) and follow the road (or by train) thence to (4 M.) Zermatt. 
 
 — A similar pass is the Fee Pass (12,505'), between the 3Iellichenhorn and 
 Allalinhorn (12 hrs. from Saas to Zermatt, guide 30 fr.). 
 
 Fkosi Fee to Zermatt over the Mischabeljoch (12,650'; 12 hrs.; guide 
 35 fr.), between the Taschhorn and Alphubel , fatiguing , hut not very 
 difficult for adepts. Over the Domjoch (14,060'; 13 hrs.; 40 fr.), between 
 the Taschhorn and Dom, and over the Nadeljoch (13,1370'; 15 hrs. ; 40 fr.), 
 between the Dom and the Siid-Lenzspitze, both very difficult and dangerous 
 from falling stones. Over the Lenzjoch (about 12,200'), between the Sud- 
 Lenzspitze and IS'adelhorn, grand but difficult. 
 
 From Fee to Mattmaek over the Egginer Pass (about 9840') between 
 the Mittaghorn and Egginerhorn, 7-8 hrs., with guide, not difficult for 
 experts. 
 
 From Fee to St. IS^iklaus over the Hied Pass (12,050'; 11-12 hrs.; 
 guide 30 fr.), difficult. The route leads from Fee to the (1 hr.) Alp Han- 
 nig (7065'; p. 332) and ascends steeply, to the left of the Mellig, over the 
 Hochbalen Glacier and the rocks of the Gemshorn to the pass, between (r.) 
 the Balfrinhorn (12.475') and (1.) the Ulrichshorn (12,890'), both of which 
 may be ascended from the pass (see above). Descent over the Ried Glacier to 
 the Schalbett Alp (6915) and by Hellenen to St. Niklans (p. 321). — A similar 
 pass is the Windjoch (10,660'), between the Ulrichshorn and Nadelhorn. 
 
 From Saas to the Simplon over the Laquinjoch, the Rossbodenpass, the 
 Simeli Pass, or the Gamserjoch see p. 301. To Gondo over i\\& Ztcischbergen 
 Pass, p. 3CQ. To Domodossola by the Anirona Pass, p. 303. 
 
 Below Saas is a defile between wild masses of rO( k, in which
 
 334 V. Route 86. TURLO PASS. 
 
 lies the chapel of St. Anton (5115'). Crossing the Yisp we reach 
 the village of (3y'^ hr.) Balen (5025'), in a fertUe valley at the E. 
 base of the Balfrinhorn (12,475'), and then (20 min.) recross the 
 stream. Farther on we pass a fine v^aterfall of the Schweibacli, 
 descending from the Balenfirn, and (20 min.) return by the Boden- 
 hrucke to the left bank. The ravine presents a succession of wild 
 rocky scenes, enlivened with foaming waterfalls. At the (10 min.) 
 Hiitegg or Eisten is a small hotel (good wine) ; 20 min. , village of 
 Zenschmiden (3555'). Near Stalden the Saaser Visp falls into the 
 Gorner Visp (p. 320), which we cross by the Kinnbrilcke (2560'), 
 a bridge 160' high. On the hill to the right is the small church of 
 Staldenried. — 1 hr. Stalden, and thence to Visp, see p. 320. 
 Travellers from Stalden to Saas should observe that after crossing 
 the Kinnbriicke their path leads to the left beyond two chalets. 
 
 86. From Macugnaga to Zermatt round Monte Rosa. 
 
 Four Days: 1st. Over the Turlo Pass to Alagna. 2nd. Over the Col 
 dWlen to Gressoney-la-Triniti. 3rd. Over the Betta fovea to Fiery ^ and over 
 the Col des Cimes Blanches to the Thiodule Pass. 4th. Ascent of the Breit- 
 horn, and descent to Zermatt. (Or: 1st day, to Riva-., 2nd, over the Col 
 di Valdobbia to Gressoney-St. Jean; 3rd, over the Pinter joch to Fiery; 4th, 
 over the Thiodule Pass to Zermatt.) Guide 8-10 fr. per day; the paths over 
 the Col di Valdobbia, Bettaforca and Col des Cimes Blanches are also 
 practicable for mules. Less robust walkers who wish to avoid the Turlo 
 Passmay from Pontegrande (p. 329) cross the Col di Baranca to Fobello and 
 Varallo^ and reach Alagna thence through the Fa^ Sesia in 2-3 days, an easy 
 route (comp. p. 445). 
 
 From Macugnaga to Alagna over the Turlo Pass, 9-10 hrs., 
 fatiguing and not very interesting. Below Macugnaga (1/4 hr.) we 
 quit the path to Borca (p. 330), cross the Anza to the hamlet of 
 Jsella, and ascend a wooded hill to the (1 hr.) chalets of Spissa, at 
 the entrance to the rock-strewn Val Quarazza, which we enter to 
 the right. The slopes are wooded, and several waterfalls are pass- 
 ed on each side. The path, at first level, afterwards ascends a 
 rocky barrier, and (1 hr.) crosses to the right bank of the stream 
 to (1/2 hr.) La Piana, the highest Alp (5978'). Opposite, on the 
 W. side of the valley, the discharge of the Loccie Glacier forms 
 a fine waterfall (La Pissa). Ascending more rapidly, the path 
 describes a wide bend round the desolate head of the valley, passes 
 (•74 hr.) a ruined hut (6560'), and comes to an end. We next climb 
 steep grass-slopes, and lastly rocks and snow-slopes, to the (2 hrs.) 
 Turlo Pass (9090'), a sharp ridge with a cross, between (r.) the 
 Fallerhorn (10,300') and (1.) the Piglimohorn (9470')- Descend- 
 ing over an expanse of snow and poor stony pastures, we enjoy a 
 fine view of the Sesia Glacier , the Signalkuppe , and the Parrot- 
 Spitze. We pass the small Turlo Lakes and the Alp Faller, and 
 descend to the Alp lazza and the Val Sesia (21/0-3 hrs. to the Sesia 
 bridge). A good path now leads on the right bank of the stream, past 
 the deserted gold-mine of S. Maria Maddalena to (^^hr.) Alagna
 
 GRESSONEY. V. Route 86. 335 
 
 (3955'; *n6t. Monte Rosa, R. 2V2, B. 11/2, I>- 3V2 ^r- ; ^^i- Weiss- 
 horn, well spoken of), frequented by Italians as a summer resort. 
 
 Fkom Macugnaga to Alagna over the CoUe delle Loccie (11,965'), 14-15 
 hrs., difficult; for proficients only, with good guides (40 fr.). A toilsome 
 and even hazardous climb of 8-10 hrs., over the Petriolo Alp (p. 330) and 
 the crevassed Macugnaga Glaciei\ to the pass, between Punta delle Loccie 
 and the Cima delta Fissa (12,475'). Descent over the Vigne Glacier to the 
 Vigne-Alp and Pile Alp (see below). 
 
 Excursions (guides, G. Barone , Franc, and Giov. Bottoni, M. Cerini, 
 G. Gilardi.) Up the Val Sesia to the (2 hrs.) =Pile Alp (5300'; superb 
 survey of the S.E. peaks of Monte Rosa) ; then to the (3/4 hr.) Alp Bors and 
 (V2 hr.) Alp Decco. (Over the Col delle Pisse to Gressoney, see below.) — 
 The Corno Bianco (10,945'; 5-6 hrs. ; 12 fr.), a difficult peak, with fine view of 
 Monte Rosa and the Graian Alps, is ascended either from Alagna or Gress- 
 oney. — Towards the E., two passes lead from Alagna to (51/2-6^2 hr.) Rima 
 in the Val Piccola (p. 445): the Colle Moud (7447') to the N. of the Taglia- 
 ferro (9730'), and the Bocchetta Moanda (7935') on its S. side (preferable). — 
 To Zermatt over the Lysjoch, the Sesia- Jock and the Fiodejoch, see p. 328. 
 — From Alagna to Mollia and Varallo^ see p. 445. 
 
 From Alagna to Gressonby-la-Tb,inite over the Col d'Ol- 
 BN, 61/2-'' hrs., attractive and easy (bridle-path; guide, 14 fr., 
 unnecessary, but enquire for the beginning of the path). We as- 
 cend to the W. through meadows and wood, passing several groups 
 of houses, to the (2 hrs.) Alp Seon or Laglietto, cross the brook, and 
 mount pastures and afterwards over debris to the (2'/2 hrs.) Col 
 d'Olen (9420'; '^Guglielminas Inn). View towards the N.W. very 
 tine. The *Gemsstein, or Corno del Camoscio (9928'), to the N., 
 easily ascended from the pass in 25 min., affords a striking view of 
 Monte Rosa, Mont Blanc, the Grand Combin, the Graian Alps, and 
 Monte Viso. — We descend from the Col by a good path, to the 
 Oabiet-Alp with its little lake, into the Val Gressoney or Lysthal, 
 to (2 hrs.) Orsia (5740'] and (20 min.) Gressoney-Ia-Trinite, Ger. 
 Oberteil (5370'; *H6t€l Thedy, R. 2, D., incl. wine, 4, pens. 71/2 fr.). 
 A cart-road de.scends the picturesque valley by Castel, Perletoa., and 
 Chemonal to (31/2 M.) Gressoney-St. Jean (4495'; *H6t. De la Pierre, 
 R. & A. 21/2, pens. 81/2 fr-; Hot.-Pens. du Mont-Rose), the capital of 
 the valley, the upper part of which is German. 
 
 From Alagna to Gressoney over the Colle delle Pisse (10,374'), 9-lOhrs., 
 rather fatiguing. The route leads via the Sioffel-Alp and the Bocchetta 
 della Pisse (7877'), round the N. side of the Getmstein (see above), into 
 the Bors Valley (to the right the Bors Glacier., with a fine waterfall), 
 and thence in 5-6 hrs. to the pass, with the ruined Vincent Hiitte. (Hence 
 to the Colle d'Olen, 1 hr.; to the Gnifetti Club-hut over the Jndren and 
 Garstelet Glaciers 2 hrs., see p. 323.) Descent by a good path to the left 
 through the J/o» Valley to the Gabiet-Alp and (3V2 hrs.) Gressoney -la- 
 TriniU (see above). 
 
 An easier route is across the Col di Valdobbia (8300'), from Riva Val- 
 dobbia (2 M. below Alagna, p. 445) to Gressoney-St. Jean (7 hrs.; guide 
 14 fr.). A road ascends the Val Vogna to the (V2 hr.) Ca' di Janzo (4593'; 
 ■^Alb. & Pens. Alpina), whence the bridle-path via (3 M.) Peccia (5023'), 
 mounts steeply to the right to the (2 lirs.) the Ospizio Sottile on the col. The 
 view is limited, but we enjoy a charming survey of the Val Gressoney with 
 its rich pastures , pine -clad slopes, and waterfalls. Steep descent over 
 snow and stones, then through pine-forest, to (I'/ahr.) Gressoney-St. Jean. 
 Excursions from Gressoney (guides, (.'. Cugnod, Val. Laurent, G. ifon-
 
 336 V.Route86. COLLE DI BETTAFORCA. 
 
 ierin, S. G. Vicquery , Al. Welf). Beautiful view from the (1 hr.) Bodm- 
 Alp at the foot of the Grauhorn and from the promontory of Castel^ half- 
 way to St. Jean. — Interesting excursion via (2 hrs.) Cortlys (Cour de 
 Lps., 6570') to the (1 hr.) plateau of the Alps Salza inferiore and snperiore 
 (766T'). aflording a splendid view of the Lvs Glacier. — The Hohes Licht 
 (11,635'), ascended from the (3 hrs.) Lini'j/ Hut (10,300'; very small) in 
 1 hr., is another fine point. — Two club-huts of the C. A. I. are useful 
 for glacier expeditions. From the Gnifetti Hut (11,965'), at the W, side 
 of the Garstelet Glacier , 5 hrs. from Cortlys and 3 hrs. from the Col 
 d'Olen, the Vincent Pyramid (13,830'J may be ascended in 2 hrs., the Parrot- 
 Spitze (14,575'; guide 30 fr.) in 3 hrs., the Signalkuppe {Punta Grnfetti; 
 14,965'; guide 35 fr.). with the new Capanna Osservatorio Regina Alarghe- 
 riia of the C. A. I., in 41/2 hrs., and the Zumstein-Spitze (15,005'; guide 
 35 fr.) in 41/2 hrs. The last two ascents may he combined in one tour. The 
 Dufourspitze (15,215') was ascended hence for the first time in 1886 (7 hrs. 
 from the Gnifetti Hut). — The auintino Sella Hut (11,910'), on the rocks 
 on the W. side of the Felik Glacier. 3 hrs. below the Felikjoch (p. 328) and 
 5 hrs. from Cortlvs , is the starting-point for the ascent of ihe Lyskamm 
 (14,890'; 5-6 hrs."; 50 fr.) and ihe Castor (13,8S0'; 41/2 hrs.; 30 fr.). The 
 descent from the latter may be made to Breuil (guide 40 fr.) or Zermatt (50 fr.). 
 
 From Gressoney to Zermatt over the Lysjoch, Felikjoch, Zwillingsjoc/i, 
 or Schwarzthor, see p. 328. Guide in each case 50 fr. 
 
 A bridle-path (road under construction) leads from Gressoney-St. Jean 
 through the beautiful Lysthal via Gaby to (3 hrs.) Issime (' Posta) ; new 
 road thence through beautiful chestnut woods via Fontainemore and 
 Lillianes to (3 hrs.) Pont- St. Martin (p. 236; horses, etc. at Giacomo 
 Beata's). — To the W. an easy bridle-path leads from St. Jean in 4 hrs. 
 over the Colle Ranzola (7182') to Brusson (see below) in the Challant Valley., 
 and in 4 hrs. more over the Col de Joiix to St. Vincent and Clidtillon 
 (p. 285). — Two very attractive ascents are those of the Mont faille (7935'), 
 in 1 hr. from the Ranzola Pass, and of the Becca di Frudiera {Mai-ienhorn, 
 10,790'), rising farther to the S., between the Gressoney and Challant valleys 
 (6-7 hrs. from Gressoney, guide 12 fr.). 
 
 From Gressoney - la - Trinite to Fiery over the Bbtta- 
 FORCA, 41/2 lirs., pleasant and easy (without guide). At (20 min.) 
 Orsia (p. 335) we diverge to the left , (5 min.) cross the Lys, 
 and mount rapidly past the houses of Betta to (1 hr.) the chapel of 
 St. Anna (7120' ; belovp it, a fine waterfall), where we have a beautiful 
 view of the Lyskamm and Monte Rosa. Then up a monotonous valley 
 (keeping to the right) past the Sitten Alp, to the (1^/4 hr.) Colle 
 dlBettaforca (8640'), where we see the Graian Alps peeping above 
 the Yal d'Ayas, and the Grand Combin to the right. We descend 
 (still to the right) to (Ihr.) the hamlet of Resy (6780'; auberge), 
 turn to the right, and cross the Verra to (1/2 lir.) Fiery or Fiere 
 (6160'; Hot. des Cimes Blanches, plain), on the slope 20 min. 
 above S. Giacomo (5500'), overlooking the wooded Vol d'Ayas. 
 
 A longer but more interesting route leads over the Bettliner Pass 
 {Passo Bettolina; 9000*) from Trinite to Fiery in 6V4 hrs. From (fs/i hr.) 
 Cortlys we ascend to the left via the Bettolina Alp to the (2V2 hrs.) pass, 
 which commands a fine view of Monte Rosa. The descent skirts the W. 
 slopes of Monte Bettolina (9830') to the Bettaforca route which it follows 
 to (2 hrs.) Fiery (see above). 
 
 From Gressoney-St. Jean to Fiery over the Pinter Joch (8200'), 6 hrs., 
 easy and repaying. From the pass (extensive view) experts may ascend the 
 ''Grauhavpt (10,702'; toilsome) in 2 hrs. ; view strikingly grand. 
 
 A cart-road descends the picturesque Val d'Ayas (called Val Challant in 
 its lower part), watered bv the Evangon., to Champlan, (8 hrs.) Brusson 
 (4520'; Lion d'Or), and (3 hrs.) Verris, in the Dora Valley (p. 286).
 
 COL DES CIMES BLANCHES. V. Route 66. 337 
 
 Fkom Fiery to Bkbuil, oh to the Theodule Pass, ovek the 
 Col DBS CiMEs Blanches. To Breuil a rough mule-track (5 hrs., 
 guide advisable), ascending at first rapidly througli wood, then 
 beyond the Alp Aventina traverses poor pastures and a dreary valley, 
 with the Aventina Glacier on the right, to (2 hrs.) Varda, the last 
 alp. Then a steep ascent, crossing (V2 ^r.) a brook descending 
 from the right, and in Y2 l^^* more the Cortoz, which flows out of the 
 Grand Lac (where the path to the Theodule diverges to the right, 
 see below), and through a rocky chaos to the right of the small 
 Lacs de Vent, to the (^1/2 ^r.) Col des Cimes Blanches (9910 'j, 
 with a fine view of the Matterhorn and Dent d'He'rens. The Gran 
 Semetta (10,595'), to the N.E., a splendid point of view, is easily 
 readied from the pass in 3/^ hr. Then a descent over snow, stones, 
 and pastures, past the little Lacs de la Barmaz. and the chalets of 
 Goillet and La Barmaz, to {ly^^^-) Breuil (p. 338). 
 
 The route to Valtoukxanche diverges to Ihe left from the above route 
 about 10 min. above the bridge over the Cortoz (see above), and reaches 
 the (12 min.) pass (9500') to the S. of the Gran Semetfa (see above; still 
 farther to the S. is a third pass, 9298'). The route then descends, with a 
 line view to the W.. to the beautifully situated Alp Cleva Grossa (7352'), 
 and to the left to (2 hrs.) Valtonrnanche (p. 338). After fresh snow, this 
 direct path to Valtonrnanche is not practicable and the descent via Breuil 
 must be taken. 
 
 Travellers bound for the Theodule Pass akd Zermatt need 
 not descend to Breuil , but (with guide) ascend to the right near 
 the top of the pass, traverse rocks and stony slopes, skirt the little 
 Grand Lac (9135'), and reach the (8/4 hr.) S. edge of the Valtonr- 
 nanche Glacier (10,125'). The crevassed glacier is then crossed 
 (rope advisable), and lastly a steep snow -slope ascended to the 
 (lY.2-2hrs.) Theodule Pass (p. 325). Ascent of the Breithorn, see 
 p. 325; route to Zermatt, see p. 325. 
 
 87. From Chatillon to Valtournanche and over the 
 Theodule Pass to Zermatt. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 320. 
 
 Carriag;e-road to (li'/2 M.) Valtournanche (one-horse carriage from Cha- 
 tillon in 3V-2 hrs., 15-20 fr., two-horse, 25-30 fr.). From Valtournanche to 
 Breuil 27^ hrs., Theodule Pass 37-2-4 hrs., Zermatt 3 hrs. Guide from 
 Chatillon to Zermatt 23, from Valtournanche 20 fr., incl. the Breithorn 
 40 fr.-, mule and attendant from Chatillon to Valtournanche 15 fr. — This 
 is a very attractive expedition, often undertaken by ladies. It is the most 
 picturC'^que route back into Switzerland for those ^vho have made the 
 Tour of Mont Blanc (R. 76). 
 
 Chatillon (1805'), see p. 285. The road ascends the right bank 
 of the deep gorge of the Matmoire, among fine walnut and chestnut 
 trees. On the hill-side to the right appear occasionally the dilapi- 
 dated arches of Roman aqueducts. Beyond (IV2 ^^O Champlong we 
 cross to the left bank, but we return to the right bank at (3 M.) 
 Grand-Moulin , where the imposing *Matterhorn suddenly appears 
 in the opening of the valley. On the slope to the right lies the 
 
 Baedekek, Switzerland, loth Edition. 22
 
 338 V. Route 87. BREUIL. 
 
 cliurcli of Anfey - St. Andre; to the left the remains of an aqueduct 
 of the 12th century. The last walnut-trees are seen at (IV2 M.) 
 Fiernaz (Cantine de la Rose). High up to the right is the hamlet 
 of Chamois (5950'1, where oats are grown notwithstanding the ele- 
 vation. At (21/2 M.) Vssin (4130') we cross again to the left bank 
 (to the left the pretty Cascade du Moulin), and ascend in windings 
 to (3 M.) the village of Valtournanclie (5000'; '^Hot. du Mont-Rose, 
 plain"), with the church of the upper valley (adjoining the church 
 door is a tablet in memory of Chanoine Carrel, d. 1870). To the E. 
 rises the finely shaped Mont Roisetta (10,895'). 
 
 To the Col des times Blanches, see p. 337; Col du Val Courn^re, see 
 below. Guides: Louis Carrel. P. Maquignaz, J. B. Bich, J. Barmasse, C. and 
 Max. Gorret, A. and ^. Pession. and others. — The Grand Tournalin (11,055'), 
 reached via Cheneil in 5hrs., with guide (12 fr.), is not difficult for ex- 
 perts. On the top is the Capanna Carrel of the C. A. I. Splendid view. 
 
 The bridle-path crosses to the left bank of the Matmoire, but 
 returns to the right bank 3 '4 hr, farther on. Near the second bridge 
 (5715') is a fine waterfall in a sombre gorge (*Cascad€ de Busserailles 
 or Grotte du Geant), approached by a wooden gallery (1 fr.) ; ad- 
 jacent is the unpretending Hot. des Alpes. The path now ascends 
 steeply through a wild and romantic defile to the (1 hr.) Chalets 
 d'Aouil (6495'), and then traverses an open valley surrounded by 
 imposing mountains : to the left the Jumeaux du Vallon , the 
 Pointe des Cors , Dent d'He'rens , Tete du Lion , and Matterhorn, 
 and to the right the Cimes Blanches. In 1/2 hr. more we reach the 
 chalets cf Breuil or Brail, 1/4 hr. above which lies the solitary 
 Albergo del Monte Cervino at Jomein (6880' ; R., L., & A. 31/2-4, 
 D. 4fr. , well spoken of), amidst imposing scenery. 
 
 Ascent of the Matterhorn from Breuil, see p. 327. — Over the Col des 
 Cimes Blanches to Fiery, and thence to Macugnaga , see R. ?6. — Guides 
 are not always to be found at Breuil, but always at Valtouinanche, a fact 
 to be noted by travellers coming from Chatillon. 
 
 To Pka-Rate over the Col dd Val Courn^ke, 6 hrs. with guide, 
 rough but repaying. We cross the Matmoire ^ '4 hr. below Breuil and 
 ascend to the right to the (lV2hr.) Col de Dza (8010'). enjoying a superb 
 survey of the Matterhorn : descend a little, then ascend over grass, rocks, 
 and snow, round the S.E. side of the Chateau des Dames (see bel"w) and 
 past some small lakes, to the (2 hrs.) Col du Val Coumere (10,325'), to 
 the S. of the Pointe de Fontanelle (11,100'), with a fine view of Mt. Velan, 
 the Grand Combin, etc. (From Valtouenaxche a bridle-path leads to 
 the chalets of Cignana; thence a steep and laborious climb to the pass, 
 41/2-5 hrs.) Descent through the Val Cournere to (ii/2 hr.) Pra-Rayi in 
 the Valpellina (p. 312). — The Chateau des Dames (11,435^) may be as- 
 cended from the pass in 2V2 hrs. (not very difficult, guide 15-18 fr.). 
 
 The route to the Theodule Pass (riding practicable as far as the 
 glacier) ascends over stones and turf, past the Chalet des Cors., to 
 the (21/2 hrs.) spot known as Les Fourneaux, at the end of the 
 Valtcurnanche Glacier, where the rope should be brought into use. 
 We then cross the tolerably easy glacier to (II/4-IV2 ^^0 *^® 
 Theodule Pass or Matterjoch (p. 325). Ascent of the Breithorn, see 
 p. 825; to Zermatt, p. 325.
 
 VI. S.E. SWITZEKLAKD. TOE GRISONS. 
 
 88. From Rorschach to Coire 341 
 
 Alvier; Gontzen, 342. — St. Luziensteig ; Falknis, 343. 
 
 89. Ragatz and Pfafers 343 
 
 Excursions from Ragatz : Guscbenkopf; Pizalun-, Valens; 
 Vasanenkopf; Montehina; Graue Horner, 345, 346. — 
 From Ragatz to Reiclienau over the Kunkela Pass, 34G. 
 
 90. Coire 347 
 
 Excursions from Coire : Mitteuberg; Schonegg ; Spontis- 
 kopfe; Rad Passugg-, Calanda, 349. 
 
 91. From Landquart to Davos through the Pratigau and 
 
 to Schuls over the Fliiela Pass 349 
 
 Valzeina; Seewis; Scesaplana, 350. — Fideris. From Kiiblis 
 totlieM"ntavon.Serneus,351. — Excursions from Klosters : 
 Vereina Pass ; Fless and Jori-Fless Passes; Vernela Pass; 
 Silvretta Pass, 352. — Schwarzhorn, 353. 
 
 92. From Davos to Coire via Lenz (^Landwasser Route) . 354 
 
 Excursions from Davos, 355. — From Davos to Scanfs 
 over the Scaletta Pass ; to Rergiin over the Sertig Pass, 
 355. — Excursions from Wiesen, 356. 
 
 93. From Coire to Davos through the Schanfiggthal. Arosa 357 
 
 From Langwies to Kiiblis over the Durannapass. Weiss- 
 fluh, 357. — Excursions from Arosa: Aroser Rothhorn. 
 From Arosa to Davos over the Meyenfeld Furca; to 
 Coire via Tschiertschen ; to Parpan over the Trden Fiirkli ; 
 to Alvaneu over the Furcletta, 359. 
 
 94. From Coire to Goschenen. Oberalp 359 
 
 From Reichenau to Ilanz via Versam and Kiistris, 360. 
 
 — The Safierthal; over the Lochliberg to Spliigen, and 
 over the Glas Pass to Thusis, o60. — Flimserstein ; 
 Vorab, 361. — Piz Mundaun,3G2. — Lugnetz-Valley ; passes 
 to Hinterrhein and the Val Rlegno, 362, 363. — Brigels; 
 Val Frisal, 363. — Val Puntaiglas •, the Somvixer Thai ; 
 over the Lavazjoch to Curaglia, 364. — Excursions from 
 Disentis : Piz Muraun ; Sandalp Pass ; Piz Pazzola, 365. 
 
 — Val i^alps; Kreu'/li Pass; Pass da Tiarms, 366. — 
 Lake Toma; Badus; Piz Nurschallas ; Val Cornera. 367. 
 
 95. From Disentis to Biasca. The Lukmanier 367 
 
 Val Cristalliua; Piz Cristallina •, PizMedel; Scopi ; Piz 
 Rondadura, 368. — From Casaccia to Faido over the Pre- 
 delp Pass; Passo Columbe, 869. 
 
 96. From Coire via Thusis to Tiefenkasten (Schyn Roadl 
 
 or Spliigen (Via Mala) 370 
 
 Muttnerhorn, 372. — Piz Beverin ; Piz Curver ; Piz Vizan ; 
 Piz la Tschera. From Andeer to Stalla through the Fer- 
 rera and Averser Valleys, 373. — Forcellina and Duana 
 Passes. From Caniciil to Pianazzo over the Madesimo 
 Pass, 374. — Gugterniill; Einshorn ; Piz Tambo, 375. 
 
 97. From Spliigen to the Lake of Como 375 
 
 Madesimo, 376. 
 
 22*
 
 340 VI. THE GRISONS. 
 
 98. From Spliigen to Bellinzona. Bernardino 377 
 
 Source of the Hinter-Rhein. Klieinwaldliorn,378. — From 
 Cama to Cliiavenna ; Val Calanca, 380. 
 
 99. From Coire to the Engadine over the Albula Pass . 380 
 Piz St. Michel; Tinzenhorn; Piz dWela, 381. — From 
 Bergiin to Madulein over the Fuorcla Pischa ; Piz Kesch : 
 Aela Pass, 381, 382. 
 
 100. From Coire to the Engadine over the Julier . . . 382 
 
 Churer Joch; Statzerhorn, 3S3. — Piz Curverj Fianell 
 Pass; Tinzenthor Pass; Errjoch, 384. — Val daFaller; 
 Piz Platta. From Stalla over the Septimer to Casaccia in 
 the Val Bregaglia; to Sils hy Gravasalvas, 385. 
 
 101. The Upper Engadine , from the Maloja to Samaden 387 
 
 Lake Cavloccio ; Orlegna Fall ; Forno Glacier, 384. — 
 Piz Lunghino. Muretto Pass; Gasnile and Cacciahella 
 Passes, 3S8. — Muot Marmore; Fex Valley, 3S9. — Piz 
 Margna; Piz Fora, etc. Tremoggia Pass; Fuorcla Fex- 
 Scerscen; Fuorcla Surlej ; Piz Julier, 390. — Pizl^Tair; 
 Val Suvretta, 393. — Muottas Muraigl; Piz Ot; Piz Pa- 
 della, 394. 
 
 102. Pontresina and Environs 395 
 
 Schluchtpromenade, 396. — Morteratsch and Eoseg Gla- 
 ciers, 397. — Schafberg; Muottas-Muraigl; Piz Languard, 
 398, 399. — Diavolezza Tour, 400. — Piz Eosatsch ; Chal- 
 chagn; Surlej; Corvatsch ; Morteratsch; Chapiitschin ; 
 Tschierva; Sella; Gliischaint; Palti; Zupo ; Crastagiizza; 
 Bernina ; Eoseg; Scerscen, 40C', 401. — From Pontresina 
 to the Fex Valley over the Fuorcla da Fex, the Chapiit- 
 schin Pass, or the Fuorcla Gliischaint, 401. — From 
 Pontresina to Malenco over the Sella Pass or the Bella- 
 vista Saddle ; from Fellaria to the Bernina Hospice 
 over the Camhrena Pass ; to Poschiavo over the Confinale 
 or the Canciano Pass, 401, 402. — From Pontresina to the 
 Bernina Hospice. Val del Fain; over the Fieno Pass 
 to Livigno, 402. — Piz Campascio ; Piz Lagalb ; Sassal 
 Masone; Alp Griim ; by Cavaglia to Poschiavo, 403. — 
 — Val Lagone ; over the Forcola to Livigno. From the 
 Bernina through the Val Viola to Bormio, 404. 
 
 103. From Samaden to Nauders. Lower Engadine . . . 404 
 
 Munt Miisella ; Piz Tertsch ; Piz Kesch. From Ponte to 
 Livigno over the Lavirum Pass. Piz Griatschouls ; Piz 
 Mezaun. From Scanfs to Livigno through the Val Casana, 
 405. — Munt Baseglia; Piz d'Arpiglia ; Piz Niina; Piz 
 Sursura. From Zernetz over the Ofen Pass to Mtinster; 
 to Livigno and Bormio, 406. — Piz Mezdi ; Piz Linard. 
 Guarda; Fetan ; Val Tasna; Futschol Pass, 407. — Ex- 
 cursions from Tarasp : Castle of Tarasp; Val d'Uina; 
 Muotta Xaluns; Piz Gliina; Piz Champatsch ; Piz Lisch- 
 anna, 409. — From Schuls through the Scarl Valley to 
 S. Maria, 410. — Piz Arina ; Fimber Pass, 410. 
 
 104. From Samaden over the Bernina to Tirano, and 
 through the Valtellina to Colico 411 
 
 Sassalbo, 412. — Corno Stella; Val Malenco; Monte 
 della Disgrazia, 413. — Val Masino; Piz Badile, 414.
 
 ST. MARGRETHEN. VI. Route 88. 341 
 
 105. From the Maloja to Cliiaveuiia. Val liregaglia . . 414 
 
 Albigna Valley, Forcella di S. Maitino; Pizzo della 
 Duana, 415. — Val Bondasca; over the Forcella di 
 Bondo to Masino, 416. — From Cafltasegna to Soglio; 
 Piz Gallegione, 416. 
 
 106. From Tirano to Naiiders over the Stelvio 416 
 
 From Bormio over the Foscagno Pass to Livigno, 417. 
 — Wormser .loch; Piz Unibrail, 418. — Three Holy 
 Springs, 419. — From Prad to S. Maria in the Bliinster- 
 thal via Taufers and iliinster, 420. 
 
 107. From Nauders to Bregenz over the Arlberg .... 421 
 
 Liinersee ; Scesaplana, 422. — The Montavon ; over the 
 Vermunt Pass to Guarda, 423. — From Feldkirch io 
 Buchs, 423. — Gebhardsberg ; Pfander, 424. 
 
 88. From Rorschach to Coire. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 28. 52, 346. 
 
 bl M. Railway in 31/4-41/2 hrs. (9fr. 75, 6fr. 85, 4fr. 90c.-, see In- 
 trod. X. as to circular-tickets, etc.). There are two stations at Rorschach 
 (p. 50), the chief of which (-Restaurant) is on the quay in the town. The 
 other is 1/2 M. to the E., where carriages are sometimes changed. The 
 first train from Rorschach corresponds with the first steamboat from Fried- 
 richshafen and Lindau; and at Coire with the diligences for the Spliigen 
 and the Bernardino. 
 
 Rorschach^ see p. 50. The train skirts the lake for a short way. 
 3 M. Staad. On the hillside to the right rises the castle of Wart- 
 egg (p. 50); above it Wartensee (p. 52), and the small chateau of 
 Oreifenstein. Heiden (p. 52) is seen on the hill to the right. Farther 
 on, we have a glimpse of the Weinhurg (p. 50), situated on the vine- 
 clad Buchherg. The train traverses a delta, very fertile at places, 
 which has been formed by the deposits of the Rhine. — 6 M. Rhein- 
 egg(1320'; *Post; Rossli ; Hecht), a village at the foot of vineyards. 
 
 Omnibuses ply in 12 min. from the station to (IV4 BI.) Thai (1844'; 
 Ochs), an industrial place with 3319 inhab., picturesquely situated at the 
 foot of the Buchherg (to the SieinerneTisch , 25 min.. see p. 51). — Di- 
 ligence from Rheinegg to Heiden, viu Wol/halden, twice daily in 1 hr. 
 40 min., sec p. 52; to Wahenhausen., twice daily in Ihr. 5min., see p. 51. 
 
 At (9 M.) St. Margrethen (1330'; Linde ; Ochs; Sonjie) the 
 line to Bregenz (p. 424) diverges to the left (to the Meldegg, 1 hr., 
 see p. 50). 
 
 We now cross the Rhine, the boundary between Switzerland and 
 the Austrian Yorarlberg, by means of a timber-bridge. The Rhine 
 Valley, formerly called the Upper Rheingau, and, like Ticino and 
 Thurgau, governed down to 1798 by Swiss bailiffs, presents a 
 variety of grand and picturesque scenery. The train skirts the hills, 
 which are covered with vineyards and orchards, and from Heldsherg 
 to Afonsfem i)asses between the river and abrupt rocks. Stations: Au 
 (^Schiff), Heerhrugg, Rebstein. To the left rises the snow -clad 
 Scesaplana and farther away the Drei Schwestern ; to the right the 
 Hohe Kasten with its inn (p. 55).
 
 342 77. Route 88. SARGANS. 
 
 16 M. Altstatten (1540'; pop. 8416; *Dr€i Konige, moderate; 
 Freihof; Landhaus; Loive), a quaint little town. Througli a gorge 
 to the right is seen the Sentis (p. 56) and beside it the Fahnern. 
 
 Koads lead hence via the Landmark (3265'; Inn) to (8 M.) Trogen^ and 
 over the fSioss (3135') to (6 M.) Gais (p. 54) ; and a pleasant path in 3 hrs. 
 by the Chapel of St. Anthony to Heiden (p. 52). 
 
 19^2 M, Oberriet (_Sonne). On the E. slope of a wooded rock 
 to the right, is the ruined tower of the castle of Blatten. The high- 
 road passes to the W. of it through the Hirschensprung defile. 
 
 22V2M. Rilti [Zum Bahnhof}. — 27M. Saletz-Sennwald (Restaur, 
 by the station). To the left are the Drei Schwestern (6880'3. 
 
 Ascent of the ffohe Kasten (5900'; i'/z hrs.;. without guide), see p. 55. 
 — To THE Weissbad (6 hrs.), a pleasant walk, by Sax and the Saxer 
 Lucke (5430'), passing the Fdhlen and Sdmbtis lakes (comp. p. 56). 
 
 29 M. Haag-Gams (*Kreuz), where the line crosses the Toggen- 
 burg and Feldkirch road (p. 59). Above (31 M.) Buchs {^Bail. 
 Restaurant; *Rhaeiia; Zum Arlherg^ both at the station) rises the 
 well-preserved chateau of Werdenherg . 
 
 Railway to Feldkirch., see p. 423; custom-house examination at Buchs 
 for travellers to or from Austria. — On a height, on the opposite bank 
 of^the Rhine, lies Vaduz (1525'; *Linde; Engel; Lowe), with the white 
 chateau of Liechtenstein on a lofty rock, the capital of the principality 
 of Liechtenstein, at the foot of the Drei Schwestern (see above). 
 
 Beyond the large village of (34V2 M.) Sevelen (*Traube) rises 
 the ruined chateau of Wartau (2185'). Near (39 M.) Trilhhach 
 (1585') the rocks of the Schollberg, which approach the Rhine, have 
 been blasted to make way for the road and the railway. On a height 
 opposite, near Balzers, is the extensive ruined castle of Outten- 
 berg, where the ascent of the Luziensteig begins (see below). 
 
 The Alvier (7753'), an admirable point, ascended from Buchs, Sevelen, 
 or Triibbach in 5-51/2 hrs.. see p. io. The route from Triibbach is by Atz- 
 moos, Malans., and past the ruin of Wartau., to (3/4 hr.) Oberschan, and 
 (41/2 hrs.) the top ; descent 3 hrs. — The Gonzen (6014'), from Trubbach 
 in 41/2 hrs., is also easy and interesting. 
 
 42 M. Sargans (1590'; *H6tel Thoma, at the station), the 
 junction of the Weesen (Glarus) and Ziirich line (p. 46). Carriages 
 sometimes changed here. The scenery becomes grander and more 
 picturesque; vo the N.W. appears the long serrated chain of the 
 Curfirsten (p. 44), to the E. the grey pyramid of the Falknis (p. 343). 
 To the right, near Vilters., is the TJniere Sarfall., fine after rain. 
 
 45 M. Ragatz, see p. 343. To the right is the ruin of Freuden- 
 herg (p. 344). Below the influx of the Tamina the train crosses the 
 Rhine by a wooden bridge. 
 
 46 M. Maienfeld (1725'; pop. 1227; "^Hot.-Pem. Vilan, at the 
 station; Hirsch; Zum Falknis; '^Rcesslf) is an old and thriving little 
 town. The tower (restaurant; fine view from the top) is said to have 
 been erected in the 4th cent, by the Roman Emp. Constantius. The 
 old castle of the Counts of Toggenburg was the seat of the bailiffs of 
 the Orisons down to 1795. On the hill to the right are the ruin 
 and pension of Wartenstein and the abbey of Pfafers (p. 345). 
 
 The St. Luziensteig (2230' ; Inn, good wine), a fortified defile between
 
 RAGATZ. VI. RouU 89. 343 
 
 the Fldscherberg (3730') and the Falknis, through which the road to Vaduz 
 and Feldkirch leads, is 2 M. from Maienfeld and is frequently visited from 
 Eagatz. Fine view from the highest block-house (now destroyed), on the 
 top of the Flascherberg , U/t hr. farther W., and also on the return. — 
 The Falknis (o4200, ascended from the Luzienstcig through the Olecktobel 
 and by the Sarina-Alp or Fldscher-Alp (6 hrs. ; with guide), is fatiguing 
 but interesting. (Better from Maienfeld by a path m;.de by the guide 
 Fortunat Enderlin via Jenins, the Vordere Alp ^ and Sarina Alp, and 
 through the Fldscherthal.) 
 
 On the vine-clad slopes to the left, at the foot of the Vilan 
 (p. 350) lie the villages of Jenins (above it the ruins of Wyneck 
 and Aspermont) and Malans (p. 350). The train crosses the Land- 
 quart, near its influx into the Rhine. 491/2 M. Landquart [1730'; 
 Raii. Restaurant ; *H6t. Landquart, near the station), on the road 
 to the Pratigau, and the junction of the line to Davos (see p. 349). 
 To the W., in the background, rise the barren Graue Horner {^ . 346). 
 
 The district between Maienfeld and Coire, with its numerous 
 castles, is remarkable for its fertility. Its central point is (52 M.) 
 Zizers (1854' ; Krone), an ancient little borough. To the left, at 
 the foot of the hills, are Molindra, a summer-residence of the Bishop 
 of Coire, and the village of Trimmis. On the right tower the bare 
 peaks of the Calanda (^p. 349) ; on the wooded slopes at its base are 
 the ruined castles of Liechtenstein, Krottenstein, a-nd Hatdenstein, at 
 the foot of which last lies the village of the same name, with a well- 
 preserved walled chateau. 
 
 57 M. Coire, see p. 347. 
 
 89. Eagatz and Ffafers. 
 
 Comp. Plan and Map^ p. 346. 
 
 Hotels (most of them open during the season only). *Quellbnhop (PI. a), 
 R., L., &.A. from 6 8, B. I'/a, D. 4-5, pens. 12-18 fr.; -Hof Kagatz (PI. b), 
 R. L., & A. 5, B. I72, D. 5, S. 31/2, pens, 8-13 fr.; "Hotel Tamina (PI. c), 
 R., L,, & A. 31/2-4, I). 4, pens. 7-lUfr.; Scuweizerhof (PI. d), K. 27-j-3V2, 
 D. 31/2-5 fr. 5 'Hot. -Pens. Lattmann (PI. i), pens. 7 fr., good cuisine (open 
 in winter also) ; 'Krone (PI. e), R., L., & A. 3, B. 11/4, D- 3 tr. (open in winter 
 also); Villa Louisa; °H6t.-Pens. Feohlich (.PI. hj;~=FREiECK (.PI. gj •, =H6t.- 
 Pens. Scholl (PI. fj, R. 21/2-4, pens, b fr.; =H6t. National (Pi- 1); "Post, 
 moderate \ Bar (PI. k); Ochse, and Lowe, unpretending. — Near the station: 
 *Rosengakten, R. & A. 2'/2, B. 1 fr. 20 c, D. 3, pens. ti-T fr. (open in winter 
 also). — *Pens. Villa Flora, with large gurden, on the road to the Freuden- 
 berg; "Pens. Home- Villa; 'Pens. Wartenstein (p. 345). — Restaurants. 
 Eursual^ see p. c44, Sdioll (see above); Rheinvilla, Bahnhof-Str.; Nussbaum, 
 Churer-Str. ; Lows, and Kreuz^ with gardens. Felsenkeller, '/4 M. from the 
 town, on the way to the Freudenberg (p. 344). — Post Office (PI. 6), 
 near the Dorfbad. — Telegraph Office (PI. 7), oppo-^ite the Krone. 
 
 Omnibus from the station to the village of Ragatz 75 c., trunk 25c. — 
 Carriage, with one horse from Ragatz to Pfafers and back, with halt of 
 2 hrs., for 1-2 pers. 7. 3-4 pers. lUfr., and tee: to Wartenstein 6 or 10, Dorf 
 Pfafers 8 or 14, Vattis 18 or 25, Maienfeld 6 or 10. Luziensieig 10 or 15 fr. 
 
 Baths. Properties of the water, see p. 344. The Muhlbud (.PI. 4), Nett- 
 bad (PI. 2), and JJelenetibad (PL 3) are near the Kurhaus \ the Dor/bad 
 (PL 5), with Trinkhalle, in the Eisenbahn-Strasse, between the Schweizer- 
 hof and the Tamina Hotel. The Neubad contains a large swimming-bath 
 (84° iahr. ; 2 fr. in the morning, 1 fr. in the afternoun ; lauies 9V2-IIV2 
 a.m. and 4-6 p.m.) and single baths (2-2V2 fr.)- Tickets at the office, to 
 the left of the Hof Ragatz.
 
 344 VI. Route 89. RAGATZ. 
 
 Visitors' Tax, in Jnne and Sept. 2, in July and Aug. 3 fr. per week 
 for each person. 
 
 Bagatz (1700'; pop. 1932), prettily situated on the impetuous 
 Tamina, wMcli falls into the Rhine lower down, is a famous 
 watering-place and one of the most frequented places in Switzerland 
 (50,000 Tisitors annually, passing travellers included). The village 
 first owed its importance to the construction of the Pfafers road (see 
 below) and of the conduit, 21/2 M. long, conveying the mineral water 
 thence to the Hof Ragatz in 1838-40, and the handsome buildings 
 recently erected give it almost the appearance of a town. 
 
 The chief rallying-points are the Quellenhof and the Hof Ragatz 
 (formerly a mansion of the Abbots of Pfafers). In the Kurgarten, 
 at the back of the Quellenhof, a band plays in the morning, noon, 
 and evening. The open colonnade on the E. side affords a pleasing 
 survey of the Rhine Valley. The Baths and the Trinkhalle are on 
 the S.W. side. Beyond them are pleasure-grounds with a whey- 
 cure establishment, etc. 
 
 In the Cemetery is the monument of the philosopher Schelling 
 (d. at Ragatz in 185-4), 20' high, \^ith his bust. By the last houses 
 (1 M.) on the road from the cemetery to Sargans , a path ascends 
 to the left through vineyards to (Y2 M.) the ruined castle of Freuden- 
 herg (915'), with a fine view of the Rheinthal. We return by a road 
 on the hill-side, between houses and gardens. 
 
 *Bad Pfafers or Pfdvers (50 min.) is one of the most curions spots 
 in Switzerland. It lies in the narrow gorge of the Tamina, a glacier- 
 torrent , on the brink of which the good but narrow road (walking 
 recommended) gradually ascends , flanked by sombre limestone 
 cliffs, 500 to 800' high. A little before the (IV2 M.) Schwattenfall 
 Restaurant a footpath leads to the left across the Tamina to Valur- 
 rarik and (72 hr.) Wartenstein (p. 345). About 1/2 ^l- farther, a 
 few paces before the road passes through a rocky gateway, is an- 
 other path (shady and picturesque but steep), leading to (3/4 hr.) 
 the village of Pfafers. Both these routes are miry in wet weather. 
 
 The monastic - looking Baf/i-/iou5e (3230'), built in 1704, lies 
 wedged between precipices 600' high , and enjoys sunshine in the 
 height of summer from 10 till 4 o'clock only. Accommodation good, 
 but plain (R., L., & A. 2-3V2, B. i^l^fr.'). Very pleasant baths 
 (1 fr. ; temp. 970?', at Ragatz 950), chiefly frequented by the less 
 wealthy classes, and by invalids who prefer taking the waters near 
 their source. 
 
 The copious hot springs (97-100°) , clear as crystal, and free 
 from taste and smell, are impregnated with carbonate of lime, chlor- 
 ide of sodium , and magnesia, resembling those of Gastein and 
 Wildbd in their composition. They rise about 1/4 ^'^- above the 
 bath-house in the narrow and gloomy *Tamina Gorge (30-50' wide). 
 Tickets for the gorge and the springs (1 fr. each; umbrellas ad- 
 visable) are sold in the principal corridor of the bathhouse. The
 
 PFAFERS. VI. Route 89. 345 
 
 wooden pathway to the springs, resting on the rock or on masonry, 
 30-40' above the torrent, leads between overhanging walls of rock, 
 200-250' high, on the right bank of the Tamina , to the vaulted 
 chamber [98' long) of the New Spring (to the left of the old), 
 dating from '2nd Oct., I860'. The air in this vault is, like that of a 
 hot vapour-bath, but there is little to see. This curious ravine 
 surpasses the rival Gorge of Trient (p. 237), the rounded granite 
 rocks of which are inferior in boldness to the nummulite of Pfafers. 
 From the Ragatz station to the springs and back, 3 hrs. on foot, or 
 2 hrs. by carriage (p. 343). 
 
 From the Batus to the Village of Pfafees (IV4 br.). The path 
 ascends in windings on the left bank of the Tamina; after 1/4 hr.. by a 
 fingerpost, where the path to the right leads to Valens (see below; 
 10 min. from the Bad is the 'Calandaschau'), we descend to the left and 
 (0 min) cross the Tamina by a natural bridge, called the ' Beschluss\ 230" 
 perpendicularly above, the springs. We now ascend the path on the 
 right bank, cut in steps, and slippery in rainy weather, to a (20 min.) 
 meadow, whence we may either ascend (tingerpost) to flO min.) an 
 auberge on the road leading to the right to Vattis (p. 346) and to the 
 left to the village of Pfafers; or (preferable) ascend by the footpath to 
 the left, through meadows and wood, to the (V* hr.) "road, 2V4 M. from 
 the village of Pfafers. 
 
 A Cable-Tramway ascends from the Kurhaus in 10 min. (1 fr., 
 return-ticket 1 fr. 30 c.) to the *Pension Wartenstein (2463' ; Res- 
 taur; pens. 6-7 fr.), affording a splendid view of the Rhine Valley 
 as far as the Curfirsteu to the N.W. (p. 44). Below, to the S., 
 are the ruin of Wartenstein and the Chapel of St. George (2453'). 
 — The VUlage of Pfafers (2696'; Adler; Lowe) lies 1/2 M. farther 
 up on the top of the hill (road from Ragatz, 21 2 ^^Oi The once rich 
 and powerful Benedictine Abbey of Pfafers was converted into a 
 lunatic asylum (St. Pirminsberg) in 1838. The Tabor (2765'), a 
 rocky hill 3/^ m. to the N.E. of the abbey, also affords a fine view. 
 
 Excursions from Ragatz. (Guides : Fdh , of Ragatz ; Johann Rupp^ 
 of Valens; Wilhelm and David Kohler, and /. A. Sprecher , of Viittis.) 
 Ruin of Freiidenherg, p. 344. — The Guschenkopf (2463'), a wooded hill 
 to the W. of Ragatz, on the right of the entrance to the Tamina Gorge, 
 is skirted by pleasant walks, on the S. side, passing the Bild (a chapel), 
 and on the W. side (diverging to the left from the road to Freuden- 
 berg, before the 'Felsenkeller''), leading in 40 min. to the top. Fine 
 view of Ragatz, the Khine Valley, the Appenzell and Pratigau Mta., the 
 Graue Horner, and the Calanda. — To Maienfeld (IVz^I.; by the road 
 crossing the new Khinebridge), see p. 342; St. Luziensteig (direct path by 
 the railway -bridge 3 M. , road via Maienfeld 4V2 M.), see p. 342. — The 
 Pratigau (Seewis, Valzeina, etc.), see R. 91. — Voire, Via Mala , etc , see 
 pp. 347, 372. 
 
 _*Pi2alun (4860'; 3 hrs.; guide from St. Margarethen advisable for 
 novices) a splendid point of view. From (1 hr.) Dorf Pfafers through 
 wood to the pastures of JSt. Margretenberg (4130') 1 hr., end of the village 
 Vzhr., then to the left, and lastly by steps in the rock to the (V2 hr.) top. 
 
 To Valens (3018' ; Zum Frohsiiin) from Bad Pfafers, 1/2 hr. (to the right 
 at the fingerpost mentioned above). On leaving the wood, the point of view 
 called the Calandaschau affords a striking view of the Tamina Valley, with 
 the Calanda in the background to the left, and the Monteluna and the 
 Graue Horner to the right. Below the church a path crosses the deep 
 Milhletohel to (1/2 hr.) Vason (3045'). amid sunny i)a8tures, and the (' ^hr.)
 
 346 VI. Route 89. VATTIS. 
 
 road to Vattis (see below). — Ascent of the 'Vasanenkopf (6675'), from 
 Valens, easy (3V2lir9. ; witli guide). Across pastures to the Lasa-Alp (6145'; 
 small Inn) 3 hrs.; thence to the right to the top V2 hr. (extensive view; 
 still finer from the Schlosslikopf, 7295', ^/^ hr. farther). Rich flora. — 
 'Monteluna (7955') 4 hrs., from Valens by Vason and the Alp Vindels (541G'), 
 also easy and interesting. — The ascent of Fizol (9345'), the highest of the 
 Graue Homer, is grand and interesting, but trying (3hrs. from the Laaa- 
 Alp, see above). 
 
 From Ragatz to Reichenau ovee the Kunkels Pass (7-8 hrs.). To 
 (10 M.) Vattis a road (diligence from Ragatz daily in 8 hrs., 2 fr. 65 c. ; 
 two-horse carr. there and back in 2^/t hrs., 25 fr.); thence to Reichenau a 
 mule-track. The road leads from the village of Pfafers on the right side 
 of the deep Tamina Valley, of which picturesque glimpses are obtained. 
 After 1/2 hr. the path to the Baths of Pfafers diverges to the right (p. 345); 
 farther on the road passes the hamlets of Ragol (opposite Valens) and Vadura 
 (opposite Vason, at the foot of the Monteluna, see above), and skirts the pre- 
 cipitous slopes of the Calanda. The valley expands near (10 M.) Vattis 
 (3120'; '^Bdi. Tamina, moderate; Zur Lerche), a sequestered village near 
 the mouth of the Eal/euser Thai (p. 68), from which the Tamina issues. 
 (Via St. Martin to the Sardona Alp, 4 hrs., see p. 68.) The road ends 
 here. The bridle-path (which is practicable for vehicles to the top of 
 the pass) quits the Tamina, crosses the Gorbs three times, and ascends, 
 generally on the E. side of the valley. The chalets of the upper valley are col- 
 lectively called Kunkels. On reaching the (2 hrs.) Kunkels or Foppa Pass 
 (4433'), we turn to the left of the conduit and enter the defile of La 
 Foppa. (About 5 min. to the right of the path a superb view of the 
 Rhine Valley may be obtained.) Then a steep and stony descent to Tamins 
 and (I1/2 hr.) Reichenau (p. 359). 
 
 THE ORISONS. 
 
 The region which now forms the Canton of the Grisons (Graubunden) 
 was inhabited at the beginning of the Christian era by the Rheetians, 
 who were subjugated by the Romans in A. D. 15. After the fall of the 
 Roman Empire, Rhfttia came into the possession of the Ostrogoths and 
 afterwards into that of the Franks. In the middle ages the country be- 
 came the residence of many noble families, including the Bishops of Coire, 
 the Abbots of Disentis and Pfafers, the Counts of Montfort, Werdenberg, 
 and Matsch, and the Barons of Vatz, Rhaziins, Belmont, and Aspermont, 
 whose ruined castles are still seen on the heights. The inhabitants were 
 grievously oppressed by these magnates, and banded together on several 
 occasions they met and entered into associations with a view to obtain 
 redress. Thus in 1396 they formed the "■ League of the House of God" (Lia 
 da Ca De, or Casa Di), at the head of which was the church of Coire ; 
 in 1424 the '■Upper" or '■Gray League" (Lia Grischa); and between 1428 and 
 1436 the '■League of the Ten Jurisdictions' (Lia deltas desch dretturas). 
 These coalitions gave rise in 1471 to the establishment of the '■Three Per- 
 petual Leagues of Rhcetia\ In 1512 the confederates conquered the Val- 
 tellina. which they governed by means of bailiffs down to 1797. By the 
 year 1521 more than half the population had embraced the Reformation, 
 but a powerful minority remained steadfast adherents of the Roman Catho- 
 lic faith. The dissensions of these two parties gave rise to the invasion 
 of their country during the Thirty Years' War by Austro-Spanish and 
 French armies, but owing to the energy of George Jenatsch the land at 
 length succeeded in recovering its independence. From the 15th cent, on- 
 wards the 'Gray Confederates' were on friendly terms or in alliance with 
 the Swiss, and in 1803 their territory was incorporated with Switzerland 
 as the loth Canton. 
 
 Down to 1848 the canton was divided into 26 small and almost entirely 
 independent republics , called Hoch-Gerichte (jurisdictions), but these were 
 abolished by the new constitution. It is now the largest, though not the
 
 RAG A I 
 
 
 
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 fM3 
 
 T
 
 — ; — : — : — : — : r— : : — r — : — ; — : — ■r~^ ; "mk i — ' — iTT H ;~~73 1
 
 COIRE. VI. Route 90. 347 
 
 most populous canton in Switzerland (280G sq. M.j 96,291 inhab.), embracing 
 more than one-sixth of the area of the whole country; and it is remarkable 
 for the variety of its scenery, climate, productions , and languages , as 
 well as for its national peculiarities and political constitution. The country 
 tonsists of an immense network of mountains, furrowed by about 150 val- 
 leys , and culminating in numerous peaks crowned with eternal snow. 
 Barren rocks are surrounded by luxuriant cultivation ; wild deserts, where 
 winter reigns during three-fourths of the year, lie amid forests of chest- 
 nuts, under the deep blue sky of Italy. 
 
 Not less varied are the inhabitants themselves in origin, language, 
 religion, and customs. The population includes 52,842 Protestants, and 
 43,320 Roman Catholics, of whom 37,708 are of Romanic and 44,271 of 
 Teutonic race. Of the curious Romanic language there are two distinct 
 dialects : the Ladin of the Engadine , the Albula , and Miinster valleys, 
 and the Romance of the valleys of Disentis and llanz, the Oberhalbstein, 
 Schams, etc. This dialect is spoken generally amongst the people, but 
 German is gaining ground, and is taught in the schools so successfully 
 that the younger natives speak it better than the inhabitants of German 
 Switzerland. In the time of the Hohenstaufen the whole country was 
 Romanic. Several small Romanic newspapers appear at Coire , Disentis, 
 etc. — Italian is spoken to the S. of the Alps, in the valleys of Poschiavo, 
 Bregaglia, Mesocco, and Calanca. 
 
 90. Coire. 
 
 Germ. Chur, Ital. Coira, Roman. Cuera. 
 
 Hotels. -Steinbock (PI. a; C, 4), on the Churwalden road, outside the 
 town, R., L., & A. 6-7, B. IV2, D. 4-4V2, pens, from 8 fr. ; 'Lukmanier (PI. b; 
 D, 2), opposite the post-office, R., L., 61 A. from 4, D. 4, omnibus ^U fr. 
 — Second-class: 'Weissks Kredz (PI. c; D, 2), R. 2V2 , B. 1 fr. 20 c; 
 -Stern (PI. d; E, 1), R. & A. 21/2-3, B. IV4 fr. ; *Rother Lowe (PI. e; D, 
 3), R. IV2-2, B. 1 fr. ; Sonne, Drei Konige, moderate. — Pension Rhatia. 
 
 Restaurants. Calanda (Pl.g; D, 2); Rhatia ; Rail. Restaurant. — Beer at 
 the Casino, adjoining the Ruther Lowe; Lowenhof, near the market; 
 Vazerokr Ealle, etc. 
 
 Baths (swimming and other) at TTti/y'*, on the Plessur (PI. F, 4; 50 c). 
 
 Wines. Vallellina (red , see p. 412) , abundant and not dear. Kom- 
 pleter, grown near Malans (p. 350} in the valley of the Rhine, near the 
 lower Zollbriicke, good but expensive. The ^Landtcein\ or ordinary wine 
 of the country, of which the best is the lierrscfidfiler, is a good red wine, 
 similar to Valtellina. Good wine at the Bo/keller, to the left in the Epis- 
 copal Court (with beds), and at the auberges 'Zu den Reblenten\ by the 
 church of St. Martin, and '•Zum Siissen WinkeV. — Cigars at FravVg, Post-Str. 
 
 Coire (1935'; pop. 9381; 2/3 Prot.), the capital of the Canton of 
 the Grlsons , the Curia Rhaetorum of the Romans , and since the 
 4th cent, the seat of a bishop, is picturesquely situated on the banks 
 of the Plessur, which falls into the Rhine i^/o M. from the town. 
 Most of the Rom. Cath. inhabitants dwell in the Bischoftiche Hof, 
 or ^Episcopal CourV (Pi. E, F, 3), the upper and most interesting 
 quarter of the town, surrounded with walls. Here is the episcopal 
 ♦Cathedral of St. Lucius (PI. F, 3), part of which dates from the 
 8th cent. (adm. to the treasury 1 fr. , tickets in the court, Sun. 
 and holidays 3-7, other days 8.30-2 and 3-7). 
 
 The very ancient Portal of the Entrance Court is borne by columns 
 resting on lions i above is another lion, and on the columns are" Apostles. 
 The Portal of the CaIhedral, with its projecting slender columns with 
 graceful capitals, is Romanesque.
 
 348 VT. Route 90. COIRE. Cathedral. 
 
 The Interioe is interesting owing to the succession of different styles 
 it presents. The aisles are only about half the height of the nave. The 
 pillars of the latter, strengthened by semi-columns, have bases adorned 
 as was usual in the 12th cent, with leaves at the corners , and heads of 
 animals, and have curious capitals of Corinthian tendency. The vaulting 
 is pointed. South Aisle : ^^Sarcophagus of Bishop Orilieb de Brandis (d. 
 1494). Altarpiece, a Madonna by Stumm, a pupil of Rubens. Tombstone of 
 Count de Buol- Schauenstein (d. 1797), and opposite, that of his son (d. 1833). 
 South Transept. 1st Altar : above it, Herodias by Cranach ; in the centre 
 a Madonna of Rulens't School; the side-pictures by the elder Holbein and 
 his school. Reliquary of the 10th century. 2nd Altar : handsome ornamen- 
 tation. Reliquary in the form of a Gothic church ; in the arches Christ 
 and the Apostles. Altarpiece, a Crucifixion and Saints, a work of the 
 German School of the 15th century. Choib : *High-altar gilded and richly 
 carved by Jacob Russ (1491). Stalls and a *Tabernacle of 1484 (the latter 
 attributed to Adam Kratit). The Cetpt is a low chamber with flat ceiling 
 of the 5th century. North Aisle: 1st Altar, St. Aloysius by Angelica 
 Kauffmann. Over the central altar, *Christ bearing the Cross , by Diirer. 
 In the Sacristy is the rich ^Treasury : reliquaries, crucifixes, candelabra, 
 vestments, etc.; reliquaries in embossed copper (8th cent.); embroidered 
 stufl's of the Saracenic period: fragments of silk dating from the time of 
 Justinian; Christ and Peter on the sea, a miniature-painting on lapis-lazuli 
 by C. Dolci. The glass cabinets contain charters granted by Charlemagne, 
 Louis le De'bonnaire, Lothaire, etc. 
 
 Adjoining tlie churcli is the venerable Episcopal Palace (PI. 2; 
 E, F, 3). The Chapel., one of the earliest of Christian edifices, lies 
 to the N., within the walls of the ancient Roman tower of Marsoel 
 ('Mars in oculis''), which is connected with the palace. This tower 
 and another named Spinoel (^'Spina in oculis\ containing the 'Hof- 
 keller', see above; fine view from the windows) form the N. angles 
 of the 'Hof . An ancient tower to the N.W., with the adjacent wall, 
 appears also to be Roman. The names of these towers imply that the 
 Rhaetians were kept in subjection by the threats of their conquerors. 
 
 In the square in front of the cathedral rises the Hofbrunnen, with 
 figures of saints, erected in 1860. Behind the cathedral are the 
 Monastery of St. Lucius^ now a seminary for priests, and the Can- 
 tonal School (PI. F, 3; for both creeds). 
 
 The town itself contains few objects of interest. The Protestant 
 Church of St. Martin (PL 5 ; D, 3), the Government Buildings (Pi. 4; 
 E, 2), and the Hospital (PI. A, 4) founded by the Capuchin Father 
 Theodosius (d. 1865) are the chief buUdings. Opposite the Martins- 
 kirche , to the left of the approach to the cathedral court , is the 
 Ehaetian Museum (PI. E, 3; Sun. 10-12, gratis; at other times 
 1 fr.), containing antiquities, old mural paintings from the epis- 
 copal palace (Death-dance after Holbein) , the cantonal library, a 
 natural history collection, etc. — Three windows in the hall of the 
 Rathhaus(Tl.3 ; D, 3) contain stained glass of the 16th century. — The 
 old cemetery, now the Stadtgarten (PI. C, 3), in the Graben-Strasse, 
 opposite the Cantonal Bank, contains numerous grave-stones of the 
 17th cent. , in good preservation, and a monument to the poet Gau- 
 denz von Salis-Seeu-is (d. 1834), by Kayser of Zurich. 
 
 Environs. Fine view of the town and the Rhine Valley from the Rosen- 
 hiigel (Restaurant) on the Julier road, 10 inin. from thePlessur bridge, with
 
 Environs. COIRE. F^. Route 90. 349 
 
 pleasant grounds. The 'llaldenanlagen'' on the Mittenberg, above the 
 Schanfigg Road (p. 357j also aQ'ord a good view. At the second bend of 
 this road towards the N. there are three lingerposts (the second path the 
 best) indicating the ascent through wood to the (2 hrs.) Mittenberg 
 (3630'), which commands the whole Khine Valley as far as Ilan/. A similar, 
 though less extensive view (now confined by trees) is obtained from the 
 St. Liiciiiskapelle, situated under an overhanging rock in the middle of the 
 wood (3/4 hr. from Coire; following the Schanfigg road for about '/a It., 
 and then ascending to the left). — About 1 M. to the N.E. of the 
 town (pleasant road through vineyards) is the Liirlebad (three inns; 
 G. Morell'a the best). 
 
 On the Pizokel, a wooded hill to the S. of Coire, on the E. side of which 
 the Churwalden road ascends (p. 382), a pleasant forest-path leads to the 
 (p/-z hr.) Schonegg. It diverges by the Rosenhiigel to the W. from the 
 first bend in the road, leading to a fingerpost 'nach Schonegg'. Fine view 
 of the Vorderrhein Valley. Another pleasant path diverges from the same 
 road 2 M. from Coire (fingerpost), to the right, turning back, to the 
 (3/4 M.) Kanzli (about 3930'), a charming point of view. Thence to the 
 Maierisdsse and the (2V2 hrs.) Spontiskopfe (6360'), spurs of the ridge 
 which runs S.W. from Coire towards the Schyn, parallel with the Dom- 
 leschg. View of the Schanfigg Vallev as far as Peist, and of the Vorder- 
 rhein Valley. — The -Stdtzerhorn (8458'), farther to the S., see p. 3S3. 
 
 Bad Passugg (2720'), with a chalybeate spring containing soda and 
 carbonic acid , lies 3 M. from Coire in the wild valley of the Rahiusa 
 (p. 382). A path leads to it in 11/4 hr. from the Todtengut on the Sand. 
 Or follow the Churwalden road to the end of the fourth great bend, turn 
 to the left to the rustic sanatorium of (1 hr.) Miihlerain^ and cross the 
 gorge to the (25 min.) 'Hotel. Thence a foot-path to (i^/i hr.) Chur- 
 walden (p. 383), at first by steps ; then to the right where the path divides, 
 following the course of the Kabiosa ; lastly crossing it and turning to the left. 
 
 The Calanda (9215') may be ascended from Haldensieiu., 3 31. to the 
 N. of Coire (p. 343), in 5V2 hrs. (fatiguing). Guides: Joh. Peter Liitscher, 
 G. Batjinjer, schoolmaster, and Andr. Gyger, of Haldenstein. Club-hut 
 of the S. A. C, 3V2hrs. from Haldenstein and 2 hrs. below the top. Magni- 
 ficent view ; more striking when the ascent is made from Vattis (p. 346 ; 
 7-8 hrs. ; more fatiguing), — The following excursion of 2V2-3 days is recom- 
 mended : in the afternoon by Malix to Parpan 3 hrs. \ next morning ascend 
 the Statzerhorn in 3 hrs. (p. 383) ; descend to Lenz-, go by Alvaschein, and 
 the Schyn-Strasse to Thusis and the Via Mala; drive to Reichenau; dil- 
 igence thence to Coire. 
 
 From Coire to the Schanfigg Valley and to Arosa., see K. 93. 
 
 91. From Landquart to Davos through the Pratigau 
 and to Schuls over the Fliiela Pass. 
 
 Coinp. Maps, pp. 346, 352. ioi. 
 
 Nakkow Gauge Railway from Landquart to (Sli/j M.) Davos-riatz in 
 31/2-4 hrs. (fares 15 fr. 30, 10 fr., 4 fr. 70 c); to Klosters in 2-2\z hrs. 
 (9 fr. 90, 6 fr. 60, 3 fr.). Diligence from Davos-Platz to (31 1/2 M.) Schula 
 thrice daily in summer in 7-8 hrs. (12 fr. 85, coupe 16 fr. 45 c). One- 
 horse carriage from Davos to Schuls-Tarasp 32, two-horse 60 fr. This is 
 the direct route from Rorschach and Coire to the Lower Engadine. 
 
 The Pr&tigau ('meadow-valley'; Roman. Val Partem), a somewhat 
 narrow valley, richly sprinkled with fruit-trees, is noted for its fertility, 
 its excellent pasturage, and its fine breed of cattle. At its mouth and 
 in other places it is covered with the deposits of the Landquart. Among 
 the surroiinding mountains are several snow-peaks. Population (Prot.) about 
 10,000. German is spoken, but, as in the Tyrol, most of the villages have 
 Romanic names , that language having once been spoken here. The 
 Rhaetikon chain, to the N., culminating in the Scesaplana (p. 350), separ- 
 ates the Pratigau from the Montafon (p. 423).
 
 350 T7. Route 91. SCHIERS. From Landquart 
 
 Landquart (1730'), see p. 343. The railway crosses the Land- 
 quart and describes a wide curve to the E., passing the remains of 
 an old entrenchment to (1^/4 M.) Malans (1865'; Krone; Kreuz), 
 charmingly situated 1/2 ^1- from the raHway, with the chateau of 
 Bodmer. 'Kompleter' , the best wine in the Ehine valley, is 
 grown here. We again approach the Landquart, and enter the Klus, 
 a narrow gorge, ^/^ M. long, the entrance to the Prdtigau. On the 
 projecting rocks are a few fragments of the castle of Fragstein-, 
 which once commanded the mouth of the gorge. In 1799 the 
 French had to make a detour in order to capture this defile, which 
 was bravely defended by the peasants. 31/2 M. FeUenhach-Valzeina 
 (ISTC); the second station, is situated in the gorge. 
 
 A steep road ascecds the left bank of the Landquart to the (4V2 M.) 
 Kurhaus Valzeina (4137' ; unpretending, R. from 2, pens. 4-5 fr.), prettily 
 situated in the Valzeinathal^ on the Gii. Thence to the top of the Val- 
 zeinerspitz or Haupt (4598'; tine view), 3/4 hr., easy; to the Ciprianspitz 
 (5833'), 2V2 hrs.. via ff inter- Valzeina. A bridle-path leads from Valzeina 
 over the Stumdboden (4505') and through the Schlundtdbel to (2V2 hrs.) 
 Zizers (p. 343). 
 
 Beyond the Klus the valley expands. We soon reach Pardisla, 
 with the (4 M.) station of Seeicis, Schmitten, with the ruined castle 
 oi Solavers, and (5 M.) Griiscli (2113'; ^Krone; RosengarteTi), on 
 the Taschineshach. Large embankments were constructed across 
 the vaUey in 1847-48 with a view to reclaim the land devastated 
 by the Landquart. 
 
 Carriage-road from the station of Seewis (see above) to the left to 
 (2 31.) Seewis (2985'; '^Kurhaus^ pens. 51/2 8 fr. ; ~H6t.-Pens. Sct&aplana and 
 Pens. Walter, at the E. end of the village, civil landlord, Hr. A. Walser, 
 well acquainted with the district) , a summer resort , charmingly situated 
 on the hillside amidst rich pastures. Pleasant walks to the Tamboden, 
 above the school, and to the Markusplatz 0/4 hr.); to the Emilienhriicke 
 (I/4 hr.) ; to Marnein (3660'; 3/4 hr.); to the Maiensass or chalet of Maian 
 (4282'; 1 hr.): to Stutz (4230'; lV4hr.); to Fadera (3477'; 1 hr.)-, and to the 
 Mannas (3812'; 1 hr). — Ascents (guides, Joh. and Martin Sprecher): 
 The Vilan (7802'; 4 hrs.; guide 8 fr.) aflbrds a splendid view. — Ascent 
 of the Scesaplana (9740'; 6-7 hrs.-, guide 14 fr.~), by the Alp Palus and 
 the (4V2-5 hrs.) Schamella Club Hut (7800'; defective);' thence to the top by 
 a steep path in 21/2-3 hrs. more (comp. p. 422). — Passage of the Cavell-Joch 
 (7563'j to the Liiner See. 6 hrs. (guide 8 fr.), rather toilsome (comp. p. 422). 
 
 7 M. Schiers (2155'; *Post: Stern; Lowe), a pretty village to 
 the left of the railway. On 24th April, 1622, the villagers defeated 
 the Austrians in the churchyard. The women chiefly contributed 
 to the victory, and they have since enjoyed as a reward the privi- 
 lege of first receiving the sacrament. 
 
 Over the Schweizerthor (7054') or the Drusenthor (7710') to (8-9 hrs.) 
 Schvuns^ see p. 423 (both toilsome, and rarely traversed). — Ascent of the 
 Kreuz (7218') by Faiauna and Stelserberg, in 4 hrs., interesting. 
 
 The railway crosses the river , which it follows through the 
 narrowing valley to (10 M.) Furna (Sommerfeld) and across the 
 Farnezahach to (IO1/2M.) Jenatz (24u0' ; '^Sonne; Krone), a large 
 village to the right. 11 M. Fideris (2445'; *NiggU, in Fiderisau, 
 at the station, plain). 
 
 A road ascends here to the right to (1 M.) the village of Fideris (2962';
 
 to Davos. KUBLIS. VI. Route 91. 351 
 
 Inn, belonging to the owner of the baths ; several pensions), where a mon 
 ument to the judge Schneider^ the 'Hofer' of the Vorarlberg, was erected by 
 Archduke John. To the S. of the village (8/4 M. ; road for small vehicles 
 only) is the prettily situated 'Hotel Aquasana (3330' ; E. & A. 2-3';'2, pens. 
 41/2 fr-, R- extra); V* ^I- farther are the Baths of Fideris (3480, situated 
 in a gorge. The water, containing carbonate of soda and carbonic acid 
 gas, is beneficial in pulmonary complaints , like that of St. Moritz , but it 
 is less powerful (pens. 5-6 fr.). 
 
 The railway follows tlie Landquart through a magnificent rocky 
 wooded gorge. To the left, high above, lies the hamlet of Putz., with 
 the ruined stronghold of Castels, destroyed by the 'Gray Confederates' 
 in 1622. From a pine-clad hiU to the right peeps the ruin of Strahl- 
 egg. "We cross the Landquart to the hamlet of Dalvazza, belonging 
 to the parish of Luzein higher up, and then the Schanielenbach to 
 (131/2 M.) Kublis (2690'; *Krone; Steinbock'), a pleasant village. 
 1/2 M. to the E. of the railway. 
 
 From KCblis to the Montavon, over the SI. Antonier-Joeh (7665'), 
 8 hrs. to Gallenkirch, easy. From the village of (3 hrs.) St. Anionien (4660' ; 
 Lotscher) the ''Sulzfluh (9265'; superb view) may be ascended in 4-5 hrs, 
 (trving; with guide). — To Soiircns over the Pavtnun or Grvbtn Pass 
 (7330'), 7-8 hrs.; over the Plasseggen-Pass (7694'), 8 hrs.; both without dif- 
 ficulty. On the Partnun-Staffel , I'/s hr. above St. Antonien . is the 
 finely-situated "EdL-Pens. Sulzfluh (5S66'; modest, pens. 5 fr.). — To Lang- 
 wiES by Centers and the Duranna-Pass, 5 hra., see p. 357. 
 
 The railway begins to ascend (above, to the right, is Confers^ 
 p. 357). It skirts the N. slope, affording fine views, crosses several 
 valleys with waterfalls, and passes a tunnel to (15 M.) Saas (3260'; 
 Post); then high above the Landquart to (I67.2 M.) Serneus-Mezza- 
 selva (3400'; *H6t. Mezzaselva, at the station, moderate). 
 
 A carriage -road, descending to the right and crossing the Landquart, 
 leads hence to the (1 M.) considerable village of Serneus. Up the valley 
 to the left, on the left bank of the Landquart are (1 M.) the Baths of 
 Serneus (3225'; ~Kurhaus, moderate), noted for their sulphur-spring. The 
 route hence to (3 M.) Kloslers crosses both arms of the Landquart, and 
 then keeps to the right, traversing pastures, and ascending the stream. 
 
 The line continues to ascend, high above the Landquart, and 
 crosses the Schlappinbach to (19 M.) Klosters-Dorfli (4190'; *Kur- 
 haus Klosters-Dorfli ; Pens. Schweizerhaus). From the height, we 
 survey the Pratigau, with the finely va\ilted Silvretta Glacier ter- 
 minating the valley to the E.; to the right rise the Roggenhorn 
 (95050 and the Gatschieferspitz (8770'). 
 
 20^2 M. Klosters is prettily situated among pastures and woods 
 in a broad valley, shut in on all sides by lofty mountains, and is 
 much frequented in summer. It consists of the three hamlets of 
 Klosters-Dorfli (see above), Platz (3965'), 1 M. farther, with the 
 church , and Bei der Brilcke (3905'), adjoining, with the station 
 (Restaurant). The hotels in the two last are: at the station: *H6t.- 
 Pens. Vereina; *H6t.-Pens. Brosi, R. from IV2, D. 3, S. 2, B. II/4, 
 board 51/0 fr. — Beyond the bridge : *H6t.-Pens. Silvretta, or Kur- 
 anstalt Mattli, R. 8-4, B. 1, D. 3, S. 2, pens. 8-9 fr. ; ^Pens. 
 Florin- Pens, re^edere, 6 fr., well spoken of. — The Bu/nfaW, V4^I- 
 from the bridge, is well provided with benches.
 
 352 VI. Route 91. KLOSTERS. From Landquart 
 
 ExcuKSioss. (Guides : C. C. Hew, Chr. and W. Jann, and L. Guler.) 
 Attractive short walks to Euje (V/2 hr.), Monbiel (1 hr.), Marienhohe (V2 lir.), 
 the Schwarzsee {V-k hr.), Obere Riiti (11/2 hr.), etc. — To the Silvretta 
 Club Hut (0 hrs.; guide 7 fr., to the glacier 10 fr.), see below. From the 
 hut to the seracs of the Silvretta Glacier. IV2 hr. there and back; to the 
 top of the glacier, 3 hrs. — Gotschna (7435'), BV2 hrs. with guide, past 
 the Schwarzsee (p. 853) and crossing the meadows of Parsenn; Canard- 
 horn (8566'; 5 hrs., via iVo»at, see below; guide 9 fr.) ; Aelpeltispitz (8825'; 
 
 5 hrs. ; 7 fr.), ascended through the Schlappinthal ; and Weissfluh (9343'; 
 via Ober-Laret in 5 hrs.; guide 9 fr.) are fine points, free from difficulty. 
 Casanna (8405' ; 3V2-4 hrs. ; guide 8 fr. ) ; the last part requires a steady head. 
 Pischahorn (9790') via Vereina in 6 hrs. (guide 10 fr.), or through the 
 Monchalpthal in 7 hrs. (guide 12 fr.), not difficult (comp. p. 854). More 
 laborious are the TJngeheuerhorn (9848'-, 5 hrs. from the Vereina Hut, 
 through the Siiserthal; 25 fr.) and the Plattenhorner (highest peak 10,587'; 
 
 6 hrs. from Vereina; 25 fr.). — The Silvrettahorn (10.655'), 4 hrs. from 
 the Silvretta Hut (see below; guide 17, from the hut 10 fr.), the Signal- 
 born (10,538'; from the hut in 4 hrs. (guide 16 or 9 fr.) , and the *Grreat 
 Piz Buin (10,870'), 6 hrs. from the hut (guide 20 fr.). present no danger 
 to experts. More difficult are the Klein-Buin (10.710'), Verstanklahom 
 (10,885'), Seehorner (Gross- Litzner, 10.200'; Gross -Seehorn, 10,250'), and 
 Mddrishorn (9345'). 
 
 Feoji Klostees to Scs, 9-10 hrs., with guide. A narrow road ascends 
 the right bank of the Landguart, which is formed by the confluence of the 
 Sardasca and Vereina, IV2 hr. above Klosters, s.ndle&is'hy Monbiel to (IV2 
 hr.) the Novai Alp (1770'), on the left bank of the Sardasca. We now follow a 
 bridle-path to the risht, and ascend the Vereina Valleu, passing the Stutzalp 
 (6158') to the (IV2 hr.") Vereina Hut (6395'). at the mouth of the Vernela Valley 
 (see below), and to the (V4 hr.) Alp Fremdvzreina (6437')- where the 
 valley divides into the Jorithal to the right and the Siiser-Thal to the 
 left. We ascend the latter to the (272 hrs.) pass of Val Torta, or Ver- 
 eina Pass (8725'), traverse the snow to the left of the Bornli, and 
 descend rapidly by a rough path through the Val Sagliains to (3 hrs.) 
 SUs (p. 406). br, at the upper end of the Suser Thai, we may turn to 
 the right to the Fless Pass (8133') and descend thence through the Val 
 Fless to the Susasca Valley and the Fliiela road (p. 353), 8 M. above 
 Sus. A third route, the finest of all (guide 18 fr.), leads through the Jori- 
 thal (see above), with the seven Jdri Lakes and the extensive Jori Glacier 
 overshadowed bv the Weisshorn (ICISO"), and across the Jori- Fless Pass 
 (8422') to the Val Fless and the Fliiela road. 
 
 Fkom Klostees to Lavin bt the Fdoecla Zadeell, 10-11 hrs. (guide 
 18 fr.), suited for adepts only. From the Vereina Hut (see above) the 
 path ascends the Vernela Valley (see above), passing the cavern of Baretta- 
 Balma, to the Filler Glacier; then a toilsome ascent on the ice to the 
 (6-7 hrs.) Fuorcla Zadrell (Vernela Pass, or Laviner Joch ; 9130'). Steep de- 
 scent into the Val Lavinuoz, to Marangun, and below the precipices of the 
 Piz Linard by the Alp da Mezz and Alp da Doiira to Latin (p. 407). 
 
 Fkom Klostees to Guarda by the Silvketta Pass, 10-11 hrs. (guide 
 20 fr.), fatiguing, but presenting no difficulty to adepts. Road to Novai (see 
 above ; shorter path on the right bank of the Sardasca by Pardenn and 
 Garfivn) and through the Sardasca Valley to the (3 hrs.) Sardasca Alp 
 (5364'); then a new bridle-path to the (2 hrs.) Silvretta Club But (about 
 7480'; Inn in summer) on the Medje-Kopf (8225'). close to the crevassed Sil- 
 vretta Glacier. We then ascend the crevassed glacier to the (3 hrs.) Silvretta 
 Pass to theW. of the Signalhorn (10,520'), skirt the Kleine Piz Buin (10,710'), 
 and finally descend the steep and troublesome Plan-Rai Glacier and the 
 Val Tnoi to (8 hrs.) Guarda (p. 407). — From the Silvretta Hut to Lavin 
 over the Verstanklathor or the Tiatscha- Pass (Fuorcla del Confin), 7 hrs., 
 two trying routes, for adepts only (guide 22 fr.). 
 
 To the Montafon over the Schlappinajoch (S hrs. to Gallenkirch), see 
 p. 423. — Over the Kloster Pass (9185') to the Madlenerhaus and (11-12 hrs.) 
 Patenen (p. 428), fatiguing but interesting (guide necessary).
 
 - V'^ : 
 
 i
 
 to Scfiuls. FLUELA PASS. VI. Route 91. 353 
 
 Leaving Klosters, the railway crosses the Landquart, and as- 
 cends through the Eixtiwald, with a pretty view to the right, as far 
 as the Drosstobel, where it reverses its direction by means of a 
 spiral tunnel, Y4 M. long. Thence it ascends the steep Klostersche 
 Stiitz, a wooded hill, with fine views of the Silvretta group on 
 the left, to (251/2 M.) Laret (4740'; Buffet), and passing the little 
 Schxvarzsee (49451, with the village of Unter-Laret to the left, crosses 
 the Stiltzbach to (27 M.) Wolfyang , at the top of the pass (5357'). 
 The line descends through wood, skirts the E. side of the Davoser 
 See (5125'; 1 M. long), a lake abounding in fish, and drained by 
 the Davoser Landwasser, and passes the mouth of the Fiuela Valley 
 (see below) to (29 M.) Dnvos-Dorfli (p. 354). Thence it follows the 
 right bank of the Landwasser to (31 M.) Davos-Platz (p. 354). 
 
 The FLtJELA Road crosses the Landwasser, at the station of 
 Davos-Dorfli. To the right, at the head of the Dischma Valley, rises 
 the beautiful Piz Vadret (10,565'). We ascend the sequestered Fiuela 
 Valley, on the right bank of the stream, traversing wood, and pass- 
 ing the (4 M.) Inn Zur Alpenrose (6005') and (II/2 ^L) the 
 Tschugyen Inn (6370'), to the bleak upper part of the valley, 
 bounded by barren slopes. (The old bridle-path cuts off the wind- 
 ings of the road.) On the (4 M.) — 
 
 38 M. Fiuela Pass (7835' j '^Flilela Hospice, R. 2, D. 4 fr.) the 
 road passes between two lakes, on the right the Schottensee, with 
 greenish-white glarier-water, on the left the Schwarzfiee, with clear 
 spring-water. To the N. rises the Weisshorn (10,130'), to the S. 
 the Schwarzhorn. 
 
 The *Schwarzhorn (10,340'-, 3-31/2 hrs., guide 8 fr.), an admirable point, 
 is not difficult. We de-^cend the road to the E. for 1 M. and tlien ascend 
 the Radiinthal by a good path to the right, over stony and gra'^sy slopes, to 
 the (IV2 hr.) glacier. Tiiis we cross to the (20 min.) hase of the peak, 
 and ascend its steep S. arete to the (^/^ hr.) top. Imposing panorama: most 
 conspicuous from S. to W. are the Piz Vadret, and hey^nd it the Bernina, 
 Piz Dosde, etc.; the Piz Kesch, Piz d'Aela, Tinzenhorn, Piz Michel (and, 
 farther off, the Valaisian and Bernese Alps); Lenzerhorn, Todi, Glarnisch, 
 Sentis, Scesaplana, in the foreground the Silvretta, the Oetzthaler Ferner, 
 Piz Lischanna, Pisoc, Ortler ; then the valleys of Fliiela, Dischma, Davos, 
 and the Lower Engadine with Ardetz and the castle of Tarasp. 
 
 The road descends the rock-strewn valley in windings, and cross- 
 es the Susasca at (2V4 M.) Chant Sura, by a road-menders' hut 
 (7143'). To the right opens the dreary Val Grialetsch, at the head 
 of which rises the jagged Piz Vadret (10,565 '\ with the great 
 Grialetsch Glacier. The road crosses a torrent from the Val Fless 
 (p. 352) on the left. Fine retrospect of the Schwarzhorn. Farther 
 down, we cross to the right side of the valley and pass through a 
 gallery, beyond which Siis, with its ruined castle, becomes vii^ible 
 in the valley, with the three-peaked PizM€zdi(^. 407) above it. Then 
 a descent in windings (old road to the left shorter) to (3^/4 M.)" — 
 
 44 M. Siis (p. 406); thence to (57 M.) Schuls, see R. 103. 
 
 Baedekek, Switzerland, loth Edition. 23
 
 354 
 
 92. From Davos to Coire via Lenz 
 
 {Landwasser Route). 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 352. 
 
 36 M. Diligence daily in 7V2-&V2 trs. (from Coire to Davos-Platz 
 8-10 hrs); 14 fr. 65, coupe 17 fr. 60 c. — Extea-Post, with two horses, 
 from Coire to Davos-Platz 93 fr. 80 c; through the Schyn Pass 118 fr. — 
 Two-horse carr. from Coire to Wiesen 77, to Davos 110 fr.. incl. fee. — 
 The -Landwasser Road, constructed in 1^70-73, vies in boldness of structure 
 with the Schyn-Strasse and the Via Mala. 
 
 The district of Davos (Rom. Tavau), a lofty Alpine valley, about 8 M. 
 long and V2 M. broad, with 3800 Prot. inhab., consists of pastures and a 
 few corn-fields, sprinkled with cottages and chalets. It is enclosed by 
 wooded mountains, and watered by the Landwasser. Around the five 
 churches of the valley are grouped the hamlets of Dorfli., Am Plaiz (or St. 
 Johann am Platz), Frauenkirch., Glaris, and, in a lateral valley, Monstein. 
 Down to 1848 the district formed one of the 26 sovereign jurisdictions of 
 the Grisons (p. 346). The inhabitants are said to have been originally 
 German immigrants from the Valais, who settled here in the I3th century. 
 
 Railway from Land quart to Davos, see R. 91. 
 
 Davos-Dorfli (5160'; ^Karhaus Davos Dbrfll, pens. 6-7 fr., well 
 sheltered; '^Hot. Fliiela ^' Post, R. & A. 21/2, B. 1, D. 3fr. ; Pens. 
 Gredig, Bellevue, Paul, Villa Vecchia, Sonneck, etc.) is prettily 
 situated at the base of the Schiahorn (SOOC). Opposite, at the head 
 of theDischma Valley, to theS.E., is the Scaletta Glacier with thePiz 
 Vadret (p. 355) ; and to the left rises the Schwarzhorn (p. 3531. 
 
 ^ Pleasant walk to the (I/4 hr.) Davoser See (p. 353). The Weissfluh (9345'; 
 via Meierhof in 4V2 hrs. : guide advisable) is a tine point of view (alternative 
 descent to Langwies, p. 357, or Klosters, p. 352). — The Pischahorn (9790'; 
 51/2 hrs.; guide lOfr.) is ascended without difficulty via Tschuggen, see p. 353. 
 
 13/4 M. Davos-Platz. — *KrEA>-STALT Holsboer, including the 
 Kurhaut Davos and several villas ; *Gr.-H6t. Belvedere, pens. 7-10 fr. : *H6t.- 
 Pexs. d'Angleteree ; *H6t.-Pens. Buol ; 'Hot. Victoria, patronised by 
 the English; *H6t.-Pexs. Gaere; *H6t. Rhatia, R. <fe L. 3, B. I'A, pens. 
 6V2-IO fr. ; *PosT, moderate; *Hot. Steela; *Schweizeehof; Hot. Berg; 
 ''Davoserhof, nearest the station; Rathhaus , moderate; Hot. -Pens. 
 Windsor; Pens. Gelria; Pens. Eisexlohr; Pens. Villa Germania; Villa 
 Battwa; Pens. Kilp ; Tobelmuhle Hotel. — Apartments at the Cen'ral- 
 hof, Schlo-^sli., Villa Letta. Ardiiser House, Villa Fret, Villa Denier, etc. — 
 Cafi^ in the Kurhaus Holshoer ; Cofi-Reftaurant Framiscaner; Restaurant 
 Alpina. Wine at the VeHlnerhalle. — Visitors' Tax IV2 fr. per week. — 
 — Dr. Turban's Sanatorivm for consumptive patients, at the S.W, extrem- 
 ity of the village, in an elevated position, pen-;. 11, children 8 fr. — Mr. 
 F. Far is- Bar low's school for delicate boys (120-140^. per annum). Similar 
 establishments are the Fridericianum (Dr. Perthes), for boys, and Frl. 
 Dickens's school, for girls. 
 
 Carriages. One-horse, to Davos-Dorfli 3 fr., two-horse 5V/2 fr. ; to 
 Spinabad and Glaris 6 or 12, Tschuggen 8 or 15. Schmelzboden Hoffnungsau 
 10 or 18. Fluela Hospice 12 or 22, Wiesen 15 or 28. Tiefenkasten 25 or 
 45, Thusis 35 or 65. Tarasp 32 or 60, Samaden 45 or 80. Pontresina 50 or 
 90 fr. — An Omnibds plies between Davos-Platz and Davos-Dorfli every 
 V2 hr. ; 30 c., there and back 50 c. 
 
 Davos-Platz, or St. Johann am Platz (5115'; pop. 4781), the 
 capital of the district and of the ancient league of the ten jurisdic- 
 tions, with picturesque houses scattered among the pastures, is a 
 favourite summer and winter resort of consumptive patients. It is 
 sheltered by lofty mountains from the N. and E. winds, and the air
 
 DAVOS. VJ. Route 92. 355 
 
 is remarkably pure and dry. The hall of the handsome Rathhaus 
 (*Restaurant on the ground-floor) contains old weapons, stained glass 
 and other curiosities. A band plays at midday and in the evening 
 in Holsboers Kuryarten (adm. only by ticket). 
 
 Walks. To the Stein (Restaurant), above Hotel Buol, with fine view, 
 20 min. — To the Waklhaus (Hot.-Pens) at the entrance to the Dischma 
 Valley, 20 min. — To Davos-Dovfii and the Davoser See (p 353). 1 hr. — 
 Gemsjager, V2 hr. — Schatzberg (6160' 5 refreshm.), 1 hr. ; Strela Alp (6i95'), 
 l'/4hr. ; Gi'iine Alp and Ischa Alp, each 1 hr. — To Frauenkirch, */4 hr. ; 
 baths of Clavadel, 1 hr., etc. 
 
 Ascents (guides. A. Mettier, L. Ardiiser^ A. Corai, and others). ^Schia- 
 horn (8900'). by a new path in 4 hrs. (guide 7 fr.); easy and interesting. 
 — Alteingi'at (7810'), by Glaris, 4V'j hrs., not difficult fguide 8 fr.); easily 
 ascended from Wiesen also, via the Alvascheiner Alp. — "Schwarzhoi'n 
 (10,840'), from the Fluela Pass in 3 hrs. (10 fr.), see p. 353. — Piz Vadret 
 (10,565'). by the Scaletta Pass in 6 hrs. (guide 20 fr.), an interesting glacier- 
 expedition for experts. — Hoch-Ducan (i0,060'j, from Sertig-Dorfli (see 
 below) 6 hrs. (20 fr.). difficult and fatiguing. 
 
 Feom Davos to Scanfs over the Scaletta Pass, 81/2 hrs., attractive 
 (direct route from Davos to the Upper Engadine ; guide advisable). From 
 Davos-Dorfli we follow the high-road to Davos-Platz for a few hundred 
 paces, turn to the left into the Dischma Valley^ and reach (2V4 hrs.) the inn 
 Im Diirrboden (6598'), with a fine view of the Scaletta Glacier. To the 
 left rises the Schwarzhorn (10,340')i ascended hence in 4 hrs. (better from 
 the Flilela Pass, p. 353). The rough, stony path ascends in 2 hrs. more to 
 the Scaletta Pass (8590'), lying between the KUhalphorn (10.110') and the 
 ^caZe«a/<orn (10,065'), on which is a ruined hut. View limited. Descent, very 
 steep at places, but enlivened by waterfalls and views of the lateral valleys 
 with their glaciers, to the Alp Fontauna (7210'), and through the Val Sul- 
 sanna to (2i/2 hrs.) Sulsanna (poor inn) and (1/2 hr.) Capella in the Innthal ; 
 then to (l'/2 M.) Scanfs (p. 405). 
 
 From Davos to Coire by the Strela Pass (Schanfigg, Arosa)^ see R. 93; 
 to Arosa by the Meyenfelder Furka, see p. 35S. 
 
