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 /•i,Ni.'l„J „.t l/,^ /l,f ,1/n-rl.rM,,, I. I.ll'.l.
 
 AN 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ORIGINAL PARISH OF WHALLEY, 
 
 AND 
 
 HONOR OF CLITHEROE, 
 
 IN THE 
 
 COUNTIES OF LANCASTER AND YORK. 
 
 TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED, 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF THE PARISH OF CARTMELL. 
 
 By THOMAS DUNHAM WHITAKER, LL. D. F.S.A. 
 
 VICAR OF WHALLEY. 
 
 THE THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED. 
 WITH ADDITIONAL ENGRAVINGS. 
 
 " ANTIQUITIES, OR REMNANTS OF HISTORY, ARE ' TANQUAM TABULA NAUFRAGII,' WHEN INDUSTRIOUS PERSONS, 
 BY AN EXACT AND SCRUPULOUS DILIGENCE AND OBSERVATION, OUT OF MONUMENTS, NAMES, WORDS, PRO- 
 VERBS, TRADITIONS, PRIVATE RECORDS AND EVIDENCES, FRAGMENTS OF STORIES, PASSAGES OF BOOKS THAT 
 CONCERN NOT STORY, AND THE LIKE, DO SAVE AND RECOVER SOMEWHAT FROM THE DELUGE OF TIME. 
 IN THESE KINDS OF IMPERFECT HISTORIES I DO ASSIGN NO DEFICIENCE, FOR THEY ARE 'TANQUAM IMPERFECTE 
 MISTA,' AND THEREFORE ANY DEFICIENCE IN THEM IS BUT THEIR NATURE.' 
 
 Lord Bacon, Advanc. of Learning, 6. ^. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED BY AND FOR NICHOLS, SON, AND BENTLEY, RED LION PASSAGE, FLEET-STREET; 
 AND THOMAS EDWARDS, BOOKSELLER, HALIFAX. 
 
 1818.
 
 
 TO 
 
 THE MOST REVEREND 
 
 CHARLES, LORD ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY, 
 
 PRIMATE OF ALL ENGLAND, AND METROPOLITAN, 
 
 THIS WORK IS INSCRIBED, 
 
 BY HIS GRACES MOST OBLIGED 
 
 AND DEVOTED SERVANT, 
 
 THE AUTHOR.
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 In this Volume the Author of the History of Whalley presents his first Work, for the last time, 
 to a judicious Public. 
 
 As the production of a young and zealous Antiquary, prone, from local attachment, to 
 ascribe to some objects a degree of importance to which they were not entitled, he is fully aware 
 of the imperfections with which it once abounded, and has never been inattentive to the admo- 
 nitions which he has received on the subject, with wliatever temper, or in whatever style, they 
 may have been expressed. 
 
 Nineteen years, however, which have elapsed since the first publication, might perhaps 
 have converted enthusiasm into indifference, had not the bounty of a great Prelate placed the 
 Writer in a situation, which, as it closely connected him with the principal subject of the 
 Work, not only endeared to him that and the whole parish beyond the feelings of local attach- 
 ment and early zeal, "but presented to him many opportunities of information which he had not 
 before enjoyed. 
 
 At the same time unremitted inquiry into other topographical subjects incidentally threw in 
 his way numerous particulars relating to the Parish of Whalley, of which he has in no instance 
 neglected to avail himself. 
 
 Many mistakes which had been discovered in the former edition have in consequence been 
 rectified, many facts which were there hypothetically stated have been reduced to certainty, 
 and an ample fund of original matter has been introduced. 
 
 Conscious, therefore, that nothing on the subject but a few gleanings could possibly remain 
 for future investigation to supply, he was on the point of ushering into the world, with unmixed 
 satisfaction, discoveries connected with that ancient Church and delightful Residence, where, 
 for the last eight years, in society endeared to him by every tie of nature and affection, he had 
 passed so many happy and edifying days. 
 
 But the light and sunshine of the scene are now overcast by a gloom never to be dispelled. 
 His constant companion in public duties and private society, the Son, the Pupil, and the Friend, 
 has been snatched away by a momentary and awful stroke, while in the possession of every 
 domestic comfort, and in the exercise of every domestic virtue ; and henceforward a place once 
 so dear, can only serve to revive the painful recollection of past happiness too great to continue, 
 and embitter sensations of present dereliction, too deep to be eflfaced. 
 
 Yet all feelings are not absorbed in one, however intense or abiding ; and it is even now, 
 with lively and affectionate regard, that this Volume, the memorial of a connexion which he 
 rejoices in transmitting to posterity, is bequeathed as a legacy to the Parishioners of Whalley, 
 by their Minister and Friend. 
 
 February 26, 1818.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 Chap. I. IiUrorluclory 1 
 
 Chap. II. Roman History 11 
 
 Chap. HI. Memorials of the Parisii during the Saxon Mra, 33 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 Chap. I. Ecclesiastical History 4S 
 
 Chap. II. Hi>.tory of Whalley Abbey 61 
 
 Chap. III. Parish Church and Vicarage of Whalley 143 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 Chap. I. Origin, Progress, and Ramifications of Property 16-^ 
 
 Chap. II. Lords of the Honor of Clitheroe 1*5 
 
 Chap. III. Castle of Clitheroe, and Chapel of St. Michael in Castro 184 
 
 Chap. IV. Honor of Clitheroe, with the Forest and other Demesnes 187 
 
 «t 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 Chap. I. Topographical Survey of the present Parish of Whalley, by Townships '242 
 
 Little Mitton, Henthorn, and Coldcoats 'ib'6 
 
 Pendleton 958 
 
 Wiswall 259 
 
 Read ^ 262 
 
 Simonstone 265 
 
 Padiham 267 
 
 Hapton 271 
 
 Chap II. Portions of the Parish lying between Pendle and Ribble 2/8 
 
 Clitheroe 279 
 
 Merlay Magna 290 
 
 Mcrlay Parva 292 
 
 Wor.'ton and Chatburn 294 
 
 Downham and Twiston 296
 
 CONTENTS. vii 
 
 Chap. III. The Parochial Chapelry of Burnley 3?1 
 
 Habryngham Evez 336 
 
 Townley cum Brunshaw 340 
 
 Cliviger 345 
 
 Of the Geology of Cliviger 367 
 
 Briercliffe . . 37-^ 
 
 Extwisle 377 
 
 Worsthorn 380 
 
 The Parochial Chapelry of Colne 385 
 
 Foulridge 398 
 
 Great and Little Marsden 398 
 
 Chap. TV. Portions of the Parish lying between the Caldei' and the Hyndburne 401 
 
 Alchara ib. 
 
 Clayton-les-Moores 406" 
 
 Dunkenhalgh 407 
 
 Huncote 409 
 
 Accrington Vetus ib. 
 
 Osvvaldtwisle 411 
 
 Church 415 
 
 Haslingden *116 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 Parishes severed from Wlialley before and since the Conquest. 
 
 Chap. 1. Parish of BlaLkburn 420 
 
 Chap. II. Parish of Rochdale 436 
 
 (HAP. III. Portion of the original Parish of Whalley anciently within Amunderncss. 
 
 Ribchester 461 
 
 Chipping 465 
 
 Portions df the original Parish within Bouland. 
 
 Mitton Magna 466 
 
 Slavdburn -174 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 Chap. 1. Biographical Memoirs 479 
 
 CuAP. II. Dissertation on the Origin and Progress of Domestic .Architecture, &c 499 
 
 Appendix. Population 1801 and 1811 -^09, 510 
 
 Addenda 511 
 
 Corrigenda 5»8 
 
 Account of the Parish of CAR I MELL 553 
 
 I ndex 563
 
 VI 11 
 
 LIST OF PLATES. 
 
 *^^.* Those marked with * are 
 
 * Portrait of t\w Author To face the Title. 
 
 Map (if the Parish of \\ liallcy Page 1 
 
 Konian Antiquities (Plates 1. ami II.) 28 
 
 Crosses, &c. (Plate IV.) 50 
 
 Remains of Wlialicy Abbey (Plate VI.) 61 
 
 Cloisteis of Wlialley Abbey (PI ite Vll ) 80 
 
 Plan of Whalley Abbey (Plate I.X.) 110 
 
 Keniains of Wliailey Abbey (Plate Vlil.) Ill 
 
 Seals of Whalley Abbey (Plate III.) 143 
 
 Seals of Lorsls of Blackburnsliirc (Plate X.) 17S 
 
 Clithcroe, fioiTi Eadsford Bridge (Plate XI.) 181 
 
 WhitewoU, and the Keeper's Lodge in the Fisrcst of 
 
 JJovvland 235 
 
 «Whitevvell Chapel 936 
 
 Biowsholme f (Plate XII.) 23/ 
 
 * .Another View t6. 
 
 ♦Interior of Brovvsholnie Hall 238 
 
 Portrait of Ed-.vard P.uker, &c ib. 
 
 ■" Interior of \\ lialliy Church 247 
 
 I.':'.!! of Little Mittiin 2.'6 
 
 Portrait of .Sir Richard Ccauniont, Bart ih. 
 
 of SirThonias Beaumont, at Cusworth .... ib. 
 
 of Sir Tliouias Beaumont, at Whitley Hall ib. 
 
 —— Sarah, daughter of Sir Thomas Beaumont ib. 
 
 Read Halt 263 
 
 Additions in the present Edition. 
 
 Huntroyd 266 
 
 * Bay Window in Little Merlay Hall 293 
 
 Gawthorp 333 
 
 Townley (Plate V.) 340 
 
 Townley Hall and Park 341 
 
 * Holme ; 353 
 
 Hall of Kadcliffe Tower 413 
 
 * Chamber in Samlesbury Hall 431 
 
 Stonyhurst 464 
 
 Sherburne Chapel 467 
 
 * Waddington Hall 473 
 
 * Waddington Parsonage 16. 
 
 * Portrait of Dr. Alexander Nowell 4S0 
 
 * Autographs of John Townley, Esq.; Bp. Jewell; 
 
 Dr. A. Nowell, Dean of St. Paul's; Dr. Lau- 
 rence Nowell, Dean of Lichfield ; and Dr. Wil- 
 liam Whitaker ib. 
 
 * His Monument in Old St. Paul's 482 
 
 * Remains of his Bust 16. 
 
 * Portrait of Charles Townley, Esq 484 
 
 * Portrait of John Townley, Esq.§ 488 
 
 * Portrait of Dr. William W hitaker 493 
 
 * North East View of Cartmell Church 555 
 
 * The Choir of Cartmell Church 16. 
 
 ^Monument of the HarringtonFamily in Cartmell Church 556 
 
 *^* The Binder is desired to place the Plates agreeably to the above Directions, many of them being paged erroneously 
 accordiuiT to the arranjrcment of the Plates in the first Edition of this Work. 
 
 LARGE PEDIGREES. 
 
 Parker of Brow.-holinc 239 
 
 A.^shelon Family 244 
 
 Whalley, Gardiner, Smythc 252 
 
 Nrnvell of Read 264 
 
 Radclytfe of Todmorden and Merlay 292 
 
 Towneley of Towneley 344 
 
 Ornierod 364 
 
 De Radeclive 414 
 
 •f- Iti the Oi'diration of this Pl.*tf, for rotis^ read vot'uque. 
 
 X " In the \*it w of Holme, the tree jnevinir over t'le mi-Idle of the house is a Tar^e vcw, ivhich is re^ranled .1^ the n.itaiilial tree of the 
 C;imhri'fge Piofes.or ; having by tiaditiun and by nice iiispeiMion of the concciHric circle.* «hiere a vast branch \»as bioke» off some years 
 ago, been traced with great |>robability to the year of his birth, 15+7. The aniit are, l'n>t (on the riijht) the shield of Mr. Riubard Nonell, 
 the kind dnnor of the I'laii-, impaling Coli im of Cobam in Devonshire, Mr». Nuwell's fj'her, the Archdeacon of Wilts, being owner of Ibe 
 paternal estate there. The other is Dr. Whltaker's shield, itniialinjr 'I'horeshy, Mrs. Whitaker being a descendant of that ancient family, 
 from an uncle of Ralph Tlvorcsby, the antitjiiary of Leeds,*' — Chukton's T.i'e of N'owei.l, p. 441. 
 
 § '* I'his I'.>itrail of Mr. Towneley, pro;;eniior of Ch.iiles Towneley, l'->q. the I.ite ceiehiatKl co!iec!or of the Towneley Museum, is copied, 
 by (avonr of Perejirine Towneley. 1'.$^. the present proprietor of Towneley, fiom a very eniioiis family pamtiiii; in his possession on board, 
 very perfeei, c<iit:imiirp: sixteen (t^inres, all kneeling, tlw f.ither witb seven sons in order of primogeniture, bcbiiul him ; the mother, with 
 us many dau!;hters, in the same situation. Betiveeu the parents is a double de>k, antl a crucifix above. On a book upon the desk, before 
 the fattier (as in ilie en(tiavina) ar.^ the words 'FIAT vou'ntas tua ;' before the mother, ' ut in ccEio ita in TEnnis.' Above the crucifix, 
 • viRTUTK DECLT. NoN HANot'iNF, NiTi.* From the hack ol the youngest son and tlaughter spring two vines, enihlenis of fruitfoltiess, which 
 mantle over the hea-ls of the lignres ; that mi ihe linht lailcn wih black grapes, that on the left witb white. From the branches on the right 
 depend Ihe sliiehK ol the I'.. win leys, «iih their various empalements ; from those on the left the shielils of the W imiiishcs, until the two stems 
 unite in Sir Kiebaril Towneley antl Fr.inces Wimhish, iiud t.nninate in John Towneley and Mary Towneley (dauslner and sole heiress of Sir 
 K.;chatd), wl^o, in i lie language of then monnment d iii.ciipti'in, * iiniied and preserved the f.imily.' Mr. Towoeiey was interred in the family 
 chapel, on the north side of the clio'r of Hnrneley Church, on the 1st of March, 1607; probably, therefore, at ihe advanced age of fourscore. 
 Till* interebaige ol kind olfici-s, anfl fretpient instances of trust reposed in liini by the Nowells, may be legartled as so many instances of 
 fraternal affidion and nnsuspecleil iuleprity ; while ihe aUitnde ami aecompanimenis with which he chose to lie handetl down to poslciity, in 
 tfais fatndy gfiup, shew ' Mow linn his sacred, though mistaken zeal.' ' — Ciiuhto.n's Life of Nowi;ll, p. '2Si, 
 
 Kj- Eiraium.— r. S.iO', !. Hi, for CHRISTIANO, read til lilSTIANA.
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 . i\M(^NG the native tribes of Britain, the Brigantes were the most numerous and powerful : 
 they stretched from sea to sea in one direction, from the shore of Humber to that of Tine, 
 and from the sestuarv of Mersey to that of Eden, on the other. But, within these ample con- 
 fines were comprehended other inferior clans, of whom one, denominated by Ptolemy the 
 Setantii, or rather the Segantii *, are placed by that geographer in the mountainous tract 
 usually termed the British Apennhie, which divides the island in a longitudinal ridge, and 
 from which the rivers fall, in a long and gentle course, to the German Ocean, but with a 
 short and precipitate descent to the Irish Sea. Their other boundaries may be conjectured to 
 have been the bay of Moricambe to the North, and the copious sestuary of the Mersey to the 
 South. Thus situated, on an elevated level, along the sources of numerous brooks and of 
 some considerable rivers, their name may be referred to the great characteristic feature of their 
 country, Se cond ui^ — the Head of the Waters :};. — Out of this wild and dreary tract, and 
 contiguous only to its eastern boundary, arose in much later times that district, ecclesiastical 
 and civil, which I have undertaken to describe. It comprehends, within the original boun- 
 daries of the Saxon parish of Whalley, the present extensive vicarage of that name, together 
 with those of Rochdale and Blackburn, the rectory of Slaydburn, the vicarages of Mitton, 
 Chipping, and Ribchester, with their several dependencies §. The features of the country are 
 
 * This is the reading of the Palatine MS. The anonymous Raveanas calls them Sistuntiaci, more probably Segun- 
 tiaci. Vid. Baxter in voce. 
 
 f See again the excellent Biilish Etymologist Baxter in voce. 
 
 X Richard of Cirencester lias thought proper to make us a present of the Voluntii, an Irish tribe, whom, as they 
 have no legal claim upon us, ne will take leave to remove to their original place of settlement. Stukeley's edition of 
 Ric. Corincnsis. 
 
 § .Status de Blackburnshire. 
 
 B uniform,
 
 2 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. I. 
 
 uniform, and rarely striking: never expanding into spacious plains, and never soaring into bold 
 and majestic mountains, they swell into a tiresome succession of long and dreary ridges, some- 
 times, indeed, intersected by the pleasing scenery of deep and woody valleys, but often sepa- 
 rated by tame and unbroken slopes, brown and cheerless, from which the wearied eye flies alike 
 for refreshment to the bolder features of nature, and to the lively hues of cultivation. 
 
 One charming accompaniment of mountain scenery has been denied to the valleys of our 
 Apennine — for we have no lakes or considerable pools, which in fact rarely appear but in 
 countries where the hills are bolder and more precipitous, where they tower into bulky cones, 
 or are broken into sharp and serrated ridges. Thus the Fells of Furness, of Westmoreland 
 and Cumberland, to the North, no sooner assume either of these striking forms, than their 
 feet begin to be washed in the cool and translucent eatherings of their own torrents — and thus 
 the soft and swelling hills of Denbighshire to the South, have no other accompaniment of water 
 than their own descending streams, while the n^ked cliffs of Snoivdoma, often sharpened into 
 ridges without a surface, are reflected on every side by the expanse of Llyns and pools to which 
 Nature has denied an immediate outlet. 
 
 The reason of a fact so general that I recollect only two or three exceptions to it, seems to 
 be this — that, in countries truly alpine, vast masses of rock are often pitched across the valleys, 
 and thus become dams and ramparts which no force of torrents, or weight of congregated 
 waters, can ever move; while the fells above, composed of slate, or quartz, transmit their 
 streams charged with few or no earthy particles to choke the pools beneath by gradual accu- 
 mulation, whereas the loose and ill-compacted banks casually thrown athwart our spongy 
 bottoms still appear in many instances to have been broken by the first pressure of floods*, or 
 the hollows above them to have been filled by gradual deposits of earth and rubbish, which 
 every little swell brings down in vast quantities, from the sides of mountains conniosed of clay, 
 schistus, or other loose materials. 
 
 A decomposition also of these, or other minerals, almost all akin to coal or iron, forms the 
 basis of our vegetable mould ; and thus, as every species of native soil is attended with a conco- 
 mitant train of indigenous plants, while the granite of bolder fells is clad with the glowing 
 purple of heath, and the mamillary swells of limestone are enlivened by the cheerful green of 
 their native grasses — the long and barn-like ridges of these hills are thatched with an unin- 
 teresting covering of pale and meagre bent'|-. 
 
 Neither is the climate of this tract much more favourable than its general aspect — pre- 
 senting the broad and bulky masses of its hills to those copious exhalations which, rising in the 
 Irish Sea, or even in the Atlantic, are driven by the continual prevalence of western winds 
 against their sides, its summers are too often ungenial, its autumns lost in fogs, its grain damp 
 and musty, its fruits crude and unmellowed. 
 
 In a state of nature, however, another cause, which is now at least partially done away, 
 contributed to augment the evil. Our vales, which are now drained by the hand of cultivation, 
 were then steaming and unwholesome swamps ; and our mountains, which even yet condense 
 
 * It is an ingenious and probable conjecture of Mr. Mitfonl, that tbe deluges of Ogyges and Deucalion were occa- 
 sioned by the bursting of lakes in the vales of Thessaly and Bocotia, while the crust of the earth was yet tender and 
 unsettled, after the general deluge. History of Greece. 
 
 t The Agrostis Capillaris. 
 
 immense
 
 Book I.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 3 
 
 immense quantities of vapour by their chilling contact, then attracted, in a much larger pro- 
 portion, the humidity of the atmosphere, by the projection of their native woods, which at 
 the same time checked the wholesome influence of evaporation by their impenetrable umbrage. 
 
 This was the character given by the historian to the climate of Britain in general ; but it 
 applies with peculiar propriety to our Apennines — i^ s\iov rr^g ava.'^uixta.a-swg xai zsayjjTr^Tac 
 6 xa.T £xe(V7;y rr^v yr/j ar,6 ^o^pcoorg dsi (paiverat *. 
 
 In this state, however, peopled by the wild boar and the wolf, and by their natural prey, 
 the moose deer, the stag, the wild bull, these wastes were traversed, rather than occupied, by 
 their first human inhabitants ; and these were probably not only few in numbers, but inferior 
 to their southern neighbours in arts and civilization — hence it is that they have left, in a tract 
 of great extent, only one remain -j- of those gigantic fortifications which, under all the disad- 
 vantages of mechanical inexpertness, mark the toil and perseverance of savages — that they have 
 left few specimens of their skill in working metals, or of their art in shaping instruments of 
 stone — that they have erected none of those circular monuments, or rude columnar shafts, or 
 well-poised rocking stones, which antiquarian uncertainty has agreed to term Druidical ^. 
 
 But of their flexible and expressive language, they have left many striking remains in the 
 names of permanent objects, such as rivers and mountains. These may best be considered if 
 we first divide the whole district into those great portions which the hand of Nature has marked 
 out, and which have materially affected its civil and ecclesiastical distribution in later times. 
 
 In this survey, it is not intended to pursue the boundaries of parishes with the servile 
 accuracy of a perambulation ; but with a freer and bolder hand to trace those great original 
 objects which Providence seems to have interposed as dykes and ramparts, for the purpose of 
 ascertaining the claims, or of restraining the hostility, of neighbouring and contending tribes, 
 in after-ages '^. 
 
 If we take, therefore, an extended view of the whole tract which is intended, either briefly 
 or in detail, to constitute the subject of this work, it will appear to have been thus originally 
 distributed into nine difl'erent portions, of which some are principally defined by the course of 
 rivers ; but the greater part are deep and winding excavations, bounded by the long and irre- 
 gular outline of the surrounding hills, and all are strongly marked by natural features on every 
 side, excepting the eastern boundary of Bowland, the western extremity of the parishes of 
 Chipping and Ribchester, and the south-western limit of the parish of Rochdale, in all which 
 the original parish declines towards the adjoining plains, and partakes of their tamer and less 
 definite character. 
 
 * Hei-odian, lib. iii. cap. 47- So also Tacitus, " coelum citbiis imbiibu-> ac nebulis foedurn." And again, " multus 
 humor terrarum coelique." 
 
 t Vide ROSSENDALE. 
 
 J In the contiguous ])aiish of Halifax, Mr Watson, the historian of that place, has founder fencied several of 
 these remains ; but since the publication of his book, a very considerable discovery was made, an account of which 
 may be allowed to sujiplv the deficiency of similar information in our own parish. A countryman digging peat upon 
 Mixemlen iNloor, turned u\> the following instruments : 1st. A veiy fine celt of brass, but so white as to appear to have 
 been alloyed by tin ; 2(1. A small battle-axe of beautiful green pebble, veined with white ; 3d. An instrument of grey 
 stone, resembling; a carpenter's gouge, and probably inte:,ded for the purpose of excavating wo id ; 4th. A whetstone 
 of a black basaltic appearance; ."ith. Four arrow-heads of flint. These are now in my possession. 
 
 § " Mutuo metu et moniibus sejiarantur." Tacitus de mor. Germ. 
 
 This
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book 1. — Chap. I. 
 
 This general survey will assist the reader in forming a distinct conception of the natural 
 characters of the country. It will bring together in one view, such relics of the British lan- 
 guage as still subsist in the names of our rivers and mountains, and it will shew what influence 
 the hand of Nature has had upon the subsequent arrangements of civil society. 
 
 > 
 
 NATURAL DISTRICTS. 
 
 First, of these natural districts to- 
 the North, is the tract inter- 
 posed between the Ribble, the 
 Hodder, and the fells of Tot- 
 teredge, Trough Scar, Good 
 Grave, Ravish Castle, and Bow- 
 land Knots. The eastern boun- 
 dary not strongly marked. 
 
 Secondly, the tract bounded by"j 
 Ribble, Hodder, and Fairsnape I 
 Fell. The boundary towards y 
 the Filde country not strongly 
 defined. J 
 
 Third, the tract lying betwixt Pen- 
 die and Ribble. 
 
 BRITISH NAMES. 
 
 } 
 
 Fourth, the great excavation be- "l 
 tween Pendle, Pinhow, Buls- I 
 werd *, Hameldon, Cliviger y 
 Pike, and Hameldon in Hap 
 ton. 
 
 Fifth, the country lying betwixt" 
 Hameldon, Criddon, Musbury, 
 and the rivers Calder and Hyn- 
 deburne. 
 
 Sixth, the tract bounded by Ribble, 
 Derwent, and Hyndeburne. 
 
 } 
 
 Seventh, Country bounded by % 
 Cliviger Moor, Hameldon, Crid- [^ 
 don, Musbury, Copelaw, Gor- I 
 
 sithlache. 
 
 Ribble, 
 Hodder. 
 
 As before. 
 
 Pendle. 
 Cliderhow. 
 
 Pinhow. 
 Hameldon. 
 Calder. 
 Colne. 
 
 Criddon. 
 
 Derwent. 
 
 Rossendale. 
 
 MODERN DISTRIBUTION, 
 CIVIL AND ECCLESIASTICAL. 
 
 {Forest and country of Bowland. 
 Parishes of Mitton and Sladeburn. 
 
 f Parishes of Chipping and Rib- 
 I. Chester. 
 
 fChapelries of Cliderhow and 
 \ Downham. 
 
 rWhalley, with its immediately 
 I dependent townships, the cha- 
 -{ pelries of Burnle\' and Colne, 
 I and the forests of Pendle and 
 L Travvden. 
 
 r Chapelries of Church, Altham, 
 1 Accrington, Haslingden. 
 
 Parish of Blackburn. 
 
 Forest of Rossendale. 
 
 * The orthography of these names is principally that of ant lent charters, often very different from the modern. 
 
 Eighth,
 
 Book I. — Chap. I.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 NATURAL DISTRICTS. 
 
 Eighth, the vaUies of Koch and" 
 Spodden, with their several ac- 
 tivities, to Gorsithlache, Flour- 
 scar, Blackstonedge, and the hills 
 of Butterworth. The S.W. boun- 
 dary not strongly marked. 
 
 Ninth, the tract bounded by- 
 Blackstonedge, Stanedge, Good- 
 greave, Walstonedge, &c. ter- 
 minating the original parish of 
 Whalley to the South on the 
 confines of Cheshire^ and the 
 Peak of Derby *. 
 
 BRITISH NAMES. 
 
 > 
 
 Roch, 
 Biel. 
 
 { 
 
 MODERN DISTRIBUTION, 
 CIVIL AND ECCLESIASTICAL. 
 
 Parish of Rochdale within Lan- 
 cashire. 
 
 y 
 
 Withins, 
 
 Diggles, 
 
 Chaw, 
 
 Tame. 
 
 f Saddlevvorth, a member of the 
 same parish, but in Yorkshire. 
 
 { 
 
 First, and most celebrated in this catalogue of British names, is the Ribble, which by the 
 general consent of our antiquaries has been understood to be the Belisama of Ptolemy. And 
 this hypothesis is supported, by the resemblance and the etymology of the two words, as well 
 as by the bearings and distances laid down by that geographer. A late antiquary -|-, however, 
 of great talents and learning, having a favourite hypothesis to support, has thought proper to 
 transfer Belisama to the Mersey, and to leave the more distinguished river nameless and 
 unnoticed. In order to understand the grounds of this controversy, it will, in the first place, 
 be necessary to state and to explain Ptolemy's chart of the British coast from the Seteia to the 
 Morkamhe. 
 
 Moricambe JEstuarium 
 
 17 
 
 30 
 
 Segantiorum Partus 
 
 17 
 
 29 
 
 Belisama jEstuarium 
 
 17 
 
 30 
 
 Seteia jEstuarium 
 
 17 
 
 — 
 
 58 
 
 20 
 
 57 
 
 45 
 
 57 
 
 20 
 
 57 
 
 
 Moricambe (the great curvature) and Seteia are here given quantities, one of which is 
 allowed to be the deep and spacious bay formed by the aestuaries of Ken and Leven, and the 
 other is as plainly the Dee ;}:. But, in the interval between these are three principal rivers, the 
 Lune, the Ribble, and the Mersey, of which two only are noticed by the geographer. Now, 
 prior to all reasoning upon the chart itself, there is an antecedent probability, that, as Ptolemy 
 is known to have taken his accounts of our British coasts from the observations of mariners, 
 those aestuaries which had no celebrated ports upon them, would be omitted in those observa- 
 tions. But the Mersey was exactly in this predicament, whereas the Ribble and Lune had 
 considerable harbours and stations upon their banks, which would of course be resorted to by 
 sailors, and therefore noted in their charts. 
 
 * Totthigton is not included in this survey, because, though a member of the honor of Clitheroe, it forms no part 
 of the original parish of Whalley. 
 
 t Mr. Whitaker, Hist. Mane. B. 1. C. 5. 
 
 i Se is the British prefix, or praepositi\ e article ; and Tela is the tnie Welsh pronunciation of Deia, or Deva. 
 
 However,
 
 6 HISTORY OF WHALLEY, [Book I— Chap. I. 
 
 However, in order to do justice to Mr. Whitaker's argument in support of his position 
 that BeUsama is the Mersey, we will state it in his own words * : " From the Seteia, advancing 
 " 20 miles to the North, Ptolemy goes 30 to the East — to the aestuary Beliaania. This is 
 " planily the Mersey, because BeUsama is at the distance of the Mersey, and because such a 
 " considerable object as the Mersey could not be overlooked any more than the Dee. And 
 " thus far we are certain of the conclusions! . . . But the geographer, ranging along the coast for 
 " 25 miles from the Mersey, turns with the turning shore, and goes ten miles to the West, to 
 " the harbour of the Sistuntii. This sufficiently argues the harbour not to be at the mouth of 
 " the Mersey, and this equally argues it not to be at the mouth of the Lune. Twenty-five 
 " miles to the' North of the Mersey can carry us only to one place convenient for an harbour — 
 " the mouth of the Kibble." 
 
 Let us now examine this representation distinctly and by parts: First, then, " So consi- 
 " derable an object as the Mersey could not be overlooked." But one considerable river betwixt 
 the Seteia and Moricamhe is actually overlooked by Ptolemy ; and I have already assigned a 
 reason why the Mersey should be overlooked rather than the Ribble. Secondly, we are told, 
 that " advancing twenty miles to the North, and turning thirty miles East from the mouth of 
 ** Dee, we shall find ourselves at the mouth of the Mersey." Let the reader cast his eye on 
 a common map of Lancashire and Cheshire, and say whether the mouth of Mersey is even 
 ten miles North and five miles East from that of Dee. But if we stretch from the mouth of 
 Dee twenty miles northward, according to the geographer's directions, we shall find ourselves 
 out at sea indeed, but in a latitude exactly corresponding with the mouth of Ribble, and 
 turning thence at a right angle to the East for thirty miles, we shall stretch a little further 
 inward than Mr. Whitaker's supposed station (which however was certainly not the Setan- 
 tiuriim Portus) near the Neb of the Nese. Again, the geographer ranges indeed twenty-five 
 miles to the North, but only one to the West, if the figures in Bertius's Ptolemy be right. 
 Supposing ourselves therefore to be stationed on the aestuary near Freckleton, we are south- 
 ward from Lancaster about 21 English, or 25 of Ptolemy's miles : and westward about two 
 English miles — so clearly do the geographer's data lead us to seek for BeUsama in the Ribble 
 and the Setantiorum Portus in Lancaster. But Mr. Whitaker had an unfortunate theory to 
 support: he had implicitly addicted himself to the dreams of a monk before whose unsupported 
 conjectures the contemporary-}- and decisive authorities of Antonine and Ptolemy were equally 
 to give way — for him the Cocclum of the one was to be removed to Blackrode, and the Rlgo- 
 dunum of the other to be merged in his misplaced Rerigoniumj^; and to give some appearance 
 of consistency to this strange hypothesis, the Setantiorum Portus was to be removed to the 
 mouth of Ribble, that celebrated stream left without a name, and BeUsama, which is obviously 
 represented in the modern word, violently transferred to the Mersey § ; while Ptolemy's bear- 
 
 * Hist. Mane. B. 1. C. 5. 
 
 t Not with each other ; for Ptolemy flourished under the first Antonines, and the compiler of the ltiner?.ry wa-s 
 probably Antoninus Caracalla — but contemporary with the actual existence of the two names in question, and tlu-re- 
 fore original authorities. 
 
 X Sec till- next chapter. 
 
 § The word Mersey is evidently neither British nor Roman, but pure Saxon, which powerfully argues the obscurity of the 
 river so denominated in the Roman ;era. If we adopt the hypothesis that it was, at tl\c time when it received its appellation, 
 the boundary of the Mercian and Northumbiian Kingdoms, its etymology will plainly be GDepj-c-ea, the Mercian M'ater; if 
 
 other-
 
 Book I.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 7 
 
 ings and distances unanimously concurred in supporting the truth of the old hypothesis, and 
 in demonstrating the impossibility of the new one. 
 
 After having established the real site of Betisama, we are next to ascertain the etymology 
 of the word, and to prove its identity with the modern Ribble*. Bel is am, or in the plural 
 anio», in the British language signifies Head of the Waters, an appellation peculiarly adapted 
 to the Ribble, which unites, and carries down with it to the sea, numbers of tributary streams. 
 Again, in the same language, Khiu bet, from which the present name is obviously form d, has 
 exactly the same meaning, namely, the Head River. Of the word Am, as it occurs in the 
 composition of this word, we shall have frequent occasion to make use hereafter, and it may 
 therefore be worth while to remark the various forms in which it appears in the composition of 
 the names of rivers, f^ and .1/ are convertible in the British language. We have, therefore, 
 the same radical in the twofold form of Av and J?n; and, with the prepositive letters, Tarn and 
 Sam — Tav and Sav ; from whence come the Avon, the Thames, the Tay, the Towy ; and in 
 our own country the Tame, the Chaw, the Savok-}-. 
 
 This beautiful stream intersecting in its sinuous course the whole county of Lancaster, 
 receives near Mitton the Hodder, which coming down from Cross of Crete, for several of the 
 last miles, forms the boundary of Yorkshire and Lancashire, as it must originally have done 
 between two British tribes, the word Odre in that language signifying a limit or bound ;}:. 
 
 Our next great natural object, indeed the most distinguished and well-known feature of the 
 whole district, is Pendle, which, though it wants the bold conical form of its northern rivals 
 Penigent and Ingleborough, and is, in fact, nothing more than a longitudinal ridge like its 
 immediate neighbours, yet from its superior height and bulk, as well as insulated situation, 
 presents on every side, and especially on the North, a bold and striking figure. Of this word 
 the first syllable is pure British, and enters into the composition of many Celtic names — the 
 PENnine Alps, APENiiines, &c. Ben, in the Gaelic dialect, with the slight difference in 
 the two labials which marks the distinction between the pronunciation of South Britain and 
 Caledonia, is the same word. The composition of the modern word is an instance of which 
 several others will occur in the coarse of this work, in which a name once significant, but 
 become unintelligible by change of language, has had an explanatory syllable attached to it: 
 thus the British Pen, or Head, became in the Saxon sra Penhull; and this continued to be 
 
 otherwise, CV:e)ie)--ea will sufficiently describe a River, which through the intervention of the Dane, theFulbrook, and the 
 VVever, is fed by nearly twenty large Meres, in the county of Chester. After all, it is a bold conjecture, but strongly 
 supported by natural appearances, that the Msluary of Mersey did not exist in the Roman peiiod, but that its waters, 
 after passing the promontoiy of Frodsham, expanded over the flat and sandy tract of Wirral, and found an uncertain 
 and irregular outlet into the Dee. The word is not even mentioned in the Saxon Chronicle, but is, perhaps, first met 
 with in the " Terra inter Ripam" (Ribble), and IMersham of Domesday ; though Ric. of Cirencester assigns to Merseia 
 fl. a place in what he styles Mappa Britanniae faciei Romanae. 
 
 * " Ribil riscth in Ribilsdale abowte Sallay .Abbayc, and so to Sawlley. Ann miles beneth Savvley it reseyvith Calder 
 " that cummith by Walley, and after recey^ith a nother water cawlid Oder-WauUey a x miles from Preston-Sawlley a 
 " . . . . miles or more." Lei. v. IV. p. 84. Blackburnshire. 
 
 t Sarok, qu. Is av uch, the High Stream, as it has its source in Longridge. To these may be added two genuine 
 British names of brooks injuriously omitted in modern maps, Short Taud and Dartow Small two little country maids 
 (Drajton's Pol. Song 2/,) of which the former is the uncompounded radical word, and the first syllable of the latter is 
 descriptive of its ancient accompaniment, Dar-taw, the Stream of Oaks. 
 
 t Thus the RoUier is Yr Odre, the same word with a prepositive article. 
 
 the
 
 S HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. I. 
 
 the orthography of the word till long after the Conquest: afterwards, however, the second 
 syllable was melted down into the insignificant die, and required another explanatory addition, 
 altoo-ether constituting the modern Peudle Hill. Of its two rivals mentioned above, one retains 
 its o-enuine British appellation Pen y gwyn, the White Head, or Pen y givynt, the Head of 
 Winds; the latter, whatever it was, is lost in the Saxon Inglehorough *. 
 
 For Clitheroe, of which the two first syllables are apparently British, see the conjectures 
 which will be offered under that place-}-. 
 
 Next is Pinhow, an high and heathy ridge, dividing the parish of Whalley on the North 
 from those of Carlton and Kildwick. This local name is compounded on similar principles to 
 the former, of Phi, the same word, with a slight dialectic variation, and the Saxon How. 
 
 With respect to the etymology of Hameldon, which twice occurs in this circuit, I can only 
 ofTer the following conjecture, after premising that, at all events, and after repeated attempts to 
 discover something Saxon in its composition, I can only refer it to the original language of 
 Britain, Am ael don, ad siipercilium montls. 
 
 For Calder and Colne, the latter of which it must be remembered denoted the river and 
 not the town, I can acquiesce either in Baxter's etymology Calai dwr, aqua lutosa, or Mr. 
 Whitaker's Coldwr, Narrow Water, for the former ; and for the latter, Colatin, of the same 
 meaning with the word immediately preceding, seems to be the true orthography. 
 
 Criddon, a bold and lofty hill upon the confines of Rossendale, and commanding an extended 
 prospect southward over the plains of Lancashire, is pretty obviously Keiru don, the Hill of 
 Stags. It is precisely such an elevation as that animal affects during the heat of summer, 
 while the fallow deer graze on the plains or slopes beneath ; and it might continue to merit an 
 appellation acquired in the remotest ages of antiquity till within less than three centuries of 
 the present time. 
 
 Derwent, is the only remnant of the British language which has occurred to me in the 
 parish of Blackburn, a district singularly deficient in striking natural objects. Billinge, which is 
 also the name of a mountain in Airdale, and of a third in the South of Lancashire, may have indeed 
 some pretensions, but I am unable to assign any meaning to the word in our aboriginal tongue. 
 
 Derwent, however, is evidently Dwr-gwyn vr givent, the White (or clear) Water, a quality 
 in which, though superior in some degree to the Blakeburn or yellow |' stream which deno- 
 minates the parish, it has little claim to rival its beautiful namesake in Cumberland, the full, 
 deep, translucent inlet of Derwent Lake. 
 
 For Rossendale, see the etymology of the word, under the Forest of that name, where it 
 will also be proved that the Irwell has no pretensions to a British origin. 
 
 The parish of Rochdale affords nothing of a British sound excepting the Roch and the Beil. 
 
 The former of these, which is the latinized R/iceiis of Harrison'^, is in ancient charters 
 generally spelt Ruche, but sometimes, and that in the most ancient. Racked || ; and it is 
 
 * See a good account of this mountain and tlic licacon upon it, whence its present name, in Rauthmell'a Bie- 
 mrtonacae. 
 
 f I am now con\ inced that tlie word is Daiii=li, from klettur a crag ; and how, an hill. 
 
 X See the reasons which will be assigned for this etymology under Blackburn in the Appendix. 
 
 § Des(i'i))ti()n of Britain A. D. l.")77, p. G5. 
 
 II Townley MSS. 
 
 apparently
 
 Book I.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 9 
 
 apparently formed by a slight metathesis from Rhi esic, tractus aquce. The latter orthography 
 is formed by the addition of Head, the Rach-head ; and from this word was evidently derived 
 the ancient and genuine name of the town itself, Reced-ham *. 
 
 The name of Beyle or Bed is now nearly or altogether obsolete, but by this appellation 
 our old topographer Harrison describes the stream which rising from two principal sources, 
 one in the root of Coldgreave, and the other within the township of Crompton, unites near 
 Butterworth Hall, passes by Belfield to which it gives name, and falls into the Roch near 
 Wardlevvorth. This word is the simple British monosyllable Bel, or Head, and it may refer 
 to the hieh and remote sources of the rivulet which it denotes. 
 
 In the dreary and late reclaimed district of Saddleworth are more remains of the original 
 language than in those where the general use of it was early superseded by the Saxon. For 
 within the space of a few miles are three streams, which still retain their significant British 
 names: these are, the Diggles, the Tame, the Chaw. The first of these is evidently the 
 same word with the Douglas of Lower Lancashire, recorded by Nennius for one of the victories 
 of Arthur, and with the Douglas of Scotland, memorable for having given name to the most 
 illustrious family of that kingdom. And it is no less evidently compounded of Dhu-glas, 
 afro-cceruleits -}~. 
 
 Tame (vide supra) is nothing more than the general appellation av or am with one of the 
 prepositive letters. 
 
 Chaw is the same, though it may be difficult to assign a meaning or origin to the singular 
 prefix. K^g seems to approximate nearer to it than any other word, and Ktguiu would be 
 gut fur aquce. 
 
 One mountain which overlooks this dreary tract on the side of Blackstonedge is the Green 
 Withins ; opposite to which is the Withins Mouth ; and the Coucher Book of Whalley men- 
 tions a third, within the township of Whitworth, from its elevation called Hore Withins +. 
 We are not to suppose that these lofty ridges so remote from each other, so uniform in their 
 relative situation, should have received their appellation from the contemptible withy or 
 sallow, which never grew in such situations, but rather from a circumstance more general, 
 and which at an early period may be proved to have been common to them all — Gueitliiu, or 
 the W^oods. 
 
 Akin to this word are the Goodgraves, of Saddleworth, and of Bowland, two fells at the 
 distance of forty miles from each other. The common English adjective good in this con- 
 nexion is perfectly insignificant; but the real word is one which occurs much oftencr in the 
 composition of local names than we are aware of — this is, the British Coed, a Wood, which 
 is reflected in Coitmore, Cadbeeston, Chatmoss, Catlow, and many others. 
 
 The latter syllable grave is purely Saxon, from the word i^poepan ybf?e/<?, and, whether 
 singly as it sometimes occurs, or in composition as it is more frequently found, denotes one 
 
 * Tliis is the orthography of Domesday Book, and of all the charters for two centuries. See farther under 
 Rochdale. 
 
 t Drayton, who is often learned as well as accurate in his epithets, calls the former " Swart Douglas." 
 + A fourth, and that in a similar situation, has since occurred to me in Juringden. 
 
 V. of
 
 10 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. I. 
 
 of those deep and naked gullies which in the forests and on the sides of the liills we sec 
 excavated by torrents in the schistus and other minerals. But this by the bye. 
 
 Such are the remains of our aboriginal language, which may be traced in local names 
 through this widely extended district — names which, after the lapse of so many centuries, and 
 the shock of so many revolutions, still subsist, and may probably continue as long as the 
 objects which they denote. 
 
 We now hasten forward from a period of extreme barbarism, barren ahke of facts and of 
 remains, to a partial and temporary scene of activity, civilization, and elegance. 
 
 CHAPTER
 
 Book 1.— Chap. IT.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. U 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 ROMAN HISTORY. 
 
 1 HE History of Roman Britain, when connected with remote and provincial topography, has 
 an interest peculiar to itself. 
 
 To combine names and facts, which had exercised the fancy in our happiest days of clas- 
 sical study, with the obscure but romantic scenery in which those days were passed ; to confirm 
 and particularize the general evidence of ancient history by contemporary remains; to bring 
 home, for instance, the narrative of Tacitus, and the operations of Agricoia, to our own vil- 
 lages, is a process of the mind which can dignify what else were mean, or endear what were 
 indifferent. 
 
 This charm, difficult as it may be to analyze, yet appears to be composed of two prin- 
 cipal ingredients — opposition and harmony: of opposition between familiar locality and distant 
 greatness, between uncertainty of place produced by a long lapse of ages and existing remains 
 which have defied their power: — of harmony between historical trutli and local appearances, at 
 once so remote as to exercise the understanding in comparing, so clear as to produce conviction, 
 and so interesting as to fill the imagination when once compared. 
 
 For, overwhelmed, as every curious mind must be, on first visiting the ancient Mistress of 
 the World, by the vastness of the objects and by the recollections which must accompany them ; 
 yet what ingenuous native of the district which we are describing would be equally affected by 
 the image of Hadrian walking in the gardens of his own villa, or marching on foot and bare- 
 headed over the fells of Lancashire — by Constantine and Severus under their own triumphal 
 arches, or leading the long file of their legions along the crest of Watling-street — by Agricoia 
 receiving triumphal ornaments at Rome*, or choosing with judicious eye the future site of 
 Coccium ? In one situation they are expected and at home — the splendour of the place is suited 
 to the rank of its inhabitants — in the other we are astonished to find the masters of the world 
 at the distance of nearly two thousand miles, traversing districts which are now scarcely visited 
 but by a solitary sportsman or shepherd, and reposing in villages which will now scarcely 
 accommodate a single traveller. 
 
 Such are the feelings with which we enter upon the present chapter, and upon the lOth Iter 
 of Antonine, which, passing in a direction nearly North and South through the original parish 
 of Whalley for the space of more than 20 miles, will conduct us, about the middle of the line, 
 to one of the most illustrious scenes of antiquity in Roman Britain. 
 
 * Tac. Vit. Agr. c. 40. 
 
 This
 
 12 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book l— Chap. II. 
 
 This road, which has been distinctly traced by Mr. Whitaker* through the parishes of 
 Prestwich, Ratchfle, and Bury, at the northern extremity of the hist enters upon the parish of 
 Whalley, where, in a perambulation of the manor of Tottington, A.D. l6S6, I find that it 
 constituted the N. W. boundary of the lordship, which was said to extend in that direction 
 vsque le Watl'mg-streate. It then entered Musbury, crossed the top of Haslingden Grain, 
 ascended the opposite acclivity, where however no remains of it appear at present, and entered 
 upon the wide wastes of Oswaldtwisle, where, before the late inclosure, its agger was every 
 where conspicuous, as it is now at intervals, particularly in the fields near Knusden — thence 
 it disappears once more in the cultivated grounds of Little Harwood, and having gained the 
 summit of the hill, descends through the township of Clayton-le-Dale to the Roman ford above 
 Ribchester. 
 
 Of this station, the Rlgodiiman of Camden, the Cocclum of Horseley, and the Rerigo- 
 mum of Mr. Whitaker-}-, how, after the disagreement of such men shall a fourth antiquary pre- 
 sume to fix the appellation? There is however the less presumjition in this attempt, as the two 
 former opinions arc capable of being reconciled to each other, though the radical identity of 
 the names never occurred to either of those great men, but the third must stand or fall on the 
 unsupported authority of Richard the Monk, to whose frauds or errors our ingenious and learned 
 contemporary has unhappily done too much honour. 
 
 Without repeating reasons so lately adduced for restoring the Ribble to its ancient name of 
 Bellsama, I shall now assume the point as proved, at least with the degree of evidence which 
 such investigations admit of; and shall merely state, that upon this river Ptolemy places his 
 liigodunum; and upon this river also the Itinerary of Antonine, if the line of the 10th Iter and 
 
 * Hist. Mane. Vol. I. p. 121. See also Phil. Transactions, Vol. XLVII. p. 228. 
 
 t I give Mr. \\'liitaker ample credit for the dihgence of his inquiries and the accuracy of his representations, with 
 respect to the existence of a Roman road from Mancunium to Blackrod, and of the remains of a Roman fortress at 
 that place. In his conclusion, however, that this obscure place was the Cuccium of Antonine, and the liigodunum of 
 Ptolemy, I am compelled to differ from him, for the following reasons : — 1st. A continuation of the road fi-om Black- 
 rode, through the Filde to Lancaster, and thence to BremetonacK, has, since Mr. VV.'s inquiries, been distinctly traced. 
 Now, Iiad this been the 10th Iter of .\ntonine, an intermediate station, of the importance of Lancaster, could never 
 have been unnoticed. In the next place, the discovery of a milliary stone, near .Ashton, inscribed with the name of 
 the Emperor Philip, renders it highly probable that this was a diversion of the great North-Western Iter to the frontier 
 of Caledonia, made at that time for the two-fold purpose of taking Lancaster in the way to Brenietonaca;, and of 
 avoiding the rugged and difficult line from Ribchester over Longridgc, through Bowland, and by Cross of Greet, to 
 Bentham. Once more : the direct line jiursued by the road from Mancunium through Ribchester to BremetonacEe, and 
 the firm and durable manner in which it was constructed, prove it to have been one of the great and original works 
 ot the Upper Empire ; whereas, the line which leads from Manchester to Lancaster has been ascertained to consist of 
 small stones, like a modern turnpike-road, and to have been constructed in a more slight and perfunctory manner.— 
 Lastly, the indubitable remains of the Higher Empire at Ribchester, the coins of the first Caesars, the residence of tlie 
 entire twentieth legion there, ascertained by an inscription, which from internal evidence appeal's to be coeval with 
 the earliest in Britain, and the restoration of a temple decayed by time, in the reign of Alexander Severus, all concur 
 to prove that it was one of the first foundations of that people among the Brigantcs; while the superior magnificence 
 of its public works prove it to have been a place of much more importance than an ordinary provincial station. Lan- 
 caster also bears almost equal marks of antiquity and splendour in the Roman i'la ; yet, with these superior claims, 
 according to Mr. VVhitaker's hypothesis, neither Lancaster nor Ribchester is noticed in the Itinerary of Antonine, while 
 an obscure baiting-place, a mere po^t-house, of which the remains are scai-cely visible, is c.\tdted into the CoccJi/m of 
 Antonine, and the Ri^odunum of Piolcmy. 
 
 the
 
 Book L— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 13 
 
 the two o-iven stations between which it is interposed, together with the incontrovertible evidence 
 of remains *, be allowed to interpret, has fixed the station of Coccium. Yet no concurrence of 
 roads, no discovered remains, lead to the supposition that two-|~ stations or towns of eminence 
 in the age of Ptolemy or of Caracalla were planted on the banks of the Ribble. How then is 
 this apparent difficulty to be solved ? A little attention to British etymology and to the obvious 
 appearances of the place will remove every doubt. In the first place, let the name, as it stands 
 in Ptolemy, be stripped of the Roman termination dunum ; and, with a British aspirate at the 
 end, it becomes R'igoch. In the next place, cut off from the itinerary name its Roman generic 
 termination, and we have Cocliiu. G and C are convertible ; some MSS. of the Itinerary read 
 Gocchim, and the radical syllable Coch, or Goch, is the same in both. Gocli, in the British 
 language, is red — /?///«-ocA, Red River ; and Gochiii, ov Cochht, Red Water. And accordingly 
 the stone, the sand, the soil, of Ribchester, are alike distinguished by this very colour, which 
 would naturally arrest the attention of the first inhabitants, and occasion a name peculiarly sig- 
 nificant and proper. 
 
 This hypothesis, which goes far towards proving the identity of the place designed by both 
 these appellations, relieves the antiquary from an embarrassment which he has never yet been 
 able to shake off — namely, that of having a station too much — an embarrassment which has 
 driven Camden to seek for Coccium at Cockey, and Mr. Whitaker to place it at Blackrodc; 
 while, on the other hand, it has compelled Horseley, who saw with his usual sagacity the real 
 situation of Coccium, to remove Rigodunum to Warrington, as he had previously confounded 
 Belisama with the Mersey. 
 
 Of Mr. Whitaker's Rerigonium it is difficult to speak without a few previous observations on 
 the character and credit of his favourite guide, Richard of Cirencester, the monk, who, I fear, 
 has led him, with di friar s lantern^., into many devious paths, through many a bog and brake, 
 in his bold and excursive wanderings over the Sistuntian Monarchy. That the Itinerary pub- 
 lished by Dr. Stukeley, under the name of Richard of Cirencester, is really genuine, by which 
 I mean that it is the work of him whose name it bears, there seems no reason to doubt. But 
 a work may be mdubitably genuine, yet of little or no authority. And such appears to be the 
 case in the instance before us. This monk, who lived in the beginning of the fifteenth century, 
 was undoubtedly a man of curiosity and diligence, worthy of a better age. He travelled, he col- 
 lated MSS. he drew maps, and he drew conclusions ; but these conclusions unhappily, though 
 the author of them has no claim to any other regard than a modern antiquary, and in some 
 instances even less, have been erected by the zeal of his disciples. Dr. Stukeley and Mr. 
 Whitaker, into original and independent authorities. Yet he may be proved to have had 
 no ancient materials which we have not, and he wanted some Avhich we possess. The Frag- 
 menta qtuedam a Duce quudam Romano consignata appear to have been the Itinerary of 
 Antonine; the basis of his map was that of Ptolemy, whom he expressly mentions; and his 
 
 * I draw no argument from the numbers, which, upon every hypothesis, arc allowed to be comipt. 
 
 t I agree, howvver, with Mr. Whitaker, that tliere has been a Roman port about Freckleton, towards wliich tlie 
 Watling-street, as it is called, first discovered by Dr. Leigl» upon Fulhvood Moor, evidently tends. But this is entirely 
 out of the question with respect to the present Iter ; and, moreover, it has been already proved not to be tiie Setan- 
 tiurum Porhis. 
 
 X " .'»nd he by friar's lantern led." Milton's L' Allegro. 
 
 general
 
 U HISTORY OF WHALLI'Y. [Book I.— Chap. 11. 
 
 general divisions of Roman Britain were taken from the Not'itia. To have adjusted all these, 
 and to have formed an account of Roman Britain from the result, would have required a 
 judicious and faithful hand. This last the Monk had not: on the contrary, he was possessed 
 with the general spirit of his profession in the middle ages — something between bold conjecture 
 and inventive fraud. He laid out new itinera : he imagined colonies, towns invested with the 
 Jus Lata, and others merely stipendiary, long after those distinctions were abolished ; he 
 inserted some names, which, though real, were posterior to the Roman empire in Britain, and 
 some which may safely be afhrmed to have been fabricated by himself. This is not a j)lace 
 for entering further into the controversy ; otherwise, I am prepared to support all these asser- 
 tions by irrefragable proofs, having had occasion to attend particularly to the subject, when 
 engaged in another work. 
 
 We shall now be prepared to attend to the seventh Iter of Richard, with all due respect and 
 reverence, 
 
 A PORTU SISTUNTIORUM 
 Eboracum usque sic. 
 
 Rerigonio m. p. ----- - XXIII. 
 
 Ad Alpes Penninos ----- VIII. 
 
 Alicana --------X. 
 
 Isurlo ...-..-.. XVIII. 
 
 Ehoraco .._------ XVI. 
 
 Of this Iter, the three first stations alone are to be taken on the credit of the Monk ; as the 
 fourth rests on the authority of Ptolemy, and fifth and sixth on that of Antonine. 
 
 Now, that the Port us Setantiormn was upon the aestuary of Ribble*, cannot be proved 
 even to be a conclusion of the Monk. Dr. Stukeley certainly supposed him to mean the Lune; 
 and, for the road which Mr» Whitaker has so distinctly traced from the Neb of the Nese to 
 Ribchester, though I give entire credit both to the accuracy of his research and the fidelity 
 of his representation, I must beg leave to remind him, that these appearances prove nothing 
 as to any particular station, but merely that a station or port in general existed at the former 
 place. 
 
 The word Rerigon'mm is either an involuntary error of Richard for the Rigodunum of Pto- 
 lemy ; or it is a rash and arbitrary substitution, for the latter word is evidently suppressed, to 
 make way for the former. I am inclined to the second hypothesis, and for these reasons : — 
 The genuine Rerigon'mm and Sinus Rerigonius of the geographer evidently lay on the aestuary 
 of the Clyde, and upon the coast of Galloway. But the word-|- was written in some MSS. 
 Berigonium, which the Monk adopted, and very properly, in its real situation, but seems to 
 have imagined, that when written with the initial R, it denoted another place ; and, looking 
 out for something, however distantly, resembling it in sound, unhaj^pily fell upon Rigodunum, 
 which he rashly and unwarrantably displaced. To these conjectures I have only to add, that 
 
 * How could Mr. Whitaker so far forget himself and his usual accuracy, as to say that Richard calls the Mersey, 
 
 and not the Dee, Sete'ia, when the former river is denoted in his map by the modern name Meneia ? Hist. Mane. 
 
 Vol. I. p. 135. 
 
 f Vide Baxter, in voce. 
 
 the
 
 Book I.—Chap. II.] " HISTORY OF WHALLEY. li 
 
 the Monk, not aware of the identity of Cocciurn and Rigodumim, like all succeeding antiquaries, 
 has had a station upon his hands, which he chose to dispose of at random, in a situation* which 
 evidently led Mr. Whitaker-|- to seek it at Blackrod. 
 
 The names of Cocciiim and of lligodimum are now equally forgotten, and are not even faintly 
 echoed in the more recent name of this place — the Rihelcastre of Domesday and the modern 
 Hibchester. Hence it may be conjectured, that there was an interval of time, after the Romans 
 withdrew from Britain, when it ceased to be inhabited and to have a name; after which the first 
 Saxon colonists of Northumbria found it, though abandoned, yet conspicuous in decay ; and 
 from the remains of its fortifications, united with the circumstance of its site, gave it the 
 a])pellation by which it is still distinguished;}:. 
 
 This celebrated station was placed, with the peculiar judgment which marks Agricola's 
 encampments (for to him unquestionably it must be referred), on the northern bank of the 
 river, and flanked by the deep channel of a brook on the East ; corresponding to which, on the 
 West, is a large sluice or channel, to which tradition has assigned an use confirmed by many 
 nautical relics, namely, that of a dock or slip for vessels. That the tides once rose so high as 
 to waft vessels of considerable burden to the quays of Coccium, there can be little doubt; nor is 
 it necessary to resort to the violent expedient of an earthquake, in order to account for their 
 recess. A gradual aggestion of sands, aided by strong westerly winds, and not sufficiently 
 repelled by floods from the land, will abundantly account for an appearance so frequent, that 
 we have almost ceased to inquire into its causes. And that the high precipitous banks which 
 now border this valley, at a considerable distance from the stream, were once washed by the 
 tides, while the sandy plain beneath formed a broad and irregular aestuary, is also credible : but 
 the level of Ribchester^ itself, little elevated above the plain, and still more that of the Roman 
 town, which, from the appearances of floors, &c. appears to have lain from two to three feet 
 beneath the present surface, seem to indicate that even then the sea had begun to recede, and 
 that these appearances belong to an earlier period in the history of the earth. 
 
 Many of the Roman stations in Britain seem to have been little more than military posts ; 
 and, of those which also appear to have been cities or populous towns, many form the basis of 
 our modern provincial capitals. But Ribchester is an exception to this rule, as tradition and disco- 
 veries concur in proving it to have been a place of considerable magnitude and wealth, though now 
 
 * Vide Richard's map of Britain, prefixed to Dr. Stukeley's edition of his Itinerary. 
 
 t Vide Chap. 1st. 
 
 { Even at the time of the Domesday survey, among sixty-one villages in .^munderness (to which hundred Ribchester 
 then belonged) sixteen are described as inliabited only by a few persons, and the lest lay waste. 
 
 § " It flowith and ebbith in Ribyl most communely more than half way up betwixt Prcstun and Ribcester, and at 
 ragis of spring-tydes farther." — Lei. vol. IV. Part I. p. 22. 
 
 To avoid the inconvenience of disturbinir the orisrinal text of this Work, I sliall throw the additional matter, which 
 the observations of fourteen years have supplied, into the shape of Notes. I now think it impossible that Ribchester 
 should ever liave been a Port, for the following reasons : — The Roman road from that place to the Neb of the Nese, 
 proves the general level of the flat country to have been the same in the Roman aera and at present. Yet the 
 ascent of the tides to the level of Ribchester, to say nothing of the Bars of Rock, whieli must have obstructed it, 
 would at high tides have inundated the Filde, by which means the Roman road to Lancaster would also have been 
 rendered impassable. The nautical remains, such as anchors, boat-nails, &e. discovered at Ribchester, ai'e sufficiently 
 accounted for by the supposition of a manufactory in iron carried on there, and by the use of a boat for the irajectus 
 of «he Ribb^, wluch was probably moored in the ^\'estern foss of the station where it uniitd with the Ilibble. 
 
 reduced
 
 16 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Coap. II. 
 
 reduced to an inconsiderable village. It seems also to have had a large manufactory in brass, 
 which the scattered remains of various utensils and ornaments wrought in that metal, and, 
 above all, innumerable metallic fragments, resembling sweepings of shops, which are picked 
 up on the shelving bank of the Ribble, serve to evince. 
 
 It is pleasing to imagine the revolutions which seventeen centuries have produced in the 
 environs of this place ; where, after the Roman conquest, a curious observer, placed upon a 
 commanding point of Ribblesdale, might have surveyed the windings of the vale, covered per- 
 haps to the summits of the fells with native oak, birch, pine, ash, and alder : its woods pierced 
 only by the long line of Watling-streetf, or by another way from East and West: the Beli- 
 samu, a noble stream, deep and broad, agitated by tides and diversified by sails ; on its 
 northern bank the walls and towers of Coccium, surmounted by roofs of temples or cupolas of 
 baths ; within, the noise of industry and the tumult of military preparation ; and without, the 
 naked and painted forms of the SetantU, sometimes advancing with the irresistible impulse 
 of barbarous curiosity, to behold the operations of these new intruders, and then retreating, with 
 the swiftness of wild beasts, to their cabins in the woods. 
 
 From the same point, he might now contemplate the Ribble, shrunk and shallow; the 
 woods either decayed by the silent operation of natural causes, or destroyed by tasteless and 
 improvident avarice; the tower of a Christian church lifting its plain but venerable head over 
 the buried remnants of paganism ; and the once naked salt-marshes, now become firm and fer- 
 tile soil, smiling under the hand of cultivation. 
 
 It appears from the Notitia, that the mere stations which had been planted in the interior 
 of Britain, to secure the yet recent conquest of the island, were generally abandoned in the time 
 of the second Theodosius ; but Coccium, not being a military establishment only, but a flou- 
 rishing and probably a manufacturing town, appears from the barbarous style of an inscription, 
 which will be given below, to have subsisted to the latest period of the Roman power amongst 
 us. Destroyed, probably, by no violent assault, succeeded by no Saxon town, and even in the 
 reign of the Conqueror remaining in a state approaching to desolation, its firm and durable 
 walls must long have defied the ravages of time, and long have presented a noble monument of 
 Roman greatness. Something, perhaps, like the state of Silchester and Caergwent at present, 
 might have been its appearance at the last of these periods ; that is, a spacious parallelogram, 
 surrounded with vast walls of excellent masonry, strengthened with herring-bone work within, 
 and laced at intervals with courses of different dimensions, or variegated by lozenge and chequer- 
 work without. Within must have appeared the slender remains of Roman habitations in 
 their last period of decaj^; while the massy temple might still have all its columns erect and 
 vaults unbroken, its dedication legible, and even its altars upon their bases. So at this day 
 appear some of the cities of Magna Grcecia, in which the remains of private houses have 
 so nearly perished, and the religious edifices are so entire, that a traveller is inclined to ask 
 whether they were intended only for habitations of the gods. 
 
 After another interval of more than four centuries, Ribchester was visited by Leland, 
 the first person, so far as we know, who beheld it with antiquarian eyes ; and his description 
 proves the remains to have been then very conspicuous, in comparison of its present state, 
 
 * The word Watling-strett is used, throughout Ihis book, m its local and populai' sense. 
 
 in
 
 Book I. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 1» 
 
 in which even a curious and practised eye can discover no outward vestige of its former great- 
 ness, but the base of a single column, two or three half legible inscriptions, and a few unin- 
 scribed stones, wrought after Roman mouldings. — " But Ribchester," says our ancient topo- 
 grapher, " is nowe a poore thing : it hath beene auncietit towne. Great squarid stones, voultes 
 " and antique coins be found ther, and ther is a place wher that the people fable* that the Jues 
 " had a temple -|-." The edifice, we see, had now disappeared, but the name had been continued 
 
 * There is the same tradition at Leicester, and probably from the same cause, 
 
 f So faithful is tradition to the transmission of facts through a period of eleven or twelve centuries. The remains 
 of this temple have now been traced, and have led to a most curious and interesting scene of antiquities, the detail of 
 whtch is as follows : — 
 
 In the month of July, 1811, some workmen, employed to stop the encroachments of the Ribble, almost opposite 
 to the parish-church of Ribchester, at the depth of about a yard beneath the present surface, met with the foundation 
 of two parallel walls, lying nearly North and South, at the distance of about tsventy-four yards from each other, and 
 very strongly cemented. The South side appears to have been carried away by the river; that on the North remained 
 for the present unexplored. Among the rubbish were five human scuUs, and a corresponding quantity of other bones, all 
 of which had been disturbed before. At the same time and place was discovered a very curious stylus, or bodkin, of hard 
 yellow stone. Within the walls was an ordinary flagged floor : and near the South end lay the remains of a large flat 
 stone, which the workmen inad\'erteutly broke into many pieces before they discovered that the lower surface contained 
 an inscription. The fragments being carefully collected and put togelhei,, exhibit the following appearance : — 
 
 AliSLEOTAJMTiEG 
 IC 
 
 Between its defects and its contractions, this is the most difficult inscription I have ever seen. The first, however, 
 may be supplied, and the second explained, on principles scarcely to be contested. 
 
 Fust, then, the characters I S DNET CASTR SV can have no other meaning than Matris Domini nostii & Cas- 
 tromm suorum. Now the Empresses who were thus distinguished, were the elder Faustina, Julia IMoesa, Julia Mam- 
 msea, and OtaciUa, the wife of the elder Philip. For the first of these, the character of this inscription is by far too 
 modern ; the second was described as Mater CCNN & Castroram, in reference to Caracalla and Geta : the last, though 
 
 D her
 
 IS HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. [Book L— Chap. II. 
 
 by tradition ; and the inhabitants, whose ideas of a temple were all fetched from that of Solomon, 
 assigned it, of course, to that well-known and detested people. 
 
 her son «a? for a. short tiiDe Augustus, must have been distinguished not as the mother only, but wife, of the reigning 
 Emperor. It remains, tliat Julia Mammsea alone can have been intended, which will assign the first place in the 
 Inscription lo Alexander Severus. 
 
 This is farther confirmed, by a very fine inscription, given by Horseley (Cumb. LI.) in which this Emperor and 
 his mother are thus united; — N IMP. ALEXANDRI AVG ET IVL MAMMEAE MATR AVG n ET CASTRORVM. 
 This is the only inscription to Alexander Severus heretofore discovered in Britain, and the characters and ligatures 
 exactly resemble those of the Ribchester stone. 
 
 In the next place, when it is understood that the fine bronze head of Minerva already described was found within 
 
 a few yards of this Temple, there can scarcely be a doubt that the Temple was dedicated to that Divinity. What, 
 
 then, is the meaning of the very obscure and difficult contractions expressed by the characters PRAEP n ET REGI ? 
 
 N, as in the former inscription, is evidently Numini, and the part of the stone broken off requires an addition of two 
 
 letters at least. The reading will then be, Prctpotenti Numini & Regince ; and the whole, as it stands at present, may 
 
 be thus read : 
 
 PRO 
 
 J»LI iS DNET CASTR SV- 
 
 VALeriJ CRESCENTIS FVLVIANI LEGa<i EIVS proprcB 
 
 Titus FLoRiD«s NATALiS LY.Gahis VRAEPotenti Numini ET REGj)i« 
 
 TEMPLUM a solo ex RESPONSV re 
 
 STITUIT ET DEDICAVIT 
 
 This will lead, with very little room for conjecture, to the reading of the whole, in its perfect state : 
 
 DEAE MINERVAE 
 PRO SALVTE imp ALEXANDRI AVG ET 
 IVLl MAMMEAE MATRIS DNET CASTR SVOR ET 
 VAL CRESCENTIS FVLVIANI LEG EIVS PP. PR PR 
 T. FLORIDVS NATALIS LEG PRAEP N ET REGlNAE 
 TEMPLVM A SOLO EX RESPONSV RE- 
 STITVIT ET DEDICAVIT. 
 
 Or, still more at length, and in common characters : 
 
 DcEe Miner\ie — Pro salute Imperatoris Alexandri August! et Julite Mammese matris Domini nostri & Castrorum 
 suorum, et Valcrii CrescentLs Fulviani Legati, provinciae prtesidis, propraetore, Titus Floiidus Natalia Legatus, prsepo- 
 tenti numini et reginee templum a solo restituit et dedicavit. 
 
 To this statement nothing is to be objected, excepting that Lanipridius says of Alexander Severus, Dominum se 
 appellari vetuit. But as I have already demonstrated that the slyle of Mater Domini nostri el Castrorum applies 
 exclusively to Mammea, the Inscription becomes a better authority than the Historian, whose work is little more than 
 a biographical i omance. Besides that he who could endure the title of Numen would not feel his delicacy shocked by 
 that of Dominus. 
 
 With respect to the ascription of " Reginre" to MineiTa, I should have preferred Juno, had not the strong circum- 
 stance of the bronze head of the former Goddess having been found almost on the same spot, detei-mined me. Luna is 
 denominated Rcgina by Horace, and there is no analogy against its application to Minerva, thougli there is, perhaps, 
 no direct authority for it. The ligature N is used for Numini, in the Dedication to Alexander Severus, already quoted ; 
 and the words scarcely admit of any other rational interpretation. 
 
 This Inscription is extremely valuable, as it adds one if not two names (for Natalis was probably the successor of 
 Fulvianus in the province) to the catalogue of Imperial legates in Britain, in which there has hitherto been a chasm 
 from Virius Lupus, A D. 196, to Msecilius Fuscus, A.D. 238. There is, however, before the second LEG, something 
 like a ccntuvial mark, but it is turned the wrong way, and the name of the Ixgion is not mentioned, otherwise it 
 ^v<)uld have reduced Natalis to a vei-y inferior rank. The character 5P is read by Horseley provincix prxsidis, and must 
 liave been followed by PR. PR. proprcetore. The style of Propreetor if Legatus Augustalis ceased under the third Gor- 
 
 tlian, within ten years of this lime. 
 
 In
 
 Book I.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 19 
 
 The collections of Leland. though he was a classical scholar of the first rank, are very 
 defective in point of information on the subject of Roman antiquity: he glanced over our stations 
 
 Injustice to the supplement in the second line, it ouglit to be added, that the insertion after the letters IVLI, and 
 before IS, has been made according to the scale, and exactly fills the vacant space in the original. Tiie reign of 
 Alexander began A.C. 2*22, and terminated in 235. I should assign the date of this inscription to the latter end of 
 that period, when he appears to ha\e been in Britain. The bai'barous expression ex responsu, refers, I think, to an 
 answer given by the Emperor himself, directing tlie restoration of the Temple at Ribchester ; as he is known to have been 
 a munificent contributor to the renewal of all the old and decayed edifices of public utility wilhin his dominions. By the 
 attention and kindness of my worthy friend, Adam Cottam, esq. the fragments of this Inscription ha\e been carefully 
 preserved ; and, after being cemented to the surface of another stone, have been presented to me. 
 
 The distinct mention of a Temple, from which the stone could not have been far removed, excited curiosity j and accord- 
 ingly the Author, with some friends, having obtained leave, in Julv 1813, to explore the adjoining ground, proceeded to 
 dig in the gardens which intervened between tlie brink of the stream and the church-yard. Their search was instantly 
 rewarded ; for immediately beneath the vegetable mould, the walls were distinctly traceable, by the remains of mortar 
 and rubbish. Within these lay almost a continued stratum of charcoal, formed of the timbers of the roof, which had 
 been evidently consumed by fire ; and, nearly in the centie, a cavity had been formed by the falling-in of the beams, 
 so that the ends had sustained each other, four or five feet wide, and from three to four in height. Beneath this 
 fallen roof lay several human skeletons (apparently tho^e of \eiy tall and robust men) in every direction, and innu- 
 merable fragments of large amphorcc, besides one which we had nearly retrie^•ed entire, together with gieat quantities of 
 the red or Samian ware, beautifully stamped ; part of the beam of a stag, nearly eight inches in circumference; and 
 a ])erfect steel-yard of copper, very nicely and exactly graduated. Only one coin was discovered, a Denarius, apparently 
 of one of the Antonines, but in very bad condition. 
 
 From these appearances, it was impossible to deduce any other conclusion than this — that the Temple had been 
 stormed and burnt, and that several of its defenders bad been overwhelmed, and perished by the fell of the roof. 
 
 All farther in\estigation was bari'ed for the j)resent by the South wall of the church-yard. But in a few months aftenvards, 
 the sexton, casually digging a gi-ave where no interments had taken place before, to the South of the principal gate 
 leading from the village to the church, met with the base of a column, and one of the corner antce, erect, and in their 
 original positions. Their level was four feet and an half beneath that of the present church-yard ; which ascertains, 
 "with sufficient exactness, the level of the Roman town. They rested on no stylobatse, but on large rude foundation- 
 •stones. The anta and column stood parallel to each other, at the distance of 4\ feet, which, according to the rules 
 of architecture, ascertains also the distance from column to oolumn. There had evidently been a complete pei istyle ; 
 which, measuring from this corner to the place where the inscription was discovered, supposing it to have been placed 
 on the tympanum of the front, must have formed a side of 112 feet, and 16 columns. The workmanship was rude j 
 as the circle of the base-moulding of the column had not been struck by a compass, so that one diameter exceeded 
 another by 3-4ths of an inch. The mean diameter was 27 inches, the height somewhat less than three feet. The bottom 
 of the shaft tapered after the manner of the atticurges ; so that, as no capital was found, it was impossible to disco\ ei the 
 order of which the temple had consisted, the attic base ada])ting itself to several capitals. From the mouldings, it clearly 
 appeared that the two bases, «hich now lie in the town, had belonged lo the same edifice. At the distance of 45 feet 
 Westward, in the church-yard, a line of mortar and rubbish, uniformly turned up in digging, ascertains the 
 corresponding side of the temple ; so that the whole appears to have been somewhat more than an oblong. The 
 mouldings of the square anta, or corner pilaster, which had formed a part of the Naos itself, corresponded exactly with 
 the adjoining column. A statue of a lion, which had e\ idently been can-ed for some architectural purpose, as one 
 side was left rude and unfinished, had probably decorated this corner of the temple, since it was found within a few 
 yards of the place. It is now in my possession. 
 
 These remains evidently prove that architecture, which in Britain seems never to liave attained to any high degree 
 of excellence, was, in the reign of Alexander Severus, to whom the restoration of this temple is to be ascribed, evidently 
 on the dechne. The pro])onions were bad ; and the masonry, which had never been polished, bore the marks of a rude 
 fool and of a careless hand. The inscription, however, though entrusted to a thin and perishable flag-stone, was 
 admirably cut. 
 
 Our Belisama has been honoured with the following notice by the great Sclden : — " Uti Baal Samain est Jupiter 
 " Olympius, ita La'nu'nVi-a est Juno Olympia, id est DominaCoeli, ut tliocrte vocatur Jeremiae, cap. vii. & xliv. & alibi. 
 
 " Lunam
 
 20 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. II. 
 
 with an hasty eye : he scarcely transcribed an inscription. But about fiftv^ years after (A.D. 
 1582) Ribchester was first visited by the great Camden, to whom we are indebted for an 
 account of several valuable remains of this station, which are now no more *. 
 
 " Lunam autem se ostendit Astarte cum fi-onte comiculata fuerit conspicua, utrum corrupts ut fit orthographic Baaleth, 
 "■ seu Belth samaim in Belisamam^ apud Europaeos aut Asiaticos in Europa agentes, cogitent eruditi. Veteri sanfe in- 
 " scripto saxo, & apud Conseranos in Novempopulonia * reperto, ita legitur : 
 
 MINERVAE 
 BELISAMAE 
 Q. VALERIVS 
 MOxWM. 
 
 " Haud c\iiquani constare opinor quid aliud Belisama hie denotet. Minervee autem, Junonis, Veneris, Lunae, nomina 
 " sunt ita, cum ad Asiaticos Deos respexeiis, confusa, ut qui Minervam Belisamam, Junonem Belisamam, Venerem 
 " aut Lunam dixerit, idem semper ipsura dixeiit. An littori Britanniae occidentalioris (Lancastrensem agrum dico) 
 " Kstuarium ilhid BsXio-aja» Ptolemsei dictum ab hac Dei a vicinis culta sic fuerit nuncupatum, cogitent quorum 
 " interest. Flumen, quod ibi se jam in mare exonerat, Ribell (unde & Riblechester, Saxonico Rhie, id e=t fluvius, 
 " fortfe adjecto, ut sentit V. CI. Camdenus) vocatur, reliquiis Belisamce satis servatis." — Selden, Syntagma de Diis 
 Syris, Opera, vol. III. p. 348. 
 
 Taking the hint wliich this most learned Writer has afforded me, 1 will now venture another conjecture, as to the 
 dedication of this Temple. The Deit Maires, I apprehend, though many antiquaries su])pose them to liave been 
 merely deified women, are the three great goddesses, Juno, Minerva, and Diana ; and to them the Empress Mamma?a 
 appears to have been much devoted. To them was dedicated the Cumberland Inscription, which is so exact a co\mtcr- 
 ])art of this. All the remains of an architectural nature found at Ribchester appeal' to have belonged to one temple. 
 Tradition affirms the existence of one, and of one only. Next, the noble altar seen by Camden, and erected by 
 M. Ingenuius Asiaticus, was dedicated to the Dc<e Matres ; and, lastly, the brass helmet, which had been hidden with 
 great care near this very Temple, and probably when the great assault was threatened, by which the Temple was 
 destroyed, bore the attributes of iMinerva. Now we know, from a remarkable passage in Plutarch's Life of Marcellus, 
 that the Dea Matres had brazen helmets actually consecrated to their worship, in the temple of Ennaf . Laying all these 
 circumstances together, they will amount to an high degree of probable evidence that this Temple was really dedi- 
 cated to the Dea Matres, and that Minerva was one of the three. I do not, however, wish to be understood as 
 acquiescing in Selden's Hebre\v Etymology of Belisama, though it is equally ingenious and learned. 
 
 * The genius of Dr. Stukeley, after a rapid survey of a few hours, gave at once the most circumstantial and 
 entertaining account of this place, whicli has ever been communicated to the world. The few mistakes are very 
 excusable in a stranger and a journalist. As the " Itinerarium Ciuiosum" is become very scarce, I shall subjoin the 
 whole, verbatim. 
 
 " RIBBLECHESTER J. 
 
 " I went to view this old Station : it is prettily seated on a rising knoll on the river, at some distance, all round 
 inclosed with higher ground, well-cloathed with wood and hedge rows, beyond which the barren mountains, or fells, 
 which they generally call them here, from the Cimbric Falla. The soil heicabouts is gravel, with clay and sand by 
 spots. The Ribble is very broad at this place, rapid, and sonorous ; and what is much to be lamented, runs over innu- 
 merable Roman antiquities ; for in this long tract of time it has eaten away a third part of the city. I traced out the 
 old ground plot, and where the wall and ditch went round it ; it lay in length, East and West, along the North i^ide of 
 the river, ujjon its blink 800 feet long, 500 broad §. Originally, I apprehend two streets ran along its length, and 
 three crossed them on its breadth. Tliis place has long been famous for old monuments found therein ; and some 
 fi:\gments still remaining I had a bight of. At the door of the Rcil-lion ale-house I saw the base of a ])illar, and a 
 most noble shaft seven feet long, handsomely turned, which was lishcd out of the river; it is undoubtedly Roman 
 originally, though the base has, I guess, been used as the stump of a later cross, in which this country abounds, 
 
 * Gascon}-. t See Plutarcli's Msrccllus, liil. Reiskt-, r. 20. ♦ Itiiieraruim Curiosum, vol. II. pp. 36 and 3-. 
 
 § I have not hud an opportunity of verifvinf this lucasuri'iiiei-.t, «bich will give an area of nearly ten acres for the city within 
 (be vtilli. 
 
 There
 
 Book I.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 21 
 
 From him, from Leigh, from Horseley, and from later discoveries, is collected the follow- 
 ing sylloge of inscriptions discovered here, which I believe to be complete. 
 
 There is a Scotia and twoTorus's* at the bottom, though not very elegantly formed: perhaps it was never finished: the 
 whole piece is two feet and a half high, twenty-two inches in diameter. The frustum of the column lay in the alehouse 
 yard, where the weather and other accidents have obliterated an inscription consisting of three or four lines, towards 
 the top ; it is seventeen inches diameter at top. One corner of this house is a Roman pailition wall, built of pebbles 
 and hard mortar, as usual. This house now is by the brink of the ri\er, lea^■ing only a scanty road between ; but 
 within memoiy, a great many houses opposite, and among them the chief inn of tlie town, were washed away. Farther 
 on, down the stream, a great part of an orchard fell down last year, and the apple-trees still grow in their own soil at 
 bottom. Viewing the breach of the bank exposed thereby, I saw the joists and boards of a floor of oak four feet 
 beneath the present surface, with many bits of Roman bricks, potsherds, and the like; and such floors aie to be seen 
 along the whole bank, whence most antiquities are found in the river. The late minister of this place, Mr. Ogden, 
 collected all the coins, intaglios, and other antiquities found here in great quantities ; but his widow, as far as I could 
 learn, disposed of them to Mr. Prcscot, of Chester. I was shewn the top of a gi'eat two-handled .Amphora, or wine- 
 jar, taken out of the river of whitish clay ; I saw another fragment ; and among antiquities, he took up a \ev\ laige 
 piece of Corallium Tubulatum, bigger than a man's head, an admirable curiosity of nature. By symmetiy, I tind the 
 whole channel of the river, at present, lies within the precincts of the old city, the original channel on the other side 
 being filled up with the city walls and rubbish, for it bends with a great elbow towai'ds the city. The eastern limit of 
 the city, or that upward of the river, lies against a brook, there falling in, and the two streams playing against that 
 angle, have carried it away, and still threaten them. At the western end of the city, or down the stream, a whole 
 road and some houses too by a barn, are absorbed, and great quantity of ashler, the remahis of the wall, has been 
 carried off for building ; much remains in the ground, and oh the edge of the stream. Farther up the land, and all 
 along the West side of the church ^vall, the ditch is perfect, and the rampire where the wall stood pretty high, and 
 the foundation of the wall a little apparent. They tell me the Ashler-stone lies still, its whole length. They call 
 this Anchor-Hill ; and when digging by the house which stands upon part of it, they found anchors and great quan- 
 tities of iron pins of all sizes for ships or baigcs ; for they say this river was navigable so high formerly, at least for 
 smaller vessels. The North West angle of the city is manifest, and where the northern wall turned down the North 
 side of the church, a little way down a lane at that angle, a great bank runs westwardj made of stone, like a Roman 
 road. There is a lane goes down North of the city to the brook called the Strand, which confirms their having some 
 sort of navigation here. At the end of this lane is the street, which is the Roman road, running diiecUy northward up 
 the Fell, called Green Gate, it passes over Langridge, a great mountain so named from it, so through Rowland Forestj 
 it appears green to the eye. In this street, over against the Strand, is an old white house, in which, they say, Oliver 
 Cromwell lay when going to Preston in pursuit of the Scots, after the battle of iMarston Moorf. The eastern wall 
 over the brook stood likewise on a sort of precipice. I saw a large coin of Domitian, of yellow brass, very fair, found 
 in the river: ' Imp. Cses. doniit. aug. germ. cos. xvi. cens. per. pp.' Reverse : Jupiter sitting in a curule chair, the 
 hasta piu-a in his left, an eagle on his rigiit hand, ' Jovi Victori.' Exergue, ' S. C Another pedestal of a pillar found in 
 the river. Just under the Red Lion, a subterraneous canal comes into tiie river, so high that one may walk upright in 
 it, pa\ed at bottom. Many urns have been found hereabouts, but all lost and disregarded since Mr. Ogden's death, 
 who collected such things. They know the track of the Roman road all over the hills. In a garden by the Uaicorn's- 
 head, a gold finger was found, and a brass finger as large as a man's: two intaglios of Mercury, with wings on his 
 feet, the Caduceus, &c. found near Anchor-hill ; much ashes and bones found near the city. 
 
 Up the river, eight miles off, is Pendle Hill, a vast black mountain, which is the morning weather-glass of the common 
 people; upon it grows the Cloudberry plant. Digging in the church-yard, silver coins have been frequently turned up. 
 The river hither open and deep, but at Salesbury, a mile higher, rocks begin ; therefore it is likely this place was chosen 
 by the Romans, because at the extent of navigation. Half of one longitudinal street, and of two latitudinals, are consumed. 
 Horses and carriages fiequently fall down the steep from the street, because it is narrow, and but factitious giound. Pan- 
 stones, up the Hill by the Grean-moor Lane or Roman Road, is a place much talked of, but they know not for what. I sup- 
 
 * Exactly the same with tlie b.ise of the nilimin .mil the .'.iita l.itelv discovered in the rliurch-yard ; the di.iineters also n^reo. 
 f \ strange mistake : since .it .Marston Moor Cromwell and the Scots fought on the same side. Cromnell ceruiinly passed through 
 Ribthester, and miglit probaljly sleep at this house, ini his way to fight Duke Hamilton, in 1G48. 
 
 pose
 
 22 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. II. 
 
 The first seems to have been very obscure, and may be supposed to have been transcribed 
 incorrectly. It stands, liowever, in Camden as follows : 
 
 I. SEOESAM 
 
 ROLNASON 
 OSALVEDN 
 
 AL O. Q. SAR 
 
 BRl^VENM 
 
 BEDIANIS 
 
 ANTON I 
 
 VS MEG VI 
 
 IC DOMV 
 
 ELITER. 
 
 We are told by Camden, that the stone witli this inscription was in a wall at Salesbury 
 Hall, with a portraiture of a Cupid and another little image. I strongly suspect this to have 
 been the stone yet remaining there, and engraved by Leigh, on which, however, the principal 
 figure is an Apollo Pharetratus, which occasioned the mistake; and this may afford some 
 support to the conjectural reading which I am about to offer. Camden fairly acknowledges, 
 that after much study he could make no sense of it. Leigh foolishly mistook the third line for 
 the Saxon name of Osbaldiston ; and the cautious and accurate Horseley, who seldom ventured 
 
 pose it is either some Roman building, or a road eastward, or some terminus. They told me of an altar thereabouts, 
 with an inscription, axes, and the like, carved on it ; it is on Duttonley, by Panstones. Haughton Tower is within 
 view, a great castle upon a precipitous hill. Many are the inscriptions found here from time to time. Dr. Leigh has 
 seen them all Now they are removed, lost, or spoiled. One gi'eat altar they told me was carried to Dunkin Hall, the 
 seat of Lady Petre, with an inscription, a ram, and a knife. Many taken away by the family of Warrens, lately living 
 at Salesbuiy-hall. I saw the fragment of a stone in a corner of a house by the mill, cut with very fair large letters. 
 Under the next house is the fiustum of a pillar twenty inches diameter, made into a horse-block. I saw another flat 
 stone at the town's end, laid over a gutter, with a monumental moulding on it. 
 
 " Above the town, half a mile, is a noble bridge of four arches, built by the County : over this I went to Salesbury; 
 but all the inscriptions are carried away, probably to Mr. Warren's other scat, near Stockport, in Cheshire. I found 
 a large stone in the corner of tlie house, which has been a Roman monumental stone, foolishly placed there for the sake 
 of the sculpture : there are three large figures upon it, sweetly performed ; and good drapery, though half worn away 
 by time; a man and woman licj'.ling hands, both half nnked, somewhat roundish in the «Oman's hand ; at the end, is 
 Apollo, resting on his harp, his head leaning on his hand, as melancholy for the loss of a votary, for such we may 
 guess the deceased, either a poet, musician, or physician. Probably there was more car\ ing on those sides within the 
 wall*. This has been a very large seat, with a park. They told me there were some carved stones at Dinklov, another 
 seat of Mr. \\ arren's, a mile further ; but I found they were all carried elsewhere, save two altars, both obliterated, 
 but well cut : one stood in a grass plot in the garden, covered o\er with moss and weeds : another, used in the house 
 as a cheese-press. This is a romantic place, hanging over the river, purling across the rocky falls, and covered with 
 wood. The late Mr. Warren was very careful of these learned renuiants. They told me Ribchester was destroyed by 
 the Scots f. These are all the memoirs I could pick up, in about five hours I staid there. — ' Et antiquum tcnuerunt 
 Tiumina nomen.' — Ovid." 
 
 • This is the iJcntical altar of Apollo Aponus ; now, by the favour of Lord Bulkeley, in my possession : so fallible are the best 
 Antiquaries, in tlicir conjectures ! Dr. Stukeley, however, saw its beauties with the eye of a draftsman and a man of taste. The figure 
 nf Apiillo is probably designed with more freedom and elescance th.an any sculpture of Roman Britain. 
 
 f The tradition was right. Tut in the " Inquisiiio Noiiaruin," lately |iuliliihed, Ribchester is expressly returntd as laid waste by 
 liie Scots, in their destructive expediiion of 1322 They never crossed the Ribble, at least so as to do any considerable mischief. 
 
 far
 
 Book I.— Chap. II. ] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 23 
 
 far into the regions of conjecture, threw little farther light upon the subject. After the despair 
 of two great men (for Leigh was childishly ignorant of the subject), will it be deemed pre- 
 sumption to offer a conjectural reading of the whole * ? 
 