 To Bergun over the Sertig Pass, 8 hrs., interesting (road to 
 Sertig-Dtirfli; then a bridle-path, guide desirable for the unexperienced). 
 About 1 M. to the S. of Davos-Platz the road diverges from the Frauenkirch 
 road to the left, crosses the Landwasser, enters the pretty, wooded Sertig 
 Valley, and leads past (2 M.) the small sulphur-bath of Clavadel (5460'; 
 *Kurhau3, pens. 5'/2-8fr.) and many scattered chalets to(4M.) Sertig-Dorfli 
 (6102'; Gadmer, rustic), with the church of the valley. Above the village, 
 'Hinter denEcken'', the valley divides into the Ducan- Thai to the right, from 
 which a fatiguing route leads over the Ducan Pass (8763') to Filisur, and the 
 KUhalpthal to the left, through which the bridle-path now ascends to the (2V-2 
 hrs.) Sertig Pass (9062'), between the KUhalphorn (see above) and the Hoch- 
 Ducan (10,060'). Fine view of the Porchabella Glacier and Piz Kesch (11,230') 
 towards the S. We then descend to the right past the Raveisch Lakes and 
 through the Val Tuors to the chalets of Chiaclavuot (6106') and (3 hrs.) 
 Bergun (p. 381) ; or we may descend from the pass to the left through 
 the Sertigihal to the (1 hr.) Alp Fontauna (see above) and through the Val 
 Sulsanna to (4 hrs.) Scanfs (p. 405). 
 
 Below Davos are several torrents with their broad stony deposits. 
 The road follows the right side of the valley, whioli is sprinkled 
 with houses and chalets , in view of the tooth-like Tinzenhorn to 
 (2^2 M.) Frauenkirch (*Post, R. 1 V'2"3, pens. 5-7 fr.), protected from 
 avalanches by a bulwark, with a picturesquely situated old church. 
 To the left opens the Sertig Vailaj , in which lies Clavadel (see 
 above). The valley contracts. We cross the Landwasser near the 
 (ii/2 M.) Spinabad (4816'), a sulphur-bath (good, though plain) 
 
 23*
 
 356 VI. Route 92. WIESEN. 
 
 prettily situated amidst pines, and pass (8/4 M.) Glaris (Post), scat- 
 tered on the pastures of the right bank. The road then leads through 
 the picturesque, -wooded valley, on the left bank of the stream, in 
 the direction of the Piz Michel (p. 381), to the (21/2 M.) Schmelz- 
 boden Hoffnungsau (4362'; Inn) , an abandoned foundry. To the 
 right rise the precipitous pine-clad and stony slopes of the Ziige. 
 
 Below the foundry the valley contracts to a wild gorge. The 
 new road (Zugenstrasse) foUows the left bank for 3/^ M. more, leads 
 through a tunnel and an avalanche-gallery, and crosses to the right 
 bank, where it soon begins to ascend. Three more tunnels and an- 
 other avalanche-gallery. The^Bdrentritt. a projecting platform, 250' 
 above the Landwasser, affords a striking view of the grand and wild 
 valley, into which the Sdgentohelfall, 105' high, is precipitated on 
 the right. The road crosses the Sdgentobel and the Brilckentobel, 
 and ascends in long windings to (2^/4 M.) — 
 
 121/2 M. Wiesen, Rom. Tein (4720'; *H6t.-Pens. Bellevue & 
 Palmy ^ pens. 6-8 fr.), on the sunny S. slope of the Rothhomstock, 
 high above the Landwasser, sheltered from the N. and N.E. winds, 
 and frequented as a health-resort. To the S., beyond the deep gorge 
 of the Landwasser, on the green slopes of the Stulsergrat (8790'), 
 lies Jenisberg. Farther distant are the huge Tinzenhorn (10,430') 
 and the Piz Michel (10,375'). 
 
 Walks. Via SUsswinkel to the upper Brilckentobel and the Miihlen- 
 iobel, with their pretty waterfalls (15 min.). — To the Tiefenioiel (see below), 
 20 min. ; the road commands a beautiful view of the Tinzenhorn, 
 Piz Michel, and Piz d'Aela; farther on is (40 min.) Schmitten. Beyond the 
 Tiefentobel we may descend to (1/4 hr.) Bodmen (4162')- with its ruinous 
 houses; pleasant forest-path thence into the gorge of the Landwasser, to 
 the Theerhiltte. and to the Leidhoden (20 min.); then either return to (^/i hr.) 
 Wiesen, or cross the stream and traverse fine larch-forest interspersed ^Tith 
 pleasant glades to flhr.) Filisur (p. 381). — To the (35 min.) 'Jenisberg Bridge 
 (3900'), 273' above the Landquart. A few paces to the left, before reaching 
 the bridge, we have a fine view of the Kdnzeli Waterfall. From the bridge 
 a steep ascent to (l';4 hr.) Jenisberg (5010') : then by a path, very rough at 
 places, high above the Zugenstrasse. with fine views of the Davos valley, 
 to the (lV4"hr.) Hoffnungsau (see above). — To the (3/4 hr.) "BarentriU., and 
 by the romantic Zugenstrasse to Hoffnungsau and to Davos (p. 354), — The 
 Wiesener Alp (6310'; good forest -path, IV2 hr.) is a good point of view; 
 a finer is the 'Sandhubel (90S0'), ascended from the Alp in 2V2 hrs. (riding 
 practicable). 
 
 Beyond Wiesen (1 M.) the road crosses the profound Tiefentobel 
 (with a large avalanche - bulwark above it), and passes through a 
 tunnel. The church of (2M.) Schmitten, Roman, Farrera (4150'; 
 Adler; Kreuz; Krone'), on a grassy hill, now becomes visible. Below 
 the village the Albula unites with the Landwasser. 
 
 To Filisur (p. 381), a footpath which diverges from the road to the 
 left near the church, descends in a wide curve, crosses the Schmitterbach, 
 and joins the Albula road before the (i/^hr.) bridge across the Landwasser 
 between Bad Alvaneu and Filisur, — From Wiesen across the Leidhoden 
 to (I72 hr.) Filisur (boy as guide), see above. 
 
 The road crosses the Schmittertobel to (IV2 ^0 Alvaneu, Rom.. 
 Alvagne (3887'). To the S.E. we obtain a pleasant view of the 
 Bergun Valley, separated from the valley of the Landwasser by the
 
 LANGWIES. VI. Route 93. 357 
 
 Stulsergrat (8790'); in the background rises tlie Albulahorn (^Piz 
 Uertsch, 10,740'}. The road soon descends by a long curve into the 
 large Crapanaira Tobel, where it divides. The road to Tiefeii- 
 kasten descends to Surava (Bad Alvaneu lies to the left, see p. 381), 
 in the Albula valley, and leads to (0^2 M.) Tiefenkasten (p. 384), 
 10 M. from Wiesen. — The road to Coire follows the hill-side, and 
 crosses a covered wooden bridge at the base of the castle of Belfort 
 (3575'), destroyed in 1499, a picturesque ruin on an almost inac- 
 cessible rock. Then (3 M.) Brienz (3713'), and (2 M.) — 
 
 22 M. Lenz (p. 383); thence to Churicalden and (141;'2 M.) 
 Coire, 36i;'2 M. from Davos-Dorfli, see R. 100. 
 
 93. From Coire to Davos through the Schanfiggthal. 
 Arosa. 
 
 Comp. Map., p. 352. 
 From Coire to Arota, 20 M., diligence twice daily in 6 lirs. (descent in 
 31/2 hrs.); carriage with one horse 30, two horses 50 fr. From Langwies to 
 JJavos, by the Strela Pass, bridle-path in 47-2 hrs. (guide or horse 10 fr.). 
 
 Coire, see p. 347. The new Schanfigg road ascends the steep 
 slope of the Miltenherg (p. 349) in long windings, and commands a 
 fine retrospect of Coire and the valley of the Vorderrhein. At (3 M.) 
 an inn below Maladers (3320'), which is not within sight at tirst, it 
 enters the picturesque Schanfiggthal, with its woods and meadows. 
 The Plessur. far below in its wooded gorge, is fed by many affluents 
 from both sides. On the left bank are the Baths of Passugg (p. 349) ; 
 above on the Churwalden road is Malix (p. 383). Beside the bridge 
 which spans the deep ravine of the Calfreiser Tobel is a pretty 
 waterfall. The road passes through a short tunnel below (3 M.) 
 Cai/'rc/scn (4095'); to the left, above the road, rises the ruin of 
 Bernegg. Crossing the Castieler Tobel, we pass through another 
 tunnel and reach (1 M.) Castiel (3960'; Hemmi, good wine), a 
 charmingly situated village with a mineral spring. The road now 
 winds along the mountain-slopes, maintaining a tolerably uniform 
 level and crossing the Glisaurer Tobel and the Gross-Tobel, to 
 (33/4 M.) St. Peter (4125'; Lowe; Pens. Badrutt, 4 fr. daily), and 
 goes on by Peist (4382'; Inn) and over the Pei^ter Tobel, the F/auen- 
 Tobel, and the Grundje-Tobel, to (33/4 M.) — 
 
 131/2 M. Langwies (4285'; *H6t.-Pens. Strela, R.2, B.l, pens. 
 41/2-6 fr. ; Biir), the chief place of the Schanfigg, in a sheltered 
 position. To the S. opens the Arosa-Thal (see p. 357). 
 
 From Langwies to Kublis over the Dur.\nna Pass, 5 hrs., an easy 
 and attractive route. A carriage-road ascends to (IV2 hr.) Fimdei or Strass- 
 herg (6215'), whence a bridle-path leads to the (1 hr.) marshy summit of 
 the pass (6970), between the Weissjfuh (sec below) on the riy:ht, and the 
 Kisienstein (8l3o') on the left. View of the Rhaeticon chain, etc. We 
 descend by the Fideriser Alps to (2 hrs.) Confers (8715). whence a carriage- 
 road leads to (IV2 M.) Kiiblis (p. 351). — The Weissfluh (9345') may be 
 ascended in 3V2 hrs. from Langwies, either via Fondei or via Sapiin amt
 
 358 VI. Route 93. AROSA. 
 
 the Haupter Alp near the Strela Pass (easy and attractive; descent if de- 
 sired to Klosters or Davos, comp, pp. 352, 354). 
 
 Arosa, -which has lately come into favour as a health-resort 
 both in summer and in winter, may be reached in 2 hrs. from 
 Langwies by a new road (diligence daily, see p. 357), -which descends 
 to the E. to the SapunerBach, flo-sving from the Strela Pass [p. 359). 
 Crossing the brook the road ascends through wood on the left bank, 
 passing the (1/2 ^^O gorge of the Biihlenbach with its waterfalls. It 
 then gradually descends to the bridge over the Plessur, whence it 
 again ascends to the (Y2 tir.) Riiti (two Restaurants). About 1 M. far- 
 ther on the road divides. The new road winds up to the right in wide 
 curves and continues at a high level, past the Obersee (see below), 
 to the (3M.) Post Office. The old road (preferable for walkers) leads 
 through wood to the (oOmin.) *Pcns. -Sec/to/" (5625'; 5-6 fr.), prettily 
 situated on the little Vntersee, in the Seegrube, or lower part of Arosa. 
 The other hotels are situated round the partly wooded valley : to the 
 right, V*^^^- above theSeehof, are the Hot. Rhdtia, Villa Germania, 
 Hot. zur Post, *Pens. Rothhorn (4-5 fr. ; post and telegraph office), 
 the * Hot.- Pens. Victoria, and the *H6t.- Pens. Hof- Arosa (41/2- 
 51/2 fr-) ; to the left, a little below the Hof Arosa, lies the *P€ns. 
 Waldhaus (5-6 fr.) ; beyond it, in the wood, the new Grand-Hotel 
 d' Arosa (5692'; pens. 10-12 fr.). About 3/4M. above the Hot. Roth- 
 horn, in Inner- Arosa (6070'), at the head of the wooded region of 
 the valley, are the Villa Ziirrer (pens, from 7 fr.), Hotel Bellevue, 
 the *Pens. Brunold, the* Kurhaus Arosa (672-8 fr.), and to the right 
 on the slope of the Tschuggen the Villas Dr. Herwig, Dr. Jansen, 
 and, on the hill, the Hot.-Pens. Kulm-Arosa, in a sunny situation. 
 These houses are occasionally full in summer, and travellers who 
 have not engaged rooms in advance are liable to disappointment. 
 
 ExcDRSioNS (guides, Jakob Janett, Joh. and Lucius Briisch). From the 
 Villa Herwig by a shady path, or from the Seegrube past the Obersee (57U5') 
 to the Q/2 hr.) "hamlet of Maran (6102'; Pens. -Restaur. Carmenna) and to 
 the (V2 \ir.)Alp Pretsch (fine viewj. — From the Seehof to the (Ihr.) pretty 
 waterfall in the Welschtobel. — From theKurhaus to the top of the Tschuggen 
 (6725'; 1/2 hr. ; easy). From the Kurhaus to the (1 hr.) blue Schwellisee 
 (6295') and the (3/4 "hr.) Aelplisee (7055') at the foot of the Rothhorn (see 
 below). — The Aroser Weisshorn (8710'; 2V2 hrs. from the Kurhaus, 
 with guide, 5 Ir.) is an easy and attractive ascent. — Schiesshorn (8533'), 
 from the Seehof 2-3 hrs., with guide, via FurJca-Obersdss, not difficult. — 
 The*Aroser Rothhorn (9790'; splendid view) is most conveniently ascended 
 through the Welschtobel (5 hrs., with guide, 15 fr.); the descent past the 
 Aelplisee and the Schwellisee takes 3-4 hrs. — Tiejerfluh (9135'; 4 hrs.; 
 guide 12 fr.), via the Meyenfelder Furka (see below), attractive, and not dif- 
 ficult for experts. — Sandhubel (OCiSO*: h/2 hrs.; guide 12^ with descent to 
 Wiesen 15 fr.), through the Welschtobel. also not difficult. 
 
 Passes. From Arosa to Davos by the Meyenfelder Furka (8020') 
 between the Furkahovn (8950) and the Amselfluh (9135), 6 hrs. to Frauen- 
 kirch (p. 355; guide 10, tu Davos 15 fr.). — To Coire by the Chvrer Alpen, 
 an interesting walk (6 hrs., guide not indispensable) commanding a suc- 
 cession of beautiful views, via Maran, Tschiertschen (4430'; Inn), Prada 
 and Passugg (p. 349). A more fatiguing route leads over the Carmenna 
 Pass (7800'). between the Weisshorn and the Plattenhorn , with a steep
 
 REICHENAU. VJ. Route 94. 359 
 
 descent to the Urdenthal and to Tschiertscben (guide to Coire, 15 fr.). — 
 To Parpan, 47.'-5 lirs. with guide (10 fr.), repaying ^ we pass to the S. of 
 the Hornli (8l90') to the I'rder Avgstherg (7380') with it^ small lake, and 
 cross the Urden Fiirkli (853u'), between the Farpaner Weisshorn and the 
 Parpaner Schwarzhorn, to Parpan (p. 3"^). — To Alvaneo through the 
 Welschtobel and across the Furcletta (8455') to the E. of the Piz Aaira 
 (9420'), descending by the Alp dil Gueri and the Alvaneuer Maiensdsse, 
 6-6 hrs. with guide (15 fr. , to the Furcletta only 10 fr.) , toilsome but 
 interesting. 
 
 From Langwibs to Davos, 31/0-4 hrs. The bridle-path (guide 
 unnecessary) over the StrelaPass ascends through woods on the right 
 bank of the Sapuner Bach, then (lOmin.) crosses the Fondeier Bach, 
 and (20 min.) the Sapiiner Bach, and ascends more steeply, at one 
 place high up on the brink of the cliffs. It returns once more to the 
 right bank of the stream, and leads through meadows past Dorfli, 
 Schmitten, and Klip fen (all belonging to the parish of Sapiin), 
 through a treeless upland valley, finally ascending in zigzags to the 
 (21/2 trs. from Langwies) Strela Pass (7800'; fine view), between 
 the Kupfenfluh (860O') on the right, and tlie Schiahorn (8900'; 
 easily ascended from the pass in 1 hr. ; see p. 355) on the left. We 
 descend to the (2/4 hr.) Schatz-Alp and thence either to the right 
 to (3/4 hr.) Davos- Platz (p. 354) or to the left to (1 hr.) Davos 
 Dorfli (p. 354). 
 
 94. From Coire to Goschenen. Oberalp. 
 
 See Maps, pp. 360, 104. 
 
 63 M. Diligence twice daily in llJ/z hrs. (24 fr. 15, coupe 29 fr. 20 c), 
 once via Flims, and once by the new road via Bonaduz , a night in this 
 case being spent at Disentis. — Extra-Post with two horses from Coire 
 to Andermatt 157 fr., with three horses 215 fr.; to Goschenen 155 fr. 40 c. 
 and 227 fr. — Carriage with one horse from Coire to Reichenau 6 fr. ; with 
 two horses to Reichenau 12, Flims 80, Ilanz 45, Disentis 80, Andermatt 135, 
 Goschenen 145 fr. ; from Goschenen to Disentis 70, to Coire 150 fr.; from 
 Andermatt to Disentis 50-60, to Coire or Thusis 130-135, to St. Moritz or 
 Samaden 270 fr.; fee 10«/o of the fare. 
 
 Coire, see p. 347. Beyond the Plessur bridge the road diverges 
 to the right , passing Hosang's Stiftung (an agricultural school). 
 Beyond the Rhine, at the foot of the Calanda (p. 349), lies the village 
 of Felsberg, which is menaced with a fate similar to that of Goldau 
 (p. 101). Part of the rock fell in 1850. The road passes through the 
 large village of (4 M.) Ems, Rom. Domat (1880'), with the scanty 
 ruins of the castle of Oberems. The mounds of earth here and near 
 Reichenau are probably remains of an old moraine. Near Reichenau 
 the road crosses the Rhine by a new iron bridge. 
 
 6 M. Reichenau (1935'; *Adler), a hamlet at the confluence of 
 the Vorder-Rhein and the IJ inter- Rhein. The best view of the 
 rivers is obtained from a pavilion in the garden of M. de Planta, 
 adjoining the Adler. At their junction, the Vorder-Rhein, in spite 
 of its superior volume, is driven back by the boisterous Hinter- 
 Rhein, which descends from the Bernardino. To the W. towers the
 
 360 VI. Route 94. TRINS. From Coire 
 
 Erigelser Horn. The pleasant garden is open to Tisitors, and may 
 be seen during the halt of the diligence ; curious old Inscription 
 on the gardener's house. The Chateau, opposite the entrance to 
 the garden, erected by the Bishops of Coire , and named by them 
 after the Abbey of Reichenau on the Lake of Constance (p. 24), 
 now belongs to Dr. A. v. Planta. In 1793 Louis Philippe sought 
 refuge here under the name of Chabot , and his room and other 
 memorials still exist (^fee 1 fr.). 
 
 From Eeichenau to Thusis (Via Mala) and over the Spliigen to Colico, 
 see E. 96; by the Bernardino to Bellinzona. see E. 98- — Schyn-Road 
 from Thusis to Tiefenkasten, see p. 371; Kunkels Pass to Ragatz. see p. 346. 
 
 *Xew Road fkom Reichenau to Ilakz, 13 V2 M., on the right bank of 
 the Rhine (diligence daily, see above). From Reichenuu to (1 M.) Bona- 
 duz, see p. 370. The road here diverges to the right from the Spliigen 
 road. For I1/2 M. it is perfectly straight and level; then, gradually as- 
 cending, it traverses wood for 3/4 M., beyond which it leads high above 
 the picturesque Vorder-Rheinthal, hewn in the rock at places, and com- 
 manding a fine view. The bold construction of the road is itself inter- 
 esting. We next (1/2 31.) turn sharply to the left into the picturesque 
 valley of the Rabiusa (see below), and descend gradually, passing through 
 a short tunnel, to (2/4 M.) a covered wooden bridge over the Versamer 
 Tobel (2390'; 260' above the stream). We now ascend through pine-woods 
 by numerous windings (which walkers may cut ofl) to (2 M.) Vevsam (2980'; 
 Jogs, rustic), a charmingly situated village, with a fine view. After a level 
 stretch of IV2 M., the road descends towards the valley of the Vorder- 
 R,hein , of which we have a striking view. Opposite , on the left bank, 
 high above the river, lies Laax (p. 361). Further olT, on the same bank, 
 rises the Brigelser Horn (p. 363). We next reach (1 M.) Carrera. Still 
 descending, we cross a picturesque ravine, pass through a tunnel, and 
 reach (1 M.) Valendas (2700' ; Krone, rustic). Again descending, with a fine 
 view before us, we next pass (2^/2 M.) Kdstris , and cross the (IV4 M.) 
 broad stony bed of the Glenner to (V* M.) Ilanz (p. 361). 
 
 Through the Safier Thai, a valley watered by the Rabiusa, a new 
 road leads from Versam to the S. to (12 M.) Safien-Flatz (4265' ; Inn), with 
 a fine fall of the Carnusa on the left. Bridle-path thence over the large 
 Camana Alp to Thalkirch (5545') and the (2V2 hrs.) Curtndtscherhof (5907') 
 at the head of the valley, with a splendid waterfall. Then a steep ascent 
 to the (2 hrs.) pass of the Saferberg or Lochliberg (8170'), from which the 
 path descends by the Stutzalp to (IV2 hr.) Spliigen (p. 375). — To the E. of 
 Safien-Platz an easy route crosses the Heinzenherg by the Glas Pass (6056'; 
 small inn, cheap), and leads through the villages of Tschappina and Urmein 
 to (5 hrs.) Thusis (p. 371). Above Tschappina lies theZwAe 0/ Liiach (6398'), 
 which has no visible outlet. Its water softens the porous slate of its 
 banks to the consistency of mud, and large masses of the strata adjoining 
 it periodically slide down to theXolla (p. 37i). Tschappina itself is built 
 in part on a shifting foundation. 
 
 The Road on the Left Bank ascends from Reichenau to (^/^M.) 
 Tamins, Rom. Tumein (2245'; Post), where we obtain an admirable 
 survey of the Domleschg (p. 370) and its numerous villages , with 
 the Piz Carver (9760') in the background; to the W. is the Vorder^ 
 Rheinthal with the Vnterhorn (9180') and the Piz Riein (9030'). 
 The Lavoi, descending on the right beyond Tamins , forms a line 
 waterfall after rain. At (2 M.) Trins (2820'; good wine at CafliscWs) 
 rises the ruined castle of Hohentrins. At (72 ^1-) ^^99 thie road turns 
 suddenly to the N., passes through a cutting (Porclas), and at the 
 base of the precipitous Flimser Stein (see p. 361) sweeps round the
 
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 to Goschenen. FLIMS. VI. Route 9-1. 361 
 
 Seeboden, a nearly circular basin enclosed by wooded hills. Near 
 ( U/2 M.) Trinser Muhle , Rom. Mulins (2T10' -^ In'O' ^^^ several 
 waterfalls on the right. To the left, farther on, is the small Cresta 
 Lake, surrounded by pines. About 2 M. farther is — 
 
 131/2 M. Films (_36i5'; *H6t.-Pens. Belleoue, at the upper 
 end, good beer; Post), Rom. Fiem, an ancient little town (pop. 797) 
 with several mansions of the Capaul family, which afterwards be- 
 longed to the Salis. 
 
 Excursions (Guides, Rich, and Conr. Joos, Pankraz Koch). A picturesque 
 walk may be taken to the Flembach Waterfall and the Runca Bridge (20min.). 
 
 — Flimserstein {Crap da Flem, 8665'; 5 hrs. ; guide 6 fr., unnecessary), 
 repaying. The path ascends gradually by Fidaz; then through wood, 
 round the S.E. angle of the mountain, to the (I2/4 hr.) pastures of 
 Bargit. Here we ascend to the left by a good path to the hilly pla- 
 teau of the Alp Sura (6896'; milk and bread; V* lir. to the S. of which 
 is a rock aliording a good survey of the Biindner Oberland Mts. and the 
 Todi). In 2 hrs. more we ascend to the arete and the summit, where we 
 obtain a splendid view, especially towards the N., of the Ringelspitz and 
 Piz Dolf. We may descend to "the N.W. towards Segnes, and return to 
 Flims by the Cassons and Foppa Alps. — Vorab (9925'; {i^/-2-1 hrs. ; 20 fr.), 
 a very tine point, also easy (cnmp. p. 68). From Flims to the brink of 
 the Bilndnerbergnrn .^ which has receded greatly, 41/2 hrs.; then up the 
 easy glacier to the (2hrs.) summit, consisting of fragments of slate. Superb 
 view, particularly of the neighbouring Todi group; also of the Sernf-Thal 
 and the Bernese Alps from the (20 min.) X. peak, ih.Q Elmer Vorab (9910'). 
 
 — Ringelspitz (10,265'; Shrs.; 40 fr.), diflicult, only for experts. 
 
 Uver the Segnes Pass to Elm (8 hrs, ; guide 20 fr.), see p. 68. The Mar- 
 tinsloch (p. 68) may be reached in 4-5 hrs. from Flims (guide 18 fr.). — A 
 visit to the upper' /Se(7«es Glacier (guide 10 fr.) hardly repays the fatigue. 
 
 The road leads through the valley of the Flembach and crosses 
 over to the (1 M.) Waldhauser [3445'; ""Hot. Segnes, R. 21/2, B. 
 174, pens. 8-9 fr, ; 7.2 M. farther, on a hill a few min. to the right 
 of the road, the large and well- situated *Kuranstalt Waldhaus- 
 Flims, with five 'de'pendances', R. , L., & A. from 5, board 7^2 ^r.), 
 a pleasant summer resort, with beautiful pine and beech woods. 
 Near it is the FLimser See or Cauma Lake [32S0'), embosomed in 
 wood, without visible outlet. Pleasant swimming baths (1/2 ^r.}, to 
 which a path descends in 10 minutes. 
 
 Traversing sequestered dales and skirting the deep Laaxer 
 Tobel on the left, we next reach (2 M.) Laax (^3324'; *H6t.-Pens. 
 Seeliof, close to the Laaxer See, with baths, pens. 7-8 fr.). (A 
 road to the right ascends in 1/2 hr. to the lofty village of Fellers, 
 Rom. Fallera, 3997'; splendid ♦View.) We now descend into the 
 Rhine Valley (passing Sngtns far below, to the left) and reach 
 Schleuis, Rom. SchLuein (2507'), with the old chateau of Lbwenberg, 
 once the seat of the De Mont family, now an orphan-asylum. Op- 
 posite lies the large village of Kdstris (p. 360), Before us, above 
 llanz, rises the Piz Mundaun. 
 
 201/., M. uanz, Rom. Glidn (2345'; pop. 802; *Hdt. Oberalp, 
 R. , L., & A. from 21/2, B. 11/2^^. ; Hot. Rhdtia, on the right bank, by 
 the bridge ; Lukmanier, on the left bank, D. 31/2 fr. ; Hot. zum 
 Grauen Bund; Krone, plain; one-horse carr. to Disentis 20 fr.
 
 362 VI. Route 94. LUGNETZ VALLEY. From Coire 
 
 and fee), mentioned in a charter of the 8th cent, as the 'first town 
 on the Rhine', built on both sides of the river, was the capital of 
 the 'Gray League' (p. 346). The upper part has narrow streets, and 
 old-fashioned houses adorned with armorial bearings. The population 
 is partly Romanic, partly German ; Romanic alone is spoken higher 
 up the vaUey. Ilanz is beautifully situated, overlooking the Rhine 
 Valley in both directions, and the broad Lugnetz Valley to the S. 
 
 The views are still finer from the old Church of St. Martin (2570'), 
 V4 hr. to the S., on the left slope of the Lugnetz Valley, and trom the 
 chapel of the pretty village of Luvis (3280'), V2 tr. higher. A most superb 
 prospect of the Grisons Obei-land, and especially of the Todi chain to the N., 
 immediately opposite, and of the Rhine Valley down to Zizers (p. 343), 
 is commanded by the 'Tiz Mundaun or Piz Grond (6765'), to the S.W. of 
 Ilanz. The path (4 hrs. ; guide, not indispensable, 5 fr.) leads by Lu- 
 vis (see above), ascends on the S.E. side of the wood, crosses a flat basin 
 obliquely towards the left, and mounts the pastures to the conspicuous 
 (21/2 hrs.) Inn (closed and falling to decay). Then in the same direc- 
 tion, through a depression in the mountain, to the crest, which we 
 ascend to the W. to the top in 1 hr. more. The mediaeval chapel of 
 S. Carlo remains to the left. Those who intend visiting the Lugnetz Valley 
 (see below) may descend direct to Villa (p. 363 ; thence to the top 2 hrs., 
 best way to reach it, guide 3 fr.), or by Morissen (4420'^ Hot. Piz Mundaun) 
 to (2 hrs.) Cunibels (p. 363). — Travellers bound for Disentis, instead 
 of returning to Ilanz, may follow a beautiful path through the district of 
 Obersaxen, the chief village of which is Alaierhof^ and reach Truns (p. 
 364) in 3 hrs. (guide advisable). — Those who ascend the Piz Mundaun 
 from Truns diverge from the road about 3 M. below the village, by the 
 telegraph-post No. 222, to the right, and ascend by a good path, at first 
 through wood. Farther on it overlooks the Ehine Valley and passes the 
 i-uin oi Axenstein. After 2 hrs., beyond the chapel oi St. Valentin., by 
 a crucifix on this side of a ravine , we descend to the left into the val- 
 ley and reach (V2 hr.) Maierhof (4270'; *Casanova, rustic). Then up sunny 
 pastures to the top of the Piz Mundaun in 272 hrs. more. 
 
 The Lugnetz Valley, watered by the Glenner , 18 H. in length (pop. 
 Rom. Cath. and Romanic), is one of the finest in the Grisons. Road to 
 Vals-Platz (14 M.; diligence from Ilanz daily in 4 hra. 10 min.; fare 3 fr. 
 30c.) on the left bank, past the ruin of Kastelberg and through the (3 M.) 
 Frauenthorj Rom. Porclas (3336'), once the key to the upper valley. On 
 the opposite bank of the Glenner, high above the Rieiner Tobel , lies the 
 village of Eiein, and beyond it are Pitasch and Duvin. Beyond (3/4 M.) the 
 chapel of St. Moritz (35u4') the road divides : the right branch ascends to 
 Villa and Vrin (see below) ; that to the left descends to the village of Peiden 
 and the (IV2 M.) sequestered Peidner Bad (2690'), on the right bank of the 
 Glenner, at the mouth of the Duviner Tohel (a haunt of the chamois), with 
 three chalybeate springs. Then (IV2M.) Furth ('ibtiO': Schmid's Inn., tolerable; 
 Piz Mundaun)^ at the confluence of the Vriner and Valser Rhein, which are 
 separated by the Piz Aul (10,250'). Opposite lies the picturesque Oberkastels 
 (3274'). We now ascend the wild Valser Thai, or St. Petersthal, by St. 
 Martin, Lunschania, and Ca7n2)0 to (71/4 M.) Vals-Platz, or St. Peter (4094'; 
 Hdt. Vaher Therme, new; '-Fem. Albin., H6tel Piz Aul., both plain;, with 
 hot springs. From Vals-Platz a well-trodden bridle-path leads through the 
 Peiler Thai, a side-valley to the S.E., to the Valtatsch Alp (6178'), the 
 Valser Berg (8225'), and (5 hrs.) Kufenen or Hinterrhein (p. 3;8). The 
 " Weissensteinhorn or Piz Tomiil (9675'; 4 hrs.; guide 7fr.), ascended from 
 Vals-Platz, is an admirable point of view; another is the 5dVenAor» (9620'; 
 4 hrs., with guide); from both we may descend into the Sailer Thai (p. 360). 
 The Piz Aul (1U,250') is difficult (better from Vrin, see below). To Vrin 
 over the Fuorcla da Patnaul (9113'), to the S., between the Piz Aul and the 
 Faltschonhorn, or over the Sattelteliicke (9082'), between Piz Aul and Piz Se- 
 ranastga, both laborious (6-7 hrs.; with guide).
 
 to Ooschenen. VEIN. VI. Route 94. 363 
 
 The S.W. branch of the valley (Val Zervreila)^ watered by the Valser 
 Rhein, divides at the hamlet of Zervreila (bSiO'\ poor Inn), 3V4 hrs. above 
 Vals-Platz, into the Lentathal to the S.W. and the Kanalthal to the S. — 
 A toilsome route, requiring a guide, leads through the latter, across the 
 Kanal Glacier and the Zapportgrat (9314'), and down the Plattenschlucht 
 to the Zapportthal and (9 hrs.) Hinterrhein (p, 378). — In the grand and 
 interesting Lentathal, 1 hr. above Zerveila, is the beautiful Lampertsch- 
 Alp , or Sorreda-Alp (G5S0'; bed of hay). Thence over the Vernok or 
 Vanescha Pass (98U6') to Vrin (see below) in 6-7 hrs., or over the Sorreda 
 or Scaradra Pass (9088') to Olivone (p. 369), 8 hrs.. both routes toilsome; 
 over the Lentaliicke (9692') to Hinterrhein (p. 878; 9-10 hrs.), difficult, for 
 experts only, with good guides. 
 
 The road ascending to the right by the chapel of St. 3Ioritz (p. 362) 
 leads to Cumbels, Villa (4O80'; Post, rustic), Vigens, Lnmbrein, and (4 hrs.) 
 Vrin (4770'; '•^Post, plain; Casanova, poor), the principal village in the 
 Vrinthal or Upper Lugnetz Valley (from Ilanz to Vrin, 13V2 M., diligence 
 daily in 4V4 hrs.). From Vrin we may easily ascend the Piz Regina 
 (8294'; 4 hrs. ; guide advisable) , a fine point. Piz Cavel (9G60'; 5-6 hrs.), 
 ascended by the Ramosa Alp and the Fuorcla de Ramosa (8694'), also 
 easy; descent to the N. to the Cavel- Joch (p. 364), if preferred. Piz Aul 
 (10,2o0'; 6-7 hrs.; with guide; superb view), by the Seranastga Alp, dif- 
 ficult, for adepts only. Piz Terri (99"J6'), also difficult, is ascended from 
 the Vanescha Alp, 1^4 hr. from Vrin, in 5 hrs., by the Blengias Alp and 
 the Oiida Glacier. Route over the Vanescha Pass to Zervreila, see above 
 Over the CavelJoch to Somvix, see p. 36i. — From Vrin, with a guide (to 
 Olivone 18 fr.), we ascend past the mouth of the Val Vanescha (see above), 
 to St. Giusepp, Puzatsch, the Alp Diesrut, and the (3 hrs.) Pass Diesrut 
 (7953'), on the S. side of the Piz Tgietschen (9377'). Descent to the Camona 
 Alp (7333'), at the head of the Val Somvix (p. 364), and again a gradual 
 ascent, passing the Piz Vial (10,387') and the Piz Gaglianera (10,243') on the 
 right, and the Piz Coroi (9130') on the left, to the Greina Pass (Passo Crap, 
 7743'). We next descend through the wild Val Camadra or upper part of the 
 Val Blenio, with the Piz Medel (10,510') on the right, by Daigra, Cozzera, 
 and Ghirone, to (372 hrs.) Olivone (p. 369). Or, halfway between the Ca- 
 mona Alp and the Greina Pass , we may cross the low Monterascio Past 
 (7415'), to the left, to the Monterascio Alp, and descend the picturesque 
 Val Luzzone to Lorciolo, Cavallo, Davresco, and Olivone (shorter than the 
 Greina route). 
 
 Road from Ilanz by I'er^aw to Bonaduz and Reichenau, see p. 360. — 
 From Ilanz to Elm over the Panixer Pass or the Selher Furka, see p. 68. 
 To Linththal over the Kisten Pass, see p. 63. 
 
 The road follows the N. side of the narrow Rhine Valley, here 
 called Pardella; beyond (1 M.) Schnaus it crosses the Sether-Bach, 
 and beyond (IV2 ^^0 ^"'^ ? beautifully situated on the hill to the 
 right, the Panixer -Bach. On a rocky hill to the right rise the 
 picturesque ruins of the robbers' stronghold of Jorgenberg (^3100'). 
 
 To the right, 1 M. above the bridge t>f Kuis, a road (diligence from 
 Ilanz daily in 2 hrs. 20 min.), commanding fine views, ascends by the vil- 
 lage of Waltensburg (3300') to (4 M.) Brigels (4230'; "Hot.- Pens. Fausia- 
 Capaul), prettily situated amid pastures. Above it the Val Frisal, with 
 the glacier of that name, ascends to the Bi/erlenstock (11.240'). which, as 
 well as the Piz Frisal (10.810') and the Brigelser Horn (10,663'), may be 
 ascended from the Val Frisal (all difficult; see below). 
 
 Farther on, the scenery is inferior. To the right rises the Bri- 
 gelser Horn (see above). The Rhine is crossed near (i'/o M.) Tava- 
 na8a(2620'; *Kreuz), and again near (3 M.) Zignau or Rinkenberg. 
 High up on the N. slope lies Brigels (see above) ; then Dardin and 
 Schlans. Before reaching Rinkenberg we observe on the left the
 
 364 VI. Route 94. TEUNS. From Coire 
 
 stony chaos formed by the inundations of the Zignauer Bach de- 
 scending from the Zavragia Ravine. By the bridge we enjoy a de- 
 lightful view, embracing numerous villages, chapels, and ruined 
 castles on the richly clothed slopes. 
 
 We next pass (I72 M.) the Chapel of St. Anna, on the right, 
 erected in 1778 the spot where the '■Upper' or '■ Gray League' (p. 346) 
 was founded in March. 1424, and adorned with old frescoes and 
 verses. A few paces farther is — 
 
 32 M. Truns (2820'; ""Krone; Zum Todi). The haU of the old 
 Statthalterei of the abbey of Disentis is adorned with the arms of the 
 members of the Gray League, and of the magistrates since 1424. 
 
 The Val Puntaiglas, ascending rapidly to the K"., ends in the Puntal- 
 glas Glacier. Ascent of 2 hrs. from Truns to the Alp Puntaiglas (about 
 5050'), with a fine view of the Brigelser Horn, Piz Mut, Piz Ner, etc. The 
 S. peaks of the Todi group, Piz Urlaun (11,060'), Biindner Todi (10,226'), 
 and Brigelser Horn (or Kavesirau Grond, 10^663'; very difficult) , may be 
 ascended hence. Ascent of the Todi-Russein by the Gliemspforte, see p. 63. 
 
 Beyond (i^/^ M.) Rabius (3133') we obtain a glimpse, to the 
 left, of the grand Piz Gaglianera (10,243'), with its glaciers, at the 
 head of the Val Somvix. Then (ii/2 M.) Somvix (3458'-, Weisses 
 Kreuz, poor), conspicuously situated on a height, as its name (^sum- 
 mus vicus' ) intimates. 
 
 The Val Somvix, which here opens to the S. , deserves a visit. 
 We cross the Rhine to (}|^ hr.) Surrhein, and ascend by a good bridle- 
 path on the left side of the valley, through wood and pastures, to Val and 
 the (IV2 hr.) Somvixer or Teniger Bad (4176'; unpretending). Farther up 
 (V2 hr.), we pass the Alp Valtenigia, where the glaciers of the Piz Vial 
 (10,387') are revealed, and the mouth of the Val Lavaz, and reach (i hr.) 
 the rock-girt head of the valley, where the Greina forms a fine water- 
 fall on the left. The path ascends steeply on the E. side of the valley 
 to the rocky defile of ia Fronscha, and divides higher up: to the left 
 to the Diesrut Pass (p. 363), and to the right to the Greina Pass (p. 363). 
 — Passes. From the Teniger Bad (see above) over the Cavel-Joch (8320') 
 to Villa, 7 hrs., not difficult. From the pass the Piz Gavel (9660'; fine view) 
 may be ascended in IV2 hr. — Over the Valgronda-Joch (9120') to Tava- 
 nasa or Maierhof, 7-8 hrs.; with guide. — Over the Lavaz-Joch to 
 CuEAGLiA, 7-8 hrs., with guide, an attractive route. From the Teniger Bad 
 (see above) we ascend on the left side of the valley, through wood and 
 rhododendrons, to the Alp Rentiert, where from the heap of stones (6640') 
 we get a splendid view of the Todi. We may now either cross the Fuor- 
 cla de Stavelatsch (8376'J to the right, or turn to the left and skirt the E. 
 slopes of Piz Rentiert (keeping to the right on the hill, by the chalet of 
 Rentiert-Dadens), to the (2 hrs.) chalet of Stavelatsch (7682') in the Val La- 
 vaz. Opposite are the two glaciers descending from the Piz Vial and Piz 
 Gaglianera (10,243') and the Lavaz Glacier. Thence to the Lavaz-Joch (8232') 
 an easy ascent of 3/4 br. ; the ridge to the N. of the pass commands a 
 fine survey of the Medelser Glacier and of the Bernese Alps to the W. 
 Steep descent over grassy slopes to the Alp Sura (6526'), and through Val 
 Plattas to (2 hrs.) Curaglia (p. 368). 
 
 The road between Somvix and Disentis is very boldly constructed. 
 A lofty wooden bridge (2^4 M.) carries it over the profound Russeiner 
 Tobel. (Below, to the right, a fingerpost indicates the ^ath to the 
 Sandalp Pass ; see p. 365.) Above the (3/4 M.) Stalusa Bridge is a 
 small waterfall. Near (IY4 M.) Disentis, on the left, is the Disen-
 
 to Ooschenen. DISENTIS. VI. Route 94. 365 
 
 User Hof, built on the site of the chateau of Castelherg , which was 
 burned down in 1830. 
 
 391/2 M. Disentis [3773'; Desertinum, Disiert, i.e. desert), Rom. 
 Muster {*Disentiser Ho f, with fine view, recommended for a stay, R., 
 L., & A. 4-6, D. 41/2, S. 2V2, pens. 9 fr., whey and chalybeate water ; 
 *H6tel zur Krone, pens. 6fr.), a small town of 1329 inh., is protected 
 against avalanches by a forest. The foundation of the Benedictine 
 Abbey in the 7th cent, soon brought Christianity into the remote val- 
 leys of the Grisons ; and the abbots, enriched by liberal endowments, 
 afterwards acquired great power in Rhsetia. The large abbey-build- 
 ings, on a height, now contain a school. 
 
 Near Disentis the Medelser-Rhein or Mittel-Rhein (p. 368) unites 
 with the Vorder-Rhein. A fine view (especially by evening-light) 
 is obtained of the Medclser Glacier, and far down the valley, from 
 the Chapel of Acletta, with an old altarpiece, at the entrance to the 
 Aeletta VaUey (4236'}, V2 ^n'- W. of Disentis, to the right of the 
 road to Sedrun. 
 
 Excursions. (Guides: J. Petschen, the schoolmaster; /. M. Schuolery 
 hunter; P. Tenner and Jos. Euonder.) Walk on the ^Lukmanier Road to 
 (41/2 M.) Guraglia (p. 36S), interesting. Also by the chapel of St. Gada, 
 with old frescoes, to Momp^-Medel (1 hr.), on the right bank of the Rhine, 
 with fine view. To Crest-Muntatsch ('^ hr.); Alp Lumpegnia (I'/ehr.), etc. 
 
 The fine pyramid of -Piz Muraun (9510' ; 6'/2 hrs. from Disentis) is best 
 ascended from Curaglia (4 hrs. ; guide 8 fr., p. 36S). Superb view from 
 Monte Rosa to the Ortler, especially of the neighbouring Todi group, grander 
 than from Piz Mundaun (p. 362). — Piz Pazzola, see below; Piz 3Iedel, Pie 
 CristaUina, see p. 368. — Crap Alv (9784') and Piz Ault (9957'), from the 
 Val Acletta (each 5 hrs.; not difficult). 
 
 From Disentis over the Lukmanier (6290') to Olivone, see p. 368; through 
 the Val Piora to Airolo, see p. 106. — Over the Sandalp Pass to Sta- 
 CHELBERG, 11-12 hrs., with guide (26 fr.), trying. We ascend the Val Rvssein 
 (see p. 36i) to the Sandalp Pass {Sandyrat; 9120') between the Lesser TSdi 
 or Crap Glarun (10,072') on the E. , and the Catscharauls (10.050') on the 
 W., and descend the Sand-Firn to the Upper Sandalp. Thence to Linththal^ 
 see p. 63. — Ascent of the Todi by the Porta da Spescha, and descent to 
 Linththal, 18-19 hrs., for thorough adepts only, with able guides (see p. 63). 
 
 From Disentis over the Brdnni Pass (8875') to the Maderaner Thai (to the 
 Hot. Alpenclub 8-9 hrs. ; guide 20 fr.), see p. 115. 
 
 The road to (19V2 M.) Andermatt , which lies lower than 
 the old route, ascends the valley of Tavetsch, leaving the hamlets 
 Acletta, Segnas, and Mompe Tavetsch (4584') to the right. From 
 the height, where the road enters a wood, we obtain a beautiful 
 view of the Disentis district, which is very striking when approached 
 from Andermatt. The valley contracts. The road traverses woods 
 and pastures , overlooking the infant Rhine in its deep valley, and 
 in view of the snow-clad mountains which we now approach. 
 
 45 M. Sedrun (4587'; Krone, plain), locally known as Tavetsch^ 
 sometimes Sadrun, is the principal village in the Val Tavetsch. 
 The church contains an old altar in carved wood. 
 
 *Piz Pazzola (8470'; 4 hrs.; guide unnecessary), to the S., between 
 the Val Medel (p. 368) and the Val Gierm , is worth visiting. We cross 
 the Rhine to Surrhein, and the gorge of the Val ^''alps (see p. 366) to the 
 (7-2 hr.) hamlet of Cavorgia (4426'); then cross the Gierm and ascend to
 
 366 VI. Route 94. CHIAMUT. From Coire 
 
 to the right, over pastures and through wood, to the (iVzhr.) Paz tola Alp 
 (6150'), with a fine view, and (2 hrs.) the top without difficulty. Magni- 
 ficent view, particularly of the Todi and the Medel Mts. 
 
 In the lonely Val Nalps, the head of which ia enclosed by lofty 
 mountains and glaciers, 3 hrs. from Sedrun, lies the Alp Nalps (5991'), and 
 2 hrs. hip;her is the Ufiern Hut (7550'), the startingr-point for the Piz del 
 Laiblau (9720, Piz Rondadura (9906'; comp. p. 368), Piz Bias (9920'), Piz 
 Ufiern (9900'), Piz Git (97M'), Piz Serengia (9803'), etc. (each about 3 hrs.). 
 A tolerably easy route (with steep descent) leads hence across the Nalps 
 Pass (9035') to the Val Cadlimo and the Uomo Pass (p. 107). Another 
 (trying) leads to the E. over the Rondadura Pass (8904') to the Hospice of 
 S. Maria fp. 368). A third crosses the col between the Piz Furcla and 
 the Piz Paradis to the Val Cornera (p. 367). 
 
 Feom Sedkun to Amsteg over the Kreuzli Pass (7645'), 8 hrs., rather 
 trying (guide 15 fr). The steep path ascends the bleak rocky iStrimihal, 
 at the head of which the pass lies to the left (W.), at the S. base of the 
 Weitenalpstock (p. 115). Guide necessary only to the point beyond the pass 
 where the Etzlibach, descending from the Spiellaui-See to the W., becomes 
 visible. We cross the stream to Cuhna (6322') , the highest Alp, and des- 
 cend the EtzUthal . past the chalets of the Hintere and Vordere Etzlialp 
 to Bristen and Amsteg (comp. p. 116). — The Oheralpstock {Piz Tgietschen^ 
 10,925') may also be ascended from Sedrun (6 hrs.; 15 fr.); comp. p. 115. 
 
 From Sedrun the road leads through Camischolas , Zarcuns, and 
 (11/2^0 Rueras or S. Giacomo (4597'), crosses the brook descend- 
 ing from the Val Hilar ^ and soon afterwards, near the hamlet of 
 Dieni, that which issues from the Val Giuf (both N. lateral valleys). 
 To the left, on a rock above the ravine of the infant Rhine, stands 
 part of the ancient tower of Pultmenga, once the ancestral seat of 
 the Pontaningeu or Paltingen family. 
 
 Walkers will prefer the so-called 'Summer Rodte' to the high-road, for 
 the sake of the views (guide desirable). It diverges to the right by a finger- 
 post (to 'Pass Tiarms ), ascends a spur of the Crispalt (10,105'), above the 
 hamlet of Crispausa which lies to the left, and leads past the chalets of MiUz 
 and Scharinas amidst the richest pastures in thi" district. It now skirts the 
 brink of the slope, overlooking the Rheinthal, turns to the right into the 
 bleak Val Terms or Tiarms, crosses the Gdmmerrhein (Rom. Vala) by the 
 Alp Culm de Val (6420'), and ascends to the Pass da Tiarms (7067'), between 
 (r.) the Piz Tiarms or Berglistock (9564') and (1.) the Calmot (7598'), where 
 we get a fine view of the Vorder-Rheinthal as far as the Vorarlberg and 
 Rhsetikon Mts. Descending to the Oberalpsee (p. 367), we keep to the left 
 in order to avoid a marsh, and regain the high-road 2V2 hrs. from Sedrun. 
 
 The high-road follows the direction of the old 'Winter-Route' on 
 the left bank of the Vorder-Rhein and passes the Chapel of St. Brida, 
 below the hamlet of Crispausa, and the poor villages of Selva (5046') 
 and (2 M.) Chiamut, or Tschamut (5380'; *Zur Rheinquelle, plain; 
 minerals), which consist of a few wooden huts and a chapel. In front 
 of us rises the Six-Madun or Badiis, behind the second terrace 
 of which lies the Toma Lake (see below). Chiamut is probably the 
 highest village in Europe where rye is grown. The road crosses 
 (1/2 M.) the Gdmmerrhein near its influx into the Vorder-Rhein, 
 and (1 M.), opposite the Alp Milez, turns to the right (N.W.) into 
 the Val Surpalix , between the Piz Nurschallas on the left and the 
 Calmot on the right. The Vorder-Rhein (Aua da Toma, or Darvun) 
 descends in a series of falls from the slope to the left. 
 
 Source of the Vorder-Rhein. The Vorder-Rhein rises in the Toma Lake 
 (7690'), on the N.E. slope of the Six-Madun or Badus (p. HI). The path
 
 to Goschenen, OBERALP. VI . Route 94. 367 
 
 to the lake (guide advisable) diverges from the road to the left, V/i M. 
 above Chiamut (see above) ; near the Alp Milez it crosses the brook emerg- 
 ing from the Val Surpalix, and ascends to the Oji hr.) Alp Tgietlems. 
 Above this Alp (avoid path to the left, crossing the brook) vee ascend 
 the pastures to the right, on the left bank of the Fil Toma , the brook 
 descending from Piz Nurschallas. After about 1 hr. -we, turn to the left 
 and soon reach the rocky barrier behind which the lake lies. The Toma 
 Lake (27*2 hrs. from Chiamut), a green lake, very deep, and de-^titute of 
 fish, about 270 yds. long and 130 yds. broad, is bounded on the S. and 
 S.W. sides by precipitous rocks and stony slopes, and on the N. and N.W 
 by pastures. The Badus (9615'; comp. p. Ill) cannot be ascended direct 
 from the lake, the rocks being here too steep; but by going round to the 
 N. side we may reach the top without much difficulty in 2 hrs. (guide 10 fr.). 
 
 The Piz Nurschallas (9003'), running out from the Badus to the N. 
 (from the Oberalp Pass 2, from Chiamut 3V2 hrs. ; guide unnecessary), is 
 easy and interesting. We follow the Toma Lake route, diverge to the right 
 where it turns to the left, ascend steep pastures , and lastly mount the 
 broad S. arete to the summit. Superb survey of the Reuss and Vorder- 
 Rhein valleys and the mountains enclosing them. Easy descent to the 
 Oberalp Pass, IV4 hr. 
 
 To the S. of Chiamut the Val Comera, the mouth of which is a 
 pathless ravine, ascends to the frontier chain of Ticino, and from it the 
 Val Maigels diverges to the W., IV2 hr. from Chiamut. Toilsome routes 
 lead from the Val Cornera over the Paxso Vecchio (890*^') to the Val Cad' 
 limo and Piora (p. 107); from the Val Maigels, to the S., over the Passo 
 Bornengo (8(-'50') to the Val Canarta and Airolo (p. 106); and to the W., 
 over the Maigels Pass (7940') or the Lohlen Pass (7835'), to the Unteralp- 
 Ihal and Andermatt (p. 111). 
 
 The road ascends the sequestered Val Surpalix in long windings 
 (which paths cut off; one ascending to the left by the first bend, 
 and bearing to the right, leads to the pass in 3/^ hr.). It affords 
 views of the Crispalt and Berglistock, and of the Piz Cavradi, Piz 
 deir Ufiern, and Piz Ravetsch behind us. The f52 M.^ Oberalp Pass 
 (6710'), 31/2 M. from Chiamut, forms the boundary between the Gri- 
 sons and Uri. Extensive turf-diggings and new fortifications. (The 
 diligence ascends to the pass from Chiamut in 70 min. ; descent 
 40 min. ; descent to Andermatt 1 hr, 10 min., ascent 2 hrs.) 
 
 The road rounds theE. end of the somhveOberalp$ee(GQb4='; IM. 
 long), abounding in trout f to the right the road to the Pass da Tiarms, 
 p. 366), skirts its N. bank to the (1/9 hr.) Hot.-Pens. Oberalpsee 
 at the W. end, and then traverses the nearly level Oberalp (6443'). 
 About 2 M. from the pass we obtain a view of the Ursernthal, 
 vdth the Furka towards the W. (p. 117). The old patli descending 
 here to the left direct to (7-2 ^i"-) Andermatt is steep and stony, and 
 affords little view. The road' remains on the hill a little longer, and 
 then descends by nine long windings to (6 M. from the lake) — 
 
 59 M. Andermatt (4738'); thence to (4 M.) — 
 
 63 M. Goschenen, see pp. Ill, 110. 
 
 95. From Disentis to Biasca. The Lukmanier. 
 
 Coinp. Maps, pp. 360, lOi, 374. 
 38 M. Diligence in summer daily in 83/4 hrs. (from Biasca to Disentis 
 in 9 hrs.); fare I3fr. 10, coupd 16 fr. 20c. Carriage and pair from Coire 
 to Olivone 140, to Biasca IW^ fr. Except the lower part nf the road, as 
 far as Curaglia, the scenery is not very striking. Inns unpretending.
 
 368 T7. Route 95. VAL MEDEL. From Disentis 
 
 Dlsentis, see p. 365. — The road crosses the Vorder-Rhein by a 
 handsome bridge [3488') and enters the Val Medel, the -wild ravine 
 of the Mittel-Rhein, along the left bank of which it is carried by 
 means of cuttings and tunnels (eleven as far as Curaglia). At the 
 end of the gorge, of which we obtain several striking views, we 
 cross (23/4 M.) to the right bank of the Ehine and ascend in long 
 windings (cut off by paths) to (^/^M.) — 
 
 31/2 M. Curaglia (4370'; Hot. Lukmanier), a village at the 
 entrance to the Val Plattas, which ascends to the S.E. to the Medel 
 Glacier. (Over the Lavaz-Joch to Somvix. p. 364.) To the S., at 
 the head of the Val Medel, appears the Piz Cristallina (10,265'), 
 with its glacier. — *Piz Muraun (9510'; 4 hrs.), see p. 365. 
 
 Follovring the right side of the pleasant Val Medel, the road 
 passes the (1V4^^-) straggling village of Platta (4528' ; Post), a 
 picturesque waterfall on the Rhine (to the right of the road), the 
 hamlets of Pardi, Fuorns. and Ada (beautiful Fumatsch waterfall 
 of the Rhine), and (21/4 M.) Perdatsch (5093'); at the mouth of 
 the Val Cristallina. 
 
 The wild "Val Cristallina, noted for its cheese, contains several fine 
 waterfalls, particularly in the EoUenschlmid (Val Ufiern). From the head 
 of the valley two easv passes, the Passo Cristallina f78S7'). passing the Logo 
 Reiico {Redig-See: TS02'). and the Passo d'Hfern (8727'), between the Cima 
 Camadra and the Cima Garina , lead to Olivone (p. 369). — The Piz 
 Cristallina (10,265'; 4'/2 hrs.: good guide necessary) is ascended from 
 Perdatsch by the Col Crisfallinn (not to be confounded with the Passo 
 Cristallina) without difficultv. Grand survev of the Medel and Piheinwald 
 Mts. Piz Ufiern (10.346': 5V2 hrs.) is more difficult. — The Piz Medel 
 (10.510'; 6 hrs.) is best ascended from the Yal Platfas on the X. side; a 
 night is spent on the Alp Sura (p. 364). 2 hrs from Curaglia; thence over 
 the steep and crevassed Plattas Glacier to the isolated rock called Rifugi de 
 Camotsch (S605'), and over the Medel Glacier to the top in 4 hrs. (trying). The 
 descent may be made either over the Comodra Glacier to the Passo d^Ufiern 
 (see above) or to Ghirone in the Val Camadra (p. 363). 
 
 Above Perdatsch the Rhine forces its way through the rocks to 
 a lower part of the valley. The road ascends by a long bend to 
 St. Gion (5298'), a group of hovels with a hospice , and traverses 
 a 'svild, rock-strewn valley, scantily overgrown with grass, willows, 
 and rhododendrons. The hospice of St. Gall (5514') is passed on 
 the opposite bank. By the Alp Scheggia we cross to the left bank 
 and reach (5 M. from Perdatsch) the hospice of — 
 
 12 M. S.Maria (6043'; Inri)., anciently called Sancta Maria 
 'in loco magno\ whence perhaps the name of the pass. 
 
 To the E. rises the Scopi or Sl-upil (10,500' ; ' Tschvph\ summit, or 
 crown); ascent from the hospice in 8V2-4 hrs. (guide 12 fr.), not difficult, 
 at first over steep grassy slopes, finally over debris of weathered slate 
 and the rockv arete. Extensive view. The descent may be made to the 
 E., to the Boarina Alp (6140') in the Val di Campo (3 hrs.) and via Campo 
 (beyond which there is a carriage-road) to (3 hrs.) Olivone (see below). — 
 Piz Rondadura (9905'), to the W. of S. Maria (3V2 hrs.), also easy. 
 
 From S. Maria to the ffotel Piora (3 hrs. -, guide 10. horse 25 fr.) and 
 Airolo, see p. 107. — Over the Roadadura Pass to Val Nalps., p. 366. 
 
 The road now crosses for the last time the Mittel-Rhein, which 
 rises in several little lakes in the Val Cadlimo, opening on the
 
 to Biased. LUKMANIER. VI . Route 95. 360 
 
 right, and ascends gradually to the (I1/4 M) Lukmanier Pass 
 (6290'), the second highest between Switzerland and Italy (p. 387). 
 To the left rises the black, slaty summit of the Scop); on the right 
 are the Piz delV Uomo, Piz Bias, Piz dell' JJfiern, and Piz Ronda- 
 dura. We now descend, over beds of avalanches and mud-streams 
 which have been precipitated from the yellowish slopes of the Piz 
 Corvo on the left , and which frequently endanger the road in wet 
 weather, to the (2 M.) former hospice of Casaccia (5976'), prettily 
 situated. To the E. towers the huge Rheinioaldhorn (p. 378). 
 
 A path leads hence over the Pvedelp Pass (S0o3') to (5 hrs.) Faido 
 (p. 107). Another crosses the Passo Columbe (7792'), between the Piz Scat 
 and the Piz Columbe, to the (3V2 hrs.) Hdtel Piora (p. 106). 
 
 The road is level as far as the (IV2 ^^•) Lukmanier Inn at the 
 beginning of the Piano di Segno [5415'), and then descends, high 
 above the Brenno, on the steep N. side of the Val S. Maria, being 
 hewn at places in the perpendicular rock. Below lie the chalets 
 of Campra, with several groups of chalets. We descend by a long 
 curve to the left to (41/4 M.) the hospice of Camperio (4028'), 
 cross the Brenno, and skirt the wooded S. side of the valley, 
 soon obtaining fine views of the Val Blenio. Far below , among 
 walnut-trees , lie the villages of Somascona, Scona, and Olivone, 
 commanded by the conical Sosto (7280'). Descending another long 
 bend (footpath shorter), we reach [3 M.) — 
 
 24 M. Olivone, Rom. Luorscha, locally Rivoi (2925'; *H6t. 
 Olivone, moderate ; pop. 711), the highest village in the Val Blenio, 
 or Pollenzer-Thal, picturesquely situated. To the E. tower the 
 abrupt spurs of the Rheinwald range. To Vrin by Ghirone, see 
 p. 363. No guides to be had at Olivone. 
 
 The road crosses the Brenno by a stone bridge, and descends on 
 its left bank to (2 M.) Aquila and to (8/4 M.) Dangio (2645'), beau- 
 tifully situated at the entrance to the Vdl Sojd. Vines and mulber- 
 ries now appear, and the slopes are clothed with walnuts and chest- 
 nuts. Next villages (1/2 M.) Torre and [l^o M.) Lottigna. [Oppo- 
 site, above Frugiasco, stands the little church of S. Carlo with some 
 frescoes of interest to students of art.] Then (1 M.) Acquarossa 
 (1740'; Albergo delle Terme), with a chalybeate spring, at the foot 
 of the pyramidal Simayio (8475'), which may be ascended without 
 difficulty in 6 hrs., with guide (fine view; rich flora). 
 
 The valley contracts. Then (17-2 ^^O Dongio , a long village 
 (Inn, carriages), and (1 M.) Motto (1445'). where the road divides. 
 The road to the left (on the left bank of the Brenno) leads by Mal- 
 vaglia; that to the right (shorter, and shady in the afternoon) goes 
 by Ludiano and (2 M.) Semione (1320'), beside the ruined chateau 
 of Serravalle. The two roads re-unite at (2^/o M.) the bridge of 
 Loderio (1190'), a village destroyed by a flood in 1868. The lower 
 part of the valley is monotonous ; its broad floor is covered with stony 
 deposits, and the slopes are furrowed by torrents. After crossing a 
 mound of debris, the road descends to (IV4 J^^O — 
 
 Baedekek, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 24
 
 370 VI. Route 96. BONADUZ. 
 
 38 M. Biasca (p. 108), where the Val Blenio unites with the 
 Riviera (Val Ticino). The station of the St. Gotthard Railway is 
 
 Post-office at the station. 
 
 96. From Coire viaa Thusis to Tiefenkasten (Schyn 
 Koad) or to Spliigen (Via Mala). 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 360. 
 
 Feom Coike via Thusis to Tiefenkasten, 24V2 M., Diligence (Julier 
 and Landwasser Routes) thrice daily in 5 8 hrs. (9 fr. 10 c. coupe 11 fr. 
 15 c); to Thusis 4 times daily in 3-3V4 hrs. (5 fr. 50, coupe 6 fr. 80 c.). — 
 One-horse carriage to Thusis 15 fr., two-horse 30 fr. ; to Tiefenkasten 45 fr. 
 
 From Coike to Splijgen, 3272 M., Diligence twice daily in 7 hrs. 10 
 min. (12 fr., coupe 14 fr. 60c.); to Chiavenna in 13 hrs. (21 fr. 95, coupe 
 26 fr. 60c.). — Extra-Post with two horses from Coire to Spliigen 77 fr. 
 90 c., to Chiavenna 130 fr. 40 c., with three horses 181 fr. — Caeeiage 
 with two horses from Coire to Spliigen 65, with three 100 fr. \ to Chiavenna 
 135 or 185 fr. (fee lOo/o of the fare). 
 
 From Coire to (6 M.) Keiclienau (1935' ; '^Adler') , see p. 359. 
 The road through the V order- Rheinthal to Disentis and Andermatt 
 diverges here to the right (see R. 94). A new iron bridge crosses 
 the Vorder-Rhein above Reichenau, immediately before its con- 
 fluence with the Hinter-Rhein. In the vicinity are a large Saw-mill 
 and several workshops for cutting and polishing marble. 
 
 The fertile valley, called Domleschg, Domliaschga., or Tomiliasca (the 
 W. side Heinzenberg , Romanic Moritagna), through which the road to 
 Thusis leads on the left bank of the Hinter-Rhein, is 7 M. long and 2 M. 
 wide. The Rhine, which formerly occupied nearly the whole valley, is now 
 confined within due limits by large embankments. The sides of the valley 
 are remarkable for their fertility, while on the right bank numerous castles 
 peep down from almost every hill and rock. 
 
 The road ascends slightly to (1 M.) Bonadiiz (2145'; Post; De- 
 giacomi; Simones). To the left, on the Rhine, is the Chapel of 
 St. George, adorned with ancient frescoes (road to llanz, see p. 360). 
 Then (3/4 M.) Rhazuns (2125'), on a rock rising from the Rhine, 
 with a handsome chateau of the Vieli family. Fine view of the 
 mountains to the S., at the head of the valley (see below); behind 
 us rises the Calanda. 
 
 On the East Slope is the ruin of Nieder-Juvalta ; farther on are the 
 chalybeate baths of Eoihenbrvnnen ; above them the ruins oi Oher-Juvalta; 
 then the chateaux of Ortenstein (recently rebuilt, in a picturesque situation) 
 and Paspels. We next observe the ruined church of St. Lorenz and the 
 chateaux of Canova, Rietberg, Fiirstenau Baldenstein (on the Albula), and 
 Ehrenfels, the last of which is below Hohen-Rhatien (p. 371). 
 
 We next reach (31/4 M.) i?eai«a (2058' ; Gasthaus zur Rhein- 
 correction), with the ruin of Nieder-Realta (not visible from the 
 road), and pass (IV4 ^-j on the left) the large cantonal Prison 
 and Lunatic Asylum. Beyond (II/4 M.) Katzis (2185'; Kreuz) we 
 pass a nunnery and school on the right, and the venerable little 
 church of St. Martin on the left. Beautiful scenery. To the S. rises 
 the snowy Piz Carver (9760') ; beyond it, to the left, is the Schyn 
 Pass, with the majestic Piz Michel (10,375') in the background; 
 to the N. the Rinyelspitz (10,660') and the Trinserhorn (9935').
 
 THUSIS. VI. Route 96. 371 
 
 About 3/4 M. to the E. the Albula falls into the Rhine; beyond it 
 lies the pretty village of Scharans. Near f2y2 M.) Thusis, on the 
 slope, above the pleasant village of Masein, stands the chateau of 
 Nieder-Tag stein. 
 
 16 M. Thusis. — Hotels. 'Hot.-Pens. Via Mala, at the beginning 
 of the Via Mala, with garden, R., L., & A. 4-5'/2, B. 11/2, !>. 4, pens. 
 8-10, in spring and autumn 7-8 fr. ; *Post & Kurhaus , with baths, R., 
 L., & A. 31/2-4, D. 31/2, B. 11/4 fr.; *Ruaetia, R.. L., <fe A. 3, D. S'/j, B. IV4, 
 pens. 71/2 fr.; *Weisses Kreuz, moderate; Gemsli, plain. — Beer at the 
 '■Felsenkeller^ on the Rosenbuhel^ to the right of the entrance to the Via 
 Mala, fine view. — One-horse carr. to the third bridge of the Via Mala and 
 hack, 2 pers. 6, 3 pers. 8 fr., two-horse carr. 12 fr. ; to Andeer IIV2. 14, 
 or 221/2 fr. ; to Splugen 221/2 or 39 fr. ; to Schyn (Solis Bridge) 7, 0, or 14 fr.; 
 to Tiefenkasten I31/2, I61/2, or 24V'2 fr.; to Reichenau 11, 14, or 22 fr. ; to 
 Coire 17 or 33 fr. Fees included in each case. 
 
 T/iwsjs (2450 ' ; 1098 inhab.), Rom. Tuseun, beautifully situ- 
 ated at the foot of the Heinzenberg , and handsomely rebuilt since 
 a lire in 1845 , is well adapted for some stay and as a starting- 
 point for excursions. — Immediately above Thusis the turbid iWolla, 
 a torrent which has frequently devastated this district fp. 360"). falls 
 into the Rhine, the valley of which appears to be entirely shut up 
 by lofty mountains. The right bank of the gorge from which the Rhine 
 issues is guarded by the ruined castle of Hohen-Rhaetien, or Hoch- 
 Realta (Hoch-Ryalt), 807' above the river, the most ancient in 
 Switzerland, having been founded, according to tradition, in B.C. 589, 
 by the legendary hero Rhaetus, leader of the Etruscans when retreat- 
 ing before the Gauls. The ruin is on the S. side of the hill, which 
 overlooks the whole of the Domleschg (ascent, see below) ; on the 
 N. side is the dilapidated Church of St. John, the oldest Christian 
 church in the valley. 
 
 Walks and Excursions. To the (5 min.) Rosenbiihel (see above); to 
 the Belvedere (20 min.); to the Boval wood (I/4 hr.); to the first weir in 
 the Nolla Valley (20 min.); to the (1 hr.) Crapteig. to the right above the 
 Via Mala. To Hohen-Rhdtien, a zigzag path ascends beyond the Rhine 
 bridge in 3/4 hr. (fine view of the Domleschg, etc.); the descent may be 
 made by the Alp Carschenna, through wood, past the church oi St. Catsian 
 and the chatean of Balden stein .^ to Sils (see below). — Through the Schloss- 
 wald to the Taubevstein and (40 min.) the chateau of Tagsfein (see above), 
 with pleasure-grounds. Past (^4 hr.) Rongellen (p. 372) to the (11/2 hr.) Maien- 
 sdss Aclasut (4095), situated high above the second bridge in the Via Mala. — 
 By the Schyn Road to the 8olis Bridge (l^ 4 hr. ; one-horse carr. there and 
 back 6 fr. and 1 fr. fee). — On the Heinzenberg rises the Prdzerhohe 
 (6965'), a fine point of view, ascended in 41/2 hrs. by Masein, Povtein, and 
 Sarn (8863'; Inn). — The Stdtzerhorn (S'ioO' ) . 5-6 hrs., is toilsome from this 
 side (comp. p. 383). — Via Tschappina and the Ghts-Pnas to the Safier- 
 Thal (4 hrs. to Platz) see p. 360. 
 
 The *Scliyn Boad, constructed in 1868-69 and vying in grand 
 and picturesque scenes with the Via Mala, crosses the Rhine at the 
 foot of Hohen-RhcEtien, immediately above the Nolla bridge, passes 
 the ruin of Ehrenfels on the right, and beyond (^ 4M.) Sils (2283'; 
 *Post), a village almost entirely burnt down in 1887, the small 
 chateau of Baldenstein on the left. It next ascends the left bank of 
 the Albula to Campi (Campo Bella, ruin of the ancestral seat of the 
 
 24*
 
 372 VI. Route 96. VIA MALA. From Coire 
 
 Campell family ; 17111011 Campell Tvas a Rhaetian reformer and his- 
 torian), picturesquely situated to the left, and the farm of (2 M.) 
 Runplanos. Pretty view hence of the church of Soils. Then through 
 the ancient forest of Versasca. By a ravine we ohserve above us, 
 to the right, a bridge of the old Mutten road, and we pass the Frei- 
 hof, an auberge on the left. The road is next carried through the 
 Pass Mai, which begins here, by means of galleries of masonry and 
 extensive cuttings and tunnels. 1 ^o ^^- I^^^ 'Zum Pass Mai' (plain). 
 
 About 1/4 ^I- farther, by the chalets of Calabrien, a narrow road to the right 
 ascends to (41/2 M.) Unter-Mutten (4833': *Inn. plain; closed in summer, when 
 all the inhabitants migrate to Ober-Mutten). Thence to (IV4 hr.) Ober-Mutten 
 (6148'; Hosang's Inn), from which the Muttnerhorn (8070'), a splendid point 
 of view, may be ascended in IV2 hr.: good path at first, then up grassy slopes. 
 Descent from Ober-Mutten to (21/2 hrs.) Zillis or to Thusis interesting, but 
 rather rough. 
 
 The bridge across the Muttner Tohel affords a fine view of the 
 gorge. I74M. VnUr-Solu, a hamlet with a spring containing iodine. 
 High above, to the left, lies Obervatz (p. 383). Looking back near 
 the last tunnel, we obtain a line survey of the Heiuzenberg, and 
 before us a view of Alvaschein and the peaks of the Albula group. 
 The road now crosses the gorge of the Albula by the ^Solis Bridge, 
 250' above the foaming stream, and ascends in a curve (cut off 
 by a path to the right beyond the bridge) to the village of (2 M.) 
 Alvaschein (Augustin). Opposite, below the loftily situated Stiirvis, 
 is a waterfall. Farther on, to the right, below the road, is the church 
 of MMail, the oldest in the Albula valley, formerly a burial-place. 
 At ZJnter-Mustail there is an alkaline spring. The road unites with 
 the Julier route near (l^/oM.) Tiefenkasten (p. 384). 
 
 The SpLtJGEN Road, ascending the valley of the Hinterrhein, 
 the famous *Via Mala , was constructed In 1822. Formerly the 
 route ascended the bank of the Nolla through wood , and entered 
 the deep gorge of the Rhine , then known as the ' Verlorne Loch', 
 and traversed by a path only 4' wide , at a point above Rongellen. 
 The limestone-rocks rise almost perpendicularly on both sides to a 
 height of 1600'. At the Kdnzeli , near the entrance, the retrospec- 
 tive view is very fine. A little farther on , IV4 M. from Thusis, the 
 road passes through a tunnel (2685') , 55 yds. long. The *Yiew, 
 before the tunnel, down the sombre defile, of the solitary tower of 
 Hohen-Rhsetien, and the sunny slopes of the Heiuzenberg beyond, 
 is very striking. From a point beyond the tunnel, where the side- 
 wall ceases and the wooden railings recommence, the boisterous river 
 is visible at the bottom of the profound gorge. 
 
 Near the (8/4 M.) post- station of the hamlet of Rongellen 
 (Hot. -Pens. Alte Post; Pens. Via Mala, both moderate), the gorge 
 expands into a small basin , and soon contracts again. The road 
 crosses the river three times at short intervals: ^/^ M., first bridge, 
 buUt in 1738 (refreshments at a pavilion above) ; V4 ^- *Second 
 Bridge (2844'), built in 1739, the grandest point. The Rhine, 160'
 
 to Splilgen. ANDEER. VI. Route 96. 373 
 
 below the road, winds through so narrow a ravine that the precipices 
 above almost meet. At the (1 M.) third bridge (2903'; built in 
 1834) the Tia Mala ends. 
 
 We now enter the Schamser Thai, the green meadows of 
 which contrast pleasantly with the gloomy Via Mala. In the back- 
 ground to the S. rises the pointed Hirli (9373'J. The first village 
 in the valley of Schams is (1 M.) — 
 
 2M. ZiUis, Rom. Ciraun (3060'; Zur Alten Post), with the 
 oldest church in the valley (nave and tower Romanesque ; interesting 
 ceiling-paintings of the 12th century). 
 
 Ascents. *Piz Beverin (9S43'; 6-7 hrs.; guide 7. horse to the Obrist 
 Alp 12 fr.), a superb point of view, but trying. Bridle-path by Donath 
 and Alathon to the f3V2-4 hrs.) Ohrist Alp (7172 'j; thence to the top 2V2 hrs. 
 more. Or from Thusis direct, bv Olas or by Salssa and Viorns, in 7-8 hrs. 
 (guide 10 fr.). — Piz Curver (9760'; 6 hrs.-, 6 fr.), from Zillis or Pignieu, 
 also interesting and for experts not difficult. The descent may be made 
 to the chapel of Ziteil and Savognin (p. 384). 
 
 On the hill to the right, on the left bank of the Rhine, above 
 the village of Donath, and overshadowed by the Piz Beverin, stands 
 the ruined castle of FardUn, or La Turr (3820'), once the seat of 
 the governors of the valley. About the middle of the 15th cent, 
 the brutality of one of these officials, like that of Gessler 160 years 
 earlier, is said to have given rise to the emancipation of this 
 district from their sway. Entering the cottage of a peasant whom 
 he disliked, the tyrant spat into the boiling broth prepared for 
 dinner. The peasant, Johann Gaidar, seized him by the throat, 
 plunged his head into the scalding liquid, exclaiming, ^Malgia sez 
 it pult cha ti has condiW ('Eat the soup thou hast seasoned'), and 
 strangled him. This was the signal for a general rising. 
 
 Near the ruined Baths of Pignieu (the waters of which , con- 
 taining iron and alkali, are conducted to Andeer, and there used 
 for baths), the Pignieuer Bach descending from the Piz Curver (see 
 above) is crossed by a bridge, the last completed on this route, and 
 bearing the inscription on the E. parapet: ^Jam via patet hostibus 
 et amicis. Cavete, Rhaeti! simplicitas morum et unio servabunt avi- 
 tam libertatem\ To the left is the village of Pignieu; opposite , on 
 the left bank of the Rhine, are Clugin and the square tower of the 
 ruin of Cagliatscha. Then (2^/o M.) — 
 
 231/2 M. Andeer (3210'; pop. 581 ; *Krone, ox Hotel- Pens. Fravi, 
 with baths), the principal village in the valley. Fine view from 
 the loftily situated church (built in 1673). 
 
 Ascents. Piz Vizan (8110'; 4'/2 hrs., with guide), by the Burgiat 
 Alp; splendid view. — Piz la Tschera (8615'; 5 hrs., with guide), by Alp 
 Albin, also interesting. — Piz Beverin and Piz Curver, see above. 
 
 Froji Andeek toStalla (11 hrs.; guide unnecessary), an attractive walk. 
 The new road to Canicul (2V4 M.) quits the Sphigen road 2 M. above 
 Andeer and enters the wild Terrera Valley to the left, leading first on 
 the left, and then on the right bank of the Averser-Rhein, wluch forms 
 several fine waterfalls. On the left is Piz Orisch (10,000'), on the right the 
 Surettahorn (.9926'). We pass(40min.) a deserted silver-foundry and reach 
 (V2 hr.) Ausser-Ferrera (4334'; Inn), where the valley expands slightly.
 
 374 VI. Route 96. AVERSER THAL. From Coire 
 
 (Over tlie Fianell Pass to Savognin., see p. 384.) We then follow the 
 right bank to (IV2 hr.) Inner-Ferrera^ or Ganicul (4856'; rustic inn), at 
 the mouth of the Val ofEmet (see below). Descending by a bridle-path (road 
 under construction), we cross the Rhine and ascend its steep left bank 
 (20 min.)- The path skirts the slope, passing through wood; after 25 min. 
 it rounds a projecting rock (view of the Surettahorn, etc., behind us), and 
 then again descends to the river, which is augmented here by the torrents 
 from the Val Starlera on the left and the Valle di Lei on the right. The 
 narrow path crosses (25 min.) the latter. (By the bridge is the frontier- 
 stone of Italy, to which the Valle di Lei belongs.) The path ascends 
 rapidly, and then immediately descends. Near (1 hr.J Campsut (5500'; Inn) it 
 crosses the Rhine, and beyond (1/4 hr.) Crot., another poor village, recrosses 
 it. Beyond the bridge (view, to the right, of the Madris Valley^ with the 
 Piz Oallegione and the Cima di Lago at its head) the path ascends steep 
 pastures to the left, and at the top of the hill traverses a beautiful wood 
 of stone-pines. It then descends, crosses another bridge, and ascends to 
 (1 hr.) Cresta (6397'; Heinz\s Inn, unpretending) accommodation also at 
 the cure's), the principal village in the Averser Thai, which expands 
 here and is carpeted with beautiful pastures. This is one of the highest 
 inhabited valleys among the Alps, and lies in a sunny situation. To the 
 N. rises the Weissberg (9990'). 
 
 The path then ascends slightly, passing the handsome house of the 
 Podestat, or chief magistrate, and the mouth of the Val Bregalga, which is 
 enclosed by fine glaciers, to (IV2 hr.) Juf (6685'); then to the left across 
 pastures and through a desolate rock-strewn valley to the (IV2 hr.) pass 
 of the Stallerberg (8480': beautiful view of the Julier Mts., etc.). The path, 
 quite distinct, now descends, keeping to the left, to (2hrs.) Stalla (p. 385). 
 — From Juf through the Val Fuller to Molins, see p. 385. 
 
 A path leads from Juf to the S.E. over the Porcellina (8770') direct 
 to the Septimer (p. 385 ; guide advisable, from Cresta 8-10 fr.) : from Juf to 
 the pass, with limited view, 2 hrs.; Septimer 1 hr. [From the Septimer we 
 may again ascend and cross the Fuorcla di Lunghino (8645') direct to the (3 hrs.) 
 Maloja (p. 387).] From the Forcellina Pass we may ascend a peak known 
 in the Averser Thai as the Forcellina (9918'; admirable view) in I1/2 hr., and 
 descend to the S. into the Val Turba. We then reach the Septimer route 
 20 min. below the pass, by the second bridge over the Septimerbach 
 (p. 386). — From Cresta through the Val Bregalga and across the Passo 
 dellaDuana(9187'; with guide) to Soglio in the ValBregaglia (p. 416), 7-8 hrs., 
 interesting. The pass, between Pizzo Marcio (9534') and Pizzo delta Duana 
 (p. 415), and also the descent afford a fine view of the Bregaglia Mts., 
 especially of the Val Bondasca with the finely-shaped Piz Badile. 
 
 Fkom Canicixl to Pianazzo on the Spliigen route (4^/2 hrs.; with guide). 
 The path ascends steeply on the right side of the Val d'Emet^ through 
 wood, to the (IV4 br.) Alp Emet (6194'), whence the cairn on the pass is 
 visible; then over the soft and uneven soil of the Alp to the top in 1 hr. 
 more. Retrospective view of the Piz Beverin; afterwards the Calanda 
 comes in sight. From the Passo di Madesimo (7480'; frontier of Switzerland 
 and Italy) the Piz Tambo (p. 375) is seen to the W., and the Cima di Lago 
 (9892') and Piz Gallegione (10,285') to the S.E. We descend past the N. 
 side of the pretty Lago d'Emet, on the left bank of the Madesimo, then 
 across meadows, to the huts of Al Tecchio and (IV2 hr.) Madesimo (p. 376). 
 We now cross the stream (new road, p. 376) and soon reach the Spliigen 
 route 1/2 31. below Pianazzo (p. 376). 
 
 The Spliigen road winds upwards, passes the scanty ruins of the 
 Bdrenhurg, and enters the wooded *Eofna Ravine, in which the 
 Rhine forms a series of waterfalls. Near the entrance (21/4 M. from 
 Andeer) the road crosses the Averser-Rhein (Melchior's Inn), which 
 here issues from the Val Ferrera and forms a fine waterfall a little 
 way up the valley. (To the Ferrera Valley and Stalla, see above.) 
 
 Towards the end of the gorge (2^/2 M.), we pass an old bridge
 
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 to Splilgen. SPLUGEN. T7. Route 90. 375 
 
 over the Rhine on the right. The valley expands. The road crosses 
 (3/4 M.) a torrent which drains the Suretta-Tfial on the left. In the 
 vicinity are the ruins of the Sufner Foundry ; on the right rises the 
 Kalkherg (see helow). We next(Y2M.) pass through a rocky gateway 
 {Sassa Plana ; 4390') , pass (I/4 hr.) the bridge to the village of 
 Sufers (4673') on the left bank of the Rhine, enter a wooded ravine 
 (*Inn), and cross (IV4 ^^O the wild stream in its profound gorge by 
 a bold bridge (4727'), After a short ascent we obtain a survey of the 
 broad Val Rhein (Rheinwaldthal) ; on the right the barren Kalkherg 
 (9763'); opposite, t\i& Einshorn, (9650'); to the left, adjoining 
 the Ouggernull (9472'), is the Piz Tambo (10,748 '1. Then(l'M.) — 
 
 321/2 M. Splugen (4757'; pop. 424; *H6t. Bodenhaus, R., L., 
 & A. 31/2 , D. 3 , pens. 7-8 fr. ; *mt. Splugen, R. 2fr.), the capital 
 of the Rheinwaldthal, enlivened by the traffic on the Splugen and 
 Bernardino routes. A pleasant walk leads to the ruined castle on 
 the old road (pretty view down the valley and of the Piz Tambo). 
 
 Excursions. (Gmdes, Peter Schwar'z aniJoh. Sprecher.) Pleasant walks 
 to the Fluhgrilnd (I hr.) and Donatzhohe (li/jhr.). By carriage to the Ber- 
 nardino Pass (p. 3(9); the Alp beyond the inn commands a splendid sur- 
 vey of the Rheinwald Glacier. — The Guggerniill (9472'; 4'/2 hrs. ; guide 
 6 fr.), by the Tambo Alp, and the Einshorn (9651)'; from Nufenen, 4-5 hrs.; 
 8 fr.), are two line points, and not difficult. — The Piz Tambo {Tambohorn 
 or Schneehom, lU,748'; 14 fr.), ascended from the Splugen Pass in 4 hrs., 
 is fatiguing, but for experts free from danger. Most extensive view, N. to 
 Swabia, and S. to Milan, whence the peak is visible. 
 
 Excursion to the Source of the Hinter-Rhein, p. 378. — Over the Lochli- 
 berg to the Safiev-Thal, see p. 860. 
 
 97. From Spliigen to the Lake of Como. 
 
 4I1/2M. Diligence twice daily to Chiavenna (10 fr., coupe 12 fr.) in 5 hrs. ; 
 from Chiavenna to Colico, 17 M., Railway in 1 hr. (3 fr. 10, 2 fr. 15, 1 fr. 
 40 c), corresponding with the steamboats to Como. 
 
 The road divides at the village of Splugen (see above). The 
 Bernardino route leads straight on (p. 378) , while the SplUgbn 
 ■Road , which was constructed by the Austrian government in 
 i819-21, crosses the Rhine to the left by an iron bridge, ascends 
 in windings (avoided by short-cuts), and farther up passes through 
 a tunnel 93 yds. long. Behind us, above Splugen, rises the bare 
 Kalkherg (see above). The road crosses the Hdusernbach twice in 
 a bleak valley, and then ascends on the W. slope in numberless zig- 
 zags, past the lonely Berghaus (^6677'), and through a long gallery 
 of masonry, to the (6^/4 M.) Splugen Pass {^Colmo delV Orso, 
 6946'), between the Piz Tambo (10,748'; see above) on the right, 
 and the Surettahorn (8925') on the left, the boundary between 
 Switzerland and Italy. 
 
 Beyond the pass and the first Cantoniera, we reach (2^/2 M.) the 
 Dogana (6247'), or Italian custom-house, a group of houses with 
 an unpretending Inn (well spoken of) at the head of a bleak vall- 
 ey. In winter the snow here sometimes reaches to the windows of 
 the upper story. During snow-storms, bells are rung in the four
 
 376 VI. Route 97. MADESIMO. From Spliigen 
 
 highest houses of refuge as a guide to travellers. A guide-post at 
 the third refuge indicates the route, to the left, to (1 hr.) Made- 
 simo (see below). 
 
 The old hridle-path turned to the right by the second wooden 
 bridge, and led through the Cardinell gorge direct to Isola, a route 
 much exposed to avalanches. In traversing this ravine in Dec. 1800 
 the French under Gen. Macdonald sustained severe losses, whole 
 columns being precipitated into the abyss. The new road descends 
 the E. slope in numerous zigzags, being protected at places against 
 avalanches by long galleries of solid masonry (first 249 yds. long, sec- 
 ond 228, third 550 yds.), with sloping roofs to enable the snow to 
 slide off, and openings at the sides for light. 
 
 On quitting the second gallery, we obtain a fine view of 
 the old road, which was destroyed by an inundation in 1834, and 
 the village of Isola. At the end of the third gallery is a co- 
 pious spring. The new road avoids the dangerous Lira Gorge be- 
 tween Isola and Campo Dolcino. Beyond Pianazzo {Inn, dear), and 
 near the entrance to a short tunnel, the Madesimo descends into 
 the valley, forming a *Fall 650' high (best viewed from a small plat- 
 form by the road, where the conductor stops the diligence). 
 
 From Pianazzo a road (two-horse carr. from Spliigen and back 40 fr., 
 fee 4 fr.) ascends to the hamlet of (IV2 M.) Madesimo (4920'), with a chaly- 
 beate spring and a hydropathic "Kurhaus (pens. 8V2 fr.), recommended as 
 a health-resort. — To CanicUl over the Passo di Madesimo. see p. 374. 
 
 The part of the road which we now enter upon is the boldest in 
 point of construction, with numerous tunnels, and terraces rising 
 perpendicularly one above the other. At one of the turns is an in- 
 scription in honour of the emperor Ferdinand L, in whose reign the 
 road was made (1834). Immediately beyond this, a beautiful view 
 is obtained from below of the fall of the Madesimo. 
 
 17 M. Campodolcino (3457'; Croce d'Oro; Posta or Corona, 
 mediocre) consists of four groups of houses ; the second contains 
 the church and the 'campo santo' or burial-ground. A Latin in- 
 scription on the rock, a little farther on, is in honour of the Emp, 
 Francis, who made this road from '■Clavenna ad Ehenum\ 
 
 The Liro Valley, or Valle S. Giacomo, is strewn with fragments 
 of rock, chiefly of brittle white gneiss, which reddens on exposure 
 to the air. The wildness of the scene is somewhat softened by the 
 rich foliage of the chestnuts visible lower down, from among which 
 rises the slender white campanile of the church of Gallivaggio. 
 Near S. Giacomo are whole forests of chestnuts, which extend far 
 up the steep slopes. We soon reach the vineyards of Chiavenna, 
 where the luxuriance of Italian vegetation is fully displayed. 
 
 25 m. Chiavenna. — Hotels. *H6tel Conradi, 5 min. from the 
 station, with railwav-ticket and lusgage office, R., L., & A. 372-5, B. IV4, 
 lunch 21/2, D. 41/2 fr. ; *Albergo Specola, at the station, E., L., & A. 21/2, 
 B. lfr.5 Chiave doeo, on the Promenade. 
 
 The Station C'Cafe-Restaurant, lunch 21/2 fr., beer) lies outside of and 
 below the town. Through-tickets are here issued to the steamboat-stations
 
 to Lake Como. CHIAVENNA. VI. Route 97. 377 
 
 on the Lago di Como, with coupon for the onniibus between the railway- 
 station and the quay at Colico. 
 
 Chiavenna (1090'), Ger. Cldven or CLefen, the Clavenna of the 
 Romans, an ancient town with 4086 inhab,, is charmingly situated 
 on the Mera, at the mouth of the Val Bregaglia fp. 416). Opposite 
 the Hotel Conradi are the ruins of an unfinished chateau of DeSalis, 
 the last governor appointed by the Grisons. Picturesque view from 
 the ^Paradiso' or garden of the ruin (adm. 50 c). S. Lorenzo, the 
 principal church, has an elegant detached campanile or clock-tower, 
 rising from an arcaded enclosure which was formerly the burial- 
 ground. In the octagonal baptistery (closed, fee 15-20 c.) is an 
 acient font of 1206 with reliefs. The neighbouring hills of Val 
 Capiola contain numerous giant cauldrons ('Marmitte dei Gigantl') 
 of varying size (guides at the hotels). 
 
 The Railway to Colico (fares, see p. 375) traverses three tun- 
 nels soon after starting, beyond which we enjoy a fine retrospect of 
 Chiavenna. The line runs through a rich vine-bearing country, the 
 lower parts of which, however, are exposed to the inundations of 
 the Liro and Mora. The valley (Piano di Chiavenna) is enclosed on 
 both sides by lofty mountains. On the right bank of the Mera lies 
 Gordona, at the mouth of the Val della Forcola (p. 380), beyond 
 which the Boggia forms a pretty waterfall in its precipitous descent 
 from the narrow Val Bodengo. — 6 M. Samolaco is the station for 
 the large village of that name on the opposite (right) bank of the 
 Mera, at the mouth of the Val Mengasia. Before (8V2 M.) Novate, 
 the railway reaches the Lago di Mezzola. This lake was originally 
 the N. bay of the Lake of Como, from which it has been almost 
 separated by the deposits of the Adda; but the shallow channel 
 which connects the lakes has again been rendered navigable. To 
 the S. appears the pyramidal Mte. Legnone (p. 449). The railway 
 crosses the diluvial land formed by the mountain-stream issuing 
 from the Val Coder a on the left, and, supported by masonry and tra- 
 versing tunnels, skirts the E. bank of the lake via Campo and Ver- 
 zeia. It crosses the Adda beyond (I2V2 M.) Dubino. The Yaltellina 
 railway (p. 414) joins ours from the left; on a hill to the right the 
 ruined castle of Fuentes, once the key of the Valtellina, erected by 
 the Spaniards in 1603, and destroyed by the French in 1796. 
 
 17 M. CoUco (722'), seep. 449. — The station is nearly V2M. 
 from the quay. The omnibus-coupons are collected at the exit from 
 the station. There is abundant time to permit of passengers walking 
 to the quay. 
 
 98. From Splugen to Bellinzona. Bernardino. 
 
 Comp Map^ p. 874. 
 
 451/2 M. Diligence dailv (between S. Bernardino and Bellinzona twice 
 
 daily) in 81/4, returning in 11 hrs. (15 fr. 25, coupe IS fr. 95 c). Extra-Post 
 
 with two horses from Coire to Bellinzona 171 fr. 20 c, with three horses 
 
 240 fr. 50 c. \ from Spliigen to Bellinzona with two horses 95 fr. SO c.
 
 378 VI. Route 98. HINTERRHEIN. From Splugen 
 
 Carriage and Pair from Coire to Bellinzona 180 fr., from Splugen to Bel- 
 linzona (in 3 days) 115 fr.; fee IQo/o of the fare. 
 
 Splugen (4757^, see p. 375, We traverse the upper Val Rhein, 
 passing below (1 M.) Medels (5030'). On the left bank, 3/^ m. 
 farther on, lies the pasture of Ebij now partly covered with debris, 
 where the 'Landsgemeinde' used to assemble biennially on the first 
 Sunday in May. Then (2 M.) Nufenen (5145'), at the mouth of 
 the Areue-Thal, at the head of which appears the Curciusa Glacier. 
 On the left are the huge rocky Guggernull (p. 375), concealing the 
 Piz Tambo (p. 375), and the Einshorn (9650'). Near (21/4 M.) — 
 
 6 M. Hiiiterrhein (5300'; Post, plain), the highest village in 
 the valley, the Rheinwald Mts., the Marscholhorn, Rheinquellhorn, 
 Rheinwaldhorn, Hochberghorn, and Kirchalphorn come in sight. 
 
 Source of the Hinter-Rhein. From. Hinterrhein to the Zapport Chalet 
 21/4 hrs., thence to the club-hut 3/4 lir., rough, and hardly repaying (guide 
 advisable , 6 fr. ; G. Trepp , Joh. Lorez). The path , damaged annually 
 by inundations and landslips, diverges to the right from the Bernar- 
 dino road, beyond the Ehine bridge (see below), and at first traverses the 
 level floor of the valley. After 1/2 hr. the valley narrows. The path loses 
 itself in a stony chaos on the right slope of the valley, while the steep 
 N. side is partly covered with poor pastures. The wild infant Rhine 
 is in many places covered with avalanche-snow which lies here the 
 whole year. By one of these snow-bridges we cross to the left bank, 
 where a narrow path, kept in order by the shepherds in summer, leads 
 to the (I3/4 hr.) Zapport Chalet (6420'), occupied in July and August by the 
 Bergamasque shepherds, who pasture their flocks on the sunny Zapport- 
 alp. The route to the club-hut (3/4 hr.) next passes the Eolle^ a wild 
 cliff on the right bank, at the foot of which the Rhine forms a small 
 fall ; and on the same bank higher up is a poor rock-strewn Alpine pasture, 
 called by way of antithesis the Paradies. The Zapport Club Htit (7613'), 
 with room for 10-12 persons, is also occupied in summer by the shepherds. 
 The narrow valley is terminated by the Rheinwald Glacier, the lower 
 part of which is called the Paradies Glacier. The Hinter-Rhein issues 
 from an aperture in the glacier (7270'), in shape resembling a cow's mouth, 
 immediately below the chalet. This chief source of the river (Sprung or 
 Ursprung) is soon augmented by numerous small tributaries from crevasses 
 of the glacier. From the chib-hut we may ascend the Rheinwald Glacier 
 in order to survev the vast Advla, or Rheinwald Mts.: the Zapporthorn 
 (10,330'), Rheinquellhorn (10.500'), Vogelberg (10,565'), Rheinwaldhorn, GUferhorn 
 (11,180'), etc. — The Rheinwaldhorn (Piz Valrhein^ or Adulahorn, 11,150'; 
 may be ascended from the club-hut in 7 hrs. (very trying, but free from 
 danger with a good guide). The Vogelberg and the Rheinquellhorn, each 
 5 hrs. from the club-hut, are easier. The Zapporthorn, from the Bernar- 
 dino Pass (see below) 4 hrs., difficult. 
 
 From Hinterrhein over the Valser Berg to the Lugnetz Valley and 
 Hanz, see p. 362; over the Zapportgrat or the Lenta-Liicke to Zervreila, 
 p. 363. Trying passes (Vogeljoch, 9640'; Passo del Cadabbi, 9680'; Zapport 
 Pass, 10,140') lead to the S. from the Rheinwald and Zapport glaciers to 
 Malvaglia (p. 369). 
 
 The Bernardino Road crosses the Rhine by abridge (5301') 
 of three arches , 7-2 M. beyond Hinterrhein, and ascends the steep 
 bush-clad slope in windings. (A good short-cut diverges to the 
 right from the second winding.) Looking back, we have a fine 
 view of the Rhine Valley and the Kirchalphorn, Lorenzhorn, 
 Schwarzhorn, and Hochberghorn, which bound it on the north. On 
 the left, before (21/2 M,) we cross the Masek-Bach (5680'), is the
 
 to Bellinzona. S. BERNARDINO. VI. Route 98. 379 
 
 ^solitary Dilrrenhiihl Chalet. Traversing a bleak valley, and passing 
 the Thdli-Alp on the left, we reach the (3 M.) S. Bernardino Pass 
 (6770'; Inn, poor), at the N. end of the little Lago Moesola^ from 
 which three rocks project. This pass was known to the Romans, and 
 down to the 15th cent, it was called the Vogelberg. When St. Bernar- 
 din of Siena preached the gospel here at that period, a chapel was 
 erected on the S. slope of the mountain, and the pass has since 
 been named after him. On the left rise the Pizzo Vccello fSOlO') and 
 Mittaghorn (8560') ; on the right the Marscholhorn (or Piz Moesola ; 
 9520'). Magnificent view from a large white boulder, ^/4hr. above 
 the hotel to the N.W. (guide unnecessary). 
 
 We descend in numerous windings on the left bank of the 
 Moesa, which issues from the lake, and pass a Cantoniera. On the 
 W. rises the Zapporthorn (10,330') with the Stabbio-Grat (8995'), 
 from which the Muccia Glacier descends. To the E. are the Piz 
 Lumbreda (9770'), PizMutun (9360'), and Piz Curciusa (9423'). 
 Lower down, we cross the Moesa by a handsome bridge, and 
 descend in a wide bend to (5 M.) — 
 
 17 M. S. Bernardino (5335'; *H6t. Victoria; *H6t. Brocco, 
 *H6t. Ravizza, pension at both 772-9 Y2 fr., R. extra; Albergo 
 •Menghetti), the highest village in the Val Mesocco or Mesolcina, 
 with a mineral spring which attracts many invalids in summer. The 
 valley , especially the lower part , contrasts strongly with the Yal 
 Rhein in language, culture, and climate. Everything here is Italian, 
 and the inhabitants are Roman Catholics, Cardinal Borromeo (p. 442) 
 having successfully crushed the germs of the Reformation. — Over 
 the Passetti Pass to the Val Calanca, see p. 380. 
 
 To the N., above the Bernardino Pass, towers the sharp tooth 
 of the Piz Uccello (see above). The road ascends a little, and then 
 descends in numerous zigzags (which footpaths cut off). A fine faU 
 of the Moesa, in the gorge to the right, is only well seen if we 
 follow the path leading from 8. Bernardino to S. Giacomo, first on 
 the left, and then on the right bank of the stream. At (4'/2 M.) S. 
 Giacomo (31 Q0'\ Alb. Toscano) the road crosses the Moesa (pleasing 
 view), and then descends rapidly to (4 M.) — 
 
 251/2 M. Mesocco, or Cremeo (2560' ; Posta, well spoken of; Hot. 
 Toscani, dirty ), where walnut-trees, chestnuts, vines , and fields of 
 maize proclaim the Italian climate. On a rocky height to the left of 
 the road, V2 ^I- below the village, rises the grand ruined castle of 
 Mesocco (or Misox), with Its four towers, which was destroyed by 
 natives of the Orisons in 1526. From the slopes descend numerous 
 brooks, and between Mesocco and Lostallo there are eight water- 
 falls, some of them considerable. 
 
 Beyond (11/2 M:.) Soazza (2067') we reach the bottom of the 
 valley. Near the second bridge below Soazza the Buffalora forms a 
 fine cascade on the right. Then (272 M.) Cabbiolo (1475'), (I M.)
 
 380 VI. Route 98. ROVEREDO. 
 
 Lostallo (1560 '), with extensive vineyards and tlie first fig-trees, 
 and (41/2 M.) — 
 
 351/2 M. Cama (1260'), with a Capuchin monastery. 
 
 From Cama to Chiavenna a fatiguing, but interesting route (14-15 hrs., 
 guide necessary to the summit of the pass only. 5 fr.) ascends the steep 
 Val Cama, containing the little lake of that name (4058'), crosses the (SVzhrs.) 
 Bocchetta di Val Cama (6780'), and descends through the Val Bodengo to 
 (31/2 hrs.) Bodengo (rustic inn) and by a steep path, with steps, through 
 the gorge of the Boggia to Gordona and (5 hrs.) GInavenna. — A some- 
 what easier, but less interesting path from Soazza (p. 379) crosses the 
 Passo della Forcola (7270') and leads through the valley of the same name 
 to Chiavenna (12-13 hrs. ; with guide). 
 
 Then (3/4 M.) Leggia (11250 and (1 1/4 M.) Grono (1000'; ""Hotel 
 Calancasca) , a thriving village at the mouth of the Val Calanca, 
 with the Florentina tower, and near it a chapel with old frescoes. 
 
 The picturesque Val Calanca is traversed by a road, first on the left, 
 then on the right bank of the Calancasca, leading by Molina, Arvigo, S. 
 Domenica, and Augio to (10 M.) Rossa (3570'; Inn), the chief village in 
 the valley. (Toilsome route hence to the W., over the Giumella Pass, 6955', 
 to Malvaglia in the Val Blenio, p. 370.) Bridle-path hence to (1 hr.) Val- 
 bella (4383'), the highest hamlet in the valley, from which an easy route 
 to the E. crosses the Passo di Tresculmine (7064') to (5 hrs.) Mesocco; 
 then (1 hr.) Alp Alogna (4695'), whence we may cross the Passo di Passetti 
 (6808') to the E. to S. Bernardino (p. 379) in 4-5 hrs. (guide). At the head 
 of the Val Calanca, but difficult of access thence, lies the grand moun- 
 tain-basin of the Stabbio Alps (6590'), which may be reached in 4-5 hrs. 
 from S. Bernardino by crossing the Passo Tre Uomini (8704'). 
 
 39 m. Eoveredo (975'; pop. 1065; *Angelo; Croce), the capital 
 of the lower Val Mesocco, with the ruined castle of the once power- 
 ful Trivulzio family. 
 
 S. Vittore (880'} is the last village of the Grisons, Lumino the 
 first in Canton Ticino. The Bernardino route passes Castione, on 
 the right, a station on the St. Gotthard Railway (p. 109), joins the 
 St. Gotthard road, and crosses the Moesa. Below the confluence of 
 the Moesa and the Ticino lies Arbedo (818') , a village of sad 
 memory in Swiss history. On 30th July, 1422, a battle took place 
 here between 3000 Swiss and 24,000 Milanese, in which 2000 of 
 the former fell. They were interred beneath several mounds of 
 earth near the church of St. Paul, which is called Chiesa Rossa 
 from its red colour. 
 
 451/2 M. Bellinzona, see p. 425. 
 
 99. From Coire to the Engadine over the 
 Albula Pass. 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 352. 
 Diligence twice daily in summer : via Churwalden and Lenz to Sam- 
 aden, 45 M., in 121/2 hrs. (18 fr. 25 c, coupe 21 fr. 90 c. ; to Bergiin, where 
 passengers dine, in 7 hrs. ; from Bergiin to Ponte 4 hrs.)^ from Samaden to 
 St. Moritz, 5 M., in 1 hr. 10 min. (in immediate correspondence with the 
 preceding) ; from Samaden to Pontresina, 31/2 M., in 55 min. — Extra- 
 Post and pair from Coire to Samaden 1()3 fr. 80 c., or bv the Schvn and 
 Albula passes 124 fr. 20 c. 5 to St. Moritz or Pontresina 117" fr. 20 or 132 fr. 
 80 c. — Carr. and pair from Coire to Bergiin 70, over the Albula Pass to
 
 BAD ALVANEU. VI. Route 99. 381 
 
 Samaden 120, Pontresina or St. Moritz 110, Tarasp 170 fr. (via Schvn and 
 Albula SO, 110, 120, or 180 fr.) and driver's fee of IQo/o of the fare (to 
 Samaden 11/2-2 days). — A most interesting route ; fine mountain-scenery. 
 
 From Coire eitter via Churwalden to Lenz in 3^/4 lirs., or via 
 Thusis AndSchyn to Tiefenkasten in 0I/4 hrs., see K. 100. The Albula 
 road diverges at Lenz (or Tiefenkasten) to the left from the Julier 
 road, passes (I6Y2 ^^0 Brlenz (p. 357; a direct path to Surava and 
 Bad Alvaneu diverges to the right at the last house of Brienz, then 
 turns twice to the left at intervals of 5 min.) and below the ruined 
 chateau of Belfort, and winds down the Crapanaira Ravine to — 
 
 20 M. Bad Alvaneu (3115') in the Albulathal, where the roads 
 from Lenz and Tiefenkasten unite. The sulphur-springs are of repute 
 for rheumatism, etc. (*IIotel, R., L., & A. 21/2-0, D. 31/2, pension 
 61/2"! 1 Ir. ; Pens. Schuler^ unpretending; one-horse carr, to Bergiin 
 9, "Wiesen 8 , Tiefenkasten 41/2 &•)• ^^ *^^ opposite bank is a 
 picturesque waterfall. 
 
 The Piz Michel (10,375'; 6-7 hrs.; with guide) may be ascended by 
 experts without much difficulty from Bad Alvaneu through the Scha/tobel. 
 View of striking grandeur. — In the Val Spadlatscha^ 4 hrs. above Bad 
 Alvaneu or Filisur. and 3 hrs. from Bergiin (see below), is the Aela Club But 
 (7020'), from which the Tinzenhorn (10,430') may be ascended in 4 hrs., 
 and the Piz d'Aela (i0,!?60') in 4V2-5 hrs. (the latter difficult and both re- 
 quiring experience). Difficult descent from the Tinzenhorn on the steep W. 
 side to the Tinzenthor Pass (p. 384) and by the Tigiel Alp to Tinzen (p. 884). 
 
 Above Alvaneu (1 M.) the road crosses the Landwasser, which 
 falls into the Albula here, and ascends to the right to (1 M.) 
 Filisur (3410'; *B6t. Schonthal^ Weisses Kreuz, plain), a pleasant 
 village, commanded by the scanty ruins of Greifenstein (3Q8b'^. We 
 then descend to the Albula and gradually ascend the thickly wooded 
 valley on the right bank. To the right, on the left bank, stands 
 (21/4 M.) Ballaluna (3615'), a disused iron-furnace, now a saw-mill 
 (Inn, with a few beds). We ascend in a curve , which the old 
 path following the telegraph-wires cuts off, and enter the (IV4 M.) 
 *Bergiuier Stein (/Z Crap, 4280'), a profound gorge with perpendi- 
 cular sides. For 800 paces the road, constructed in 1G96, and 
 originally 4-6' wide, is hewn through the solid rock, being protected 
 at places by a wall. The brawling stream at the bottom of the gorge 
 is visible at one point only. At the end of the gorge, on the right, 
 tower the Tinzenhorn (10,430') and the Piz d'Aela (10,960'), and 
 we enter the green basin, enclosed by wooded hills, of ( I1/2 M.) — 
 
 27 M. Bergun, Roman. Bravuogn (4475'; pop. 435; Hot. Piz 
 Aela or Post, R., L., & A. 31/2, D- 3 fr. ; Kreuz; Sonne^ a village 
 with a mineral spring (small bath-house), an old Romanesque church, 
 and a handsome prison-tower. 
 
 Excursions (guides, P. Meliier and Albert Rauch). Above Bergiin, to the 
 N.E., is the villa^^e of Latsch (5215'), on the slope of the Laischer Kulm (or 
 Cuol?n da LaUch^ 7515' ; ascent repaying, 2 hrs.). — Over the Sevtig Pass to 
 Davos, see p. 35o. — Over the Fuorcla Pischa (9193') to Madulein, fatiguing, 
 9-10 hrs., with guide, through the Val Tuors and the Val Plazbi. From 
 the pass, between Piz Kesch and Piz Blaisun, we may ascend the Piz 
 Kesch (11,228') in 2 hrs. (but better from the Alp Chiaclamot, I'.'a lir. from
 
 382 VI . Route 99. ALBULA PASS. 
 
 Bergun, over the Porchabella Glacier in 5 hrs.; comp. p. 355). — Pit d'Aela 
 and Timenhorn, see p. 381. (The Aela Club Hut is reached from Bergun hy 
 the Alp Uglix in 3 hrs.). — Over the Aela Pass (9585'), between Piz d'Aela 
 and Piz Val-Lung, to the Val d'Err and Tinzen (p. 384), via Naz (see be- 
 low), 5 hrs. (with guide), interesting and not difficult. 
 
 We now ascend the beautifully wooded valley, passing the Val 
 Tisch on the left. The Albula forms several small waterfalls and 
 one of some size above the [81/2 M.) Alpine hamlet of Naz (5725'). 
 On the bold pinnacles to the right (Piz d'Aela, Piz Val-Lung, Piz 
 Salteras) are seen patches of snow at places. The road ascends in 
 long windings, past the chalets of Preda and Palpuogna, and on 
 the right, below the road, the pale-green Lake of Palpuogna , to 
 the (23/4 M.) *Inn on the Weissenstein, Roman Crap Alv (6660Q. 
 It next describes a wide curve (footpath to the left much shorter) at 
 the base of the two rocky horns of the Giumels (9137') , avoiding a 
 marshy basin in which the Albula rises , and ascends the rock- 
 strewn Teufelsthal to the (21/4 M.) Albula Pass (7595'; Hospice, 
 plain), lying between the summits of the Albulastock, the Crasta 
 Mora (9635') on the right, consisting of granite, and the Piz 
 Vertsch, or Albulahorn (10,738'), on the left, being limestone. 
 
 The road now proceeds straight on through a dreary valley. 
 Before us rises the Piz Mezaun, a fine pyramid; adjoining it on the 
 right, at the head of the Val Chamuera, are the Piz Lavirum and Piz 
 Cotschen ; farther to the right are the Piz Muraigl and Piz Languard. 
 We then begin to descend past several chalets and finally by seven 
 long bends commanding fine views of the Piz Quatervals and Piz 
 delDiavel, and afterwards of Ponte and Camogasc, with Madulein 
 and Guardaval on the hill to the left. [The former bridle-path, first 
 on the right, then on the left bank, is much shorter.] Traversing a 
 larch-wood we reach (21/2 trs., or V/2 hr. by the bridle-path) — 
 
 41 M. Ponte (5548')- Thence to Samaden , see p. 404; to 
 Schuls and Nauders, see R. 103. 
 
 100. From Coire to the Engadine over the Julier. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 352, 374, 394. 
 DiLiGENCK to Samaden in summer daily by Churwalden in 12^/4 hrs. 
 (20 fr. 85, coupe 25 fr. 5 c), by the Schyn in 141/4 hrs. (22 fr. 70, coupe 
 27 fr. 45 c). — Extea-Post and pair from Coire to St. Moritz 120 fr. 
 10 c. to Samaden 126 fr. 10 c. (or by the Schyn and Julier, 133 fr. 80 c. 
 and 139 fr. 30 c). — Carriage and pair from Coire to St. Moritz over the 
 Julier 100, to Pontresina or Samaden 110 fr. (by the Schvn and Julier 
 110 or 120 fr.) ; driver^s fee IQo/o of the fare. 
 
 Coire (1935'), p. 347. By the Steinbock Hotel the road crosses 
 the Plessur and ascends in windings (several short-cuts), with 
 views of the town , the Rhine Valley, and the Calanda. To the E. 
 opens the Schanfiggthal (p. 357), watered by the Plessur in its deep 
 channel. A fingerpost IV4M. from Coire indicates the route to the 
 left to Bad Passugg (p. 349), and another, 8/4 M. farther, the way 
 to the Kdnzli (p. 349). We ascend the valley of the Rabiusa, which
 
 CHURWALDEN. VI. Route 100. 383 
 
 falls into the Plessur far below, and pass Afaijx (3800'; with a mineral 
 spring) and the ruin of Strassbery. 
 
 6 M. Cliurwalden (4120'; *Krone; *H6t. Gengel, R. & A. 21/2 
 fr. ; *H6t.-Pens. Mettier ^ Schweizerhaus ; Pens. Hemmi, *Roth- 
 hom, ^Kreuz), a health and whey-cure resort, with an old church and 
 the former monastery of Aschera, lies picturesquely in a narrow valley. 
 
 The road ascends more rapidly; a pleasant path through wood 
 runs parallel with it, on the left hank of the stream, which it cross- 
 es immediately before — 
 
 8 M. Parpan (4940'; *Kurhaus ,f Post , R. , L., &A.2V2fr-; 
 *H6t. Stdtzerhorn, pens. 6-8 fr.) , a pleasant Alpine village in an 
 open situation. The ancestral mansion of the Buol family, built at 
 the end of the 16th cent., contains rooms in the mediaeval style and 
 other relics. 
 
 Pleasant walk to the (Pk hr.) Churer Joch (6686'), at the foot of the 
 Oiiryaletsch: view of Ci.ire, the Rhine Valley as far as the Sentis, etc. 
 
 The "St&tzer Horn {PizRascMl. &i60'; 3 hrs , without guide), a favourite 
 point of view, the highest peak of the range between the valley of Chur- 
 walden and the Domleschg (see p. 370), is ascended from Parpan by the S. 
 A. C.'s new bridle-path. Beyond the hamlet of Sartuns straight on, avoid- 
 ing the path to the right. Inn closed and falling to decay. Grand pano- 
 rama of the valleys of Schanfigg, Churwalden , Oberhalbstein , Schams, 
 Domleschg, and the Vorder-Rhein as far as Ilanz ; of the entire Rhsetikon 
 Chain, Calanda , Todi, St. Gotthard , Piz Beverin , Rheinwald Glacier, 
 Piz Tambo , Bernina , Albula , etc. (Panorama by A. Ecim). Beautiful 
 pastures and rare plants on the slopes. The descent on the Domleschg side 
 is longer, and the last part is fatiguing, but cannot be mistaken ; this route 
 leads by the Alps of Raschil and Schall to the chalets of Alrnens, and 
 then to the left to Scharans and Thusis in the Rhine Valley (4 hrs. in all). 
 Mountaineers may also descend by Obervatz to the Solis Bridge (p. 372). 
 
 From Parpan to Arosa, 4V2hr8., see p. 359. 
 
 On the top of the pass (5090'), we obtain a fine view of the 
 Oberhalbstein Mts. , those above the Schyn Pass on the right , the 
 pyramid of the Lenzer Horn (9548') on the left, with the adjoining 
 Piz Michtl (10,375'), and in the opposite direction the Calanda 
 (p. 349). We descend to Valbella and Canols, pass several tarns and 
 the Heidersee (4900'), surrounded by forest (*Chalet- Restaurant 
 on an island, pens. 4-5 fr.), cross the wooded Lenzer Heide, Rom. 
 PLaneira, a region justly dreaded during snow-storms, to Lai (Post, 
 pens. 4-5 fr.) and the (2^/4 M.) *Kurhaus Lenzer Heide (4775'; 
 pens. 5-6 fr.). 
 
 Travellers bound for the Schyn Road take the road diverging to the 
 right at Lai (V2 M. to the X. of the Kurhaus), which leads over the fJeid- 
 lach to (50 min.) Obervatz (4015'). We keep to the left before reaching 
 Obervatz, so as to avoid the roads leading to Lain, which lies higher. 
 Beyond Obervatz we descend abruptly via. Zorten and li^ivaigl to (40 min.) 
 the Solis Bridge (p. 372). 
 
 141/2 M. Lenz, Roman. Lansch (4285'; Krone or Post'), an im- 
 portant military point before the construction of the Spliigen route. 
 The Due de Rohan in 1635, and Lecourbe in 1799 took up a posi- 
 tion here against the Austrians. Albula Road to Bad Alvaneu and 
 Bergiln^ see p. 381.
 
 384 T7. Route 100. TIEFENKASTEN. From Coire 
 
 Our road descends in numerous windings (avoided by short-cuts) 
 to the (3 M.) Albula, overlooking the picturesque Oberhalbstein 
 and, to the W., the Heinzenberg beyond the Schyn Pass ; in the 
 foreground is the village of Alvaschein on a height ; beyond the 
 Schyn Pass lies Stiirvis (p. 372) ; and far below is Tiefenkasten. 
 Near the farm of Vazerols , to the right, below the road, is a small 
 monument marking the spot where the Three Leagues took the oath 
 of eternal union in 1471 (comp. p. 346). 
 
 171/2 M. Tiefenkasten, more correctly Tiefencastel , Roman. 
 Casti (2790'; *-ffot. Julier, R., L., & A. 4, B.li^fr.; *H6t. Albula, 
 R., L., & A. 3, B. 11/4, D. 3 fr. ; Kreuz), almost entirely rebuilt after 
 the fire of 1890 , lies picturesquely in the deep valley , with its 
 church on a hill (2917') above the confluence of the Julia and the 
 Albula. (To Surava and Bad Alvaneu, seep. 381; ^Schyn Road 
 to Thusis, see p. 372.) 
 
 The road again ascends rapidly, and skirts the Stein, a bold 
 limestone cliff (rock-gallery and tunnel). Far below flows the Julia 
 or Oberhalbstein Rhine. (The Romanic word Rhein means 'flowing 
 water'.) We nest enter (41/2^-) the broad and populous part of the 
 vaUey called the Oberhalbstein (Sur Seissa), 5M. in length, and pass 
 the villages of Burvein, (II/4M.) Centers (Post), and (3/4 M.) Sa- 
 vognin, or Schweiningen (4060' ; *H6t. Pianta, post and telegraph 
 office, pens. 7 fr. ; *H6t. Piz. Michel, pens. 6 fr.: ^RMtia~). On the 
 "W. slope lie Salux, Prdsans, Reams (ynih. a handsome castle, now 
 a prison), and other villages. 
 
 ExcDESioNs. Piz Curver (9760'; 5 hrs. ; guide), from Savognin by 
 Ziteil, not difficult, a very fine point (see p. 373; descent to Zillis or 
 Andeer). — Feom Savogni>- to Ausser-Feereea ovee the Fianell Pass, 
 5V2 hrs., easy and pleasant. A narrow road leads through the smiling 
 Val Nandrb to the (2 hrs.) Alp Curtins (6400') •, here we ascend to the 
 right to the (1 hr.) Alp Schmorras (7500') and the (1 hr.) Fianell or 
 Schmorras Pass (S350'), opposite the Piz Grisch (Piz Fianell, 10,000'); then 
 descend by the Alp Moos and Suit Foina to (IV2 hr.) Amser-Ferreva (p. 373). 
 
 We next reach (I1/4 M.) Tinzen, Rom. Tinizung (4070'; Hot. 
 Tinzenhorn), prettily situated at the mouth of the Val d'Err. In the 
 background rise Piz Val-Lung and Piz d'Aela (p. 381). 
 
 From Tinzen to Bergiin over the Aela Pass, 4 hrs., see p. 382. To 
 the N. a trying route (5 hrs.; with guide) crosses the Tinzenthor Pass (8465'), 
 between the Piz Michel and the Tinzenhorn, to Bad Alvaneu (p. 381). 
 — Piz Michel (10,375'; 6 hrs.; with guide), more difficult from here than 
 from Alvaneu (p. 381). — To Samaden over the Errjoch (10,270'), 9 hrs., 
 with guide, laborious, but repaying. Ascent through the picturesque 
 Val d'Err and over the Err Glacier to the pass, Iving to the N.E. of the 
 Piz d;'Err (p. 384) ; descent through the Val Sever (p. 393). 
 
 Above Tinzen the Julia forms several fine waterfalls. The road 
 leads alternately through curious rounded basins, probably formed 
 by erosion, and picturesque rocky ravines. We next reach (IY2M.) 
 Roffna (4760'; Lowe, plain), and (23/^ M.) — 
 
 29 M. Molins, Ger. Muhlen(A793'; '^Lowe, R. 21/2, D., incl. wine, 
 31/2 fr.), beautifully situated, where the diligence halts for dinner.
 
 to the Engadine. JULIER. VI. Route 100. 385 
 
 From the Val da Faller, which debouches here and divides into the Val 
 Gvonda and the Val Bei'cla 3/-» hr. farther up. routes little used ('^iiiile) cross 
 the Val Gronda Joch (9193'), on the E. of the Weissberg, to (6 hrs.) Cresta 
 (p. 374), and the Fallerjoch (about 9090'), past the Fluh Lakes, to (5'/2 hrs.) 
 Juf in the Averser Thai (p. 374). — The Piz Platta (11,110'), ascended 
 throufrh the Val Faller and Val Bercla in 5' 2 hrs. (guide), commands a 
 splendid view. — i^/2 d'^jr (11.13S'). Piz d' Arblatsch (i0,ol2'), and Piz Fov- 
 bisch (10,690'), for experts (guides at the -Lowe'). 
 
 The route from this point to Stalia, skirting the rapid Julia, 
 presents a succession of grand rocky landscapes. One of the finest 
 points is near the bridge before (2/4 M.) Sur is reached. On a beau- 
 tiful wooded hill , in the middle of the valley, stands the square 
 watch-tower oi Spliidatsch (5260'; path to it beyond Sur; fine view). 
 On the right, 3/^ M. farther, appears the ruined castle of Marmorera, 
 partly built in a rocky cavity halfway up tlie hill. The next villages 
 are (II/4M.) Marmorern (^Marmels^ 5360'), at the mouth of the 
 Val Natons; Stalvedro (5613'), and (3 M.) — 
 
 34 m. Stalia (5827' ; *Post), ox Bivio, the Roman Biraan, where 
 the Julier and Septimer routes separate. 
 
 The Septimer Route, a bridle-path (to Casaccia 4 hrs.-, guide un- 
 necessary in fine weather), one of the oldest Alpine routes, anciently tra- 
 versed by Roman and German emperors with their armies, diverges to the 
 right from the road above Stalia, and ascends the Val Cavrecda. At the chalets 
 of (Ihr.) Cadval it crosses the brook, enters a defile, and ascends the some- 
 what marshy meadows of Pian Can/^r, to the (1 hr.) Septimer Pass (Pasfo di 
 Sett; T5S2'), with a dilapidated hospice. (Over the Forcellina to Juf, and by 
 Lunghino to the Maloja, see p. 374.) A height to the left of the pass", 
 indicated by two stones, commands a magnificent view of the mountains of 
 the Maloja, Piz della 3Iargna (10,355'), Monte deU' Oro (10,544'), etc. De- 
 scent by a rough paved path, crossing the Septimer Bach (Acqua di Settimo) 
 three times, to the valley of the 3Iera, and on its left bank, the latter 
 part very steep and stony, to (2 hrs.) Casaccia (p. 414). 
 
 From Stalia to Ande'er, over the Stallerberg and through the Averser 
 Thai and Val Ferrera^ see p. 374. — To Sils over the Fuorcla di Gravas- 
 alvas (3S06'; with guide), 5'/-2 hrs., interesting. Below the .lulier Pass 
 we ascend to the right, past the small Gravasalvas Lake, to the pass, on 
 the W. side of the Piz Lagrev, with a fine view of the Bemina, etc.; then 
 a steep descent to the Lake of Sils (p. 388). 
 
 The road, completed in 1827, ascends tlie stony slopes of the 
 Julier (Giulio) in numerous windings (carriages ascend in 2 and 
 descend in 1 hr.). Walkers reach the pass in 1^/4 hr. From Novem- 
 ber to the middle of xMay the mountain is usually crossed by sledges, 
 though the Julier is clear of snow before any other pass of equal 
 height, and the least exposed to avalanches. A little on this side of 
 the summit are a few houses (7360') including a rustic inn. On the 
 (3872 M-) summit of the pass (7500') are two round milestones of 
 mica-slate, 5' in height, without inscription, erected in the time of 
 Augustus, who constructed a military road from Clavenna (p. 377) to 
 the Curia Raetorura (Coire) over the Maloja and the Julier. Roman 
 coins have also been found here. Near the milestones, to the right, 
 is a small clear lake, which contains trout notwithstanding its great 
 height. 
 
 On the E. slope of the Julier, 1 M. from the top, lies the small 
 Baedkkbe, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 25
 
 386 VI. Eoute 100. ENGADINE. 
 
 Julier Alp, with two chalets. On the left rise Piz Julier and Piz 
 d'Albana, and on the right Piz Pulaschin (p. 390). In descending we 
 soon obtain a superb view of the snow and ice mountains of the 
 Bernina (p. 396). In the foreground rise Piz Surlej and Mt. Arias, 
 above which tower Piz Tschierva, Piz Morteratsch, Piz Bernina and 
 Piz Corvatsch on the right , and Piz della Margna stiU more to the 
 right. The Upper Engadine, with its green lakes, comes gradually 
 into full view. From the top of the pass to Silvaplana 5 M. 
 
 431/.-) M. Silvaplana (5958'), and thence to — 
 
 51 M. Samaden (5670'), see pp. 390-94. 
 
 ENGADINE. 
 
 The *Engadine (Rom. E/igiadina), a valley 60 M. long, and seldom 
 more than 1 M. broad, descending from S.W. to X.E.. and watered by the 
 Inn, is bounded by lofty mountains, partly covered with glaciers and snow. 
 The Upper Engadine. _ between the Maloja and Samaden, with its numerous 
 lakes and the valley of Pontresina, is the most attractive part of the vallej-, 
 while the Lower Engadine (R. 103), below Samaden, is less picturesque. 
 The strong and bracing air of the Upper Engadine makes that region one 
 of the most famous health-resorts in the world. 
 
 The temperature rises in summer to 66-76° Fahr. in the shade , but a 
 fall of 35-40° within the 24 hrs. is not unfrequent. In winter the ther- 
 mometer frequently falls to 30-40° below zero. 'Nine months winter and 
 three months cold", is the laconic , but rather exaggerated account the 
 natives give of their climate. Very abrupt changes in the temperature, 
 and even white frosts and snow are by no means uncommon in August, so 
 that winter-wraps should not be forgotten by those who purpose to spend 
 even a few weeks here. As the Upper Engadine is crowded in summer, 
 rooms had better be ordered beforehand. — Heavy luggage may be for- 
 warded through a goods-agent, e.g. Messrs. Bavier. Kieni, & Co., of Coire 
 and Silvaplana. 
 
 At first sight the bottom of the Upper Engadine resembles a vast and 
 almost treeless meadow. The lower slopes of the mountains are chiefly clothed 
 with the larch and the pinus cemlra, or Swiss stone-pine (Ger. Arve) , a 
 stately tree, sometimes called the 'cedar of the Alps', but commoner in 
 the Pyrenees, the Carpathians, and the south of Siberia than in Switzer- 
 land. " Its light, close-grained wood, which is white in colour and has a 
 pleasant fragrance, is extremely durable, and is much esteemed for ca- 
 binet-work. The kernels (30 to 40) of the cones, enclosed in a very hard 
 triangular shell, have a pleasant flavour, not unlike that of the pine-apple. 
 
 The Engadiners, a sober, industrious, and frugal race, are with few 
 exceptions, Protestants. The Romanic mother-tongue renders all the Ro- 
 mance languages comparatively easy to them, while they are taught German 
 in the schools from the age of ten." They frequently emigrate in early life 
 to different parts of Europe, where they earn their living as confectioners, 
 coffee-house keepers, makers of liqueurs and chocolate, etc. 5 and when 
 they have amassed a competency they usually return to their native valleys 
 to spend the evening of a busy and active life. To persons of this class 
 belong many of the comfortably furnished and neat white houses in the 
 Engadine. The windows are made small to exclude the cold. The pas- 
 turage is excellent, but is seldom in the hands of the inhabitants, being 
 let by them to Bergamasque shepherds, who spend the summer here with 
 their flocks (paying 1 fr. for each sheep) and sell in autumn the long 
 wool to the manufacturers of Bergamo. The hay in the meadows is also 
 collected by Italian reapers.
 
 
 5f;i" 

 
 387 
 
 101. The Upper Engadine, from the Maloja to 
 Samaden. 
 
 Comp. Mapy p. 394. 
 
 15 M. Diligence twice daily in 2^4 hrs., comp. p. 414. Omnibcs from 
 Maloja to Sils in 1 hr., on Mon., Wed., and Frid. at 6 p.m. ; to St. Moritz 
 daily in 1^ 2 lir., at 6.30 p.m. and 5.30 a.m. (3 fr.; there and back 5 fr.). 
 
 The Engadine [comp. p. 386j begins at the summit of the Ma- 
 loja, or Maloyyia [5960'J, the lowest pass between Switzerland and 
 Italy, which ascends gently from the Engadine. and descends sud- 
 denly on the W. side to the Val Bregaglia (p. 414). A little before 
 the summit, on the S. side, is the Hotel Maloja-Kulm (II. 2 fr.), 
 opposite a projecting rock commanding a beautiful view of the Val 
 Bregaglia, and beyond it is the (1/4 M.) Hot. Osteria Vecchia, in 
 the Swiss style (closed). To the left, higher up, is the unfinished 
 Chateau of Count Renesse (6128'), with extensive grounds com- 
 manding splendid views of the Val Bregaglia ; the finest walk is 
 the 'Chemin des Artistes', from the Kursaal there and back in 
 11/2 lir. Farther on are some private villas in the Swiss style, and 
 the *H6tel Longhin (pens. 6^2 fr.)- To the right of the road, at the 
 upper end of the Lake of Sils, is the large *H6tel Kursaal- Maloja 
 (R., L., & A. 6V2-8, lunch 4, D. 5, pens. 12-20, music 1/2^1". ; open 
 from June 1st to Sept. 30th), a first class establishment owned by a 
 Belgian company. English Church Service. The view comprises to 
 the E. the Lake of Sils, the Piz Mortel and Piz Lagrev ; to the N. 
 the Piz Gravasalvas, N.W. Piz Lunghino, W. the mountains of the 
 Septimer, S.W. Piz Grande, Piz Cacciabella and Mte. Zocca; to the S., 
 between Pizzo Salecina and Piz della Margna, in the Val Cavloccio, 
 the Monte del Forno and behind it the beautiful white Cima di Rosso. 
 
 ExccRsioNS. Below the pass, a little to the W., a footpath, and '/a M. 
 farther on a poor cart-road diverge to the left from the Maloja road, cross the 
 Orlegna (waterfall, see below) near the lowest houses of the hamlet of Or- 
 deno and ascend on the left bank through meadows and wood to the (50 min.) 
 sequestered, dark-blue 'Cavloccio Lake (6243'), surrounded by lofty mount- 
 ains : to the S. the finely shaped Monte del Forno (10,545') i to the left of it the 
 snowy Muretto Pass (see below). The chalet is inhabited in spring and 
 autumn only ; in the height of summer the cattle are pastured on the 
 higher alps. From this point to the Forno Glacier and back, 2 hrs. (see 
 below). — On the other side of the Orlegna bridge (see above) a path 
 (fingerpost) leads to the left to the (40 min.) little Logo di Bitabergo (6110'), 
 and" thence to the (3/4 hr.) Motta Salecina (7055'), af the foot of the Pizzo 
 Salecina iS50'>'), with a flue view of the Bregaglia and the Upper Engadine. 
 
 The Orlegna Fall is reached by descending the windings of the Maloja 
 road to a (1 31.) fingerpost, and diverging by a path to the left, which leads 
 to a (2 min.) rockv plateau above the chief fall. 
 
 A prettv walk "leads to the E. on the S. bank of the lake, diverging to the 
 riu'ht (finiierpost, 'Plan Cunchctta") from the path to Isola. to (3/4 hr.) Aira 
 delta Palza (6645') and thence to (20 min.) UAla (7090'), with fine view. 
 
 To THE Forno Glacier (guide advisable, to the Forno Hut 10, to the 
 glacier circus 15 fr. ; Jac. Uller, Agost. Clolina), also interesting. We follow 
 the Muretto route (p. 388) to the (iV-j hr.) Alp Piancanino (6520') ; then 
 ascend to the right for ''4 hr. over turf and moraine to the 'Forno Gla- 
 cier , which we cross to (iV4 hr.) the Forno Hut (about 8200') , on a 
 projectinir rock on the W. side of the alacier, opposite the Mte. del Forno. 
 
 2o*
 
 388 VI. Route 101. MALOJA. Upper 
 
 Imposing ampMtlieatre of glaciers, commanded by the Piz Bacone, Cima 
 di Cantone, Cima di Castello, Pizzo Torrone, 3Ite. Sissone, Cima di Rosso, 
 and Monte del Forno. — The Piz della Margna (10,355' ; 1V2-2 hrs. : guide 
 16 fr.), Piz Bacone (10.637'; 2V2-3 hrs.; 35 fr.). Cima di Castello (11,158'; 
 3V2 hrs. ; 35-40 fr.), Pizzo Torrone (10,825* ; 8-3V2 hrs. ; difficult; TO fr.), Monte 
 Sissone (11,030' ; 3-372 hrs. ; 30 fr.), and Cima di Rosso (10,043' ; 3 hrs. ; 30 fr.) 
 may be ascended hence. Monte della Disgrazia (12,( 50' ; 75-80 fr.), see 
 p. 413. — Over the Forno Pass (about 10,500'), between the Pizzo Torrone 
 Orientate (10,825') and the Monte Sissone^ to the Val diMello and the Bagni 
 del Masino^ 11 hrs. from Maloja, for experts only, with good guides (50 fr.), 
 see p. 414. 
 
 Piz Lunghino (9120'; 3 hrs., guide 10 fr.), easy. From the Hotel 
 Longhin a bridle-path ascends to the left over pastures to the (2 hrs.) blue 
 Lunghino Lake (8136'). from which the Inn emerges; footpath thence over 
 rocks and stones to the top. Splendid view. "To the W. of the lake 
 we may cross the Fuorcla di Lunghino (8645') to the (IV2 hr.) Sepiimer 
 (see pp. 374, 385). 
 
 From the Maloja ovek the Muretto Pass to Chiesa in the Val 
 Malenco^ 7 hrs. (guide 20 fr.), an easy bridle-path, repaying. We ascend 
 on the right bank of the Orlegna to the (IV2 hr.) chalets of Plan Ca- 
 nino (6520'J, which we leave on the right. Then a steep climb over debris 
 and the Muretto Glacier to the (IV2 hr.) Muretto Pass (8390'), between the 
 Mte. del Forno (10,545') and the Mte. Muretto (10.197'), where we get a 
 fine survey of the grand Mte. della Disgrazia (p. 413). Descent over a little 
 snow, then over stony and grassy slopes on the left bank of the wild 
 Malero, with admirable views of the Mte. della Disgrazia, the Mte. Sissone, 
 Cima di Rosso, etc., to the Cldareggio Alp (5473'; quarters), and by a road 
 passing numerous slate -quarries to (4 hrs.) Chiesa (3297') in the Val 
 Malenco (p. 413). 
 
 From the Maloja to Pkomostogno over the Casnile akd Cacciabella. 
 Passes (14 hrs., guide 35 fr.), most interesting, traversing the grand Bregaglia 
 Mts. (fatiguing, but for experts not difficult). To the (3'/2 hrs.) Forno 
 Hut (about 8200'), where the night may be spent, see p. 387; thence to 
 the right to the (IV2 hr.) Passo di Casnile (9744'; superb view). Descent 
 across snow, through a couloir, and over rock, to the foot of the Can- 
 tone Glacier^ and then across two moraines to the (iy2 hr.) Albigna Glacier 
 (through the Val Albigna to Vicosoprano, see p. 4i5). We next ascend 
 the steep and stony slope of Cacciabella ('fine hunting'; a resort of chamois) 
 to the (2 hrs.) Passo di Cacciabella (9444'), another fine point of view, 
 and descend to the (2 hrs.) Alp di Sciora (67850 and through the wild 
 Val Bondasca (p. 415) to the (2V2-3 hrs.) Edfel BregagVa (p. 415). — From 
 Promontogno (14-15 hrs. to the Maloja) it is advisable to spend the night 
 at the (4 hrs.) Alp Sciora or, if that be empty, at tiie Alp Naravedro, 3 hrs. 
 from Promontogno; comp. p. 415. 
 
 At the Kursaal we cross the infant Inn, here called Ova d'Oen, 
 which descends in cascades from the Piz Lunghino (9120') to 
 the "W., and at the chalets of Capolago reach the pale-green Lake 
 of Sils, Rom. Lej da Segl (5890'}, 41/2 M. long and 240' deep, the 
 N.W. bank of which we follow. Walkers should take the path 
 (fingerpost 'Plan Curtinat.=5ch') leading from the Kursaal along the 
 S.W. hank, passing the hamlet of Isola, which lies on a green pla- 
 teau at the mouth of the Fedoz (from the Kursaal 3/^ hr. ; to Sils- 
 Maria, I1/2 hr.). In the gorge near Isola the Fedoz descends in a 
 beautiful fall. Above Isola appears the beautiful Piz Corvatsch 
 (p. 400), beyond the Crap da Chiiern, a rocky promontory which 
 divides the lake into two basins. As we approach the peninsula of 
 Chaste (p. 389), the rifted Fedoz Glacier, at the head of the Val 
 Fedoz, appears to the S., above Isola.
 
 Engadine. SILS. VI. Route 101. 389 
 
 At the E. end of the lake lies (I72 hr.) — 
 
 41/2 M. Sils [5895'), Rom. Segl, embracing the hamlets of Sils- 
 Baseglia (with the diligence office), immediately to the right of the 
 road, and overshadowed on the N. by the precipitous Piz Lagrev 
 (10,400'), and Sils-Maria, V2M. to the S., pleasantly situated among 
 low larch-covered hills, through which the Fex flows. The wooded 
 peninsula of Chaste (castle), which stretches into the lake between 
 the hamlets, contains pleasant promenades, and bears traces of the 
 walls of an ancient castle. Sils-Maria (*Alpenro3e, R., L., & A. 372> 
 D. 4, S. 3, pens. 11 fr. ; *H6t. Edelweiss, R. 2-5, D. 81/2, hoard 
 7 fr.) is well adapted, on acount of the numerous shady walks in 
 the vicinity, for a residence of some time, especially for families. 
 
 Omnibus from Sils-Maria to St. Moritz daily at 7 a.m., returning at 
 10.30 a.m. (on Tues., Thurs., Sat., and Sun. also at 2 p.m., returning at 
 5.30 a.m.), in 1 hr. ; to the Maloja Hotel on Mon., Wed., and Frid. at 2 
 p.m., returning at 6 p.m., also in 1 hr. Fare for each route li 2, there 
 and back 2^/2 fr. — Carriage with one horse from Sils to St. Moritz 10, 
 to Pontresina 15 fr. 
 
 Walks. Immediately to the E. of the Hotel Alpenrose is the Muot 
 Maria, a small hill vi'ith view. The three chief points of '-View among 
 the low larch-covered hills (behind and to the W. of the hotel), over 
 which passes the narrow road to the valley of Fex, beginning at the bridge 
 over that stream, are the Laret-Hohe (15 min., in the direction of Silva- 
 plana). ihQ Bellavista (20 min., in the direction of the Maloja), and a bench 
 on the Fex road (20 min. ; view of a fall on the Fex and over the wooded 
 hills in the foreground to the snow and ice-covered mountains of the Fex 
 valley beyonil). — The ascent of the Mxiot Marmore (about 7220'), a rounded 
 spur of the rugged Furtschellas (9620'), forms an attractive and easy ex- 
 cursion (li/j hr. from the Hotel Edelweiss). The Piz Corvatsch adjoins 
 the Furtschellas on the E. — Pleasant walks lead eastward from the 
 Hotel Edelweiss along the wooded slopes to a saw-mill, and thence to 
 (IV4 hr.) Surlej. — Another fine view may be enjoyed from the Plaz (OSiO"), 
 a projection on the slope of the Piz Lagrev, to which a path, nearly op- 
 posite the bridy:e <jver the Inn at Sils-Baseglia, ascends in 20 min. The view 
 towards the Maloja is best in the morning, towards the Fex Valley and 
 the Piz Corvatsch in the evening. 
 
 The Fex Valley (Val Fex or Schafthal) may be visited from Sils- 
 Maria in 4-5 hrs. (there and back). The narrow carriage-road ascends the 
 left bank of the Fex, while a shorter footpath follows the right bank. 
 Beyond the bench mentioned above the road descends to the farm of 
 Vaiiglia, but reascends, leaving the houses of Platta on the left, to the 
 little church of (50 min. from Sils) Crasta, shortly before which it is 
 joined on the left l)y the above-mentioned foot-path (recommended as a 
 return route). A * View-Bench, about 3 min. beyond the church, afTords 
 on fine evenings perhaps the most satisfactory view of the mountain- 
 amphitheatre forming the background of the valley. Those who are pressed 
 for time may turn here. The road crosses the stream, and reaches ('/■• ^r-) 
 \\iQ Restaurant zur Edelweisshalde, and '/4 M. farther on, beyond the hamlet 
 of Curtins (6iS0') , 'he Restaurant Ph'lipp. Beyond (10 min.) a ruined 
 house, we recross the Fex, and in 20 min. (ground marshy at places) 
 reach the top of the Muot Selvas, an old moraine -hill, projecting ob- 
 liquely into the valley. The top of this hill alTords an excellent survey 
 of the beautiful Fex Glacier, surrounded by the Chapiitschin, Piz Tre- 
 moggia, the Chapiitsch, Piz Fora, Piz Giiz, and Piz Led. Below us the Fex 
 emerges from its broad stony bed. In the opposite direction is the green 
 Fex Valley , with the indented chain of Piz Lagrev and Piz Pulaschin 
 in the background. 
 
 A path (guide unnece.-'sary) ascends to the right from the church of 
 Crasta to an Alp, then leads to the left through larch-wood to the (IV2 hr.)
 
 390 VJ. Route 101. SILVAPLANA. Vpper 
 
 Miioi Ota (8065'), which commands a view of the Fex and Fedoz Glaciers. 
 The view is still better higher up, on the way to the Plaun Grand (8200'). 
 — The path to the Fedoz Valley diverges to the S.E. from the carriage- 
 road to the Fex Valley, at a point about 1(X) paces to the S. of Vaiiglia; 
 to the Fedoz Chalet, 3/4 hr. 
 
 Mountain Ascents (guides , Ghr. KlucTcer and J. Eggenherger). The 
 Piz Led (10,135'; 4hrs.; guide 10 fr.), Piz della Margna (10,355'; 4V2-5hrs.; 
 16 fr.), Piz Chapiitschin (11,130'; 41/2-5 hrs. ; 15, returning by Pontresina 
 25 fr.), and Piz Tremoggia iii,322' -, 5-6 hrs. ; 18 fr.) may be ascended from 
 Sils bv adepts vi^ithout difficulty. More toilsome ascents are those of the 
 Piz GWschaint (iifiOO'; 51/2-6 hrs.: 30 fr.), Piz For a (11,053'; 6-7 hrs.; 20 fr.), 
 and Piz Corvatsch (5 hrs.; 14, returning by Pontresina 16 fr. ; more trying 
 from Sils than from Pontresina. see p. 400). 
 
 From Sils to Pontkesina over the Fuorcla Fex-Roseg (18 fr.), the Fuor- 
 cla Chapiitschin (30 fr.), or the Fvorcla Gliischaint (35 fr.), see p. 401. — To 
 Malenco over the Fex Glacier and the Tremoggia Pass (9910'; 25 fr.), be- 
 tween the Chapiitsch and Piz Tremoggia, or over the Fuorcla Fex-Scerscen 
 (10,236'; 40 fr.), between Piz Tremoggia and Piz Gliischaint, both suited 
 only for mountaineers (9-10 hrs.); descent over the Scerscen Glacier; then 
 steeply, to the W. of Mte. Nero, to the Val Entova and Chiesa (p. 413). 
 
 Beyond Sils-Baseglia the road (in shade In the afternoon), skirting 
 the foot of the Piz Pulaschin (9900'), follows the left bank of the 
 artificial channel of the Inn and that of the Lake of Silvaplana 
 (5885'), 2 M. long, to (2^/4 M.) Silvaplana. Walkers may leave 
 Sils-Maria to the N., and follow the path over the meadows, then 
 skirt the larch-clad hill, crossing several brooks, and finally passing 
 a pretty Waterfall of the Surlej brook, to (1 1/4 hr.) Surlej ; thence 
 they may proceed to St. Moritz, via Crestalta. 
 
 71/4 M. Silvaplana (5958'; *H6t. Rivalta, pens. 8-12 fr. ; 
 *Wilder Mann ^ Pens. Heinz, R., L., & A. 21/2-^, !>• 3V2, pens. 
 incl. R. 7-9 fr.; *Hdt. Corvatsch, to the W. of the village, with view, 
 pens, from 7 fr. ; *Sonne, plain), where we reach the Julier road 
 (R. 100), lies pleasantly on a green pasture, on the alluvial deposits 
 of the brook descending from the Julier, which separate the lakes 
 of Silvaplana and Campfer. Opposite, on the E. side of the valley, 
 is the village of Surlej ('above the lake'), destroyed by a torrent in 
 1834. It possesses a chalybeate spring. 
 
 To Pontresina over the Fuorcla Surlej, 7-8 hrs. (guide, not required 
 by adepts, 10, horse 20 fr.), a bridle-path, very attractive. Beyond the 
 church of Surlej (see above), we do not turn to the left (route to Crestalta) 
 but keep straight on, soon cross the brook to the right and ascend into 
 the wood ; 1 hi*. Alp Surlej (6978') ; then to the S. over a pasture, towards 
 the Piz Corvatsch. Above a second chalet, the path turns to the left, and, 
 near the Corvatsch Glacier, reaches the (2 hrs.) Fuorcla Surlej (9040'), be- 
 tween Piz Corvatsch (p. 400; ascended from the pass in 2V2 hrs.) and 
 Mt. Arias. The magnificent Roseg Glacier (p. 397) is now revealed. Descent 
 over rock and grass to the (IV4 hr.) Alp Surovel (7424'; milk) and the 
 (1/4 hr.) Roseg Restaurant, 1^/4 hr. from Pontresina (p. 397). 
 
 Piz Julier (1L105'), 5 hrs. from Silvaplana (guide 20 fr.), trying.^ An 
 interesting descent (for adepts only) may be made to the S.E. via the 
 Julier-Scharte (between the Piz Julier and Piz d'Albana) to the Val Suvretta 
 (p. 393; to St. Moritz 4 hrs.). — Easier, but less interesting, is Piz Pu- 
 laschin (9900'; 31/2 hrs., with guide). 
 
 The Silvaplana Lake is connected by a channel with the small 
 Lake of Campfer, which is bisected by a promontory. The road skirts 
 theW. bank of the latter. Opposite rises the wooded height of Crest-
 
 Enyadine. BATHS OF ST. MORITZ. VI. Route 101. 391 
 
 alta (6250'; mediocre Restaurant), 1 M. from Silvaplana, which 
 affords an admirable view of the lakes and mountains. (Footpath to 
 St. Moritz, 3/4 hr.) Below the Campfer Lake the Inn takes the name 
 of Sela until it enters the Lake of St. Moritz. 
 
 83/4 M. Campfer, Rom. Chamter (6000'; *H6t. Julierhof; *H6t. 
 dCAngleterre; Pens. Cazhx). The road divides here. The S. branch, 
 on which the diligence runs in summer, crosses the Inn and leads by 
 Bad St. Moritz (post-stat.) to the (3 M.) village of St. Moritz, while the 
 N. road, shorter by ^l2^l-, runs high above the Inn, on its left bank, 
 and below the Lower Alpina (p. 392), to the village. 
 
 101/4 M. Baths of St. Moritz. — '--KuRnAUs (Grand B6tel des Bains), 
 with upwards of 2.50 beds ; board 8 fr., R. for 1-2 pers. usually 10 fr. per day ; 
 *Neces Stahlbad (Gr. Hotel des Nouveaux Bains), with 250 R., handsomely 
 fitted up, with covered promenade etc.; from both of these visitors can go 
 to the baths and the spring under cover in bad weather. *H6tel Victoria, 
 opposite, with Villa Beausite, R., L., & A. 7-8 fr. and upwards. A few paces 
 farther, on the left bank of the Inn, 'Hotel dc Lac, a large first-class house, 
 R., L., & A. 8-10, board 9 fr. •, Hof St. Moritz; -Engadiner Hof. Nearer 
 the village: Hotel & CAFfi Central (Munich beer); Hotel Bellevce au 
 Lac, with Villa Monplaisir, R., L., & A. 10-11 fr. — Pensions. Near the 
 Kurhaus: Villa Pidevmann- Brugger; near the Hotel Central: Edelweiss, 
 Flittsch. — Band several times daily. 
 
 Baths. In the Kurhaus (in the long wing) 7-9.30 a.m. 2 fr., 9.30 a.m. to 
 1 p.m. 2V'i fr., 2-6 p.m. i^j-z fr. ; in the new liled baths, 7 to 9,30 a.m. 3, 9.30 
 to 1 p.m. 4 fr. ; Turkish bath 2 fr. ; tickets at the post-office in the Kur- 
 haus. In the Neues Stahlbad: 7-9 a.m. 2V2 fr., 9-10 a.m. 3 fr., 10-1 p.m. 
 4 fr. ; subscription for mineral water 15 fr. — Physicians : Dr. Holland 
 (p. 393), Dr. St. Clair Thomson (English), Drs. Berry, Christ ell er , Nolda, 
 and Veraguth. 
 
 Carriages. To the Meierei, with one horse for 1-2 pers. 5, 3 pers. 
 7 fr. ; to the Village of St. Moritz or Campfer with one horse 7-9, with two 
 horses for 4 pers. 4, 5 pers. 5, 6 pers. 6 fr. •, to Pontresina one-horse 9-11, 
 two-horse 20, 24, 28 fr. ; to the Morteratsch Glacier one-horse 12-15, two-horse 
 25, 29, 33 fr. ; to the Roseg Glacier one-horse 18-22 fr. ; Silvaplana, in ^he 
 forenoon one-horse 5-0, two-horse 16. 20, 24 fr. ; afternoon one-horse 7-9, 
 two-horse 20, 24, 28 fr. ; Sils . ne-horse 9-11, two-horse 20, 24. 28 fr. 5 Fex 
 Valley one-horse 16-10 fr. ; J/rt?oi« one-horse 12-15, two-horse 24, 2^, 33 fr. 
 Fee 10 per cent of the tariff. 
 
 Omnibus to Sils-Maria see p. 389; to Maloja see p. 387; to Samaden 
 at 11 a.m., in 1 hr. ; to Pontresina at 2 p.m. in 1 hr., 2 fr., there and back 
 3 fr. ; to the Morteratsc/i Glacier in l'/2 hr., 272 fr., there and back 4 fr. 
 
 English Church (p. 392). 
 
 The Baths of St. Moritz (5805') owe their importance to the mineral 
 springs rising at the foot of the Piz Rosatsch, strongly impregnated 
 with carbonic acid and alkaline salts, pronounced the best of its 
 kind in Europe by Paracelsus as early as 1539, and annually resorted 
 to by numerous patients of all nations. The water is used for drink- 
 ing as well as bathing. The season is from the middle of June to 
 the middle of September. Patients will And warm clothing neces- 
 sary; comp. p. 386. 
 
 The scanty grounds in front of the Kurhaus are adjoined by a broad 
 street, with several fine shops, which leads past the Hotel Victoria 
 and the Post- Office to the lake and the village. To the right, at 
 the foot of Piz Rosatsch, is the Neues Stahlbad. On the lake lies 
 the Casino St. Moritz, with concert, reading, and conversation
 
 392 VI. Route 101. ST. MORITZ. Vpper 
 
 rooms, cafe-restaurant, etc. To the right, beyond the Inn, rises a 
 new Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Behind the E. wing of the Kurhaus, promenades, passing the 
 French Protestant Church, ascend the (20 min.) pine-clad Quellen- 
 hiigel, and lead thence to the (34 hr.) Johannisberg, commanding a 
 pretty view of St. Moritz (the bridle-path proceeds to the Fuorcla 
 Surlej, p. 390). — Another walk leads on the S. bank of the Lafee of 
 St. Moritz, or over the hill at the foot of the Rosatsch, to the (i/ohr.) 
 Meierei (dairy) or Ada Silva (Restaurant, an afternoon resort), on 
 the way to Pontresina. — To the (35 min.) Lower Alpina (Restau- 
 rant , dear) a path ascends to the right just beyond the upper Inn 
 bridge, 1/4 M. S.W. of the Kurhaus. Higher up is the (20 min.) 
 Upper Alpina. — A guide-post above the Kurhaus, to the N., in- 
 dicates the way to the 'Wald Promenade' or Forest Walk, which 
 follows the slope above the road (see p. 391) between the Alpina 
 and the village. — To the (^/^^ hr.) Crestalta (p. 390) a pleasant 
 wood- walk ascends to the S.W. from the Kurhaus on the right bank 
 of the Inn. 
 
 On the road from the Baths to the Village of St. Moritz is the 
 little English Church, in the round-arch style. 
 
 113/4 M. Village of St. Moritz. — *H6t.-Pexs. Engadinee Kulm, 
 an extensive pile of buildings at the upper end of the village, with a 
 fine view and every convenience for both summer and winter, patronized 
 by the English and Americans ; high charges, pens, from IOV2, R. in summer 
 3-10, in winter 1-7 fr. The landlord possesses an old Italian copy of the 
 Sistine Madonna, which may be inspected on weekdays between 2 and 3. 
 — At the end next the Baths, ~H6t£l Belvedere, pens. 8, E. from 21/2 fr. 
 In the village: Hot. -Pens. Caspar Badrutt ; Steffasi ; Hotel -Pens. 
 ScissE ; Yeeagcth; Hot. -Pens. National; Hot. -Pens. Helvetia, with 
 re.'^taurant and confectioner's; Hot. -Pens. Wettstein; Hot. -Pens, zde 
 Post; Hot. Petersbceg, a little below theEngadiner Kulm Hotel with good 
 view; Hot. - Pens. Beaueivage, in an open situation, overlooking the 
 lake. — Pensions, beginning from the lower end : Rhaetia, Villa Berry, Joos, 
 Flugi, Schmidt, Gartmann , Villa GvUnenberg, Helvetia, IJarimann , Villa 
 zum Griinen Berg, Pidermann , Villa Languard , next the Kulm Hotel ; 
 Tognoni-Badruit , Imely situated above the lake. Outside the village, on 
 the Samaden road, Zum Baren & Pens. Steelier. — English Physician : Dr. 
 Holland (in summer and winter). 
 
 Carriages. With one horse to the Kurhaus for 1-2 pers. 2, 3-4 pers. 
 3 fr. ; with two horses for 3-4 pers. 4, for 5 pers. 5 fr. ; to Campfer 5-6 or 
 10-12 fr. ; to the Alpina via Campfer 6-7 or 13-14 fr. ; to Samaden 6-8 or 
 12-15 fr. ; to Pontresina 8-10 or 15 18 fr. ; to the Roseg Glacier, one-horse 
 16-22 fr. 5 to the Morteraisch Glacier 12-14 or 22-25 fr. ; to the Bernina 
 Houses 14-16 or 25-2^ fr. ; to the Bernina Hospice 20-24 or 34-36 fr ; to Po- 
 schiavo 40 or 70-80 fr. ; to the Maloja 12-15 or 24-27 fr. ; to Ckiavenna 45 
 or 70-90 fr. ; to Coire 70 or 110-120 fr. ; fee 10 per cent of the tariff. — 
 Omnibus to Maloja daily at 10 a.m. in I3/4 hr. (3 fr., there and back 5 fr.). 
 Omnibus for patients in the forenoon between the village and the baths 
 every hour. 
 
 Guides" Tariff given in the different excursions. Wieland Wieland^ 
 Dan. Schlegel, Alex., Abr. and Stephan Wieland, Flor. Grass, Joh. Luzi, 
 Barth. Schocher, etc. may be recommended as guides. — Trespassing on 
 the meadows before hav-harvest is punishable by a fine. 
 
 St. Moritz, Rom. 'San Murezzan (6090'; "pop. 822), the highest 
 village in the Engadine, 130' higher than the Maloja, lies on a slope
 
 Engadine. ST. MORITZ. VI. Route 101. 393 
 
 to the N. of the Lake of St. Moritz, which abounds in trout, and 
 commands a fine view of the mountains, from the Piz Langnard 
 westwards to the Piz Julier, particularly of the Piz Surlej, with its 
 glacier, the Piz Corvatsch and (farther distant^ the Piz della Margna, 
 The majority of visitors are English or American ; Italians are also 
 numerous. Several hundred patients usually spend the winter here, 
 which they enliven with skating and tobogganing. 
 
 A guide-post at the W. end of the village indicates the way to 
 the'Wald-Promenade', which leads in25min. to the A/pmr; (p. 392). 
 — From the centre of the village a road descends to the S.E. past the 
 Hotel Beaurivage and (8 min.) crosses the Inn, which forms a fine 
 waterfall 100 yds. below the bridge. On the right bank is the 
 Restaurant 4' Pens. Waldha'ts, with a view-terrace. Hence we may 
 either proceed on the hill-side along the forest, or take the footpath 
 which begins at the bridge and skirts the lake to the (20 min.) 
 Meierei (^Acla Silva, see p. 392). — From the Inn bridge (fingerpost^ 
 a very attractive path leads on the right bank through the gorge of 
 Charnadura to ('/o hr.) Celerina and Pontresina. — From the E. 
 extremity of the village opposite the Hotel Engadiner Kulm a good 
 path ascends N.E, to the (2/4 hr.") Alp Laret (6893'); another past 
 the new town hall to the N.W. to the (1 hr.) ALp Giop (7160'). 
 
 From the Alp Laret we may proceed to the (^4 hr.) "iSass da Muottas 
 (7766'), with fine view of the Bernina chain and Inn valley; descent through 
 the Val Saluver to (2/4 hr.) Celerina. — From the Alp Giop a path leads 
 to the (2V-.' 3 hrs.) top of the -Piz Nair (10.040'; guide advisable, 7 fr., 
 with descent to the Val Suvretta 10 fr.) ; superb view. 
 
 To Samauen through the Val Suvretta, and the Val Bever. 7 hrs., 
 interesting, especially for botanists (guide unnecessary). The route from 
 the baths leads by the Lower Alpina., and that from the village by the 
 Alp Giop. We then ascend past the Alp Suvretta to the small Suvretta 
 Lake (8563') and the (3 hrs.) pass (8590') which separates the S. Val Su- 
 vretta da St. Moritz from the N. Val Suvretta da Samaden. We de- 
 scend the latter, to the (V4 hr.) Alp Suvretta- Samaden (7024'), where 
 the Val Suvretta opens into the Val Bever, and reach the (1''4 hr.) 
 Alp Prasiiratsch, where a road begins. Thence back to St. Moritz by 
 carriage previouslv ordered (16-20 tr.), by Severs and Samaden in 2 hrs. 
 
 The Piz Ro.^aisch (98'25' ; guide 8 fr.) and the Piz Surlej (10.455' ; guide 
 10 fr.) may be ascended from the Ada Silva (see above) via the Statz Alp; 
 both rather fatiguing (c imp. p. 4(XD). 
 
 An 'Excursion on the Bernina Road as far as the Hospice (p. 403), 
 including a visit to the Morteratsch Glacier (p. 397) or the Alp Griim 
 (p. 403), takes 10 hrs. by carriage (p. 393). 
 
 The Footpath to Pontresina, 3/^ hr., is shorter than the carriage- 
 road via Celerina. From the Dairy (Ada Silva, p. 392), it pa-ses the N. 
 end of the Statzer See (where the road to Celerina leads straight on), 
 turns to the right, and then to the left after a few paces, and traverses a 
 wood, rounding the base of the Rosatsch. Below ('/z hr.) Pontresina we 
 either cross the Berninabach to the ('4 hr.) Hotel Roseg-, or we may cross 
 the Roseg, to the right, and the Punt Ota to the Hotel Saratz. 
 
 The Samaden road ascends for a short distance, and then de- 
 scends in a long bend through larch-wood (short-cut for walkers by 
 the old road). On quitting the wood we enjoy an admirable survey 
 of the Inn Valley, extending nearly in a straight line to the Munt 
 Baseglia near Zernetz (p. 406) which apparently closes the valley.
 
 394 VI. Route 101. SAMADEN. Ujmr 
 
 Passing Cresta, Rom. Crasta (5690' ; Pens. Misani, with restaurant), 
 we cross the Schlatteinbach, descending from the Val Saluver (see 
 p. 395), to — 
 
 14 M. Celerina, Rom. Schlarigna (*H6t.-Pens. Murail, pens. 
 from 8 fr.). The road divides here. The branch to the right, to 
 (1 hr.) Pontresina (p. 395), crosses the Inn and passes the dilapi- 
 dated chapel of St. Gian^ crosses the Berninabach and joins the 
 Samaden road (see below). The left branch leads to Samaden. 
 
 Footpath through the Charnadilra to the Ada, see p. 393. It diverges 
 to the right before the Inn bridge, leads through a meadow on the bank 
 of the Inn, crosses to the right bank, and ascends gradually through wood. 
 
 Near Sa^msiden the Flatzbach or Berninabach, descending from the 
 Bernina, falls into the Inn. 
 
 15 M. Samaden. — *H6tel Bernina, R.,, L., &A. from 51/2, B. I1/2, 
 lunch 3V2: D. 5 fr., at the lower end of the village; Hot. -Pens, des Alpes, 
 moderate ; Hotel Bellevue (/. Lis), near the Inn bridge on the Pontresina 
 road, well spoken of; -Krone , unpretending. — Carriage with one horse 
 to the Village of St. Moritz for 2 pers. 5. 3 pers. 7, with two horses for 
 4, 5, or 6 pers. 10, 12, or 15 fr. ; to the Baths of St. Moritz one-horse 7 or 
 9, two-horse 14, 16, or 18 fr., there and back, or with luggage 8 or 11, or 
 16, 18, 20 fr. ; to Pontresina one-horse 4 or 5V2, two-horse 8, 10, or 13 fr., 
 there and back, or with luggage one-horse 5 or 7, two-horse iO, 12, or 
 15 fr. ; Morteratsch one-horse 8 or 10, two-horse 16, 20, 25 fr. ; Roseg one- 
 horse 15 or 20 fr. ; Bernina Houses one-horse 12 or 14 fr., two-horse 22, 
 27, 35 fr. ; Bernina Hospice one-horse 15 or 20 fr., two-horse 30, 35, 45 fr. 
 — Omnibus daily 7 a.m. from the Hotel Bernina to the Baths of St. Moritz 
 (in IV4 br.) and to Pontresina and the Morteratsch Glacier. 
 
 Samaden, Rom. Samtdan (5670' ; pop. 842), the chief village 
 of the Upper Engadine, with handsome houses and a new English 
 Church, is another summer resort, beautifully situated on the W. side 
 of the Inn Valley. The principal old house is that of the Planta 
 family, a name intimately connected with the history of the country 
 for nearly 1000 years. Splendid view to the S.W. (finest from the 
 Bevers road below the village) of the imposing Bernina Chain, cul- 
 minating in the beautiful white Piz Palii, the lofty Piz Bernina, Piz 
 Tschierva, and farther to the right Piz Roseg; in the foreground the 
 Piz Rosatsch and to the extreme right, above the hills of St. Moritz, 
 the Piz della Margna. 
 
 Walks. To the N., past the English church, to the (1/2 ir. Munterutsch, 
 a larch-clad hill, with a fine view of the Bernina group. Thence to the 
 right, by a pleasant wood-walk, to the (V2 hr.) saw-mill of Resgia in the 
 Val Bever. — To the W. in 20 min. to the hill of Salvasplanas, above the 
 church of St. Peter (5S95'), with tombstones of the Planta, Salis, Juvalta, 
 and other families, and the (1 hr.) Alpetta. — To the S. to the O/2 hr.) 
 wooded hill of Christolais, between Samaden and Celerina. 
 
 The -Muottas Muraigl (p. 399; 2V2hr8.) is a very fine point. The bridle- 
 path (steep and somewhat sunny; horse or mule 10 fr.) diverging to the 
 left from the Pontresina road at the bridge over the Inn, descends along 
 the right bank and after 25 min. turns to the right into the Val Ghampagna, 
 through which it ascends by a new path to the (2 hrs.) summit. From 
 the Muottas Muraigl to Pontresina (IV2 hr.), see p. 399; to the top of the 
 Schafherg (IV2 hr.) see p. 399. 
 
 To the W. above Samaden rises Piz Padella (9460'), a grotesquely cleft 
 limestone rock, which may be ascended by a good path in 3 hrs., diverging 
 from the Piz Ot route at the point where a small valley begins at the back
 
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 Engadine. PONTRESINA. VI. Route 102. 395 
 
 of the Padella. *View of the Inn Valley, from Silvaplana to Zernet/,. Rich 
 (lora. A rocky ridge with three peak3 ( Trais Fluors , 'three flowers''; 
 9700') connects the Piz Padella with the massive *Piz Ot (10,660' -, 'lofty 
 peak'; guide 10 fr.). This granite peak, rising abruptly in a pyramidal 
 form, and formerly accessible to experts only, is now ascended without 
 danger in 4-4V2 hrs. from Samaden. Bridle-path to the (2^/2 hr,) Fontauna 
 Fraida ('cold spring'; 8840'), where it is joined by the direct path from 
 St. Moritz and Celerina through the Val Saluver and the Fuorcla da Trais 
 Fluors. Finally, the path ascends for 3/4 hr. in zigzags, iron rods being 
 attached to the rock at awkward places. Imposing view, little inferior to 
 that from the Piz Languard (p. 399). 
 
 From Samaden to Poxtresina (31/4 M). The road [Bernina 
 Road, R. 104) soon crosses the Inn, traverses the bottom of the 
 valley, and at the point where it reaches the Flatzbach is joined by 
 the road from Celerina (p. 394). It then crosses the Muraigl (p. 399). 
 Near Pontresina, to the right, appears the beautiful Roseg Glacier 
 (p. 397); in the background rise Piz Morteratsch, Piz Tschierva, La 
 Sella, and Piz Gliischaint. 
 
 102. Pontresina and Environs. 
 
 Comp. also Map^ p. 386. 
 Hotels (frequently so full from the middle of July to the middle of 
 August as to render engagement of rooms in advance prudent). At Unter- 
 Pontresina: *H6tel Roseg, at the N. end of the village (largely patronized 
 by English and Americans), with a large 'Dependance' and full view of 
 the Roseg Valley, R., L., & A. from 41/2, B. IV2, lunch 3V2, D. 5, board 
 8 fr. ; *H6t. Enderlin, R., L., & A. 4-6, lunch 3, D. 5, pens. incl. R. from 
 
 11 fr.; *Weisses Kkedz (Fnderlin senr.), R. & A. 3-3V2, B. 1 fr. 25 c, 
 D. 3 fr. 25, S. 2'/2, pens. 9fr. ; ■Kronenhof & Bellavista, with fine view 
 (patronized by English travellers), R.. L., & A. 4V2, 1>. 41/2, lunch 3 fr. ; 
 ■Hot. Saratz, R. & A. from 4'/2-5, board 9 fr. ; *Hot. -Pens. Pontresina 
 & Post, R., L., & A. from 4, B. IV2, lunch 2, D. 4, pens, from lO'/a fr. ; 
 ■^HoT. Languard, R., L., & A. from 4, lunch 8, D. 5, pens. 12-15 fr. : Hot. 
 MiJLLEB, Hot. Bernina, R., L., & A. from 21/2, pens. incl. R. 8-11 fr. — 
 At Ober-Poniresina: Steinbock, R., L., & A. from 31/2, D- 4, S. 3, board 
 61/2 fr. — Private Apartments at Villa Jenny, Villa Ludwig, Villa Carduff, 
 etc. — Beer at the Hot. L'nderlin, Kronenhof and the H6t. Pontresina. — 
 Cafi Casino; Cafi Ma Campagne, above the Hotel Pontresina, with pretty 
 view: Chalet Sanssouci (p. 396). 
 
 Guides. Martin Schocher, Hans Grass^ the Younger, Joh. Gross., Andr. 
 Ranch, Benedict Cadonau. L. Caflisch, Hermann Freimann, Paul Miiller, Chr. 
 Schnitzler, Peter Beeli, etc. The charges for the excursions are given in 
 each case. Smaller excursions, not fixeri in the tarilf, 10 fr. daily; if more 
 than three persons, each 2 fr. extra. The guide carries luggage not ex- 
 ceeding 14 lbs. 
 
 Photographs, etc., at Flurfs., near the Hotel Pontresina. — Physicians: 
 Dr. P. Gredig, Kronenhof; Dr. Bernhardt, Villa Ludwig. — Alpine plants 
 at CaviezeVs. 
 
 Post & Telegraph Office, below the Hotel Pontresina. 
 
 Carriages. The fares here given are the return-fares, and in each case 
 include waiting for 1 hr., each additional hr. 1 fr. for one-horse, 2 fr. for 
 two-horse carriages. To iforteratsch, with one horse, 1-2 pers. 5, 3 pers. 6 fr., 
 with two horses, 4 pers., 10 fr. ; Roseg, with one horse 9 or II72 fr. (there 
 or back only, 8 or 10 fr.); Bernina Houses one-horse 6 or 7'/2, two-horse 
 
 12 fr. ; Val del Fain one-horse 10 or 12 fr. ; Bernina Hospice one-horse 13 
 or 16, two-horse 25 fr. ; Village of St. Moritz one-horse 7 or 9, two-horse 
 14 fr. ; Baths of St. Moritz one-horse 8 or 10, two-horse 15 fr. ; Samaden 
 5 and 6, or 10 fr. ; Maloja 17 and 21, or 32 fr. Fee for driver of one horse, 
 half-day 50 c., whole day 1 fr. ; for longer excursions 10 per cent of the
 
 396 VI. Route 102. PONTRESINA. Promenades. 
 
 fare. For each day of rest, 10 fr. per horse. Detailed tariff for longer 
 journeys at the hotels. 
 
 Omnibus from Samaden by Pontresina to the Morteratsch Glacier daily 
 (comp. p. 394"). 
 
 English Church Service during the season. 
 
 Pontresina (5915'; pop. 500), a consideraWe village, extend- 
 ing along the right bank of the Berninabach or Flatzbach on both 
 sides of the Bernina road for more than 1/2 M-) consists of Lower 
 Pontresina (Rom. Laret), with the large church, and Upper Pon- 
 tresina (Rom. Spierf), about 74 ^^- apart, between which lies a 
 group of houses called Bellavita, including the English Church. 
 Above Spiert are the houses of Giarsun and Carlihof, with the loft- 
 ily situated little church of 5. Maria (adjoined by the small church- 
 yard), and the ruined tower of La Spaniola. Pontresina owes its 
 importance as a mountaineering station to the proximity of the 
 Bernina Chain, which separates the Upper Engadine and the Val 
 Bregaglia from the Yaltellina, and vies in grandeur of its snowclad 
 peaks and glaciers (Rom. Vadret, Ital. Vedretta) with the Monte 
 Rosa group. The highest summit, the Piz Bernina (p. 401), is not 
 visible from Pontresina. A splendid view, however, opens from 
 Lower Pontresina between the Piz Rosatsch and Piz Chalchagn of 
 the Roseg Valley, with the Roseg Glacier and the Piz Tsohierva, 
 Sella, Gliischaint and Chapiitschin in the background. From Upper 
 Pontresina, the top of Piz Palii only is visible above the Morteratsch 
 VaUey, to the right of Munt Pers. To the N.W. rises the rocky 
 pyramid of Piz Ot. — The majority of visitors formerly used to be 
 English; now about one half of them are German. 
 
 Pretty ^TTood Pbomenades skirt the slope of Piz Chalchagn on 
 the left bank of the Berninabach and extend up the Roseg Valley. 
 They are usually entered by descending past the Hotel Saratz and 
 crossing the bridge Punt Ota, beyond which the Schlucht-Promenade 
 leads to the left through wood along the narrow gorge of the Ber- 
 ninabach, into which we may descend at two points (the second the 
 easier), to the (Y4 hr.) prettily situated Chalet Sanssouci (Cafe'). 
 A few paces before we reach it, paths diverge to the left and right : 
 to the left, we may descend to the bridge over theBerninaba'^h, and 
 re-ascend to Upper Pontresina; to the right is the Tais Promenade, 
 which after ^ 4hr. joins the Rusellas Promenade in the Roseg Val- 
 ley (see below). Straight on, the Schlucht-Promenade continues 
 on the left bank of the Berninabach to Morteratsch (p. 397); after 
 1/4 hr., we may diverge to the left, cross the bridge opposite the 
 Languard Fall (p. 397) and return by the road. — Ascending straight 
 on from the Punt Ota (to the right, the carriage-road to the Roseg 
 Valley, p. 397) and then following, past the fingerpost to the 'Mu- 
 ottas' to the left, the shady walks on nearly the same level, we reach 
 the Rusellas Promenade in the Roseg Valley, where (V4br,) a bench 
 commands a fine view of the Roseg Glacier. About 5 min. farther 
 on, a bridge crosses the Roseg to the carriage road (p. 397).
 
 Roseg Glacier. PONTRESINA. VI. Route 102. 397 
 
 A path leading straight on from the Punt Ota (fingerpost see p. 396) 
 ascends in I'/i hr. to the 'Signal' on the Muottas da Pontresina (7690' ; 
 fine view). 
 
 About 1/4 M. from the Punt Ota on the Rosog road, beyond the bridge 
 (see below), a fingerpost shows straight on the path to the (i/ahr.) Muottas 
 da Celertna, a N.E. spur of Piz Rosatsch (view). Thu same fingerpost also 
 shows the path to St. Moritz, which is (lOmin.) joined by the path 
 crossing the Berninabach below the Hotel Roseg ^ it then ascends through 
 wood to the (Vahr.) Lake of Statz and the (1/4 hr.) Ada Silva on the 
 Lake of St. Moritz (p. 392). 
 
 The *Morteratsch Glacier ( Vadret da Morteratsch ,• guide unneces- 
 sary; carriage in 1/9 ^ir. , see p. 395) is 3 M. to the S. of Upper 
 Pontresina. Pedestrians follow the Schlucht-Promenade , or 2/3 M. 
 from Upper Pontresina opposite the Lartguard Fall diverge to the 
 right from the Bernina road, cross the Berninabach, and then pro- 
 ceed by a shady path on the left bank of the brook to the restaurant. 
 The Road diverges to the right from the Bernina road about IV2 
 M. farther (see p. 402), and crosses (1 M.) the Berninabach^ which 
 forms pretty falls above and below the bridge. Then across the 
 Morteratsch Brook to the (l 4 M.) Restaurant- Pens. Morteratsch 
 (6260'; R. 2-3, pens. 6 fr.) , situated 10 min. from the foot of 
 the glacier (view of the Piz Palii , Bellavista, Crast'agiizza, and 
 Piz Bernina). In the glacier is an artificial grotto (1/2 ^r.); thence 
 to the top of the glacier 10 min. (guide indispensable, 5 fr.). 
 — To the right (on the left side of the glacier), by a red and 
 white cross a path ascends , at first through wood, past a chalet, 
 and about 10 min. beyond it to the right, to the (25 min.) Chiinetta^ 
 a point of view affording a complete survey of the glacier and its 
 grand environment (from the Munt Pers towards the right : Piz Palii, 
 Bellavista, Zupo, Crast'agiizza, Bernina, part of the Roseg, Morte- 
 ratsch, Boval, Tschierva). 
 
 A closer survey is obtained from the Boval Hut (8070'), I1/2 hr. higher 
 up (2 hrs. from the inn), on the W. side of the glacier. The path (guide con- 
 venient) ascends the slope of the valley from a point 5 min. below the 
 Chiinetta, finally through a 'cheminde', to the hut, maintained by the S. A. C, 
 the starting-point for the Bernina, Morteratsch, Palii, etc. (p. 401). Less 
 ambitious travellers should at least (with guide) walk hence across the 
 glacier to the fall of the Pers Glacier (there and back 3"j hrs. ; with guide 
 only, 12 fr. ; comp. p. 400). 
 
 *B,oseg Glacier (road to the inn 6 M., carriage in 2/4 hr., see 
 p. 395; thence to the glacier 1/2 1^^.). From the Punt Ota (p. 396), 
 we keep tothe right, cross the Roseg Brook, and ascend its left bank 
 between the wooded Piz Chalchagn on the left and the Piz Rosatsch 
 on the right. After I1/2 M- ^e leave a bridge across the Roseg 
 below us on the left (Rusellas Promenade, see p. 296) and 1 M. 
 farther, by the Alp Priima, cross the stream. A little farther, there 
 is a good spring on the right. After IV2 ^1- more, beyond the 
 wooded Muot da Cresta, we again cross the brook, and soon reach 
 the (1/4 M.) small Restaurant du Glacier (6560'; also R.), 2/4 hr. 
 from the Roseg Glacier, which has receded greatly of late, but 
 is well surveyed from the inn, with the peaks surrounding it (Piz
 
 398 VI. Route 102. PONTRESINA. Schafberg. 
 
 Tschierva, Bernina, Roseg, la Sella, Piz Gliischaint, la Monschia, 
 and Piz ChaputscMn). The glacier consists of two large ice-cata- 
 racts (E. the Vadret da Roseg, and W. the Vadret da Tschierva), 
 which unite below. Between them rises the green isolated rock 
 of Aguagliouls, where sheep graze in summer. Through the teles- 
 cope at the inn, grazing chamois may generally be discovered in the 
 afternoon high up on the slopes ofPizMisaum. — A more extensive 
 view of the imposing amphitheatre is obtained from the *Alp Ota 
 (7385'): the path leads from the inn for 20 min. at the same 
 level, and ascends past a projecting rock on the right to the (Y2 l^r-) 
 two chalets of the Alp. Passing to the right of the chalets, we 
 reach the best point (on the Mortel path) in 20 min. more, where 
 in addition to the above named peaks to the left and right of Piz 
 Bernina the Piz Morteratsch and Monte Scerscen are visible ; be- 
 tween the Morteratsch and Bernina the Fuorcla Prievlusa, between 
 the Scerscen and Roseg the Porta Roseg, and between the Roseg 
 and Sella the Sella Pass. 
 
 For the glacier itself a guide is necessary (7 fr. ; to be had at the 
 Restaur, du Glacier): a path on the right side of the Eoaag brook leads 
 by the Alj) Misaum to the (1 hr.) Margum Mlsaum (7393') and thence across 
 the glacier to the rocky hill of Aguagliouls (nearest point, 8780'), lV2br. ; 
 view grander and more complete than from the Alp Ota. 
 
 An admirable survey is also obtained from the Alp Surovel (7425'; 
 milk), 3/4 hr. from the Roseg Restaurant, on the way to the Fuorcla Surlej 
 (p. 391). — A path, commanding splendid views, leads from the Alp Ota 
 along the slope to the (1 hr.) Mortel Club Hut (7840'), grandly situated, 
 the starting-point for Piz Pi-oseg, the Sella Pass, etc. From the hut across 
 the Roseg Glacier to the rock of Aguagliouls V-ji hr. ; thence back to the 
 Roseg Restaurant 2 hrs.; a very fine round, with guide (15 fr.). 
 
 A most interesting excursion is the ascent of the *Scliafberg 
 (^Munt della Bes-cha, 8965'; bridle-path in 2V2 ^rs.; guide un- 
 necessary). Good paths lead from the Hotel Roseg , passing the 
 picturesque chalet of Herr Nitzschner, and to the left of the large 
 church of Lower Pontresina, to the (20 min.) hill Crast' Ota (fine 
 views), where they unite. We then ascend through wood to a 
 (50 min.) Chalet Restaurant (7320'), an admirable point of view. At 
 our feet lie Pontresina and the snow-girt Roseg valley, bounded by 
 the Piz Rosatsch on the right and the Piz Chalchagn on the left, with 
 the glistening peaks of the Sella, Piz Gliisohaint, the Monschia, and 
 the Chapiitschin in the background; adjoining the Piz Chalchagn 
 on the right is the Piz Morteratsch, on the left the Bellavista, Piz 
 Palii, Piz Cambrena, Munt Pers, and Sassal Masone ; then the 
 Languard valley with the Paradies and the Piz Albris ; to the right, 
 below us , at the foot of the Rosatsch , are the sombre little Lake 
 of Statz and the blue Lake of St. Moritz; above these rise the 
 mountains on the N. side of the Inn, Piz Luiighino, Lagrev, Albana, 
 Julier, Nair, Ot, and the serrated Crasta Mora near the Albula Pass. 
 — From this point a bridle-path ascends in 1 1/4 hr. to the top of the 
 saddle between Las Sruors ('sisters'; W. peak, 9780', ascended in 
 2/4 hr. ; guide 20 fr. ; good view of the Bernina group and the
 
 Piz Lanyuard. PONTRESINA. VI. Route 102. 399 
 
 Ortler) and tlie summit of the Schafberg (S9Q6'), to the left, reached 
 in 10 min. more. On the summit is a Chalet-Restaurant opened in 
 1891. The *View embraces the whole Bernina group (beside the 
 peaks already mentioned we see, beginning at the Bellavista, the 
 Piz Zupo, Argient, Crast'agiizza, Piz Bernina, Piz Bianco, Mte. di 
 Scerscen, Piz Morteratsch, Piz Roseg; on the other side of the Roseg 
 valley, Piz Corvatsch, and Piz Surlej), Piz Uertsch, Piz Kesch, to 
 the right of the Albula, the valley of the Inn as far as Maloja (with 
 the lakes of Campfer and Sils). — A path descends the N. 
 side of the Schafberg in zigzags into the bleak Muraiyl Valley, 
 affording a view of the Piz Vadret (10,400'), to the right. In 
 1/2 lir. we reach the bridge over the Muraigl, the right bank of 
 which we follow, passing the chalets of Muraigl, to a second bridge, 
 by which we regain the left bank. We skirt the N. slope of the 
 Schafberg, through fine wood, and reach the Hotel Roseg in Pon- 
 tresina in 1/2 ^^- more. 
 
 The *Muottas Muraigl (8270' ; 2 hrs. ; easy and attractive ; 
 guide unnecessary; horse 10 fr.) is also often ascended from Pon- 
 tresina (comp. p. 394). We follow the path above described, di- 
 verge to the left by a guide-post near the chalet above the Hotel 
 Roseg , and , skirting the W. and N. slope of the Schafberg by a 
 shady path, after I74 hr. cross the bridge to the Lower Muraiyl 
 Alp (7216'), where the path divides. The shorter but worse branch 
 ascends very steeply (V2 lir.) ; the right branch goes straight on for 
 some distance, then turns to the left beyond a ruined hut, and 
 reaches the (3/4 hr.) Upper Alp (2100') and the Inn of J. Lis 
 (4 beds). The best point of view is beside a stone man, a few min. 
 farther [on , where the path from Samaden ends (p. 394). From 
 this point we survey the glaciers of the Bernina (the Roseg Valley, 
 with the Piz Morteratsch, Piz Bernina, etc. being particularly strik- 
 ing), the green Upper Engadine with its lakes, from Ponte to the 
 Maloja, and the mountains on the N. side of the Inn Valley from 
 Piz Lunghino to Piz Kesch. — Descent to Samaden see p. 394; 
 over the Schafberg to Pontresina, 3 hrs.. see above. 
 
 *Piz Languard (10,715'; 4 hrs., way not to be mistaken; guide, 
 advisable after fresh snow, 10 fr. for 3 pers., each additional pers. 
 2fr. ; horse to the foot of the peak 10 fr.), fatiguing, but in tine 
 weather deservedly a favourite point of view. We start early, in 
 order to avoid the mists which often rise about 8 a.m.; and in 
 this case the path is in shade as far as the foot of the peak. From 
 Lower Pontresina the route is indicated by a guide-post near the 
 Hotel Languard ; from Upper Pontresina we follow near the Hotel 
 Steinbeck the path to the left, passing above the small burial- 
 chapel, and ascend the stony slope in zigzags, to the (I hr.) Alp 
 Lanyuard (7872'; refreshm., moderate"). Beyond the Alp we as- 
 cend the bleak Languard Valley to the (I74 hr.) base (9090') of 
 the Languard peak, where the bridle-path ends. A steep zigzag
 
 400 VI. Route 102. PONTRESINA. Diavolezza. 
 
 path leads hence to the (II/2 hr.) summit, on which is a trigono- 
 metrical signal (wine, coffee, etc., moderate). The *View (comp. 
 Panorama) extends to the S.W. as far as Mte. Rosa, to the S.E. 
 to the Adamello, to the N.W. to the Todi , and to the N.E. to 
 the Zugspitze. 
 
 Mountaineers maj' descend across the Languard Glacier and past tlie 
 little Pischa Lake (9121'), which is sometimes frozen over until late in sum- 
 mer, to the Val del Fain (p. 402) and the (21/2 hrs.) Bernina houses (guide 
 12 fr.). In descending it is advisable to keep several hundred paces to 
 the right of the waterfall which issues from the lake, as all the other 
 descents are very steep and difficult. — From the Languard Alp we may- 
 ascend the Paun da Ziicher (pain de sucre; 21/2 hrs., guide 15 frj, and 
 Piz Albris (10,387'; 3 hra., guide 20 fr.); both fatiguing. 
 
 The *Diavolezza Tour (9-10 hrs., which may distributed over 
 two days since the erection of the inn on the pass; guide 15 , in- 
 cluding night's stay 20 fr.) is one of the finest and least fatiguing 
 of glacier-excursions, and is often made. The path diverges to the 
 right from the Beniina road at the Bernina Houses (6720'; 6 M. 
 from Pontresina; carriages see p. 395)and ascends grassy and stony 
 slopes to the (I72 hr.) picturesque little Diavolezza Lake (8463'; 
 bridle-path thus far, horse from Pontresina 10 fr. and fee); then 
 over loose stones and snow, to the S.E. of Munt Pers ('lost moun- 
 tain'; 10,533'), to the (lV2tr.) Diavolezza Pass (9767'; *Inn), 
 commanding a grand *View (of overwhelming beauty in the early 
 morning) of the neighbouring Bernina group : from left to right, 
 Piz Cambrena, Palii, Bellavista, Crast'agiizza, Bernina, Morteratsch, 
 and Tschierva; below us lie the Pers and Morteratsch glaciers. 
 Steep descent (for novices rope desirable) over debris to the moraine 
 of the Pers Glacier; then across the glacier to the (1 hr.) rocky Isla 
 Persa; lastly over the middle moraine to the Morteratsch Glacier^ 
 and down the latter to the (2^/2 hrs.) Restaur. Morteratsch (p. 397). 
 
 Piz Rosatsch (9825'; 4-5 hrs. ; guide 12 fr.) and Piz Chalchagn (10,850'; 
 5-6 hrs. ; guide 15 fr.), without special interest. — *Piz Surlej (10,455'}, in 
 5-6 hrs. (guide 14fr.), an admirable point, is best ascended from the, Ada Silva 
 on the Lake of St. Moritz, over the Staiz Alp., or from Silvaplana (4-4V2hrs.). 
 — =Piz Corvatsch (11,345'; 51/2-6 hrs.; guide 16, back by Silvaplana 18, 
 by Sils 30 fr.), somewhat laborious. From the (41/2 M.) Roseg Inn (p. 397; 
 spend night) we ascend to the (^/4 hr.) Alp SurovH and follow the Surlej 
 route to the (V2 hr.) highest chalet {Margum Sura, 8000') ; then turn to the 
 left towards a snow-peak visible to the S.W., and ascend grassy and stony 
 slopes to the (1 hr.) Corvatsch or Alp Ota Glacier. Lastly up the glacier, 
 the crevasses of which require caution , to the (2 hrs.) summit , covered 
 with rocks, and generally free from snow. The guides usually halt on 
 the Piz Mortel (11,293'), but it is preferable to go on to the (1/4 hr.) high- 
 est peak, where the view to the S.W. is far more picturesque. The great 
 attraction of the view consists in the double survey, to the E. and S.E., 
 of the imposing Bernina amphitheatre, and, to the W., of the green En- 
 gadine witli its villages and lakes immediately below us. Distant view 
 very extensive, like that from Piz Languard; on the S.W. it extends to the 
 Monte Vise. Descent by the Fuorcla Surlej to Silvaplana (comp. p. 391). 
 The descent on the W. side by Marmorh to (3 hrs.) Sils, for experts only, 
 is steep and trving. 
 
 The *Piz Morteratsch (12,315'; 4-5 hrs. from the Boval Hut ; guide 
 30-35 fr.), though requiring a steady head, is the easiest of the higher peaks, 
 but difficult when there is little snow. — Chapiitschin (11,133'), 8-9 hrs..
 
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 Piz Bernma. PONTRESINA. VI. Route 102. 401 
 
 or from the Mortel Hut 4 hrs. ; guide 25, with descent to Fex 30 fr. — 
 PizTschierva (11,713'; 5-6 hrs. from the Roseg Restaurant; 25 fr.), fatigu- 
 ing, but repaving. — La Sella rll,T70'; 8-9 hrs.; from the Mortel Hut 4 hrs.-, 
 guide 30 fr.) and Piz Gliischaint (11,8U5'; 8-9 hrs.; guide 35 fr.) are not diffi- 
 cult, but require experience — *Piz Palii (12,835'}, conspicuous for the beauty 
 of its form and the purity of its snow, from the Diavolezza Inn 4V2-5V2 
 hrs., from Boval 7, or from the Capanna Marinelli (p. 402j 5 hrs., trying, 
 but with good guides (50 fr., for all three peaks 60 fr.) free from 
 danger. From the first (E.) peak (12,755) a narrow arete, descending 
 perpendicularly on the S. side (steady head necessary), leads to the double- 
 peaked second" (12,835') and the third peak (12,645'). The descent may be 
 made by the Bellavista Saddle and the Festung to the Movteratsch Glacier 
 (to the Hotel Morteratsch 5-6 hrs., guide 60 fr.). — *Piz Zupo C Verbovgnet 
 Horn\ 13,12U'), from the Boval Hut by the Fortezza (see below), or under 
 favourable conditions of the snow, direct by the Morteratsch Glacier in 
 6-8, or from the Capanna Marinelli by the CrasVagiizza Saddle in 4-5 hrs., 
 toilsome (guide 50 fr.) ; panorama of surpassing grandeur. — Crast'agiizza 
 (12,705'), a ridge between Piz Bernina and Piz Zupo, rising almost perpendic- 
 ularly from the glacier, 14 hrs. from Boval, difficult, but most interesting 
 (guide 80 fr.). 
 