 * It is not without some salisfaction that I find my conjecture to have been substantially right. In the summer 
 of the year 1814, by the favour of Lord Bulkeley, 1 was permitted to detach this fine sculpture from the wall, of which, 
 for more than two centuries, it had formed a corner stone, when, on the third side, appeared the inscription which 
 had been so unskilfully transcribed for Camden, and which, without correction, has found its way into Gniter, 
 Horseley, and Leigh. It was literally this : 
 
 DEO SAM 
 jPOLN APON 
 
 'ALEGIQSAR 
 BRENTa^riM 
 
 |l-^ AN TON 1 
 
 ' VSi^LEGVJ 
 
 I C D O M Tgr 
 
 'VE LIT ERE IS 
 
 After the most attentive consideration, I now think that the Inscription is to be read as follows : 
 
 Deo Sancto ApoUini Apono, pro salute Domini nostri, Ala equitum Sarmatarum, Brennetennorum Dianius 
 Antonius, Centurio Legionis Sextae Victricis, Domo (or Domu) Velitris. 
 
 There is space for four lines, which ajjpear to ha\'e been worn away at the bottom of the stone, and which would 
 probably have explained the connexion of a Centurion of Roman foot with an Ala of Sarmatian horse. I suspect the 
 word which follows Sarmatarum to express a subordinate tribe of that vast and widely-spread nation, the Sarmatae Bren- 
 netenni : at least, I can assign no other meaning to it. There is an instance of a similar combination in Horseley's Nor- 
 thumberland, N. CVIII. " Etjuites Ccesarienses Corionata; ;" of which the meaning of the last word is equally unknown. 
 
 It is remarkable that the engraver, uncertain about the proper termination of the ablative of Domus, cut both 
 the letters V and O, the one over the other, so that it is impossible to discover which was his last determination. 
 
 The classical Reader will scarcely deem his attention too severely taxed by the length of the following remarks, 
 much less by that of their attendant citations, when he is told that, according to the most probable conjectures, the Fons 
 Aponi was the birth-place of Livy, and that this is the only inscription ever discovered to the Apollo Aponus. That 
 warm springs were usually dedicated to the Sun : our own Aqiue Sutis, the modern Bath, affords one example, sup- 
 ported by many others. The Fount of Aponus is, I believe, fiist mentioned by Suetonius, in the Life of Tiberiusj 
 and mentioned not for its healing, but its oracular powers : — " Quum lllyricum petens, juxla Patavium adisset 
 " Geryonis Oracidum ; sorte tracts qua monebatur, ut de consultationibus in Aponi fontem talos aureos jaceret, 
 " evenit ut summum numerum jacti ab eo ostenderent, hodieque sub aqua visuutur ii tali*." 
 
 The Piscina Neroniana (w hich appears to have been the name of one of the baths at this place) proves it to have 
 been frequented by that Emjieror; and his contemporary Lucan describes an hill in the Euganean country: — 
 " Aponus terris ubi fumifer exitf."— 15y Martial these fountains are described iis " Pontes Aponi rudes puellis J." 
 
 A long and elegant Idylliiun of Claudian, entitled " Aponus," proves that these salutary springs were equally 
 
 celebrated in the time of Honorius ; and the following Lines are a direct Address to Apollo, the tutelar Deity : 
 
 * Tiber. C. xiv. + Phars. i. vii. 1. 192. ; L. vi. Kpigr. xlii. 
 
 ' " Salve
 
 64 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. II. 
 
 Let it be recollecteil, in the first place, that the figure to which this inscription is supposed 
 to have been attached, is Apollo, in the character of the Sun. We will then read as follows — 
 
 SEOESAM DEOSAN 
 
 ROLNASON SOLNSOC 
 
 OSALVEDN OBSALVXDX 
 
 AL OQ SAR 
 
 BRES'EXM AL. EGO. SAR. 
 
 BEDL\NIS ""cui PReI EXT. 
 
 ANTON I 
 
 ^ S MEG VI ANTONI 
 
 IG DO.MV u VS. DLEG VI 
 
 ELIi ER. vie. DOMV 
 
 ELIBER. 
 
 That is, Deo sancto soli invicto socio oh salutem Domini nostri (the Emperor's name erased) 
 ala Eqnitum Sarmataium cui prccest Ventidius Antovinus, Centurio 
 
 Legionis sextte Fictricis, Domu Eliheri. — With respect to the first words, Horseley has a 
 similarybr»iM/tf, PI. No. 31. ad p. 19 2. Deo invicto sofi socio. The third and fourth lines are 
 
 " Salve Pseonfe largitor nobilis undae, 
 Dardanii salve gloria magna soli, 
 Publica morborum reqiiies, commune medentum 
 
 Auxilium, praesens numen, inempta salus. 
 Felices proprium qui te meruere coloni, 
 Fas quibus est Aponum juris habere sui§." 
 But as the human constitution is the same under eveiy change of religion and manners, the fountain of Aponus 
 continued to be equally celebrated under the Gothic kings ; and a tumid and half-barbarous Epistle of Theodoric 
 describes the place and its accommodations in a very curious and lively manner. I shall abridge the passage, for it is 
 very long, as much as is consistent with the sense : — 
 
 " Delectat salutiferi Aponi memiuisse potentiam. Cceruleum fonteni vidimus, in formam dolii concavis hiatibus 
 " spumantem. Ore plenissimo, in sphserae similitudinem, supra terminos suos turgescit. Unde latex tanti quiete 
 " defluit, tantfl quasi stabilitate decurrit, ut eum non putes crescere. A cautibus unda descendens & aera su& qua- 
 " litate succendit t\ tactu fit habilis, quum recepta fucrit in lavacris : unde non tantum deliciosa voluptas acquiritur, 
 " quantum blanda medicina confertur. Scilicet sine tormento cura, sine horrore remedia, sanitas impunita, balnea 
 "contra diversos dolures corporis attributa. Quae ideo Aponum Grseci lingui, beneficialis nominavit antiquitaslj. 
 "■ lUud quoque stupendum esse didicimus, quod una fluentorum natura diversis niinisteriis videatur accommoda. Nam 
 " protinus saxo suscipiente cnllisa, inlialat primae ccUula; sudatoriam qualitatem. Deinde in solum mitigata dcscen- 
 " dens, minaci ardore deposit©, suavi temperatione mollescit. Postremb, ipso quoque tepore derelicto, in Piscinam 
 " Ncronianam frigida tantum efficitur quantum prius ferbuisse scntitur. Sed, ut ipsum quoque lavacrum mun- 
 
 § Idvll. vi. 
 
 H This explains llie word Aponus : " Henltb restored, wliliout p:uii or effort." Comp.nre this with Claudian's lines on the same 
 
 subject ; 
 
 " Quod si forte malus membris exuberat humor, 
 
 Liin^uida vol niiniu viscera felle viient, 
 Non vcnas reserant, nee vulnere vulnera s-in.tnt, 
 
 Pocula nee tristi gramine mista bibunt : 
 
 .^niissuni lytupliis reparant impune vi^orom, 
 
 Pacaturque a;gro luxuriante do!'>r. 
 
 " dins
 
 Book I.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 25 
 
 pretty clear : the reading of the next is conjectural. The capital M, in the eighth, appears to 
 be compounded of the letter L and the centurial mark. The last is plainly Eliheris, or Jlliheris, 
 in Spain, and the formula is common. Thus we have Domo Samosata on one of the Chester 
 altars engraved by Leigh. 
 
 Still, there is an apparent impropriety in placing a Centurion of the sixth legion over an 
 Ala of Sarmatian horse, but this objection is done away by the following authority (see Horse- 
 ley, PI. 49. and p. 280.) Marcus Censorius Cornelianus centurio legionis decimce fretensis, 
 prcefectus coh. primce Hispanorum. 
 
 II. PACIFE 
 
 RO MARTI 
 ELEGAVR 
 
 BA POS 
 
 VIT. EXVO 
 
 TO. 
 
 The word Elegaiirha is very ingeniously read, by Professor Ward, ap. Horseley, p. 303, 
 Elemns Aurel'ius Bassus. 
 
 ^o' 
 
 III. DEO 
 
 MARTI ET 
 
 VICTORIAE 
 
 DD A\ GG 
 
 ET CC NN. 
 
 Here were two Augusti and two Ciesars at the same time, which corresponds with 
 Dioclesian and Maximian, Augg. and Constantine and Galerius, Caess. 
 
 " dius redderetur stupenda, quadatn continentiae disciplina, in undam qua viri recrcantur, si mulier descendat 
 " incenditur *." 
 
 The description now becomes more turgid and tedious ; but the passage ends with an order to repair a place so 
 salutary and delightful : — 
 
 " Palatium long^ senectute quassatum, reparatione assidua corroboraf." 
 
 1 learn, from Cluver's " Italy J," together with much of what has here been given, that in his time, about two cen- 
 turies ago, these fountains were not deserted. 
 
 Such, then, is the Fons Aponi, the subject of this curious and singular Dedication. From the classical style of the 
 sculpture, this altar must be referred to one of the earliest Emperors, who bore the style of Doniinus Noster; in other 
 words, to the beginning of the Lower Empire. 
 
 The stone is so large, that it appears to have had a distinct base and capital ; which accounts for there being no 
 appearance of a focus. The sculptures, especially that of Apollo himself, surpass in correctness and spirit of design 
 everything hitherto discovered in Roman Britain. The name of the emperor is unfortunately omitted, but the 
 dedication (the only one extant) to Apollo Aponus, or Aponi, is distinct and extremely curious. 
 
 • lacenditur. Does this explain the rudes piiellis of Martial } This continenti<c exemplum was vrry like a Christian superstition of 
 the age of Theodoric, but very unlike one of the second century, and under the tutela of Apollo, who was non xtsque adeo rudis 
 puellis. 
 
 ■f Cassiodorus, in Variar. 1. ii. epist. xxxviii. J Phil. Cluverii Ital. Antiq. 1. i. p. 148. 
 
 E IV.
 
 26 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. II. 
 
 IV. Camden's second visit to Ribchester, in 1603, was rewarded by the discovery of a very 
 fair altar, with this inscription: 
 
 DEIS MATRIBVS 
 
 M. INGENVI 
 
 VS. ASIATICVS 
 
 DEC. AL AST. 
 
 SS. LL. M. 
 
 The jisti, or Astce, were a people of Thrace, 'Aro« 0pa«a)i/ l^vog, Strabo, 1. 7. Steph. 
 Bizan. Aj-a» s^vog Q^axixov. Deis, instead of Deahus, is held to be pure Latin, where there 
 is another word expressive of the sex. Vossius de Anal. 2. 4. 
 
 y . The last of Camden's inscriptions, which he transcribed out of the papers of Lambard, 
 who had most probably received it from his friend Lawrence Nowell, is in a very peculiar 
 style, and has been justly conjectured, by Mr. Ward, to belong to a very low period in the 
 Empire. 
 
 HIS. TERRIS. TEGITVR 
 AEL. MATRONA. QV 
 VIX. AN. XXVIIL M. II. D. VIII. 
 ET M. IVLIVS. MAXIM VS. FIL. 
 VIX. AN. VI. M. III. D. XX. ET. CAM. 
 PANIA. DVBBA. MATER. 
 VIX. AN. L. IVL. MAXIMVS 
 --- AL. SAR. CONIVX 
 CONIVGI. INCOxMPARABILI 
 ET. FILIO. PATRI. PIENTIS 
 SIMO. ET. SOCERAE. TEN A 
 CISSIMAE MEMORIAE. P. 
 
 Here the words matei' and socera intimate the same person in two relations: pienfissimo 
 jiatri, for in patreni, is very barbarous ; and fenncisslmce viemorice, in a passive sense, is 
 altogether unauthorized. But the style of this inscription is not only late, but deformed by 
 provincial barbarisms. Antiquaries, while they employ their time and talents in elucidating 
 monuments of fifteen hundred years old, are apt to forget that the objects of their criticism are 
 often compositions of no higher rank than the frail memorials of our own church-yards, " with 
 " uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture deckt*." 
 
 * Doctor Leigh, the historian of Lancashire, was not content with republishing these inscriptions, but in pure 
 compassion to the unlearned, fa\oure(l them with his own tianslations, of which, I select the following as a specimen : 
 " AlI. a matron who lived twenty-eight years two months and eight days, in this earth lies entombed ; and M. I. 
 " Maximus her son, who lived six years three months and twenty days ; and Camp. Dubha, her mother, who lived fifty 
 " years. Julius Maximus, and Alcr a Sarmatian, wife to her incomparable husband, erects this to the memory of Simo 
 " the son of a pious father and his father-in-law." The following are a few more flowers of his criticism : — Coccium 
 from Coccins Nerva; CCNN. Coccio Nervce ; lETCCNN. imperatori triumpkanli Ceesari Coccio Nervce, for Imperaturi et 
 Cccsaribus nostris. Had this Doctor filled his whole book, as he has done nearly one half of it, with medical cases, it 
 
 might
 
 Book I.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 27 
 
 VI. The foregoing are from Camden : the next was, I beheve, first copied by Leigh, and 
 from him transcribed by Dr. Gale, who made one happy conjecture concerning the etymology 
 of Coccium, but proposed it with a degree of diffidence which a visit to the place would cer- 
 tainly have removed, as it must have convinced him that he was in the right. I had long 
 since made the same guess, and was happy to find it confirmed by the authority of so great 
 a man. 
 
 DEO MARTI ET 
 VICTORIAE DEC. 
 SIATIC. ALAE. SARMAT. 
 SLLMiarCCNN. 
 
 The last line is reasonably conjectured by Horseley to have been compounded of Nos. III. 
 and IV. 
 
 VII. Tliis imperfect votive stone was first transcribed by Horseley, and is now remaining 
 (though the letters are more than half effaced) in a garden wall within the village. Who the 
 two emperors were to whom it was inscribed it is now impossible to discover, but the form of 
 the letters seems to point at Severus and Caracalla. 
 
 VIII. IMP CAES 
 
 MA 
 
 CO 
 
 A rude milliary stone, engraved by Horseley. 
 
 IX. LEG XXVV. 
 
 FECIT. 
 
 This has been the corner-stone of a building, and is now remaining in an outhouse near 
 the church*. It has two sides exposed, and on the second, is a rude figure of a boar, the well- 
 known cognizance of this legion, which though usually stationed at Ciiester, might be quar- 
 tered here at intervals. It has never been published before. 
 
 Beside inscriptions, the smaller antiquities discovered here are innumerable. The coins, of 
 which many are found of the large brass, are generally so much coriuded as to be scarcely 
 legible. Denarii, of the upper empire, are not uncommon : a very pretty intaglio in a ruby is 
 engraved by Leigh ; and I have a gold ring, found here some years since, set with a cornelian 
 of many faces, with a dove in the centre, and round it the words AVE MEA VITA, the 
 present as it should seem of a lover to his mistress. 
 
 Tradition also records a singular discovery at Ribchester, viz. the skull of an ox, covered 
 with some remains of leather, and studded with gold. It is very possible that such a pre- 
 
 might have been of some use ; but how, with all possible allowances for the blindness and self-partiality of human 
 nature, a man should ha\e thought liimself qualified to write and to publish critical remarks on a subject of which he 
 understood not the elementary principles, it is really difficult to concei\e. After all, his errors might have slept with 
 himself, had not his \ anity and petulance been at least equal to his want of literature. 
 * It has since been removed to Browsholme. 
 
 paration
 
 28 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. II. 
 
 paration might have been used for some sacrificial purpose, and it was an idea not Hkely to 
 occur to an inventor*. 
 
 But the noblest discovery ever made here, or perhaps in Britain, was in the year 1796, 
 when the shelving bank of the Kibble exposed the following remains, which seemed to have 
 been deposited in an excavation of the earth, filled up with soil of a different quality. These 
 were — 1st. a large flat earthen vessel, extremely thick, with the potter's stamp very distinct, 
 " BORIEDOF, Boriedi Officina." ad. An entire Patera of copper, about six inches diameter, 
 with an handle. 3d. The imperfect remains of a similar vessel. 4th, A Colum, or Colander, 
 of the same size and metal. 5th. Several concave and circular plates of copper, with loops 
 behind, which had evidently been intended to fasten them perpendicularly against a shaft, in 
 order to form a Roman vexillum : such are frequent upon ancient monuments, but, for a par- 
 ticular illustration, the reader is referred to a monument of Lucius Duccius, Sig>iifer'\- of the 
 gth legion, in Horseley, pi. 63. 6th. A very fine helmet, of which the crest was a sphinx, 
 afterwards unfortunately lost, the head-piece enriched with a basso i^elievo of armed men 
 skirmishing with swords, and a vizor consisting of an entire and beautiful female face with 
 orifices at the eyes, mouth, and nostrils. 
 
 From the style of the head-piece it is conjectured by the best judges not to be prior to the 
 age of Severus; but the vizor is a much more delicate and exquisite piece of workmanship, and 
 is supposed not only to be Grecian, but, from the boldness of its lines, to belong to a period 
 somewhat anterior to the last perfection of the arts in that wonderful country. 
 
 All these remains are now in the museum of Charles Townleye, Esq. who, it is hoped, will 
 one day gratify the publick with a comment on the symbolical figures in front of the helmet;}:. 
 
 From Ribchcster our Watling-street takes a northern course over Longridge Fell, and is 
 distinguished as a long stripe of green intersecting the brown heath of the mountain. Having 
 reached the summit of the hill it takes a turn towards the North, then descends again, is very 
 conspicuous at intervals, has a broad and high ridge in the inclosures of the townships of 
 Thornley and Chargeley, enters Rowland a little below Dowford Bridge, passes about half a 
 mile West from Browsholme, traverses in a direct line the high grounds to the North of that 
 house, and then jiasses to the North of Newton and Sladeburn, and traces the Hodder to its 
 source at Cross of Greet, which is the northern boundary of the original parish of Whalley. 
 
 A portion of this way, about 330 yards in length, was laid open by the cultivation of a 
 morassy piece of ground, and is described by Rauthmell §, the sensible and observing antiquary 
 of Overborough, to have consisted of a substratum of large pebbly gravel spread on the surface 
 of the morass, and covered with large flat paving-stones above. This method of constructing 
 military ways was copied and continued by our immediate ancestors, though upon a smaller 
 scale, in those durable causeways which, imitating in this also the Roman fashion, they carried 
 
 * It was most probably one of the ancient encaipia. — There is also in the possession of Dr. St. Clare, of Preston, 
 a Roman cyathus or diota of silver, found at Ribchcster, not inelegantly embossed, and containing about half a gill. 
 
 t There is now at Standen, near Clithcroe, a sepulchral stone removed from Ribchcster by the late Mr. Serjeant 
 Aspinall, without inscription, but viih. a figure in high relief of a Roman standard-bearer of the lower empire, with 
 the labarum in his hand. 
 
 X For all thc=e remains and some others, see Plates I. and 11. They are now, with the marbles and other remains 
 of that inestimable Collection, in the British Museum. 
 
 § Bremetonaccc, p. ID. 
 
 in
 
 Book I.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 29 
 
 in right lines through bogs and over fells, and which have been superseded within the last 
 forty years only by turnpike roads. These well-planned but ill-executed works have indeed 
 opened the scenery of valleys, and added warmth and shelter to expedition, but, after flattering 
 the traveller for a few years by their compact and even surface, have left him for the most part 
 little reason to triumph in the change of rugged but durable pavements, and of the dvavra and 
 xaravra of the hills, for a road sinking once more into the subjected bog, or worn down to 
 the shelving surface of its parent rock. 
 
 The course of this great military way from North to South being thus traced, and the 
 existence of another in the direction of East and West foom the Neb of the Nese, assumed on 
 the authority of Mr. Whitaker and of Dr. Leigh, who observed it upon Fulwood Moor, we 
 have next, the assertion of Camden himself for its elongation to the East of Ribchester. Its 
 line must then have been conspicuous, when vast tracts of land, now enclosed, lay in 
 common, and the plough, the great destroyer of such remains, had never passed upon them. 
 
 The course of this road is well ascertained. It passed the Calder at Potterford; forms the 
 boundary of the townships of Whalley and Little Mitton ; traverses Chatburn and Worston, by 
 Standen, where it was anciently denominated the Brede (or Broad) Street; has been lately cut 
 through near Dovvnham Hall ; and passing through Ollcana and Burgodurum, or Adel, joins 
 the great Eastern Iter near Castleford. 
 
 But on this line or another, of which I have little doubt, that it traversed the Eastern skirts 
 of Pendle, whether at the distance of eight, or of eighteen, or of twenty -eight miles frona Reri- 
 gonlum, the seventh Iter of Richard calls upon us to look out for his station ad Alpes Penn'inos. 
 
 Whalley, which is nearly at the first distance, has nothing Roman. Burnley, which 
 exhibits now and then some evidence of a Roman settlement, is too remote from Pendle or Pin- 
 how*; Broughton, however, where it has been fixed by Mr. Whitaker, may be thought to have 
 a very plausible claim. But it is irksome to seek for a nonentity, as the fact really seems to have 
 been that in laying-out one of his new and arbitrary diaphragmata, the Monk having fixed in 
 right positions Rigndunnm (though miswritten by him Rerigonhim) on one side of the moun- 
 tains, and Aiicana, or Olicana, on the other, and having very properly interposed between 
 them on his map the Alpes Peiininos Montes, saw the distance of the other two to require 
 an intermediate station, and boldly invented this plausible and ingenious name. But had 
 he seen the anonymous Ravennas, his honesty would not have been put to the test; and 
 that unknown topographer, obscure and corrupt as he is, would have furnished him with a 
 genuine station in the very position which he wanted ; a station of which the summer-camp 
 remains at CasterclifF, and the name is echoed in Coin. 
 
 This was Calunio, the fourth name in an Iter (if, in an assemblage of names so ill arranged, 
 any number of mere local words can deserve the appellation) which appears to have taken a 
 circuitous route, unlike the regular and rectilinear Itinera of Antonine and the Notitia, from 
 Manchester to Ribchester. The names which precede and follow the first and last words of this 
 route appear to be unconnected with them, and indeed are absolutely unintelligible. Thus 
 insulated, therefore, it will stand as follows: 
 
 * That is supposing the Monk's name ad Alpes Penninos to be of any authority. 
 
 MANTIO
 
 30 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. II 
 
 MANTIO 
 
 ALUNNA 
 
 CAMLLODUNO 
 
 CALUNIO 
 
 GALLUNIO 
 
 MODIBOGDO. 
 
 Of the first and third of these names, Manfio and Camulodum, there can be no doubt but 
 that they are intended for the Manciinlum and Camhoduimm of Antonine; of which the 
 former has been fixed at Manchester, by the unanimous suffrage of our antiquaries, and the 
 latter has been removed from Almonbury to Slack, by the dihgent investigation of Mr. Watson 
 and bv the decisive reasonings of Mr. VVhitaker. The second, Alunna, is uncertain : if, how- 
 ever, we are to suppose, with Mr. Percival and Mr. Watson, that it is rightly placed between 
 the other two, Castleshaw may have a fair claim to it, and Littleborough, from its situation 
 on the infant stream of the Roach, a still fairer: for it is certainly no argument, or at least a 
 very ieel)le one, against the existence of a station in the fifth century, that it was unnoticed by 
 Antonine two centuries before; and as there are existing remains upon the two lines (for such I 
 deem them to have been) which led from Manchester to Slack, it seems but fair to assign this 
 hitherto unappropriated name either to the one or the other. If it be misplaced, as undoubtedly 
 many names in this irregular catalogue are misplaced, it may be corrupted from Ahiuna * or 
 from AUone ; it may have denoted Lancaster or \\'hitley Castle ; but at all events the Iter pro- 
 ceeds from Manchester to Slack. 
 
 Next appear Calunio and Gallunio, of which the latter has been placed by Dr. Gale, and 
 afterwards by Mr. Horseley, at Whalley, though the etymology of that word is purely Saxon, 
 and though there is not a vestige of Roman antiquity about the place. But the probability is 
 (and here I adopt with pleasure Mr. Whitaker's conjecture) that by a very frequent error in the 
 hurry and oscitancy of transcription, the name was repeated in one copy, the orthography 
 altered in another, and by that means two stations produced out of one. 
 
 Again, taking it for granted that the barbarous word Modibogdo is corrupted from Rigoduno, 
 we are next to ascertain the site of a station interposed betwixt Slack and Ribchester. Now the 
 route of this Iter is confessedly circuitous, and the vale of Calder, which would have formed the 
 direct line of communication between these two points, has no remains considerable enough to 
 claim our regard. But a few miles to the North, and in the very line too betwixt Cocciiim and 
 OUcana, the name of Colne and the remains of Castercliff ])lainly indicate the real site of 
 Calunio. 
 
 It seems probable that the exact spot occupied by this station was in some of the low 
 grounds beneath the present town, and on the banks of the river, where all remains of it have 
 been efl^aced by cultivation -f-, for Castercliflf itself, placed upon a bleak but commanding 
 
 * The name Al aim indicates the situation of this obscure place to have been on the bank of a stream. 
 
 t Hist. Mane. vol. I. p. 134. Perhaps the real si;e is now irretrievable, but there are two lingulae of land betwixt 
 Colne and Barrowford (a name indicating- something of anti(iuity) on the North side of Colnc VVatei-, and formed by the 
 influx of the two inconsidenible brook.s, wliicli have equal pretensions. The modern town of Colne has certainly none. 
 It is much too elevated and too fai- fiom the water. 
 
 elevation,
 
 Book I.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 31 
 
 elevation, which overlooks a large expanse of Craven to the North, and many miles of the vale 
 of Calder to the West, has plainly been the Castra .Estiva only of Calunio. Hither, how- 
 ever, points the Roman road mentioned by Mr. Whitaker, which, long after, intersecting the 
 Roman way from Manchester to Ilkley, may be traced in a broken causeway over the wild 
 moors above Heptonstall ; and hence appears to have issued anotlier vicinal way pointing di- 
 rectly towards Ilkley, of which there are remains in the upper part of Trawden. Neither of 
 these, however, are marked by the high bold rampart of the greater Itinera, or are distin- 
 guished from the old English causeways of the country, otherwise than by the direction which 
 they evidently pursue towards objects which have become obscure and uninteresting, ever 
 since the Romans abandoned Britain. 
 
 The area of Castercliff has been a parallelogram of about 120 yards by 110, though some- 
 what rounded off at the angles. It has been surrounded by a double vallum and foss ; and all 
 the stones about it bear marks of fire. 
 
 Great numbers of Roman silver coins have formerly been discovered in the long ascending 
 lane which leads from Coin Water to Castercliff; but nothing Roman, so far as I have been able 
 to learn, has been turned up within the area of the camp itself. It is singular, however, that 
 an iron cannon-ball, weighing six pounds, was lately found at this place*, a circnmstance of 
 which no probable account can be given, but that in the civil wars of the last century the works 
 were still so entire as to constitute a strong post, which was defended by one party and battered 
 by the other. 
 
 The environs of Colne appear to have been populous in the Roman times, as great numbers 
 of their coins have been discovered in the neighbourhood, particularly at Whratley Lane, and 
 near Emmet, where a large silver cup filled with them was turned up by the plough in the 
 latter end of the last century -^. 
 
 Another Iter from Mancunium has crossed a portion of the ancient parish of Whalley from 
 South-west to North-east. The existence of this has been very clearly proved, and its course 
 very accurately laid down by Mr. Whitaker; but from its direction it appears to have pointed 
 immediately at Camhodunuyn, and to have united with the road from thence to Ilkley, which 
 would form a communication with the latter station. At the foot of Blackstonedge, at a proper 
 distance from both the greater stations, and in a commodious site for refreshing the soldiers after 
 their toilsome marches over those inhospitable mountains, appears to have been a subordinate 
 fort, still denominated the Castle, and within half a mile of the modern Littleborough, to which 
 it appears :{: to have given its name. Whether both the lines of communication between these 
 two stations were contemporary, or one was abandoned for the other, it is now difficult to 
 ascertain. But a discovery made some years since at Castlemere, in the neighbourhood of 
 Rochdale, and very near the line of this Iter, consisting of several coins of the middle brass and 
 of the higher empire, one, if I am not mistaken (for I am compelled to write from recoUec- 
 
 * It is now in my possession. 
 
 t See a very sensible letter of Mr. Hargreave, rector of Brandsbui-ton, and a native of Coin, in Leigh, B. iii. p. 10. 
 Notwithstanding which, that author " stiff in opinion, always in the wrong," determines that Coin was not a Roman 
 station. The first application of Calunio to Coin is owing to the learned Dr. Gale. The orthography of this word, in 
 the most ancient charter we have, viz. of Henry the First's time, is Calna. 
 
 X Hist. Mane. toI. I. p. 171- 
 
 tion),
 
 32 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. II. 
 
 tion), as early as Claudius, seems to prove, that the Blackstonedge line was at least as early as 
 the other. About two miles North-east from the last-mentioned place, and like that near the 
 line of the Roman road, was dug up in the year 1793, a very singular and noble remain of 
 Roman antiquity. This was the right arm of a silver statue of Victory, of which the length 
 was ten inches, and its weight nearly six ounces. The hand was a cast, and solid ; the arm 
 hollow, and formed apparently by having been beaten upon a model of wood ; the anatomy and 
 proportions good ; and on the inside of the thumb a piece of solder which remained may be 
 conjectured to have held a chaplet or palm branch. There was, besides, a loose Armilla about 
 the wrist, and another united to the arm above the elbow, to the former of which was appended 
 a plate of silver with the following inscription, formed by the pointed strokes of a drill. 
 
 V 
 
 ,--r- ,' 
 
 V ' r ' ) 
 
 ).> I 
 
 A. 
 
 LJ >\ \ i-\ \- 
 
 > 1-- f ^ / I \ / • '» 
 
 Valerius Rufus, whose name occurs nowhere else among the inscriptions of Roman Britain, 
 may be supposed to have been an officer of rank in the sixth legion, and the arm of this vote 
 has in all probability been broken off and lost in one of their marches from York, their stated 
 quarters, to Manchester, where the altar to Fortune * proves them to have been occasionally 
 stationed. Gruter has a funeral inscription for Valerius Rufus, a soldier of the eighth legion, 
 at Tarraco, in Spain, but a vote of this importance must have exceeded the ability and the 
 ambition of a private soldier. 
 
 These images of Victory were frequently of gold, and in great military processions [Iv S^sajj 
 xa< TToixTraig) were borne by a boy elevated on the shoulders of men. The statue to which this 
 arm belonged must have been about two foot high, and therefore of a proper size for the purpose 
 which has been described. Any misfortune which befel these palladia of the camp was held to 
 be extremely omino^us, and the loss of this arm and label -|- must have spread consternation 
 through the whole legion to which it belonged. An acgident of this kind preceded, and pro- 
 bably contributed to the defeat and death of Cassius: T^sysToit os xai tt^ots^ov (says Plutarch) sv 
 *)-£a T»v» xa< Trop-TTT), ^^ij(rriv Ka<r(r»8 NIKHN 8(a(p£oo|x=vi]V TrstTsiv, oAitrSovToj re Cisoovros. Brutus, 
 c. 39. See also Dio. 1. 47. c. 40. 
 
 It was impolitic and dangerous to call-in superstition to the aid of military enthusiasm, a 
 quality no less open to the impressions of terror than those of hope or resolution from external 
 accidents and appearances. 
 
 * Horseley, PI. 61. N. 1. 
 
 t This valuable relic is now in the possession of the Author. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 Book I.— Chap. Ill] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 3S 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 MEMORIALS OF THE PARISH DURING THE SAXON MRA. 
 
 1 HESE are more considerable tlian might have been expected from the obscure situation of 
 the place, and the meagre accounts which have been transmitted to us of that barbarous and 
 uninteresting period. 
 
 The deplorable state of weakness and barbarism into which the Britons lapsed after the final 
 desertion of their country by the Romans, is the true cause of that total revolution in language, 
 laws, manners, and property, which took place after the Saxon conquest. Unlike the 
 operation of those irruptions which rude but vigorous tribes sometimes make upon their more 
 polished and feeble neighbours, in which, though property for the most part changes hands, 
 the conquerors themselves are gradually subdued to the habits, the arts, and the language of 
 their captives, these invasions found the miserable remnant of the native inhabitants unable 
 to solicit their subduers by the blandishments of Roman luxury, to refine them by the culti- 
 vation of Roman arts, or to enlighten them by the institution of Roman laws. All these, them- 
 selves had successively learned and lost ; and with them they had nearly lost a greater treasure, 
 which is never found to endure a state of second barbarism ; namely, Christianity itself: so 
 that, from the middle of the fifth to that of the sixth century, they are accused by Gildas and 
 by Bede of having lost not only the power of rehgion, but the external form, of having abolished, 
 except in a few instances, the order of priesthood and the distinctions of civil society *. 
 
 The Saxons, therefore, were at full liberty to institute an order of things altogether original : 
 they parcelled out the country upon their own plan, called the lands by their own names -^, 
 and transmitted to their posterity a local nomenclature and a fundamental sytem of legal 
 usages, which sustained the shock of the Norman Conquest, and even subsist at present. 
 
 Above the rest of Britain, the name of Deira, or Deop,aIonb, which marked the whole 
 tract of country interposed between the Tine, the Ribble, and the Humber, leads to the 
 idea of depopulation and decay, from which the Saxons themselves never completely reclaimed 
 it ; for, while the map of all their other kingdoms in this island is thickly strewn with towns 
 and cities, Bernicia and Deira together supply not more than twenty names, among which 
 stands distinguished, on the South Western confines of Deojxalonb, the Falalaej of Simeon of 
 Durham, the ppaellaej;}: of the Saxon Chronicle, and the modern Whallcy. 
 
 * Bede, 1. 1. ch. 22. Gildas de excidio Brit. S. xxvi. 
 
 f This was remarkably the case, almost all local names among the Saxons being formed from those of their first 
 possessors. After the Conquest a contrary process took place, and men were generally denominated from places. 
 
 i In om- oldest charters the Saxon aspirate is retained. The Deans sometimes signed themselves Dec. de Htcall. and 
 sometimes Quallaij. 
 
 F Having
 
 34 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. III. 
 
 Having now arrived at the word which denominates the subject of this History, it 
 remains that we enquire whether the Saxon language, from which it is obviously deduced, 
 will furnish a proper and descriptive etymology. In that language peall is a well, from 
 peallan scaturlre; and this diphthong was undoubtedly pronounced broad, like the Dutch 
 Wall, which is, in fact, the same word. In the neighbouring parish of Rochdale, the true 
 Saxon pronunciation of the word remains to the present day : there they have Cold Wall 
 and Wall Head, to denote two remarkable springs. — Dr. Plot, Hist. Staff, p. 47, mentions 
 a spring called Hungerwall, and one of the fountains of Whalley itself is still denominated the 
 High Wall Well*. 
 
 Falalae^, therefore, is the Field of If'ells, and a term more strikingly descriptive could 
 not have been chosen: for situated as Whalley is, upon the skirts of Pendle, and upon the 
 face of those half-inverted mineral beds popularly denominated the Rearing Mine, the earth, 
 if not drained, bleeds almost at every pore ; and there are no less than six considerable springs 
 within the immediate precincts of the village. 
 
 The first occasion in which the name occurs, in civil history, is in the year DCCXCVIII. 
 pep (says the Saxon Chronicle) paej- mycel jepeohc on NopShymbpalant)e on iv. non. Apji. 
 Bet: ppaellasje, •] ]?aep man opj^loh Aljiic ~\ oSpemajnije mit) him. 
 
 The account of this event by Simeon of Durham, from some more ancient authority than 
 that of the Chronicle, is much more interesting and circumstantial. His words are these : — 
 " A.D. 798. Conjuratione facta ab interfectoribus Ethelredi regis Wada Dux in ilia Con- 
 " juratione cum illis helium inivit contra Eardvvlphum regem in loco qui appellatur ab Anglis 
 " Billangahoh juxta Walalega, et ex utraque parte plurimis interfectis Wada Dux cum suis in 
 " fugam versus est -|-." 
 
 Billavge, or Billinge, I supj)ose to have been at that time the name of the whole ridge 
 extending from the mountain near Blackburn, now bearing that appellation, to Whalley. — 
 Billavgaton, therefore, will be the original orthography of Billington ; and Billangahoh, or 
 the low hill by Billinge, will leave, after cutting off the first syllable, the modern village of 
 Langho. Of this great battle there are, however, no remains, unless a large tumulus near 
 Hacking Hall, and in the immediate vicinity of Langho, be supposed to cover the remains of 
 Alric, or some other chieftain, among the slain. 
 
 But though tradition itself, the faithful preserver of events even more remote than this, 
 be silent on the subject, a few local names in the neighbourhood, which are evidently Saxon, 
 appear to have a reference to some circumstances relating to it. Thus Wadhow, a beautiful 
 swelling hill, four miles higher up the Ribble, may be the hill of Wada, perhaps the site of his 
 camp before the engagement. Waddington, in Domesday Wadeton, the town o^ Wada. — 
 Edisforth, or Gabipy-popS +, the Nobleman s Ford; and Wiswall, which is much nearer 
 to the field of battle, Fi^aj^paella, or the Hero's Well. 
 
 Considered as an obscure village, in a remote province, this testimony is honourable to 
 
 * So also Walshaw is a wood, and Wahden a valley abounding with springs. 
 
 •j Lcland, Collet tiine;i, vol. 1. \>. Z'^yO. 
 
 X Gabig, vvhiih means vir nobilis, heatus, lociiples, is never used as a proper name, but in eoniposition. tUisa 
 signifies heros, semideus, and is melted into the first syllable of fViswall, as from Begastown conies Bccslou. See 
 Wiswall. 
 
 Whallov.
 
 Book I— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. a5 
 
 Whalley. Few even of our large provincial towns, excepting those which lay claim to Roman 
 antiquity, have any earlier record than the great register of Domesday ; but our story reaches 
 nearly three centuries backward into the Saxon aera, is connected in its origin with an im- 
 portant national event, and attested by no private register, but by the annals of the Northum- 
 brian kingdom. 
 
 Domesday itself, however, by referring to the tenures in the Confessor's Reign, contains the 
 last memorial of the state of property during the Saxon period ; and being perpetually interwoven 
 with representations of the great change produced by the Norman Conquest, has, in a local his- 
 tory, peculiar claims to our attention. The entire district between the Ribble and Mersey appears 
 to have been surveyed by the same commissioners, and bears marks of the same peculiarities. I 
 have therefore subjoined the whole, together with a Commentary, and some previous obser- 
 vations with respect to the situation of the Terra inter Ripam et Mersham, under the 
 Heptarchy*. 
 
 A question has arisen among antiquaries, whether, in the a:ra of the Heptarchy, the tract of 
 country interposed between the Mersey and Ribble, and consequently the parish of Whalley, 
 were a portion of the Northumbrian or the Mercian kingdom -f-. The town of OOanij-ceaj-c|te, 
 indeed, which was repaired by Edward the Elder, is, in the Saxon Chronicle, expressly said to 
 be in Northumberland. The Council of Calcluith, though under the controul of Offa, king 
 of Mercia, is said to have been held in the same kingdom ; and it has been powerfully contended, 
 that Calcluith i^ is no other than an obscure place called Culcheth, near Manchester. 
 
 The note beneath will, I trust, have removed all claims on the part of Calcluith to a place in 
 Northumbria ; and with respect to the little evidence which can be adduced in favour of this 
 tract having once formed a part oi Northumbria, it refers to periods subsequent to the extinction 
 of the Heptarchy, and when an union of dominion rendered accuracy in adhering to the ancient 
 
 * In Delaval's charter, about 50 years after Domesday, Whalley is expressly said to be in Cestershyrii. 
 
 t See Hist, of Craven, 2d edit. p. 490, since the publication of which, I scruple not to acknowledge that I have 
 changed my opinion on the subject. 
 
 X It is strange, indeed, that the attention of no antiquarj- has been directed to Checkle}', in Staffordshire, as the 
 real scene of this quan-elsome and opprobrious assembly. But, upon every hypothesis, Checkley was far within the 
 limits of Mercia ; and it is highly improbable that a Council, in the decrees of which so powerful and spirited a prince 
 as Offa had so near an interest, would be permitted to assemble any «here but in his own territories. Let us see, 
 however, on what grounds the evidence in favour of Checkley rests. 1st. The initial c, in Saxon, was pronounced as 
 ch in church. Thws, Ceadde was altered in the orthography only to CAn^i; Calcluith, then, would be pronounced as 
 Chalcluith, and the last consonants very indistinctly ; invert the two letters c and I, in the middle of the word, and we 
 have ChacU, or Checkley. 
 
 This, however, would be a wild hypothesis, were it not supported by positive evidence. But at Checkley, in the 
 time of Dr. Plot, were remaining three crosses, of which the constant tradition of the place recorded, that they were 
 erected on the following occasion : — Speaking of " tall pyramidal stones" in church-yards, which he supposes to be 
 sepulchral, the Doctor adds (Hist. Staffordshire, p. 432), that there aie " three close together at Checkley, and pro- 
 bably funeral monuments of the dead, which agrees with the tradition at Checkley, the inhabitants reporting them the 
 memorials of three bishops slain in a battle there, about a quarter of a mile from the church. Compare these circum- 
 stances with the character of that Council which is called by the Saxon Chronicle § sephtfulhc (a word yet retained in 
 the Lancashire dialect, which would literally translate it " fliting,") and the violence with which it is known to have been 
 conducted, and there can be no doubt but that the tradition is an exaggerated account of that event j whence it must 
 follow, that Calcluith is Checkley. 
 
 § Anno DCCLXXXV. 
 
 boundaries
 
 36 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book I.— Chap. III. 
 
 boundaries a matter of comparative indifference. Thus nothing is more common, in the South 
 of England, than to denominate all persons Yorkshiremen, who have been born on the North 
 side of Trent. 
 
 But, on the other hand, there are two most cogent arguments, the one historical, the 
 other etymological, to prove that this district, under the Heptarchy, formed a portion, 
 not of Northinnbria, but of the Mercian kingdom ; and that, with respect to the pre- 
 sent County of Lancaster, the Ribble was the actual boundary. First, then, we have the 
 authority of the Status de Blackburnshire, to prove that the parish of Whalley was, from the 
 earliest times, a portion of the diocese of Litchfield; and it is very certain that this diocese, 
 founded as it was by the early Mercian kings, never passed the limit of their territories. — 
 But, secondly, the peculiar dialect of the Northumbrian kingdom, which, with many subor- 
 dinate varieties, prevails from the confines of the Highlands of Scotland to the Southern 
 verge of Yorkshire, including, that is, the whole of the ancient Bernida to the North, and 
 Deira to the South, immediately and strikingly ceases on the confines of the present parish of 
 Whalley, so as plainly to indicate, that on tliat bounding line it has been met and repelled by 
 the language of another tribe. Were it worth while to illustrate this position by a general 
 comparison between the language of Craven and of Whalley, I could prove this position in the 
 most satisfactory manner. But the following comparative Table of the names of local objects, 
 which severally prevail in these two adjoining districts, and are in a very small degree common 
 to both, will surely suffice for the purpose. 
 
 NORTHUMBRIA. MeRCIA. 
 
 Fell — occurs to the ^ ,-,, t>i i ^ 
 
 j Ldge — as Blackston- 
 
 NorthernbankofKib- > , ^^ i o 
 
 I edge, Stonedge, &c. 
 
 ble, never to the South J 
 Scar ------ Scout. 
 
 /-Brook — Burn ; the last 
 Beck - - - - - <! common to both, but 
 
 '^ more rare to the S. 
 Tarn - - _ _ _ Mere. 
 
 r Lumb, a deep pool in 
 Dub - ~ - - - <( 
 
 (^ a river. 
 
 Mire ----- Halgh. * 
 
 Carr ----- Leach, a Plash. 
 
 How ----- Know, knoll. 
 
 r Riding, Kidding, Rode, 
 
 Thwait --.--■{ n 1 
 
 1^ or hoyde. 
 
 NORTHUMBRIA. MeRCIA. 
 
 , r Eases — Holmes, com- 
 
 ings ------ J ' 
 
 \ mon to both. 
 
 / Wick, comparatively 
 
 ) rare to the N. of Rib- 
 " " ) ble. Thorp never oc- 
 
 V curs to the South. 
 Hope ----- Greave. 
 
 Gill ------ Clough. 
 
 Skell ----- Well. 
 
 Scrogg ----- Shaw — Scholes. 
 
 Sike - - - - Rindle. 
 
 Wath ----- Ford. 
 
 Twisle. 
 Scale - - - - - Rake. 
 
 * Ualgh. This is the Scottish Hangh, a flat spungy piece of ground. We have three instances in which it is 
 compounded with personal names, as Dunkcn-halgh, Pout-halgh, Hesmond-iialgh ; and tliree others in which the local 
 word united with it plainly indicates its meaning, as Aspen-haigh, the Halgh of Aspens, Ridy-halgli, tlie Halgh of 
 Rerds, and Recks-halgh, the Halgh by the Brooks: the last immediately North of Ribble, which accounts for its com- 
 bination with I'tck. Greenhalgh is another combination^ which may be referred to the same cause. 
 
 Dale
 
 Book I.— Chap. 111.] HISTORY OF WHALLEV. 37 
 
 ■{ 
 
 Dene, or Dean, some- 
 Dale* - - - - -<^ times, however, oc- 
 curring in Craven, 
 Toft ----- Holt, a tuft of trees. 
 
 Hurst — Hag — Holgh, 
 a wood. 
 
 Stank ----- Wham, a bog. 
 Hope-j~. 
 Busk 
 
 Ergh, Er, or Argh, in 
 composition.:}: 
 
 If we try, by the same rule, the hypothesis which fixes the Mersey as the boundary of the 
 two kingdoms, the result will be widely different. Between natives of the Northern and 
 Southern bank of that river, there is scarcely a perceptible difference of language: they are evi- 
 dently descendants, in common, from the same parental stock. 
 
 On the whole, I am persuaded, that the outline of the parish of Whalley, as far as it extends 
 along the Kibble, and afterwards as far as it coincides with the limit of the West Riding of 
 Yorkshire, is the ancient national line of separation between these two great kingdoms of the 
 Heptarchy. A single merestone (an immense natural block), called the wolf-stone, the pro- 
 perty of the Writer, marks at once the confine of the townships of Cliviger and Stansfield ; the 
 parishes of Whalley and Halifax ; the counties of Lancaster and York ; the ancient diocese of 
 Litchfield (now Chester), and the diocese of York ; the provinces of York and Canter- 
 bury ; and lastly, the kingdoms of Deira and Mercia. 
 
 Domesday- Book for Lancashire, South of the Ribble. 
 
 Inter Ripam et Mersham. 
 Terram infra scriptam tenuit Rogerius Pictaviensis, inter Ripam et Mersham. 
 
 In Derbei Hundret. 
 Ibi habuit Rex Edvardus unum manerium Derbei nominatum, cum 6 beruuichis. Ibi 
 4 hidae. Terra est 15 carucatae. Foresta 2 leucis longa, una lata, et aera accipitris. 
 
 Uctredus tenebat 6 maneria, Rabil, Chenulueslei, Cherchebi, Croseby, Magel, Achtun. 
 Ibi 2 hidae. Silvae 2 leuuis longae et latae^ et 2 aerae accipitrum. 
 
 Dot tenebat Hitune et Torbock. Ibi 1 hida quieta ab omni consuetudine praeter geldum. 
 Terra est 4 carucatae, valebat 20 solidos. 
 
 Bernulf tenebat Stochestede^. Ibi 1 virgata terrae, et dimidia carucata terrae, reddebant 4 solidos. 
 Stainulf tenebat Stochestede. Ibi 1 virgata terrae, et dimidia carucata terrae, valebant 4 solidos. 
 Quinque Taini tenebant Sextone ||. Ibi 1 hida, valebat 16 solidos. 
 
 Uctredus tenebat Chirchedele^. Ibi dimidia hida quieta ab omni consuetudine, prae-ter geldum, 
 valebat 10 solidos. 
 
 * This appellative occurs precisely on the confines, as Bleasdale, Wliitendale, Lotheisdale ; but in Rossendale only 
 South of Ribble. 
 
 t A small valley running up to a point among hills. We have nothing exactly to oppose to it. It is frequent in 
 the hilly parts of the West Riding, and occurs in the Peak of Derby. It is, indeed, a curious fact; that in and adjoining 
 to the Peak of Derbyshire, almost in the lie:irt of the Mercian kingdom, many striking vestiges of the Northumbrian 
 dialect appear. 
 
 I This is a singular word, which occvirs, however, both to the North and South of Ribble, though nmch more fre- 
 quently to the Norlh. To the South 1 know not that it occurs, but in An^les-ark and Brett-ergh. To the North are Bat- 
 arghes (Batterax), Ergh holme, Stras-ergh, Siz-ergh, Feiz-er, Goosen-ergh. In all the Teutonic dialects I meet with 
 nothing resembling this word, excepting the Swedisli ARF, terra, (vide Ihre in vocej which, if the last letter be pro- 
 nounced gutturally, is precisely the same with argh. 
 
 § Toxteth. II Sephton. ^ Kirkdale. 
 
 Winestan
 
 38 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. III. 
 
 Winestan tenebat Waletone. Ibi 2 carucatae terrae, et 3 bovatae, valebant 8 solidos, 
 
 Elmaer tenebat Liderlant. Ibi dimidia hida, valebat 8 solidos. 
 
 TresTaini tenebant Hinne * pro 3 maneriis. Ibi dimidia hida, valebat 8 solidos. 
 
 Ascha tenebat Torrentun. Ibi dimidia hida, valebat 8 solidos. 
 
 Uctredus tenebat Ulventune-^. Ibi 2 carucatae terrae,et dimidia leuua silvae, valebant 64 denarios. 
 
 Edelmundus tenebat Esmedune. Ibi una carncata terrae, valebat 32 denarios. 
 
 Tres Taini tenebant Alretun pro 3 maneriis. Ibi dimidia hida, valebat 8 solidos. 
 
 Uctredus tenebat Spec. Ibi 2 carucatag terrae, valebant 64 denarios. 
 
 Quatuor Radmans tenebant Cildeuvelle pro 4 maneriis. Ibi dimidia hida, valebat 8 solidos. 
 Ibi presbyter erat, habens dimidiam carucatam terrae in elemosinam. 
 
 Ulbert tenebat Wibaldeslie. Ibi 2 carucatae terrae, valebant 64 denarios. 
 
 Duo Taini tenebant Uuetone, pro 2 maneriis. Ibi 1 carucata terrae, valebat 30 denarios. 
 
 Levvingus tenebat Waretreu. Ibi 2 carucatae terrae, valebant 64 denarios. 
 
 Quatuor Taini tenebant Boltelai pro 4 maneriis. Ibi 2 carucatae terrae, valebant 64 denarios. 
 Presbyter habebat 1 carucatam terrae, ad ecclesiam Waletone. 
 
 Uchtred tenebat Achetun. Ibi 1 carucata terrae, valebat 30 denarios. 
 
 Tres Taini tenebant Fornebei pro 3 maneriis. Ibi 4 carucatae terrae, valebant 10 solidos. 
 
 Tres Taini tenebant Emuluesdel. Ibi 2 carucatae terrae, valebant 64 solidos. 
 
 Steinulf tenebat Hoiland. Ibi 2 carucatae, valebant 64 denarios. 
 
 Uctred tenebat Daltone. Ibi 1 carucata terrae, valebat 32 denarios. 
 
 Isdem (Uctred) tenebat Schelmeresdale. Ibi 1 carucata terrae, valebat 32 denarios. 
 
 Isdem Uctred tenebat Literland. Ibi 1 carucata terrae, valebat 32 denarios-. 
 
 Wibertus tenebat Eungermeles. Ibi 2 carucatae terrae, valebant 8 solidos. Haec terra quieta 
 fuit praeter geldum. 
 
 Quinque Taini tenebant Otigrimele. Ibi dimidia hida, valebat 10 solidos. 
 
 Uctredus tenebat Latone cum 1 bereuuicha. Ibi dimidia hida, silva 1 leuva longa et dimidia 
 lata, valebant 10 solidos et 8 denarios. 
 
 Uctred tenebat Hirletun, & dimidium Meritun. Ibi dimidia hida, valebat 10 solidos 
 €t 8 denarios. 
 
 Godene tenebat Melinge. Ibi 2 carucatae terrae, silva 1 leuva longa dimidia lata, valebat 
 10 solidos. 
 
 Uctred tenebat Leiate|. Ibi 6 bovatae terrae, silva 1 leuva longa, et 2 quarentenis lata, vale- 
 bat 64 denarios. 
 
 Duo Taini tenebant 6 bovatas terrae, pro 2 maneriis, in Holand, valebant 2 solidos. 
 
 Uctred tenebat Acrer. Ibi dimidia carucata terrae, vvasta fuit. 
 
 Teos tenebat Bartune. Ibi 1 carucatae terrae, valebat 32 denarios. 
 
 Chetel tenebat Heleshelc^. Ibi 2 carucata terrae, valebant 8 solidos. 
 
 Omnis haec terra geldabilis, & 15 maneria nil reddebant, nisi geldum Regi Edvvardo. 
 
 Hoc manerium Derbei cum his supradictis hidis reddebant Regi Edwardo, de firma 26 
 libras & 2 solidos. Ex his 3 hida? erant liberae. (^uarum censum perdonavit Teinis qui eas tene- 
 bant. Istae reddebant 4 libras et 14 .solidos et 8 denarios. 
 
 Omnes isti Taini habuerunt consuetudinem reddendi 2 oras denariorum de unaquaque ca- 
 rucata terrae, et faciebant per consuetudinem domos regis et quae ibi pertinebant sicut villani, et 
 
 * Ince. f VVolton. + Lidyate. § Halsbal. 
 
 piscarias
 
 Book I.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 39 
 
 piscarias et in silva haias et stabilituras, et qui ad haec non ibat quando debebat, 2 solidis 
 emendabat, et postea ad opus veniebat, et operabatur donee perfectum erat. Unusquisque 
 eorum, uno die in augusto, mittebat messores suos secare segetem regis. Si non, per 2 solidos 
 emendabat. 
 
 Si quis liber homo faceret furtum, aut forestel, aut heinfara, aut pacem regis infringebat, 
 40 solidos emendabat. 
 
 Si quis faciebat sanguinem aut raptum de femina, vel qui remanebat de siremot sine rationa- 
 bili excusatione, per 10 solidos emendabat. Si de hundreto remanebat, aut non ibat ad jilacitum 
 ubi praepositus jubebat, per 5 solidos emendabat. 
 
 Si cui jubebat in suum servitium ire et non ibat, 4 solidos emendabat. 
 
 Si quis de terra Regis recedere volebat, dabat 40 solidos et ibat quo volebat. 
 
 Si quis terram patris sui mortui habere volebat, 40 solidos relevabat. 
 
 Qui nolebat, et terram et omnem pecuniam patris mortui Rex habebat. 
 
 Uctredus tenuit Ciosebi, et Chirchedele, pro 1 hida, et erat quieta ab omni consuetudine 
 preeter has 6, pace infracta, forestel, heinfara, et pugna quae post sacramentum factum rema- 
 nebat, et si constrictus justicia praepositi alicui debitum solvebat, et si terminum a praeposito 
 datum non attendebat. Geldum vero Regis, sicut homines patriae solvebant. 
 
 In Otringemele Hirleshalla et Hiretun erant 3 hidae quietae a geldo carucatarum terras, et a 
 forisfactura sanguinis, et foeminae violentia. Alias vero consuetudines reddebant omnes. 
 
 De isto manerio Derbei, tenent modo dono Rogeri Pictaviensis, hi homines terram. Geof- 
 fridus 2 hidas et dimidiam carucatam, Rogerus 1 hidam et dimidiam, Willelmus unam hidam 
 et dimidiam, Warinus dimidiam hidam, Goifridus 1 hidam, Tctbaldus hidam et dimidiam, 
 Robertus 2 carucatas terrae, Gislebertus 1 carucatam terrae. 
 
 Hi habent in dominio, 4 carucatas, et 46 villanos et 1 radman, et G2 bordarios, et 2 servos, 
 et 3 ancillas. Inter omnes habent 24 carucatas. Silva eorum 3 leuvis et dimidia longa, et 1 leuva 
 et dimidia et 40 perticae latitudine, et ibi 3 aerse accipitrum. 
 
 Totum valet 8 libras et 12 solidos. In unaquaque hida sunt 6 caruratae terrae. 
 
 Dominium vero hujus manerii, quod tenebat Rogerius, valebat 8 libras. Sunt ibi modo in 
 dominio 3 carucatae, G bovarii, et unus radman, et 7 villani. 
 
 In Newtone Hundret. 
 
 In Newetone tempore regis Edvardi fuerunt 5 hidae. Ex his una erat in dominio. Ecclesia 
 ipsius manerii habebat 1 carucatam terrae, et Sanctus Oswoldus de ipsa villa 2 carucatas terrie 
 habebat quietas per omnia. 
 
 Hujus manerii aliam terram 15 homines quos drenchs vocabant, pro 15 maneriis tenebant, 
 sed hujus manerii berewichae erant, et inter omnes 30 solidos reddebant. 
 
 Silva ibi 10 leuvis longa, et 6 leuvis et 2 quarentenis lata, et ibi aeiae accipitrum. 
 
 Hujus hundredi homines liberi, praeter duos, erant in eadem consuetudine qua homines 
 Derbeiae, et phis illis 2 ditbus in augusto metabant in culturis Regis. 
 
 Illi duo 5 carucatas terrae, et forisfacturam sanguinis, et foeminae violentiam passae, et pas- 
 nagium suorum hominum. Alias habebat Rex. 
 
 Totum hoc manerium reddebat, de tirma, Regi 10 libras et 10 solidos. Modo sunt ibi, 
 
 6 drenglis, & 12 villani, et 4 bordarii. Inter omnes, 9 carucatas habent. Valet 4 libras hoc 
 
 dominium. 
 
 Id
 
 4Q HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. III. 
 
 In Walintune Hundret. 
 
 Rex Edwardus tenuit Walintune, cum 3 berevvichis. Ibi 1 hida. 
 
 Ad ipsum manerium pertinebant 34 drenghs, et totidem maneria habebant, in quibus erant 
 42 carucatae terrae, .et una hida et dimidia. 
 
 Sanctus Elfin tenebat I carucatani terrae quietani de omni consuetudine praeter geldum. 
 
 Totum manerium cum hundreto reddebat Regi de firma 15 libras 2 solidis minus. Modo 
 sunt in dominie 2 carucatae, et 8 homines cum 1 carucata. 
 
 Homines isti tenebant terram, Rogerus 1 carucatam terrae, Tetbaldus 1 carucatani et dimidiam, 
 Warinus 1 carucatam, Radulfus 5 carucatas, Willelmus 2 hidas et 4 carucatas terrae, Adelardus 
 
 1 hidam et dimidiam carucatam, Osmundus 1 carucatam terrae. 
 
 Valet hoc totum 4 libras et 10 solidos. Dominium valet 3 libras et 10 solidos. 
 
 In Blacheburne Hundret. 
 
 Rex Edwardus tenuit Blacheburne. Ibi 2 hidae et 2 carucatae terrae. Ecclesia habebat 2 
 bovatas de hac terra, et ecclesia Sanctae Maris habebat in Wallei, 2 carucatas terrae quietas ab 
 omni consuetudine. 
 
 In eodem manerio, silva 1 leuva longa, et tantundem lata, et ibi I aera accipitrum. 
 
 Ad hoc manerium vel hundretum adjacebant 28 liberi homines, tenentes 5 hidas et dimidiam, 
 et 40 carucatas terrae, pro 28 maneriis. Silva ibi 6 leuvis longa et 4 lata, et erant in supradictis 
 consuetudinibus. 
 
 In eodem hundreto habebat Rex Edvardus, Hunnicot de 2 carucatis terrae, et Waletune de 
 
 2 carucatis terrae, et Penniltune de dimidia hida. 
 
 Totum manerium cum hundreto reddebat Regi de firma 32 libras et 2 solidos. Hanc terram 
 totam dedit Rogerius Pictavensis Rogerio de Busli, et Albert Greslet, et ibi sunt tot homines, 
 qui habent 11 carucatas et dimidiam, quos ipsi concesserunt esse quietos usque ad 3 annos, 
 et ideo non appreciantur modo. 
 
 In Salford Hundret. 
 
 Rex Edwardus tenuit Salford. Ibi 3 hidae et 3 carucatae terrae waslae, et foresta 3 leuvis longa, 
 et tantundem lata, et ibi plures haiae et aerae accipitris. 
 
 Radeclive tenebat Rex Edwardus, pro manerio. Ibi 1 hida et alia hida pertinens ad Salford. 
 
 Ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae, et Sancti Michaelis tenebant in Mamcestre, unam carucatam terrae, 
 quietam ab omni consuetudine praeter geldum. 
 
 Ad hoc manerium vel hundretum pertinebant 21 berewichae, quas tenebant totidem Taini 
 pro totidem maneriis, in quibus erant 11 hidae et dimidia, et 10 carucatae terrae et dimidia. 
 
 Silvae ibi 9 leuvis et dimidia longa, et 5 leuvis et una quarentena latae. 
 
 Unus eorum Gamel tenens 2 hidas in Recedham*, habebat suas consuetudines quietas, praeter 
 6' has, furtum, heinfare, forestel, pacem regis infractam, terniinum fractum a praeposito sta- 
 hiiitum, pugnani post sacramentum factum remanentem. Haec emendabat 4 solidis. Aliquae 
 liarum terrarum erant quietae ab omni consuetudine praeter geldum, et aliquotae a geldo sunt 
 
 quietie. 
 
 * Rochdale. 
 
 Totum
 
 Book I.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEV. 41 
 
 Totum maneriiim Salford cum hundreto reddebat 37 libras et 4 solidos ; mode sunt in 
 nianerio in dominio 2 carucatse, et 8 servi, 32 villani cum 1 carucata. Valet 10 solidos hoc 
 dominium. 
 
 De hac terra hujus manerii tenent milites dono Rogeri Pictaviensis, Nigellus 3 hidas et 
 dimidiam carucatam terrae, Warinus 2 carucatas terra et alter Warinus 1 carucatam et dimidiam, 
 Gioffridus 1 carucatam terrae, Gamel 2 carucatas terrae. In his sunt 3 taini, 30 villani, 9 bor- 
 darii, et presbyter, et 10 servi. Inter omnes liabent 22 carucatas. Valet 7 libras. 
 
 In Lailand Hundret. 
 
 Rex Edwardus tenuit Lailand. Ibi 1 hida et 2 carucatae terree, silva 2 leuvis longa, et una 
 lata, et aera accipitris. 
 
 Ad hoc manerium pertinebant 12 carucatae terrae, quas tenebant 12 homines liberi pro 
 totidem maneriis. 
 
 In his 6 hidae et 8 carucatie terrae. 
 
 Silva ibi 6 leuvis longa et 3 leuvis et una quarentena lata. 
 
 Homines hujus manerii, et de Salford, non operabantur, per consuetudlnem, ad aulam regis, 
 neque metebant in augusto. Tantummodo 1 haiam in silva faciebant, et habebant sanguinis 
 foris facturam, et foeminae passae violentiam. 
 
 De aliis consuetudinibus aliorum superiorum maneriorum erant consortes. 
 
 Totum manerium Lailand cum hundreto reddebat de firma regi, I9 libras et 18 solidos et 2 
 denarios. 
 
 De hac terra hujus manerii tenet Giraa-dus hidam et dimidiam, Robertus 3 carucatas terrae, 
 Radulfus 2 carucatas terrae. Ibi sunt 4 radmans, presbyter, et 14 villani et 6 bordarii et 2 
 bovarii. Inter omnes habent 8 carucatas. Silva 3 leuvis longa, et 2 leuvis lata, et ibi 4 aerae 
 accipitrum. Valet totum 50 solidos. Ex parte est wasta. 
 
 Rex Edwardus tenuit Peneverdant. Ibi 2 carucata? terrae, et reddebant 10 denarios. Modo 
 est ibi castellum, et 2 carucata? sunt in dominio, et 6 burgenses et 3 radmans et 8 villani et 4 
 bovarii. Inter omnes habent 4 carucatas. Ibi dimidia piscaria, silva, et aerae accipitrum, 
 sicut tempore Regis Edwardi. Valet 3 libras. 
 
 In his 6 hundretis, Derbie, Nevvtone, Walintune, Blacheburn, Salford, et Lailand, sunt 
 100 quatcr 20 et 8 manerii. In quibus quater 20 hidae geldabiles, una minus. Tempore 
 Regis Edwardi, valebant 45 libras et 2 solidos et 2 denarios. 
 
 Quando Rogerius Pictaviensis de Rege recepit, valebat 120 libras. Modo tenet rex, et habet 
 in dominio 12 carucatas et 9 milites feudum tenentes. Inter eos et eorum homines sunt II5 
 carucatae et 3 boves. Dominium quod tenuit Rogerius appreciatur 2S libris et 10 solidis. 
 Quod dedit militibus, 20 libris et 10 solidis appreciatur. 
 
 It is not easy to treat with distinctness of the origin and ramifications of property in Blackburn 
 hundred, otherwise than by connecting it with the rest of the county of Lancaster, which lies 
 South of Ribblc. At the period of the Domesday Survey this extensive and most fertile part 
 
 G of
 
 4fl HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. TIL 
 
 of the present county belonged to none, but was separately surveyed under the title of the 
 country Inter Riprnn et Mershum. 
 
 In the time of King Edward, the whole of this district was the property of the Crown. It 
 had been granted soon after the Conquest (a vast donation) to Roger of Poitou : at the time of 
 Domesday, with the exception of the grants made by Roger, it had been taken in exchange or 
 resumed by the Conqueror, and, excepting certain knights' fees previously granted by him, it 
 remained in the Crown. 
 
 This Survey has many peculiarities, and many difficulties. Among them one of the most 
 remarkable is the use of the word Hide, which, in every other instance with which I am 
 acquainted, is commensurate with carucate : yet in the Hundred of Derby, and I think evi- 
 dently in the rest of the district, " In unaquaque hida sunt sex carucatse terrae." Another 
 general distinction appears to be, that where hides and carucates are mentioned under the same 
 manor, the latter appears to denote (and especially when combined with the word " terrae,") land 
 actually or anciently under the plough : I add " anciently," for there are " carucatae terrae vastae." 
 And when an hide is defined as consisting of six carucates, it must be understood to mean as 
 much land as, if thrown into cultivation, would employ so many ploughs drawn by eight oxen, 
 for such was the ancient Caruca. The term Hide also excludes meadows, woods, and commons. 
 It is therefore hmd fit for the plough, but never actually cultivated : in other words, native 
 pasture land, properly so called. 
 
 It must also be observed that the measure of woodland in every hundred, however the 
 woods might be dispersed, is added together and reduced to square miles ; a mode which, 
 however compendious, is obviously very inaccurate. 
 
 The word Manor, in its more extended sense, denoted the whole Hundred. 
 The Hundred of West Darby (at what period I do not know) has swallowed up those of 
 Newton and Warrington. 
 
 The Hundred of West Darby had two churches, Walton and Childwall. That of Newton 
 had one church belonging to the Hundred, and a separate endowment of Saint Oswald, be- 
 longing to the town of Winwick ; but as the whole hundred extended over Newton and Win- 
 wick alone, it is not probable that there was more than one place of worship. The church of 
 St. Elphin (a dedication now lost) at Warrington, was the only church of that Hundred. 
 Blackburn Hundred had two churches, Whalley and Blackburn. Salford had those of St. 
 Mary and St. Michael in Manchester, with one endowment only : and Lailand had one Pres- 
 byter, whose particular situation, by the inaccuracy of the surveyors, is not ascertained. 
 
 Of these, Winwick had an endowment of three carucates; Whalley of two (to each of 
 which was annexed the manor of the town) ; Walton, Manchester, and Warrington, a caru- 
 cate each; Childwall, half a carucate; Blackburn two oxgangs ; and of the Presbyter of Leyland 
 Hundred, we know not what or where was his provision *. 
 
 Such was the ecclesiastical establishment of South Lancashire, at the time of Domesday ; 
 an establishment adequate to the slender population of that period, and under which there was 
 j)robably a greater proportion of ministers to people than at present, but attended with this 
 
 * Presbyters, in Domesday, are frequently mentioned without churches. 
 
 inconvenience,
 
 Book I.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 43 
 
 inconvenience, that many villages were at the distance of fifteen or twenty miles from their 
 parish church, and without the convenience of chapels, which, in the great parishes, they 
 enjoy at present. What increase in the number of parishes had taken place in 1292, when 
 Pope Nicholas's Valor was made, and to what number they have been farther augmented at 
 present, will be noticed in its proper place. 
 
 In the whole of this district (the " Terra inter Ripam et Mersham") the Survey of the 
 Hundred of West Derby alone, excluding those of Newton and Warrington, which now con- 
 stitute parts of it, has the advantage of having its manors and vills enumerated by name. In 
 the other Hundreds they are grouped togetlier, unless, where some peculiarity of custom or 
 tenure rendered it necessary to specify the places so differing from their neighbours. In this, 
 and in all the other Hundreds, however, within this insulated district, the same method is 
 pursued. It begins with the town from which the Hundred (or manor, in its most extended 
 sense) received its denomination ; gives a particular survey of that and its immediate depen- 
 dencies or berewicks, specifying the measurement of wood and forest within the same, sepa- 
 rately, from the general measurement of similar grounds within the rest of the Hundred ; then 
 enumerates the several vills and manors, with their respective owners, customs, tenures, and 
 rents, as they had existed under the Confessor; and lastly recapitulates the same as then 
 subsisting under the great change of property occasioned by the Conquest. There were under 
 King Edward sixty-seven vills or manors (I presume that eveiy vill was at least a manor, though 
 some are divided into two, three, or four manors), subject to the Geld. 
 
 The grantees of Roger of Poitou held of these 8^ hides (each hide consisting of 6 carucates, 
 and ^2 carucates.) These several persons held in demesne 4 carucates, besides which there 
 were on the rest of their estates 46 villans, 1 radman, 62 bordarii, 3 slaves, and two female 
 slaves. On the part not granted out by Roger there were 3 carucates in demesne, besides 
 which, the rest of the estate was occupied by 6 bovarii, or herdsmen, I radman, and 7 villans. 
 
 The whole of the land included under hides and carucates when reduced to carucates 
 amounts to 85^, and as even slaves male and female are enumerated, it may be inferred that 
 the whole population is stated, viz. 136 families ; a number very inadequate either to the cul- 
 tivation of the ground, or to the consumption of its produce. The whole, consisting of at 
 least 8,500 acres, was estimated at ^.l6. 12s. which, supposing money to be 100 times its 
 present value, amounts to no more than ^.l,66o. or little more than 4*. per acre; a mere 
 quit-rent, which proves how advantageous was then the condition of a tenant. 
 
 The customs of these manors, which extended, with little variation, over the other Hundreds 
 within the district, will be explained here. Under the old Saxon government the Thanes or 
 Mesne Lords of tlie highest order paid two orae or thirty-two pence for every car ucate ; and 
 they were equally bound with the villains to repair the king's houses and fish-ponds, and in the 
 forests the haiae (hedges or ditches by which they were surrounded), and the buckstalls. For 
 neglecting the performance of these services, each defaulter paid two shillings, and was bound 
 after payment of the penalty to finish the work. Each of these also was bound to send his 
 reapers to cut the king's corn one day in August. 
 
 With respect to the penal code — if any freeman committed theft, or was guilty of fore- 
 stalling, enticing away a slave, or breaking the king's peace, he incurred a penalty of forty- 
 shillings. It was a crude system of jurisprudence, which classed together felonies and breaches 
 
 of
 
 44 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I —Chap. III. 
 
 of the peace; but the heavy penahy upon the last offence, equal at least to ^.200. at present, 
 proves our Saxon ancestors to liave been a very turbulent and refractory race. In the next 
 place, if any one committed rape or manslaughter, or absented himself from the Siremot, that is, 
 the general assembly of the county, without reasonable excuse, he incurred a penalty often shil- 
 lings. As this district belonged to no county, it may be doubted where the Siremot was held ; 
 but the next article plainly distinguishes from the Hundred Court. If any man staid away 
 from the Assembly of the Hundred, and did not attend the pleas of the same when summoned 
 by the Praepositus, or Chief Constable, he forfeited five shillings. If when the Chief Con- 
 stable summoned any one to assist him in the discharge of his office, such person refused, the 
 penalty was four shillings. If any one wished to leave the king's lands and inhabit elsewhere, 
 he paid forty shillings, and migrated whither he would. Every one paid a relief of forty shil- 
 lings for entering upon liis father's land after his decease. Strange as it may seem, there appears 
 to have been no diHerence in this respect between the smallest and the largest estates. Besides 
 these, are mentioned three distinct obligations, the breach of each of which incurred a penalty 
 of forty shillings : 1st. " Pugna, quae post sacramentum factum remanebat;" by which, I sup- 
 pose, is meant, a breach of the peace after having entered into recognizances to keep it : 2dly, 
 *' Si constrictus justitia prsepositi alicui debitum solvebat," which seems to mean, if a man paid 
 any private debt after his goods had been pledged to the Praepositus for a sum due to the 
 Hundred: and, 3dly, "Si terminum a pra?posito (hitum non attendebat;" ?. e. if having been 
 bound by the same to attend on a certain day, he did not appear. 
 
 Such were the laws and customs of South Lancashire before the Conquest. 
 
 Newton Hundret. 
 
 Whether it were that the remaining hundreds of this district were surveyed by less able and 
 accurate commissioners, or from whatever cause, there is, henceforth, no distinct enumeration 
 of vills and manors as in West Derby. The first peculiarity under Newton Hunrlred is that 
 there was a church belonging to the whole hundred, as well as the church of St. Oswald be- 
 longing to the town of Winvvick, if indeed these were not different parts of the same church. 
 Each, however, had a distinct endowment. The quantity of wood or forest land in this hun- 
 dred (an area of more than sixty square miles) is remarkable. The customs, excepting that 
 the freeholders received pannage of hogs (a valuable payment where there were so many woods) 
 varied little from those of the neighbouring hundred. The number of free men under King 
 Edward, is not enumerated ; but there were fifteen drenghes, who held as many manors. At 
 the time of the Survey, the cultivated land was reduced from at least 2-2 to 9 carucates ; and, 
 in consequence, from a rent of lo/. 10*. to 4l- At that jjeriod, it was jrossessed by six drenghs, 
 12villans, and four bordarii. Of these the drenghs appear to have been military vassals, of 
 the next inferior order to thanes: the villans were evidently freemen, who held by rustic 
 services. The bordarii, who were the lowest rank of land-owners, appear to have been such as 
 held cottages and small portions of ground by the service of cultivating the bord or demesne 
 lands of the mesne lord, or who made their payments in kind for the use of his table. 
 
 Wai.intl'ne
 
 Book I— Chap. III.] HISTORY Of WHALLEY. 45 
 
 Wauntune (now Warrington) Hundret. 
 
 Walintune itself consisted of one hide, and had three dependent berewicks ; but, to the hun- 
 dred itself, appertained 34 manors, consisting of 1^ hide and 42 carucates. St. Elfin, the 
 Church of the Hundred, had the usual endowment of one carucate. 
 
 This appears to have been a cultivated tract, as there is no return of wood-land. Here is, 
 unfortunately, no distinct account of the population subordinate to the drenghs, or mesne 
 lords, excepting that there were seven homines, who held a large tract of land within the same. 
 The word homines appears to be studiously opposed to liberi homines, who embrace the taini, the 
 villani (as the word is used in its ancient and proper sense), and the bordarii ; and therefore 
 appears to mean those who, in later times, were called villans, or held lands in villanage. But 
 the feudal senses of the word homo are so various, that it is not easy to ascertain the precise 
 meaning of it in this and similar passages of Domesday. 
 
 The Hundred of Warrington appears to have been depreciated more than one half, since the 
 time of the Confessor. 
 
 In Blacheburne Hundret. 
 
 It appears, that at the original institution of Hundreds, Blackburn was become a consider- 
 able place, otherwise it would not have superseded Whalley in giving denomination to the 
 wapentake. This preference, however, may have been occasioned as much by the extent of 
 the township as the populousness of the town, as there were within the place two hides and two 
 carucates of land. Two oxgangs (the only instance in which that fractional measure is men- 
 tioned in this Survey) are specified as the glebe of the church, and 46 acres are the extent of 
 the glebe at present. Yet I would not infer that an oxgang amounted to 23 acres ; (as Mr. Whi- 
 taker has j^erhaps somewhat too hastily concluded with respect to Kirkmanshulme, the ancient 
 carucate belonging to the Church of Manchester, that, because it now consists of 246 statute 
 acres, that was precisely the extent of the carucate.) Both the one and the other have probably 
 been extended by enclosures ; for there was no township without common, and no common 
 which has not, either wholly or in part, been enclosed. The Church of Whalley held its two 
 carucates free from every custom, even frotn geld, which, besides itself, was the privilege of 
 Winwick only. This Hundred, south of Ribble, (for the parishes of Ribchester and Chipping 
 then belonged to Amunderness) consists of about 300 square miles : of these, 25 miles are 
 returned as covered by wood. The forests, which are wholly imnoticed, occupied at least 
 sixty more. If we continue to understand the Hide as consisting of six carucates*, and average 
 every carucate at 100 acres Lancashire measure, there was, in corn-land and pasture, 9,150 
 acres, or nearly 20 square miles: there remain, therefore, little less than two-thirds of the 
 whole extent for wastes and commons appropriated to the several townshij)s or manors. Of these 
 King Edward held, in demesne, Blackburne, Huncot, Walton, and Pendleton, which are 
 therefore specifically mentioned in the Survey. But besides these, b)^ that unhappy inattention 
 which mocks curiosity and baffles enquiry, throughout the survey of every hundred within this 
 district, excepting Derbei, 28 manors, without name or designation, are generally mentioned 
 as having been held, under the former acra, by as many freemen. Neither will this general 
 enumeration give the number of villages or townships, at the time of the Survey, since we are 
 left in uncertainty whether, as in Derbei, single vills might not contain more manors than one. 
 
 * See unckr Derbei Hundred. 
 
 The
 
 46 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book I.— Chap. III. 
 
 The whole of this Hundred, however, had been given to Roger de Busli and Albert Greslet, 
 who at the time of the Survey had re-granted, to certain " homines," eleven carucates and an 
 half, which were not charged, as the grantors had acquitted them of all burdens for the term of 
 three years. And here again, by the same inattention which marks almost every feature of the 
 Survey as it relates to Blackburn Hundred, no return whatever is made of the part which 
 these grantees retained, amounting to -f-ths of the whole, as to the mode of occupation, the 
 value, or any other circumstance. 
 
 In Salford Hundret. 
 In the manor of Salford, which denominated the Hundred, were three hides and 12 caru- 
 cates of land. Radcliff alone had been the immediate property of King Edward : over the rest 
 of the Hundred, as over the whole of this district, he was only lord paramount. 
 
 In Manchester were two churches, respectively dedicated to St. Mary and St. Michael, 
 holding one carucate between them (we are not told whether in common) liable to the geld 
 only. In this Hundred were somewhat more than 45 miles of native wood. To this Hundred, 
 also, in King Edward's time, appertained 21 berewicks, held each by a Saxon thane, for so 
 many manors. They consisted of 11 1^ hides and 10^ carucates; or, according to the account 
 given of the hide in Derbei Hundred, about /00 acres each. One of these thanes, named 
 Gamel, who held two hides in Recedham (certainly Rochdale) had certain peculiarities in his 
 customs, which have been already explained. Nothing is said of the castle, which, as it gave 
 denomination to Castleton, must have existed before this time, but was now probably in decay; 
 yet seems to have been afterwards restored, as the burgesses of a decayed castle here are mentioned 
 as late as the reign of Edward II. The quantity of land held by Gamel will, I think, warrant 
 the conclusion, that he was thane of the four townships into which that parish is divided. 
 
 At the time of Domesday a great revolution had taken place in the state of property here. 
 There remained in demesne two carucates, cultivated by eight slaves and two villans, who 
 occupied one carucate between them. 
 
 Of the rest of the Hundred, Roger of I'oitou had already granted out, to be held by mili- 
 tary service, to one Nigel (qu. De Greslet?) three hides and half a carucate ; to Warin, two 
 carucates; another Warin, \^ carucate; Goiftrid, one carucate (all Norman names); and to 
 Gamel, perhaps the old lord of Recedham, two carucates. These were occupied by three 
 thanes, 30 villans, nine bordarii, one presbyter, and eight slaves, holding, in all, 22 carucates. 
 Here let it be observed, that three hides and seven carucates are described as equal to 22 
 carucates; therefore, the hide, here, consisted of five carucates: the demesne consisted of 
 three carucates. But this is far from accounting for the quantity of land enumerated above, 
 which amounts, at the same rate, to 93 carucates: this will be explained by the difference in 
 the Rental. Under king Edward, the Hundred of Salford yielded ^.37. 4*. At the time of 
 the Survey it was reduced (undoubtedly by depopulation and neglect) to ^.12. 
 
 It is very difficult to conceive the statement here given of the inhabitants to be meant of the 
 entire population ; yet, how can any enumeration descend lower than slaves ? and even com- 
 prehending these, only C3 families are accounted for in the Hundred of Salford ; and how should 
 these consume the produce of 2, .^00 acres ; or how indeed cultivate the ground, of which a 
 
 large portion must have been under tillage? 
 
 In
 
 Book I.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 47 
 
 In Lailand Hundret. 
 
 The Reader is, by this time, so well acquainted with the general style and arrangement of 
 the Domesday Survey, as applied to this district, that, under Leyland, I shall only notice one 
 or two peculiarities. 
 
 First, though there was a presbyter within this Hundred, there was no church. It may 
 be enquired, where did this ecclesiastic officiate? I have long been persuaded that there 
 existed many unendowed chapels*, some of which afterwards became parish-churches : Leyland 
 may have been one of these. But the absence of a church, in this Hundred alone, leads to a 
 conclusion, which Mr. Whitaker had already adopted, that Leyland Hundred had, at no long 
 period before the Confessor's time, been separated from that of Blackburn. But a real difficulty 
 remains. For whereas it is said, that in King Edward's time there were 12 carucates held 
 by five men, for so many manors, it is next stated, that these same 12 carucates consisted of 
 six hides and eight carucates; which, even supposing the identity of the hide and carucate here, 
 produces the absurdity of saying that 12 are equal to 14. This, however, is easily removed, 
 by supposing that the first 12 has been miswritten by the transcriber for 40; for, in the old 
 numerals, the mistake would be very easy, as xii might catch an hasty eye, and be confounded 
 with XL; vvliich will make the hide, in this Hundred, consist of something between six hides, 
 which it was in Derby Hundred, and five as it was in Salford. 
 
 Penwortham, the only place in this district which had a castle, was a considerable town, 
 having 21 families; and, as no slaves are m.entioned, it had probably many more inhabitants in 
 the whole. 
 
 Only 32 families are accounted for in the rest of the Hundred, which was partly waste. 
 The reduction in point of value, in consequence of devastation, which must have taken place 
 since the Confessor's reign, is striking. It then yielded ^.19. iSs. 2(1.; in the latter end of 
 the Conqueror, it was reduced to ^.5. 10*. It is thus that Tyranny cuts the nerves of its own 
 power. 
 
 * This is not inconsibtcnt \vi(h wluit lias been said on the subject, p. 43. I only suppose chapels in hundreds where 
 (here are no churches.
 
 4« HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. I. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 L HE origin of parishes is justly accounted one of the opprohria of English Topography. Too 
 local and obscure to be recorded in tlie general histories of the times, and too ancient, for the 
 most part, to be preserved in any episcopal registers now extant, these subdivisions of the ancient 
 Diocesan paroechice usually commenced at an uncertain as well as an early period. It is 
 therefore a circumstance not the least interesting in this history, that it will afford materials for 
 tracing, with considerable exactness, the origin of the church of Whallev nearly to the first 
 preaching of Christianity in the North of England, and also for ascertaining that of its 
 dependent churches and chapels, some of which claim an antiquity higher than the Norman 
 Conquest. 
 
 The great extent of the original parish, upwards of fiftv miles in length, and containing more 
 than 400 superficial miles, is a proof of its high antiquity. The beauty and fertility of Whalley itself 
 would point it out as an object of prime occupancy in the first re-population of the country after 
 its abandonment by the Romans ; and it is pleasing to contemplate the descendants of the first set- 
 tlers gradually diverging from their first seat, as from a centre, pursuing the course of the valleys 
 which unite near the place, and planting in succession the numerous villages whose names 
 still indicate their Saxon origin. The present parish, from the summit of Little Rowland 
 North to the extremity of Cliviger South, is thirty miles in length, and from the verge of the 
 Chapelry of Colne East, to the Hyndeburn West, fifteen miles. That portion of it which 
 lies South of Ribble has been ascertained to consist of l6l square miles. Little Rowland may 
 be estimated at ten miles, and the scattered and insulated portions of it which lie intermixed 
 with the parish of Sladeburn, in Yorkshire, at as much more. The county of Lancaster, South 
 of Ribble, measures 1003 square miles ; that on the North 6\6 ; in all 1619 miles : estimating, 
 therefore, the present parish of Whalley at 180 miles, it is nearly equal to one ninth part of 
 the county of Lancaster, or to 115,200 acres. Though a mere village, the parish which it 
 denominates contains within its limits four market-towns, of which one is a borough ; and the 
 Church has under it sixteen existing chapels, besides several which are dilapidated. It is also 
 the mother of seven parish churches, with their several dependent chapels. 
 
 Of
 
 Book II.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WH.\Ll.EY. 49 
 
 Of the foundation of the parent-church we will first relate a naked traditional account, 
 preserved in that curious Memoir, the Status de Blachhurnshire ; and afterwards endeavour to 
 appreciate the value of that account, and to confirm its veracity by such external evidences as 
 can be adduced in its support. 
 
 The story is shortly this : 
 
 " That in the time of Ethelbert King of Kent, who began his reign A.D. 596, Augustine 
 " the monk was sent to preach the Gospel in England, by Gregory bishop of Rome: that, in 
 " the course of his mission, he travelled into Northumbria, and preached at Whalley : in 
 " memory of which event certain crosses were erected, which, after more than seven centuries, 
 " continued to be called the crosses of Augustine. That, at the same time, a parish-church was 
 "erected, dedicated to All Saints*, and denominated White Church under the Leigh; 
 " — that the rectors of this church were also lords of the town, and married men, who held 
 " it not by presentation from any other patron, but as their own patrimonial estate, receiving 
 " institution, however, from the bishops of Litchfield, as ordinaries of the place. That these 
 " incumbents wrote themselves and were usually styled not rectors but deans; of which the 
 " reason is supposed to be, that, on account of the remote and almost inaccessible situation of 
 " the place, entangled with woods and over-run with wild beasts, the bishops of Litchfield 
 " devolved upon them a large portion of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, reserving only to themselves 
 " the decision of certain difficult and important cases : that this constitution remained for 470 
 " years before the Conquest ; after which period, when the lordship of Blackburnshire fell into 
 " the hands of one grantee from the Crown, the absolute independence of this benefice was so 
 " far intrenched upon, that, though the order of hereditary succession was still preserved, upon 
 " every avoidance commendatory letters to the ordinary were granted by the lords, which thei/ 
 " seemed to consider as partaking of the nature of a presentation, and the clerks affected to 
 " accept merely as a testimonial of their birth and family. 
 
 " With this change of constitution, the Deanery of Whalley subsisted down to the Lateran 
 " Council-^- held in the year 1215, which, by finally prohibiting the marriage of ecclesiastics, 
 " put an end to this order of hereditary succession, and occasioned a resignation of the patronage 
 " to the chief lord of the fee, after which the Church of Whalley sunk into an ordinary rectory; 
 " and this also, after the death of the first incumbent, was farther degraded, by two successive 
 " appropriations, into an impoverished vicarage." 
 
 So singular is the outline of our ancient ecclesiastical story; and, when the Reader is farther 
 told that this account is merely abstracted from a monkish MS. of the fourteenth century ;};, 
 though purporting to be drawn ex ant'iqtds et veracihus Chronlcis, he will probably see reason 
 for suspending his assent to so extraordinary a narrative, till he finds it corroborated by older 
 and more authentic testimonies. 
 
 * There is reason to think this account strictly correct ; for, though it is called in Domesday, Ecclesia Sea Maria in 
 H'alki, yet, in a charter almost two centuries later (Townley MS.) it is sly\ed Ecclesia Sancta Maria et Omnium Sanctorum. 
 
 t " Defuncto quocunque Decano de Whalley (that is, after the Conquest, as appears from the context), statim filius 
 " ejus, aut frater aut alius parens ad qticm jus haereditarium dictaium ecclesiarum (Whalley and Rochdale, the latter of 
 " which was not erected at the lime of the Domesday Suney,) pertinebat, obtntit se DOMISO de BLACKBURNSHIRE 
 " tanquam hseredem proximum earum ecclesiarum, et accepiis ipsiiis Domini literis hoc testantibus, ad episcopum loci 
 " ordinarium," &c. &c. — Status de Blackburnshire. + Status de Blackburnshire, ithi supra. 
 
 H Now,
 
 50 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. I. 
 
 Now it is surely an inauspicious circumstance, that this story commences with a falsehood, 
 for no evidence or probability warrants the supposition that Augustine was ever in Northumbria: 
 and it had been well if his monkish admirers had allowed themselves time to reflect, that, by 
 engaging him in this Northern expedition, they have loaded his memory with a reproach 
 which does not belong to it; I mean, that they have exposed him to the charge of having 
 instigated the murder of the monks of Bonchor. I do not highly esteem the character of this 
 man : his conduct towards the Christian Britons proves him to have had the narrowest views 
 in religion ; and he was besides proud, superstitious, and addicted to an indelicate casuistry, 
 which, in men devoted to celibacy, argues at least a contaminated imagination. But I am 
 unwdling to condemn him, upon such evidence, of all that complication of fraud and cruelty in 
 which his unthinking panegyrists have involved him ; and am happy, at the same time, to 
 reserve the apostleship of Whalley for a better and more evangelical man*. 
 
 In fact, Augustine seems to have been to the monks, what the Theban Hercules was to the 
 Greeks, an object of fond and thoughtless devotion, on whom they were anxious to accumulate 
 the exploits, and to divert the honours of his brethren. Thus precisely, in another instance, 
 nearly akin to the present, they have adorned him with trophies not his own. — " In one 
 " Christmas-day," says a fragment quoted by Camden -f-, " Austin baptized above ten thousand 
 "men, and consecrated the river Swale." — Yet the whole story, with many concomitant cir- 
 cumstances, is related of Paullinus by Bede, whose authority is incontestible. 
 