 The -Piz Bernina (13,295'; 8-10 hrs. from the Boval Hut; guide 70 fr.), 
 the highest peak of the group, first ascended in 1850, is highly interesting, 
 but should be attempted by none but thorough experts. The route ascends, 
 according to the state of the snow, either direct through the central ice- 
 fall of the Morteratsch Glacier (the '•Lahyrinth")., and over rock and glacier 
 to the right; or by the so-called Festung or Fortezza to a basin of snow 
 between Piz Bernina and Crast'agiizza, and thence by the arete from 
 the S. E. side to the top. The ascent is shorter from the S. side (from 
 the Capanna Marinelli^ see below, over the Crasfagiizza Saddle, 6-7 hrs.). 
 A more difficult route ascends from the Tschierva Glacier and up the W. 
 slope, and then on the N. side by the Fuorcla Prievlusa (11,325'), the 
 Fizzo Bianco (13,117'), and the Bernina Scharte (accomplished for the first 
 time in 1878 by Dr. GussfeUit; 9-10 hrs. from the Roseg Restaur.). — Still 
 more difficult peaks are Piz Roseg (12,935'; 9-10 hrs. from the Mortel Hut; 
 guide 80 fr.), first ascended in 1865, and Monte di Scerscen (13,015'; guide 
 150 fr.), ascended for the first time in 1877 by Dr. Giissfeldt. Between 
 Monte di Scerscen and Piz Hoseg lies the difficult Porta Roseg (Fuorcla 
 Tschierva-Scerscen or Giissfeldt- Sattel; 11,573'), first crossed by Dr. Gussfeldt 
 in 1872 (ascent in 9-12 hrs. trom the Roseg Restaurant). 
 
 Passes. From Pontresina to Sils, several routes. The easiest (but 
 rather trying; 9 hrs. , guide 20 fr.) crosses the Fuorcla da Fex-Roseg 
 (10,110"). From the Mortel Hut (p. 39S; 4'/2 hrs. from Pontresina) we ascend 
 to the W. over debris and snow to the (2 hrs.) pass (splendid view); 
 then a steep and toilsome descent to the Lej Sgrischus, well stocked 
 with trout, and either into the Fex Valley and to Curtins (p. 389), or to 
 the right by Marmort to (2'/2 hrs.) Sils-Maria (p. 339). — From Pontresina 
 to Sils over the Fuorcla Chapiitschin (10,590'), bet%veen the Chapiitschin 
 and Monschia, or over the Fuorcla Gliischaint (about ll,li00'), between 
 the Monschia and Piz Gliischaint, both for experts only (guide 35 fr.). 
 
 Over the Sella Pass to tue Val JIalenco, grand and interesting, 
 but trying (from the Mortel Hut to Fellaria 8-9, to Chiesa 12-13 hrs.; 
 guide to Poschiavo or Chiesa, or back to Pontresina by the Cambrena 
 or Bellavista Pass, 65 fr.). From the Mortel Hut we ascend behind the 
 Agua^liouls rock and over the Boseg Glacier and the crevassed Sella Glacier 
 to the (3-3V2 hrs.) Sella Pass (Fvorcla Sella, 10,S43'), lying to the S.W. of 
 the huge rock and ice precipices of Fiz Roseg (12,935'). Descent over the 
 Scerscen Glacier, with splendid views of the S. side of the Bernina group 
 (Mte. di Scerscen, Piz Bernina, Crast'agtizza, Zupo, and Mte. Nero and 
 Disgrazia to the right), and across a snow-saddle running out from Piz 
 Zupo, to the left of which, on the rock higher up, is the Capanna Marinelli 
 (p. 402), to the neve of the Fellaria Glacier; then down the right side 
 of the glacier, over rock and debris to the (4 5 hrs. from the pass) Fel- 
 laria Chalets in the Val Campo Moro (7335'; poor, occupied in the height 
 
 Baeuekee, Switzerland, lath Edition. 26, 27
 
 402 VI. Boute 102. PONTRESINA. Val del Fain. 
 
 of summer only). Thence down the Val Lanterna to Lanzada and (4 hrs.) 
 Chiesa in the Val Malenco (p. 413t. — Instead of going to Chiesa, the trav- 
 eller may prefer to complete the Circuit of Piz Bernina and return to 
 Pontresina. In this case we do not descend to the Fellaria Chalets. On 
 the upper part of the Scerscen Glacier we keep to the left, again ascend, 
 and reach (1V2-2 hrs. from the Sella Pass) the Capanna Marinelli, a cluh- 
 hut of the C. A. I., situated on the rocks running out from the Piz Zupo 
 (ahout 9840'), between the Scerscen and Fellaria glaciers, 3 hrs. above the 
 Fellaria Chalets. This is the starting-point for the Piz Bernina, Palii, 
 etc. (see p. 401). The direct route hence Back to Poxtresina, over the 
 Fuorcla Bellavista (12,080'), between the Bellavista and Piz Palii, and 
 down by the Fortezza (p. 401) and the Morteratsch Glacier, is laborious 
 (9-10 hrs.; guide 50 fr.). — To the Bernixa Hospice over the Cambrena 
 I?A.ss, 8-9 hrs., fatiguing, but repaying (guide 50 fr.). From the Fellaria 
 Glacier we cross a saddle of neve on the S. side of Piz Palii, to the Palii 
 Glacier, skirt the slopes of Piz Palii and Piz Cam5/'e«a (11,835'), and reach 
 the Cambrena Pass (11.250), between Piz Cambrena and Piz Carale. Descent 
 over the Gnmhrena Glacier to the Lago >'ero (p. 403) and the Bernina 
 Hospice. During the ascent a view extending from Mte. della Disgrazia to 
 the snow-mountains of the Oetzthal is gradually revealed. This route is 
 easier in the reverse direction, a night being spent at the Bernina houses 
 or the hospice. In this case, too, the place exposed to falls of ice is 
 passed early in the morning. — Experts may, without difficulty, descend 
 from the snow-saddle on the side of Piz Palii (p. 401) direct to the Palii 
 Glacier, avoiding the creva^'ses by keeping to the left, and then over 
 turf and rock, pa?t the Sassnl Masone . to the Bernina Hospice (7-8 hrs. 
 from the Capanna ^larinelli. 12-13 hrs. from the Mortel Hut; guide 50 fr.). 
 
 To PoscHiAvo a route leads from Fellaria to the E. over the Passo 
 Rovano or Confinale (8590), and throuih the Val Orse , in 3V 2 hrs. ; an- 
 other crosses the Canciano Pass (836()'; comp. p. 413), lying farther S. 
 (also 3V2 hrs.). To reach the latter pass from the Fellaria Chalets we 
 descend a little over old moraines of the Fellaria Glacier, and then 
 ascend to the left through the Val Poschiavina to the (IV2 hr.) pass, where 
 we have a fine survey of the Fellaria and Verona Glaciers, of the Piz 
 Zupo and Piz Roses, and the Canciano Glacier to the S. Descent bv the 
 Alp d Ur (6350') and through the Val di Gole to (2 hrs.) Poschiavo (p." 412). 
 
 From Pontresina to Malenco over the Chaputschin Pass and the 
 FooRCLA Fex-Scerscen, 12-13 hrs. from the Mortel Hut (guide 65 fr.), a 
 toilsome route, for experts only. Over the Fuorcla Chapiitschin or the Fuorcla 
 Gliischalnt to the Fe.r Glacier (difficult descent), see p. 401. Instead of 
 descending to the right to the Fex Valley, we turn to the left to the 
 snowy saddle of the Fuorcla Fex-Scerscen and then descend the Scerscen 
 Glacier to the Val ifalenco (p. 413). 
 
 From Poxtresina to the Bernina Hospice, 91/2 M., a beautiful 
 day's excursion (carriages see p. 395), including a Tisit of the 
 Sassal Masone or the Alp Griim. — From Pontresina to the point 
 where the road to the Morteratsch Glacier diverges, see p. 397. The 
 Bernina road begins to ascend. To the right a splendid *yiew of the 
 Morteratsch Glacier, with its huge medial moraine, overshadowed by 
 the dazzling Piz Palii, Bellavista, Zupo, Argient, Crast'agiizza, the 
 Piz Bernina, Morteratsch, and Tschierva. (From one of the windings 
 of the road, by a horse-trough, a path diverges to the Bernina Falls 
 and the Morteratsch Glacier.") About 5 M. from Pontresina are the 
 solitary Bernina Houses (6723'; *Restaur.), near the entrance to the 
 Val del Fain. — Diavolezza Route see p. 400. 
 
 The Val del Fain, or JTeuthal, 5 31. long, is interesting to botanists 
 (Edelweiss grows on the slopes at the head of the valley). A bridle-path 
 (practicable for light vehicles for 2^/2 M. ; carriages see p. 895.) ascends the 
 valley and crosses the Alp La Stretta to the Passo Fieno (8146'), between
 
 Alp Grilm. BERNINA HOSPICE. VI. Route lOd. 403 
 
 the Piz Slretla (10,195') and the Piz dels Lejs (10,015') , whence a steep and 
 stony footpath descends into the Spiil Valley to (6 hrs.) Livigno (p. 406). — 
 Ascent of Piz Langiiard hy La Pischa, see p. 400. 
 
 Beyond the Bernina Houses (2/4 M.) the old bridle-path diverges 
 to the right, and leads on the left side of the brook over the Alp 
 Bregaglia to the pass. The road crosses the brook and ascends grad- 
 ually on the E. side of the valley, passing the mouth of the Val 
 Minor. (To the left rise Piz Alv and Piz Lagalb, to the right the 
 stony slopes of the Diavolezza, p. 400.) The zone of trees is now 
 quitted. The road passes the small Lago Minore (Rom. Lej Pitschen) 
 and Lago Nero (Rom. Lej Nair), leads to the left above the light 
 green Lago Bianco (Rom. Lej Alv; 7316') and, describing a sharp 
 bend, crosses a brook descending to the left from Piz Lagalb. The 
 narrow barrier between the Lago Nero and the Lago Bianco forms 
 the watershed between the Black Sea and the Adriatic, the waters of 
 the former descending to the Inn, and those of the latter to the 
 Adda. To the right lies the Camhrena Glacier^ commanded by Piz 
 Cambrena (11,835') and Piz Carale (11,247'); to the \&it Sassal 
 Mnsone (9970'). Before us rises Pis Campascio (see below); to the 
 left of it is the conical Pizzo di Tea, to the right the Pizzo di Sena. 
 Pedestrians ascend from the Bernina Houses in 1^ 9 hr. to the — 
 
 121/2 M. Bernina Hospice (7r375'; '"Hotel, R. 2-2>/.2, lunch 21/2, 
 
 D. 4-47.2 fr. ; crowded about noon in fine weather), finely situated 
 above the Lago Bianco and opposite the Cambrena Glacier. To the 
 
 E. at the back of the hospice is the little Lago della Crocetta. 
 Excursions. (Guides and horses at the hospice.) Piz Campascio (8535' ; 
 
 guide 4 fr.), to the S. of the hospice, rising perpendicularly on the E. side, 
 ascended by a good path in IV2 hr., commands a very striking view. — Pia 
 Lagalb (9718'), to the N. (see above), also aftbrds a fine view (2 hrs. ; 4 fr.). 
 
 From the hospice to the Sassal Masone or the Alp Gruji (I V-t-lVzi there 
 and back 3-4 hrs. ; guide 4 fr., unnecessary; donkey or mule 7 fr. ; chaise- 
 a-porteurs, with 2 porters, 25 fr. !), very interesting. A few paces to the 
 S. of the hospice the bridle-path diverges from the road to the right 
 and skirts the E. bank of the Lago Bianco. It crosses (15min.) the brook 
 issuing from the S. end of the lake, and follows the right slope of the 
 vallej, skirting the little Lago della Scala. A fingerpost (15 min.) indi- 
 cates the path to the right to the Sassal Masone (',j hr.) ; the path straight 
 on leads to the Alp Griim. The *Sassal Masone Alp (7S00'; refreshments), 
 two round huts at the foot of the <b'assai J/aione (9970'), command.s a grand 
 view of the Palii Glacier, Pizzo di Verona, Piz Palu. the Poschiavo Valley, 
 and the Val Viola Mts. — The view of the glacier is still more imposing 
 from the Alp Griim. Where the path to the Sassal Mason diverges (see 
 above), we go straight on ; then, where the path divides and Piz Palii appears 
 to the right, to the left at the same level; and (72 hr.) reach the ~Alp 
 Griim (7182'; Resla7irant), where the superb Palii Glacier, separated from 
 us by a narrow valley onley, and the Poschiavo Valley far below, with its 
 lake and the villa'^es of Le Prese, Prada, and St. Antonio, are suddenly 
 revealed. To the S.E. in the distance rise the Adamello and Presanella. 
 
 From the Alp Guum to Poschiavo (2=^ 4 hrs.). The path descends steeply 
 to the right, and afterwards widens into a stony cart-track; 1/2 hr.. Alp la 
 Dotta; 1/4 hr., hamlet of Cavaglia (5580'), in a wider part of the valley. We 
 cross ('/4 hr.) the Cavagliasco, descending from the Palii Glacier through 
 a wild rocky gorge; then skirt the slope to the right by a very rough and 
 stony path (often the bed of a torrent), and descend rapidly to (I3/4 hr.) 
 Poschiavo (p. 412). Fine view of the valley and the opposite heights, ou 
 
 0(5=:=
 
 404 VI. Route 102. YAL VIOLA PASS. 
 
 whicli runs the Bernina road. Travellers intending to visit the Alp Griim 
 from Poschiavo (advisable only in dry w^eather) should have the beginning 
 of the route pointed out (boy from the hotel for a small fee). 
 
 Over the Cambrena Pass to Fellaria , grand but toilsome, see p. 402. 
 
 A few paces to the E. of the hospice is the top of the Bernina 
 Pass (7658'). Beyond it the road passes through two galleries and 
 descends rapidly in windings (avoidable by short-cuts), past La 
 Motta (65100, to (33/4 M.) — 
 
 I6V2M. La Rosa (6162'; poor Inn). 
 
 To the N. of La Motta opens the Val Lagone^ containing strata of 
 gypsum and alabaster, through which a narrow road leads over the Forcola 
 di LivigDO (7638') to (6 hrs.) lAvigno (p. 406). 
 
 Theough the Val Viola to Bormio (p. 417) 10 hrs., interesting ; guide 
 unnecessary in fine weather (from Pontresina to Bormio 45 fr.). The bridle- 
 path diverges from the Bernina road to the left at Sfazzu (p. 411) and 
 ascends the Val di Campo^ past the chalets oi Salha, La Tonta, and Plan Sena 
 (6500'), to (2 hrs.) Longacqua, the highest chalet or 'malga\ To the N. lies the 
 Val Mera, with the beautiful Corno di Campo (10,805'), whence a fatiguing route 
 crosses the Colle di Campo (8776') to Livigno. From this point through 
 the Val Viola Poschiavina to the (IV2 hr.) Val Viola Pass (8070') the path 
 is ill-defined at places (guide desirable for the inexperienced; keep to the 
 left before the summit), leading at first through woods of stone-pines, in 
 which several pretty little blue lakes lie to the right. Fine retrospective 
 view of the Bernina Mts. ; to the S. the precipices of the Cima Saoseo. 
 Beyond the pass the path, again distinct, gradually descends to (8/4 hr.) the 
 first chalet in the Val Viola Bormina, on the little Val Viola Lake (7480'). 
 It now leads high along the N. slope of the valley (beautiful views of the 
 Val di Dosdh to the right, with the Pizzo di Dosdi (10,760') and the Cima 
 Lago Spalmo (10,820'), and then descends rapidly through wood to the 
 (IV2 hr.) Ponte Minestva (6490'; below which is a waterfall) and the (3/4 hr.) 
 hamlet of Campo. Then across pastures and through wood at places, past 
 several houses and barns, to (IV2 hr.) S. Carlo (5185') , a village with a 
 church. On the right rise the Cima di Piazzi (11,280')', with the Piazzi 
 Glacier., and the Corno di S. Colombano (9915'). Descent to the Val di 
 Dentro and Semogo (route to Livigno by Foscagno , see p. 417), and by 
 Isolaccia (Osteria by the bridge) and Pedenosso to (2 hrs.) Premadio. We 
 now cross the Adda, and reach Bormio in 1/2 hr. by the road to the right, 
 or the New Baths (p. 418) in 1/4 ^^' ^7 tl^at to the left. 
 
 103. From Samaden to Nauders. Lower Engadine. 
 
 50 M. Diligence from Samaden to Schuls thrice daily in 51/2 hrs. (13 fr. 
 60, coupe 16fr. 35 c.); from Schuls to Nauders once daily in 31/2 hrs. (6fr. 
 50, coupe 7 fr. 80 c). (Diligence in connection to Landeck, p. 420.) The 
 scenery is pretty at places, but may be sufficiently surveyed from an open 
 carriage. The road is very dusty in dry weather. — Caekiage with one 
 horse from Tarasp to Samaden 36, to Pontresina 40 fr. ; Extra- Post and 
 pair from Samaden to Landeck in two days 150 fr. and l5 fr. fee, to Meran 
 via Martinsbruck in three days 200 fr. and 20 fr. fee. 
 
 Below Samaden, we enjoy a grand panorama of the Benina range 
 (comp. p. 394). 172 ^- Bevers (5610'; Schmidts Inn), a thriving 
 village, lies at the foot of the indented Crasta Mora (p. 382). Hr. 
 Krdttli, a botanist, sells dried plants here. Through the Val Bever 
 and Val Suvretta to St. Moritz, see p. 393. The road passes the 
 (3/4 M.) Agnas Inn, and leads along the canalized Inn to (I3/4M.) — 
 
 4M. Ponte (5548'; *H6tel Albula, R., L., & A. 2-21/9, B. 1 fr.; 
 "^Krone, beyond the bridge, plain), at the beginning of the Albula
 
 r?i^ 
 
 r\'"'i\'^"
 
 ZIJOZ. VI. Route 103. 405 
 
 Route (R. 99). On the opposite bank, at the base of Piz Mezaun, 
 lies Campovasto, or Camogasc, at the entrance to the narrow Val 
 Chamuera. 
 
 "Munt Muaella (8632'), on the right bank of the Inn, to the S.E. of 
 Ponte, is easily ascended in 2V2 hrs. (guide desirable) ; beautiful view, — 
 Piz Uertsch {Albulahorn, 10,738') is ascended from the Albula Pass in 3 hrs.; 
 a fatiguing climb, requiring a steady head; splendid view (guide 35 fr.). 
 — Piz Kesch, see below. 
 
 From Ponte to Livigno (6 hrs.) a bridle-path ; guide desirable. We 
 ascend the Val Chamuera to the (iVz hr.) chalets of Serlas (6634'), where 
 the Val Lavirum diverges ; then rapidly through the latter to the (2V2 hrs.) 
 Fuorcla Lavirum (Paxso delV Everone; 9250') , between (r.) Piz Lavirum 
 (Pizzo delV Everone; 10.020'; 3/^ hr. from the pass; splendid view of the 
 Ortler) and (1.) Piz Casanella (9616'). Then a steep descent into the Val 
 Federia. After 1 hr. the path descending from the Casana Pass (?ee below) 
 on the left joins our route ; 1 hr. , Livigno (p. 406). 
 
 The road follows the left bank of the Inn to (8/4 M.) Madulein 
 (5515'), with the ruin of Guardaval on a steep rock to the left 
 (5873'; ascent 1/4 hr.), erected in 1251 by Bishop Volkard to 'guard 
 the valley'. Then (IV2 M.) — 
 
 6M. Zuoz, or Zutz (5548'; pop. 429; *E6t. Concordia ^ Post, 
 with hydropathic, R. 21/2-372, D. 4, pens. incl. R. from 71/2 fr. ; 
 R. 31/2, pens. 71/2-972 fr-; Schweizerbund ; *Pens. Poult, 51/2 fr.), 
 a prosperous village, in a sheltered situation about 300' above the 
 bottom of the valley, visited as a summer resort. Pretty walks, 
 affording fiae views, lead hence to the hill of Crasta (I/4 hr.) and up 
 the valley of the Inn, through meadows and wood, to the (1 hr.) 
 ruin of Guardaval (see above) ; to the Schivera Gorge (I/2 hr.) ; to 
 the Arpiglia Gorge (1/2 hr.); Ada Perini (1 hr.); etc. 
 
 *Piz Griatschouls (9755'; 4 hrs.), not difficult; extensive view. Descent 
 by the Val Sulsanna to Capella (see below). — Piz Mezaun or Mezzem 
 (9727', 5 hrs.; guide), easy; very fine view. — *^Piz Kesch (11.230') not 
 difficult for experts, 5M2-6 hrs.,' with guide (Flury Claradetscher, Nuot 
 Cadeng, Gian Heinz; 20 fr., from Pontresina 40 fr. !). Cart-road to the 
 Alp Eschia, near which a club-hut is to be erected. Superb view from 
 the top. 
 
 Near (1 M.) Scanfs (5413'; Scaletta; Stern) the Inn is crossed 
 by a handsome bridge, but the road follows the left bank. 
 
 To the right opens the Val Casana, whence a bridle-path crosses the 
 Casana Pass (8832'; splendid view) to (7 hrs.) Livigno (p. 406). The pass lies 
 between Punta Casana (9870') and Punta Casanella (9616'), both easily 
 ascended, the former better from the Val Trupchum, on the N. side. 
 
 On the right rises Piz d'Esen (10,270'). Below (II/2 M.) Capella 
 the road crosses the Sulsanna. (Through the Val Sulsanna and over 
 the Scaletta and Sertig passes to Davos, see p. 355.") We next skirt 
 a pine-clad gorge of the Inn. Below Cinuskel (530O' ; Post), near 
 Brail (Kreuz), the Punt Ota, a bridge over a brook emerging from 
 the ValPuntota, separates the Upper from the Lower Engadine. 
 At the end of the gorge we have a fine view of the river and the 
 covered wooden bridge (4890 ') which carries the road to the 
 right bank. Through the opening of the valley we see the Munt 
 Baselgia and the Piz Nilna (see p. 406). Near (8V2 M.) Zernetz the 
 valley expands into a wide and partially cultivated basin, in which
 
 406 VI. Route 103. ZERNETZ. From Samaden 
 
 lies the scattered village with its slender spire. To the N. appears 
 the snow-furrowed head of Piz Linard fp. 407). 
 
 17 M. Zernetz (4910'; pop. 570; *Bdr, R., L., & A. 4 fr.), at 
 the influx of the dark Spol into the Inn, with a handsome church of 
 1623, has heen almost entirely rebuilt since a fire in 1872. 
 
 Munt Baseglia (97S0'; 4 hrs. ; guide 5 fr.), Piz d'Arpiglia (9945'; 5 hrs. ; 
 '6fr.), and Piz NtLna (10,260'; 6 hrs. ; 8fr.) are ascended from Zernetz (all 
 rather trying). — Piz Sursura (10,420'; 6-7 hrs.; 12 fr.), through the Vol 
 Swsura and over the glacier of that name, fatiguing. 
 
 From Zeenetz to Munstee (24V2 M. ; diligence daily in 6 hrs.). The 
 road, attractive even for walkers, gradually ascends on the right bank of 
 the Spol through the -wild and wooded defile of Za Serra, crossing several 
 ravines (Val da Barcli, Val Laschadura) and the wooded plateau of C/ia?np 
 Sech to the (5V2 M.) bridge over the Ova d' Spin (b'd%T). Beyond the bridge 
 the shorter old bridle-path ascends in a straight direction over the hill 
 of Champ Long and through the Val Ftur to the Ofen Inn, while the new 
 road makes a long circuit to the right, skirting the wooded hill of Cras- 
 tatscha. We cross the (23/4 M.) Ova del Fiwvn (5610'), in its wild ravine 
 (bridle-path to the right to Livigno , see below). "The road skirts the 
 left bank of the Ova del Fuorn, crosses it, and reaches (IV2 M.) the Inn on 
 the Ofenberg (// Fuorn, 5920'). It next passes the mouth of the Val del 
 Botsch^ the Val da Stavelchod and Val Niiglia^ and ascends the marshy Alp 
 Buffalora to the (5 M.) Ofen Pass {Sii Som, 7070'), with fine view of the 
 Ortler. (Thence across the Buffalora Pass to the Fraele Valley and Bonnio^ 
 p. 417.) We descend through stone-pines to (3 M.) Cierfs (5460 ' ; *Alpen- 
 rose), in the Miinsterthal, or Val Mustair, watered by the Rambach. Then 
 (IV2 M.) Fuldera (to the left above which lies Lu. p. 410), (2 31.) Valcava, 
 and (IV2 M.) St. Maria (Weisses Kreuz ; Piz Umbrail). From St. Maria to 
 (2 M.) MUnster and (91/2 M.) Mais, see p. 420. Over the Wormser Joch to 
 Bormio, see p. 418; through the Scarlthal to Schuls, see p. 410. 
 
 From Zeexetz to Livigxo, 8 hrs. Road to the (9 M.) bridge over the 
 Ova del Fuorn (iV2 M. before the Ofenberg Inn, see above); then a bridle- 
 path (41/2-5 hrs. ; finger-post on the left bank by the bridge), crossing the 
 hill and ascending the Spol Valley alternately on the right and on the left 
 bank of the torrent. At the bridge over the Acqua del Gallo is the Italian 
 frontier (the boundary district is exempt from custom duties); comp. the 
 Map, p. 404. — Livigno (5940') is a scattered village in the wide green 
 valley of the Spol, with several churches; near the church of S. Antonio 
 is the plain, but well managed Ptnsion Alpina (R. 2 fr.). To the S., the 
 valley is closed by the Vedretta del Vago. — From Livigno to the Bernina 
 road by the Forcola (5 hrs. ; narrow road, mountain vehicle with one horse 
 15-20 fr.) or the Passo Fieno see pp. 404, 402; to Ponte by the Lavirum Pass 
 see p. 405; to Scanfs bv the Casanna Pass see p. 405; to Zernez bv the 
 Passo del Diavel (9235'), to the W. of the Piz delV Acqua (10,260"), a fatiguing 
 glacier pass, litttle frequented (9-10 hrs. ; guide 20 fr.). — From Livigno 
 to Bormio (7 hrs.) see p. 417; the path begins at the church of S. Antonio. 
 
 From Zernetz to Bokmio via Buffalora, see p. 417. A shorter route 
 (9V2-10 hrs. to Bormio, guide necessary) diverges to the right from the 
 Munsterthal road beyond the bridge over the Fuorn, and leads by the La 
 Schera Alp and S. Giacoi/io di Fraele to the Scale di Fraele and Bormio. 
 
 Below Zernetz the road recrosses the Inn (behind rises the Piz 
 Quatervals, 10,355'), and enters a narrow, pine-clad gorge, extend- 
 ing as far as (31/2 M.) — 
 
 2O1/2M. Sus, Rom. Susch (4689'; *Schweizerhof, dining station 
 of the diligences ; Post; Hot. FLuela, plain ; brewery by the bridge), 
 surmounted by the ruins of a castle (Fcrtezza), perhaps of Roman 
 origin. To the E. rise Piz Mezdi and Piz d'Arpiglia. (FLilela Road to 
 Davos, see p. 353). Then over the Suyliains brook to (2 M.) —
 
 to Nauders. ARDETZ. VI. Route 103. 407 
 
 221/2 M. Lavin(4690'; *Piz Linard, K., L., & A. 21/2 fr.; Stein- 
 hock')^ at the mouth of the Val Lavinuoz. To the S.W. is the large 
 Sursura Glacier (p. 406). 
 
 Excursions. (Guides Jos, Wieser and others.) Sass Aula (2 hrs.) and 
 Murt'era (3 hrs.), both easy and interesting. — Through the Val Lavinuoz 
 to the Tiatscha Glacier, 3 hrs., also attractive. — Piz Mezdi (9593'-, guide 
 10 fr.) is ascended through the Val Zeznina in 5 hrs., the last part rather 
 steep. Splendid view of the Eugadine, the Silvretta, etc. The Va) Zeznina 
 ends, 4 hrs. from Lavin, in the mountain-basin of Macun (8645'), with 
 its small glaciers and six little lakes, environed bv Piz d'Arpiglia, Munt 
 della Baseglia, and Piz Macun. — Piz Linard (11,207'"; 6-8 hrs. ; guide 20 fr.), 
 the highest peak of the Silvretta group, aftbrding a most superb panorama, 
 is trying and fit for experts only. Bridle-path to the (3 hrs.) Alp Glims, 
 with a poor refuge-hut ; thence to the top 3-4 hrs. (the last i^/-z hr. steep and 
 toilsome). — From Lavin to Klosters over the Vernela Pass or the Ver- 
 stanklaihor, see p. 352. 
 
 The right bank of the Inn , generally steep , affords few sites 
 for villages, while on the left bank , on broad , sunny heights, lie 
 Lavin, Guarda, and Ardetz, said to be of Etruscan origin, pictur- 
 esquely commanded by towers and ruined castles. The Inn flows 
 through a deep gorge, swelled by many brooks descending from lat- 
 eral valleys. 
 
 Beyond Lavin the road leads through a rocky gateway, and near 
 (2 M.) Giarsun crosses the mouth of the Val Tuoi fp. 423). 
 
 A road to the left ascends to (IVi M.) Guarda (5413'; 'Pens. Meisser, 
 with 'dependance' Ziir Sonne; Osteria Silvretta)., prettily situated, which 
 is reached (1 hr.) more pleasantly by the old road gradually ascending from. 
 Lavin. The ascents of Piz Cotschen (9938' ; 4 hrs.," guide 10 fr.) and of ^Piz 
 Buin (10,870'; 6 hrs.; 25 fr.). a magnificent point, are recommended. — To 
 Klosters over the Silvretta Pass, see p. 352; to the 3fonfofon over the Ver- 
 munt Pass, see p. 423. — From Guarda the old road descends to Boschia 
 and Ardetz in 1 hr. Walkers bound for Schuls will find it better to follow 
 the old road by Fetan (keep up to the left, at a point V* hr. beyond Bo- 
 schia), which bends into the Val Tasna at the ruined houses of Ca'nova, and 
 shortly afterwards joins the new road from Ardetz. From Guarda to Fetan 
 2y-2 hrs. 
 
 The road skirts a stony slope high above the'lnn, enters a pleasant 
 larch-wood, and then traverses meadows and fields to (3 M.) — 
 
 271/2 M. Ardetz, Ger. Steinsberg (4826'; pop. 62S; *Post; Pens, 
 Alpina'), picturesquely situated, and commanded by the ruin of Steins- 
 berg, with its well-preserved tower. 
 
 A road (diligence every afternoon in 1 hr.) commanding fine views 
 leads from Ardetz, across the Val Tasna and up the sunny pastures on the 
 N. side of the valley, to (4V2 M.) Fetan (5405'; -Vicloria, pens, from 7 fr.), 
 largely rebuilt since a fire in 1885, and commanding a charming view 
 of the mountains on the S. side of the valley (finest from the Parodies 
 pavilion, near a grove V4 hr. to the W. of the village). — Mtiotta ^'aluns 
 and Piz Cliitias, see p. 409. — From Fetan to Schuls, 3 M., carriaL^e-road 
 (omnibus twice a day from the Hotel Victoria to the springs at Tarasp). 
 A direct footpath to Tarasp diverges to the ri^^ht from the road after the 
 last wide curve, beyond the stream. 
 
 The wild Val Tasna, with its woods and pastures, ascends between (1.) 
 Piz Cotschen (9940') and (r.) Piz Minsc/tun (10,080') for 3 hrs., and then 
 divides into (1.) the Val d'Urezzas and (r.) the Val Urschai. From the latter 
 a difficult path crosses the ice-clad Futsc/iol Pass (90S0), with fine views 
 of the huge Fluchthorn (11,140'), to the Tyrolese Jamthal and (8-9 hrs.) 
 Galtiir in the Patznaun; see Baedeker''s Eastern Alps.
 
 408 VI. Route 103. TARASP. From Samaden 
 
 Beyond Ardetz the road traverses stony slopes, and is hewn in 
 the rock at places. From a bend we obtain a most picturesque view 
 of Schloss Tarasp; to the right, on the S. bank of the Inn, rise Piz 
 Plavna, Piz Pisoc, Lischanna, and Ayutz. The road then describes a 
 wide curve, enters the deep Val Tasna (p. 407), and crosses it by 
 a stone bridge. The road leads high above the deep wooded gorge 
 of the Inn. To the right a fine view of the sombre, pine -clad 
 Val Plavna, with the Piz Plavna Dadaint (p. 410) in the background. 
 In the foreground, on the right bank of the Inn, is Schloss Tarasp. 
 The road then descends to the Inn, passes at the back of the Kur- 
 haus and reaches the post-station of — 
 
 311/2 M. Bad Tarasp (3890'; *Kurhaus, comfortably fitted up 
 and well managed, R., L., & A. 37-2? board fromS, visitors' tax 17 fr., 
 baths 11/2-^72 fr.), situated in a small expansion of the deep and 
 sombre valley of the Inn, with celebrated mineral springs resembling 
 those of Karlsbad. The Lucius and Ementa springs, both contain- 
 ing salt and carbonate of soda, are those chiefly used for drinking. 
 The baths are supplied with chalybeate water from the Carolaquelle. 
 Physician, Dr. Pernisch. A covered wooden bridge leads from the 
 Kurhaus to the springs on the right bank, with the Trinkhalle (con- 
 certs in the morning at the Trinkhalle, afternoon and evening in the 
 garden of the Kurhaus). A good road ascends thence in zigzags to 
 the (72 M.) health-resort of Vulpera (4143'), prettily situated on 
 sunny pastures near the wood, and also frequented by patients (* Wald- 
 haus, farthest to the E., with dependances, pens. incl.R. from 8fr.; 
 Bellevue, a dependance of the Tarasp Kurhaus, pens. 772-1072 f^- 5 
 Tell & Alpenrose, well spoken of, 772-872 f^.). 
 
 Beyond the Kurhaus the road re-ascends, past the English Church 
 (on the left), to — 
 
 34 M. Schuls. — '^HoT. Belvedeee , with the dependance Alt-Bel- 
 vedere and a fine garden in Unter-Schuls, pens. 8-13 fr. ; *Post, R., L., <fe 
 A. 4, D. 4, S. 2V2 fr.-, Quellexhof; *H6t. Kosz ^Zum Piz Chiampatsch\ R. 2, 
 D. 2 fr. 80, S. 2V2, board 5 fr. ; Keoxe, plain ; all these at Ober-Schuls ; at 
 Unter-Schuls, Helvetia, moderate; Hotel Central. — Omnibuses of the 
 innkeepers from Schuls to Tarasp between 6 and 8 a.m. every 10 min., 
 between 8 and 12 every hour; fare 20 c, there and back 30 c. 
 
 Schuls (3980'; pop. 946), Rom. Scuol, the capital of the Lower 
 Engadine, picturesquely situated opposite a noble range of moun- 
 tains extending from Piz Lat to Piz Plavna, consists of Upper and 
 Lower Schuls, between which the high-road runs. On this road is 
 the Badehalle Schuls, with chalybeate and ordinary baths. In the 
 vicinity are several chalybeate springs. The most important are the 
 Vihquelle, with an interesting hill of iron-ore, 10 min. to the N. of 
 the Hotel Konz, and the carbonic Sotsass-Quelle, a little to the E. 
 of Schuls, on the road to Sent (p. 409). Many visitors of the Baths 
 of Tarasp live at Schuls. — The direct path from Schuls to (y.i'hT.') 
 Vulpera and Tarasp diverges to the left from the road at the W. 
 end of Schuls, crosses the Inn above the junction of the Clemgia
 
 to Nauders. SCHULS. VI. Route 103. 409 
 
 and then divides, the right branch skirting the Inn by theKur-Pro- 
 menade to (}/2hT.') Tarasp, the left branch ascending through wood to 
 (1/2 hr.) Vulpera. 
 
 Environs. Th£ handsome Castle of Tarasp (4935'), 1 tr. from Vul- 
 pera, now dilapidated, was the residence of the Austrian governors down 
 to 1803. A good road leads round its N. base to the hamlets of Flurins 
 (Restaurant), and (1 hr.) Fontana (4690'; rfmts. at the former Hotel Tarasp, 
 now a nunnery; Inn, with balcony, behind the monastery) at the S.W. 
 base, with a" Capuchin monastery and a small lake. Pleasant walk 
 thence to the (IV2 hr.) "Alp Laisch (5995'; milk), at the entrance to the 
 picturesque Val Plavna. — Beautiful view from the ~ Kreuzberg (4860'), especi- 
 ally by evening light (from Fontana past the castle of Tarasp and via 
 Spersils, 1/4 lir. ; from Vulpera direct, i hr.). — Pretty walk from Vulpera 
 to the sequestered farm of (35 min.) Avfona (4790'), situated above the deep 
 Clemgia gorge and at the base of the Piz Pisoc, and to the small dark-green 
 Schwarze See (5050'), 20 min. higher, where we obtain a fine view of Piz 
 Linard. 
 
 Road from Schuls to (41/2 M.) Fetan, see p. 407 ; a footpath leads past 
 the Vihquelle, and along the edge of the wood in IVi hr. — On the hill 
 to the N.E. lies (2V-' M.) Sent (4700'; Rhatia; diligence from Schuls twice 
 daily in summer, 1 fr.), a large village with hamlsome houses. On a rock 
 to the right, before we reach the village, are the picturesque ruins of the 
 Romanesque church of St. Peter ^ commanding a fine view. A carriage-road 
 descends hence to (41/2 M.) Crusch (p. 410). — Beautiful walk from Sent 
 (21/2 hrs. there and back) to the wild Val Sinestra (p. 410), which may be 
 ascended to a point opposite Manas; splendid forest, far below between 
 limestone rocks the brawling torrent. 
 
 To the Val d'Uina, a picturesque footpath follows the right bank of the 
 Inn, passing Pradella to (41/2 M.) Sur En (3650'; Bar, with sign painted by 
 Paul Meyerheim), situated at the mouth of the valley, opposite Crusch 
 (p. 403). Driving is also practicable to this point, via Crusch. A tolerable 
 path ascends hence through the richly-wooded valley, passing several water- 
 falls and through a romantic rocky gorge to the chalets of (U/zhr.) .d«A\<er- 
 Uina (49!;0) and (1 hr.) Inner- Vina. An attractive pass (guide unnecessary 
 for the expert) leads hence over (IV2 hr.) Sursass (7735') and through the 
 pleasant Val Schlinga to (3 hrs.) Mais, see p. 420. 
 
 Ascents (guides, Joh. Ranch., Jak. Bischo,f, Jak. and Ed. Truog, Jak. Widal^ 
 and Brunei t). To the N. of Schuls rises the grassy Muotta Naluns (7015': 
 guide, not indispensable, 6-8 fr.), ascended in 3 hrs. (or from Fetan in I1/2 hr.). 
 View limited ; better from the *Piz Cliinas (9175-* ; from the Muotta iN'aluns 
 in 2 hrs., from Fetan by the Alp Laret in 3V2-4 hrs.; guide 10 fr.). — More ex- 
 tensive panorama from Piz Champatsch (9596' ; 5 hrs. from Schuls ; guide 
 12 fr.), by the Alp Champatsch., and thence round the summit, ascending finally 
 on the E. side. The direct ascent from the S. is steep, stony, and tiring. 
 
 ='Piz Lischanna (10,200' ; 5-6 hrs.; guide 15 fr.) is perhaps the finest point 
 of view near Schuls. From the Scarl road (see p. 410), at the second bend, 
 we diverge to the left by a steep forest-path to St. Jon (4910'), with the 
 ruins of a house. Here we turn to the left and skirt the base of the Piz 
 St. Jon, then ascend through pastures and wood in the Val Lischanna., to 
 (3 hrs.) the Schafalp (6760'; no accommodation). The path then ascends 
 a stony slope in long zigzags, passing the Lischanna Glacier on the right, 
 above us, and skirting steep rocks at places, to the (3 hrs.) iron vane on 
 the top. The view is superb: immediately in the foreground rise the bare 
 and riven peaks of the Piz St. Jon, Ayutz, and Pisoc ; far below lies the 
 green Engadine from Lavin to Martinsbruck •, to the S. are the Ortler, the 
 Valtellina Alps, and the Bernina; in the distance, to the W., the Bernese 
 Alps, the Todi, and nearer us Piz Linard and Piz Buin ; to the N. the Augsten- 
 berg, Fluchthorn, and the distant Wettersteingebirge with the Zugspitze; 
 to the E. the Oetzthal Jits, with the Wildspitze and Weisskugel, and farther 
 distant the fantastic Dolomites. — Adepts (with guide, "25-30 fr.) descend the 
 Li.tchanna Glacier to the FaJ Seesvenna and Scai'l (13 hrs. from Schuls; see 
 below).
 
 410 VI. Route 103. REMUS. 
 
 *Piz Pisoc flO,427'; 7 hrs. ; guide 25 fr.), Piz Plavna Dadaint (10,413'; 
 8 hrs. ; 30 fr.), and Piz Seesvenna (10,565'; 8 hrs.-, 25 fr.; night spent at Scarl), 
 all difficult, for experts only. Piz St. Jon (9980'; 8 hrs.; 15 fr.), Piz Cot- 
 schen (p. 407), Piz Minschun (10,080'; from Fetan 5 hrs.; 10 fr.), and Piz 
 Foraz (10,150'; 7 hrs. ; 15 fr.) are less difficult. 
 
 From Schuls to St. Maria in the Muxsterthal, through the Scarl-Thal 
 C Val da Scarl), 8 hrs., interesting (guide 25 fr., unnecessary). We ascend the 
 road to the S. from the Inn bridge, soon enter a larch-wood, and reach the 
 plateau on which St. Jon (see above) lies farther to the left. Opposite, high 
 up on the left side of the deep gorge of the Clemgia, lies the farm of Avrona 
 (p. 409). The road, bad at places, gradually descends through wood into 
 the valley, enclosed by the huge furrowed slopes of Piz Pisoc on the right 
 and Piz St. Jon and Piz Madlain on the left , and frequently crosses the 
 Clemgia, the inundations of which are often very destructive. After 2 hrs. 
 the sequestered Val Minger diverges to the right, with Piz Foraz (see above) 
 in the background. To the left is the Val del Poch. Passing a deserted 
 foundry, we next reach (1 hr.) Sca.rl (5948'; Adler, high charges; Edeluceiis) 
 a hamlet at the mouth of the Val Seesvenna, whence Piz Cornet (^J95r). Piz Cri- 
 5<anne5 (10,237'), and Pi2 ^Seesyereraa (see above) may he ascended. To the left, 
 1/2 hr. above Scarl, a bridle-path leads over the Gruschetta Pass {Scarljochl, 
 7600'), and through the pretty Val Avigna, in 3 hrs. to Taufers (p. 420). The 
 road ends here. The bridle-path crosses the valley, which expands here 
 (beautiful stone-pines): it passes the chalets of As'tras Badora {i.e. outer), 
 and Dadaint {i.e. inner), and, bearing to the left, leads between (r.) Piz 
 d'Astras (9803') and ([.) Piz Murtera (9836') to the Costainas Pass (7385'), 
 2 hrs. from Scarl. It then descends to the extensive dairy of Champatsch 
 (7034'), in the parish of Valcava, rounds the rock of La Durezza, and leads 
 through wood (avoid steep path to Cierfs, descending to the right) to Lii 
 (6293'), a sunny and sheltered hamlet; then by a narrow road to Liissai, 
 and across the Ramhach to Furoin, a solitary house on the road halfway be- 
 tween Fuldera and Valcava. Thence to St. Maria (2 hrs. from the Co- 
 stainas Pass), see p. 406. 
 
 The Ofexberg Ixx (p. 403) may be reached from Schuls by the Val 
 da Scarl, the Costainas Pass, and Cierfs (thence by road) in about 10 hrs. 
 (see above). A shorter route ascends the wild Val Plavna from Fontana 
 (p. 409), and crosses the Fuorcletta (8785') to the Val del Botsch, which 
 opens about 1 M. before the O/enberg Inn (Osteria del Fnorn) on the road 
 described at p. 406 (about 81/2 hrs. ; guide desirable). From the Ofenberg 
 to Livigno (5-5V2 hrs. ; guide unnecessary) see p. 40i5. 
 
 Below Schiils -we pass Pradella, on the right "bank of the Inn. 
 The road follows the left bank. On the hill to the left is the prettily 
 situated village of Sent (p. 409). Opposite (S'/o M.) Crusch [Kreuz) 
 is Sur En, at the mouth of the Val d/Uina (p. -409). Before reaching 
 (2 M.) Kemus, Rom. Ramuosch (4022'}, which, with the ruined 
 castle of Tschanuff, lies above us on the left, the road crosses the 
 deep ravine of the Val Sinestra (p. 409), or Wraunka-Tobel. 
 
 'Piz Arina (9452), from Eemiis 4 hrs., with guide, somewhat labor- 
 ious ; the view of the Oetzthal and Arlberg Alps is scarcely inferior to 
 that from Piz Lischanna. — An easy and attractive route leads through 
 the Val Sinestra. with chalybeate springs containing arsenic, and over the 
 Fimber Pass (6694') to Ischgl in the Patznaun (SV2 hrs.; guide 20 fr.). The 
 bridle-path ascends on the left bank of the Sinestra by Manas, past the 
 mouth of the Val Laver on the left and the farm of Suort , to the (2 hrs.) 
 chalets of Griosch (5!14S') , at the foot of the huge Slammerspitze (10,688' ; 
 highest peak first ascended in 1884 by Prof. Schulz of Leip/cig). On the 
 right opens the Val Tiatscha, with the 'Muttler (10,827') in the background. 
 Then through the Val Choglias to the alp of that name, and to the left 
 to the (21/2 hrs.) pass, where we have a striking survey of the Fluchthorn. 
 Descent through the Fimberthal to (4 hrs.) Ischgl in the Patznaun; see 
 Baedeker's Eastern Alps.
 
 MARTINSBRUCK. VI. Route 103. 411 
 
 The valley contracts; to the left is the ruin of Serviezel. In the 
 narrow Val d^Assa on the right (fine waterfall at the entrance) is the 
 (2 hrs.) intermittent Fontana Chistaina^ which flows once in 3 hrs, 
 only. Near it is an interesting stalactite cavern. A fine view of the 
 loftily situated Schleins is soon revealed ; above it to the left rise 
 the Muttler and the iniented Stammer spitze (see p. 410); to the 
 right Piz Lat (9190'). 
 
 The next village (41/4 M.) is 'Sirada. Near (1 1/4 M.)Martinsbruck 
 (3343'; *H6t. Denoth zur Post') the scenery becomes grander. The 
 Inn Bridge is the boundary between Switzerland and the Tyrol 
 (Austrian custom-house). On the left are the ruins of another castle 
 named Serviezel. (Path on the left bank of the Inn via the Noveller- 
 hof in 11/2 ^^- to (^id Finstermilnz, see p. 420, and on to Pfunds; 
 guide advisable for novices.) The new road to Nauders , on the 
 Tyrolese side , winds up the wooded hill which separates the Inn 
 Valley from that of the Stille Bach. (The old road, preferable and 
 shorter, ascends to the right by the custom-house, past the small 
 houses.) At the top of the hill we enjoy an admirable retrospective 
 view of the Lower Engadine; to the N. rises Piz Mondin (10,375'). 
 Lastly a slight descent to (5'/-> M.) — 
 
 50 M. Nauders (4468'), se^e p. 420. 
 
 104. From Samaden - Pontresina over the Bernina to 
 Tirano and through the Valtellina to Colico. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 386, 39i. 
 
 76 M. Diligence in summer from Samaden to (23V2 M.) Poschiavo twice 
 daily in 51/3 hrs. (9 fr. 80, coupe 11 fr. 80 c.) ; thence to (11 M.) Tirano in 
 13/4 hr. (6 fr. 20, coupe 4 fr. 15 c); from Tirano to (16 M.) Sondrio in 23/4 
 hrs. Railway from Sondrio to (25'/2 M.) Colico in 1 hr. 35 min. (4 fr.65, 
 '6 fr. 25, 2 fr. 10 c). — Extra-Post and pair from Samaden to Poschiavo 
 60 fr.; Carkiage with one horse from Pontresina to Poschiavo 35, with two 
 horses 70. to Tirano 50 and 90 fr.; one-bor.^e carriage from Poschiavo to 
 Tirano, 12, with two horses 22 frs., to Sondrio 30 and 45, to Bormio 40 
 and 65, to Pontresina 30 and 50, to St. Moritz 40 and 60 fr. This route 
 will even repay walkers. 
 
 The Bernina Pass, the only carriage-road over the Bernina chain 
 (p. 396), is the chief route between the Engadine and the Valtellina, and 
 is frequented even in winter. — The journey through the Valtkllina has 
 been much facilitated by the new railway from Sondrio to Colico, which 
 also affords an excellent route to the North Italian lakes from the Enga- 
 dine, not, however, to be preferred to the Bregaglia (p. 41i). 
 
 From Samaden to (3^/4 M.) Pontresina, see p. 395 ; from Pontre- 
 sina over the Bernina Pass to (16 Y2 ^1-) -^^ Rosa see p. 404. — 
 The road soon passes to the E. slope, where we obtain a passing 
 view of the upper part of the narrow Poschiavino Valley, down to 
 Poschiavo. Below (I/2 hr.) Sfazzu (where a direct, but bad and 
 stony foot-path from La Rosa debouches; bridle-path to the Val 
 Viola Pass see p. 404), we cross the brook descending from the Val 
 di Campo, pass Pisciadella (4910') on the right, below which another 
 path to the Val Viola diverges to the left , and descend in a wide
 
 412 VI. Route 104. POSCHIAVO. From Samaden 
 
 curve on the E. side of the valley. The road reaches the bottom of 
 the valley at (41/2 ^0 '^- Carlo (3590'), where it passes through a 
 gateway. On the hill to the right appears a glacier descending from 
 the Pizzo di Verona (11,360'). 
 
 24 M. Poschiavo, Ger. Puschlav (3315'; pop. 2953; * Hot. 
 Albricci, in the principal piazza, R., L., & A. 31/2 fr.; Croce Bianca')^ 
 a busy little town, with several factories and handsome houses. The 
 language is Italian, and one-third of the inhabitants are Protestant. 
 The Roman Catholic Church dates from 1494, but the tower is much 
 older ; good wood-carving in the interior. The charnel-house behind 
 the church contains numerous skulls and bones. The town-hall 
 bears the arms of the town. The Protestant Church is modern. 
 
 *Sassalbo (9375'; 5-6 hrs.; with guide), tiring, but very attractive. From 
 Poschiavo we ascend to the E. to the (3 hrs.) Alp Sassiglione (6310'; 
 spend night), and mount by the Forcola di Sassiglione (8330') on the S. 
 side to the (2^/2 hrs.) summit. Grand panorama : W. the Bernina, E. the 
 Ortler, S.E. the Adamello. — To the Val Malenco over the Canciano or 
 the Confinale Pass, see p. 402. 
 
 Omnibus from Poschiavo to (3 M.) Le Prese 4 times daily (6 and 
 10 a. m., 2 and 6.30 p. m.) in 1 1/2 li^- (1 fr. ; carr. with one horse 4, 
 two horses 7 fr.). The road crosses the Poschiavino , traverses a 
 pleasant level valley, and passes S. Antonio. 
 
 27 M. Le Prese (3155'; "^Kurhaus, R., L., & A. 51/2, D. 41/2, 
 pens. 9-12 fr.J, a watering-place at the N.W. end of the Lago di Po- 
 schiavo^ a basin of the Poschiavino, well stocked with trout, is suit- 
 able for some stay. The alkaline and sulphureous spring (48° Fahr.; 
 baths heated by steam, 2 fr.) rises 100 paces from the bath-house. 
 
 The road skirts the W. bank of the lake, passing old fortifications, 
 destroyed in 1814. At the S. end is the (2 M.) village of Meschlno, 
 with a beautiful view of the lake with the snow-mountains in the 
 background. We now descend a narrow, rocky gorge, accompanied 
 by a series of waterfalls all the way to Madonna di Tirano (see 
 below), and reach (3OV2M.) Brusio, Ger. Briis (2477' ; Post, poor), 
 the last large Swiss village (pop. 1160; 1/3 Pro*-) ? ^i*^ ^ Roman 
 Catholic and a Protestant church , the latter built at the beginning 
 of the 17th century. 
 
 The road descends through walnut and chestnut - plantations 
 (pretty fall of the Sajento on the right) to Campascio and — 
 
 311/2 M. Campo Cologne (1835'; Albergo Rezia, near the post- 
 office, R., L., & A. 3, B. 1, D. 3, pens. 5 fr.), where vineyards begin. 
 The Italian custom-house is near the old fort Piatta Mala. 
 
 34 M. Madonna di Tirano (1500'; * Albergo S. Michele, R. 3, B. 
 1 fr.) is a small village built around an imposing pilgrimage-church 
 of the 16th century. We here reach the Valtellina, Ger. Veltlin, the 
 broad valley of the Adda , which belonged to the Grisons down to 
 1797. The floor of the valley is frequently devastated by inundations. 
 The fertile slopes yield excellent red wine (p. 347). The road unites 
 here with the Stelvio route (p. 417), on which lies —
 
 to Coliro. TIRANO. . VI. liouielOd. 413 
 
 35 M. Tirano (1475' ; pop. 6000 ; *Albergo d' Italia , with the 
 post-office, R,, L., & A. 3, D. 4 fr. ; Posta or Angela ; Hot.Stelvio, 
 by the lower bridge), a small town with old mansions of the Visconti, 
 Pallavicini, and Salis families. In the background, to the E., rises 
 Monte Mortirolo. 
 
 The road to Colico leads back to Madonna di Tirano, and crosses 
 the Poschiavino. At Tresenda [1235'), 6M. below Madonna di Ti- 
 rano, a bridge crosses the Adda to the road which leads by the Passo 
 d'Aprica (4040') to Edolo and Brescia (see Baedeker's Northern 
 Italy; a footpath to the Passo d'Aprica, I/2 ^^- shorter, leads to the 
 left from Madonna, via the hamlet of Staziond). The old watch- 
 tower of Teglio on the hill to the right gives its name to the 
 valley (Val Teglino). 
 
 17 M. Sondrio (1140' ; pop. 6900; *Posta, R., L., & A. 41/9, 
 D. 4 fr. ; Maddalena; Restaurant Briolini Marino^ in the Piazza 
 Vittorio Eman., with beds, well spoken of), the capital of the Valtel- 
 lina, grows excellent wine (Sassella, Grumello, Inferno, Montagna), 
 much injured by the phylloxera in recent years. The wild Malero, 
 descending from the Yal Malenco (see below), which has frequently 
 endangered the town, now flows through a broad artificial channel. 
 A long building on the outskirts of the town , once a nunnery, is 
 now private property. The old castle is used as a barrack. 
 
 The *Corno Stella (8665'; very attractive and not difficult) may be 
 ascended in 7-8 hrs. from Sondrio via the Val del Livrio. 
 
 In the ■'Val Malenco a road on the right bank of the Malero leads by 
 Torre to (10 M.) Chiesa (3297'; ''Hot. Olivo), the principal village in the 
 valley, finely situated. (Guides, Mich, and Silvio Schenatti, G. Olivo.) 
 Interesting asbestos -mines in the neighbourhood. Pleasant walks from 
 Chiesa: to the Palii Lake (6320'), beautifully situated; by Lanzada to the 
 waterfall at the head of the Val Lanterna ; "to the Pirlo Lakes (GSOCK), etc. 
 — From Chiesa over the Muretto Pass (8390') to the Maloja (8 hrs.), see 
 p. 388 ; over the Tremoggia or the Scerscen Pass to Sils (9-10 hrs.), see p. 390 ; 
 over the Sella Pass, thti-Bellavista Saddle, or the Cambrena Pass to Pontre- 
 sina (16-17 hrs.), see p. -102; over the Canciano or Confinale Pass to Poschiavo 
 (8-9 hrs.), see p. 402. The Fellaria Chalets (p. 402) may be reached from 
 Chiesa in 4^/2 hrs., through the Val Lanterna (guide advisable, as there 
 is no path; from Fellaria to the Capanna Marinelli 3 hrs). — Monte della 
 Disgrazia (12,050'), 11-12 hrs. from Chiesa, nofdilTicult for adepts. We spend 
 the night in the (7-8 hrs. from Chiesa) Capanna della Disgrazia of the 
 I. A. C. on the Cornarossa Pass (9180'), between the Val Malenco and the 
 Val di Sasso Bissolo; and thence ascend to the (4 hrs.) summit (small hut), 
 which commands a splendid view. A shorter ascent leads from the Val 
 Masino (p. 414). From Cataeggio (U/.. hr. from the Bagni del Masino) we 
 proceed through the Val di Sasso Bissolo via the Preda 2iossa Alp to the 
 (472 hrs.) Capanna Cecilia of the I. A. C. (82800, 5 hr.'!. below the summit 
 (guide 30 fr.). The descent through the Val di Mello to the Bagni (about 
 7 hrs.) is not difficult and highly picturesque. 
 
 The Railway Station lies about 1/2 ^1- to the S. of the town 
 (omnibus 50 c). As the train leaves it we have a glimpse into the 
 Val Malenco and cross the Malero. To the right, on a rocky height 
 and supported by galleries , rises the church of Sassella. 31/2 M. 
 Castione; the village lies on the slope to the right. 7 M. 5. Pietro- 
 Berhenno; 11 M. Ardenno- Masino, at the mouth of the Val Masino.
 
 414 VJ. Route 104. MORBEGNO. 
 
 Val Masino. The road (carr. from the Kurhaus at the station, 7 fr. 
 each pers. , return 5 fr.) leads via Masino, Pioda , and Cataeggio , at the 
 mouth of the Vol di Sasso Bissolo (see above), to (7 M.) S. Martina (3724'), 
 where the valley divides : to the right the Valle di Mello (route over the 
 Passo di Zocca or the Forno Pass to the Val Bregaglia, see pp. 415, 388), 
 to the left the Valle dei Bagni. In the latter lie the (li, 4 M.) Bagni del Ma- 
 sino, with a good -Kurhaus (4330'). This valley, called Val Porcellizza above 
 this point, turns to the N, ; at its head towers the fine Badile group. 
 The E. peak {Piz Cengalo, 11,060') is fatiguing, but without danger for 
 mountaineers with good guides ; the night is spent in the (4 hrs.) Capanna 
 Badile, whence the top is reached in 3 hrs. The central Piz Badile (10,850') 
 is very difficult (guide 25 fr.). Easier and at the same time attractive ascents 
 are those of the Piz Porcellizzo (10,090': b^/2 hrs. via the Baita di Porcellizzo), 
 Monte Spluga (9335'; 7 hrs., via the Alp and the Bocchetta di Merdarola), 
 Cavalcorto (GOTO*; 4 hrs., via Alp Scione), etc. — Monte della JDisgrazia, see 
 above. — Over the Bondo Pass (10,200') to the Val Bondasca (trying, for 
 experts only), see p. 416. — Guides, Ant. Baroni, Giul. and Giov. FiorcUi, 
 and Fed. Cotta, of S. Martino. 
 
 The train crosses the Adda , the right hank of which is here 
 precipitous; the high-road runs high above. To the right, in the 
 Val Masino, appears the Mte. della Disgrazia (p. 413). 14 M. Ta- 
 lamona. 16M. Morbegno (853'; Ancord), noted for its silk-culture, 
 is situated at the mouth of the Val del Bitto, through which a bridle- 
 path leads over the Passo di S. Marco (5996') to Piazza S. Martino 
 in the Val Brembana and to Bergamo (see Baedeker's North. Italy'), 
 18 M. Cosio-Traona. Beyond (21 M.) Delebio., on the Lesina (p. 449), 
 which descends from Mte. Legnone, the railway unites with the line 
 from Chiavenna to Colico (p. 377). On a crag to the right is the 
 ruin of Fuentes. 
 
 251/2 M. Colico, see p. 449. 
 
 105. From the Maloja to Chiavenna. Val Bregaglia. 
 
 Coinp. Map^ p. 87A. 
 191/2 M. DiLTOEXCE from Samaden to (35 M.) Chiavenna over the Maloja, 
 twice daily in 7 hrs. (from St. Moritz 51/2, Silvablana 5, Maloja Kursaal 
 4 hrs.) ; fares 13 fr. 65 c, coupe or banquette IB fr. 40 c. — Caekiage 
 with one horse from St. Mcritz 45, with two horses 75-90 fr. — Extba- 
 PosT with two horses from Samaden 69 fr. 20 c. — Eailway from Chia- 
 venna to Colico, see p. 377. 
 
 Maloja (5960'), see p. 387. The road, which was constructed 
 in 1835-39, descends the precipitous slope of Maloja (about 820' 
 in height) in 12 curves, which may be avoided by walkers (from the 
 sixth bend a footpath leads to the left to the Orlegna Waterfall, see 
 p. 388). The pines and other coniferous trees immediately below 
 the summit of the pass are very luxuriant. "We then pass, on the 
 right bank of the Orlegna., the ruins of the church of S. Gaudenzio 
 (on the right), where we have our last retrospect of the chateau of 
 Count Renesse on the Maloja. 
 
 3 M. Casaccia, Rom. Casdtsch (4790'; ^JBot.-Pens. Stampa), 
 the highest village in the Val Bregaglia, is commanded by the ruin 
 of Turratsch. Bridle-path to Stalla over the Septimer, p. 385. 
 
 The *Val Bregaglia (^perhaps ^Prcegallia', 'in front of Cisalpine
 
 STAMPA. VI. Route 105. 415 
 
 Gaul), Ger. Bergeller Thai, is watered by the Mera or Maira and for 
 the first two-thirds of its extent belongs to Switzerland. The in- 
 habitants speak Italian, though some of the communities are ex- 
 clusively Protestant. Nowhere else is the transition from the scanty 
 vegetation of the higher Alps to the luxuriant flora of Italy so 
 abrupt as in this valley. — The road intersects the open valley to 
 the S. and 3/4 M. below Casaccia crosses the Orlegna before its junc- 
 tion with the Maira. P.eyond the hamlet of [1/2 M.) Lobhia (4720'), 
 we see to the left the Cascata deW Albigna (see below) and other 
 fine waterfalls descending from the mountains. The road now 
 descends in windings (cut off by the old road, being the paved Ro- 
 man road, following the telegraph-line) to Asarina (4435'). Then 
 past the mouth of the Val Albigna and the Grotta di Albigna (a 
 beer-cellar) we reach — 
 
 71/.2 M. Vicosoprano, Rom. Vespran (35G5'; pop. 339; Pension- 
 Restaurant Prevosti; Cafe-Restaurant Maurizio'), the capital of the 
 Val Bregaglia, with a handsome church, at the influx of the Albigna 
 into the Mera. Curious rock-formations in the vicinity. 
 
 The Val Albigna deserves a visit. About ^/t M. above Vicosoprano we 
 diverge to the right from the road, and ascend through wood to the (3 hrs.) 
 Cascata delV Albigna, a fine fall of the Albigna in a wild ravine, near the 
 foot of the Albigna Glacier. The adjoining chalet (6T73') is not always 
 occupied. From this point over the Cacciabella Pass to Bondo, and over the 
 Casnile Pass to the Maloja, see p. 383. — A trying route, to the S., crosses 
 the Albigna Glacier and the Forcella di S. Martina (Passo di Zocca, 9000'), 
 between the Cima di Castello (11, IPO' : ascended from the pass without 
 diflicultv in 2 hrs.) and the Mie. di Zocca (1U,390), to the Val di Mello and 
 S. Martino (p. 414). 
 
 The Pizzo della Duana (10,280'; G-7 hrs. ; guide, the forester Giov. 
 Siampa at Stampa, etc.), a magnificent point of view, is not difficult for 
 adepts. The route leads from Vicosoprano to the N.. by the Alp Zocchetta 
 and Pianld, to the small Lago di Val Campo, and ascends the arete from 
 the E. side to the top. We may descend by the Alp Pianaccio to Soglio. 
 
 The next villages are Borgonuovo , Rom. Bornov (3470') and 
 Stampa (*Albergo Piz Duan, moderate). Picturesquely situated on 
 the hill to the right lies Coltura , with the modern red chateau of 
 Baron Castelmur and the white church of S. Pietro. The tower of 
 Castelmur and the church of Promontogno are visible in front of us. 
 Walnut trees and chestnuts now begin to appear in considerable 
 numbers; but we do not find ourselves amidst the full luxuriance 
 of the S. Alpine Italian flora until after we have passed the rocky 
 gate of La Porta, at — 
 
 11 M. Promontogno (26^5'), commanded by the handsome 
 church of Our Lady and the ruined castle of Castelmur, from which 
 old walls stretch down into the valley. — In an open situation 
 below the village, to the left, is the *Hdtel Bregaglia (R., L., & A. 
 4-5, D. 41/2, lunch 31/2, pens. 9 fr.l. Behind the latter, at the 
 entrance of the Val Bondasca, of which we obtain an attractive 
 glimpse, lies the large village of Bondo, with a chateau of the Sails 
 family. For three months in the year this village never sees the 
 snn. Chestnuts and rhododendrons flourish here side by side.
 
 416 VI. Route 105. CASTASEGNA. 
 
 Pleasant excursion (guide desirable ; Andrea Picenoni of Bondo) to the 
 Val Bondasca, and over the Lomhardoi, Laretto, and Naravedro Alps to the 
 (4 hrs.) highest Alp di Sciora (6785'), grandly situated. To the E. rise the 
 Piz Cacciabella (9745') and the Pizzi di Sciora; to the S. are the Eondasca 
 Glacier and the bold Badile group (p. 414). — Over the crevassed Bondasca 
 Glacier and the Forcella di Bondo (10,200') a hazardous route leads to the 
 Val PorceUizza and Bagni del Masino (p. 414; 10 hrs. from Bondo). — Over 
 the Cacciabella Pass to the Albigna Glacier^ or over the Casnile Pass to 
 the Maloja (15 hrs. from Promontogno) see p. 3S8. 
 
 The road now crosses the Mera, here swollen by the ■wild Bon- 
 dasca, and passes the houses of Spino (2630'). A carriage-road 
 diverges to the right to Soglio (see below). Mulberries, figs, and 
 vines flourish here in luxuriant abundance. 
 
 131/2 M. Castasegna (2235'; ''^Restaur. Schumacher; Alb. Sviz- 
 zero'), a closely-built but pleasant village, is the last Swiss place. 
 
 Pleasant walk through a beautiful chestnut- wood, past the waterfall 
 of the Acqna di Stoll^ to (1 hr.) Soglio, Ger. Sils (3570' ; ''Eot.-Pens. Giova- 
 noli, in an old mansion of the Salis family). In the garden of the hotel 
 the stone-pine or Alpine cedar is seen in curious juxtaposition with the 
 chestnut. Fine view of the Bondasca Glacier. Descent by a new road to 
 Spino (see above; carr. to Vicosoprano 10 fr.). — Over the Duana Pass to 
 the Averser Thai, see p. 374. — The Piz Gallegione (10,285'). 5 hrs. from 
 Soglio, is not difficult (guide necessary). From Soglio in 31/2 hrs. to the 
 saddle {Forcella.^ 8924'). between the Gallegione and the Cima di Cavio; 
 then to the left in IV2 hr. to the top (splendid view). 
 
 Immediately below Castasegna, on the other side of the Lovere, 
 which descends from the right, is the Italian Dogana or custom-house. 
 
 15 M. Villa, called Villa di Chiavenna to distinguish it from 
 other places of the same name, is a large and picturesquely- 
 situated village, with a conspicuous pilgrimage-church. I74 M. 
 farther down we pass the village of S. Croce. 
 
 Near S. Croce (to the left), but on the opposite bank of the Mera, 
 formerly stood the prosperous little town of Plws, with 2430 inhab., which 
 was entirely destroyed by a landslip from Mte. Conto in 1618. The mass 
 of earth and rock which buried the town is 6u' thick, and is now richly 
 clothed with chestnuts. In 1861 one of the town-bells was found. — Near 
 Curtinaccio, ^/i M. from the road and 41/2 M. from Chiavenna, is the old 
 baronial Villa Roncalia, with a fine panelled hall. 
 
 A little to the right of S. Abbondio is the fine double waterfall 
 of the Acqua Fraggia. The road now leads through Campedello and 
 a suburb of Chiavenna, the name of which, Borgo Nuovo Piuro, 
 recalls the buried town of Plurs, to — 
 
 191/2 M. Chiavenna, see p. 376. The railway -station is on the 
 opposite side of the town. 
 
 106. From Tirano to Nauders over the Stelvio. 
 
 Conip. Map^ p. 404. 
 79 M. Messagerie from Tirano to Bormio daily in G hrs. (9 fr. 20 c). 
 Diligence daily (from middle of June to end of Sept.) from the Baths of 
 Bormio over the Stelvio to Eyrs in IOV2 hrs. (coupe 7 fl. 35 kr.; also open 
 carriages), leaving the Baths at 6.30 a.m., arriving at S. Maria at 10.30, 
 Franzenshohe at 1, Trafoi at 3, Prad at 4.30, and Evrs at 5.20 p.m.; 
 from Eyrs to Xauders daily in 5, to Landeck (p. 421) in IOV2 hrs. (7 11. 
 14 kr.). — Extra-Post wi'th two horses from Tirano to the Baths of 
 Bormio 50 fr. — Return-carriages to Tirano and Bormio are frequently met
 
 BORMIO VI. Route 106. 417 
 
 with at Poschiavo (p. 412). One-horse carr. from Pontresina to Bormio 80, 
 two-horse 120 fr., a night being spent at Le Prese (to Le Prese 5^4 hrs.; 
 thence to Bormio 8 hrs.). Carriage and pair from Samaden to Meran over 
 the Stelvio in S'/i davs, 2oO fr. and 25 fr. fee. Extra-post and pair from, 
 the Baths of Bormio to Trafoi in 6V2 hrs., 60 fr. 
 
 Walking. The scenery will reward walkers. From the Baths of Bormio 
 to (25V,i 31.) Prad-, so also from S. Maria over the Wormser Joch to S. 
 Maria in the Miinsterthal in 3, Miinster 3/4, Taufers V2, and Mais in 21/2 hrs. 
 
 Tirana (1475'), see p. 413. The road ascends along vine-clad 
 Mils to the Sernio (2080') region of the valley. To the N. rises the 
 precipitous Mte. Masuccio (9240'), a landslip from which in 1807 
 blocked the bed of the Adda, and converted the valley as far as Tovo 
 into a lake. At (5 M.) Mazzo the road crosses the Adda, and at the 
 large village of Grosotto (Leone d'Oro) the Roasco, which descends 
 from the Val Grosina. On the left are the conspicuous ruins of the 
 fortress of Venosta. We cross the Adda again beyond Grosio. 
 
 12 M. BoUadore (2820',- Posta or Angela; Hot. des Alpes). 
 On the hillside to the N. stands the pretty church of Sondalo. The 
 valley contracts; the vegetation becomes poorer; below us dashes 
 the grey glacier- water of the Adda. At Le Prese, about l^/o M. beyond 
 (72 M.) Mondadizza we again cross the Adda. The defile of La 
 Serra di Morignone, 3^/4 M. long, separates the Valtellina from the 
 region of Bormio ; at the entrance to it, on the right, are remains of old 
 fortifications. The Ponte del Diavolo was the scene of a sharp skir- 
 mish between the Austrians and Garibaldians on 26th June, 1859. 
 At the end of the defile is the hamlet of Morignone in a green dale 
 (Valle di Sotto); the church stands on the hill far above it. The 
 next group of houses is *S. Antonio, with brick-works. 
 
 Beyond (3^/4 M.) Ceppina opens the broad green valley (Piano) 
 of Bormio, enclosed by lofty mountains, which are partly covered with 
 snow. At S. Lucia the road crosses the Frodolfo, which unites with 
 the Adda below the bridge, and turns to the N.E. to (31/4 M.) — 
 
 251/2 M. Bormio, Ger. Worms (4020'; Posta or Leone d'Oro; 
 Torre or Cola , in the Piazza Cavour) , at the entrance to the Val 
 Furva, an old-fashioned little Italian town, with dilapidated towers. 
 
 Fbom Bormio to Livigno a bridle-path (7 hrs. ; without guide; better 
 in the reverse direction; narrow road under construction). At Premadio 
 it crosses the Adda and ascends the Val di Dentro to (11/2 hr.) Isolaccia 
 (p. 404). On the slope to the right lies the hamlet of Pedenosso , above 
 which, on the saddle of the Monte delle Scale, rise two towers which once 
 defended that pass (Scale di Fraele ; 6370'). [Over the Scale di Fraele to 
 S. Giacomo di Fraele (6390') and over the Val Mora Pass and the Giufplan 
 (7723') to the Buffalora Alp near the Ofen Pass (p. 406), and Zernetz, 12 hrs. ; 
 guide desirable, 20 fr.] Beyond Isolaccia the path ascends on the left bank 
 of the brook ; 1/2 hr., Semogo (4673'; Martinelli) ; above us. opposite, at the 
 mouth of the Val Viola, is the church of S. Carlo. (Val Viola Pass to the 
 Bernina, see p. 404.) From the (21/2 hrs.) Foscagno Pass (7556'), with two 
 little lakes, we have a retrospect of the Val Viola and the S. Ortler Mta. 
 Descent to (1 hr.) Trepalle (685C) ; then to the W., over the hill, to (IV2 hr.) 
 Livigno (p. 406). 
 
 At Bormio the windings of the Stelvio road begin. (The dili- 
 gence starts from the New Baths, 2 M. from Bormio ; carriage thither 
 from Bormio in the morning, if ordered previously.) 
 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 27
 
 418 VI. Route 106. S.MARIA. From Tirana 
 
 27^9 M. Baths of Borrnio. The *New Baths (Bagni Nuovi, 
 4370'; with post-office; R., L., & A. 31/2-4, B. I1/2, D. 4, S. 3 fr.), 
 on a terrace , with a fine view of the valley of Borrnio and the sur- 
 rounding mountains, are much frequented in July and August, and 
 remain open till the middle of October. The water (92-100°) is con- 
 veyed by pipes from the springs, 3/^ M. higher, at the Old Baths (see 
 below), which may be reached by a footpath as well as by the road. 
 
 The Stelvio road, constructed in 1820-25, ascends in a long 
 curve , with beautiful retrospects of the valley from Bormio to 
 Ceppina; to the S.W. the Corno di S. Colombano (9915'), Cima 
 di Piazzi (11,280'), and Cima Redasco (10,300'), to the S.E. 
 the Mte. Valaccetta (10,425') and the icy pyramid of Piz Tresero 
 (11,820'), at the upper end of the Val Furva,- to the W. the Val 
 Viola (p. 404). Near the Old Baths we cross an iron bridge , and 
 pass through a short tunnel (Galleria dei Bagni), beyond which the 
 Old Baths {Bagni Vecchi ; 4757') lie below the road on the left. 
 Beyond the deep gorge of the Adda rises the precipitous Mte. delle 
 Scale (p. 417). 
 
 To the left, farther on, the Adda emerges from the wild Val 
 Fraele. A copious brook, which flows from the cliffs below the mouth 
 of the ValFraele, is sometimes erroneously described as the source 
 of the Adda. A succession of galleries, partly of wood, and partly hewn 
 in the rocks , for protection against avalanches , carry the road 
 through a defile (II Diroccamento) to the /« Cantoniera di Piatta 
 Martina (5585'), a hospice for travellers, and the /i« Cantoniera al 
 piede di Spondalonga (6495') , which was destroyed by Garibal- 
 dians in 1859. On the W. side of the valley rises the abrupt Mte. 
 Braulio (9777'). The road crosses the brook issuing from the Val 
 Vitelli by the Ponte Alto, and ascends in windings (short-cuts). In 
 a gorge to the left are the *Falls of the Braulio. We next pass the 
 Casino dei Rotteri di Spondalonga (7510') and the Ilia Cantoniera 
 al Piano del Braulio (7875'; Inn, tolerable), with a chapel. 
 
 34 M. S. Maria (8150'; GohU's Inn), the /F« Cantoniera and 
 the Italian custom-house. 
 
 A bridle-path, formerly tlie only route between the Vintschgau and 
 Valtellina, diverges to the left from the Cantoniera S. Maria to the Wormser 
 Joch, or Giogo di S. Maria (8240'), and descends through the Muranza 
 Valley to (21/2-3 hrs.) the Swiss village of S. Maria in the Miinsterthal 
 (p. 420) ; thence by Tankers in 31/2 hrs. to Mais (p. 420) in the Etschthal. 
 
 'Piz ITmbrail (9950'), the E. and highest peak of the bold serrated 
 mountains which bound the Val Braulio on the K. , is a remarkably fine 
 point (I3/4 hr. ; guide, for novices , 5-6 fr.). Turning to the left by the 
 dogana , we ascend a grassy slope and then a stony zigzag path to the 
 summit. Superb view (see Panorama by Faller). Travellers from Bormio 
 may ascend this peak by diverging to the left from the road 1/4 hr. beyond 
 the Third Cantoniera (see above) and ascending to (1 hr.) a small lake, and 
 mounting rocks to the (1 hr.) top. Descent to the Fourth Cantoniera. 
 
 Beyond S. Maria, the road affords glimpses of the Miinsterthal 
 to the left. On the right rises the huge Ehen Glacier. The pass is 
 never free from snow except in warm summers; in June heaps of
 
 to Nauders. TRAFOI. VI. Route 106. 419 
 
 snow, 6-8' deep, are often seen on the road-side. On the (IV2 ^^•) 
 Stelvio Pass [Stilfser Joch, or Ferdinandshbhe, 9055') stands a road- 
 menders' house (refreshm. and beds at the Dreisprachenhutte'). A 
 column to the right marks the boundary between Italy and Tyrol. 
 About V2 M. to the N. is the frontier of Switzerland fGrisons). 
 
 A path ascends to the left in 10 min. to the ' Dreispvachenspitze (9325'), 
 a rocky height affording an admirable view, particularly of the Ortler, 
 whose snowy dome rises immediately opposite. The bare, reddish Monte 
 Pressura (Rothelspitze ; 9940'), towards the N.W., intercepts the view of 
 the Miinsterthal. 
 
 The road now descends the talc-slate slopes in long windings 
 (to Trafoi 33 in all). To the right, high above the snowy slopes, rise 
 the Geisterspitze (11,355') and Tuckettspitze fll,400'). As the road 
 affords the finest views, the short-cuts should be avoided. 
 
 401/2 M. Franzenshohe (7180'; Inn, R. 70 kr.), formerly a post- 
 station. To the S. the huge Madatsch Glacier extends far into the 
 valley. About 2 M. farther, just beyond the 18th kilometre-stone, is 
 the spot where Madeleine deTourville, an English lady, was murdered 
 by her husband, a Walloon, in 1876. The *Weisse Knott, a small 
 platform a little farther on, is an excellent point of view: before us 
 rises the sombre Madatschspitz ; to the right the Madatsch Glacier, 
 with its splendid ice-fall ; to the left the Trafoier Feruer, and above 
 it the Pleisshorn and Ortler ; in the valley far below, amidst pines, 
 is the chapel of the Three Holy Springs (see below). In the back- 
 ground to the N. rises the snowy pyramid of the "Weisskugel. 
 
 45 M. Trafoi (5080'; *Post,- Zur Schonen Aussicht), a small ham- 
 let, finely situated at the foot of the, Ortler (12,800'), the highest of 
 the Eastern Alps, which may be ascended hence in 8-9 hrs., or from 
 Sulden in the Sulden Valley in 7-8 hrs. (spending the night in the 
 Payer Hut; comp. Baedeker's Eastern Alps). One-horse carr. to 
 Prad 31/2 fl- Austrian custom house. 
 
 Pleasant walk (3/4 hr.) to the = Three Holy Springs (5263'), which rise 
 in the valley below, at the foot of the Ortler. The path (guide unneces- 
 sary) diverges from the road to the left, 3 min. above the Post, and leads 
 at the same level through meadows and wood, and over moraine. At the 
 end of the valley are figures of Christ, Mary, and St. John, under a roof, 
 from whose breasts flows the very cold 'holy water". Adjacent are a chapel 
 and an auberge for pilgrims. Opposite rises the huiie and abrupt Madatsch, 
 over the dark limestone rocks of which two brooks are precipitated. Above, 
 to the left, are the ice-masses of the Trafoier and Lower Ortler-Ferner, 
 overtopped by the Trafoier Eiswand. The scene is interesting and impressive. 
 
 We now follow the impetuous Trafoi-Bach, the inundations of 
 which are sometimes very destructive, and pass (3'/2 ^^O Gomagoi, 
 Ger. Beideirasser (4265'; Inn), with a small fort erected in 1860. 
 To the right opens the picturesque Sulden Valley, a great resort of 
 mountaineers (see Baedeker's Eastern Alps^. 
 
 The narrow valley barely affords room for the road and river. 
 The latter forms several falls. On the hill to the left lies the village 
 oiStilfs, Ital. Stelvio, which gives its name to this route. 
 
 53 m. Prad (2940'; *Neue Post; Alte Post), ox Brad , lies at 
 
 0'7 *
 
 420 VI. Route 106. MALS. 
 
 the foot of the Stelvio route. The road intersects the broad valley 
 of the Etsch, oxAdige, crosses a marsh and the river by a long viaduct, 
 and reaches (2 M.) Spondinig (2855 ' ; Hirsch) , on the high-road 
 from Botzen and Meran to Landeck, I1/2 M. to the W. of Eyrs. 
 
 Walkebs may avoid the glaring and fatiguing road from Prad by 
 Spondinig to Mais by diverging to the left at Prad, on the right bank of 
 the Adige, and following the foot of the mountains, to Agums, Lichtenberg 
 (*Inn) , charmingly situated amidst fruit-trees , with a ruined castle (eee 
 below), Glurns (3260'; Krone), a small fortified town with an old church, 
 and (2'/2 hrs.) Mais (see below). 
 
 To THE MuxsTERTHAL a narrow road leads from Glums to the W., on 
 the right bank of the Rambach^ which here falls into the Adige. After 
 272 M. it crosses the brook. (Route on the right bank by Riffair not re- 
 commended.) The (5 M.) loftily situated village of Taufers (4042"), with its 
 three churches, is commanded by three ruined castles. (Over La Cruschetta 
 to Scarl, see p. 410.) A broad road leads hence to the (V2 M.) Swiss frontier 
 and (1/2 31.) Munster , Rom. Musiair (3765'; *E6t.-Pens . Miintterhof; Piz 
 Ciavalatsch; Hirsch)., the first village in the Grisons, with a large Bene- 
 dictine church. The road descends, crosses the Rambach (passing the Aua 
 da Pisch^ a fine waterfall in a wooded gorge to the left), and ascends grad- 
 ually by Sielva to (2 M.) S. Maria (4553': Piz Umbrail; Weisses Kreuz), 
 a large village at the mouth of the Val Muranza. Over the Wormser Joch 
 to Bormio, see p. 418; over the Ofen Pass to Zernetz, see p. 406; through 
 the Val da Scarl to Schuls, see p. 410. 
 
 The road to Nauders skirts the hillside at some distance from 
 the Adige. The valley is called the Upper Vintschgau, after the 
 Venosti^ its ancient inhabitants. To the left, on the opposite bank, 
 rises the half-ruined castle of Lichtenberg . On the right is the Chur- 
 burg, a chateau of Count Trapp. We next pass Schluderns, Tartsch, 
 and, near Mais , the ancient tower oi the Frolichsburg . 
 
 61 V2 M. Mais (3430' ; Post or Adler; Bar; HirscK) is a village of 
 Roman origin. On the opposite bank of the Adige rises the large 
 Benedictine Abbey of Marien&grp'. To the left, farther on, are the 
 village of Burgeis and the castle of Fiirstenburg. This monotonous 
 part of the valley is called the Malser Heide. The road ascends and 
 soon reaches the E. bank of the Eeider-See, and beyond it — 
 
 69 M. St. Valentin auf der Heide (4695'; Post'). Magnificent 
 retrospective *View (most striking when approached from Nauders) 
 of the ice-clad Ortler range, which forms the entire background. Skirt- 
 ing the E. bank of the Mitter-See, the road leads to (31/2 M.) Graun,, 
 at the entrance of the Langtauferer Thai. To the left is the green 
 Reschen-See, the source of the Adige. Beyond (2M.)i?esc/ien(4888'; 
 Stern), at the N. end of the lake, we reach the Keschen-Sclieideck 
 (4898'), the watershed between the Black Sea and the Adriatic, 
 and then descend by the Stille Bach to (41/2 M.) — 
 
 79 M. Nauders (4468'; Post; Lowe": Mondscheiri). The old 
 castle of Naudersberg contains the district courts of justice. 
 
 From l^^auders to the Lower Engadine (diligence to Schuls daily), see 
 p. 411.
 
 421 
 107. From Nauders to Bregenz over the Arlberg. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 34:6, 52. 
 
 103 M, Diligence from Nauders to Landeck (26V2 31.) daily in 51/4 brs. 
 (also an omnibus). Railway from Landeck to Bregenz, TG'/i M., in 41/4-6 hrs.; 
 fares 3fl. 83, 211. 55, in. 23 kr. (express 5fl. 75, 3fl. 83, 111. 92 kr.). 
 
 The road through the Finstermunz Pass runs high above the 
 river, being hewn at places in the perpendicular slate-rock (three 
 tunnels, two avalanche-galleries). At the entrance to the pass is a 
 small fort, and beyond it a pretty waterfall. The finest point on the 
 route is Hoch-Finstermunz (3730'J, a group of houses with a *Hotel. 
 Far below, on the Inn, is the ancient Finstermunz (3203'), with its 
 tower. The ravine of the Inn, with the Engadine Mts. in the back- 
 ground, is very picturesque. 
 
 The road descends gradually, passing through three short tunnels, 
 and crosses the Inn near — 
 
 8 M. Pfunds (3185'), consisting of two villages, separated by 
 the Inn : on the right bank Pfunds (*Post), on the left bank Stuben 
 (*Traube ; Post), through which the road runs. To the S.W. towers 
 Piz Mondin (10,375'), a peak of the N. Engadine chain; to the 
 S.E. the Glockthurm (10,995') and other peaks of the Oetzthaler 
 Ferner. The road again crosses the Inn near (4 M.) Tosens. 
 
 171/2 M. Ried (2850'; Post; Maass), a thriving village, with the 
 castle of Siegmundsried. The road crosses to the left bank at (2 M.) 
 Prutz (Rose), at the mouth of the Kaunserthal, in which farther on 
 the Grieskogel is visible. On a precipice to the left is the ruined 
 castle of Laudegg ; near it lies the village of LadJ5 (3880'), with 
 sulphur-baths (moderate), 1 hr. from Prutz; ^/2^^- higher is Obladis 
 (4530'), a bath-house with mineral springs, well fitted up and 
 finely situated, but not accessible by carriage. 
 
 The road recrosses the Inn by the (21/2 M.) Pontlatz Bridge 
 (2770'), 6 M. from Landeck, where the Bavarian invaders of the 
 Tyrol were signally defeated by the Tyrolese 'Landsturm' in 1703 
 and 1809. To the right Flies, with Schloss Bideneck. To the left, 
 on the opposite bank, a fall of the Vrgbach, high above which is the 
 village of Eochgallmig . The Inn dashes through a narrow gorge and 
 forms several series of cataracts. 
 
 27 M. Landeck (2668'; *Post; Schwarzer Adler ; Goldner Adler), 
 a large village on both banks of the Inn , is commanded by an an- 
 cient castle, now tenanted by poor families. The Railway Station 
 (*Restaurant, R. 1 fl. 20 kr.) lies IV4 M. to the E. 
 
 The *Arlbbrg Railway crosses the Inn. Looking back, we 
 get a glimpse of the picturesque Landeck to the left, and of the 
 huge Parseierspitze (9956') to the right. The train ascends on the 
 right bank of the deep Sannathal to (30 1/2 M. from Nauders) Stat. 
 Pians (2990') , opposite the village of that name (Alte and Neue 
 Post), above which lies Grins. After crossing several viaducts we 
 reach (32 M.) Stat. Wiesberg, near the ruined castle of that name, and
 
 422 TX Route 107, BLUDENZ. From Nauders 
 
 immediately beyond it we cross t"he Trisanna, -whicli emerges from 
 the Fatznaunthal and unites -with the Rosanna to form the Sanna, 
 by means of a bold bridge, 286 yds. long and 282' high. Then a 
 tunnel, 221 yds. long. 
 
 34 M. Strengen (3215') lies at the N. base of the Petziner Spitze 
 (8353'). To the W. rises the Riffler (9880'), with its glacier. We 
 follow the right bank of the Kosanna to (36 M.) Flirsch (3680'; 
 *Post), at the foot of the Eisenfcop/" (9252'), prettily situated. The 
 valley expands. The train crosses the Rosanna three times. 40 M. 
 Pettneu. Crossing the stream twice more, we next reach (44 M.) 
 St. Anton (4205'; *Post; Adler), the highest village in the Kosanna 
 Valley or Stanzer Thai, at the E. base of the Arlberg. 
 
 Immediately beyond St. Anton the train enters the great *Arl- 
 berg Tunnel, nearly 61/3 M. long (St. Gotthard Tunnel 91/4 M.J, 
 ascends slightly to the middle of it (4300' above the sea-level ; 
 1600' below the Arlberg Pass), and then descends rapidly to the 
 Klosterthal, watered by the /IZ/mz. 50i/2^^f. ianpen. (3993'; Buffet), 
 on the right bank of the stream. At first running high up on the N. 
 side of the valley, the train descends to (54 M.) Danbfen and — 
 
 58 M. Dalaas (3055'); the village (2750' ; Post) lies far below 
 in the valley. Several more viaducts and tunnels. 59i/.^M. Hinter^ 
 gasse (2703'). At (62 M.) Bratz (2326'; *Lowe) the train reaches 
 the bottom of the valley. To the right a considerable fall of the 
 Fallback. The train then traverses the broad valley of the III to — 
 
 66V2^- Bludenz (1905' ; *Bludenzer Hof , Scesaplana, Arlber- 
 ger Hof, at the station ; in the town, *Post, *Kreuz, Krone), prettily 
 situated. To the S. is the picturesque ravine of the Brandner Thai, 
 with the ice-clad Scesaplana in the background. 
 
 Excursion to the Lunersee and Ascent of the Scesaplana , very 
 interesting. (To the lake 6-6V2 hrs., an easy route.) We descend and cross 
 the 111 to Biirs, and ascend the charming Brandner-Thal to (3 hrs.) Brand 
 (3375'5 'Beck; -Kegele). The path mounts on the right bank of the ^;t'?:er&acA 
 to the Alp Lagant^ and ascends thence in zigzags over grass, debris, and rock. 
 To the right rises the Seekopf, with its huge stony slopes ; over the rocks to 
 the left falls a fine cascade of the brook issuing from the Lunersee. We 
 next reach the depression on the X.W. side of the beautiful, dark-green 
 '■Liinersee (6310 'j; the largest lake among the Ehsetian Alps, 4 M. in cir- 
 cumference. On the W. bank is the (3-3'/2 hrs.) Douglas But (Inn), 
 
 The ascent of the 'Scesaplana (9740'_l , the highest peak of the Rhfetikon 
 chain, is toilsome, but safe (4 hrs. ; guide from Bludenz 9V2, from Brand 
 7 fl.). Leaving the Douglas Hut, we skirt the lake for a little way and 
 then ascend to the right, at first on turf, and then over loose stones and 
 the dreary rock-strewn Todte Alp. Lastly we pass through a steep 'che- 
 minee' to the arete and to the top without difficulty. The imposing prospect 
 embraces the whole of Swabia towards the N., as far as Ulm; the Vor- 
 arlberg and Algau Alps to the N.E. ; the Oetzthal , Stubai, and Zillerthal 
 Alps to the E. ; the Swiss Alps from the Silvretta and Bernina to the 
 St. Gotthard and the Bernese Mts. , and the Rhine Valley, Canton of 
 Appenzell, and Lake of Constance to the S. and W. — Descent to the 
 Schamella Club Hut and by the Alp Pains to (4 hrs.) Seetcis in the Prati- 
 gau , see p. 3.o0. From the Douglas Hut to (7 hrs.) Schruns (p. 423) an 
 attractive route leads past the grand '^Schweizer-Thor (pass to the Pratigau, 
 p. 350l to the Oefen Pass, and descends to the finely situated Sporevalp and 
 through the Gauerthal (see p. 423 ; adepts may dispense with a guide).
 
 to Bregenz. FELDKIRCH. VI. Route 107. 423 
 
 The Montafon (comp. Jfap, p. 346), to the S.E. of Bluilenz, is a beau- 
 tiful and populous valley, watered by the 111, and separated from the Prii- 
 tigau on the S. by the Rhaetikon Mts. (for a fuller description, see Baedeker's 
 EasteiTi Alps). The road (omnibus to Schruns several times daily, 8(J kr.), 
 leads by ^t. Peter to (4 M.) Si. Anion., a hamlet on a mound of debris at 
 the base of the Schwarzhorn; then, following the right bank of the 111, to 
 (372 M.) Schruns (2250'; pop. 1710; -Lowe; -Taube), the chief place in the 
 valley, charmingly situated at the base of the Bartholomdherg (4880'; a fine 
 point of view). On the opposite bank of the 111 lies Tschagtin.<i ., at the 
 entrance to the Ganerthal^ from which a path crosses the Drusenthor (7710'), 
 between the Drusenfluh (9298'j and the Siilzfluh (9265'), to (8 hrs.) Schier.f 
 (p. 350) in the Pratigau. (To the Liinersee, see p. 422.) Over the Partnun 
 or Gruhen Pass, or over the Plasseggen Pass to (7-8 hrs.) KiibUs see p. 351. 
 — The -Sulzfluh (9265'; 7 hrs.; guide 9 fl.) is a splendid point, hardly 
 inferior to the Scesaplana, and not difficult: to the Tilisuna Hut (Inn) 
 41/2 hrs., thence to the top 21/2 hrs. more. 
 
 Above Schruns the valley contracts. At (2 hrs.) Oallenkirch (2730'; Inn) 
 the Gargellen- Thai opens to the S., through which tolerable routes cross 
 the St. Antonier Joch (7665') to (8 hrs.) Kiiblis (p. 351), and the Schlappina 
 Joch (7100') to (8 hrs.) Klosters in the Pratigau (p. 351). Passing Gurtepofil, 
 we next reach (2 hrs.) Gaschnrn (Rossi), prettily situated at the mouth of 
 the Ganneraffial, and (1 hr.) Patenen (3435'; Sonne), the last village in the 
 Montafon. (Passes into the Patznaun, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps.) 
 
 From Patexen over the Vermunt Pass to Guarda in the Lower 
 Engadine (10 hrs.; with guide), trying, but attractive. We ascend the 
 Gross-Vermuntthal to the right, passing the grand Stiiher-Fall or Hollen- 
 Fall to the (3V2 hrs.) Madlenerhaus (about 6560'; Inn), on the Gro.<is-Ver- 
 ■inunt-Alp, on the W. f^ide of the Bieler Hbhe. We next ascend to the S. to 
 the source of the 111 (7140') at the foot of the great Vermunt Glacier, and 
 toil up the moraine and the glacier to the Vermunt Pass (9205'), between 
 the Dreildnderspitze (10,495') on the E. and Piz Buin (10,870'), the highest 
 of the Vorarlberg Mts., on the W. (ascended by adepts without difficulty 
 from the Madlenerhaus in 6 hrs.). Steep descent to the Val Tuoi and 
 Guarda (p. 407). 
 
 The line crosses the 111 beyond (70 M.) Strassenhaus, and the 
 Mangbach, descending from the Gamperton-TJial on the left, near 
 (73 M.) Nenzing. 771/9 M. Frastanz, at the mouth of the Samina- 
 Thnl. The Illthal, below Bludenz called the Wallgatc, contracts. 
 At Feldkirch the river forces a deep passage [^Obere and Untere III- 
 klannn) through the limestone rocks before emptying itself into the 
 broad Rhine Valley. The train crosses the 111, enters the Upper 
 Klamm, and passes through a short tunnel. 
 
 80 M. Feldkirch (1482'; pop. 3800; Englischer Hof ox Post; Bar; 
 Lowe; Schdfle, well spoken of; beer at the Rosd'), a natural fortress, 
 hemmed in by mountains, and once the key to the Tyrol, is a pleasant 
 little town, above which rises the xmned Schattenburg . A large Jesuit 
 school here is called the Stella Matutina. The Parish Church, erect- 
 ed in 1487, contains a 'Descent from the Cross' attributed to Hol- 
 bein ; and the Capuchin Church has another good painting of the 
 same subject. By the Gymnasium are tasteful Alpine grounds. 
 
 Fine view of the Rhine Valley, from the Falknis to Lake Constance, 
 and of the gorge of the 111, from the 'Margarethenkapf (ISSO"), a hill 20 min. 
 to the W., on the left bank of the 111, with the villa and pleasant park 
 of llr. V. Tschavoll (tickets at the hotels; visiting-card also sufficient). 
 
 From Feldkirch to Bucks (IIV2M.) railway in 3/4 hr. (fares 60,40, 20 
 kr.). It sweeps round the Ardetzenberg^ crosses the 111 at Nofels, and inter- 
 sects the broad Rhine Valley. Stations Nendeln and Schaan. (Vaduz, 2 M. 
 to the S., p. 342.) Near Bucks (p. 342) it crosses the Rhine.
 
 424 VJ. Route 107. BREGENZ. 
 
 The train now skirts the E. side of the wooded and vine-clad 
 Ardetzenberg . 83 M. Rankweil, at the mouth of the Laternser Thai, 
 with a picturesquely situated church. Above the alluvial plain of 
 the Rhine rise several wooded knolls, the chief of which is the Kum- 
 menberg (2186'), to the left. Near (88 M.) Gotzis, with its modern 
 Romanesque church, are two ruined castles of the Montforts. 
 
 91 M. Hohenems (1407'; *PGst; Krone) lies at the foot of bold 
 rocks, crowned with the castles of Neu-Ems and Alt-Ems. The 
 chateau of the once powerful Counts of Hohenems in the village 
 now belongs to Count Waldburg-Zeil. Crossing the Dornbirner Ach, 
 we next reach — 
 
 95 M. Dornbirn (1417'; pop. 10,700 ; *^6f. Weiss, at the station ; 
 *Dornbirner Hof ; *Hirsch; Mohr), a thriving little town, upwards 
 of 2M. in length. The S.W. background is formed by the Appen- 
 zell Mts., the Kamor and Hohekasten, the snow-clad Sentis , and 
 the serrated Curflrsten. 
 
 98 M. Schwarzach ; 100 Y2 ^1- Lautrach. (Junction-line to the 
 left to St. Margrethen, p. 341. J The train then crosses the Bregenzer 
 Ach to — 
 
 103 m. Bregenz. — 'Oesteeeeichischer Hof, on the quay; *H6t. 
 Edeopa, "Montfort, both at the station; *Weisses Keeuz, Schweizee- 
 HOF, Romer-Str.; "Keose; Lowe, unpretending. — Wine at F. Kinz's, on 
 the road to the Gebhardsberg. Beer at Forster's Brewery and at the Eirsch, 
 on the same road. 
 
 Bregenz (^i3i2' ] pop. 7000), the capital of the Vorarlberg, the 
 Brigantium of the Romans, is beautifully situated at the E. end of 
 the Lake of Constance. The Old, or Upper Town, on a height, occu- 
 pies the site of the Roman Camp , and formerly had two gates, the 
 southern of which has been removed. Fine survey from the Pier. 
 
 The *Gebhardsberg (1945'; ascent 1/2 hr., the last half through wood), 
 with the ruined castle of ffohenbregenz. an auberge, and a pilgrimage-church, 
 commands the Lake of Constance, the valley of the Bregenzer Ach and 
 the Rhine, and the Alps of Appenzell and Glarus. Picturesque foreground, 
 formed by precipitous pine-clad hills. 
 
 The *Pfander (3465'), to the E. of Bregenz , commands a far more 
 extensive prospect. The path (IV2 hr.) ascends to the right by the old 
 barracks at the N. end of Bregenz, traverses wood, passes the (50 min.) 
 'Halbstation-Pfander'' auberge, and follows the telegraph-wires to the large 
 '^Boiel (pens. 31/2 A.) , 5 min. from the top. The longer carriage-road 
 (2-2V2 hrs.) leads through the upper part of the town to the 'Berg-IseP 
 (rille-range), then chiefly through wood to the hamlet of Fluh (Krone) and 
 thence to the hotel. 
 
 Railway to Lindau (6 M. ; p. 51) by Lochau in 22 min. (60, 42, 30 kr.). 
 Steamboats on the Lake of Constance, see p. 27.
 
 VII. THE ITALIAN LAKES. 
 
 108. From Bellinzona to Lugano and Como (Milan) . . 425 
 
 Excursions from Lugano: Monte S. Salvatore ; Monte 
 Bre, 428. — Monte Caprino ; S. Bernardo; Bigorio; 
 Monte Boglia; Monte Camoghe ; Monte Tamaro, 429. — 
 Monte Generoso, 430. 
 
 109. From Bellinzona to Locarno. Val Maggia .... 431 
 
 Val Verzasca, 431, — From Locarno to Domodossola 
 through the Centovalli and Vigezzo valleys. Val Onaer- 
 none. Val Rovana, 433. — Excursions from Big- 
 nasco. Through the Val Bavona to the Tosa Falls or 
 to Airolo; Piz Basodine ; Val Prato; Campo Tencia, 
 434. — From Fusio to Airolo or to Fiesso, 434. 
 
 110. Lago Maggiore 435 
 
 Val Cannobbina, 436. — Sasso del Ferro ; Punta Arcumeg- 
 gia-, S. Caterina del Sasso, 487. — From Laveno to Como- 
 and to Milan, 437. — From Intra to Bee and to Premeno, 
 438. — Borromean Islands, 440. — Monte Motterone, 441. 
 
 — From Arona to Milan, 442. 
 
 111. From Domodossola to Novara. Lake of Orta . . . 442 
 
 From Gravellona to Pallanza or to Baveno-Stresa, 143. 
 
 — Excursions from Orta, 444. — From Varallo to Ponte 
 Grande and to Alagna; Val Sermenza, 445. 
 
 112. From Luino on Lago Maggiore to Menaggio on the 
 
 Lake of Como. Lake of Lugano 446 
 
 From Ponte Tresa to Lugano by land, 446. — Grottoes 
 of Osteno and Eescia; Lanzo d'lntelvi, 447. 
 
 113. Lake of Como 448 
 
 Monte Legnone, 449. — Monte Grigna, 450. — Monte 
 Crocione and Galbiga; Monte S. Primo, 451. — Lake of 
 Lecco, 453. — From Lecco to Milan and to Bergamo, 
 454. — From Como to Erba and Bellagio by land, 454. 
 
 114. From Como to Milan 455 
 
 108. From Bellinzona to Lugano and Como (Milan). 
 
 Comp. Map, p. 448. 
 
 Railway (comp. p. 100) from Bellinzona to Lugano, 19 M., in 45-67 
 min. (4 fr. 70, 3 fr. 30, 2 fr. 35 c); from Lugano to Como, 20 M., in P/s-2 hrs. 
 (3 fr. 20, 2 fr. 25, 1 fr. 60 c.); from Lutjano to Milan, 48V2 M., in 1^/i-^^li hrs. 
 (8 fr. 55, 6 fr. 5, 4 fr. 30 c). 
 
 Bellinzona, Ger. Bellenz {1%Q' ; pop. 3360; Rail. Restaurant; 
 *H6t. Suisse ^ Poste, R., L., & A. 3, D. 4 fr.; *Cervo; Alb. Ristor. 
 Ferrari^, a town of quite Italian character, with a handsome ahbey- 
 church, is the capital of Canton Ticino. It is commanded on the W. 
 by the Castello Grande, on an isolated hill; on the E. by the 
 Castello di Mezzo . or di Svitto, and the Castello Corbario or Corbi, 
 the highest of the three (1500'). In the middle ages Bellinzona 
 was strongly fortified and was regarded as the key to the route from 
 Lombardy to Germany. In the 16-18th cent., the three castle? were 
 the residences of the bailiffs of Uri, Schwyz, and L^uterwaldcu 
 
 28
 
 426 VII. Route 108. LUGANO. From Bellinzona 
 
 (comp. p. 108). The Castello Grande is now nsed as a prison and 
 arsenal (visitors admitted; fee) ; the other two are in ruins. — Bel- 
 linzona is the junction of the St. Gotthard line (to Lugano-Como, 
 see below) and the lines to Locarno (p. 431) and Luino (p. 435). 
 
 Beautiful walk (11/2 hr. in all): from the station to the S. through the 
 town (10 min.) , then ascend to the left to the highest castle by a stony 
 path in numerous zigzags, affording constantly improving views. After 
 about 40 min. , the path to the castle (12 min.) diverges to the left; the 
 main path leads straight on to Baro and the conspicuous chapel of S. 
 Maria della Salute , commanding a picturesque view of the two lower 
 castles. We may descend to the left of the chapel by a path enclosed 
 with vineyard walls and regain the railway station in 20-25 min. 
 
 Ascent of Monte Camoghh (7303'; from Bellinzona 7-8 hrs., with guide), 
 see p. 429; over the Passo di S. Jorio to the Lake of Como, see p. 449. 
 
 A tunnel of 313 yds. carries the train under the Castello di 
 Mezzo (p. 425). At (21/2 M.) Giubiasco (765') the lines to the 
 Lago Maggiore (p. 435) diverge to the right. 
 
 Trending to the left, the Lugano line approaches the foot of the 
 mountains near Camorino, and begins to ascend the Monte Cenere, 
 through walnut and chestnut-trees. S. Antonio lies below on the 
 right; then Cadenazzo (p. 431). Two tunnels (the Precassino, 
 435 yds. ; and the Meggiagra, 111 yds.). View of the Ticino Valley, 
 the influx of the Ticino into the Lago Maggiore, Locarno, and the 
 Val Maggia Mts., improving as we ascend. "We pass under Monte 
 Cenere, the top of which is 370' above, by means of a tunnel, 1840 
 yds. long (1437' above the sea-level; shut the windows), to — 
 
 9 M. Rivera-Bironico (1560'), in the bleak valley of the Le- 
 guana , which soon joins the Vedeggio , descending from the Mte. 
 Camoghe (p. 429) , to form the Agno. Beyond the short Molincero 
 Tunnel is (15 M.) Taverne (1105'; '^Inn at Taverne Inferiori'). At 
 Lamone (1033') the train leaves the Agno and ascends past Cadem- 
 pino and Vezia to the Massagno Tunnel (1135'; 1016 yds. long). 
 
 19 M. Lugano. — The Railway Station (1110'; PI. C, 2; ^Restaurant) 
 lies on the hill above the town, of which it commands a fine view as well 
 as of the lake. Besides the road there is a shorter footpath and a Cable 
 Tkaiiwat (Funicolare; comp. PI. C, 2, 3) to the town (fares up 40 or 20 c., 
 down 20 or 10 c). — The Steamboat (p. 447) has three piers : Lugano-Citta, 
 at the Piazza Giardino; Lugano-Parco, near the Hotel du Pare; and Lugano- 
 Paradiso, for Paradiso and the Mte. Salvatore. 
 
 Hotels (the chief of which send omnibuses to meet the trains and 
 steamers). On the lake: *H6tel dd Paec (PI. a; B, C, 4), in an old mon- 
 astery at the S. end of the town, with garden (band thrice a day) and the 
 dependances of Belvedere, Villa Ceresio, and Villa Beau-Sijour (PI. b; B, 4; 
 the last, with fine garden, alone open in vdnter), R., L., k A. 4-6, B. IV2, 
 lunch 3, D. 5, omnibus IV2, pens. 9-11 fr.; *H6t. Splendide (PI. c; B, 5), 
 V4 M. farther W., on the Paradiso road (p. 428), patronized by the Eng- 
 lish and Americans, R.. L., & A. from 5, D. 5, pens, from 12 fr. — Hot.- 
 Pexs. Lugano (PI. e; C, 3), with a small garden, well spoken of; Hot.- 
 Restaur. Asiekicana (PI. f; D, 3), Piazza Giardino, pens. 6 fr., with a 
 good Restaur. — In the town: Hot. Suisse fPl- g; D, 3), near the Piazza 
 Giardino, R. & A. 2V2-4, B. IV4, lunch 21/2, D. 3V2 fr. ; Pension Zweifel, 
 4-5 fr, — Near the station: to the S., *H(3t.-Pens. Beau-Regaed (PI. i; B, 8), 
 E., L., (feA. 2V2-4, D. 31/2, pens. 71/2-10 fr. ; 'Hot. St. Gotthard (PL k; 
 C, 3); still farther Pens. Paskat, well spoken of; to the K. 'Hot. Wash- 
 ington (pi. d; C, 1), in an elevated and open situation, R., L., & A. 3-3V2,
 
 ^
 
 to Como. LUGANO. VII. Route 108. 427 
 
 pens. 6-8 fr. — Below the station: 'Hot.-Pens. Erica (PL 1;C, 2); Hot. 
 DE LA ViLLE & Pens.Bon-Aie (PI. 0; C, 2)-, Pens. Induni, moderate. — 
 At Paradiso (p. 428): *H6t.-Pen.s. Reichmann (PI. n; B, 6), on the lake, 
 7-9 fr.; Hot. -Pens. National, also on the l;ike^ Pens. Eufibach-Staldek, 
 unpretending; Hot. -Pens, Sax Salvatore (PI. m ; A, B, 6); *Bellevde 
 (PI. A, 6), pens. 6-8 fr. — At Cassarate , 1 M. to the E., in a sheltered 
 position, with a S. aspect: 'Pens. Villa Castagnola (PI. G, 3), with 
 pretty garden, 6V2-SV2 fr. ; *Pens. Villa do Midi (PI. G. 5), '/* M. farther 
 on, 41/2-5 fr. ; *Pens. Villa Moritz, higher up on the hillside. 
 
 Restaurants. At the Hotels; ^'Trattoria Biaggi (also R. and pens.), to 
 the W. of the Piazza della Riforma, on the way to the cable-tramway, 
 thoroughly Italian. — Beer at the Brasserie Bale, at the N.E. corner of 
 the Piazza Giardino : Walter, Straub, both on the quay, near the Hotel 
 Lugano. — '-Gafi JaccMni, Piazza della Riforma. — Confectioner: Meister. 
 
 Lake Baths on the Paradiso road (20 c., towels 20 c, cabine 60 c.). 
 Warm Baths at Anastasfs, near the Hotel du Pare. 
 
 Post & Telegraph Office (PI. D, 3), Via Canova, near the Hot. Suisse. 
 — Physicians, Dr. Corni'ls, Dr. Zbinden, Dr. Reali. etc. — Bookseller, Dalp^ 
 Piazza Giardiuo. 
 
 Carriage to or from the St. Gotthard Railway Station and the town, 
 with one hoi-.'^e, 1 pers. 1, 2 pers. IV2, 3 pers. 2 fr., two horses, 1-2 pers. 
 2, 3-5 pers. 3 fr. ; same fares from the station to Paradiso, and from the 
 town to Cassarate. From the town to Castagnola, or from the St. Gott- 
 hard or the Salvatore station to Cassarate 1'/-', 2, 2'/2, 3, or 4 fr., ; the 
 same to Castagnola 2, 2'/2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 fr. — Circuit of Mte. S. Salvatore 
 (p. 428; via Pambio, Figino, Morcote, Melide, in 2V2 hrs. ; repaying) with 
 one horse 7, with two horses 12 fr. ; to Caj^olago 7 and 12, Lxtiuo 12 
 and 20, Varese 16 and 30 fr. Fee 10 per cent of the fare. 
 
 Boats, with 1 rower I3/4, 2 rowers 3 fr. for the first hour; each addi- 
 tional 1/2 hour 1 rower 1/2, two rowers 1 fr. Sailing-boats 31/2 fr. for the 
 first hour, each additional V2 hr. I1/2 fr. 
 
 English Church Service in a chapel beside the Hotel du Pare. 
 
 Lugano (932'; pop. 8000), the largest town in Canton Ticino, 
 charmingly situated on the lake of the same name, with quite an 
 Italian climate, is a pleasant place for a prolonged stay. The scenery is 
 Italian in character ; numerous villages and country-seats are scattered 
 along the banks of the lake , and the lower hills are covered with 
 vineyards and gardens, contrasting beautifully with the dark foliage 
 of the chestnuts and walnuts. Immediately to the S. rises the do- 
 lomitic Monte S. Salvatore, wooded to its summit; to the E., beyond 
 the lake, is the Monte Caprino, to the left the Monte Bre and the 
 beautiful Monte Boglia. On the N. opens the broad valley of the 
 Cassarate, backed by an amphitheatre of mountains among which 
 the double peak of Monte Camoghh is conspicuous. 
 
 A broad Quay, planted with trees, and frequented as an evening 
 promenade, extends along the lake. Opposite the steamboat pier 
 is the handsome Palazzo Civico (PI. C, 3), with a fine colonnaded 
 court. To the E. is the spacious Piazza Giardino, at the harbour, 
 with gardens. The Piazza della Riforma or Piazza Grande lies far- 
 ther back. At the S. end of the quay rises a Fountain Statue of Tell, 
 by Vela. — The church of S. Maria degli Angioli (adjoining the 
 Hotel du Pare) contains a fresco on the rood-loft by Luini, the 
 *Passion, one of his finest works, with numerous figures. On the 
 wall to the left is the Last Supper, in three sections, and in the 1st 
 Chapel on the right a fine Madonna, both on panel by Luiui.
 
 428 VII. R. 108. MONTE S. SAL VATORE. -From 5eZimcona 
 
 The interior of the town, with its arcades, workshops in the open 
 air, and granite-paved streets, is also quite Italian in its character. 
 S. Lorenzo (PL C, 2), the principal church, on a height below the 
 station , probably erected by Tommaso Rodari at the close of the 
 loth cent., has a tasteful marble fagade. 
 
 Pleasant Walk to the S., on the high-road past the Hotel duParc 
 and Hotel Splendide, through the suburb of Paradiso (PI. A, B, 6} 
 and along the foot of Mte. S. Salvatore to the (I1/4 M.) headland 
 of S. Martina, a charming point of view. To Melide, see p. 430. At 
 Paradiso a path diverges to the right to the (5 min.) Belvedere, with 
 view of the lake and town. — To the W. by the winding road to 
 Ponte Tresa (PI. A, B, 4, 5), which diverges to the S. at the Villa 
 Beausejour (short-cuts for walkers), to the (1^4 M.) hill on which 
 lies the frequented Restaurant du Jardin. The village of Sorengo is 
 situated on a hill to the right (fine view from the church) ; to the W. 
 is the Lake of Muzzano. A carriage-road leads from the Restaurant 
 du Jardin, to the left, via Gentilino, to (11/2 M.) the conspicuous 
 church of S. Abbondio, in the graveyard of which are several monu- 
 ments by Vela. — To the E., from the Piazza Castello [where to 
 the right (No. 227) is the entrance to the shady park of the Villa 
 Ciani. now Gahrini (PL D, E. 3). with a marble figure of a mourn- 
 ing woman ('"la Desolazione") by Vine. Vela; 1 fr. to the gardener], 
 we may follow the Via Carlo Cattaneo, which crosses the (I/4 M.) 
 Cassarate, to (8/4 M.) Cassarate (PL G, 3), and thence proceed by 
 the sunny road skirting the foot of the Mte. Bre to (1 M.) Castag- 
 nola, where we obtain a fine view of the Mte. S. Salvatore. Thence 
 we may skirt the lake up and downhill to (l-l^ ^hr.) Gandria (p. 447). 
 
 The most interesting excursion is tlie ascent of the Mte. S. Salvatore 
 (2980'), by Cable Eailwat (on Abfs system) from Paradiso in 25 min. 
 (fare 3, down 2, up and down 4 fr.). The lower station (1245'; Restaurant; 
 PI. A, 6) lies 1/4 31. from the steamboat pier Lugano- Paradiso (steamboat 
 from Lugano - Citta in 10 min.). The line, with an initial gradient of 
 17 : 100, crosses the St. Gotthard Railway, with charming views of Lugano 
 and its lake, and traversing a viaduct (110 yds. long; 'SS : ICO) supported by 
 iron pillars, reaches the halfway station of Pazzallo (IGOJ), where carriages 
 are changed. Here are the machine-house for the electric motor and the 
 steam engine. The line now ascends over granite rock, at an increasing 
 gradient (finally 60 : 100), to the terminus (2S00' ; two Restaurants). Thence 
 "vve ascend on foot to the (7 min.) summit, on which there is a pilgrimage 
 chapel. The *View embraces all the arms of the Lake of Lugano, the 
 mountains and their wooded slopes, and the beautiful villas and gardens 
 above Lugano. To the E. above Porlezza is Monte Legnone (p. 449); to 
 the :N., above Lugano, rises the double peak of Monte Camoghe; to the 
 left of this are the distant Rheinwald Mts. ; towards the W. is the Monte 
 Rosa chain, with the Matterhorn and other Valaisian Alps to the right. 
 (Morning light most favourable.) — The beautiful and fragrant Daphne 
 Cneorum and the Helleborus niger, or "Christmas Rose', both adapted for 
 transplantation to gardens, are found on this mountain. 
 
 The 'Monte Bre (3050'; ascent 2V2-3, descent 13/4 hrs. from Lugano; 
 guide needless; mxile 10 fr.) aflFords another beautiful walk. From the 
 Piazza Castello to the iron bridge over the Cassarate, see above. Beyond 
 the bridge we turn to the left, then after about 130 paces to the right, 
 and ascend the winding road between low walls to the large mill, Moli-
 
 to Como. MONTE BOGLTA. VJI. Route 108. 429 
 
 nazzo (PI. G, 2), where mules may be hired. Thence by the same road 
 to (1 M.) Viganello, and below the hill crowned by the church of Pazzo- 
 lino turn to the right to (11/4 M.) Albonago. Thence the road again ascends, 
 partly between walls, and among chestnuts, figs, and vines, to (3/4 hr.) 
 Aldesago, on the mountain-slope, the highest village visible from Lugano. 
 Aldesago may also be reached in V-»-l ^^- from Castagnola (see above), via 
 Buvigliano. Above Aldesago the path divides : both branches lead round to 
 the (V2-V4 hr.) village of Br^ (2631'; 2hrs. from Lugano ; Restaurant & Pension 
 Forni), at the back of the hill. From the church of Bre a narrow forest- 
 path ascends to the W. to the (V2 hr.) top of the hill. This path also 
 divides, both branches being attractive : that to the right ascends at once ; 
 that to the left first leads to a spur in the direction of Lugano, and then 
 ascends at the back of the hill. Beautiful view of the diflerent bays of the 
 Lake of Lugano, especially towards Porlezza, and of the surrounding moun- 
 tains. Lugano is visible from the above-mentioned spur, but not from the top. 
 
 Monte Caprino, opposite Lugano, on the E. bank of the lake, is a favourite 
 holiday resort of the townspeople, who have wine-cellars (cantine) in the 
 cool grottoes by which the hillside is honeycombed. The huts guarding 
 these cellars look like a village from a distance. At some of them good 
 'Asti' and other wines of icy coolness are sold. These cellars are closed 
 in the evening. Also a brewery here. Eowing boat there and back in 
 21/2 hrs. incl. stay; also steamboat on Sun. and holidays. — From the 
 cellars a path ascends the Mte. Caprino and following the ridge to the S. 
 leads to the (3 hrs.) Colmo di Creccio (4298'), with a picturesque view. 
 
 To S. Beknardo and Bigorio (to the station of Taverne, 3V2-4 hrs.). 
 A cart-track on the fertile slopes to the N. of Lugano leads by JIassarno, 
 Savosa, Porza, and Comano to the (IV2 hr.) church of S. Bernardo (2310'), 
 on a rocky plateau, with a picturesque view. (At the S.E. base of the 
 hill are the village of Canobbio and the chateau of Trevano.) Thence (at 
 first following the top of the hill to the N. ; no path) to Sola and the 
 (I74 hr.) monastery of Bigorio (2360'; refreshmts.) , charmingly situated on 
 the wooded hill of that name. (The church contains a Madonna attributed 
 to Guercino or Perino del Vaga.) Back by (1 M.) Ponte Capriasca (1425' ; 
 with a church containing a good old copy of Leonardo da Vinci's Last 
 Supper; best light li-1) to the (IV2 M.) railway-station of Taverne (p. 426). 
 
 *Monte Boglia (4960'; 4-4V2 hrs.), a hill visible from Lugano to the left 
 of Mte. Ere (guide desirable). Ascent by Soragno and the Alp Bolla or 
 from Brh(SQQ above) in i^/^hr. View little inferior to that from Mte. Generoso. 
 Descent on the E. side through the grassy Val Solda to Castello and S. 
 Mamette (a steamboat-station; p. 447) or Oria (p. 447). 
 
 Monte Camoghe (7303'; 7-8 hrs. from Lugano; guide from Colla), a 
 famous point of view, is fatiguing. Eoad via Canobbio and Tesserete; 
 then to the right into the Val Colla, to (12 M. ; carr. in 21/2 hrs.) Sca- 
 reglia or Lower Colla (3205'; -Osteria Garzirola). We then (with guide) 
 ascend on foot by Colla and the Alp Pietrarossa, leaving the Mle. Gar- 
 zirola (see below)'to the right, to the (3 hrs.) Alp Sertena (5922') and the 
 (IV2 hr.) top. — The descent may be made to the X., by the Pivolie and 
 Levtno Alps, to the Val Morobbia.,' Givbiasco, and (5 hrs.) Bellimoiia (p. 426; 
 ascent of the Camoghe from Bellinzona, 7-8 hrs.). — Monte Garzirola (6di'2'), 
 3 hrs. from Colla, also repaying. — From the Val Colla an interesting 
 walk over the pass of S. Lucio (5960') to Porlezza, or over the Cima delV 
 Arabione (5928'; fine view) to the Val Solda (p. 447), or to the Val Solda 
 by a path passing the curious dolomite pinnacles of the Denti di Vecchia. 
 
 Monte Tamaro (G433'; 4 hrs.; guide) from Taverne (p. 426) or Bironico 
 (p. 426), not difficult. Splendid view of Lago Maggiore, etc. 
 
 To the Grotto of Osteno, see p. 447. 
 
 From Lugano to Como (Milanl. The train crosses the Tassino 
 Valley, lay means of a viaduct, 120' high (charming view to the 
 left), and passes through the Faradiso Tunnel (833 yds.) under the 
 N.E. spur of Monte S. Salvatore (p. 428). It then skirts the lake,
 
 430 VII. Route 108. MONTE GENEROSO. 
 
 ^vith views (to the left) of the wooded slopes of the E. bank and 
 the villages upon it. Beyond (23 M.) Melide (905'; Micheli's Inn, 
 good wine), the train and the road cross the lake to Bissone by a 
 stone viadnct 1/2 M. long, which sadly mars the scenery. At each 
 end there is an arch for the passage of boats. To the right a pleasant 
 view of the lake, which branches into two bays (p. 446j. Two tun- 
 nels. Then (25 M.) Maroggia (Elvezia), at the W. base of the Mte. 
 Generoso ; continuous view of the lake on the right. 
 
 Il^li^l. Capolago [Buffet; Hot. -Pens, du Lac^ with garden, 
 new), at the top of the S.E. arm of the lake, the station for the 
 Generoso Railway (steamboat from Lugano 4 times daily in 3/^ hr.). 
 
 The *Moirte Generoso, owing to its isolated situation, opposite 
 the principal chain of the Swiss Alps, and to its elevation above 
 the Italian lakes and the plains of Lombardy, commands per- 
 haps the most magnificent view to the S. of the Alps, and may 
 justly be compared with the Rigi. In 1890 a Rack-axd-Pinion 
 Railway was opened from Capolago to the summit. The line, on 
 Abt's system (with a central toothed rail into which toothed wheels 
 work on both sides), is 6^/2 M. long and has a maximum gradient 
 of 22 : 100 (Rigi Railway 25 : 100). Four trains ascend daily to 
 the summit (Vetta) in 11/4 hr., to Bellavista (Hotel Generoso) in 
 57 min. ; fare to Bellavista 5 fr. 85, to Vetta 7 fr. 50 c, from Vetta 
 to Capolago 5 fr. ; return-fare to the top 10 fr. — The trains start 
 from the steamboat pier at Capolago (see above) and halt at (2 min.) 
 the St. Gotthard Railway station, where the toothed rail begins. 
 The train crosses the road and the St. Gotthard Railway and ascends 
 the slope of the Generoso (gradient 20:100, afterwards 22: 100), 
 with a continuous view, on the right, of the fertile Val di Laveggio, 
 girt with wooded hills, the little town of Mendrisio, and behind, 
 of the Lake of Lugano with S. Vitale on the W. bank, and N. to 
 the Mte. Salvatore. Then we ski t abrupt cliffs and pass through a 
 curved tunnel (150 yds. long), immediately before which the sum- 
 mit of Monte Rosa is visible, to the station of (13/^ M.) S. Nicolao 
 (2820'; Restaurant'), in the wooded Val Cereda. The line next 
 describes a wide curve, enters the Val della Giasza by a tunnel 
 50 yds. long, and proceeds high up on the mountain-slope, with 
 views of the plain as far as Milan and Varese, and of the wooded 
 valleys of the Generoso (to the right appears Monte Bisbino, with 
 its pilgrimage-church). — S'/o M. Bellavista (4010'; Restaurant). 
 A promenade leads from the station along the mountain -slope 
 (benches) to the (5 min.) ^Bellavista, a mountain-spur (railings) 
 immediately above Capolago , with a beautiful view (best in the 
 morning) of the Lake of Lugano and the surrounding heights, 
 backed by the line of snowpeaks stretching from the Gran Paradiso 
 to the St. Gotthard. About V2 ^1- to the E. of the station (hotel 
 porter meets the trains) is the *H6tel du Generoso (3965'; R.,
 
 ^sR^s^^i^sgesssr^ss-^^yiSSfaSi 
 
 M.Campione 
 P?d'Arera 
 
 W.Rese|one 
 
 M.Albeno 
 M.S.Primo 
 
 MSf^-"' ^g^^
 
 c
 
 CHIASSO. VII. Route 108. 431 
 
 L., & A. 4-5, B. IV'2, lunch 81/2, !>• &> pens. 12 fr. ; Engl. Church 
 Servicej , the property of Dr. Pasta , situated on a mountain- 
 terrace commanding a view towards the plain of Lombardy. A 
 bridle-path leads hence to the summit in II/4 hr. — Beyond Bella- 
 vista the railway ascends through another tunnel (90 yds. long) and 
 closely skirts the barren ridge, affording occasional views to the left 
 of the lake and town of Lugano, and to the right, below, of the 
 villages of Muggio and Cabbio. Beyond two short tunnels we reach 
 the station of (5V2M.) Vetta (5355'; '* Hotel Kulm, R. 5, B. IV2, 
 Lunch 31/2) D- 5 fr., connected by view terraces with the Restaur. 
 Vetta). A new path provided with railings leads hence in 10 rain, to 
 the summit of *Monte Genoroso (5560'). The *Vibw, no less 
 striking than picturesque (comp. the panorama), embraces the lakes 
 of Lugano, Como, Varese, and Maggiore, the entire Alpine chain 
 from the Monte Viso to the Pizzo dei Tre Signori, and to the S. the 
 plain of Lombardy, watered by the Po and backed by the Apen- 
 nines, with the towns of Milan, Lodi, Crema, and Cremona. — From 
 the station of Vetta the descent on foot to the Hotel du Generoso or 
 to Bellavlsta station may be made in 3/^ hr. 
 
 Monte Generoso may also be ascended from Maroggia (p. 430) by Rovio 
 (Hot. -Pens. Mte. Generoso, 41/2-6 fr.), or from Balerna (see below) by Muggio 
 in 4-47-2 hrs. (roads to Rovio and Muggio, beyond which the ascent is 
 fatiguing). — From Lanzo d'lntelvi (bridle-path," 5V2 hrs.), see p. 447. 
 
 291/2 M. Mendrisio (1190'; ""Alh. dell' Angelo, Italian, R. & A. 
 21/2 ft. ; Leone), with 2872 inhab., 1/2 M. from the station, lies at 
 the beginning of the bridle-path to the Hot. du Generoso (see above ; 
 3 hrs., mule 6 fr.). The short Coldrerio Tunnel carries us through the 
 watershed between the Laveggio and the Breggia. 33 M. Balerna. 
 
 35 M. Chiasso (764'; *Rail. Restaur. ; *Alb. S. Michele, by the 
 station), the last Swiss village (custom-house ; usually a long halt). 
 The line pierces the Monte Olimpino by means of a tunnel 3190 yds. 
 long (view of the Lago di Como to the left), and passes Borgo Vico, 
 a suburb of Como, on the left. 
 
 38 M. Como (p. 454) ; thence to (30 M.) Milan, see R, 114. 
 
 109. From Bellinzona to Locarno. Val Maggia. 
 
 Railway to Locarno, 14 M., in 3/^ hr. (2 fr. 30, 1 fr. 60, 1 fr. 15 c). — 
 Diligence from Locarno to Bignasco twice daily in 8^/2 hrs., coup^ 4 fr. 
 60 c.; diligence from Bignasco to Fusio in summer daily in 3 hrs.. Car- 
 riage with one horse from Locarno to Bignasco 19, with two horses 30 fr., 
 back 16 and 25 fr.; from Bignasco to Fusio and back 18 or 35 fr.. 
 
 To (51/2 M.) Cadenazzo, see p. 426. The Locarno line (change 
 of carriages) diverges to the right and below (r.) Cugnasco crosses 
 the Ticino. — 10 M. Gordola, with productive vineyards, at the 
 mouth of the Val Verzasca. 
 
 Val Verzasca. A road (diligence from Locarno to Sonogno daily in 
 41/2 hrs.) ascends the deep and picturesque valley, watered by the beauti- 
 ful Verzasca with its countless falls. This stream and its tributaries 
 abound in fish and are often of an exquisite transparent green. The lover 
 of nature should descend into the ravine and explore some of the deli-
 
 432 ril. Route 109. LOCARNO. 
 
 cions rocky pools. Tlie road leads by (r.) Vogonio and Q.) Corippo to 
 (S BI.) Lavertezzo (Osteria della Posta) and (4 M.) Brione C2497'; Inn), the 
 chief village in tlie valley, at the mouth of the Val d^Osola, through which 
 a path (with guide) leads to the Forcarella Cocco (7010'), the Val Cocco and 
 (8 hrs.) Bignasco (p. 433). Ascending to the N. through the main valley, 
 we next come to Gerra^ Frasco, and (41/2 M.) Sonogno (29S2'; Inn), the 
 last village, where the valley again divides. Thence to the W. over the 
 Passo di Redorta (7140'), between the Corona di Redorta and Mte. Zucchero, 
 to the Val Pertusio and (8 hrs. ; guide) Prato (p. 434), interesting. Another 
 attractive route leads to the N. by Cabione and the Alp Bedeglia to the 
 Passo di Laghetto (6920), to the W. of the Cima Bianca ; it then descends 
 to the Alp del Lago (6046'), with its little lake ('laghetto") and through 
 the Val Chironico to (8 hrs.) Qiornico (p. 108). 
 
 The train crosses the brawling Verzasca and runs on the bank 
 of the Lago Maggiore to — 
 
 14 M. Locarno. — *6rand Hotel Locaeno, with garden, view of 
 the lake, and English Chapel, R., L., & A. 5-6, lunch 3, D. 5fr. -, *H6t.- 
 Pens. du Paec, new, with garden and view; *H6t.-P£Ns. Rebee, vdth 
 garden on the lake, moderate, pens. 6-7 fr. 5 *Coron'a, on the lake, R., L., & 
 A. 2-3, B. IV2 fr. 5 *HoT. Suisse, in the chief piazza, moderate; Pens. Villa 
 RiGHETTi, on the way to the Madonna; Albeego S. Gottardo ; furnished 
 rooms at Oiul. Borghettfs. — Bail. Restaurant. 
 
 Steamboats on Lago Maggiore see p. 435; departure according to Roman 
 time, which is 20 min, in advance of Swiss time. 
 
 Locarno (680'; pop. 3353, Rom. Cath.), a busy little town of 
 thoroughly Italian character, is beautifully situated on the Lago 
 Maggiore at the mouth of the Maggia. Since 1513 it has belonged 
 to Switzerland. In the 15th cent, the town is said to have contained 
 5000 inhab. ; but by an intolerant decree in 1553 several of the 
 most industrious Protestant families were banished for refusing to 
 conform to the Rom. Cath. ritual. A number of these (the Orelli, 
 Muralto, and others) repaired to Ziirich, where they founded the 
 silk-manufactories which still flourish. At the market held at Lo- 
 carno on alternate Thursdays the picturesque costumes of the neigh- 
 bouring peasantry are seen to advantage. The greatest gala-day is 
 8th Sept. , the Nativity of the Virgin. — Fine view from the *Ma- 
 donna del Sasso (1168'), a pilgrimage-church on a wooded rock 
 above the town (1/2 hr. ; steep paved path , with 14 'stations'). 
 The church contains an Entombment by Ciseri. Ascending to the 
 left at the back of the church, we reach (10 min.) a Chapel containing 
 a painted terracotta group of the Resurrection by Rossi, and afford- 
 ing a most picturesque retrospect of the Madonna del Sasso. The 
 chapel of the Trinith del Monte, still farther up, commands a view 
 of the upper part of Lago Maggiore. The whole walk may be accom- 
 plished in 1^2 lir. (evening light favourable). 
 
 Walks. Pleasant walks mav be taken to the W. via Solduno to the 
 (3 M.) Ponfe Brolla (p. 433); to the S.W. across the bridge over the Maggia 
 to (2 M.) Losone, with cool wine cellars (wine good and cheap), or to (272 M.) 
 Ascona (p. 435j, and thence along the bank of the Lago Maggiore to (6 M.) 
 BHssago (p. 43o); preferable is the walk 'over the hill" to (2 hrs.) Ronco and 
 thence down to (1 hr.) Brissago; — to the E. to (IV2 M.) i/mM«io and into 
 the (3/4 M.) romantic Navegna Gorge, with a chalybeate spring; to the N. 
 to the mountain villages of Orsolina and Brione (each 3 M.), with charm-
 
 VALMAGGIA. VJL Route 109. 433 
 
 ing views; or to (6 M.) Mergoscia in the Val Verzasca (p. 431), etc. — 
 About 2 hrs. above Locarno is the Fens. Alpenheim (L. BorghettiJ, visited 
 as a health and whey-cure resort. 
 
 From Locarxo to Domodossola, 11 hrs., a beautiful but fatiguing 
 route , through the Val Centovalli and the "Val di Vigezzo. Road to 
 Losone and (4 M.) Iniragna (1300'; Inn), picturesquely situated at the 
 confluence of the Meleza and the Onsernone. Then a bad path on the left 
 bank of the Meleza by (2V2 hrs.) Borgnone (231.5'; Inn) to {^j\ hr.) Camedo, 
 the last Swiss village,' and across the Italian frontier to (IV2 hr.) R^ (Inn), 
 a resort of pilgrims. Koad thence by (3 M.) Malesco (Leon d'Oro), where 
 the new road from the Val Cannobbina joins ours on the left (p. 486), to 
 S. Maria Magaiore (2713'; *Croce di Malta), the capital of the Val Vigezzo, 
 and (10 31.) Domodossola (p. 303). 
 
 Val Onsernone. Road (diligences from Locarno to Comologno and 
 Vergeletto daily in 31/2 hrs.) across the Ponte Brolla (see below) to (li/a M.) 
 Cavigliano ., where a road to Intragna (see above) diverges to the left. 
 We then ascend to the X.W., through the picturesque Val Onsernone^ in 
 numerous windings to Loco (Inn) and (GV2 31.) Riisso (2633'), where the 
 valley divides. The road bends into the W. branch of the valley and at 
 the picturesque Ponte Oscuro, where the road to Vergeletto diverges to the 
 right, it turns and ascends the S. branch past Crana to (IV2 hr.) Comologno 
 (3503'; no tolerable inn). From (V^ hr.) Spruga, where the road stops, 
 a bridle-path crosses the Italian frontier to the (IV4 M.) rustic Bagni di 
 Craveggia, with a sulphur-spring, whence an easy route crosses the 
 Bocchetta di 8. Antonio to (5 hrs.) S. Maria Maggiore (see above). — In 
 the N. branch of the valley, 3 M. from Russo, lies Vergeletto (2990'; '-'Osteria 
 Domenigonc). Tlience to Cimalmotto (see below) over the Passo di Por- 
 careccio, or to Cevio by the Logo di Alzasca, interesting (with guide). 
 
 The *Val Maggia, 25 M. long, with its hold rock scenery, its 
 rich vegetation, and its pretty villages and grand waterfalls, deserves 
 a visit, particularly in spring or autumn. The road leads on the left 
 bank of the Maggia^ with its numerous falls, past the picturesque 
 (3 M.) Ponte Brolla (820'; route to the Val Onsernone, see above), 
 to Avegno, where the snow -covered summit of the Basodino is 
 visible for a short time, and (472^1-) Maggia (1138'), a con- 
 siderable village. To the right is the fine Cascata della Pozzaccia. 
 Then by Coglio, Giumagllo, Someo (Osteria al Ponte ; Ristor. del 
 Soladino), with its handsome houses, and Riveo (passing the 
 beautiful *8oladino Fall, 330' high, on the left) to Visletto, at the 
 foot of massive cliffs, and over the Maggia to (71/2 M.) Cevio (1380'; 
 Ristor. del Basodino, with a few rooms ; Ristor. della Postal the 
 capital of the valley (514 inhab.), with fine groups of trees and an 
 old church, at the mouth of the Val Rovana. 
 
 The steep Val Rovana divides at (3V2 ^^I.) Collognascn (2640) into (1.) 
 the Val di Campo and (r.) the Val di Bosco. In the former lie (3V2 M.) 
 Campo (4430'; Inn) and (IV4 M.) Cimalmotto (Inn), the church of which 
 has a porch with interesting frescoes. Thence over the Porcareccio Pass 
 to Vergeletto, see above; over the Passo di Bosa (7405') and through the 
 Val Jsorno to (6 hrs.) Crevola, easv; over the Pa^so di Craverola {Scaita 
 del Forno, 8290') to Premia, or over the Passo della Scatta (8420') and the 
 Passo di Cornelia to Crodo in the Val Antigorio (p. 310), both easy (guide). 
 — In the Val di Bosco, 5 M. from Collognasca, lies Bosco (4930'; Inn), 
 called also Crin or Chirin, the only (German village in Canton Ticino. 
 Thence over the Criner Furka to the' Val Formazza, see p. 309. 
 
 11/4 M. (18 M. from Locarnol Bignasco (1424'; *mt. du Glacier, 
 R., L., & A. 3-37-2, D. 4, pens. T-9 fr. ; pop. 202), is charmingly 
 Baedeker, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 28
 
 434 VII. Route 109. FUSIO. 
 
 situated at the moutli of the Val Bavona, and is well adapted for 
 a stay. About 1/2 M. to tte S.E. is the pretty Waterfall of Bignasco. 
 
 Pleasant walk to the (2/4 hr.) Madonna di Monte (2360'), a &ne point of 
 view (ascend to the left after crossing the Maggia below the hotel). Beyond 
 the chapel we proceed still farther into the valley, passing several chalets 
 and ascending on the other side of the brook to (20 niin.) the Jncino Alp, 
 whence we descend again past two fine waterfalls (Bagni di Nerone and 
 Piccolo Niagara) to (40 min.) Bignasco. — We may also follow the Fusio 
 road (guide-post) to the (74 31.) Pontelotio, cross the Maggia, and return on 
 the left bank. — Other walks to Bronlallo and (3 M.) Menzonio (2380'; fine 
 view) ; to (3 hrs.) S. Carlo, (3V2 hrs.) Fusio, etc. (see below). 
 
 Fkom Bignasco to the (10 hrs.) Tosa Falls, oe to (11 hrs.) Aikolo. 
 Through the picturesque 'Val Bavona, which opens to the N.W. of Big- 
 nasco, a road shaded by walnut and chestnut trees, leads by Cavergno, 
 Fontana, Foroglio (with a fine waterfall), Fontanella, and Sonlerto to (3 hrs.) 
 /S'. Carlo (31o0'; *Albergo Basodino, unpretending), whence the Mte. Baso- 
 dine (10,750') may be ascended with guide (G-. Padovani) in 5-6 hrs. (trying, 
 but not dangerous; descent to Auf der Frut, 31/4 hrs., see p. 309). From 
 S. Carlo we ascend rapidly via Campo, with guide, to the (2^/2 hrs.) Alp 
 Rohiei (6566'; accommodation) and to the W, through the Val Fiorina to 
 the (3-31/2 hrs.) Bocchetta di Valmaggia (8707') and (2V2 hrs.) Auf der Frut 
 (p. 808). — Travellers bound for Airolo, instead of crossing the bridge 
 leading to the Alp Robiei, follow the left bank of the stream (with guide) 
 and ascend by the Alp Lielpe and Pioda , past the little Lago Sciundrau 
 (7720'), to the (5 hrs.) Cristallina Furca (8474'), to the W. of Piz Cri.-^tallina 
 (9547'); then descend over snow into the Val Tovta and through the Val 
 Cristallina to Ossasco (p. 304) and (3 hrs.) Airolo (p. 106). 
 
 The Toad in the Val Maggia, called ValBroglio above this point, 
 next leads to Broglio and {i'^j-i M.) Prato (2460' ; Inn. rustic), at 
 the mouth of the Val Prato, which ascends to the E. to the Campo 
 Tencia. (Over the Redorta Pass to the Val Verzasca, see p. 432.) 
 
 The Campo Tencia (10,038'; 8-9 hrs. from Prato ; with guide), a 
 magnificent point of view, is trying. Through the Val Prato to the 
 highest chalets of the Corte di Campo Tencia (7250') 5 hrs.; then, on the 
 E. side, up the crest of the Crozlina Glacier to the (3-4 hrs.) summit. 
 Experts may descend across the glacier to the E. to the Alp Crozlina and 
 by Dalpe to Faido (p. 107). 
 
 At (IV4 M.) Peccia (2785'; Inn, rustic) the Val Peccia opens 
 to the left, with the pyramidal Poncione di Braga (9405') in the 
 background. The highest portion of the Val Maggia is named the 
 Val Lavizzara from the 'lavezzo' stone found there. The road ascends 
 in windings (short-cuts for walkers) to the fiat upper part of the 
 valley, crosses (4M.) the wild gorge of the Maggia, and leads past 
 (right), Mogno, still ascending in windings (shorter footpath to the 
 right) to (2 M.) Fusio (4202'; *5of. Dazio\ the last village in the 
 Val Maggia, most picturesquely situated. 
 
 A picturesque walk may be taken, among wood, from Fusio to (IV2 M.) 
 the pretty hamlet oi Sambucco (4485'), with a fine waterfall. — Passes from 
 Fusio (with guide): to the N. by Corte, and the Sassello Pass (7697'), or by 
 the Passo del Sassi (82C0'; for experts only) to (51/2-6 hrs.) Airolo; to the 
 W. over the Passo di Naret (8015') and past the small lake of the same name, 
 to (7 hrs.) Ossasco in the Val Bedretto ; to the N.E. by Colla and the Alp 
 Pianascio to the (21/2-3 hrs.) Campolungo Pass (7595' ; fine view) ; descent 
 either to the right by ih& Alp Cadonighino and. Balpe (see above)to (3 hrs.). 
 Faido (p. 107), or (very steep) to the left past the little Lago Tremorgio 
 (5997') to (2 hrs.) Rodi-Fiesso (p. 107). — The Pizzo Tremorgio (8780*), a 
 splendid point of view, may be scaled from the Campolungo Pass in IVj hr.
 
 
 
 
 
 ^>'^.." 
 
 '^^' "^
 
 435 
 
 110. Lago Maggiore. 
 
 Railway from Bellinzona to Xovaea via Luino , 67 M.. in 4-5 hrs. 
 (fares 12 fr., 8 fr. 45 c, 6 fr.); to Luino in IV4-IV2 hr. (fares 4 fr. 50, 3 fr. 
 20, 2 fr. 10 c). — Intermediate stations: 21/2 51. Giubiasco; 51/2 31. Cade- 
 nuzzo; IOV2M. Magadino; 121/2 M. S. Nazzaro; 14V2 M. Ranzo-Gera; 17 31. 
 Pino, the first Italian station; 21 M. Maccagno ; 25 31. Luino, with t)otU 
 the Italian and the Swiss custom-houses; 29 31. Porto Valtravaglia; 34 M. 
 Zareno ; 3672 31. Leggiuno-Monvalle; iO^f-i'^^- Ispra ; 431/2 M. Taino-Angera; 
 47 M. Sesto-Calcnde (see Baedeker^s Nortltern Italy). — From Bellinzona 
 TO Locarno, .-eo. p. 431. 
 
 Steamboat twice daily in summer from Locarno to Laveno, and seven 
 or eight times daily from Laveno to Intra, Pallanza, the Borromean Is- 
 lands, Stresa, and Arona. From Locarno to Arena 51/2 hrs., from Luino to 
 Isola Bella 2^/4 (from Laveno 11/4) hrs. ; from Isola Bella to Arona I1/4 hr. 
 (fare from Locarno to Arona 5 fr. 85 or 3 fr. 20 c, from Luino to Isola Bella 
 2 fr. 15 or 1 fr. 30 c, from Isola Bella to Arona 1 fr. 70 c. or 1 fr., landing 
 and embarking included). Strict punctuality (Roman time, p. 432) is not al- 
 ways observed. Some of the boats are saloon-steamers, with restaurants on 
 board. — The names of the Stations are printed below in bolder type; 
 those always touched at are Locarno, Brissago., Gannobbio., Lnino., Laveno., 
 Intra., Pallanza., Baveno, Isola Bella, Stresa, Belgirate, Lesa, Meina-, Arona. 
 — Travellers who are not pressed for time should go to Locarno only by 
 railway, and take the steamer thence to Pallanza, the Borromean Islands etc. 
 (Custom-house examination on board.) 
 
 The *Lago Maggiore (646', greatest depth 2800'), the Lacus 
 Verbanus of the Romans, is ahont37M. long, and averages 172-3 M. 
 in width. The N. end for a distance of 9 M., sometimes called the 
 Lake of Locarno, belongs to Canton Ticino. The W. bank beyond 
 the brook Valmara, and the E. bank from the Dirinella belong to 
 Italy. The chief tributaries of the lake are on the N. the Ticino and 
 the Maggia, and on the W. the Tosa. The river emerging from the 
 S. end retains the name of Ticino. At the N. end the lake is en- 
 closed by lofty mountains, for the most part wooded, while the E. 
 bank towards the lower end slopes gradually down to the plains of 
 Lombardy. The water is green in its N. arm, and deep blue at the 
 S. end. 
 
 Locarno, see p. 432. Opposite, in the N.E. corner of the lake, 
 at the mouth of the Ticino, lies Magadino (railway-station; Hot. 
 Bellevue, Pens. Viviani, both on the lake), consisting of two vill- 
 ages, Magadino Inferiore and Superiore, at the foot of Monte 
 Tamaro (6433'). 
 
 To the S. of Locarno, where the deposits of the Maggia have 
 formed a large delta, the Val Maggia (p. 433) opens, with its num- 
 erous villages. Farther on the W. bank is covered with villages, 
 country-houses, and campanili. In an angle lies Ascona (small-boat 
 Stat.), with a ruined castle and several villas; then i^onco, higher 
 up the hillside. Passing the two small Isole de Brissago the steamer 
 reaches Gera (railway-station) on the E. bank; and then, on the W. 
 "bank, ^risasigo (Hot. Suisse), the last Swiss village, a delightful 
 spot, with picturesque houses, and a line group of cypress-trees near 
 the church. The slopes above are covered with fig-trees, olives, and 
 pomegranates; even the myrtle flourishes in the open air. — To the 
 
 28*
 
 436 VII. Route 110. LUINO. Lago 
 
 S. of Brissago is a large 'interuatioiial tobacco manufactury'. Italian 
 custom-liouse examination on board the steamer. 
 
 Opposite Brissago, on the E. bank, lies the Italian village of 
 Pino (railway-station) . 
 
 The next Italian villages are S. Agata and Cannobbio (*E6t. 
 Cannobbio, on the lake, R. 21/2-3, pens. 6 fr. ; Albergo delle Alpi, 
 moderate ; *Pens. Villa Badia^ 11/4 M. to the S., 260' above the lake, 
 quiet, pens. 6-7 fr.). Cannobbio (pop. 2600), one of the oldest and 
 most important places on the lake, lies at the entrance of the Vol 
 Cannobbina, and is overshadovred by wooded mountains. The church 
 Delia Pieta, the dome of which is attributed to Bramante, contains 
 a Bearing of the Cross by Gaud. Ferrari. 
 
 Pleasant walk (also omnibus) up the picturesque Val Cannobbina to 
 (i^ ft M.) La Salute (Hydropathic), and to the (20 min.) Orrido, a wild rocky 
 gorge, where there is a waterfall in spring (best viewed from a boat, 1/2-I fr.). 
 — A new road ascends the beautiful valley, frequently crossing the river, 
 and passing the villages oi Spoccia (Osteria Americana, on the road -side), 
 Oi-asso, Cursolo^ and Gurro on the heights on each side. It then crosses 
 a low pass to Finero (Inn) and Malesco in the Val Vigezzo and descends to 
 (19 M.) S. Maria Maggiore (p. 433). One-horse carriage from Cannobbio to 
 S. Maria in 5 hrs., 1.5 fr., two-horse carr. 25 fr. 
 
 The Steamer now steers to the E. bank , and stops at Maccagno 
 (railway-station; Alb. della Torre), with a picturesque church and 
 an ancient tower, whence we may visit the (2 hrs.) loftily situated 
 Lago d'Eglio (2950'; *Hotel; fine view). The viaducts and tunnels 
 of the St. Gotthard Railway are now seen skirting the lake. Passing 
 Casneda in a wooded ravine, we next reach — 
 
 Luino (railway-station). — The Steamboat Pier adjoins the wait- 
 ing room (Dej. incl. W. 21/2-, D. 41/2 fr.) of the Steam Tramuay to Ponte Tresa 
 (Lugano; seep. 446). By passing to the left of this station and the statue 
 of Garibaldi and following the broad 'Via Principe di Xapoli' we reach the 
 (10 min.) Stazioxe Ixternazioxale, the station of the Bellinzona and 
 Genoa line, where the Italian and Swiss custom-house examinations take 
 place ('Restaurant, lunch 3 fr.). Omnibus from the steamboat-pier 40 c, 
 small trunk 25, large 50 c. 
 
 Hotels. *Grasd Hotel du Sijiplon et Terminus, on the lake, to the S. 
 of the town, with a garden; Hotel Poste & Sdisse, E., L., <fc A. 2V2-3V2 fr.; 
 "ViTTORiA, well spoken of, these two near the steamboat-pier. — Kear the 
 Stazione Internazionale : Milano, d^j. 2, D. 3 fr.; Axcora. 
 
 Luino or Luvino, a busy little town with 2800 inhab., is situat- 
 ed at the base and on the slopes of the hills , a little to the N. 
 of the mouth of the Tresa. It affords good headquarters for a stay 
 on account of its ample railway and steamer facilities. The Statue 
 of Garibaldi, near the pier, commemorates his brave but futile 
 attempt to continue the contest here with his devoted guerilla 
 band after the conclusion of the armistice between Piedmont and 
 Austria on Aug. 15th, 1848. The principal Church is adorned with 
 frescoes by Bernardino Luini, a native of the place (c. 1470-1530). 
 At the mouth of the Margorabbia, V2 ^- to *^6 S., lies Germig- 
 naga, with the large silk-spinning (filanda) and winding (filatoja) 
 factories of E. Stehli-Hirt of Zurich. (Admission by application to 
 the manager.)
 
 Maggiore. LAVENO. VII. Route 110. 437 
 
 Near the W. bank, on rocks rising from the lake, are the two 
 grotesque-looking Castelli di Cannero, half in ruins, the property 
 of Count Borromeo. In the loth cent, they harboured the five broth- 
 ers Mazzarda, notorious brigands, the terror of the district. Cannero 
 (Albergo Nizza; Alb. Cannero) is beautifully situated amidst vine- 
 yards and orchards. We next pass Barbe^ with its graceful spire, 
 Oggebbio and Ghiffa (small-boat stat. ; Hot. Ghiffa) on the W. bank, 
 and Porto -Valtravaglia (railway -station; Osteria Antica) on the 
 E. bank, villages at which the steamers do not always stop. In a 
 wooded bay lies Calde, with the old tower of Castello di Calde on a 
 hill. To the S. rises the green Sasso del Ferro, the most beautiful 
 mountain on the lake (see below). To the "W., Monte Rosa and the 
 Simplon group are visible. 
 
 Laveno (railway-station; '^Posta, Italian"), a large village , beau- 
 tifully situated in a bay at the mouth of the Boesio, once an Austrian 
 war-harbour. The steamboat-pier adjoins the station of the Varese 
 and Milan line; the station of the St. Gotthard Railway (p. 435) is 
 about V2 M. farther (omnibus). Near the quay is a monument for Ga- 
 ribaldians killed in 1859. Large pottery (Societa Ctramica Italiana) 
 on the site of the former Fort St. Michele (to the left) ; above it is the 
 Villa PuUe, with a view-tower containing several relics of 1859. 
 
 The Sasso del Ferro (3485'), easily ascended from Laveno in 21/2 hrs., 
 affords a magnificent view of the lake, the plain as far as Milan, and the 
 huge snow-peaks of the Monte Rosa chain. About 2V2 hrs. X.E. of Laveno, 
 at the back of the Sasso del Ferro, is the hamlet of Vararo (about 2600'), 
 whence the *Punta Arcumeggia (4050'), the highest point of the Mte. 
 Nudo., may be ascended in I1/2 hr. Splendid view (surpassing that of Mte. 
 Motterone) of the Lago Maggiore, the lakes of Lugano and Varese and the 
 chain of the High Alps. — Pleasant excursion from Laveno via Cerro 
 (which is reached by a mad diverging to the right beyond the bridge over 
 the Boesio, a few niin. before the St. Gotthard station), to the (it/4 hr.) 
 monastery of S. Caterina del Sasso, situated on the hillside high above 
 the lake. Imbedded in the roof of the church is a mass of rock which 
 fell upon it in the last century and has remained there ever since. 
 
 From Laveno to the Borromean Islands and Pallanza (p. 435), boat, 
 with 3 rowers, 10-12 fr. (to Isola Bella IV2 hr., thence to Isola Madre 
 20 min., Pallanza 20 min). 
 
 From Laveno via Vare55e to Como (32 M.; railway in 2V4 hrs.) or 
 Milan (451/2 M. •, railway in 21/4-3 hrs.). The line leads along the S. base 
 of the Sasso del Ferro through the Val Cuvio^ watered by the Boesio, via 
 Cittiglio, Gemonio, Cocquio. Gavirate. Barasso. and Casbeno to (14 M.) Varese 
 (1250'; 'Gr.-Hotel Varese. 1 M. to the W., near Casbeno, K., L., * A. 51/2, 
 D. 5fr.; Italia., new; Enropa, An gelo, etc.). a town of 5800 inhab., charm- 
 ingly situated near the lake of that name, with numerous villas. Splendid 
 view from the pilgrimage church of the Madonna del Monte, 21/3 hrs. to 
 the N.W. (carriage road to Fogliardi, then a bridle-path). — We then cross 
 the Olona to (17 31.) Malnate. the junction of the lines to Como via Solbiate^ 
 Olgiate (the highest point on the line, with numerous villas), Lurate-Caccivio, 
 Civcllo, Grandate, and Camerlata (p. 455). — and to Milan via Saronno. 
 
 From Laveno to Milan via Gallarate , 45 M., railway in 2V,! hrs. 
 — 2V2 M. Sanyiano. The line diverges to the left from the line to Sesto 
 (to the right is 3fonvalle, p. 435), and passes through a tunnel, to (5 M.) 
 Be^ozzo. 10 M. lertiote-Varano., on the lovely La^o di Comabbio. Beyond 
 a long tunnel (13V2 M.) Cnignola-Cimbro, and (W/2 M.) Besnaie. — 20 M. 
 Gallarate. Thence to (45 M.) Milan, see p. 442.
 
 438 VII. Route no. PALLANZA. Layo 
 
 As we approach Intra, a valley opening to the W. discloses a 
 passing survey of the N. neighbours of Monte Rosa : first the Strahl- 
 horn, then the Mischabelhorner and the Simplon. 
 
 Intra (*H6t. de la Ville ^ Poste, Vitello ^' Leon d'Oro, all four 
 united, R. & A.272-3V25 B. IV4 fr. ; Hot. Intra; Agnello)^ a thriving 
 town of 5700 inhab., lies on alluvial soil between the mouths of 
 two torrents, the S. Giovanni and S. Bernardino, which supply the 
 numerous factories of the town with water-power. On the quay is 
 a marble statue of Garibaldi; in the Piazza del Teatro a bronze 
 statue of Victor Emanuel II., by Barsaglia. — On the lake, V2 M. 
 to theN., is the * Villa Barbb, with beautiful gardens, and ^/^ M. 
 beyond it is the * Villa Ada of Sign. Ceriani, also noteworthy for its 
 luxuriant vegetation (palms, huge eucalypti, etc.); to the S., the 
 Villa Ashburner (a red building in the Gothic style); farther on, on 
 the promontory of Castagnola, the Villa S. Remigio. 
 
 Pleasant walk from Intra to the N. by the new road (shaded short- 
 cuts for walkers), via Arizzano to (3V4 M.) Bee (1935'; "^Alb. Bee), with a 
 fine view of Lago Maggiore, and to (3 M.) Premeno (2600'; -Bdt.-Pens. Pre- 
 ■meno, finely situated). Above it (10 min.) is the Tornico, a platform laid 
 out in honour of Garibaldi, with a good spring and a beautiful view of 
 theAlps. About 1/4 hr. higher is the BellavUta , commanding the lake to 
 the E. and the beautiful and fertile Val Intragna to the W., with its 
 numerous villages. 
 
 To the S. of Intra the Punta della Castagnola, with the Gr.-Hot. 
 Eden (see below), stretches far into the lake. "When the steamer 
 has rounded the promontory and enters the wide W. bay of Lago 
 Maggiore, the *Borromean Islands are disclosed to view: near the 
 S. bank the Isola Bella. W. of it the Isola dei Pescatori, in the fore- 
 ground Isola Madre. The little Isola S. Giovanni, near Pallanza, 
 with its chapel , house , and gardens , is also one of the Borromean 
 Islands. Beyond the Isola dei Pescalori rises the blunt pyramid of 
 Mte. Motterone, with the hotel near the top ; farther "W. the white 
 quarries near Baveno are visible, while the picture is closed by the 
 snow-covered mountains between the Simplon and Monte Rosa. 
 
 Pallanza. — *Gkand Hotel Pallanza, a large house, finely situated 
 about V2 M. to the E., with several de'pendances and the Villa Montebello, 
 R., L., & A. 3'/2-12, B. 11/2, D. 5, warm bath 2V2, lake-bath IV2, pens. 
 in summer 7V2-12V2, in winter 7-IOV2 fr- ^ Grand Hotel Eden (formerly 
 Garoni), 3 min. farther, splendidly situated on the promontory of Castag- 
 nola, R., L., & A. 3V2-T, B. 11/2, lunch 3, D. 5, pens. 7-12, omnibus 1 fr. 
 — =-TosTA, on the lake (Engl, landlady), R., L., & A. 3, B. IV4 , D. 4, 
 pens. 5-8 fr. ; Hot. Milano, R. 2, D. incl. wine 31/2 fr., both near the 
 steamboat pier, with gardens on the lake; S. Gottakdo; ''Pens. Villa 
 Maggiore, R. 2, D. 3, pens. 5-6 fr. — '-"Cafi Bolongaro, near the landing- 
 place, Munich beer. 
 
 Diligence to Gravellona, 4 times daily, in 1 hr. (1 fr., banquette iVz ir.), 
 see pp. 441, 443; the Hotel Pallanza also sends a private omnibus (IV2 fr.). 
 
 Boats. With one rower to Isola Madre and back 2V2, with two 41/2 fr. ; 
 to Isola Bella and back 3'/2 or 6 fr. ; to both islands and back 4 or 7 fr. ; 
 to Stresa and back 31/2 or 6 fr. ; to Laveno and back 31/2 or 7 fr., etc. ; boat 
 without rower usually 1 fr. per hour. The hirer should ascertain the charge 
 before embarking. The hotels have boats of their own at similar charges. 
 
 Pallanza, a busy little town with 3200 inhab., is beautifully
 
 Maggiore. BAVENO. VII. Route 110. AZ^ 
 
 situated opposite tlie Borromean Islands and commands a fine view. 
 Opposite the steam\)oat pier is the market-place, with the town hall 
 (Municipio) and the church of 5. Leonardo (lower portion of cam- 
 panile of Roman origin). The street to the right leads past the 
 villas Branca^ Bozzottl (right), Montebello (left), the nursery-garden 
 of Rovelli (worth visiting; left) and the large hotels mentioned 
 above, then round the promontory of Castagnola to Intra. — In the 
 street leading to the N. from the market-place is the Post Office 
 (right) and at its end (left) the cliurch of Santo Stefano (to the left 
 of the gate a Roman inscription). Following straight on the broad 
 'Viale Principe Umberto', past the bathing estab. of Caprera ( alcaline 
 spring), we reach (V4 hr.) the domed church of the Madonna delta 
 Campagna, at the base of Monte Rosso (2273'). 
 
 Walk round Monte Rosso (3V2-4 hrs., fatiguing; no refreshm. except 
 bread and wine). From the Madonna dclla Campagna we follow the road 
 straight on and O/4 hr.) cross the S. Bernardino (p. 433; footpath up the 
 left bank); 20min., road from Intra, where we keep to the left; 6 min. 
 Trobaso^ in the village to the left; 12 min., cross-way : to the right to Unchio 
 (see below); to the left by a handsome bridge to the right bank of the 
 S. Bernardino and (1/4 hr.) Santino. Thence by a rough and stony path via 
 Q/ihv.) Bvieno to (1/2 hr.) Cavandone, passing the pilgrimage church below 
 the village; shortly afterwards opens the view of the lake; IV2 hr. Suna 
 (see below). — Following beyond Trobaso the road to the right, to(V4hr.) 
 Unchio and (40 min.) Cossogno (hei-e to the left by the -Via Solferino''), we 
 reach by stony paths the (1/4 hr.) '■Roman Bridge'' across the picturesque 
 gorge of the S. Bernardino. We may now ascend by flights of steps to the 
 (V4 hr.) church of Rovegro, where we turn to the right to the village and 
 ascend to the left (boy to show the way desirable) by stony paths over the 
 hill to (1 hr.) Santino (see above). 
 
 To the W. of Pallanza the road skirts the lake to (1 M.) Suna 
 (small boat station; *Fen3. Camenisch ; Alb. Pesce) and (3 >L) Fonda 
 Toce^ situated at the mouth of the impetuous Tosa (Toce)^ where a 
 road to the little Logo di Mergozzo diverges to the right ; thence 
 past the granite quarries of Mont' Orfano and by a five-arched bridge 
 over the Tosa to the railway station of GraveUona (p. 443 ; 6^/4 M. 
 from Pallanza; omnibus see p. 438). 
 
 The next steamboat station (seldom visited; small boat stat.) 
 is Feriolo, 2^ o M. from GraveUona (p. 443; omnibus from Stresa 
 see p. 441). The large granite quarries which border the hillside 
 fjrom Feriolo to Baveuo furnished tlio material for the columns in 
 Milan cathedral, the church of San Paolo Fuori le Mura at Rome, 
 and other buildings. The Stabilimcnto Nic. Delia Casa, where the 
 granite is worked, deserves a visit about 3/4M. to theW. of Baveno. 
 — Then — 
 
 Baveno. — 'Ghand Hotel Bellevue , R., L., & A. 5-7, D. 5 fr. ; 
 *Grand Hotel Baveno, R. from I'/a, D. 4, board 5 fr. ; both with beautiful 
 gardens; *BEAbRiVAGE , also with garden: *H6t.-Pens. Suisse, R. from 
 IV2, B. 1, lunch 2, D. 3, pens, from 5 fr. — Diligence to GraveUona (5 M.) 
 thrice daily in 40 min., SO c, coupe or banquette 1 fr. 20 c. 
 
 Rowing Boats to the Borromean Islands, same charges as from Stresa 
 (p. 441). Halfway between Baveno and Stresa is a ferry, where the charge 
 for the short crossing (10 min.) is 1-2 fr. 
 
 Baveno, with 700 inh. and a picturesque view of the Borromean
 
 440 Vn. Route 110. ISOLA BELLA. Lago 
 
 Islands, is well adapted for a stay of some time. The handsome Villa 
 Clara, on the E. side of the village, formerly the property of Mr. 
 Henfrey, was occupied by Queen Victoria for three weeks in April, 
 1879, and for a month by the invalid Crown Prince of Germany in 
 Oct.-Nov. 1887 (no admission). 
 
 The steamer now approaches the — 
 
 *Borromean Islands, and touches (on some trips only] at the 
 westernmost, the Isola Superiore or dei Pescatori^ and then (always) 
 at the Isola Bella, the southernmost, which, with the Isola Madre, 
 belongs to the Borromeo family. The scenery around the Borromean 
 Islands rivals that of the Lake of Como in grandeur, and perhaps 
 surpasses it in richness. Visitors are admitted to Isola Bella and 
 Isola Madre from 15th March to 15th Nov. daily from 9 a.m. to 3, 
 4 or 5 p.m., according to the season. 
 
 In the splendour-loving, but tasteless 17th cent. , Count Vitaliano 
 Borromeo (d. 1690) erected a chateau on *Isola Bella, and converted 
 the barren mica -slate rock into beautiful gardens, rising on ten 
 terraces 100' above the lake, and displaying all the wealth of Italian 
 vegetation : lemon-trees, cedars, magnolias, cypresses, orange-trees, 
 laurels , magnificent camellias and oleanders , etc. (evening light 
 best for the beautiful view). The grounds are disfigured with shell- 
 grottoes, fountains (dry), mosaics, and statues in the style of the 
 period. Travellers from the north cannot fail to be struck with the 
 loveliness of the banks, studded with innumerable dwellings, and 
 clothed with luxuriant vegetation (chestnuts, mulberries, vines, 
 figs, olives), and of the deep -blue lake, enhanced by the snow- 
 monntains in the background. The large Chateau, the N. wing of 
 which is unfinished , contains handsome saloons , a collection of 
 pictures, a chapel with tombs of the Borromeo family of 1485 and 
 1575, transferred hither from Milan, a gallery with valuable gobe- 
 lins, etc. The view through the arches of the long galleries under 
 the chateau is curious. A servant attends visitors in the chateau 
 (fee 60 c, 1 fr. for a party), and the well-informed gardener shows 
 the grounds for a similar fee. Adjoining the chateau are the *H6t. 
 du Dauphin or Delfino (R., L., & A. 3, D. 4, pens. 7 fr.), and the 
 Ristor. del Vapore. Boat to Isola Madre and back with two rowers 3fr. 
 
 The *Isola Madre (not a steamboat station) is on its S. side 
 laid out in seven terraces, with lemon and orange-trelHses. On the 
 highest terrace is an uninhabited Palazzo , with a beautiful view. 
 On the N. side are delightful grounds , with luxuriant vegetation 
 (gardener 1 fr.). — The Isola dei Pescatori or Superiore (Hot.- 
 Ristor. d' Italia, pens. 5-6 fr. , well spoken of) is also worth visiting 
 for the sake of the picturesque views it commands. The island is 
 almost entirely occupied by a fishing-village (300 inh.). 
 
 Opposite Isola Bella, on the W. bank lies — 
 
 Stresa. — "'Hotel des Iles BoRROMfiES (Omarinfs), V2 M. from the 
 landing-place, comfortable, with a fine garden, R., L,, & A. from 4, B. IV2,
 
 Maggiore. MTE. MOTTERONE. T77. Boufc 7 70. 441 
 
 D. 5, pens, with R. 9-12, omnibus 1 fr. ; Hotel Milan, with a small garden 
 on the lake, near the pier, R., L., & A. 4-5'/2, L). 5, board 6-7 fr. \ Albeego 
 Reale Bolongaro, on the lake, Italian, well spoken of, R., L., & A. Q'/'a 
 B. 1, Lunch 3, D. 4, pens. 7 fr. -, Italia & Pension Suisse, R., L., & A. 
 from 21/2, board 5 fr. ; Albekgo S. Gottabdo, R. from IV2, pens. 5-6 fr. ; 
 these three second-class, but very fair. 
 
 Boat (barca) with one rower 2 fr. for the first hour, and 50 c. for each 
 additional half-hour (comp. p. 438). — Diligence to Gravellona (71/2 M.; 
 p. 443) thrice daily in IV4 hr. •, 1 fr. 20, coupe or banquette 1 fr. 80 c. 
 
 Stresa, with 1300 inh. and numerous villas of the Italian aristo- 
 cracy, lies in a cooler situation than the other places on Lago Maggiore 
 and is therefore preferable for a stay during the hot season. The 
 Villa Ducale. adjoining the Alb. Milano to the W., is the property 
 of the Duchess of Genoa; a new mansion in the park is the summer 
 residence of her son, the Duke of Genoa. — The handsome JSos- 
 minian Monastery (875'), on the hillside 1/2 ^^' to ^^^ S. of the 
 town, is now a school. The church contains the monument of Ant. 
 Rosmini (d. 1855), with an admirable statue by Vela. The terrace 
 in front of the church commands a charming view of the islands, 
 Pallanza, and Intra. Beautiful cypresses in the churchyard. On 
 the lake, 1/2 M- to t^^e S., are the beautifully situated Villa Palla- 
 vicino and 1/4 M. farther the Villa Vignolo, with fine gardens (visit- 
 ors admitted). 
 
 From Baveno ok Stresa to the Monte Motterone, 3V2-4 hrs. ; guide 
 (convenient for the last third of the ascent) 5 fr. ; mule 5fr., with guide 
 8fp. ; mountain vehicle with one horse from Stresa to the Albergo Al- 
 pino 10 fr. — The route from Baveno ascends mostly through wood by 
 Eomanico^ Campino, Someraro (1500"), where it is joined by a route diverg- 
 ing from the Baveno and Stresa road opposite the Isola Bella, to the 
 (13/4-2 hrs.) hamlet of Levo fl915' ; "Hot. Levo, pens. 6-7 fr.). A path leads 
 hence to the left to the Albergo Alpino (25min.; see below). The path 
 to the Motterone steadily ascends over pastures, past the Alpe Giardino 
 (305S') to the (1 hr.) chapel of >S'. Eurosia (36S5'), without a tower, where 
 we turn to the right; 20 min. Alpe del Mottarotie, surrounded by fine 
 beeches and elms ; 30 min. Albergo Mottarone (see below). — From Stresa 
 we follow a carriage road diverging from the high-road to the E. of the 
 Hotel des lies Borromees; 1 hr. Ristorante Zanini , a chalet on an open 
 meadow, beyond which a finger-post directs us to the right to Levo (see 
 above). The carriage-road proceeds straight on to Gignese^ but before reach- 
 ing this village (25 min. from the Ristor. Zanini) a narrow road diverges 
 to the right to the (15 min.) "Albergo Alpino (2525'-, pens. 71/2-8 fr.), with 
 view of Pallanza, Intra, and Baveno. Hence we ascend over pastures, past the 
 Alpe del Mottarone (see above), to the (13/4 hr.) -Alhrgo Mottarone, kept by 
 the brothers Ouirjlelmina (4675'; R., L., &:. A. 3, D. IV2, lunch 31/2, pens. incl. 
 W. 9fr.), 10 min. below the grassy summit of the *Monte Motterone or 
 Mottarone (4892'), the highest elevation of the Margozzolo group of hills. 
 The view from the top (Panorama by Bossoli, in the hotel) embraces the 
 Alps from the Col di Tenda and Monte Viso on the W., to the Ortler and 
 Adamello on the E. (Panorama by Bossoli, in the hotel). The most conspic- 
 uous feature is the Mte. Rosa group; to the right of it appear the Cima di 
 Jazzi, Strahlhorn. Rimpfischhorn, Allalinhorn, Alphubel, Mischabel (Tasch- 
 horn, Dom, Nadelhnrn), Pizzo Bottarello, Portjengrat, Bietschhorn, Mte. 
 Leone, Jungfrau, Helsenhorn, Fiescherhorner; then more distant, to the E. 
 of the peak of Mte. Zeda, the mountains of the Rheinwald group, Ber- 
 nina, Disgrazia, Mte. Legnone, Mte. Generoso, Mte. Grigna. At our feet 
 lie seven lakes, those of Orta, Mergozzo, Maggiore, Biandrone, Varese, 
 Monate, and Comabbio; farther to the right stretch the great plains of 
 Lombardy and Piedmont, with Milan and its lofty cathedral iu the centre.
 
 442 VII. Route 110. ARONA. 
 
 The silvery Ticino and Sesia meander through the plains, and bj^ a singular 
 optical delusion seem to traverse a lofty table-land. TheMotterone consists 
 of a number of bare peaks, studded with a few chalets among tall trees; 
 its base is encircled with chestnut-trees, and the surrounding plain is also 
 well wooded. 
 
 On the W. side a path, rather steep at places fguide advisable), des- 
 cends direct to (2 hrs.) Omeg7ia (rail, stat., see p. 443j. — Travellers bound 
 for Orta (41/4 hrs.) soon reach on the S. side of the hill a broad bridle- 
 path (guide unnecessary) descending by Cheggino (2U0') to (21/2 hrs.) Armeno 
 (1720'; Alb. al Mottarone) on the high-road, which they follow to the S. 
 From (12 min.) the point where the road forks, the left branch leads to 
 Miasino (p. 443), the right by Carcegna^ crossing the railway to Gravellona 
 (the station ot Orta-Miasino lying on the left), to (4 M.) Orta (p. 443). 
 
 The banks now become flatter; to tbe W. appears Monte Rosa. 
 The next place on the W. bank is Belgirate (*Gr. Hot. Belgirate ; 
 TOOinhab.), with the villas Fontana, Principessa Matilda, etc. 
 Then Lesa and Meina (Alb. Zanetta) on the W., and Angera (rail- 
 way station) on the E. bank, with a handsome chateau of Count 
 Borromeo. 
 
 Arona (738'; pop. 3700 ; '*Albergo Reale d Italia ^ Posta; *Alb. 
 S. Oottardo, moderate, both on the quay; Ancora, behind the 
 S. Gottardo ; Caffe della Stazione; Cafe next the Alb. Reale; 
 Cafe du Lac, at the harbour), an old town on the W. bank of 
 the lake, about 3 M. from its S. end, extends up the slope of the 
 hill. In the principal church, S. Maria, is the chapel of the Bor- 
 romeo family, to the right of the high-altar, containing an *Altar- 
 piece, the Holy Family, by Gaudenzio Ferrari, of 1511. 
 
 On a commanding height 1/2 ^^- to ^^^ N., is a colossal Statue 
 of S. Carlo, 70' high, resting on a pedestal 43' high, erected in 
 1697 in honour of the famous cardinal , Count Carlo Borromeo, 
 Archbishop of Milan, who was born here in 1538 (d. 1584, canonis- 
 ed 1610). The head, hands, and feet of the statue are of bronze, the 
 robe of wrought copper. Ascent in the interior disagreeable (50 c.). 
 Relics of S. Carlo are preserved in the neighbouring Church, near 
 which is a large Seminary for Priests. 
 
 From Arona to Milan, 42 M., railway in 21/4 - 2V2 brs. (6 fr. 80, 4 fr. 
 55, 2fr. 65 c.). The most important stations are Seslo-Calende and (17 M.) 
 Gallarate, the junction of the lines from Varese and Laveno (p. 488). 
 
 111. From Domodossola to Novara. Lake of Orta. 
 
 56 M. Railway in 31/2 brs.; fares 10 fr. 30, 7 fr. 15, 4 fr. 60 c; — to 
 Gravellona, the station for the Lago Maggiore (omnibus to Pallanza and 
 Stresa, see pp. 438, 441), 20 M., in IV4 hr.; fares 3 fr. 70, 2 fr. 55, 1 fr. 65 c. 
 
 Domodossola, see p. 303. — The line runs straight along the 
 foot of the cliffs bounding the Val d'Ossola to the W., on the right 
 bank of the Tosa or Toce, which divides into numerous rivulets and 
 fills with its broad gravelly bed the whole bottom of the valley. — At 
 (33/4 M.) Villa, or Villadossola, the Val Antrona (p. 303) opens on the 
 right. — Near (5 M.) Pallameno (750') the railway skirts the Tosa 
 for a short distance, and then traverses a broad grassy expanse. At
 
 ORTA. Vn. Route HI. 443 
 
 (63/4 M.) Piedimulera (800'; *H6t. Piediaiulera) the VaL Anzasca 
 opens on the right (to Macugnaga, see p. 329). The railway crosses 
 the Anza to (8 M.) Rumianca and the Tosa to (81/2 M.) Vogogna 
 (740'; *Corona), a small town at the foot of steep rocks, with a 
 ruined castle. — 10 Y2 M. Premosello. Beyond (13 M.) Cuzzago we 
 cross the Tosa by a bridge, 515' yds. in length, and reach (1572^^0 
 Ornavasso (Italia; Croce Bianca). The marble quarries on the hill 
 to the left belong to the cathedral-chapter of Milan. At (I8I/2 M.) 
 Gravellona, or GravelLona-Toce (^RaUway-Restaur. ; Inns in(}dnex- 
 ent), a place with large cotton-mills, the Strona falls into the Tosa. 
 Travellers bound for the Lago Maggiore descend here (road to Pal- 
 lanza^ 6^/4 M., via Fondotoce and Suna, see p. 439 ; omnibus see 
 p. 439 ; road to Baveno, 5 M., yiaFeriolo, and to Stresa, see p. 439 ; 
 omnibus see p. 441). 
 
 The railway to Novara runs to the S. through the fertile valley of 
 the Strona. Beyond (21 M.) CrusmaZ/o it crosses the river and imme- 
 diately afterwards the Nigulia Canal which drains the Lake of Orta. 
 
 23 M. Omegna (Alb. Manin; Croce Bianca)^ a thriving little 
 town with a large paper-mill, at the N. extremity of the Lago d'Orta 
 (950'), a charming lake 71/2 ^^' in length, now called Lago Cusio 
 after its dubious ancient name. — The train skirts the lake, com- 
 manding beautiful views. Beyond (261/2 M.) Pettenasco it crosses 
 the Pescone and then the imposing Sassina Viaduct. 
 
 28 1/2 -^1- Orta, also the station for Miasino. — The Station is 
 about 1 M. above Ortaj at the exit, we keep to the left, pass below the 
 railway and walk straight on, past the (1/2 M.) Villa Crespi, in the Moorish 
 style, beyond which, to the right, a tinger-post shows the way to the 
 Monte d'Urta and the (1/4 hr.) Alb. Belvedere. 
 
 Hotels. 'Albergo Belvedere, in a commanding position at the W. 
 brink of the Monte d'Orta, R. & A. 3, D. 4 fr. — Alb. S. (jIdlio, Alb. Orta, 
 both 11/4 M. from the railway station, in the market-place on the l;!ke. 
 
 The little town of Orta, essentially consisting of a small Piazza 
 opening towards the lake and a long and narrow street, with a 
 number of pretty villas extending towards the station, lies op- 
 posite the little Isola S. Giulio at the foot of the finely wooded. 
 Monte d'Orta (1315') which protrudes far into the lake. Ascent 
 halfway between the town and the station (see above), or from the 
 Piazza through the garden of the Villa Natta (50 c). In the 16th 
 cent., 20 chapels were erected on this hill in honour of St. Francis 
 of Assisi, each containing a scene from his history in painted life- 
 size figures of terracotta (the best in the 13th, I6th, and 20th cha- 
 pels; in the last is represented the canonisation of the saint). The 
 hill, which is also called the Sacro Monte or Santuario, is laid out 
 as a park. Various points command cliarming views of the lake, and 
 from the Campanile on the highest point we enjoy a panorama, which 
 is dominated to the W. by the snowy head of xVIonte Rosa (50 c). 
 
 Boat to the Isola S. Giulio, there and back 1 fr. 50 c. The church, 
 founded by St. Julius, who came from Greece in 379 to convert the natives, 
 and frequently restored, contains several good reliefs, old frescoes, and 
 a line Romanesque pulpit; in the sacristy is a Madonna by Gaudenzio Fer-
 
 444 VII. Route 111. COL DI COLMA. 
 
 pari, and in tlie crypt below the high-altar a shrine of crystal and silver 
 containing the body of St. Julius. Un the hill is a seminary for priests, 
 with a garden affording charming views of the lake. 
 
 Picturesque excursions may be made from Orta to the (1 hr.) Madonna 
 della Bocciola (1565'), situated on the hill above the station; to the S. to 
 the (I1/4 hr.) Torre di Buccione (1500' ; an ancient watch-tower dating from 
 Emp. Frederick Barbarossa) at the S. end of the lake (IV4 hr.; boat to 
 Bticcione lV2fr.), both points commanding good views. By Pella (see 
 below) to (1/2 hr.) Alzo^ with extensive granite-quarries (branch-railway 
 from Gozzano, see below) and to (i hr.) the Madonna de, Sasso (2090'), 
 the pretty church of the hamlet of Boletto, on a lofty cliff, commanding 
 a fine survey of the entire lake. 
 
 From Orta to the Motterone (4-5 hrs.), via Carcegno, Armeno, and 
 Cheggino^ see p. 442; guide 6 fr., mule 10 fr. 
 
 Beautiful views of the lake as we proceed. In the centre lies 
 the island of 5. Giulio (p. 443), and on the steep cliffs of the W. 
 bank is the church of Madonna del Sasso (see above). Beyond [30 M.) 
 Corconio, the train traverses a cutting on the W. side of the Castello 
 di Buccione (see above) and quits the Lake of Orta. 32 M. Bolzano. 
 331/2 M. Gozzano , a place of considerable size, is the junction for 
 Alzo (see above). We now traverse the fertile Val d'Agogna. 37 M. 
 Borgomanero (Alb. del Ramo Secco), 71/2 M, to the S."W. of Arona 
 (p. 442). — 41 M. Cressa-Fontaneto ; 43 M. Suno; 461/2 M. Momo ; 
 51 M. Caltignaga; 54 M. Vignale; 56 M. Novara. From Novara 
 to Milan (p. 455), railway in i^/4^\ir.] to Laveno (p. 437) in 172^i"- 
 Comp. Baedeker's Northern Italy. 
 
 From Orta over the Colma to Varallo, 4^2 trs., a beauti- 
 ful walk (donkey 6, to the Colma 3 fr.; guide, 5 fr., unnecessary). 
 On the W. bank of the lake, opposite Orta, peep the white houses 
 of Fella {Pesce d'Oro, unpretending) from amidst vines, chest- 
 nuts, and walnuts. (Boat from Orta 172fr.) The path to the Colma 
 crosses the Pellino at the upper end of the village, beside a paper- 
 mill, and ascends steeply. At the (12min.) cross-roads we take the 
 level path to the left to (20 min.) a mill, above which we cross a 
 brook descending on the right. A paved path now ascends steeply 
 to (40 min.) Arola (2020'), which commands a lovely view in the 
 direction of the lake of Orta. We turn to the left 5 min. beyond the 
 village, descend a little, and then keep on for i/o ^r. on the same 
 level, skirting the gorge of the Pellino, which here forms a pretty 
 waterfall. "We next ascend through wood, over crumbling blocks of 
 granite, to the (3/4 hr.) wooded Col di Colma (3090'). The eminence 
 to the left commands a splendid view, embracing Monte Rosa, the 
 lakes of Orta and Yarese, and the plain of Lombardy. In descending 
 (to the right), we overlook the fertile Val Sesia, with its numerous 
 villages. The path leads through groves of chestnuts and walnuts to 
 (3/4hr.) Civiasco (2350'; several taverns), whence a new road (short- 
 cut by the old path descending to the left), the first part of which 
 affords a view of Mte. Rosa, leads to (3/4 hr.) — 
 
 Varallo (1480'; pop. 2300 ; *Italia, R. & A. 31/2, D.4 fr. ; '^Croce
 
 VARALLO. VII. Route HI. 4.^^ 
 
 Bianco, good cuisine; Postd), the capital of the Val Sesia and ter- 
 minus of the line Novara-Borgosesia-Varallo, at the mouth of the 
 Mastallone, here crossed by a stone bridge. The Sesia is crossed by 
 a suspension bridge near the railway station. The Piazza Vitt. Ema- 
 nuele, at the entrance to the town from the station, is embellished 
 by a monument to Victor Emmanuel. Over the high-altar of the col- 
 legiate church of S. Gaudenzio is a Marriage of St. Catharine by 
 Gaudenzio Ferrari (1484-1549), a native of the neighbouring Val 
 Duggia. The church of S. Maria delle Grazie contains frescoes by 
 the same master, in the choir. His statue in marble, by Delia Ve- 
 dova, stands near the church. — A paved road, shaded by fine chest- 
 nut-trees, ascends hence past the church of S. Maria di Loreto 
 (above the portal, a fresco by Gaud. Ferrari, the Adoration of the 
 Child) in 20 min. to the Sacro Monte [Santuario di Varallo ; 1995'), 
 a great resort of pilgrims and sight-seers. On the top of the hill and 
 on its slopes are a church and 46 chapels, or oratories, containing 
 scenes from the life of the Saviour in painted life-size figures of 
 terracotta, beginning with the Fall in the 1st chapel, and ending 
 with the Entombment of the Virgin in the 46th, dating mostly from 
 the end of the 16th cent. The hill now belongs to the town (Inn and 
 Caf^ at the top). 
 
 Varallo is a capital starting-point for excursions into the very at- 
 tractive and easily accessible valleys in the vicinity. 
 
 From Vaeallo via Fobello to Pontegkande (and Macugnaga), 9hrs., 
 guide hardly necessary. A road ascends the pretty Val Mastallone, passing 
 the (3 M.) picturesque Ponte della Gula, to (IOV2 M.) Fohello (2887'; 
 "Posta; Italia); thence hj Boco, Plana, S. Maria, and Giavino to the (3 hrs.) 
 Col di Baranca (5970') , with a chapel and an *Inn. Steep descent, with 
 pretty views of the Val Anzasca, through the VaW Ollocchia to Bannio and 
 (3 hrs.) Pontegrande (p. 829). 
 
 Fbom Varallo through the Val Sesia to Alagna (23 M.). Omnibus 
 daily at 1 p.m. in 5 hrs. The road ascends the fertile valley, on the left 
 bank of the Sesia, by Vahnaggia and Vocca to (5 M.) Balmuccia (1900'), 
 at the influx of the Sermenza. 
 
 [A road ascends the picturesque Val Sermenza (Yalle Piccolo) by 
 (iV2M.) Boccioleio [2iBS' ; 'Pens.-Rest. della Fenice) and. Ferrera, to (Vzhr.) 
 Fervento (Restaur. Valle Sermenza), and thence a bridle-path leads to(lhr.) 
 Eimasco (2970'; two inns; the upper is the better), where the valley di- 
 vides: in the branch to the right (E.; Val d'Fgua) lies (2 hrs.) Carco/oro 
 (4280'; Monte Moro, plain), and in the Val Piccola to the left (W.) are 
 Rima S. Giuseppe and (2 hrs.) Rima (4650; 'Albergo Tagliaferro). From 
 Caecofoeo to Pontegrande over theCold'Egua (7336') ani Col di Baranca 
 (see above), 6-7 hrs., with guide, interesting; to Pestaeena over the Pass© 
 della Moriana (about 8180'), 6 hrs., with guide, fatiguing; to Macugnaga 
 over the Col della Bottiglia (8765'), 7 hrs., with guide, also fatiguing (descent 
 through the Val Qi/ara:za, p. 334). — From Rima (see above) to Macugnaga 
 over the Passo di Rima {Col del Piccolo Altare; 8630'), 6 hrs., a new bridle- 
 path (opened in 1893); to Carcoforo over the Bocchetta del Termu (1100'), 
 4V2hrs.; to Alagna over the Colle Moud or the .Socc/ieWa J/oawc/a, see p.335.J 
 
 The road, following the left bank of the Sesia, next leads by Scopa 
 (Albergo Topini), Scopello (Alb. Deblasi ; Valsesia), Pila, Piode, and Cam- 
 pertogno to (10 M.) Mollia (2887'; -Alb. Vahesiano). Thence through the 
 narrowring valley to (5' ? M.) Riva Valdobbia (3628'; 'Hot. delle Alpi), with 
 an elaborately decorated church, beautifully situated, where several peaks 
 of Monte Rosa become visible to the N., and (21/2 M.) Alagna (p. 334).
 
 446 
 
 112. From Luino on Lago Maggiore to Menaggio 
 on the Lake of Como. Lake of Lugano. 
 
 Comp. Maps, pp. 434, 448. 
 
 Railway (Steam Teajiwat) from Luino to Ponte Tresa in 1 hr. (2 fr. 
 65, 1 fr. 45 c). Steamer from Ponte Tresa to Lugano in I3/4, to Porlezza 
 in 23/4 hrs. (4 fr. 50, 2 fr. 70 c.)- Railway from Porlezza to Menaggio in 
 I hr. (2 fr. 65, 1 fr. 45 c). Through-tickets 9 fr. 80, 5 fr. 60 c; return, 
 Sunday, and circular tickets at a reduced rate (to be had on board any of 
 the steamers). — Swiss custom-house examination on board the steamers 
 on the Lake of Lugano, Italian custom-house at Porlezza or Ponte Tresa. 
 