 But the credibility of ancient facts is sometimes little affected by an error in the names of 
 persons to whom they are ascribed : so that, if the Gospel were not preached at Whalley in this 
 century by Augustine, it is far from following that it was not preached there at all in that period; 
 and still farther, there is not only evidence to establish the probability of the fact, but to ascribe 
 it to the known apostle of the North of England. This evidence, it must be allowed, is but cir- 
 cumstantial, though surely strong. That Paullinus was diligently employed, under the auspices 
 of Edwyn, in preaching and baptizing throughout the provinces of Deira and Bernicia, that vast 
 multitudes flocked to him to receive the ordinance of Baptism, and that he usually chose the 
 banks of rivers as the scene of his ministry, for the convenience of baptizing, is recorded by Bede. 
 His presence at Devvsbury is moreover attested by a cross with an inscription, formerly extant, 
 to that efl^ect ; and though the three crosses of Whalley;};, to which tradition has with one voice 
 assigned the office of commemorating the same event under another name, have no remaining 
 inscriptions, 3'et their obeliscal form and ornaments of fretwork §, used in common by the Nor- 
 
 * My sentiments on this subject are preci'sely tlie saine with those of Dr. Smith, tlie le.irned editor of Bede. " Id 
 " viJetur," says he, speaking of this very stoiy, " enatum esse confundentis Augustinum cum PauUino. Sed triljuunt 
 •• Augvislino scriptores iter boreale consilio mtiltum divcrso, liinc ad clevandos (in tlic Englisl), not the clasvical sense 
 '•■ of that word) ejus laVioies. auctoritatem et miracula ; illinc, ad affigendum illi Monachorum Bonchoriensium 
 " Cffidem, pari utrinque, ut videtur, vcritatis specie." — Note in Bedam, 1.2. c. xiv. 
 
 + Gibson's Ed. p. 131. 
 
 J "One tiling I much notid; that was, 3 crossis standing in row at the Est cnde of the Chapell Garth. They 
 " were things antiqumiiiii operis, and monuments of sum notable men buried there : so that, of al the old monasterie 
 " of Ripon" (the work of Wilfrid) " and the toun, I saw no hkely tokens left, after the depopulation of the Danes in 
 " that place, but only the waullcs of our Lady Chapclle and the crosses." — Leland It. vol. 1. 90. 
 
 § The cross in the church-yard of Bakewell, in Derbyshire : and those in the church-yard of Penrith, &c. are in 
 the same taste. 
 
 vvegians.
 
 PL. IV 
 
 P-31- 
 
 rendo ac/modum in fbrisfo Fatri ac J)"^'D"SGiilii-lmo Clt-m-i-r S.T.P.EftLropo Banooriensi banc tahiilam. .fistr-nti-m Cnuvs Tniiliiiitina^t EiHiiit^elii 
 ^ Wa/aUtfatn^fiinte Saeaifo SefitiiHo^fmvdictjti testes /vifn/^n' roiriuut, in ol>si-n'a/iti/r n<r fivtiv ner intentiinv t<\fh//irni///n ,J}. /). D. ZZ>. ^Vhitakxr.
 
 Book II.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEV. 51 
 
 wegians, Saxons, Danes, and other Northern nations, prove their antiquity to be considerable, 
 and probably of no later date than Paullinus. The sera, therefore, of this memorable event, 
 the first preaching of the Gospel at Whalley, may, with an high degree of probability, be fixed 
 between the years 625, when his ministry commenced, and 6"31, when he was finally driven 
 out of Northumbria *, by the death of his royal convert-}-. 
 
 In one other circumstance my authority must be received with some abatement, as the 
 Church of Whalley could not have been exactly contemporary with Paullinus. On this head 
 the testimony of Bede is decisive. " Nondum enim," says the venerable historian, " oratoria 
 " vel baptisteria in ipso exordio nascentis ibi ecclesiae poterant aedificari, attamen in Campodono, 
 " ubi tunc villa regia erat, fecit basilicam. This, therefore, and the church of York, were the only 
 places of worship in the Northumbrian kingdom, contemporary with the ministry of Paullinus. But 
 the place where he had preached at Whalley would probably be held sacred ; crosses :}: would be 
 erected, and divine offices performed there, from the beginning ; and the climate would soon 
 admonish the most zealous and hardy congregation, that warmth and shelter are necessary to 
 undisturbed devotion. Such are the trifling abatements with which the testimony of our ancient 
 Chronicler is to be received. 
 
 The second particular in this account, capable of receiving confirmation from external 
 testimony, is the appellation of J J 'kite Church tinder tlie Leigh. The probability is, that, 
 after the example of the original church of York, it had first been built of wood, which was 
 afterwards replaced by stone. Hence the name of Candida Casa, or Whiteherne, in Galloway, 
 a contemporary or rather prior erection, for which Bede assigns the following reason : " Vocatur 
 " ad Candidam Casam eo quod ecclesiam de Lapide, insolito Britonibus more, fecerit^." The 
 ancient erections of wood were probably turned black from age, and these rare and recent 
 edifices of stone would, for some time, exhibit a very striking contrast to the eye ||. 
 
 But, what adds great weight to the circumstantial evidence adduced in proof of the existence 
 of a church here at a very early period is, that the place itself has already been proved to exist 
 in the eighth century, and that it is one of the few towns which, either on their own account, 
 or of events connected with them, have obtained a place on the solitary map of the North- 
 umbrian kingdom. Without a previous knowledge of this circumstance, the tradition of a 
 church must have been applied to prove the existence of the place ; but now the positive 
 evidence for that fact may be employed to confirm the tradition. 
 
 * It makes a difference of two miles only that, according to the hypothesis which I have endeavoured to establish 
 in this Edition, Whalley was actually in Mercia. Considerable portions, however, of the parish, e\en of the present 
 parish, were certainly in Northumbria. 
 
 f Bede has given an excellent original portrait of our Northern Apostle. He describes him to have been " vir longa?- 
 " staturae, paululum incurvus, nigio capillo, facie macilent&, naso adunco pertenui, venerabilis simul et terribilis 
 " aspectu." — Ec. Hist. 1. '2, c. \C>. 
 
 X An ancient form used in the consecration of a church-yard was, the erection of a cross in the centre, accompanied 
 with processions, singing, and sprinkling of holy water. — Cough's Sepidchral Mon. v. II. Pief. p. 177. 
 
 § Eccl. Hist. 1. iii. c. 4. 
 
 II " Interea sanctum Corpus de ilia quam diximus Ecclesiola (de virgis p. 142) in aliam translatum quae Alba 
 " Ecclesia vocabatur." Sim. Dunelm. p. 145. It is remarkable that a perpendicular rock in Cliviger, the property 
 of the author, blanched by exposure to the weather, has immemorially been called The White Kirk. 
 
 Dismissing,
 
 52 
 
 HISTORY OK WHALLKY. 
 
 [Book II.— Chap. I. 
 
 Dismissing, therefore, the name only of Augustine, the particulars of our traditionary 
 account compared with their respective confirmations from external testimony, will stand thus: 
 
 TRADITION. 
 
 I. 
 
 The gospel was preached at Whalley in the 
 beginning of the seventh century, and Whalley 
 stands nearly at the confluence of the Ribble, 
 the Calder, and the Hodder. 
 
 CONFIRMATION. 
 
 At this precise period Paullinus employed 
 six years in preaching and baptizing through 
 Deira, Bernicia, and the northern part of Mer- 
 cia, and usually frequented the banks of consi- 
 derable rivers. 
 
 II. 
 
 This event was recorded by the erection of 
 three crosses. 
 
 His preaching at Dewsbury was recorded by 
 a cross, and the form and decorations of those 
 remaining at Whalley accord with the period 
 assigned to them. 
 
 III. 
 
 A Church was erected upon the same place, 
 and called the White Church under the Leis;h, 
 from some peculiarity about its appearance. 
 
 Stone churches of that period were actually 
 denominated White Churches, and they were 
 remarked as an unusual mode of building. 
 
 To all these proofs is to be added another confirmation, which adds greatly to their force, 
 namely, that the compiler of the Monkish Record was, probably, ignorant of them all. 
 
 Other particulars in tliis account which require to be established, are, that the incumbents 
 of the ancient church of Whalley were married men ; were lords of the town ; and were entitled 
 not parsons or rectors, but deans. 
 
 The first of these, besides that the constitution of the Saxon church is known to have per- 
 mitted marriage in the secular clergy, will follow from the fact of the benefice having passed in 
 hereditary succession, v\hich remains to be proved in its place. 
 
 The second particular, namely, an union of the character of incumbent, and lord of the 
 manor, though unusual, is ftir from being singular, and it is to be accounted for thus : 
 
 At the first distribution of England into dioceses, the endowment was common, and tithes 
 and oblations constituted one general fund which was applied by the bishop, under certain re- 
 gulations, 1st, to the supjwrt of himself and his own family or college of priests resident at the 
 cathedral church ; and, 2dly, to the maintenance of tiie country clergy, whether itinerant, as 
 they originally were, or partly itinerant and partly resilient, or wholly resident as they gra- 
 dually became *. 
 
 But, in order still farther to encourage the erection of churches, which were as yet very 
 inadequate to the general diffusion of religious knowledge, and the general communication of 
 the comforts of religious worship, lords of manors were allured to these acts of munificence 
 within their domains by a concession from the ordinavy of the right of patronage, which by 
 
 * See Dr. Newton's Pluralities Indefensible, p. 56. See also Selden's History of Tithes, c. ix. par. 4. 
 
 the
 
 Book II.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 53 
 
 the primitive constitution belonged solely to himself, and by the privilege of anne.King in per- 
 petuity all tithes and oblations accruing within their own demesne to the service of that par- 
 ticular church. To these was uniformly added a portion of land or glebe, absolutely necessary 
 to the accommodation of an incumbent at a time when almost all the wants of life must be 
 supplied from tne immediate produce of the earth *. 
 
 But though, in general, parishes and manors were for this reason commensurate through 
 the kingdom, and manors and advowsons passed together, yet in these barren northern tracts 
 the fact was far otherwise. Here no single person, in the Saxon times, was lord of more than a 
 single vill, or township -f- ; yet the original parish of Whalley must have consisted of more than 
 fifty. This is a strong collateral proof of its high antiquity ; for, if we suppose some Saxon 
 lord of pptellej to have erected his White Church under the Leigh before the existence of any 
 other place of worship for many miles around, the people, anxious as they then were for the 
 blessings of religious instruction, would flock thither in multitudes from every quarter, and 
 would be willing to repay the priest for the spiritual benefits they received from him, in tithes 
 and offerings. I mean not here to enter upon a question so much agitated between Mr. Selden 
 and his antagonists as that of arbitrary consecrations ^ ; it is of no importance to the present 
 argument, and the other hypothesis will answer my purpose as well. For the bishop of the 
 diocese, concurring with the devotion of the faithful, and seeing no tendency in the lords of 
 neighbouring manors to erect churches upon their demesnes, might, by his own authority, allot 
 to the incumbent all tithes and oblations accruing from the several manors and townships, 
 however remote, whose inhabitants frequented his church. 
 
 Either of these hypotheses will account very satisfactorily for the vast extent of our northern 
 parishes, Whalley in particular, and for the number of manors and townships which they 
 contain. 
 
 But the extent of the parish of Whalley, and the great value of its tithes and offerings, 
 even in those days of wretched husbandry and slender population, must now be applied to the 
 solution of another difficulty in the constitution of this benefice. 
 
 Its incumbents were themselves lords of the town. 
 
 W^e find from Domesday book that the church of St. Mary held in Wallei two carucates of 
 land, free from every custom. Now this was not a glebe, which could ever have been set apart 
 by the founder for the use of an incumbent, but it was in fact the whole domain of the manor 
 itself^. As, therefore, it is scarcely to be conceived that a founder, even in times of the most 
 
 * This hypothesis will bring down the foundation of the church of Whalley about a century lower than the period 
 assigned to it by the author of the Status de Blackburnshire. For I do not recollect an instance of lay foundations of 
 churches till about the year 700, when there are two mentioned by Bede, one erected by Puc, and another by Addi. 
 H. Eccl. 1. V. c. 4 and 5. By the year 800, however, they appear to have been common, if we are to credit the charters 
 of confirmation made by Bertulph, king of Merciaj and others, to the abbey of trowland, on the authority of 
 Ingulphus. 
 
 f " Ouot fuerunt villoe, tot fuerunt Domini." Status de Blackburnshire. 
 
 J By this term is meant the right of dedicating tithes accruing from a manor or demesne to any church within 
 the same diocese, at the owner's discretion. 
 
 § At the time of the Domesday Survey no manor or vill within the parish contained more than two caiiicates, and 
 not many more than one. Vide the History of Property. 
 
 fervid
 
 54 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. I. 
 
 fervid devotion, would strip himself of his whole estate for the endowment of a parish church, 
 only one other reason of this circumstance remains to be given, namely, that in consequence of 
 the immense extent of the original parish, what was at first an accessary outgrew its principal ; 
 or, in other words, that the advowson becoming far more valuable than the manor to whicii it 
 was regardant, the lords, who were also patrons, saw the convenience of qualifying themselves 
 by inferior orders for holding so rich a benefice ; and thus the manor itself, having passed for 
 ten descents through a succession of ecclesiastics, ceased to be considered as a lay fee, and 
 grew to be confounded with the glebe of the church. 
 
 This hypothesis is countenanced by two singular charters, in one of which, without date, 
 but between the years II98 and 1208, an incumbent of this church grants to Ughtred the clerk 
 son of Gospatric de Samlesbury, certain lands to be held de ecclesia de Pflmlley, et de me et 
 successnrihus meis lihere ab omni sceculari servitio in j'eodo et hceredltate*. And another, 
 somewhat later, grants lands in Donnum in J'eodo et hcereditate habend,. et tenend, de Deo 
 et omnibus Sanctis et ecclesia de Whalley. I suppress the names and styles of these grantors 
 that I may not forestall evidence which will more properly appear under the next head. But 
 how is it to be accounted for that an incumbent should be permitted to alienate lands in fee to 
 be held of him and of his successors, on any other supposition than that they were originally 
 the demesnes of the manor and had now acquired a mixed character, being treated partly as 
 glebe and partly as a lay fee ? 
 
 The account farther informs us that these incumbents were styled, not rectors or parsons, 
 but Deans, and that the reason of this name was, that a certain portion of ecclesiastical juris- 
 diction was delegated to them by the bishops of Litchfield, on account of the remote and 
 almost inaccessible situation of the parish. 
 
 Here, in the first place, we are not to confound the oflice of the deans of Whalley with 
 that of rural deans, a dignity of high antiquity, and once of great importance in the church. 
 For in fact rural deaneries were so far from being hereditary that they were not even offices for 
 life, besides that the jurisdiction of the deans of Whalley extended merely over their own 
 original parish ; whereas that of rural deans originally comprehended ten, and afterwards an 
 indefinite number of parishes. Besides, it has never been discovered that the deans of Whalley 
 used an oflicial seal at all, whereas the rural deans had always a seal inscribed with their office, 
 but without a name. 
 
 In the same account it is stated that ten persons had held this office in succession, besides 
 an indefinite number of others whose memories are lost in remote antiquity. Those whose 
 names have been here preserved are Spartlingus, Liwlphus Cutvvulph, Cudwolphus, Henry 
 the elder, Robert, Henry the younger, William, Geoffiy the elder, Geoffiy the youngefj 
 and Roger. 
 
 Should any degree of incredulity remain with respect to the truth of this part of the nar- 
 rative, it is, like most of the former, capable of confirmation from external evidence. For, 
 though some of the former names in this catalogue rest on the single authority of our monkish 
 record, as we have no remaining charters relating to this parish prior to the reign of Henry I. 
 yet the following personages actually appear either as parties or witnesses to deeds of which the 
 
 * Tovvnley MSS. 
 
 originals
 
 Book II.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. S5 
 
 originals or authentic copies are still preserved. Dns. Galfr. Dec. de pwalley, Joh. frat. Galfr. 
 Dec; Henr. et Gaufr. fil. Gauf. Dec. ; Dns. R. Decanus de Whalley, Ric. frat. ejus ; Galfr. fil. 
 Robti. Decani de Whalleia *. 
 
 After these attestations to his veracity, our old chronicler is surely entitled to credit for the 
 earlier part of the line. 
 
 But there is a circumstance related of one of these which may be shewn, at least, to be 
 probable, and in character. It is recorded in the same narrative, of Liwlphus, second in the 
 catalogue, that he acquired the name of Cutwulph from having cut oft' the tail of an animal of 
 that species, while hunting in the forest of Rossendale-j-, at a place called Ledmesgreve :{:. On 
 this account, I have to observe, that the chronology of the line proves this circumstance to have 
 happened about the reign of Canute, and a mere falsary of the reign of Edward III. would 
 almost certainly have acquiesced in the vulgar story of the extinction of wolves by Edgar ^. 
 But, secondly, the deans of Whalley, like other ancient and dignified ecclesiastics, were mighty 
 hunters, and enjoyed the right of chace, first, to a considerable extent in other manors 
 adjoining to their own domains, and 2dly, within the forests themselves. 
 
 The first of these facts is ascertained by the following record in tlie Coucher Book of 
 Whalley. 
 
 " Metae, inter quas rectores de Whalley solebant pro libitu omni tempore anni venari. 
 " Scil. incipiendo ab Ilolpscolgh, juxta Twisleton usque Downum, et sic per totam terram de 
 " Merlay mag. et parv. usque Hasseldene super Peneltun, et sic infra boscum de Peneltun et 
 " forestam de Penhull, et sic ultra le Rugge in Kynefete Clogh usque aquam de Caldre ||." 
 
 But they also claimed and exercised a right of hunting in the forests ; for the abbey and 
 convent having succeeded to all the territorial rights of the deanery, Henry de Lacy exacted au 
 express renunciation of this right from the first abbot on the translation of his house to 
 Whalley %. 
 
 For the fact of the dean's exercising spiritual jurisdiction we must (and I think may safely) 
 take the word of our old and well-informed chronicler, for no other evidence can now be 
 adduced on the subject. 
 
 On the whole, then, it appears that the dean of W^halley was compounded of patron, 
 incumbent, ordinary, and lord of the manor, an assemblage which may possibly have met in 
 later times and in some places of exempt jurisdiction, but, at that time, probably an unique in 
 the history of the English church **. 
 
 * Townley MSS. 
 
 t Wolfenden in Rossendale, and Wolfstones in Cliviger, both attest the existence of this animal there, when those 
 names were imposed. 
 
 i There is a place of the name of Levengreve (Leoftvine-greve) not fiir from Whitworth, but this was never within 
 the forest. I suspect, therefore, that the real scene of this adventure was a place culled in the perambulation of 
 Brandwood under Roger de Lacy, about the year 1200, Senesgiene, probably corrupttd from Lenesgreve. 
 
 § I shall hereafter ajiply the same argument to prove the authenticity of the laws of Canute, 
 
 II Coucher Book of Whalley. f Ibidem. 
 
 ** It is not here meant that the mere fact of hereditary succession in benefices was at all unusual in those early 
 times, notwithstanding the general irregularity of the practice, and the particular canons which were directed against 
 it, as that of the synod of Westminster, 3d Hen. I. " Ut filii presbyterorum non sint haeredes ecclesiarum patrum 
 " suanim." But this difficulty was obviated by an investiture, which enabled an incumbent, who was also patron, to 
 
 transfer
 
 56 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. I. 
 
 Yet a character almost exactly resembling this may actually be traced in the church of 
 Ireland, which, as Mr. Selden * observes, bore, in many respects, a strong resemblance to that 
 of our own country : this was, the Corban, Plebanus, or Chorepiscopus, of whom Archbishop 
 Usher communicated a learned and curious account to Sir Henry Spelman -|- ; not, however, 
 distinguishing with his usual accuracy, between this ecclesiastic and the archipresbyter or rural 
 dean, an error into which he seems to have been led by Isidore Moscovius. The Plebanus of 
 the canon law was, properly speaking, incumbent of a mother church out of which one or 
 more dependent parishes had been taken, and of which he retained the patronage. In an 
 inferior sense it may be yet applied to the parochial incumbents of great benefices, who have 
 the patronage of several dependent chapels |. If the Plebanus had perpetual chaplains (or a 
 vicar and chaplain) in his own church, he was a dignitary, and always occupied the first stall 
 in his own choir. 
 
 Nearly akin to this Plebanus, if not altogether the same, was the Corba, Corban, Comor- 
 banus, all corruptions of the word Chorepiscopus. This office, and the inferior office of 
 Herenach, which much resembled it, was hereditary ; was held by persons sometimes only in 
 the inferior orders, and sometimes in none, but always literate persons. The glebe of the 
 Herenach was called honorem villce, or the lordship of the town. Both received institution 
 from the ordinary and exercised an inferior jurisdiction, one over the tenants of the termonland 
 or ecclesiastical demesnes committed to him, the other over the clergy of his plebania or cor- 
 banate. All these are instances of a strong tendency to the secularization of ecclesiastical 
 property in very early times, a natural consequence of enormous landed endowments, which 
 always lead either to violent resumptions on the part of the crown, or, as in the instance before 
 us, to a silent transition from patronage to property, and, from the character of incumbent to 
 that of impropriator. It is a fact little known, that fifteen persons held the archbishopric of 
 Armagh itself in hereditary succession, and of these eight were married men without episcopal 
 consecration, but all literate persons ^. 
 
 With what exactness do the several characters of these kindred offices in the church of 
 Ireland apply to the dean of Whalley! 
 
 For, like the Herenach, he had honorem villce; like the plebanus (which, however, was not 
 confined to the Irish church), he had patronage and jurisdiction over several dependent 
 churches, together with a vicar and chaplain in his own; and like the corban, his function was 
 hereditary, tenable also by persons in inferior orders and compatible with the married state. 
 
 That he was lord of the town has already been proved : that he was patron of one, at least, 
 of the filial churches, will be proved hereafter, that he exercised jurisdiction over all has been 
 asserted by our author, whose veracity we have been able to confirm in many instances, and to 
 
 transfer, dunng his life-time, all his rights in a benefice, without the intervention either of bishop or archdeacon. It 
 appears, in particular, that St. Peter's church, in Cambridge, was thus conveyed. Rot. Plac. 6. Ri. I. Rot. 1. and 
 Selden, c. xii. § 4. 
 
 * History of Tithes, c. ix. par. 4. 
 
 \ Vid. Spchu. Gloss, in voc. Corba. 
 
 X " Plebania est aliud genus beneficii et niajus quam rectoria : habet sub se capellas, et dignitatem esse putant 
 " interpretes." Syntagma juris canon. 1. xv. c. 24. Weever applies this to our side-wasted parishes in Lancashire, 
 and particularly to Whalley. Fun. Mon. p. 130. 
 
 § Spelman's Gloss, in voce Corba. 
 
 impugn
 
 Book II.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. S7 
 
 impugn in none : that he had a vicar and chaplain may be proved by the attestations of charters 
 in which " Rog. Rect. or Dec. Ughtred Cler. et Gilb. Cap. de Whalley *" appear together, and 
 by the stalls, three in number, which yet remain in the choir of the parish church. Lastly, 
 that he was married and had received only the lower orders, is demonstrated by the example of 
 the last dean, of whom it is affirmed, in contradistinction to his predecessors, " quod continenter 
 " visit et ad sacerdotalem se fecit ordinem promoveri." 
 
 Another proof of extreme accuracy in the Status de Blackburnshire, is the following. We 
 have before observed, that in this memoir there is an hint of some dependence to which the 
 deans of Whalley were reduced under the lords of Blackburnshire after the Conquest, which 
 though it did not break the order of hereditary succession in the benefice, imposed upon them 
 a necessity of obtaining commendatory letters from the lord previous to institution. This was 
 undoubtedly regarded by the latter as a species of patronage: and accordingly, when upon a 
 temporary forfeiture of the Lacies, in the reign of Henry the First, this great fee became 
 vested in Delaval, the latter actually granted to the priory of Kirkby (Pontefract) in Cestria- 
 shyre-^, " Walleyse ecclesiam et ad earn pertinentia, et capellam castri de Clyderhow cum 
 " decimationibus omnium terrarum dominicalium mei ejusdem castri, et ibi ecclesiam beatae 
 " Mariae Magdalenae et ecclesiam de Calna et ecclesiam de Brunlaia." A subsequent restoration 
 of the Lacies prevented this alienation from taking effect ; but it was contested with the true- , 
 pertinacity of monks even after the foundation of the abbe}^, and a lapse of two centuries. 
 
 However, it seems probable from these facts, that after the Conquest, though these eccle- 
 siastics certainly nominated themselves to this benefice for several generations, they continued 
 to use that privilege not so much in strictness of right, as through the indulgence of the 
 Lacies, by whom they were much favoured, and with whom they afterwards intermarried. 
 
 But there is another circumstance in its constitution which may seem almost equally sin- 
 gular with the institution of the deanery ; and that is, the existence of an endowed vicarage 
 before an appropriation of the rectory. 
 
 This, however, like the other, is a genuine remnant of Saxon antiquity : for, though it 
 has been remarked that vicarages, in the present sense of the word, (endowed, that is, in per- 
 petuity with a certain portion of glebe, tithes, and offerings, by an act of the ordinary,) rarely 
 occur before the reign of John ^, yet the institution of vicars in a larger and more general 
 sense is certainly coeval with the first donations of benefices to religious houses, and evidently 
 arose out of the necessity of the case. Neither were these substitutes merely stipendiary 
 
 * Townley MSS. 
 
 t Cestershyiia. The antiquity of this charter will be considered hereafter : but I cannot help remarking here, 
 the peculiarity of this description. In Domesday Book, \vc ha^e seen that what is now the part of Lancashire, South 
 of Hibble, appears to be classed with neither county, but is surveyed by itself under the title of " Terra inter Ripam 
 et Mcrsam." But, in Delaval's charter, it is plainly considered as part of Cheshire ; and, of the dependent parishes, 
 Sladeburn is afterwards granted by name to the same priory of Kirkby, and the churches of Blackburn and Rochdale 
 are not mentioned at all, because the former was already become private property, and the latter was not yet in 
 existence. It is farther remarkable, that .St. Michael in the Castle is described as a Chapel, though endowed with 
 tithes, and St. Magdalen in the Town, together with Colne and Burneley, are called churches, though it does not 
 ajipear that they ever received tithes at all. 
 
 J There is, however, one instance of an endowed vicanigc as early as 11'29, 29 or 30 Hen. I. Kennel's Par. Ant. 
 
 p. 90. 
 
 I curates
 
 5» HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. I. 
 
 curates removable at pleasure, for they appear to have held their offices by institution, but their 
 provision at first was arbitrary, and the subsequent endowment of vicarages seems to have 
 arisen from a general abuse of this discretion in the regulars, of which bishops were willing 
 to take advantage, as it contributed at once to an extension of their own authority, and to the 
 independence of a depressed and useful body of men. 
 
 But a circumstance which apjiroaches much nearer to the case before us is this : it appears 
 from Domesdaj', that many benefices were even then, wholly, or in part, fallen into the hands 
 of lay-men ; and the minister actually officiating in such churches, whether he received a 
 portion of the tithes, or by what means soever he were supported, was, both then, and later, 
 called " Presbyter qui ecclesiae servit *, sacerdos, clericus ecclesiee," &c. though, a little 
 before that time, Thomas, Archbishop of York, 17 William I. in a general confirmation to 
 the priory of Durham, enjoins " ut Vicarios -^ in eis libere ponant." This is the first instance 
 in which the word has occurred to me. 
 
 If, therefore, these substitutes were in actual use from the year 8oo|, when appropriations 
 of churches, founded by lay-men, first occur, and were wanted alike in benefices appropriate, 
 and those which had been seized by lay-men, there can be no doubt that they would be 
 equally employed by the semi-saecular Deans of Whalley ; and that they were, in fact, so 
 employed, iriay be proved by the example of the last Dean, who, in conformity to the decree 
 of the Lateran Council, having aspired to the Order of Priesthood, though he resigned the 
 Deanery, retained, or rather presented himself to the vicarage, with its rights, wh-ich were not 
 inconsiderable; for we find that Peter de Cestria, the first and only Rector, who was the 
 presentee of John de Lacy, received from the benefice, during the life of Roger, only a pen- 
 sion of fifty marks, or about a third part of the income. The largeness of the sum reserved to 
 the vicar, will excite the less surprize, when it is understood that the Dean had yet a power, 
 jure patronatits, of fixing the endowment for himself, as Ordinaries had then scarcely begun 
 to interfere in such concerns; and, indeed, he could have encumbered his own resignation with 
 such conditions as he thought proper. 
 
 This ancient vicarage, however, expired in the Same person with the Deanery, for on the 
 death of Roger, Peter de Cestria procured from Roger, Bishop of Litchfield, a consolidation of 
 both parts of the benefice, after the following form : 
 
 " Rogerus, &c. Noveritis nos vicariam quam Rogerus de Whalley quondam in vita sua 
 " obtinuit personatui ejus quern quidam Petrus de Cestria ante obtinuit sibi canonico intuitu 
 " consolidasse. Dat. apud Stanlaw prid. Cal. Jun. An. Pont. 4to. sc. A. D. 1245." 
 
 This resignation of Roger broke the order of hereditary succession, and his surrender of 
 the advowson, together with the act of consolidation, put an end to the peculiar constitution 
 of the benefice itself; but Richard, brother of this incumbent, himself also an ecclesiastic, 
 proliting by tlie bounty of the Lacies, his kinsmen, settled upon tlie Villa de Tunlay, and 
 became progenitor of a flourishing family, yet subsisting, after a lapse of six centuries, legiti- 
 
 * Domesday, in Clamoiibus Everwyksdij re. 
 
 t Stltl. Hist. Tithes, C. V2. Part 1. and Rog. Hoveden, P. 1. f. 263. This injunction sliews that the Ordinaiy did 
 not yet ordain Vicarages, but e.vhort patrons and lay iiossessors of benefices to the appointment anil liberal payment 
 of Vicars. 
 
 + Seld Hist. Tithes, C. 9. § 4. 
 
 mate
 
 Book II— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 59 
 
 mate descendants and representatives at once of tlie ancient Deans of Wlialley * and Lords of 
 Blackburnshire. 
 
 Peter de Cestria, the first and last rector, properly so called, of this church, is supposed, 
 with great probability, by Sir Peter Leycester, to have been a natural son of Lacy; he was a 
 very long-lived man, having been instituted A. D. Mccxxxv. and dying on the festival of 
 St. Fabian and Sebastian A. D. mccxciii. He was also rector of Slaydburn, and provost 
 of Beverley. All that I find concerning him farther was, that he vigorously opposed the 
 erection of Althatn into a parish church ; and that he obtianed a charter of free warren in his 
 manor of Whalley-J-. During his incumbency that church became appropriated to the Abbey 
 of Stanlaw, and his death was the commencement of a new and memorable aera in the history 
 of Whalley. 
 
 Before we take leave of this subject, it may throw some light both upon the preceding 
 disquisition, and upon the origin and constitution of the dependent churches, which arose out 
 of our ancient parish, to state the respective ranks and rights of these foundations, according 
 to the Saxon laws. 
 
 These were of three orders : 
 
 1st. The ealban myn)"rjxe, or mother church. 
 
 2d. The church having a le^^epj^cope, or place of burial. 
 
 3d. The pelbcypic, field kirk, or chapel without a caemetery. 
 
 The word ealTJan mynj^cpe appears sometimes to mean the cathedral church ; but more 
 generally denotes those churches of ancient erection, to which tithes were due of common 
 right, from the first foundation of parishes in the present sense of the word ^. Cypic and 
 myn^rpe appear to be synonymous ; for not only cathedrals but the larger mother churches 
 had frequently more priests than one, living, probably, in the collegiate manner ; and the 
 Saxon monasteries themselves, before the time of Dunstan, usually consisted of secular 
 priests, who lived together without rule and without vows. In this sense Whalley may 
 properly be considered as the ealban mynycjxe, or mother church. 
 
 But if a Tfiatie had erected on his own Bodatid (freehold or charter land) a church having 
 a lejepj-trope, he was allowed to subtract one third part of his tithes from the mother church, 
 and to bestow them upon his own clerk ; and so essential was this circumstance of a lejepy-rope, 
 or cemetery, to the constitution of a church, that even as late as 23 Henry HI. § in a case of 
 quare impedit, the issue was not whether it were church or chapel, but whether it had rights 
 of baptism and sepulture ||. But before that time a check appears to have been put to the 
 practice of endowing new parishes, so that foundations claiming rights of sepulture and ad- 
 ministration of the sacraments, henceforth assumed an intermediate rank between churches of 
 the second order, and mere " field kirks," and were called " parochial chapels." To the former 
 class, in this subdivision, belong the filial churches of Rochdale, Blackburn, Sladeburn, &c. , 
 to the second, all the chapels of the old foundation, as Saddleworth, Law, Clitheroe, Colne, 
 
 * Vid. Towneley, where the connection is distinctly traced, 
 t Tower Records, 12 EJw. Confirmed 20 Ric. IL P. 1. Mem. 14. 
 
 X Leges Eadgari, Par. 2. The same distinction is observed in the laws of Canute with respect to the Weregild. 
 Leges Cnuti, Par. 3. 
 
 § Selden, ubi supra. \\ Selden, vbi supra. 
 
 Burnley,
 
 60 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEV. [Book II.— Chap. I. 
 
 Burnley, &c. of which hereafter. Tliis also accounts for the resistance made by Peter de 
 Cestria, in the very period alluded to above, against the erection of Altham into a parish 
 church *. 
 
 Last in rank was the feldkirk, a mere oratoiy, or chapel of ease, so called, not from its 
 situation in the country, but from its lying unenclosed and open to the adjoining fields. This 
 had no rioht or place of sepulture, and no stated endowment ; but the founder was required 
 by the same laws of Edgar -\-, without subtracting anything from his tithes for the support of 
 his chaplain, to sustain him according to his own discretion out of the remaining nine parts of 
 his income. To this class belonged many chapels of ease within the original parish, since 
 become parochial, some by gradual usurpation, and others by positive concession. Thus the 
 chapel of Samlesbury, originally dependent upon Lawe, was made parochial by a grant of the 
 rights of sepulture and baptism^. 
 
 The little chapel of Whitewell, in Bowland, still remainmg without caametery or enclosure, 
 affords a complete example of these humble foundations. 
 
 If the subject be not yet sufficiently clear, it may further be illustrated by the several 
 effects which these subsequent endowments had upon the rights of their parent churches. 
 For the erection of a church with lej^ejifrope, occasioned a subtraction both of tithes and 
 oblations; that of the parochial chapel in later times, of oblations alone; and that of the 
 feldkirk, neither one nor the other. 
 
 It may be worth while to observe that the distinction between the second and third of these 
 ranks does not appear to have been understood at the date of Delaval's charter, (temp. Hen. I.) 
 in which the now parochial chapels of Clitheroe, Colne, and Burneley, are denominated 
 churches, though they never received tithes ; and that of St. Michael in Castro is plainly 
 termed a chapel, though its endowment of tithes is expressly mentioned. Hence it may be 
 inferred that in the conception of that age, a le;^cpf-t:ope without tithes constituted a church ; 
 and that tithes without a lejejrj-rope did not. 
 
 * About the vear 1'245. 1 Leg. Eadgari, vbi supra. X Townl. IMSS. 
 
 CHAPTEK
 
 Book II. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 
 
 CI». 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 LOCUS BENEDICTUS DE WHALLEY. 
 
 *' BONUM EST NOS HIC ESSE, aCIA HOMO VIVIT PURIUS, CADIT RARIUS, SURGIT VELOCIUS, INCEDIT 
 " CAUTIUS, aUIESClT SECURIUS, MORITUR F.^LICIUS, PURGATUR CITIUS, PR.EMIATUR COPIOSIUS." 
 
 BERNARD*. 
 
 IN the Year 11 78, a period when the veneration of mankind for monastic institutions in 
 general was at its height, and when a partial reform of the Benedictine order under St. Bernard 
 had directed for a time the bounty of kings and nobles almost exclusively into that single 
 channel, John, Constable of Chester, founded a monastery of Cistertians at Stanlaw, in 
 Cheshire, not far from his Castle of Halton, endowing it with the villages of Aston, Stanye, 
 and other lands, and appointing that it should be called " Locus Bcnedictus -|- :" but the 
 situation was low and unpleasant; at spring-tides nearly inaccessible, and sometimes over- 
 flowed ; besides that the sea made continual encroachments upon the adjoinmg lands. These 
 inconveniencies were patiently endured for about a century ; but tlie vast accession of property 
 which the Barons of Halton received in that interval from the first house of Lacy, had 
 enabled them to multiply their benefactions to Staulaw ; and the acquisition of the rectory of 
 
 * A sentence usually inscribed on some conspicuous part of the Cistertian houses. 
 
 t Lochs, in monastic Latin, technically expressed a religious house: thus, in missals formerly belonging to mo- 
 nasteries, this suffrage occurs, " ut locum nostrum conservare digneris." 
 
 Rochdale
 
 gj HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. 11. 
 
 Rochdale from Roger de Lacy, and of Blackburn and Eccles from John Earl of Lincoln, fol- 
 lowed by many private donations in the same quarter, occasioned a vast preponderance in the 
 property of the Monks on the side of Lancashire, and naturally turned their eyes (never 
 vvantino- in sagacity to discover warm and fertile situations) to a place at once more commodious 
 in itself and better adapted to the inspection of their other estates. Those estates indeed 
 afforded no situation to their taste. The glebe of Blackburn, for instance, was a bed of sand, 
 and that of Rochdale surrounded by morasses ; but the parent church of Whalley itself pre- 
 sented, as they truly said, " locum habitationi admodum idoneum * ;" the glebe was fertile, 
 warm, and spacious ; the tithery extensive ; the incumbent aged ; themselves importunate ; 
 and their patron bountiful. 
 
 Thus two of the filial churches were reduced once more to their original dependence upon 
 the ealban mynj- j-rpe ; and Whalley, previously venerable for its ecclesiastical antiquity, be- 
 came the seat of a flourishing establishment, which continued for two centuries and an half to 
 exercise unbounded hospitality and charity, to adorn the site which had been chosen with a 
 succession of magnificent buildings, to protect the tenants of its ample domains in the enjoy- 
 ment of independence and plenty, to educate and provide for their children, to employ, clothe, 
 feed, and pay, many labourers, herdsmen, and shepherds, to exercise the arts, and cultivate 
 the learnino- of the times, yet, unfortunately, at the expence of the secular incumbents, whose 
 endowments they had swallowed up, and whose functions they had degraded into those of 
 pensionary vicars or mendicant chaplains -jf. 
 
 But the secular clergy were not the only persons who felt or fancied themselves to be 
 aggrieved by this translation. The elder convent of Sallay, which was never richly endowed, 
 and whose lands were better adapted to the feeding of cattle than to the growth of grain and 
 other necessaries of life usually raised by the religious houses within their own domains, 
 exhibited a large catalogue of grievances, which, at the distance of more than six miles, they 
 experienced or apprehended from the new foundation. This dispute, however, was compro- 
 mised by arbitrators of their own order. In fact, the monks knew how to lay their own da- 
 mages ; but the complaint was not altogether groundless, for the introduction of so numerous 
 an establishment into a country scarcely able to support its own inhabitants before, must neces- 
 sarily be felt in a defect of provisions, or an increase of their price. 
 
 But to return, Stanlaw, notwithstanding the name of locus benedicfiis, appears to have 
 been eminently unblest, for, in addition to the calamities recited above, the tower of the churcli 
 fell down in the year 12S7; and in I289, great part of the abbey was consumed by fire. These 
 misfortunes would undoubtediv quicken the impatience of the monks for a removal. The 
 advowson of Whalley, together with a licence of translation, had been obtained from Henry 
 de Lacy by charter, dated at Pontefract, on the day of the Circumcision, A. D. 1283; but 
 Peter de Cestria, the long-lived rector, survived this transaction ten years, and, after his 
 death, the translation was delayed for three years longer;}; by the want of an appropriation, 
 
 * In their petition for tlie apuropriation. 
 
 -f Conch. Book, &c. For proofs of all these particulars, see the Computus of the House for the years 14*8 and 
 1521, whicli will be given in their place. 
 
 X The grant of an advowson to a religious house must be carefully distinguished from an appropriation, or 
 concession in proprios tistis. The former was merely a transfer of the patronage, and might be transaried witliout 
 
 licence.
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 63 
 
 for which the Bull of Nic. IV. and the subsequent ratification of the founder, were not 
 obtained till 1295 ; so that, it was not before the festival of St. Ambrose, or April 4th, 1296, 
 that Gregory de Northbury, eighth abbot of Stanlaw, and his convent, took possession of 
 the old deanery or parsonage, which was to be their abode during the erection of the new 
 monastery. 
 
 The following Inquisition, transcribed from an ancient copy, will prove the value of this 
 Donation, and throw considerable light on several particulars in the ancient state of the parish. 
 
 Inquisitio facta de valore et proventibus Ecclesie Matricis de Whalleia, et capellar' ejusdem, 
 
 die Veneris proxime ante festum Sancti Georgii, anno Domini mcc nonogesimo sexto, per 
 
 XXIV fide dignos jurat, et examinat. qui dicunt quod 
 
 Whallev.] — Decime Garbarum de Whalleia valent viii/. Item terra de D'nicis cu' fir' 
 ville VIII marc. It" Wysvvall valet ix marc. It' Coldcote valet xx*. It' Magna Penhulton 
 valet viii marc. * It' Reved valet ix marc. It' Symondston valet vii marc. It' Padiam 
 cu'-f- Whitacre valet xii marc. It'm Hapton et Bryddestwysell valet xii marc. It'm Alter- 
 agium dicte Eccl'ie valet xvi/. 
 
 Clyderuow.] — It'm Decime Garbaru' de Clyderhow valent xiiii marc. It'm Chatbo'n 
 valet VI marc. It' Worston valet vi marc, It'm Magna Merley et Parva Merley valet v marc. 
 It' Parva Penhulton valet xx*. It'm Alteragium ejusdem capelle valet iiii marc. | 
 
 DowNHAM.] — It'm Decime Garbar' de Downh'm valent x marc, cu' Twyselton. It'm Alter- 
 agiu' ejusdem capelle valet iiii marc. It'm terra de Dominicis de Downh'm valet i marc. 
 
 CoLNE.] — It'm Decime Garbar' de Colne cu' Alcancotes §, valent viii marc. It'm Folryg 
 valet VI marc. It'm Ferneside ]| cum Bernesete \\ valet iv marc. It'm Merclesden valet x marc. 
 It'm Parva Merclesden valet xla". It'm Alteragiu' ejusdem capelle valet x/. It'm terra de 
 D'nic' de Colne valet vns. 
 
 Brunley.] — It'm Decime Garbar' de Bru'ley valent xv marc. It'm Clivacher valet x marc. 
 It'm BrereclyfF valet in marc, et di. It'm Worstorn valet vi marc. It'm Extvvysel valet xl*. 
 It'm Habrincham valet viii marc. It' Hightenhull^ valet iiii marc. It'm Alteragium ejusdem 
 capelle valet xx marc. It'm terra de D'nicis de Bru'ley valet i marc. 
 
 licence, by a lay-patron ; the latter was an act of the ordinary, or sometimes, as in the instance before us, of the 
 Pope hinuelf, ex plenitiidine potestalis. During this interval of two years, as the monks never presented a rector, the 
 church must have been considered as litigious, otheruise the Bishop of Litchfield would scarcely have neglected to avail 
 himself of the lapse^ and the monks would have lost their turn and their translation together. 
 
 * The distinction between Great and Little Pendleton is now unknown, and the Vicar of Whallev receives the 
 alterage of both. Little Pendleton, which is here described as in the chapelry of Clitheroe, appears to be that part of 
 the villagt' in which the Hall is situated. 
 
 f Whiiaker, from which the Author of this Work derives his name and descent, is no longer an Hamlet under 
 Padiham, but is reduced to a single house — the ancient Hall. 
 
 X The omission of all mention of glebe in Clitheroe, proves that the glebe elsewhere mentioned in that place, 
 belonged to the Chapel of St. Michael in the Castle. 
 
 § Alcancoie» is in the same predicament ; no Hamlet, but a single gentleman's house. 
 
 II The name of Ferntbetc is lest. Barnside remains, like Alcancotes, in an ancient mannr-house. 
 
 %\ This proves that Ighten-hill is not extra-parochial, but merely an Hamlet, within Burnley. 
 
 Chyrche.
 
 64 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. 11. 
 
 Chyrche.] — It'm Decime Garbaru' de Cliirche valent ini marc. Ib'm Oswaldestwysell valet 
 VI marc. It'm Dukword valet ii marc. It'm Huncot valet vi marc. It'm Alt'agiu' ejusde' 
 capelle valet v marc. It'm terra de D'nicis valet xs. 
 
 Haslingden.] — It'm Decime Garbar' de Haslingden valent v marc. It'm Alt'agi'm cu' terra 
 de D'nicis valet iv marc. 
 
 S'ma ccxil. vus. * 
 
 Ad h' dicit Inq'sitio q'd octava pars Matris Eccl'ie de Whalleia et capelle ville de Cliderhow 
 et capelle de Dovvnh'm de jure et consuetudine p'tinet ad Eccl'iam de Blagburn, It'm ad alia 
 onera sustinenda et supportanda oportet invenire ibi septe' capellanos, viz. ad Whall', Clyd'hovv, 
 Dovvnh'm, Colne, Bru'ley, Church, et Haslingden, viz. unicuique capellano iiii marc, sec' con- 
 suetudine' patrie. It'm in Procurationibus D'ni Archiep' xl*. et in synodal' 111.S. It'm ad inve- 
 niend. pane' et vinu' nnnuati' xl*. It'm ad haec Abbas inveniet ibi xx mo'chos sc'm tenore' 
 Bulle sue cu' aliis ministris necessariis in Abbathia de novo constructa cu' aliis su'ptibu' neces- 
 sariis. Et licet ista Inquisitio capta fu'it ex mandato D'ni Archiepi' Cant' ut postmodum de 
 taxacio'e vicarie in certis porcionibus ordinaret; tamen hoc per ipsum non fuit factu', sed postea 
 per D'n'm Walt'um de Langton Coven' et Lich. Ep'm d'ca V^icaria fuit ordinata, videliz. Anno 
 D'ni Mill'mo CC'mo nonagesimo octavo. 
 
 Before we take leave of the original house, it may be proper to record the names of its 
 abbots, with the date of their respective deaths, which is all the intelligence that can now 
 be retrieved concerning them, excepting that, on the morrow of St. Simon and .lude, A.D. 
 1259, the abbot returned from the Council of London with the Bishop of Litchfield's confir- 
 mation of the church of Blackburn, and that their foundation consisted of 20 monks, the 
 expences of each of whom were estimated at v marks, or lxvi/. xiiia". ivd. in the whole. 
 
 ABBATES DE STANLAWf. 
 
 Dns. Radulphus, primus Abbas, ob. die Bart. A.D. 1209. 
 
 OsBERNUS, 2dus. ob. die Phil. Jac. 
 
 Dns. Carolus, temp. Joh. Scott. Cons. Cest. ob. 3 Non. Jan. 
 
 Petrus, ob. prid. Non. Mart. 
 
 Simon, ob. 7 Id. Dec. 1268. 
 
 RiCARDUs Thornton, ob. 7 Id. Dec. 1269. 
 
 RiCARDUs NoRTHBURY, ob. Ral. Jan. 1272, nocte circumcisionis. 
 
 * It might be proved, if necessary, that the Rectory was, at this time, nearly equal to the rental of the whole 
 parish : the reason of which is, that the tithes are a tax upon the actual produce, while rents bore a much smaller pro- 
 portion than at present to the real value : or, in other words, the tenant li.id a more and tlie landlord a less lucrative 
 interest in the estate. 
 
 It is remarkable that the altcragc of Whalley with Padihani, exceeded its present amount ; one reason of w hich is, 
 the vast numbers of shee|) and lambs which were not only tithed in kind, but paid a modus to the Easter Roll. 
 
 The expression of Abbatia de novo constructa can only be understood of some temporary erection for the accom- 
 modation of the Monks, as the present Abbey is unquestionably of later date. 
 
 •|- This catahjguc is transcribed from Bib. Cotton. Titus, f. ,3. 
 
 RoBERTUS
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 65 
 
 RoBERTUS HovvARTH, ob. 10 Kal. Mail. 1304, 
 
 having resigned the Abbey, and remained at Stanlaw*. 
 
 The names of the fraternity, at the time of their translation, were as follow: 
 
 1. Gregorius de Northbury, primus Abbas de Whalley, ob. Die Vincentii Martyris, 
 
 A.D. 1309-I-. 
 Robertus Haworth, quondam Abbas de Stanlaw, ob. 10 Kal. Maii, I304. 
 Fr. Thurstanus de Cestr. Prior, ob. Kal. Ma. 1296, et sep. est ante altare B. V. M. in ecc. 
 
 par. de Whallev. 
 
 2. Helias de Worksleigh, S.T. P. Abbas secundus, cess. ab. et ob. A.D. 1318, apud 
 
 Mon. de Baxley+. 
 Fr. Ricus de Preston. 
 Fr. Hugo de Hely. 
 Fr. Synion parvus de Smetlay. 
 Fr. Jobes de Hely. 
 Fr. Wiltmus de Cestri. 
 Fr. Rob. deToftes, ob. 1311. 
 Fr. Rog. de Melcz. 
 
 Fr. Wiltmus de Worbie de Leigh, sive Workesleigh ? 
 
 Fr. Ric. de Rodierd. Abbas de Cumbermere, ob. I316, sep. in cemiterio ab Whalley. 
 Fr. Ric. de Aston. 
 Fr. Johes de Buckclegh, al. Bulhaughe. 
 
 3. Joh'es de Belfield, Abbas 3tus. ob. 8 Kal. Aug. 1323. 
 Fr. Helias de Moston. 
 
 Fr. Wiltmus de Sesbroke. 
 
 Fr. Robtus de Werington Prior, ob. 3 non. Ap. I34S. 
 
 Fr. Wiltmus de Wicoe. 
 
 Fr. Adam de Lostokes. 
 
 Fr. Rob. de Midleton Prior. 
 
 Fr. Rog. de Bromburghe, ob. g Kal. Sept. 1339- 
 
 Fr. Ricus de Mottram. 
 
 Fr. Ricus de Wheatley, ob. I3 Kal. Ma. 1355. 
 
 Fr. Tho. de Upton. 
 
 Fr. Rog. de Frodsham. 
 
 Fr. Job. de Walton. 
 
 Fr. Warinus de Ones vel Ines. 
 
 * This ancient foundation, which, after the translation to Whalley, seems to have subsisted as a small cell down 
 to the general dissolution, is now merely a farm-house, the property of Sir Ferdinando Poole, Dart. ; and the demesne 
 belonging to it, a rich grass-farm, appears to be fertilized, rather than injured, by the periodical inundations of 
 sea-water, to which it is still exposed. The Abbot of Stanlaw was one of the spiritual barons who held under 
 the Earls of Chester, and sat in the little parliament of that Palatinate, of which there is a good view in King's 
 Vale Royal. 
 
 t For the seal of this abbot appended to a charter dated 1203, vide PI. III. No. 4. 
 
 t Boxley, in Kent. 
 
 K Fr. Rob.
 
 66 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. Book II.— Chap. II 
 
 Fr. Rob. de Buri, ob. 1311. 
 
 Fr. Ricus de Sution. 
 
 Fr. Hen. Stores worth. 
 
 Fr. Humph. Niger. 
 
 Fr. Tho. de Lene. 
 
 Fr. Rog. Pes Leporis*. 
 
 In all thirty-five. 
 
 Of these -f-, however, five were left at Stanlaw under the government of their old abbot, 
 Robert de Haworth ; viz. Upton, Frodsham, Walton, Ines, and Buri ; Sutton and Storesworth 
 were appointed to the care of the Grange of Merland J ; Niger and Lene were left for the same 
 purpose at Stayning's ; Harefoot, or Pes Leporis, at Staneye ; and Worsley was sent to pursue 
 his studies at Oxford, where he afterwards proceeded to the degree of doctor in divinity. 
 Twenty-four, therefore, remain, as the original convent of Whalley, a number too considerable 
 to be well acconnnodated in a single parsonage. 
 
 It is a matter of some curiosity to determine the site of the ancient deanery or parsonage 
 of Whalley ; for we are not to take it for granted that the abbey was erected on the precise 
 spot where the other had stood, as the monks were empowered by the charter of foundation, 
 " Monasterium in terra Ecclesiae de Whalley ubicunque sibi viderint exj^edire de novo con- 
 " struere et edificare." Now there is at the East end of the church-yard a very ancient 
 structure of wood and stone, surrounding a small quadrangle, the most ancient form of such 
 
 * The dates of this obituary are principally from a MS. Cotton Lib. Titus, F. 3. It is often difficult to trace 
 
 the parentage of monks, 1st, because they frequently dropped their family name, and assumed a local one ; and, 
 
 2d, because they were persons dead in law, and therefore never occur in wills or inquisitions, which might serve to 
 
 connect them with their father's houbc. But, in this investigation, one of the best rules is to seek for them, either 
 
 in the immediate vicinity of the Abbey, if it afforded any family or any place of the same name ; or, 2dly, among 
 
 the tenants and dependants of the house, though more remote. In order to illustrate this latter rule, if we attend 
 
 to the catalogue above, we shall observe, among thirty-five names, of which the rest belong piincipally to Cheshire, 
 
 five who appear to have been natives of the parish of Rochdale. The abbey of Stanlaw had, at this time, very 
 
 large possessions in this parish ; and appears, from many circumstances, to have been extremely popular among 
 
 the inhabitants. Again, the higher we ascend towards the origin of local names, the less they are ramified, and 
 
 the greater is the probability, that any person was really born at the place whose name he bears. Laying all these 
 
 circumstances together, we may, without much hesitation, refer Abbot Haworth to the ancient house of Great 
 
 Haworth, near Rochdale, which ended about thirty years ago in Radclyffe Haworth, LL.D. Fellow of All Souls 
 
 College, Oxon. ; the two Helys to the hamlet of that name ; John de Buckclegh, to the family of Buckley, which 
 
 may be traced up to a much higher antiquity ; and, lastly. Abbot John de Belfield, to the ancient stock of Belfield, 
 
 in Butterworth, then inhabiting the house so called, and which continued at Cleggsvvood, down to the middle of the 
 
 last century. 
 
 \ Cotton Libr. Cleopatra, c. 3. 
 
 X Merland, one of the earliest acquisitions of the abbey of Stanlaw in those parts, is a pleasant village about two 
 
 miles S.W. from Rochdale, with a mere or small lake of about seven Lancashire acres, whence it derives its name. 
 
 There is a tradition in the neighbourhood of Rochdale, that Gooselane was a grange ; the only foundation for which 
 
 seems to have been a resemblance of name to a place also belonging to Stanlaw and Whalley Abbeys, called, in the 
 
 Coucher Book, Gcelone ; but the arrangement of that accurate compilation proves the latter place lo have been in 
 
 the vicinity of Chester. — It may be vvortii observing, that tlie morasses about Merland affoided tlie last retreat, in this 
 
 country, to the black game. The mere abounds with trout, perch, and roach; and the village had once a chapel, 
 
 probably a remnant of tl\e Grange; and is thence denominated, in Speed's maps, A.D. 1610, Chap. Marland. It was 
 
 werlooked by Speed's predecessor, Suxton. 
 
 buildings,
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 67 
 
 biiildino-s, and still denominated the old hall. As therefore we have shewn the manor and 
 glebe of the deanery to be the same, or rather the one to have been swallowed up in the other, 
 and as the old hall of every village uniformly designed the manor or principal mansion-house, it 
 will follow that here was the primitive residence of the dean, and here the temporary dwellings 
 of the abbot and of his monks. I do not mean to affirm that the individual building now 
 remaining was the house in question; for it scarcely appears, from the style of the timber- 
 work, to be older than Hen. VII. but that the real parsonage of Whalley stood upon the same 
 site and bore the same name. 
 
 Moreover, this house, though immediately contiguous to the parish-church, had a domestic 
 oratory; for I find, in Dodsworth's MSS. V. 159, 97, that on the 4th Kal. Ma. MCCCVI. 
 the altar in the chapel, which Peter de Cestria had made in the manor of Whalley, was dedi- 
 cated by Tho. Bp. of Candida Casa (Whitern or Galloway); and that, on the festival of 
 St. Philip and James he celebrated mass, m pontlficalibus, within the convent of Whalley ; 
 that is, I suppose, in the above chapel. 
 
 But, to return. — The monks, who must have been much incommoded in their new habi- 
 tation, would naturally be anxious to provide themselves with better lodgings ; and therefore, 
 instead of increasing the number of their religious to sixty, which, according to the second 
 charter of appropriation by Pope (ioniface VIII. they were bound to do, we now find them 
 applying all their superfluous income to the erection of a spacious and magnificent abbey, of 
 which their own estimate was 3000^.* sterling, an enormous sum in those days. 
 
 Accordingly, the foundation-stone was laid on the morrow of St. Barnabas, I suppose 
 in the year of the translation, by Henry de Lacy in person ; and, in ten years from that time 
 the work was in such forwardness, that on the 4th of the Cal. Ma. 1306, great part of the abbey, 
 and the whole precinct, were consecrated by Thomas Bishop of Candida Casa, commissioned 
 by the Bishop of Chester -}-. 
 
 This fact will determine a question which has perplexed our writers on monastic anti- 
 quities ; namely, what parts of religious houses, besides the churches, were actually conse- 
 crated ; and it seems to have been taken for granted, that the chapter-houses and cloisters only 
 were hallowed, as the former were generally honoured with the interment of some great persons, 
 and the latter were the common cemeteries of the house ;{:. But it now appears, that the whole 
 close and precinct received a general benediction from the Bishop ; though the other parts of 
 the building, more peculiarly devoted to holy offices, received, no doubt, a more formal and 
 solemn dedication. 
 
 * Petition for the appropriation of the church of Preston. Coucher Book. — The average rent of lands at that 
 time was four-pence per Lancashire acre j but, as the intrinsic value of a penny in the reign of Edw. II. was neaily 
 three-pence, this is, in reality, about a shilling. Multijily, therefore, by thirty (as thirty shillings are about the 
 § average at present), and this sum amounts to ^.90,000. — But at that time lands were cheaper, in the true sense 
 of the word; that is, the tenant expected a lai-ger profit in his farm, probably by one half : divide, therefore, by 2, and 
 we have ^.45,000. — No extravagant estimate, if the parts which have perished were equal to those which remain. 
 
 t " A.D. 1306, 4to, Cal. Ma. consecrata fiiit magna pars Abbatiae de Whalley cum toto praecinctu, ab Epo. Cestri. 
 
 " Tho. Cand. Cas. vicaria dimissione sancta gerente in honorem Gregorii Papae et aliorum doctorum. Praes. Dno. 
 
 " Wm. de Leigh Abb. de Cumbennere, Dno. G. de Norbury Abb. de Whalley, Rob. de Werington Priore, Rob. de 
 
 " Topcliffe Subpr., Rob. de Midleton Celler., Robt. Talbot sen. de Blackburnshire," &c. Townl. MSS. — It may be 
 
 necessary to apprize the Reader, that the Bishops of Litchfield were frequently styled of Chester. 
 
 X Vide Fuller's " History of Abbeys." 
 
 § Much more )8I5. 
 
 It
 
 68 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 It may also be doubted wbat was meant by the terms great part of the abbey ; but I sup- 
 pose that in this first period of ten years the precinct was marked out and inclosed, and 
 some habitable parts of the building, at least those of more immediate necessity, erected ; but 
 the church and dormitory were not yet begun. 
 
 Abbot NoRBURY survived this dedication about three years ; and, dying on St. Vincent's 
 day 1309, was succeeded by 
 
 II. Heli.4S de Workesley, D.D. of whom it may probably be conjectured that he 
 was descended from a celebrated hero in the Crusades, of both his names, commonly 
 called Elias the Giant*, who was born at Worsley, and after many triumphs over the Infidels, 
 died and was buried at Rhodes. 
 
 Of this abbot we know nothing, but that he resigned his charge, and died, according to the MS.-|- 
 A.D. 1318, in the Monastery of Baxley, that is, I suppose, Boxley, in Kent. Colleges or abbeys, 
 during the time of their erection, require a man of business at their head rather than a scholar : 
 Worsley was probably a scholar, as he was certainly a student, and therefore would naturally 
 prefer a private station in another house, to unquiet pre-eminence amidst the noise of axes 
 and hammers in his own. 
 
 On his resignation, of which the precise time is not known, the convent elected 
 
 III. John de Belfield, in the beginning of whose government (A.D. 1316, as I presume 
 that Worsley had now resigned) so little progress had yet been made in the building, that we 
 find the monks still unsettled, dissatisfied with their situation, and calling upon their patron 
 for a second translation. The place, which heretofore seemed the great object of their wishes, 
 was now become " minus sufficiens, maxime propter defectum bosci pro meremio ad monas- 
 " terium suum de novo construendum, et alias domos suas faciendas, et propter defectum focaliae 
 " et etiam propter districtionem et insufficientiam loci ad blada et alia cariagia Abbatiae neces- 
 " saria !'' So different is the language of hope and of possession ! Inconsequence, however, of 
 these representations, which surely had no foundation, excepting in that part which related to 
 difl'iculty of carriage, the monks obtained from Thos. Earl of Lancaster, their patron and the 
 firm friend of their order, a grant of Toxteth and Smethedon, near Liverpool, accompanied with 
 a licence " ut inhabilitatem et insufficientiam loci praedicti fugiendo, monasterium suum ab eo 
 " loco de Whalley amoveant, et in dicto loco de Toxtath, ubicunque sibi viderint expedire, de 
 " novo construant et edificent." — Dat. in fest. Jac. A.D. 1316. 
 
 Wliy this plan never took effect must now be left to conjecture ; but as Worsley seems to 
 have resigned the abbey, and to have been succeeded by Belfield a little before this time, the 
 latter might prefer remaining in the neighbourhood of his friends and of the principal estates 
 of his house; and indeed a translation to Toxteth would have brought back many of the incon- 
 veniencies which attended the situation of Stanlaw. 
 
 About this time I am inclined to fix an undated transaction, which is recorded in Harl. 
 Lib. MS. 1S30, in these words ; — " 8 Id. Oct. Gilb. Ep. Suff Walteri Ep. Litchfield dedicavit 
 " magnum altare in Oratorio de Whalley V. M. et Omnibus Sanctis." 
 
 It was one of the offices appertaining to Suffiagans, to hallow altars. Walter Langton 
 became Bishop of Litchfield in the very year of the translation of this house, and died in 1322; 
 and the most probable account of this dedication seems to be, that, as the work had languished 
 
 * Lancashire pedigrees, MS. f Cotton I>ibr. Titus, F. 3. 
 
 under
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 69 
 
 under Abbot Worsley, upon his smrender, and upon the resolution having b^en formed of 
 remaining at Wliallev, the fabric was carried on with more spirit ; some of the habitable 
 parts of the hou.^^e were immediately entered upon ; the old manor-house or parsonage of Peter 
 de Cestria was abandoned, and therefore the domestic chajjel and altar, consecrated, as we 
 have seen, in 1306', ceasing to be convenient for the devotions of the convent, a temporary 
 oratory was erected upon some site immediately adjoining; for we are not to dream of the 
 high altar in tlie abbey church, of which the foundations had not yet been laid *. 
 
 A grant from Adam de Huddleton of his quarry, beyond the bridge of Calder, in Bil- 
 lington, dated 12 Ed. II. or I319, proves that the monks were at length setting about their 
 buildings in earnest-^-. 
 
 The year after, or I320, the Convent was visited by Adam, Abbot of Cumbermere, as 
 visitor of the Cistertian Order, when the stock and finances of the house appeared as follows: 
 
 Recept. de Mero a Visitatione 
 ad Vis. _ - _ 
 
 ccxcii/. xs. xd. 
 
 Porci utri usque sexus 
 
 Oves 
 
 This excess of the expences above the 
 receipt, seems to imply that consider- 
 able sums were now laying out upon 
 the buildings. 
 ccxi 1 In all, 800 head of horned cattle, and only 837 
 cxcix sheep, a verv extraordinary disj)roportion, and 
 
 MI especially at a time when so much more ground 
 
 xcvii V. lay in common than at present, 
 cxxxiii j Tlie wild cattle in the park, if any such there were, 
 
 cxix 1 are not distinguished in this account from the 
 i f 
 
 XXXIX J common breed. 
 
 IX 1 No draft-horses are mentioned in this account, 
 XV ! whence I conclude that the cartage of materials 
 XI I for the building was hired or given ; or, what is 
 XV J still more probable, performed by oxen. 
 
 This was pretty plainlv an herd of swine, kept in 
 the woods: they were far too numerous for the 
 farm-yard ; and, indeed, though the hog would 
 of course be put up to fatten at that time as at 
 "^ present, he was, in his general habits, more of a 
 wild animal than now, feeding, as his snout imports, 
 on roots, mast, &c. and very far from the tihhy im- 
 pounded glutton to which we have degraded him. 
 
 DCCCXXXVII 
 
 Exp. ab ead. usq. ad eand. cccxx/. xvi*. viikZ.J 
 Debita Domus in toto clxxviii/. xis. \ud. \ 
 
 L 
 Stauri boves 
 Vaccae - - - 
 Tauri _ _ _ 
 
 III Annor. 
 
 II Ann. - 
 
 Stirci - - - 
 
 Afiri utri usque sexus 
 Equi portantes 
 
 III Ann. - 
 II Ann. 
 Pulli 
 
 *Townl MSS. Ibid. 
 
 f lu ihe same \ear, or the next, the abbot and convent obtained Huddlcston's moi<'t', of the manor of Billington 
 from Thoiiias Earl of J.anca.«ter, subject to the life estate of Huddleton, which he had in the said moictj, by grant 
 from Hen. de Lacy. — The licence of mortmain bears date Nov. 10, 12 Ed. II. 
 
 It
 
 70 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 It farther appears, from the account of this visitation, that the house were indebted to riil- 
 bert de la Leigh c/. sterling, which they had been compelled to borrow, for the accommodation 
 of their patron, Thomas Earl of Lancaster. 
 
 This is the last transaction which occurs during the government of John de Belficld, who 
 died 8 Cal. Aug. 1323, and was succeeded by 
 
 IV. Robert de Topcliffe, who, in 1306, had witnessed the general consecration of the 
 precinct, being then a young man, and subprior of the house. 
 
 This abbot is memorable for having begun that spacious and magnificent pile, the Con- 
 ventual Church ; of which he laid the first stone on the festival of St. Gregory the abbot, 
 A.D. 1330*. This-j~ great work appears to have been slowly but regularly pursued ; for, within 
 fifteen years from its foundation, I find that John de Kuerdale, who had left lands to the 
 abbey of the annual value of five marks, was interred in the new conventual church;};. The 
 work, however, was not yet carried beyond the nave. 
 
 The stones, of which the church was constructed, appear to have been brought fi'om the 
 quarries of Read and Symondstone ; for Nic. del Holden and Joh. de Symondstone licence the 
 abbot and convent to dig for stone in Symondstone, profabrica monasterii sid, A.D. 1336. 
 
 John del Holt, of Read, granted a similar permission, in vasto de Read 7°. Ed. III. 
 or 1334. 
 
 This abbot, in the same year in which he laid the foundation of one church, contrived to 
 despoil and ruin another; for in 1330, by representing the necessities of his house, and the 
 immoderate endowment of the vicarage of Whalley, he prevailed on Roger, bishop of Litchfield, 
 to annul the former equitable ordination, and to substitute in its place a wretched appoint- 
 ment, which has starved the church from that time to the present §. 
 
 In the year 1341 we have the following curious account of the provisions of the house, from 
 a transcript in Harl. Lib. MS. 2062 : 
 
 Mem. fr. Wm. de Preston dimisit in officio provisoris conventus de Whalley feria III. in 
 capite Geminorum, A. 134 1, fratri Tho. de Routhcliffe succedenti eidem in officio pdic. viz. 
 ccccxxiv de duris Piscibus ; that is, stock-fish. 
 De Salmonibus Grossis xxriii. 
 De Halicibus mmm. 
 
 * Cotton Lib. Titus, F. 3. 
 
 t The importunity of the monks for contributions to carry on their buildings, is thus divertingly represented by 
 
 Chaucer : 
 
 " Give me then of thy gold to make our cloister. 
 
 Quod he ; for many a muskle and many an oyster 
 
 When other men have been full wele at ese 
 
 Hath been our food, our cloister for to rease : 
 
 And yet, unneathe the foundament 
 
 Performed is, ne of our pavement 
 
 Is not a tile yet within our wones, 
 
 We owen forty pound for stones. Sumpner's Talb. 
 
 These good men had not met with a Nicholas del Holden or John de Symondstone. 
 
 X It is also recorded, that the manor-house of Kuerdale was burned down the year following. — Ib'm. 
 
 § Vide Chap. HI. 
 
 1 Capulam
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHXLLEY. -71 
 
 1 Cajjulani de fruct. ; probably one basket of dried fruits. 
 
 Dr Carcosiis bovum vm petras i marc. 
 
 De Baconibus ii, . 
 
 De Caseo xxiv petr. 
 
 De Butvro 1^ petr. The proportion of butter is extremely small. 
 
 De Biis (Hacemis) xLii lb. The common word raisin is a corruption of raceme. 
 
 De Amygddlis Lxlb. 
 
 Ceparum mmm. 
 
 Ol. Ol. I lagen. 
 
 De Cumin iii lb. 
 
 Pip. I lb. 
 
 Saffr. I qr. et dim. 
 
 Abbot TopclifFe made considerable acquisitions to the estates of the abbey, was active in 
 recovering the chapel of St. Michael in the Castle, and seems to have been in all respects a 
 zealous friend to his convent. I have some reason to believe that he was a native of Billino'ton *, 
 and that he was the first monk admitted after the translation. He is said to have died 10 Ral. 
 March 1350 ; which date, if it be correct, will prove that he had resigned his charge; a fact 
 not improbable on account of his age, as he had been professed above fifty years. 
 
 However this may be, in the year 1S42 appears-|- 
 
 V. John Lyndelay, D.D.;}: of whose birth and parentage I regret my inability to give any 
 account, as he was a man who, for many reasons, ought not to be forgotten. For to his care 
 and industry we are indebted for the Coucher Book of Whalley, which is a complete and accu- 
 rate chartulary or transcript of evidences belonging to that and the parent-house of Stanlaw, 
 digested into twenty titles, every title referring to a distinct parish or township, and to the 
 title-page is prefixed the following inscription : 
 
 ^Sfi^a 31. ^. M). 3I>©I^aBB«E.€>. 
 Sfic libet fuit gcriptu^ tempore bans inemori.T iBagisitri %oi}. SlpnDcIap ^atrac paginse profe?"^ori^ 
 
 a. m€€€mvi%% 
 
 But there is also the strongest internal evidence to prove that he was author of that singular 
 and valuable tract, the Status de Blacfiburnshire, which has preserved so many particulars 
 of our parochial history from the earliest periods, namely, the origin and constitution of the 
 deanery, the state of property before the Conquest, the foundation of the dependent parishes, 
 and a number of circumstances, in attestation of which we have been enabled to adduce such a 
 body of external testimony. 
 
 * For there was a \\'iUiam de Topcliffe of Billington, who, in one charter, is called his brother; oi-, what is the 
 same thing, of John de Topcliffe, vicar of Whalley. — Townl. MSS. 
 
 t This is proved by the Following coincidence of circumstances : John del Clogh grants to Adam de Gristhwaite 
 and John de Topclifle, in trust for the abbey, 10th part of the manor of Reved, A.D. 1342. And in the Status de 
 BlackburnMre we are told, " Tempore Joh. Lyndlay, abb. loma pars manerii de Revard iidquisita fuit." 
 
 \ In the Tovvnley MS>. the name of this abbot is spelt Livesay ; which, had it been riglit, would liave left no doubt 
 with respect to his family : but, in an original charter now before me, the orthography is precisely as I have given it. 
 
 For,
 
 72 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 For, as this account is carried down to one of the first transactions of Lyndlay, it cannot 
 be prior to his time; and, as it contains not the most obscure reference to any thing of later 
 date, it must, by every rule of criticism, be held contemporary with the last facts which it 
 records. 
 
 This memoir displays, indeed, a measure of curiosity and intelligen e little to 1)6 expected 
 in that dark age and obscure situation. The latinity of it, though far from classical, is not 
 inferior to the style of the best historians of its time : the technical terms of canon-law, in par- 
 ticular, are apphed with strict propriety. But, as it has been proved to belong to that period, it 
 proves itself to belong to the place ; and, when these limitations have contracted our enquiries 
 to so narrow a compass, to whom can this germ* of the History of Whalley be with any 
 colour of probability assigned, but to the known compiler of the Coucher Book, the contem- 
 porary abbot, the accurate and industrious Lyndlay ? 
 
 Tiie first act which occurs of this abbot is the acquisition of a tenth part of the manor of 
 Read, in 1342 ; and the next, that of the manor of Choo, and the second moiety of the manor 
 of Billington. The latter of these was an object of great importance, both from its value and 
 its contiguity to the house. 
 
 In 1349, he, together with the convent, obtained a licence from Ed. III. ob majorem secu- 
 ritatem suam et domiis siice, quod ipsi EccVam et Clausum AbVie sttce muro de petra et calce 
 poss'mtjirmare et herneUare. — ^This was probably the part of the fabric completed under abbot 
 Lyndelay; for 13 years after, or in 1362, the provincial of the Cistertian order, at his perio- 
 dical visitation, releases the abbey and convent of Whalley from their rated contribution -|- 
 quousque ecclesia conventus sit perfecta, et simul dormitorium et refectorium, qu(s sunt tota- 
 llter construendce. The church |, we see, had been advancing very slowly, if at all, during the 
 last twenty years, and the refectory and dormitory were not yet begun. 
 
 In the same year'Ji Henry Duke of Lancaster, patron of the house, granted in trust to the 
 abbot and convent " 2 cottages, 7 acres of land 1|, 183 of pasture, 200 of wood, called Rommes- 
 " greve, in the chase of Blackburn: likewise 2 mess. 126 acres of land, 26 of meadow, 130 
 
 * It has a right to that appellation ; for the first idea of this Work was concei\ed many years ago in the library of 
 St. John's College, Cambridge, after a perusal of the Status de Blackburmhire, in the Mon. Angl. 
 
 t Townley MSS. 
 
 X In the tower of the church there appear to have been five bells, of which I met with the following imperfect 
 memorial, among the papers of my worthy predecessor, Mr. Johnson: — "Thomas Talbot, of Dinkley, A. D. 1515, 
 " gave to the steeple of Whalley one bell, called the mourning-bell ; the second was consecrated to St. John the 
 " Evangelist ; the third to St. John Baptist ; the fourth in honour of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin; the fifth 
 " to the Holy Trinity, and All Saints, and all Soids going out of this world. This bell was given by Wm. Redclitf of 
 " Wimbersley, who gave his body to lie at Whalley, if his dear wife died after him; but, if she died first, she might 
 " choose where she would lie, but All Sowls' bell towling for her at her departure, which was A.D. 1505. 
 
 " Roger Fitton, of Martholra, in Harwood, ga\e the third bell ; and Matilda, his dear wife, gave an acre of land, 
 " and other lands in Harwood and Billington, for good of her poor soul and her consort, to be prayed and sung for 
 •' in the choir. 
 
 " Also Roger Nowell, of Merley, gave xix acres of arable land, on condition that every priest of the said house daily, 
 " in the Canon of the Mass, should make special commemoration of the souls of his family, as well the dead as the 
 " living. A. D. 1'283. " 
 
 § Coucher Book ; from whence this indenture, in old French, has been transplanted into the Monasticon. 
 
 II Land, in the old law sense, is arable land. — Terra (says Sir Edward Coke, who always affected quaint etymo- 
 logies) (i terendo. 
 
 of
 
 Book II— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 73 
 
 " of pasture called Standen, Holcroft, and Grenelache, lying in the towns of Penhulton and 
 " Clyderhow, with the fold and foldage of Standen, to support two recluses in a certain place 
 " within the church-yard of the parochial church of VVhalley ; as also two women servants to 
 " attend them, there to pray for the soul of the said Duke, his ancestors and heirs, and to find 
 " them every week 17 loaves of bread, such as are usually made in the convent, each weighing 
 " fifty shillings sterling, and seven loaves of an inferior sort and the same weight; also eight 
 " gallons of their better beer, and three-pence for their food. Moreover, at the feast of All 
 " Saints, yearly, to provide them 10 large stock-fishes, one bushel of oatmeal for pottage, one 
 " bushel of rye, two gallons of oil for their lamps, one pound of tallow for candle, six loads of 
 " turf (no coal), and one load of faggots ; also to repair their habitations, and to find a chaplain 
 " to say mass in the chapel of these recluses daily, with vestments, utensils, and ornaments for 
 " the said chapel. The successors of these recluses to be nominated by the Duke and his heirs*." 
 
 This endowment was ample-, but turned out, as we shall hereafter see, more to the emo- 
 lument than either the credit or comfort of the house upon which it was engrafted. 
 
 Six years after this time appears another visitation by the abbot of Rivaulx, as deputy to the 
 provincial of his order; the result of which, I fear, will induce a suspicion that abbot Lyndlay 
 was more of a scholar than either a disciplinarian or ccconomist. For 
 
 f Recept. an. MCCCLXVI Dxxviii/. xa. 
 
 Exp. in eod. dclxxxi/. xvs. viid. 
 
 Recept. an. current, usq. ad>. 
 
 diem Visitationis, viz. diem y cclI. is. vd. 
 
 post fest. S. Petri ad Vincula J 
 Exp. in eod. ccccxxxviii/. 
 
 In ultimo computo debetur Duci Lane. 
 
 pro Capella Castri Cliderhow - cccl. 
 
 Diversis Creditoribus - - - ccxlvii^ vis. viiid. 
 Solvend. de pecunia recepta de> ^^^^ ^j^^ ^^^^j^^ ^f ^l^j^ ^^^j^,^ 
 
 Abb. de Cumbermere et aliis V CLXiii/. xii.. viud.J j ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ conjecture. 
 
 malefactoribus - - J L 
 
 Debita de claro - - - _ dccxv/. uis. ivd. 
 
 Boves - - - - c 
 Tauri - - - - 11 
 
 Vaccse - - - - xxx 
 Bovunculi et Juvenc. II ann. xx 
 Sturci - - - - XX 
 
 CLXXII 
 
 * This is a good specimen of English cEConomics 450 years ago : but the provisions vary exceedingly, both in kind 
 and in proportion, from what would be allowed in the foundation of a modern alms-house. Bread and beer seem to 
 have been intended for the principal support of these recluses. Even oatmeal pottage, the wholesome food of our 
 Lancashire peasantry, of which we have here the first mention, must have been a rarity, as one bushel per annum 
 would not have supplied a meal per day. Peat was the principal fuel, with a little wood ; no fossil-coal ; a very small 
 provision of oil for lamps ; and of tallow, little better than none. Hence I conclude, that the recluses must have been 
 intended to keep very early hours at night. But, from what follows in their history, it may be feared that some of 
 them loved darkness rather than light. 
 
 t Townl. MSS. 
 
 L Verveces
 
 74 HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. [Book IL— Chap. IL 
 
 Verveces - _ _ cclxxii 
 
 Ov. Matric. - - - clxxvii 
 
 Agni - - - - cvi 
 
 Affri ad grang. pro opere - iv 
 
 Monachi xxix. 
 
 De quibus in saeculariter evagantes. 
 Conversus i. * 
 
 From the increase of rents, and great decrease of stock, it appears that the monks had let 
 out a considerable portion of their demesne within the last forty years. 
 
 I have met with no other memorials of the house during the life-time of Dr. Lyndlay, who 
 sat at least 35 years, as he was alive in I377, but probably died soon after. 
 
 He was succeeded by 
 
 VI. William Selbie, Vicar of Whalley, of whom nothing is remembered but the name. 
 
 His successor was 
 
 VH. Nicholas de Eboraco, or Yorke, who occurs in 1392 ; and, by inq. appears to 
 have died 5th of Hen. V. or 1417. 
 
 He was succeeded by 
 -|~Vni. William Whalley, undoubtedly a native of this place, in whose time, after an 
 interval nearly of 60 years, we meet with another notice relating to the progress of the building; 
 for " in Vigilia Thomse Ap. A. D. 1425, intravit conventus de Whalley in novum dormi- 
 " torium ad noctem immediate post completorium;}: in ecclesia ab omnibus decantatum, insuper 
 " Dns. Wilhelmus abbas et totus conventus processionaliter stantes cantabant hymnum Te Deum 
 " et cantando Abbas indutus copa cum pastorali virga aspersit aquam benedictain in omnes 
 " lectos dorm i tori i ^." 
 
 This was a striking ceremony; and serves to show with what judgment and knowledge of the 
 human heart, the gloomy uniformity of monastic life was occasionally varied, by exhibitions cal- 
 culated to strike the senses and amuse the imagination. 
 
 It is not impossible that it might have a better effect that, as the hours of severest trial to 
 those who were debarred from the great privilege of their nature were to be passed in that 
 apartment, an awe, which, in superstitious minds, would long accompany the remembrance of 
 this outward sprhihling, might be an inducement, where purer ones were wanting, to keep the 
 heart sprinhled from an evil consciences^ : And, after all the outcry that has been raised against 
 ceremonies, in days of comparative darkness, a real use might thus result from divers washings, 
 and carnal ordinances, imposed on them until the time of reformation^. 
 
 The refectory, which, with the kitchens, probably formed the South side of the cloister- 
 court, now destroyed, seems to have been completed in the interval betwixt the year 136-2 and 
 1425. — ^The dormitory appears to have been the upper story of the Western side of the same qua- 
 drangle, which is yet remaining, and consisting of one apartment, at least 120 feet in length. 
 
 * The Conrersi were lay brethren. 
 
 f In the possession of Mr. Burret, of Manchester, is a genera! pardon granted to William, Abbot, and the Convent 
 of Whalley, dated at Westminster A. R Hen. VI. 3°. Tc^t. Job. Due. of DodFord, and counteisij:ned Clitherowe. 
 + The Completorium or Comfiline, in the Komish ritual, is the last part of the evrning-service. 
 
 § Harl. Lib. MS. 1830. || Hebr. x. ?2. H Hebr. ix. 10. 
 
 Abbot
 
 Book II.— Chap. II] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 75 
 
 Abbot Whalley survived the benediction of the dormitory nine years, and seems to have 
 devoted his latter days to the erection of the choir of the church, which, however, he did not 
 Hve to see completed, for he died in 1434*, after an active and useful presidency of I7 years. 
 
 Next succeeded 
 
 IX. John Eccles, who must have been an aged man at his election, as he was consider- 
 ably senior in order of admission to his predecessor. There can be little doubt that he was a 
 native of the town whose name he bore, and of which his house had the appropriation. This 
 abbot had the honour of putting the last hand to the fabric of his abbey, at least according to 
 the original plan-}-, after a period of 142 years from the first foundation; for, in I438, " in 
 " vigilia Omnium Sanctorum intravit conventus de Whalley in nova stalla tempore Johannis 
 " Eccles Abbatis;}:. 
 
 Notwithstanding this information, which I have no reason to think incorrect, the abbot's stall, 
 which, with great part of the rest, is still preserved in the parish-church, has the cypher W. W. 
 which undoubtedly means William Whalley. But the chronological difficulty may be obviated, 
 by supposing that the stalls had been begun in the latter end of abbot Whalley's time ; that the 
 abbot's stall had been carved first, and that the choir was not ready for them, or they for 
 the choir, till four years after, as the monks appear to have carried on their works with great 
 deliberation. 
 
 Indeed, a question naturally arises out of this account; namely, to what concurrence of 
 circumstances it was owing, that the completion of an edifice, of which every part was wanting 
 either for the accommodation of its inhabitants or for the pomp of worship, had been deferred 
 so long^. But the answer is obvious: the Abbey of WHialiey, with great revenues, was never 
 rich ; and though the monks had not only neglected to increase their number to 60, as they 
 were bound to do by the Bull of P. Boniface, but had even reduced their numbers beneath the 
 original establishment of 40 ; yet, from the two statements of their affairs which have been 
 given, they appear to have been usually in debt. Their founder had, indeed, bestowed upon them, 
 in addition to their other possessions, a valuable rectory and a rich and extensive glebe ; but 
 this was all : he permitted them to take possession of the old parsonage-house, and to provide 
 for themselves better accommodations at their leisure; and thus circumstanced, they judged 
 wisely, to adopt a magnificent plan, and to pursue it, though slowly, yet with uniformity, 
 rather than to disgrace themselves, and what they conceived to be the cause of God, by mean 
 and hasty erections. 
 
 But by what mismanagement, it will be asked, were their funds inadequate to the completing 
 of the present building in a much shorter period ? Perhaps, by no mismanagement at all. 
 
 The claims upon their hospitality were immense, and sometimes drew from them com- 
 plaints on a subject, which, to do them justice, rarely excited their murmurs without cause. 
 Hospitality was a virtue common to all the religious houses ; but the peculiar situation of 
 Whalley, almost at an equal distance between Manchester and Lancaster, in the centre of a 
 
 * The Lady Chapel, built by abbot Paslew, seems not to have formed a part of the original plan, 
 t Townley MSS. 
 
 X Harl. Libr. MS. 1830. — I now think that no more is meant by these words, than that the new stalls were 
 iubstituted to old ones. The choir itself appears to have been fiuished long before. 
 § It had not been wanting so long. — See the last note. 
 
 barren
 
 76 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II— Chap. H. 
 
 barren and inhospitable tract, and in the great route of the pilgrims* from North to South, ren- 
 dered these demands singularly oppressive here. Tlicir liberality in money was also great. — 
 The nobility and gentry of the county had corrodies or pensions ; the poor friars, the minstrels, 
 the officers of the Ecclesiastical Court in their visitations, and even the servants of ordinary 
 visitants, partook liberally of their bounty. Then agam, the most hopeful of their novices 
 were educated at the universities, and encouraged to proceed to the higher degrees, when 
 degrees cost at least half as much in terms of money as at present-]-. 
 
 Besides, their demesnes, though rich in pasturage, were not very favourable to the growth 
 of grain. The collection of corn-tithe in kind, throughout the greater part of their parishes, 
 must have been nearly impossible ; and the conveyance of the grain they were compelled to 
 purchase, extra patiiam, as they termed it, must have been extremely inconvenient, in conse- 
 quence of the state of the roads. 
 
 On the whole, it will leave no very unfavourable impression of the monks of Whalley to 
 assert, what may be proved from their accounts, that not more than a fourth part of their large 
 income was consumed in their own personal expences. 
 
 But these considerations will be more properly resumed, when we enter upon the subject 
 of their receipts and expenditure. 
 
 Of the adjoining hermitage, founded by Henry Duke of Lancaster, nothing has occurred 
 since the foundation ; but, in the time of abbot Eccles, an instance of misconduct, in a votaress 
 on this establishment, afforded a pretext, which may seem to have been willingly embraced, 
 for petitioning the King, who was now become patron, as Duke of Lancaster, to dissolve an 
 institution, which did no credit either to itself or the monastery on which it depended. 
 
 It appears, that under the general description of a recluse, votaries of either sex might be 
 included. Accordingly, King Henry VL by letters patent dated July 6, an. reg. 15°, nomi- 
 nated one " Isole de Heton de Com. Lane, vidua, quod ipsa pro termino vitae suae esse possit 
 " anachorita in loco ad hoc ordinato juxta ecclesiam parochialem de Whalley." This vow was 
 probably taken in the first fervors of sorrow, which soon wore off, so that the widow grew 
 weary of her confinement, and broke loose from her vows and her cell together. V'owesses like 
 these, who, under pretence of total solitude, were only exempted from the restraints of social 
 retirement, seem to have been, in general, a disgrace to their profession. Leland mentions an 
 anchoress " in media urbe (of the town of Wakefield) unde aliquando inventa fecunda;" and, 
 among some old charters relating to the parish of Rochdale, I have seen an attestation, fil'd 
 moniaiis (in the proper sense of anchoress) de Newbold. Nay, even among those females who 
 were kept under the stricter discipline of the cloister, many, it is to be feared, were little better 
 than these solitaries who kept their own keys ; and friar Wrath, the mischievous spy of Peirs 
 Plowman, would renjember many instances like that of dame Parnel;};, though he does indeed 
 hint that her misconduct stood in the way of her advancement. 
 
 * The niemioii of Pilgrim Cross, in Tottington, at once marks tlieir route and the frequency of their journeys. The 
 shrine of Becket, and of Our Lady of WaUingham, probably had many devout and idle visitants from the North 3 and 
 in the title De Bonis of the Computus A, 1478, is a sum charged as given " itinerantibus versus Jerusalem." 
 
 t In the Compotus of 1521 is the following entry: " Scolari ])ro gradu Bac." 9:6: 8.— which is almost equivalent 
 to .^.lOt) at pre,-ent. 
 
 X anlj Dame IPamc! a pripsts filf, priotea toaa e|)e nrtift, 
 ^01 oi)C Jan a cljirn in cl)etj time, all out tjjaptei jtrit toiat. 
 
 However,
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 77 
 
 However, the behaviour of this Isole, or Isold de Heton, occasioned a representation to the 
 kingj which contains the following passage * : 
 
 " TO THE KYNG OWRE SOVEREIGN LORD, &C. 
 
 " Be hit remembryd that the please and habitacion of tiic seid recluse is within place 
 " halowed, and nere to the gate of the seyd monastre, and that the weemen that have been 
 " attendyng and acquayntyd to the seyd recluse have recorse dailly into the seyd monastre, for 
 •' the livere of brede, ale, kychin, and other thyngs for the sustentacyon of the seyd recluses 
 " accordyng to the composityon endentyd above rehersyd : The wliyche is not accordyii'' 
 " (fitting) to be had withyn such religyous plases. And how that dyvers that been anchores 
 " and recluses in the seyd plase aforetyme, contrary to theyre own oth and professyon have 
 " brokyn ovvte of the seyd plase, wherin they were reclusyd, and departyd therfrom wythout 
 " eny reconsih'atyon. — And in especyal how that now Isold of Heton that was last reclusyd in 
 *' the seyd plase at Denoniynatyon and Preferment of owre Sovereign Lord and K.yng that nowe 
 " is, is broken owte of the seyd plase, and hath departyd therfrom contrary to her own oth and 
 " professyon, not willyng, nor entendyng to be restoryd agayn, and so livyng at her own liberte 
 " by this two yere and more like as she had never bin professyd. — And that divers of the 
 " wymen that have been servents ther and attendyng to the recluses afortym have byn misgo- 
 " vernyd, and gotten with chyld withyn the seyd plase halowyd, to the grete displeasaunce of 
 " hurt and disclander of the abbeye aforeseyd, &c. 
 