 Luino, see p. 436. The station of the steam-tramway adjoins 
 the landing-place. The train crosses the St. Gotthard railway near 
 the Luino station, and at stat. Creva, a manufacturing place, reaches 
 the Tresa, the river descending from the Lake of Lugano, which 
 falls into the Lago Maggiore at Germignaga (p. 437). After winding 
 up the abrupt right bank of the Tresa, the train crosses the river, 
 which here forms the boundary between Switzerland and Italy, 
 passes through two tunnels, and stops at Cremenaga (833'). It then 
 follows the left bank, affording pretty views of picturesque villages 
 and churches, to stat. Ponte Tresa, on the Italian side of the river. 
 The village of that name, on the Swiss side, lies on a bay of the 
 Lake of Lugano which is so enclosed by mountains that it looks like 
 a complete little lake in itself. 
 
 The Lugano Road (6 M.), which may also be recommended to ped- 
 estrians, crosses the VaUesina to (I72 M.) Magliaso, and, skirting the lake 
 at places, with the Monte S. Salvatore on the right, leads to (I72 M.) Agno 
 (96o'). Crossing the stream of that name, and passing the little Lake of 
 Muzzano, we graduallv ascend to the Restaurant du Jardin in Sorengo 
 (p. 427), and descend to (2V2 M.) Lugano fp. 426). 
 
 Steamboat Journey. The vessel steers through the Slretto or 
 strait of Lavena (with the abrupt Mte. Caslano, 1710', on the left), 
 and enters the W. arm of the Lake of Lugano (890' ; Ital. Lago 
 Ceresio), where the wooded banks are somewhat monotonous. To 
 the N. we soon obtain a fine view of the bay of Agno (see above), 
 with high mountains behind it (Mte. Tamaro, Mte. Bigorio, etc.). 
 The steamer turns to the S., passing Figino on the left (with Mte, 
 S. Salvatore and its chapel in the distance, p. 428), and touches 
 at Brusimpiano on the right. Farther on we skirt the wooded 
 slopes of the Mte. Arbostora (27b0'') on the left, at the foot of which 
 runs a road to Lugano (p. 427). In a bay of the S. bank lies Porto or 
 Porto-Ceresio. (Diligence to Varese twice daily in I1/4 hr., p. 437.) 
 
 The steamer turns to the N., to Morcote (^Hotel-Pens. Baggi- 
 Kauffmann, pens. 5fr.), with a picturesque church, prettily situated 
 on the S. angle of Mte. Arbostora. We follow the W. bank ; Brusin- 
 Arsizio lies on the right, and the long indented crest of Mte. Gene- 
 roso soon appears (p. 430). The vessel touches at Melide on the W. 
 and at Bissone on the E. bank, and passes through the railway via- 
 duct (picturesque view through the arch). Then Campione, on the 
 E. bank (interesting old frescoes in the church of the Madonna
 
 OSTENO. VII. Route 112. 447 
 
 deirAnnunziata). To the left rises Mte. S. Salvatore (p. 428), to 
 the right Mte. Caprino (p. 429). 
 
 Lugano, see p. 426 (the station of the St. Gotthard Railway lies 
 high above the town, 1 M. from the steamboat-pier). 
 
 Between Lugano and S. Mamette is the finest part of the lake. 
 On theN. bank is Castagnola, most picturesquely situated at the foot 
 of Mte. Bre (p. 428); then Gandria (Pens.), with its gardens borne by 
 lofty arcades and its vine-terraces. Beyond this point the lake as- 
 sumes a wilder and lonelier character. The next villages are fl.) 
 Bellarma (frontier); Oria with the Villa Bianci; Albogasio; and 
 S. Mamette (Stella d' Italia)., beautifully situated at the mouth of 
 the picturesque ValSolda, yfith Castello high above it (p. 429). The 
 S. bank is wooded and abrupt. To the left Loggio, Cresogno, and 
 Cima, opposite which (S.) lies Osteno (Hotel du Bateau; Rest, della 
 Grotta)^ mvLoh frequented on account of its gorge (return-ticket 2 fr. 
 35 c, ; tickets for the grotto are sold on board the steamer, 75 c). 
 
 The 'Grotto of Osteno {Orrido or Pescara, 'fisherman's gorge') is 7 min. 
 from the landing-place. We pass through the village ; outside the gate we 
 descend to the right before the stone bridge, and cross the brook. The 
 mouth of the gorge, in which there is a small waterfall, is near a pro- 
 jecting rock (Restaurant). Visitors embark in a small boat and enter the 
 grotto, the bottom of which is occupied by the brook. The narrow ravine 
 through which we thread our way is curiously hollowed out by the water. 
 Far above, the roof is formed by overhanging bushes, between which glimp- 
 ses of blue sky are obtained. The gorge is terminated by a waterfall. — 
 The Tufa Grottoes of Rescia, though much less interesting, may also be 
 visited at ample time (1 hr. there and back). Boat (with two rowers, 
 there and back 2 fr. each) round the promontory to the E. of Osteno in 
 1/4 hr. to the hamlet of Rescia; thence by a narrow path to the grottoes in 
 5 min. (adm. and torches 1/2 fr.). The dome-shaped grottoes, encrusted 
 with calcareous sinter and stalactites , are connected by a low passage 
 (caution necessary). From the second is seen a small waterfall in a gorge. 
 In the vicinity are tufa quarries, containing interesting fossils. 
 
 A new road leads from Osteno to the S.W. to (G M.) Lanzo d'Intelvi 
 (3117'; Caffi Centrale^ moderate, de'j. 2 fr.); 11/4 M. above is situated the 
 ''H6t. Belvedere (pens- 8-10 fr.), a pleasant spot for some stay, with a fine 
 view of the Lake of Lugano and the Alps with JIte. Rosa (English Church 
 Service in summer; English physician). [Those whose destination is the 
 Hotel Belvedere take the footpath to the right, about 2/4 M. before reach- 
 ing Lanzo, which soon joins the road ascending to the hotel.] A road also 
 leads to Lanzo from Maroggia (9 M.; see p. 430), and another from Argegno 
 on the Lake of Como (I2V2M.; see p. 452). INear Lanzo (20 min.) are the 
 baths of ParaviKO. Bridle-path to Mte. Generoso (p. 431), 51/2 hrs. 
 
 The N. bank of the lake now becomes rocky and precipitous. 
 At the N. end of this bay lies Porlezza {Alh. del Lago^ indifferent), 
 with the Italian custom-house. Boat to Lugano 10-12 fr. 
 
 From Porlezza to Menaggio. The station of the tramway 
 (comp. p. 446) is close to the landing-place. The train runs 
 through the broad valley of the Cuccione, by Tavordo, S. PietrOj and 
 Piano, and past the little Lago del Piano, and then ascends more 
 rapidly (4: 100) by Grona and Bene to stat. Grandola (1260'), the 
 highest point on the line, 610' above the Lake of Como. It now 
 descends on the lofty right bank of the Val Sanagra in numerous 
 curves, the line being hewn in the rock in many places and sup-
 
 448 VII. Route 113. LAKE OF COMO. 
 
 ported by buttresses of masonry. Beyond a tunnel 110 yds. long 
 the line takes a long bend towards the S., affording a delightful 
 view of the Lake of Como, with its luxuriantly fertile banks, 
 sprinkled with towns, villages, and villas, and enclosed by high 
 mountains. To the right are the beautiful peninsula of Bellagio 
 and the bay of Lecco. After running towards the S. for about V2^'f- » 
 the train turns back at a sharp angle and descends rapidly (5 : 100) 
 to Menaggio (p. 449), where the terminus is close to the steamboat- 
 pier and the Hotel Menaggio. (The village of Menaggio has a pier 
 of its own, see below.) 
 
 113. The Lake of Como. 
 
 steamboat thrice daily from Colico to Como in 3V2-5 hrs. (5 times 
 from Bellagio to Como, and 8 times from Torriggia to Como); thrice be- 
 tween Colico and Lecco (33/4-AV2 brs.), and tbrice between Como and Lecco 
 C3'/2 brs.). Stations : Colico (pier), Lomaso, Gravedona (pier), Dongo (pier), 
 Musso , Cremia, Dervio , Rezzonico, Acquaseria, Bellano (pier), Varenna 
 (pier), Menaggio-Bridge (pier), Menaggio-Station (pier), Bellagio (pier), Ca- 
 denabbia (pier), S. Giovanni <£• Tremezzo (pier), Azzano, Lenno, Lezze?io 
 & Campo, Sola, Argegno (pier), Kesso, Torriggia, Pognana, Palamo, Carate 
 (pier), Urio, Torno, Moltrasio, Blevio ^ Cernobbio (pier), Como (pier). Em- 
 barkation and landing free (the tickets have a coupon which is given to the 
 boatman). Those who embark at intermediate stations must procure a 
 ticket at the pier; otherwise they are liable to be charged for the whole 
 distance from Como or Colico. Some of these stations are often passed 
 without stopping, and the advertised hours are not rigidly adhered to. 
 Some of the boats are handsome saloon steamers, with good restaurants. 
 
 Railway on the E. bank from Bellano (p. 449) to Lecco (15 M.), of no 
 particular interest for tourists. Numerous tunnels and viaducts. 
 
 Boats (barclie). First hour lV2fr., for each additional hour 1 fr. per rower. 
 From Bellagio to Cadenabbia and back, or vice versa, each rower 2V2 fr. ; 
 Bellagio to Tremezzo,Bellagio to Menaggio, and Bellagio to Varenna also2V2fr. 
 each rower. — One rower generally suffices, unless time is limited. If a second 
 proffers his services, he may be dismissed with : ^basta uno'' (one is enough). 
 The boatmen reduce their fares when customers are not numerous. The 
 following phrases may be useful: ^Quanto volete per una corsa d'un ora (di 
 due ore)? Siamo due (tre, quattro) persone. E troppo., vi darb un franco (due 
 franchiy, etc. — The boatmen generally expect a fee (buonamano) of 1/2- 
 1 fr. in addition to the fare. 
 
 The *Lake of Como (700'), Ital. Lago di Como, or II Lario, the 
 Lacus Larius of the Romans, extolled by Virgil (Georg. ii. 159), 
 is by many considered the most beautiful lake in N. Italy. From 
 the N. end to Como it is 30 M. in length ; between Menaggio and 
 Varenna, its broadest part, it is nearly 21/2 M. in breadth ; and its 
 greatest depth is 1930'. At Bellagio (p. 450) the lake divides into 
 two arms, the Lake of Como (W.) and that of Lecco (E.). The Adda 
 falls into the lake at the N. end and emerges from it again at Lecco. 
 
 Numerous gay villas of the Milanese aristocracy, with luxuriant gardens 
 and vineyards, are scattered along the banks of the lake, and above these 
 extend groves of chestnuts and walnuts of brilliant green, contrasting strongly 
 with the dull-gray tint of the olive, which to the unaccustomed eye re- 
 sembles the willow. The mountains rise to a height of 1000'. The scenery 
 of the lake, viewed from the steamboat , somewhat resembles that of a 
 vast river, the banks on both sides being distinguishable. The lake is 
 well stocked with fish, such as the palatable Utile *■ Ago ni\ and trout of 20 lbs. 
 weight are occasionally captured.

 
 Lake of Como. 
 
 GKAVEDONA. VH. Route 113. M^ 
 
 Eastern Bank. 
 
 Colico (Isola Bella; Hot. Risi), 
 at the N. extremity of the lake, 
 see p. 377. 
 
 Oyliasca, Doric, and Corenno, 
 with a ruined castle. 
 • Dervio lies at the mouth of the 
 Varrone, and at the foot of Monte 
 Legnone and its spur, the Monte 
 Legnoncino (5680'). 
 
 Monte Legnone (8565'), the highest 
 mountain of Lombardy, may be as- 
 cended hence in 7 hrs. (with guide ; 
 fatiguing). In the afternoon we mount 
 to (2 hrs.) Sueglio, on the slope of 
 Mte. Legnoncino, where quarters for 
 the night and guides are found ; thence 
 by Introzzo and Aveno to the (3 hrs.) 
 Club Hut at the Porta dei Merli, and 
 the (1 hr.) summit, with magnificent 
 view. The ascent on the N. side, 
 from. Delebio (p. 414), is easier: bridle- 
 path through the Val delta Lesina to 
 the (4 hrs.) Alp Cappello, and over 
 the Bocchetta di Legnone in 3 hrs. 
 to the summit. 
 
 Bellano (Roma ; Bellano) with 
 3000 inh. and important mann- 
 factories and ironworks, the tem- 
 porary terminus of the Lecco and 
 Colico line (p. 448), lies at the 
 mouth of the industrious Val Sas- 
 sina, through which a bridle-path 
 leads to Taceno (road thence via 
 Introbbio to Lecco). A little 
 above its influx into the lake the 
 Pioverna forms a waterfall 200' 
 high I^Orrido di Bellano, ^loiT.). 
 By the pier is a monument to the 
 poet Tom. Grossi (d. 1853). 
 
 Gittana is the landing-place 
 for the hydropathic establishment 
 of Regoledo, beautifully situated 
 500' above the lake (cable-rail- 
 way from the pier to the hotel). 
 
 Varenna (* Hotel Royal Mar- 
 cioni), with beautiful gardens, is 
 charmingly situated on a promon- 
 tory at the mouth of the Val Esino. 
 Admirable view from the ruin of 
 Torre di Vezio , near the hamlet 
 
 Western Bank. 
 
 Domaso, charmingly situated, 
 with the Villas Venini, Miani, and 
 others. 
 
 Gravedona (Alb. Gravedona; 
 Alb. del LauroJ, with 1600 in- 
 hab. , is picturesquely situated 
 at the entrance of a ravine. At 
 the upper end of the village rises 
 the Palazzo del Pero with its four 
 towers, erected in the end of the 
 16th cent. Adjoining the old 
 church otS. Vincenzo istheJBa^'- 
 tisterium S. Maria del Tiglio of 
 the r2th cent., containing two 
 Christian inscriptions of the 5th 
 century. 
 
 To the W. opens the Val di Grave- 
 dona, thi-ough which a bridle-path 
 leads to (9 hrs.) Bellinzona (p. 425), 
 crossing the Passo di 8. Jorio (6415'). 
 
 Dongo (Alb. DongoJ, a large 
 village in a sheltered situation, 
 at the mouth of the valley of the 
 same name. 
 
 On a precipitous rock above 
 Musso are the three ruined castles 
 of Rocca di Musso, where the 
 condottiere Giov. Giac. de' Me- 
 dici resided in 1525-31 and held 
 sway over the whole lake. 
 
 Pianello and Cremia , with the 
 handsome church of S. Michele 
 (altarpiece, *St. Michael, by Paolo 
 Veronese). 
 
 Rezzonico, with the Villa Litta ; 
 on the castle-hill a restored for- 
 tress of the 13th century. Then 
 S.Abbondio. A dangerous footpath 
 crosses the wild precipice of 11 
 Sasso Rancio ('the orange rock'), 
 traversed by the Russians under 
 Bellegarde in 1799, when many 
 lives were lost. 
 
 Menaggio. — Two steamboat 
 Piers: one, to the N., near the Hotel 
 
 Baedekek, Switzerland, loth Edition. 
 
 29
 
 450 VII. Route 113. MENAGGIO. 
 
 Lake of 
 
 Eastern Bank. 
 of Vezio , high above the town 
 (1/2 tr.). Near Varenna several 
 tunnels are hewn in the rock for 
 the passage of the road and the 
 railway (p. 448). The marble from 
 the neighbouring quarries is cut 
 and polished in the town. 
 
 About V2^^- to tt^6 S. of the 
 town the Flume Latte f milk- 
 stream') falls in several leaps from 
 a height of 1000' (copious be- 
 tween March and May and in 
 autumn; dry in summer). 
 
 The -Monte Grigna (7907'; 8 hrs.) 
 is a very fine point. From Varenna 
 a bridle-path leads on the right bank 
 of the Esino by Perledo to (2V2 hrs.) 
 Esino CAlb. Monte Godeno, moder- 
 ate), prettily situated. Thence (guide 
 desirable; 9 fr.) to the Alp Cainallo 
 IV2 hr., Alp Prada II/2 hr., Club Hut 
 of the C.A.I. {Capanna di Moncodine; 
 6151') 1/2 hr, , and to the top of the 
 Grigna Settentrionale or Moncodine 
 in 2 hrs. more (the last part rather 
 trying). Superb view of the whole 
 Alpine chain from the Mte. Viso 
 to the Ortler (the Mte. Rosa group 
 particularly fine), and of the plains 
 of Lombardy to the distant Apen- 
 nines. We may descend to the W. 
 (steep) to the club-hut Capanna di 
 Releccio (5840') in the Yal Neria 
 and to Mandello , or to the E. to 
 
 Western Bank. 
 Victoria and the Corona; the other, 
 near the Hotel Menaggio , for the 
 Steam Tramway to Porlezza (Lugano, 
 p. 448). Omnibuses of the hotels at 
 both piers. — Hotels: *GrR. Hot. 
 Victoria, R., L., <fc A. 41/2, B. I1/2, 
 lunch 3, D. 5, pens. 8-11 fr. ; *H6t. 
 Menaggio, R., L., & A. 31/2-51/2, B. 
 11/2, lunch 3, D. 5, pens. 8-11 fr. ; 
 both with gardens on the lake; Co- 
 rona, Italian, second class, but well 
 spoken of. 
 
 Menaggio (1000 inhab.), with 
 a large silk factory, offers a fine 
 view of Bellagio, A little to the 
 S., on the lake, is the palatial 
 Villa Mylius. — To the N. of 
 Menaggio , near the church of 
 Loveno (*Inn), is the (I1/4 M.) 
 Villa Vigoni (fee of 1 fr. to the 
 gardener), with a «uperb view of 
 Bellagio, Menaggio, and the three 
 arms of the lake (finest from the 
 Chalet Suisse 1/4 hr. farther up). 
 A summer-house contains two 
 admirable reliefs by Thorvaldsen 
 (Nemesis) and a marble group by 
 Argenti. — Adjacent are the Villa 
 Massimo d'Azeglio , containing 
 paintings by the well-known au- 
 thor (d. 1866), and the Villa Qa- 
 roviglio. 
 
 Pasture in the Val Sassina (p. 449). 
 
 The lake is divided here by the Punta di Bellagio into two arms, 
 the Bay of Como to the S.W., and the Bay of Lecco to the S.E. 
 
 Bay of Como. 
 
 Eastern Bank. 
 
 Bellagio. — -Gkande Beetagne, 
 *Grand Hotel Bellagio , two large 
 first-class hotels, beautifully situated 
 on the lake, R., L., & A. 5-6, D. 5, pens. 
 10-16 fr. 5 Hot. -Pens. Villa Serbel- 
 LONi, a dependance of the Grande Bre- 
 tagne (pens. 12-14 fr), with less com- 
 fortable rooms, in the fine park men- 
 tioned below. — '"Genazzini, also 
 well situated on the lake, R.,L.,&A. 
 21/2-5, B. l'/2. lunch 3, D. 41/2, pens. 
 7-10 fr. — Plainer : *H6t.-Pens. Flo- 
 rence, R., L., & A. 21/2-4, pens. 71/2- 
 9 fr. . Pens. Suisse and Alb. del 
 
 "Western Bank. 
 
 Cadenabbia. — -Bellevde, next 
 the Villa Carlotta, with shady grounds 
 on the lake ; -'Belle-Ile ; *Britan- 
 NiA, formerly Beausijour^ pens, from 
 7fr. ; Pens. & Rest. Cadenabbia, 7- 
 8 fr. ; Gafd Lavezari. 
 
 Cadenabbia lies about halfway 
 between Como and Colico. Alittle 
 to the S.W., in a garden sloping 
 down to the lake, stands the fam- 
 ous*Villa Carlotta (formerly Som- 
 mariva, after the count to whom
 
 Como. 
 
 BELLAGIO. 
 
 VII. Route 113. 451 
 
 Eastern Bank. 
 
 Vapoke, on the lake. — Beer at 
 the Cafi des Etrangers, on the quay 
 (also R.), and in the Restaurant of 
 the Hotel de Florence. — Boats, see 
 p. 448. — Objects in olive-wood in 
 numerous ahopa. 
 
 Bdlagio (708'; pop. 800), sit- 
 uated at the W. base of the pro- 
 montory separating the two arms 
 of the lake, is perhaps the most 
 delightful spot in the lake-district 
 of N. Italy. To the S. of the vU- 
 lage is the [1/2 M.) *Villa Melzi, 
 belonging to the Duchess of Melzi, 
 with numerous art-treasures and 
 a line garden (adm. on Thurs. and 
 Sat. 5 1 fr.). 
 
 On the height above Bellagio 
 (^'25 min. from Genazzini's Hotel 
 to the highest point) stands the 
 *VillaSerbelloni(adm. 1 fr., free 
 for guests of the Hot. Grande Bre- 
 tagne). The park extends to the 
 end of the wooded promontory, 
 and affords charming views of 
 Varenna, the Villa Arcomati, the 
 Villa Carlotta, etc. 
 
 IhQViila JSeimonfe (adm. 50 c), 
 belonging to an Englishman, also 
 commands a charming view. 
 
 About 1 M. to the S. of the 
 lower entrance to the Villa Ser- 
 belloni, beyond the cemetery, 
 we reach a small blue gate on 
 the left, leading to the *Villa 
 G-iulia, the property of Count 
 Blome of Vienna, with beautiful 
 *Gardens (open on Sun. and feast 
 days ; fee V2-i fr.). 
 
 To -Civenna (p. 455) a delightful 
 excursion (carr. with one horse 8fr. ; 
 there and back in 3 hrs.), with 
 which a visit to the Villa Giulia is 
 easily combined. 
 
 'Monte S.Primo (5555'), from Bel- 
 lagio 4V'i hrs. with guide (10 fr.), in- 
 teresting. We ascend past the Villa 
 Giulia and Casate to a (2hr3.) chapel, 
 where the road forks ; thence by the 
 
 Western Bank. 
 it once belonged). It was pur- 
 chased by the Princess Albert of 
 Prussia in 1843, and named 
 after her daughter Charlotte (d. 
 1855), and now belongs to the 
 Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. Visitors 
 ring at the entrance to the garden 
 and ascend the steps (adm. 8-5; 
 
 fee V2-I fr.)- 
 
 The SIakble Saloon has a frieze 
 adorned with celebrated -Reliefs by 
 Thorvaldsen , representing the Tri- 
 umph of Alexander (for which Count 
 Sommariva paid a sum equal to 
 14,28(3?. sterling) ; it also contains sev- 
 eral sculptures : *Cupid and Psyche, 
 Magdalene, Palamedes, and Venus, all 
 hy Canova; Mars andVenus, hjAcquisti; 
 Cupid offering water to doves , by 
 Bienaimi , etc. The Billiard Room 
 contains casts, and a chimney-piece 
 with sculptured frieze, representing 
 a Bacchanalian procession, said to 
 be one of Thorvaldsen' s early works. 
 In the Garden Saloon are several 
 modern pictures : Romeo and Juliet 
 by. Ilayez; Atala by Lordon ; also a 
 marble relief of Xapoleon, as consul, 
 by Lazzarini. 
 
 The *Garden , extending S. to 
 Tremezzo, and N. to the Hotel Bel- 
 levue, displays the most luxuriant 
 vegetation. (Near the S. side of the 
 villa is a magnolia 172 ft. in diameter.) 
 Striking view of Bellagio from under 
 the trees on the S. side of the garden. 
 The mortuary chapel of the Som- 
 mariva family, at the end of the 
 garden wall, contains numerous 
 works in marble. 
 
 Halfway up the Sasso S. Mar- 
 tino, a rock behind Cadenabbia, 
 is the little church of Madonna 
 di S. Martino, with a beautiful 
 view (IV2 ^^'1 rough path). 
 
 The Monte Crocione (5365'), a 
 higher hill to the W. (8i/2-4hrs., with 
 guide, 5fr. •, fatiguing; to avoid heat, 
 start at 2 am), commands a striking 
 view of the Lake of Como and Bel- 
 lagio. A more extensive view of 
 the Valaisian Alps, etc., is enjoyed 
 from the ■^Monte Galbiga (5600'), ad- 
 joining the Crocione to the W. and 
 reached from it by the arete in 50 min. 
 
 29*
 
 452 VII. Route J 13. 
 
 TREMEZZO. 
 
 Lake of 
 
 Eastern Bank. 
 
 cart-road to tlie right to the chalets 
 of Villa and Borzo and by a good 
 path to the (2'/2 hrs.) top, which 
 commands a splendid view of the 
 Lake of Como, the Brianza, and the 
 range of the High Alps. 
 
 The Villa Trivulzio, formerly 
 Poldi (the family name of the 
 Gonzagas) contains the mausole- 
 um of the last Gonzaga, a round 
 Romanesque tower (charming 
 view). 
 
 iS. Giovanni and Villa Trotti. 
 
 Villa Besana. 
 
 Near Lezzeno is one of the 
 deepest parts of the lake. 
 
 Nesso, at the mouth of the Val 
 di Nesso , which ascends to the 
 Piano del Tivano (SSOOO, with a 
 high waterfall in a narrow gorge, 
 often dry in summer. 
 
 Careno and Quarsano • then 
 Pognana and Riva di Palanzo. 
 
 The Villa Pliniana, in the bay of 
 Molina, at the entrance of a narrow 
 gorge, erected in 1570 by Count 
 Anguissola, is now the property 
 of Marchesa Trotti. It derives its 
 name from a spring near it which 
 daily changes its level, a peculi- 
 arity observed by both the Plinies. 
 The quotations are inscribed on 
 the walls of the court. 
 
 To the S. of Torno (Bella 
 
 Western Bank. 
 
 Descent by the Alp Ponna to (3 hrs.) 
 Osteno (p.* 447). 
 
 Tremezzo C^Alb. Bazzoni) is 
 almost a continuation of Cade- 
 nabbia. Between them is the Villa 
 Carlotta. This district, the Tre- 
 mezzina, is justly called the gar- 
 den of Lombardy. 
 
 Interesting excursion (3-4 hrs. there 
 and back) by Lenno (Ristor. Bren- 
 tani) to * S. Maria del Soccorso , a 
 'Mt. Calvary' with a superb view 
 (refreshm. at the sacristan's); back 
 by Mezzegra. 
 
 At the end of the long peninsula 
 of Lavedo is the handsome Villa 
 Arcomati , formerly Balbianello, 
 with its colonnade (splendid 
 view). In the bay lie Azzano and 
 Lenno, To the S. of the promon- 
 tory is Campo, charmingly situa- 
 ted, and beyond it Sala : between 
 these lies the islet of Comacina, 
 with the little church of S. Gio- 
 vanni. Then Colonno. 
 
 Argegno (Alb. ^- Ristor. Telo; 
 Alb.Barchetta), a,tth.e mouth, of the 
 fertile Val Intelvi. (Roadby Casti- 
 glione to Lanzo, 121/2 M., p. 447.) 
 
 Brienno, embosomed in laurels. 
 
 Torrigia (Ristor. Casarico) ; 
 on the promontory the Villa Elisa. 
 To the S., on the lake, rises a 
 lofty Pyramid, erected by Joseph 
 Frank, a professor at Pavia (d. 
 1851). 
 
 Germanello&niLaglio, with the 
 Villa Vitali. 
 
 Carate (Alb. Lario). Then Vrio, 
 wih numerous villas. 
 
 Moltrasio (Alb. Caramazza), in 
 a beautiful situation , with the 
 large Palazzo Passalacqua, rising 
 above terraced gardens. 
 
 Villa Volpi, formerly Pizzo, on 
 a promontory extending far into 
 the lake. High above it is the 
 church of Rovenna.
 
 Como. 
 
 CERNOBBIO. 
 
 Vn. Route 113. 453 
 
 Eastern Bank. 
 Venezia) both banks are dotted 
 with villas. 
 
 Villa Taverna, formerly Tanzi, 
 with beautiful gardens; Villa Fer- 
 ranti or Pasta, formerly the 
 property of the celebrated singer 
 (d. 1865); Villa Taglioni, once 
 the property of the famous dan- 
 sense. 
 
 Blevio, with numerous villas 
 (Mylius, Ricordi) ; then, beyond 
 the promontory (with the Villa 
 Cornaggia') , Borgo S. Agostino, 
 the N.E. suburb of Como. 
 
 A new road (carr. with one horse 
 8 fr., with two horses 15 fr.) and a 
 cable railway {funicolare ; to be 
 opened in autumn 1893) lead hence 
 to (41/2 M.) Brunate (2405'-, -Hdtel 
 Brunaie^ kept by Spaini), enjoying 
 a beautiful view towards the W., as 
 far as Monte Rosa. 
 
 Western Bank. 
 
 Cernobbio (*Gr.- Hotel Villa 
 cCEste (S' Reine d'Angleterre, with 
 fine park, pens. 8-12 fr. ; Hotel 
 Reine Olga i^- Cernobbio, pens. 
 8-12 fr. ; Alb. Milano, well 
 spoken of), with the villas Belin- 
 zaghi, Baroggi, etc. Steam tram- 
 way to Como. 
 
 The Monte Bisbino (4385'), with 
 a pilgrimage-church (fine view), may 
 easily be ascended from Cernobbio 
 or Brienno (see above) in 3 bra. 
 
 Farther on are the Villa Cima^ 
 with flue grounds, the Villa Gon- 
 zalez, and the Villa Tavernola, 
 below the mouth of the Breggia. 
 
 * Villa delC Olmo, formerly Rai- 
 mondi, the largest on the lake, 
 now the property of Duke Vis- 
 conti-Modrone , with gorgeous 
 rooms and fine park, is at Borgo 
 Vico, the N.W. suburb of Como. 
 
 Como, see p. 454. Omnibus 
 to the station 30 c. 
 
 Lake of Lecco. 
 
 The S.E. arm of the Lake of Como, 12 M. long, is less charming as 
 the S.W. arm, but offers grander mountain -scenery. The E. bank is 
 skirted by the railway mentioned at p. 448. Steamers ply twice daily 
 from Bellagio (Como) to Lecco, and thrice daily from Colico to Lecco and 
 vice versa (comp. p. 448). 
 
 The steamer rounds the Pwnfa di Bellagio (p. 450); on the height 
 above are the grounds of the Yilla Serbelloni, and farther on the 
 Villa Giulia. Then (\.')Lierna, at the foot of the steep Cima Pelaggia, 
 with a fine retrospect to the N. ; (r.) Limonta, Vassena, Onno, op- 
 posite the rocky Mte. Grigna (p. 450). Farther on (1.) Tonzanico 
 and Mandello (Corona), at the foot of the Mte. Campione; then Ab- 
 hadia, on a promontory stretching far into the lake, at the mouth 
 of the Val Gerona. On the W. bank we see a row of cement-kilns, 
 at the foot of the Corni di Canzo (4510'). Opposite Lecco lies (r.) 
 Parh, separated from Malgrate by the promontory of S. Dionigio. 
 Malgrate lies at the entrance of the Val Madrera, through which a 
 road leads to Como via Erba (p. 454). The lake gradually contracts 
 to the river Adda, flowing out of it, which is crossed by the Po7ite 
 Grande, a stone bridge of ten arches, built in 1335, and by the hand- 
 some new Railiray Bridge of the Lecco and Como line (p. 448). 
 
 Lecco {*Aru. Mazzoleni^ at the steamboat-pier; Croce di Malta ; 
 Corojia ; all in the Italian style), a busy town with silk and cotton
 
 454 VII. Route 113. COMO. 
 
 factories and iron-works (6100 inliab.), finely situated at the foot 
 of Monte Resegone^ is admirably described in Manzoni's 'I Promessi 
 Sposi'. In tbe Piazza are statues of Manzoni (1785-1873), and of 
 Garibaldi by Confalonieri. Pleasant walks to the hill of -S. Gerolamo 
 and the pilgrimage-church on Mte. Baro (3150'j *View of theBrianza). 
 From Lecco to Milan (31V2 M.), railway via Monza in 2-2V2 1"'3., and 
 to Bergamo (20V2 M.) in IV* hr., see Baedeker's Northern Italy. 
 
 Como. — *HoTEL VoLTA, witli cafe-rcstaurant, R., L., & A. 5, B. IV2, 
 D 5 fr. ; *H6t. Cavoue, with lift and electric light ; Italia ; Hot.-Pens, 
 Suisse, with cafe-restaur. •, Hot.-Pens. Bellevue, with the Ca/4-Restaur. 
 Marinoni; all in the Piazza Cavour, near the quay. — Restaurant: "Trat- 
 toria Frasconi^ in a recess of the Piazza Cavour, at the end of a street 
 at right angles to the harbour. — Baths in the lake, near the Giardino Puh- 
 blico (to the left, beyond the pier). — Station of the St. Gotthard Railway 
 {Stazione Mediterranean for Milan and Lugano), to the right from the steam- 
 boat-pier and across the piazza past the hotels G/2 M. ; omnibus 30 c, 
 gratuitous for holders of through-tickets). A second station (Stazione Fer- 
 rovia A'ord), for the lines to Milan via Saronno and for Varese and La- 
 veno (p. 437), is 4 min. to the left from the pier. — Books, photographs, 
 etc. at the Libreria Dalp, in the Hotel Volta. 
 
 Como (705'; pop. 11,000), the birthplace of the younger Pliny 
 and of Yolta, the physicist (whose Statue by P. Marchesi is on the 
 W. side of the town near the harbour), lies at the S. end of the 
 S.W. arm of the Lake of Como, amidst an amphitheatre of moun- 
 tains. The ^Cathedral, begun in the Lombard Gothic style in 1396, 
 and altered in the Renaissance style by Tommaso and Jacopo Rodari 
 after 1486, built entirely of marble, is one of the finest in N. Italy. 
 Adjacent is the Town Hall (Municipio), completed in 1215, the 
 walls of which are curiously built of stones of different colours. 
 The Porta del Torre, a massive five-storied structure, is also note- 
 worthy. In the Piazza Yittoria a bronze * Statue of Garibaldi, by 
 Vela, was erected in 1889. Large silk-manufactories. — Outside 
 the town, on the promenade , is the church del Crocefisso, of the 
 17th cent., and 1/0 M- heyond it, on the slope to the left, is the 
 handsome Basilica S. Abbondio, of the 8th and 11th centuries. 
 
 ExccEsioxs. On the E. Bank a beautiful new road leads along the 
 hillside, high above the lake, affording a variety of charming views, to 
 (oM.) Torno (p. 453). — Brunate, see p. 4o3; the station of the cable tram- 
 way is near the 'Stazione Ferrovia Nord", on the lake. 
 
 Fbom Como to Eeba and Bellagio (about 28 M.), a very pleasant drive 
 or walk (one-horse carr. in 5-6 hrs. ; fare 25 fr., and gratuity of 3 fr.). 
 We follow the Lecco road from the Porta Milanese, and gradually ascend 
 the hUls to the E. The lake is hidden by the wooded Monte S. Mau- 
 rizio; to the S. we overlook the country in the direction of Milan ; on 
 the S. E. lies the Brianza, an undulating and very fertile tract, 12 M. 
 long, 6 M. wide, lying between the Lambro and the Adda, and stretching 
 N.E. to Lecco. This is the 'Garden of Lombardy', and a favourite resort 
 of the Milanese, who have numerous villas here. The church of the village 
 of Camnago , to the N. of the road , contains Volta's tomb (p. 453). 
 Farther on, to the S. of the road, near a small lake, is the sharp ridge of 
 Montorfano. Near Cassano we observe a curious leaning tower. Beyond 
 Albesio the view embraces the valley of Erba (Plan d'Erba) and the lakes ot 
 AUerio, Pusiano, and Annone, above' which on the E. rise the Corni di Canzo 
 (4510') and the serrated Resegone di Lecco (6160')-
 
 MONZA. VII. Route 114. 455 
 
 Near (9 M.) Erba (1017'; Inn), a small town in a very fertile district, 
 are several villas, the finest beinu; Villa Amalia, on the N.W. side, with a 
 splendid view of the Brianza. Near Incino, with its lofty Lombard tower, 
 V4hr. S.E. of Erba, stood the Liciniforum of the Romans, mentioned by 
 Pliny. — Railway from Erba to Milan, by S. Pietro, in IV2 br. 
 
 Beyond Erba we cross the Lambro,' which is here artificially con- 
 ducted into the Lago di Piisiano, a little to the S.E. Just beyond it the 
 Bellagio road diverges to the left from the Lecco road, and passes through 
 Longone, on the W. bank of the narrow Lago del Segrino. The next place 
 is (6 M.) Canzo (Croce di Malta), which extends almost to (1 M.) Asso (joint 
 population Z1QQ). At the entrance to Asso is a large silk-factory (Casa Verm). 
 
 The road now gradually ascends the pretty Vali,' Assina, the valley 
 of the Lamhro, with wooded slopes. It passes through several villages, 
 (2 M.) Lasnigo, (2 M.) Barni, and Magreglio, where it becomes steeper. 
 First view of both arms of the Lake of Como from the top of the hill near 
 the (1 M.) Chapel. A charming *Survey of the whole W. arm to Lecco, and 
 beyond it, is obtained beyond the first church of (1 M.) Civenna, with its 
 graceful tower. The road now runs for 2 M. on the top of the wooded hill 
 which extends into the lake as far as Bellagio. Beyond the chapel we obtain 
 striking views of the Bay of Como, the Tremezzina with the Villa Carlotta 
 and Cadenabbia (p. 450), the E. arm (Lake of Lecco), a large portion of the 
 road on the E. shore resting on masonry and embankments, the entire lake 
 from the promontory of Bellagio to Domaso (p. 449), the promontory itself, 
 and far below us the hill with the Serbelloni park (p. 451). 
 
 The road winds downwards for nearly 3 M. , passing the Villa Giulia 
 (p. 451) and the cemetery of Bellagio. From Civenna to the hotels at Bel- 
 lagio on the lake (p. 450) about 6 M. 
 
 An interesting but rather fatiguing circuit (path very stony at places) 
 may be made by ascending the Monte S. Primo (p. 451 ; 6555'; 4-5 hrs.; with 
 guide) from Canzo, and descending to (272 hrs.) Nesso or (3 hrs.) Bellagio. 
 
 114. From Como to Milan. 
 
 30 M. Railway via Monza (comp. p. 454) in IV4-IV4 br. ; 5 fr. 50, 
 3 fr. 85, 2 fr. 75 c. (another line by Camnago and S. Pietro, 27 M., in IVahr.). 
 Tkamwat from Como to Milan (station at Como near the steamboat pier) 
 by Lomazzo, Saronno, Bollate, Novate, and Bovisa (29 M., in 2-2V2 hrs.). 
 
 Como, see p. 454. — On a hill near [3 M.) Albate-Camerlata 
 rises the lofty old tower of the Castello Baradello, where Frederick 
 Barbarossa occasionally resided. 6^/2^^- Cucciago ; S^/o^i- Cantu- 
 Asnago; 91/2 M. Car»na/e; 12 M. Camnago. The hilly district to the 
 right and left is the fertile Brianza, with its numerous villas (p. 454) ; 
 in the background the long, indented Mte. Resegone (p. 454). 15 i/o M. 
 Seregno ; il^-i M. Desio. Several tunnels. 
 
 21 M. Monza (pop. 18,500; Albergo del Castello at the station; 
 Falcone'), an old town. The Cathedral, founded in 595 by Queen 
 Theodolinde, and rebuilt in the 14th cent., contains the ^Iron 
 Crown' of the Lombard kings and a rich treasury (5 fr.). The royal 
 Sumyner Palace near Monza has a line large park. — 25 M. Sesto 
 S. Giovanni. 
 
 30 M. Milan. — The Station (PI. F, G, 1; Restaurant) is a hand- 
 some building adorned with frescoes and sculptures. Cab into the town (by 
 day or night) l\i fr.; each trunk 25 c; hotel-omnibus 1-1 V2 fr. — Tramway 
 from the station to the town 10 c. — Porter for luggage under 100 lbs. 50 c. 
 
 Hotels. *H6tel de la Ville (PI. a; F, 5), Corso Vittorio Emanuele; 
 ■Hotel Cavour (PI. b; F, 3), Piazza Cavour; "Grand Hotel Milan (PI. c; 
 F, 3, 4), Via Al. Manzoni 29, R., L., &, A. from 4V2 fr. ; 'Hot. Continental
 
 456 VI I. Route Hi. MILAN. Cathedral. 
 
 (PI. e; E, 4), Via Al. Manzoni-, all these of the first class: R., L., & A. 
 from 5, D. 5, B. IV2, Omnibus IV2 fr. — Less expensive: -G-rande Bre- 
 TAGNE & Reichmanx (PI. d; D, E, 6) , Via Torino; 'Metropole, in tZie 
 .Piazza del Duomo ; *Rebecchino (PI. p; E, 5), Via S. Margherita; 'Eueopa 
 (PI. f; F, 5), Corse Vitt. Emanuele 9; *3Iaxix (PI. k^ E, 2), Via Manin, 
 near the Giardini Pubblici; *Rojia (PI. g: F, 5), Corso Vitt. Emanuele 7; 
 'Pozzo (PI. 1; F, 6), Via Torino, D."4i/2 fr. ; *Francia (PI. m; F, 5), 
 Corso Vitt. Eman. 19; — Biscione & Beelevde , in the Piazza Fontana, 
 next the Piazza del Duomo, R., L., & A. 3, D. incl. wine 4 fr. ; 'Central 
 St. Marc (PI. h; E, 6), Via del Pesce; ='Bella. Venezia (PI. i; E, F, 51, 
 Piazza S. Fedele; Ancora (PI. n; F, 5), Via Agnello ; "Lion & Trois 
 Sdisses (PI. 0; G, 4, 5), Corso Vitt. Emanuele and Via Durini : Hotel- 
 Pension Suisse, Via Visconti, commercial, etc. 
 
 Restaurants ( TraUorie). ^- Biffin Oambriiiut, see below; '^Cova, with 
 garden, Via S. Giuseppe; -Rehecchino^ see above; Guffanti^ Via S. Giuseppe; 
 Isola Botta, near the triumphal arch (p. 458). — Cafes. '-Bifji, Ganibrimts^ 
 in the Galleria Vitt. Emanuele; Cova, see above; J.ccfifc?em;a, Piazza della 
 Scalai Delle Colonne^ Corso Venezia 1; several in the Giardini Pubblici 
 (p. 458). — Beer C-birra^) at the cafe's (30 c. per 'tazza'). Also at the 
 Birreria Nazioiiale, opposite the cathedral ; Birreria Svizzera, next door to 
 the Hotel Metropole; 'Trefik, Galleria de' Cristoforis 
 
 Baths. Bagno di Diana (PI. H, 2) , outside the Porta Venezia ; Bagno 
 Nazionale (PI. D, 8), outside the Porta Ticinese; Bagno delV Anmtnziata, 
 Via Annunziata 11 ; etc. 
 
 Cabs (^Broughams') 1 fr. per drive, at night IV4 fr. ; per V2 hr. 1, per 
 hr. IV2 fr. ; from the station to the town, P/t fr. 
 
 Tramway every 5 min. (10 c.) from the Piazza del Duomo to most of 
 the city gates and to the Cimitero. — Steam Tramway to Moma (see p. 455) 
 in 1 hr. (60-80 c.) ; also to Saron7io-Como (p. 454), Giussano, Vaprio, etc. 
 
 Post Office (PI. E, 6), near the cathedral, Via Rastrelli 20, behind the 
 Palazzo Reale, open from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. — Telegraph Office (PI. E, 5), 
 Piazza del Mercanti 19, on the N.W. side of the Piazza del Duomo. 
 
 Theatres. Teatro della Scala (PI. E, 4), the largest in Italy next to S. 
 Carlo at ^Naples, open during the Carnival only. Teatro Manzoni (PI. E, 5), 
 Piazza della Scala, comedies. Teatro dal Verme (PI. D, 4), operas and 
 ballet. Teatro FHodrammatico (PI. E, 4), operas. 
 
 English Church Service, Vicolo San Giovanni della Conca 12. 
 
 Milan (more fully described in Baedeker s N. Italy)^ whicli was 
 rebuilt after its total destruction in 1162 by the Emp. Frederick 
 Barbarossa, is the capital of Lombardy, and one of the wealthiest 
 manufacturing cities in Italy, silk being the staple commodity. The 
 city is upwards of 7 M. in circumference, and has a population of 
 315,000, exclusive of the garrison, or 418,000 including the suburbs. 
 
 The business-centre and also the most attractive part of Milan 
 is the *PiAzzA DEL Duomo (PI. E, F, 5), recently much extended, 
 and flanked with palatial edifices, designed by Gius. iMengoni, 
 which, with the majestic 'Duomo', present a striking appearance. 
 This is also the focus of the tramway and omnibus system. 
 
 The **Cathedral (PI. E, F, 5), in the Gothic style, one of the 
 largest churches in Europe , built entirely of white marble , and 
 decorated with 98 turrets and 2000 marble statues , was begun in 
 1386 by the splendour-loving Giangaleazzo Visconti, and completed 
 by Napoleon I. 
 
 The **Interior, with its double aisles, borne by 52 pillars, and its beauti- 
 ful stained windows, is very impressive. In the S. transept a *J/oKwme??< lo 
 Giacomo and Gabriele de' Medici, by Leoni, erected in 1564 by Pope Pius IV. 
 to the memory of his brothers. '^Stained Glass windows in the choir. An
 
 atu-mijo-zms 
 
 ?izdi3T' saqadTg ;Bugi;.\\.^ ^t^suyildrjgoag
 
 Brera. MILAN. VTI. Route 114. 457 
 
 ancient sarcophagus of St. Dionysius, in porphyry, now serves as a Fo)i(. 
 The subterranean Cappella >S. Carlo contains "the tomb of S. Carlo Bor- 
 Tomeo (in summer 5-10, in winter 7-10 a.m. ; at other times, fee of 1 fr.). 
 
 The ascent (in the corner of the right transept) of the 'Roof and Tower 
 (354'; ticket 25 c.; 157 steps to the roof) is recommended, as the visitor is 
 thus enabled to inspect the architecture of the exterior more closely, and 
 obtains a nuble prospect of the Alps and Apennines (Panorama by Bossoli 
 at Pirola'.'?, Piazza della Scala 6, 1 fr.). 
 
 The *Galleria Vittorio Emanuele [PI. E, 5), a fine arcade with 
 tempting shops, built by Gius. Mengoni in 1865-72, and adorned 
 with statues of 24 celebrated Italians , connects the Piazza del 
 Duomo with the Scala. — In the Piazza della Scaln (PI. E, 4) rises 
 a marble statue o{ Leonardo da Vinci (d. 1519) byMagni. The great 
 master is surrounded by his pupils Cesare da Sesto, Marco da Oggiono, 
 Salaino, and Boltraffio. 
 
 Of the other eighty churches of Milan, the following are note- 
 worthy. — *S. Ambrogio (PI. C, 6), founded by St. Ambrose in the 
 4th cent., and re-erected in the 12th cent., contains an 'Ecce Homo' 
 by Lwmj, and several ancient monuments. — *S. Maria delle Grazie 
 (PI. B, 5), of the loth cent., attributed to Bramante, contains pic- 
 tures by Ferrari, Caravaggio, and Luini. In the refectory of the 
 monastery is Leonardo da Vinci's far-famed **Last Supper, painted 
 on the wall in oils, and now almost obliterated (daily 9-4, Sun. 12-3 : 
 1 fr., on Sun. and Thurs. gratis). — S. Maria presso S. Celso (PI. 
 E, 8), by Bramante, also contains good pictures. — S. Maurizio 
 (PI. C, 5) has tine frescoes by Luini. — *S. Lorenzo (Pl.D, 7) once 
 formed part of Roman palace ; the isolated *Colonnade is borne by 
 sixteen Corinthian columns. — S. Carlo Borromeo (PI. F, 4), completed 
 in 1847, contains two groups in marble by Marchesi. 
 
 The *Brera (PL E, 3 ; open daily 9-4, Sun. 12-4; adm. 1 fr., on 
 Thurs and Sun. gratis), or Palazzo di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, form- 
 erly the Jesuits' College, contains the Public Library (300,000 vols., 
 1000 MSS.), a Collection of Coins (50,000), the Observatory, Casts 
 from the antique, an Archaeological Museum and a most interesting 
 ^Picture Gallery (Pinacoteca). In the court are marble statues. 
 
 Picture Gallery. Antechambers I. and II. : Frescoes by Luini, Ferrari, 
 Bramantino, and Marco da Oggionno, the finest being Luini's Angels (Nos. 
 14, 26, 45, 49, 54, 68), works of a 'genre' character C^, 11, 13), and scenes 
 from the life of Mary (5, 19, 42, 43, 51, 63, 69, 73); '47. Madonna with SS. 
 Antony and Barbara ; 25. Gaud. Ferrari, Adoration of the Magi. — Oil- 
 paintings. IstRoom: '^1 . Bernardino de" Conti, Madonna-, 106. And. Solario, 
 Madonna. — 2nd R. : 159. Gentile da Fabriano, Mary in glory ; 167. Bartol. 
 Montagna, Madonna; 168. Gent. Bellini, Preaching of St. Mark; 193. Crivelli, 
 Madonna. — 3rd R. : 206. Moretto, Madonna with SS. .Jerome, Anthony, and 
 Francis ; 209. Bonifacio, Finding of Moses ; P. Veronese, 219. SS. Gregory and 
 .Terome, 220. Adoration of the Magi, 221. SS. Ambrose and Augustine, 227. 
 SS.Antonius Abbas, Cornelius, and Cyprian. — 4th R. : 248. Tiiian, St. Jerome. 
 — 5th R. : 261. Giov. Bellini, Madonna; *264. And. Mantegna, Large altar- 
 piece; 265. Bern. Luini, Madonna; *267. Leonardo da Vinci (?), Head of 
 Christ; **270. Raphaels famous 'Sposalizio' , or Marriage of the Virgin, 
 painted in 1504; 272. Giotto, Madonna; 273. Mantegna, Pieta. — 6th R. : 
 283. CriveUi, Madonna and Saints; Giov. Bellini, '284. Pietii, *297. Madonna; 
 ■'300. Cima da Conegliano, SS. Peter, Paul, and .Tolin the Baptist. — 7th U. : 
 253, 254, 255. Lorenzo Lotto. Portraits. — 8th R. : 328. Lor. Costa, Adoration
 
 458 VJI. Route 114. MILAN. Castello. 
 
 of the Magi; 331. Ouercino, Expulsion of Hagar; 333. Dosti, St. Sebastian; 
 334. Fr. Francia, Annunciation. — 9th R. : Dutch and Flemish works. — 
 10th R. : 390. Velazquez (?) , Dead monk ; 442, Van Dyck , Madonna and 
 Child with St. Anthony of Padua ; '446. Van Bpck, Portrait ; "447, Rubens, 
 Last Supper; *'449. Rembrandt, Portrait. — 11th R. : 456. Domenichino, 
 Madonna and saints. — To the left is a suite of rooms with modern 
 pictures, sketches by academicians, casts, etc, — On the ground-floor is 
 the Museo Archeologico (daily 12-3, adm, 1/2 fr.; Sun. 2-4, gratis), a col- 
 lection of antique, mediaeval, and Renaissance sculptures and old frescoes, 
 most of them found at Milan, Among the best sculptures are those by 
 Agostino Busti, surnamed II Bamhaja. 
 
 The famons *Bibliotheca Ambrosiana (PI. D, E, 5), open daily, 
 except Wed. & Sun., 10-3 [fee V2-I fr, ; pictures on Wed. IO-I272, 
 Sun, 1-3 gratis), founded in 1609 by Card. Fed. Borromeo, contains 
 160,000 vols, and 8000 MSS. Among the pictures is *RaphaeVs 
 cartoon for his School of Athens. 
 
 The *Museo Poldi-Pezzoli (PI. F, 4), Via Moroni 10, contains 
 an admirable collection of weapons, pictures, sculptures in marble, 
 bronze, and terracotta, furniture, tapestry, trinkets, etc., ex- 
 hibited in the house of the founder Cavaliere Poldi-Pezzoli (d. 
 1879). Adm, daily 9-4, Sun. 11-3; 1 fr.; catalogue 1 fr. 
 
 The *Ospedale Maggiore (PI. F, 6), a remarkably fine brick 
 edifice, begun by Ant. Filarete of Florence in 1457, contains nine 
 different courts. The external terracotta incrustation is observed 
 on other Milanese buildings, but the facade of the Ospedale with its 
 rich and beautiful windows is probably unsurpassed. 
 
 The Castello (PL D, 3, 4), adjoining the Piazza d'Armi, once 
 the seat of the Yisconti and Sforza, is now a barrack. Behind it 
 lies the Arena, a kind of circus for 30,000 pers, , founded by 
 Napoleon I. (fee ^/ih.'). On the N,W, side of the Piazza d'Armi 
 rises the *Arco del Sempione(Pl. B, 2), a triumphal arch of marble, 
 founded by Napoleon in 1804 by way of termination to the Slmplon 
 road, and completed in 1838 (107 steps to the top). 
 
 The Giardini PubbUci (PL F, G, 2, 3), between the Porta Ve- 
 uezia and Porta Nuova, are the chief promenade of the Milanese. In 
 the older part is the so-called Salone, containing the Museo Artistico 
 (daily 11-4; 50 c.; Sun, and Thurs. gratis). Adjoining the W. 
 side is the Museo Civico, containing natural history collections (same 
 hours of admission). At the W, entrance to the new Giardino Pub- 
 blico is the Piazza Cavour, embellished with a Statue of Cavour in 
 bronze, by Tabacchi, erected in 1865, 
 
 The new *Cemetery {Clmitero ; 50 acres in area), outside the 
 Porta Tenaglia (PL C, D, 1), contains many fine monuments (several 
 with marble statues of the surviving mourners) and a 'Tempio di 
 Cremazione' for burning the dead, *View of the Alps.
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Aaberli Alp 42. 
 
 Aadorf 48. 
 
 Aarau 21. 
 
 Aarberg 208, 
 
 Aarburg 17. 
 
 Aare, the 13. 18. 21. 136 
 
 1T7 etc. 
 Aare Glaciers, the 177. 
 — , Gorge of the 171. 
 Aathal 42. 
 Abbadia 453. 
 Abbaye, L' 209. 
 S. Abbondio on the Lake 
 
 of Como 449. 
 
 — (Chiavenna) 416. 
 
 — near Lugano 428. 
 Abendberg, the 153. 
 Abfrutt 109. 
 Abgschiitz 123. 
 Ablantschen 192. 
 Abschwnng, Im 177. 
 Achslenstock 81. 
 Achtelsassgrat, the 127. 
 Aclasut 371. 
 
 Acletta 116. 365. 
 
 — , Piz d' 116. 
 
 Acqua, Hospice air 304. 
 
 106. 309. 
 — , Piz deir 400. 
 Acqiiarossa 369. 
 Adda, the 377. 412. 417 
 
 418. etc. 
 Adelboden 185. 
 Adige, the 420. 
 Adler Glacier 326. 332. 
 
 — Pass, the 331. 328. 
 Adliswyl 39. 
 
 St. Adrian 96. 
 Adula, Piz 378. 
 Aela Hut 381. 
 Aela Pass 382. 
 Aela, Piz d' 381. 382. 
 iElpeltispitz, the 352. 
 ^Iplisee, the 358. 
 iEmsigen-Alp, the 94. 
 iErnen 306. 807. 
 JEsch 9. 132. 
 — , the Alp 64. 
 jEschach 51. 
 iEschi 179. 
 Aeugst 71. 
 Affoltern 20. 71. 
 Agassizhorn, the 177. 
 A^assizjoch, the 178. 165. 
 St. Agata 436. 
 
 Ageri 72. 
 Agerisee 72. 
 Agittes, Au.x 235. 
 Agno 446. 
 
 Agogna, Val d' 444. 
 Aguagliouls 398. 
 Agums 420. 
 Ahorn-Alp 119. 
 Ai, Tour d' 235. 
 Aigle 234. 
 Aiguebelle 255. 
 Aigneblanche 256. 
 Aiguille, Plan de V 269. 
 Aiguille Grise 270. 
 
 — Verte 266. 271. 
 Aiguilles Marbre'es 270. 
 
 — Rouges (Chamonix) 
 267. 263. 
 
 (Argentiere) 272. 
 
 (Val d^Heren3)312. 
 
 , Glacier des 312. 
 
 Aime 256. 
 Airette, 1/ 244. 
 Airolo 106. 
 Aix-les-Bains 253. 
 Alagna 334. 445. 
 Ala, L' 387. 
 Albana, Piz 386. 
 Albate 455. 
 Albbruck 23. 
 Albens 254. 
 Albert-Hauenstein 23. 
 Albertville 256. 
 Albesio 454. 
 Albeuve 241. 
 Albigna, the 415. 
 — , Val 415. 
 
 Albigna Glacier 389. 415. 
 Albinen 184. 
 Albis, the 38. 
 Albis Hochwacht, the 39. 
 Albishorn 39. 
 Albisbrmin, Baths 71. 
 Albogasio 447. 
 Albonago 429. 
 Albris, Piz 400. 
 Vlbrist 186. 
 Albrunhorn, the 307. 
 Albrun Pass, the 307. 
 \lbula, the 357. 371. 381. 
 \lbula Pass, the 382. 
 Albulahorn, the 382. 405. 
 Mdesago 429. 
 AletschGlacier, the Great 
 160. 106. 298. 305. 306. 
 
 Altetsch Glacier the 
 
 Upper 298. 
 Aletschbord 306. 
 Aletschhorn, Ihe 806. 299. 
 Algaby 301. 
 
 Allalin Glacier 331. 332. 
 Allalinhorn, the 332. 333. 
 Allalin Pass, the 332. 328. 
 Allaman 224. 234. 
 Allamans, Les 248. 
 Allee, Alp de V 314. 316. 
 — , Col del' 314. 315. 317. 
 — , Pigne de V 314. 317. 
 
 — Blanche 279. 280. 
 
 , Glacier de V 280. 
 
 Allein 292. 
 
 Allenbachthal, the 185. 
 Alleusbach 24. 
 AUenwinden 72. 
 Alleves 289. 
 
 Alliaz, Bains de T 229. 
 Allieres 242. 
 Allinges, Les 245. 
 Allmannshohe. the 30. 
 Allmen Alp 181. 
 AUmendhubel, the 156. 
 Allmengrat 1S6. 
 Allweg 93. 
 Almagell 332. 
 Alogna, Alp 380. 
 Alpbach Gorge 171. 
 \lpetta 394. 
 Alphubel, the 333. 
 Alphubeljoch 333. 3'28. 
 Alpien 302. 
 
 — Glacier 302. 
 Alpiglen 163. 
 Alpina, Chalet 392. 
 Alpligen 154. 
 
 Alp 163. 
 Glacier, the 109. 
 
 — Lucke, the 109. 
 Alpnach 122. 
 
 Lake of 93. 122. 
 Al'pnach-Stad 94. 122. 
 rVlpthal 99. 
 Alserio, Lago d' 454. 
 Altanca 106. 
 Altdorf 102. 
 Mteinsrat, the 355. 
 Altels, the 182. 
 \lten-Alp 57. 
 Altendorf 40. 
 Altenorenalp, the 115. 
 Altikon 31. 97.
 
 460 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Altmann, the 57. 
 Altmatt 99. 
 Altorf 102. 
 Alt-St. Johann 59. 
 Altstad, islet 79. 
 Altstaffel 304. 308. 
 Altstatten (Rhine Valley) 
 
 342. 
 Altstetten (near Zurich) 
 
 70. 20. 
 Altwis 132. 
 Alv, Piz 403. 
 Alvaneu 356. 
 Alvaneu, Bad 381. 
 Alvaschein 372. 
 Alvascheiner Alp 355. 
 Alvier, the 46. 342. 
 Alzasca, Lago di 433. 
 Alzo 444. 
 Ambri 107. 
 Amden (Amnion) 44. 
 Amdener Berg, the 44. 59- 
 Amisbiihel, the 147. 
 Ammerten Glacier 189. 
 Ammertengrat, the 189. 
 Ammertenhorn, the 189. 
 Ammertenpass, the 189. 
 Amphion, Bath 245. 
 Amrisweil 47. 
 Amselfluh, the 358. 
 Amsoldingen 143. 191. 
 Amsteg 104. 
 Andeer 373. 
 Andelfingen 32. 
 Andermatt 111. 
 Andermatten 309. 
 Andev, Pointe d' 259. 
 Andoila, Pizzo d' 302. 
 Anengrat, the 3Ct6. 
 Angenstein, Chateau 9. 
 Angera 442. 
 Anieres 245. 
 St. Anna, Castle of 50. 
 — , Glacier of 111. 
 Annecy 257, 
 — , Lac d^ 257. 
 Annemasse 259. 252. 261. 
 Annas, Col des 25S. 
 Anniviers, Val d' 815. 
 Annone, Lago d' 454. 
 Anterne, Col d" 263. 
 — , Lac d' 263. 
 Antev-St-Andre 337. 
 St. Anthony, Chapel 53. 
 Anthy-Sechex 245. 
 Antigine, Passo d' 303. 
 
 331. 
 Antigine, Pizzo d' 303. 
 Antigorio, Val 309. 302. 
 St. Anton, on the Arl- 
 
 berg 422. 
 — (IMontavon) 423. 
 St. Antijnien 351. 
 
 St. Antoniev Joch 351.423. 
 S. Antonio, near Bormio 
 
 417. 
 — , near Bellinzona 426. 
 — , near Poschiavo 412. 
 — , Bocchetta di 433. 
 Antrona Plana 3u3. 
 
 — Pass, the 803. 333. 
 Anzasca, Val d' 329. 343. 
 Anzeindaz 244. 
 
 Aosta 283. 
 
 Aouil 338. 
 
 Appenzell 54. 
 
 — , the Canton 51. 
 
 Aprica, Passo d' 413. 
 
 Aquila 369. 
 
 Arabione, Cinia deir 429. 
 
 Arare 2'20. 
 
 Aravis, Col des 258. 
 
 Arbedo 380. 109. 
 
 Arbenhorn, the 317. 
 
 Arbignon 184. 
 
 Arblatsch. Piz 385. 
 
 Arbola, Punta d^ 306. 
 
 — Bocchetta d' 307. 
 Arbole, Chalets d' 285. 
 Arbon 30. 
 
 Arbostora, Mte. 446. 
 Arcumeggia, Punta 437. 
 Ardenno 413. 
 
 Ardetz 407. 
 Ardetzenberg, the 423. 
 
 424. 
 Ardon 244. 296. 
 Arenaberg 25. 31. 
 Areu, Pointe d' 260, 
 Areue Valley 378. 
 Areuse, Gorges de V 201. 
 Argegno 452. 
 Argentiere 271. 
 -, Aiguille d' 272. 
 — , Col d^ 272. 
 — , Glacier d' 272. 
 Argentine, the 236. 243. 
 Arina, Piz 410. 
 Arizzano 438. 
 .\rlas, Mt. 390. 
 Arlberg, the 422. 
 Arlesheim 9. 
 Arly, the 256. 
 Armeno 442. 
 Armillon 190. 
 Arnaz 286. 
 Arnegg 47. 
 Arnen Lake 239. 
 Arnex 208. 
 A.rnitobel, the 120. 
 Arola 444. 
 Arolla 312. 
 — , Glacier de V 312. 
 
 313. 
 
 — Pigno d' 294. 295. 
 3L1. 312. 313, 
 
 Arona 442. 
 
 Arosa 358. 
 
 Arpenaz, Cascade d' 260. 
 
 Arpette, Fenetre d' 275. 
 
 288 
 Arpiglia, Piz d' 406. 
 Arpille 238. 275. 
 Arpitetta, Alp 317. 
 — . Pointe A" 317. 
 Arth 96. 
 
 Arth-Goldau 88. 100. 101. 
 Arve, the 212. 220. 276. 
 
 Arveye 235. 240. 
 Arveyron, Source of the 
 
 267. 
 Arvier 283. 
 Arvigo 380. 
 Arvigrat, the 123. 
 Arzinol, Pic d' 311. 
 Asarina 415, 
 Ascona 435. 432. 
 Assa, Val d^ 411. 
 Assina, Valle 455. 
 Asso 4o5. 
 
 Astras dadaint 410. 
 — dadora 410. 
 — , Piz 410. 
 Atheuaz 220, 
 Attinghausen 103. 
 An, Convent near Ein- 
 
 siedeln 99. 
 — , in the Rhine Valley 
 
 341. 
 — , on the Lake of Zii- 
 
 rich 41. 
 — , Waggithal 42. 
 Auberg, the Grosse 42. 
 St. Aubin 202. 
 Aubonne 224. 221. 234. 
 Au Devant 243. 
 Audon, see Oldenhorn. 
 Audoz, Crete d' 221. 
 Auenguter 62. 
 Augio 380. 
 Augst 18. 
 
 Augstbord Pass, the 319. 
 Augstholz 131. 
 Augstkummen-Matt 323. 
 Augstmatthorn , the 153. 
 Aul, Piz 362. 363. 
 Ault, Piz 365. 
 Aurona. Punta d' 300. 
 -, Bocchetta d^ 300. 
 Ausserbinn 306. 
 Auvernier 199. 
 Avants, Les 232. 242. 
 Avegno 433. 
 Aven 244. 
 Avenches 207. 
 Aveno 449. 
 Aven tin a Alp 337. 
 — , Glacier 337.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 461 
 
 Averser Thai, the 374. 
 Avigna, Val 410. 
 Avise 283. 
 
 Avril, Mont 294. 295. 
 Avrona 409. 410. 
 Avusy 220. 
 Axalp 174. 
 Axalphorn 174. 
 Axenberg, the 84. 102. 
 Axenfels 82. 
 Axenstein 82. 
 Axenstrasse, the S3. 
 Ayas, Val d' 336. 
 Ayent 190. 
 Ayer 316. 311. 
 Ayerne, Roc d' 247. 
 Aymaville 2S3. 
 Ayutz, Piz 408. 
 Azzano 452. 
 
 Baar 73. 
 Baceno 309. 
 Bachalp, the 167. 
 Bachistock, the 66. 
 Bachtel, the 42. 47. 
 Bachtelen 140. 
 Bacone, Piz 388. 
 Baden 19. 
 Badile, Piz 414. 
 Badus, the HI. 367. 
 Bageschwand-Hcihe 130. 
 Bagnes, Val de 293. 
 Baldegg 132. 
 Baldeg-er See 132. 
 Baldenstein, Castle 371. 
 Bale 2. 
 Balen 334. 
 Balerna 431. 
 Balfrinhorn, the 333. 
 Ballaigues 208. 
 Ballaliina 381. 
 Ballenbuhl, the 131. 
 Balliswvl 203. 
 Ballwvi 131. 
 Balmaz, La 237. 
 Balme 260. 295. 
 -, Aig. de 276. 
 — , Col de 275. 
 — , Chalet h la 278. 
 — , La 276. 282. 
 Balmenhorn, the 827. 
 Balmeregghurn 123. 
 Balmhorn, the 182. 187. 
 Balmuccia 445. 
 Balmwand, the 64, 
 Balsthal 13. 
 
 Baltschiederjoch, the 187, 
 Balzers 342. 
 Bandlauinenwand 162. 
 Bange, Grotte de 254. 
 Bannio 329. 445. 
 Bantiger 140. 
 Baradello, Castello 455. 
 
 Baranca, Col di 445. 
 Barasso 437. 
 Barats, Les 269. 
 Barbe 437. 
 
 Barberine, the 272. 248. 
 — , Col de 248. 274. 
 Bard 286. 
 Bardonneche 255. 
 Baregg, the 165. 
 Barenburg 374. 
 Barenhorn, the 362. 
 Baretta Balma 352. 
 Bargis 361. 
 Barma, La 293. 311. 
 Barmaz, La 337. 
 Barmes 316. 
 Barni 455. 
 Baro, Monte 454. 
 Barr Glacier, the 319. 
 Barr Pass, the 320. 
 Barrhorn, the 319. 
 Barschis 45. 
 Barschwyl 9. 
 Barthelemy, Val St. 285. 
 Bartholomaberg 423. 
 Baseglia, 31t.^ 406. 
 Basel, see Bale. 
 Baselaugst 3. 18. 
 Basodine, the 309. 434. 
 Bassecourt 10. 
 Basset, Le 230. 
 Batiaz, La, Castle 237. 
 Batie, Castle 265. 
 — , Bois de la 220. 
 Battenalp, the 174. 
 Batzenheid 58. 
 Bauen 82. 84. 
 Banma 47. 
 
 Baumgarten Alp, the 62. 
 Baveno 439. 
 Bavona, Val 434. 
 Bazberg, the 111. 
 St. Beatenberg 146. 
 Beatenbucht 146. 
 Beatenhohle, the 147. 
 St. Beatusbad 147. 
 Beaufort 256. 
 Beaulmes, Aig. de 202. 
 Beauregard, Castle 199. 
 Beckenried 80. 
 Bedeglia, Alp 432. 
 Bedretto 304. 
 - , Val 304. 
 Bee 433. 
 Beglingen 44. 
 Beichlirn, the 298.299. 
 Beichpass, the 299. 
 Beinwyl 132. 
 Bei Kheinfelden 23. 
 Belachat, Plan 268. 
 Belalp, the 298. 
 Belalphorn, the 298. 
 Belchamp 25S. 
 
 Belfaux 205. 
 Belfond 198. 
 Belfort, ruin 381. 357. 
 Belgirate 442. 
 Bellagio 450. 
 Bellano 449. 
 Bellarma 447. 
 Bellavista. the 430. 438. 
 
 — Pass, the 401. 402. 413. 
 Bella Tola, the 318. 
 Bellegarde on the Rhone 
 
 252. 
 
 — in the Jaunthal 192. 
 Bellenhochst 153. 
 Bellentre 256. 
 Bellerive on the Birs 10. 
 
 — (Lake of Geneva) 245. 
 Belleville 256. 
 Bellevue 22c3. 
 
 — , Pavilion de277. 
 Bellinzona 425. 109. 
 Belmistock, the 103. 
 Bel Oiseau, the 272, 274. 
 Belotte 245. 221. 
 Belp 140. 
 Belpberg 140. 
 Belvedere (Macngnaga) 
 330. 
 
 — (Little St. Bernard) 
 282. 
 
 Bendlikon 41. 
 Bene-Grona 447. 
 Benken 43. 
 Benzenschwyl 22. 
 Be'ranger, Col de 278. 
 Be'rard, Valle'e de 263. 
 
 272. 
 — , Cascade a 272. 
 Bercher 227. 
 Bercla, Val 385. 
 Bergamo 414. 45i. 
 Bergell, the Vallevof415. 
 Bergli, the 120. 166. 
 Bergli Hut 166. 162. 
 Bergli-Joch, the 169. 175. 
 Berglistock, the 169. 366. 
 Bergue, La 261. 
 Bergiin 381. 
 
 Bergiiner Stein, the 381. 
 Beringeu 23. 
 Berisal 300. 
 Borlingen 25. 31. 
 Born 134. 
 St. Bernard, the Great 
 
 290. 
 — , the Little 282. 279. 
 S. Bernardino 379. 
 — , Pass 379. 
 S. Bernardo 429. 
 Bernegg, the 49. 
 Bernetsmatt 114. 
 Bernex 220. 
 Bernhalden, Alp 58.
 
 462 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bernina, the 396. 
 
 — , Hospice 403. 
 
 — , Houses 402. 
 
 — , Pass, the 404. 411. 
 
 — , Piz 401. 
 
 Berninabacb, the 394. 
 
 396. 
 Berninascharte, the 401. 
 Beroldingen 82. 
 Berra, the 205. 
 Bertol, Col de 313. 328. 
 — , Dents de 313. 
 Bescha, Munt della 398. 
 Besnate 437. 
 Besozzo 437. 
 Besso, the 317. 
 Besson 244. 
 Betemps Hut 327. 
 BetUs 43. 
 Betschwanden 61. 
 Betta 336. 
 Bettaforca, the 336. 
 Bettelmatt 303. 
 Bettelried 188. 
 Bettfluh, the 144. 
 Bettlihorn, the 300. 306. 
 Bettliner Pass 336. 
 Bettmeralp, the 306. 
 Bettmerhorn, the 306. 
 Bettmersee, the 306. 
 BettoUna 336. 
 Beuggen 8. 23. 
 Bevaix 202. 
 Bever. Val 393. 404. 
 Beverin, Piz 373. 
 Bevers 404. 
 Bevieux 236. 
 Bevilard 11. 
 Bex 235. 
 
 Bianca Valley, the 329. 
 Bianco, Corno 335. 
 Bianco,Pizzo(Macugnaga) 
 
 330. 
 
 — (Bernina) 401. 
 Biasca 108. 370. 
 Biaschina, the 108. 
 Biaufond 198. 
 Biberbriicke 97. 
 Biberegg 99. 
 Bibern 25. 
 BiberUkopf, the 43. 
 Biberstein, Castle 22. 
 Bideneck, Schloss 421. 
 Bider Glacier 333. 
 Bief dEtoz 198. 
 
 Biel in the Canton of 
 Bern 11. 
 
 — in the Valais 305. 
 Bielenstock, the 117. 
 Bieler Hohe 423. 
 Bienenberg 12. 
 Bienne 11. 194. 
 — , Lake of 194. 
 
 Bies Glacier, the 321. 
 
 — Joch, the 320. 
 Bietschhorn, the 187. 
 Bietschjoch, the 187. 
 Bietschthal, the 297. 
 Biferten Glacier 61. 63. 
 
 — Stock, the 61. 63. 363. 
 Biglenalp, the 162. 
 Bignasco 433. 
 
 Bigorio 429. 
 Bilten 42. 
 Binn 306. 
 
 Binnenthal, the 306. 
 Binningen 8. 
 Biollay 288. 
 Bionaz 313. 
 Bionnassay 277. 
 — , Aig. de 277. 270. 
 — , Glacier de 277. 
 Bionnay 260. 
 Biot, Le 245. 
 Bioux 209. 
 Birmensdorf 70. 
 Bironico 426. 
 Birrfeld 19. 
 Birrwvl 132. 
 Birs, the 9. 12. 
 Birseck, chateau 9- 
 Birsigthal, the 8. 
 Bisbino, Mte. 453. 
 Bischofzell 47. 
 Bise, Cornettes de 246. 
 Bisithal, the 65. 
 Biise, Sentier du 190. 
 Bissone 430. 446. 
 Bistenen Pass 321. 300. 
 Bististaffel 320. 
 Bitabergo, Lago di 387. 
 Bitto, Val del 414. 
 Bitzistock, the 127. 
 Bivio 385. 
 Blackenalp 121. 
 Blackenstock, the 121. 
 St. Blaise 194. 
 Blaitiere, Aig. de 266. 
 
 268. 
 — , Cascade de 265. 
 Blanc, Mont 269. 
 Blanchard, the 246. 
 Blankenburg 188. 
 Bias, Piz 366. 107. 
 Blatten 342. 159. 
 Blattje, see Plattje. 
 Blauberg, the 113. 
 Blaue Gletscher, the 168. 
 
 — Schnee, the 56. 
 Blaue See, the 180. 
 Blauen, the 9. 
 Bleneias, Alp 363. 
 Blenfo, Val 363. 369. 
 Blevio 453. 
 Blickenstorf 73. 
 Blindenhorn 30i. 
 
 Blinden Thai, the 304. 
 
 BHtzingen 305. 
 
 Blonay, near Vevey 229. 
 
 — , near Evian 246. 
 
 Blonniere, la 257. 
 
 Blove 254. 
 
 Bludenz 422. 
 
 Blume, the 146. 
 
 Blumenstein, Baths 143. 
 
 Bliimlisalp, the 181. 
 
 — Glacier, the (TJri) 85. 
 
 121. 
 (Kandersteg) 159. 
 
 181. 
 Bliimlisalphorn, the 181. 
 Blumlisalp-Rothhorn,the 
 
 181. 
 Bliimlisalpstock, the 181. 
 Blummattalp 319. 
 Boarina Alp 368. 
 Boccareccio,Passo del 307. 
 Bocca E-ossa 307. 
 Boccioleto 445. 
 Bochard, Aig. du 266. 
 Bocken 73. 41. 
 Bockitobel, the 122. 
 Bockli, the 103. 
 Bocktschingel, the 115. 
 Boco 445. 
 Bcdeli, the 149. 
 Boden Glacier 324. 
 Bodengo, Val 380. 377. 
 Bodensee, the 28. 
 Bodio 108. 
 Bodmen 356. 
 Bodmer, Castle 350. 
 Bodmer Glacier 302. 
 Boege 262. 
 Boeuf, Pas du 318. 
 Boezinsen 11. 
 Boftlens 208. 
 Boganggen. Alp 159. 
 Boglia, Mte. 429. 
 Bognanco, Val 303. 
 Bohl 153. 
 
 Bois, Les 267. 271. 
 — , Glacier des 266. 271. 
 — , Tete de 289. 
 Boletto 444. 
 Bella, Alp 429. 
 Bolladore 417. 
 Boliingen 41. 43. 
 Boltigen 191. 
 Bolzano 444. 
 Bommen Alp 55. 
 Bonaduz 370. 360. 
 Bonatchesse 294. 
 Bonaveau, Chalets of 247, 
 
 246. 
 Bondasca Glacier, the 416. 
 -, Val 418. 
 Bonder-Krinden 186. 
 Bonderlenthal 185.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 463 
 
 Bonderspitz, the 185. 
 
 Bondo 416. 
 
 — , Forcella di 414. 416. 
 
 Bonhomme, Col du 279. 
 
 — , Croix du 279. 
 
 Boni 123. 
 
 Bonigen 173. 148. 
 
 Boniswvl 132. 
 
 Bon-Naht, the 260. 278. 
 
 Bonne 262. 260. 
 
 Bonneval 279. 
 
 Bonneville 259. 
 
 Bonport 230. 
 
 Bons-St. Didier 221. 252. 
 
 Bonstetten 70. 
 
 Bonvillars 202. 
 
 Bonvin, Mont 297. 
 
 Borca 330. 
 
 Borce 248. 
 
 Bordon, Garde de 317. 
 
 Borgeau, Le 287. 
 
 Borgnone 433. 
 
 Borgo S. Agostino 453. 
 
 — Vico 431. 453. 
 
 Borgofranco 287. 
 
 Borgomanero 444. 
 
 Borgonuovo 415. 
 
 Borly 261. 
 
 Bormio 417. 
 
 — , Baths of 418. 
 
 Bornand, Petit and Grand 
 
 258. 
 Bornengo, Passo 367.106. 
 Borromean Islands 440. 
 Bors, Alp 335. 
 — , Glacier 335. 
 Bortelalp, the 300. 
 Bortelhorn, the 300. 
 Borterthal, the 318. 
 Bosa, Passo di 433. 
 Bosalgau. Alp 153. 
 Boschia 407. 
 Bosco 309. 433. 
 —y. Val di 433. 
 Bosses, Val des 292. 
 — , Cabane des 270. 
 Bosses deDromadai re 270. 
 Bossey 252. 221. 
 Bosson, Bees de 311. 315- 
 Bossons, Glacier des 268. 
 — , Les 268. 
 Boswyl 22. 
 
 Botsch, Val del 406. 410. 
 Bottarello, Pizzo 333. 
 Bottiglia, Col della 446. 
 Bottmingen 8. 
 Botzberg, the 18. 
 Botzenegg 18. 
 Boudry 201. 
 Bougy 22i. 
 — , Signal de 224. 
 Boujean 11. 
 Bouquetin, the 317. 314. 
 
 Bouquetins, Col des 314. 
 — , Dent des 312. 314. 
 Bourdeau 251. 
 Bourdigny 220. 
 Bourg St. Maurice 282. 
 
 256. 
 — St. Pierre 289. 
 Bourget, Le 254. 
 — , Lac du 252. 253. 
 Bourgillon 204. 
 Boussine 294. 
 — , Tour de 294. 
 Bouveret 246. 254. 
 Boval 397. 
 Boveresse 200. 
 Bovernier 283. 
 Boveyre, Glacier de 289 
 Bozingen 11. 
 Braga, Poncione di 434. 
 Brail 405. 
 
 Bramberg, the 203. 
 Bramegg, the 129. 
 Bramois 310. 
 Brand 92. 422. 
 Brandlisberg, the 142. 
 Brandlisegg, the 153. 
 Brandner Thai, the 422. 
 Branson 238. 
 Brasses, Pointe des 262. 
 Brassus, Le 209. 224. 
 Bratz 422. 
 Braulio, the 418. 
 — , Mte. 418. 
 Braunegg, Schloss 22. 
 Braunwaldberg 61. 62. 
 Bre 429. 
 — , Monte 423. 
 Bregaglia, Val 414. 
 Bregalga, Val 374. 
 Bregenz 424. 
 Breil 338. 
 Breitenboden, Alp 168. 
 
 169. 
 Breithorn, near Zermatt 
 
 325. 
 — ,theLauterbrunnen 187. 
 — , the Lotschenthaler 
 
 299. 
 Breitlauenen 152. 
 Brembana, Val 414. 
 Bremgarten 134. 
 Breuet, Lac 209. 
 Brenets, Les 199. 
 — , Lac des 199. 
 Breney, Col de 295. 311. 
 — , Glac. de 294. 
 Brennet 23. 
 Brenno, the 108. 369. 
 Brenva, Glac. de 280. 
 Breonna, Col de 317. 
 — , Couronne de 311. 317. 
 Bressonaz 206. 
 Brestenberg 132. 
 
 IJretaye 235. 240. 
 Breuil 338. 
 Bre'vent, the 268. 
 — , Col du 263. 
 Breya, la 288. 
 — , Col de la 28S. 
 Briancon , Notre - Dame 
 
 de 256. 
 Brianza, the 464. 
 Bricolla, Alp 314. 
 — , Pointe de 314. 
 
 , Col de la 314. 
 
 Brides-les-Bains 256. 
 
 Brieg 298. 
 
 Brienno 462. 
 
 Brienz in the Canton of 
 
 Bern 172. 
 
 — (Grisons) 357. 381. 
 — , Lake of 172. 
 Brienzwyler 172. 
 Brig 298. 
 
 Brigels 363. 
 
 Brigelser Horn, the 363. 
 
 364. 
 Brigue 298. 
 BrindlistatTel 109. 
 Brione 432. 
 Brisi, the 44. 
 Brissago 435. 
 Bristen 114. 
 Bristenstock, the 104. 
 Brizon 260. 
 Broc 192. 
 Brocard, Le 287. 
 Broglio 434. 
 Brolla, Ponte 433. 432. 
 Brontallo 434. 
 Brothiisi 191. 
 Brouillard , Glacier du 
 
 270. 
 Brozet, Glacier du 189. 
 — , Col du 238. 
 Bruchberg 191. 
 Brugg 18. 
 Briigg 12. 
 Bruggen 48. 
 Brugnasco 106. 
 Brule, Mont (near Orsie- 
 
 re?) 28x 293. 
 
 — (Val dHerens) 310. 
 
 , Col du 313. 
 
 Briilisau 65. 
 Brunate 453. 454. 
 Briindlenalp 78. 95. 
 Bruni- 125. 
 
 Brunig-Pass, the 124. 125. 
 Brunneggborn, the 819. 
 Brunnegg-Joch, the 320. 
 Brunnen 82. 102. 
 ISrunnenstock, the 128. 
 Brunni 95. 
 
 Brunni Glacier, the 115 
 
 — Pass, the 115. 366.
 
 464 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Brunnistock, the 85. 
 Brunnithal, the 64. 115. 
 Brusimpiano 446. 
 Brusin-Arsizio 446. 
 Brusio 412. 
 Brusson 336. 
 Bubendorf 12. 
 Bubikon 42. 
 
 Buccione, Castello di444, 
 Buchberg , the , in the 
 Rhine Valley 341. 
 
 — on theLinth Canal 43. 
 41. 
 
 Buchs 342. 
 Buchs-Dallikon 20. 
 Budden, Capanna 285, 
 Buet, the 263. 272. 
 Buffalora Alp 406. 417. 
 Biihlalpe, the 119. 85. 
 Biihlbad, the 180. 
 Buhler 54. 57. 
 Biihlstutz 180. 
 Buin, Piz 362. 407. 423. 
 Biilach 47. 
 Bulle 240. 
 Bills, Alp 45. 
 Bumplitz 203. 
 Bundalp, the 159. 
 Bunderbach 180. 
 Biindnerbergfirn, the 361. 
 Biinzen 22. 
 Buochs 80. 
 
 Buochser Horn 80. 119. 
 Buonaa 96. 
 Biiren 16. 80. 
 Burg, the 167. 
 Burgdorf 17. 
 Burgeis 420. 
 Biirgeln 124. 
 Biirgenstock, the 93. 
 Burgfeldstand, the 147, 
 Burgfluh, the 191. 
 Burghalden 97. 
 Burgistein 143. 
 Burglauenen 160. 
 Biirglen (Thurgau) 47. 
 
 — (Uri) 103. 
 
 Biirglen Sattel, the 191. 
 Burier 234. 
 Biirs 422. 
 Bursinel 234. 
 Burtigny 224. 
 Burvagn 384. 
 Bnscagna Alp 307. 
 — , Passo di 300. 
 Biisingen 25. 
 Bussalp, the 167. 
 Busserailles, Case, de 338. 
 Bussigny 203. 
 Busswyl 12. 
 
 Buthier, the 283. 285. 292. 
 Biitscheggen 185. 
 Biitschelegg 140. 
 
 Butschwyl 58. 
 Buttes 200. 
 
 Buttlassen, the 159. 180, 
 Btitzberg 17. 
 
 Cabbiolo 379. 
 Cabione 432. 
 Cacciabella Pass, the 388. 
 
 415. 416. 
 — , Piz di 416. 
 Cadabbi, Passo del 378. 
 Cadagno 107. 
 Cadempino 426. 
 Cadenabbia 450. 
 Cadenazzo 426. 431. 435. 
 Cadlimo, Val 107. 366. 367. 
 
 363. 
 — , Bocca di 106. 
 Cadonighino, Alp 43 i. 
 Cadval 385. 
 Cagliatscha, ruin 373. 
 Caille, la 258. 
 Caillet, le 266. 
 Cainallo, Alp 450. 
 Cairasca, Val 302. 
 Calanca, Val 380. 
 Calanda, the 349. 
 Calasca 329. 
 Calde 437. 
 Calfreisen 357. 
 Calmot, the 366. 
 Caltignaga 444. 
 Cama 380. 
 
 , Bocchetta di Val 380. 
 Camadraj Cima 363. 
 
 Val 363. 
 Camana Alp, the 360. 
 Cambotte, la 254. 
 Cambrena, Piz 402. 403. 
 Glacier, the 402. 403. 
 Pass, the 402. 413. 
 Cambriales, Piz 115. 
 Camedo 433. 
 Camerlata 455. 
 Camischolas 366. 
 Camnago 454. 455. 
 Camoghe (ValPiora) 107. 
 — ,Mte. (nearLugano)429. 
 
 426. 
 Camona, Alp 363. 
 Camorino 426. 
 Canaoscio, Corno del 335. 
 Campagnola 286, 
 Campascio 412. 
 -, Piz 403. 
 Campedello 416. 
 Camperio, Hospice 369. 
 Campertogno 445. 
 Campfer 391. 
 
 Lake of 390. 
 Campi, ruined castle 371. 
 Campino 441. 
 Campioli 329. 
 
 Campione 446. 
 
 — , Mte. 453. 
 
 Campo (Val Eovana) 433. 
 
 — (Lake of Como) 452. 
 
 — (Val Viola) 404. 
 — , Colle di 404. 
 — , Corno di 404. 
 — , Val 368. 
 
 — , Valle di 404. 411. 433. 
 Campo Cologno 412. 
 
 — Dolcino 376. 
 
 — Moro, Val 401. 
 
 — Tencia 434. 
 Campolungo Pass 434. 
 Camporciero, Val 286. 
 Campovasto 405. 
 Campra 369. 
 Campsut 374. 
 Canardhorn, the 352. 
 Canaria Valley 106. 367. 
 CancianoPass,the 402.413. 
 Caniciil 374. 
 
 Cannero 437. 
 Cannobbio (Lago Mag- 
 
 giore) 436, 
 Cannobbino, Val 436, 
 Canobbio (near Lugano.) 
 
 429. 
 Canols 883. 
 Canova 370. 407. 
 Cantone Glacier, the 388. 
 Cantii 455. 
 Canzo 455. 
 
 — , the Corni di 453. 454. 
 Capella 405. 355. 
 Capello, Alp 449. 
 Capolago 388. 430. 
 Capriasca, Ponte 429. 
 Caprino, Monte 429. 
 Carale, Piz 403. 
 Carate 452. 
 Carcegna 442. 
 Carcoforo 445. 
 Cardinell, Gorge 376. 
 Carema 287. 
 Careno 452. 
 Carimate 455. 
 S. Carlo (Val d'Anzasca) 
 
 329. 
 
 — (Val Bavona) 434. 
 
 — (Val Blenio) 369. 
 
 — (Val Piora) 107. 
 
 — (Val Poschiavina) 412. 
 
 — fS'-al Viola) 404. 417. 
 Carlotta, Villa 450. 
 Carmenna Pass 358. 
 Carouge 220. 
 
 , Chateau 207. 
 Carrel, Capanna 338. 
 Carrera 360. 
 Cartigny 220. 
 Casaccia (Val Bregaglia) 
 
 414.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 465 
 
 Ca?accia, Hospice on the 
 
 Lukmanier 369. 
 Casana, Val 405. 
 — , Pass and Piz 352. 405. 
 Casanella, Piz 405. 
 Casanna, the 352. 
 Casate 451. 
 Casbeno 437. 
 Caslano, Monte 446. 
 Casneda 436. 
 Casnile Pass, the 388. 415. 
 Cassano 454. 
 Cassarate 427. 428. 
 — , Val 428. 
 Cassons, Alp 361. 
 Castagnola 428. 438. 447. 
 Castasegna 416. 
 Castel 335. 336. 
 — , Chateau 25- 
 Castelfranco Glacier 328. 
 
 330. 
 Castello 429. 447. 
 — , Cima di 388. 415. 
 Castelmiir, Ruin 415. 
 Castiel 357. 
 Castiglione 452. 
 — d'Ossola 329. 
 Castione 3S0. 109. 413. 
 Cantor, the 336. 
 Cataeggio 413. 
 S. Caterina del Sasso 
 
 437. 
 Catogne , Mont 288. 
 Catscharauls 115. 
 Cauma Lake 361. 
 Caux, Mont 232. 
 Cavaglia 403. 
 Cavalcorto 414. 
 Cavandone 439. 
 Cavanna Pass 116. 
 Cavardiras, Piz 116. 
 Cavel, Piz 363. 364. 
 Cavel-.Toch (Somvixer 
 
 Thai) 363. 364. 
 Cavell-Joch (Pratigau) 
 
 350. 
 Cavergno 434. 
 Cavio, Cima di 416. 
 Cavloccio Lake, the 387. 
 Cavorgia 365. 
 Cavreccia, Val 385. 
 Cecilia, Capanna 413. 
 Celerina 394. 
 — , Muottas da 397. 
 Cdligny 233. 223. 
 Cenere, Monte 426. 
 Cengalo, Piz 414. 
 Cenis, Mont 255. 
 Centovalli, Valley 433. 
 Centrale, Pizzo 112. 113. 
 Ceppina 417. 
 Ceppomorelli 329. 
 Cereda, Val 430. 
 
 Ceresio 446. 
 St. Cergues 224. 252. 
 Cerise 311. 
 Cerlier 194. 
 Cerniat 192. 
 Ccrnobbio 453. 
 Cerro 437. 
 Cervin, Mont 327. 
 
 Petit Mt. 326. 
 Cery 227. 
 Cesnola 287. 
 Cevins 256. 
 Cevio 433. 
 Chablais. the 245. 
 Chable 293. 
 Chables, Les 267. 271. 
 Chablettes, Les 263. 268. 
 Chailly 229. 230. 
 Chalame, Val 286. 
 Chalcliagn, Piz 397. 400. 
 Challant, Val 336. 
 Challaz, La 247. 
 Challes 255. 
 Cham 72.96. 
 Chambave 285. 
 Chambery 255. 
 Chambesy 233. 
 Chambreiien 197. 
 Chamois 338. 
 
 Col des 289. 
 Chamonix 264. 
 Chamossaire 235. 240. 
 Chamousset 255. 
 Champagna, Val 304. 
 Champ du Moulin 200.201. 
 Champatsch, Piz 409. 
 Champel sur Arve 210.211. 
 Champel (Montjoie- 
 
 Valley) 277. 
 Champelet 278. 
 Champery 247. 
 Champex 288. 
 
 Lac de 288. 
 Champlan 100. 336. 
 Champlong 406. 
 
 (Valtournanche) 337. 
 Champorcher, Val 286. 
 Champsec 293. 
 Chamuera, Val 405. 
 Chancy 252. 220. 
 Chandolin 239. 316. 
 Chanelaz 201. 
 Chanrion 294. 
 Chapeau, the 267. 
 Chapieux, Les, or 
 Chapiu 279. 
 Chapnis, Chalet 257. 
 Chapiitsch, the 390. 
 Chapiitschin, Piz 390. 400. 
 — , Fuorcla 401. 390. 
 Chardonnet, Aig. du 272 
 — , Col du 272. 
 — , Pav. du 272. 
 
 Baedekek, Switzerland. 15th Edition. 
 
 Charlanoz, Chal. de 268. 
 Charmettes, Les 255. 
 Charmey 192. 
 Charmilles, Lea 220. 
 Charmontel, the 207. 
 Charmoz, Aiguille de 266. 
 Charnadiira 393. 
 Charnex 230. 232. 
 Chartreuse 142. 
 Charvensod 284. 
 Chasseral, thel2. 194. 
 Chasseron, the 202. 200. 
 Chaste 389. 
 Chat, Col du 254. 
 Dent du 254. 
 Chateau des Dames 333. 
 Chateau d'Oex 242. 
 Chatel 192. 247. 
 Chatel St. Denis 241. 
 Chatelaine 220. 
 Chatelard, Le 261. 273. 
 — , Chateau 230. 
 Chatelet 239. 
 Chatillens 206. 
 Chatillon (Aosta Valley) 
 
 285. 337. 
 (Arve Valley) 260. 
 (Lac du Bourget) 253. 
 Chaudron, Gorge du 232. 
 Chaulin 232. 
 Chaumont, the 197. 
 Chaussy, Pic de 240. 243. 
 Chaux-de-Fonds, La 198. 
 Chavannes de Bogis 223. 
 Chavans en Haut 275. 
 Chavonnes, Lac des 234. 
 Chavornay 203. 
 Checouri, Col de 281. 
 Cheggino 442. 
 Cheuiin 288. 
 Mont 288. 
 Chemonal 335. 
 Chenalette, the 291. 
 Chene 259. 243. 
 Chenens 205. 
 Chermignon 184. 
 Chermontane, Grande 294. 
 
 313. 
 
 , Col de 313. 3'28. 
 Chesalette, the 192. 
 Chesalettcs, Col des 206. 
 Chesieres 235. 
 Chessel 246. 
 Chetif, Mont 281. 
 Cheville, Pas de 244. 
 Chevres, Pas de 313. 311. 
 Chevrier 259. 
 Che.xbres 206. 
 — , Signal de 206. 
 Chevres 205. 
 Chiaolavuot 355. 381. 
 Chiamut 367. 
 Chiareggio 388. 
 