 " Please hyt your Highness of our espesyal giase to grant to your orators the abbat, &c." 
 
 This petition had the desired effect of delivering the abbey from the shame and vexation 
 occasioned by these disorderly women ; for, by letters patent reciting the scandals which had 
 been given by the recluses upon this foundation, Henry \T. dissolved the hermitage endowed 
 by Henry duke of Lancaster, his ancestor, appointing, in its place, two chaplains to say mass 
 daily, in the parish-church of Whalley, for the soul of the said duke Henry, and for his own 
 good estate while living, and on the anniversary of his own death for ever, ordainino- an obit to 
 be celebrated by 30 chaplains-|-. 
 
 Under the three succeeding princes of the house of York, it is scarcely to be supposed that 
 the latter condition would be performed, unless the monks of Whalley were bold and faithful 
 Lancastrians indeed. It might, however, be remembered after the accession of Henry VH. 
 who felt or affected great reverence for the memory of this blameless man ; and would, in all 
 probability, have obtained his beatification, had not the reigning Pontiff" (Julius II.) as Lord , 
 Bacon;}: observes, " been a man who knew how to distinguish between innocence and sanctity." 
 
 Of the house and chapel of these recluses nothing now remains ; but they appear to have 
 stood upon the site of those dirty cottages which defile and disgrace the Western side of the 
 church-yard §. 
 
 * It is now extant at Whalley Abbey in the old book marked A.C. from whence it was transcribed, in the begin- 
 ning of the last century, by Weever, and inserted in his " Funeral Monuments," p. 156 ; but he omitted to mention 
 the reception which it met with, and the effect which it produced. Indeed, it was a rejiresentation likely to interest 
 the chastity and ze.^l of Henry VI. and is far from conveying an unfavourable idea of the state of morals in the house. 
 
 t Coucher Book, ubi supra. + Life of Henry VII. 
 
 § These nuisances are now removed, at the instance of the Author, by walling-up the doors; which, till within the 
 
 last five years, opened into the church-yard, on the North and West sides. 
 
 Nothing
 
 78 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 Nothing farther is recorded of the administration of abbot Eccles, who died in the 21st of 
 Henry VI. 1443 or 4. 
 
 After his death is a succession of four abbots, in the space of 29 years, of whoai nothing is 
 remembered but their names, viz. 
 
 10. Ralph Cliderhovv*, vicar of Whalley. 
 
 11. Nicholas BiLLiNGTON. 
 
 12. Robert Hamond, al. Harwood-|-. 
 
 13. William Billington. 
 
 All, probably, monks names, indicating the places of their respective births. Next occurs 
 a man whose name frequently appears in the local transactions of those times. 
 
 14. Ralph Holden, elected the 11th or 12th Ed. IV. It is in the highest degree pro- 
 bable that this abbot was younger son of Adam Holden of Holden, and Alice his wife, daughter 
 of Wm. Holland of Heaton. 
 
 Adam Holden occurs in charters of the year 1411, and is known to have had a son, Chris- 
 topher, whose oldest son, the first of that name in the direct line, was Ralph, and probably so 
 called after the abbot. There appears also a Ralph Holden, of Aspden, in the year 1454^!, 
 who seems to have been progenitor of the Holdens of Chargeley§, but must have been too 
 young to have been ancestor of the abbot ||. 
 
 In the latter part of this Abbot's time, a great dispute fell out between the abbey of Whal- 
 ley and Sir Christopher Parsons, rector of Slaydburn, on account of the tithes of certain lands, 
 
 * The family name of this abbot was Sclater ; for there is a receipt, Townl. MSS. G. 20, from Joh. Pilkinton to 
 Rad. Sclater, Abbot of Whalley, for 6s. Sd. 6th Edw. IV. 
 
 1 1 have never met with any original charters of this abbot, who must have sat a very short time ; but in the 
 Townley MSS. the name is spelt Harwood ; which I am inclined to think right, as Hamond is no common name in the 
 North, and nothing is more probable, than that a native of the neighbouring village of Harwood should have become 
 a monk of Whalley. 
 
 X Townley MSS. 
 
 § John Holden, of Chageley, had a second son, Ralph, who is referred to in the Townley Pedigrees as living 12th 
 Edw. IV. ; and though he is not mentioned as Monk or Abbot of WhaUey, I think it most likely (on account of the 
 vicinity of Chageley to Whalley) that he was the person. 
 
 II At the inthronization of archbishop Nevile, 6th Edw. IV. the great Northern abbots sat at the second table, and 
 were arranged in the following order, in which, it must be understood, that they ranked by pairs : — 
 
 I. 
 
 Abbot of St. Maries, York. Prior of Duresme. 
 
 II. 
 
 Abbot of Fountaines. Abbot of Whalley. 
 
 III. 
 
 Abbot of Salley. Abbot of Kirkstall. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Abbot of Rivaulx. Abbot of Bylande. 
 
 V. 
 Abbot of Whitby. Abbot of Selby. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Abbot of Meaux. Prior of Bridlington. 
 
 The rank which these great ecclesiastics bore is strikingly displayed at this feast, in which the temporal barons 
 were placed at an inferior table. 
 
 called
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 79 
 
 called Hall Flatt and Countess Meadows, tog,ether with Slaydbiirn Mill, which, though not 
 included within the forest of Rowland, and actually surrounded, like many other small insu- 
 lated tracts, hy another county, were in fact ancient demesne lands belonging to the Castle and 
 Castle parish of Clitheroe. Some servants of the abbey, with Christopher Thornbergh, then 
 bursar of the house, at their head, driving awa)' a few tithe calves from these lands, were set 
 upon by a mob instigated by the rector, who, with dreadful outcries of fepll pc inonhc, jSlape PC monfi, 
 attacking the tithing party, sent them home cruelly beaten, and in very evil pligiit. Their 
 next step was to swear the tenants of these bateahle lands, upon the crosse of a groat, to pay 
 no tithes but to the rector, whose conduct, on the whole, appears to have been extremely 
 violent and unwarrantable. 
 
 This story, with all its circumstances, is most tragically and lamentably set forth by the 
 sufferers, recentibus odiis, in a memorial yet extant in the Coucher Book, and subscribed by 
 the abbots of Salley, Cockersand, &c. for the whole fraternity were up in arms at such an attack 
 upon the property of a monastery and the person of a monk. However, each party appealed to 
 his own ordinary ; and as it did not seem very clear to whom the cognizance of the cause apper- 
 tained ; whether to the Bishop of Litchfield, in whose diocese the abbey stood, or the arch- 
 bishop of York, in whose diocese the tithes accrued * ; at length, after much wranghng, 
 both parties agreed to refer the dispute to Edward IV . who, after an hearing before the privy- 
 council, determined it very rightly in favour of the house-|-. 
 
 This award was farther confirmed by letters patent of Richard HI. dated Dec. 3d, an. reg. 
 2''°. from which I transcribe the following passage, as a specimen of the language and ortho- 
 graphy of that tin)e. 
 
 " Wee thertore remembring wele that wee be thair founder and protector, by reason 
 " wherof wee owe to succor tham in all theyr rights, wole and charge you and every of you 
 " that unto tham in conytnuying tham in the same, yee be helping aidyng and assistvng to 
 " your powers. And in especiall our tenants of Boulond, that yee do pay the said abbot and 
 " convent as ye have done aforetyme after the tenor of the said jugement, havyng no consi- 
 " deracyon to noo awarde, bounde ne dome made contrary to the said jugement withouten assent 
 " and wyll of the said abbot and convent, and that yee ne faile to do the premissez as vee will 
 " avoyde our great displeasir." 
 
 Abbot Holden died in 1480, after having sat about nine years, and was succeeded by 
 
 15. Christopher Thornbergh, junior bursar of the house, whose activity and suffering in 
 the cause which has been related above, might possibly recommend him to this dignity, which 
 he enjoyed only six years ; and, dying in 14S6;{:, was followed by 
 
 16. William Rede ; so called, in all probability, from the neighbouring township of that 
 
 * Hence it appears that tithe-causes, in the 15th century, were cognizable by the ordinary. The Court of Exche- 
 quer is never mentioned. 
 
 t It is remarkable, that in an inspeximus of 7th of Hen.VII. relating to this cause, of which the original is now before 
 me, Edward IV. is styled Dn. Ed. nup reg. Aiigl. quart, but Richard III. Dn. R. ntiper de facto et non de jure reg. Angl. — 
 Surely personal resentment had its share in this distinction; for Henry VII. no more acknowledged the right of 
 E<Kvard V. on which the usurpation of Richard was grounded, than that of his father. It is curious, that this 
 appellation of kings de facto \\as applied by the house of York to that of Lancaster, but afterwards retorted. 
 X Couip. A. D. 14S7, ab IV. Rede prima. 
 
 name.
 
 30 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 name. His government began nearly with that of Henry VH. and ended about four years 
 before it : a period of great tranquillity, such as usually precedes a storm *. 
 
 On his decease, the convent elected their prior 
 
 17. John Paslew, B.D. whom his arms, lately remaining in the windows of the abbey, 
 prove to have been of the Paslews of Wiswall. I suppose him to have been son of Francis 
 Paslew, who occurs in charters about the year 14^)0. To him, or to his predecessor, Rede, is 
 to be ascribed that quadrangular building which the Assheton family chose for their habitation, 
 and which appears to have been the abbot's lodgings. I am induced to refer this part of the 
 abbey to so late a period, by some appearances in the wood-work, which, I think, were pecu- 
 liar to the reign of Henry VH. and the earlier part of that of his son. 
 
 To Abbot Paslew-}- also must be ascribed the new chapel of our Ladye of Whalley, referred 
 to in the indentures for erecting the North aile of Burnley church A. D. 1533 +, which 
 appears to have been building A. D. 152I, from a considerable sum charged in the compotus 
 of that year, projabrica ecdesice. Thus the first twenty years of this abbot passed like those 
 'of his predecessors, in the duties of his choir, in the exercise of hospitality, in attention to the 
 extensive possessions of his house, or in the improvement of its buildings ; but a storm was 
 now approaching, before which either conscience or bigotry prevented him from bending, 
 and which brought quick and premature destruction on him and his house. 
 
 The religious houses, in general, were now greatly relaxed in discipline, and many of them 
 dreadfully corrupted in morals. What was the state of Whalley, however, as no report of the 
 visitors is extant, must now be left to conjecture; but charity should incline us to think no evil 
 of an institution professedly religious, against which no specific evidence appears. 
 
 * The following contract between this Abbot and and Sir John Talbot, of Salesbuiy, seems to indicate that some 
 considerable buildings or repairs were going on in his time. 
 
 " This Indenture, &c. bearing date Jan. 28, 6 Henry VII. witnessyth that William, Abbot of Whalle)-, hath bought 
 " of Sir John Talbot, knight, a parcel of wood callyd Keytey-hurst, for which ye said Sir John is payd xviiiZ. The 
 " Boundes whereof begin at the great Holgh % standing in the Southe parte of ye wood witiiout Whitefcld Rawe, so 
 " following ye Rawe to Dinkelly Moor, and from, &c. &c. to Ribble Bank — then to Deidweynstobbe, and so following 
 " fro Deidweynstobbe uppe throgli the Wode, fro oke to oke, as they are markyd, and so following ye skirts of ye 
 " Hurst, fro oke to oke, unto the Holgh Sappeling, standyng in ye Southe parte aforesaid. Ye seid Abbot to have alle 
 " Wode within ye Boundys aforesaid, except Sappeling, Holyn, Ashe, Crabtre, and Haythorne, with', they be deid." 
 Townl. MSS. 
 
 t To the beginning of Abbot Paslew's time must be referred the following Memorial, written either by himself or 
 one of his monks, in the Leiger Book |1 of Whalley, out of which it was copied by Weever (Fun. Mon. p. 394.) : — 
 " A. D. MVCXIII. Hoc anno Jacobus Scotie rex in Borea triumphaliter ab Anglis intercmptus est: cujus Corpus, 
 " quum htec scripserim (quoniam membrum abEcclesia evulsura de hoc mundo abscesserit) hue usque in domo Carthu- 
 " siensiuni apud Rychmund mortalibus miserandum spectaculum inhumatum jacet — ' Qui videt testimonium peihibuit, 
 " et verum est testimonium ejus." — Lib. Monasterii de Whalley, in Com. Lane. — No very decent application of 
 the words of St. John. 
 + MS. pen. Auct. 
 
 § I liave long doubteJ the meiiiiriK of the words Holgh .ind Holgh Sappeling ; but am now inclined to think them synonymous 
 with Hag, ill the following passage of Lawsoii's " New Orchard and Garden, 1597," which I quote from Dr. Hunter's edition of Evelyn's 
 " Sylva," p. 476 : — " I see a number of lings; where, out of one root, j ou sh.ill see three or four pretty oaks or «sben, strait and 
 " tall." — I think the meaning is, a large old root, sending up several young stems. 
 
 II 1 have never seen this book. 
 
 The
 
 Book II.— Chap. H.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. ' 83 
 
 respect to his order; and he is supposed to have been interred in the North aile of the parish- 
 church, under a stone yet remaining*. 
 
 I'he attainder of ai^ abbot was understood, how rightly soever, by the crown lawyers of that 
 time, to infer a forfeiture of the house ; and accordingly, without the form of a surrender, and 
 without any provision, so far as can be discovered, for the remaining monks, many of whom 
 were probably innocent, the abbey of Whalley, with all its appurtenances, was instantly seized 
 into the king's hands ; and thus fell this ancient and opulent foundation. 
 
 More caution and less zeal might have prolonged its existence about three years, might 
 have secured a splendid establishment for the abbot, and competent stipends for his subordinate 
 brethren ; but the fate of Paslew was not unmerited : it was his duty to suffer for conscience 
 sake, but nothing can justify his rebellion. 
 
 Having thus closed the annals of the monastery, nothing remains, but that we record the 
 names of the monks, the extent and value of their possessions, the particulars of their expen- 
 diture, their successors in the site and demesnes, and the present state of their mansion. 
 
 The following catalogue, beginning with abbot Topcliffe, whom I suppose to have been 
 the first monk admitted at Whalley, is taken from an imperfect transcript out of one of the 
 abbey-registers, which appears to terminate before the year 150O, for it exhibits only four 
 admissions after Paslew, who became abbot in 1506, when it is scarcely to be supposed that he 
 was of less than 10 years standing; and the register itself will shew, that nearly one admission 
 took place every year. 
 
 Robertus Topcliffe, abbas 4tus. ob. 10 Kal. Mar. 1350. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Morley, prior. 
 
 Fr. Walterus de Cornubia. 
 
 Fr. Walterus de Sledmer, hospes monach. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Driffield, ob. 12 Cal. Mar. 1342. 
 
 Fr. Adam Gerston, ob. 1343. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Eccleston, 3 Id. Aug. 1346. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Preston, cellararius, ob. 1343- 
 
 Fr. Johannes de Glover, al. Glauster, 3 Kal. Ap. 1328. 
 
 Fr. Galfrid de Brockhall, al. Burchell, ob. Pr. non. Nov. I339. 
 
 Fr. Gilbert de Leigh, ob. iS Kal. Ap. 1336. 
 
 Fr. Robertus de Manchester, pr. Id. Sept. 1354. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Boulton, ob. Kal. Nov. I342. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Greenacres, ob. 6 Kal. Nov. 1353' 
 
 Fr. Robertus Stanfield, ob. pr. non. Nov. 1339. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Donnington, ob. 1338. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Boulton, ob. 12 Kal. Ma. 1322. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Barton, convers. ob. 133 8. 
 
 Johannes Lynedlay, S. T. P. abbas 5tus. 
 
 * TrafFord, abbot of Salley, the partner of his crime and of his sufferings, was executed at Lancaster two days 
 before. He was second son of Sir John TratFord, of Tmfford, and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Assheton, of 
 Assbeton.— Firfe Plate IV. No. 4. 
 
 Fr. Wil-
 
 84 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Banester. 
 
 Fr. Radulplius Pontefr. 
 
 Willielmus Selbie, vicar, et postea abbas Gtus. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Singleton, cloct. et prior. 
 
 Fr. Geoffry de Worston, convers. l6' Ed. III. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Biland. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Newton. 
 
 Fr. Adam Castleforth. 
 
 Fr. Roger Lyndlay, abbas de Cumbr. 
 
 Fr. Henricus Duffield. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Whitmore, interfect. sagitta 5 Kal. Nov. 135I. 
 
 Fr. Hugo de Bradeley, ob. 6 Id. 1532. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Stabulton. 
 
 Fr. Richardus Dower. 
 
 Fr. Robertus de Selby. 
 
 Fr. Johannes de Bedingjey. 
 
 Fr. Arnald de Embsay, prior. 
 
 Fr. Alanus de Salley. 
 
 Fr. Edmund de Bromehurst. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus de TopclifFe. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Pollard. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Boiling. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Baghill. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Halghton. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Normanvile, prior et vicar. 
 
 Fr. Lucas de Sevell. 
 
 Fr. Richardus Hertforth. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Burton. 
 
 Fr. Thomas de Halton. 
 
 Fr. Johannes de Ese. 
 
 Nicol de Eboraco, abbas 7tus. ob. 3 Hen. V. 
 
 Fr. Roger de An worth. 
 
 Fr. Johannes de Pontefracte. 
 
 Fr. Johannes ToUerton, vicar. 
 
 Fr. Thomas Blackburne. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Woodhouse. 
 
 Fr. Henric. Deyne. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Brotherton. 
 
 Fr. Thomas Ledes. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Otlaj\ 
 
 Fr. Dionysius Carleton, abbas de Halton, 
 
 Fr. Richardus Cliderhovv. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Ottrington. 
 
 l''r. Johannes
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 85 
 
 Fr. Johannes Bnrne. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Haiton. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Salley, prior, postea vicar. 
 
 Fr. Willielnius Hert. 
 
 Fr. Stephanus Brimstone. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Saintpole. 
 
 Fr. Thomas Shupton. 
 
 Fr. Williehnus Eastbie. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Butterie. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Ualton, al. Calton. 
 
 Fr. WiUiehiius Darvvyn. 
 
 Fr. Wilhelmus Knottmgley. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Foole. 
 
 Fr. Wilhehmis Hyde. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Hesketh. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Dorein. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Bradforth, prior. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Selbie. 
 
 Fr. Rogerus Sjmthay. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Thornere. 
 
 Fr. Henric. Bradforth. 
 
 Johannes Eccles, abbas g, oh. 21 Hen. VI. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Keleby. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Wederbie, prior. 
 
 Fr. Thomas Rigley, abbas de Cumbr. 
 
 Fr. Edwardus Steelton. 
 
 Wilhelmus Whalley, abbas 8, ob. 12 Hen. VI. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Ashton. 
 
 Fr. Laurence Rede. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Morwyke. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Preston. 
 
 Fr. Rirhardus Burghett. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Parish. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Moore. 
 
 Fr. Joannes Dovvnam. 
 
 Radulphus Cliderhowe, vicar, postea abbas 10. 
 
 Fr. Rogerus Norwyke, prior. 
 
 Fr. Thomas Harden. 
 
 Fr. Ricardus Neston. 
 
 Fr. I\ic(;I. Chatburne. 
 
 Kicol Billington, abbas lltnus. 
 
 Fr. Ricardus Masham. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Holden. 
 
 Fr. Thomas
 
 S<s HISTORY OF WHALLEV. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 Fr. Thomas Wood, prior. 
 
 Fr. Robertas Salley, vicar, de Blackburn. 
 
 Fr. Wiilielinus Ledes. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Whitaker. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Steresacre. 
 
 Fr. WilUelinus Diiikley, vicar, de Whalley. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Thornehill. 
 
 Fr. Rogerus Whitaker. 
 
 Fr. Thomas Brotherton. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Wakefield. 
 
 Fr. Robertas Burneley. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Forster. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Lyndsay. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Harden, 
 
 Fr. Rogerus D'Arcy. 
 
 Robertus Hamond, al. Harwood, abbas 12mus. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Croston. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Bolland. 
 
 Willielmus Billington, abbas I3us. 
 
 Fr. Richardus Scalez, jjrior et bursar. 1 484. 
 
 Fr. Edmund Whallev, 
 
 Fr. Milo Bradforth. 
 
 Radulphus Holden, abbas 14us, ob. 1480. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Walton. 
 
 Fr. Jacobus Lawe. 
 
 Fr. Lauren. Grinlton. 
 
 Fr. Henric. Hamond. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Wood. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Keppes, prior 16 Ed. IV. 
 
 Christopherus Thornbarr, abbas 15, ob. 1485. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Sniershall. 
 
 Willielmus Rede, abbas 16, ob. 1505 ve\6. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Cliderhowe, abbas de Hayles. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Standen. 
 
 Fr. Nicol. Forrt St. 
 
 Fr. Otvvell Whitehead. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Henthorne. 
 
 Fr. Radulphus Murton. 
 
 Fr. Nicol. Dovvncham. 
 
 Fr. Reginald Wood. 
 
 Fr. Edmund Choe. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Otes, prior. 
 
 Fr, Johannes Chutburne. 
 
 Fr. Jacobus
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEV. 87 
 
 Fr. Jacobus Diigdale. 
 
 Fr. ^\ iliic'liDus Forrest. 
 
 Fr. Heiiric-. Sallay, vicar, de Blackburn. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Seller, vicar, de Whalley, 9 Hen. VIII. 
 
 Fr. Johannes (iriniti^n. 
 
 Fr. Johannes F'orrest. 
 
 Fr. Kobertus Eddleston, bursar. 1521. 
 
 Fr. Jacobus Fontaine. 
 
 Fr. Thomas Chatburne. 
 
 Fr. Thomas Becrofte, oc. 1517. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Devvhurst. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Bancrofte. 
 
 Fr. Robertus Sudell. 
 
 Fr. Radulphus Walmsley. 
 
 Fr. Willielmus Preston. 
 
 Fr. Henric. Cowper. 
 
 Johannes I'aslevv, prior, postea abbas I7, elect. 1506 *. 
 
 Fr. Christopher Smith, prior ultimus-|~. 
 
 Fr. Rogi.-rus Cloghe. 
 
 Fr. Johannes Rede. 
 
 Fr. Milo Whitaker. 
 
 This register not having been continued to the dissolution, I can only gather a few scattered 
 names of those who were admitted at a later period. Of those who occur in the foregoing cata- 
 logue, Smith the prior, Sudell, and Chadburn, survived the dissolution. 
 
 The following are from later authorities. 
 
 Fr. Nicholas Downeham, bursar with James Fountain, 1509. 
 
 Fr. Richard Hill, bursar with Robert Ed leston, I521. 
 
 Fr. William Chatburne and John Chester, last bursars, 1537- 
 
 Fr. Lawrence Forest, procurator domus 153^. 
 
 Fr. Richard Mersden 1 536. 
 
 Fr. Rob. Parish, 1537:}:. 
 
 To these must be added John Eastgate and William Haydock, remembered only by their 
 tragical end : and, lastly, 
 
 Fr. Thomas Holden, younger son of Gilbert Holden, of Holden, Gent, who appears to 
 have been the surviving monk ; for I find, from his own papers §, that in 1534, being then an 
 acolyth, he received under the convent seal in the chapter house of Whalley, a title for the 
 
 * Johannes Paslew capitale fuit affectus supplicio, 12° Mentis Martii, A. D. 1536-7. 
 
 t Sept. July 5th, 1539, Dns. Chi istoferus Smythe quondam prior de Whailey. — Reg. Whalley. 
 
 X VVhase interment is thus entered in the Parif^h Kegister : 
 
 " 157*2. Roh'ius Paris, al's Birche, capellanus vet. de Wmsum." What is meant by Winsum ? 
 § Townley MSS. G. 16. 
 
 order
 
 88 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 order of subdeacon, addressed to Roland (Lee) bishop of Litchfield. In 1535, he received letters 
 dirnissory, and was ordained subdeacon " titulo nionachatiis Beatae Marie de Whalley," by 
 John, bishop of Sodor and Man. On the dissolution he appears to have retired to his native 
 place. In 1550, I meet with him once more under the title of Sir Thomas Holden, curate of 
 Haslingden; and in 1574, he was licensed to the same cure at the metropolitical visitation of 
 archbishop Grindall, held at Preston by the style of Thomas Holden, clerk, of sober life and 
 competent learning. How long he survived this last transaction, I cannot ascertain, for the 
 register of that place does not commence till the year 1607, and the records of the ecclesiastical 
 court at Chester have been searched in vain. 
 
 But it is satisfactory to have pursued this ancient stem to its last ramifications, and to have 
 found the surviving monk of Whalley, a protestant minister, thirty-seven years after the dis- 
 solution. Had he been aware, in his latter days, how interesting many facts which he alone 
 remembered would one day become, and had he, instead of a few meagre facts and dates 
 relating to himself, recorded the order and ceconomy of the house, the state of its buildings 
 when entire, the tone of morals, piety, and discipline, the intrigues which were carried on, 
 the personal characters of his brethren, the scandal conceived at the king's measures, the par- 
 ticulars of the pilgrimage of grace, the distress occasioned by the abbot's execution, the despair 
 of age and helplessness when driven to penury in a world which had forgotten them, the exul- 
 tation of youth when restored to liberty and domestic comforts, yet the melancholy with which 
 all must have beheld their noble retreat in solitude and ruin ; what a treasure would such a col- 
 lection of anecdotes and reflections have been at present! But it would probably have required 
 a mind more curious and comprehensive than that of Fr. Thos. Holden. 
 
 The state of their receipts and expenditure will best appear by placing the annual computus 
 of two diflferent periods in opposite columns, so that a comparison of each may be formed by 
 carrying the eye from line to line. 
 
 Compotus fratrum Johannis Kypas et Chris- 
 topher Thornbergh burs, de Whallev, A. D 
 MccccLxxviii. ncc non anno Radulphi Hol- 
 den abb. vii". 
 
 Compotus fratrum Rob. Edelstone et Rio. Hill, 
 burs, de Whalley, A. D. mdxxi. et anno Dni. 
 Jo. Paslewe, abb. xv. 
 
 IN SPIRITUALIBUS. 
 
 REC. ECCLESIARUM *. 
 
 P. ecclesia de Whalley cum capellis-}- 
 
 cxxix/. mis. uud. 
 P. ecclesia de Blacburne lxxxix/. xvi.9. ixJ. 
 
 RECEPT. ECCLESIARUM. 
 
 Pro ecc. de Whalley cum capellis 
 
 ccxxviii/. XI*. viiul. 
 De Blakeburne - _ _ cxxxiii/. is. 
 
 * The former of tliese accounts is transcribed fi-om an original roll, written upon a very large sheet of parchment, 
 with the title and initials beautifully tricked by a pen. The latter is from a copy in the Marl. Library, MS. IV'G'Z — 4. 
 
 t In this interval of 4'2 or 43 years, we Bnd the income of the house arising from spiritualities neaily doubled. The 
 proportions paid by the several chapelries within Whalley in 1536, were these : ^. s. d. 
 
 Whalley, including Padiham, cum stij) sane. np. Whalley et slip. S. Leonard de Padiham 39 8 5 
 Cljderhow cum stip. sch. Martini f!e Chadburn - - - - - 13 04 
 
 Downham cum slip. sti. Leonard et al. - - - - - - 18 O 
 
 Colne
 
 Book II. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 89 
 
 P. ecclesia de Rachdall - - lxiv/. 
 
 P. ecclesia de Eccles ") , , , 
 
 , , TA f Lxxiii/. XVII5. va of). 
 
 P. capella de Deyn J 
 
 Sum. - 
 
 cccLvi/. xvii.y. vd. oh. 
 
 REX FIRMAR. 
 
 Pro Cestria - 
 P. Staney 
 P. Willaton - 
 P. Aston 
 De Acton - 
 De Mol. ibm. 
 De Decimis, ibm. 
 De Turbaria, ibm. 
 De Piscaria, ibm. 
 De \V eryngton 
 De Denton 
 De Garston 
 De Akebergh 
 De Croenton 
 De Alt - 
 De Chyldvvall 
 De Wygan 
 De Stanynges 
 De Orreo, ibm. 
 De Mol. ibm. 
 
 XVIIA-. ivd. 
 
 xxl. 
 
 Lius. ivd. 
 
 viii/. xv*. i\d. 
 
 Xiv/. VIKS-. ivd. 
 
 XXVI*. viiirf. 
 
 xs. 
 
 XXS'. 
 XXX*. 
 
 II*. 
 
 xud. 
 
 LUIS. ivd. 
 
 XXVI*. Vlllrf. 
 
 XVIIl/. 
 
 L*. 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 vl. 
 
 Xllrf. 
 XX*. 
 
 De Eccles et de Deyne cxix/. x*. iv^. ob. * 
 De Rachdall cum capellis - cxi/. id. -\- 
 
 Sum. totalis Spir. dxcii/. hi*, id. ob. 
 
 IN TEMPORALIBUS. 
 
 Recept. 
 
 Firmarum pro Cestria - i/. x*. viiirf. 
 
 P. Staney ----- xx/. J 
 
 P. Willaton - - - ii/. xiii*. ivd. 
 
 P. Aston - _ - villi. XV*. viiirf. 
 
 P. YItley inclus. in pare, de Dutton - i*. 
 
 P. Molendino, ib. 
 
 P. Decimis, ibm. 
 
 P. Turbaria, ibm. 
 
 P. Piscaria, ibm. 
 
 P. Croenton 
 
 P. Molend. ibm. 
 
 P. Denton - _ _ 
 
 P. Garstan _ _ - 
 
 P. Akeberg 
 
 P. Waryngton 
 
 P. Wygan - _ _ 
 
 P. Alt - 
 
 P. Childwall 
 
 P. Stanyngs - - _ _ _ y/. 
 
 P. Orreo, ibm. -' - . _ jg^ 
 
 il. VI*. Vine?. 
 
 X*. 
 
 - il. 
 
 ll. X*. 
 
 XVIIl/. IV*. 
 
 XVIII*. 
 
 I*. 
 
 III. XIII*. IV«?. 
 
 ll. VI*. Hid. 
 
 VIII*. 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 111. XIII*. ivd. 
 
 Colne ------ 
 
 Brunley cum stip. sanctorum . - , 
 
 Church et Ahham cum stip. sanct. 
 Haslingden . - . - - 
 
 PBowland 
 I Penhull 
 r\ Tiawdcn 
 
 Rossendale stip. sanctorum. 
 
 £. s. 
 
 31 17 
 50 
 
 Cap. Cast, de Clyderhow ■ 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 4 10 
 6 4 
 
 -Ightenhill Park de perq. capelli. 
 From a MS. remaining in the Augmentation office 1635, but transcribed into the Townley MSS. 
 
 * Deane, anciently, at the appropriation styled capella de St. Maryden, seems to have become in this interval a 
 jiarish church, as it is at present. 
 
 t Rochdale, besides the ancient chapel of Saddleworth, seems to have had now Todmorden, Littleborough, which 
 was licensed for mass in 147<>, and Milnrow, all erected since the year 1400, as none of them are mentioned in the 
 confirniation of archbishop Arundel. 
 
 X These farms appear to have been let out upon a long lease, which accounts for the identity of the rents in the 
 two columns. They were the original endowment of Stanlaw abbey. 
 
 N De
 
 so 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 De Merton . - - 
 
 x.v. 
 
 P. Mol. ibm. il. 
 
 De Caileton . - - 
 
 xvind. 
 
 P. Merton ----- x*. 
 
 De Banckhouse 
 
 ivd. 
 
 P. Carlton i*. vid. 
 
 De Edylsvvyke 
 
 uis. ivd. 
 
 P. Ethilleswyke . _ _ ms. ivd. 
 
 De Preston _ - - 
 
 us. 
 
 P. Bankhouse _ _ _ _ iv*. 
 
 De Dutton 
 
 IV*. 
 
 P. Maunton _ _ _ xvi/. xviii*. 
 
 De Ribylcester 
 
 II*, id. 
 
 P. Federfortlie _ _ _ xiii*. ivd. 
 
 De Edysford 
 
 XLS. 
 
 P. Placea Alice Morell - - iii*. ivd. 
 
 De Wadyngton 
 
 us. 
 
 P. Swynton - - _ _ iv/. vii*. 
 
 De Clyderhowe 
 
 VIIl/. KllS. 
 
 P. Gadiswalhede - - vi/. xvi*. viiid. 
 
 De Standen _ - _ 
 
 ivl. XIII*. ivd. 
 
 P. Wolden _ - _ ix/. m*. ivd. 
 
 De Hulcroft 
 
 XXI*. Vlllrf. 
 
 P. Haghton - - _ _ n/. xiv*. 
 
 De Coldcoates 
 
 iv/. ynid. 
 
 P. Mol. de Hulcroft - in*, ivd. 
 
 De Wysewall 
 
 Xll. 
 
 P. Rypall and Westwode - - i/. v*. 
 
 De Revede _ - _ 
 
 XII*. 
 
 P. Westslakks ----- i/. 
 
 De Cowhope and Brendvvood 
 
 - v/. 
 
 P. Norwico * - - - ii/. XIII*. ivd. 
 
 DeRoclyffe - 
 
 Lin*, ivd. 
 
 P. Rachdalc-f- - - xxiv/, xviii*. ivd. ob. 
 
 De Whitworth 
 
 VIl/. X*. 
 
 P. Whitworthe-j- - - xivl. xixs. iid. 
 
 De Rachdale - - - 
 
 XXI i/. X*. i^. ob. 
 
 P. Cowop-}- and Brendwode - - vi/. 
 
 De Mawnton 
 
 Xll. XIII*. viud. 
 
 P. Mol. ibm. ----- i/. 
 
 De Federfoith 
 
 XIII*. ivd. 
 
 P. Roclyff - - - III, XIII*. ivd. 
 
 De Swynton - - - 
 
 IV*. viirt'. 
 
 P. Stanworth - - - m/. vi*. viiid. 
 
 De Gadwalshede 
 
 iv/. XVI*. Sd. 
 
 P. BrendscoUes - _ - - n/. 
 
 DeWolden 
 
 vf. Ill*, ivd. 
 
 P. Wheelton and Withynhill - - vni*. 
 
 De Halghton 
 
 LIV*. 
 
 P. Witton - - - III. XIII*. ivd. 
 
 De Molend. de Hulcroft 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 P. Romesgreve - _ _ - iv/. 
 
 Lyrepul and Westwode 
 
 XXV*. 
 
 P. Brunley - - - - i/. xiv*. 
 
 De Brendscoles - - - 
 
 XXXIII*. ivd. 
 
 P. Ribchester - - _ - n^, id. 
 
 De Weleton and Withinhall 
 
 VIII*. 
 
 P. Dutton ----- IV*. 
 
 De Stanworth 
 
 III/. VI*. Vlllrf. 
 
 P. Edisforth ----- III. 
 
 De Why ton _ _ _ 
 
 XLVi*. vind. 
 
 P. Wadyngton - _ _ _ u^. 
 
 De Romesgreve 
 
 iv/. 
 
 P. Placea quondam Johannis Clyderhowe iv/. 
 
 De Byllyngton - xxxvii/. xvili*. xd. 
 
 P. Preston _ _ - _ _ u^. 
 
 De Yltley in pare, de Dutton 
 
 inclus. xiid. 
 
 P. Clyderhowe - _ - viii/. xii*. 
 
 De Wcstslakes 
 
 XX*. 
 
 P. Baldvvynhill - - - i/. vi*. viiirf. 
 
 De Baldwynshill 
 
 xxii*. Hid. 
 
 P. Standen - _ - iv/. xiii*. ivd. 
 
 De Norwyco 
 
 XX*. 
 
 P. Hulcroft - - - i/. I*, viiid. 
 
 De Brovvniav - - _ 
 
 XXXIV*. 
 
 P. Coldcoates - - - iv/. i*. vid. 
 
 De Placea Alice Morell 
 
 III*. i\d. 
 
 P. Wyswell . - - vi/. viiirf. 
 
 * That is Northwich. Here ends the rental of the Cheshire estates originally belonging to Stanlaw. 
 
 f The rental, therefore, of these large estates, which incliuled Castleton and Merland, amounted to 45/. I7s. 6d. 
 which, if multiplied by 100, would probably not exceed the piosent value, — a decisive proof of a fact generally taken 
 for granted, that the monks were good landlords, as the rack rent of lands in Henry Vlllth's time may be averaged at 
 a thirtieth of their present value. Much, however, is to be allowed for subsequent inclosures and improvements. 
 
 De
 
 Book II. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 
 
 91 
 
 De Placea Johannis Clyderhowe - iv/. 
 
 De Servitio de Byllyngton - xxvi*. viud. 
 De Servitio de Coldcoates, Wyswale, 
 
 and Asterlee - - - . \s. 
 
 Sum. tot. 
 
 ccxl/. xiiA'. ixd. ob. 
 
 DE PERaUISITIS. 
 
 De Stipite See Marie-}- 
 
 u.y. \ud. 
 
 P. Rede 
 
 P. Byllington 
 
 P. Servitiis ejusdem 
 
 P. Parv. Harwode 
 
 P. Newfeld and (irenefeld 
 
 P, Harrowsbanks in Duttou 
 
 P. Calfhagh in Chatterton 
 
 P. Smarshall Place in Rede 
 
 P. Terra Jacobi Garth syde 
 
 P. Halstydds in Rachedall 
 
 P. Clayton sup. Moras 
 
 P. Peiihulton 
 
 P. Bagsladhe}' in Rachdale 
 
 P. Molend. de Rossyndale 
 
 P. Grenewarth apud Stanlaw * 
 
 P. RoclyfFswood in Rossyndale 
 
 P. Mol. de Coptrode 
 
 - 
 
 xii.y. 
 
 xxxv/. 
 
 XVII5. VI^. 
 
 l/. 
 
 VIS. Vlllf/. 
 
 iv/. 
 
 XIII5. ivd. 
 
 - 
 
 111. 
 
 - 
 
 ml. 
 
 - 
 
 vid. 
 
 - 
 
 \l. 
 
 - 
 
 ins. ivd. 
 
 - 
 
 IS. 
 
 - 
 
 xs. 
 
 - 
 
 XIII*. ivd. 
 
 - 
 
 ins. ivd. 
 
 - 
 
 il. vs. 
 
 * III. 
 
 VIS. viiid. 
 
 le - 
 
 xs. 
 
 - 
 
 Ills. ivd. 
 
 Sum. tot. 
 
 ccLxxxi/. VII*. xd. ob. 
 
 DE PERaUISITIS. 
 
 p. Stipite See Marie-|- et Sci Hen. 
 
 apud Capeliam _ . _ i^-. yirf. 
 
 • Probably a new improvement, and therefore not included in the old rental. 
 
 f Here is a very curious fact ; lo account for which, let it be obsened, that, in the Compotus of 147S, this article 
 stands pro Slip. See. Marie, and in that of 1521, p. Slip. Sc. Mar. et Sci. Hen. ap. Capeliam. How is this difference to be 
 accounted for ? 1st, These were offerings, in the former account, at the high altar, which was tlien the altar of the 
 Virgin Mary ; but we have already seen, that in Abbot Paslew's time a Lady Chapel was erected contiguous to the 
 Abbey Church; so that our Lady, in this interval, had changed her lodgings, and was become Si. Maria apud Capeliam. 
 So far all is clear. But who is St. Henry, who had the high honour of being associated with the Virgin in her own chapel ? 
 The name, as far as I know, is not to be found in the Romish calendar. On this subject, therefore, I can only hazard 
 a conjecture, of which those who are better skilled in the rituals of that Church than myself will judge for themselves. 
 King Henry VI. as we have before obser\ed, at the dissolution of the adjoining hermitage, converted that foundation 
 into a chantry of two priests, to ting for his good estate while living, and for the soul of Henry Duke of Lancaster, 
 the founder, and to celebi-ate his own obit yearly, with 30 chaplains. — I have also conjectured that this appointment, 
 tliough it would be overlooked in the reigns of the Line of York, would probably be remembered and put in execution 
 after the accession of Henry Vll. Accordingly, we find no mention of it in 1478, which is the ISth of Edw. IV. ; but, 
 at a period subsequent to the restoration of the Lancastrian house, here is actually a Stipes S'cti Henrici, whatever may 
 be the meaning of the words. The only conjecture, therefore, which I can offer, is this ; that though Henry VI. was 
 ne\er regularly canonized, yet the monks of W'halley, who were zealous partizans of his house, and probably also 
 great admirers of his virtues, disappointed by the reserve or by the rapacity of Julius II. ventured upon an act of private 
 and voluntary beatification, and erected a St. Henry for themselves. Were the name of Henry to be found in the canon, 
 my conjecture, of course, would fall to the ground ; but, as that is not the case, the pious and royal patron of Whalley 
 has the fairest claim upon this hitherto unappropriated honour. — Since the foregoing remarks were written, I have 
 the satisfaction of finding my conjecture established by the following proofs; — Henry VI. was actuallv adored at 
 Windsor, by the name of Holy King Henry. Stowe's Ann. p 424. There is also a prayer addressed to Henry VI. in 
 the " Horse B. V. M. in usum Sarum," printed by \S'ynkyn de VVoi'de, A.D. l.'jf)^. See '* Goiigh's Spiiulehral Monu- 
 " mciits," Viil. n. p 'iz:,. 
 
 De
 
 92 
 
 HISTORY OF MHALLEY. 
 
 [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 iv/. 
 
 xs. 
 
 XLS. 
 XL*. 
 
 De Sigisterio* - - - xxxiii*. ivd. ' 
 De Agistamento jEstiv. - - - xl*. j 
 
 De Agist. Yeinali _ . - - l*. 
 
 De Superexcresc. in offic. Cellar. xxu. vnd. 
 De Superexcr. in off. Subcellar. i\7. viii*. id. 
 De mensa Vicarii -^ - 
 De eodeni pro pane et vino 
 De eodem pro ort. et vacca 
 De mensa Ric. Trygge capelli 
 De mensa Wil. Thornb. capuU. 
 DeTannariaj - - nil. vis. viud. 
 
 De Pellibus bourn et vaccarum - ivl. xnis. 
 De Corticibus arborum - - \'i*. viiid. 
 De Amerciani. curie - - xiii*. nd. 
 
 De terris R. CundclyfFe, vide Brodmede 
 
 et Grenehey - _ _ _ xla. 
 De Duscroftes r § - - - - xii*. 
 De Servitio ux. Rob. Wode - vi*. vine?. 
 De ter. nob. dimiss. per Jac. Marshall in/. vii.$. 
 De mensa Ric. Caterall - - - ls. 
 De off. Bail. Wapent^ _ _ _ xl*. 
 
 Sum. 
 
 S. tot. Rec. 
 
 XXXIX/. XIXA-. lid. 
 DCXXXVIl/. XI*. id. 
 
 P. Sigistio 
 
 P. Agistamentis aestivis 
 
 P. Ag. Yemalibus 
 
 i/. XIII*. ivd. 
 
 l/. IV*. 
 ill. XIV*. 
 
 P. Superexcrescentiis officii Subcelle- 
 
 rarii - - - - vii/. ii*. viid. 
 P. Superexcr. off. Cellerarii - ul. xv*. ud. 
 P. mensa ^^icarii if ~ ' '^^- ^m*- iv<f. 
 P. eod. pro pan. et vino - i/. vi*. \iiid. 
 
 P. eod. pro orto et vacca - - - x*. 
 
 P. Tannaria^ _ _ - uil. vis. viiirf. 
 
 P. Pellibus bov. et vacc. - - ivl. x*. 
 
 P. Cortice arb. - _ _ _ y*. 
 
 P. Amerciani. cur. - _ _ xiii*. ivd. 
 
 P. Orto et Stabul. - - - . y*. 
 
 P. Rydds venditis apud Wyllaton || il. vis. viiid. 
 P. Nova Clausura apud Romesgreave - ivl. 
 P. Ter. Rob. Cundclyff per forisfac- 
 
 turam _ _ _ i^g. viiid. 
 
 Sum. ** 
 S. tot. Rec. 
 
 XXXI V/. II*. ixrf. 
 DCCCCLVIl/. II*. ixd. 
 
 * Sigisterio, Sigistio. I once conjectured that the first word, of which the reading is very clear in the original 
 roll, was a contraction of Sigillisterio ; as the sealings in colleges, at present, afford a considerable emolument to the 
 senior fellows. But as these must necessarily vary, according to the number of leases sealed, and the sum charged in 
 these two distant years is exactly the same, I must leave the word to future enquiry and better information. 
 
 t In the charge for the Vicar's table, who appears to have lived a sort of fellow-coramoner in the house, it is 
 remarkable, that the sum is diminished in the latter account. He probably sat at tlie Monks' table ; and the two Chap- 
 lains, who possibly served the N. and S. altars in the parish-church, were in lower commons, with the Novices. 
 
 X De Tannaria. The later of these aceoimts, it must be recollected, was before the statute 21 Henry VIII. which 
 forbad priests, whetlier secular or regular, to engage in such base employments. Of these monkish tanneries it is 
 observed by the witty Dr. Fuller, " Tliat though the monks themselves were too fine-nosed to dabble in tan-fets, yet 
 " they kept others (bred in tliat trade) to follow their work. Tliese convents having bark of their own woods, hides of 
 " the cattle of tlieir own breeding and killing, and, which was the main, a large stock of money to buy at the best 
 " hand, ami to allow such chapmen they sold to, a long day of j)ayment, easily eat up such who were bred up in that 
 "vocation." History of Abbeys; Church Histoiy, p. 2S2. 
 
 § What place is meant by Duscroftes 1 know not, but it is pretty evidently the reading in the original roll. 
 
 II Rydds. The word may possibly mean riddings, or refuse wood, grubbed up in ridding or clearing an estate. 
 
 % This was their share of the profit arising from the bailiwick of Blackburnshire, of which they held one fourth 
 part; theTowneleys, of Towncley, two; one for Towneley, and another for De la Leigh ; and the Banastres, of Altham, 
 the fourth. 
 
 ** On the whole it appears, from the former account, tliat the expences of the house considerably exceeded their 
 income; in the latter, the reverse; and the reason is obvious; that, with an increase, chiefly in the sj)iritu;Jities, to 
 the amount of nearly one third part of their annual receipts, the price of the necessaries of life, in some instances at 
 least, appears to have diminished. But of this, more hereafter. 
 
 [This
 
 Book II. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 95 
 
 [This title, consisting principally of prescrip- 
 tive payments, is very nearly the same in 
 both accounts, excepting a few verbal dif- 
 ferences.! 
 
 S. tot. 
 
 viii/. XV*. oh. 
 
 EXP. DE FIRMIS EXTERIORIBUS. 
 
 Dno. Regi pro Edisforth - - ins. 
 
 P. Stodworth - - _ _ iii^. 
 
 P. Standen _ _ _ 
 
 P. Baldwynhyll 
 
 P. Whytvvorth 
 
 P. Mawnton - - . 
 
 P. Brunley 
 
 Dno de Eland 
 
 Dno de Barton 
 
 Dno de Worsley 
 
 Hertd. Christopher. Holt 
 
 Monialibus de Hampole 
 
 Abbati Cestr. _ . _ _ jx*. 
 
 Castellano deLiverpull pro Sect, et Wardis xw. 
 
 iii^. VI*. vind. 
 
 il. uid. 
 
 xns. vuid. 
 
 VIS. 
 
 lid. oh. 
 
 XIV*. id. 
 
 xid. 
 
 VII*. xid. 
 
 Ills. 
 
 XII*. 
 
 S. tot. 
 
 viii/. VII*. xid. oh. 
 
 IN DONIS*. 
 
 Ouat. ord. fratruni - 
 Ministrallis _ _ - 
 Thomse Diio Stanley* 
 Jacobo Harynton Mil. 
 Joh. Savage Mil. 
 Tho Pylkynton Mil. - 
 
 IV*. 
 
 xxxvi*. viid. 
 vil. XIII*. ivd. 
 
 XL*. 
 
 xiii*. ivd. 
 
 XLV*. 
 
 IN DONIS *. 
 
 Quatuor ordinibus fratrum - - iv*. 
 
 Ministrallis * - - - - u/, iv*, 
 
 Diio de Mountegylle* _ _ _ n/, 
 
 Mfo Merney - _ _ nl xiii*. ivd. 
 
 Hug. Sherburne, arm. - - - i/. 
 
 John Talbot, arm. - - - - i/. 
 
 * Of the three articles which stand at the head of this title, De Bonis, it would, perhaps, be harsh to observe, that 
 the smallest is for charity, tlie next for pleasure, and the largest for ambition. The four orders of l)egging friars have 
 a small and stated contribution of 4s. ; the minstrels from ,^.1. 6s. to £.1. 4s. ; and tiie J>oid Stanley, s£6. 13s. id. — 
 From the amount of the sum paid to the minstrels, more considerable than to the organist of the church, and larger, 
 nearly by one half, than the Earl of Northumberland paid to his " minstraills that be daily in bis household" (Northumber- 
 land Household Book), it should seem that they were a part of the regular establishment oi' I he Abbey ; that these fathers 
 could relish the heroic romance or the pastoral ballad j and that the refectory of Whalk-y often resounded with the 
 rude, but affecting minstrelsy of the times. Yet these men were bitterly inveighed :ii;;unst by the severer orders j 
 and it was even an established rule in some monasteries, that no minstrel should ever enter their gates. — Dr. Percy's 
 Essay on the Minstrel's Notes, xliii. 
 
 With respect to the pension paid to the Lords Stanley and Monteagle, it might be pnulcnt, in times of difficulty and 
 danger, to secure the interest of a great man at Court, even at a high rate; but these weie days of perfect trancjuillity ; 
 and for what services performed, or expected, or from what consideration but mere complaisance, the inferior gentry 
 of the county were thus pensioned, it is not easy to conceive. On the whole, there appears some ground for Peirs 
 Plowman's complaint against the religious houses : — 
 
 anD of tijcm ft babctf) not tficp taftc ano cctJftf) f)cm pt Ijabct?» 
 anO clft&es anD 6nrflf)tes anli communcrs tfjat be rpcbf. 
 
 Ki0l)t 30 PC tpcijc, EC robe fnot robbc) tftat ben ipcljc 
 ana IjcIpEt?) ti)cm rt Jjclpeiij roue anU eeottf? tfjtt no ncDe ia. 
 
 Fol. l.xxxii. 
 
 Robt.
 
 94 HISTUKY U 
 
 Robt. Sherborne, jun, - - - xx*. 
 Robt. Sherborne, sen. - - vi*. viiirf. 
 John Talbot ----- xx*. 
 Hug. Raddiffe - _ - xiii«. ivd. 
 Robt. Ambrose - - - xiii*. ivc^. 
 Wm. Ambrose - _ - xiiia\ ivd. 
 Tristam Legh _ - _ xiii*. ivd. 
 
 Henry Worsley . - - xiii*. 
 
 Duobus Generosis - - - - ha. 
 Petro Smyth _ _ - - xnd. 
 
 Scholar! vers. Cockersand - - viiid. 
 FilifE W. Heton _ - - n*. ivd. 
 
 Filiae R. Holand - - - - ud. 
 
 Thomas Leds _ _ _ - vir/. 
 
 Famulis Abbat. de Cumbermere-i" - xxr/. 
 Rob. Boiling - _ _ _ xiid. 
 
 Rad. Walmsley - - - - xxd. 
 
 Here the parchment is decayed. 
 
 Ric. Herys medico equorum 
 Famulo Rectoris de Ha1sall-|- 
 Famulo abb. de Kirkstall -|~ - - 
 R. Boiling Legisperito - - - 
 Ballivo Dni Regis _ - - . 
 Famulo Dni de Baldcrston 
 Jac. Lawe _ - - - - 
 
 vine?. 
 
 viiid. 
 
 xd. 
 
 xxd. 
 
 ivd. 
 xivd. 
 
 Peregrinantibus Jerlam ^ 
 Officiali Dni Arch. Cast. 
 Registro ejusdem 
 
 XVIf/. 
 VI*. Vlllf/. 
 
 HI*, ivd. 
 
 WHALLEY. [Book II. 
 
 — Chap. II. 
 
 Mag. Spede . - - - 
 
 - i;. 
 
 Mag. Uokesby - _ - 
 
 XIII*. ivd. 
 
 Tho. Strawe - - - - 
 
 VI*. Vlllrf. 
 
 Mag. Fairfax - _ - - 
 
 - i/. 
 
 Wm. Brether 
 
 IV*. 
 
 Matt. Standysh 
 
 XIII*. ivd. 
 
 Tho. Grymsdych _ - - 
 
 VI*. Vlllrf. 
 
 Laur. Starkie _ _ - - 
 
 X*. 
 
 Alex. Ryshton _ _ _ 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Ursariis * - - - - 
 
 xs. 
 
 Famulo Ep. Sodor - - - 
 
 Ills. 
 
 Fam. Dni Regis _ _ _ 
 
 VI*. vuid. 
 
 Ouibusdam fratribus cum aliis 
 
 HI*, iv^. 
 
 Wm. Shyrburn cum aliis 
 
 IV*. ivd. 
 
 Famulo Regis per vices 
 
 VII*. 
 
 Doctor! de Lancaster ^ - - 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Rob. Swanisley - - _ 
 
 VI*. viiid. 
 
 Mon. de Tinterne cum aliis 
 
 IV*. 
 
 Hug. Charnock 
 
 II*. 
 
 Hen. Fielding - _ _ 
 
 I*. VI I u/. 
 
 Chanc Lane. - - _ - 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Chanc. Episc. _ - _ _ 
 
 xs. 
 
 Mag. Martyn - - _ 
 
 VI*. viiid. 
 
 Mag. ClyfF - - - - 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Famulo eorundem 
 
 VI*. Vlllrf. 
 
 Monachis de Wallia 
 
 II*. 
 
 Monachis de Fontibus 
 
 II*. 
 
 Cuidam presbytero _ - - 
 
 I*, viiid. 
 
 Willielmo Waller, &c. - 
 
 III*. 
 
 Ouaestoribus - - _ - 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Pauperibus per an. - - - 
 
 - ill. 
 
 Forestariis 11 _ _ - _ 
 
 I*, xd. 
 
 * Ursariis 10s. Another symptom of the progressive decay of discipline is the article before us, which proves that 
 an amusement more boisterous and less elegant than the former was encouraged by the monks in the later period. 
 
 t A constant intercourse appears to have been kept up between the two houses of Cumbermere and Wlialley, the 
 latter of which had sent three abbots to the former. The abbot of Cumbermere, it seems, travelled with two ser\anls, 
 and his brother of Kirkstall only with one. The vails paid to the servants of an abbot were ten-pence, to those of a 
 secular clergyman eight-pence, and to those of a lay gentleman four-pence : a liue scale of the estimation in which 
 they were severally held. 
 
 X A Physician's fee from Lancaster, at least 27 miles, was three shillings and fourpence. 
 
 § Peregrinantibus Jerusalem, vide supra. 
 
 II Perhaps the abbot had a general warrant for venison out of the foiests from the Crown. It is not said Forestario 
 de Bowland, but Forestariis, which amounts nearly to a proof that the deer of the other chases were not destroyed in 
 1521. 
 
 Sninrnonitdri
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 95 
 
 Summonitori ejusdem 
 Doctori Dublinie - - - 
 Monacho de Waverley 
 SufFraganeo Cestriae 
 Radulpho Coke Heremitae 
 Duob. fratrib. de Preston 
 Job. Lawe Legisperit. 
 Hebae Worsley * - - - 
 Cuidam Capellano pretend, jus ad do- 
 mum nostram gra. titl. ^ 
 Coco Tho. Dni Stanley 
 Famulo ejusdem 
 N. Skythorne Cap. gr. tituli 
 Jac. Cowpe Cap. . - - 
 
 Sm. - - - - 
 
 Xllf/. 
 
 BailHvo de Wirrall - _ - - is. 
 
 VI*. Vlllf/. 
 
 Wil. Witbove - - - - I*, viiirf. 
 
 us. 
 
 Official! Cestriae - - - - x*. 
 
 VIS. Vlllfl'. 
 
 Registrario ejus _ . _ ni*. ivd. 
 
 XV I</. 
 
 Summonitori ----- ivd. 
 
 viiir/. 
 
 Rec. Bank _ _ - _ vi*. vilirf. 
 
 US. 
 
 Capellano apud Wytwell-j- - - x*. 
 
 ■Kxd. 
 
 
 do- 
 
 xxrf. 
 
 
 xvirf. 
 
 
 IIS. Vlllf/. 
 
 
 XX(/. 
 
 
 XI I</. 
 
 
 XXV/. III*. 
 
 S. tot. - - xxiii/. XIX*. ivd. 
 
 Thus the bounty of the house diminished as its resources increased : a very natural and 
 frequent process. 
 
 IN ITERANTIBUS. 
 
 Robto Shotylworth et al. usque Horneby 
 
 VII*. IXC?. 
 
 Jake Forster usque Horneby - - ii*. 
 Wm. Cowpe usque Halsall et alibi - xxiic?. 
 Wm. Henthorne usque Cestr. - vi*. vine?. 
 Wm. Henthorne usque Lane, et alibi 
 
 xxxiv*. vd. 
 Abbat. usque Coldcotes et Wiswall - xxf/. 
 Cuidam de iiris usque Preston - ii*. viiirf. 
 Nich. Dewhurst usque Cumbermere in*, ivd. 
 Rob. Full usque London - - xxxvi*. 
 Abbat. in obit. R. Sherburne'^ - ii*. \id. 
 
 IN ITINERANTIBUS. 
 
 Domino Abbati versus Borough - i/. xv*. 
 
 Eidem versus Bolton _ - _ x*, 
 
 Eidem versus Dorham - - - i/. x*. 
 Eidem versus Cumbermere et Stanlaw v/. x*. 
 
 Eidem versus Rypon - - - i/. 
 
 Christophero Smyth versus Aston xiii*. ivo'. 
 
 Eid. vers. Cestr. _ . _ _ xii*. 
 
 Laur. Forest vers. Lancast. bis - i/. vi*. 
 
 Eidem per vices _ _ _ - xii*. 
 Lionel Hull vers. London ter. iv/. vil*. vine/. 
 
 Eidem per vices _ _ - _ x*. 
 
 Ric. Crombock vers. Hull - - i/. 
 
 * The name of the second abbot. This shews how long a Christian name which has once been boine by a dbtin- 
 guished personage, is generally kept in families. 
 
 t Capellano apud Whytewell. As this article is not found in the former computus, it amounts nearly to a proof 
 that this chapel was founded in the interval between the dates of the two. 
 
 X It appears that the monks were accustomed to grant titles for holy orders to young men not professed, but who, 
 receiving trifling pensions, were considered as dependents and beneficiaries of the house. In a very exact account of the 
 Chadwicks of Heley, drawn up by the late John Chadwick, Esq. I find an example of this practice, foi by letters testi- 
 monial bearing date Nov. 20, 1523, the abbot and convent of Uhalley commended their beloved in Christ, James 
 Chadwick, (who does not seem to have been a monk,) to Geoffry bishop of Litchfield, to be received into the order 
 of priesthood. MS. per Joh. Chadwick, Arm. 
 
 § 1 suppose the abbot to have attended the obit of one of the Shtrbumes, at Mitton, or more probably at the Grey 
 Friars, in Preston, for " there lay," saith Leland, " divers of the Sherburues gentlemen." Lei. It. IV. 21, 
 
 Wm.
 
 96 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 Wm. Cowpe usque Heton et Rachdall - xrf. 
 
 Famulis liris laborantibus in officio ballivi 
 
 ivs. vid. 
 
 Miloni Cokkeshut usque Staynyngs per vices 
 
 xvirf. 
 
 Famul. nost. usque Lane, cum Georgio 
 
 Stanley * - - 
 Geo. Forster usque Ebor. 
 M'och. usque Ord -|- 
 Milo Bradford usque Wyche 
 Jacobo Dugdale usque Lychfield pro 
 
 R. Townley ^ - - - 
 
 Nic. Forest usque Stanlaw 
 Abbati usque Blackborne 
 Eidem usque Forestam _ _ _ 
 Nico Chatburne usque Preston 
 Rico Clyfton usque Staynyngs 
 Rob. HyndJey usque Holowaye 
 Nic. Chatburne usque Ebor. bis 
 It. eidem usque Tutbury 
 Rob. Hyndley usque Holeway 
 M'ocho firo usque Ord 
 
 XXVIII*. 
 
 XVIIlrf. 
 
 VIII*. ivd. 
 
 VIS. vuid. 
 
 xud. 
 
 KVld. 
 
 xud. 
 
 II*. 
 
 II*. 
 
 i\'d. 
 
 XMld. 
 
 xd. 
 
 VII*. 
 XX*. 
 
 vid. 
 vind. 
 
 Dno. Abbati usque Stanlaw - ivl. x*. ud. 
 Eid. per vices usque Wisvvall - iii*. ivd. 
 Christopher Cowpe per vie. usque Preston xvic?. 
 Laur. Radcliffe usque Clyderhow - viiirf. 
 Nic. Thorniber usque Fylde - - xiid. 
 Wm. Strynger usque Bradford - xud. 
 
 Nic. Forest de Stanl. usque Whall. - in*, ud. 
 Joh. Kypas et Wm. Henthorne usque 
 
 Latham - - _ _ ni*. ud. 
 
 Rob. Hyndlay usque Brunley - i\id. 
 
 Thomse _ _ _ _ _ xud. 
 
 Eid. vers. Oxforth per vices 
 Eid. per vices _ - _ 
 Petro Deyne versus Manchester 
 
 il. 
 
 xiii*. 
 
 11*. 
 
 S. xxv/. VII*. vid. 
 
 S. xxi/. I*, ivd. 
 
 * They had been entrusted with the care of George Stanley, son of the lord Stanley, then a boy, and had sent a 
 servant wfth hiui to Lancaster. Qu. Whether this young nobleman received a part of his education at Whalley ? 
 
 t Two monks were ordained this year. The diiFerence of the sums may be accounted for from the different distances 
 they might have to travel. 
 
 J Rich. Towneley, of Towneley, Esq. Probably to procure a dispensation, or on some business with (he ecclesias- 
 tical court. 
 
 From
 
 Book II. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 97 
 
 From this table we shall be enabled to draw some conclusions with respect to the compa- 
 rative habits of the two abbots Holden and Paslew, by no means to the advantage of the latter. 
 In the year before us Holden made only one journey, and that on the necessary business of 
 the house, to Stanlavv ; for the short excursions to Rowland, Blackburn, Wiswall, &c. were only 
 morning-rides. But Paslew was perpetually abroad, at Borough (qu. Brough, in Westmore- 
 land ?), at Bolton, at Durham (spelt Dorham, the genuine dialect of Whalley), at Cumber- 
 mere, Stanlaw, and Ripon. His bounty was considerably less, but his personal expences 
 were double those of his predecessor. His monks, also, were more confined. Travelling was, 
 to these prisoners for life, the greatest of all indulgences ; yet only five monks were permitted 
 to make any excursions in I521 : — in 1478 there were 3I ; whether it were that at the 
 former period there was more business, or greater lenity. 
 
 The sums allowed for travelling would amount to about 1a-. per day. The abbot may 
 be conjectured to have tra\elled, on an average, with four servants. The prior, Christopher 
 Smith, apppears to have been attended by one, and the ordinary monks to have journeyed 
 alone, but all on horseback. 
 
 IN VARUS EXPEN. 
 
 IN VAR. EXP. 
 
 Dno abbati pro habitu * 
 Conventui pro habitu -|- 
 Provisori Conventiis ;}; 
 Pro vino rubr. § - - 
 Pro vino dulci 
 Pro vino per vices - 
 Pro cera - - - 
 Pro filo albo - 
 Pro filo nigro - 
 Pro pan. lin. et canna 
 Pro panno lanae 
 Clericis in Coena Domini 
 
 v;. 
 
 xxxix/. 
 
 XLiv/. xiijf. ind. 
 
 XXIX/. IVA'. iiid. 
 LVIII*. IV d. 
 
 xxxviiw. viirf. 
 
 xxxviiA'. ivd. 
 
 VIIIA-. ivd. 
 
 IVS. Kid. 
 
 III/. O*. XVIIIi/. 
 
 XL*. 11^. 
 
 vs. 
 
 Dno abbati pro habitu * 
 Conventui pro habitu-|~ 
 Provisori Conventus ^ 
 Pro vino § - - 
 
 Pro vin. dulci 
 Pro butyr. et cas. 
 Pro robis servientium \\ 
 Pro plumbo - - _ 
 Pro bobus empt. ad Grang. 
 Pro animal, empt. ad Staur. 
 Famulis abbatis ^ 
 Cera rubra 
 
 XLVlll. 
 LXXll. XVIS. 
 
 xxxiii/. XV*. viiid. 
 
 ix/, 
 
 xxv/. IX*. 
 
 XVIl/. XII*. 
 
 vi/. XIII*. ivd. 
 
 III/. X*. 
 
 vi/. XIII*. ivd. 
 
 XIl/. 
 
 I*. 
 
 * The ordinary habit of a Cistertiaa abbot was the canonical gown and scapulary of while cloth, but probably of 
 much finer materials than that of the monks. 
 
 ■f If we allow forty shillings for the habit of each monk, the number will in one instance a little exceed, and in 
 the other fall short, of twenty. 
 
 X Every necessary of housekeeping seems to be included in other articles. I do not, therefore, understand what 
 was the nature of this heavy charge. , 
 
 § In 1504, a mean term between these two periods, red wine was sold at the rate of 4/. per dol. or pipe of 126 
 gallons ; so that the mean consumption of the abbey was about eight pipes per annum, besides white wine. — See Fleet- 
 wood's Chron. Pret. p. 9'2. 
 
 II Suppose five shillings per ann. to clothe a servant, and this charge will infer 70 persons of that order about the 
 ■abbey. — J'ide licet wood, p. 130. 
 
 ^ In 1514, the ordinary wages of a common servant of husbandry were \tis. Hd. and of a maud sen'ant, 10*. — 
 Fleetwood, ubi supra. Suppose an equal number of each sex, and the abbot had about twenty upon his own private 
 establishment. 
 
 O Pau peri bus
 
 98 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 Pauperibus in Ccena Domini 
 
 VI*. 
 
 Cera sacristae 
 
 III/. 
 
 Pro Sclatston 
 
 
 Empt. et mut. vas. 
 
 ll. XV s. 
 
 Pro clavis equorum 
 
 
 Filoalb. 
 
 VI*. Vlllrf. 
 
 Pro resin a 
 
 
 Do. nigr. - _ _ 
 
 III*. 
 
 Pro ferro Hispanico 
 
 
 Panno lin. . _ _ 
 
 ll. VI*. viiid. 
 
 Pro ferro Anglicano 
 
 
 Panno lanae - _ _ 
 
 vl. 
 
 Pro Stanno - - - 
 
 IX*. 
 
 Ol. ad ecclesiam - 
 
 ll. I*. 
 
 Pro terebris _ _ _ 
 
 X*. xvrf. 
 
 Curatione equor. 
 
 V*. 
 
 Pro Sharj. . - - 
 
 Ill*, vid. 
 
 Capistris fren. - - - 
 
 II*. vid. 
 
 Pro secur. et astris 
 
 xxid. 
 
 Clavis equor. 
 
 XV*. 
 
 Pro panno profess. * - 
 
 LVIII*. 
 
 Ferro Hispan. - 
 
 vil. VI*. viiid. 
 
 Pro panno nup. profess. * 
 
 XLIX*. xd. 
 
 Clavis dupl. - . - 
 
 ll. 
 
 Eisdem pro scapular, et tunicis 
 
 LS. 
 
 Clavis singul. - - - 
 
 X*. 
 
 Pro sect, in cur. Christian. 
 
 ■Kvd. 
 
 Stonebrode -^ - - 
 
 IX*. 
 
 Pro sect, apud Lane. 
 
 XIII*. ixd. 
 
 Strabrode-J- _ . - 
 
 II*. 
 
 Pro mere, curiae de Gysborne 
 
 xd. 
 
 Pice - - - . 
 
 I*, viud. 
 
 Pro pore. empt. ad Staurum 
 
 II*. ud. 
 
 Sclaytstonys - - - 
 
 X*. 
 
 Pro sport. _ - - 
 
 IV*. id. 
 
 Smigmate;}: _ - - 
 
 VI*. 
 
 Pro equo empt. 
 
 XXXIII*. i\'d. 
 
 Cera abbati _ - - 
 
 VII*. 
 
 Pro equo empt. _ _ _ 
 
 XX*. 
 
 Sectis capt. ap. Lancaster 
 
 ll. II*. 
 
 Pro equo empt. scholari 
 
 XX*. 
 
 Vomer. _ _ _ 
 
 III*. 
 
 Pro equo empt. 
 
 VI*. 
 
 Cingulis equor. 
 
 ll. VIII*. 
 
 Pro equo empt. - _ - 
 
 XVI*. 
 
 Sellis, &c. _ _ _ 
 
 XVI*. ivd. 
 
 Pro equo empt. 
 
 XIII*. 4d. 
 
 Calybe 
 
 III*. 
 
 Cuidam medico 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Pergameno _ - - 
 
 VI*. viiid. 
 
 Itm. pro medico circa 
 
 XXIX*. vid. 
 
 Papyro - - - _ 
 
 I*. 
 
 Medico equor. _ _ _ 
 
 viiid. 
 
 Bitumini _ _ - 
 
 I*, viiid. 
 
 Pro Osmundes 
 
 vid. 
 
 Calce - - - . 
 
 ll. lis. 
 
 Pro Repar. ap. Dovvnham 
 
 XXIX*. ivd. 
 
 Resin . - - - 
 
 IV*. 
 
 Pro Repar. Mol. de Acton 
 
 II*. ivd. 
 
 Canabe _ _ . 
 
 XII*. 
 
 Pro Rep. ap. Holoway 
 
 vs. lid. 
 
 Sectis capt. ap. London 
 
 III/. Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Pro Rep, Ponend. ^ de Terfyn 
 
 Ill*, vid. 
 
 Capellano Castri 
 
 ivl. 
 
 Pro Rep. ap. Staynings 
 
 xxd. 
 
 Contributionibus studii 
 
 111. 
 
 Pro Rep. Cancelli de Rachdall 
 
 XX*. ivd. 
 
 Collectione earundem 
 
 III*. 
 
 Pro Rep. ap. Brunley 
 
 us. xd. 
 
 Caricatione focalium 
 
 X*. 
 
 Pro repar. librorum 
 
 VIII*. 
 
 Do. Lapidum 
 
 iv/. X*. xd. 
 
 Pro ferram equor. 
 
 VIII*. 
 
 Messione - - - - 
 
 111. X*. 
 
 * The monks, besides novices, seem to have been divided into two classes, the professi and niiper professi. Their 
 clothing was before accounted for ; so that this extra charge, for cloth, besides scapularies and waistcoats, is not very 
 intelligible, 
 
 f 1 can offer no conjecture as to the meaning of these words. 
 
 + Smigma appears to have been a kind of soap used in washing floors. — Bp. Kennet, Gloss. Par. Ant. in voce. 
 
 ^ I'unendum, 1 take to be a pound. 
 
 Caricat.
 
 Book II. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 99 
 
 Pro Grata ferri * - - 
 
 Pro papyro, viz. Reme 
 
 Pro sotular. |>auperuin -|- 
 
 Pro cella enipta 
 
 Pro Repar. Cellar. 
 
 Pro Concordia facta, &c. 
 
 Scolar. pro rata § - - 
 
 Eid. ad ace. Grad. baccal. i^ 
 
 Arch. Ebor. in part, subsid. 
 
 Procurat. Cler. 
 
 Pro Waynclotli 
 
 Pro Smygmate 
 
 Pro oleo ad. ecctam 
 
 The. Sellar pro Deb. Otwel Whithede iii*. ivd. 
 
 Ric. Newton p. eod. 
 
 Pro Moss - - 
 
 Pro sotular, _ _ _ _ vw. vd. 
 
 Pro iv°^. supellec. ad Hospitiuni - x*. 
 
 Pro Rep. Organor. viz. pro Tynne^ xxxZ. x*. 
 Pro Wyre, viz. _ _ - u/. wd. 
 
 Pro Marco ur - _ _ - ixd. 
 
 Pro Tinglas _ _ _ _ _ ivd. 
 Pro Glutino - - _ _ _ ixd. 
 Pro Wainscot _ - - - iv*. vid. 
 Joh. Organistae pro labor, suo xxxvi*. viiid. 
 
 - 
 
 II*. 
 
 
 II*. 
 
 - 
 
 VI*. 
 
 - 
 
 V*. 
 
 XI*. 
 
 vid. 
 
 III*. 
 
 ivd. 
 
 - 
 
 vl. 
 
 - 
 
 XX*. 
 
 CXIII*. 
 
 ivd. 
 
 XIII 
 
 .ud. 
 
 III*. 
 
 ivd. 
 
 ii.y. 
 
 ixd. 
 
 XXIX* 
 
 .ud. 
 
 ie III*. 
 
 ivd. 
 
 - 
 
 xud. 
 
 VII*. 
 
 ixd. 
 
 Caricat. focalium conventui 
 
 Clericis in Coena Domini 
 
 Pauperibus in Ccena Domini 
 
 Sotulariis eorundem -|- - 
 
 Ciphis lign. _ - - - 
 
 Collectione Dno Papae 
 
 Sutrici _ _ - - 
 
 Magistro operum 
 
 Custodi Orolog. + - 
 
 Custodi de Chymys ^ 
 
 Mon. Cell, pro Candell 
 
 Pro coUec. tirmae de Clyderhow 
 
 De Rachdall 
 
 Eccles - - - - 
 
 Byllington _ _ . , 
 
 X*. ivd. 
 vs. 
 
 VII*. 
 VIII*. 
 
 viid. 
 
 VII*. 
 XI*. 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 II*. 
 
 VI*. Vlllrf. 
 
 VIS. viiid. 
 
 VI*. viiid. 
 
 Ill*, vid. 
 
 III. 
 
 I*, ivd. 
 
 VIII*. 
 
 Introductione Garbarum 
 
 Pro materia encausti || - - 
 
 In Decasis firm, de Clyderhow 
 
 In Decasis pro Harwode Buks pro con- 
 
 ventu - - _ ii/. VI*. viii^. 
 
 In Dec. de Newfeld et Grenefeld in 
 
 propr. man. _ - _ _ n/. 
 
 Scholari pro rata '^ - - - - vl. 
 Pro Repar. Terebrorum - - i*. viiirf. 
 Conventui pro termino S. Joh. Bapt, 
 
 xi/. VI*. viiir;?. 
 
 * Grates and chimneys were beginning to be introduced about a century before this time. 
 
 f^otot batf) ccbc tpcljc a rule to eaten bp fjimartfc, 
 3in a ptibic parler for poore mm salic, 
 2Dt in cljambtc tnitl) a cljimneg anti Icbe ge tljief Ijallc. 
 
 Peirce Plowman, fol. xliii. 
 f The shoemaker of the poor. It is pleasing to find that the monks employed a person specifically for this benevo- 
 lent purpose. The word was formed from subtalaris, and yet exists in the Scottish sowter. It must be observed that 
 there is no charge for leather, because their own tanneries supplied it. 
 
 X An abbey orologe was proverbial in the time of Chaucer ; but we have here also an instance of the antiquity of 
 chimes. 
 
 § A scholar was constantly maintained at the expence of the house in one of the universities, whose annual exhi- 
 bition we see was ^.5 ; twenty-shillings ad ace. grad. bacc. can only have been in part ; the real charge, I believe, 
 appears in the next column, viz. s£.9. 6s. 8d. Bishop Fleetwood was not accurate in saying that degrees might be 
 taken 260 years ago at five times less charge than in his own time. Chron. Pret. p. 10. 
 
 II These appear to have been colours used in staining glass: if so, this operation was earned on within the abbey : 
 but qu. ? 
 
 % In abbot Holden's time here was an organ and regular organist, of the latter of which we find no mention in 
 the latter Computus. The organ-pipes seem to have been of tin. 
 
 Pro
 
 100 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book II. — Chap. II. 
 
 Pro focal, empt. - - . 
 
 us. 
 
 Pro eod. ad R. Sherburne 
 
 XV*. 
 
 Pro Terricid. * - - - 
 
 XI*. vnid. 
 
 Pro Cepo et flot * 
 
 XI If/. 
 
 Pro Materia encausti 
 
 xud. 
 
 Pro Politridiis -|- - - - 
 
 ixd. 
 
 Pro butyro et cas. - xxiv/. 
 
 xiii*. viid. ob. 
 
 Pro Messione _ . _ 
 
 XL*. 
 
 Pro Introduc. garb. dec"*. 
 
 XLIII*. 
 
 Pro caric. focal, et oner. 
 
 xxxxv*. ivd. 
 
 Pro car. pis. ac vol. ad Stagna | 
 
 XXXV*. 
 
 Pro rob. S'vient. - - - 
 
 XV Z. 
 
 Famul. abbatis - - - 
 
 x/. XI*. lyd. 
 
 In Decas Wapontag. 
 
 XL*. 
 
 Pro concord, fact, cum J. Haydock - xvi*. 
 
 Pro Cilicio ad vestim. || 
 
 XVI*. 
 
 Capello. Castri _ _ - 
 
 IV/. 
 
 Ballivo de Byllington 
 
 xxd. 
 
 Jac. Garsyde pro coll. de Rach. 
 
 - XIII*. ivd. 
 
 Alex. Holt pro cust. Silvte ibm. 
 
 XXf/. 
 
 Cust. orolog. _ - - 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Mag. oper. _ _ _ 
 
 Ill*, ivd. 
 
 Monach. cellar, pro cand. 
 
 II*. 
 
 Pro bob. empt. ad Grang. 
 
 VIl/. II*. 
 
 Pro duobus pannis de Draper 
 
 • • • 
 
 XIII*. ivd. 
 
 Pro tert. monach. ap. Stanlaw -J-j- xvi*. ivd. 
 
 S. - - - - CCLXVIl/. 
 
 Rad. Wolton pro custod. Westwode et 
 
 Wheteley _ _ . vi*. viiirf. 
 
 Ttrtio monach. apud Stanlaw -|~}- - il. 
 
 Carbonibus marinis Sportis, &c. - ix*. 
 
 Repar. Pontis apud Stanlaw 
 
 Apro _ - _ _ 
 
 Empt. vas. conventui 
 
 Organis et Repar. 
 
 Bremis vivis pro paludibus ;{; 
 
 Scholar! pro gradu bac. 
 
 Cortinis tapetibus, &c. 
 
 Repar. apud Wolden 
 
 Pro II nowchis et vitro pro altare § 
 
 Hen. Cockshott, pro factione Domus 
 
 ap. Radyam, (qu. Radholme) - ill. lis. 
 
 Pro coloribus pictori ^ - - - xii*. 
 
 Pro vitratione _ _ . _ x*. 
 
 Pro monacho Fumes' ** - iv/. xiii*. ivd. 
 
 VI*. 
 
 VI*. vuid. 
 
 XIX*. 
 
 vil. XIII*. ivd. 
 
 X*. 
 
 ixl. VI*. viiid. 
 
 XVI*. 
 l/. X*. 
 
 CCtXLl/. VIII*. Hid. 
 
 * Terricidium is turf, and flot the superficial flah. Cepum, I believe to be cliips. No mention of pit-coal, which 
 appears in the latter account, though without a charge. Vide Padeham. 
 
 f Politridiis, probably something used in polishing, as emery, &c. 
 
 t Piscium ac volatilium ad stagnuni. Bremys ad paludes. These were store-fish and water-fowl for the ponds, 
 of which there are considerable remains about the abbey. 
 
 § Nowches, I believe, are Cruets ; but qu. ? 
 
 II Hair cloth, to be worn next to the skin, for mortification. 
 
 N. B. No charge for this article in the latter account. Sixteen shillings were equivalent at least to ^.8 at present. 
 
 ^ These were colours for the limner or illuminator of missals ; an art in which, so far as related to colouring, the 
 monks had certainly attained to great excellence. But the drawing, indeed all the drawing of the times, was hard and 
 unnatural. 
 
 ** What was the occasion of so large a payment to a monk of Furness, 1 do not understand. 
 
 If A monk still continued to reside at Stanlaw ; but why he is called the third monk, I am yet to learn. 
 
 IN
 
 Book II. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 101 
 
 IN DIVER. CAR. 
 
 Pro vino . _ _ 
 
 Pro car. sal. 
 
 Pro car. frut. extr. patr. 
 
 Pro car. bras. ord. ext. pat. - 
 
 Pro car. de Craven 
 
 Item de Fylde - - - 
 
 Item - - - - 
 
 Pro car. providen. domus 
 
 vl. 
 
 xxvis. lid. 
 
 xvii/. OS. nd. 
 
 xii/. XIX*. ud. 
 
 XI*. xi</. 
 
 III*. i\'d. 
 
 VIII*. ivr/. 
 
 vl. XII*. ix</. 
 
 XLii/. xvii*. ixrf. oh. 
 
 IN DIVER. CAR. 
 
 Pro frum. extra patriam - - xv/. 
 
 Pro ordeo bras, extra patr. - vinl. vis. viiid. 
 Pro providentia domus - iv/. 0*. viiid. 
 
 Pro vino - - - - - \l. xs. 
 
 Pro sale, viz. xxvi Karrok * - iil. is. \id. 
 
 xxxiv/. XVIII*. xd. 
 
 IN EMPT. GRANI. 
 
 Pro frum. empt. extr. patriam, 
 
 viz. CLxxxivi. i^. ii"'. Lxxxv/. VIII*. xd. 
 Pro bras. ord. empt. extr. patriam, 
 
 viz. CLXXIV*!. III''. - - LIX^. XVI*. 
 
 Pro ord, empt. de B. R. et H. in/, iv*. iii^. 
 
 It. - - - - - XXXVII*. Vlllf/. 
 
 Pro avenis empt. de B. R. et H. - vi/. ii*. 
 It. prsed. - - . - III/. II*. ixd. 
 Pise, empt, . . _ - - xii*. 
 Famulis grang. - - xiv/. 0*. xxd. 
 
 Pro frum. empt. infra Craven, 
 
 xvii^ d. I*? - - \il. xviii*. Yvd. oh. 
 
 S. 
 
 - CLXXxvii/. VII*. id. oh. 
 
 IN EMPT. GRANI. 
 
 Pro frum. extra patriam, viz. 
 
 XXVIIll. Xiv''. iv"'. - LXXVIl/. XV*. xiid. 
 
 Pro frum. intra patriam, viz. 
 
 xiiii. vi*". 
 
 vii/. VI*. \iiid. 
 
 Pro ordeo braseato extra patriam, 
 
 viz. xxvi. vii''. dim. - liv/. xviii*. xd. 
 Pro ordeo braseato infra patriam, 
 
 viz. xxixij dim. ml xxiv/. xii*. ivd. 
 
 Pro avenis bras, infra patriam, 
 
 viz. iv; iv". - - - i/. II*. ivd. 
 Pise, cum car, _ _ - - xviii*. 
 Granatori sup. - _ _ _ iv*. 
 
 Famulis grang. - - xiv/. i*. viiirf. 
 
 In cervisiis pro abb. - - - vl. 
 
 Pro pane emp. ap. Wakefield cum came vii*. 
 Pro sect, in cur. Christian^ - III*, ivd. 
 
 Ord. infra patriam vii'i. dim. vi'. n/. iv*. iiid. 
 
 cxcl. XIII*. viiid. 
 
 Under this head, in which, by the bye, are several articles strangely misplaced, it may be 
 observed, that the quantity and the price of wheat consumed was very nearly the same in both 
 years; viz. 1 84 quarters in the first, and 187 in the second; the price per quarter nine shil- 
 lings, more or less. — This statement contradicts Stow's account, who asserts, that, in this very 
 year 1521, the price of wheat was 20*. per quarter, and it was always dearer in Lancashire than 
 in the London market. 
 
 In the article of malt a considerable reduction appears to have been made, as in 147 8 the 
 consumption was 174 quarters, and in 1521 only 147; but in the latter is an item of five 
 
 * Karrok, a cart or w^n. — Vide Spelmanni Gloss, in ?oc. CaiTocium. 
 
 pounds,
 
 102 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book II.— Chap. IF. 
 
 pounds, " pro cervisia abbati." — But a great advance had been made in the price, the former 
 averaging somewhat more than six shillings per quarter, the latter nearly ten.— It was probably 
 this dearth which put them upon the awkward expedient of malting oats. 
 
 It is remarkable, that the wages paid to the servants of the grange, at an interval of 42 
 years, are the same to a farthing. 
 
 IN COaUINA. ABB 
 
 In came bov. et vac. 
 
 In car. ovum _ - - 
 
 In car. vit. _ - _ 
 
 In car. pore. - - _ 
 
 In car. porcel. - - - 
 
 In car. edul. agr. et vol. * 
 
 In pise. rec.-|- 
 
 WilT Andrew et Jake-f- 
 
 lL ivs. \id. 
 
 ix/. X*. 
 
 vil. ixs. lid. 
 
 XLViii*. vnd. 
 
 XX*. xd. 
 
 XXXVA'. viiirf. 
 
 xxiii/. xvii>y. iiid. 
 
 xxxiiiy. ivd. 
 
 Lxxxxvii/. IIIA-. ixd. 
 
 IN COaUlNA. ABB. 
 
 In carne bovum et vaccarum lxxii/. xix*. 
 
 Ovum - - - - xv/. VIII*. 
 
 Vitulorum - - viii/. 0*. vd. 
 
 Porcorum - - - - il. x*. 
 
 Porcellorum - - - xvi*. 
 
 Agnorum _ _ _ xvxia'. 
 
 In carne edulium et volatil. - il. xs. vid. 
 
 In pise, recent. -|- - xxxix/. xvii5. iii^. 
 Piscatoribus pro mercede -|~ - - ml. 
 
 S. 
 
 CXLIIl/. XVIII*. Ilrf. 
 
 These accounts, and especially the latter, imply an enormous establishment ; for, in the 
 year 1533, we are told by Stow, the faithful chronologist of English economy, that a fat ox 
 sold for XXVI*. viiirf., a fat wether for iii*. ivd., a fat calf for the same, and a fat lamb for xud. 
 But if we multiply the sum total of the latter Compotus by 10, which is less than Stow's 
 account would allow, here is an annual sum equivalent to 1,400/. of modern money expended 
 upon animal food alone, in the Abbot's private household. Now, in a well-ordered family, 
 when shambles meat sells for 4d. in the pound, 20*. per week will supply ten persons. But, 
 in the l6th century, animal food formed a much larger proportion of the necessaries of life 
 than at present. We will therefore suppose six persons to have been sustained upon this 
 proportion of meat ; but 1400, divided by 52, leaves 27 and a fraction: 27 times 6, or l62 
 persons, therefore, must have been constantly fed at the abbot's table. 
 
 Every conclusion that can be drawn from these comparative statements is u\ifavourabIe to 
 the character of Paslew. He was an economist, indeed, but not at the expence of his own 
 
 * That is, game and water-fowl. 
 
 f The corresponding article, in the latter Compotus, proves these to have been the lishermcn of the abbey. Modern 
 Catholics aekiio» ledge that the long season of Lent requires all attainable varieties of tliis innutritious and quickly 
 disgusting species of food : and the monks were fully aware of this inconvenience, and amply provided to alleviate it ; 
 for they had fvide infra) stock-fish, herrings red and while, salmon, and salted eels in store. The sea afforded various 
 species of fresh fish in vast quantities; their ponds supplied them with bream; the Ribble with excelleut salmon and 
 trout; andtheHodder with its own delicious umber. — What baskets of the three last must Will. Andrew and Jake have 
 brought in! — Will. .Andrew is, I believe, the Christian and surname of the .saMie person; for I find, that in the 
 beginning of Abbot Paalew's time, there was a dispute between him and .lohn 'I'albot, of Salesbury, for the latter 
 assaidting Will. Andrew and Rob. Dobson on High Pikestone-Edge, in the way from Whalley Abbey to Preston, and 
 taking from them a i.arc( 1 of fisli. This was priiui|)ally intended to decide the right of a road over that ground, which 
 was determined by award in favour of the Abbey. — Townl. MSS. 
 
 comforts ;
 
 Book II. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 103 
 
 comforts ; for, though the income of his house was much improved, the expences of the church- 
 service were abridged, the stated allowances of charity were not increased, the general con- 
 sumption of the house retrenched, the instruments of luxury more amply rewarded, and the 
 cost of his own private establishment greatly augmented. See also the title De Itiner. 
 
 IN PROVIDEN. DMS. 
 
 }- 
 
 In afec. rub. mel. sectse* 
 
 In alec. rub. vil. sectae 
 
 In alec. alb. _ - _ 
 
 Pro pise. dur. - - _ 
 
 Pro pise, salsis - _ - 
 
 Pro anguillis sals. viz. barelt. - 
 
 Pro ol. oliv. - - - _ 
 
 Pro Rac. de Coran. 
 
 Pro Amygdal. _ _ _ 
 
 Pro Ficubus et racemis - 
 
 Pro Pipere-j- _ _ _ 
 
 Pro Croco 
 
 Pro Zinziber _ - _ 
 
 Pro Zinziber vir. 
 
 Pro Sawnders % - - 
 
 Pro avellan. et licor. 
 
 Pro libis et rice - - - 
 
 Pro Turnsole alkanet et pynde 
 
 Pro Sucaro inrolat. et al. spebus '^ 
 
 Pro Sale, viz. xxi karroks et dim. XLiv>y. ixc?. 
 
 iv/. XVII*. i\d. 
 
 xviii*. wild. 
 
 vl. 
 
 vi/. II*. ixd. 
 
 XIV*. 
 
 VII*. vid. 
 
 IX*. 
 VII*, 
 VII*. 
 
 XV*. viid. 
 
 VI*. vid. 
 VI*. vuid. 
 
 II*. \ud. 
 
 KVllld. 
 
 Kivd. 
 
 KKlld. 
 
 viiid. 
 XIV d. 
 
 IN PROVIDEN. DMS. 
 
 In alec. rub. melioris sectse* 
 
 It. vilioris sectae 
 
 In alec. alb. - _ _ 
 
 In piscibus duris 
 
 In pise. sals. 
 
 In Salm. sals. - - - 
 
 In anguil. sals. 
 
 In Sale, viz. xxvi karroks 
 
 In Ficubus et racemis 
 
 In Amygdalis 
 
 In racemis de Coran 
 
 In Pipere - - - - 
 
 In Croco ... 
 
 In Zinzibere - . . 
 
 In Avellanis ... 
 
 In libis et theriaca 
 
 In Nutmuks ... 
 
 In diversis spebus 
 
 In succarcande 
 
 In succar. - - , 
 
 Turnsol. alkanet. tinsol. et al. 
 
 In Gariofoliis et maces 
 
 In Licores et Sinnamomo 
 
 In Rices _ . _ 
 
 } 
 
 vZ. 
 
 vl. XV*. 
 vl. II*. 
 
 ml. XII*. 
 
 Xll. X*. 
 ll. XVI*. 
 
 XI*. ivd. 
 
 Ill*, villi/. 
 VIII*. 
 
 VI*. vind. 
 
 vs. ivd. 
 
 ivl. II*. 
 
 ll. XVI*. 
 
 II*. vid. 
 
 I*. 
 
 VI*. viiirf, 
 
 I*. 
 
 vid. 
 
 I*. 
 
 IX*. 
 
 I*. 
 ll. 
 
 IV*. 
 
 I*. 
 
 * In the year 1495, white herrinsrs were sold for 3s. 4d. per barrel. — Fleetw. Chron. I'ret. But if we average the 
 red and wiiite at five shillings per barrel, here was, in the former year, a consumption of ';3 barrels, and in the latter 
 of 45. The use of stock-fish appears to ha\ e diminished greatly at the latter period, and to have been replaced partly 
 by salt-fish not dried, and partly by herrings. Eels, salted and barrelled, must have betn a rancid and abominable 
 food. Surely the stomachs of many monks must have been affected by the very smell of fish, like that of Erasmus. 
 
 f Thb increase in the consumption of pepper proves that the use of pastry and other seasoned cookery, prevailed 
 much more, in 15"21, than forty years before. 
 
 I Sawnders, or sanders, is the Indian spice-wood : it has a bitter taste and aromatic smell, and was probabl\ used 
 in cookery. 
 
 § This is a curious fact, as it proves that sugar was in use amongst us before the discovery of America; but the 
 histoiy of this great ingredient in modern luxuiy is far from being well ascertained. The sugar-cane, however, appears, 
 from " PanciroUus de Rebus inventis," tit. 5, to have been grown in Sicily, and to have been manufactured at Venice, 
 though probably in small quantities, some centuries before his time. But it was rather considered as a balsamic or 
 pectoral medicine than an article of food. — Not. ib. 
 
 In
 
 104 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 FBooK II.— Chap. II. 
 
 S. 
 
 xxin/. us. iiid. 
 
 In Fabrica eccl. - - x*. xiva. 
 
 S. tot. cxp. - - DCLXXXv/. iv*. vid. oh. 
 Superexcr. exp. - xlviii/. xiii*. vd. oh. 
 Sum. rest, de anno pterit. ccccLXViii/. xvii*. iid. 
 
 In ol. oliv. 
 
 In Zinzibere viride 
 
 In Sawnders 
 
 In Dactilis 
 
 In Granis Paradisi 
 
 S. - - 
 
 In Sturgeon - 
 In Merc. Curiae 
 In Fabrica ecclesiae 
 
 XVIII*. vrf. 
 
 IV*. 
 
 V*. 
 
 I*. 
 
 X*. 
 
 XLV/. IV*. IX</. 
 X*. Vlllrf. 
 
 vii/. VIII*. i\d. 
 
 XXIIl/. 
 
 S. tot. exp. - - Dcccxxxix/. xi*. \d. ob. 
 Sunima recept. super exp. lxviii/. xi*. lud. oh. 
 
 We have now traced, from authentic documents, the internal arrangements and economy 
 of this estabUshment, which appears to have consisted of the lord abbot, the prior, about 20 
 monks, divided mto the prof essi ?ii\di nuper professi, besides an uncertain number of novices, 
 20 servants belonging to the Abbot, and 70* in the general service of the house: in all, pro- 
 bably, 120 persons. But besides these, the demesnes and revenues of the abbey had to sustain 
 a daily, though uncertain and irresistible influx of guests in every rank, from the sovereign to 
 the beggar, whose stay, if it exceeded not three days, was never considered as oppressive. This 
 boundless hospitality, however, though eminently useful in some respects, was equally pernicious 
 in others. If, for instance, in an age of poverty, and when no legal provision for the poor 
 existed, these foundations liberally supplied the wants of age and sickness, they dealt out, with 
 undistinguishing hands, an equal measure of bounty to " valiant and idle beggars, drove beasts, 
 " and michers -f-." If, again, they afforded a gratuitous and comfortable resting-place to the 
 traveller of every description, the power of exercising this liberality was extorted from the 
 laborious parish-priest, who had an antecedent right to those tithes, which the monks, with 
 unfeeling rapacity, appropriated to themselves. The same cause, together with the magni- 
 ficence of their buildings, rendered them importunate and never satisfied beggars, who found 
 an easy access to the beds of the great, at seasons when guilt and fear precluded a refusal ; 
 and the necessary magnitude of their general expences made them jealous of the most trivial 
 rights, querulous, irritable, and contentious \. 
 
 But, to return from this digression : — The average consumption of the house may be stated, 
 in round numbers, on the authority of the two preceding accounts, at 
 
 Wheat - 
 
 - 
 
 200 quarters 
 
 Malt 
 
 - 
 
 150 ditto. 
 
 Wine 
 
 - 
 
 8 pipes. 
 
 * To persons unacquainted with the economy of these houses, the number of servants which I have assigned, must 
 appear very great ; but this is far beneath the estabhshment of many of tiie greater houses. The abbey of Tewkesbury, 
 at the Dissolution, had 144 servants. — Burnet's Hist. Reform, vol. I. App. 
 
 f General injunctions to the monasteries. — lb. 
 
 + See the " Aniiales de Dunstable, " published by Hearne ; which is little better than an history of petty squabbles. 
 
 Oxen
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. I05 
 
 /For the abbot's table. 
 
 Oxen and Cows 
 
 - 75^ 
 
 Sheep - 
 
 - 
 
 80 
 
 Calves - 
 
 - 
 
 40 
 
 Lambs - 
 
 - 
 
 20 
 
 Porkers - 
 
 - 
 
 4j 
 
 And for the refectory and inferior tables within the house, 
 
 Oxen and Cows - 57 
 
 Sheep * - 40 
 
 Calves - - 20 
 
 Lambs - - 10 
 
 From this statement may be inferred a great disproportion in the quantity of animal food, 
 when compared with the other necessaries of life, to modern habits ; for, in this table of 
 expences, it may be made clearly to appear, that the value of shambles-meat consumed was, 
 to that of wheat and of malt, in a much higher ratio than at present. The latter circumstance 
 leaves a very favourable impression with respect to the sobriety of a religious house. The 
 quantity of wine accounted for would indeed have allowed a bottle of wine per day to every 
 monk ; but it is to be suspected that great part of this luxury was intercepted by the abbot and 
 his guests, before it reached the refectory; and who can forbear lamenting that these poor 
 men had scarcely a vegetable to eat, or a garden to cultivate ! 
 
 On the whole, to men who fed so grossly, and had so little exercise or labour to correct the 
 effects of repletion, how wise and salutary, even in a medical view, was the institution of 
 fasting! Yet, after all the benefits resulting from temporary inanition, how peculiar must 
 then have been the state of the human body, and consequently the practice of medicine, in 
 monasteries. When men, born in times, and bred in habits, which almost exempted them 
 from the evil, shall I say, or the privilege, of weak constitutions, were often swept away in the 
 midst of their days by inflammatory disorders ; or, if they survived to a later period, were 
 knocked down at a stroke by apoplexies ; the superadded laziness and plenty of a convent, with- 
 out such systematic checks, must have been doubly pernicious. 
 
 But another circumstance in the habits of monks must have exposed them to putrid and 
 cutaneous disorders -|-; I mean a total inattention to cleanliness, which is to be imputed to the 
 absurdity of their rule : for they had no sheets to their beds, or shirts to their backs : they 
 slept in their ordinar\' dresses of woollen, and never availed themselves of a practice, from which 
 they do not appear to have been prohibited, and which alone rendered the same habits tolerable 
 in the ancients, namely, a constant use of warm baths, which would have removed all 
 impurities from the skin, in us it would produce a strange mixture of feelings, to be repelled 
 I'rom the person of a man of learning or elegant manners by stench and vermin. 
 
 Such, then, was the monastery of Whalley, with its several advantages and defects ; and 
 
 * 'niis computation supposes that the first article, provisori co)ivmtus, was a charge for shambles-meat, on the 
 general account of the house, which is no where else provided for ; and the two sums, charged under this head, are 
 nearly one half of that which is placed to the account nf the abbot's table. 
 
 t The jaw-bone of one of the abbots, turned up in digging within the choir, had been honeycombed by a scrofulous 
 ^ omplaint. 
 
 p in
 
 106 • HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 in this state it subsisted till the attainder of abbot Paslew *. After that melancholy event, 
 nothing more is recorded of it during a period of two years; after which, on April 12th, 1539, 
 the bailiwick of the demesnes was committed, by letters patent of Henry VIII. to John Brad- 
 dyll, gent, of the neighbouring house of Braddyll and Brockhole, the said demesnes being then 
 seized into the king's hands " ratione attincturee Johannis nuper abb. ibm." In the beginning 
 of July, this year-^, died Christopher Smith, who had been 30 years prior, before the forfeiture 
 of the house. He was interred near the font of the parish-church, where the initials X S, and 
 the paten and chalice, expressive of his order, still remain upon a large gravestone, adorned 
 with a cross fleury. 
 
 In this state every thing remained during an interval of somewhat more than 14 years, 
 in which time Braddyll had so profited of the rich deposit committed to his hands, as to be 
 able to convert a trust into property : and accordingly, at a most dangerous period for such an 
 adventure, that is, exactly twenty days before the death of Edward VI. he, in conjunction 
 with Richard Assheton, a younger son of the house of Lever, purchased from the Crown, for 
 the sum of ^.2132. 3*. gd. the whole manor of Whalley and site of the dissolved or attainted 
 monastery thereof, which are particularized in terms extremely interesting, as they perpetuate 
 several names allusive to its former state, which they who love the place and the subject 
 would not wish to be forgotten. By this charter, therefore, were conveyed to the said 
 parties, " Totum ilium dominium et manerium de Whalley, et terras vocatas Whalley parke, 
 " ac totam capitalem domum ac scitum dicti nuper monasterii de Whalley, et inter caetera Le 
 " Guest House, Le Common Stable, Le Fermery Garths, Le Kitchin Ga'-thes, Le Prioris 
 " Orchard, Le Abbots Orchard, Le Proctors Orchard, Abbot Kitchin Garthe, Le Proctors 
 " Stable, &c. in occupationibus Christ. Thornber, Thomae Chatburn, Roberti Sudell, Jac. Lawe, 
 
 * It was committed to Braddyll from the d^y of the Dissolution. I have since met with his first half-year's 
 account, ending at Michaelmas 1537. 
 
 1 find that Pedley was Vicar of Whalley at this time ; so that he could not have been presented by Archbishop 
 Cranmer. It does not appear that he was a monk : it is therefore not improbable that he was presented by the Crown 
 immediately after the Dissolution. There is no account of the precise time when Vicar Seller died. 
 
 It appears, from the account above mentioned, that, immediately upon the forfeiture of the house, Richard 
 Pollard, esq. one of the King's Surveyors General, came down and let the demesnes from that time to Michaelmas. 
 Hence it appears, that all the live-stock must have been disposed of immediately. Under this letting, the land, upon an 
 average, produced about 2s. per acre, and cottage-houses from Is. to Gd. and even 4d. The tenants at will, who 
 appear to have been all the inhabitants of the town of Whalley, occupying, for the most part, five, six, or eight acres each, 
 
 paid, in all ^.18 2 9 
 
 Works Silver - 1<2 11 
 
 Demesne Lands .-.-..-.._----- 6^ 11 2 
 
 Of these, one close, called Portfield, containing 18 acres, was let for 34s. The herbage of the 
 park and wood, two miles in circuit, was demised to Sir Alexander Osbaldeston for 12/. ; and 
 
 the folds, containing 60 acres, and St;mden Hey, containing 120 acres, to , for 19/. — 
 
 The Court Grange is mentioned, as is Le Castell. 
 
 ITie Dove-house was let for--- -- 019 
 
 The Tan-house to Simon Haydock and .John Woodroof, (both I supi)ose, of Burnley), for - - 4 
 
 An enormous rent, when the skins of the cattle slaughtered at tiie Abbey were gone. 
 Abbey Mill 100 
 
 t " 1539, July 5th, Seps. Dns. Christopherus Smyth, quondam prior de Whalley."— Reg. Ecc. Par. 
 
 " &c.
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 10? 
 
 " &c. — [These were poor monks who had clung to the old house, like a few surviving bees 
 about a suffocated hive.] — Edward Pedley vicar, et al. hab. & ten. in tam aniiila forma ac 
 " modo ut aliquis abbas de Whalley et conventus tenuerint ratione dissolutionis dicti nuper 
 " monasterii aut ratione attincturae et forisfacturae ultimi abbatis." 
 
 Within four days after this transaction followed a partition of the premises betwixt the two 
 grantees, in which Assheton obtained exclusive possession of the house; but Braddyll retained 
 so much larger a portion of the demesnes, that he paid a compensation to his partner of 
 
 Henceforward the site and demesnes of Whalley are to be considered merely as a lay- 
 fee, and will be noticed once more, in their proper place, under the fam.ilies of Assheton 
 and Braddyll. 
 
 Before we proceed to a survey of the existing remains of Whalley, it may not be improper 
 to premise a few observations on the peculiar construction of monasteries in general, and of the 
 Cistertian houses in particular. These may be considered as a short rationale of Monastic 
 Architecture; and besides their general use, may assist the reader in understanding the grounds 
 upon which the different apartments in the annexed ichnography have been assio-ned to their 
 respective uses. 
 
 1st. Then, the quadrangular mode of building, with apartments opening inward, was, of 
 all others, best adapted both to security and to sequestration ; and, for one or other of these 
 reasons, it was common to the villas of the Greeks and Romans * ; perhaps to temples, with 
 their appendages-}-, to the oriental kanes+, to the castles and greater manor-houses of our 
 English ancestors, to colleges ■^, hospitals, and monasteries. 
 
 But, as monastic institutions had their origin in the East, it may be presumed that the 
 first hint, not indeed of the general form, but of that peculiar disposition of apartments which 
 prevails so generally in this species of building among ourselves, was ultimately brought from 
 thence, yet varied in such particulars as difference of climate, and the consequent necessity of 
 a change of habits, seemed to indicate. 
 
 * These were certainly quadrangular ; and, besides an impluviuni, or, as it is called by Suetonius, Aug. c. 92, a 
 
 compluxium, in the centre, had freq\iently noble colonnades, resembling cloisters, which surrounded them «itiiin. 
 
 Such appears to have been the house of Byrrhena, described in Apuleius Metamorp. I. 2, c. 22. " Atria lon^'fe pul- 
 " cherrinia columnis quadrifariam per singulos angiUos stantibus." — See also Vitruvius, 1. 6. c. 4. 
 
 t A temple discovered at Pompeii, with its dependent offices and apartments, is said to bear a striking resemblance 
 to an ancient convent. 
 
 X The kanes are built in fashion of a cloister, encompassing a court of 30 oi- 40 yards square, more or less, according 
 to the measure of the founder's ability or charity. — Maundrell's Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 4. 
 
 § It may be amusing to trace the features which colleges and monasteries had in common, and those which each 
 possessed apart. — Both, then, were quadrangular; both had cloisters, refectories, common rooms, libraries, and a 
 distinct lodging for the head of the house: both, too, had magnificent gateways ; but the gateway of a monasteiy 
 entered a close, and that of a college the quadrangle. The college had no common dormitory, no chapter-house, and 
 no church but a chapel: this is remarkably true, even in the most splendid collegiate foundations; for that of King's 
 College itself, though equalling many cathedrals in extent, and perhaps surpassing them all in magnificence, in order to 
 presene the collegiate character as distinct from the monastic, was constructed without tower, columns, side ailes, or 
 transept. We are to remember, that Jesus College, in the same university, which lias a regular churcli, is an entire 
 nunnery.— It may perhaps be said that Merton College, Oxfonl, which never was a monastery, is an exception to this 
 nile ; and Magdalen College, with respect to its tower ; but I recollect no other. 
 
 2d.
 
 108 HISTORY OF WHyVLLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II, 
 
 Sd. But, besides, this disposition of apartments, in religious houses, arose partly from the 
 nature of monastic rules, and partly from attention to general coni'enience. 
 
 For the very nature of their rule required, in monks, seclusion from the world ; j'et a 
 necessary regard to health and cheerfulness, even in those who professed to pay little attention 
 to the one, and afi'ected to mortify the other, imperiously demanded that the votaries of religion 
 should sometimes behold a more expanded horizon, and sometimes breatiie a freer air, than that 
 of the cloister. 
 
 The first feature, therefore, of a religious house was the clausum, or close, consisting often 
 of 50, or even 90* acres, surrounded by an high, and sometimes embattled -j^ wall, and 
 entered by one or two magnificent gateways. 
 
 Beyond this enclosure the religious were not regularly permitted to walk or ride, but on the 
 necessary business of the house. 
 
 Within the close were included all the appendages of a large domain, occupied by the own- 
 ers ; as, a grange ;{: or farm-house, barns, stables, mill, &c. The reason of this arrangement, 
 at least in the Northern parts of England, was obvious, as the live-stock and out-buildings of 
 the monastery were thus completely protected, not only against ordinary depredations, but 
 against the more formidable and periodical plunder and conflagrations of the Scots. 
 
 Next was the house itself, situated in the lowest and warmest part of the enclosure ; con- 
 sisting usually of one large quadrangular court, into which the various offices and apartments 
 opened ; and to all these a warm and sheltered access, in every season, was provided, by means 
 of a penthouse cloister, surrounding the whole. 
 
 The Northern side of this quadrangle was formed by the nave of the conventual church, 
 so placed with great judgment, on account of its height and bulk, as in that position it 
 afforded the best shelter against Northern blasts, and in any other would have excluded 
 more or less of sun-shine from the cloister, where the aged monks, who could no longer wander 
 far beyond their cells, would naturally wish, with the Poet, 
 
 " Nostra bibat vernum contracta cuticula solem." — Juv. 
 
 Attached to the end of the South transept, and with it constituting, in part, the east side 
 of the quadrangle, was the vestry, and next the chapter-house, of which the doors and 
 windows are generally observed to be adorned with peculiar care. This situation of the last- 
 mentioned apartment may be considered as universal, except in those magnificent churches 
 where it was placed North of the choir, in which case it was generally circular or octagonal. — 
 In either situation, however, the chapter-house appears to have been a favourite §. 
 
 The chapter-house was always considered as a part of the church, received the same peculiar 
 consecration, and was honoured with the interment of patrons and other great persons. Here, 
 too, all elections were made; hence, all processions commenced after elections; and here, 
 
 * 50 acres is about tlie average, but that of Fountains exceeded 90. 
 
 t We have aheady seen a licence granted by E<hvard \\\. to kernel and embattle the close wall of Whalley. 
 
 J The grange of Whalley seems to have been originally without the close, whicli now makes a very aukward angle, 
 on purpose to comprehend it. 
 
 § Even under the Saxon and Norman arcliitecture, these apartments were very highly adorned; witness the 
 chapter-houses of Bristol, and of Christ chinch, Oxford. They were, however, generally small in those early times, 
 and sometimes underwent a subsequent enlargement, as at Kirkstall. 
 
 lastly
 
 Book II.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 109 
 
 lastly, all acts of discipline* were performed. — All these, but the last, were reasons for its 
 coutiguitv to the former edifice. 
 
 On the same side, and still to the South, is generally found one long ground ■\- room, or 
 sometimes two or three smaller ones, of which, it is rather extraordinary, that the uses have 
 not been clearly ascertained. 
 
 Above, was generally the library, scriptorium, and perhaps the infirmary ; all of which were 
 pulled down to the level of the upper floor at Whalley, when the church, &c. were destroyed 
 by Sir Ralph Assheton. 
 
 Again, opposite to the church, and forming the South side of the quadrangle, were 
 almost universally the refectorj', locutorium;}: or parlour, kitchen, butteries, sculleries, &c. ; a 
 suite of apartments necessarily connected with each other; and in the Cistertian houses, which, 
 as will be proved below, usually stood on the Northern bank of a considerable river, so placed 
 that all the oflTal and filth from the offices passed immediately into the current, without annoyino- 
 any other part of the house. 
 
 The Western side alone remains to be accounted for ; and of this, the higher story was 
 generally the dormitory, often supported by a line of columns § beneath, which, branchino- out 
 into groined arches, formed a magnificently gloomy walk ||. 
 
 This apartment was immediately connected with the South West corner of the church, 
 in order that the religious might pass to their late or early devotions, with the least possible 
 exposure to external air. 
 
 In all this arrangement there appears a great deal of good sense and rational contrivance. 
 
 A very dignified part of the monastery is yet unnoticed, namely, the abbot's lodging, 
 which was usually attached to or a little removed from the south-end corner of the quad- 
 rangle, and so placed as to aflford an easy communication with the cloister, chapter-house, and 
 church. 
 
 This was a distinct residence, pretty much in the style of a large manor-house, and calcu- 
 lated for a splendid establishment, having an hall, kitchen, and sometimes a chapel within itself. 
 
 The remains of this building are very conspicuous at Kirkstall, though in ruins : at Whalley 
 it was, till within the last thirty years, entire. 
 
 In those cathedrals, particularly Durham, which have preserved their monastic form, the 
 
 * jfot tbcji Bcii «lanp fcl ftccta mp fctpe to epp, 
 BotJj prior ant) aubptior anD our patrr abbaa, 
 anc if 3 tcl an? taica ttt^ taken ijnn toac^tre, 
 ant) Do me fast jFriBapa to brco ant) to toatcr, 
 31 atn cl)alcn(!Ct) ant) cijitirn m cbaptct Jjousc, ao 31 a cbrlD toctf, 
 
 ant) bclaccD on ti/c bate , ant) no btrccb bcttotfn. 
 
 Such is the complaint of the merry and mischievous Friar Wrath, in " Piers Plowman, " fol. xxiii. 
 
 f Vide E. F. on the ground plan. 
 
 + The Locutorium at U'lialley was evidently that pleasant apartment, with a fire-place, projecting at the South-east 
 corner of the cloister, towards the river. 
 
 § The workmen are now (May 1800) digging up the remains of these columns from beneath the dormitory of 
 Kirkstall. 
 
 II This still remains entire at Fountains, a ruin fron wliich more of the economy of monastic architecture may be 
 learned, than from any other in the kingdom. 
 
 protestant
 
 no HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book 11.— Chap II. 
 
 protestant deans having occupied the apartments of their excluded predecessors the priors, the 
 deanery is yet found precisely in this relative situation *. 
 
 For this position also of the abbot's or prior's apartments, a good reason may be assigned ; 
 for, in the quadrangle there was evidently no room for them ; placed to the North of the church 
 they would have been cold and dark ; to the West, too remote from the choir and chapter- 
 house ; and to the South, immediately in the way of kitchens and offices. No situation re- 
 mained, therefore, but to the South-east, or immediately opposite to the choir, where they 
 united the advantages of shelter, sun-shine, and contiguity to those parts of the house where 
 the abbot's presence was most frequently required. 
 
 With respect to that peculiar instinct, if it may be so called, which seems to have dictated 
 to the Cistertians, in the choice of situations, at least for their northern houses, it may be 
 observed, that though they affected to plant themselves in the solitude of woods, which were to 
 be gradually essarted by the labour of their own hands, and though they obtained an exemption 
 from the payment of tithes on that specific plea, yet they were excellent judges of the quality 
 of land, however concealed, and never set about their laborious task without the assurance of 
 an ample recompence. 
 
 But, if any conclusion can be formed from the scenery which they affected, they must have 
 been men of taste as well as judgir t, who had better eyes for landscape than their abstracted 
 patron, St. Bernard -|-. 
 
 A copious stream to the South, a moderate expanse of rich meadow and pasture around, 
 and an amphitheatre of sheltering hills, clad in the verdant covering of their native woods 
 beyond ; these were features in the face of Nature which the earlier Cistertians courted with 
 instinctive fondness ; where these combined it does not appear that they ever abandoned a 
 
 * To illustrate these remarks, compare the annexed ground-plan with those of Kirkstall and Fountains, in Burton's 
 Men. Ebor. and with Browne Willis's Ichnography of the cathedral of Durham, vol. I. p. 2'23. 
 
 On the progress of Norman and Gothic architecture, as displayed in these buildings, I forbear to make any 
 remarks, for the subject has often been treated, of late, and is now pretty generally undei'stood. But if the reader 
 wishes to see it discussed in a masterly manner, he is referred to Mr. Bentham's Remarks, History of Ely, Sect. 5 and 6, 
 where he will find the genuine science of .lames Essex, united with the fine taste and critical discernment of Mr. Gray ; 
 or to Observations on the Faery C^ueene, vol. II. froivi ]). 184 to 198, by Mr. Thomas Warton, who has treated Norman 
 and Gothic architecture, not, indeed, with professional e.xactness, but with that felicity of real genius which illustrates 
 and adorns every subject that it touches. To all these may now be added, the more elaborate and critical elucidations 
 of Dr. Milncr. 
 
 f St. Bernard, in a Rt of devout abstraction, is said to have walked a whole day along the Lake of Lausanne without 
 perceiving it, (Vita Bernardi, 1. 3, c. 1, p. 2014, edit. Par. 16.3'2.) For this absence of mind or want of taste, he is 
 sneered at by Mr. Gibbon, (Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, c. .59,) who certainly beheld the same scene from 
 the windows of his library at Lausanne, with no mixture of those affections which engaged the abbot of Clareval. 
 
 I cannot often accord either in my feelings or conclusions with this great, but disingenuous historian, yet, in the 
 present instance, 1 c;'n no more conceive than himself, how piety is promoted by insensibility, or how the sanctity of 
 Bernard would ha\<4becn endangered by a moderate use of his eyes in contemplating some of the most beautiful works 
 of the Creator. 
 
 I h.iv e what was meant for a portrait of Bernard, in painted glass, preserved out of the wreck of the long gallery 
 at VVhalley, but it is only appropriated by the crozier, the glory, and the white Cistertian gown ; for the man who sat 
 for this picture must have been a plump and jovial monk of later days, not the pale and meagre saint, much attenuated 
 by the discipline, and more by the disease of fasting : for Bernard was long afllicted by a constriction (jf the oesophagus. 
 How happy for himself that he thought abstinence a duty. 
 
 situation
 
 Book II —Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. HI 
 
 situation which they had once chosen ; and where these were wanting, it is certain that they 
 never long or wiUingly remained. 
 
 Thus Tulket, which was abandoned for Furness, Stanlaw for Whalley, and Barnoldswick 
 for Kirkstall, though not deficient in general fertility, wanted all these peculiarities of situation 
 and beauties of landscape. 
 
 We now proceed to a particular survey of the remains of Whalley Abbey as they exist at 
 present. First, then, the whole area of the close, containing 36 acres, 3 roods, I4 poles, is 
 still defined by the remains of a broad and deep trench which surrounded it ; over this were 
 two approaches to the house through two strong and stately gateways yet remaining. They 
 are constructed in that plain and substantial style which characterized the Cistertian houses, a 
 style which approximates to that of fortification, and shews that the monks did not obtain a 
 licence to kernel and embattel, without an end in view. Within this area, and on the verge of 
 Calder, which formed the South-west boundary of the close, was the house itself, consisting of 
 three quadrangles, besides stables and offices. Of these, the first and most westerly was the 
 cloister court, of which the nave of the conventual church formed the North side ; the chapter- 
 house and vestry yet remaining, the East ; the dormitory, also remaining, the West; and the 
 refectory and kitchens the South. The cloister was of wood, supported, as usual, upon corbels 
 still remaining; the area within was the monks cemetery, id some ancient gravestones are still 
 remembered within it. Against the wall, on the South side of this quadrangle, is a wide sur- 
 based arch, apparently of Henry the Vllth's time, which has evidently contained the lavatory. 
 The groove of the lead pipe which conveyed the water, is still conspicuous, as is also another 
 for the reception of a wooden rail, on which the towels hung. Beyond this court, to the East, 
 is another quadrangular area, formed by the choir of the church on one side, the opposite side 
 of the chapter-house, &c. on another, a line of ruinous buildings on the third, and a large 
 distinct building, itself surrounding a small quadrangle, on the fourth. This appears evidently 
 to have been the abbot's lodgings ; for which reason, as being best adapted to the habits 
 of an ordinary famil}', it immediately became the residence of the Asslietons ; and after many 
 alterations, and a demolition of its best apartments, particularly a gallery nearly 150 feet in 
 length, has still several good and habitable rooms, and is now preserved with due care by 
 its owner. The ancient kitchen, the Coquina Abb^ of the Compottis, whence such heca- 
 tombs were served up, remains, though roof-less, with two huge fire-places. On the southern 
 side of this building is a small but very picturesque and beautiful ruin mantled with ivy, 
 which appears to have been a chapel, and was probably the abbot's private oratory. But 
 the conventual church itself, which exceeded many cathedrals in extent, has been levelled 
 nearly to the foundation. This work of havock was probably an effect of that general panic 
 which seized the lay-owners of abbeys, on the attempt made by Queen Mary to restore the 
 monks to their cloisters. " For now," says Fuller, " the edifices of abbeys, which were still 
 " entire, looked lovingly again on their ancient owners, in prevention whereof, such as pos- 
 " sessed them for the present, plucked out their eyes by levelling tliem to the ground, and 
 " shaving from them, as much as they could, all abbey characters *." 
 
 However, in the month of August, I798, permission having been obtained from the 
 
 * From the following particulars, which I have siucc met with in the Account Books of Sir Ralphe Assheton, it 
 
 appears that a considerable part of the church, together with much of the cloister court, remained above 120 years after 
 
 the dissolution, when they were demolished at a considerable expence, and for no assignable cause : — 
 
 "1661.
 
 112 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 guardian of the present owner, to investigate the foundation by digging, a very successful 
 attempt was made to retrieve the whole ichnography of the church, of which there were no 
 remains above the surface to assist conjecture, or to guide research, but one jamb of the West 
 window against the wall of the dormitory, a small portion of the South wall of the nave, a 
 fragment of the South transept, and another jamb of one of the side chapels eastward from the 
 last. An inequality in the ground, eastward from the transept in an adjoining orchard, shewed 
 the half-pace into the choir, of which the outline to the North and East was also defined in the 
 same manner. Upon these slender data we proceeded first to investigate the foundations of the 
 columns towards the West end, and having ascertained the distance of one from the South wall, 
 the width of the South aile, and consequently of the North, followed of course ; another 
 digging immediately to the North, ascertained the width of the middle aile, and a third from 
 East to West, gave one intercolunmiation ; the length of the nave being already given by the 
 remains of the transept, the number of columns was now proved. A right line drawn aloncr 
 the remnant of the South wall, and continued to the intersection of the nave and transept, 
 proved the length of the latter on the South side, and consequently also on the North. The 
 choir evidently appeared to have consisted of a presbytery, with two side ailes and four other 
 chapels ; two to the North, and as many to the South. 
 
 The site of the choir being determined, it remained to investigate its contents beneath the 
 surface ; accordingly, under the high altar nothing appeared but a bed of undisturbed and native 
 sand; but beneath the second half-pace, immediately leading up to it, were turned up many 
 broken remains of a painted pavement, consisting of small glazed floor tiles, adorned with 
 
 " 1661, Pd. for pulling down the old walls over the inner close, 11. 10«. 6rf. 
 
 " 1662, Pulling downe the old abbey walls this winter : 
 
 " P" Henry Clayton and Ja» Rushton in pt for pulling down the old part of the steeple and those side walls ad- 
 " joining to it, at 3rf. per yard, 26s. Sd. More to them, being the whole, for pulling down 223 yds, as pernote 
 " 29i. 2irf. 
 
 " More to Do. for pulling down the end of the close wall next to Gilly's house, and a peice adjoining to the barn 
 " side, at 6d. per yard, 25s. 6d. 
 
 " More to them for pulling down 136^ y<ls of the old steeple, at 4d. per yard, 2/. '>s. Jd- 
 
 " Pd in part for pulling down 14 y's of the highe cloister walls ne.\t the dove coat, at Gd. 's. More, in full, for 
 ■" the same side, 9rf. 
 
 " In jiart for the other, &c. &c. In all, for this work, V. 15s. Sd. 
 
 " V^ John Gilbert for taking down the great window or door at the head of stairs in the cloisters." 
 
 To compensate, however, for this havoc. Sir Ralph Assheton, in the year 166", fitted up the Long Gallery, which, in 
 little more than a century, followed the fate of its predecessors, and is itself become a ruin, without the charm of 
 antiquity. 
 
 This work of destruction left a very curious remain for future speculation. In the South wall of the building which 
 1 have called the dormitory is a hollow space, almost from top to bottom, which has apparently had no opening but by 
 a breach in the wall. It contains a narrow staircase, at the bottom of which is a small arched space on the level ground, 
 just capable of containing a narrow bed, and at the top is a narrow opening through one of the e.tternal buttresses of 
 tlie building for air and light. It could not, therefore, be intended for the tremendous Vade in Pacem, but it was, 
 probably, (he " teter et fortis career" for refractory monks, into which the Liber Lcci Benedieti informs us that one of 
 the fraternity was thrust for attempting to stab the Abbot of Kirkstall in the chapter-house. The breach through the 
 wall by which this singular excavation i.s entered, is now wide enough to admit a man's body with some difficulty ; but, 
 as there is no appearance of a door-way, the probability is, that the prisoner was walled up, and that a small aperture 
 only was left to admit his provisions. Had he been left to expire in his dungeon, it is evident that no apert\ire would 
 have been left for light or air. 
 
 various
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 11$ 
 
 various devices, and of different forms and dimensions. At the foot of the stalls a narrow 
 rectihnear filleting, of the same material, had bounded the whole. On some was inscribed the 
 word 00!SR16 in Longobardic characters. 
 
 This pavement had been deeply bedded in mortar, but was altogether displaced, and turned 
 down from one to three feet beneath the surface, where several skeletons were found very 
 entire, and in their original position, but without any remains of cofHns, vestments, or other 
 ornaments, as appeared upon a most minute investigation. These, however, were, beyond a 
 doubt, the abbots of Whalley. From the confused state of the original pavement, the whole 
 floor of the presbytery, from the foot of the stalls, appeared to have been successively covered 
 with gravestones, all of which, however, had been removed, excepting fragments of two ; one 
 of these had a groove, once inlaid with a filleting of brass, and the other, beneath which lay 
 the skeleton of a tall and robust man, had deeply cut upon it the stump of a tree raguled. This, 
 I conjecture, to have been a thorn, intended as a rebus upon the name of Christopher Thornber, 
 the fifteenth abbot, who died in i486. In this search we narrowly missed the fragments of the 
 gravestone of Abbot Lindley, which were casually turned up on this very spot A. D. 1813. On 
 one, in the Longobardic character of Edward the Third's time, were the letters lOp, and on 
 the other— AJ pVIV. 
 
 From these data, slender as they may seem, I arrive at my conclusion, thus: 1st, None 
 but Abbots were interred in the high choir ; 2d, The characters cannot be later than the 
 latter end of Edward the Third, when the old English black letter was substituted in its 
 place. From the foundation to this time, three Johns had been Abbots of Whalley, Belfield, 
 TopcliflTe, and Lindley. The termination of the surname must have immediately preceded 
 the word hiijus, but the letters AJ can only have formed the termination of Lindelai, the old 
 orthography of the word. 
 
 The remains of the Lacies, wherever deposited after their removal from Stanlaw, had 
 undoubtedly been preserved with religious reverence, and inclosed in magnificent tombs. But 
 in these researches there were no appearances which justified even a conjecture that we had 
 discovered them. 
 
 Where they were placed after their translation, is perhaps of little importance ; but 
 the following indulgence, granted with a view to facilitate that work, will gratify the curious 
 reader. 
 
 " Univ^, &c. Nos CEnianus mis'' div. Bangorensis eccl' episcopus notum fieri volumus per 
 praesentes, quod, de Dei Omnipotentis misericordia et gloriose Virginis Marie omniumq' Sanc- 
 torum meritis confisi, omnibus nobis jure diocesano subjectis et aliis quorum diocesani banc 
 nostram indulgentiam ratam habuerint, vel penitentibus qui ad mon"" Loci Benedicti de Stanlaw, 
 ord. Cist. Covent. et Litcf. dioc. accesserint et ibiii pro animabus constabular' Cestr. et comitum 
 Lincoln fundatorum d<^« domus, et quorum corpora ib'm sepulture traduntur, devotas preces 
 fuderint Altissimo, vel qui ad emendalionem periculosi accessus ad dictum mon°' de bonis sibi 
 a Deo coUatis aliquam eleemosynam fecerint, vel si contingat propter periculum maris fugiendum 
 dictum mon™ ab eo loco amoveri, et fratres in loco tutiori sibi habitaculum quaerere, et ossa 
 patronorum suorum pdictorum et aliorum nobilium il3m humatorum inde ad locum quieti 
 religiosorum competentiorem transferre — qui ad ista procuranda d'ctis Fr' condigna caritatis 
 
 /J subsidia
 
 U4 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 subsidia fecerint, xxx dies de injungcnda eis secundum antiques canones poenitentia relaxamus. 
 Dat. apud Aberconvvey in Snavvdon', incipiente an. D*" mcclxxxiii. et a. r. reg. Edvv. fil. reg. 
 Hen. XI." * 
 
 The conquest of VV^ales was now completed ; and, accordingly, bishop CEnian speaks of 
 the Conqueror as his sovereign. No reasonable account can be given of this indulgence from 
 so remote a prelate, but that Henry de Lacy was attending upon Edward the First, at Conway 
 Castle, then either building or recently built, where he met the bishop of Bangor coming to 
 pay his court also. 
 
 The mention of Aberconwav, in Snowdona, is, perhaps, an older authority than Mr. Pen- 
 nant was acquainted with, for styling the environs of that mountain Snowdonia. 
 
 Since the first edition of this work was printed off, several original documents relating to 
 Whalley Abbey have come to light. The first of these is a thick octavo volume, entitled, 
 " Liber Loci Benedicti de Whalley," the contents of which are very miscellaneous. It seems 
 to have been a kind of original register, or day-book, beginning with the translation of the 
 convent from Stanlaw, and ending about the year 1346. The whole is extremely abbreviated, 
 and difficult to be read. The contents are, minutes of leases and other contracts, letters, tables 
 of weights and measures, sermons, and poetry. Of these, the most curious specimens are 
 given below. The two first are letters from Gregory de Norbury, the first abbot, to Elias de 
 Workesley, afterwards his successor, and to William de Brooke, who was probably professor 
 of divinity at Oxford, when the former took his doctor's degree in that faculty. The academical 
 reader will observe that the language of the schools was the same five centuries ago as at present. 
 To respond and to incept, at least, have the same meaning now. 
 
 " Monacho cum responderit. Salutem in Christo. Scripsit nobis Nonnus-|- W. de B. quod 
 in scholis nostris nuper publice et honorifice respondisti, de quo novit Deus gavisi sumus admo- 
 dum, utpote profectum tuum totis visceribiis affectantes. Ouod autem nuituatio pecunie te 
 gravavit ex nobis ipsis conjicimus, quia similia passi sumus, nee tamen defectum tuum ad plenum 
 relevare possumus. Ista vice facimus quod possumus, mittentes per latorem praesentium xs. 
 sterling, et alios x*. pollard |: : et per vicarium de Whalley xx*. pollard:}:: alii qui permiserint 
 non erant; de iis in posterum sis securus, nee te moveat quod plures sterlingos non mittimus 
 ut rogasti, quod revera a tempore recessus tui non increverint thesauriam nostram de nostris 
 receptis v*. sterl. Mittimus per eundem latorem ad opus nonni -j- W. de B. xx*. quorum me- 
 dietas est de sterl. et 2*^* de pollard. Ceierum si possitis agere cum mag™ H. prece vel precio 
 quod ipse impertierit nobis licentiam remanendi a capitulo per literam d"' Cistertiensis quod 
 graviter infirmati sumus anno isto necdum plene convaluimus, multum ei tenebimur, et tue 
 utilitati possemus commodius providere. Vale semp. in Xro frater et fill karissime, qui te cus- 
 todiat, et spiritu proficere faciat in sauctitate et virtute." 
 
 * From the original al XMialley Abbey. 
 
 t Nonnus was a title of reverence, whose origin and etymology are very uncertain. Juniores, priores Nonnos 
 vocant. Reg. Sc'i Benedicti, cap. 6^, ap. Du Cange, in voce. From the feminine Nonna, which is used by St. Jerom 
 in Ep. ad Eustocliium, is undoubtedly deri^ed the word Nun. 
 
 X Pollards and Crokards were a base coinage, cried down in l'2i>i), about the date of this letter. See Mat. West- 
 minster in that year, and Spelnian's Gloss, voce Pollard. 
 
 " Scolari
 
 Book ir.— Chap, ir.] HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. .,1^ 
 
 " Scolari * ad congratulandum cum inceperit. Kariss" sue si placet mag'°et amico nonno 
 W. de B. Fr. Gregorius vocatus abbas de Whalley. Ad congratulandum vobis et sancte so- 
 cietati scholarium in inceptionis vestre solempnitate affectuosissime vellemiis-f- si corporis imbe- 
 cillitas permiserit, sed absque corpore, spiritu vobiscum erimus, orantes Deum, ut hie possitis 
 cum honore et in gloria consummare. Caeterum pro beneficiis quae dilecto filio et commonacho 
 nostro Fr. Helie facitis et fecistis, vestre dilectioni ad quantas et quales possumus gratiarum 
 assurgimus actiones, salutantes vos per eundem, sicut ad praesens potuimus respicientes, non 
 tamen sicut voluimus, D"' novit, si facultas voluntati copiositate respondisset. Valete semper 
 in D"" IHU Xfo, salutantes ex parte nostra si placet magistrum cum scholaribus et omnes alios 
 quos vestra dilectio decreverit salutandos." 
 
 'Ihe next epistle relates to the oppression which the abbot and his house experienced from 
 bishop Langton, who, in addition to his jurisdiction over them as their diocesan, was now 
 treasurer of England. 
 
 " ArchidiaconoCestrensi frater Gregorius vocatus abbas de Whalley. Quod verum sit illud 
 verbum in Evangelio in mundo pressuram habebitis cotidie nostris angustiis experimur. In 
 
 hujus enim mundi mare magno flebiliter fluctuantes dum ad portum pervenire, 
 
 negato respirationis solatio, proh dolor, ab hiis qui passis compati de jure debuerant repellimur 
 in profundum. Ecce enim episcopus Covent. et Lich. quern secundo ab urbe redeuntem 
 duplicem nobis gratiam et benevolentiam speravinius reportasse, vice versa duplici nos afflic- 
 tione fatigat, quia solutis jam eidem per nos c marcis de illis mille in quibus ei tenebamur, 
 quas per ministros regios immisericorditer de bonis nostris temporalibus fecit fieri concussas 
 cum precaremur ipsum de residuo mitius acturum, alteram aciem bis acutam ad ecclesiastica 
 jam convertens omnia bona nostra ecclesiastica venditioni exposuit praeconizari faciens in ec- 
 clesiis comitatus et mercatibus ut ad certos diem et locum convenirent empturi de bonis nostris 
 quanti sibi viderentur plus valere. Ob hoc, venerande d"^ et amice, rescribere dignemini quod 
 vobis videbitur." 
 
 The same circumstances drew from the abbot this eloquent and affecting complaint, ad- 
 dressed to Thomas of Lancaster: 
 
 " Une Playnte, A treshonorable home et sun tres cher seigneur en deu sire Thomas de Lan- 
 caster. Frere Gregor abbe de Whalley Saluz. Pur ceo qe tout nostre esperaunce de socour 
 en terre principalmente pent en vous sire apres nostre avowe et seigneur le counte de Nichole a 
 vo' come a soveyn ayde terrien mustrouns no' grevaunces. Sachez honure sir q' nostre evesq. 
 de Cestr' par sun poer et mal volente q'il ad eu ja lungement devers nos a tort en taunt ad nos 
 grevaunces et ennu3-s compasse countre la priere du rey, de nostre seigneur le counte, de vos 
 sire, voz mercy et de autres plusours noz amys e outre mesure tendue et fet nos ad escuineger 
 
 * William de Brooke, a Benedictine, had taken his doctor's degree, with great magnificence, in 129S, a little 
 before this time. Wood, Hist, et Antiq. Univ. Oxf. 1. L p. ^4. With whatever credit to himself Worsley had performed 
 his exercises, the abbot's slender remittances would be very inadequate to the expensive feastings formerly used on 
 those occasions. For which see Wood, ibid. 
 
 t Adesse seems to be wanting. 
 
 depecea
 
 116 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 depecea et les phiis avaunt de nostre mesun, q^ la deneyent guyer et apres la sentence la cap- 
 tioun sur no* pchase, par riut nous ne osouns en les ammones nostre avowe demorer, ne ne 
 poums order en religioun garder, ne service Deii en nostre Dette a noz beinfetours mortz ou 
 vifs render, ne autre estat de religioun ineyntenir, uies forbaniz de countee en countce fuyr. 
 Dount nos vo^ requerouns cher seigneur pur Deu et pur voz graunz bounteez q^ pite vo* em- 
 prenge de nos et voillez sire q'nt verrez cure convenable prier nostre seigneur le rey pur nos, 
 q* il, si li plest, pur lamour le counte et vostre priere sire, comaunde estat de religioun a nos 
 estre grauntee et alegge noz ennuys avaunt nomeez jusq' le venue nostre avowe en terre; kar 
 mout harrians voidre ses ammones pur rien, q' puist avenir sans sun comaundment, q« si 
 fraunchement les ad graunte a nos. E sachez sire q^ ne mye par nostre defavvte nos fet nostre 
 evesque en tortz et duresces, countre le graunt de la court de Rome et countre les apeaus q^ fet 
 avouns a mesme la court, mes pur sa dur volunte demaunde a queus nos ne poums atteyndre. 
 Dount, cher sire, pite vo' emprenge. Salutz en IHU. Xt, q<' vo' garde cors et alme et la dame 
 vostre compaynge et bone engendrure vos doynt." 
 
 The subject of the next letter is of little importance; but I have preserved it as the only 
 address which the " Liber Loci Benedicti" affords to the founder. 
 
 " A noble vier et lur cher seigneur sire Henri de Lacye counte de Nichole. Abbe e le covent 
 de Whalley saluz, reverence et honour. Cher sire nos vos poms especialment q'^ Ric. de R. 
 nostre clerk portour de ceste lettre voillez si vo* plest ayder et counsailler entour noz besoignes 
 purchaser en la court de Rome q^ nos ne avons pas le leisur ore aparmes mes de purveer autre 
 clerk. E sire les coustages et les mises q^ vo* frees en leide e le counsail entour no* besoignes a 
 vos volouns pleinment restorer, sicome est contenu en une lettre obligatoire la quele nos vos 
 aveoms ; e sachez sire q<= nos avouns done poer a mesmes cele Ric. a obliger notre mesoun a 
 certeine soume de aver per vostre counsail. E donez fey, sire, si vo' plest, a ceo, q^ le vaunt 
 dist Ric. vo' dirra de Bouche de part nos — " 
 
 " A Deu, sire, q« vo'^ garde a touz jours." 
 
 After this letter of credit follows another to the bearer, to borrow sixty marks, a quocunque 
 potuerU Christiano. Principle and prudence alike forbad the monks to be indebted to Jews. 
 
 Next follows an apology from abbot Gregory, on the plea of bad health, for not obeying a 
 summons to parliament ; and an appointment of a proxy. 
 
 " Quia adversa corporis valetudine ad praesens prgepediti, cum praelatis, magnatibus et patribus 
 regni coram d"° rege in pari" suo London, secundu die Dominica quadragesime proxime future 
 ad colloquendum et tractauduui super negotiis dictum d™ regem contingentibus personaliter 
 mteresse nequimus. Dilectum commonachum nostrum F"' E. de R. procuratorem, sen excusa- 
 
 torem nostrum, ordinamus, facimus et constituimus per prcEsentes ratum habentes et 
 
 gratum quK^quid per eundem nomine nostro et communi cleri ac ordinis nostri ibidem coram 
 (joo rggg fuerit ordinatuni." 
 
 The next is a commendatory epistle to the abbot of Kirkstall, sent with a delinquent monk. 
 It is accompanied with a kind of pass. 
 
 Venerabili
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 117 
 
 " Venerabili in X*" Patri d"° ab. de K(irkstall). Quia ex decreto visitatorum nostrorum lator 
 
 praesentium Fr. * Monachus noster et sacerdos pense conspirationis est addictus, et eandem 
 
 penitentiam hiimiliter et devote per annum et amplius peregerit, quem salva pace fratrum et 
 ordinis disciplina ad praesens in domo nostra retinere non possumus, dilectam paternitatem 
 vestram attentius exoramus, ut eundem cum debita vestium quantitate ad vos missum inter 
 vestros ad tempus retinere velitis, quousque licentiam babuero revocandi eundem in capitulo 
 generali. Ita quod sit ultimus sacerdotum in ecclesia, nee celebret ; omni sexta feria in adventu 
 et quadragesima in pane et aqua poenitens in capitulo accipiat disciplinam, nisi grandis solemp- 
 nitas vel eventus aliquis solempnis exegerit dispensationem. Valeat vra paternitas." 
 
 These are very curious particulars in the monastic discipline. 
 
 " Universis, &c. abbas Loci Benedicti de Whalley et ejusdem loci conventus, sal™ in D"°. 
 Latorem praesentium Fr. Monachum nostrum, quem ad abbatiam de K(irkstall) trans- 
 mittimus, universitati vestre recommendamus, attentius supplicantes quatenus eidem per vos 
 transeunti, nullam molestiam, dampnum, seu gravamen inferri permittatis, sed in vie et vite 
 necessariis quibus indignerit misericorditer assistatis, eterna pro temporalibus recepturi. 
 
 " Veruntamen pedes est." 
 
 Several inferences may be drawn from the singular document before us. First, Kirkstall, 
 which, being of the same order and of the foundation of the same family, is undoubtedly 
 expressed by the initial K, was little more than forty miles from Whalley. Yet a poor monk 
 could not travel on foot from one to the other, without some risk of being robbed, or otherwise 
 injured. Secondly, there were no inns by the way. Thirdly, his pass, though addressed to 
 all men, was in Latin ; consequently, all but the Clergy, and some perhaps of them, must 
 have taken the bearer's word for the meaning of it. I strongly suspect, therefore, that the 
 English language, at this time, was scarcely written at all. French was the Court language, 
 and in French the monks wrote to their patrons. There is not a vestige of their native tongue 
 in this volume, though filled with minutes of the most familiar transactions. 
 
 "Abb*' de B". Frater Gregorius dictus abbas de Whalley. Fratrem L monachum vestrum 
 Dominica Septima cum plenitudine vestium recepimus, minori tamen quam eidem in hac regione 
 qitce frigldisslma est, precipiie hiemis tempore, perspeximus oportere. Unde pro certo noveritis 
 quod ipsius indigentiam libentissime suppleremus, sed tantis debitis sumus ad praesens onerati 
 quod nostris propriis prout decet vel oportet indumenta non possumus providere ; quapropter 
 paternitatem vestram rogamus quod eidem subvenire dignemini. Ceterum, cum calamus quas- 
 satus non sit omnino contundendus, preces affectuosas pro ipso et cum ipso porrigimus quatenus 
 ab hac ignominiosissima poena in hoc instanti Cap" Gen' vestra ope absolvitur, et ad propria 
 matris gremium misericorditer revocetur — scientes certissime, si id fecistis, quod de ejus anima 
 quam regendam suscepistis secur^ respondebimus." 
 
 This epistle is probably addressed to the abbot of Byland. It affords another proof that 
 the climate of the hilly part of Lancashire was much colder formerly tlian at present. No one 
 would now feel it necessary to make a change in his clothing, after he had removed from any 
 of the adjoining counties to Whalley. 
 
 * A word is «anting. 
 
 Hitherto
 
 115 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book 11.— Chap. II. 
 
 Hitherto we have seen the monastic disciphne, as exercised upon humbled and penitent 
 offenders : the next Memorandum lays open a scene of desperate and incorrigible depravity. 
 
 " Pateat per praesentes quod nos W. dictus abbas de C(umbermere) concomitantibus ven' 
 abbate de V. R. (Valle Regali) et d"° R. coabbati nostro de D(eulacres) ad filialem domum de 
 Whalley accessimus ad literae d"' abbatis Cistertii nobis direct» executionem faciendam — super 
 inq* emissionis Fr. R. de A. monachi de Whalley, qui dicto d"" abb. Cistertii retulit se per ven. 
 abb' de Fontibus et de Kirkstall minus just^ a domo propria fuisse eliminatum — quibus data 
 fuit plenaria commissio per praed. abb™ domum de Whalley visitandi. 
 
 " Invenimus dictae domus venerabilem abb. ab omnibus criminibus per praedictum Fr. R. de 
 
 A. et complices suos maliciosfe impositis legitima purgatione totius conventus injuriose 
 
 et dictum Fr. R. rite et juste emissum — Insuper non solum diligenti inquisitione mediante, 
 verum etiam public;! fama omnium conventualium conclamante, indisciplinatum nimis et exor- 
 dinatum — necnon, ct quod dolentes referimus, ii longo retroacto tempore gravibus viciis et 
 sordibus diffamatum, utpote conspirationis, furti, ac incontinentie criminibus miserabiliter 
 iiiquinatum, et quod magis dolendum in venerab. abb. de Kirkstall coram nobis in pleno capi- 
 tulo cum cultello acuminato exerto manus injecit violentas. Pro quibus excessibus intolerandis 
 ipsum carceri perpetuo decrevimus mancipandum." 
 
 I have ventured to fill up the initials of these abbots Valeroyal, Deulacres, and Cumber- 
 mere : the last of whom was Richard de Rodierd, formerly a monk of Whalley, where he was 
 interred, A.D. 1316. The criminal appears to have been fr' Ric. de Aston. 
 
 " Rev° patr. in X*" abb. de Sevigny, fr. Greg, abbas de Whalley. Licet tanquam filius non 
 degener vobis esse debemus, honoris causa, non oneris, multum tamen donee Fortuna blandior 
 ariserit onus nostrum supplices vobis imponimus, honorem cum D"" voluerit libentius impensuri. 
 Cum igiturjamdiu gravi infirmitate detenti anno isto ad capitulum generale propter imbecilli- 
 tatem corporis accedere non possumus, et ob hoc literatorie nostram illic absentiam excusemus, 
 vobis, sancte pater, ea quae ibidem haberemus facere suggerimus, ut vestro si placet consilio et 
 auxilio fulciantur. Imprimis pecuniam — et rogamus, ut si contributio Angligenis per capi- 
 tulum imposita, quam propter inhibitionem regiam sub poena gravi in Anglia solvere vel trans 
 mare mittere non audemus, solvi debeat omni modo ; vos si placet pro rata nostra cavere velitis 
 vel a tnercatoribus mutuando vel alias prout potueritis faciendo, et nos mandate vestro super hiis 
 indilate respondebimus. Est autem portio nos contingens xxxii/. et di. marc, sterl. Item ut 
 emissi nostri pro conspiratione jam per triennium possint licit^, si se humiliaverint et conventus 
 consenserit revocari, vel saltem ubi moram traxerint de licentia caj)ituli celebrare, et monachi 
 novicii aput nos recipi non vetentur. Item quod vicinus abbas noster de dom. Sallay, quae per v 
 leucas a nobis distat, et sita est in provincia separata, in qua nee passum pedis habemus de terra, 
 nee domus nostra in aliquo communicat, sepius comminatus est de nimia propinquitate nostra 
 se in capitulo conquesturum, si de hoc fieri mentioneni audieritis, pro nobis interponere digne- 
 mini preces vestras. Audacius scripsimus vobis, non quod in aliquo horum minimo metuerimus 
 exaudiri, sed inde trahentes fiduciam quod in omnibus agendis vestram solitam bonitatem nobis 
 sensimus. Valeat vestra rev. paternitas in D"° J. X°. Nee valeat in eternum qui nos nuper 
 turbavit in Anglia, nisi rcsipuerit et digne correxerit culpam suam." 
 
 Abbot
 
 Book II. — Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 119 
 
 Abbot Norbnry is always pleading indisposition. The tremendous curse, in the end of 
 this letter, must have been meant either for Edward the First, or bishop Langton his treasurer — 
 the sovereign or the diocesan of the writer! As Norbury died in I309, all the foregoing papers 
 are to be dated between the year 1296 and that time. 
 
 During tlie reign of Edward the Second, I meet with few memorials in the " Liber 
 ♦' Loci Benedicti." The latter part of the Volume affords two curious poetical compositions of 
 the earlier part of Edward the Third's time. The first is a sarcastic effusion of triumphant 
 loyalty after the battle of Nevile's Cross, in the form of an epistle from David Bruce to his 
 friend Philip de Valoys, whom the writer was too good a courtier to style respectively kings of 
 France or Scotland. 
 
 Ore escoutez de Davyd le Bruys 
 
 Come a Philip de Valoys 
 Maund Saluz. 
 
 Per ceo q' avouiis entenduz 
 
 Q' moute de gens avouns perduz. 
 
 Vos fate a savoir q* bien tard 
 
 Si avouns fate n're parte 
 Tant avouns tenuz 
 
 Vos maundements q° nos somes perduz 
 E nos gents 
 
 La t're de Scoce . . . refuse. • 
 
 Et en Engletre sude .... 
 
 Tent soul saunz nul amy 
 E' en garde d'autruy 
 
 Jeo me confesse a toute genie 
 Q.' trop avouns fate malement 
 
 Q,"' nos cirq^ams en Enj^letre 
 En absence le rey de lever guerre 
 Gare nos non avoions rein a faire 
 Mes meschaunce per nos gagner. 
 Nos entendisines bein passer 
 Per my la terre saunz distourbar 
 Meis* I'ercevesq' ove poeir graunt 
 Nos vynt toust encountraunt 
 Le Percy et le Moubray se . . . . 
 
 Bien al journay 
 Nos n'avoyons grace ne poeir 
 Encontre lour battaile oster 
 A la novelle f Croyce de Dur'em, 
 La p'dymes nostre realme, 
 La fumes pris en fuaunt; 
 Phelip gardez vos de taunt, 
 Q« fumes pris en nostre trespas, 
 
 Dount sumes venuz de haul en bas, 
 Come la Fortune est ordyne, 
 P'mes mountains de gre en gre 
 Q"' estoy ven^ al pluys liaut 
 Vos me mandastes p* vite 
 Q'en Engletre ne . . . . trove 
 Fors chappellayns dames et moignes 
 Et autres femes et berchers 
 Meys trovames illocques grand gent 
 E ceo nos vynt confusement 
 Dount nos avouns bien aparceu 
 Q' le Rey de ceil est toust somelu 
 En q'il sott ove son poeir 
 Le Uei du ceil luy voet aider 
 P^ceo sumes de sa p'tie — 
 Es coutez Philip q"" jeo en die 
 Tout soto* il nostre tVere en ley 
 Moult avons trespasse vers luy 
 E tu Philip en grant outrage 
 Retinez son heritage ; 
 Estoit a grant sir a\aiint 
 
 Heritage est discendaunt. 
 Q^ nul horn' redue pote juger 
 Q,*^ heritage doit vemounter 
 Mes descendre de gre en gre, 
 Cest est Ley p"' veritie. 
 Mon pere Rob*- qn't il visgist 
 Roy de Scose, a tort lui fist 
 Et nos regnames apres sa mort 
 Si avouns trove nostre tort, 
 Qe un fausine se regna 
 Le Teirce gre ne avra ja 
 Nos avons regne a teaunt en cea 
 
 * Archbishop Zouch. 
 
 t iso in the MS. but probably by mistake of the writer for " Neville." 
 
 Regne
 
 120 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 Regne ore q= q* pa'ra : Voz gentes renuz davannt 
 
 Meis ore Philip avisez vos Phelip ore vos ajourne taunt 
 
 Si priez ensaumple de nos, V're senechal fait purveyance 
 
 Sicome avoins fait et les noz Meis vos demorez trop en France 
 Si ferraiez vos e les voz. Per c'eo Phelip bastez 
 
 Vos me mandastes v're messager A nos q' la sumes trovez 
 
 Q' a Loundres dussons encountrer Trestoices 
 
 The whimsical copy of macaronic verses which follows, a mixture of 103'alty and discon- 
 tent, proves the English character to have been much the same in the fourteenth and nineteenth 
 centuries. An allusion to the youth of Edward the Third shews that they ought to have pre- 
 ceded the former. The stanza is a quintain, consisting of four motley lines, French and Latin, 
 closed by a Leonine hexameter, or pentameter, in the latter language. 
 
 I. 
 
 Deiu roy de Mageste per personas trinas 
 Notre roy et sa meisne ne perire sinas, 
 Grantz maux li sist avoir et maximas ruinas 
 Celui qui lui fist passer in partes transmarinas : 
 Rex ut salvetur Francis maledictio detur. 
 
 II. 
 
 Rex ne dett afrer de guerre extra regiuim ire 
 Si noun la comune de sa terre velit conseiitire 
 Per treson veu't home sovent quam plures perire 
 De qui dener assurement nemo potest scire 
 Non est ex regno rex sine concilio — 
 
 III. 
 
 Ore court en Engletre de anno in annum 
 
 Le XV dener p' malfaire est ecce dampnum 
 
 Et fait a vendre a comune gent, vaccas, vas et pannuui 
 
 II fait avaler q^ solebant sedere super scamnum 
 
 Non placet ad supremum quadrantem se dare manum. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Uncore pluys grieve as simples coUectio lanarum 
 Qi^ les fait vendre communement dominicas earum 
 Ne poet estre q' tiel consail assit dando carum 
 Ensi destruire le pov'ail est opus animarum 
 Non leges sanas teneo regi dare lanas. 
 
 V. 
 
 Uncore est pluys encountre la pees ut testantur gentes 
 Dun sak deux picres ou treys nimium habentes 
 Questio q* avera cele layne quidam respondentes 
 Ceo ne avera Roi ne Royne sed tantum coUigentes 
 Pondus lanarum tarn falsum constat amarum. 
 
 VI. Mes
 
 Book II.— Chap. II] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 121 
 
 VI. 
 
 Mes home ne dett al Hoi retter talem p'nitatem 
 Mes tout al faux consailers per ferocitatem 
 Re Roi est joesne Bacheler, noti habet iEtatetn 
 Nul malice compasser set omnem pietatem 
 Consilium tale dampnum conftTi geiierale. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Jeo vei al seicle q' ore court geutes superbire 
 
 D' altruy beins teiier grant court, q' cite vuit transire 
 
 Quant vend' al haul judgment magna dies irae 
 
 S'il non faceiit amendement tunc debent perire 
 
 Rex dicet reprobis ite, venite probis. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Dieux q' fustes coroune cum acuta spina 
 
 De v're poeple eiez pite gratia divina 
 
 Q'^ le seicle sott allege de tali ruina 
 A dire un grosse verite est quasi ruina 
 Res inopum capta non gratis fit quasi rapta. 
 
 IX. 
 
 Teil tribut a nul Poer diu negat durare 
 De voide bourse q"^ poet deners manibus contrectare? 
 Le' gens sount a tiel mischief q'' nequeant plus dare 
 Je me doute sil aussent chief quod vellet levare 
 Sape facit stultas gentes vacuata facultas, 
 
 II y' ad grant escarste monete inter gentes 
 Q« home poet venir en marchee, quum pauci sint ementes 
 Tout eyt home bestes ; moebles, equos vel bidentes 
 De peyne prend nul dener tarn multi sunt egentes 
 Gens non est lata cum sit tarn parca moneta. 
 
 XI. 
 
 Si le Roi fiet mon counsail tunc vellem laudare 
 D'argent prendre le vessel, nionetam priBparare 
 Kara meilz vaudrett de fust mang' pro victu tunnos dare 
 Ke d'argent le corps su'ir et lignum paiare 
 Est vicii signum pro victu solvere lignum. 
 
 Ti XII. Dieux
 
 122 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 XII. 
 
 Dieux person sayntisme Noun confundat errores 
 Et touz q' pensent faire treson ac pacis turbatores 
 Ke voides soient per temps tales vexatores 
 Et confirme si lui plest inter reges ainnres 
 Perdat solamen qui pacein destniit. Amen. 
 
 Internal evidence fixes this odd composition to the year 1337, "lien Edward the Third 
 obtained 20,000 sacks of wool from Parliament, in order to bribe the Flemings, before his first 
 expedition to France. With respect to the advice ofiTered in the eleventh stanza, it ma}^ be 
 supposed that the author did not mean the plate of his own house. Edward, however, seems 
 to have taken the hint, for he plundered the Lombard merchants, on this occasion, of all their 
 gold, silver, and jewels. Considering the age in which they were uttered, the sentiments con- 
 tained in these verses are unusually bold; but the monks were great complainers; and the 
 reputed sanctity of their character, their seclusion, and mutual confidence, enabled them to 
 speak, and even to write, with impunity, what would have been highly penal to other men. 
 
 The " Liber Loci Benedicti" contains many sermons, which appear to have been preached 
 in the Abbey Church. I have selected the following, not because it is either better or worse 
 than its companions, but as being less abbreviated, and therefore more legible. It is marked 
 by the initials I. de Gl. which must refer to Fr. John de Glover, who died in 132S. 
 
 " Fac tlbi duas tubas argenteas, quihus convenire possis multitiuUnem. 
 
 ''Fratres mei dilecti, cum imperatores, reges, et alii plerique inferiores prandere volunt, tubis 
 convocant comessuros. Congregati igitur et discumbentes, quidam cum architriclino, quidani 
 cum mediocribus de populo, quidam vero cum garcionibus in aule medio, vel exteriiis in atrio, 
 priusquam comedant orationem faciunt, sicq'cum gratiarum actione Iseti suscipiunt degustanda. 
 Nos vero, karissimi, ad prandiuin Dei et ad audienduni verbum Dei tuba et campana banc convo- 
 cationem habemus inter nos plerosque cum architriclino, /. e. cum Deo discumbentes, hoc est, 
 subtilia et sublimia sentientes ; quosdam autem cum mediocribus populi sedentes, id est, ipsa 
 veritatisplanicie contentos, non sensum profundiorem vel exponere obscuriorem expetentes ; alios 
 vero cum garcionibus, id est, simplicioribus residentes, narrationes et siquje sunt quae risurn 
 excitant auscultantes. 
 
 "Igitur antiquum propositum aggrediamur : oret unusquisq' quatenus Deus aperiat nobis 
 hostium seraionis, iit digna ad ipsius honorem et istorum omniumq' sanctorum promere valea- 
 mus, et in confusionem sint Sathane et omnium satellitum ejus, et ad nostrarum proficiant 
 .salutem animarum. 
 
 " Fac, &c. Num. x. Ouadripertitum officium habebant tub» in veteri lege: sic dicitur in 
 Hist. Numb. ii. ; videlicet, in multitudine convocanda, ad castra movenda, ad bella commit- 
 tenda, et ad festa celebranda — et haec tanguntur in textu in cap*ite supradicto. Sic et X'tus in 
 hunc mundum veniens ad expugnandam hostium fiduciam, ad convertendum proprios ad cultum 
 Dei, ad movenda castra per viam caritatis, ad pr^edicandum festa perpetue jocunditatis. 
 
 " Merito voluit uli tubis — l""""» Ipsis Apostolis inter alios praecipuis, de quibus ait Pater Filio 
 incarnato, ' Fac tibi duas tubas,' &c. in quibus verbis tam Veritas potuit annotari, vid* vasorum 
 perpetuorum evidens expressio, 'fac tibi n Tub.'— metuUi perlucidi excellens conditio — 'argen- 
 
 ' ' teas
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 123 
 
 'teas ductiles,' et multitudinis divise conjungens convocatio — ' quibus vocare possis multi- 
 tudinem.' Sed haec potius de proprietate dictionum quam de edificatione morutn dicta sunt, 
 utpote in verbis praemissis de istis Sanctis mysteriis intellectis, iii veritates inveniuntiir, 
 
 " Primum commendat patris praeceptum in eo quod officium praedicationis temere non 
 ustirpant, et quod propriuvn erat sacerdotum tubis clangere, nam x filii Aaron sacris clangebant 
 tubis. Secundum commendat eloquentia, quod argentum inter omnia metalla est clarissimum, 
 et sonum habet dulcissimuni. Tertium commendat utilitas propter meritum et praemium 
 et consequentem effecturfi \ itae. Act. iv. ' Multitudini credentium erat cor unum et anima 
 una.' — Circa primum notandum quod apte per tubas apostoli designantur. Tuba enim per 
 flatum oris sonat— magnuui sonum reddit — congregat, excitat, terret. Primo, inquam, tuba 
 per flatum oris sonat, ut apostoli non solum per epistolas suas sed et ore sonando et viva voce 
 praedicando Christum praedicant. Et hi faciunt cum labore — flatu continuantes aliquo diem 
 cum nocte. Sic legitur Act. ' Produxit sermonem usque ad mediam noctem.' Produxit — ecce 
 flatus laboriosus : sermonem — ecce sonus oris: usque ad mediam noctem — ecce labor conti- 
 nuabatur. Faciebant igitur quod praecipitur in Ps. ' Bucciuate in neomenia tuba.' Buccinate — 
 hoc est, annunciate: tuba, i. e. predicatione aperta : in neomenia, i, e. in novilunio: hoc est, in 
 tempore gracice sive glorie. Scilicet quod dicitur ' buccinate,' quia praeceptum in Israel est et 
 judicium Deo Jacob. Prceceptum igitur Dei est quod habetur in Job. ' Habete praeceptum 
 meum ut diligatis unice.' Judicium vero Dei est quod ultionis extreme diei servatur. Qui 
 itaq' renuit audire et facere praeceptum timeat quia ipsum percipiet judicium. De hac tuba 
 triplice lege Jos. v. ubi dicitur quod Josue praecepit sacerdotibus ut toUerent tubas et incederent 
 cum area Dni, et populus armatus praocederet, et vulgus reliquum sequeretur, sacerdotibus tubis 
 concrepantibus, vulgo tacente. Sicq' facerent circueuntes Jericho vii diebus. Die attem vii. 
 circuirent septies, et in vii circuitu, sacerdotibus tubis clangentibus, dixit Josue ad populum, 
 vociferamini. Igitur clamante populo et tubis sonantibus, postquam in aures multitudinis vox 
 sonitus increpuit, ilico Jherico corruit. Josue igitur, i. e. Christus, praecepit sacerdotibus, i.e. 
 Apostolis, ut tollerent tubas, i. e. magnificam coelestemq' doctrinam, et praecedant arcam, i. e. 
 ecclesiam. Ouia autem populus armatus prsecederet, et vulgus reliquum sequeretur, Judaeorum et 
 gentium tipum gerit. Quia vero septem diebus cecinerint, et in septimo septies, significatur quod 
 usq. ad finem sa?culi quod septem dierum vicissitudine volvatur non desineret praedicari. Sed 
 muri Jherico tubis sacerdotalibus corruerunt: hoc est, quod cultus Ydolorum et fallacia divina- 
 cionum monstrata arte daemonum, commenta augurum et magia et dogmata philosophorum, 
 sua superstitione elata, funditus suntsubacta. Etvos, fratres dilectissimi, tuba estote buccinantes 
 et concrepando narrantes invicem et absentibus verba Dei quae ex ore praedicatoris audistis, ut 
 tuba dici possitis, etsi non per omnimodam similitudinem, saltern per aliqualem imitationem. 
 Sed forte, dicet aliquis : Ergone magnum est homini esse tubae ? Nunquid aurum aut argentum 
 nos esse velitis? Nunquid non melior est homo quam metallum ? Cui ego respondeo : Dicit 
 Augustinus super Johannem Omelia, Nolo vos esse tubas, vel aliquod metallum, sicut nee ipsi 
 Apostoli fuerunt; per similitudinem vero volo vos esse tubas et hoc argenteam tubam, ut quae 
 bona esse discitis unice doceatis. Argentum autem, ut praeciosa sunt et celestia, et non plumbea 
 ut sunt vilia et terrena. Item magnum sonum reddit tuba, et sancti isti apostoli non abjecta, non 
 parva, sed de magnis magna praedicarunt, et ideo per magnum sonum eorum revocati sunt 
 homines a cultu Diaboli ad cultum unius veri Dei, eosq' qui in tenebris ignorancie jacebant et 
 
 peccatis
 
 124 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II — Chap. II. 
 
 peccatis ac viciis et carnis voluptatibus serviebant, ad intuitum luminis evangelicre veritatis 
 excitabant, et ea quae iis antea dulcia vidtbantur horrere fecerunt. Impleverunt igitur quod 
 prsecipit Y^, ' Clama nee cesses sicut tuba.' Htec autem agentes multitudineni Dsemonum ab 
 hoc inundo extruserunt, et populuni Dei in fide Trinitatis inf'ormantes de eoruni servicio et 
 
 subjectione liberarunt. De hoc habete Judicuin ubi dicitur quod Gideon et ccc viri 
 
 ingressi partem castroruai media nocte coeperunt tubis canere, et tenuerunt sinistris manibus 
 lampades et dextris tubas, et omnia castra turbata sunt et fugerunt vociferantes et ululantes. Sic 
 ccc viri insistebant tubis nobis personantes. Gedeon ergo, i. e. X'tus, et ccc viri, i.e. Petrus et 
 Paulus apostoli in fide Trinitatis armati, egressi partem castrorum, quia inceperunt ab Hieroso- 
 lyma praedicare, media nocte, quia in apostolonim preedicatione mundus totus in tenebris igno- 
 rancie dormitavit, et verum lumen pietatis omnino nesciens viciis extitit deformiter obfuscatus, 
 coeperunt tubis canere, i. e. magna et alta voce XPM praedicare, et tenuerunt sinistris manibus 
 lampades et dextris tubas, quia corpus temporale dispiciebant quod per sinistrum accipitur, 
 et praedicationi tota devotione insistebant quod per dextram designatur, et sic castra mundi 
 turbata sunt, i. e. templorum pontifices seipsos turbarunt et seditionem commoverunt, vociferantes 
 contra apostolos pro eo quod contra ritum Ydolorum docuerint, et ululantes fugerunt et finem 
 suum similem lupis fcetidis ostenderint. 
 
 " Item tuba aggregat, excitat, et terret. Esdr. e. ' In quocunq' loco audietis clangorem tubae, 
 illuc concurrite ad nos, &c.' et Act. ' Multitude convenit, et infra stans Petrus levavit vocem 
 
 suam ;' et infra, ' Compuncti sunt corde ;' et 13, ' Pcene universa civitas convenit audire 
 
 verbum Domini.' Ecce primum. Sed blasphemantes in Deos tres et gentes ad devotionera 
 excitans subdit ; vobis oportuit primum loqui verbum Dei, sed quia repellitis illud,' &c. ecce 
 secundum, convertimur ' ad gentes;' ecce tertium, ' Audientes autem gentes gavise sunt et 
 crediderunt,' excitati videlicet benignitate X*' et tantorum doctorum, de quibus, Mac. 3. Tuba 
 cecinerunt hii qui erant cum Juda, et congregatae suntet contritae sunt gentes. Hii, i.e. Apostoli 
 Petrus et Paulus qui erant cum Juda, i.e. cum Christo, tuba cecinerunt ut populum excitarent, et 
 congressi sunt ut plures congregarent, et contritae sunt gentes cum ritus gentiles vel potius ipsos 
 daemones exterminarent. Et in hiis omnibus praedicationis auctoritas commendatur." 
 
 If such were the taste and style of all discourses preached in the religious houses, those vi^ho 
 occupied the place of the unlearned would have little reason to complain that they were written 
 in an unknown tongue. But this was properly a Conc'io ad clerum. The duty and excellence of 
 preaching, however, might have been enforced by arguments more cogent, and drawn from 
 topics more evangelical, than these jejune and fanciful allegories. Their own Bernard would 
 have aflforded many better models. 
 
 The following important Documents, relating to the Appropriation of the Rectory and the 
 Endowment of the Vicarage of Whalley, I have judged proper to be inserted in this place, 
 from the " Liber Loci Bcnedicti," into which they v^ere transcribed at the time. 
 
 " Sanctissimo in Xto patri D"" Bonifacio providencia Divina sacrosancte Romane et univer- 
 salis Ecclcsie summo Pontifici, Edwardus Dei gracia Hex Anglie et D"^ Hyb. et Dux Acqui- 
 tam', cum omni reverencia et devota pedum oscula bor'*. Divine provisionis acies, que in sua 
 disposicione non fallitur, ad hoc vos in terris summum vicarium ordinavit, ut supplicancium 
 votis, quae comitatur honestas, ac profectus seqiiitur animarum, et annuatis benignius, et de 
 
 * i.e. heatoTum. The contraction occurs a second time. 
 
 specula
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 125 
 
 specula preeminencie vestre gregem respicientes Doniinicam, prout unicuique opus fuerit, 
 rorem ei vestre paterne dulcedinis infundatis. Haec profecto spem nobis uberrimain sugge- 
 runt, haec firmam fiduciain subministrant, quod nostre supplicacionis devocionein, quae de 
 cordis intimo prodit afl'ectu, ad exaudicionis benigne graciani admittetis. Cum igitur, sep- 
 tennio jam elapso, ad nostram instanciam et vestram, sanctissime pater, si recolitis, pro nobis 
 intercessionem, felicis recordacioiiis D"' Nicholaus, pp. iiii'"^, concesserit viris religiosis Abbati 
 et Conventui Loci Benedicti de Stanlawe, Ord. Cisterc, Covent. et Liclif. Dioc. quod dictam 
 Abbatiam suam, quam progenitores dilecti et fidelis nostri Henrici Comitis Lyncoln. t'unda- 
 verunt, et amplis, prout potuerint, dotaverunt possessionum largicionibus, et quae nunc ad euni 
 statum noscuntur devenisse, ciim fundata fuerit super quendam fluvium, per queui fluxus et 
 refluxus maris habetur, quod propter superexcrescentes inundaciones et impetus maris ejusdem, 
 quod diebus et noctibus affluxum et reflux um non cessat, extra consuetos alveos debacchando ter- 
 minosque suos transgrediendo antiquos, et locum suis alluvionibus-|- destruendo et adnichdando, 
 predicti Abbas et Conv'. Abbatie predicte ibidem absque corporum et animarum rerumque sua- 
 rum periculo et dampnis nequeant commorari, cum totalem destructionem et exterminium finale 
 murorum et domorum Abbatie prefate marium impetus infra tempus modicum comminetur, ita 
 quod non adiciet\ ut resurgat, transferre possent ad Ecclesiam de Whalleye predict. Dioc, et in 
 ejusdem Ecclesie solo, cedente vel decedente Rectore, oflicinas suas et mansiones necessarias 
 construere, eandem ecclesiam in usus proprios eisdem Abbati et Conventui de munificencia 
 sedis Apostolice concedendo, maxime cum dictus Comes, zelo charitatis et virtute compassionis 
 inductus, Jus Patronatus quod in eadem habebat ecclesia, dictis Religiosis sub spe translacionis 
 hiis optinende de consensu nostro speciali jamdiu concessisset, ac ibidem cultum Divini 
 nominis augmentandum decrevisset, juxta augmentum facultatum Ecclesie supradicte, prout de 
 hiis omnibus per factum supradicti praedecessoris vestri, vestre sancte paternitati liquere poterit 
 evidenter, — nuper circa festum Purificacionis mcc° xc quarto, rectore supradicte Ecclesie de 
 Whalleye ab hac luce subtracto, iidem religiosi, necessitate quaerende habitacionis compulsi, et 
 auctoritate ut prsedict. est sedis Apostolice communiti, de consensu eciam Diocesani et Archi- 
 diaconi dicti loci sue indempnitati sufficienter asserencium satisfactum, dictam ecclesiam sunt 
 ingressi, ipsam cum juribus et pertinenciis suis sibi in usus proprios applicando, et habitacula 
 que defuerant ad opus Conventus sui magis necessaria in solo ejusdem infatigabiliter con- 
 struendo. Quia ergo necesse est vestre sanctitatis inchoata feliciter caritatis opera auctoritatis et 
 confirniacionis vestre cumulo consummare, sancte paternitati vestre ex intimo cordis afiectu et 
 omni affectione qua possumus supplicamus, quatenus, caritatis intuitu, et nostre si placet suppli- 
 cacionis interventu, statum dictorum religiosorum, qui ad appropriacionem prefate Ecclesie cum 
 juribus et pertinenciis suis, et translacionem eorundem a loco periculoso in quo nunc sunt ad 
 alium competenciorem in solo dicte Ecclesie faciendam, concessionesque felicissime recorda- 
 
 cionis prefati praedecessoris vestri premissis§ auctoritatis vestre munimine diguemini 
 
 conlirmare, seu vestre sancte paternitatis benevolentia praemissa de novo concedere. Attendimus 
 enim et habemus pro constanti quod anime vestre et animabus praedecessorum et successorum 
 vestrorum non modicum proficiet factum istud, cum pro eisdem viginti monachi in coUegio 
 
 f The sense of this word is inverted. Alluvions, in the language of the Civil Law, are increments made to estates 
 by aggestions of soil from floods, or by the receding of rivers. 
 
 X Such appears to be the reading, from whatsoever word it is corrupted. 
 % Something is wanting liere, 
 
 novi
 
 136 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II —Chap. II. 
 
 novi monasterii assumendi ultra numerum in priori monasterio solitum observari, devotas ora- 
 ciones Altissimo effundcre teneiuitur. Conservet D"^ vitam vestram feliciter incolumem Ecclesie 
 sue Sancte per tempera lontjiora. — Dat. &c." 
 
 " Item ejusdem Com. Lyncoln, de hoc ipso. 
 
 " Sanctissimo in Christo patri Bonifacio Divina providencia Romane et universalis Ecclesie 
 summo Pontifici, suus filius devotus Henricus Comes Lyncoln. devota pedum oscula bor'. 
 Considerantes quanta devocione et fidei puritate olim progenitores nostri prteclarum Cist, ordi- 
 nem confovere soUicite studuerunt, quodque iidem, ordinem ipsum favore benevolo prose- 
 quentes, Monasterium Loci Benedicti de Sianlawe, Coventr, et Lychf. Dioc, quo adhuc ejus- 
 dem ordinis Monachi pro animarum eorundem progenitorum nostrorum et nostra salute virtu- 
 tum Domino jugiter famulantur, fuudaverunt, intuitu caritatis idem dotando monasterium, 
 quibus potuerunt, possessionibus ; ac optantes effici laudabilis imitator eorum, religiosis viris 
 Abbati et Convent, dicti loci Jus Patronatus Ecclesie de Whalleye ejusdem Dioc. ad nos spec- 
 tantis caritatis conteniplacione duximus conferendam, piam paternitatem felicis recordacionis 
 D"' Nicliolai pp' im^> prsedecessoris vestri requirentes humiliter ac devote, ut cum praedicti situs 
 monasterii maris turbini fuerit tarn vicinus quod adversus fluctuum ejus tempestuosos impetus 
 uUo remedio muniri non possit, quum inundacionum intemperie terra circumquaque latencius 
 consumatur, religiosis ipsis dignaretur misericorditer indulgere, quod ad Ecclesiam de Whalleye 
 supradictam, cujus jus, ut permitteretur, sibi concessimus, &c. &c. Post lapsum vero tem- 
 
 poris Rectore praefatae Ecclesie de Whalleye ab hac vita migrante statim dicti Religiosi 
 
 juxta tenorem literarum papalium dictam Ecclesiam de Whalleye ingressi, subsecutis novis appro- 
 bacionibus, tam Diocesani, quam Archidiaconi dicti loci, sicut per eorum instrumenta super hiis 
 confecta plenius est videre, et mundi malicia vacantes Deo, ac simplices *, importunis et cau- 
 telosis arguciis indies inquietat, volentesque, si Dominus permiserit, quod dicti religiosi karis- 
 smn nostri, quos maris violencia a primis sedibus suis in proximo ejiciet et expellet, in loco 
 quem eis providimus ubi et ad opus ipsorum ex magna parte habitacula sunt constructa, diebus 
 nostris inconcusse etstabiliter radicentur, vestram sanctam paternitatem flexis cordis nostri genibus 
 nostris humiliter exoramus, ut pro Dei misericordia, et precum nostrarum intuitu facto felicissime 
 recordacionis dicti D"', vestrum praebere velitis assensum, et illud auctoritatis vestre munimine 
 confirmare, &c. &c. Valeat excellens et sancta paternitas vestra semper in D"» IHU. XPO." 
 
 1 he Monk, who was deputed to negociate this important transaction at the Court of Rome, 
 appears to have been Richard de Rodierd, afterwards Abbot of Cumbermere. Of his appoint- 
 ment, the " Liber Loci Benedicti" supplies the following notices : 
 
 " A noble vier e leur cher Seigneur Sire Henry de Lascy, Counte de Nichole, Abbe e le 
 Covent de Whalleye saluz, reverence, e honur. Cher Sire, nos vos pomis especialment qe Richard 
 
 de R , nostre clerk, portour de ceste lettre, voillez si vos plest ayder e counsailler entour 
 
 nos besoignes purchaser en la Court de Rome, qe nos ne avoins pas le leiser ore aj)armes nies 
 de purvier autre clerk. E, Sire, les coustages et les mises qe vos freez en leide e le counsail 
 entour nos besoignes a vous volouns plainment restorer, sicome est contenu en une lettre obli- 
 gatoire la qele nos vos aveouns. E sachez, Sire, qe nos avoins done poer a mesmes celi 
 Richard a obliger nostre mesoun a certeine soume de aver per vostre counsail. E donez fey, 
 
 * Something, whicli I am unable to supply, has been omitted here by the Transcriber. 
 
 Sire,
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. I2f7 
 
 Sire, si vos plest, a ceo qe le vaunt dist Richard vos dirra de bouch de part nos. A Deu, Sire, 
 qe vous garde a touz jours." 
 
 " Pateat universis per praesentes, quod nos Abbas et Convent, de Whalleye tenemur, et per 
 hoc scriptum fatemur, nos obligari nobili viro Domino Hen. de Lascy Com. Lyncoln. in 
 omnibus sumptibus et expensis, quos et quas, fecerit pro negociis nostris in Curia Romana 
 expediendis, eidem vel suo dicto Attornato banc literam deferenti, cum ad partes Anghcanas 
 redierit, fidehter persolvend'. — Dat, &c. &c." 
 
 "Universis, &c. pateat, quod nos Fr. Gregor' Abbas Loci Ben. de Whalleye et ejusdem 
 Domus Conventus constituimus, facimus, et ordinamus dilectum nobis in Xto Ricard. de R, 
 clericum, procuratorem et attornatum nostrum, ad negocia nostra in Sancta Romana Curia 
 expedienda, et ad mutuum nomine nostro contrahendum usque ad lx marc, sterlingorum, vel 
 ad valorem eorundem, aut ultra aut citra, prout indiguerit, a quocunque poterit Christiano. 
 Cum consilio tamen et assensu nobilis viri D"' Com. Lync." 
 
 " Frater Gregorms, &c. Noverit universitas vestra quod lator presentium Ricard. de R , 
 
 nomine clericus noster est, et a nobis usque Curiam Romanam pro negociis nostris ibidem 
 expediendis dist^ Pro quo universitatem vestram specialiter exoramus quatenus eidem per vos 
 transeunti nuliam molestiam inferatis, vel inferri, quantum in vobis est, permittatis ; sed in 
 hiis quibus indiguerit, caritatis intuitu et ordmis reverencia, misericorditer dignemini subvenire, 
 ut omnium bonorum quae fuerint in Ordine participes effici merito valeatis." 
 
 The next is a Letter, apparently written by one of the Earl's Officers, in order to remove 
 some dissatisfaction which the Abbot and Convent had conceived against Rodierd, for delay. 
 
 " Coniendacio exsecutoris negociorum istorum. 
 
 "Eximie religionis et venerande discrecionis viro D"*^ Abbati de Whalleye, suus B. de R. 
 
 affectum servicii et honoris. Si in agendis vos et ecclesiam vestram contingentibus, propter que 
 Ricardum clericum vestrum ad Romanam Curiam misistis, nonest ut exj)ediret et credebatis pro- 
 cessum, dicto Ricardo non iniputetis, qui ipse, ut prudens et solicitus procurator, in hiis fecit 
 quod potuit, Dominum meum Comilem et alios sollicitandos vigilanter et diligenter excitando, 
 ex quo est de diligencia merito commendandus." 
 