 30
 
 466 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Chiasso 431. 
 Chiavenua 376. 
 Chiesa 388. 413. 
 Chiesaz, La 229. 
 Chietres 208. 
 Chiggiogna 108. 
 Chignin-lea-Marches 265. 
 Chillon, Castle 232. 
 Chilnaux, Castle 205. 
 Chippis 315. 
 Chironico, Val 432. 
 Choglias, Val 410. 
 Choindez 10. 
 Chosalets, les 271. 
 Chougny 221. 
 Chrischona 8. 
 Chiiern, Crap da 388. 
 Chuffort 197. 
 Chiinetta, the 397. 
 Chur 347. 
 
 Churburg, Castle 420. 
 Churer Alpen, the 358. 
 Churer .loch, the 383. 
 Churfirsten, the 44. 
 Churwalden 383. 
 Cierfs 406. 
 Cima 447. 
 Cimalmotto 433. 
 Cimamulera 329. 
 Cimbro 437. 
 Cimes Blanches, Col dea 
 
 337. 
 Cingino, Pizzo del 303. 
 — , Lr.go 303. 
 Cinuskel 405. 
 Ciprianspitz, the 350. 
 Ciraun 373. 
 Cistella, Mte. 310. 
 G ttiglio 437. 
 Civello 437. 
 Civenna 451. 455. 
 Civiasco 444. 
 Clarens 229. 230. 234. 
 Clariden, the 64. 115. 
 Claridengrat, the 115. 
 Clariden-Pass, the 63. 1J5. 
 Claridenstock, the 115. 
 Claro 109. 
 — , Pizzo di 109. 
 Clavadel 355. 
 Clavalit^, Val 285. 
 (31euson, Col de 293. 
 Cleva Grossa, Alp 337. 
 Clugin 373. 
 Cliinas, Piz 409. 
 Clusaz, La 258. 
 Clusanfe, Col de 247. 248. 
 
 274. 
 Clusanfe, Alp 248. 
 Cluse, La, near Pontai-lier 
 
 201. 
 — , near Aosta 292. 
 — , Montagne de la 254. 
 
 Cluses 260. 
 
 Cocco, Forcarella 432. 
 Cocqnio 437. 
 Codelago, Lake of 307. 
 Codera, Val 377. 
 Coglio 433. 
 Cogne, Val de 283. 
 Coire 347. 
 
 Col des Roches 199. 
 Colico 449. 377. 
 Colla 429. 434. 
 Collognasca 433. 
 Collon, Col de 312. 
 — , Mont 312. 313. 
 — , Petit Mt. 313. 
 Collonge 245. 
 Collonges 252. 
 Colma, Col di 444. 
 Cologny 221. 245. 
 S. Colombano, Corno d 
 
 404. 418. 
 Colombey 247. 
 Colombier 201. 
 — , the 252. 
 Colonges 231. 
 Colonno 452. 
 Coltura 415. 
 
 Columbe, Passo 369. 107 
 Comacina, Isola 452. 
 Comano 429. 
 Combal Lake 280. 
 Comballaz 243. 
 Combin, the Grand 289. 
 
 293. 294. 
 Combin de Corbassiere. 
 
 the 291. 293. 
 Combloux 256. 
 Comboe 284. 
 Cornelia, Passo di 433. 
 Commugny 223. 
 Como 454. 
 
 Lake of 448. 
 Comologno 433. 
 Concise 202. 
 Concordia Hut, the 162, 
 
 166. 305. 
 Condemine 292. 
 Conlin, Fuorela del 352 
 Confinale, Passo 402. 413 
 Conflans 256. 
 Constance 28. 
 
 Lake of 28. 
 Constantia Hut 317. 314. 
 Contamines. Les 278. 
 Conters 351. 357. 384. 
 Conthey 244. 296. 
 Convers, Les 198. 
 Conversion, La 206. 
 Coppet223. 233. 
 Corandoni 107. 
 Corbario, Castello 425. 
 Corbassiere, Glac. de 293. 
 — , Combin de 291. 293. 
 
 Corbeyrier 235. 
 Corcelles, near Neuchatel 
 
 197. 
 — , near Avenehes 207. 
 — , near Grandson 202. 
 Corconio 444. 
 Corenno 449. 
 Corgemont 11. 198. 
 Corippo 432. 
 Corjeon, Dent de 241. 
 Cormoret 198. 
 Corna Rossa Pass 413. 
 Cornaux 194. 
 Cornera, Passo 3U7. 
 — , Val 367. 
 Cornet, Piz 410. 
 Corno, Val 308. 
 Coroi, Piz 363. 
 Corridor, the 270. 
 Cors, Chalet des 338. 
 Corsier 245. 221. 
 Cortaillod 202. 
 Corte 434. 
 Cortebert 198. 
 Cortlvs 830. 
 
 Corvatsch, Piz 390. 400. 
 — , Glacier 390. 400. 
 Corvo, Piz 369. 
 Cosio-Traona 414. 
 Cossogno 439. 
 Cossonay 203. 
 Costainas, Pass 410. 
 Cote, La 224. 
 Cotschen, Piz 407. 410. 
 Cottens 205. 
 Courfaivre 10. 
 Courgenay 10. 
 Gourmaveur 280. 
 Cournere, Col du Val 338. 
 Couronne, Col de 317. 
 Courrendlin 10. 
 Court 10. 
 Courtelary 193. 
 Courtes, Les 272. 
 Courtetelle 10. 
 Cousset 205. 
 Couvet 200. 
 
 Coux,CoIde248.245.262. 
 Cozzera 363. 
 Crammont, the 282. 
 Crampiolo 307. 
 Crana 433. 
 
 Crans, Chateau de 223. 
 Crap Alv 365. 382. 
 Crapanaira 381. 357. 
 Crapteig 371. 
 Crasta 389. 
 Crastagiizza 401. 
 Crasta Mora 382. 404. 
 Crastatacha 406. 
 Cravate, the 327. 
 Craveggia 433. 
 Craverola, Passo di 433.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 467 
 
 Cray, Mont 242. 
 Creccio, Colrao di 429. 
 Cremenaga 4i(j. 
 Cremeo 379. 
 Cremia 449. 
 Cremine 10. 
 Cresogno 447. 
 Cressa-Fontaneto 444. 
 Cressier 194. 
 
 Cresta in the Averser Thai 
 374. 
 
 — in the Engadine 394. 
 — , Lake 361. 
 Crestalta 390. 
 
 Cr^sus 192. 
 
 Cret, Col dii 298. 311. 
 
 Crete, La 274. 
 
 CrSte Seche, Col de 294. 
 
 Cretes, Les 240. 
 
 — , Chat, des 229. 
 
 Crettet 2.S8. 
 
 Creux du Van , the 200. 
 
 — de Champ, the 239. 
 Creva 446. 
 
 Crevola 302. 310. 
 Crey, Le 279. 
 Cribiasca, the 108. 
 Crin 438. 
 
 Criner Furca 309. 433. 
 Crion, Mont 262. 
 Crispalt, the 36G. 
 Crispausa 366. 367. 
 Cristallina Furca 434. 
 — , Piz 308. 484. 
 — , Col 868. 
 — , Passo 368. 
 — , Val 368. 434. 
 Cristannes, Piz 410. 
 S. Croce 416. 
 Crocetta, Lago della 
 
 403. 
 Crocione, Monte 451. 
 Credo 310. 
 Croix, la 240. 275. 
 — , Col de la 235. 240. 
 Ste. Croix 202. 
 Crot 374. 
 Croy 208. 
 Crozlina, Alp and Glacier 
 
 434. 
 Cruet 255. 
 Crugnolo 487. 
 Crusch 410. 
 
 Cruschetta, la 410. 420. 
 Crusinallo 4^13. 
 Cubli, Mont 232. 
 Cucciago 455. 
 Cuecione, the 447. 
 Cudrefin 208. 
 Cugnasco 481. 
 Ongy 205. 
 Culet, the 247. 
 Cully 206. 2-38. 234, 
 
 Culma 366. 
 Culoz 252. 
 Cumbels 362. 363. 
 Curaglia 368. 
 Carciusa Glacier 378. 
 — , Piz 379. 
 Curfir.sten, the 44. 
 Cursolo 436. 
 Curtinaccio 416. 
 Curtins 384. 389. 
 Curtniitscherhof 360. 
 Curver, Piz 373. 384. 
 Cuvio, Val 437. 
 Cuzzago 443. 
 
 Diichli, Untere."? andObe- 
 
 res 89. 
 Dachsen 26. 32. 
 Dach.sfelden 11. 
 Dagmersellen 20. 
 Daigra 363. 
 
 Dala, the 188. 184. 297. 
 Dala Glacier, the 187. 
 Dalaas 422. 
 Dalley, Case, du 274. 
 Dallenwyl 119. 
 Dallikon 20. 
 Dalpe 434. 
 Dalvazza 351. 
 Dammarirn, the 109. 
 Dammapass, the 110. 133, 
 Dammastock 128. 109. 
 Dame, La 197. 
 Dangio 360. 
 Danikon 20. 21. 
 Danofen 422. 
 Dard, Case, du 239. 269. 
 Dardin 363. 
 Darligen 145. 147. 
 Darrei, Ic 288. 
 Dartgas, Piz 63. 
 Datwyl 22. 
 Daube, the (Gemml) 182 
 
 — (Schynige Platte) 152 
 Daubenhorn, the 182. 
 Daubensee, the 182. 
 Davos am Platz 354. 
 
 — Dorfli 354. 353. 
 Davoser See, the 353. 354 
 Day, Le 208. 209. 
 Dazio Grande 107. 
 Deitingen 14. 
 Delebio 414. 4i9. 
 Delemont 10. 
 Delices, Les 220. 
 Delle 10. 
 
 Delsberg 10. 
 
 Dent Blanche 314. 327. 
 
 , Col de la 314. 
 
 , Glacier de la 314 
 
 Dentro, Val di iO\. 
 Dents Blanches, the 248 
 
 — de Vei.sivi 312. 
 
 Derborence, Lac de 244. 
 Derendingen 17. 
 Dervio 419. 
 Desio 455. 
 Ddvens 236. 
 Devero-Alp 307. 
 
 , Val 307. 810. 
 Devil's Bridge, the 110. 
 Diablereta, the 239. 244. 
 Diablons, the 817. 
 — , Col des 319. 
 Diavel, Passo del 406. 
 
 . Val del 406. 
 Diavolezza, La 400. 
 Diechterhorn, the 128. 
 Dielsdorf 46. 
 Diemoz 285. 
 Diemtigthal 191. 
 Dieni 366. 
 Diesbach 61. 141. 
 Diesrut, Pass 363. 
 Diessenhofen 25. 
 Dietfurt 58. 
 Dietikon 20. 
 Dietlikon 46. 
 Digg 360. 
 
 Dingv-St. Clair 257. 
 Dintikon 19. 22. 
 S. Dionigio 453. 
 Diosaz, Gorges de la 261. 
 Dischma-Thal 353. 355. 
 Disentis 365. 
 Disgrazia. Monte della388. 
 
 413. 
 — , Capanna della 413. 
 Distelalp, the 331. 
 Distel Glacier, the 299. 
 Distelhorn, the 298. 
 Divonne 228. 224. 
 Dix, Val des 811. 313. 293. 
 Dixenze, the 311. 
 Dogern 23. 
 Doire, the 280. 281. 
 Doldenhorn, the 181. 
 Dole, the 224. 
 Dolent, Col du Mont 272. 
 — , Mont 2Si. 272. 
 Dollfus, Pavilion 177. 165. 
 Dollone 281. 
 Dom, the 326. 833. 
 Domancy 260. 
 Domaso 449. 
 Domdidier 207. 
 Dome, Cabane du (Mont 
 
 Blanc) 270. 
 — , Glacier du 270. 
 Domene, Bains 205. 
 S. Domenica 380. 
 Dom-Joch, the 883. 
 Domleschg, the 370. 
 Domodossola 303. 442. 
 Dompierre 207. 
 Donath 373. 
 
 30*
 
 468 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Dongio 369. 
 Dongo 449. 
 Donnas 286. 
 
 Dora Baltea 280. 283. etc. 
 Dorine, the 256. 
 Dorio 449. 
 Dornacli 9. 
 Dombirn 424. 
 Doron, the 256. 
 Dosde, Pizzo di 404. 
 Dossen, the 92. 80. 
 Dossenhorn, the 170. 
 Dossenhiitte 169. 175. 
 Dotta, Alp la 403. 
 Dottikon 19. 21. 
 Dottingen 22. 
 Douanne 194. 
 Doubs, Cotes du 198. 
 — , Saut du 199. 
 Douglas Hut 422. 
 Doussard 257. 
 Douvaine 221. 
 Doveria, the 302. 
 Drance, the, in the Cha- 
 
 blais 245. 
 — , in the Valais 238. 275. 
 
 288. 293. 
 — , in the Val de Bagnes 
 
 Drecklochalp 62. 66. 
 Dreilanderspitze, the 423. 
 Dreilanderstein, the 97. 
 Drei Schwestern, the 842. 
 Dreisprachen.«pitze 419. 
 Droites, Les 272. 
 Dronaz. Pic de 291. 
 Dru, Aiguille du 266. 
 Drusenfluh, the 423. 
 Drusenthor, the 350. 423. 
 Duana, Passo della 374, 
 
 415. 
 — , Pizzo della 415. 374. 
 Diibendorf 42. 
 Dubino 377. 
 Ducan Pass, the 355. 
 — , Piz 355. 
 Diidingen 208. 
 Dufour-Spitze , the 326. 
 
 327. 330. 336. 
 Duggia Valley, the 445. 
 Duin, Tour de 236. 
 Duingt, Chateau 257. 
 Dundelsbach, the 124. 
 Diindenhorn, the 181. 
 Diinden Pass, the 159. 
 Dungel Glacier 189. 233. 
 Durand, Glacier de (in 
 
 the Val d'Her^mence) 
 
 294. 311. 813. 
 , in the Val de 
 
 Zinal 316. 
 — , Col 317. 328. 
 — , Mont 317. 
 
 Duranna Pass, the 357. 
 Durezza, La 410. 
 Durgin, Piz 63. 
 Durnant, Gorges du 287. 
 Diirrboden, the 355. 
 Diirrenasch 132. 
 Diirrenberg 159. 
 Diirrenbuhl 379. 
 Diissistock, the 115. 
 Duvin 362. 
 Dynhard 31. 
 Dza, Col de 338. 
 
 Eau-Morte 220. 
 — Noire, the 248. 272. 
 Eben Glacier, the 418. 
 Ebenalp, the 55. 
 Ebenrain, Chateau of 13. 
 Ebihorn, the 318. 
 Ebikon 72. 
 Ebligen 173. 
 Ebnat 58. 
 Ebnefluh, the 160. 
 Ebnetluh-Joch 160. 306. 
 Ebnit 238. 
 
 Ecandies, Pointe des 288. 
 Echallens 227. 
 Echelle, Pas de V 221. 
 — , Pierre a 1' 269. 
 Echevenoz. Les 292. 
 Eclepens 203. 
 Ecluse, Fort de F 252. 
 Ecoulaies, Glacier des 293. 
 Ecublens 206. 
 Edolo 413. 
 Effingen 18. 
 Effretikon 42. 46. 
 Egelshofen 31. 
 Egerkingen 13. 14. 
 Egg 98. 
 Eggen 301. 
 Eggenalp, the 325. 
 Eggenschwand 180. 
 Eggersried 53. 
 Eggfluh, the 333. 
 Egginerhorn, the 333. 
 Egginer Pass 333. 
 Eggishorn, the 305. 
 lEginen, Valley of 304. 303. 
 lEglio, Lago d' 436. 
 Eglisau 47. 
 Egnach 30. 
 lEgua, Col d' 445. 
 lEhrenfels 370. 
 |Ehrlose, the 131. 
 Eielenegg 96. 
 Eierhals 72. 
 Eigenthal 78. 129. 
 lEiger, the 165. 
 lEiger Glacier, the 162. 
 lEigerhohle, the 165. 
 Eigerjoch, the 166. 
 lEiken 18. 
 
 Einflschthal 315. 
 Einshorn, the 375. 
 Einsiedeln 98. 
 Eisboden, the 164. 
 Eisenkopf 422. 
 Elevaz 232. 
 Elgg 48. 
 Elm 67. 
 Elsighorn 186. 
 Elsliicke 306. 
 Emanev, Col d' 248. 274. 
 Emd 321. 
 Emdthal 179. 
 Emet, Lago di 374. 
 — , Alp 374. 
 Emilius, Mt. 284. 
 Emmen 131. 
 Emmenbrucke 21. 131. 
 Emmenmatt 131. 
 Emmenthal, the 17. 130. 
 Emmetten 80. 81. 
 Emmishofen 31. 
 Emosson 263. 274. 
 Ems 359. 
 
 Encel, Pas d' 247. 248. 
 Enclaves, Col d' 279. 
 End der Welt, the 120. 
 Engadine, the 386. 
 Enge, near Bern 140. 
 — , near the Giessbach 
 
 174. 
 — , near Ziirich 41. 
 Engelberg 120. 
 — , the 119. 
 Engelberg-Rothstockjthe 
 
 120. 85. 
 Engelhorn, the 169. 
 Engeloch 301. 
 Enggistein 131. 
 Engi 67. 
 
 Engstlenalp, the 126. 
 Engstlensee, the 127. 
 Engstlig Alp and Falls 
 
 (Adelboden) 185. 186. 
 Engstligen Alp 184. 
 Engstligengrat, the 186. 
 Ennenda 60. 
 Ennetbiihl 53. 
 Ennetlinth 62. 63. 
 Enney 241. 
 Entfelden 20. 
 Entlebuch 129. 
 Entlenthal 129. 
 Entova, Val 390. 
 Entremont Valley 288. 
 Entreroches, Canal d' 203. 
 Entreves 280. 
 Enzen Alp 175. 
 Enzisweiler 51. 
 Epagnv 241. 
 Ependes 203. 
 Epierre 255. 
 Eplatures 198.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 469 
 
 Eptingen 13. 
 
 Ei-ba 455. 
 
 — , Piano d' 454. 
 
 Erde 244. 
 
 Erguel, Chateau 198. 
 
 Eringer Thai 311. 
 
 Erlach 194. 
 
 Erlen 47. 
 
 Erlenbach in the Sim- 
 
 menthal 191. 
 Erlenbach , Lake of 
 
 Zurich 39. 
 Erlimoos 13. 
 Erlisbach 13. 21. 
 Ermatingen 25. 31. 
 Ermensee 132. 
 Err, Piz d' 385. 
 — , Val d^ 384. 
 Err Glacier 384. 
 Errjoch, the 384. 
 Erstfeld 103. 
 Erstfelder Thai, the 103. 
 Erzegg, the 123. 
 Erzingen 23. 
 Eschenbach 131. 
 Eschenthal, the 302. 
 Eschenz 25. 31. 
 Escher-Canal, the 44. 59. 
 Eschia, Alp 405. 
 Eschlikon 48. 
 Escholzmatt 130. 
 Esel, the 95. 
 Esen, Piz d' 405. 
 Esino 450. 
 Essets, Col des 236. 
 Estavayer 205. 
 Estelette, Glac. de V 280. 
 Etablons, Col des 296. 
 Etivaz 243. 
 
 Etoile, Mont de 1" 312. 
 Etrembieres 259. 221. 
 Etroubles 292. 
 Etsch, see Adige. 
 Ettenberg, the 70. 
 Ettingen 8. 
 Etzel, the 98. 
 Etzli Alp 366. 
 Etzlithal, the 104. 114. 
 
 866. 
 Etzweilen 31. 24. 
 Eugensberg 25. 31. 
 Euseigne 311. 
 Euthal, the 99. 
 Evancon, the 286. 
 Eveque, the 312. 
 — , Col de r 318. 328. 
 Everone Pass 405. 
 Evian 245- 252. 
 Evilard 12. 
 Evionnaz 287. 
 Evires 258. 
 Evithal, the lOi. 
 Evolena 311. 
 
 Ewig - Schneehorn , the 
 
 170. 177. 175. 
 Excenevrex 245. 
 Eyenalp, the 332. 
 Eyrs 420. 
 
 Fachsegg 153. 
 Fadera 350. 
 Faderhorn, the 330. 
 Faner Alp 160. 182. 299. 
 
 306. 
 Fahlensee 56. 59. 342. 
 Fahrvvangen 132. 
 Faido 107. 
 Fain, Val del 402. 
 Faldumpass, the 187. 
 Faldum-Rothhorn 187. 
 FalkenQuh, the 140. 141. 
 Falkenstein 13. 
 Falknis, the 348. 
 Fallbodenhubel, the 163. 
 Faller, Alp 334. 
 — , Val da 385. 
 Fallera 361. 
 Fallere, Mt. 285. 
 Fallerhorn, the 334. 
 Fallerjoch, the 385. 
 Fallern 15. 
 Fallistutz 323. 
 Fang 816. 
 Faoug 207. 
 
 Fardiin, ruined Castle 373. 
 Farnbiihl, Baths of 129. 
 Fatschbach, the 64. 
 Faucille, Col de la 224. 
 Faulen, the 62. 65. 66. 
 — , the Bose 62. 
 — , the Hohe 103. 104. 
 Faulenberg, the 171. 
 Faulensee 146. 173. 
 Faulensee-Bad 146. 
 Faulhorn, the 166. 
 Faverges 257. 
 Fay, Le 275. 
 Fayet, Le 260. 
 Fda, Tete a. 316. 
 Federia, Val 405. 
 Fedoz, Vadret da 388. 
 — , Val 890. 
 Fee 332. 
 
 — Glacier, the 332. 333. 
 
 — Pass 82S. 333. 
 Feissons - sous - Briancon 
 
 256. 
 Felben 47. 
 
 Feldbach 306. 25. 81. 
 Feldkirch 423. 
 Feldmeilen 39. 
 Feldmoos 128. 
 Felik Glacier 336. 
 Felikjoch, the 328. 
 Fellaria Glacier, the 401. 
 
 — Chalets 401. 413. 
 
 Fellers 361. 
 Fellilucke, the 104. 
 Felli-Thal, the 104. 
 Felsberg 359. 
 Felsenbach 350. 
 Felsenburg, the 180. 
 Felsenegg 71. 151. 
 Felsenhorn, the 186. 
 Felsenthor (Rigi) 86. 87. 
 
 88. 
 Fenalet 248. 
 Fenetre, Col de (Gr. St. 
 
 Bernard) 291. 
 
 — (Val de Bagnes) 295. 
 — , Glac. de 295. 
 Fenis, Castle of 285. 
 Ferache 281. 
 Fer-a-Cheval , Valle'e du 
 
 263. 
 Ferden 186. 
 
 — Pass, the 187. 184. 
 
 — Rothhorn 187. 
 Ferdinandshohe 419. 
 Feriolo 439. 
 
 Fermel,Valley of 188.191. 
 Ferney 219. 
 
 Ferpecle 313. 
 
 — , Glacier de 314. 
 
 Ferrera 373. 445. 
 
 — Valley 373. 
 Ferret 282. 291. 
 — , Col 281. 291. 
 
 — , Valley of 281. 287. 
 Ferro, Sasso del 437. 
 Fervento 445. 
 Festi Glacier, the 321. 326. 
 Fetan 407. 409. 
 Feuerstein 124. 130. 
 Feuerthalen 23. 
 Feuillerette-Alp 184. 
 Feusisberg 97. 
 Fex-Glacier, the 889. 
 — , Valley of 389. 401. 
 Fex-Roseg, Fuorcla 401. 
 
 390. 
 Fex-Scerscen , Fuorcla 
 
 390. 402. 
 Fianell Pass 384. 
 — , Piz 3S4. 
 Fibbia, the 112. 
 Fidaz 361. 
 St. Fiden 49. 
 Fideris 360. 
 — , Baths of 351. 
 Fideriser Alp 357. 
 Ficno, Passo 402. 
 Fior, the 258. 
 — , Defile du 254. 
 — , Gorges du 254. 
 Fiore 336. 
 Fiernaz 338. 
 Ficrv 336. 
 Fiesch 305.
 
 470 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Fiescher Alp 305. 
 Fiescher Glacier (Grin 
 
 delwald) 165. 166. 
 Fiescher Glacier (Valais) 
 
 178. 305. 
 Fiescher Grat 166. 
 Fiescherliorn, the Kleine 
 
 166. 
 Fiescher Joch. the 166. 
 Fiesso 107. 
 Figino 446. 
 FUisur 381. 
 Fillar Alp 330. 
 Fillarkuppe, the 328. 330. 
 Fillarpass, the 328. 
 Fille-Dieu, La 205. 
 Filzbach 44. 
 Fimber Pass 410. 
 Fimberthal 410. 
 Findelen 324. 325. 
 Findelen-Glacier, the 324, 
 
 325. 352. 
 Finero 437. 
 Finge 297. 
 Finhaut 273. 
 Fins-Hauts 273. 
 Finsteraar Glacierl65.177. 
 Finsteraarhorn 177. 165. 
 
 306. . 
 Finsteraarjoch 165. ITS. 
 FinstermiLnz 421. 
 
 — Pass 421. 
 Fionney 293. 
 Fiorina, Val 309. 434. 
 Fisi Alp 181. 
 Fisistock, the 181. 187. 
 Fiume Latte, the 450. 
 Flaine, Lac de 260. 
 Flamatt 203. 
 Flaschen-Alp 175. 
 Flascherberg, the 343. 
 Flatzbach, the 394. 395. 
 
 396. 
 Flawyl 48. 
 Flechere 262. 
 Fleckistock, the 110. 
 Flegere, the 267. 
 Flendruz 192. 
 Fless Pass, the 352. 
 Fless, Val 352. 353. 
 Fletschhorn. the 301. 
 Fleurier 200. 
 Flies 421. 
 
 Fliesbordkamm 57. 
 Flieas Alp 56. 
 Flims 361. 
 Flimser Alpen 68. 
 
 — See, the 361. 
 
 — Stein 361. 
 Flirsch 422. 
 
 Floria, Aig. de la 268. 
 Florissant 220. 
 Fluchthorn, the 407. 
 
 Fliiela-Pass, the 353. 
 
 — Valley 363. 
 Fluelen 84. 102. 
 Fluh, village 424. 
 Fluh Alp (Loeche) 184. 
 
 187. 
 
 — (Findelen) 325. 332. 
 
 — Lake 189. 
 
 Fllih Lakes, the 385. 
 Fluhberg, the 42. 
 Fliihen 8. 110. 
 Fliihli 130. 
 Fliihmatt, the 120. 
 Flumet 256. 238. 
 Flums 45. 
 Fluntem 33. 
 Flurins 409. 
 Fobello 445. 
 Follaterres, les 238. 
 Folligen 81. 
 Folly, La 282. 272. 
 Fond de la Combe 263. 
 Fondei 357. 
 Fondo Toce 439. 
 Fonds, Valle'e des 263. 
 — , Col des 263. 
 Fongio 107. 
 Fontaine, La 275. 
 Fontaine-Dessous 289. 
 Fontainemore 336. 
 Fontana 304. 409. 434. 
 
 — Chistaina 411. 
 Fontanella 434. 
 Fontauna, Alp 355. 
 Foo-Pass, the 68. 
 Foppa, Alp 361. 
 
 — Pass 346. 
 Foppiano 309. 
 Fora, Piz 380. 
 Foraz, Piz 410. 
 Forbisch, Piz 386. 
 Forcellina, the 374. 
 Forclaz, La 235. 
 
 — , Col de la, near St. 
 
 Gervais 261. 
 . near Martigny 273. 
 
 275.' 
 — , Vald'Herens311.313. 
 Forcletta, Pas de la 319. 
 
 317. 
 Forcola, Passo della 3S0. 
 Forest Cantons, the 78. 
 Formazza Valley 309. 
 Forno Alp 307. 
 
 — Glacier, the 387. 
 — . Mte. 387. 
 
 — Pass 388. 414. 
 — , Scatta del 433. 
 Foroglio 434. 
 Foron, the 259. 261. 
 Fort, Mont 293. 
 Foscagno Pass 417, 
 Fouilly, Le 261. 
 
 Fourche, Petite 276. 
 Fours, Col des 279. 
 — , Pointe des 279. 
 Fraele, Val 406. 417. 
 
 418. 
 Fragstein, Caatle of 360. 
 Frakmiind, Alp 96. 
 Frambonrg 209. 
 Franzenshohe 419. 
 Fraschels 203. 
 Frasco 432. 
 Frasse 203. 
 Frastanz 423. 
 Frau, the 181. 
 — , the Weisse 181. 
 — , the Wilde 180. 169. 
 Frauenbalmhiitte , the 
 
 159. ISO. 181. 
 Frauenfeld 47. 
 Frauenkirch 355. 
 Frauenthor, the 362. 
 Freibergen (Eigi) 87. 
 Freiburg 203. 
 Fremd-Vereina 352. 
 Frenieres 236. 
 Frenkendorf 12. 
 Fresnay, Glac. du 270. 
 Frete de Sailles 236. 
 Frety, Mont 281. 270. 
 Freudenberg. the 49. 
 — , Ruins 344. 
 Fribourg 203. 
 Frick 18. 
 Fridau 14. 
 Fridolin Hut 63. 
 Friedliswart 11. 
 Friedrichshafen 28. 
 Frinvillier 11. 
 Frisal. Piz 363. 
 — Val 363. 
 Frodolfo, the 417. 
 Frohburg, the 13. 
 Frohnalpstock, the (near 
 
 Brunnen) 83. 
 Frolichsburg, Ruin 420. 
 Frolichsegg 57. 49. 
 Fromberghorn, the 144. 
 Fronalp, the 60. 
 Fronalpstock (near Gla- 
 
 rus) 60. 
 Fronscha, La 364. 
 Frontenex 256. 
 Frudiera, Punta 336. 
 Fruitier, Pav. du 2S0. 
 Friimsel, the 44. 
 Frundenhorn, the 181. 
 Friindenjoch, the 181. 
 Frut, Auf der 308. 
 Frutbach, the 63. 
 Frutberg, the 64. 
 Fruthwald 309. 
 Frutigen 180. 
 Fruttli 88.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 471 
 
 Ftur, Val 406. 
 Fuentes, Rniu 377. .1J4. 
 Fuldera 406. 410. 
 Fulensee 103. 
 Fuorcletta, the 410. 
 Fuorn 406. 
 Fuorns 368. 
 Furca, the 117. 
 — , the Criner 309. 
 Furcla, Vii 366. 
 Furcletta, the 359. 403. 
 Furgg Alp 333. 
 
 — Glacier 303. 325. 327. 
 
 — Joch, the 327. 
 
 — Valley 303. 333. 
 Furggenbaumhorn 300. 
 Furggenbaumpass 300. 
 Furggi-Alp 186. 
 Furggle, the 63. 
 Furka, the 117. 
 Furkahorn (Furka) 117. 
 
 — (Arosa) 358. 
 Furkel, the 62. 
 Furna 350. 
 Furom 410. 
 Fiirrenalp, the 120. 
 Fiirstenau, Castle 370. 
 Fiirstenburg, Castle 420. 
 Furth 362. 
 
 Furtschellas, the 389. 
 Furtwang Sattel 128. 176. 
 Furva, Val 418. 
 
 Fusio 434. 
 Fusshdmer, the 298. 
 Futschdl Pass, the 407. 
 
 Gabelhorn, the 316. 324. 
 Gabiet Alp, the 335. 
 Giibris, the 54. 
 Gahy 336. 
 Gaden-Alp 332. 
 Gadmen 128. 326. 
 Gadmenthal, the 128. 
 Gadmor Fliihe 126. 128. 
 Gagenhaupt, the 324. 
 Gaglianera, Piz 363. 364. 
 Gais 54. 
 
 Galbiga, Monte 451. 
 Galeustock, the 117. 
 St. Gall, Hc-'pice 368. 
 Gallarate 442. 437. 
 Gallegioue, Piz 416. 374. 
 St. Gallon 4>!. 
 Gallenkirch 423. 
 Gallina, Piz 304. 
 Gallivaggio 376. 
 Galmhorn, the 184. 
 Galmis 192. 
 Galmitz 208. 
 Galtiir 407. 
 
 Gamchi Glacier 159. ISO. 
 Gamchiliicke,thel59. ISO. 
 Gammer rhein, the 366. 
 
 Gampel 186, 297. 
 Gamperton-Thal 423. 
 Gams 59. 342. 
 Gamsboden 111. 
 Gamsen ^98. 
 Gamser Glacier 301. 
 
 — Joch 301. 333. 
 Gamsliicke 177. 306. 
 Gamsstock. the HI. 
 Gandeug Hut 325. 327. 
 Gandria 447. 
 Ganuerathal, the 423. 
 Ganter Bridge, the 300. 
 Gantrist Pass 191. 143. 
 Gargellenthal, the 423. 
 Carina, Cima 368. 
 Garschenthal, the 117. 
 Garstelet Glacier 328. 335. 
 Garzirola, Mte. 429. 
 Gaschurn 423. 
 Gastern 187. 
 
 Gastern Valley, the 159. 
 
 181. 187. 
 Gasterndorf 187. 
 Gasternholz 187. 
 Gastlose, the 192. 
 Gatschiefer, the 351. 
 Giitterli 92. 
 Gauer Thai, the 423. 
 Gauli Glacier 170. 175. 
 
 — Pass 170. 175. 177. 
 Gavirate 437. 
 
 Ge'ant, Col du 270. 281. 
 — , Aiguille or Dent du 
 
 281. 270. 
 — , Glacier du 266. 270. 
 — , Grotte du 33S. 
 Gebhardsberg, the 424. 
 Geissberg, the 120. 126. 
 Geissholz 170. 175. 
 Gei^spfad Pass, the 307. 
 Geisterspitze, the 419. 
 Gele, Jlont 294. 295. 
 Gelfingen 132. 
 Gellihorn, the 182. 
 Gelmerhorn, the 176. 30o. 
 Gelmersee, the 176. 
 Geltenbach, the 181. 188. 
 Gelten Glacier 192. 238. 
 
 — Pass, the 238. 
 Gelterkinden 13. 
 Genieinen Wesen, Alp 
 
 67. 58. 
 Gemmenalphorn 147. 153. 
 Gemmi, the 182. 
 Gemonio 437. 
 Gemsfayrenstock 62. 
 Gemshorn, the 333. 
 Gemsmattli, the 94. 
 Gemsstein, the 336. 
 Generoso, Monte 430. 
 Geneva 209. 
 — , Lake of 222. 
 
 Geueveys, LesHauts- 197. 
 
 — sur-Coffrane 197. 
 Genf, see Geneva. 
 St. Genix 220. 
 Genthalalp, the 125. 126. 
 Genthod 223. 233. 
 Gentilino 428. 
 
 St. Georgen, near St. Gal- 
 
 len 57. 
 — , Chapel, in the Rhine 
 
 Valley 370. 3i5. 
 St. Georges 224. 
 Gera 436. 
 Geren Pnss 304. 
 Gerenthal, the 304. 
 Gerihorn 180. 
 St. Germain 282. 286. 
 Germanello 452. 
 S. Germano 287. 
 Germignaga 436. 446. 
 S. Gerolamo 454. 
 Gerona. Val 453. 
 Gerra 432. 
 Gers, Lac de 263. 
 Gersau 80. 
 
 Gerstenhorn, the 303. 
 St. Gervais 260. 
 
 , Baths of 260. 
 Geschenen (Reuss Valley), 
 
 see Gdschenen. 
 
 — (Rhone Valley) 3U4. 
 Gessenav 192. 
 
 Gets, Les 245. 262. 
 
 Gex 224. 219. 
 
 — , Pays de 223. 
 
 Gfall Alp 187. 
 
 Ghifla 437. 
 
 Ghirone 363. 
 
 S. Giacomo on the Ber- 
 nardino 379. 
 
 in the Liro Valley 376. 
 • near Sedrun 366. 
 
 — d^Ayas 336. 
 
 — di Fraele 406. 417. 
 Pass, the 309. 106. 
 
 St. Gian ;'.94. 
 S. Giano 437. 
 Giardino, Alpe 441. 
 
 iarsun 407. 
 Giavino 445. 
 Giazza, Val 430. 
 Gibloux, the 205. 
 Gibswyl 47. 
 
 Giebel , the 65. 124. 141. 
 Gierm, Val 365. 
 Giossbach, the 173. 
 sssen 306. 
 
 — Glacier 162. 
 Gictroz, Glacier de 294. 
 
 Alp 294. 
 
 Hotel du 294. 
 Giettaz, La 26S. 
 GillVe, the 248. 260.
 
 472 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Giglistock, the 128. 
 
 Gignod 292. 
 
 Gillv 224. 234. 
 
 Giinel 224. 
 
 Gimmelwald 157. 
 
 Gingins 224. 
 
 St. Gingolph 246. 252. 
 
 St. Gion. Hospice 368. 
 
 Giop, Alp 393. 
 
 Giornico 108. 
 
 S. Giovanni, Island in the 
 
 Lake of Como 452. 
 — , — in the Lago Mag 
 
 giore 438. 
 Girespitz 56. 
 Giselafluh, the 21. 
 Gisikon 72. 
 Giswil 124. 
 Giswiler Stock 124. 
 Git, Piz 115. 366. 
 Gitschen, the 84. 103. 
 Gittana 449. 
 Gittaz, La 279. 
 Gitte, the 256. 
 Gitzi-Furgge,thel84. 187. 
 Giubiasco 426. 435. 
 Giuf, Val 366. 
 Giufplan 417. 
 Giulia, Villa 451. 
 S. Giulio, Island 443. 
 Giumaglio 433. 
 Giumella Pass 380. 
 Giumels, the 382. 
 S. Giuseppe, Cant. 113. 
 Glacier, dig. du 279. 
 Glaciers, Les 279. 
 — , Glacier des 278. 279. 
 — . Val des 279. 
 Gland 234. 
 Glaris, see Glarus. 
 — in the Davos 356. 
 Glamisch, the 66. 
 — , the Hinter 66. 
 — , the Mittel 66. 
 — , the Ruchen 66. 
 — , the Vorder 60. 66. 
 Glarnischhiitte, the 66. 
 Glarun, Crap 365. 
 Glarus 60. 
 Glary, Alp 239. 
 Glas Pass, the 360, 371. 
 Glatt Alp 65. 
 Glattenfirn 103. 
 Glattfelden 47. 
 Gleckstein, the 168. 166. 
 Glecktobel 343. 
 Glenner, the 360. 362. 
 Gleresse 194. 
 Gletsch. Im 303. 
 Gletscheralp 332. 333. 
 Gletscherhom , the 128. 
 
 160. 189. 
 Gletscherstaffel 299. 
 
 Gletschhorn, the 117. 
 Gliems Glacier 63. 
 Gliemspforte, the 63. 
 Glims. Alp 407. 
 Glion 331. 
 Glis 298. 
 
 Glishorn, the 298. 299. 
 Glockhaus 123. 
 Glockthurm, the 421. 
 Gloggeren, the 56. 
 Glovelier 10. 
 Gluringen 305. 
 Glurns 420. 
 Gliischaint, Piz 390. 395, 
 
 401. 
 — , Fuorcla 401. 
 Gnepfstein, the 94. 
 Gnifetti, Cap. 328. 336. 
 , Punta 327. 330. 336. 
 Gnippen 101. 
 Gnof, Alp 114. 
 GoiUet 337. 
 Goldach 50. 
 Goldau 101. 
 Goldbach 17. 39. 
 Golderen 171. 125. 
 Goldiwyl 142. 
 Goldswyl 151. 173. 
 Golese, Col de 248. 245. 
 
 262. 
 Golzern Alp, the 114. 
 Gomagoi 419. 
 Gondo 302. 
 Gonten, Baths 48. 
 Gontenbach 39. 
 Gontenbad 48. 
 Gonzen, the 46. 342. 
 Goppenstein 186. 
 Gorbs-Bachj the 346. 
 Gordola 431. 
 Gordona 377. 880. 
 Gorezmettlen Alp 129. 
 Gorgier 202. 
 
 Corner Glacier, the 323. 
 — Gorge 322. 
 
 Grat, the 323. 
 Gcischenen 105. 109. 
 
 Thai, the 109. 
 Goschener Alp, the 109. 
 Gosgen, Castle of 21. 
 Gossau 48. 47. 
 Gotschna, the 352. 
 S. Gottardo, Sasso di 112. 
 Gotteron, Pont de 205. 
 St. Gotthard, the 112. 
 
 Pass of 112. 
 — , Hospice 112. 
 
 Eailwav 100. 
 
 Road 104. 110. 
 
 Tunnel 105. 
 Gottlieben 25. 31. 
 Gottmadingen 24. 
 Gottschalkenberg 97. 
 
 Gotzis 424. 
 
 Gouille, Chalets of 312. 
 
 — , Mt. de la 290. 
 
 Goule. La 198. 
 
 Goumois 198. 
 
 Gouter, Dome du 270. 
 
 — , Aiguille du 270. 
 
 Gozzano 441. 
 
 Grabs 59. 
 
 Grafenort 119. 
 
 Graggihtitte 128. 
 
 Grammont, the(Chablais) 
 
 246. 
 Grandate 437. 
 Grand Bornand 258. 
 Grand Combin, the 289. 
 
 293. 294. 
 Grand Cornier 314. 317. 
 — , Col du 314. 
 
 — Desert 293. 
 
 — Lac 337. 
 
 — Moeveran, the 236. 243. 
 
 — Muntoir 257. 
 
 — Moulin 337. 
 
 — Plan 288. 
 
 — Planay 262. 
 
 — Plateau 270. 
 
 — Saconnex 219. 
 
 — Saleve 220. 
 
 — Tournalin 338. 
 
 — Villard 241. 
 Grande Combe 290. 
 
 — Dent 312. 
 
 — Fourche 272. 288. 
 
 — Gorge, the 221. 
 Grandes Roches, the 
 
 227. 
 Grandola 447. 
 Grands Autannes 276. 
 
 — Montets, Col des 272. 
 Grands Mulets, the 270. 
 Grandson 202. 
 Grandval 10. 
 Grandvaux 206. 
 Granfelden 10. 
 Granges 296. 
 
 — , Les 274. 
 
 — Marnand 207. 
 
 — Keuves 293. 
 Grangettes 276. 
 Granier, Mont 255. 
 Gran-Semetta 337. 
 Granois 239. 
 Grapillon, Pas du 282. 
 Graplang, Ruins 45. 
 Grasonet 271. 
 Grassenpass, the 121. 
 St. Grat 284. 
 Gratschlucht Glacier 118. 
 Grau-Haupt, the 336. 
 Grauhorner, the 346. 
 Graun 420. 
 Graustock, the 126.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 473 
 
 Gravasalvas, Fuorcla d 
 
 385. 
 Gravedona 449. 
 Gravellona 443. 439. 
 Greifensee, the 42. 
 Greifenstein 341. 381. 
 Greina Pass, the 363. 
 Grellingen 9. 
 Gremenz 315. 
 Grenchen 16. 
 Grengiols, Bridge of 307. 
 Grenoble 255. 
 Grenzach 23. 
 Grenz Glacier 327. 328. 
 Greppen 96. 
 Gressoney St. Jean 335. 
 
 — la Trinitc 335. 
 — , Val 335. 
 Gresy-sur-Aix 254. 
 
 — sur-lsere 256. 
 Gresy, Cascade de 254. 
 Greyerz 241. 
 Grialetsch Glacier 353. 
 Griatschouls, Piz 405. 
 Griaz, La 277. 
 
 — , Glacier de 261. 
 Gries Glacier, theCValais) 
 308. 
 
 (Clariden) 64. 115. 
 
 (Todi) 63. 
 
 Gries Pass, the 808. 
 Grieset, the 62. 66. 
 Griessen 23. 
 
 — Glacier, the 120. 
 Griesseren Glacier 301. 
 Grigna, Monte 450. 
 Grimbachthal 191. 
 Grimence 315. 
 Grimisuat 190. 
 Grimmenstein, Ruins 50. 
 Grimmi, the 191. 
 Grimsel, the 178. 
 
 — , Hospice, the 176. 
 Grimsel n 190. 
 Grindelalp, the 167. 
 Grindelwald 163. 
 
 — Glaciers 104. 
 Grins 421. 
 Griosch 410. 
 Grisch, Piz 373. 384. 
 Grisons, Canton 346. 
 Grivola 283. 
 Grodei 188. 
 Groisy-le-Plot 258. 
 Grolley 205. 
 Grona 447. 
 
 Grond, Piz 362. 
 Gronda, Val 385. 
 Grono 310. 
 Grosina, Val 417. 
 Grosio 417. 
 
 Gros-Jean, Tete du 244. 
 Grosotto 417. 
 
 Gros-Planay 241. 
 Grosshorn 187. 
 Gross-Lauteraarhorn 166. 
 Gross-Litzner, the 352. 
 Grosf'-Lohner 186. 
 Gross-Nesthorn 299. 
 Gross-Schreckhom 165. 
 Gross-Seehorn 352. 
 Gross-Spannort, the 121. 
 Gross-Strubel 186. 189. 
 Grossthal, the 85. 
 Gross-Vermunt-Alp 423. 
 Gross -Wannehorn 305. 
 Grotte aujt Fees, the 237. 
 
 — aux Fours 201. 
 
 — du Geant 333. 
 Grovella 309. 
 Grub 53. 
 Gruben 319. 
 Grubenberg, the 192. 
 Gruben Pass 351. 423. 
 Gruetta 281. 
 
 Griim , Alp 403. 
 Griine Alp 355. 
 Griinenberg, the 153. 
 Griinhornlucke 178. 306. 
 Griinsee. the 324. 
 Griisch 350. 
 Griisisberg 142. 
 Griitli, see Riitli. 
 Grutsch Alp 156. 
 Gruyeres 241. 
 Griize 47. 
 Grynau, Castle 43. 
 Gryon 240. 243. 
 Gschwandalp 95. 
 Gschwandenmad- Alp, 
 
 the 170. 
 Gspaltenhorn 180. 158. 
 Gspon 320. 
 Gstad 238. 
 Gsteig, near Interlaken 
 
 152. 154. 
 — , Sarine Valley 239. 
 Gsteigthal, the 239. 
 Gsteigwvler 152. 
 Gstein 301. 
 Gstiibt-Bach, the 65. 
 Gsur 186. 
 Guarda 407. 
 Guardavall , Ruins 405. 
 Guda Glacier 363. 
 Guerison, Notre Dame de 
 
 280. 
 Gueula,Coldela274. 263. 
 Gueuroz 237. 274. 
 Giiferhorn, the 378. 
 Guferplattcn-Alp 129. 
 Gugel, the 323. 
 Gugelberg, the 42. 
 Guggerniill, the 375. 
 Guggi Glacier 162. 166. 
 
 — Hut, the 162. 166. 
 
 Giiggisgrat, the 147. 
 Guin 203. 
 
 Gula, Ponte della 445. 
 GumQuh, the 192.242. 
 Giimlingen 131. 141. 
 Gummegg, the 131. 
 Gummihorn, the 152. 
 Gundlischwand 152. 160. 
 Gunten 146. 
 Gunz 44. 
 Guppen-Alp 61. 
 Giirbenbach, the 163. 
 Gurf 309. 
 
 Giirgaletsch, the 383. 
 Gurin 433. 
 
 Gurnigel, Upper 143. 191. 
 Gurnigelbad, the 143. 
 Gurro 436. 
 
 Gurschenstock, the 111. 
 Gurten, the 140. 
 Gurtepohl 423. 
 Gurtnellen 104. 
 Guschenkopf, the 346. 
 Guschihorn, the 307. 
 Guspis Valley HI. 
 GiLssfeldtsattel 401. 
 Giitsch, the (Lucerne) 77. 
 — (Brunnen)_82. 
 Guttannen 175. 
 Guttingen 31. 
 Giiz, Piz 389. 
 Gwachtenhorn, the 128. 
 Gwiirtler. the 126. 
 Gwatt 145. 188. 190. 
 Gvdisdorf 163. 
 Gyrenbad, the 47. 4S. 
 
 Haag 342. 59. 
 Ilabkern 153. 
 Habsburg, Ruins 22. 
 — , Neu-, Chateau 96. 
 Hacken, the 99. 
 Hagletschalp 153. 
 Hagnau 28. 
 Hahnenberg, the 119. 
 Hahnenmoos, the 186. 189. 
 Hahnenschritthorn 238. 
 Uaibiitzli, the 68. 
 Ilaldenstein 343. 349. 
 Hallwyl 132. 
 — , Lake of 132. 
 Hal-^^egg 164. 
 Haltenegg, the 142. 
 Hammetschwand, the 93. 
 Handegg Falls 176. 
 Hangendgletscherhorn, 
 
 the 170. 
 Hangbaum-Alp , the 85. 
 llangiiiesson, the 13. 
 Hanghorn, the 120. 
 Hannig Alp, the 332. 
 Hard, Chateau 25. 31. 
 Harder, the 101.
 
 474 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Haselinatt 72. 
 Hasenmatt, the IG. 
 Hasenstock. the 85. 
 Hasle 17. 130. 
 Ha^len 61. 
 Haslen See, the 59. 
 Haali, Valley of 171. 174. 
 Hasliberg, the 126. 171. 
 Hasli-Grund 175. 
 Hasli-Jungfrau, the 168. 
 Hasli-Scheidegg, the 169. 
 Hatzingen 61. 
 Hauderes 312. 
 Hauenstein 13. 
 — , the Obere 13. 
 Haupt, the 350. 
 Haupter Alpe, the 358. 
 Hauptweil 47. 
 Hauriithi 73. 
 Hauseck 178. 
 Hausen 71. 
 Hausstadt 172. 
 Hausstock, the 68. 60. 
 Haute-Combe 253. 
 Haute-Luce 256. 
 Hauteville 254. 
 — , Chateau 229. 
 Hauts-Geneveys, Les 197. 
 Hedingen 71. 
 Heerbrugg 341. 
 Heidegg 132. 
 Heidel Pa,ss, the 46. 
 Heiden 52. 
 
 Heider See, the 383. 420. 
 Heiligenschwendi 142. 
 Heiligkreuz 88. 130. 307. 
 Heimberg 142. 
 Heimwehfluh, the 150. 
 Heinrichsbad 48. 
 Heinzenberg 370. 
 Heldsberg 341. 
 Ste. Helene des Millieres 
 
 256. 
 Helsenhorn, the 307. 
 Hemishofen 25. 
 Hendschikon 19. 21. 
 Henggart 32. 
 Henniez 207. 
 Herbageres, Mont des 275. 
 Herblingen 24. 
 Herbrigen 321. 
 Heremence 311. 
 — , Val d' 311. 
 Kerens, Col d' 314. 328. 
 — , Dent d' 327. 
 — , Val d' 311. 
 Hergiswyl 93. 122. 
 Herisau 48. 
 Hermance 245. 
 Hermattje 324. 325. 
 Herrenberg 99. 
 Herrenriiti 120. 
 Herrgottswald 78. 
 
 Herrliberg 39. 
 Hertenstein 79. 
 Herthen 23. 
 Herzogenbuchsee 17. 
 Hettlingen 32. 
 Heuboden Alp 60. 
 Heustric bad, the 179. 
 Heuthal, the 402. 
 Heutte. La 11. 
 Hilfikon 132. 
 Hilterfingen 146. 
 Hindelbank 17. 
 Hinterburg See 174. 
 Hintergasse 422. 
 Hinter-Meggen 96. 
 Hinterrhein, Village 378, 
 Hinterrhein, the 378. 
 Hinterruck, the 44. 
 Hinweil 42. 
 Hirli, the 373. 
 Hirondelles, Col des 270 
 Hirschberg, theHohe54, 
 Hirschensprung 342. 
 Hirzboden 185. 
 Hirzel 73. 
 Hirzelhohe 73. 
 Hirzli, the 44. 
 Hitzkirch 132. 
 Hochbalen Glacier 333. 
 Hochdorf 131. 
 Hoch-Ducan, the 355. 
 Hoch-Etzel, the 9S. 
 Hoch-Finstermiinz 421. 
 Hochfluh 24. 80. 92. 174, 
 
 307. 
 Hochgallmig 421. 
 Hochkarpf, the 61. 
 Hoch-Ryalt, Ruin 371. 
 Hochst 185. 
 Hochstuckli, the 99. 
 Hochwacht (Albis) 39. 
 — , nearRegensberg 46. 
 — , on the Zugerberg 71. 
 Hoch-Wtilflingen 46. 
 Hockenhorn, the 187. 
 Hofersalpe, the 301. 
 Hoflnungsau 356. 
 Hohherg Glacier 326. 
 Hohbiihl, the 151. 
 Hohe Brisen, the 85. 118, 
 Hohe Faulen 103. 104. 
 Hohe Kasten, the 55. 342. 
 Hohes Licht, the 336. 
 Hohenems 424. 
 Hohenklingen 25. 31. 
 Hohenrain 131. 
 Hohen - Rhatien 371. 
 Hohenstollen 123. 171. 
 Hohentwiel 24. 
 Hohe-Rhonen, the 97. 40. 
 Hohe-Thurm, the 62. 
 Hohfliischen Alp 42. 
 Ilohtluh 171. 
 
 Hohgant, the 153. 
 Hohgleifen, the 187. 
 Hohle Gasse, the 97. 
 Hohlicht Glacier 321. 
 
 — Hut 327. 
 Hohmatt 123 
 Hohsaas 301. 
 Hohsand, Alp 308. 
 
 — Glacier 306. 307. 
 Hohthalisrat, the 323. 
 Hohtbiirli Pass, the 159. 
 
 — Clubhut 159. 
 Hohwang Glacier 318. 
 Holderbank 13. 
 Holle, the 71. 378. 
 Hollengraben, the 297. 
 Holstein 12. 
 Holzegg, the 101. 
 Holzlihorn 306. 
 Homberg, the 131. 132. 
 H^one-Bard 286. 
 Honegg 93. 
 
 Hopital 256. 
 Hopitaux, Les 209. 
 Horbachgiitsch 71. 
 Horben. Schlnss 22. 131. 
 Horbisthal, the 120. 
 Horgen 41. 73. 
 Horger Egg, the 73. 
 Horn 30. 50. 
 Hornfeli Alp, the 110. 
 Hornli (Adelboden) 185. 
 
 — (Arosa) 359. 
 
 — (Zermatt) 325. 
 Hornussen 18. 
 Horw 122. 
 Hospenthal 111. 
 Hospitalet, V 290. 
 Hottingen 33. 
 Houches, les 277. 261. 
 Hoverberg, the 51. 
 Huemoz 235. 
 
 Hiill Alp, the 115. 
 
 — Glacier, the 114. 115. 
 
 — Pass, the 115. 
 Hugisattel, the 177. 
 Hiihnerstock 113. 116. 
 Hiillehorn, the 307. 
 Hundschiipfi, the 125. 
 Hundshorn,the Great 159. 
 Hundsriicken 72. 
 Hiinegg, Chateau 142. 
 Huuggigiitsch 71. 
 Hunnenfluh 154. 
 Hunzenschwyl 22. 
 Burden 40. 
 
 Hurithal 65. 
 Hurnberg, the 131. 
 Hutegg 334. 
 Hutmad Alp 179. 
 Hutstock, the 120. 123. 
 Hiitten 97. 
 Huttwil 17.
 
 EVDEX. 
 
 475 
 
 Ibach 102. 
 Iberg 99. 
 Iberger Egg 99. 
 Iffigen, Chalets 189. 
 Iffigenalp 190. 
 Iffigen Fall, the 189. 
 Iffigensee, tlie 189. 
 Ignes, Ca.Hc. des 312. 
 Ilanz 361. 
 lies, Les 271. 
 Ilfingen 11. 
 Illgraben, the 297. 
 Illhorn, the 316. 
 Illiez, Val d' 247. 
 lUklamm, the 423. 
 Illmenstein Alp 175. 
 Im Boden 175. 
 Imfeld 306. 
 Im Hof 175. 
 St. Imier 198. 
 Im Lereh 332. 
 Immensee 96. 
 Immensee-Kiissnacht 97. 
 
 100. 
 Immenstaad 28. 
 Incino 455. 
 Inden 184. 
 
 Indren Glacier 328. 335. 
 Ingenbohl 102. 
 Inkwyl 17. 
 
 Inn, the 388. 395. 404. etc. 
 mnere Thurm, the 331, 
 Innerthal 42. 
 Innertkirchen 175. 
 Inschi 104. 
 Inschi Tunnel 104. 
 Intelvi Valley 447. 4o2. 
 Interlaken 148. 
 Intra 438. 
 Intragna 433. 
 Introhbio 449. 
 Introd, Chateau 283. 
 Introzzo 449. 
 Ippolita Pass 328. 
 Ischa. Alp 355. 
 Ischgl 410. 
 Isella 334. 
 Iselle 3U2. 
 Iseltenalp, the 152. 
 Iseltwald 173. 
 Isenaux 239. 
 Isenfluh 154. 
 Isenthal, the 84. 85. 
 Isere, the 255. 256. 
 Isla Persa 400. 
 Isleten 84. 
 Islikon 47 
 IsolaintheEngadine 388. 
 
 — on the Spliigen 376. 
 Isola Bella 440. 
 
 — S. Giovanni 438. 440. 
 
 — S. Giulio 443. 
 
 — Madre 440. 
 
 Tsola dei Pescatori, or 
 
 Superiore 440. 
 Isolaccia 404. 417. 
 Isorno. Val 433. 
 Ispra 435. 
 Issime 336. 
 Issogne 286. 
 Itroz 274. 
 Ivrea 287. 
 
 Jacol)sbad 48. 
 Jacobshiibeli , the 142. 
 St. Jacob (Isenthal) 85. 
 
 — (Unterwalden) 93. 
 .Jagerhorn , the o28. 330 
 .lagerjoch, the 328. 
 Jiigernstocke, the 64. 
 Jagerriicken, the 330. 
 .Ta^i Glacier 306. 
 Jaiilet, Col 268. 
 .Taman 232. 
 — , Dent de 232. 242. 
 — , Colde la Dent de 242, 
 — , Lac de 2i2. 
 .Tamthal, the 407. 
 Janzo, Ca' di 335. 
 Jardin (Chamonix) 267. 
 
 — (Argentiere) 272. 
 Jiitzalp, the 68. 
 Jaun 191. 
 
 Taun, Valley of 192. 
 Javernaz, Croix de 236. 
 
 237. 
 Jazzi, Chalets de 330. 
 -, Cima di 326. 330. 
 
 — Glacier, the 328. 330. 
 Jiizzihorn, the 303. 
 Jazzikopf, the 328. 
 .Tazzi Pass, the 328. 
 St. Jean d^Aulph 245. 262. 
 
 — de Maurienne 265. 
 
 — de Sixt 258. 
 Jenatz 350. 
 Jenins 343. 
 Jenisberg 356. 
 St. Jeoire 2B2. 
 Jenrs, Les 276. 
 Jochli 85. Hi). 
 Joch Pass, the 127. 
 Joderhorn, the 331. 
 St. Johann 41. 
 
 am Platz 354. 
 — , Alt 58. 
 — , Neu 58. 
 Johannisburg 41. 
 Joli, Col 256. 278. 
 -, Mont 21.0. 278. 
 Jolimont, the 194. 
 Jumein 338. 
 St. Jon 409. 
 , Piz 409. 
 Jona 42. 
 iJonswvl 58. 
 
 Jorasses, the 281. 
 Jorat, Mont 226. 
 Jordils 226. 
 Jorgenberg 363. 
 Jciri Glacier 352. 
 
 — Lakes 352. 
 Jfiri-Fless Pass, the 352. 
 S. Jorio, Passo di 449. 426. 
 St. Joseph am Giinsbrun- 
 
 nen 10. 
 Jougne 209. 
 
 Jouplane, Col de 245. 262. 
 Joux, La 271. 26S. 
 — , Col de 336. 
 — , Fort de 201. 209. 
 — , Lac de 209. 
 Jnu.xtens 227. 
 Jovet, Plan 278. 
 Juchli, the 121. 123. 
 Juchlistock, the 123. 
 Juf 374. 
 Julia, the 384. 
 St. Julien 252. 220. 
 Julier, the 385. 
 Julier, Piz 380. 386. 
 Julier-Scharte 390. 
 Jumeaux, Les, see Zwil- 
 
 linge. 
 
 — du Vallon 338. 
 Jungen 320. 
 Jung-Pass, the 320. 
 Jungfrau,thel61. 162.306. 
 — , the Hasli- 168. 
 Jungfraujoch 166. 306. 
 Jupiter, Plan de 292. 
 Jura, the 9. 15. 197. 224. 
 
 etc. 
 Jurten, see Mont Jorat. 
 Jussy 221. 
 Justisthal, the 146. 
 Juvalta 370. 
 
 Kiiferberg, the 46. 
 Kagiswyl 122. 
 Kaien, the 53. 
 Kaiserangst 18. 
 Kaisercggschloss. the 205. 
 Kaiserstock 84. 
 Kaiserstuhl, the 85. 124. 
 
 — on the Rhine 47. 
 Kalchthal. the 128. 
 Kalfeuser Thai , the 46. 
 
 68. 346. 
 Kalkberg, the 375. 
 Kalkstock, the 103. 115. 
 Kalli, the 165. 
 Kallnach 208. 
 K:ilperran 321. 
 Kaltbad, the(Rigi)86. 87. 
 Kaltbrunn 43. 
 Kaltwasser Glacier 300. 
 Kammer Alp 62. 
 Kammorstock, the 62.
 
 476 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Kammliliicke, the 115. 
 Kammlistock, the 115. 
 Kainor, the 55. 
 Kanal Glacier 363. 
 Kanalthal. the 363. 
 Kander, the 180. 187. etc 
 Kander Glacier, the 159. 
 Kandergrund 180. 
 Kandersteg 180. 
 Kandle, the 190. 
 Kanzli 349. 372. 
 Kapfenherg, the 43. 
 Kappel on the Albis 71 
 
 — in the Toggenburg 
 58. 
 
 Karpfstock, the 61. 68. 
 Karrenalp, the 65. 
 Karrholen, the 153. 
 Karstelenhach, the 104. 
 Kaserruck , the 45. 59. 
 Kastanienhaum 93. 
 Kastelen-Alp, the 78. 
 Kastelhorn, the 309. 
 Kastris 360. 
 Katzensee, the 20. 
 Katzenzagel, the 66. 
 Katzis 370. 
 Kaunserthal, the 421. 
 Kavestrau Grond 364. 
 Kehle Glacier 109. 128. 
 Kehlen Alp 128. 
 Kehlhof 40. 
 Kehrbachi 308. 
 Kehrsatz 143. 
 Kehrsiten 93. 
 Kemptthal 46. 
 Kerenzen-Berg, the 44. 
 Kerns 123. 93. 
 Kernwald, the 93. 
 Kerzers 208. 
 Kesch, Piz 355. 381. 405. 
 Kesswyl 31. 
 Kestenberg 22. 
 Kienthal 180. 159. 
 Kiesen 141. 
 Kilchberg 41. 
 Killwangen 20. 
 Kinzig Pass, the 65. 
 Kippel 186. 
 Kirchberg 28. 
 — , the 62. 65. 
 Kirchenthurnen 143. 
 Kirchet, the 174. 
 Kirchspalt Glacier 158. 
 Kistenpass, the 63. 
 Kistenstein, the 357. 
 Kistenstockli, the 63. 
 St. Klaus 123. 
 Klausen-Pass, the 64. 
 Klein-Basel 3. 
 Buin, the 352. 
 
 — -Schreckhorn 165. 
 Spannort 121. 
 
 Klein-Thai, the, in the 
 Canton of Glarus 67. 
 
 , in the Canton of 
 
 Uri 85. 
 
 Kleinthaliirn, the 85. 121. 
 
 Klenenhorn, the 299. 
 
 Klimsenhom, the 95. 
 
 Klingnau 22. 
 
 Klonthal, the 66. 61. 
 
 KlonthalerSee,the67.61. 
 
 Klosterli (Rigi) 88. 
 
 Klosters 351. 
 
 Klosters Pass 852. 
 
 Klostersche Stiitz 353. 
 
 Klosterthal, the 422. 
 
 Klus in the Gastern Valley 
 187. 
 
 — in the Jura 13. 
 
 — in the Pratigau 350. 
 Knonau 71. 
 Knorihubel 131. 
 Koblenz 47. 22. 18. 
 Kohlerenschluchtl42 185. 
 Kohlgriibli 67. 
 Kollbrunn 47. 
 Kolliken 20. 
 Konigsfelden 18. 
 Konolfingen 131. 
 Krabelwand, the 88. 
 Kradolf 47. 
 
 Kranzbergflrn, the 160. 
 Krattigen 145. 179. 
 Krauchthal, the 67. 
 Krayalp, the 57. 
 Krazern Pass, the 58. 48. 
 Kreuz, the 350. 
 Kreuzberg, the 409. 
 Kreuzli Pass, the 116. 366. 
 Kreuzlingen 31. 
 Kriegalp Pass, the 307. 
 Kriens 77. 
 Kriesiloch, the 95. 
 Krinnen, the 189. 238. 
 Krinnenfirn, the 169. 
 Kronbtihl 49. 
 Kronlet, or Kronte 103. 
 Krontehiitte 103. 
 Krottenstein, Ruins 343. 
 Krummenau 58. 
 Kiiblibad, the 147. 
 Kiiblis 351. 
 Kiihalphorn, the 355. 
 Kiihalpthal, the 355. 
 Kiihboden 304. 
 Kiihbodenhorn 112. 304. 
 Kiihlauenen Glacier 162. 
 Kummenalp, the 187. 
 Kiinisbergli 185. 
 Kunkels 346. 
 
 — Pass, the 346. 
 Ktipfen 359. 
 Kurzegg 49. 53. 
 Kurzenburg, the 49 
 
 Kiisnacht on the Lake of 
 
 Zurich 39. 
 Kiissnacht on the Lake of 
 
 Lucerne 96. 
 Kyburg, the 47. 
 
 Laaswald 143. 
 
 Laax 361. 
 
 Lac dvis Chalets 235. 
 
 — Noir 205. 235. 
 Lacerandes , Pointe des 
 
 291. 
 Lachat, Mont 277. 
 Lachen 41. 
 Laconnex 220. 
 Ladis, Baths 421. 
 Ladtsteg 303. 
 Lagalb, Piz 403. 
 Lagant, Alp 422. 
 Liigerngebirg, the 19. 46. 
 Laghetto, Passo di 432. 
 Laglio 452. 
 Lago, Cima di 374. 
 — , Alpe del 432. 
 Lago Bianco 403. 
 
 — Ceresio 446. 
 
 — Maggiore 435. 
 
 — Minore 403. 
 
 — Nero 403. 
 
 — Spalmo, Cima 404. 
 Lagone, Val 440. 
 Lagrev, Piz 389. 
 
 Lai 333. 
 
 Laiblau, Piz 366. 
 Lain 383. 
 Laisch, Alp 409. 
 Lambro, the 455. 
 Lanimern Glacier, the 
 
 186. 182. 189. 
 Lampertsch Alp 363. 
 Lancebranlette, the 282. 
 Lancettes , Glacier des 
 
 278. 
 Lancey 294. 
 Lancy 220. 
 Land'eck 421. 
 Landenberg, the 123, 
 Landeron 194. 
 Landli 72. 
 Landmark 342. 53. 
 Landquart 343. 350. 
 Landskron 8. 
 Lange Fluh, the 332. 333. 
 Langen 422. 
 Langenbruck 13. - 
 Langenegg 63. 
 Langenfluh Glacier 326. 
 Langenthal 17. 
 Langnau 130. 
 Langneibad, the 143. 
 Langtauferer Thai 420. 
 Lang-Thai, the 307. 
 Lan guard, Piz 399.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 477 
 
 Langwies 357. 
 Lantema, Val 402. 413. 
 Lanzada 402. 413. 
 Lanzo 447. 
 
 Laquinhorn, the 301. 332. 
 Laquinjocli, the 301. 333. 
 Laret, Ober and Unter- 
 
 353. 
 Laret, Alp 393. 
 Laretto, Alp 416. 
 Lasa, Alp 346. 
 Laschadura, Val 406. 
 Lasnigo 455. 
 Lat, Piz 411. 
 Latelhorn, the 303. 333. 
 Laternser Thai 424. 
 Latsch 381. 
 
 Latseher Kulm, the 381. 
 Lattenfirn, the 63. 
 Latterbach 191. 
 Laub-AIp 300. 
 Laubegg Alp 45. 
 Laubeggstalden, the 192. 
 Laubersgrat, the 121. 
 Lauberhom, the 163. 
 Lauchbiihlhiitte 16S. 
 Laucherhorn, the 153. 
 Lauchernalp 187. 
 Laucherspitze, the 187. 
 Laudegg, Ruins 421. 
 Lauenen 125. 238. 
 — , Valley of 238. 
 Laufbodcnhorn 189. 
 Laufelfingen 13. 
 Laufen, Schloss 27. 
 — on the Birs 9. 
 Laufenburg 23. 18. 
 Lauinenthor, the 160. 306. 
 Laupen 203. 
 St. Laurent 258. 289. 
 Laurenzenbad 13. 21, 
 Lausanne 225. 234, 
 Lausen 13. 
 Lautaret 311. 
 Lauteraar Glacier 177 
 
 166. 
 Lauteraar-Sattel 166. 
 Lauterbrunnen 155. 
 
 Breithorn 187. 
 
 Scheidegg, the 162. 
 
 Lautrach 424. 
 Lavancher 267. 271. 
 Lavaz, Val 304. 364. 
 Lavazjoch, the 364. 
 Lavedo 452. 
 Laveigrat 185. 
 Lavena 446. 
 Laveno 437. 
 Laver, Val 410. 
 Lavertezzo 432. 
 Lavey, Baths of 237. 
 Lavin 407. 
 Laviner Joch 352. 
 
 Lavinuoz, Val 352. 407. 
 Lavinim Pass 405. 
 
 , Piz 405. 
 Lavizzara, Val 434. 
 Lavorgo 1C>8. 
 Lax 307. 
 Layaz, La 239. 
 Lcbendun Lake 307. 
 Lecco 453. 
 — , Lago di 453. 
 Lechaud, Col 263. 
 Le'chelles 205. 
 Le'cherette, La 243. 
 Leckihorn, the 112. 113. 
 Leckipaas, the 113. 
 Led, Piz 390. 
 Loggia 380. 
 Leggiuno 435. 
 St. Legier 229. 
 Legnoncino, Monte 449. 
 Legnone, Monte 449. 
 Lei, Valle di 374. 
 Leichenbretter 325. 
 Leimhoden. the 126. 
 Leissigen 145. 179. 
 Leistkamm, the 44. 
 Lejs, Piz dels 403. 
 Leman. Lac 222. 
 Lenk 188. 
 Lenno 452. 
 Lens, Pas du 288. 
 Lenta-Liicke 363. 
 
 — Valley 363. 
 Lenz 383. 
 
 Lenzburg 21. 22. 132. 
 Lenzer Heide, the 383. 
 
 — Horn, the 383. 
 Lenzjoch, the 333. 
 St. Leonard 296. 
 Leone, Monte 300. 302. 
 Lerow 147. 
 
 Lesa 442. 
 
 Leschaux, Col de 257. 
 -, Glacier de 266. 
 Lesina, Val della 449. 
 Leubringen 12. 
 Leuchi, Chalets de 281. 
 Leuerfall, the 56, 
 Leuggelbach 61. 
 Leuggelstock, the 61, 
 Leuk 184. 
 — , Baths of 183. 
 — , Station of 297. 
 Leveno Alp 429. 
 Leventina, the 1U8. 
 Leysin 235. 240. 
 Lezzeno 452. 
 Liappey 311. 313. 
 Lichtenberg, Castle 420. 
 Lichtensteig 58. 
 Liddes 289. 296. 
 Liechtenstein 342. 343. 
 Liedernen ^. 
 
 Lieli 131. 
 Lielpe, Alp 434. 
 Lierna 45a. 
 Liesberg 9. 
 Liestal 12. 
 Lieu, Le 209. 
 Ligerz 194. 
 Lignerolles 208. 
 Lignieres 194. 
 Lillianes 336. 
 Limmat, the 19. 34. 46 etc. 
 Limmern Glacier 63. 
 Limmernthal, the 63. 
 Limonta 453. 
 Linard, Piz 407. 
 Lindau 51. 
 Lindenberg, the 131. 
 Lindenhof 51. 
 Linth, the 39. 61. 62. 
 Linth Canal, the 43. 42. 
 
 -, Colony of the 43. 
 Linththal 61. 
 Lintv, Capanna 328. 336. 
 Lion", Col da 327. 
 — , Tete du 338. 
 Lipplisbiihl 65. 
 Liro, the 376. 
 Lischanna^ Piz 409. 
 -, Vadret 409. 
 Liserne, the 296. 
 Littau 129. 
 Litzner, the 352. 
 Liverog'ie 283. 
 Livigno 406. 404. 
 — , Forcola di 404. 
 Livournea, Col de 285. 
 Livrio, Val 413. 
 Lizerne, the 244. 
 Lobbia 415. 
 Locarno 432. 
 Loccie, Col delle 335. 
 — , Punta delle 335. 
 Lochau 424. 
 Lochberg, the 109. 
 Lochliberg 360. 
 Lfichlibetter 57. 
 Locle, Le 198. 
 Loco 433. 
 Loderio 369. 
 Loeche-Ville 184. 
 — -les-Bains 183. 
 
 Sonste 297. 
 
 LoCfelhom, the 304. 
 Loges, Col des 198. 
 Loggio 447. 
 Lognan, Pav. de 272. 
 Lohlen Pass 367. 
 Lohner, the 186. 
 Lombard 288. 
 Lombardni Alp 416. 
 Lombraoro Alp 303. 
 Lona, Pas do 315. 
 Longacqua 404.
 
 478 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Longone 455. 
 Lonza, the 186. 
 Lopper, the 93. 
 Lorenzhorn, the 378. 
 Lorze, the 71. 72. 73. 
 Losis, Alp 45. 
 Losone 432. 
 Lostallo 380. 
 Lostorf 14. 21. 
 Lothenbach 96. 
 Lotschen Glacier 187. 306. 
 Lotschenliicke 187. 306. 
 Lotschen-Pa=R, the 187. 
 Lotschenthal, the 186. 
 Lottigna 369. 
 Loueche. see Loeche. 
 Lourtier 293. 
 Lonvie, Col de 293. 
 Lovagny 254. 258. 
 Lovenex, Lake of 246. 
 Loveno 450. 
 Lowerz 101. 
 Lowerzer See 101. 
 Lti 406. 410. 
 Luan, Alp 235. 
 St. Luc 318. 316. 
 St. Lnce 225. 
 Lucel 312. 
 
 Lucendro, Piz 112. 113. 
 — , Alp 112. 
 — , Lake of 112. 
 Luceng 207. 
 Lucerne 73. 
 — , Lake of 78. 
 Luchsingen 61. 
 S„ Lucia 417. 
 S. Lucio, Pass of 429. 
 Lucomagno, Pizzo 107. 
 Liideren-Gassli 130. 
 Ludiano 369. 
 Ludwigshohe 327. 328. 
 Luette 311. 
 — , La 294. 
 Lugano 426. 447. 
 — , Lake of 446. 447. 
 Lugnetz Valley, the 362. 
 Lugrin 246. 252. 
 Luino 436. 446. 
 Luisettes, the 289. 
 Luisin, the 274. 
 Lukmanier, the 369. 
 Lumbreda, Piz 379. 
 Lumbrein 363. 
 Lumino 380. 
 Lumpegnia, Alp 365. 
 Liiner See, the 422. 
 Lungenstutz 114. 
 Lungern 124. 
 — , Lake of 124. 
 Lunghino. Piz 388. 
 — , Lake 388. 
 — , Fuorcla di 374. 388. 
 L\irate-Caccivio 437. 
 
 Liirlebad 349. 
 Ltisch, Lake of 360. 
 Liischerz 194. 
 Luseney, Mont 285. 
 Liisgen-Alp 298. 
 Liissai 410. 
 Lusshiitte 130. 
 Lustbiihl, the 151. 
 Luterbach 14. 
 Liitisburg 58. 
 Lutry 234. 206. 
 Liitschenthal, the 160. 
 Liitschine, the 149. 154. 
 
 etc. 
 — , Goree of the 164. 
 -, the Black 154. 160. 
 
 164. 
 — , the Sefinen 158. 
 — , the White 154. 158. 
 Liitzelau 79. 
 — , Island of 40. 
 Liitzelfliih 17. 
 Luvino 436. 
 Luvis 362. 
 Luzein 35!. 
 St. Luziensteig 342. 
 Luzzone, Val 363. 
 Lvrerose, Glacier de 294. 
 
 '313. 
 Lys Glacier, the 328. 
 Lvs Joch, the 326. 328. 
 
 '335. 336. 
 Lyskamm, the 326. 328. 
 
 336. 
 Lys Valley 286. 335. 336. 
 Lyss 12. 208. 
 Lyssach 17. 
 
 Maasplankjoch 110. 128. 
 Maccagno 436. 435. 
 Macolin 11. 
 Macugnaga 330. 
 Glacier 330. 
 Macun 407. 
 Madatsch Glacier, the 419. 
 
 Spitz, the 419. 
 
 Maderanerthal 113. 
 Madesimo 376. 
 
 , Passo di 374. 
 Madlain, Piz 410. 
 Madlenerhaus 423. 352. 
 Madonna del Monte (near 
 
 Varese) 437. 
 
 — di ^lonte (near Big- 
 nasco) 434. 
 
 della Bocciola 444. 
 
 — di Campagna 439. 
 
 — di S. Martino 451. 
 del Sasso on the Lago 
 
 Maggiore 432. 
 
 near the Lake of 
 
 Orta 444. 
 di Tirano 412. 
 
 Madrano 106. 
 Madrera, Val 453. 
 Madriser Thai 374. 
 Madulein 405. 
 Magadino 435. 
 Magenhorn, the 301. 
 Magenwyl 22. 
 Mageia 433. 
 — , the 432. 433. 435. 
 -, Val 433. 
 Maggiore, Lago 435. 
 Magglingen 11. 
 Magisalp, the 171. 
 Magland 260. 
 Magliaso 446. 
 Magreglio 455. 
 Maienfeld 342. 
 Maienwand, the 178. 
 Maierhof 362. 
 Maigels-Pass 367. 
 — , Val 367. 
 Mainau, Island of 30. 
 Maira, the 415. 
 Maisons Blanches 289. 
 
 , Col des 289. 294. 
 
 ^lajing Glacier, the 184, 
 Majinghorn. the 187. 
 Majoria 296. 
 Maladers 357. 
 Malans 350. 
 Malanser Alp 68. 
 Malenco, Val 388. 413. 
 Malero, the 388. 413. 
 Malesco 433. 436. 
 Malgrate 453. 
 Jfalix 383. 
 Mallerav 11. 
 Mallet, "Mont 266. 
 Malnate 437. 
 Maloggia, or 
 Maloja, the 387. 414. 
 Mais 420. 
 
 Malser Heide, the 420. 
 Malters 129. 
 Malvaglia 369. 380. 
 S. Mamette 429. 447. 
 Mammern 25. 31. 
 Manas 409. 410. 
 Mandello 450. 453. 
 Maniggrund Valley 191. 
 Mannas, the 350. 
 Mannedorf 40. 
 Mannen, the 68. 
 Mannenbach 25. 31. 
 Mannlichen 163. 165. 
 Mannlifluh 186. 
 Maran 358. 
 Marangun 352. 
 Marbach 25. 31. 
 Marbrees. Aiguilles 270. 
 St. Marcel 285. 
 Marcellaz 254. 
 Marcellv, Pointe de 262.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 479 
 
 Marchairuz, Col de 224. 
 
 209. 
 Marchhorn, the 309. 
 Marcio, Pizzo 374. 
 S. Marco 302. 
 — J Passo di 414. 
 Marenberge, the 64. 
 St. Margaretben 341. 
 Margaretbenkapf 423. 
 Margna, Piz 388. 390. 
 Margorabbia, the 436. 
 Margozzolo, Mte. 441. 
 St. Margretenberg 345. 
 S. Maria del Soccurso 
 
 452. 
 
 — Maggiore 433. 436. 
 St. Maria der Engeln, 
 
 Monastery 68. 
 S. Maria, Hospice on the 
 Lukmanier 368. 
 
 — in the Miinsterthal 
 406. 418. 420. 
 
 — in Val Sesia 445. 
 
 — on the Stelvio 418. 
 Sonnenberg 81. 
 
 — , Muot 389. 
 — , Val 369. 
 Mariahilf 102. 
 Blariastein 9. 
 Marienberg 420. 
 
 — near Rorschach 50. 
 Maiienthai (Entlebuch) 
 
 130. 
 Marignier 260. 262. 
 Marin 197. 
 Marinelli, Capanna (Mte. 
 
 Rosa) 330. 
 
 — (Bernina)401.402.413. 
 Marjelen Alp 305. 
 
 — See, the 305. 
 Markellingen 24. 
 Marl ens 257. 
 Marlioz 253. 
 Jlarly 205. 
 Marniels 385. 
 Marmore, Muot 389. 
 Marmorera 385. 
 Marnein 350. 
 ilaroggia 430. 
 Mars 311. 
 Marscholhorn 379. 
 Marstetten 47. 
 Marthalen 32. 
 IVfartigny 238. 
 
 — Bourg 238. 275. 
 
 St. Martin in the Kalfeu- 
 ser Thai 46. 68. 346. 
 
 — in the Lugnetz Valley 
 362. 
 
 — in Val d'Hdrt'mence 
 311. 
 
 — Charvonnex 258. 
 Martinet, Glacier de 2 
 
 S. Slartino {Val Masino) 
 414. 
 
 — (near Lugano) 428. 
 
 — , Forcella di 414. 415. 
 — , Madonna di 451. 
 — , Sasso 451. 
 Martinsbruck 411. 
 Martinsloch, the 68. 361. 
 Martinstobel, the 50. 
 Mary, Mt. 292. 
 Mt.sein 371. 
 Masino 414. 
 — , Val 414. 
 Mas.sa, the 307. 
 Massagno 426. 429. 
 Massongex 248. 
 Mastallone, Val 445. 
 Masuccio, Piz 417. 
 Matan 360. 
 Mathon 373. 
 
 Matmoire, the 285. 337. 
 Matran 205. 
 Matt 67. 68. 
 
 Matten near Interlaken 
 149. 
 
 — near Lauterbrunncn 
 158. 
 
 — in the Upper Sim- 
 menthal 188. 
 
 Mattenalp 175. 
 Matterhorn, the 327. 
 — , the Little 326. 
 -Hut 325.327. 
 Matterjoch, the 325. 338. 
 Mattervisp, the 323. 
 Matthorn, the 95. 
 Mattmark Alp 831. 
 Mattmarksee, the 331. 
 Mattwald Glacier 301. 
 Mattvvaldhorn, the 301. 
 Maudit, Mont 280. 
 Mauensee, the 20. 
 Mauremont, the 203. 
 St. Maurice 236. 
 Maurienne, the 255. 
 S. Maurizio, Monte 454. 
 Mauvais Pas 266. 273. 
 Mauvoisin 294. 
 Mayen, la Tear de 235. 
 Mazzo 417. 
 Medel, Piz 363. 368. 
 -, Mompe 365. 
 Mcdels 378. 
 
 Medelser Glacier, the364. 
 368. 
 
 — Thai, the 368. 
 Medje-Kopf 352. 
 Mecralp, the 68. 
 Meerenalp 45. 
 Meersburg 28. 
 Megeve '256. 
 Meggen 96. 
 Meggeuhorn, the 78. 
 
 Megglisalp, the 56. 
 
 Meiden 319. 
 
 Meiden Pass, the 319. 
 
 Meidenhorn, the 319. 
 
 Meien 129. 
 
 Meienreuss, the 105. 129. 
 
 Meierhof 354. 
 
 Meilen 39. 
 
 Meilleret, Pointe de 239. 
 
 Meillerie 246. 252. 
 
 Meina 442. 
 
 Meina, Col delaSll. 
 
 Meiringen 170. 
 
 Mt'isterschwanden 132. 
 
 Meitschlingen 104. 
 
 Melchsee, the 123. 126. 
 
 Melchthal, the 123. 
 
 Meldegg, the 50. 341. 
 
 Melide 430. 446. 
 
 Meilen, Piz 63. 
 
 Mellichen Vallev 332. 
 
 Mellig, the 332." 
 
 Mellingen 22. 
 
 Mello,Valdi388.413.414. 
 
 Mels 45. 
 
 Melzi, Villa 451. 
 
 Menaggio 449. 448. 
 
 Mendrisio 431. 
 
 Mengasia, Val 377. 
 
 Menthon, Chateau 257. 
 
 Jlenzberg, the 129. 
 
 Jlenzikon 182. 
 
 Menzingtn 72. 
 
 Menzonio 434. 
 
 Mer de Glace, the, near 
 
 Chamonix 266. 
 — , near Argentiere 272. 
 — , near Grindelwald 165. 
 Mera. the 377. 385. 415.416. 
 — , Val 404. 
 Merdarola, Alp 414. 
 :5Iergoscia 433. 
 Mergozzo, Lago di 439. 
 Meribe 311. 
 Merignier, the 289. 
 3Ierlenalp, the 45. 60. 
 Merligen 146. 
 Merzenliachschien 304. 
 3Ieschino 412. 
 :»Iesocco 379. 
 lAfesolcina, Val 379. 
 Jlcssernalp, the 307. 
 Mettelbach Fall 65. 
 Mettelhorn, the 326. 
 Mettenberg, the 165. 
 Mcttlen 130. 
 Metllenalp 162. 
 Mettmenstetten 71. 
 Metzerlen 9. 
 M. yenfelder Furca 358. 
 Mcvrin 252. 
 .Mezaun. Piz 405. 
 Mezdi, Piz 407.
 
 480 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Mezzaselva 351. 
 
 Mezzegra 462. 
 
 Mezzem, Piz 405. 
 
 Mezzola, Lago di 3T7. 
 
 Miage, Col de 270. 
 
 — , Glacier de 270. 280. 
 
 Miasino 442. 443. 
 
 St. Michaelskreuz 97. 
 
 Michel, Piz 381. 
 
 St. Michel 255. 
 
 S. Slichele 309. 
 
 Midi, Aiguille da 269. 
 
 — , Dent du 247. 274. 
 
 Mieussv 262. 
 
 Miex 246. 
 
 Milan 455. 
 
 Milar, Val 366. 
 
 Milchbachloch, the 164. 
 
 Milez 366. 
 
 3Iine, Mont 314. 
 
 , Glacier du 313. 
 
 Minger, Val 410. 
 Minor, Val 403. 
 Minschun, Piz 407. 410. 
 Minusio 432. 
 Miolans, Castle 255. 
 Misaum, Alp 398. 
 Mischabel, the 323. 333. 
 
 — Joch, the 333. 328. 
 Misox, Ruins 379. 
 Misoxer Thai, the 379. 
 Mission 316. 
 
 Mitlodi 61. 
 Mittagfluh, the 191. 
 Mittaggupfi, the 94. 
 Mittaghorn, the 160. 190. 
 
 306. 333. 379. 
 Mittelhorn, the 168. 
 Mittelzell 24. 
 Mittenberg, the 349. 
 Mitthal 186. 
 Mittholz 180. 
 Moanda, Bocchetta 445. 
 
 335. 
 Modane 255. 
 Moesa, the 109. 379. 
 Moesola,^ Lago 379. 
 — , Piz 379. 
 
 Mceveran, Grand 236. 243. 
 Mogno 434. 
 Mohlin 18. 
 
 Moine, Aiguille du 2G6. 
 Moiry, Glac. de 314. 315. 
 
 317. 
 
 — Val 315. 316. 
 Mola, La 268. 
 Mole, the 262. 
 Moleson, the 241. 
 Molina 380. 
 Molins 384. 
 Mollia 445. 
 Mollis 59. 
 
 Mols 45. 
 
 Moltrasio 452. 
 Morning, the 317. 327. 
 
 — Pass, the 318. 328. 
 Momo 444. 
 
 Mompe Medel 365. 
 
 — Tavetsch 365. 
 Monbaron, Colma di 287. 
 Monbiel 352. 
 
 Monch, the 165. 
 — , the Schwarze 156. 
 Monchalpthol, the 352. 
 Monchenstein 9. 
 Monchhiitte 162. 166. 
 Monch Joch 166. 162. 306. 
 Moncodine, the 450. 
 Mondadizza 417. 
 Mondelli Pass 329. 331. 
 Mondin, Piz 411. 421. 
 Monnetier 221. 259. 
 Monschia, the 398. 401. 
 Monstein (Davos) 354. 
 
 — on the Rhine 341. 
 Montafon, the 423. 
 Montagna s. Heinzenberg. 
 Montagnaia, Colle 285. 
 Montagnier 293. 
 Montailleur 256. 
 Montalto Dora 287. 
 Montanvert 266. 
 Montbarrv 240. 
 
 Mont Blanc 269. 
 
 — de Seilon 294. 
 
 — du Tacul 268. 
 Mont, Rocher du270.280. 
 Montbovon 241. 
 
 Mont Bruld, Col du 313. 
 
 328. 
 Montbrun, the 239. 
 Mont Durand, Glacier du 
 
 294. 
 Montees, les 261. 
 Monteluna 346. 
 Montenvers, the 266. 
 Moriterascio-Pass 363. 
 Montestrutto 287. 
 Montet, Le 236. 
 Montets, Col des 272. 
 Monthey 247. 
 Monthoux 261. 
 Montjoie Valley 277. 
 Mont Joli 260. 278. 
 Montjovet 286. 
 Montmelian 255. 
 Montorfano 439. 454. 
 Montoz, the 10. 
 Montrenaz 262. 
 Montreux 230. 231. 234. 
 Montriond 246. 
 Montrottier. 264. 
 Mont Rouge, Col du 295. 
 
 311. 313. 
 
 — Ruan, Glacier du 248. 
 Montsalvens, Ruins 192. 
 
 Monvalle 435. 
 
 Monza 455. 
 
 Mora, Val 417. 
 
 Morast 308. 
 
 Morat 207. 
 
 — , Lake of 207. 
 
 Morbegno 414. 
 
 Morcles 237. 
 
 — , Dent de 236. 237. 
 
 Morcote 446. 
 
 Morel 307. 306. 
 
 Morez 223. 
 
 Morgarten 72. 99. 
 
 Morge, the, in Savoy 
 
 246. 
 — , the, in the Cant, of 
 
 Valais 239. 244. 295. 
 Morgenberghorn 153. 179. 
 Morgenhorn, the 181. 
 Morges 225. 234. 
 Morgeten-Alp, the 191. 
 Morgex 283. 
 Morghen 329. 
 Morgin 247. 
 
 Moriana, Passo della 445. 
 Morigen 194. 
 Morignone 417. 
 — , Serra di 417. 
 St. 31oritz (Engad.) 392. 
 — , Baths of 391. 
 — , Lake of 393. 
 Mornex 221. 259. 
 Moro, Monte 331. 
 Morobbia, Val 429. 
 Morrissen 362. 
 Morschach 82. 
 Morschwyl 49. 
 Mort, Mont 291. 
 Morteau 199. 
 Mortel. Piz 400. 
 
 Club Hut 398. 
 Morteratsch, Piz 400. 
 — Glacier 397. 401. 
 Mortirolo, Monte 413. 
 Morzine 245. 
 Mosen 132. 
 Mosses, Les 243. 
 Mossons. Les 268. 
 Motier 208. 
 Motiers 200. 
 — , Grotte de 200. 
 Jlotta, La 440. 
 Mottelischloss, the 50. 
 Mottelon 244. 
 Motterone, Monte 441. 
 Mottets 279. 
 Mottiscia, Punta 307. 
 Motto 369. 
 
 Moud, Colle 335. 445. 
 Moudon 206. 
 Mouilles, Les 266. 
 Moulins, Les 242. 
 iMountet Hut 317. 314.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 481 
 
 Mouret, Le 205. 
 Moutier in the Jura 10 
 — , Val 10. 
 Bloutiers en Tarentaise 
 
 256. 282. 
 Mouton, Tcte de 316. 
 Mouxy 254. 
 
 Muccia Glacier, the 379. 
 Muggio 431. 
 Miihlau 22. 
 Miihlebachthal 45. 67. 
 Miihlehorn 44. 
 Muhlen 384. 
 Muhlestalden 127. 
 Miihlethal, the 125. 127. 
 Mulets, the Grands 270. 
 Miilinen 179. 
 Mulins 361. 
 Miilkerblatt, the 189. 
 Mullheim 47. 
 Mumpf 18. 
 
 Miinchen-Buchsee 12. 
 Mundaun, Piz 362. 
 Miinsingen 141. 
 Miinster on the Birs 10. 
 — , Grisons 420. 
 — , Valais 304. 
 Miinsterlingen 31. 
 Miinsterthal, the(Grisons) 
 
 406. 
 
 — in the Jura 9. 10. 
 Munteriitsch 394. 
 Muota, the 65. 102. etc. 
 Muotathal 65. 
 Muottas, Sass da 393. 
 Muraigl, Alp 399. 
 — , Muottas 394. 399. 
 Muranza, Val 418. 420. 
 Muraun, Piz 365. 36S. 
 Muraz 244. 247. 
 Muretto, Monte 388. 
 
 — Pass, the 388. 413. 
 Murg on the Rhine 23. 
 
 — on the Walenvsee 45. 
 Murg, the 17. 
 Slurgenthal 17. 
 Murgsee Furkel 45. 60. 
 Murgthal, the 45. 
 Muri 22. 
 Murinascio 107. 
 Miirren 156. 
 Murten 207. 
 Murtener See, the 207. 
 Murtfera 407. 
 — , Piz 410. 
 
 Miirtschenalp, the 45. 60. 
 Miirtschen.stock, the 45. 
 Musella, Mnnt 405. 
 Musenalp 85. 
 Musso 449. 
 Miistail 372. 
 Mustair 420. 
 — , Val 4U6. 
 
 Mutten 372. 
 Muttenalp, the 62. 
 Mutten Glacier 113. 
 Muttenhorn, the 113. 117 
 Muttensee, the 62. 
 Sluttenstock, the 63. 
 Muttenthaler Grat 68. 
 Muttenz 12. 
 Mutthorn, the 159. 
 Muttler, the 410. 
 Muttnerhorn, the 372. 
 Mutun, Piz 379. 
 Muveran, Grand 236. 243, 
 Muzzano, Lake of 427. 
 
 446. 
 Mytenstein, the 83. 
 Mythen, the 101. 
 
 Nachat, Plan 268. 
 Nadelhorn, the 333. 
 Nadeljoch, the 333. 
 Nafels 59. 
 
 Nagelis Gratli 117. 178. 
 Nair, Piz 393. 
 Naira, Piz 359. 
 Nalps, Pass 366. 
 — , Val 366. 
 Naluns, Muotta 409. 
 Nancy-sur-Cluses 260. 
 Nandro, Val 384. 
 Nanikon 42. 
 Nant 236. 
 