 The effect of these petitions and exertions appears in the Papal Bull which follows : 
 " Bonifacius Episcopus, servus servorum Dei, dilectis filiis Abbati et Conventui Loci Bene- 
 dicti de Stanlaw, Cist' Ord% Coventr. et Liclif. Dioc% salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. 
 Sub sacre religionis habitu, mundi spretis illecebris, quae cum blandiuntur illudunt, virtutum 
 
 Domino militantes per laudabilium actuum studia noscimini, ut Apostolice sedis consueta 
 
 benignitas, favorabiliter annuentes vestris illius vos et monasterium vestrum gracic munere 
 prosequatur quae vobis et ei fore dinoscitur opportuna. Exposito nobis siquid petitio vestra 
 continebat, quod cum olim in monasterio quod tunc in loco qui Locus Benedictus de Stanlawe 
 Cist. Ord. Cov. et Lychf. Dioc. vulgariter dicitur habebatis (habitabatis) propter inundaciones 
 equoreas cum mare dicto monasterio sit vicinum, ac alias incommoditates multiplices, absque 
 gravi manere periculo non possetis. Venerabilis frater noster Covent. et Lychf. Episcopus 
 benigne intendens super hoc divine vobis pietatis intuitu salubriter providere, — transferendi 
 monasterium ipsum ad locum ilium, quem vobis dilectus filius nobilis vir Henricus de Lascy, 
 Comes Lync. monasterii predict! patronus, duceret deputandum, vobis concessit auctoritate 
 
 ordinaria
 
 128 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II. Chap. II. 
 
 ordinaria facultatem. Ac idem Comes gerens in votis ad locum in quo Ecclesia de Whalleye 
 cjusdem Dioc. sita est, in qua ipse nuUusque alius jus j)atronatus habebat, monasterium transferre 
 j)ra;fatum, tam patronatus, quam omne jus alind, quod in eadem sibi competebat ecclesia, quo 
 ductus efTectu est vobis intencione concessit ut ad locum eundeni dictum monasterium trans- 
 ferretur, et de proventibus ejusdem Ecclesie viginti monachi ultra monachorum numerum in 
 i)refato monasterio solitum observari in eorum assumendi collegio congrue substentationis sti- 
 pendia optinerent, qui pro Romanorum Pontificum dictique Comitis animarum salute devotas 
 preces Altissimo fundere tenerentur: telicis quoque recordacionis Nicholaus pp. iiii*"% praede- 
 cessor noster, volens vos ubere favoris et gracie prosequi specialis, saepefatam Ecclesiam cum 
 omnibus capellis, juribus et pertinenciis suis, vobis vestrisque successoribus in usus proprios con- 
 cessit et auctoritate Apostolica in perpetuum deputavit, eadem vobis auctoritate concedendo 
 
 ut cedente ant decedente ipsius ecclesie Rectore, possetis illius possessionem auctoritate appre- 
 hendere propria, cujusvis assensu mini me requisito, vobisque licentiam tribuit pr^dictum 
 monasterium ad locum pretatum, ubi jam dicta consistit Ecclesia, sine juris alieniprejudicio trans- 
 ferendi. Reservata de proventibus ejusdem Ecclesie Vicario perpetuo inibi servituro, ad vestre 
 presentacionis instanciam per Diocesanum instituendo praedictum, commoda porcione de qua 
 comode substentari valeat, jura episcopalia solvere ac alia eidem ecclesie onera incumbencia sup- 
 portare, prout in Uteris praedecessoris super hoc plenius confectis dicitur contineri. Sicque 
 vacante postmodum Ecclesia supradicta per obitum quondam Petri de Cestria* rectoris ejusdem» 
 vos possessionem ipsius Ecclesie fuistis pacifice assecuti, ac demum ad locum eundem praenomi- 
 natiim transferre, monasterium curavistis. Vero quod universas provisiones, reservaciones, 
 concessiones quibuscunque personis a predecessore factas eodem de quibusvis ecclesiis et eccle- 
 
 siasticis beneficiis vacatis per constructionem a nobis vacationem illius ecclesie editam 
 
 cassavimus, irritavimus, et vacuavimus, cassas, irritas, et vacuas, nunciavimus, vos metuentes 
 vobis ex cassacione, irritacione, ac vacancione hujus pro eo quod per constitucionem ipsam 
 
 licet de ea re ad vestram perveniret noticiam ecclesie praedicte fuistis possessionem 
 
 adepti nobis humiliter sup|)licastisj ut providere super hoc paterne 
 
 solicitudinis studio dignaremur. 
 
 " Nos itaque, volentes vos, divine pietatis intuitu, et consideracione dilecti filii nostri 
 R. sancti Potentiane presbyter! Cardinalis nobis super hoc cum instancia supplicantis, prosequi 
 dono gracie specialis, translacionem hujus monasterii supradicti ad locum eundem, et conces- 
 sionem ipsius Ecclesie de Whalleye, sicut praenotatur, vobis factam, auctoritate Apostolica ex dicta 
 
 scientia approbamus, vobis auctoritate praedicta indulgentes ut vos in praefato loco sub 
 
 vestri ordinis observancia perpetuo remanentes omnibus privilegiis, indulgenciis, concessionibus, 
 libertatibus et immunitatibus que ante translacionem monasterii memorati noscebamini optinere, 
 possetis uti libere sicut prius, et praedictam ecclesiam cum omnibus capellis, bonis, juribus, 
 et pertinencns suis, juxta tenorem concessionis praedecessoris ejusdem, in usus proprios sive 
 obsistat hiis nostra cassacio seu constitucionis edicio sive non, perpetuo retinere. Confir- 
 mavimus insuper auctoritate praedicta, porciones terrarum, reddituum, et proventuum vicarie 
 loci pra?dicti de Whalleye per nos, sicut asseritis, perpetuo Vicario ibidem sicut praedicitur 
 Domino servituro ad substentacionem ipsius, et jura episcopalia aliaque onera subportanda 
 quae praefate incumbunt ecclesie, secundum quod idem prsedecessor voluit assignatas. Nulli 
 
 * Ob' A D. Mccxcmi». 
 
 igitur
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 129. 
 
 igitnr omnino hominum banc paginam nostre apjirobacionis, concessionis, confirmacionis in- , 
 fringere, vel ei ausu temerario contraire. Si quis autem hoc attemptare praesuinpserit, indigna- , 
 cionern omnipotentis Dei et beatorum Petri et Pauli Apostolorum se novel it incursurum. Datum 
 apiid Urbem Veterem xii kal. Julii Pontificatus nostri anno tercio *." 
 
 " In Dei nomine Amen. Facta diligenti inquisitione super valorem fructuum et proventuum • 
 EcclesiedeWhalleyeetcapellarum eidem adjacencium, necnon deoneribuseisdem incumbentibus, 
 eaque inquisicione in omni sui parte expressius per religiosos vivos Abbatem et Conventum de- 
 Whalleye, et Dominum Johannem ad vicariam in eadem ecclesia ordinanda praesentatum ac- 
 ceptata et approbata, coram nobis Archidiacono Cestrensi et Officiali Domini Cf ventr. et 
 Lychf. Episcopi ac Officiali dicti Arcbidiaconi, quorum tenores, videHcet tam commissionis.- 
 quam inquisitionis, sequuntur: 
 
 " Walterus permissione divina Coventr. et Lychf. Episcopus, dilectis in X'ro tiliis Archi- 
 diacono Cestrie, Magistro WaUero de Thorj) Ofticiah nostro, Canonicis in Ecclesia nostra 
 Lych. ac eciam Officiali dicti Arcbidiaconi, salutem. Ad inquirendum super vero valore fruc- 
 tuum, proventuum, et obvencionum quorumcimque ad Ecclesiam de Whalleye, nostre Dioc. et 
 ad capcllas ejusdem qualitercunque pertinencium, prout et deoneribus eidem Ecclesie et capellis 
 ejusdem ex quacunque causa incumbentibus, ac eciam ad ordinandam et faciendam ibidem- 
 vicariam competentem prout mandatum Apostolicum id requirit, et ad facienda omnia et 
 singula in hac parte quae nos facere debemus, si pracsentes essemus, vobis vices nostras com- 
 mittimus cum canonice cohercitionis potestate. Quod si non omnes hiis exequendis inter-, 
 fuerint, duo vestrum, presentia tcroii niinime expectata praemissa, nichilominus exequentur. Dat^ 
 London iii Kal. Julii conseoracionis nostre anno secundo. 
 
 " Inquisitio-|- facta de valore et proventibus Ecclesie Matricis de Whalleye et capellarum ejusdem, 
 et de oneribus predicte ecclesie incumbentibus, die Mercurii proxime post festum Assump- 
 tionis Beate Marie Virginis A. D. mcc nonagessimo octavo. 
 "DecimeGarbarum ville de Whalleye valent iv/. DecimeGarbarum de Wisewalle valent vi7. 
 
 * The former Bull of Nicholas IV. to the same effect, has been printed by Dug'Jale and Dodsworth. Mon. Ang. vol. I. 
 This, and all the instruments contained in the present account, iiave not been published before. 
 
 f This differs very materially from the Inquisition already given, of which the total amount was no less than 
 ccxi/. VMS. The monks, in a shoit interval, had evidently contrived to procure a much lower valuation. It may be 
 amusing to the Reader to compare the res])ective values of the great tithes in several of these townships at two very 
 distant jieriods. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1298 
 
 1810 
 
 
 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 £. s. ,1. 
 
 Read 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 49 14 
 
 Wiswall - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 62 11 
 
 Downham 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 Altham, deduct 
 
 ng Alterage 
 
 - 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 65 
 
 Simonstone 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 On the whole, abont a tenth of the present rate : yet, in 1289, the nearest |)oint at which I can approach the year 
 
 1298, wheat sold for 6s. fer quarter, and oats for 2s. Each of these sums might, in 1810, nearly be multiplied by 20. 
 
 It follows that twice as much grain was grown in the parish of Whalley 600 years ago as at present. But at this time 
 
 the rent of land was little more than 4d. per Lancashire acre. In 1812, upon an average, from 40s. to 50s. Such was 
 
 the ancient advantage in favour of the tenant; and for the same reason little land in comparison was demised to 
 
 tenants, and large demesnes were occupied by the owners. 
 
 s et
 
 130 HISTORY OI \MIALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 et distat de Whalleye per dimidiam leucam. Decime Garbarum de Coldecotes valent xx.y. et 
 distat per i leucam. Decime Garbarum de Hennetliorne et Mitton valent lxvi*. Yiud. et distat 
 ab ecclesia matrici per i leucam. Decime Garbarum de Penilton valent vi/. et distat per ii 
 leucas. Decime Garbarum de Reved valent iv/. et distat per ii leucas*. Decime Garbarum 
 de Symondeston valent xl*. et distat per iii leucas. Decime Garbarum de Padiam valent vm 
 marc, et distat per in leucas. Decime Garbarum de Hapten et Briddestwisell valent viii marc, 
 et distat per iv leucas. Alteragjium matricis ecclesie predicte valet x/. et terra de Dominicis 
 valet cv. Decime Garbarum capelie de Cliderhow valent xvii/. Alteragium ejusdem valet 
 iiii/. et distat per iii leucas. Decime Garbarum de Dounum valent c.s. Alteragium ejusdem 
 valet cum terra de Dominicis, valet iiii marc, et distat per v leucas. Et ecclesia de Blake- 
 burn est dotata ab antique in octava parte praedicte ecclesie de Whalley cum capellis praedictis. 
 Decime Garbarum capelie de Caune valet xiii/. Alteragium valet vil. et distat per viii leucas 
 de Whalleye. Decime Garbarum de Brunleye valent xv/. Alteragium cum terra de Domi- 
 nicis valet x/. et distat per vm leucas. Decime Garbarum capelie de Alvetliam cum alteragio 
 valent ix/. et distat per ii leucas. Decime Garbarum capelie de Chirche valent x marc. Al- 
 teragium cum terra de Dominicis valet iv marc, et distat per iiii leucas. Decime Garbarum 
 capelie de Haselingdene valent xl*. Alteragium valet XL*. et distat per vm leucas-}-. 
 
 " Hsec sunt onera contingencia Abbatem et Conventum de Whalleye, nomine Ecclesie de 
 Whalleye. In sustentacione xx Monachorum ultra solitum numerum. Item in x libris 
 annuatim capitulis Ecclesiar. de Lych. et Gov. Item Ecclesie de Whalley in xl*. pro pro- 
 curacionibus. Item in m*. jjro synodal. In sustentacione vii capellanorum. Item in xx^. 
 pro pane et vino. 
 
 " Nos Commissarii supradicti, considerata estimacione fructuum ecclesie et oneribus eidem 
 incumbentibus, ac eciam ipsius ecclesie onera;}: (in parochia§) lata, diffusa, periculosa, de 
 consilio Domini Decani et Cap. Lychf. ad ordinacionem vicarie in Ecclesia de Whalleye predicta 
 processimus in hunc modum : 
 
 " In Dei nomine Amen. Ordinamus vicariam Ecclesie de Whalleye debere consistere in 
 manso competenti et xxx acris terre et prati adjacentibus, una cum Housebote et Haybote in 
 Bosco Abbatis et Convent, et communa sufticienti pro animalibus suis infra praedictam Paro- 
 chiam et cum animalibus Abbatis et Convent. Item in alteragio matricis Ecclesie de Whalley 
 et capellarum omnium eidem adjacentium, capella sen ecclesia de Alvetham duntaxat excepta, 
 de qua ad preesens propter litem super ea motam nihil duximus ordinandum. Item in terris 
 de Brunley, de Dounum et de Chirche. Item ordinamus dictos Abbatem et Convent, onus 
 refectionis tocius Cancelli et sustentacionis ejusdem, necnon duas partes omnium extraordinari- 
 orum onerum, Vicarium terciam partem et omnia onera ordinaria debere agnoscere. Hanc 
 autem ordinacionem nostram perpetuo fore decrevimus valituram. Salva tamen patri predict© 
 et successoribus suis potestate eam augendij minuendi, et corrigendi, prout Deo acceptabile, 
 
 * These distances prove the leiica to have been the old computed mile. 
 
 •f- To this is subjoined in a later hand — " S'm estimaco'is veri valoris eccl'ie de Whalley c.xxxvii?i." 
 
 t Sic. 
 
 § These words, or something to the same effect, must be wanting here. This Instrument has been copied with 
 great negligence, — a fault not often to be imputed to the Monks, who transacted thtir business with remarkable preci- 
 sion and accuracy ; besides that, several passages, by means of the contractions, are scarcely intelligible. 
 
 et
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WH.ALLEY. JS.i 
 
 et si processu temporis videbitur oportunum. Act. et dat. Lychf. die Veneris proxime ante 
 Nativitatem B. Marie Virg. Anno Domini supradicto." 
 
 " Anno Domini m cc nonagessimo sexto vi Indiction. ix anno bissext. Litera Dominica S. 
 aureo numero .... vii Id. April, anno Regni Regis Edwardi xxiv. aetatis vero Domini Hen. de 
 Lascy xlvii. intravit Conventus de Stanlawe in Manerium de Whalleye, Domino Gregorio de 
 Norbury tunc Abbate." 
 
 The following miscellaneous articles, from the same MS., may properly follow the foregoing 
 documents on the general concerns of the house. 
 
 "Anno Domini mccc sexto, quarto kal. Maii, feria quarta, consecratum fuitAltare in Capella 
 quam Petrus de Cestria fecit in Manerio de Whalleye a Domino Thoma Candide Case Episcopo 
 vices Diocesani gerente, in honorem Beati Gregorii ppe et aliorum Doctorum. Et kal. Maii, 
 videlicet die Sanctorum Philippi et Jacobi, que dominica habebatur, celebravit idem Episcopus 
 Missam in Conventu de Whalleye in Pontificalibus. Et v° Non. Maii videlicet die Invencionis 
 See Crucis, que fiiit feria III^ celebravit in Pontificalibus in Ecclesia Parochiali. Et praedict. 
 Non. Maii videlicet die Sci Johannis ante Portam Latinam, que erat feria vi**, dedicata fuit magna 
 pars .Abbatie cum toto pra?cintu ab eodem Episcopo, anno Consecrationis ejus xii", Pontificatus 
 vero Domini Clementis v*' Pape primo, et regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Henrici xxxiiii. 
 etatis vero Domini Henrici de Lascy Comitis Lincoln, et Patroni nostri .... Domino W. de Lee* 
 tunc Abbate de Cumbermar' et Domino Gregorio de Norbury Abbate de Whalleye, Priore 
 Roberto de Werintone, Suppriore Roberto de Topclive, Cellarario Roberto de Middelton, Ed- 
 mundo Talbot Senescallo de Blakburnshire, Roberto fil. Ad. de Preston, Constabulario. Litera 
 Dominican B. Epact. xi. Indictionis iv. Ciclo decennovenali xv. Pascha erat iii Non. Apr." 
 
 " Anno Domini m ccc ix ab incarnatione, die Sci Vincentii Martyris obiit Doinpnus Gre- 
 gorius de Norbury, primus Abbas de Whalleye, Indictione octava, anno 2*'° a Bissexto, litera 
 dominical, d. Aureo Numero xix. Anno regni Regis Edwardi filii regis Edwardi tercio." 
 
 The following is a grant of a Corrody to the De la Leghs of Hapton. 
 
 " Noverint universi per praesentes quod nos Fr. Gregorius Abbas Loci Benedict! de Stan- 
 lawe et ejusdem dom. Conv. tenemur, &c. ad inveniend. Gilberto de la Legh et Johanni 
 filio et heredi suo, qualibet septimana octo panes conventuales, et totidem lagenas cervicie con- 
 ventualis vel xii denar. et pro garc. suo xiiii panes de Trit. per septim. vel duos denarios. 
 Item ad festum Sci Martini in hyeme duo corpora boum vel dim. marc, et duos porcas vel xi. 
 denar. et quatuor corpora arietum vel duos solidos et octo denar. Recipient autem annuatim 
 dicti Gilbertus et Johannes, vel alter eor. superstes hajc omnia apud Whall. vel Black, si 
 maluerint, a nobis vel successoribus nostris, vel a monachis nostris locum nostrum ibidem 
 tenentibus, &c. In cujus rei testimonium praesent. literis sigil. nrum coe est appensum. Hiis 
 testibus ; Symone Noel, Rogero fre suo, Willielmo de Heskayth, Olivero de Stansfeld, -|-Ma- 
 gistro Henrici de Clayton, Magistro Henrico de Dounom, Ricardo de Ruysheton, Roberto de 
 eadem, Ad. de A.speden, Johanne f. Symonis de Reved. Dat. apud Locum Benedictum 
 de Stanlawe die Dominica proxime post festum Sci Barnabe Apli, A. D. mccc nonagessimo 
 quinto. 
 
 * Who is ranked first, as Abbot of the parent house. 
 
 t What were these Magistri 9 Clearly not Knights, as they follow persons without title. 
 
 " IstUD)
 
 132 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 " Istuin prsenotatum scriptum Dominiis Helias Abbas, successor diet. Domini Gregorii 
 Abbatis, confirmavit." 
 
 " Metn. quod (iilbertus de Legh, senior, dixit Priori et Coll. de Whalleye et praelibatis 
 mochis dee domus, pariim ante Natale Anno Domini mcccxxxvi, apud Whalleye, tunc 
 existens in camera Domini Elie, quondam Abbatis dee domus, quod dimisit in testo Inven- 
 tionis See Cruris ultimo praeterito Gilberto filio Johannis de Legh filio suo tot equas gravidas 
 cum foetibus, ut duo pulli ad minus dari debent ad decimam ; et tot vaccas cum vitulis, ut 
 quinque vituli ad minus dari debent ad decimam. Dimisit et eidem oves matrices cum aliis 
 bidentibus ccxL. Agnos lx. Inde decima sex. Quatuor sues porcantes. Ideo petantur de 
 eodem Gilberto jun. pro decima duo pulli, quinque stirci, et vellera lane xxviii. et agni sex, 
 et tres porci, et * decima albi pro vaccis et ovibus matribus." 
 
 The following is a statement of a case for the consideration of lawyers. The intermixture 
 of lands in the Forest of Bowland, between the parishes of Whalley and Slaydburne, is 
 extremely difficult to be accounted for, and is scarcely understood to the present day. 
 
 " Capella Sancti Michaelis in Castro de Cliderhou, infra fines et limites parochie Ecclesie 
 de Whalleye, Covent. et Lichf. Dioc. notorie scituata a centum annis elapsis et ampl. et ante 
 omne tenipus humane memorie vel prescriptionis dotata fuit per assignacionem d'norum de 
 Blakeburnshire et Bouland de decimacionibus et aliis proventibus ecclesiasticis omnium 
 d'nicarum terrarum suarum infra dicta loca de Blakeburnshire, qui est in die. dioc. Covent. et 
 Liehf. et Bouland, qui est in dioc. et provinc. Ebor. Juxta quam assignacionem clerici capellani 
 
 eidem capeile per collacionem sive assignacionem dict'm duorum incumbentes decimaciones 
 
 et proventus predictos tam in Blakeburnshire quam in Bouland pacifice possidebant 
 
 usque ad tempus cujusdam Rectoris de Slaydburn nunc incumbentis. Infra dictum autem 
 Dominium de Bouland dicte Ebor. dioc. est qued. Eccl. parochial is voc. ecclesia de Slaydburne 
 ejusdem Ebor. dioc. juxta et infra cujus fines sunt quaedam terre Dominice dicti Domini de 
 Bouland, de quar' decimacionibus et proventibus dotata fuit dicta capella et ejusdem capeile; ac 
 matris Ecclesie de Whalleya Rectores easdem decimaciones virtute dotationis, assignacionis et 
 possessionis ejusmodi pacifice per omnia possidebant usque ad tempus cujusdam Rectoris dicte 
 Ecclesie de Slaydburn jam incumbentis, qui xx et v annis duntaxat nunc elapsis quasdam terras 
 dominicales infra fines parochie sue predicte ad firmam cepit, et in persona propria occupavit, 
 ut decimaciones dictar' terrar' Ecclesie sue predicte de Slayteburne arriperet, et a dictis ca- 
 pella de Cliderhou et Ecclesia de Whalleya et earundem rectoribus per cautelam hujusmodi 
 detineret. Decimaciones turn quorundam aliorum d'nicalium infra fines et limites dicte p'ochie 
 de Slayteburn consimiliter existentes dimittit idem Rector dicte Ecclesie de Whalleya et ca- 
 peile de Cliderhou, prout antea fuerant, liberas ab omnimoda impetitione sui et suorum. 
 
 " Abbas igitur et Conv. de Whalleya dictam Ecclcsiam parochialem de Whalleya cum 
 praefata capella Bi. Michaelis in Castro de Cliderhou, et cum omnibus aliis juribus et pertinen- 
 ciis eorundem in usus proprios optinentes decimaciones dictarum terrarum dominicalium in 
 Bouland quas diet. Rector occupavit per antea, ut est dictum, tanquam jus dictarum suarum 
 Ecclesie de Whalleya et capeile de Cliderhow dudum repetentes, tandem de expresso consensu 
 dicti Rectoris fecit dictas decimas extra custodiam et possessionem utriusque partis pen^s Senes- 
 callum de Bouland reponi duobus annis jam elaj)sis, neutri parti deliberand. donee per viam et 
 
 * That is, the Easter dues : a proof of the antiquity of the Easter Roll. 
 
 processum
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 133 
 
 processum juris vel amicabilis compositionis fuerit definitum cui parti de co'i consensu debeant 
 finaliter liberari. Et quum Dominus Aps Ebor. dictas partes Boulandie ut d'r in proximo visi- 
 
 tabit, et estimata quod dictus Rector de Slaytebum coram Domino Aepiscopo in sua visi- 
 
 tatione contra praefatos Abbatem et Conventum super jure suo de predictis decimacionibus infra 
 limites sue parochie provenientibus movebit litem, specialiter quod Aepiscopus eidem rectori 
 pro amplianda jurisdictione sua plus justo favebit : idcirco dicti Abbas et Conv. circa omnia 
 per suum procuratorem provocationem quandam et appellationem ad Cur. Romanam directe et 
 ad Cur. Cantor faciunt, ut nioris est, interponi. 
 
 " 1". Ouaeratur igitur a jurisperitis cum dee Ecclesia de Whalleya et Capella de 
 Clyderhou notorie situatae sint infra Dioc. Coventr. et Lichf. et sunt de jurisdictione ordinaria 
 Archidiaconi Cestr. et Episcopi Coventr. et Lichf. teneatur Abbas de Whalleye, racione decima- 
 cionum quas percipit infra limites provincie Ebor. nomine dictarum suarum Ecclesie et 
 Capelle, coram dicto Domino Arcliiepiscopo comparere exhibitum ut allegatur titulum percep- 
 cionis dictarum decimacionum, cum dictus Abbas jurisdictioni dicti Archiepiscopi aliunde 
 nullatenus sit subjectus. 
 
 " Q°. 2da. Item quaeratur, quid et qualiter allegari debeat coram illo, cum diet. Abbas 
 nihil habeat exhibend. nisi possessionem praescript. ab antiquo. 
 
 " 0,°. S- Item quaeratur, si dictas Archiepus sequestrum interponat in dictis decimacionibus, 
 vel eas adjudicet ecclesie de Slaytburne, dicto Abbate non vocato vel non obtemperante suis 
 mandatis, quid et qualiter sit agend. 
 
 " Q,"- 4- Item quaeratur, an dicta causa per appellacion' possit in eventu ad 
 
 Curiam Cantuar' devolvi et ibidem amplius agitari." 
 
 " Mem. de Munimentis Abbatis et Conventus de Whalley, quae Magister Roo-erus de 
 Motelowe habuit secum usque Curiam Romanam : videlicet quatuor Bullas, unam scilicet gene- 
 ralem Alexandri Papae de omnibus rebus et tenementis pro tempore suo spectantibus ad Mon. 
 de Whalley confirmatam. Item aliam BuUam Bonifacii octavi de appropriatione Ecclesiae de 
 Whalley, et de translatione Conventus. Item terciam BulJam de oidinacione vicariarum de 
 Blakeburn, Rachedal, et Eccles. Item quartam bullam de couHrmacione ordinationis 
 vicariarum. Item ordinacionem Domini Rogeri Covent. et Lichf. Episcopi, super Vicariam 
 de Whalley. Item habuit copias relaxationum de pensionibus Capitulorum Coventr. et 
 Lichf. et Archidiac. Cestr." 
 
 This appears to have been when the Abbot and Convent were soliciting a confirmation of 
 the second endowment of the vicarage at the Court of Rome. 
 
 Next in the MS. though out of chronological order, is the curious renunciation of the rio-ht 
 of hunting within the forests, by Gregory the first Abbot, 
 
 " Omnibus ad quos praesens scriptum pervenerit. Prater Gregorius Abbas Loci Benedict! 
 de Stanlawe et ejusdem loci Convent, salt, in Domino. Quum nobilis vir Dominus Henr, de 
 Lacy Com. Line, dederit et concesserit nobis et successoribus nostris Ecclesiam de Whalleye in 
 pioprios usus in perpetuum tenendam, licet quondam Rectores quidam ecclesie predicte jus 
 fugaudi et feras capiendi infra forestas praedicti comitis se vendicaverint habere, ut de jure Ec- 
 clesie praedicte de Whalleye: nos pro nobis et successoribus nostris remisimus et in perpetuum 
 quietum clamavimus totum jus et clameum, quod habuirans, seu aliquo modo habere poterimus 
 fugandi, seu feras capiendi, infra forestas praedicti Comitis, vel heredum suorum, seu infra aliquem 
 
 locum
 
 134 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 locum qui ad forestain vel ad chaceam pertineat ; ita quod nee nos, nee suceessores nostri de 
 caetero aliquod jus vel clameum fugandi, vel aliquod aliud eapiendi infra aliquem locum ad 
 forestas vel ehaceas praedicti Comitis, vel heredum suorum, seu infra aliquem locum, qui ad 
 forestas et ehaceas pertineat ratione praedicte ecclesie de Whalleye, exigere vet vendieare pote- 
 rimus. In cujus rei testimonium huic sciipto sigillum nostrum apposuimus. Hiis testibus: 
 Domino Roberto filio Rogeri, Willielmo le Vavasour, Johanne de Hidel, Roberto de Harte- 
 ford, Jac. de Nevile, Rob. de Schirburn, Johanne Spring, &c. Dat. ap. Stanlawe, Anno 
 Domini mcclxxxxiiii." 
 
 The following instrument is a deed of sale of a slave and his family. 
 
 " Omnibus, &e. Gregorius Abbas et Conv. de Whalley sal'm. Noveritis nos, pro nobis et 
 singulis suecessoribus nostris, dedisse, concessisse, et tradidisse dilecto nobis in Christo I. G. et 
 assignatissuis R. fil. I. fil. A. de W. nativum nostrum cum tota sequela sua, et omnibus rebus suis 
 habitis et habendis, pro centum solidis sterlingorum nobis a pdicto Johanne traditis et solutis ; 
 ita quod praedictus R. cum tota sequ«la sua et omnibus rebus suis ut praedict. est, liberi sint, 
 soluti et quieti ab omni calumpnia, &c. Ita quod, nee nos, nee suceessores nostri aliquid juris 
 vel elamei in praedictis, ratione nativitatis de caetero quoquo modo poterimus vindieare. Salvo 
 jure nostro et calumpnia nostra versus quoscimque alios nativos nostros. In cujus rei testi- 
 monium huic carte nostre, quam ad majorem securitatem fecimus indentari, tarn nos quam prae- 
 dictus I. sigilla nostra mutuo apposuimus." 
 
 " Universis, &c. Fr. Abbas de S. salt"" in D"". Licet nuper ad instanciam D"' Abbatis de C. in 
 visitatione sua apud Whalleye ad quandam cedulam articulos quosdam contra Abbatem dieti 
 Loci continent, sigillum nostrum apposuerimus, non tam eo animo hoc fecimus ut testaremur 
 ipsos articulos veros esse, aut per hoc factum nostrum dco Abbati respondendi pro statu suo 
 via prsecluderetur, quod postea testificavimus per praesentes. Quod cum saepe dicto Abbati de 
 Whalley a dicto patre Abbate*. . . si gratis eedet curialitas camere, et alia humanitatis solacia coram 
 nobis liberaliter ofTerentur, et ipse de hiis non euraret, asseruit nobis plena voce libentissime 
 se cessurum, nihil de hiis eurialitatibus affectando, si amotis quatuor aut quinque accusatoribus 
 suis, quorum quidam infames erant et notorie defamati, tota reliqua communitas conventus sui 
 seu pars sanior coram D"" Abbate de H. qui tunc aderat et nobis singillatim seu in communi, 
 privatim vel publice, modo debito requisita mallet vel dignum esse dieet ipsum cedere qui 
 dicitur inter ipsos auetoritate regiminis praesidere, ad quod praefatus pater Abbas penitus non 
 consensit." 
 
 " Venerabili pri suo in X'to, et cum omni reverentia nominando D"° A. Abbati de Q.^ 
 suor' minimus Fr. (J. vocatus Abbas de Whalley cum debita subjectione salutem. Equum 
 qualem petitis libentissime misissemus, si facultas respondisset voluntati. Super hoc suffieienter 
 excusare nos poterit lator praesentium, si hiis quae vidit velit veraciter testimonium perhibere. 
 Ceterum mala nobis facta causa vestri non meminimus, aut debere fieri scient' meruimus 
 ;};ad nos spectat. honor' vrum taxacio quae D"' multiplicet et augmentet, angustati turn 
 
 * Something is wanting here, which renders the sense of the whole passage defective. 
 
 -f- Cumbennere. It was very ungracious in the Abbot of tins house, to beg an horse from his brother of Whalley, 
 whom he appears to have been at that \ery time oppressing, by an unjust taxation. 
 ^ Here is another deficiency, owing to the carelessness of tlie transcriber. 
 
 fuimus
 
 Book II— Chap. 11] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 135. 
 
 fuimus graviter nos et omnes nostri pro rata contribucionis nobis imposita anno praeterito et 
 gravius anno isto, quod, si isti benevoli estimatores bonorum nostrorum ecclesiasticorum debita 
 quae incurrimus et sumptus, quos fecimus pro eisdem a})penderent aequa lance, non preponderaret 
 pars nostra tarn largiter quam loquuntur. Quod revera Ecclesia de Whalley qnam forsitan 
 exaggerant in immensiim subductis expensis quas causa ejusdein fecimus, et Vicarii porcione 
 non multum de claro hue usque recepimus, nee forte recipiemus per quinquennium proxime 
 secuturum. Si igitur justum sit coram Deo et ordine tam pro non habitis, quam habitis, nos 
 taxari, vos videritis. Valeat vestra sancta Paternitas semper in D""." 
 
 " Venerabili patri et cum omni reverentia nominando U°° Abbati Savign'. sui semper 
 humiles et devoti in X'to filii Fr. G. dictus Abbas de Whalley et ejusdem loci convent' cum 
 debita subjectione salutem. Quum ratione appropriationis Ecclesie de Whalley nobis nuper 
 facte videtur nonnuUis onera circumstancia non pensare oibus * nostra possessio non minimum 
 
 exercuisse in contributionibus ordinis summa nobis imposita ultra solitum augeri 
 
 multum de jure debere. Ideo veru' valore' dee Ecciie prout ex singulis pculis quae nos circum- 
 
 cingunt elici poluit bona fide et sana conscientia vobis in scriptis transmittimus notantes 
 
 aliqua de oneribus h diverso, ut pensatis que rite pensanda sunt, quod de claro nobis accrescat 
 
 ratione cujus rata nostra super antiquam consuetudinem debeat augmentari possit vestra 
 
 discretio et secundum H. venerabili pri nro de C. mandare dignemini ut manum suam temperet 
 in taxando. Valeat vra Rev. P'ternitas semp. in D"" IHU XRO. 
 
 D°° Venerabili Abbati de Savign' per suum de Whalley. 
 
 " Eidem Abbati de W. onera incumbentia. 
 Ad sustentacione' xx Monachor. lxvi/. xiii^. ivrf. vz. clz. v. m. per an^ 
 Capitul. Coventr. et Lichf. et Archidiac. xv/. annuatim. 
 Ecctie de Blak. xlv*. vd. annuatim. 
 
 Pro decimis congregandis, cariandis et domibus conducendis, x/. annuatim. 
 In extraordinis, utpote regiis exactionibus, cardinalium, nunciorum, D"' Pape, procuracionibus 
 
 Denar mercalibus vel libralibus et hiis secund. casum. 
 
 It™ edificatio sive constructio nove Abbie. 
 Indebitat. Domus ratione dicte Ecctie, utpote Episcopo jam defuncto in c libr. solut. 
 Simoni de Alvetham pro resignatione juris sui, si quod habuit, in capella de Alvetham, 
 
 xx/. solut. 
 Pro expensis factis circa diet. Eccl^ in Curia Romana Regia, Cantuar' et Constar' Lichf. ccc/. 
 
 solutum. 
 
 Sma omn. onerum praeter ea per casum, i^i^xiii/. xix.y. ixt^. 
 
 " Querimonia Abbatis de Whalley, qui queritur de Patre Abbate suo de Cumbarmere eo quod 
 
 nimis taxavit eum de contributione patri Abbati de Savigne per se et per alium, ut 
 
 inquirat super hoc diligenter veritatem, et inde faciat quod justicia suadebit. Et quod pluribus 
 aliis negociis praepediti ad dictain terram non possumus accedere, dilecto et fideli co-abbati nostro 
 deT. committimus vices nostras, quod super hoc secundum tenorem dicte definitionis veritatem 
 inquirat, &c. Dat. anno D"' mccc vicesimo. Die Jovis post Resurrectionem. 
 
 * 1 am compelled to abandon this passage^ like several of the foregoing. 
 
 " Nos
 
 ,36 ~ HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. 11. 
 
 " Nos Abbas de T. praedictus, hujus commissionis auctoritate, associate nobis ven. Abbatede 
 Furnes, una cum discretis viris Guliebn. Bursar, et Ric. le Soterel, suppriore Savign. accedentes 
 personaliter ad domum de Wballey preedictani, ubi comparentibus coram nobis partibus prae- 
 dictis, ac earum rationibus et allegationibus, quas in scriptis dare, vel ore tenus dicere voluerint 
 hinc inde auditis et intellectis, consideratisque taxationibus, tarn super decimam ad verum 
 valorem, quam super contributionibus aliis factis, quas dicte partes ad eorum intentionem fun- 
 dandam coram nobis exhibuerint et approbaverint, ac super hiis omnibus habita deliberatione 
 matura, de assensu partis utriusque definimus, et definiendo sententiamus et pronunciamus, quod 
 cum dictus Abbas de Cumbermar. dicto tilio suo de Whalley imposuerat centum et sex libras 
 
 bonorum de ducentis et duodecim libris ejusdem monete sibi et generacioni sue pro 
 
 contribucione de anno D"' mccc octavo decimo, dicta summa centum et sex librarum restringatur 
 ad quater viginti libras monete predicte ; residuum vero ejusdem contribucionis dcus Abbas de 
 Cumbermar sibi et ceteris liliis suis distribuat prout viderit faciendum : ita tamen quod ex hac 
 nostra restitutione, moderacione, vel decisione nullum pro futuris teraporibus praejudicium gene- 
 retur. Expensas quoque quas dcs Abbas de Whalley se asseruit fecisse occasione querela 
 memorate de utriusque partis assensu taxavimus ad centum solid, sterlingorum, quas dcm 
 Abbatem de Cumbermar' dicto filio suo de Whalley hinc ad proxime sequens festum Natal. D"' 
 solvere debere adjudicavimus in hiis scriptis. In quor' omnium praemissorum testimonium 
 sigillum nostrum una cum sigil. dicti D°' de Furnes et partium praedictar' praesentibus est 
 appensum. Dat. apud dictam Dom. de Whalley primo die mensis Junii, anno D"' mccc 
 vicessimo." 
 
 From these Instruments alone we learn that Whalley, and consequently Stanlaw, were 
 filial houses, dependent upon Cumbermere, in Cheshire. The whole family of children was 
 styled Generatio. In the taxation referred to in this transaction, the Abbot appears to have 
 acted oppressively and injuriously to his daughter of Whalley. The other dependent houses 
 were Deulacres and Hulton, both in Staffordshire. I meet with no other trace of dependence 
 in the later transactions of Whalley ; and perhaps this oppressive taxation may have induced 
 the monks of our House to assert their own independence the sooner. The contest, however, 
 was settled for the present, by the following Agreement : — 
 
 " Venerabilibus in X*° Patribus D"» de B(iland) et de C Abbatibus,.Fratres Wil- 
 
 helmus et Gregorius de Cumbermere et de Whalley dicti Abbates sal" cum omni reverentia et 
 honore. Quum super querelam dudum in capitulo generali propositam, ad quam terminandam 
 judices dati estis, ex mutua caritate patris ad filium, et filii ad patrem, concordavimus in hunc 
 moduni ; videl* quod nos Abbas de Cumbermar' et successores nostri, quoties collectiones sive 
 contributiones de cetero fient in ordine, summam nobis et gcnerationi nostrae impositam convo- 
 catis fiiiis Abbatibus nostris fideliter et expresse notificabimus, et in ipsius summe distributione 
 seu divisione per omnia secundum formam dist' a ca° \°. Nos vero Abbas de Whalley et suc- 
 cessores nostri sic et caeteri coabbates filii de Cumbermar', summam nobis taliter impositam 
 acceptabimus indilate: vestram sanctam paternitateni devote et humiliter exoramus, quatenus 
 formam istam si placet acceptantes, eam in scriptis demittatis, utque parti trahendis redigere 
 dignemini, reservata vobis et successoribus vestris auctoritate compulsionis parti parere nolenti 
 
 in posterum faciende. Dat, apud Whalley • • • -die et apud Cumbermar' die ann " 
 
 " Ven.
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. . 13? 
 
 " Ven. in X*" pri et D"° D"" Rogero Dei gni Coventr. et Lichf. Epo, suus si placet filius humilis 
 et devotus V'icarius Ecclesie de Wlialleye omiiimodam reverentiam, &c. Mandatum vruin 
 reverenduni niiper recepi, scil' eo qui sequitur tenore. Rogerus perm. div. Coventr' et Liclif. 
 Epus dilecto in X'° filio Vicario Ecclesie de Whalleye nre Dioc. gram, &c. Querelam religio- 
 sorum viror. Abbatis et Covent. de Whalleye, ecclesiam ipsam de Whalleye cum suis capellis 
 in usus proprios optinent' noviter recepimus, continentem quod, licet cura poch' totius pochie 
 predictor Ecclesie de Whalleye, omniumque et singulor' pochianorum ejusdem, ad vos racibne 
 vicarie vre pertineat et pertinere debeat, ac Vicarius, qui pro tempore fuerit curam hujus per se 
 et suos capellanos exercere teneatur, vos tamen curam poch' Capelle infra Castru' de Clyderhou 
 scituate, prefate Ecclesie de Whalleye annexe, et dependentis ab eadem, subire et agnoscere sicut 
 in ceteris capellis dependentibus, absque causa rationabili temere recusatis, in ipsorum religio- 
 sorum prtejudicium non modicum et grave periculum animarum. Quocirca vobis quantum 
 de jure possumus firmiter injungendo mandamus quatenus, si sit ita, curam parochialem capelle 
 supradict' prout justum fuerit, et ad vos pertinere dinoscitur, subire ac solerter et diligeuter 
 exercere nullatenus omittatis. Alioqui tenore praesentium peremptorie vos citamus quod tercio 
 
 die juridico post dominicam qua coram Comissario nro in Ecclesia nra. Cath. Lichf. com- 
 
 parere curetis canonicum si quod habeat • • • • ad agnoscend' et exercend' curam parochiale' 
 capelle supradicte compelli debeatis in foro juris propositur' et receptur' ulterius in hac parte 
 quod justicia suadebit. Ouid autem in premissis feceritis et duxeritis faciend' prefatum Commissar, 
 dictis die et loco certificetis per literas vestras patcntes. Dat. London, xvii Kal. Apr. Alio D"' 
 M ccc tricessimo quinto. 
 
 " Scire velit vestra Dnacio Reverenda quod adversa valetudine gravissima praepeditus non 
 potui personaliter comparere, sed procuratorem meum in praemissis sufficienter instructum vobis 
 destinavi : sic mandatum vestrum quatenus potui reverenter sum executus. Dat. apud Whalleye 
 Id. April. Mccc tricessimo sexto." 
 
 To the Sale of a Slave and his Family may be added the Hiring of a Servant for Life : — 
 
 " Universis, &c. — Noveritis nos unanimi consensu et pari voluntate concessisse Galf. dicto 
 K. pro servicio quod nobis hucusque servierit et serviet in futuro, victuni et vestitum in Domo 
 nostra de Whalley pro toto tempore vite sue, dum tamen fidelitcr se habuerit et honeste ; ita quod, 
 dum in stabulo ex more servierit, vel in alio servicio sibi per nos assignando, locum unius ser- 
 vientis competenter et sufficienter tenere potuerit, dabimus ei in victualibus et vestitu, sicut unus 
 garcionum de stabulo Abbatis pro illo tempore recipere consuevit. Si autem infirmitate vel 
 senio praepeditus ad talem locum tenendum sufficere non valuerit, inveniemus ad sustentationem 
 suam inter familiares in infirmitorio sccularium, sicut uni talium solitum est ministrari." 
 
 Some conclusions, with respect to the general knowledge of the Monks of Whalie)', may be 
 formed from the following entries, in different parts of the " Liber Loci Benedicti." 
 Memor. quod in Anglia sunt Eccles. pochiales — l™ vi.* 
 
 Ville — — — — — — Lii™ fi^i. 
 
 Feoda Militum — — — — — xl™ ccxv. 
 
 De quibus Religiosi occupant — — — xxvi™ xv. 
 
 Comitatus — — — — — xxxvi di. 
 
 * More than fi\e times the real number. 
 
 T Tlie
 
 138 
 
 Terra 
 
 1 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. II. 
 
 The following Table will shew that tliey IkkI some principles of Husbandry : — 
 f rArgillosa — Frumentum, fab. aven. 
 
 \ Marlosa — Frumentum. 
 "Petrosa — Frumentum, fab. aven. 
 
 Siliciosa — Uniuscujusque seminis grano apta, maxime vescis ; et ista terra 
 Nigra <{ nutrit cuniculos. 
 
 Temperata — Apta uniuscujusque seminis grano. 
 . Sabulosa — Siligini. 
 
 "Argillosa — Frumentum, fab. avene. 
 Marlosa — Frumentum, avene. 
 Sabulosa — Siligo, Ordeum. 
 Rubea *{ Temperata "\ 
 
 Mixta I . . 
 
 VApta uniiiscujusque seminis grano. 
 
 Siliciosa -^ 
 
 " Ad restinguend. sanguinem de naribus vel vulneribus medicina probata. 
 
 " Deus propicius esto huic famulo tuo N. ne de suo corpora amplius gutta sanguinis exeat. 
 Sic placet filio Dei. Sic sue genetrici Marie. In nomine Patris cessa, sanguis. In nomine Filii 
 cessa, sanguis. In nomine Spiritus Sancti cessa, sanguis. In nomine See Trinitatis. 
 
 Pur estauncher Saunh. 
 
 " Longevus miles lancea latus Salvatoris aperuit: continuo exeunt sanguis et aqua — sanguis 
 Redemptoris et aqua Baptismatis. In noie pris >{< cesset sanguis. In noie filii ^ restet san- 
 guis >J<. In noie spus sci ^ non exeat sanguis amplus de ore vel de vena vel de naso*." 
 
 They had an opportunity of trying the efficacy of this charm, within a short time after it was 
 written, upon one of their brethren, who was shot with an arrow. As he died of the wound, 
 I am compelled to suppose that the charm was forgotten. 
 
 r_ . . rquod 24 Cuscute lini faciunt quod Anglice die"" Cherf. 
 
 \ quod 24 Garbe faciunt unum 'Ihrave. 
 r quod 10 Cor. faciunt unum Dik. 
 \ quod 10 Dik. faciunt unum Last, 
 /-quod 5 Petr. faciunt una' Duodena'. 
 De Ferro ^ quod 13 Duodene faciunt unum Seem. 
 I quod 24 Petr. faciunt unu' Band. 
 ^°ta<( j-j^ ^^^^ r quod Libra cere ponderat 24 Solid. 
 
 I quod 8 Lib. cere faciunt Petram. 
 De Cepo et Canabo 16 Libr. faciunt Petram. 
 rquod 12 Libr. faciunt Petram. 
 1 quod 30 Petr. faciunt unum Saccum. 
 /•quod Dragma ponderat 2 d. ob. 
 DeSpeciebus <j quod Uncia ponderat 20 Dragm. 
 I quod Libra ponderat 20 Solid. 
 * This legend is attended to by Pciis Ploughman, wlio lias coIl^■orted the epithet Longavm into a proper name, Longeus. 
 
 Nota 
 
 De Lino 
 De Corio 
 
 De Lana
 
 Book II.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 139 
 
 TVT , fquod 26 Pedes faciunt unam Rodam vel Perticatam tre. 
 
 l 40 Rode in long« et 4 in lat% vel 20 in long, et 8 in Int. faciunt unam Acram. 
 
 Distempera 
 
 "Azoriu' cum albo vino et gumy, vel cu' glarea ovi. 
 Vermiculuin cum glarea ovi et modico salis et aque. 
 Viride Gruecum cum albo vino et croco et modico melJis. 
 
 ad scribendum Crocum cum glarea ovi. 
 Sinopitle cum glarea ovi. 
 LBrasill. id'm. 
 
 But the most singular circumstance in this volume is, that it contains the Runic Alphabet, 
 together with some other contractions, of which it does not appear how they came to the 
 knowledge of the Monks, o»* what use they made of them. 
 
 r ^ 4 1^ } 1^ r * I r f^ Y M ^ K J? M h 
 
 a b c d e f g h i k 1 m a o p q r s t ou 
 
 The attestation of the following instrument is sufficiently curious to procure the insertion of 
 the whole: 
 
 " Ita convenit inter Viros religiosos Abbatem et Conventum Loci Benedicti de Whalley et 
 D"* A. de B. (Adam de Blackburn) Mil™ : vid' quod dicti Abbas et Conv' unanimi consensu 
 Capituli sui concesserunt dicto D"" A. ad totam vitam suam xl*. sterlingorum percipiend. apud 
 Whalley in festo Sci Mich, major, annuatim. Dictus vero D"' A. e contra versus dictos Reli- 
 giosos, ea securitate qua fidelem militem obligari convenit, se astrinxit quod eisdem in omnibus 
 negociis et necessitatibus suis fidele consilium et auxilium impendet toto tempore vite sue sine 
 fraude, calumpnia, seu qualibet fictione. Et quod decimas garbarum de dominicis carucis 
 suis in terra, quam tempore confectionis presentium coluerit per easdem anuis singulis libenter 
 recipiet ad voluntatem dictorum religiosorum pro pecunia memorata (numerata r) Ita quod eis- 
 dem decimis perceptis literas acquietantie* dictis religiosis de xl*. annuis antedictis. Ad majorem 
 vero hujus rei securitatem huic scripto cyrographato utraque pars sigillum suum mutuo apposuit. 
 Testibus Deo, Beata Maria, et Omnibus Sanctis patronis Ecclesie de Whalley." 
 
 I shall next insert one of their Contracts for the Sale and Delivery of Wool. 
 
 " Universis, &c. R. de W. (Rob. de Warrington) Prior Donius de Whalley et Fr. R. de M. 
 (Moston) dicte domus Cellararius. Noveritis nos, nomine procuratorio dictor. Ab. et Conv. 
 teneri et obligari A. B. Burgensi et Mercatori de I. per bonum compotum inter nos nomine quo 
 supra ex parte una et diet. A. ex altera factum, in viii saccis bone lane dicte domus et iv saccis 
 medie lane et loccarum electar domus ejusdem. C)ue quidem tota lana antedicta debet per pro- 
 curatorem dicti A. parari, brusari, et in sarpellario ejusdem A. insaccari et per pondus dee Domus 
 debitum et consuetum ponderari. Et illos xii saccos lane pdicte . . . . . tenemur reddere et 
 deliberare pdicto A. vel suo Attornato apud villam Sci B(otulphi) sumptibus dee Domus die 
 Sci Petri ad Vincula in forma subscript', soil, anno dim", &c. tres saccos bone lane et unum 
 
 * Dabit, or some other verb, is to be understood here. 
 
 saccum
 
 »40 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. IJ. 
 
 saccum medie lane et loccar' electar ; et anno dim. quinto, &c. duos saocos et dim'" bone lane 
 et I sacc. medie lane et loccarum electarum ; et anno dim. vi'" duos saccos et dim. bone lane 
 et unum saccnm et dimid. medie lane et loccar' elect, sine ulteriori dilatione. Et pro quolibet 
 sacco bone lane modo praedicto non solute tenemur reddere et paiare d"^" A. vel sue Attornato 
 x/. \s. pro sacco medie laneet loccar' electar' x""^Mnfra octo dies per quodlibetterm™ non observa- 
 tum. Pro quibus onniibus fideliter adimplendis obligamus D™ Ab'" et Conv. et omn. bona d" 
 Domus mobil. et immobil. capiend. distringend. detinend. &c. 
 
 T) c r bone lane x mrc 1 ■ ,. 
 
 rrec. feac. -( ^ > in vendi 
 
 L medie lane vi mrc J 
 
 icione. 
 
 " In Dei nomine Amen. Ego Frater Robertas de Topclifte, Abbas de Whalley, protestor 
 in hiis scriptis me fore paratum ad recipiendas constitutiones sanctissimi in Christo patris nostri 
 Domini Benedicti Pape xii personis nostri ordinis, ut dicit, indictas et in ultimo nostro 
 gcnerali capitulo promulgatas, cum reverentia qua teneor et devocione ; necnon easdem velle 
 observare, eisque quatenus de jure teneor libenter obedire, nedum secundum quod nuda verba 
 modo videntur sonare, scd magis ad mentem condentis, seu secundum quod nostri dicti ordinis 
 capitulum generale ipsas judicabit observandas juxta modilicaciones, declaraciones, vel exposi- 
 ciones earundem, si quas super hiis in posterum fuerint subsecutae." 
 
 To this Supplementary account 1 have nothing to add, before the attainder of the House; when 
 I learn from Stow the following particulars, which have not been repeated so circumstantially by 
 any subsequent compiler of English history. " The 10th of March (1537) John Paslew, B. D. 
 being then the five-and-twentieth abbot of Whalley, in Lancashire, was executed at Lancaster ; 
 and the same day with him was hanged, drawn, and quartered, John Eastgate, a monk of the 
 same house, whose quarters were set up at divers townes in that shire. And on the 13th of 
 March William Haydocke, a monk of Whalley, was hanged at Whalley, in the field called 
 Pediam Guies, and there hanged long time after." This story, though full of errors, partly of 
 the author and partly of the printer, is by much the most circumstantial narrative which has 
 been given of these melancholy events. But, first, it was TraiFord, Abbot of Salley, who was 
 executed at Lancaster on the 10th of March. Secondly, it appears, from the Abbey Register, 
 that Paslew suffered on the 1 2th; and, by the constant tradition of the place, at Whalley, in 
 the field called the Holehouses. So much, therefore, of Stow's account is inaccurate. But 
 again this story agrees with that of Speed and others, that Paslew was not dismembered. Next, 
 the cruel and ignominious execution of Eastgate rests on Stow's single authority; which, 
 having nothing to contradict it, may be presumed to be true. Lastly, by Pediham Guies can 
 only be meant Padiham Green, or Padiham Eases, either of which is five miles from Whalley. 
 Thus corrected, the account is remarkably coherent; for, sujjposing all these ecclesiastics to have 
 been tried together, Trafford, being executed on the spot, suffered first. One whole day more was 
 required to convey the other convicts to Whalley, where Paslew and Eastgate suffered on the 
 12th. This scene might suffice for one day. And, lastly, Haydock was carried to Padiham, 
 for what reason I do not know, and hanged there the day following*. 
 
 * I had been assured, that iccords of the indictment and conviction of these Ecclesiastics remained in the Rolls 
 at Lancaster; but, on a ver) diligent search, they could not be found. 
 
 Status
 
 Book III.— Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 14i 
 
 Status Mon. bte Marie Vginia de\ ^^ 
 Wlialkv*. J ' 
 
 INVENTAR' OMn' ET SINGLOr' BONOR. MOBIL. 
 
 Vasa sacrat. pr' 
 vestiblo. de- 
 putata. 
 
 In primis xvi Calices de arg. deaurat. et pondeiat — ccclxxix unc. 
 
 } 
 
 It' duo paria Tlmribul' de arg. deaurat. et ponderat — 
 It. una navis de argento pro Chrismat.' et pondat — 
 It. unum par Pliialar' de arg. deaur. et pond. — 
 
 It', unum par Candelabr. de arg. et ponder. — — 
 It'. Baculus pastoralis de arg. capite deaur. et pond. 
 It. caput alterius Bacli de arg. deaur. et pond. — 
 
 It. una crux de auro et ponderat — — — 
 It. alia crux de arg. deaur. et ponderat — — 
 
 It. alia crux de arg. deaur. et ponderat — — 
 
 It. alia crux ex ligno cum argento coopta. 
 It. una Pax de argento et ponderat — — — 
 It. una Mitra ornat. cum lapid' viz. Perls, super argent. 
 Vasa argen. in -\ In primis tres Salsar' de arg. deaurat. cum u^^'^ coop- 
 Cellar, et in ( tor et pond. — — — — 
 Camera Ab- j It. i Dassyn et i Ewer de arg. et ponderant — 
 batis. J It, iiii Bolls de arg. et pond. — — — — 
 It. ii Bolls de arg. parcel gylde et pond. — — 
 It. iii Standyng Cups vv*'' Covers deaur. et pond. — 
 It. i Standyng Cupp parcel gylde et pond — — 
 Item a Nest of Gobletts w'*! a Cover et pond. — 
 It. a Goblet with a Cover all gylde et pond. — 
 It. i other Goblet w*'' a Cover parcel gylde et pond. — 
 It. ii Wyne Potts de arg. et pond. — — — 
 It. iii Ale Cupps parcel gylde et pond. — — 
 It. iii letyll Ale Cups w'^ ii covs. parcel gylde et pond. 
 It. i Doss. Spones all gylde et pond. — — 
 , It. ii Doss. Spones w*'' gylde beds et pond. — — 
 It. i Doss. Spones et pond. — — — — 
 "l-It. ii Nutts for Ale, harnyshed w*'' Sylver 
 % It ii Massers for the Convent halle harnyshed w'*' Sylver. 
 
 From a paper in the Augmentation Office, I am now enabled to add several particulars to 
 my account of this house after the attainder. 
 
 * I find, by a comparison of hands, tliat tliis was written by Rob. Paris, al. Parishe, one of the last monks, 
 t A very early instance of the use of Cocoa Nuts as Cups. 
 
 X Masters, i. e. mazer or maple bowls, called by Ralph de Diceto, ad ann. 1182, Cuppis Mazerinae.— Vide Junium 
 in voce. Ex aceris nodis sive tuberculis ciispo maculamin discursu conspicuis fiunt scyphi insignes. — lb. 
 
 The 
 
 LXiv unc. 
 
 IX unc. 
 
 VIII unc. 
 
 L unc. 
 
 cvi unc. 
 
 xxxii unc. 
 
 XXX unc. 
 
 LXii unc. 
 
 VIII unc. 
 
 XII unc. 
 
 LVi unc. 
 
 LXix unc. 
 
 Lviii unc. 
 
 xxxvi unc. 
 
 Lxxxx unc. 
 
 XXIV unc. 
 
 LX unc. 
 
 XXVI unc. 
 
 XXVI unc. 
 
 XLii unc. 
 
 LI unc. 
 
 xxxviii unc. 
 
 XXIV unc. 
 
 xxxii unc. 
 
 XII unc.
 
 142 HISTORY OF WHALLEY, [Book II —Chap. II. 
 
 The Ahbev and (iemesiies were immediately committed to the custody of Braddyll. In the 
 course of two or three weeks Richard Pollard, esq. one of the king's surveyors, came down, and 
 let the demesnes, in parcels, for the first half year, or from Lady Day to Michaelmas. 
 Hence it appears, that all the live-stock must have been already disposed of. But, besides the 
 demesnes, the tenants at will, who were all the inhabitants of the town, occupying with their 
 houses small tenements of five, six, or eight acres each, were compelled to enter into new 
 contracts, probably at advanced rents. Yet tlie whole sum paid by them was only ^.iS. 2s. gd. 
 per annum : the price of houses from l.v. to 6d. and even 4d. each. The demesne lands ave- 
 raged about 2*. per acre, Lancashire measure, and at this low rate produced 62I. ll.v. -zd. The 
 herbage of the park and wood (the Lord's park), two miles in circuit, was demised to Sir 
 Alexander Osbaldeston, for 12/. This, I suppose, was pretty near the current price of land at 
 the time. Every acre of land, then let for '2s. is now worth thirty times the sum ; and yet 
 the price of the necessaries of life is not advanced, in the same interval, more than ten or 
 twelve fold. The reason of this disproportion is, that in times when there is no trade, farmers 
 must live wholly from the produce of their farms, and therefore require a much larger profit in 
 them. This was also a reason why land-owners retained so large a portion of their estates 
 in their own occupation*. 
 
 The following reflections may, not improperly, close this part of the subject : 
 Had the dissolution of monasteries been conducted on other principles than sacrilege and 
 rapine, had the application of their revenues been directed by those high ideas of the inalienable 
 nature of tithes and offerings which prevailed a century later, and, in consequence, their 
 spiritualities completely restored to officiating incumbents, while the temporalities, instead 
 of being squandered with thoughtless prodigality, had been disposed of at an extended value, 
 the necessities, even of Henry VIH. might have been abundantly supplied, and a wealthy, 3'et 
 not overgrown establishment, have been formed as the basis of reformation. But as it was, in 
 fact, conducted, nothing but the overruling Providence of God could have jjrocured even a 
 decent reception for the reforming clergy. For, on the sites of these great foundations, and 
 among people, above all others, bound to the old religion by interest, by imagination, by gra- 
 titude, and by regret, thei/ were turned out, armed indeed with the word of God, but destitute 
 of all external means to conciliate or to reward. On the very sites, where whole districts had 
 so lately been feasted and pensioned, thei/ had neither kitchens for hospitality, nor purses for 
 alms. Dejected and dissatisfied, and many of them, it is probable, deeply tinctured with old 
 prejudices, they performed their stated ofiices without spirit, and without effect, and they 
 transmitted to their successors, a ])eople only Christian inasmuch as they had received the rite of 
 baptism, and only not catholics, because the mass had been abolished among them. 
 
 * At the death of Sir John Tovvnek-y, of Towneley, A. D. 1541, the whole estate was valued at j^.lOO per annum. 
 The same, when stiipiied of all adiUlions by purchase or enclosures, is now worth ,^.3000. Nor was the pilce of 
 land in this dibtiict gicatlj advunctd in the reign of James tl.e First. In the year 1612 the demesnes of Towneley were 
 surveyed, and valued at '2s. per acie. 1 n the Pariiamentary Survey, about forty years after, the same lands averaged 
 between 4s. and i>s. Eight shillings per acre was about the average rent of farms here in the reign of Queen Anne. In 
 half a century more it liad incn-ased in a ratio of two and a half to one. In the same interval, from that lime to 
 the present, it may generally be considered as trebled again. 
 
 CHArrER
 
 143 
 
 EV. 
 
 deanery, the 
 on the ruins 
 kvill probably 
 
 tely upon the 
 t incumbent. 
 3re preparing 
 and, for two 
 gton, bishop 
 to the wants 
 For he or- 
 ra) corn land 
 iture for his 
 
 ■viiley MSS. but 
 
 )f the manor of 
 dowmeiit, have 
 ■f Survey, taken 
 
 Nether Town, 
 nry Hammond, 
 ■ns (though the 
 
 any ganlens. — 
 
 s, that by two 
 lat in VVhalley 
 ;h stripped the 
 , to this glebe 
 le Vill of J Jar- 
 ithin the same 
 ' singular fact ; 
 
 . De assensu 
 I fil. ejusd. &c. 
 atiqiiaui super 
 )ropinquiorera 
 Jelesele-nabbe 
 " lineaJiter
 
 SigilhF.liiftvl>enm fl 
 
 rh.iii. I 
 
 \ 
 
 
 >m,/h^ bo„„ml,u^ o/.hwu mmtn bn,„- tabula», JW J). ID Whltnirr.
 
 Book II.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 143 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 PARISH CHURCH AND VICARAGE OF TVHALLEY. 
 
 JriAVING now traced, to the several periods of their duration, the ancient deanery', the 
 short-hved rectory which followed, and the magnificent abbey, which rose upon the ruins 
 of both, we are next to consider the Vicarage, which has survived them all, and will probably 
 continue as long as an ecclesiastical establishment remains in England. 
 
 The regular ordination of a vicarage in this church did not take place immediately upon the 
 appropriation, nor even till five years after the death of Peter de Cestria, the last incumbent. 
 In the mean time, it may be presumed, that the monks of Stanlaw, while they were preparing 
 for their own translation, were careful to have the cure supplied by chaplains ; and, for two 
 years afterwards, by some of their own body. But, in the year l2g 8, Walter Langton, bishop 
 of Litchfield, endowed the second vicarage of Whalley in a spirit more favourable to the wants 
 and merits of a respectable incumbent, than to the rapacity of craving monks *. For he or- 
 dained the vicar's jjortion to consist in a manse and thirty acres-}- of meadow and (terra) corn land 
 adjoining, with housebote and haybote in the abbey woods, and common of pasture for his 
 
 * Copies of most of these endowments, &c. remain in the Coucher Book, and among the Townley MSS. but 
 they have been ah'eady given from an authentic and original source, the " Liber Loci Bencdicti." 
 
 f The ancient glebe of the Rectory or Deanery, as we have already seen, was the entire demesne of the manor of 
 Whalley ; but it is remarkable, that all vestiges of the glebe, granted to the Vicar under the first endowment, have 
 not yet disappeared, though it was so quicldy merged in the Abbey demesne again. In the Inquisition of Survey, taken 
 before Roger Nowell, Esq. &c'. .\.D. 1016, the glebe was described as lying in divers parcels about the Nether Town, 
 together with two tenements near Clerk Hill, one occupied by Mr. Crombock, and the other by Henry Hammond, 
 gent, (a near relative of the famous Dr. Henry Hammond). The cottages to the East, «ith their gardens (though the 
 site of the ancient hermitage) are described as parcel of this glebe, and those on the North, but nithout amj gardens. — 
 The lands near Clerk Hill are still distinguished by the name of Glebe. 
 
 But, saith this Survey, " By the Terrier there should be 41 A. 2 R. 20 falls, of glebe ; yet it appears, that by two 
 " recoveries, one bearing dale 2G Edw. I. of 1.5 acres, and the other 12th Edw. HI. of 60 acres, that in Whalley 
 " were "5 acres of glebe. — (I am unable to accoinit for this last fact, as the second endowment, which stripped the 
 " Vicarage of the best part of the glebe, had taken place long before the 12th of Edw. HI.) — Moreover, to this glebe 
 " belonged common on Whalley Moor, and also common of pasture in the Moors of Hillington, and the Vill of Har- 
 '.' wood, between Rotilcgh Clough and the Divises of Billington, excepting (jOA. of moor and pasture v\ithin the same 
 " Divises, reserved wlicn this common was gr.inted, viz .\T). 1314." — So far the Inq. which records a very singular fact ; 
 namely, that right of common appertained to the glebe of Whalley in another parish. 
 
 This may partly be explained by the following Abstract of a Record in the " Liber Loci Benedicti :" 
 
 " De divisis factis inter Magn. Harwod et Mediet. ville de Bilyngton, A» Reg. Regis Edw. xx.xiiii. De assensu 
 " nobilis viri Hen. de Lascy Com. Lincoln, inter Will'" de Heskeyth et Joh. fil. ejusd. Rog" Noel, Adam fil. ejusd. &c. 
 " in Magn. Harewod et D"""" Ad. de Hudlcston, &c. in Bilyngton, scil. incipiend. ad quandam sepem antiquani super 
 " ripam aquae de Kaldii", subtus le l"allingtc-ker dcscendendo perillam sepem usque ad quendam rivuluai pio})inquiorem 
 
 " tcrre et sic ascendendo per dictum rivulum usque summitatem cujusdam montis qui dicifur Belesete-nabbe 
 
 " linealiter
 
 144 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. III. 
 
 cattle in the park *, along with those of the convent, in the altarage of the mother church and 
 chapels, that of Alvetham excepted, which was then litigious. Likewise in the glebe lands of 
 Brunley and the other chapels, &c. This was a fair and liberal distribution of the bene- 
 fice, which, though it allowed to the monks the rich and spacious glebe, excepting thirty 
 acres, and all the tithes of the parish, great and small, still left the incumbent in a respectable 
 and independent situation. 
 
 These conditions were endured for a season, because they were the best that could be ob- 
 tained from a prelate of good sense, spirit, and humanity; but, after the death of Langton, 
 who survived this transaction twenty-four years, a bishop succeeded, of whom it is observed by 
 Godwyn, that after having sat thirty-eight years, he had done nothing worthy of commendation, 
 nisi forte hoc ah illo recte factum dicamus, quod niortuus est. This was Roger de North- 
 borough, a man much more accommodating to the views of monks, and accordingly, by a 
 second ordination, dated at Manchester, 12 Kal. Apr. in the year I330, after reciting the 
 immoderate endowment of the present vicarage, the barrenness of the place, the great resort 
 of strangers, the increased number of monks, the expences incurred in building, &c. this 
 bishop having examined the abbot and vicar in person, and the convent by their proctor, and 
 exacted an oath from all parties to abide his ordination, decrees that the vicarage in future shall 
 consist in a competent manse, with a yard within the abbey close, to be erected at the expence 
 of the house, in hay sufficient for one horse, with four quarters of oats, and in sixty-six marks, 
 payable in money; in consideration of which, the vicar should undergo all ordinary burdens 
 of the said church, the chapel of Alvetham, concerning which, the suit was now determined, 
 and all the other chapels ; that he should also find a priest for each chapel, with bread and 
 wine for the communion, &c. ; and moreover, that he should distribute the sum of 13*. 4rf. on 
 the morrow of St. Michael, yearly, to the convent, as a pittance. 
 
 Henceforward the vicar became little better than a mere stipendiary, burdened, moreover, 
 with the expences of the sacramental elements, and with the support of seven priests, to offi- 
 ciate in the dependent chapels. 
 
 These are the seven chapels of the old foundation, all of which not only existed, but were 
 endowed with competent glebes before Henry de Lacy's grant of the advowson, A.D. 1284. 
 And all these glebes, though merged from the time of this ordination in the glebe of the rectory, 
 remained till the late sale of one moiety of the Rectory, distinct from all other property, and 
 generally contiguous to the churches to which they originally belonged. 
 
 " linealiter usque ad quendam fossatum ibi de novo constructuni. Et sic de illo fossato per foveas ibidem factas ad 
 " lapldes ibi per locos positos de recte usque ad Hoielowe et del Horelowe per foveas ibi de novo factas et lapides ibidem 
 " positos usque ad Snodworth, qui locus de Snodworth est in occidentem. Et sic eiunt de cetero divise inter Magu. 
 " Harrewod et Bilyngton p'dictas in perpetuum. 
 
 " Et ha;c concordia facta fuit in prc^entia Dei D"' Her', de Lascy Com. Lincoln. Hiis test. D"' Will, le Vavasour, 
 " W™ deStopham, Ad. de Waleton, W"" de Banastre, militibus; Tho. de Fischeburn, Hen. L'Escrop, Edwardo Talebot, 
 " Thorn. Le Sureys, Symone de Alvetham, Ric'o de Ruysheton, Rob. de Eadem, Ad. de Clogh, et aliis, die Ven. prox. 
 " ante fest. Sci. Joh. Bapt. a° supiadict."t 
 
 * From this early mention of a park, it appears to have been inclosed before the foundation of the abbey, and 
 probably under the deans. It was afterwards called the Lord's Park, and extended from the town to Parkhead in 
 length, and from Calder to the turnpike-road in breadth, a fertile and beautiful piece of gi-ound. 
 
 t From the attestations of so many inhabitants of Blackurnbshire, it may fairly be inferred, Uiat this transaction took place at 
 Clitheroe Castle, when the Earl was there. Sir VViu. de Stophatu was Lord of Weston, near Otiey, where his tomb, or that of one of his 
 progenitors, remains. 
 
 The
 
 Book II.— Chap. III.] 
 
 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 
 
 145 
 
 The following table will necessarily suggest two observations: 1st. that these glebes have 
 uniformly been allotted with a reference to the ancient oxgang ; and 2dly, how little that 
 admeasurement varied from itself in seven distinct instances. 
 
 Comparative table of the Chapels of the old foundation in the parish of Whalley, with the 
 measure of their respective glebes in oxgangs and acres. 
 
 Name, 
 Cliderhow, 
 St. Magdalen, in 
 
 villa Calne, 
 Brunley, 
 
 Elvetham, 
 
 iEra. Oxgangs. 
 
 all mentioned in Delaval's / 2 
 charter, and therefore 
 existing temp. Hen. 
 Imi. - - - - - 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 A. 
 *43 
 
 35 
 
 -founded by H. fil. Los- 
 wine, circ. R. Ric. 
 Imi. _ _ - - - 
 
 } 
 
 M 
 
 L 
 
 DOWNUM, 
 
 Church, - - 
 Haslingden, 
 
 I uncertain, but all founded j 
 I before the year 1284. ] 
 
 f35 
 originally endowed as a parish"] 
 church ; but, upon being reduced j 
 to a state of dependence, the ^ 
 glebe appears to have been re- j 
 
 - 36 
 32 
 15 
 
 R. 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 P. 
 
 
 
 
 
 stored to the manor. 
 
 20 
 10 
 
 
 In the endowment of these ancient chapels, a very laudable attention, we see, was paid to 
 the independence and comfort of the incumbent; and two oxgangs, or somewhat more than 
 thirty Lancashire acres, appear in general to have been thought adequate to his support. Whe- 
 ther, before the first appropriation, these chaplains were entitled respectively to the whole of 
 their own altarage, or to what part of it, or to none at all, does not appear. 
 
 But it is difficult to stop the progress of injuries when once begun; for, even in Langton's 
 ordination, liberal as it was in some respects, the vicar was first robbed by the monks, and then 
 sent to seek his remedy by seizing the glebes and manses of the dependent clergy. From this 
 sentence, however, the terms of «hich were, perhaps, as easy as LaHgton could impose, no 
 appeal lay but to the Court of Rome, where every ear was closed to a representation of the 
 secular clergy against the monks; so that from this time forward the poor chaplains were com- 
 pelled to hire a residence where it could be found, and to purchase the necessaries of life 
 where they could be obtained, when there was scarcely any exchange or commerce, and that 
 out of a poor pittance of about five marks per annum. 
 
 But the influence of superstition gradually improved the condition of these incumbents 
 again : chantries began to be founded and endowed with competent revenues ; the lands were 
 often within a convenient distance of the church, and furnished with decent houses ; Burnley 
 
 * It now appears to me more probable that this was the half carucate belonging to the chapel of St. Michael in 
 Castro. The measure is too large for twg oxgangs of rich land, and not too small for half a carucate of the same 
 quality. Still I hesitate. After all, is it probable that the Chapel of St. Magdalen would be unendowed with any 
 glebe ? And may not the basis of the estate of the Asshetons in Clitheroe, with the exception of the fourteen burgage 
 houses, have been the half carucate in question ? 
 
 t .\s per survey, anno Eliz. 36, though now encreased by the enclosure of the commons of Ightenhill, temp. Jac. 
 Imi. to 43 A. 2 R. 4 P. 
 
 u alone.
 
 146 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. III. 
 
 alone, though but a chapel, resembled a little college of priests, and had no less than four 
 altars well endowed. 
 
 This order of things, like all the former, had its day. But another revolution was now at 
 hand, which swept away, with undistinguishing rapacity, the rewards of piety and wages of 
 superstition. At the dissolution of chantries, 1 Edward VI. no distinction whatever was 
 made in tliese foundations between the incumbent and the chantry priest ; and though the 
 former was sometimes, not always, permitted to remain in possession of his own church *, he 
 was turned out once more upon the world, without manse or glebe, and compelled to subsist 
 upon a miserable and ill-paid stipend, allotted him by the Commissioners of pious uses; and in 
 this abject and impoverished state did these foundations continue till the gradual operation of 
 queen Anne's Bounty restored their ministers to much of the comforts of independence, though 
 seldom to a convenient and appropriate residence. 
 
 Of all the measures by w hich unprincipled men disgraced the reformation, none contributed 
 more, by the manner in which it was conducted, to injure that excellent cause, than the disso- 
 lution of chantries, a measure in which, after the rich harvest of Henry's plunder was exhausted, 
 it seemed to be the sole object of a profligate court to gather the miserable gleanings of sacri- 
 lege without regard to the service of God or to the cause of religion, in which, by diminishing 
 the numbers of the clergy, they destroyed much of that influence which near inspection and 
 personal intercourse with the people always produces, and by impoverishing the foundations 
 which remained, they effectually prevented the introduction of learned and able preachers. 
 For the effect was what might be expected — the inferior clergy of that and the succeeding 
 times have been too often contemptible for their poverty among the rich, their ignorance among 
 the refined, and their bad morals among the devout; so that, from the want of a well-informed, 
 respectable, and respected ministry, a country antecedently superstitious and stupid has never 
 been thoroughly evangelized to the present day. Religion, indeed, in the reign of Edward VI. 
 exhibits a spectacle at once pleasing and melancholy. The king, a boy, a scholar, and a saint; 
 the bishops learned, sincere, and zealous ; the courtiers selHsh and corrupt ; the inferior clergy, 
 with a few shining exceptions, illiterate and useless; and the common people, after being de- 
 prived of their old forms, standing at gaze with an excellent liturgy in their hands, which, 
 from the want of a preaching ministry in the country, they had neither been taught to esteem 
 nor to understand. 
 
 After this account of the Chapels within the parish on the old foundation, it may not be 
 improper to give a short view of those which have arisen since; both these, indeed, and the 
 former, will be treated more distinctly in their several places; but it may assist the recollection 
 to bring them under the eye at once. 
 
 In the general confirmation of archbishop Arundel, A. D. 1400, the Chapels of the old 
 foundation are recognized, and no more; so that it is certain that no new religious erections had 
 taken place during a period of 1 16 years. 
 
 * Some Chapels were demolished, as Chatburn j others dissolved and sold again to the inhabitants for divine 
 service, as Littleborough and Milnrow, (Towiiley MSS.) ; others again left standing, but \vithout endowment or 
 minister, as Holme j even the great parochial cures of Burnley, Colnc, &c. were stripped of everything, and their 
 incumbents paid by trifling pensions. 
 
 After
 
 Book II.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 147 
 
 After this, the next foundation was, 
 
 P.\DiHAM, for which the Hcence of Mortmain bears date 30th Henry VI. Then, 
 
 Whitewell, Holme, Marsden, — all erected, as appears from their architecture and some 
 other evidence, between the reign of Henry VI. and Henry VII. Then, 
 
 Newchurch, in Rossendale, 3d Henry VIII. which, by an instance of good fortune peculiar 
 to itself, was permitted, I suppose, in consideration of its poverty, to retain the original manse 
 and glebe. Then, 
 
 GooDSHAW, 32d Henry VIH. Then 
 
 Newchurch, in Pendle, S^th Henry VIII. These three last in consequence of the planting 
 of the forests. Afterwards, at an uncertain period, 
 
 Accrington, taken out of Alvetham ; concerning the foundation of which the episcopal 
 registry at Chester affords no information ; but it is mentioned in Harrison's Description of 
 Britain, p. 66, as extant in 1577. And, lastly, 
 
 Bacop, in Rossendale, consecrated A. D. 17S8. 
 
 But it is high time to resume the immediate subject of this chapter. 
 
 Three vicars of Whalley (John, who appears to have been the first; Rich, de Chadsden, 
 who, in 1310, resigned, at the request of Thomas earl of Lancaster*; and Richard de Swin- 
 fleet,) enjoyed this benefice under the endowment of Walter Langton. The last was succeeded 
 by one Wm. le Wolf de Kirklauton, a native probably of Church Lawton, in Cheshire, who 
 not only submitted to what he was unable to prevent, namely, the last wretched appropriation, 
 but was reduced, by a most arbitrary practice, exercised in other instances upon the poor 
 vicars, to bind himself by oath never to procure an augmentation. He was followed by John 
 de Topcliffe, brother of the abbot -|-, whose name perpetually appears with that of Gristhwaite, 
 vicar of Blackburn, in the charters of this period, as trustees, to take lands for the benefit of 
 the house, and after his death, which happened about 30th Edward HI. the abbot and con- 
 vent presented no more secular priests, but retained the benefice in their own hands till the 
 dissolution. No usurpation of the monks gave greater offence, or was more injurious to the in- 
 terests of religion than this, when, not content with the original appropriations, they had begun 
 in some instances to devour the endowed vicarages, by appointing only chaplains to serve them; 
 and in others, as in that before us, to nominate one of their own body, who, instead of keeping 
 hospitality upon his benefice, was merely a boarder in the convent. The real advantage which 
 they derived from these scandalous presentations was, that a regular, being under the obligation 
 of the vow of poverty, could not touch the fruits of his own benefice, which of course accrued 
 to the common stock of the house. This practice, after many remonstrances and complaints of 
 the commons in parliament, produced an excellent statute, 4 Henry IV. providing, inter ccetera, 
 " that from henceforth in every church appropried a ssecular person be ordained vicar, and 
 " that no religious be in any wise made vicar in any chi^rch so appropried, or to be appropried 
 " in time to come." But this was unfortunately a law without a sanction ; no penalty having 
 been annexed to the breach of it: the abuse, therefore, continued till the 10th of Henry VI. 
 " when a bill was brought into parliament requiring that in every church appropriated, or to 
 
 * A copy of the earl's letter to this effect remains in the Coucher Book. 
 
 t There was a third brother resident in Billington, which I suppose to have been the native place of the family. 
 
 " be
 
 »48 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. III. 
 
 " be appropriated, a secular person be ordained perpetual vicar, to do divine service and keep 
 "hospitality; and that if any religious, or men of holy church, which have or hold any 
 " churches in proper use, from henceforward sufier such vicarages to be inofficiate, without a 
 " vicar resident there for six months, that the same churches be disappropried and disamortized 
 " for ever, saving only to the said religious their patronage in the same." This was vigorous 
 and decisive ; but the poor king was instructed to reply, " Le Roy s'avisera," and this inve- 
 terate evil continued in unabated malignity till the dissolution, to which it had its full share in 
 contributing *. 
 
 The monks might have taken warning from the invective, shall I call it, or the prophecy of 
 Pairs Plowman, who, long before these statutes, boldly taxed them with want of charity and 
 hospitality upon their appropriated benefices, and warned them of the consequences in a strain 
 exceeding, as we should suppose, the powers of natural sagacity and foresight. 
 
 atttle })aD lorDe.s to noto to gcbe lonDeiS from ])tt ])t^xt^ 
 
 3L0 rctigiou^ tijat ti.itie no rutlje if it raint on \)n autrejS 
 
 g:n nianpe ptacciS tijer t\)e ^et^an^ (appropriators) bt ])tm^tll at ta^t 
 
 •©f pe pore fja^if tjjcp no pitpe ano tJjat i.^ tijec djarite. 
 
 3no t})cc ^ball romt a. fiing anO confe^^e pou religious 
 
 anb amcnoe moniat^, monfecjii anb cljanon^, 
 
 ano tl]en iSijad tijc abbot of afabingDon anb a( \)\^ i^^uc for ttier 
 
 S^abe a ftnocfie of a fipnge and incurable ti^e taounbe. 
 
 After the dissolution of the monastery, by deed of exchange between king Edward VI. 
 and archbishop Cranmer, dated June 12th, anno regni primo, the appropriate rectories of 
 Whalley, Blackburn, and Rochdale, with the advowson of their several vicarages, are granted 
 to the see of Canterbury, under the following very inaccurate description : " omnes illas rec- 
 " torias nostras et ecclesias de Whalley, Blackburn, et Rachdale, nuper monasterio sive ab- 
 " batise de Whalley nuper dissolutae dudum spectantibus, ac etiam omnes illas capellas nostras 
 " de Padiliam, Clyderhow, Coin, Brunley, Churche, Altham, Haslingden, Bowland, Pen- 
 " hull, Trawden-j-, et Rossendale, et capellam nostram de Clyderhowe, necnon omnes illas 
 " capellas nostras de Leeke (mis-written for Law), Samlesbury, Saddleworth, Butterworth, &c. 
 " et advocationem et jus patron, vicariarum eccl. p'dict. de Whalley, Blackburn, et Rachdale, 
 " dictae nuper mon. dudum spect. |" 
 
 In consequence of this acquisition, archbishop Cranmer appears to have collated soon after, 
 but certainly before the 7th of the same reign, Edward Pedley §, S.T. B. to the vicarage of 
 Whalley. He was the first protestant vicar, and was interred Dec. 5, 1558, with this eulogy 
 in the register, " egregius Concionator," a proof of care and fidelity on the part of this apos- 
 
 * See Bishop Kennet's Case of Impropriations passim. 
 
 t Qu. Was Trawden a mistake for Marsden ? 
 
 t Lambeth MSS. Misc. vol. XIII. No. 21. 
 
 § From the first half-year's account made by Braddyll, at Michaelmas 1537, it appears that Pedley was then vicar. 
 Qu. Whether he were a monk, or had been presented by Henry VIII. in the short interval between that time and the 
 attainder of the House ? 
 
 tolical
 
 Book II.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 149 
 
 tolical bishop, in providing a faithful preacher for so large a parish, not always imitated by his 
 successors *. He received ^.46 from the great tithes. 
 
 After this, I find, by a receipt of archbishop Whitgift's, A. D. I588, of which a copy is 
 inserted in the old book marked A. C. that the vicar received out of the great tithes the sum of 
 sB-SO per annum. 
 
 During the usurpation, and for some time afterwards, the stipend was ^.38, of which I 
 am unable to say why it varied from the original endowment of 66 marks -jf. 
 
 But upon the accession of archbishop Juxon, this benefice, and the parochial chapelries 
 dependent upon it, received a noble and most judicious augmentation by a grant of the whole 
 Easter roll and surplice fees, which he reserved out of the rectory and tithery of Whalley upon 
 the renewal of a lease, on condition that the several curates should receive the same within 
 their respective cures, and should pay to the vicar for the time being, in different proportions, 
 the sum of ^.42, which, with ^.38 heretofore paid, would augment the stated income of 
 the vicarage to ^.8o. 
 
 By this benefaction, however, in consequence of the depreciation of money, and the great 
 increase of population, the curates have greatly the advantage, as they now receive, in consi- 
 deration of certain fixed annual payments, making up, in the whole, the above sum of ^.42, 
 besides their own surplice fees, formerly paid to the farmers of the rectory, all the customary 
 payments due at Easter ; that is to say, for communicants, for house debts, for kine, for calves, 
 for hay, for plow, for lambs, for sheep sold, for swarms of bees, and for foals, throughout the 
 whole rectory of Whalley, the tithery of Bowland excepted;}:. 
 
 * Tliis is an early and happy exception to my former strictures ; but it is not long before we meet with this expres- 
 sion in a letter to a succeeding archbishop, " Whalley hath as ill a vicar as the rest." Gilpin's Life of Gilpin. 
 
 -j- Immediately after the Restoration the ten Curates subscribed 40s. each, and deputed Mr. Moore to wait on 
 Archbishop Juxon with a Petition for the Easter-roll, when a promise was obtained at the next renewal, which hap- 
 pened a little while before Juxon's death. Sir Ralph Assheton valued the Easter-roll at s€-\'20, but it was found to 
 fall considerably short of that sum. Afterwards, as the Trust was not very clearly expressed, Mr. Gey made an attempt 
 to appropriate the whole to himself: this occasioned an Exchequer suit, which ended in a decree to this effect : " That 
 " a Trust did exist, and that the vicar should assign over to such persons as the major part of the curates shoidd 
 " appoint." 
 
 J Trust Deed of 1688, pen. auct. — The most exact account of the Easter-roll is contained in an Inquisition of 
 Survey for the Rectory of Whalley, taken by Roger Nowell, of Read, Esq. and others. A, D. 1616, in which it is thus 
 stated : " Also for lambs and calves of all numbers under seven, for e\ery lamb an halfpenny, and for every calf an 
 " halfpenny, at Easter. If there be odds of calves oi- lambs under or above seven, there must be paid one halfpenny 
 " for each below seven and ten, and so from ten to seventeen. And for swarms and foals, one of ten or seven, ut supra. 
 " Also, where any person sells any sheep after Candlemas, and before the same be clipped, then the seller is to pay for 
 " each, an halfpenny, at Easter. Also, for every cow a penny at Easter. For himself or herself, and every other com- 
 " municant resident in his house, a penny at Easter. Also an ancient duty called house-duty and offering-days. If 
 " there be man and wife fourpence-halfpenny, except in some places of the chapelries of Burnley and Cokie, where 
 " they pay threepence-halfpenny. And in both cases, where there be more married persons in the house than the 
 " housekeeper and his wife, for eveiy such, over the said fourpence-halfpenny, threepence-halfpenny. Also for every 
 " foal a penny, every swarm a penny, under ten or se^en ut supra ; but where ten or seven they pay ut supra. For 
 " every plow or draft a penny, and every half plow or draft an lialfpenny. For e^ery garden within the chace of 
 " Trawden a penny." What follows, as it has become quite obsolete, is very curious : " Also the parishioners, except 
 " in the chace above-mentioned, are accustomed to pay an ancient duty called ' Holy loaf money.' Thus every year 
 
 " fifty-
 
 150 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book II.— Chap. III. 
 
 On a subsequent renewal, archbishop Sancroft, also in the year 1685, gave a great fine, 
 received by him from the lessees of Whalley, Blackburn, and Rachdale, in Lancashire, to 
 purchase lands, and settle annual pensions, for the stipends of the curates of the chapels of 
 ease before unprovided for *. 
 
 Lastly, the rectory of Whalley itself, after having been held under renewed leases from the 
 time of Edward VL by the Asshetons, and, after the marriage of the co-heiresses of the last 
 Sir Ralph Assheton, by the families of Curzon and Lister, was, in the year I799, alienated in 
 perpetuity to the lessees under the sanction of an act of parliament by the present archbishop of 
 Canterbury ; and thus, after having hitherto preserved at least a shadow of its original destina- 
 tion to ecclesiastical uses, the whole is finally desecrated and become a lay-fee. 
 
 
 
 Vicarii de Whalley. 
 
 Patroni. 
 
 Vacat. 
 
 Temp, 
 qui bus 
 
 ^"jl303 
 
 OCC. J 
 
 Johannes, vie. de Whalley 
 
 f Abb. et conv 
 1 Whalley 
 
 ^ > Incert. 
 
 
 1310 
 
 Ric, de Chadsden -|- 
 
 f Ep. Langton, 
 I devoluto 
 
 > Incert. 
 
 
 1317 
 
 Ric. de Swinflet + 
 
 I idem 
 
 Per resig. Chadsden. 
 
 
 133« 
 
 Wm. leWolf de Kirklauton 
 
 I idem 
 
 Incert. 
 
 
 1357 
 
 Johannes Topclift'e^ 
 
 lidem 
 
 Incert. 
 
 
 
 Fr. Wil. Selby, postea abbas 
 
 lidem 
 
 Incert. 
 
 
 
 Fr. Rob. Normanvile, prior || 
 
 lidem 
 
 Per resign. 
 
 
 
 Fr. Johannes Tollerton ^ 
 
 lidem 
 
 Incert. 
 
 
 1400 
 
 Fr. Johannes Salley **, prior 
 
 lidem 
 
 Incert. 
 
 
 
 Fr. Rad.Cliderhow -f-^-, postea 
 
 > lidem 
 
 Incert. 
 
 
 
 abbas 
 
 
 
 1480 
 
 Fr.Wil.Dinkley++, S.T.B. 
 
 lidem 
 
 Per res. ut videtur. 
 
 
 1510 
 
 Fr. Johannes Seller §§ 
 
 lidem 
 
 Incert. 
 
 Circ. 
 
 1548 
 
 EdwardusPedleyllll, S.T.B, 
 
 
 Incert. 
 
 " fifty-two houses in every ancient chapelry in the said parish do pay a penny-halfpenny a piece; and next year fifty-two 
 " other houses do the like: and the next year after, fifty-two other houses; and so from fifty-two to fifty-two, till all 
 " the chapelry be gone over, then beginning again with the first, and so for ever." 
 
 * Bishop Rennet's Case of Impropriations, p. 308. Ex Reg. Lichf. 
 t Inst. Vic. Wli. ap. Lend. Non. Mali 1309. Ibid. 
 
 X Non. Jun. 1311. Licentia concessa R. de Swinflet adeundi Romam in negotio vicariae de Whalley. Ibid. 
 % Joh. de Topcliffe inst. Vic. Whall. Non. Oct. 1330. Ibid. 
 
 II iiii Id. Julii 13*9, Rob. de Normanton, Pr. et Mon. de Whalley, inst. ad Vic. de Whalley vac. per res. Ibid. 
 — This nearly fixes the period of Selby 's election to the abbacy. 
 % Fr. Joh. de Tollyton inst. Vic. Whall. 7 Id. Jun. 1381. Ibid. 
 ** Joh. Salley Mon. Whall. inst. Vic. Whall. Nov. 7, 141 1, post res. Tollerton. Ibid, 
 •tt Apud Haywood penult. Oct. 1426, Rad. de Cherehow (sic) inst. ad Vic. de Whalley. Ibid. 
 X X Sept. 1 1th, 1453, Wm. Dinkley inst. p. res. R de Clid.— This fixes the date of R. de Cliderhow's election. Ibid. 
 §§ Nov. '24, 1488, Joh, Seller Mon. inst. Vic. Whalley post niort. Wni. Dinkley. Ibid. 
 III! He was vicar within six months of the Dissolution. Qu. By whom presented ? and whether a monk > 
 
 Circ.
 
 1( 
 
 Per mort. 
 
 Per mort. 
 
 Incert. 
 
 Incert. 
 
 Per resign 
 
 Per mort. 
 
 Per mort. 
 
 Per mort. 
 
 Per resign 
 
 Per mort. 
 
 Book II.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 151 
 
 Vicarii de Whalley. Patroni. Vacat. 
 
 {Georgius Dobson, dec. rur. de^v 
 Blackburn; sep. Maii 23, > Arch. Cant. 
 15H3- -^ 
 
 1583 Robertus Olbaldeston Arch. Cant. 
 
 rPetrus Ormerod; sep. Feb. j ^^^j^ ^.^^^ 
 
 I 11, 1631. J 
 
 1635 Wil. Burn Arch. Cant. 
 
 1651 Wil. Walker. 
 1656 Wil. Moore*. 
 1663 Steph. Gey; sep. Oct. 12,1693. Arch. Cant. 
 
 1692 ( «--White, A.M.;sep.Nov.l9, 1 ^rch. Cant. 
 (. 1703. J 
 
 1703 {■'""; ^s'"''"""' ''^'' ■'"'^'^'JArch. Cant. 
 
 1738 Wil. Johnson, A.M. Arch. Cant. 
 
 rTho. Baldwin, LL.B. died at -j 
 
 1772 < I 1 J I ,, , o,>„ > Arch. Cant. 
 
 '' (^ Leylandj Jan. 11,1809. J 
 
 1 S09 T. D. Whitaker, LL. D. Arch. Cant. 
 
 Of my Predecessors, from the Reformation to the present day, the following are the only 
 notices which I have been able to collect. 
 
 Pedley received at his death an eulogium which has certainly not been applicable to some 
 of his predecessors, egregius Predicator. 
 
 Dobson» whom Bishop Pilkington characterized as being an " ill Vicar," appears to have 
 been eminently illiterate. 
 
 Of Osbaldeston, I know not how nearly or how remotely he was allied to the ancient house 
 of that name, nor what became of him. He was not interred at Whalley. 
 
 I strongly suspect Ormerod to have been a son of the parent house of Ormerod in Cliviger. 
 He constantly resided, and appears to have done his own duty. Every entry in the Register 
 from 1605 to 1631 is in his own hand; and it is remarkable that a baptism and burial are 
 entered by him on the fifth day before his own interment. 
 
 Of his successor. Burn, nothing is known. 
 
 Walker was never properly vicar, having probably been intruded by the governing powers 
 during the Usurpation. 
 
 Moore was a judicious and able divine, whose ministry must have been a blessing to the 
 parish. By the kindness of the late Mr. Brand, Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries, I am 
 possessed of a very scarce little volume written by him, and dedicated to Sir Raphe Assheton, 
 entitled " The grand Enquiry, who is the righteous man ? or the Character of a true Believer 
 in his Approaches towards Heaven, by William Moore, Rector at Whalley, in Lancashire. 
 
 * From tlie parish-accounts, it appears that he resigned his vicarage A. D. 1663. He removed to RothweU, in 
 Yorkshire, where he died A.D. 1664 ; and being styled, in his epitaph, Minister of tliat parish, I suspect that he only 
 resigned Whalley for a better beneficej though I once supposed him to have gone out upon the Bai'tholomew Act. 
 
 London,
 
 152 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II— Chap. III. 
 
 London, 1657." The orthodoxy, piety, and good sense of thisHttle work, lead nie to suspect 
 that Whalley had the best minister under the worst government. 
 
 Stephen Gey was incumbent and resident upon this benefice thirty years : he appears to 
 have been a discreet and prudent man. 
 
 Richard White, A. M. of Emanuel College, Cambridge, for now we arrive on the confines 
 of recollection, was vicar ten years. I find in the parish accounts that on coming to take pos- 
 session of the benefice he was met with great ceremony by the principal inhabitants, and that 
 the penthouse window behind the pulpit was made for his accommodation. 
 
 He was succeeded by James Matthews, whom I may be allowed to call, as Bishop Godwin 
 called his own predecessor Kitchin, the great dilapidator of the see of LandafF, Jvndi nostri cala- 
 mitatem. He was a needy man, of whom I have but too convincing proofs that he took money 
 for presentations to the curacies, and that he set the lowest offices, such as those of parish clerk 
 and sexton, to sale. By his means too, and not without a valuable consideration, the patronage 
 of six, if not seven, of the curacies was alienated from the vicarage under the 1st George I. His 
 example, however, appears to have operated as a warning "to the dignified patrons of the living 
 of Whalley, never more to intrust so poor a benefice with so rich a patronage annexed to it, 
 in the hands of any but a man of property. 
 
 On the decease of Matthews, Archbishop Potter presented William Johnson, A. M. of 
 Magdalen College, Cambridge, a native of Wakefield, and related to himself. He was of the 
 Johnsons of Rushton Grange, in Bowland. 
 
 Alexander Johnson, of Rushton: 
 Grange, aged 10 years A. D. 
 1665. 
 
 :Mary, daughter of James Bellingham, 
 of Levens, in the county of West- 
 moreland, Esq. 
 
 Alan Johnson, of Rushton:f:Elizabeth, daughter of William Lawson, 
 Grange and Wakefield. of Wakefield, Merchant. 
 
 I I I 1 
 
 William Johnson, ,A. M.=pElizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Alan, an Attorney at Mary. Elizabeth. 
 Vicar of Whalley. Richard Tatlock, of Prescot, Esq. Law, in Wakefield. 
 
 A son, died unmaiTied. 
 
 On his accession to the benefice he found the ancient vicarage house, by the supineness of 
 his predecessor, ready to fall to the ground ; he therefore applied to his patron Archbishop 
 Potter, who generousl}' bestowed a quantity of excellent oak from the rectorial glebe sufficient 
 to rebuild it. With this material help he began the work, and has left it on record that he 
 expended three years income of his benefice on the structure, which is so durably and excel- 
 lently finished, that more than thirty years of utter neglect, which would have reduced a flimsy 
 fabric of the present day to rubbish, had little perceptible effect upon it. Mr. Johnson was 
 a man of strong understanding, a keen and caustic wit, and an unconquerable spirit, which 
 last quality he displayed in many disputes with his parishioners, who were always worsted, but 
 above all in a contest with Archbishop Seeker and his Diocesan Bishop Kccne for the patronage 
 of the valuable curacy of Newchurch in Rossendale. 
 
 On this occasion that great and excellent metropolitan was so ill advised as to lay claim to 
 the presentation of all the unalienated curacies in the parish as appropriator. In order to 
 establish his claim, a search was instituted at his request by Bishop Keeue in the Registry at 
 
 Chester,
 
 BookII.— CHAf. III.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 153 
 
 Cliester, which, instead of producing any precedents of nominations by the appropriator, led 
 to the discovery of an unattested copy of a decree of the Commissioners of Pious Uses in the 
 reign of Edward VI. vesting the patronage of the Chapel of Rossendale in the Bishop of the 
 Diocese. 
 
 This brought forward a second competitor in the Diocesan himself; but, to the infinite ad- 
 vantage of his successors, Johnson maintamed so firm and even menacing an attitude, that, after 
 three years of legal skirmishing, during which the question was never brought to an issue, both 
 the prelates fairly gave up the point, and Bisliop K.eene was contented to licence his antagonist's 
 presentee. 
 
 This question should never have been moved at all, but this event has set it at rest for ever. 
 
 Mr. Johnson resigned the living of Whalley, May 1, l'i]6, and survived to the year I792. 
 He was interred in the church of Prescot, where he had spent the last years of his life. He 
 left a multitude of papers relating to his transactions as Vicar of Whalley, which having been 
 carefully arranged and bound up by the present Incumbent, form a folio volume. Among these 
 are many original Letters from Archbishop Seeker, Bishop Keene, &c. a few of which, relating 
 to his spirited contest for the rights of patronage belonging to his church, are here subjoined. 
 
 " To the Bishop of Chester. 
 " My Lord, Oct. 20, 1762. 
 
 " I was this morning surprized with an account of Mr. S. being refused a licence to 
 the Curacy of Rossendale upon my nomination ; for what reason I cannot conceive, since 
 I apprehend there can be no doubt of my right. It is very extraordinary that there 
 should be no claims of this kind before my time, and so many since. I cannot recollect that 
 anything has been done since I became, vicar to prejudice the rights and privileges of the Rec- 
 tory * of Whalley, but much in supjjort of them ; so that, if ever the right of nomination to 
 Rossendale Chapel belonged to the V'icars of Whalley, it still remains so, and whoever the 
 person is that pretends to a right of nomination, may with equal justice dispute his Grace of 
 Canterbury's right of presentation to the Vicarage of Whalley, and is as well entitled to the 
 one as the other. Not to trouble your Lordship any longer on this subject, I should be glad 
 your Lordship would do me the honour to enquire into the reasons why my clerk has been 
 rejected, and why my antagonist is concealed from me, seeing I cannot well proceed before I 
 know my adversary, and am desirous of putting an end to this dispute with all expedition, as 
 it is a populous chapelry, and the parishioners may suffer inconveniences for want of a 
 minister, &c. W. J." 
 
 " Sir, 
 " I have received your letter, expressing your surprize that your nomination to Rossendale 
 Chapel is not accepted, because there can be no doubt of your right. In your mind there is 
 none; but in others there is, or you would not have met with obstruction. You say the 
 person who litigates this point with you might as well litigate the Archbishop's right to the 
 Presentation of the Vicarage of Whalle3' ; but that is not likely to be ; for it is the Archbishop 
 
 *' A slip of the pen for Vicarage. 
 
 X himself.
 
 151 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. III. 
 
 himself, who, on having been applied to by various persons for the Curacy, has looked into his 
 papers, and thinks he has a right, and means to prostcute it; and why they, who refused 
 Mr. S. his licence, should have concealed it, I cannot tell, for it was not intended to be a secret 
 by any one. I must acquaint you farther, that since the Archlnshop has entered his caveat, 
 I have reason to think that I have some right to this Chapel ; and if the arguments should prove 
 as solid as they appear specious, I shall prosecute my right against his Grace and you too. 
 
 " Notwithstanding what I have said, unless I am well satisfied in my own mind that my 
 claim is well grounded, I will not create you vexation and expence ; and I am sure 1 can ven- 
 ture to affirm the same of my friend the Archbishop, &c. E. C." 
 
 " May it please your Grace. 
 
 " I am concerned to hear, by a letter from my good Lord of Chester, that your Grace is the 
 person who has entered a caveat against my nomination to Rossendale Chapel — an adversary I 
 did not suspect : and moreover, should I get clear of your Grace, his Lordship is so generous 
 as to declare that I am in some danger from him. It would have pleased me better to have 
 had less powerful opponents; but, since it happens so, neither your Grace nor his Lordship 
 will, I hope, be ofiended at my doing my utmost in defence of what I think my right; and if 
 your Grace would honour me with yoiu- reasons for opposing me, it would add to the favours 
 received by W. J." 
 
 Sir, Lambeth, Nov. 11, lj62. 
 
 " My reason for desiring that the Bishop of Chester would not immediately licence any 
 person to serve the Cure of Rossendale, was, that applications were made to me as Patron of it, 
 the Impropriator being thought to be such of common right, and the nomination to the Chapels 
 being expressly reserved to the Archbishop, in the lease of the Rectory. 
 
 " I have not, hitherto, been able to inform myself sufficiently concerning the strength of this 
 argument: but I am very willing to hear any thing which you have to alledge on the other 
 side, and hope a cgntest by law may thus be prevented: but, if it cannot, your endeavours to 
 defend your claim will give no ofTence to, &c. T. Cant." 
 
 " May it please your (Jrace. 
 
 " It appears that the Vicar of Whalley for the time being has always nominated to the 
 chapels within the Rectory of Whalley; nor have any of your Grace's predecessors, of whom I 
 have seen several (and most of the Chapels have been vacant in my time), ever made any claim. 
 
 "The nomination to the Chapels being expressly reserved to the Archbishop, in the 
 lease of the Rectory, can only be intended as a bar to the Lessee, who, without such an 
 exception, might possibly be entitled to the patronage both of the Vicarage and Chapels ; but, by 
 such a reservation, the Archbishop's right is secured, which right, by his Grace's presentation, 
 devolves upon the Vicar, he being instituted and inducted to all and singular the rights, pri- 
 vileges, &c. thereunto belonging. This I apprehend to be the situation of all livings impro- 
 priate. I know no instance of an incumbent not nominating to the Chapels under him, except 
 where his right has been legally alienated. I would not presume to make the least encroach- 
 ment on your Grace's rights ; and it gives me great uneasiness that there should be any doubt, 
 at this day, to whom the nomination belongs, &c. W. J." 
 
 "To
 
 Book II.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEYi 155 
 
 " To the Bishop of Chester. 
 " My Lord, 
 
 " As, probably, there may never again be a Vicar of Whalley in circumstances to assert his 
 rights, I would willingly fix them on such a footing as to put them out of the power of dispute. 
 
 If your Lordship's pretensions have no other foundation than the Decree supposed to be 
 passed in the Duchy Court, I am persuaded that the rights and privileges of the Rectory of 
 Whalley are in no danger, as that decree contains nothing that can affect them ; and for this 
 plain reason, because neither Patron nor Incumbent are parties ; and therefore notiiing foisted 
 into the Decree, by artifice or iniquity, can operate so as to vest a right in your Lordship 
 against the Vicar." 
 
 In these Letters there was more of law and reason than either the Patron or Diocesan 
 knew how to answer; and, accordingly, the first was silent ; and the second, after some skir- 
 mishing, fairly gave up the cause, in the following elegant Letter : — 
 
 " Rev. Sir, 
 
 " The contest between you and me, concerning the patronage of the Church in Rossendale, 
 took its rise accidentally, from some p.ipers being found while my officers were searching into 
 the claim of the Archbishop. 
 
 " When the different foundations of my right were drawn together, they did appear to 
 me, and others whom I consulted, to be of validity enough to form a pretension to the nomi- 
 nation of that Chapel, and I then acquainted you with such my intention. 
 
 " After I despaired of finding the original Decree, I stated my case, and laid my materials 
 before Mr. Wilbraham, with a resolution either of proceeding at Law, or desisting from my 
 claim, as his opinion should direct me ; and as it is his opinion that the materials I produced 
 would not support a trial at Bar, I did immediately determine to give up my pretensions. 
 
 " I should at that time have written to you, and declared my readiness to licence your 
 Clerk, if I had not thought it incumbent upon me to enquire whether the Archbishop had still 
 any objections to your nomination. His Grace did not, with his usual exactness, answer my 
 letter. On my return to town, last week, I waited upon him ; and he then apologized for not 
 writing, from his having been making some farther researches into this affair, and desired I 
 would s;ive him a little more time. 
 
 " On these facts, which I affirm to be true, I think I can vindicate myself from the charge 
 of unnecessary delay. 
 
 " Whatever others may think or say on this subject, I please myself with reflecting, 
 that I neither wantonly formed my pretensions, nor prosecuted them peevishl}'. I can easily 
 conceive that a clamour may have been made, not only among the Laity, but some of the Clergy 
 too, against a Bishop endeavouring, as it may be called, to deprive one of his Clergy of his 
 right; but, as I have suffered, in different parts of my life, from my conduct having been mis- 
 represented or misapprehended, I have long learnt to be content with the approbation of my 
 own mind, not indifferent, yet not over-solicitous, about the precarious judgment of other men. 
 
 Ed. Chester." 
 
 The
 
 156 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. HI. 
 
 The next Incumbency affords no materials for narrative or remark. 
 
 May the present Incumbent be permitted, for the sake of truth and accuracy, on a subject 
 however unimportant, to subjoin the following facts and dates. 
 
 Thomas Dunham Whitaker, the author of this work, was born June 8th, 1759, in the 
 parsonage-house of Rainham, Norfolk, which is the subject of a singular story, recorded by 
 Sir Henry Spelman. — In the reign of Charles I. Sir Roger Townshend, purposing to rebuild 
 his house at Rainham, conveyed a large quantity of stones for the purpose, from the ruins of 
 Coxford Abbey, in the neighbourhood. These stones, as often as any attempt was made to 
 build them up in this unhallowed edifice, obstinately gave way. The owner next tried them 
 in the construction of a bridge ; the arch of which, in like manner, suddenly shrunk. He 
 then piously determined to apply them to the rebuilding of the parsonage-house, where they 
 quietly remained till about the year 1764, when they were once more removed by the late 
 Viscount, afterwards Marquis Townshend, to another place, and the site of the original manse, 
 of which the foundations are still visible North West from the church, was taken into the 
 park. The strange wanderings of this Casa Santa are now, probably, at an end. The writer's 
 father was, in 1759, curate of that parish ; but his older brother dying unmarried, in the be- 
 ginning of the following year, he came, Oct. 3, 176O, to reside at his paternal house at Holme, 
 which had never been out of the occupation of the family, from the reign of Henry VI. 
 
 In November, 176(3, the writer of this was placed under the care of the Rev. John Shaw', 
 of Rochdale, an excellent grammarian and teacher. In 1771 he became sickly, and apparently 
 declined, so as to be incapable of any attention to books till the year 1774, when he was placed 
 in the family of the Rev. Wm. Sheepshanks, at Grassington, in Craven, an airy and healthful 
 situation. 
 
 In November of that year he was admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, where he 
 went to reside Oct. 3, 1775. In November, 1780, he took the degree of LL.B. intending to 
 pursue the profession of the Civil Law, which he studied, for two years, with great attention. 
 But in June, 1782, his father having died, after a week's illness, he settled upon his paternal 
 estate, which for thirty years he has continued to improve and adorn, by successive plantations. 
 
 In August, 1785, he was ordained Deacon at Rosecastle by Dr. John Law, Bishop of 
 Clonfert ; and in July, the following year, received the order of priesthood from the same 
 prelate, both without title. 
 
 In 1788, having previously recovered, bj' a donation of ^.400, the patronage of the Chapel 
 of Holme, which had been founded by one of his ancestors, with the aid of some liberal 
 subscriptions, but at an expence of ^.470 to himself, he re-built it, the old edifice being mean 
 and dilapidated. 
 
 In 1797» he was licensed to the perpetual curacy of Holme, on his own nomination. 
 
 In July, 1799» lie qualified as a Magistrate for the county of Lancaster; and, in the next 
 year but one, for the West Riding of the county of York. 
 
 At the Cambridge Commencement, 1801, he completed the degree of LL.D. 
 
 In the month of January, 1809, he was presented, by the present Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 to the Vicarage of Whalley, the great object of his wishes. 
 
 P^or this favour, besides his Grace's own generous disposition to reward a stranger who had 
 
 written
 
 Book II.~Chap. Ill] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. jS7 
 
 written the History of the Parish, he was also indebted to the recommendation of that learned 
 and excellent prelate, Dr. Cleaver, formerly his diocesan, and then Bishoj) of Bangor, whose 
 many instances of friendly attention he remembers with gratitude, and whose recent death he 
 deeply deplores. 
 
 I must now turn back to a temporary and curious state of ecclesiastical affairs within 
 this and the neighbouring parishes, which was happily terminated in the restoration of the 
 old Episcopal Government, in the year l66o. Few ecclesiastical documents of this period 
 remain. 
 
 In the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth is a MS. marked 912, which throws considerable 
 light on the state of our church-establishment in this parish during the usurpation of the last 
 century. — It is an inquisition taken at Blackburn, June 25th, 1650, before Richard Shuttle- 
 worth, esq. and others, by commission under the commonwealth seal for enquiring and certify- 
 ing the number and value of all parochial vocations, &c, within the parishes of Whalley, Black- 
 burn, and Rochdale. — After the restoration, this document was found among the records of 
 the House of Commons; and, by an order of that House, delivered into the hands of Arch- 
 bishop Juxon, the proper depositary. 
 
 By this inquisition, it is found, 1st, that the parish of Whalley consists of 35 townships; 
 that Mr. Wm. Walker, an able and orthodox divine, is now minister, and receives from 
 Mr. Thomas Assheton, farmer of the rectory, a stipend of .^^.38. 
 
 2d. That the chapelry of Padiham is parochial, consisting of the townships of Padiham, 
 Hapton, Simonstone, and Higham Booth, containing 232 families and II06 souls: — The 
 minister, John Breares, A. M. who receives a stipend of ^.6. 19s. 2d. from the receiver 
 of the count}^, and ^-33 from the county commissioners ; and that the inhabitants desire to 
 be made a parish. 
 
 2d. That the chapelry of Coin consists of that township, Foulrig, Marsden, and Trawden, 
 containing, in the whole, 400 families: — That the minister, John Horrocks, A.M. an able 
 divine, receives ^.11. 10*. from the farmer of the rectory, by order of the county commis- 
 sioners ; and that the inhabitants desire to be made a parish. 
 
 3d. That the chapelry of Clitheroe consists of that township, Chatburn, Worston, Mereley, 
 and Heyhouses ; in all, about 400 families: — That the minister, Mr. Robert Marsden, an 
 able divine, receives ^.11 10*. out of the dutchy rents, and ^.25 from the commissioners of 
 the county ; and that the inhabitants desire to be made a parish. 
 
 4th. That the chapelry of Downham, containing in that township 300 families, and in 
 Twiston 40, is parochial: — That the minister, George Whitaker, A.M. receives ^.10 from 
 the farmer of the rectory, and ,^.30 from the county commissioners; and that the inhabitants 
 desire to be a parish. 
 
 5th. That Accrington is not parochial ; that it consists of the township of Accrington 
 vetus et nova, &c. containing 200 families: — The minister, Mr. Roger Keny on, an able and 
 orthodox divine ; and that the inhabitants desire to be made a parish. 
 
 6th. That Altham is parochial, consisting of Altham and part of Clayton, which contain 
 IjO families: — Minister, Mr. Thomas Jolly, an able divine, who receives <^. 10 from the 
 rectory, and ^.30 from the commissioners: the inhabitants desire to be made a parish. That, 
 
 7 th.
 
 158 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IF.— Chap. III. 
 
 7th. Brerecleve and Extwistle, being distant from Whalley fi\-e miles, and from any other 
 chapel almost six *, and consisting of 100 families, desire to erect a chapel for themselves. 
 
 8th. That the inhabitants of Newlaund, lleedley Hallows, Filly Close, and Ightenhill 
 Park, distant one and a half mile from Burnley, desire to be united to that church, and to be 
 made a parish. 
 
 gth. That the chapelrv of Burnley consists of that township, Haberghameaves, and Worst- 
 horn, and contains upwards of 300 families: — The minister, Mr. Henry Morris, an able and 
 orthodox divine, receives from the dutchy ^.11. 10*. from the inhabitants £.A- 8*. -zd. and 
 from the commissioners ^.24- 1*'- \^d. 
 
 10th. That the chapel of Holme has no minister or maintenance, but that the inhabitants 
 desire that it may be made a parish church, and that the parish consist of Cliviger, Worsthorn, 
 and Hurstwood; in all, 100 families. 
 
 11th. That the chapelry of Church consists of Church, Oswaldtwisle, Huncote, and part 
 of Clayton, containing 200 families; and that the minister, James Rigby, A.M. receives 
 =^.10 from the rectory, and ^.30 from the county commissioners. The inhabitants desire to 
 be made a parish. 
 
 12th. That Heuthorn, Coldcoats, and Wiswall, desire to be continued to the parish 
 church. 
 
 13th. That the chapelry of Haslingden consists of that township and part of Rossendale; 
 viz. Newhallhey, part of Ravvtonstall Booth, Oakenhead Booth, Constable Lee Booth, and 
 part of Crawshaw Booth; in all, 300 families: — Minister, Mr. Robert Gilbert, suspended by 
 the divines-}-. Tiie inhabitants desire to be made a parish. Number of families, 300. 
 
 13th. That Newchurch, in Pendle, is parochial, the chapelry consisting of most part of 
 Pendle Forest, and containing 150 families: — That the minister, Mr. Edward Lapage, an 
 able divine, receives ^.39 from the commissioners of the county: — That Weetlee and 
 Roughlee desire to be annexed and made a parish. 
 
 14th. That Goodshaw, not parochial, has a chapelrv consisting of 70 families; but no 
 minister or maintenance, saving a messuage and backside, value lOof. ; but that the inhabitants 
 desire to be made a parish. 
 
 15th. That Whytewell, not parochial, has a chapelry of II6 families, but no minister or 
 maintenance. The inhabitants desire to be made a parish. 
 
 16th. That Newchurch, in Rossendale, is parochial, and consists of Dedwen Clough, 
 Tunsted, Wolfenden Booth, and part of Wolfenden and Bakcop ; in all, 300 families: — 
 Minister, Mr. Robert Dewhurst, an able divine, who receives no allowance but what the inha- 
 bitants give, who desire to be made a parish |. 
 
 Thus we see, that out of one overgrown parish it was proposed, to the Commissioners, to 
 carve no less than 17 ; a change of little importance in itself, and probably intended to answer 
 
 * These distances are not accurate, but the request was reasonable. Indeed, a place of worship is exceedingly 
 wanted in this remote and uncivilized tract. 
 
 t That is, J suppose, by the Classis. We are not informed what was the offence. 
 
 \ What was now become of the valuable estate belonging to this Church, which escaped the Commissioners of pioHf 
 uses, under Edward VI. and still belongs to it ? 
 
 no
 
 Book II.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 159 
 
 no other purpose than that of placing the Clergy on a footing of entire equality, better suited to 
 the genius of a repubhc than subordination. Let not these men, however, be defrauded of the 
 praise which they really deserve; for, if they made their ministers equal, they paid them 
 almost equally well ; and, if none of their preferments were adequate to the rewards of 
 superior merit, all afforded enough to raise them above sordid poverty, and to secure them from 
 utter contempt. 
 
 And, for the incumbents themselves, though bigoted beyond measure to a government in 
 which every one was flattered by bearing a part, though narrow in their tempers and detestable 
 in their politics, yet, by zeal and diligence in their ministry, by sobriety, and even severity in 
 their conversation, they had acquired an influence over the minds of their hearers, which too 
 many, who followed them, under a better establishment, have forfeited and lost. — Hence the 
 formidable separation which took place on the subsequent exclusion of these men from their 
 pulpits ; and hence, in part, the origin of modern sects, almost without number and without 
 name, which threaten, but too obviously, the downfall of our civil and ecclesiastical establish- 
 ments. Dislike, indeed, will always be conceived, with or without cause, against every thing 
 which bears the stamp of legal authority ; but this is a reason for more, and not less circum- 
 spection in the clergy: — "Offences will come; but woe unto that man," and above all, to 
 that minister, " by whom the offence cometh." — Under the present state of ecclesiastical dis- 
 cipline, too little can be done by the most conscientious diocesan. — Of fornication, adultery, 
 incest, though notorious enough to scandalize a whole neighbourhood, it is not easy to 
 procure legal evidence. But a process like the Fama clamosa in the Church of Scotland, (which 
 condemns, with great reason, him who, above all others, ought to abstain from the " appear- 
 " ance of evil," and will not,) would remove the bold offender, who now defies authority, and 
 disgraces his functions with impunity. — Let not this short digression be thought unseasonable: 
 it is, unhappily, very far from being unconnected with the present subject. 
 
 Yet, the ample testimonies here given to the ahU'ittj of these men, are to be received with 
 some degree of caution. Several of them, however, were graduates ; and Jolly, who distin- 
 guished himself long afterwards, in a scene which will be noticed below, though credulous, 
 and perhaps enthusiastic, was not devoid of literature. How they became possessed of their 
 benefices, and with what circumstances of justice or cruelty their predecessors were excluded, 
 we are no-where told*. The presbyteriau discipline was set up in this county as early as 
 1645 or 1646, and is known to have continued till the year I65O, in which this inquisition 
 was taken -|~. The whole county was divided into nine classes ; but in which of these the parish 
 of Whalley was included, I have not been able to learn, as none of their proceedings are extant 
 but those of the second class, consisting of Bury, Bolton, Middleton, Rochdale, Radcliffe, and 
 Dean; and these exhibit a medley of carelessness, injustice, and disorder, which prove that men 
 not altogether unqualified to teach, may yet be very unfit to govern ;{:. 
 
 * " Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy," p. i. p. 40. — One of their proceedings was, to deny baptism to base chil- 
 dren : another was, to thrust unoidained persons (unordained even by their own forms) into churches and chapeb, 
 from whence, after proof of ignorance or misconduct, they removed them with equal facility, annulling all the baptismi 
 they had administered. 
 
 t It seems then to have been superseded by the Independent or Congregational plan. 
 
 I Since this was printed off, I have been favoured, by the late L. P. Starkic, esq. of Huntroyd, with an original MS. 
 formerly belonging to Mr. Alexander Norris, of Hall in the Wood, near Bolton, entitled " Ministers Orders." From thi.» 
 
 book
 
 Ito HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. III. 
 
 At the close of the last century, Whalley became the scene of a long and desperate conflict, 
 which was carried on by prayers, arguments, and mutual defiances, between nine Puritan 
 
 book it appears, that every Hundred in the county had its Chissis, under the Presbyterian Government. It is dated 
 1649. I transcribe the following particulars relating to the Hundred of Blackburne : — 
 Mr. John Bell, Minister at Acerington Chappel. 
 
 By an Order of this Comni. 5th Dec. 164.5, there is 40/. p. an. allowed to an able Divine at Acerington Chap. 
 Mr. Bell is approved by the Classis att Whalley, 9th Nov. 1647. 
 Mr. John Bryars, Min>" at Padiani. 
 
 By an Order of the Com. of this County, 13 Jul. 1643, there is 33/. IDs. per an. allowed to Mr. John Bryars, 
 Min' of Padiliara, and 25/. 2s. 6d. due in arrears att .Midsomer before. 
 Mr. Bryars is nominated in the Ordinance for the Classis. 
 Mr. Henry Mon'es, Min'' at Burneley. 
 
 By an Order from the Com. of this County, Jul. 13, 164S, there is 24/. Gs. per an. allowed to Mr. Hen. Morres, 
 and 18/. 4s. due in arrears at Midsomer before. 
 
 Mr. MoiTes is nominated in the Ordinance for the Classis. 
 Mr. Rich. Redman, INIin' of Lowclimch, in Walton. 
 
 By Order of the Committee, there is 40/. per an. allowed to Mr. Redman, Min' of Low Ch. 
 
 Mr. Redman is nominated in the printed Ordinance for the Classis. Hee is pd till the 14 Aug. 1647. 
 Mr. Rob. Marsden, Min' att Clylherow. 
 
 Itt appeares, by the certificate of John Howorthe, that ther is payd from Mr. Ashton, of Whaley, to the Min' 
 of Clilherow, 1 1 /. lOs. and from the King 3/. 10s. And by Order of the Com. of this County, of the 20th Nov. 
 1645, there is allowed to Mr. Rob. Marsden 25/. augmentation, to make upp the rest 40/. per an. 
 Mr. Marsden is approved, by the Com. of Divines at Preston, Aug. 12, 1645. 
 Mr. James Shaw, Min' at Balderston Chappel. 
 
 By Order of the Com. of this County, 25tli Sept. 1646, ther is 401. per ann. allowed for aMin^at Balderston. 
 
 Hee was approved on, as Min'" at Balderston, by the Com. of Divines, att Bolton, July /th, 1646. He is 
 paid upp till the 8th of Oct. 1647, by Charles Gregory. 
 Mr. Jonas Browne, Min' at New Church, in Pendle. 
 
 By Order of the Com, of I^nc. 2d Feb. 1647, ther is allowed him and his successors 40/. per an. and 20i. then 
 in arreare. 
 
 Hee is approved on, by the Comm. of Ministers at Whalley, March 11th, 1646. 
 Mr. John Worthington, Min' at Tuckholes Chappel. 
 
 By an Order of this Comm. of the 25th Dec' 1646, there is 40/. per an. allowed to an orthodo.x Divine, to 
 officiate the Cure at Tockholes Chappel. 
 
 Mr. Worthington was ordained at Manchester, forOuldliam, 15th April 1647. 
 Mr. George Whittaker, Min' att Downham. 
 
 By Order of the Com. of tliis County, 13 Jul. 1648, there is 30/. per an. allowed to Mr. Geo. Whittaker, 
 Min' of Downham, and 15/. then in arreare ordered to be payd him. 
 
 Mr. Whittakei- is approved by the Com. of Min' .\pril 1st, 1645. 
 Mr. John Horrox, Min' alt Colne. 
 
 By an Order from the Dep. Lieutenants, of the 26th June, 1645, there is 13/. lOs. augmentation allowed to 
 Mr. John Horrox, Min' at Colne. 
 
 Mr. Horrox is approved, by the Comm. of Divines, the first of .\pril 1645. 
 Mr. James Rigby, Min' at Church Kirke. 
 
 By an Order from the Com. of this Countie, of the 3d Aug. 1648, there is 30/. per an. allowed to Mr. James 
 Rigby, Min' at Church Kirk, and his successors there 
 
 Mr. Rigby was ordained, by the Presbytery of Blackborne, at Church Kirke, 1st. of Aug. 1648. 
 Mr. Rich. Redman, Min' at Law Church. 
 
 By an Order from the ( om. for plund"" Min", of April 21, 1647, there is 40/. per an. out of the Rectory of 
 Exton, sequestered fiom James Anderton. Pap. allowed to a .Min' at Low Church. 
 Mr. Redman is nominated, in the Ordinance, for the Classis. 
 
 Mr.
 
 Book II.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. I6i 
 
 ministers, at the head of whom was the above-mentioned Thomas Jolly, and a supposed 
 demoniac of Surey (now Surey Barn) named Richard Dugdale. — After all, it is more than 
 probable, that the man was either a lunatic or impostor: the latter, undoubtedly, if we are to 
 believe the tradition of the place, which reports that he was effectually exorcised by a threatened 
 commitment from a neighbouring magistrate. 
 
 Of this transaction, however, the triumphant party, for so they deemed themselves, 
 thought fit to publish a most injudicious and ill-written narrative, which has been employed by 
 an acute, though concealed enemy of Christianity, to discredit the miracles of the primitive 
 Church; and through them, it is to be feared, those of the Gospel itself*. They thought 
 themselves happy, no doubt, in their exemption from the restraint which a canon of the 
 Church -|- imposes upon such adventures ; but the event has abundantly proved the wisdom of 
 a constitution, which vests in the ordinary a right to prohibit the intermeddling of hot-headed 
 and credulous men in circumstances so delicate and suspicious. It is to be observed, that 
 Mr. Gey, the Vicar of Whalley, though applied to, prudently forbore to interfere. 
 
 The remote situation of Wlialley, and the adjoining benefices, was probably the occasion of 
 
 Mr. Alex. Gilbert, Min' at Tockholes Chap. 
 
 By an Older of the Com. of this Countie, of the 25th of Dec' 1646, there is 40/. per an. allowed to an orthodox 
 
 Divine, to ofliciate at Tockholes Chap. 
 
 Mr. Gilbert was ordained Min' here Apr. 10th, 1649. 
 
 Mr. Edward Lapage, Min' at New Church, in Pendle Forrest. 
 
 By an Order, formerly entered for Mr. Browne, there is 40/. per an. allowed. 
 
 Mr. Lapage is approved by the CJassis, at VVhaley, 8th of May 1648. 
 
 Mr. Joshua Bernard, Min' at Over Darwin Chap. 
 
 By an Order of the Com. at Mancliester, of the of Jan. 1648, there is 40/. per an. allowed to Mr. Bernard, 
 
 Min' at Over Darwin, together with the arrears due unto him. 
 
 By a Certificate of the Inhabitants of the Chappclrie of Over Darwin, it appears that Mr. Bernard ( ) 
 
 in arreare for twoe yeares and a q"", ending the 3d of Dec' 1649. 
 
 Mr. Bernard was ordeined the 4th of Deer I649, at the Chappel of Over Darwin, by the Classis of 
 
 Blackborne Hundred. 
 
 Mr. Richard Smethurst, Min"" at Samsbury Cliappel. 
 
 By an Order of 13 Dec. 1649, here is 40/. per an. allowed to Mr. Rich. Smethurst, Min' at Samsbury Chappel, 
 
 and the arreares due unto him. 
 
 Mr. Smethurst was ord'' by the Minst. of Blackborne Classis, and sent to Samlisbury Chappell by them the 
 
 4th of Dec. 1649. 
 
 By a Certificate the 10th Dec, under the handes of the Chappehie, it appeares that he hath served here 
 
 20 weckes. 
 
 (On a loose piece of paper.) 
 
 By Order of the Conmi. of this Countie, of 18th Oct. 1649, there is 40/. per an. allowed to Mr. James Critchly, 
 
 Minr at Langoe Chappel, and 20/. for his arrear. 
 
 Mr. Critchley was approved for that place by the Classis, at Whally, 10th Jul. 1649. 
 
 (Under I-oynsdale Hundred.) 
 
 In another Hand: ~\ ^^' J"'»" King, Minr at Chipping. 
 
 ^, ..,,.. f By Order from the Committee of plundered Min's, 17th Jime 1647, allowed 27th Aug. 
 
 This should be m > ^ ^ , t 
 
 Blackborne Hund. ^ following, there is .50/. per an. allowed out of the Tythes of Chipping, sequestered from 
 
 ^ Christopher Harris, delinquent, to John King, Min^ of the Par. Church of Chipping. 
 
 * See Dr. Middleton's Inquiries into the Miraculous Powers, p. 232. 
 t f ide 72d canon. 
 
 Y some
 
 loJ HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II —Chap. III. 
 
 jonie neglect on the part of archbishop Parker, of which he was admonished by bishop 
 Pilkington, a native of Lancashire. " Your cures all," saith he, " except Rachdale, be as far 
 out of order as the worst in all the country. The old vicar of Blackburn* resigned for a pension, 
 and now liveth with Sir John Byron. Whalley hath as ill a vicar as the worst-|-." This state 
 of things produced the following spirited memorial, in which the unknown writer, with great 
 appearance both of law and reason, strikes at the root of the grievance, and boldly maintains, 
 that the benefices in question were actually disappropriated, and became preventative again. I 
 have very lately met with this memoir among the Towneley manuscripts. 
 
 " Instruction for my L*^ of Canterburie's Benefices in Lancashire. 
 
 1st. It appereth by the original donations that there was a simple grant, or guift, of the 
 advowsons and patronages onlie of the parishes and churches of Ratchdale, Blackburn, and 
 Whalley, unto the Abbey of Whalley, as within is mentioned. 
 
 2d. The saide churches at the tyme of the saide sev'all donacions thearof were wholly 
 ancyent, presentable benefices ; and from tyme to tyme before had been occupyed and possessed 
 by ecclesiastical incumbents, and nev' till afterwards weare thralled and subjected to the : tate 
 of Romish impositions. 
 
 3d. Aff that the saide Abbye was possessed and invested in the patronage of the saide sev'all 
 churches and parishes, the abbot and co'vent there did then make suite to the b'p of Roome for 
 the perpetual appropriations of the saide churches and parishes to the saide Abbey ; and that 
 a vicar perpetual might be ordayned in every of the saide sev'all churches and parishes, to have 
 cure of sowle, and to be endowed with a certain penc'on of monye, and glebe lands for their 
 mayntenance; which was grawnted accordingly, as may and doth appear. 
 
 4th. It"". By this kind of Romish dispensacyon and popish apostolical ordinac'on (as they 
 tearme it) the saide churches of free presentable benefices were made poore appropriated 
 vicarages ; and soe ev' since have contynued and reniayned, as to my lord of Canterburie's 
 grace himselfe is not unknowen. 
 
 5th. It*". The late king Hen. VIII. of famous memorie, depely considering the heavie 
 yokes and intolerable bondage whcrwith all his lovyng subjects were greavously opressed, thro 
 the tyrannic of the Bishop of Roome, in these and other his dispensations and Romish imposi- 
 tions, did therefore enact and ordayne, in his High Courte of Parlement, y* all faculties, dis- 
 pensations, and appropriations whatsoever, heretofore procured from ye see of Roome, should 
 bee utterly voyded and of none eflfect. 
 
 6th. It"". Forasmuch as ye saide impropriations did procede, and take their authority, 
 from that dispensing power and seat of iniquity, and therefore were most justlye abolished 
 and annihilated in law, by this meanes it came to passe that all benefices by authoritie from 
 the see of Rome, were disappropriated, and brought again to the ancient state of prescntative 
 benefices. 
 
 7. It'°. For the better explayning of ye desolution of the appropriations papistical above 
 mencioncd, for so much as ye same were not onlie derogatorie to ye true religion and service 
 of Almightie (iod, but alsoe were verie prejudicial to the ancyent prerogative and royal 
 
 * Dobson. -f See Stiype's Life of Archbishop Parker, p. 18'2. 
 
 dignities
 
 Book II.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 16S 
 
 dignities of the Imperial Crowne of this realme, it was and is further enacted, in statute above 
 mentioned, that whosoever shal plead in anie court any dispensacyon or appropriacion pro- 
 ceding from ye Courte of Roome shal therby incur ye penalty of premunire made l6 Ri. lid. 
 
 8. It"\ Although the statute aforesaide touching the exonerating of ye people of this realme 
 from popish oppression and foreign impositions, was repeled A, 1 Mar. ; yet ye same among 
 others is eftectuallye revived A 1 of oure sov'reign ladie Qu. Eliz. as to those who are learned 
 in ye laws is well knowcn. 
 
 9th. If". Forsomuch as after dissolution of ye saide impropriations, by force of ye sta- 
 tutes above mentioned, the s** abbot and co'vent did nev"' seeke for nor obtayne at ye Kinges 
 Maj* hands, nor at ye ordinarie of ye diocese anie new impropriacion in law, but only con- 
 tinued the former usurpation and wrongful intrusion into ye state of ye saide churches, and 
 soe contynued ye same until the dissolution of the then s** abbey and monasterie. By this it is 
 apparent that ye s^ abbot and convente, at ye verie instant tyme of ye dissolution of ther 
 saide monasterie, had noe other state in ye churches and benefices of R. B. and W. but on\y Jus 
 presentandl. 
 
 10th. It™. Wher by the Act of Dissolution of Monasteries ye Kinge's Majestie had noe 
 other state geven to him than onely such interest and state as was invested and remayned 
 in ye saide abbot and covente, which was onely jus presentandl, it behoved Mr. Cranemerr, 
 then archbushop of Canterburie, to have sought a further right and interest in ye saide 
 benefices then eyther remayned in ye s"^ abbot and co'vente or in ye Kinge's Majestie at that 
 tyme ; which because he did not, it doth consequentlie follow that ther was no state of impro- 
 priation in him at all. 
 
 ] 1. It". If the King's Maj's letters patent be allowed as of force to make ye saide benefices 
 impropriations, to this it may be answered, that ye law of ye land requires consente of ye bushop 
 diocesan, together with ye incumbent, and a sufficient reservation and endowment of ye fruites, 
 both for reliefe of ye poore and maintenance of ye vicars; all which rights and circumstances 
 ought to be expressed in a solemn authentical instrument of real composition ; but in these 
 p'tended impropriations of R, B. and W. there is not observed anie such course of law at all 
 (other than from ye pope). 
 
 12. It". Forsomuch as no lawful state of impropriation in ye saide church remained or was 
 invested in Mr. Cranemerr, then a'b'p, it must needes follow y' ye said a'b'p had no right nor 
 authoritie in law to dymise and sett to ferme ye saide benefices. 
 
 13. It'm. If either the Kinge's Maj* prerogative royal, or anie other objection, be laide 
 forth to weaken ye truth of ye p'misses, yet ye strength of ye comune law of the lande, together 
 w*"" ye statutes of H. IV. Ri. II. and H. VIII. doe apparently carrie such force in right, equitie, 
 and conscience, ag*^ these and such like impropriations, as before anie indifferent judge will 
 make the truth hereof manifest. 
 
 14. It". The p'misses considered, it behoveth my L'^ of Canterburie his Grace, not onlie 
 to have a care of his owne due right in ye p'misses, but alsoe to provide better maintenance for 
 the ministers serving in ye se'rall cures of these benefices; which being grete p'shes, and con- 
 tayning among them well nigh 4000* households in all, it is good reason that ye state of their 
 
 * Compare iliis with the present state of population in tl>ese parishes, at the end of this Volume. 
 
 churches.
 
 161. HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book II.— Chap. III. 
 
 cliurches, ye government of ye people, ye right of their tithes, &c. be gravely and depely 
 considered. 
 
 And this the rather for that the inhabitants of these three parishes (under colour of pre- 
 tended leases from Mr. Craneinerr) have bene oppressed w"' exactions and fines to ye sum cf 
 6000 marks and above. Yet ye poore people are forced, at their owne proper costs and 
 charges, to allow and paye manie of their ministers wages serving at ye chapells in ye saide 
 p'shes." 
 
 With respect to the operation of the Statute 1st George I. on the rights of Mother 
 Churches over the augmented Chapels which are declared benefices, and those of which 
 the patronage is alienated, the following clause will prove that they remain what they were: — 
 " That no rector or vicar of the Mother Church, having cure of souls within the parish or place 
 " where such augmented church or chapel shall be situate, shall thereby be divested or dis- 
 " charged from the same : but the cure of souls, with all other parochial rights and duties, 
 " shall hereafter remain in the same state, plight, and manner, as before the making of this act, 
 " and as if this act had not been made." — 1 Geo. I. ex. «^ 4. 
 
 So groundless is the doubt of Dr. Burn, whether, in such augmented cures, the duty of 
 canonical obedience, heretofore owing by the curate to the rector or vicar, does not cease. 
 
 iQorqiii 
 
 CHAPTER
 
 Book III.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OK VVHALLliY. I6i 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 CHAPTER I, 
 
 ORIGIN, PROGRESS, AND RAMIFICATIONS 
 
 OF 
 
 PROPERTY. 
 
 In that obscure period which intervened between the final retreat of the Romans, and the 
 origin of the Northumbrian kingdom, this wild and remote tract appears to have been once 
 more reduced almost to a state of nature; for, though not absolutely depopulated, it must have 
 been thinly sprinkled and feebly occupied by the poor depressed remnant of its aboriginal inha- 
 bitants. Accordingly, no vestiges of their language can be traced but in the names of gres^ 
 natural objects, which belong to a much earlier period, no remains of their works*, and no 
 memorials of their habitations. 
 
 The Saxons, therefore, are to be considered with respect to this portion of Britain, almost 
 in the light of prime occupants : they seem to have had nearly an universal blank before them, 
 without fortresses to subdue, or towns to seize, or names of artificial objects to continue. 
 Unlike the Norman Conquest, which, five centuries after, transmitted into the hands of new 
 n)asters a country already built and planted, a system of society already formed, a local 
 nomenclature already established, this revolution gave birth to a new aera of manners, language, 
 and religion. Hence it appears, not only that our villare is almost entirely Saxon, but that our 
 local names are generally formed from those of the first Saxon possessors, combined with some 
 attribute of place, as the cot of Hun, the home of Elvet, the boundary of Oswald \. 
 
 Or, if intended to express some peculiar circumstance in the situation of a village, still the 
 name is significant in the Saxon language, as Clayfoti, Brunley, 3'Ierelay, Dowtium, and 
 many more|. 
 
 But, after the Norman Conquest, this process was reversed : local denominations were 
 now fixed ; but something was wanted, to remove the confusion incident to single names of 
 
 * Tliat is, of this later period. 
 
 ■\ Hiincot, Elvetham, Oswaldtwisle. 
 
 % The few exceptions to this nile have already been considered in Book I. 
 
 persons,
 
 166 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap I. 
 
 persons, especially in a language of so little copiousness as the Saxon ; and hence owners of 
 lands, laying aside the inconvenient mode of calling them by their own names, began to borrow 
 distinctive personal appellations from them. Yet these appear to have been changeable at first, 
 and to have been descriptive merely of present habitation ; so that, if a son, for example, 
 quitted the place of his paternal residence, lie would assume a new denomination from the estate 
 to which he had removed. Thus, even brethren of the same house frequently adopted different 
 surnames, which were continued by their descendants. — This remark is grounded on the 
 authority of our oldest charters, in which the first subscribing witnesses (men of landed pro- 
 * party) are denoted by local surnames; while their inferiors, who follow, if not designed by 
 their occupation *, have nothing more than the rude Saxon Christian name-f-, though some- 
 times distinguished by a patronymical addition ^. 
 
 But, to return from this digression. 
 
 The original distribution of property into manors or townships, within this parish, when- 
 ever it took place, appears to have been very regularly conducted ; and the general principle 
 upon which it proceeded was evidently this : — that under a system of military colonization every 
 subordinate chief should receive a proportion of land adequate to the support of himself, his 
 family, and immediate dependents. And this proportion, in the parish of Whalley, never 
 exceeded two carucates of land, and never fell short of one. 
 
 Seated upon this domain, the Saxon leader, softened into a peaceful lageman, was occu- 
 pied in husbandry and pasturage : here he erected his rude but independent mansion, sur- 
 rounded by the huts of his shepherds and husbandmen, over whom he exercised the primitive 
 rights oi sac, soc, &c. &c. ; and such appears to have been the origin of our manors, vills, or 
 townships (for the terms were at first convertible), which, having commenced in the earliest 
 period of the Northumbrian kingdom, still subsist, with little alteration, but in the orthography 
 of the names, the increase of their population, and the extent of their cultivated lands. 
 
 In all the succeeding tract of time, few townships appear to have originated, and none 
 have been depopulated and lost§. 
 
 The carucate, as a measure and principle of distribution to families, is mentioned as early 
 as the laws of Ina|| ; and the twelve followers of Joseph of Arimathea are said each to have 
 received his hyde or carucate of land ^. In the days of Saxon freedom and independence 
 amongst us, these lands were held in socage; that is, for a certain render or service, imme- 
 diately, and incapite, of the crown. — "Vulgaris opinio (says the Author of the Status de 
 BUtckbiirnshire), tenet et asserit, quod, quot fuerunt villae, vel mansae seu maneria hominum, 
 
 * As John Pincerna, Lucas Citharaedus, &c. 
 
 f As Swaine, Hosebert, &c. 
 
 X As hen. fil Lfofwine, &c. 
 
 § The township of Meiclesdcn, now Marsden, is the only one which can be proved to have originated since the 
 Domesday Survey. I n\\\ not si)eaking at present of villages within the forests, for they are all of much later date. " Ad 
 " forestas dixi villas non eonipetere." Speltnan. 
 
 II Leges Infe xxxii, &c. Hence it is, that by conversion the v/otA familicE is renderedj by the Royal Interpreter of 
 Bede, pybelanbep 
 
 ^ I mention this fact merely to shew the antiquity of this principle of distribution ; for, if we reject the whole story 
 of St. Joseph and St. Patrick, these lands must, at latest, have been bestowed by Ina. A.D. 704. (''id. " JVIon. Angl." 
 torn. I. pp. 10, H. 
 
 tot
 
 Book III.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 167 
 
 tot fuerunt domini, nedum in Blackbiirnshire, verum etiam in Rachdale, Tottington, et 
 Bowland, quorum nullus de alio tenebat, sed omnes in capite, de ipso domino rege." 
 
 This representation is confirmed by Domesday Book, which, though it passes over the 
 Hundred of Blackburn with an indistinctness strongly implying the obscurity of the place, and 
 perhaps the difficulty of access to it, has ascertained, with sufficient exactness, the number and 
 independence of the manors contained within it, and the proportion of each to the original 
 carucate. 
 
 We will once more therefore, lay before the Reader a copy of that Record, so far as it relates 
 to the Hundred of Blackburn ; and, after a few remarks, will compare it with known and 
 positive facts, from later authorities, respecting the extent of freehold (that is, the only original) 
 property within every manor. 
 
 " IN BLACKEBURNE HUNDRET. 
 
 " Rex Edwardus tenuit Blackeburne, ibi 2 hidae et 2 carucatje terrae : ecclesia habebat 
 2 bovatas hujus terra? et ecclesia Setae Mariae habebat in Wallei 2 carucatas terra? quietas ab 
 omni consuetudine. 
 
 " In eodem manerio* silva 1 leuva longa et tantundem lata, et ibi erat aira accipitris. 
 
 " Ad hoc manerium vel hundredum adjacebant 28 liberi homines tenentes 5 hidas et dim. 
 et 40 carucatas terrae pro 28 maneriis : silva ibi 6 leuvis longa et 4 leuvis lata et erat in supra- 
 dictis consuetudinibus. 
 
 * Familiar as the term manor is now become to us, I know not whether it has ever been defined with precision.— 
 The won! itself, though found (I believe for the first time) in the charters of Edward the Confessor, is unquestionably 
 Norman : but the peculiar species of private and local jurisdiction, which we now express by the term, was unquestion- 
 ably known to our Saxon ancestors ; and the lageman habens socam et sacam super homines suos, was indisputably the 
 same character which was afterwards termed lord of a manor. Coke Litt. c. 9, S. 73. 
 
 But the idea of jurisdiction is, in manv of our manors, forgotten ; and the popular sense, in which the word is now 
 understood, implies little more than a peculiar right to kill game within certain limits, although such a privilege de- 
 pends upon a distinct grant of free chace, which many manors never possessed at all, or upon prescription. 
 
 It may assist the Reader, however, in perusing the following parts of this Work, to be informed that the word ma- 
 nerium, as referring to the subject of this Work, in the ancient evidences from which it has been taken, bears four senses. 
 
 1st. The whole himdred (mnnerium sire hun<hitumj, in which it is synonimous with honour. Fide Domesday, in 
 the passage quoted above. 
 
 2d. A single vill, township, or sometimes hamlet, under the jurisdiction of a lord, holding, before the Conquest, 
 of the Crown in capite, and afterwards of the chief lord of the fee. This is the sense of the word, where it first occurs, 
 in the passage of Domesday before us, referring to the town of Whalley alone ; and such are all our real mesne manors 
 at present ; commensurate, that is, with townships or hamlets, 
 
 3d An arbitrarv collection of mesne manors, never granted out by the chief lord of the fee, but in later times 
 grouped together under the name of one manor, for the convenience of holding courts. For ordinarily the Court Baron 
 as well as Customary, or Copy-hold Court, must be held within its own manor; but, if a lord be seized of two or three 
 manors, then, by custom, courts may be held upon one for all. Coke, Litt. ubi supra. And thus Colne, Ighienhill, 
 .\ccrington, and Tottington, have obtained the appellation of manors. 
 
 4th. In the last sense this word is used with great la.xity in ancient inquisitions, &c. to denote little more, if any 
 thing, than a capital messuage or mansion-house. In this sense, Hesandforth, Catlow, Blakay, Greenfield, and others, 
 none of which were ever vills or hamlets, or ever enjoyed maucrial jurisdiction, are sometimes styled manors.— Hrfe 
 Townl. MSS. This last use of the word is also common in the monkish historians, maneriorum edi/icator extilit.— 
 Matt. Paris, sub an. 1251. Stanmure abbas Joh. manerium construiit.— lib. St. Albani, as cited by Spelman in voce. 
 
 "In
 
 168 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. I. 
 
 " In eodem hundreto habebat rex Edw. Hunnicot de 2 car. terrae, et Waletune de 2 car. 
 terrae, et Peniltune de dim. hyda. 
 
 " Totum manerium cum hundreto reddebat regi de firma xxxii/. et xi solidos. — Hanc 
 terram totam dedit Rog. Pictaviensis Rog. de Busli et Alberto Greslet, et ibi sunt tot 
 homines qui habent undecim carucatas et dim. quas ipsi concesserunt esse quietas usque ad tres 
 annos, et ideo non apprcciantur modo." 
 
 This is sufficiently perplexed : a little attention, however, will enable us to remove every 
 difficulty, and to extract from it a pretty accurate representation of the state of property at that 
 early period. 
 
 1. It must be remembered that the Hundred of Blackburn consisted, at this time, of the 
 parishes of Whalley and Blackburn alone : those of Ribchester and Chipping, now annexed to 
 it, being surveyed in Amunderness. 
 
 2. Here were, in the time of Edward the Confessor, 40 carucates and 5|^ hides, held by 
 28 freemen for 28 manors, of which the whole rental was xxxii/. ii^. 
 
 3. Deduct one third for the number of manors and carucates in the parish of Blackburn, 
 which is nearly the proportion, and there will remain for the parish of Whalley, in integral 
 numbers, about 19 manors, consisting of 30 hides or carucates, and paying a rent of xxi/. 
 
 4. Our original manors, therefore, some consisting of one car. and others of two, may be 
 estimated, one with another, at 1^ carucate each. 
 
 5. Every hide or carucate paid about xiii*. Consisting, therefore, as they did, of 8 oxgange 
 each, and the oxgang, on an average, of 16 acres, the mean rent per acre would be one 
 penny and a fraction. The carucate, by the same rule, would measure 128 acres; and the 
 whole amount of ancient freehold lands, surveyed by Domesday, in the parish of Whalley, 
 would not exceed 3840 acres, Lancashire measure*. 
 
 6. But farther, we have here the first hint of tenure in villenage, which appears to have 
 commenced in this parish after the Norman Conquest, since no notice is taken of it as having 
 
 * It mav assist the Reader, in understanding this survey, to be informed, that the bovate or oxgang, here averaged 
 at 16 acres, fluctuated between the two extremes of IS and 11 acres in different places, and sometimes even in the same 
 township ^fif/e Padiham), according to tlie quality of the land : but in the parish of Whalley, in general, lands were 
 ancientlv divided, according to the mode in which they were estimated or measured, into the terra bovata, i.e. oxgang 
 land ; and the terra rodata, i. e. rode land. The first of these was ancient enclosure, which, ha\ing been time immemorial 
 under the plough, was measured by the quantity which one ox (of which it appears from hence that there were eight in a 
 carruca) could plough in one season. The second was land lately reclaimed and thrown into cultivation ; and it may 
 be proved, by the following authorities, to ha\e been synonimous with essart : — " One essart, called Swainey rode — 
 " Martin's essart, or Martin rode — One essart called Malyn rode." Burton's IMon. Ebor. under Kirkstall. This word 
 rode, which in the dialect of the parish of Halifax becomes royde, is plainly a participial substantive, formed from the 
 provincial verb rid, to clear or grub up. Again, ridding, or riding, also, which yet remains in the names of many 
 fields, may be proved to be synonimous with essart, and therefore confirms the former etymology. Thus : " One essart 
 " called TodhiU riding — An essart called Tullin riding." Burton's Mon. Ebor. from Charters ciic. 1258. — Lastly, the 
 word essart itself is supposed by Spelman fvoce Foresta) to be corrupted from exserere, and to be the opposite of deserere. 
 But surely the meaning of the term might have led him to the sarrin of the Rei liusticcE scriptores ; which, in bat baious 
 Latin, became ersarrio, and the participle passive e.vsarlus, i.e. essarted. — I have been the more diffuse in explaining this 
 word, because Thoresby, and after him Mr. Watson, without any account of its origin or etymology, have contented 
 themselves with defining royd land, terra debilis et inadta. 
 
 existed
 
 Book III.— Chap. I.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 169 
 
 existed in the Confessor's time ; but it is merely affirmed by Domesday, that there are homines 
 or homagers, besides the 28 free tenants, who hold xi et dim. carucates, and that they are 
 free from the geld for three years, and therefore not rated now, evidently, I think, because 
 these lands were but in the infancy of cultivation. After the confused and careless survey of 
 the parish in Domesday is thus reduced to order, little would be wanting to put this account on 
 a footing with the more accurate parts of Domesday, but the names of the several manors, vills, 
 and hamlets, and the particular admeasurement of each. 
 
 And happily for our purjjose, this defect will be supplied by that most exact record, the 
 Inquisition* after the death of Henry de Lacy, the last earl of Lincoln, taken A.D. I3II, from 
 which I have extracted the following table of manors and freehold lands. It must be premised 
 that I have discarded all those which are held in thanage (a tenure, the nature of which will be 
 ascertained hereafter), namely, Oswaldtwisle, Read, Henthorn, Twisleton, Simonstone, and 
 Padiham, because there is the strongest reason to conclude that they were parts of thell^ 
 carucates held in villenage-^ at the time of the Domesday survey, and have never been regularly 
 granted as manors, but have acquired the right by gradual usurpation and connivance. ^ 
 
 Manor. 
 
 Whalley - ' - 
 
 Huncot 
 
 Peniltone and Cold- 
 coats 
 
 Little Mitton 
 
 Wis wall 
 
 Clitheroe 
 
 Merlay mag. 
 
 Merlay parv. 
 
 Worston cum Chat- 
 burne 
 
 Downham, 
 
 Alvetham, with 
 Clayton, 
 
 Accrington vetus 
 
 } 
 
 } 
 
 } 
 
 { 
 
 Measure. 
 2 carucates 
 2 carucates 
 
 1^ an hide 
 
 1 carucate 
 
 2 carucates 
 
 1 carucate 
 
 2 carucates 
 1 carucate 
 
 Ancient Tenure. 
 
 Frank almoigne. 
 
 Never granted out. 
 \ Penelton in mil. serv. Cold- 
 J coats in frank Almoigne. 
 
 Mil. serv. 
 
 - Mil. serv. 
 In demesne. 
 
 - Mil. serv. 
 Mil. serv. 
 
 oxgangs or 
 
 7-8ths of a carucate Never gi-anted out. 
 
 Mil. serv. 
 1 carucate 
 
 1 J carucate I;^ oxg. 
 
 originally an hamlet 
 
 under Alvetham 
 
 «}i 
 
 a carucate 
 
 Mil. serv. 
 Frank almoigne. 
 
 * It may be proper to observe, once for all, that inquisitions post mortem are of little value but for the purpose 
 of finding an heir. Their descriptions are almost always in round numbers, which must generally be false, e. gr. 100 
 acras terra, 50 prati, <200 jampnorum et bntera ; and it is not uncommon, in two successive generations, to find the 
 same premises estimated at twice the quantity, or perhaps one half. But after the death of the last earl of Lincoln, 
 lea\ing a single daughter, on whose decease, without male issue, the vast estates of the family were settled ujjon the 
 Crown, it was thought necessary to mske a strict and accurate survey, and for the jurors to find with equal exactness 
 according to the result. To this circumstance we are indebted for one of the most valuable documents from which the 
 History of Whalley has been compiled. There is extant, indeed, another general inquisition of the honour of Clithe- 
 roe, after the death of Henry Duke of Lancaster, but it is comparatively slight and inaccurate. 
 
 t The rest of these lands I suppose to have lain in the parish of Blackburn, as there is no room for them in that of 
 Whalley. 
 
 t See Read and Oswaldtwisle, where the steps of this usurpation may be traced. 
 
 z Haslingdeu
 
 170 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book III. — Chap. I 
 
 Manor. Measure. 
 
 Haslingden ------ 1 carucate 
 
 Brunley, 1 car. cum Haberghameaves ^ car. | ^ carucates 
 and Townley cum Brunshavv ^ car. J 
 
 Colne — — — — — 1 carucate 
 
 Pol rig — — — — — 2 carucates 
 
 Cliviger, 2 car. and also the grange of Kirk-^ 
 stall Abbey, which appears originally to ( 
 
 have belonged to the 
 1 car. — 
 
 parish of Rochdale, t 
 
 3 carucates 
 
 lirierclifFe, 1 car. with the hamlets of Worst 
 horn and Extwisle, i a car. each 
 
 -} 
 
 2 carucates 
 
 Hap 
 
 ton, 1 car. with Bridtwisle, ^ a car.* — 1^ a carucate 
 
 Ancient Tenube. 
 Never granted out. 
 
 {The two first constituting one 
 manor, never granted out. 
 The latter in mil. serv. 
 
 — Never granted out. 
 
 — Mil. serv. 
 
 /-Two manors; one in mil. 
 * serv. the other consisting of 
 J Holme, Dineley, and Clivi- 
 V gerDean, in frank almoigne. 
 ■ Three manors : — the first 
 never granted out ; the 2d 
 held in mil. serv. ; the $6 
 in frank almoigne. 
 2 manors in mil. serv. 
 
 Before I dismiss this subject, it may be proper to subjoin a few observations on the Manors 
 held in Thanage, which have been excepted out of the former catalogue, and must now be 
 assigned to a baser origin than their neighbours. 
 
 Manors. Measure. 
 
 These are. Read — — — 7 oxgangs. 
 
 Simonstone 1 » — — 7 oxgangs. 
 
 Padiham J — — 4 oxgangs. 
 
 Tsvisleton — — — 1 carucate. 
 
 Oswaldtvvisle — — 2 carucates. 
 
 Henthorn — — — ^ a carucate. 
 
 In all, 5 carucates, 3 oxgangs. 
 
 Now, whoever attends to the earlier passages of lands in Read and Oswaldtwisle, will find 
 no vestige of a formal grant of those manors from the chief lord ; but the mention of services, 
 and the word manor, appears to have been introduced by stealth, and the right established by 
 subsequent usurpation on one part, and inattention on the other. 
 
 The above-mentioned facts, together with the peculiarity of the tenure, first induced a 
 suspicion, in which I am now confirmed, that these townships never formed any part of the 
 ancient free lands of the parish in the Saxon times, but were in fact a portion of the 11^ caru- 
 cates, held at the time of the Domesday survey by homines or homagers, that is, in villenage. 
 
 This supposition is countenanced by the nature of the tenure in question. 
 
 * The accuracy of tl»ese measurements will be proved from the Inquisitioa of 1311, under the survey of the several 
 townships. 
 
 t 1 conceive these to have been originally one township, forming a carucate. The latter was never granted out. 
 
 For
 
 Book III,— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 171 
 
 For Thanage was originally a service to a thane, or to the lord of a manor. These services 
 were generally commuted for by rents ; and theinage may be proved to have existed in Lan- 
 cashire at an early period ; for in the 1 1th year of Henrj' III. or 1227, when a tallage was made 
 in this county, the tenants in theinage paid 10 marks to have respite that they might not be 
 tallaged. — Mag. Rot. Pip. 11 Hen. III. 3 Rot. 1 Lane. 
 
 Strictly speaking, the thanage rents paid in the Saxon times to the great thanes or earls of 
 counties were free rents, but thei/ icere also paid by copyholders to lords of manors *. 
 
 On the whole, there appears a strong piesumption that this was in fact the earliest species of 
 tenure in villenage amongst us. 
 
 It will now be satisfactory to remark the coincidence between tliese two ancient records, 
 though at the distance of more than two centuries from each other. For, if we dismiss the 
 manors held in thanage on the presumption that they are parts of those lands which are men- 
 tioned in Domesday as held in villenage ; and if we also consider the hamlets as separated, after 
 the time of the Conqueror, from the vills to which each belonged, we have here again 19 
 manors, precisely the number collected from Domesday ; but, instead of 30 carucates, the result 
 of our former computation, we have, in the inquisition of I3II, only 27§ carucates, and half an 
 oxgang ; which, however, at the same average rate per oxgang, will prove the former conjecture 
 to have approached very nearly to the truth ; as, instead of 3840, it will leave 3520 acres, for 
 the real extent of our ancient freehold lands, within the parish, during the Saxon and early 
 Norman times ; a coincidence, notwithstanding the actual difference of numbers, scarcely to be 
 expected, in two records so independent and so remote from each other. 
 
 What a picture does this statement hold up, of population and culture amongst us, in those 
 ages ; for if, excluding the forest of Rowland, we take the present parish of Whalley as a 
 square of 161 miles, from this sum at least 70 miles, or 27,657 acres, must be deducted for the 
 four forests or chaces of RIackburnshire, which belonged to no township or manor, but 
 were at that time mere derelicts, and therefore claimed, as heretofore unappropriate, by the 
 first Norman lords. There will therefore remain, for the different manors and townships, 
 36,000 acres, or thereabouts, of which 3,520, or not quite a tenth part, was in a state of 
 cultivation ; while the vast residuum stretched far and wide, like an ocean of waste inter- 
 spersed with a few inhabited islands. Rut these latter wastes differed essentially from the 
 forests, in having been defined and appropriated to their several townships from the very 
 origin of property, by permanent natural boundaries -J-; such as the brook in the valley, the 
 sikc^- or clough'\- on the mountain-side, or the -^-deal of heaven water upon the summit. — 
 Such were our primitive vills and townships; that is, little more than points of property and 
 culture, about which successive enclosures have been extended in concentric circles, till their 
 circumferences nearly touch each other; and the country has so totally lost its ancient cha- 
 racter and aspect, that it is not easy for a mind, familiarized to its present state, to conceive 
 of the other, even in imagination. 
 
 Hut, could a curious observer of the present day carry himself nine or ten centuries back, 
 and ranging the summit of Pendle, survey the forked vale of Calder on one side, and the bolder 
 
 * For this information I am indebted to Thomas Astle, Esq. 
 t These are the jieeiiliar phrases of our anrient iierambvilations. 
 
 margins
 
 172 HISTORY OF WHALLEV. [Book HI.— Chap. I. 
 
 margins of Ribble and Ilodder on the other, instead of populous towns and villages, the castle, 
 the old tower-built house, the elegant modern mansion, the artificial plantation, the park and 
 pleasure-ground, or instead of uninterrupted enclosures, which have driven sterility almost to the 
 summit of the fells, how great must then have been the contrast, when, ranging either at a 
 distance, or immediately beneath, his eye must have caught vast tracts of forest-ground, staf- 
 nating with bog, or darkened by native woods, where the wild ox, the roe, the stag, and the 
 wolf, had scarcely learned the supremacy of man ; when, directing his view to the intermediate 
 «paces, to the windings of the valleys, or the expanse of plain beneath, he could only have 
 distinguished a few insulated patches of culture, each encircling a village of wretched cabbins, 
 among which would still be remarked one rude mansion of wood, scarcely equal in comfort to a 
 modern cottage, yet then rising proudly eminent above the rest, where the Saxon lord, sur- 
 rounded by his faithful cotarii, enjoyed a rude and solitary independence, owning no superior 
 but his sovereign. 
 
 This was undoubtedly a state of great simplicity and freedom, such as the admirers of 
 uncultivated nature may affect to applaud. But though revolutions in civil society seldom 
 produce an)' thing better than a change of vices, yet surely no wise or good man can lament the 
 subversion of Saxon polity, for that which followed. Tlieir laws were contemptible for imbe- 
 cility ♦, their habits odious for intemperance. And, if we can for a moment persuade ourselves 
 that their language has any charms, it is less, perhaps, from any thing harmonious and expres- 
 sive in itself, or any thing valuable in the information which it conveys, than that it is of rare 
 and not very easy attainment-|- ; that it forms the rugged basis of our own tongue ; and, above 
 all, that we hear it loudly echoed in the dialect of our own vulgar. Indeed, the manners as 
 well as language of a Lancashire clown |' often suggest the idea of a Saxon peasant ; and prove, 
 with respect to remote tracts like these, little affected by foreign admixtures, how strong is the 
 power of traduction, how faithfully character and propensities may be transmitted through 
 more than twenty generations. 
 
 * The Saxon la«s, by substituting pecuniary mulcts to corporal pun'sliments, confounded two species of obligation. 
 Hence, tlie very idea of guilt would gradually be loit, and the laws would be understood not so much to pimish crimes, 
 as to advertise licences for the pei-petration of them upon certain terms. Strictly speaking, bodily sufiFerings, judi- 
 cially inflicted, alone are punishments : of these, the exact proportion will be adjusted, by every legislator, according to 
 his views of justice or mercy. But there ia one offence commuted in this Code for money, which no Christian law-giver 
 can, consistently with the obedience he owes to an higher law, avoid punishing with death. See Gen. ix. 6, which is a 
 Noachian precept, and therefore of universal obligation. Thus much, however, must be allowed, that, while systems 
 of legislation, excessively severe, defeat their own end, because human nature revolts at the execution of them, the 
 Saxon, like all other- mercenary laws, were, for an obvious reason, pretty sure of being enforced. 
 
 t I do not mean to say, that a little knowledge of the Saxon language is not of easy attainment ; but that any 
 further progress in it, is to an Englishman attended with that peculiar difficulty, whatever it may be, which is 
 always experienced, in making ourselves masters of a dialect akin to our vernacular language, yet abounding iu other 
 idioms. 
 
 I See that truly original work, the " Lancashire Dialect," in which the author, my old acquaintance, besides the praise 
 of having drawn a most faithful and diverting picture of rustic manners, while he supposed himself to be doing little more 
 than transcribing the modern jargon of his own parish, was in reality perpetuating words and forms of speech which had 
 subsisted before the Conquest. His glossary proves that he had sometimes a glimpse of this fact : but his knowledge 
 of the Saxon language was too confined to shew him, in its full extent, what would have delighted him beyond mea- 
 sure, the merit and importance of his own achievement. O si sic omnia ! 
 
 From
 
 Book III.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 173 
 
 From a people occupied like the Saxons, in rearing and devouring the produce of their own 
 lands, posterity had little to expect ; and, accordingly, the subject of this history cannot boast 
 one Saxon charter, one remnant of Saxon architecture*, properly so called ; and, independently 
 of general history, we have no remaining evidence, but that of language, that such a race of 
 men ever existed amongst us. I do not even recollect that a Saxon penny or a Northumbrian 
 stica has ever been turned up within the parish. 
 
 The Normans were a more abstemious and polished people: their lawyers, with more 
 chicane, had infinitely more knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence: their ecclesiastics, 
 though more devoted to the Court of Rome, had a greater share both of piety and learning ; their 
 princes alone, haughty, unjust, and cruel, gave a conquered people reason to look back with 
 regret on the mild, though unskilful sway of their native monarchs-^. 
 
 As scribes and architects, in particular, they were men to whom this district was greatly 
 indebted ; for our only castle, our oldest remaining churches, our most curious and valuable 
 records, are all early Norman. 
 
 Such was the state of property and manners when the house of Lacy, who will be the 
 subject of the next chapter, became possessed of Blackburnshire. But, before we go on to 
 that part of the subject, it may be proper to consider the effects which this great revolution 
 produced upon the state of property in this extensive district. The simplicity, therefore, and 
 independence of Saxon tenures, was completely destroyed ; a tract of country which had been 
 parcelled out among 28 lords, now became subject to one, and all the intricacies of feodal 
 dependence, and all the rigours of feodal exaction, wardships, reliefs, escheats, &c. were 
 introduced at once — Yet, perhaps, the rights thus acquired were seldom exercised in their 
 utmost extent. The Saxon lords, though reduced to a state of galling dependence, do not 
 appear, in general, to have been actually stripped of their fees; and we have one instance, 
 in which the old possessor of a manor before the Conquest, alienates, after that event, in 
 his own name. — What a man, in such circumstances, is permitted to transfer, he has been 
 previously allowed to retain;};. 
 
 But these remaining rights, for the destruction of which m.any trains were laid, gradually 
 merged in the superior fee'^, where, perhaps, the greater part of them still remain ; but others 
 were successively re-granted in military service or frank almoigne : subordinate freehold pro- 
 perties were also cantoned out in socage; tenures in villenage, which had commenced, as we 
 
 * I should ascribe the remains of very early architecture in the churches of Clitheroe and Colne, by far the oldest 
 in the parish, to an sera somewhat, but not much posterior to the Conquest. There is no evidence that either of 
 those churches was founded before that event : we know that they existed soon after. 
 
 t I am not displeased to find that Mr. Gibbon is of the same opinion. " England," says he, " was assuredly a 
 gainer by the Conquest." Chap. LVI. note '28. He refers, also, to Wm. of Malmesbury, De Gestis Anglorum, 1. 3, 
 p. 101—2. 
 
 + l"i(le Downham. 
 
 § The existence of a race of mesne lords, and their gradual extinction long after tlie Conquest, is no chimerical 
 hypothesis. — An instance will occur under the manor of Worsthorn, in which one of these (about the time of Hen. II. 
 as appears from the attestations,) granted lands to be held of himself and his heirs. — Yet, in the reign of Edw. I. the 
 manor liad reverted to the chief lord of the fee, and was by him granted out again. 
 
 have
 
 174 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book III.— Chap. I. 
 
 have seen *, immediately after the Conquest, were extended and encouraged ; and thus, by suc- 
 cessive steps, the origin of all landed property within the hundred, some later copyholds alone 
 excepted, is to be traced to voluntary concessions of the Lacies, or their successors of the house 
 of Lancaster, 
 
 Yet we are not to consider these grants as acts of pure beneficence ; for, beside the personal 
 services which they required, they were frequently charged with pecuniary payments nearly 
 equivalent, at first, to rack-rents ; but their real value, which is great indeed at present, grew 
 out of the operation of causes little understood at the time, either by lord or vassal, namely, the 
 certainty of the render, the diminishing value of money, and the perpetuity of the title. 
 
 * The progress of these, during a period of more than two centuries, will be accurately traced under eveiy town- 
 ship, by lights borrowed from the great Inquisition of 1311. 
 
 CHAPTER
 
 Book III.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 175 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 LORDS OF THE HONOR OF CLITHEROE. 
 
 XVESPECT only to general opinion, and to the authority of Dugdale, which has been held 
 decisive, induces me to place at the head of this catalogue 
 
 Ilbert de Laci *, a Norman adventurer, on whom the Conqueror undoubtedly conferred 
 the great fee of Pontefract ; but, as he is unnoticed under the survey of Blackburnshire, by the 
 authentic record of Domesday, which was completed in the last years of the first William, and 
 died early in the reign of Rufus, there is no evidence to prove that he was ever connected with 
 the subject of this history. — Ilbert, however, left a son, 
 
 Robert de Laci, who was certainly lord of Blackburnshire, though it is now impossible 
 to discover by what means he became possessed of it. As, however, the Hundred of Black- 
 burn, at the time of Domesday, constituted a part of those vast possessions which the Conqueror 
 granted to Roger de Busli and Albert de (ireslet, the probability is, that Lacy acquired this 
 fee from them, and held it under them. This opinion is strengthened by a charter of Henry I. +, 
 granting Boeland to this Robert, son of Ilbert, to be held of the Crown in capite, as it had 
 heretofore been of Roger de Poitou. 
 
 That he was possessed, however, of this fee, by whatever means he acquired it, there can be 
 no doubt, as he confirmed the original charter of Merlay, granted by Ilbert, his son, to Jordan 
 le Rt)us|. 
 
 Robert, however, did not long enjoy his inheritance in peace ; for an. Imo. Henry I. having 
 espoused the better cause of Robert Curthose, he was dispossessed of all his lands by that 
 monarch ; and is stated, by Dugdale, to have gone twice into banishment, from which he did 
 not return a second time. 
 
 After the second banishment of Robert, we are told by the same writer, that the fee of 
 Pontefract (including that of Clitheroe) was granted first to Henry Travers, and secondly to 
 Hugh or Guy de la Val. The latter fact is certain ; but, it appears equally certain, that Robert 
 actually returned, and waS restored ; for we find him confirming several grants of churches made 
 
 * This name is spelt with all the laxity of ancient orthography. Lad, Lacy, and Lascy. The earlier part of 
 Dugilale's account of this family, Baronage, vol. I. p. 98. and seqq. is singularly inaccurate. — He seems to h.ive been 
 principally misled by a MS. in Bib. Bodl. (fi 9, Cant.) F. 98. 0'. which is little better than a collection of traditionary 
 tales. Where I shall have occasion to differ from him, I shall do it on the authority of original charters, and assign 
 my reasons. 
 
 -f- Duj^'lale, lihi supra. J lide Merlay. 
 
 by
 
 176 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book III.— Chap. II. 
 
 by Delaval, during his temporary possession, to the priory of Nostel, which was of his, or 
 perhaps his father's foundation *. 
 
 With equal certainty, and on similar authority, it may be proved against Dugdale that this 
 Robert the First-f- founded the castle of Chtheroe, for it did not exist at the time of the 
 Domesday survey ; and in the interval of Delaval's possession, during the banishment of Lacy, 
 we find the former expressly granting, under the dependencies of the church of Wlialley, 
 capellam Set. Michaelis in Castro de Clyderhow. 
 
 It was, indeed, antecedently to be expected, that the 28 manors within the hundred, now 
 united into one honor, should not have remained two generations longer without a common 
 centre: a temporary residence, at least, was required for the lord, a court-house for the trans- 
 action of his business, and a fortress for the defence of his lands. — In a country not abounding 
 with strong positions, an insulated conical rock of lime-stone, rising out of the fertile plain 
 between Penhull and Ribble, would naturally attract his attention ; and here, therefore, the 
 first Lacy of Blackburnshire, and second of Pontefract, fixed the castle of Clitheroe, the seat 
 of his barony, to which a numerous train of dependents, during a period of seven succeeding 
 centuries, have owed homage and service. Robert de Lacy also founded the Cluniac priory of 
 St. John, in Pontefract ; to which, however, he refused a confirmation of the church of Whalley, 
 granted by his disturber Delaval; and, dying, left two sons, Ilbert and Henry:):. 
 
 Ilbert de Lacy, the oldest son of Robert, and the companion of his exile, was distinguished 
 by his fidelity to king Stephen, and by his valour in the Battle of the Standard fought near 
 
 * The following are instances extracted from Burton's Mon. Ebor. of several alternate grants and confirmations 
 between these parties : — 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Batley — — 
 South Kirkby — 
 Featherstone — 
 Huthersfield — 
 Rothwell — 
 
 Warmfield — 
 
 GRANTORS, 
 
 Robert de Lacy 
 Guy de la val 
 Hugh de la val 
 Hugh de la val 
 Hugh de la val 
 Id. — 
 
 CONFIRMATIONS. 
 
 Hugh De la val, Hen. 1st, Alex. 3d. 
 
 Rob. de Lacy. 
 
 Rob. de Lacy, King Steph. Alex. 3d. 
 
 Rob. de Lacy, Alex. 3d. 
 
 Rob. de Lacy, Alex. 3d. 
 
 Id. Id. 
 
 We now see the reason why the monks of Pontefract failed in their claim upon the Church of Whalley, under 
 Delaval's grant : it was never confirmed ; and all alienations made under an attainder, unless confirmed by the party 
 attainted, after his restoration, are held pro infectis. 
 
 t I now find tliat I had overlooked another hypothesis, with respect to the foundation of this castle, which will 
 assign to it a still higher antiquity ; namely, that it was the work of Roger of Poitou himself. For it appears from 
 Domesday, under Bernulfswic, that Berenger de Todeni had held xii car. of land in that place, se(J m" c. (in) Castellatu 
 Rog. Pictaviensis. We know that it was a disputable point much later, whether Bernoldswic was or was not in Black- 
 burnsliiie ; and what can be meant by Castellatu, if tliere was now no castle at Clitheroe ? It may be answered, that 
 the word refers to Roger's great fee of Lancaster : but this is impossible ; for, at the time of the Domesday Survey, 
 Longcaster and Chercalongcnslre were surveyed inter terras regis, in Amundei'ness, not yet granted out ; and were so far 
 from having a castle, or being yet tlie head of an Honor, much less a County, that they are taken as vills or berewicks 
 appertaining to the manor of Halton. All is darkness and confusion with respect to the foundation of the Castle and 
 Honor of Lancaster ; and particularly with respect to Roger of Poitou, of which name there must luive been two 
 persons : for how could it be supposed that a follower of the Conqueror should forfeit under Stephen ? 
 
 X Rob. de Lacy confirms to tlie abbey of Selby the manor of Hamelden, given by his father for the soul of Hugh 
 his brother. — Lands quitcl. here by John, son of Hugh de Lacy, of Gateford. — Burton's Mon. Ebor. p. 395. 
 
 Northallerton,
 
 Book III.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 177 
 
 Northallerton, and having married Alice, daughter of Gilbert de Gaunt, died without issue. 
 He was therefore succeeded by his brother 
 
 Henry de Lacy, the first, who, rivalling his ancestors in the devout liberality of the times, 
 A. D. 1147, founded a Cistertian abbey at Barnoldswick, and afterwards translated it to the 
 more genial climate of Kirkstall. He is remembered as lord of Blackburnshire by having 
 granted out the manor of Alvetham, with Clayton and Accrington, to H. son of Leofwine, 
 which was the second alienation of that kind after the accession of his family to the honor of 
 Clitheroe. Of the successive restitutions of these brothers by Stephen and Henry H. to the 
 estates of their family, related by Dugdale in a narrative inextricably confused, after the deci- 
 sive evidence before adduced, that the restoration really took place under Robert their father, 
 it is now become superfluous to speak ; suffice it therefore to say, that Henry, of whose mar- 
 riage however nothing is recorded, left a son 
 
 Robert de Lacy, the second, of whom it is very confidently told by Dugdale, on the 
 authority of his MS. that he founded the castle of Clitheroe and the chapel of St. Michael, 
 with the consent of GcofFry, dean of Whalley. The falsehood, however, of this story has 
 
 already been proved. He married Isabella, daughter of , and dying without issue, 
 
 12 kal. Feb. 1193, was interred in the abbey of Kirkstall *. With him ended the male line of 
 this great family, and in fact the blood of the Lacies itself, so that he had no other resource 
 than to devise his vast estates, consisting of 60 knights' fees, to his uterine sister Awbrey, 
 daughter of Robert de Lizours, who married 
 
 Richard Fitz Eustace, lord of Halton, and constable of Chester, who died sometime before 
 1178, 24 Henry H. leaving 
 
 John, constable of Chester -i*, and lord of Halton, who, A.D. 11 78, founded the Cister- 
 tian abbey of Stanlaw, the parent of Whalley. He died at Tyre, on a crusade, A. D. II90, 
 2 Richard L leaving issue by Alice, sister of William de Mandevyle, Roger, who succeeded 
 him ;}:, Eustace, surnamed of Chester, Richard a leper, Peter, whom I conjecture to have 
 been Peter de Cestria, the long-lived rector of Whalley, and Alice. This 
 
 Roger de Lacy, the terror and scourge of the Welsh, for his severe executions upon 
 whom, together with the general ferocity of his temper, he was denominated Hell, suc- 
 ceeded to the fees of Pontefract and Clyderhow, in consequence of a fine, levied between 
 himself and Awbrey his grandmother, devisee under the will of Robert de Lacy, his maternal 
 
 * With him too terminates my unpleasing task of detecting the perpetual errors of Dugdale and his authorities. 
 Sir Peter Leycester will henceforward be my guide, in whose account of the constables of Chester I have not been able 
 to detect a single mistake ; but Sir Peter Leycester wrote, as every historian if possible ought to do, from original 
 evidences. 
 
 t That the name of Lacy, to which he had not the slightest pretensions, should be popularly given to the founder 
 of Stanlaw, is no more extraordinary than any other vulgar error : but it is singular indeed that this mistake should 
 have been committed in the foundation charter of Whalley Abbey itself, where Henry de Lacy expressly styles his 
 ancestor. Job. de Lacy, Const. Cest. 
 
 J So Sir Peter Leycester, and this is confirmed by a fine levied at Clyderhow, 7 Ric. I. before Roger de Lacy in 
 person, where we meet with some other persons of the Halton family, of whom I do not know that they are men- 
 tioned any where else. Coram Rog. de Lacy, Const. Cest. et fratre Roberto, filio Ricardi Avunculi Rogeri, Eustatio 
 fratresuo, &e. Vid. PC. 10, No. 11. 
 
 2 A great
 
 178 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. II. 
 
 great uncle, in 1195, or little more than a year after the death of the latter; Richard Fitz 
 Eustace and John his son, not having lived to enjoy this great inheritance. 
 
 He was novi' lately returned from the Holy Land, whither he accompanied Richard I. in the 
 third crusade, having assisted at the memorable siege of Acre *, where so many of his country- 
 men and equals perished. 
 
 There is something evidently allusive to the temper and the achievements of Roger de 
 Lacv, in his great seal, of which some drawings have been preserved. On the obverse side, 
 instead of the equestrian figure, usual in that situation, is the spirited figure of a griffon, rending 
 the body of some other animal ; and on the endorsement, an armed man trampling on the body 
 of an enemy, whose head he holds up triumphantly with the right hand, while the left sustains 
 an antique heater shield. 
 
 In this crusade he was accompanied by William de Bellomonte, ancestor of the Beaumonts 
 of Whitley Beaumont, in Yorkshire, who received from his patron the grant of ten oxgangs of 
 land in Huddersfield, and who, from the frequency witli which he attests the charters of 
 Roger, appears to have been almost his inseparable companion for the remainder of their lives. 
 It was the practice of those days for dependents to adopt, with some distinction, the armorial 
 bearings of their patrons ; it has always been usual to add to them some charge in memory of 
 signal achievements, and thus a lion rampant in the shield of the Beaumonts attests their 
 ancient connexion with the house of Lacy, and an orl of crescents alludes (not obscurely) to 
 some triumph over the standard of Mohammed -j-. 
 
 In his connexion with the honor of Clitheroe, Roger de Lacy gave to the abbey of Stanlaw, 
 the lordship of Merland, the advowson of the church of Rochdale, with four oxgangs of land 
 in Castleton, (the valuable glebe of the present vicarage) and Brandwood, an uncultivated tract, 
 then considered as part of Rossendale. The Coucher Book of Whalley proves, with what en- 
 thusiastic ardour this example was followed by the inferior proprietors of lands in that district, 
 who seem for a time to have been even ambitious of stripping themselves and their families to 
 enrich this popular foundation, Roger de Lacy also granted the villa de Tunlay, and manor of 
 Coldcoats, with Snodworth, to Ceoftry, son of Robert dean of Whalley, served the office of 
 sheriflffor the county of Lancaster in the 7th, 8th, and Qtli of Richard I. and is found occasion- 
 ally presiding in his own courts at Clitheroe. He died Oct. l, 1211, and was interred in the 
 abbey of Stanlaw, leaving by Maud de Clare, his wife, a daughter, married to GeoffVy dean of 
 Whalley. And 
 
 John de Lacy, who, after the death of Alice de Aquila, his first vvife, without issue, mar- 
 ried Margaret, daughter and coheiress of Robert, son of Saher de Quincy, earl of Winchester. 
 This Robert married Hawys fourth sister and coheiress of Randal Blundevil, earl of Chester 
 and Lincoln, who gave to her in the distribution of his lands and honours, the latter earldom, 
 
 * It is curious and edifying to contrast the scenes which took i)lare respectively before tiiis obscure and remote 
 place (St. John de Acre) at the close of the 12th and 18th centuries. In the former, the armies of France and England 
 are seen fighting together against the Moslem infidels, under the common banner of the cross ; in the latter, appears 
 a Christian knight leading a Mohammedan army against an host of ajjostate Frenchmen, crusading in the cause of 
 atheism. 
 
 t The above affords a similar instance in the family of Neville, and probably of the same date. 
 
 scilicet
 
 Siatl/ii Do/ni/ionim V,-tfrt///i ih BftirUn/msliird. 
 