 Nant, Pont de 236. 
 Nant Borrant 278. 
 Nantua 252. 
 Nanzer Thai 298. 321. 
 Napf, the 130. 
 Napoleon, Pont 299. 
 Naravedro Alp 388. 416. 
 Naret, Passo di 434. 
 Naters 298. 307. 
 Natons, Val 3S6. 
 Nauders 420. 
 Naudersberg, Castle 420. 
 Nava, Pointe de 316. 
 Navegna, the 432. 
 Navigenze, the 315. 
 Naye, Rochers de 232. 
 Naz 382. 
 S. Nazzaro 435. 
 Nebikon 20. 
 Neftenbach 32. 46. 
 Neienalp 85. 
 Nendaz, Val de 293. 
 Nendeln 423. 
 Nenzing 423. 
 Neria, Val 450. 
 Nernier 245. 
 Nessel 298. 
 Nesselboden Alp 16. 
 Nessenthal, the 127. 
 Nesslau 58. 
 iNessleren 153. 
 
 Baedekeb, Switzerland. I5th Edition. 
 
 Nesso 452. 
 
 Nesthorn, the 299. 
 
 Netstall 60. 
 
 Neuageri 72. 
 
 Neuchatel 195. 
 
 — , Lake of 194. 208. 
 
 Neuenburg 195. 
 
 Neuenegg 204. 
 
 Neuenstadt 194. 
 
 Neu-Habsburg 96. 
 
 Neuhaiis 147. 
 
 Neuhausen 23. 26. 27. 
 
 Neumiinster 39. 
 
 Neunkirch 23. 
 
 Neu St. Johann 58. 
 
 Xeuschels 192. 
 
 Neu-Solothurn 14. 
 
 Neu-Toggenburg 58. 
 
 Neuva, Glacier de Ja 272. 
 282. 
 
 Neuveville 194. 
 
 Neu-Wartburg, Ca.stlel4. 
 
 Nevruz 205. 
 
 S. Nicolao 430. 
 
 St. Nicolas de Veroce 
 278. 
 
 St. Nico?;ius (Goschencn 
 Valley) 109. 
 
 — (Visp Valley) 321. 
 
 Nidau 11. 
 
 Nidelbad, the 41. 
 
 Nidfurn 61. 
 
 Nidwafden 118. 
 Nieder-Bauen, the 81. 
 Niederbipp 14. 
 
 Xieder-Buren 119. 
 
 Niedergestelen 297. 
 
 Niederglatt 20. 46. 
 Niederhallwyl 132. 
 
 Niederhorn, the 147. 
 Nieder-Rawyl 190. 
 Niederrickenbach 119. 
 Niederried 173. 
 Nieder-Schcinthal 12. 
 Niederschworstadt 23. 
 Niederteufen 57. 
 Nieder-rrnen 59. 
 Nicderwald 305. 
 Nie.sen, the 143. 
 Niesenhorn, the 189. 
 Niggeling 319. 
 Nigulia Canal 443. 
 St.^Niklaiis 321. 123. 
 Niouc 315. 
 Niva, Alp 311. 
 Nivaigl 383. 
 Niven, the 187. 
 
 Pass, the 187. 
 Nivolet, Dent du 255. 
 Nofels 423. 
 Nohl 26. 
 Noiraigue 200. 
 Noir-Mont, the 224. 
 
 31
 
 482 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ^^olla, the 371. 360. 
 yona, Becca di 2S4. 
 Nordend, the (MonteRosa) 
 
 327. 330. 
 Notkersegg 49. 53. 
 l^otre-Dame de la Gorge 
 
 278. 
 
 — de Briancon 256. 
 
 — de Gue'rison 280. 
 
 — du Sex 236. 
 Is^ottwvl 20. 
 Iffovai 352. 
 Novara 444. 
 Ifovate 377. 
 Novel 246. 
 K^ovena, Passo di 304. 
 Ifudrit, Pont 290. 
 Nufenen 378. 
 Nufenen Pass.the 304.106. 
 2fufenenstock,the304.308. 
 IJiina, Piz 406. 
 Niinalphorn, the 123. 
 Nuolen, Baths of 41. 
 ITurschallas, Piz 367. 
 Nus 285. 
 
 INiischenalp, the 62. 
 Nyon 223. 233. v 
 
 Oberaar Hut 1T8. 
 Oberaarjoch 17S. 306. 
 Oberaar-Eothjoch 178. 
 Ober-Aegeri 72. 
 Ober-Albis 39. 
 Ober-Aletsch Glacier 2&8. 
 306. 
 
 — Hut 298. 
 Oberalp, the 367. 
 
 — Pass, the 367, 
 Oberalpstock 115. 366. 
 Ober-Arth 88. 
 Ober-Bauen, the 85. 
 Oberbipp 14. 
 Oberblegisee, the 61. 
 Oberbuchen 132. 
 Oberbuchsiten 14. 
 Oberburg 17. 
 Ober-Gabelhorn 317. 327. 
 Obergestelen 304. 
 Oberglatt 46. 
 Oberhalbstein-Thal 384. 
 Oberhofen 146. 
 Oberhomsee, the 158. 
 Oberkasern, Alp 44. 
 Oberkastels 362. 
 Oberland, the Bernese 
 
 132 
 — , the Biindner 364. 
 Ober-Laret 353. 
 Oberlaubhorn, the 189. 
 Oberlauchringen 23. 
 Obermeilen 40. 
 Obereinach 132. 
 Ober-Rickenbach 85. 119. 
 
 Oberried on the Lake of 
 
 Brienz 173. 
 — in the Simmenthal 
 
 188. 
 Oberrieden 41. 
 Oberriet 342. 
 Ober-Rothhorn 326. 
 Oberriiti 22. 
 Obersaxen 362. 
 Oberschan 342. 
 Ober-Schonenbuch 65. 82 
 Obersee, the 103. 59. 
 Ober-Seewies 124. 
 Oberstaad 25. 31. 
 Ober-Stocken 191. 
 Ober-Urnen 59. 
 Obervatz 3S3. 
 Oberwald 304. 
 Ober-Winterthur 31. 
 Oberwvl 8. 96. 
 Oberzell 24. 
 Obhaag, Alp 120. 
 Obladis 421. 
 Obort 62. 
 Obrist, Alp 373. 
 Obstalden 44. 
 Obwalden 123. 
 Oche, Dent d' 246. 
 Ochs, the 166. 
 Ochsenblanke, the 63. 
 Ochsenhorn, the 320. 
 Ochsenjoch, the 166. 
 Ochsenkopf, the 66. 
 Oefen Pass 422. 
 Oehningen 25. 31. 
 Oensingen 14. 
 Oerlikon 46. 20. 
 Oeschinen, Alp 159. 181 
 — , Lake of 181. 159. 
 Oeschinengrat, the 159. 
 Oeschinenhorn, the 181. 
 Oeschinenjoch, the 181. 
 Ofenberg. the 406. 410. 
 Ofenhorn, the 306. 
 Ofen Pass, the 406. 
 Ofenthal, the 303. 331. 
 Ofenthal Pass 303. 331. 
 Oggebbio 437. 
 Ogliasca 449. 
 Ohr Alp 123. 
 Oira 310. 
 
 Oldenhorn, the 239. 
 Olen, Col d^ 335. 
 Olgiate 437. 
 Olimpino, Monte 431. 
 Olivone 369. 
 Ollocchia, Val 445. 
 Ollomont 295. 
 — , Val 295. 
 Ollon 235. 
 01 ten 13. 
 Oltingen 13. 
 Oltschibach, the 172. 
 
 Oltschikopf, the 174. 
 
 Omberenza, Crete d' 319. 
 
 Omegna 443. 442. 
 
 Onex 220, 
 
 Onnens 202. 
 
 Onno 453. 
 
 Onsernone, Val 433. 
 
 Or, Mont d' 209. 
 
 Orasso 436. 
 
 Orbe 208. 
 
 Ordeno 387. 
 
 Oren, Col d^ 295. 
 
 — , Combe d^ 312. 
 
 Oria 447. 
 
 Orlegna, the 387. 414. 
 
 Ormona 239. 
 
 Ormont-dessous 240. 
 
 dessus 239. 
 
 Ornavasso 443. 
 
 Ornv 203. 
 
 — , Cabane d' 288. 272. 
 
 — , Glacier d' 272. 276. 
 
 288. 
 — , Pointe d' 288. 
 Oro, Monte d' 385. 
 Oron-le-Chatel 206. 
 — -la-Ville 206. 
 Orse, Val 402. 
 Orsieres 288. 
 Orsino, Piz 112. 
 Ursino Pass, the 113. 
 Orsirora Lake 113. 
 Orso, Colmo delP 375. 
 Orsolina 432. 
 Orta 443. 
 — , Lago d' 443. 
 — , Monte d' 443. 
 Ortenstein 370. 
 Ortler, the 419. 
 Ortstock, the 62. 65. 
 Ortweid 160. 
 Orvin 11. 
 Osogna 109. 
 Osola, Val d' 432. 
 Ossasco 304. 434. 
 Ossingen 31. 
 Ossola, Val d' 302. 442. 
 Osteno 447. 
 Ostermundingen 141. 
 Ot, Piz 395. 
 Ota, Alp 398. 
 Otanes, Col des 293. 
 Otelfingen 47. 20. 
 Otemma, Col d' 295. 
 — , Glacier d' 294. 295. 
 
 313. 
 — , Pointe d' 294. 
 Othmarsingen 19. 22. 
 Otterswyl 96. 
 Ouches, Les 261. 277. 
 Ouchy 225. 
 Ovace 312. 285. 
 St. Oyen 292.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 483 
 
 Padella, Piz 394. 
 Pain de Sucre, the 292. 
 Painsec 316. 
 Paix, He de 233. 
 Palesieux 282. 
 Palette, the 239. 
 Palezieux 206. 241. 
 Palfries, Alp 45. 
 Pallanza 438. 
 Pallanzcno 442. 
 Pallud 257. 
 Palpuogna 382. 
 Palii, Piz 401. 
 
 — Glacier, the 402. 
 — , Lake 413. 
 Palus, Alp 350. 422. 
 Palza, Aira della 387. 
 Pambio 427. 
 
 Panex 235. 
 
 Paneyrossaz, Glac. de 244. 
 Panix 68. 
 
 — Pass, the 68. 
 Panossiere, Cabane de 
 
 293. 294. 
 Pantenbriicke, the 62. 
 Para, Chalet de la 269. 
 Paradies, the 378. 
 Paradis, Piz 366. 
 Paradiso 427. 423, 
 Paraviso 447. 
 Pardenn 352. 
 Pardi 368. 
 Pardisia 350. 
 Paresseux, Col des 247. 
 Parmelan, the 257. 
 Parpan 383. 
 Parrain, Mt. 293. 
 Parrot-Spitze 327. 836. 
 Parseier Spitze, the 421. 
 Parsenn 352. 
 Part-Dieu, Convent 241. 
 PartnunPass, the 351.423. 
 Partnuner Staffel 351. 
 Paspels 370. 
 Pass Mai, the 372. 
 Passetti Pass, the 380. 
 Passo 309. 
 Passugg 349. 382. 
 Pasturo 450. 
 Patenen 423. 
 Patnaul, Fuorcla da 362. 
 Patznaun Thai, the 407. 
 
 410. 422. 423. 
 Paudeze, the 206. 227. 234. 
 Paun da Ziicher 400. 
 Payerhiitte, the 419. 
 Payerne 207. 
 Pazzallo 428. 
 Pazzola, Piz 365. 
 Pazzolino 429. 
 Peccia 336. 434. 
 — , Val 434. 
 Pecetto 330. 
 
 Pedenosso 404. 417. 
 Peiden, Baths 362. 
 Peiler Thai, the 362. 
 Peist 357. 
 
 Pelaggia, Cima 4.53. 
 Pelerins, Nant des 269. 
 
 Glacier des 2G9. 
 Pella 4U. 
 
 Pelouse, Pointe 263. 
 Pendant 272. 
 Pennine Alps 292. 
 Penthalaz-Cossonay 203. 
 Percc'e, Pointe 260. 
 Perdatsch 3(38. 
 Perledo 460. 
 Perletoa 335. 
 Perly 220. 
 
 Perralotaz, Pont 261. 2t8. 
 Perrignier 252, 
 Perroc, Dent 312. 
 Perron, the 274. 
 Pers, Munt 400. 
 
 — Glacier 397. 400. 
 Isla 400. 
 
 Pe'rtuiset, Col de 254. 
 Pertusio, Val 432. 
 Pesciora, Pizzo 112. 
 Pescone 443. 
 Pestarena 330. 
 St. Peter, Nunnery 423, 
 
 — (Grisons) 357. 362. 
 St. Peter, Isle of 194. 
 Peter and Paul 49. 
 Peters grat, the 160. 180. 
 
 182. 187. 
 Petersthal 362. 
 Petriolo Alp 330. 
 
 Glacier 330. 
 Pettenasco 443. 
 Pettneu 422. 
 Peulaz, Col de la 281. 
 — , Chalets de la 282. 
 Peuteret. Aiguille de 280. 
 Peziner Spitze, the 422. 
 Ptafers, Bad 344. 
 
 Village 345. 
 Pfaffen Glacier, the 127. 
 Pfatlensprung 104. 105 
 PfalTenwand, the 121. 127. 
 Pfaffikon 41. 42. 
 Pfander, the 424. 
 Pfannenstiel, the 40. 
 Pfannenstock, the 62. 
 Pfeffingen 9. 
 Pfunds^ 421. 
 Pfungen 46. 
 Pfvn 297. 
 Plan Canfer 385. 
 Plana 445. 
 Pianascio, Alp 434. 
 Pianazzo 376. 
 IPiancanino 387. 388. 
 IPianello 449. 
 
 Pianlo 415. 
 Piano 447. 
 
 Lago del 447. 
 Piano d"Erba 454. 
 
 — di Segno 369. 
 
 — del Tivano 452. 
 Pians 421. 
 
 Piazza S. Martino 414. 
 Piazzi, Cima di 404. 418. 
 Piccola, Valle 445, 
 Piccolo Altare, Col 445. 
 Piece, Glacier de 312. 313. 
 Piedimulera 443. 
 Pierre a dzo, La 247. 
 
 — a B^ranger 267. 
 a Berard 263. 
 a TEchelle 269. 
 
 — Grept, Tete 236. 244. 
 Joseph, Col de 270. 
 Pertuis 11, 
 
 — Pointue, Pa v. de la 269. 
 
 — a Vire 294. 
 
 — a Voir 238. 288. 293. 
 295. 
 
 St. Pierre d'Albigny 255. 
 de la Cluse 201. 
 
 — de r.umilly 259. 
 — , Castle near Aosta 283. 
 
 Mont-Joux 289. 
 Pieterlen 16. 
 Pietrarossa, Val 413, 
 — , Al:p 429. 
 S. Pietro 447. 455. 
 S. Pietro-Berbenno 413. 
 Piglimohorn. the 334. 
 Pignieu, Baths of 373. 
 Pila 445. 
 Pilatus, the 94. 78. 
 
 Lake 78. 
 Pile Alp, the 336. 
 Pillergletscher, the 352. 
 Pillon, Col de 239. 
 Chalets de 239. 
 Pino 436. 435. 
 Pinterjoch, the 336. 
 Pioda 434. 414. 
 Piode 445. 
 Piode Joch, the 328. 335. 
 
 — Glacier 328. 
 
 Piora, Hotel and Val 106. 
 Piotta 107. 
 Piottino, Monte 107. 
 Pirlo Lakes, the 413. 
 Pischa, La 400. 
 — , Fuorcla 381. 
 Pischahorn, the 352. 354. 
 Pisciadella 411. 
 Pisoc, Piz 410. 
 Pi,<sa, Cima della 335. 
 Pisse, Col delle 335. 32S. 
 Pissevache, the 237. 
 Pitasch 362. 
 Pitons, Les 220. 
 
 31*
 
 484 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pitschen, Lej 403. 
 Piumogna, the lOS. 
 Piuro 416. 
 Pizalun 345. 
 Pizokel, the B-iQ. 
 Pizol 346. 
 Plaflfeyen 205. 
 Plaine Morte, Glacier 
 
 de la 189. 
 Plambuit 235. 
 Plan (Ormont) 239. 
 
 — de rAiguille 269. 
 
 — Bel Achat 268. 
 
 — des Dames 279. 
 
 — Fenetre, Col 284. 
 
 — a Jeur 274. 
 
 — Jovet 278. 
 
 — de Jupiter 292. 
 
 — La Chaud 291. 
 
 — les Ouates 220. 
 
 — de Proz 289. 
 
 — Nachat 268. 
 
 — Neve, Glacier de 236. 
 
 — des Roses 190. 
 
 — Sena 404. 
 
 Plan, Aig. du 267. 269. 
 Planalp, the 172- 
 Planches, Les 230. 231. 
 Planchettes, Les 198. 
 Planeira 383. 
 Plangolin, Col de 293. 
 Planhaut 237. 
 Plankenalp, the 85. 120. 
 Planpansiere 281. 
 Planpraz 263. 268. 
 Plan Rai, Glacier 352, 
 Plans, Les (Bex) 236. 
 — , Vallee des 236. 
 Plantonr, the 234^ 
 Plasseggen Joch 351. 423. 
 Plate, Desert and Esca- 
 
 liers de 263. 
 Platifer, the 107. 
 Platta 368. 3S9. 
 Platta, Piz 385. 
 Plattas, Val 364. 368. 
 Platten 298. 
 Platten Alp 57. 60. 
 Plattenhorner, the 352. 
 Plattenschlucht. the 363. 
 Plattiberg, the 93. 
 Plattje, the 327. 332. 
 Plana, Piz 410. 
 — , Val 407. 410. 
 Plaz 390. 
 Plazbi, Val 381. 
 Pleiades, Les 229. 232. 
 Plessur, the 347. 357. 382. 
 Pletschen Alps 154. 
 Pleureur, Mont 294. 
 Plinea, Col des 288. 
 Plurs 416. 
 Poch, Val del 410. 
 
 Pochtenbach, the 159. 
 Pochtenkessel, the 185. 
 Pognana 452. 
 St. Point, Lake of 201. 
 Pointe Percee, the 260. 
 Pollenzer-Thal 369. 
 Pollux, the 324. 
 Pommat, the 309. 
 Poncione di Braga 434. 
 Pont, Al 309. 
 — , Le 209. 
 
 — de Fillinges 262. 
 
 — de Marie 261. 
 
 — de Nant 236. 
 
 — de Risse 262. 
 
 — Pelissier 261. 
 
 — St. Martin 286. 336. 
 
 — Neuf 239. 
 
 — Serrand 282. 
 Pontarlier 201. 
 
 Ponte, Al, see Ai Ponti. 
 Ponte (Engadine) 404. 
 
 — Alto 302. 
 
 — Capriasca 429. 
 
 — del Diavolo 417. 
 
 — Grande 329. 445. 
 
 — Tresa 446. 
 Pontelotto 434. 
 Pontet 278. 
 Pontets, Les 262. 
 Ponti, Ai 300. 307. 
 Pontlatz Bridge, the 421. 
 Pontresina 395. 
 
 — , Muottas da 397. 
 Porcareccio,Passo di 434. 
 Porcellizza, Val 414. 
 Porcellizzo, Piz 414. 
 Porchabella Glacier 355. 
 
 382. 
 Porlezza 447. 
 Porrentruy 10. 
 Port Valais 246. 
 Porta da Spescha , the 
 
 63. 365. 
 
 — del Merli 449. 
 Portalet 288. 
 
 Porte du Sex, La 246. 
 Portein 371. 
 Portjengrat, the 302. 
 Porto Ceresio 446. 
 
 — Valtravaglia 435. 437. 
 Poschenried 189. 
 Poschiavina, Val 402. 
 
 411. 
 Poschiavo 412. 
 — , Lago di 412. 
 Posses, Aux 243. 
 Pougny 252. 
 Pourri, Mont 279. 
 Pousaz, La 235. 
 Poyaz 272. 
 Pozzolo, Pizzo 303. 
 Prad 419. 
 
 Prada 358. 
 — , Alp 450. 
 Pradella 409. 410. 
 Pragel, the 66. 
 Pralaire, the 221. 262. 
 Pralong 258. 
 Pralovin 312. 
 Prangins 224. 233. 
 Pra-Raye 285. 312. 
 Prarion, the 261. 
 Prasanz 384. 
 Prasiiratsch 393. 
 Pratigau, the 349. 
 Prato 434. 
 — , Val 434. 
 Pratteln 12. 18. 
 Praz, La 255. 208. 
 -, Les 267. 271. 
 
 — Combeira 190. 
 
 — Conduit 269. 
 
 — de Fort 282. 
 
 — Jean 311. 
 
 — Mousse 312. 
 
 — Sec 281. 
 Prazerhohe 371. 
 Prazfleuri 313. 
 — , Col de 293. 
 Prazlong, Mayens de 311. 
 Pre, Le 242. 281. 
 
 Pre de Bar 281. 
 — , Glacier de 272. 
 Pre du Lac 199. 
 Preda 382. 
 
 Predelp Pass 107. 369. 
 Pregny 219. 
 Pre-Louiset 197. 
 Premadio 404. 417. 
 Premeno 438. 
 Premia 309. 
 Premosello 443. 
 Prequartero 329. 
 Pre-St. Didier 282. 
 Prese, Le 412. 417. 
 Pressura, Monte 419. 
 Pretsch, Alp 359. 
 St. Prex 225. 234. 
 Prievlusa, Fuorcla 401. 
 S. Primo, Monte 451. 455. 
 Primsch 44. 
 Pringy-la-Caille 258. 
 Prolin 311. 
 Promenthoux 224. 
 Promontogno 415. 
 Prosa, Mte. 112. 
 Proz, Cantine de 289. 
 — , Glacier de 289. 
 Prugiasco 369. 
 Pruntrut 10. 
 Prutz 421. 
 Puer, Port de 253. 
 Pulaschin, Piz 390. 386. 
 Pully 227. 
 Pultmenga, Tower 366.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 485 
 
 Puntaiglas, Val 364. 63. 
 Punta Nera 107. 
 Puntota, Bridge. near Pon- 
 tresina 396. 397. 
 
 , near Zernetz 405. 
 
 — , Val 405. 
 Puschlav 412. 
 Pusiano, Lago di 455. 
 Puzatsch 363. 
 Pyrimont 252. 
 
 auarazza, Val di 330. 334. 
 Quarsano 452. 
 (^uart, Chateau 285. 
 yuart-Villefranche 285. 
 Quarten 45. 
 Quatervals, Piz 406. 
 yuincinetto 287. 
 t^uinten 44. 
 Qaintino Sella Hut 329. 
 
 336. 
 Quinto 107. 
 
 Rabenfluh^ the 142. 
 
 llabius 364. 
 
 Rabiusa, the (near Coire) 
 
 349. 382. 
 — (Safierthal) 360. 
 Rachisberg, the 17. 
 Radolfzell 24. 
 Rafriiti, the 130. 
 Ragatz 343. 
 Ragol 346. 
 Rain 132. 
 
 Raisse, Ravine of the 200. 
 Ralligen 146. 
 Ralligstocke, the 146. 
 Ramin-Pass, the 68. 
 Ramisfluh, the. 123. 
 Ramosa, Fuorcla da 363. 
 Ramsen 24. 
 Ramsey 17. 
 Ranasca Alp, the 68. 
 Randa 321. 
 
 Randen, the Beringer 24. 
 — , the Hohe 24. 
 Rang, Tete de 197. 
 Rankweil 424. 
 Ranzo-Gera 435. 
 Ranzola, Colle 336. 
 Rappcnfluh 142. 
 Rappcnhorn 306. 
 Rapperswil 40. 
 Rappes, Les 275. 
 Raron 297. 
 Raschil, Alp 383. 
 -, Piz 383. 
 
 Raterichsboden, the 176. 
 Raterschen 48. 
 Rathhausen 131. 
 Riitikon, the 350. 423. 
 Rauft, the 174. 
 Rauschenberg 25. 
 
 Raut Glacier, the 300. 
 Rauthorn, the 301. 
 Rautifelder, the 59. 
 Rautispitz , the 59. 
 Raveiach Lakes, the 355. 
 Ravins, Les 190. 
 Ravoire 238. 
 Rawyl, the 190. 
 Rawylhorn, the 190. 
 Riizliberg, the 188. 
 Razli Glacier 189. 
 R6 433. 
 Realp 116. 
 
 Realt, Hoch-, Ruin 371. 
 Realta, Ruin 370. 
 Reams 384. 
 Rebarmaz, la 274. 
 Rebbio, Punta del 300. 
 Rebstein 341. 
 Rechthalden 205. 
 Reckingen 47. 305. 
 R^clere 10. 
 Reconvilier 11. 
 Redasco, Piz 418. 
 Redorta, Corona di 432. 
 — , Passo di 432. 
 Refrains, Les 198. 
 Regensberg 46. 
 Regensdorf 20. 
 Regina, Piz 363. 
 Regina Margherita, Ca- 
 
 panna 285, 336. 
 Regoledo 449. 
 Rehtobel, the 53. 
 Reichenau 359. 370. 
 — , Island of 24. 
 Reichenbach 179. 
 — , Falls of the 170. 
 Reichenburg 42. 
 Reichenstein 192. 
 Reiden 20. 
 Reidenbach 191. 
 Reignier 259. 
 Reinach 132. 
 Keisen 13. 
 
 Releccio, Capanna di 450. 
 Remoinze 319. 
 Remiis 410. 
 St. Remy 292. 
 Renan 198. 
 Rencio 310. 
 Renens 203. 23i. 
 Renfenhorn, the 170. 
 Renggli Pass 179. 
 Rentiert, Alp 364. 
 Reposoir 258. 
 — , Roclier du 231. 
 — Valley, the 258. 
 Reppischthal, the 70. 
 Reschen 420. 
 Reschen-Scheideck 420. 
 Rescia 447. 
 Resegone di Lecco 454. 
 
 Resti-Pass, the 187. 
 Resti-Rothhorn, the 187. 
 
 — Tschingel Glacier 115. 
 Resy 336. 
 
 Retico, Lago 368. 
 Rettau Lake 239. 
 Reuchenette 11. 
 Reulissenberg, the 189. 
 Reuse, the 197. 199. 202. 
 — , Gorges de la 201. 
 Reuse d'Arolla, Col de la 
 
 295. 
 Reuss,the21.72. 74. 84. 
 Reutigen 191. 
 Revard, the 254. 
 Rezzonico 449. 
 Rhaticon, the 350. 423. 
 Rhaziins 370. 
 Rhein, Averser 373. 374. 
 -, Hinter 359. 363. 378. 
 — ,— (Source of the) 378. 
 — , Medelser, or 
 — , Mittel , the 365. 368. 
 — , Oberhalbstein 384. 
 — , Val 375. 378. 
 — , Valser 362. 
 — , Vorder 359. 366. 368. 
 Rhein, v^riner 362. 
 Rheinegg 341. 
 Rheinfelden 18. 23. 
 Rheingtiu, Upper 341. 
 Rheinklingen 25. 
 Rhein^uellhorn, the 378. 
 Rheinthal, Vorder- 360. 
 Rheinwald Glacier 378. 
 Rheinwaldhorn, the 378. 
 Rheinwaldthal, the 376. 
 Rhine, the 3. 22. 25. etc. 
 — , the Falls of the 26. 
 Rhodan, the 304. 295. 
 Rhone, the 212. 2a4. 246. 
 
 295. 304 etc. 
 Rhone Glacier 117. 303. 
 — , Perte du 262. 
 Rhonen, the Hohe 40. 97. 
 Rhonestock, the 303. 109. 
 Riale 308. 
 Richensee 132. 
 Richetli Pass, the 68. 
 Richisau 66. 
 Richtersweil 41. 
 Rickelshausen 24. 
 Rickenbach 101. 99. 
 — , Ober- 85. 
 — , Nieder- 119. 
 Riddes 296. 
 Ried on the Inn 421. 
 
 — (Lot^chenthal) 186. 
 
 — (JIuotathal) 65. 
 
 — (Toss Vallev) 47. 
 
 — iValais) 306'. 
 Ried Glacier 333. 
 Riedbad 58.
 
 486 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Eieden 43. 
 
 Eieder Alp, the 306. 
 
 — Furka, the 306. 
 Riederhorn, the 306. 
 Eiedern 67. 
 Eiedmatten, Col de 313 
 
 311. 
 Eied Pass, the 333. 
 Eiedwyl 17. 
 Riehen 8. 
 Pdein 362. 
 — , Piz 360. 
 Rielasingen 24. 
 Riemenstaldenthal, the 
 
 66. a4. lul. 
 Rienzer Stock, the 105. 
 Rieseten-Paas, the 67. 
 Rietberg, Castle 370. 
 Eiffair 420. 
 Eiffelalp, the 323. 
 Riffelberg, the 322. 323. 
 Riffelbord 324. 
 Riffelhaus, the 323. 
 RiflFelhom, the 324. 326. 
 Eiflfel Hotel 323. 
 Elffler. the 422. 
 Eiggisberg 143. 
 Rigi, the 85. 
 Rigiblick 79. 
 Rigidalstock, the 120. 
 Eigi FelsenthorSe.- 37. 88, 
 
 — First 86. 91. 
 
 — Hochfluh 80. 92. 
 
 — Kaltbad 86. 87. 
 
 — Klosterli 86. 88. 
 
 — Kulm, the 86. 89. 
 
 — Rothstock, the 87. 
 
 — Scheidegg 86. 92. 
 
 — Staffel 86. 87. 88. 
 Eima 445. 335. 
 
 — , Passo di 445. 
 
 — S. Giuseppe 445. 
 Eimasco 445. 
 Eimpfischhorn 326. 332. 
 Eimpfischwange 332. 
 Einderhorner, the 182. 
 Einderwald 1S5. 
 Eingelspitz, the 361. 371. 
 Einggenberg 151. 173. 
 Einkenberg 363. 
 Einkenkopf, the 68. 
 Eionda, la 274. 
 Eipaille, Castle 245. 
 Eippe, La 2'24. 
 Eischenen Alp 298. 
 Eiseten Fall, the 30. 
 Eitom, Lake 106. 
 Eitter Pass, the 307. 
 Eitzberg Alp, the 189. 
 EitzengratU, the 167. 
 Eitzingen 305. 
 
 Eiva 335. 445. 
 
 — di Palanzo 452. 
 
 Eivasco 309. 
 
 Eivaz St.Saphorin206.228. 
 
 234. 
 Eive Haute 289. 
 Eiveo 433. 
 Eivera 426. 
 Eiviera, the 108. 
 Rivolte Alp 429. 
 Roasco, the 417. 
 Robiei, Alp 309. 434. 
 Roc iS'oir, the 317. 
 Roc de la Vache 317. 
 S. Rocco 309. 
 Roche in the Jura 10. 
 
 — on the Rhone 234. 
 
 — Percee, La 273. 
 
 — sur Foron 259. 258. 
 Rocherav 209. 
 Roches, Col des 199. 
 Rodi-Fiesso 107. 
 Rodont-Bridge, the 112. 
 Rofelhorner. the 330. 
 Rofelstaffel 330. 
 Roffel Glacier 331. 
 Roflna 384. 
 
 Rofna-Ravine, the 374. 
 Roggenhorn, the 351. 
 Roggwyl 17. 
 Rohrbachstein 189. 
 Rohren 93. 
 
 Roisetta 338. 
 Rolle 224. 234. 
 Romainmotier 203. 
 Romanico 441. 
 Romanshorn 47. 31. 
 Romerswyl 132. 
 Romiti 87. 
 Romont 205. 
 Romoos 130. 
 Ronco 432. 435. 
 Rondadura Pass 366. 
 -, Piz 366. 363. 
 Rondchatel 11. 
 Rongellen 372. 
 Rophaien 84. 
 Rorschach 50. 
 Rorschacher Berg, the 50. 
 Rosa, La 404. 
 Rosa Blanche, Pte. de 293. 
 Rosa, Monte 326. 380. 
 Rosairv, Chalets 258. 
 Rosatsch, Piz 393. 400. 
 Rose 205. 
 Roseg, Piz 401. 
 
 — Glacier 397. 401. 
 Roseg, Porta 401. 
 Roselette, Mt. 277. 
 Rosenberg, the 49. 
 Rosenhorn, the 168. 
 Rosenlaui, Baths of 169. 
 
 Glacier 169. 
 Rossa 380. 
 — , Bocca 307. 
 
 Pujssberg 100. 71. 72. 101. 
 Rossboden Glacier 301. 
 Rossbodenbom, the 301. 
 Rossbodenpass 300. 333. 
 Rossbiihel, the 50. 
 Rossfall, the 58. 
 Rossiniere 242. 
 Rossmatt Valley 66. 
 Rosso, Mte. 439. 
 — , Cima di 338. 
 Rossstock, the 103. 84. 
 Rbteln 47, 
 Rothegg, the 121. 
 Rothe Boden 324. 326. 
 
 — Herd, the 157, 
 
 — Kumme, the 136. 
 
 — Totzen, the 94. 
 Rothelspitze, the 419, 
 Eothenberg 192. 
 Eothenbrunnen 370. 
 Eothenburg 21. 
 Eothenegg, the 153. 
 Rothenthurm 99. 
 Eothfluh, the, near Vitz- 
 
 nau 79. 
 
 — near Arth 88. 
 Eothgratli, the 85. 121. 
 Eothhorn, the Brienzer 
 
 172, 124. 130. 
 — , the Aroser 358. 
 — , the Aeusser 301. 
 — , the (Bliimlisalp) 181. 
 — , Faldum 187, 
 — , Ferden 187. 
 — , Eesti 187. 
 
 — (Macugnaga) 330. 
 
 — (Oberaarjoch) 178. 
 — , the Sigriswyler 146. 
 — , Unter 326. 
 
 — (Zermatt^ 326. 
 
 — (Zinal) 3l7. 327. 
 Eothhornstock 356. 
 Eothi, the 16. 
 Eothihorn, the 168, 
 Eothkreuz 22. 72, 100, 
 Rothrist 17. 
 Eoth-See, the 72. 
 Eothstock, the Rigi- 87, 
 — , the Uri- 85. 120. 
 
 — , the Engelberg 120. 85. 
 
 — Liicke, the 85, 
 Roththal, the 160. 162, 
 Roththal Sattel 160. 162. 
 
 306. . 
 Roththor, the 45. 
 Rotondo, Pizzo 106. 112. 
 — , Passo 106. 113. 
 Rotten , the 304. 
 Rotzberg, the 93. 
 Rotzloch, the 93. 
 Rougemont 192. 
 Rousses, Les 223. 
 Rovana, Val 433.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 487 
 
 ■Rovano, Passo 402. 
 Rovegro 439. 
 Rovenna 452. 
 Roveredo 380. 
 Rovio 431. 
 Ruan, Mont 248. 
 Rubigen 141. 
 Riiblihorn, the 192. 242. 
 Ruch-Eptingen 13. 
 Ruchen, the Grosse 115. 
 
 64. 
 Ruchenglarnisch, the 66. 
 Ruchhubel. the 120. 
 Ruchkehlen Pas.s 115, 
 Ruchi, the 60. 63. 
 Riichi, the 63. 
 Rudenz, Chateau 84. 
 Rue 206. 
 Riiegsau 17. 
 Rueras 366. 
 
 Rugen, the Kleine 149. 
 Ruinaz 283. 
 Ruinette, the 294. 
 Ruis 363. 
 Rumianca 443. 
 Riimikon 47. 
 Rumilly 254. 
 Runplanas 372. 
 Ruosalp 65. 
 Ruosalper Kulm 65. 
 Ruppersweil 22. 
 Riischlikon 41. 
 Ru.ssein, Piz 63. 
 — , Val 63. 364. 
 Russo 433. 
 
 Ruth, Dent de 192. - 
 Ruti in the Rhine Valley 
 
 342. 
 
 — (Arosa) 358. 
 
 — nearRapperswil 42. 47. 
 
 — near Stachelberg 61. 
 Riitli, the 83. 
 
 Rutor, the 282. 
 Riittifirn, the 129. 
 Riittihubelbad 131. 
 Ruvigliano 429. 
 Ruz, Val de 197. 
 Rykon 47. 
 
 Saane, see Sarine. 
 Saancn 192. 238. 
 
 — Moser, the lf;2. 
 Saas im Grund 332. 
 
 — -Fee 332. 
 
 Saas in the Prjitigau 351. 
 Saasbevg, the 61. G6. 
 Saasgrat, the 298. 320. 
 Saas-Pass, the 303. 
 Saasthal, the 332. 
 Sacconnex 219. 
 Sachseln 124. 
 Sackingen 23. 18. 
 Safenwyl 20. 
 
 Safien-Platz 360. 
 
 Safierberg, the 360. 
 
 Safier Thai, the 360. 
 
 Sage, La 313. 314. 311. 
 
 Sagens 361. 
 
 Sagerou, Col de 248. 263, 
 
 Sagisthal 153. 168. 
 
 Sagivan 281. 
 
 Sagliains, Val 406. 
 
 Sagne, Mont 198. 
 
 Sajento, the 412. 
 
 Sala 452. 429. 
 
 Saland 47. 
 
 Salanfe, the 237. 248. 274. 
 
 Salanfe Alp, the 248. 274. 
 
 — , Col de 248. 
 
 Salav 313. 
 
 Salba 404. 
 
 Salecina, Motta 387. 
 
 — , Pizzo 3S7. 
 
 Saleinaz, Fenetre de 272. 
 
 288. 
 — , Glacier de 272. 
 Salenstein 25. 31. 
 Sales 206. 
 Sale.9 231. 
 Saletz 342. 
 Saleve, Mont 220. 
 Salgesch 297. 
 Salins 256. 
 Sallanches 260. 256. 
 Salle, La 256. 283. 
 Salles, Pointe de 263. 
 Sallierea, Tour 248. 274. 
 Salquenen 297. 
 Sals Alp 45. 
 Salteras, Piz 382. 
 Saltine, the 297. 298. 
 Salute, La 436. 
 Saluver, Val 393. 395. 
 Salux 384. 
 Salvagny 263. 
 Salvan 274. 
 Salvasplanas 394. 
 S. Salvatore, Monte 428. 
 Salza Alp 336. 
 Samaden 394. 
 Sambtis-See 56. 59. 342. 
 Sambucco 434. 
 Saminathal 423. 
 Samoens 262. 
 Samolaco 377. 
 Samstagern 97. 41. 
 Sanagra, Val 447. 
 Sand-Alp, Lower 63. 
 — , Upper 63. 365. 
 Sandalp Pass , the 63. 365. 
 Sand Glacier, the 365. 
 Sandtirn, the 63. 115. 365. 
 Sandgrat, the 115. 365. 
 Sandhubel, the 356. 358. 
 Sanetsch, the 239. 
 Sanetschhorn, the 239. 
 
 Sanna, the 421. 
 
 Santino 439. 
 
 Saoseo, Cima 40i. 
 
 St. Saphorin 228. 234.206. 
 
 Sapvin 359. 
 
 Sardasca Alp 352. 
 
 Sardona Alp 68. 846. 
 
 — Glacier, the 68. 
 
 — Pass, the 68. 
 Sargans 46. 342. 
 Sarina Alp 343. 
 Sarine, the 192. 203. 241. 
 
 etc. 
 Sarmensdorf 132. 
 Sam 371. 
 Sarnen 123. 
 — , Lake of 124. 
 Saronno 437. 
 Sarraz, La 208. 
 Sarre, La 283. 
 Sassalbo, Pizzo 412. 
 Sassal Masone 403. 
 
 , Alp 403. 
 
 Sass Auta 407. 
 Sassella 413. 
 Sassello Pass 434. 106, 
 Sasseneire, the 315. 311. 
 Sassi, J?asso dei 106. 434. 
 Sassiglione , Forcola di 
 
 412. 
 Sassina, Val 443. 449. 
 Sasso' del Ferro 437. 
 
 — BJisolo, Val di 413. 
 
 — di S. Gottardo 112. 
 
 — S. MartJno 451. 
 
 — Rancio, II 449. 
 Satarma 312. 
 Satignv 252. 
 Sattel 99. 72. 
 Sattelhorn. the 306. 299. 
 Satteli, the 126. 
 Sattelteliicke, the 362. 
 Sauce, Chalet de la 279. 
 Sauge, La 208. 
 Saugern 9. 
 
 Sauren Glacier, the OS. 
 Saurenstock, the 68. 
 Saussure, Pavilion 282. 
 — , Aig. de 270. 
 Sauterot 311. 
 Savognin 384. 
 Sax 342. 
 
 Saxe, La, Baths 280. 
 — , Mont de 281. 
 Saxer Lucke, the 342. 
 Saxeten 153. 
 Saxetenthal 158. 179. 
 Saxon, Baths of 295. 
 Scai, Piz 107. 369. 
 Scala, Lago della 403. 
 Scale, Mte. delle 417. 
 Scaletta-Pass, the 355. 
 
 — Glacier 36i5.
 
 488 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Scalettahorn, tlie 355. 
 Scanfs 405. 
 Scara Orell 113. 
 Scaradra Pass 363. 
 Scareglia 429. 
 Scarl 410. 
 
 Scarljochl, the 410. 
 Scarltbal, the 410. 
 Scatta, Passo della 433. 
 
 — Minojo 307. 
 Scerscen Glacier , the 
 
 390. 401. 
 — . Monte di 401. 
 
 — Pass, the 390. 413. 
 Scesaplana, the 350. 422. 
 Schaan 423. 
 Schachen 51. 129. 
 Schachenbad, the 51. 
 Schachenthal, the 64. 103. 
 Schadau, Chateau 142. 
 Schadburg, the 151. 
 Schafalp 409. 
 Schafberg , the (near 
 
 Wildhaus) 59. 
 
 — (Lotschenthal) 187. 
 
 — (Pontresina) 398. 
 
 — (Engstlenalp) 126. 
 
 — (Oeschinentha'"') 159. 
 Schafboden, the 56. 
 Schaffhausen 23. 
 Schafle's Egg 57. 
 Schafloch, the 146. 
 Schafmatt, the 13. 
 Schaftobel 381. 
 Schalbett Alp 383. 
 Schall, Alp 383. 
 achalliberg Alp 327. 
 Schallijoch, the 318. 328. 
 SchalUthal, the 321. 
 Schamella Club hut 350. 
 
 422. 
 Schams, Vallev of 373. 
 Schanfiggthal 357. 
 Schangnau 153. 
 Schanis 43. 
 
 Schaniser Berg, the 43. 
 Scharans 371. 3S3. 
 Scharinas 366. 
 Schai-teggli 91. 
 Schattorf 103. 
 Schatzalp, the 359. 
 Schatzberg 355. 
 Schaubhom, the 176. 
 Schauenberg, the 48. 
 Schauenburger Bad 12. 
 Schauensee 77. 95. 
 Scbeerhorn, the 64. 115. 
 Scheerhorn Griggeli 
 
 Pass, the 115. 
 Scheggia 368. 
 Scheibe, the Grosse 68. 
 Scheibe Pass, the 68. 
 Scbeibenstoll, the 44. 
 
 Scheidegg, the Great 169. 
 
 — , the Hasli 169. 
 
 — , the Lauterbrunnen, 
 
 or Little 162. 
 — , the Reschen 420. 
 — , the Rigi 92. 
 — , the Susten 128. 
 — , the Wengern 162. 
 Scheidstock, the 63. 
 Scheinige Platte, the 152. 
 Schera Alp 406. 
 Scherzligen 145. 
 Scheye, the 60. 66. 
 Schiahorn, 354. 355. 359. 
 Schienhorn the 299. 
 Schieranco 303. 
 Schiers 350. 
 Schiesshorn 353. 
 Schiffli, the 153. 
 Schild, the (Rigi) 91. 
 
 — (near Glarus) 60. 
 Schiltalp, the 157. 
 Schilthorn,the (Lolschen- 
 
 Pas3) 187. 
 
 — (near Miirren") 157. 
 Schimberg, the 130. 
 Schimberger Bad 129. 
 Schindellegi 97. 
 Schinznach 22. 
 Schirmensee 40. 
 Schlagstrasse, the 99. 
 Schlans 363. 63. 
 SchlappinaJoch 352.423. 
 Schlappinthal, the 352. 
 Schlarigna 394. 
 Schleins 411. 
 Schleuis 361. 
 Schlieren 20. 
 Schlierenalp 179. 
 Schlierenthal, the 123. 
 Schlinga, Val 409. 
 Schlossberg, the 121. 
 Schlossberg Glacier 103. 
 Schlossbergliicke , the 
 
 103. 121. 
 Schlosslikopf, the 346. 
 Schlossstock, the 121. 
 Schlossstockliicke, the 
 
 85. 121. 
 Schlosswyl 131. 
 Schluderns 420. 
 Schliindi, the 192. 
 Schmadribach Fall 158. 
 Schmadrijoch 160. 187. 
 Schmerikon 41. 43, 
 Schmidhauser 306. 
 Schmitten (Belfort) 356. 
 
 — (near Freiburg) 203. 
 
 — (Pratigau) 350. 
 
 — (Schanfigg) 359. 
 Schmorras, Pass 384. 
 Schnabel, the 39. 
 Schnaiis 363. 
 
 Schneckeninsel, the 173' 
 Schneehom, the 161. 
 Schneestock, the 128. 
 Schneidehorn, the 190. 
 Schnittvveyer Bad 142. 
 Schnurtobel, the 87. 
 Schollenen, the 110. 
 Schonboden, the 9S. 
 Schonbrunn 72. 
 Schonbiihl 17. 
 Schonegg 349. 
 Schonegg Pass 85. 119. 
 Schonfels 71. 
 Schonhorn, the 300. 
 Schrattern, Alp 175. 
 Schreckhorn, the 165. 
 Schreienbach, the 62. 
 Schrinen, Alp 45. 
 Schruns 423. 
 Schuls 408. 
 Schiipfen 12. 
 Schvipfheim 130. 
 Schliss, the 11. 
 Schwabhorn, the 153. 
 Schwaldis, Alp 46. 
 Schwalmern, the 153. 179. 
 Sehwalmis. the 119. 
 Schwanau, Island of lOl. 
 Schwand 120. 
 Schwanden 61. 
 Schwandfeldspitze 185. 
 Schwandi 95. 61. 
 Schwannhohe 66. 
 Schwarenbach 182. 
 Schwarzach 424. 
 Schwarzberg Glacier 331. 
 Schwarzberg - Weissthor, 
 
 the 328. 331. 
 Schwarze Glacier 113. 
 
 327. 
 Schwarzegg Hut 165. 178. 
 Schwarzenbach 48. 65. 
 Schwarzenberg 129. 
 -, Chalets 331. 
 Schwarze See, the, near 
 
 Davos 353. 
 
 — near Freiburg 205. 
 
 — near Tar asp 409. 
 Schwarzgletscher 182. 
 Schwarzgrat, the 103. 
 Schwarzgratli, the 186. 
 Schwarzhorn , the , near 
 
 the Faulhorn 168. 174. 
 
 — (Bliimlisalp) 159. 
 
 — (Fliiela-Pass) 353. 355. 
 
 — (Grub en) 319. 
 
 — (Montafon) 423. 
 
 — (Monte Rosa) 327. 
 
 — (Parpan) 359. 
 Schwarz-See (near Zer- 
 
 matt) 324. 
 
 — (near Klosters) 353. 
 Schwarzsee-Bad 205. 192.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 489 
 
 Schwarzthor, the 327. 336 
 Schwarzwald Glacier 169, 
 Schwefelberg 143. 
 — , Baths of 191. 192. 
 Schwein Alp, the 4'2. 66. 
 Schweinalp-Pass 42. 
 Schweizerballe 12. 
 Schweizer-Thur 350. 422, 
 Schwella\ii, the 66. 
 Schwellisee, the 3o8. 
 Schwendentbal 191. 
 Schwendi 52. 66. 
 Schwendifluh 81. 
 Schwendi-Kaltbad 123. 
 Schwendlenbad, the 131. 
 Schwerzenbach 42. 
 Schwyz 101. 
 Schyn Road, the 371. 
 Schyngrat 85. 
 Schynige Platte, the 152, 
 Sciea 245. 
 Scionzier 258. 
 Sciora, Alp 388. 416. 
 Sciundrau, Lago 434. 
 Scona 369. 
 Scopa 445. 
 Scopello 445. 
 Scopi, the 368. 
 Sedrun 365. 
 Seealpsee, the 56. 
 Seebach 20. 
 Seeboden-Alp, the 89. 
 Seedorf 84. 
 
 Seehorner tSilvretta) 352 
 Seekopf 422. 
 Seelibuhl, the 143. 
 Seelisberg 81. 
 Seelisberger Kulin 81. 
 
 — See 79. 81. 
 Seen 47. 
 Seengen 132. 
 Seesvenna, Val 409. 
 — , Piz 410. 
 Seethal, the 131. 
 Seewen 101. 
 Seewinen Glacier 331. 
 Seewis 350. 
 
 Seez 282. 
 Seez, the 45. 
 Seezberg, the 46. 
 Seezthal, the 45. 6S. 
 Sefinenalp, the 157. 
 Sefinenfurgge, the 159. 
 Sefinenthal, the 157. 
 Seftigschwend 143. 
 Segl 389. 
 Segnas 366. 
 Segnes Glacier 68. 361. 
 
 — Pass, the 68. 361. 
 
 — Piz 68. 
 
 Segno, Piano di 369. 
 Segrino, Lago del 465. 
 Seigne, Col de la 279. 
 
 Seigneldgier 19S, 
 Seilon, Col de 294. 311 
 
 313 
 — , Chalets 311. 313. 
 Seiloz, La 282. 
 Selbsanft, the 62. G3. 
 Selden 187. 159. 
 Selkingen 305. 
 Sella, La 401. 
 
 — Pass, the 401. 
 
 — Glacier, the 401. 
 
 — Lake 112. 
 
 — , Rifugio (Mont Blanc) 
 
 270. 
 — , — (Lyskamm) 326.328, 
 — ,— ( VVci.«3thor) 328. 331 
 Selun, the 44. 
 Selva 367. 
 Selvas, Muot 389. 
 Selzach 16. 
 
 Sembrancher 2aS. 293. 
 Semetta, Gran 337. 
 Semione 369. 
 Semnoz, the 257. 
 Seraogo 404. 417. 
 Serapach 20. 
 Semsales 241. 
 Sena, Pizzo di 403. 
 Sengg 174. 
 Sengla, la 313. 
 Sennhof 47. 
 Sennwald 55. 342. 
 Sent 409. 
 Sentier, Le 209. 
 Sentis, the 66. 5S," 59. 
 Seon 132. 
 Sepey, Le (Ormont) 240. 
 
 — (Val d'Herens) 313. 
 Septimer, the 38.5. 
 Seranastga Alp 363. 
 Serbelloni, Villa 451. 
 Seregno 455. 
 Serena, Col de la 292. 
 Serenbach, the 43. 
 Serengia, Piz 366. 
 Sergnement 243. 
 Sergnieux 275. 
 Serlas 405. 
 Sermenza, Val 445. 
 Serneus 351. 
 Sernf-Thal, the 67. 
 Sernio 417. 
 Serpentine, the 294. 
 Serra, la 406. 
 
 Serra Noire 317. 
 Serrieres 199. 
 Sertena, Alp 429. 
 Sertig-Dorfli 355. 
 Sertig Pass, the 355. 
 Sertigthal, the 356. 
 Servaplana 244. 
 Serviezel, Riiiii 411. 
 Servoz 261. 
 
 Sesia Joch, the 328. 335. 
 
 — Glacier, the 336. 
 
 — Valley 334. 444. 
 Sesto 455. 
 
 Sesto-Calende 442. 435. 
 Sether Furka, the 68. 
 Sett, Passo di 385. 
 Settimo Vittone 2S7. 
 Seuzach 31. 
 
 Sevelen 342. 
 Sevenen, Alp 301. 
 Sevreu, Col de 293. 
 S^vrier 257. 
 Scwelistock, the 103. 
 Sexblanc, Colde2y3.'288. 
 Sex Rouge, the 239. 
 Seyon, the 195. 
 Seyssel 252. 
 Sezenove 220. 
 Sfazzu 411. 
 Sgrischus, Lej 401. 
 Sichellauenen 163. 
 Siders 296. 
 
 Sieben Brunnen, the 188, 
 Siebnen 41. 
 
 Siedelhorn, the Great 177. 
 — , the Little 177. 
 Sied( .,> Glacier, the 1 17. 
 Siegmundsried 421. 
 Sielva 420. 
 Sierne 220. 
 Sierre 296. 
 
 Sierroz, Gorges du 254. 
 Siggenthal 22. 
 Signalhorn, the 363. 
 Signalktippe, the (Monte 
 
 Rosa) 327. 330. 336. 
 Signau 131. 
 Signayes 292. 
 Sigriswyl 146. 
 Sigriswvl-Grat, the 146. 
 Sihl, the 20. 46. 73. 97. 
 
 99. etc. 
 Sihl-Briicke, the 73. 
 Sihlseeli 66. 
 Sihlthal, the 39. 
 Sihlwald 39. 
 Silberhorn, the 162. 
 Silbern 66. 
 Silberstock, the 62. 
 Sileuen 103. 
 Sillornalp 185. 
 Sils (Engadine) 3S9. 
 in the Rheinthal 371. 
 
 , Lake of 388. 
 Silva, Ada 392. 
 Silvaplana 390. 
 — , Lake of 390. 
 Silvretta, the 407. 
 
 — Club-hut 352. 
 Glacier 352. 
 
 Silvrettahorn, the 352. 
 Silvretta Pass, the 352.
 
 490 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Simano, the 369. 
 Simelihorn, the 167. 168, 
 Simelipass, the 301. 333 
 Simme, the 188. 191 etc, 
 — , Fall of the 188. 
 Simmenegg, the 191. 
 Simmenfluh, the 191, 
 Simmenthal , the 188. 
 
 191. 
 St. Simon 254. 
 Simplon 801. 
 — , the Pass 300. 
 — Hospice 300. 
 Sinestra, Val 409. 410. 
 Singen 24. 
 Sins 22. 
 Sion 296. 
 
 Sion, Mayens de 310. 
 — , Monastery of 43. 
 Sionne 295. 
 Sirnach 48. 
 Sirvoltenhorn 301. 
 Sirvoltenjoch 301. 
 Sisikon 84. 102. 
 Sismonda, Signal 284. 
 Sissach 13. 
 
 Sissacher Fluh, the 13. 
 Sisseln-Thal 18. 9" 
 Sissone, Monte 388. 
 Sitter, the 47. 48. 54. 
 Sitterthal 47. 
 Siviriez 206. 
 Six-Madun, the 111. 367. 
 Sixt 263. 
 Soazza 379. 
 Soglio 416. 
 Soja, Val 369. 
 Soladino Fall 433. 
 Solalex 244. 
 Solavers, Ruin 350. 
 Solbiate 437. 
 Solda, Val 429. 447. 
 Solduno 432. 
 Solis Bridge, the 372. 
 Soleure or 
 Solothurn 14. 
 Som la Proz 282. 
 Somascona 369. 
 Sombeval 11. 
 Someo 433. 
 Someraro 441. 
 Sommartel 198. 
 Sommerau 13. 
 Sommerikopf, the 59. 
 Sommet des Vignes 238. 
 Somvix 364. 
 — , Val 364. 
 
 Sonadon, Col du 289. 294. 
 — , Glacier du 289. 294. 
 Sonceboz 11. 
 Sondalo 417. 
 Sondrio 413. 
 Sonlerto 434. 
 
 Sonnenberg, nearLucerne 
 74. 77.129. 
 
 — near Zurich 33. 
 
 — near Seelisberg 81. 
 Sonnighorn, the 333. 
 Sonoeno 432. 
 Sonviliier 198. 
 Sonzier 232. 242. 
 Soragno 429. 
 Sorebois, Col de 315. 
 -, Come de 315. 317. 
 Sorenberg 130. 
 Sorengo 428. 
 Sorescia, the 113. 
 Sorreda Pass, the 363. 
 Sorvilier 11. 
 Sosto, Mt. 369. 
 Sottile, Ospizio 335. 
 Sous-Malan 262. 
 Souste, la 297. 
 Soyhieres 9. 
 Spadlatseha, Val 331. 
 Spannegg 60. 
 Spannort. the Great and 
 
 Little 121. 103. 
 Spannorthiitte, the 121. 
 Spannort Joch 103. 121. 
 Sparrhorn, the 298. 
 Speer, the 44. 58. 
 Speicher 53. 
 Spersils 409. 
 Spescha, Porta da 63. 365. 
 Spicherfluh, the 123. 
 Spieliaui See, the 366. 
 Spielmatte 148. 
 Spiez 145. 146. 
 Spiezmoos 179. 
 Spiezwyler 179. 
 Spin, Val 406. 
 Spinabad, the 355. 
 Spino 416. 
 Spiringen 64. 103. 
 Spissa 334. 
 Spissenegg, the 93. 
 Spitalmatte, the 182. 
 Spitelriiti 64. 
 Spitzberg,thel09.116. 
 Spitzliberg, the 110. 
 Spliidatsch, Castle 385. 
 Spluga, Monte 414. 
 Spliigen 375. 
 Spliigen Pass, the 375. 
 Spoccia 436. 
 Spol, the 406. 
 Spondinig 420. 
 Spontiskbpfe, the 349. 
 Sporeralp, the 422. 
 Spruga 433. 
 Sruors, the 398. 
 Staad 341. 50. 
 Stabbio Alps, the 380. 
 Stabbio-Grat, the 379. 
 Stachelberg, Baths of 61. 
 
 Stafa 40. 
 
 Stafelalp, the 114. 
 Stafeln, the 114. 
 Statlelalp 325. 314. 
 Statielwald bO'd. 
 Stalden in the Viap Valley 
 
 32U. 334. 
 — , on the Pragel 66. 
 — , in theSimmenthal 188. 
 Staldenegg, the 144. 
 Staldenried 320. 334. 
 Staldhorn, the 299. 
 Stalla 385. 
 Stallerberg, the 374. 
 Stalvedro 385. 
 Stalvedro, Stretto di 107, 
 Stammerspitz, the 410. 
 Stammheim 31. 
 Stampa 415. 
 Stans 118. 
 
 Stanserhom, the 118, 
 Stansstad 93. 118. 
 Stanz, see Stans. 
 Valley of 423. 
 Starkenbach 58. 
 Starkenstein 5S. 
 Starlera, Val 374. 
 Statz Alp 393. 400. 
 Statz, Lake of 393. 397. 
 Statzer Horn 383. 371. 
 Staubbach, the 155. 
 Staubi, the 64. 
 Staufberg, the 22. 132. 
 Stavelatsch, Fuorcla 364. 
 Stavelchod, Val da 406. 
 Staziona 413. 
 Stechelberg 158. 
 Steckborn 31. 25. 
 Steffisburg 142. 
 Steg 185. 
 Steig 24. 
 
 teigli-Egg, the 94. 
 Stein, Zum 128. 
 
 zu Baden 19. 
 — , in the Grisons 384. 
 
 — on the Rhine 18. 25. 31. 
 
 — (Toggenburg) 58. 
 Steinach, the 49. 
 
 Castle 50. 
 Steinalp-Brisen, the 119. 
 Steinbach 99. 
 Steinberg, the 128. 
 
 the Lower 158. 
 — j the Upper 158. 
 Steinen 101. 
 
 Steinenberg Alp, the 159. 
 Steinerberg 100. 101. 
 Steinerne Tisch 50. 341. 
 Stein-Glacier, the 128. 
 Stein-Limmi 128. 
 Steinsberg 407. 
 Steinthalhorn, the 319. 
 Steinthali, the 66.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 491 
 
 Steje, Becco delle 2S7. 
 Stella, Corno 413. 
 Stellihorn, the 331. 333. 
 Stelli-See, tlie 325. 
 Stelvio 419. 
 Stelvio Pas3, the 419. 
 St. Stephan 188. 
 Stilfs 419. 
 
 Stilfser Joch, the 419. 
 Stockalp, the 305. 
 Stock Glacier 313. 314. 
 Stock, Alp 123. 
 Stockalper-Canal 246. 
 Stockerli 42. 
 Stockgron, the 63. 
 Stockhorn, the 191. 143. 
 Stockje 313. 314. 327. 
 Stockknubel, the 326. 
 Stoffelalp 335. 
 Stoos, near Brunnen 83. 
 Storegg, the 12l. 123. 
 Stoss, near Gais 54. 342, 
 Strada 411. 
 Strahlegg, the 165. 
 Strahlegghorner 165. 
 Strahlhorn, the 326. 332 
 Strassberg, Ruins 357. 383. 
 Strassenhaus 423. 
 Strattligen 143. 145. 
 Strela Pass, the c559. 855 
 Strengen 422. 
 Stresa 440. 
 Stretta, La 402. 
 — , Piz della 403. 
 Strim Glacier 115. 
 Strimthal 116. 366. 116. 
 Strona, the 443. 
 Strubelegg, the 186. 
 Stuben 421. 
 Stiiber-Fall 423. 
 Stiicklistock, the 129. 
 Studerhorn, the 178. 
 Studerjoch, the 178. 306. 
 Stnfensteinalp, the 160. 
 Stulsergratj the 356. 357 
 Slurvis 372. 
 Stutz 93. 
 
 Stutzalp, the 352. 
 Stutzberg, the 80. 
 Suberg 12. 
 Subigen 17. 
 Sublage, le 239. 
 Suchet, Mont 202. 208. 
 Siid-Lenzspitze 333. 
 Sueglio 449. 
 Sufers 375. 
 Suggithurm, the 153. 
 Sugiez 208. 
 Suhr 20. 22. 
 Suldalp, Untere 179. 
 Suldenthal, the 419. 
 Suldthal, the 154. 179. 
 Sulege, the 153. 154. 
 
 Sulgen 47. 
 
 St. Sulpice 200. 225. 
 Suls, Alp 153. 
 Sulsanna 356. 
 
 Val 355. 405. 
 Su'lzfluh, the 351. 423. 
 Sulz Glacier 304. 
 Sumisvvald 17. 
 Suna 439. 
 
 Sundgraben, the 147 
 Sundlauenen 147. 
 Suno 444. 
 Sur 386. 
 Sura, Alp 361. 36i. 868. 
 
 400. 
 Surava 357. 381. 
 Sur En 409. 
 Surenen Pass, the 121. 
 Suretta, Val 375. 
 Surettahorn, the 373. 375. 
 Surlej 390. 
 Surlej, Alp 390. 
 — , Fuorcla da 390. 400. 
 — , Piz 393. 400. 
 Sur-les-Bois 257. 
 Surovel, Alp 3t 0.398. 400. 
 Surpalix, Val 366. 
 Surpierre 207. 
 Surrhein 364. 365. 
 Sur Sass 409. 
 Sursee 20. 
 Sursura, Piz 406. 
 — Glacier 406. 
 — , Val 406. 
 Sii Som 406. 
 Siis 406. 
 
 Susasca, the 352. 353. 
 Suser Thai, the 352. 
 Sussillon 316. 
 Susten 297. 
 Susten Alp, the 129. 
 Susten-Horner 128. 
 Susten-Limmi 128. 110. 
 Susten-Scheidegg 128. 
 Suvoroff Bridge 65. 102. 
 Suvretta, Val 393. 404. 
 Suzanfe, see Clusanfe. 
 
 Tabor, Mont 327. 
 Taceno 449. 
 
 Tacunay, Glacier de 2G1. 
 Tacul, Glacier du 266. 270. 
 — , Montblanc du 268. 2T0. 
 Tagertschi 131. 
 Tagerweilen 31. 
 Tagliaferro, the 335. 
 Tagstein, Castle 371. 
 Taillat, La 274. 
 Taille, Mont 336. 
 Tailleres, Lac des 200. 
 Taino 435. 
 Talamona 414. 
 Talefre, Aig. de 270. 
 
 Talefre, Cul de 270. 
 
 Glacier de 267. 270. 
 Talloires 257. 
 Tamaro, Monte 429. 435. 
 Tambohorn, the 375. 
 Tamie, Col de 256. 
 Tamina, the 342. 344. 
 Tamins 360. 
 Taneda lUi. 
 Taney, Lake of 246. 
 Taninges 262. 260. 
 Tannenalp, the 123. 126. 
 Tanneverge, Pointe and 
 
 Cul de 21j3. 274. 
 Tannwald 8. 
 Tanzbodeli, the 154. 179. 
 I'anzbuden 350. 
 Tapiaz, La 269. 
 Tarasp, Castle 407. 
 — , Baths of 408. 
 Tarentaise, the 256. 282. 
 Tartsch 420. 
 Tasch 321. 
 
 Tasch-Alp, the 333. 328. 
 Taschhorn, the 333. 
 Tiisch-Pass, the 332. 
 Tasna, Val W- 
 Tassivo Valley 429. 
 Tatlishorn, the 187. 
 Tatschbach, the 120. 
 Taubenloch, Gorge 11. 
 Taufers 418. 420. 
 Tavagnasco 267. 
 Tavanasa 363. 
 Tavannes 11. 
 Tavel 22J. 230. 
 Taverne 426. 429. 
 Tavetsch 365. 
 — , Mompe 365. 
 Tavordo 447. 
 Tecchio, Al 374. 
 Tecknau 13. 
 Teglino, Val 413. 
 Teglio 413. 
 TelFs Chapel (near Kiiss- 
 
 nacht) 97. 
 
 — (near Biirglen) 108. 
 
 — (Lake of Lucerne) 84. 
 Teirs Platte, the 84. 102. 
 Tellenburg, the 180. 
 Telli, the 157. 
 Tellithal, the 160. 182. 
 Tencia, Cauipo 434. 
 Teudre, Mont 209. 
 Tene, La 197. 
 Tcniger Bad 364. 
 Tenji, Val 364. 
 Tennwyl 132. 
 
 Teo, Pizzo di 403. 
 Terniu, Bocbetta del 445. 
 Termine, Val 107. 
 Terms, Val 366. 
 Ternate 437.
 
 492 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ternier 220. 
 Terrarossa, Punta di 300 
 Terrassa 287. 
 Terri, Piz 363. 
 Terrible, Mont 10. 
 Territet 230. 232. 234. 
 Territet-Chillon 232. 
 
 — Glion 234. 
 Terzen 44. 
 Tesserete 429. 
 Tessin, see Ticino. 
 Tete Blanche 285. 313.314. 
 Tete de Bois, the 289. 
 Tete Noire, the (near the 
 
 Col de la Forclaz) 273. 
 
 — (near St. Gervais) 261. 
 Tete de Rang, the i97 
 Teufelsbriicke, the, in the 
 
 Reussthal 110. 
 
 — near Miirren 157. 
 
 — in the Sihlthal 98. 
 Teufelsmtinster, the 81. 
 Teufelsstein 104. 110. 
 Teufen 57. 
 
 Tgietschen, Piz 115. 363 
 Thai 341. 
 Thalacker 71. 72. 
 Thaleggli, the 128. v 
 Thalheim 31. 
 Thalkirch 360. 
 Thalliboden, the 331. 
 Thalligrat, the 305. 
 Thalti?tock, the 127. 
 Thalwyl 41. 
 Thayingen 24. 
 Theodule Glacier, the 325. 
 
 327 
 
 — Pass, the 326. 327. 
 337. 338. 
 
 Theodulhorn, the 325. 
 Therwvl 8. 
 Thensseret 198. 
 Thiele or Zihl, the 194. 
 
 202. 
 Thiengen 23. 
 Thierachern 143. 
 Thieralplistock, the 128. 
 Thierberg, the 113. 128. 
 
 — Gletscher 189. 
 
 — Limmi 110. 128. 
 Thierbergli, the 128. 
 Thierfehd, the 62. 
 Thierwies 57. 
 Thon 61. 
 
 Thones 258. 
 
 Thonon 245. 252. 
 
 Thorishaus 203. 
 
 Three Holy Springs 419. 
 
 ThuOe, the 2b2. 
 
 — , La 282. 
 
 Thun 141. 
 
 — , Lake of 144. 145. 
 
 Thun-See 145. 
 
 Thur, the 31. 32. 47. etc 
 Thurgau, Canton 47. 
 Thurm, the Aeussere and 
 
 Innere 331. 
 Thurmberg, the 151. 
 Thusis 371. 
 Tiarms, Pass da 366. 
 — , Piz, Val 366. 
 Tiatscha Pass, the 352. 
 -, Val 410. 
 Tiatsche Glacier 407. 
 Ticino. the 107. 113. 304. 
 
 380. 431. 435. etc. 
 — . the Canton of 425. 
 Tiefenbach 117. 
 Tiefenaletscher. the 117. 
 Tiefenkasten 384. 
 Tiefenmatten Glacier 314. 
 — Joch 327. 
 Tiefensattel , the 117. 
 
 128. 
 Tiefenwinkel 44. 
 Tiejerfluh 358. 
 Tigiel-Alp 381. 
 Tignes 283. 
 Tilisuna Hut 423. 
 Tine, La 242. 
 Tiues, Les 267. 271. 
 Tiniere, Col de la 233. 
 Tinzen 384. 
 Tinzenhorn, the 381. 
 Tinzenthorpass 381. 
 Tirano 413. 417. 
 — , Madonna di 412. 
 Tisch, Val 382. 
 Titlis, the 121. 126. 
 Todi, the 63. 365. 
 — , the Biindner 364. 
 — , the Lesser 365. 
 Todte Alp 422. 
 Todtensee 178. 
 Toffen 143. 
 Toggenburg, the 58. 
 Toggia, Valle 309. 
 Toma Lake, the 366. 
 Tomlisalp, the 95. 
 Tomlishorn, the 95. 
 Tomiil, Piz 362. 
 Tondu, Col du Mt. 278. 
 — , Mont 278. 
 Tonta, La 404. 
 Tonzanico 453. 
 Torgnon Glacier 313. 
 Tornico 438. 
 Tomo 452. 
 Torre 413. 369. 
 Torrent, Col de 315. 
 -, Val de 315. 
 Torrentalp, the 184. 315 
 Torrenthorn, the 184. 
 Torrigia 452. 
 Torrone, Pizzo 388. 
 Torta, Val 352. 434. 
 
 Tosa, the 302. 308. 439. 
 
 442 etc. 
 — , Falls of the 308. 
 Tosens 421. 
 Toss 46. 
 — , the 32. 46. 
 Tongues 245. 
 Tounot, the 316. 319. 
 — , Alp 319. 
 — , Lac de 316. 
 Tour 276. 
 Tour, La 262. 
 Tour, Aig. de la 269. 
 — , Aig. du 273. 276. 288. 
 — , Cabane de la 327. 
 — , Col du 276. 
 — , Glacier du 276. 
 
 — Noire 272. 
 
 — de Peilz, La 230. 234. 
 229. 
 
 — de Treme, La 241. 
 Tournalin, Grand 33S. 
 Tournanche, Val 338. 
 — , Col de 327. 
 Tournelon Blanc, the 293. 
 
 294. 
 Tournette, Mont (Isere 
 Valley) 256. 
 
 — (near Annecv) 257. 
 Tour-Ronde 246. 
 Tourtemagne 297. 
 Tovo 417. 
 
 Trachsellauenen 158. 
 Tracht 172. 
 Tracuit, Alp 317. 
 
 — , Col de 319. 317. 
 
 Trafoi 419. 
 
 Trafoi Glaciers, the 419. 
 
 Trais Fluors 395. 
 
 Tram el an 11. 
 
 Trasquera 300. 302. 
 
 Travers 200. 
 
 — , Val de 200. 
 
 Treib 81. 
 
 Trelatete, Aig. de 280. 
 
 — , Col de 278. 
 
 Trelatete, Glacier de 278. 
 
 Pavilion de 278. 
 Trelechamp 272. 
 Trelex 223. 
 Tremettaz, Alp 241. 
 Tremezzina, the 452. 
 Tremezzo 452. 
 Tremoggia, Piz 390. 
 
 — Pass, the 390. 
 Tremola, Val 113. 
 Tremorgio, Lago 434. 
 — , Pizzo 434. 
 Trepalle 417. 
 Tresa, the 436. 446. 
 
 Ponte 446. 
 Tresculmine Pass 380. 
 Tresenda 413.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 493 
 
 Tresero, Piz 418. 
 
 Tresse 278. 
 
 Tresserve 253. 
 
 Tre Uomini, Passo 380. 
 
 Trevano 429. 
 
 Tribschen 92. 
 
 Tricot, Aig. du 277. 
 
 Triege, the 274. 
 
 Trient 273. 
 
 — , the 237. 273. 
 
 — , Col de 273. 
 
 Trient, Glacier do 272 
 
 275. 
 — , Gorges du 237. 
 Trift Alp (Saas) 332. 
 
 — Glacier, the 127. 128, 
 . 317. 333. 
 
 Triftgrat, the 333. 
 Triftthal, the 127. 326. 
 Trifthorn, the 317. 
 Trif thiitte (Triftthal) 127, 
 
 — (Zermatt) 326. 327. 
 Triftjoch, the 317. 328. 
 Triftlimmi, the 127. 
 Trift Vallev 127. 
 Trimbach i3. 
 Trimmis 343. 
 Trinita del Monte 432. 
 Trins 360. 
 Trinserhorn 370. 
 Triolet, Aig. de 270. 272. 
 
 281. 
 — , Cabane de 272. 231. 
 — , Col de 270. 
 St. Triphon, Ollon 235. 
 Triquent 274. 
 — , Val de 244. 
 Tritt, the 62. 
 Tritthorn, the 112. 
 Trobaso 439. 
 Trogegg 189. 
 Trogen 53. 
 Troisrods 201. 
 Troistorrents 247. 
 Tronchet, Pont 290. 
 Trub 130. 
 Trubbach 342. 
 Trubschachen 130. 
 Triibsee, the 127. 
 Triibsee-Alp, the 127. 
 Truche, Mont, de la 235. 
 Tnidelingen 64. 
 Trugberg, the 166. 
 Triimleten Thai 162. 155. 
 Triimmelbach 155. 
 Truns 364. 
 Trupchum, Val 405. 
 Triittlisberg, the 189. 238. 
 Tschaguns 422. 
 Tschamut 367. 
 Tschanuflf, rain 410. 
 Tschappina 360. 
 Tschententhal 185. 
 
 Tschera, Piz la 373. 
 Tschiertschen 358. 
 Tschierva, Piz 401. 
 — , Glacier 401. 
 — , Vadret da 398. 
 Tschingelalp 159. ISO. 
 Tschingel Glacier 159. 180, 
 Tschingelhorn, the (Lau- 
 
 terbrunnen) 160. 187. 
 Tschingelhtirner, the 
 
 (Sernfthal) 68. 
 Tschingellochtighornl86. 
 Tschingeln-Alp 45. 68. 
 Tschingel-Pas.s 1.59. 182. 
 Tschingeltritt, the 159. 
 Tschuepis 191. 
 Tschuggen 163. 353. 358. 
 Tsours, Les 269. 
 Tiibach 50. 
 Tuckettspitze 419. 
 Tummenen 319. 
 Tuoi, Val 352. 407. 423 
 Tuors, Val 381. 
 Turba, Val 374. 
 Turbach Valley 189. 
 Turbenthal 47. 
 Turgi 19. 22. 23. 
 Tiirl, Lake of 33. 
 Turlo, Col del 334. 
 Turr, La 373. 
 Turtig 297. 
 Turtmann 297. 
 Turtmann Glacier 319. 
 — Valley 297. 31». 
 Tusch, Val 46. 
 Twann 194. 
 Twannberg 194. 
 Tvndall, Col and Pic 327. 
 Tzeudet, Glacier 289. 
 Tzintre, Defile de la 192. 
 
 Uccello, Piz 379. 
 Ueberlingen 28. 
 Ueberlinger See 25. 28. 
 Ueblenberg 180 
 Ueli Alp, ithe 62. 
 Uerikon 40. 
 Uertach, Piz 382. 405. 
 Ue.schinenthal 186. 
 Uetikon 40. 
 Uetliberg, the 38. 
 Ufiern, Val 368. 
 Pass, the 368. 
 — , Piz deir 366. 368. 
 Ufnau, Island of 40. 
 Ugines 257. 
 
 , Fontaines d' 256. 257. 
 Uina, Val 409. 
 Ulrichen 304. 308. 
 Ulrichshorn, the 333. 
 Umbrail, Piz 418. 
 Unchio 439. 
 Ungeheuerhorn. the 352. 
 
 Unspunnen, Ruins 151. 
 Unter-Aar Glacier 165. 
 
 177. 
 Unter-Aegeri 72. 
 Unteralp Pass 106. 367. 
 Untereggen 50. 
 Unterfiiren 128. 
 Unter-Gabelhorn, the 326. 
 Unter-Gschwend 92. 
 Unterhorn, the 360. 
 Unter-Laret 353. 
 Unter-M lis tail 372. 
 Unter-Mutten 372. 
 Unterschachen 64. 
 Untersee, the 24. 25. 31. 
 Unterseen 149. 
 Unter-Sihlwald 39. 
 Unter-Solis 372. 
 Unterstetten 91. 
 Unterterzen 44. 45. 
 Unterwald 309. 
 Unterwasser 59. 
 Unterzell 24. 
 Uomo, Piz deir 107. 112. 
 
 — Pass, the 107. 
 Ur, Alp d' 402. 
 Uratstocke, the 128. 
 Urbav'hthal, the 175. 
 Urden Fiirkli, the 359. 
 Urdorf 70. 
 
 Urezas, Val 407. 
 Uri, Canton 84. 102. 
 — , Lake of 83. 102. 
 
 Rothstock 85. 120. 
 
 Urio 452. 
 
 Urlaun, Piz 63. 364. 
 Urlichen 304. 
 Urmein 360. 
 Urnasch 48. 
 Urnenalp, the 175. 
 Urner Boden, the 64. 
 
 — Loch, the 110. 
 
 — See, the 83. 
 Ste. Ui-sanne 10. 
 Urschai, Val 407. 
 Urseren 111. 
 
 — , Vallev of 110. 116. 
 Urswyl 132. 
 Urweid, Innere 175. 
 Ussel 286. 
 Fssin 338. 
 Uster 42. 
 Uttigen 141. 
 Uttwyl 31. 
 Utzensdorf 16. 
 Utznach 43. 
 Utzwyl 48. 
 
 Vache, Roc de la 317. 
 Vachev, La 281. 
 Vadalles, Les 241. 
 Vadret, Piz 353. 365. 399. 
 Vadura 346.
 
 494 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Vaduz 342. 423. 
 Vago, Vedretta del 406. 
 Vaira, Val 302. 
 Valaccetta, Monte 418. 
 Valais, Ufper 304. 
 Valaisan, Mt. 282. <^ 
 Valbella 3S0. 388. 
 Valcava 406. 410. 
 Valdobbia, Col di 335. 
 Valendas 360. 
 Valens 345. 
 St. Valentin auf der 
 
 Heide 420. 
 Valeria, Castle 296. 
 Valgronda-Joch 364. 385. 
 Vallatsch 362. 
 Valleiry 252. 
 Vallesina 446. 
 Valletta, Pizzo la 112. 
 Vallettes, Les 246. 287. 
 Vallorbes 208. 
 Vallot, Cabane 270. 
 Vallung, Piz 382. 
 Valmaggia 445. 
 — , Bocchetta di 434. 309 
 Valorcine 272. 
 Valpellina 292. 312. 285. 
 — , Col de 285. 313. 314. 
 
 323 
 ValpelUne 292. 295. 312. 
 Valrbein, Piz 878. 
 Vals am Platz 362. 
 Valsainte 192. 
 Valser Berg, the 362. 
 Valsorey, Col du 289. 
 — , Glacier du 289. 
 — , Vallee du 289. 
 Valtellina, the 412. 
 Valtendra, Passo di 300. 
 Valtenigia, Alp 364. 
 Val Torta 352. 
 Valtournanche 338. 
 — , Glacier 337. 338. 
 Valtravaglia, Porto 435. 
 
 437. 
 Valzeina 350. 
 Van d'en haut 248. 274. 
 Vandceuvres 221. 
 Vanescha Pass 363. 
 Vannino, Lago 307. 
 Vanzone 329. 
 Varallo 444. 
 Vararo 437. 
 Varen 184. 
 Varenna 449. 
 Varens, Aig. de 260. 
 Varese 437. 
 Varzo 302. 
 
 Vasannenkopf, the 346. 
 Vasevev. Col de 295. 311. 
 Vason 345. 
 Vassena 453. 
 Vattis 346. 
 
 Vauderens 206. 
 Vauglia 389. 
 Vaulion, Dent de 209. 
 Vaulruz 241. 206. 
 Vaumarcus, Castle 202. 
 Vaux, Chalet of 295. 
 Vaux, La 227. 284. 
 Vazerols 384. 
 Vecchia, Denti di 429. 
 Vecchio, Passo 367. 
 Vedro, Val di 302. 
 Veglia, Alp 300. 307. 
 Veigy 221. 
 
 Veisivi, Dents de 312. "" 
 Velan, Mont 289. 
 Veltlin, see Valtellina. 
 Venay 258. 
 Vence 288. 
 Veni, Val 280. 
 Venoge, the 203. 
 Venosta 417. 
 Vereina Pass, the 352. 
 St.Verena, Hermitage 15, 
 St. Verenathal, the 15. 
 Vergeletto 433. 
 Verlorne Loch, the 372. 
 Vermunt-Pass, the 423. 
 
 Glacier 423. 
 Vernayaz 237. 
 Vernaz, Col de 246. 
 Vemela Pass 352. 407. 
 Vernex-Montreux230.231 , 
 
 234. 
 Vernifr? 220. 
 Vernok Pass 363. 
 Veroilley, Chap, de 237. 
 Verona, Piz di 412. 
 Verra Glacier, the 327. • 
 
 — Pass, the 328. 
 Verres 286. 336. 
 Verrieres Suisse 201. 
 
 — France 201. 
 Versam 360. 
 Versasca 372. 
 Versegere 293. 
 Vers FEglise 239. 
 Versoix 223. 233. 
 Verstanklahorn, the 352, 
 Verstanklathor 352. 407, 
 Verzasca, the 431. 
 
 — , Val 431. 
 Verzeia 377, 
 Vesenaz 221. 
 Vespran 415. 
 Vessona, Col de 285. 
 Vetroz 296. 
 Vevey 228. 230. 234. 
 Vex 310. 
 Veyrier 220. 252. 
 Veytaux 231. 
 Veytaux-Chillon 234. 
 Vezia 426. 
 Vezio 449. 
 
 Via Mala, the 372. 
 
 Vial, Piz 363. 364. 
 
 Vicosoprano 415. 
 
 Vierwaldstatter See 78. 
 
 Viesch, see Fiesch. 
 
 Viganella 303. 
 
 Viganello 429. 
 
 Vigens 363. 
 
 Vigezzo Valley 433. 436. 
 
 Vignale 44i. 
 
 Vigne Glacier 328. 335. 
 
 — Alp 335. 
 Vigoni, Villa 450. 
 Vilan, the 350. 
 
 Villa near Airolo 304. 
 
 — (Val Bregaglia) 416. 
 
 — (Val d^Herens) 311. 
 314. 
 
 — (Vrinthal) 363. 
 Villadossola 442. 
 Villair 281. 
 
 ViUard-sous-Mont 241. 
 Villards, Les 258. 
 Villars 235. 
 Villars-Lussery 208. 
 Villaz-St-Pierre 205. 
 Ville d^ Issert 282. 
 
 — en Sallaz 262. 
 Villefranche 2S5. 
 Villeneuve in the Aosta 
 
 Valley 283. 
 — , Lake of Geneva 238. 
 
 234. 
 Villeret 198. 
 Villers-le-Lac 199. 
 Villette, La 278. 220. 
 Villmergen 19. 22. 132. 
 Vilters 342. 
 St. Vincent 286. 
 Vincenthiitte, the 335. 
 Vincent Pvramide 327. 
 
 328. 336. 
 Vindels, Alp 346. 
 Vindonissa 19. 
 Vinsthuit, Chalets 294. 
 Vintschgau, the 420. 
 Viola, Val and Pass 404. 
 
 417. 
 Vionnaz 247. 
 Viou, Becca di 286. 
 Virv 252. 
 
 Visaille, Cant, de la 280. 
 Visletto 433. 
 Visp, orVispach298.320. 
 — , the 298. 320. 
 — , the Gorner 320. 322. 
 
 323. 334. 
 — , the Saaser 320. 332. 
 
 334. 
 Vispach 298. 
 Visperterminen 320. 
 Vissoye 316. 
 Vitelli, Val 418.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 495 
 
 S. Vittore 380. 
 Vitznau 79. 
 Vitznauer Stock 80. 
 Viviers 25 i. 
 — , Grotto 246. 
 Vizan. Piz 373. 
 Vocca 445. 
 Vogelberg, the 378. 
 Vogelise^g 53. 49. 
 Vogeljoch, the 378. 
 Vogna, Val 335. 
 Vogogna 443. 
 Vogorno 432. 
 Voirons, the 221. 262. 
 Volovron 311. 
 Vorab, the 68. 361. 
 Voralpthal, the HO. 
 Vorarlberg, the 424. 
 Vorauen 66. 
 Vorder-Glarnisch 66. 60 
 
 — Meggen 96. 
 
 — Rheinthal , the 360. 
 
 — Thierberg, the 128. 
 Vorder-Wageithal 42. 
 Vonasson, Pointe de 312 
 Vouvry 246. 
 
 Voza, Col de 2T7. 
 Vrenelisgartli, the 66. 
 Vrin 363. 
 
 Vuache, Mont 252. 
 Vnadens 241. 
 Vufflens, Castle 225. 
 Vuibez, Glacier de 312. 
 
 313. 
 — , Serra de 313. 
 Vuisternens 206. 
 Vully, Mont 207. 208. 
 Vulpera 408. 
 
 Wabern 140. 143. 
 Wiidensweil 41. 97. 
 Wagenhausen 25. 
 Wagenliicke , the 56. 57. 
 Waggis 79. 
 Waggithal, the 41. 
 Wahlalp. the 191. 
 Waid, near Ziirich 33. 
 — , near St Galleu 49. 
 Walchwyl 96. 101. 
 Wald near the Bachtel 
 
 42. 47. 
 — near Trogen 53. 
 Waldaii 141. 
 Waldenburg 12. 
 Waldhauser, the 361. 
 Waldibachfall 65. 
 Waldibrucke 131. 
 Waldisbalm, Grotto 79. 
 Waldnacht-Alp, the 122. 
 Waldsbut 23. 
 Waldspitz 167. 
 Waldstatt 48. 
 Walen-See, the 44. 
 
 Walenstadt 45. 
 
 — , Lake of 44. 
 
 Walkringen 131. 
 
 Wallenbuhlfirn 110. 
 
 Wallgau, the 423. 
 
 Wallisellen 46. 
 
 Wal tens burg 383. 
 
 Waltersfirren Alp 115. 
 
 Walzenhausen 50. 
 
 Wampffen 191. 
 
 Wandfluh 297. 
 
 -, the 314. 327. 
 
 Wand Glacier 332. 333. 
 
 Wangen 14. 25. 31. 41. 
 
 Wangi 65. 
 
 Wannenstock 66. 
 
 Wart 67. 
 
 Wartau, Castle 342. 
 
 Wartburg,Neu-,R»iins 13 
 Wartegg 50. 52. 341. 
 Wartensee 52. 20. 341. 
 Wartenstein, Pens. 345. 
 
 Warttannen 191. 
 Wasen 105. 
 Wasenhorn, the 300. 
 Wassen 105. 
 Wasserauen 56. 
 Wasserfluh, the 21. 
 Wasserwendi 171. 125. 
 Wattenwyl 143. 
 Wattingen 104. 
 Wattwyl 5S. 
 Wauwyl 20. 
 Weesen 43. - 
 
 Weggls 79. 
 Wehrathal 23. 
 Weiach 47, 
 
 Weinburg, Castle 50. 341. 
 Weinfelden 47. 
 Weissbad, the 54. 
 Weissberg, the 374. 385. 
 Weisse Frau, the 181. 
 Weisse Knott, the 419. 
 Weissenau, Ruins 151. 
 Weissenburg 191. 
 Baths of 191. 
 Weissenfluh 80. 
 Weissenried 187. 
 Weissenstein, the, in the 
 Grisons 382. 
 near Soleure 15. 
 Weissensteinhorn 362. 
 Weissfluh 352. 354. 357. 
 Weisshorn (Rawyl) 190. 
 (near Zermatt) 327. 
 (Fliiela Pass) 353. 
 
 — (Arosa) 358. 
 
 — (Parpan) 359. 
 Hotel 316. 
 
 Weissmies, the 333. 
 Weisstannen 46. 
 Weissthor, Old 328. 331. 
 New 328. 331. 
 
 Weiss- Wasserstelz 47. 
 Weitenalpstock, the 115. 
 Weiterschwanden 64.103. 
 Wellenkuppe 32'!. 
 Wellborn, the 169. . 
 Welschtobel, the 358. 
 Wenden Glacier, the 128. 
 Wendenjoch, the 121. 
 Wendenstocke, the 126. 
 Wengen 161. 
 Wengern-Alp, the 161. 
 
 Scheidegg 162. 
 
 Wengi, Baths of 71. 180. 
 Wengistein, the 15. 
 Wenslingen 13. 
 Werdenberg 59. 
 — , Castle 342. 
 Wergisthal Alp 163. 
 Werthenstein 129. 
 Wesen 43. 
 
 West-Lenzspitze 333. 
 Wetterhorn, the 168. 170. 
 Wetterhornhiitte 168.170. 
 Wetterlimmi 170. 
 Wetterlucke, the 160. 187. 
 Wettingen 19. 
 Wettschwyl 70. 
 Wetzikon 42. 
 Websteinhorn 190. 
 Wichtrach 141. 
 Wicki 109. 
 Widderegg 114. 
 Widderfeld 78. 120. 
 Widderfeld-Alp, the 167. 
 Widerh-.'ein-Furkel 45. 
 Wiedikon 38. 
 Wienachten 52. 
 Wiesberg, Castle 421. 
 Wiesen 356. 
 Wiesendangen 47. 
 Wiesener Alp 357. 
 Wiggen 130. 
 Wiggerthal, the 20. 
 Wiggis, the 59. 66. 
 Wilchingen 23. 
 Wilde Frau, the ISO. 159. 
 Wildegg 22. 
 Wildenstein, Castle 22. 
 Wilderswyl 148. 152. 154. 
 Wildgeisaberg, the 120. 
 
 123. 126. 
 Wildgerst, the 168. 
 Wildhaus 59. 
 Wildhorn 189. 190. 239. 
 
 Club-hut 189. 238. 
 Wildkirchli, the 55. 
 Wildspitz, thelOO.71.72. 
 Wildstrubel 182. 186. 
 
 189. 
 Wiler 186. 
 Willisau 20. 
 Wimmis 143. 
 IWindegg, the 127.
 
 496 
 
 Windg 
 
 ner ' 
 Windg 
 
 thale 
 Windj( ^■^avotKj. — 
 Winenthal 132. 
 Winkel 83. 
 Winkelmatten 323. 
 Winkeln 48. 
 Winter Glacier 117. 
 Winterberg, the 109. 128, 
 Winteregg, Obere 156. 
 Winterborn 112. 
 Winterjoch, the 110. 128. 
 Winterliicke, the 117. 
 Winterthur 46. 
 Wissbach Glacier 175. 
 Witterswyl 8. 
 Wittwe, the 181. 
 Wohlen 19. 22. 
 Wohlhausen 129. 20. 
 Wolfenschiessen 119. 
 Wolfgang 353. 
 Wolf balden 53. 341. 
 Wolfort 94. 
 Wolfsberg 25. 31. 
 Wollerau 41. 
 Wollishofen 41. 
 Worb 131. 
 
 Wormser Joch, the 418. 
 Worth, Schlosschen 27. 
 Wulflingen 46. 
 — , Hoch- 46. 
 Wiilpelsberg, the 22. 
 Wlirenlos 20. 
 Wurmspach, Convent 43. 
 Wydenbach 73. 
 Wvhlen 23. 
 AVyl 48. 47. 58. 
 Wyla 47. 
 W^ylen 50. 
 
 Wvler 104. 125. 127. 
 Wyleralp 125. 
 Wylerhorn, the 125. 
 Wynigen 17. 
 Wyttenwasser Glacier & 
 Pass, the 113. 
 
 Yberg, Ruins 58. 
 Yverdon 202. 
 Yvoire 245. 
 Yvonand 205. 
 
 Za-de-Zan, Col de 313. 
 — ,Glacier de 285. 312. 313. 
 Zadrell, Fuorcla 352. 
 Zagengrat, the 182. 
 Zantleuron Glacier 239. 
 
 244. 
 — , Alp 189. 239. 296. 
 Zapport Alp 378. 
 — Glacier, the 363. 
 Zapportgrat, the 378. 363. 
 Zapporthorn, the 378. 379. 
 Zarcuns 366. 
 Zarmine, Col do 312. 
 Zasenberg 165. 
 Zasenberghorn, the 165. 
 Zate, Col dn 317. 
 — , Pointe de 317. 
 Zatelet Praz 315. 
 Zavragia Ravine 364. 
 Zaziwyl 131. 
 Zelbio' 451. 
 Zelg 53. 
 Zell 47. 
 
 Zenschmiden 334. 
 Zerbaziere 275. 
 Zerbion, Mt. 286. 
 Zermatt 321. 
 Zermeigeren 332. 
 Zermeinje 321. 
 Zernetz 406. 
 Zertannen 330. 
 Zervreila 363. 
 Zeznina, Val 407. 
 Zgraggenthal, the 104. 
 Ziegelbriicke 42. 43. 59. 
 Zigiorenove, Glacier de 
 
 312. 313. 
 Zignau 363. 
 Zihl, the 11. 195. 
 Zihlistockalp 80. 92. 
 Zillis 373. 
 
 Zimmerberg, the 73. 41. 
 Zimmeregg, the 129. 
 Zimmerwald 140. 
 Zinal 316. 
 
 Zinal, Glacier de 316. 
 — , Pointe de 317. 
 
 317. 327. 
 .eke, the 177. 
 . 373. 
 
 ^xx..i\.o^ 319. 
 Zmutt 325. 318. 
 Zmutt Glacier, the 284. 
 314. 318. 324. 
 
 — Valley 324. 325. 
 Zocca, Passo di 414. 415. 
 Zocchetta, Alp 415. 
 Zofingen 20. 
 Zollbriick 17. 
 ZoUhaus 173. 
 Zollikofen 12. 17. 
 Zollikon 39. 
 
 Zorten 383. 
 Zozanne, Lac 315. 
 Zug 71. 
 
 — , Lake of 95. 72. 
 Ziige, the 356. 
 Ziigenstrasse 356. 
 Zuger Berg, the 71. 
 Zum Dorf 116. 
 
 See 324. 
 
 Steg 307. 309. 
 
 — Strich 330. 
 Zumsteinspitze 327. 330. 
 
 336. 
 Znoz 405. 
 Zupo, Piz 401. 
 Ziirchersmuhle 48. 
 Ziirich 32. 
 
 , Lake of 39. 
 Zilrichberg, the 33. 
 Zurzach 47. 
 Zustoll, the 44. 
 Zutz 405. 
 Zweidlen 47. 
 Zweiliitschinen 154. 
 Zweisimmen 192. 
 Zwillinge, the 324. 
 Zwillings-Pass, the 328. 
 
 336. 
 Zwingen, Schloss 9. 
 Zwinsili Pass 56. 
 Zwing-Uri 103. 
 Zwischbergen Pass 302. 
 
 333. 
 Zwischen-Thierbergen 
 
 128. 
 Zwitzer Egg, the 189. 
 
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