 />. 142. 
 
 
 
 rnvRcrrn-ndv.Thoma- Mll^on.S. TBXa'lesio' ri^ ClMave Mnistro _ Sodaii^ jnamdi/simv ae^Cl (0\0)a' i,un(„u. 
 
 I'l-liri iitj'miim in.fHhiton. I'lUic tnhiilniH vovct T.JX Ml^itah'i:
 
 Book III.— Chap. II.] HLSTORY OF WHALLEY. 179 
 
 scilicet quantum ad me pertinuit ut inde comitissa existat. From her it descended to Margaret 
 her daughter, who marrying John de Lacy as above, Henry III. by patent dated 23 Nov. 1232, 
 reg. 17, re-granted it to the said John, and the heirs of his body begotten upon Margaret his 
 then wife. John de Lacy granted the two medieties of the rector}' of Blackburn to the monks 
 of Stanlaw, and the manor of Little Merlay to WiUiam de Novvell, and dying July 22, A. D. 
 ] 240, was interred with his ancestors at Stanlaw *. His son and successor was 
 
 Edmund de Lacy, who, dying in the life-time of his mother, never assumed the title of 
 earl of Lincoln. He was educated at court under the immediate eye of Henry HL and pro- 
 bably by his procurement, married, to the great indignation of the good people of England, 
 Alice de Saluces, a foreign lady, related to the queen, and daughter of a nobleman of Provence. 
 He died June 5th, A. D. 1258 -|~, and was buried at Stanlaw, leaving 
 
 Henry de Lacy, the last and greatest man of his line, who, from bis peculiar connexion 
 with the subject of this work, as well as his own personal qualifications, is entitled to a larger 
 and more distinct commemoration than his ancestors. He was the confidential servant and 
 friend of Edward L whom he seems not a little to have resembled in courage, activity, pru- 
 dence, and every other quality which can adorn a soldier ;}: or a statesman. In 12go, he was 
 appointed first commissioner for rectifying the abuses which had crept into the administration 
 of justice, especially in the court of common pleas, — an office, in which he behaved with exem- 
 plary fidelity and strictness. In 1293, he was sent ambassador to the French king to demand 
 satisfaction for the plunders committed by the subjects of France upon the goods of the English 
 merchants. 
 
 After the death of Edward, earl of Lancaster, he was appointed commander in chief of the 
 army in Gascony, and viceroy of Aquitain. 
 
 In 1298, he raised the siege of the castle of St. Catharine, near Toulouse, and expelled the 
 French from the confines of that country. In 1299, he led the vanguard at the memorable 
 battle of Falkirk. 
 
 In the parliament of Carlisle, in the last year of Edward I. he had precedence of all the 
 peers of England after the Prince of Wales ; and, by a rare fortune, after the death of his old 
 master, he seems to have retained the confidence of his son. This Earl died at his house of 
 Lincoln's Inn, Feb. 5th, I310, aged 60 years, and was interred in St. Paul's cathedral §, 
 where were erected over his remains, a magnificent tomb and cross-legged statue in linked mail, 
 
 * He obtained from Heniy III. a grant of divers privileges, within the Honor of Chtheroe, and particularly the 
 " Furca" or Gallows at Clitheroe and in Tottington. I had overlooked this charter. Townley MSS. 
 
 57 Hen. III. H. de Lacy, com. Line, armis milit. ab eodem rege apud Westminster honorifice delatus. Hac 
 etiam nocte circumcis. D'ni II. de Northburgh ab. Stanl. ob't. Chron. de Kirkstall. 
 
 f See the great seal and endorsement of this Edmund in the plate of Seals, No. 10. The endorsement has three 
 garbs, which the constables of Chester occasionally used in compliment to their chief lords, as it was the original 
 bearing of Hugh Lupus. This coat still remains in the East window of the church of Blackburn. 
 
 X Though he were not a long-lived man, his services began with the reign of Edward, and continued beyond it. 
 For in the 1st year of Edward he besieged and took the castle of Chartley in Staffordshire, which Robert de Ferrars 
 had entered and detained by force from Hamon I'Estrange, to whom it had been granted by Heniy III. upon the at- 
 tainder of Ferrars. 
 
 § By this circumstance he escaped the visitation of an epitaph from the panegyrists of his family. I have fore- 
 borne to give those of his ancestors at Stanlaw, for the following reasons : 1st. They are very long. 2dly. They are very 
 
 absiu'd.
 
 180 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III —Chap 11. 
 
 which perished with many others in the great fire of London, but happily not until they had 
 been perpetuated by the hand of IloUar. 
 
 Henry de Lacy received from his sovereign, in recompence of his services, the honor of 
 Denbigh in Wales, and additionally to his other titles, styled himself, in consequence, Dominus 
 de Roos and Rowennock, Over the gate of this castle his statue in robes is still preserved, and 
 here, or at Pontefract, for traditions vary, his oldest son, the last heir male of the family, 
 perished by a fall. 
 
 As lord of the honor of Clitheroe, the many remaining evidences of this earl's transactions 
 prove him to have been active and munificent. For, beside many grants of inferior conse- 
 quence, he rewarded his senescal Oliver de Stansfeud, with the manor of Worsthorn, and the 
 Delaleghs and Middlemorcs, with the manor of the grange of Clivacher ; he confirmed and 
 extended the privileges of his borough of Clitherowe ; and, above all, he gave to the monks of 
 Stanlaw the advowson of Whalley with its dependencies, procured the removal of their abbey 
 to that fertile and beautiful site, attended, as it appears, the translation in person, and laid the 
 first stone of their conventual church. 
 
 He married Margaret (or Alice) daughter of Sir William Longsp^e, by whom he enjoyed 
 all the lands, though not the title of earl, of Salisbury ; he had two sons, Edmund and John, 
 and two daughters, Alice and Margaret. Of the two former, both of whom died young, various 
 accounts are given. One tradition is, that Edmund the oldest was drowned in the draw well 
 of Denbigh castle; but it appears from another account, that in 12S2, the year in which Ed- 
 ward I. granted to Henry de Lacy the two cantreds of Roos and Rowenock, he gave to Edmund 
 de Lacy his son Maud de Chaworth, then only five years old, in marriage, but that Edmund 
 died young, and that John his brother, running upon a turret of Pontefract castle, fell down 
 and was killed. It is not probable that both these children perished by violent deaths, but 
 rather that one tradition has been propagated out of the other. Of the two daughters, Mar- 
 garet also died before her father *, who left of consequence his sole heir, 
 
 Alice de Lacy, who married, in her father's life time, Thomas Plantagenet, earl of Lan- 
 
 absurdf. After this whoever feels his cuiiosity unappeaseil, may find them in Dugdale's Baronage, vol. I. under Lacy. 
 But they were, properly speaking, elegies rather than epitaphs, such as it became fashionable at a somewhat later 
 period, to hang upon tablets over the tombs of distinguished persons. The genuine and contemporary inscriptions on 
 the tombs of this great family, were probably old French : but they were certainly short, and contained little more than 
 their names, titles, and the respective date of their deaths. There is reason to suspect that these latter were fabricated 
 after the translation to Whalley. 
 
 * I have never met with more than one impression of the great seal of this earl, and that in so mutilated a state 
 that it could not be engraved *. No. 6, however, is the secretum upon the back of the seal : it seems to resemble that 
 
 f One of them in particular contains ahnost as fine an anticlimax as I have ever met with: 
 
 Ut Mars in Bello validus — 
 Totins Dux cohortis. 
 This, however, allows the God of War the rank of a colonel, which, in the following lines, exceedingly resembling those of the monk, 
 is denied him. 
 
 And thou D.ilhousie, the great God of War, 
 
 JJeulennnt-col'nel to the earl of Marr. 
 
 J I h.ave since met with a very fine one at Towiiley, appended to the original grant of the manor of Worsthorn. A fragment on 
 
 one side is broken off, but the remainder is very sharp, and remarkably well cut. It is very extraordinary that artists wlio could 
 
 engrave so well, and in such bold relief, for seals, sliould have contented themselves and their employers with sui-b wretched flat things 
 
 as the dies of the eonlcmporary coinage. 
 
 engraved
 
 Book III.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 18i 
 
 caster, and carried along with her an inheritance even then estimated at 10,000 marks per 
 annum. 
 
 Thomas of L.^ncaster, though idohzed by tlie monks, was botli a weak man and a bad 
 subject, busthng without vigour, and intriguing without abihties, so that, alter liaving long dis- 
 quieted the kingdom, by an influence which his vast possessions alone created, he at length 
 suffered himself to be overpowered by Edward II. a man as weak as himself, and was beheaded 
 at his own manor of Pontefract, March 22, 1321, leaving no issue. 
 
 Of his transactions in the honor of Clitheroe, I recollect no memorial, excepting that, by 
 charter, dated at Whalley, on the feast of St. James, A. D. 131C, he gave to the abbot and 
 convent of that place, Toxteth and Smethedon, as a more convenient site for their abbey. The 
 monks, as we have seen, complained of their present situation : they v/anted fuel, building 
 timber, and even an extent of domain at Whalley ; but, when the charter of Toxteth was 
 obtained, these inconveniencies were instantly removed, and they thought it prudent 10 retain 
 their new grant and their old situation. 
 
 Of Alice de Lacy there is a very disgraceful story* told by Walsingham ; and, were it 
 either pleasant or edifying, to rake into the dust of libraries for ancient scandal, I could relate 
 more to the same purpose than has ever yet appeared ; suffice it, however, to say, that after 
 having married two other husbands, Eubulo I'Estrange and Hugh de Frenes, she died A. D, 
 1348, and was interred in the abbey of Berlyngs in the county of Lincoln, by her second 4- 
 husband. With her expired the name of Lacy, which, even if she had left issue, would 
 scarcely have been continued at the expence of Plantagenet. 
 
 But to return: in the year 1294, Henry de Lacy, despairing of male issue, surrendered all 
 his lands to the king, who re-granted them to the said earl for the term of his life, and after his 
 decease, to Thomas earl of Lancaster, and Alice his wife, and the heirs of their bodies ; failing 
 of which, they were to remain over to Edmund the king's brother, (a remarkable proof of the 
 earl's attachment to the royal family), and to his heirs for ever. By this act the honor of 
 Clitheroe became united to the earldom of Lancaster. Thus much is generally known : but the 
 following particulars, which ascertain some important steps, about this time, in the descent of the 
 honor of Clitheroe, have been retrieved from an original decree of Edward III. relating to the 
 advovvson of St. ^Michael in the castle;};. On the attainder of Thomas of Lancaster, the honor of 
 Clitheroe and hundred of Blackburn, were instantly seized into the king's hands, and remained in 
 
 eno-ravctl by Sir Feter Leycester, p. 274, which is quarterly (colours gotic) over all a beiul and label of five point?. 
 nut the inscription in Sir Peter Leycester is certainly incorrect as to the characters, which were not in ll^e till near 
 .T century later. No.*), is another small seal of this earl, with the proper bearing of his family — a lion ramj^ant 
 purpure. 
 
 * I will only mention, on the authority of a memorandum in Dodsworth's MSS. which I have mislaid, that the 
 fact which gave rise to the tragedy of Sir John Eliand, of Elland, was a fiay between the rctaineis of eurl Wairen and 
 the husband of this lady, on her account. This nearly fi,\es the sera of that transaction ; but not of the old song upon 
 tlie same subject : concerning which Mr. Watson, History, p. 17G, critically observes, " that it was penned some time 
 after the facts," thai is, a ballad, precisely in the style of Sternhold and Hopkins, was penned sometime after the 
 earlier days of Langland and Chaucer. Doubtless. 
 
 ■f- No. 7, in the j)late of seals, belongs to this lady. The arms are Lacy impaling Lonj,sp6e, earl of Sarum. The 
 impression from which tliis was engraved, was wrapped up in a note written by Bishop Tanner. 
 
 I Pen. aiict. 
 
 the
 
 182 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. II. 
 
 the crown till the beginning of Edward Ill's, reign, when, with the exception of Ightenhill 
 Park, they were granted for term of hfe to 
 
 Queen Isabella, of whom we have several transactions in this capacity upon record *. 
 Previously, however, to her death, the attainder of Thomas of Lancaster, had been reversed 
 on the plea that he had not been tried by his peers ; so that immediately upon that event, Henry 
 duke of Lancaster succeeded to this honor and hundred, by virtue of the above-mentioned 
 entail upon Edmund the king's brother and his heirs. 
 
 Henry Duke of Lancaster, the recorded transactions of whom, as lord of the honor of 
 Ciitheroe, are the following : he founded an hermitage for two recluses in the church-yard of 
 Whalley, granted the bailiwick of Blackburnshire to the abbey and convent of Whalley, to- 
 gether with the Townleys, Delaleighs, and Alvethams, and the manor of Downham, to John 
 de Dyneley -|-, This was the last alienation of a manor by the lord paramount within this 
 honor, as Great Merlay was the first. 
 
 He died March 24th, 1360, leaving, by his wife Isabel, daughter of Henry Lord Beau- 
 mont, two daughters and coheirs ; Maud married to William Count of Hainault, and Blanch 
 to John of Gaunt, fourth son of Edward III. earl of Richmond, and afterwards in her right 
 duke of Lancaster. 
 
 John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, received by this marriage, as the purparty of Blanch 
 his wife, besides the fees of Pontefract and Lancaster, properly so called, the hundred of 
 Blackburne or honor of Ciitheroe, with its appurtenances, thus described : " The wapontake of 
 " Clvderhow, with the demesne lands there, the royal bailiwick of Blackburnshire, the manors 
 " of Tottington and Rachdale, the lordship of Bowland, the vaccary of Bouland and Black- 
 " burnshire, the forest of Blackburnshire, and park of Ightenhill, with the appurtenances in 
 " Blackburnshire." 
 
 A few inquisitions, and other acts of little importance, are all the evidences which remain 
 of his having exercised these extensive rights |. 
 
 He died February 3, 1398, leaving a son, 
 
 Henry of Bolinbroke, duke of Lancaster, then in banishment, who returning the year 
 following, deposed his unfortunate master Richard II. after which the honor of Ciitheroe, as a 
 member of the dutchy of Lancaster, merged in the crown '^. But Henry IV. conscious of the 
 weakness of his title to the latter, and foreseeing that upon a restoration of the right heirs, the 
 dutchy which was his own undisputed inheritance, would now of course, as an accessary, follow 
 the fortunes of its principal, " quia magis dignum trahit ad se minus dignum," with the consent 
 of Parliament, anno R. Imo. made a charter entitled " carta regis Henrici 4ti. de separatione 
 ducat. Lane, a corona;" and in this charter it is declared, that the dutchy of Lancaster, " re- 
 maneat, deducetur, gubernetur, &c. sicut remanere, deduci, gubernari deberet, si ad culmen 
 dignitatis regiae assumpti minime fuissemus." Notwithstanding this, all grants of lands, &c. 
 
 * Plate X. No. 19 is the seal of this queen, appendeil to her charters as lady of the honor of Ciitheroe. 
 
 t Plate X. No. 13 is the great seal of this duke, appended to the grant of the manor of Downham, of which the 
 original in green wax, is in the possession of William Assheton, Esq. 
 
 :J: I have an impression of the seal of Jolin of Gaunt, but in too mutilated a state to be engraved. It has, as usual, 
 an equestrian tigure on one side, and on the other quarterly France and Juigland, with the label of thiee points. 
 
 ^ Fleetwood's Antiquity and History of the Dutchy of Lancaster, MS. p. 36. 
 
 passed
 
 BOOK III.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF XVH ALLEY. 183 
 
 passed under the great seal of England alone, through the remainder of this reign, and till the 
 third of Henry V. when it was ordered that no transactions relating to the duichy should be 
 deemed valid " sub aliquo alio sigillo, praeterqiiam sub sigillo, nostro pro ducatu praedicto*.' 
 And thus the matter rested till the deposition of Henry VI. when Edward IV. whose resj)ective 
 titles to the crown and to the dutchy were precisely those of the house of Lancaster inverted, 
 reasoning on the same principles with Henry IV^. passed an act entitled " actus incorporationis, 
 necnon confirmationis inter alia ad coronam Angliae in perpetuum de ducat. Lane." providing, 
 however, that the said dukedom should be and remain a corporate inheritance, and should be 
 guided and governed by such officers as in the times of Henry IV^th, \'th, and Vlth. 
 
 After all, Henry Vll. who, independently of these acts of mere power, had the only legal 
 title to this great inheritance, as heir in tail after the death of Edward son of Henry VI. under 
 the deed of settlement upon the heirs male of John duke of Lancaster and Blanch his wife ; 
 in the first year of his reign repealed the former act of Edward IV. and entailed, along with the 
 crown, the dutchy of Lancaster, with its appurtenances, upon himself and the heirs of his body 
 lawfully begotten. 
 
 These were the fortunes of the honor of Clitheroe, while it continued a member of the 
 dutchy of Lancaster; that is, till the restoration of Charles II. when that prince, in considera- 
 tion of the eminent services of General Monk, bestowed it upon him and his heirs, from which 
 time till the present it has passed in the following channel : 
 
 George Monk, duke of Albemarle, 1st grantee, ob. 1669, aet. 70.^Ann Clarges, ob. 16*6. 
 
 Christoi)her, duke of Albemarle,=Lady Elizabeth Cavendish, dau, and coh. of=Ralph, duke of Montague,:^A first wife, 
 died in Jamaica, A.D. 16S7 Hen. duke of Newcastle, died £et. 95, died March 9, 1708-9. | 
 
 or 1688, ob. S. P. S.P. by either husband. 
 
 I 
 
 John, Duke of Montague =^. 
 
 -J 
 
 Isabella =Ed ward Eaii Beaulieu. i\Iaiy=p George Earl of Cardigan, afterwards Duke of Montague. 
 
 Elizabeth=p Henry Duke of Buccleugh. 
 
 Heniy-James, 2d son. Baron Montague, ofBoughton. 
 
 Christopher Duke of Albemarle, leaving no issue by his wife, who was daughter and coheiress 
 of Henry Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, gave her his estates; of which she died possessed 
 28 Aug. 1734, aet. 95, having, secondly, married Ralph, Duke of Montague, whose son and heir 
 by a former wife, John, Duke of Montague, succeeded to this property, leaving two daughters; 
 Isabella, married first to the Duke of Manchester, and secondly to Edward, Earl Beaulieu; and 
 Mary, married to George Brudenel, Earl of Cardigan, afterwards Duke of Montague. Ralph, 
 Duke of Montague, died March gth, ] 708-9. — Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of George 
 Duke of Montague, married, in I767, Henry, Duke of Buccleugh, and had issue a second son, 
 Henry James, now Baron Montague, of Boughton, on whom the honor of Clitheroe was settled, 
 after the decease of the Duchess, his mother. 
 
 * Fleetwood's Antiquity and History of the Dutchy of J^ancaster, MS, p. 36. jQu. whether by act of parliament ? 
 but so Flectwoo<l. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 184 HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. [Book III— Chap. III. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 CASTLE OF CLITHEROE, 
 
 AND 
 
 CHAPEL OF ST. MICHAEL IN CASTRO. 
 
 Xl.AViNGnow traced the several grants, descents, and limitations, of this honor, from its first 
 foundation to the present time, we will return to the Castle of Clitheroe, its seat. 
 
 As the Castellatus Rogeri is expressly mentioned in Domesday, and the Castle of Lancaster 
 was not then in existence, there can be little doubt that Roger of Poitou was the real founder of 
 the Castle of Clitheroe. The summit of the rock on which it stands was not sufficiently extensive 
 to admit of a very spacious building, and nothing more appears to have been intended by the 
 founder, than to provide a temporary retreat for his dependents from the predatory incursions of 
 the Scots, or a temporary residence for himself when business called him to this part of his domains. 
 Of the original castle of Clitheroe nothing is now left but the keep, a square tower of small dimen- 
 sions, which, though much undermined, remains firm as the rock upon which it was erected ; 
 but, from an engraving of the building when entire, taken from a drawing made immediately 
 before it was slighted by order of Parliament, it appears to have had a gateway-tower on the 
 site of the present modern gates, with a round Norman arch, and a lofty flanking-wall running 
 along the brink of the rock, and turning first on the back of the present steward's house, and 
 secondly behind the present court-house, towards the keep. Within this bailey is no appear- 
 ance in the Engraving either of the Chapel of St. Michael, or of any other buildings. 
 
 Coeval with the foundation of the castle, and a part of it, was the Chapel of St. Michael 
 in Castro *, erected and amply endowed by the Founder, with licence of the Dean of 
 Whalley, for the purpose of having Divine Service performed, and the Sacraments admi- 
 nistered to his household servants, shepherds and foresters. This is proved by the important 
 charter of Guy de la Val, the immediate grantee after the attainder of Robert de Lacy, which con- 
 veys to the priory of St. John of Kirkby (Pontefract), amongst other things — " Capellam castri 
 " mei de Clyderhow, cum decimationibus omnium terrarum dominicarum mearum, &c." 
 
 * Our ancestors were extremely attentive to secure to themselves the comforts of religious offices, in situations 
 where they might occasionally, and for a long time, be shut out, as in case of a siege, from their parish cliurches. 
 And the splendor of the religious foundations within their castles kept pace with that of the fortresses to which they 
 were attached. Thus the greater castle had a college, as St. George at Windsor, St. Clement at Pontefract ; the smaller 
 a chantry, as at Clitheroe ; and the peel, or fortified manor, an oratory, by licence of the ordinary. In the greater 
 castles are sometimes found specimens of the round churches, as at Ludlow. 
 
 This
 
 Book III.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF VVHALLF.Y. 185 
 
 This grant * was long contested, but the advowson of the Castle Chapel appears, under 
 every change, to have followed the fortunes of the Mother Church, nor did the founder, 
 or his immediate successors, ever claim the right of presentation. At length, Henry de 
 Lacy granted the second mediety of the Church of Wlialley to the monks of Stanlaw, 
 without any reservation of the Castle Chapel ; yet, upon the death of Peter de Cestria, the last 
 rector, he seems to have repented, in part, of his own liberality, and tliought proper to keep 
 forcible possession of the church till the monks compounded for admission by a constrained 
 surrender of this indisputable right; the people, we are told, crying out, in indignation at so 
 foul a compromise, l^ce vohis Simoniads ! 
 
 Having obtained possession, however, they renewed the claim, and, under two spirited 
 abbots, Topcliffe and Lyndlay, carried on a long and obstinate suit against their successive 
 patrons. Lyndlay, in particular, presented a petition in full parliament, stating the wrongful 
 detention of this Chapel, with its appurtenances, till at length the cause seems to have been 
 finally determined in favour of the Abbey, 39 Ed. HI.-j- Yet, after all, though the transaction 
 was closed in the form of a regular decree of the court, a compromise seems to have taken 
 place; for, in a compotus of the abbey, 1368, I find the following entry, in ult. comp. debetur 
 Duci Lane, pro Capella Castri de Clyderhow ccc/. 
 
 This was at least equivalent to a purchase of the advowson, as the whole income was esti- 
 mated, in the Inquisition of 13II, at \^l. per ann. 
 
 The several particulars of this endowment may best be learned from the confirmation of 
 Urban (4th), which states them to consist in half a carucate of land in Chderhow, together with 
 the tithes of all the demesne lands in Calderbotham, Blackburnshire and Bovvland, particularly 
 specifying the tithe of venison:}:, at that time, perhaps, the best part of the endowment, 
 excepting the glebe, even to a chaplain who was no epicure. The records of this long suit, 
 of which the originals, with their beautiful seals appendant, are now before me §, furnish a 
 complete catalogue of the chaplains of 5*t. Michael, while it was pending. 
 
 * Firfe VVhalley. 
 
 I It is not easy to account for the later proceedings in tliis cause; for I have now hing before me an original 
 release from Edward III. of all his right and claim in this Chapel, dated An. R. Svo. There is a great seal, in fine 
 preservation, appended to this charter. 
 
 X Tithe of venison, however, or indeed any other til he of the forests, was not due of common right, but by special grant ; 
 for this reason, saith Spelman: — "Quod episcopis et par£Echiarum rectoribus ovium cura, non ferai-um dcmandata erat." 
 But by this rule, in order to claim tithe of wo<j1, the Clergy ought to have charge, not of the iiock of Christ, but of the 
 sheep of the field. His next leasonis not so childish : — " Exhorruit neni^je Deus cmentam venationem." — This is true; 
 for every pang that man wantonly, and for his own gratification, adds to the sufferings of a creature agonizing under 
 the prospect of immediate death, is a sin of no common magnitude. But the text, which the learned Etymologist has 
 adduced to establish this truth, proves, rather, "exhorruisse Deum venationem incruentani;" that, as animals pursued 
 by hiuiters might be caught in toils, or c-hased to deatli without a wound, they were in the situation of things strangk-d, 
 and could not lawfully be eaten without a previous effusion of blood. Lev. \\i\. 13. " Evtry moving thing that liveth 
 is given to man for meat." Gen. ix. 3. And where animals can only be caught by huiiiing, and our object i, not 
 gratification from the chace, it is undoubtedly lawful. But the invention of tire-arms ha= made a great revolution in 
 the morality of tield-sports. Unexpected and instantaneous death may now be inflicted, ali-iost to a certainty, upon the 
 poor object of our pursuit ; and, therefore, what was lawful to our forefathers, is become criminal in us. 
 
 § On the division of the demesnes of Whalley Abbey they fell into the hands of the Braildylls ; and on the jiurchase 
 of their moiety of the manor by the Iflte Sir James Whalley Gardiner, Bart, were transfcired among the title deeds 
 to him. 
 
 2B Of
 
 186 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. III. 
 
 Of their jjredecessors we know nothing, save that one was Richard the first of Townley, 
 who held this chapel by the gift of his brother Roger, about the time of the second Lateran 
 council, or 121 5. 
 
 CAPELLANI. VAC. PATRONI. 
 
 Wm de Nunny — — mort. — — Hen. de Lacy, Com. Line. 
 
 „. „ ,, , (FA. 11. ratione attinc. Tho. 
 
 Ric. Caniell — — mort. — — "j ^ t 
 
 L Com. Lane. 
 
 Roger de Lacy — — mort. — — Idem. 
 
 *Ric. de Towneley — — resig. — — Regin. Isabella. 
 
 Job. de Wodehouse — — resig. — — Ead. 
 
 Hen. de Walton — — mort. — — Hen. Dux Lane. 
 
 Jo. de Stafford — — resig. — — Ed. HI. jure regio-f-. 
 
 Ric. de Moseley ; resigns to the 
 Abbot and Convent A.D. 1354. In consequence of this resignation, they seized the whole 
 endowment into their own hands, reducing the Chaplain from an independent and opulent 
 beneficed man, to a mere stipendiary ; besides which, they, together with the Ordinary, ap- 
 pear ;[ to have compelled the Vicar to take upon himself the cure and charge of souls within the 
 Castle Chapelry; in consequence of which the Chapel of St. Michael in Castro is yet assigned 
 in the King's books to the patronage of the Vicar of Whalley. In this state, or nearly so, the 
 Chapel of St. Michael continued till the first of Edward VI. when it fell with the other chan- 
 tries, and has since been so totally demolished, that its particular situation within the area 
 of the Castle is no longer remembered. Some small benefactions, however, it appears to have 
 received in this interval, which were very properly allotted by the Commissioners of chantry 
 lands, at the Dissolution, to the unendowed Chapel of Whitewell, in Rowland. 
 
 In the year 1521 it appears, from the Computus of the Abbey, that the Chaplain of 
 St. Michael in Castro received a stipend of 4/. 
 
 The Castle of Clitheroe, with the demesnes and forests, is, strictly speaking, extra-parochial; 
 and, in consequence of this foundation, the latter are denominated the Castle Parish to the 
 present day ^. 
 
 But as the Forest of Accrington is now included within that Chapelry, and Trawden within 
 Colne, the whole of the Graveships of Rossendale within Newchurch, Haslingden, or Bury, 
 and all the booths of Pendle, except Reedley Hallows, Filly Close, New Laund, and Wheatley 
 Carr, within Colne, Padiham, or New Church in Pendle : these exceptions alone, together with 
 Ightenhill Park, are now termed extra-parochial, and their inhabitants marry at Clitheroe. 
 
 Ightenhill Park, however, was not originally extra-parochial, but parcel of the Chapelry of 
 Burnley. This is proved beyond a doubt, by the Inquisition of the Rectory, A.D. 1298. 
 
 * There is no account of tliis man in the pedigree or charters of the family. 
 
 t On the plea tliat the Duke h:ul alienated the advo^^^on to the Abbey and Convent without the royal licence. 
 
 i See the Letter of William le Wolf, Vicar of Whalley, to the Bishop of Litchfield, his Ordinary, already printed, 
 p. 137. 
 
 § Among the Awheton MSS. I have met with a patent from General Monk, 16 Car. IL constituting Jeremy Web- 
 stei", gent. Custodem et Janitorem Goale et Castri de Clitheroe. 
 
 CHAPPER
 
 Book IN.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. l»7 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 HONOR OF CLITHEROE, 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 FORESTS AND OTHER DEMESNES. 
 
 1 HE Honor dependent upon this Castle is commensurate with no other division, civil or 
 ecclesiastic. It extends over the present parishes of Whalley and Blackburn, which consti- 
 tuted the original Hundred ; over those of Chipping and Ribchester, anciently included in the 
 Hundred of Amunderness ; over Rowland, in the Wapontake of Staincliff ; over the manor of 
 Tottington, within the Hundred of Salford, and over that of Rochdale, partly within the 
 former Wapontake, and partly within Agbridge, in Yorkshire. But it coincides most nearly 
 with the original parish of Whalley, the whole of which it covers, and no where passes the 
 boundaries of it, but to take in the manor of Tottington. Within this extensive tract all manors 
 and estates, of what tenure soever, are held of the Castle of Clitheroe*, the common centre from 
 which all landed property has emanated, and to which, in case of escheat, it must return-^. 
 It has already been proved, that in the Saxon times, manors and townships, or hamlets, were 
 commensurate: it has also been observed, and must now be repeated, that a new and arbitrary 
 distribution of manors has long since taken place, merely for the purpose of accommodating the 
 stewards in holding their courts. Thus, all the original manors within the parishes of Whalley 
 and Bury remaining in the hands of the lords, excepting one or two in the immediate vicinity of 
 Clitheroe^, have been grouped together, without regard to their ancient rights and distinctions? 
 
 * Feoda heredum Com. Lincoln, in Blakeburnesh. (meaning the Lands holden by Military Service). 
 
 Job. de Pounchai-don ten' xii partem feodi mil. in parva Mitten. 
 
 Adam de Blakeburne et Rog. de Arches ten. iv p' f. m. in Wisewall et Hapten. 
 
 Henr. Gedelyng tent x p. f. m. in Townley, Caldecotes, et Snodworth. 
 
 Comes tenuit in manu sua x p' f. m. in dom. in Twistleton. 
 
 Adam de Preston, x pt f. m. in Extwisle. 
 
 Rie. de Mittun, x p. f. m. in Aghton, Merlay, et Livesay. 
 
 Rob. de Cestr. iv' p' f. m. in Downoni, et ile Wm. Marescall x p' in Mereley. 
 
 Hugo de Parva Mereley t' lvi p' in eadem. 
 
 Gilb, f. Henr' x p. f. m. in Ruycheton. 
 
 Ad. de BilKngton t' mediet. P in eadem. 
 
 Heres Hug* de Alvetham t' viii p. f. m, in ead. 
 
 Hugo Fitton t. iv p' feodi in Harewode. 
 
 Henr. de Clayton t' iv p« in eadem. Dodsworth's MSS. and Liber Loci Benedict!. 
 
 Henry Gedelyng must have been a Trustee, and the name an ancient soubriquet, or nickname ; for Gedling, at that 
 time, expressed precisely the same idea with the vulgar Lancashire word " Madlin," at present. It is used by Chaucer 
 for an idle vagabond, 
 
 " That seemed like no gadeling." R. R. 938. 
 
 t Excepting in case of particular grants, which amounts to the same thing. 
 
 J Ex gr. Chatburne and Worston, for which the courts were held at Clitheroe before Edward III. 
 
 and
 
 188 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III,— Chap. IV. 
 
 and are now combined under Col ne, Ightenhill, Accringtnn, and Tottington * ; and the reason 
 of this arrangement was, that in each of these places-|-, and in no others within their circuit, was 
 an ancient manor-house, to which the stewards and liomagers might conveniently resort. To 
 these inferior courts, the copyholders and Wapontake tenants alone owe suit and services ; the 
 lords of manors and freeholders owing suit of court, at the Castle alone ;}:. — Let it be remembered, 
 that each township had originally around it a large tract of comn)on marked out by certain boun- 
 daries. Now, wherever a township was granted out as a manor, the property of the common 
 followed as an appendage, and belonged to the mesne lord ; but where the ancient freehold was 
 merely granted and cantoned out in j)arcels to free tenants, the herbage alone of the common 
 belonged to the freeholder, and no enclosure could take place without permission from the superior 
 lord. These enclosures, however, began, as we have seen, at a very early period, and such 
 lands were always granted in villenage. Agreeably to this representation, the great inquisition, 
 after the death of Henry de Lacy, affords instances, in almost every township, of lands held in 
 bondage: these are of the old copyhold tenure, or copyholds by prescription. But it has been 
 already observed, that, besides the tracts of common, originally appertaining to townships, there 
 was an immense extent of forest lands absolutely unappro])riated, which belonged to the lords 
 merely as derelicts, and which remained nearly in a state of nature till the 23d of Henry VIL 
 when they were successively granted out as cojjyholds ; but this tenure being found insecure in 
 the reign of James L gave rise to a very oppressive attempt at a general resumption of lands so 
 held, and ended in a compromise with the C'rown, ratified by an act of Parliament, confirming 
 and constituting them copyholds of inheritance. This was the origin of the nevvhold, or of 
 copyholds by statute §. I have merely hinted at this transaction here, as it will be detailed 
 hereafter, in order to shew that it is with lands of these two species, their grants, surrenders, 
 admissions, &c. that the above-mentioned courts are concerned. 
 
 Since this Work was printed off, the Assheton MSS. have furnished me with the original 
 Custumale, the Magna Cliarta of Blackburn hire, A. 3 Hen. IV. the usages of which, before 
 that time, seem to have been preserved only by tradition. 
 
 " Haec Indentura facta apud Brunlay die Martis proxime ante festum Purificationis B. Marie 
 Virginis anno regni Regis Henrici Quarti post Conquest' Anglie tercio coram Thoma Radclyf 
 
 * Tlius, to the very destruction of all ancient landmarks, the forests themselves are now included under these 
 factitious manors, viz. Pendle under Ightenhill, Trawden under Colne, and llossendale and Accrington under Ac- 
 crington. Farther, it is to be observed, that copyhold lands are held by copy of court-roll under some specific manor. 
 Wapentake lands are those which hold in vilknage of the Honor of Clitheroe in general. Thus, for example, the 
 manor of Cliviger, as distinct from the grange of ditto, though anciently granted to the Townleys, has been lost ; but 
 on this account it has, wilh other original manors, long since granted out, and still continuing to be held as such, 
 never been included in Ightenhill, or any other of the factitious manors ; but the commons of that township having 
 been claimed by the superior lords on the extinction of the mesne manors, all enclosures from them are granted as 
 VVaponfake lands. 
 
 t I id. Inquisil'wn. punt mart. Uenrij cle Lacy, where a manor-house is expressly mentioned in each of these places, 
 and no-\vhere el.^e. 
 
 J De trihits sfptinuinh ih ^cs seplimanas, in the language of our ancient charters, inquisitions, &c. 
 
 § All the lands held by tenants at will, and not granted ovit at the death of Henry de Lacy, or afterwards, previous 
 to this act, as having not been held t)y copy of court-roll, for lime whereof the memory of man is not to the contrary, 
 undoubtedly belong to the latter tenure.— The titles of all enclosuree subsequent to the said act stand upon the same 
 foundation.
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 189 
 
 de Wimni'legh tunc Senescallo de Blakburnshire, testat' quod ad requisitionem omnium 
 teneiium consuetudin' infra Wapentachium predictum. 
 
 " Inquisicio de consuetudinibus fuit dicto die Mart' et capta fuit certis de causis inter ipsos 
 tenentes metis per sac'um Wilti Mersden, Gilberti del Legh, Joh'is Parker de Ightynyll, 
 Uchtredi Shotilworth, Robti de Blakey, Wilti Foldes, sen. Wilti de Britwissell, Job. Tattsall, 
 
 sen. Ric. Tattsall, sen. Nic. Both del Riley de Hawkyshogb, Jotiis Eliot, et Job. 
 
 del Legb, qui dicunt sup. sacru' suu' quod baec sunt jura et consuetudines sue. Qui tenent 
 aliq' terras et tenementa secundum consuetudine' manii ut de bonore Lincoln, quibus ante- 
 cessores sui a temp, quo non extat memoria usi fuerint ; videli't. Si aliquis tenens terras seu 
 tenementa scdum consuet' manerii inde obierit seizitus, tunc ejus proximus hseres in propria 
 persona sua vel per attornaturn snum veniet infra tria Hahnot' tunc proxime tenend' post 
 obitum superioris tenentis ad faciend' fineni racionabilem cum D"" p. eisdem terr' et tene- 
 ment', si fu'it in Anglia. Et si rectus baeres non veniet et fuerit in Anglia in prop, persona, 
 nee per attornatum, ad faciend. finem cum D"°, et modo debito proclametur 1^, 2^°, et 3", ad 
 tria Halmot' tunc prox. tenend. quod tunc licitum erit D"" per ejus Senescallum dicta terras et 
 tenementa extraneo dimittere, et sicut dicunt, quod rectus haeres pro se et heredibus suis 
 clameum suum in perpetuum amittet. 
 
 " It"", dicunt quod post obitum sive decessuni alicujus tenentis seiziti per virgam, cujus 
 terre et tenementa sic tenentur I)"'* secundum consuet™ p'dictam, ilia terre et tenementa de- 
 scendent de herede ad beredem prout terre et tenementa liberorum tenentium per communem 
 legem Anglie descendunt. 
 
 " It", dicunt quod licitum erit cuilibet tenenti ter' et ten* scdum cons' man' per suum 
 custodem in curiam et manu' D"' sursum reddere ad opus cnjuscunque voluerit, ac eciam ea 
 vendere et alienare cuicunque sibi viderit melius expedire, necnon ea recipere et finem pro 
 eisdem cum D"" per ejus Senesc™ facere, et cum necesse fuerit in eadem curia pro eisdem 
 respondere. 
 
 " It", dicunt quod quilibet talis tenens potest in manus D™ sursum reddere ter' et ten' sua 
 quae tenet secundum consuetudinem manerii ad opus cnjuscunque sibi placuerit in praesentia 
 Senescalli D"' ib'm, tam in curia quam extra curiam, ac ecia' in absencia Senescalli in manum 
 Praepositi ib'm, vel in manum alicujus vicini sui ad proximum Halmot' ult'ius tenend'. 
 
 " It", dicunt quod illi ad quorum opus t'lia sive tenementa sic tenentur de D"° scdu" 
 consuet' man' sursum red' sive per vendicione' sive per descensum, finis inde quem facient 
 cum D"° erit — vid* cum D"" duplicabunt (firmam) unius anni ad maximum, nisi graciam meli- 
 orem inde babuerit de D"" vel Sen° loci. 
 
 " It", dicunt quod nulla mulier babebit dotem, nisi solummodo de illis ter' et tenement' de 
 quibus erit maritus seizitus per virgam curie. 
 
 " It", dicunt quod null us extraneus per minas veniens inter tenentes D"' scd'm consuet' 
 man'ii vertens in auxilium sibi per qu'situm sive conductum de generosis patrie ad iniplacitand' 
 aliquem vel aliquos tenent' p'dictorum in Halmot D""' de Blakburnsb^-re ad aliquod implacitum 
 in eisdem intrandum versus tenent. p'dict', vel alique' eor' per Senesc. loci vel ejus locum 
 tenentem ullo motlo receptus erit. 
 
 " It", dicunt quod custos alicujus tenentis terras et ten. de D"° scd'm c'suet' etsi infra aetatem 
 existet ipse idem custos erit computato primo cum veiierit ad a?tat. xv annorum, et in boc 
 consu. man' sequitur communem legem Anglie. 
 
 " It"
 
 190 HISTORY OF WIIALLtY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 " It™, dicunt quod si quis tenens D"' sec. consuet' mtin'ii obierit et seizitus habuerit plures 
 filias, omnia t're et ten' de quibus pater illarum obierit seizitus erunt equaliter partita cuilibet 
 sororum illarum, sic* filie lib'or' tenent' h'ent scd'm co'em legem Anglie. 
 
 " It™, dicunt quod nulla Esson. jacet in Halmot inter ter' et ten' [in it' alias ptes] in quovis 
 placito. 
 
 " It™, * dicunt quod si contingat quod Rotuli Halmotorum sive Wapentache de Blackburn- 
 shyre sint perditi negligencia vel aliquo alio modo per Senescallos vel eorum clericos, in quibus 
 quidem aliquis finis de ter*et ten* tentis deD"° sc'dum cons, man' [p'd'tas et timebant r] quod si 
 recti heredes tal' tenent. qui fines fecerant voluerint petere inquisitionem, xii homines de 
 
 tenentibu' D°' ad inquirend' utrum fines facti fuerint per antecessores suos, necne ; et 
 
 si inveniatur, quod tunc heredes eorum p. racionabili fine inde cu' 13°° faciend' erunt recepti 
 cora' Senl" loci. 
 
 " It™, dicunt quod bene liceat cuilibet tenent. sec' cons™ pdictam omnia terras et ten' sua 
 quae tenet de D"° scdum cons, pdictam, ad firmam dimittere racionabili tenenti abque fine 
 aliquo modo cum D"° faciendo. 
 
 " It' die' q'^ licitu' e' eisdem tenentibus recipe' et h'ere arbores et subboscu' crescent' sup' le 
 Costom Land infra tenura' ppa' ad rep'acione' domoru' et sepiu' suoru' edificat' et edificand' sup' 
 ten'tis suis de Costom Land, quotiens et quum oportuerit. 
 
 " It' die' q"^ quilibt talis tenes de jure h'ere debet infr' le Fens de Penhill a festo S'c'i Michis 
 Arch'i usq. ad festu' Pentecost t'nc px sequens unu' jumentu' p. iinc?. et duo ani'a p. iid. 
 D"" solvend'. 
 
 " It' die' q'' quilib* talis tene's h'eret liberacionem p. forestariu' D™ de Penhill, Rossyndale, 
 
 et Trowden Accrington ad domos suas quociens et de foeno et Risshes solvend' 
 
 p. plaustrato id. 
 
 " In quibu' omn' consented testimonium jurator. p'dict necnon Thomas 
 
 de RadclifF, Senescallus die anno et loco huic Sigilla sua apposuimus." 
 
 To the honor of Clitheroe anciently belonged these officers-)-, whose fees were as follows : 
 
 Receiver of the Honor — — — — 
 
 Master Forester of Blackburnshire — — — 
 
 Master Forester of Rowland — — — — 
 
 Steward of Blackburnshire — — — — 
 
 Constable of Clitheroe Castle — — — — 
 
 Porter of the Castle — — — — — 3 
 
 Keeper of Radholine park — — — - 
 
 Lastly, Grantees of the bailiwick from Henry, earl, afterwards duke of Lancaster, by charter 
 dated 25th Edward III. These were the abbot and convent of Whalley, Gilb, de la Leigh, 
 John de Alvetham, and Rich, de Tunlay, whose representatives still continue to exercise this 
 office by deputy ; and the Towneley family, so late as the year 1687;}:, and perhaps later, con- 
 
 * This may seem to have been dictated by a foresight almost prophetical. See the next paragraph, 
 t Serjeant Fleetwood's MS account of the Duchy of Lancaster, &c. 
 } From original paper.'? j'en. Auct. 
 
 tinued 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 4
 
 Book I ir.— Chap. I V.J HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 191 
 
 tinned to enumerate, in settlements, &c. not a moiety, but two fourth parts of the bailiwick 
 of Biackburnshire, one for De la Leigh, and another for Townley. 
 
 Of this curious grant, yet extant in the Coucher Book of Whalley, the following is an 
 extract, as the whole would be too long for transcription: — " Ceste endenture fait entre le 
 noble Seigneur Henry Counte de Lancastre, Derbie & Leicestre, & senescalle de Angleterre 
 d'une Pte. & I'Abbe & convente de Whalley, Gilbert de Leigh, Johan. de Alvetham, et Ric. de 
 Tunlay d'autre Pte. tesmoigne q' le dit Counte ad done 6c graunte & per ceste presente chartre 
 endente conferme ad ditz abbf & convente & lors successeurs & as ditz Gilberte, Johan. et Ric. 
 & a lors Heires, la Bailie del Wapontake de Blakborneshyre, & tous les profits, comoditez & 
 tous autres appurtenaunces a la dite Bailie regardauntz ; cest assavoir q' les ditz abbe & covente 
 & lors successeur, Gilberte, Johan. & Ric. & lors Heires trouverent un home a cheval & deaux 
 a pie de y estre Bailifs affair I'ottice que a la dite Baillie appartient, les queaux ferront psents, 
 de an. en an. p. eaux, lours successeurs et lours Heires devaunt le senescalle de dit Counte ou 
 de les Heires q' per le temps serra a la p'scheyne Court tenue a Clyderhowe, apres le fest de 
 St. Michel I'archangel, et servientez de fair toutz choses quieuz atteignent a la dit Bailie, 
 nominement des rents, fines, & des amerciaments pvantz. les putures deniz la dit Bailie aussi 
 entierement come les Bailiffs quieux furent en temps Mons. Henry de Lacy jadys Counte de 
 
 Nichole priserent deniz le purecynte de la Bailee, hors pris les Tenaunts de dit Counte q' 
 
 teignent de ly a volunte queu.x avaunt ces hours ne soyent (grauntez) puture donner," &c. — 
 Couch. Book, p. 58. 
 
 Of the Master Foresters of Biackburnshire, though several names will occur in the following 
 narrative, I am not able to give any connected list. The office itself appears to have existed 
 from the origin of the Honor, and to have determined with the commission of approvement 
 in the 23d Hen. VH. 
 
 The necessary intervention of the Senescalls or Stewards, in all legal transactions between 
 the lords and their tenants, has rendered it no difficult task to exhibit a pretty complete suc- 
 cession of names in their office, which appears for several centuries to have been an object of 
 ambition -to the first families of the county; but which, about a century ago, began to be 
 entrusted to common agents resident upon the place, for which reason the series is not continued 
 beyond that period. 
 
 The following catalogue, from Gilbert de Clifton, has been extracted from a valuable col- 
 lection of local MSS. at Browsholme, with some additional names inserted in their proper 
 places. The foregoing names I have collected from charters without date, and cannot therefore 
 undertake to settle their relative places with exactness. 
 
 Senescalli de Blackburnshire. 
 
 Adam de Dutton, temp. Rog. et Job. de Lacy*. 
 
 Robertus de Cancia, 1^ iiji -u.^^/. 
 
 ' > temp. Joh. de Lacy, qui ob. 1240. 
 
 Alanus Clericus, J 
 
 Nicholas de Burton. 
 Willielmus de Burch. 
 
 •* This Adam de Dutton is one of the witnesses to the foundation charter of Stanlaw, A.D. 117S ; and a Dominus 
 Adam occurs as steward in charters of John de Lacy, who succeeded A. D. 12 U : so that, if both these names design 
 the same person, which 1 believe, he must have held the office at least 33 years. 
 
 Gilbertus
 
 193 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap IV. 
 
 Gilbertus de Hocton. 
 Henricus de Torboc. 
 
 16 
 
 ej- 
 
 22 
 
 ej- 
 
 32 
 
 ej- 
 
 32 
 
 «J- 
 
 34 
 
 ej. 
 
 10 
 
 Ed, If, 
 
 17 
 
 ej- 
 
 (J Ed. III. 
 
 Gilbertus de Clifton, 3 Ed. I. 
 
 Adam de Blackburn, miles 12 ejusd. 
 
 Henric. de Kighley, 
 
 Robertus de Hepple, 
 
 Simon de Balderston, 
 
 Edmundus Talbot, 
 
 Robertus Sherburne, 
 
 Johannes de Midliope, 
 
 Willielmus de Tatham, 
 
 Rich, de Radcliffe, 
 
 Willielmus de Tatham, ad I3 ej. 
 
 Johannes de Radcliffe, ad 22 ej. 
 
 Willielmus Laurence, ad 27 ej. 
 
 Ric. de Radcliffe, et "j 
 
 n , J c- 1 ^ > cumeopro eo an. 
 
 Rob. de Smgleton, J ^ 
 
 Idem ad 38 ej. 
 
 Godfr. Foljambe, eod. anno. 
 
 Ric. de Tovvneley, a 59 ad 46 ej. 
 
 Gilb. de la Leigh, 49 ej. 
 
 Tho. Radcliffe, 8 Ric. IL, 
 
 Joh. de Poole, 9 ej. 
 
 Tho. Radcliffe 10 ej. 
 
 Robertus Urswick, l6ej. 
 
 Hen. Hoghton, 12 Hen. IV. 
 
 Joh. Stanley, mil. 8 Hen. VI. 
 
 Ric. Tunstal, mil. 38 ejusd. 
 
 Tho. Dns. Stanley, a 3 ad 19 Ed. IV. 1 
 
 Tho. Comes Derbie, ad 19 Hen. VII. J 
 
 Petrus Legh, mil. a 21 ej. ad 2 Hen. VIIJ'. 
 
 Ric. Temjiest, mil. ad 28 ejusd. 
 
 Tho. Clifford, mil. 30 ejusd. 
 
 Arthur D'Arcy, mil. 36 ejusd. ad 4 Ed. VI. 
 
 Tho. Talbot, mil. 1 Phil, et Mar. 
 
 Tho. Talbot, mil. ■) 
 
 Joh. Tovvneley, arm. J J " ' 
 
 Joh. Tovvneley, arm. a 1 Eliz. ad ejusd.. 
 
 Ric. Molineaux, arm. a 24 ej. ad 36. 
 
 Willielmus Assheton, arm. 39 ejusd. 
 
 Ric. Molineaux, mil. 1 , ,.,. . . ,-, t 
 
 . ' >a 42LI1Z. ad r)Car. I. 
 
 Ric. Vic. Molineaux, 3 
 
 Jacobu!
 
 BooKlII.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 193 
 
 Jacobus Dns. Straiifre, ") , ^ ^-i 
 
 Johannes Byron, mil. Joaln. J 
 Nicholas Assheton, arm. 1653. 
 Andrew Holden, gen. "l 1656* 
 
 John Lawe, gen. J 165S 
 
 Caryl vicecom. Molineaux, 14 Car. II. 
 Joh. Baynes, arm. 26 t 
 
 27 j^i"'''- 
 
 ■ Tho. Stringer, mil. S3 ejusd. ad 1 Jac. II. 
 Anth. Parker, arm. 2 Gul. et Mar. 
 Tho. Coulthurst, arm. 4 Ann. 
 
 FORESTS. 
 
 Anb Sepe jepexen 
 
 putJa jrejrepn mycel 
 
 puniaS on Sam picum 
 
 pilt5a beojx monije 
 
 In t>copa balum 
 
 Deojia unjejxim, Vet. Poem. Sax. ap. Hickes Thes. Vol. I. p. 178. 
 
 Before we enter upon a particular survey of the forests of Blackburnshire and Bowland, it 
 may not be uninteresting to give a short abstract of the laws and customs of our ancient forests 
 in general. 
 
 The word forest -{-, in its original and most extended sense, implied a tract of land lying 
 out, (foras) that is rejected, as of no value in the first distribution of property ; but, though 
 immense quantities of ground, falling under this description, undoubtedly subsisted in England 
 from the earliest times ; though the whole country of Deira, or Deojialonb, may be consi- 
 dered as one immense forest ; though, from the name of those beautiful animals with which 
 they were filled, and the coverts with which they abounded, our Saxon ancestors had long 
 distinguished these retreats by the names of Bucholc and Deoppalt? |, there is no clear evi- 
 dence to prove that they were reserved for the peculiar recreation of our monarchs, and still 
 less, that they were placed under a distinct code of laws, before the reign of Canute, who, in 
 A.D. 1016, promulgated the Const it utlones de Foresta^. 
 
 * During the Usurpation. After the Restoration, Holclen was continued as Deputy. About the same time I meet 
 with a Tho. Forster, esq. calling himself lord of the manor of Ightenhill, and Edm. Stephenson, gent, his steward. 
 
 f Manwood, who wrote upon this picturesque and curious subject with no taste, and with all the pedantiy of his 
 age, gravely proves that there were forests in Judea, from Ps. l. 10. — " All the beasts of the forest are mine." — 
 When men have long been confined to the professional use of terms, it ne\er seems to occur to them that they have a 
 more popular and extended signification. 
 
 + These are also proper names of two of our forests, one in Hampshire and Wiltshire, the other in Shropshire. 
 Topogvapheis reckon GO forests in England, but the enumeration is far from being complete. 
 
 § Lord Coke, Inst. 4. 3'20, expresses a doubt .villi respect to the genuineness of these constitutions, because they 
 are no where referred to in the general laws of Canute, and because the 30th constitution of the former is inconsistent 
 with cap. 77 of the latter j as if the virtual alteration, and even repeal, of a former statute by a later, aflforded a pre- 
 
 52 C sumption
 
 194 . HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 In these constitutions, therefore, we have tlic first outhne of that singular system, which, 
 from the anxiety of the first Norman princes to secure to themselves the envied pleasures of 
 the chace, afterwards became very artificial ; which is now very picturesque and amusing 
 indeed to us, who view the apparatus of it at a distance ; but was oppressive and cruel, in an 
 high degree, to those who had the misfortune to live within its grasp. 
 
 By these laws, the supreme jurisdiction over the forests of England was committed to 
 four Thegenes (thains or principal barons) ; an inferior authority delegated to four Lesthegeues 
 (homines mediocres, or lesser barons) ; and the immediate custody of each entrusted to two 
 T'memen (minuti homines) ; whose office it was to guard, by nightly watches, against offences 
 of vert and venison. 
 
 The sanctions of this code were chiefly pecuniary ; savmg, that in two cases, first of having 
 offered violence to one of the four great thanes, and, secondly, of having slain a staggon, or royal 
 beast, the free man forfeited his liberty, and the slave his life. 
 
 The supreme administration of the forests, however, fell by degrees into the hands of one 
 
 sumption against the authenticity either of the one or the other. But for what purpose should they be fabricated ? I 
 will make the most favourable supposition for Lord Coke's hypothesis — namely, that they were devised for the purpose 
 of confi'onting an early and merciful code with the sanguinary system of forest laws, which pre\ailed after the Con- 
 quest. But this opinion is encumbered with insuperable difficulties j for, 1st, these constitutions, like the other 
 acknowledged laws of Canute, have been written in Danish : this is proved by the many Danish words, which the 
 Translator has actually left interspersed with his own version ; and which, though many of them are so corrupted as to 
 be unintelligible in their present form, are yet caj)able of a good sense by slight literal alterations. 
 
 2d. I recollect no instances of forgeries after the Conquest, but of charters, and those by monks, and for their own 
 advantage : these, moreover, were in Latin ; because the Normans either did not understand their Saxon evidences, or 
 treated them with contempt. 
 
 The barons, and even secular clergy, being more illiterate, were less inventive, and therefore less to be suspected 
 of such fabrications. 
 
 Again, during the first reigns after the Conquest, our countrymen groaned, rather than remonstrated, under the 
 tyranny of the Forest Laws: it is not probable, therefore, that sucli an instrument would be fabricated before it was 
 wanted, and might be pleaded with some effect. 
 
 But in the reign of John, though the Saxon cliaracters were* generally in use, and though the dialect of the time 
 was a semi-Saxon, it would ha\ e been difficult to find e\ en a monk wlio could have written the language of the laws of 
 Canute. 
 
 Lastly, in these laws the wolf is spoken of as actually existing ; which, though we know it was, not only in the 
 time of Canute, but for a considerable time after the Conquest, yet it only subsisted in remote parts of the Island ; and 
 it is almost certain that a monkish falsary of later days, better acquainted with chronicles than facts in Natural History, 
 would have acquiesced in the common opinion of the extinction of wolves by Edgar. Once for all, as we shall have 
 frequent occasion to differ on the subject of legal antiquities with Lord Coke, it may be necessary to say, that though 
 he greatly affected this species of knowledge, he was, in fact, a po(jr etymologist, and a worse critic, even in his own 
 science. His understanding was clear and acute, rather than comprehensive; and having narrowed the attention of 
 his whole life to a single point, the common law, he became, of course, a consummate master of it. Among those 
 who rise to the highest ranks in his profession, it may be remarked that there are persons of two descriptions ; the first 
 consisting of men, who by the compass and universality of their talents, attain to great eminence in other sciences, at 
 the same time that they illustrate and adorn their own : such were More, Bacon, Hyde, Hale, Murray, Blackslone. 
 The next is made up of those who, wanting the illumination of native genius, and the polish of acquired literature, with 
 gi-eat knowledge and nuuh praciicnl usefulness in their own jieculiar walk, are only to be considered as a more dignified 
 fpecics of attornies — and such appears to have been Lord Coke. 
 
 » Some of them are oec.isionally fouiiil in MSS (not in charters) as low as the reign of Edward III. or perhaps lower. Tlie conve- 
 nient and compendious character b was, 1 believe, the last. 
 
 chief
 
 BOOK Iir.— Chap. IV] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. l»$ 
 
 chief justiciary, till, in the year II84, Henry II. divided the forests of England into two 
 jurisdictions, North and South of Trent, which gave rise to the two itinera, or ei/res, still 
 nominally subsisting. Over each of these he placed four justices ; vis. two clerks and two 
 knights, together with two servants of his own household, as wardens, overall the other foresters. 
 
 Each of these itinera, however, gradually fell back under the jurisdiction of one. 
 
 But, after the Conquest, a much more material alteration took place in the internal govern- 
 ment of the forests, by which a man, even a free man, trespassing against the king's venison, 
 was condemned to a punishment worse than death, namely, mutilation and loss of eyes; a 
 penalty which, from the assizes of Hen, I. and Ric. I. appears to have been inflicted with no 
 sparing hand. 
 
 To return, the constitution of the forests being thus fixed by Henry II. we find their 
 officers, under the chief justices, to have consisted of the wardens, now first introduced, of 
 foresters, verdurers, regarders, agisters, woodwards, sometimes called woodreeves and bedels, 
 whose respective offices are ascertained with great exactness in the old writers on this subject. 
 
 Forests were generally exempt from the operation of both civil and ecclesiastical law: they 
 belonged, in strictness, to no parish, hundred, county, or diocese ; and accordingly they had 
 pleas of their own, greater and less. The former held every third year, by the chief justice or 
 his deputy : the latter, that of Sicainmote, which carries its inferior rank and rustic character 
 in the name, summoned thrice in every year. Besides these was a court of attachment, sub- 
 ordinate to both the former. 
 
 The pervading principle of forest law was essentially different, either from humanity or 
 general policy — ^4deo ut (says the Black Book of the Exchequer) quod per leges forestce factum 
 fuerit, nonjusturn absolute, sedjustum secundum leges for estoe dicitur ; and what was worse, 
 the rule and measure even of this factitious justice was the arbitrium solius r^egis, vel cujuslibet 
 familiariutn ad hoc specialiter deputati. We may, therefore, cease to wonder that, under 
 a system like this, it was equally criminal to lop an holly and to fell an oak ; or that it was 
 even more penal to kill a stag than to murder a man. 
 
 Forests are either natural, such as have been above described, or factitious ; for it veas held 
 a branch of ancient prerogative in the kings of England to afforest, under certain forms, at 
 pleasure, the lands of the subject, for their own sovereign amusement. 
 
 This formidable right, however, appears to have been rarely exercised. Never, perhaps, 
 but in two instances, by William the Conqueror, in afforesting great part of Hampshire ; and 
 by Henry VIII. in creating the forest of Hampton Court. The latter, however, seems to have 
 comprehended little but lands previously belonging to the Crown. But the wide and unfeeling 
 devastation committed by the former was followed by an awful lesson to those who pervert 
 the first principles of justice and mercy for their own brutal gratification; since, in a tract 
 where he had made the blood of man to be lightly regarded, in comparison with that of beasts, 
 three of his own immediate descendants actually shed their own blood in the pursuit of these 
 very animals*. 
 
 * These enormities frequently drew heavy complaints from the historians and other writers of those times ; out of 
 which, for the Reader's amusement, rather than to excite his compassion, I will select one from Joh. Sarisb. in his 
 Polycraticoii -. — "A novalibus, sui arcentur agricolse, dum ferae habeant vagandi libertatem : illis, ut augeantur, pra?dia 
 " siibtrahuntur agricolis; cum pascua armentariis et gregariis, turn alvearia Ji floralibus excluduut, ipsis quoque 
 
 " a])ibue
 
 l&G HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 But though succeeding kings, as Henry II. Richard I. and John, never ventured upon acts of 
 similar devastation, that is, never afforested in a manner equally oppressive with that of the 
 Conqueror, yet, without absolutely depopulating villages, destroying inclosures, or extending 
 the utmost rigour of the Forest Laws beyond their former bounds, they enlarged far and wide 
 the limits of the forests themselves ; and this, among other grievances, provoked the barons 
 (who, to do justice to their humanity, were not the principal sufferers) to extort from King 
 John the first charter of the forests, in which the deforestation of all these recent additions 
 to the ancient forests was expressly stipulated ; but, before the necessary regulation took effect, 
 the king died, and nothing material was done till the 9th Hen. III. when a second charter, to 
 the same effect, having been extorted from his necessities, orders were given that inquisitions 
 should be held, and perambulations made, in order to distinguish the lands afforested by the 
 late kings, from old and rightful forests. — Little, however, in the remoter parts of the kingdom 
 especially, was done to this effect, through the remainder of that long reign *. 
 
 But, in the beginning of the reign of Edward I. the work was seriously undertaken. A 
 commission was issued, under the great seal, to cause all the true and ancient forests to be 
 mered and bounded by certain land- marks ; — all newly afforested lands to be severed from 
 the former, and the boundaries of each to be returned into the Court of Chancery -|-. 
 
 And these lands, so disforested, were called Pourallees, or Purlieus, from Fr. pourallde, a 
 perambulation ; yet, notwithstanding all these steps, as lands of this peculiar description had 
 never been completely afforested, so they were never considered by the lawyers as entirely 
 restored to their original rights ; but, as partaking of a middle nature and constitution between 
 free and forest land, and were therefore placed under certain laws and regulations peculiar to 
 themselves. 
 
 But this wise and excellent prince rendered a much more essential service to English 
 liberty by his general confirmation of the Carta de Foresta, in which all the arbitrary and 
 all the sanguinary parts of the old code were abolished at once ; and it was expressly declared, 
 "that no English subject shall henceforward lose life or limb for any trespass of vert or venison; 
 but, if any one be convicted of killing the king's deer, he shall be sentenced to pay an heavy 
 mulct; which if he cannot discharge, he shall he in prison one year; after which, if he be 
 unable to find pledges, he shall abjure the realm;}:." This surpassed even the Saxon law in cle- 
 mency^ and moderation. 
 
 " apibus vix naturali libertate uti pennissuin est." — The first part of tliis complaint is rational, but tlie latter puerile 
 and trifling. 
 
 Tlie writer had probably never asked himself by what mode of enclosure, oi' by what act of prerogative, hive-bees 
 could be shut out from the flowers of the forest. But truth is an ingredient equally necessary in good rhetoric 
 and in good morals. 
 
 * Carta de Foresta. 9 Hen. III. 
 
 f Assize and Const. Forest. . 6 Edw. 1. et seq. 
 
 X Spelman in \oce Foresta. 
 
 § Excessive severity always leads to the contrary extreme ; and accordingly, the royal forests have long been 
 undisturbed retreats of poachers and deer-stealers. But, wliile I am writing this, a bill is brought into Parliament for 
 the better preservation of game in the King's forests, of which the principal enactment is to punish persons poaching in 
 the forests in the same manner with those who are convicted of that offence on prirrUe grounds. So that it now requires 
 additional rigour to put these parts of the royal domains upon a fooiing which tlie Norman princes would have 
 encountered a rebellion rather than have consented that they should be reduced to. 
 
 Our
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 
 
 197 
 
 Our next inquiry will be into the animals which these laws had for their object to 
 protect. 
 
 It were a tedious and pedantic task to pursue the old foresters through all the barbarous terms 
 by which they distinguished beasts of venery or chace, their haunts, foot-marks, excrements, 
 and other particulars equally unimportant*. 
 
 But the two following extracts, one from the Cons. Canuti, A. D. 1016, and the other from 
 Dame Juliana Berners, authoress of the Black Book of St. Alban's, who flourished about 
 148o, will shew, in general, what was the nature of this distinction, and also how little ao-reed 
 foresters of different periods were among themselves, with respect to the particular objects of it. 
 
 By Const. Can. 24, the staggon, or stag, alone is considered as the true ferajbrestce, or beast 
 of venery : he is otherwise denominated, by way of eminence, Jera regalis ; and by Const. 27, 
 in the same collection, it is declared, " Quod sunt aliae bestise, quae, dum inter septa et sepes 
 " forestae continentur, emendationi subjacent, quales sunt Capreoli, Lepores, Cuniculi : sunt et 
 " alia quaniplurima animalia, quse, quanquam intra septa forestae viviint et curae mediocrium 
 " subjacent, forestae tamen nequaquam censeri possunt, qualia sunt, Bubali, Vaccae, et similia. 
 " Vulpes et Lupi nee forestae nee venationis habentur, et proind^ eorum interfectio nuUi emen- 
 " dationi subjacet ; Aper vero, quanquam forestae sit, nullatenus tamen animal venationis haberi 
 " est assuetum-j~." 
 
 We will now hear the Prioress of Sopewell deliver her scientific precepts :- 
 
 " My dere sones wher ye fare by Frith or by Fell 
 
 Take gode hede in hys tyme, how Tristrem| will tell : 
 
 Ffour maner Bestes of Venery ther are 
 
 The first of hem is a Hart, the second is an Hare, 
 
 The Boor is one of tho 
 
 The Wolf and no mo : 
 And wherso ye come in Playe or in Place, 
 Nowe I shal tel you which be Bestes of Chace, 
 On of the' a Buck, another a Doo, 
 The Fox and the Martyn, and the wilde Roo, 
 And ye shal, my dere Sones, other Bestes all 
 Wherso ye finde, Rascals hem call 
 
 In Frith or in Fell 
 
 Or in Forest I you tell. 
 
 Without attempting to reconcile differences in opinion, or rather in language, which a 
 revolution of five centuries had produced, we will now leave the king and the lady to adjust 
 these points between themselves. 
 
 * The curious Reader, however, is referred, for all these particulai's, to Maawood. — For. Laws, c. 4. 
 
 t In this constitution 1 discover the passage alluded to by the solicitor-general St. John, in his inhuman speech at 
 the trial of the Earl of Strafford. " We give law," said that unfeeling accuser, " to hares and deer, because they are 
 tjeasts of chace ; but we give no law to wolves and foxes, because they are beasts of prey, but knock them on the head 
 wherever we find them." — Clarend. Hist. Reb. fol. ed. vol. I. p. 183. 
 
 X " Sir Tristram, an ancient forester, in his worthy Treatise of Hunting." — Maawood. 
 
 For,
 
 19» HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 For, indeed, which were beasts of venery, and which of chace, is to us a matter of small 
 importance ; but, as some of these animals in the royal forest have long been extinct, while 
 others, perhaps less likely to sustain themselves asrainst the strength and cunning of man, are 
 yet remaining; as a new and beautiful species appears to have been introduced at an uncertain 
 period ; and as it is always a pleasing exercise of the understanding to investigate the causes 
 which produce important changes in animated nature, we will now attempt to assign a few 
 probable reasons for these circumstances. 
 
 First, then, in the earlier periods of society *, the bulky and timid quadrupeds, which minister 
 to the sustenance of man, if not taken under his protection, are the first which fall under his 
 ravages. 
 
 To tliis class belonged a gigantic species of deer-|-, which became extinct in England too 
 early to be noticed even in the laws of Canute : to this also belongs the stag, together with 
 the bubalus, or wild bull, of which the last continues in some ancient parks, while the former, 
 though more numerous, is yet rapidly decreasing. 
 
 These were the first and easiest prej' of savages, because their haunts were easily discovered, 
 their swiftness was greater than their sagacity, their strength easy to be subdued by perse- 
 verance, and their powers of resistance almost nothing. 
 
 In the same class must be ranked a smaller tribe ; the Capreoli, Lepores, CunicuU, of 
 Canute's Constitutions ; of the two former of which it may reasonably be asked, why, with 
 much greater swiftness, though less sagacity, the first is, within little more than two centuries, 
 become extinct in England, while the second every where abounds. 
 
 Both, we see, were alike placed under that partial protection of man, which was intro- 
 duced by the Forest Laws, and is still continued in unenclosed manors or chaces ; but the one 
 did not want, and the other disdained to accept, the closer protection of a park ; for it is 
 scarcely possible to impound an animal which can bound almost twenty feet perpendicular :{:. 
 
 * No feet contributes more, in my mind, to verify the Mosaic history, than the account given in Gen. iv. 2. by 
 which the sheep appears to have been placed under the protection of man from the beginning. Nothing but inspiration, 
 or what is the same tiling, specific instructions from the Almighty, could have directed the attention of a creature so 
 helpless and ignorant as man then was, to another creature so totally devoid of strength, swiftness, and sagacity, before 
 the latter had perished from the earth. Beasts of prey were guided by a swifter impulse, and would have discovered its 
 relish long before he had learned its uses. Our old unthinking historians tell us, that Henry I. stocked his park of 
 Woodstock with panthers, ounces, leopards, &c. never considering what was to become of its gentler inhabitants. 
 But immediately after the Creation, or rather the Fall, the world itself, though upon a larger scale, must have been 
 nearly in the same state. I suppose, therefore, that in some instances, like the present, specific instructions were 
 given to man ; and in others, a particular Providence watched, for a season, over the feebler animals. 
 
 t This animal, of whose existence in England there is no evidence but that of its gigantic horns, of which 
 several pairs have been found in Lancashire (Leigh, p. 184, &c. &c.), is mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis, as remaining 
 in Ireland in his time. He describes it as of the shape of a stag, and the bulk of an ox. I have not the work of 
 Giraldus at present to refer to ; but am certain of the fact, as he reports it : and his account is confirmed by the 
 great number of horns and skeletons belonging to that animal, which are found in Ireland. Leigh called the horns 
 which he has engraven, in his History of Lancashire, those of the Canadian stag ; by which, I suppose, he meant 
 the elk, whose horns, however, aie palraated ; and thence too, with his usual sagacity, he inferred the universality of 
 a Deluge. AS if an indigenous animal, extinct in his time, could not have died in a Lancashire bog. 
 
 X In Leland's time the roe remained in the marches of Wales: at present it is found in no part of the Island, but 
 in the highlands of Scotland ; and at Blair, in Athol, where the breed most abounds, it is seen indiscriminately within 
 the park and without, passing and re-passing the pales at pleasure. 
 
 The
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 199 
 
 The roe and hare, therefore, were necessarily left to take their chance for life, together, 
 in the forest or in the field. But an animal like the former, bringing forth once a year, and 
 at most two at a birth, did little more than provide for a succession of its species against the 
 contingence of natural death, in a secure and protected state. Placed, therefore, out of that 
 protection, it could only have subsisted, at least in populous districts, by means of a quality 
 which it did not possess, namely, sagacity added to swiftness ; while the other, by producing 
 three, or sometimes four together, perhaps, too, by the singular property of superfoetation *, 
 multiplies much faster; and by the acuteness of its hearing, and the rotundity of its eye, 
 together with its habits of vigilance and universal caution, though otherwise helpless in its^elf, 
 and very partially protected by man, preserves its species, undiminished, in the midst of enemies. 
 The bulk of the roe, too, which rendered it a better mark and more difficult to be concealed, 
 was another unfavourable circumstance. 
 
 The third, and most helpless of these animals, the rabbit, is obviously preserved, partly 
 in consequence of having been made property, and partly by its own instinctive habit of 
 subterraneous concealment. 
 
 But, after the time of Canute, another species of deer seems to have been introduced, of 
 which, though it is become the most numerous of the whole genus, the great ornament of our 
 parks and forests, and even yet the second luxury of our tables, the history is very obscure : 
 this is the common fallow deer ; with respect to which, it is really extraordinary, that so 
 accurate and well-informed a zoologist as Mr. Pennant -|- should acquiesce in the common 
 opinion, that the spotted kind were brought from Bengal, and the brown from Norway to 
 Scotland by James I. at the time of his marriage. This opinion must of course bring down the 
 introduction of the first variety to a later period than the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope: 
 whereas the species was unquestionably found in England two centuries before. I will now 
 state what has occurred to me upon the subject, not as being at all satisfactory, but in order to 
 invite a more accurate investigation. 
 
 In the squire of low degree, which is alluded to by Chaucer, in the rhyme of Sir Thopas, 
 and is probably not long anterior to his time, we find merely this enumeration of forest-beasts, 
 harte and hynde, and other like ; but in the romance of St. Degore, which is supposed by 
 Mr. Warton^ to be contemporary with the former, 
 
 5ror to Ijunt for a Dere or a Do. 
 
 This may be referred to the end of Edward II. or beginning of his son's reign. 
 
 A little after, we find the following passage in the romance of IIii)pomedon§. 
 
 5iPPomcDoa Ijc, toitlj ])i^ l^ounDe.si tljcoo, 
 ®rcto Ooton botlj 2?ucii onD ©oo. 
 
 * This fact is denied by Mons. Buffon, but asserted by our countryman Sir Thomas Browne, a man not inferior 
 to the French Naturalist in exactness of observation and philosoi)liical incredulity. Instances of extra-uterine con- 
 ception, which may possibly have led to the other opinion, are certainly observed in hares. See Plot's Hist, of 
 Staffordshiie, p. ^53. 
 
 f History of Quadrupeds, vol. I. p. S.'i, &c. 
 
 + Hist, of English Poetry, vol. I. p. 180. 
 
 § It must be observed, that whatever may be the hero's name or age, and wherever the scene is laid in the old 
 
 romances, the manners are contemporary with the writers, and purely English. Thus, too, Shakespeare s Theseus 
 
 is a mere English Sportsman. — Mids. Night's Dream. . , 
 
 And
 
 200 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 And again, 
 
 ail tjje «5amc of tljc 5^orc^t, 
 
 J^crt anD l^pno, 2?ucfi anD ©oo. 
 
 While Caxton was printing the Golden Legend, he had a present from William Lord 
 Arundel, of a buck in summer, and a doe in winter. — And about the same time they are 
 mentioned by dame Juliana Bcrners, in the passage quoted above. 
 
 But it is not to be dissembled, that though the silence of Canute's constitutions of the 
 forest seems to prove them not indigenous in England, yet, the Saxon Bucholr, occasions a 
 little hesitation : still, the word may either be derived from Bucken, beech-trees ; or, which is 
 more probable, may denominate the deer genus universally. 
 
 If, however, the buck and doe be not indigenous, from what country, and at what period, 
 between the time of Canute and that of Edward H. or IIL they were introduced, I am yet to 
 be informed. Can any evidence be adduced to prove that they were imported by the later 
 crusaders from the East r If our hierozoicon be accurate, the fallow deer was known in Judea 
 as early as the time of Solomon, 1 Kings iv. 23.* 
 
 Tlie rascal tribe (from which it does not appear why the marten should be excluded) con- 
 sisted of the otter, the badger, the weasel ; and, in Leland's time, of the beaver also. To these 
 ought to be added (if the name were not unworthy of him), another beautiful and harmless 
 forester, the squirrel ; and a sixth, well entitled to the appellation ; who, if his courage had 
 been in any degree comparable to his strength, activity, and fierceness, would have been a 
 formidable animal indeed : this is that shy and treacherous native of the woods, the wild cat, of 
 which our common household cat is a diminutive and degenerate variety; who with all the 
 habits of domestication, retains every propensity of savage life: fawning, yet irascible; alter- 
 nately indolent and indefatigable, vigilant and sluggish ; voracious, though patient of abstinence; 
 fond of warmth, yet capable of enduring all the extremities of cold; cunning, but almost 
 altogether indocile ; and thievish, when pampered to the utmost. 
 
 The wild boar, which appears to have existed in England during the reign of Canute, is to 
 be referred partly to the present class, and partly to the following. 
 
 2d. The next tribe, which disappears before the skill or the courage of man, are the 
 larger animals of prey, of which the wolf-l-, as it attacks the more valuable domestic animals, 
 and sometimes man himself, will not long be endured after the invention of fire-arms, except 
 where his retreats are nearly inaccessible. 
 
 His congener, the fox, now exists in England, either by connivance or contempt: for, 
 
 * And long before. — See Deutcron. xiv. 5 ; where the Dw/wn, rather tlian the Jackmur, appears to be our fallow 
 deer; as Jerom, who must have been well acquainted with the animals of the country where he lived, rendei-s the 
 former Pygargus. 
 
 t Dr. Cains acquiesced in the vulgar opinion of the extinction of wolves in England by Edgar. " Regnavit," says 
 he, " Edgarus circ. A.D. 959, a quo tempore non legimus nativum in Anglia visum lupum." I have already affirmed, 
 that they certainly existed among us to a much lower period, and will now produce the latest positive evidence I 
 have met with upon the subject. — The abbey of Fors, in Wensleydale, was founded A.D. 1145; that is, nearly two 
 centuries after the reign of Edgar ; and some time after, Alan, earl of Bretagne, gave to the monks of that abbey 
 the flesh of wild animals, killed by wolves, in the Forest of Wensleydale. — These men must have been both stout and 
 vigilant to make the gift of any value ; but the grant ascertains a curious and important fact in English zoology. — 
 yide Burton's Mouast. Ebor. under Fors Abbey. 
 
 were
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 201 
 
 were tliis paltry animal once to be abandoned by sportsmen; or were he, instead of confining 
 himself to petty larcenies in the hen-roost, or on the common, now and then to seize an infant, 
 the species would not be permitted to remain for twelve months. 
 
 But, as we descend in the scale of predatory animals, their extinction becomes proportion- 
 ably difficult: their fecundity and diminutive size, together with the nature of their haunts, 
 near to themselves and inaccessible to man, enabling them to defy the vanquisher of nobler 
 beasts, and to carry on their petty but teizing and innumerable depredations, without a possibility 
 of redress. 
 
 After the animals, which, in one way or other, were either protected or tolerated in the 
 forests, we are next to consider such as were forbidden. These were four : the goose, the hog, 
 the sheep, and the goat. For the first of these prohibitions, which would probably not be 
 executed with rigor, I know no reason, unless there be something in the scream or dung of 
 that uncleanly and vociferous fowl particularly oflfensive to deer; of the second, the reason is 
 obvious, as hogs would have made too free with mast and acorns ; the third must have resulted 
 from observing a circumstance, which I have often attended to, but never heard remarked, 
 namely, a visible aversion between deer and sheep ; deer will attach themselves to cows, and 
 goats to horses ; but nature seems to have implanted a mutual antipathy in the two other tribes, 
 for the purpose of preventing unnatural commixtures between animals not sufficiently remote 
 from one another in size, to hinder that evil without a strong repulsive instinct. 
 
 The reason why the goat was included in these prohibitions is very obvious, as he must have 
 been a capital offi?nder against vert and greneheu *. 
 
 Another tribe of animals was partially forbidden within the forests, from a very different 
 motive. 
 
 In the varieties of the dog, Providence seems to have raised up a faithful and necessary 
 ally to man in his warfare or intercourse with other quadrupeds. In this alliance he was 
 too formidable to be overlooked by the jealousy of a forest legislator. Accordingly we 
 find that, 
 
 1st. The greyhound and the spaniel, from their strength and swiftness, were absolutely pro- 
 hibited within the verge of the forests. 
 
 2d. The mastiff-|-, a stout but not an active dog, was allowed to be kept, when incapaci- 
 tated for mischief by one of the two following operations, either genucission, sometimes termed 
 
 * Manwood, p. 238. 
 
 f The etymology of this word has never been made out. Manwood says, (Forest Laws, c. 16',) in the old British 
 speech, meaning, I suppose, old English, they do call him Mase-thefe. This is childish, besides that, in old English, 
 the woid would ha\e been not Mase, but Mute, as ex. gr. a great wooden tower, which Richard I. raised against the 
 Saiiiceiis, was called Mate-giiSbn. Dr. Cains, the learned author of that scarce little work " DeCanibusBritannicis," 
 is nut nju'jh more happy, as he derives the words a mnste sugina, est enhn crassum genus camtm et bene saginatum cate- 
 nariiim hoc ; on which I have only to observe, that, if the mastitf liad nothing better to feast upon than mast, he would 
 not long be genus crassum et bene saginatum. What follows will, I think, lead to the same oiigin of the word: xcio Au- 
 guslhium Nipliutn Mastinuin fmuslivum nustri vocantj pecuarium exhtimare et Albertum, Lijciscum, ex cane et lupo genitum. 
 This leads me to suspect both the name and the breed to be Spanish, for in that language the word Mestino really sig- 
 nifies thelyciscus, or wolf dog; but the word mestizo, a mongrel, is, I believe, the genuine parent of mastiff. This 
 was Junius"s conjecture (in voce Mastitl), and is strikingly confirmed by the manner in which it is pronounced by the 
 common people in Lancashire, i. e. nut mastilf but mastiss. 
 
 2 D boxing.
 
 302 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV- 
 
 hoxing, which was the more ancient practice*, or ex|)editation, otherwise called lawing-j-, that 
 is, striking off' three toes of the fore feet, which is still in use;};. 
 
 3d. By the constitutions of Canute, it was lawful to keep the velter or langeran ^, and the 
 ramhundt ||, by the former of which I understand the terrier, and by the latter the sheep dog, 
 as the diminutive size and base propensities of these kinds secured the nobler animals of chace 
 and venery from their attacks. 
 
 4th. No prohibition whatever is laid upon the keeping of staghounds, either because it was 
 supposed that no one would dare to attack the king's deer openly, and with whole packs of dogs ; 
 or, because certain privileges to kill deer having been granted to peers, bishops, &c. on their 
 way to and from parliament, it would be understood that whatever was not included in these 
 indulgencies, was prohibited of course^. 
 
 It only remains that we throw together a few miscellaneous facts relating to the administra- 
 tion of the forests. 
 
 * Or hocksinewing;. Henry II. introduced the modern practice of lawing. Assiz. Woodstock, art. 6. 
 
 f Or hambling. Hence the vulgar word hamjjle, to limp. 
 
 X In Bowland expcditation is not governed by the species, but by the size of the dog — an iron ring being kept as 
 a gauge, through which e\ery foot that will pass cscajjes the operation. 
 
 § In these constitutions almost all the Danish words which the translator has retained, are cornipted. I would 
 read, therefore, instead of Langeran, which is nonsense, Lanjjiun or Longsnout, from spun ; in the Lancashire 
 dialect groon or groin, a sliarp snout. I meet with tlie word also in old Scottish poetry. 
 
 " Came like a sowe out of a middin. 
 Full slepy was his Grunye." Dunbar. 
 
 I! Ramhundt is pretty obviously the common sheep dog. Hund in Danish, as in modern German, being co-exten- 
 sive with the generic term dog itself. Of this Dr. Caius admonishes his friend Gesner : " Hounde — a vocabulo ves- 
 trati hunde, quod canem in universum apud vos significat." 
 
 I will just beg leave to add, that in the time of Caius, whose book " De Canibus Britannicis" was first published 
 A. D. 1570, three species of hybrid animals were common in England, of which two are now rare, and the last I think 
 unknown. 
 
 1st. The lyciscus or mungrel between the dog and the wolf. 
 
 2d. The lacena, bred between the dog and the fox. 
 
 3d. The urcanus, between the dog and the bear. Of the existence of this last I should have doubted, had not Dr. 
 Caius, a man of integrity and science, declared that it abounded in his time. 
 
 ^ In the present state of manners it will scarcely be believed with what tribes of dogs our ancient nobility, and even 
 dignified ecclesiastics, were accompanied on their journies. 
 
 " Now," says the accurate observer and bitter satyrist of his contemporary clergy. Piers Plowman, 
 
 " Is religion a pricker on a palfry, from maner to maner. 
 An heape of houndes at his .... as he a lorde were." 
 
 And we are told that A. D. 1216, an archdeacon of Richmond, on his visitation, came to the priory of Bridlington 
 with ninety-seven horses, twenty-one dogs, and three hawks. Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. II. p. 6.5. 
 
 It is well known that, upon the death of a bishop, his kennel of hounds was due, at common law, as a mortuary 
 to the king. Archbishop Cranmer was an excellent horseman, and fond of hunting. One of his successors, Archbishop 
 Juxon, was probably the last ])relate in England who kept a pack of hounds : but there was an Irish prelate of later 
 
 times, T Bishop of R , a little man, but mighty hunter, whose example in this respect, as well as others, 
 
 probably has been monitory to his brethren in that kingdom, and who closed a life of indecorum and irregularity in a 
 manner more horrid than was ever openly told. 
 
 In
 
 Book III.— Chap. TV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 203 
 
 In the privileges of a forest were contained all the subordinate rights belonging to chaces, 
 parks, and warrens, as omne majus contiuet in se minus *. 
 
 In strictness of law none but the king could have a forest, for no subject could grant a 
 commission to hold a court of justice seat ; but there are exceptions to this rule, as w ill appear 
 below. 
 
 To a forest, besides the justice seat, appertained the two inferior courts of swainmote and 
 attachment, with foresters, verdurers, regarders and agisters ; a chace was entitled to keepers 
 and woodwards only. 
 
 Fifteen days before midsummer, and fifteen after, were called the fence month, in which 
 all hunting was strictly forbidden, the hinds being then either big with young, or having just 
 calved. 
 
 The forests were generally driven twice a year, once immediately before the fence month, in 
 order that no disturbance might be given to the hinds, does, or fawns; and, 2dly, about Holy- 
 rood day, when the agisters began to take in cattle -|-. At these times all who had common right 
 upon the forest came to the pounds, where a roll of the gaits they were entitled to was kept, 
 surchargers fined, and foreigners who had cattle straying within the limits amerced, or some- 
 times the beasts forfeited. 
 
 No forester was permitted to arrest an offender against vert or venison, unless he were taken 
 with the manour, which he might be in the four following situations, viz. 
 
 Stable-stand, 
 Dogdraw, 
 Back-bear, 
 Bloody-hand. 
 
 Stable-stand, when a man was found with a long bow, or cross bow bent, or standing with 
 greyhounds in his leash, ready to let them slip. 
 
 Dogdraw, when a man had already wounded a deer, and was found drawing after him with 
 an hound or other dog, to recover him in his flight. 
 
 Back-bear, when actually carrying off a deer which he had killed. .And 
 
 Bloody-hand, when a man was found coursing, or returning from coursing, within the 
 forest, in a suspicious manner, with his hands embrevved in blood. 
 
 All these were to be arrested and committed to prison, where they were to await the court 
 of justice seat, unless delivered by the king's especial command. 
 
 Verdnrers, were judicial officers sworn to keep the assizes of the forest, and to receive and 
 enrol all presentment of trespasses against vert and venison ;}:. 
 
 The verdurer was also a kind of coroner, who, with ludicrous solemnity, held an inquisition 
 super visum corporis, over the slain deer. 
 
 The regarder was to view and enquire of similar trespasses. 
 
 Foresters were sworn to preserve the vert and venison, to attend the wild beasts, to attach 
 and present offenders. These were of two kinds, 1st, ordinary foresters, holding their offices 
 
 « Manwood, p. 52. f Ibid. p. 235. J Ibid. c. 21. 
 
 during
 
 204 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 during pleasure, though under the great seal ; or, 2dly *, foresters of fee, who held the office 
 to them and their heirs, paying a fee farm to the king. These were the real efficient guardians 
 of the forests, and they had under them inferior servants, called underkeepers or walkers. 
 
 Next to the foresters, ranked the bedels of the forest, whose office was merely to execute 
 processes, and to make garnishment of the courts of Swainmote and Attachment. 
 
 The lowest officer in this catalogue was the woodward, to whom belonged only the care of 
 wood and vert, an object then deemed of no importance, excepting as it regarded the accom- 
 modation of the deer. 
 
 The ensign of the woodward's office was a bill, as he was not empowered to bear a bow, 
 which belonged to his superiors. 
 
 To enliven this dry detail, we will now conclude with a beautiful portrait, drawn by 
 Chaucer, of an ancient forester, in the person of the squire's yeoman, of which the costume is 
 most exact. 
 
 " And he was clad in Cote and Hode of Grene ; 
 A Shaft of Pecocke Arwes bright and kene 
 Under his Belt he bare full thriftily, 
 Well coude he dresse his takel yemanly : 
 His Armes drooped not with Fetheres lowe, 
 And in his Hande he bare a mighty Bowe ; 
 A not-hed had he with a broune visage. 
 Of Wood-crafte could he well all the usage. 
 Upon his Arm he bare a gay Bracer, 
 And by his Side a Sword and a Bokeler, 
 A Christopher on his Brest of Silver Shene, 
 A Home he bare, the Baudrick was of grene, 
 A Forster was he sothily, as I gesse." 
 
 Prol. to the Cant. Tales, Tyrwhitt, Ed. p. 5. 
 
 We will now return from this long digression. 
 
 To the honor of Clitheroe appertained a very extensive and wild domain, which was di- 
 vided into the forests of Blackburnshire and Bowland-j-, as the former was subdivided into 
 those of Pendle, Trawden, Accrington, and Rossendale; and, after the marriage of Alice 
 de Lacy with Thomas of Lancaster, all were included in the common description of foresta de 
 Lancaster. 
 
 This, in exception to the general rule, was a forest in the strict sense of the term, before it 
 came united to the crown, " For," saith Manwood, " the earl of Lancaster, in the time of Ed- 
 " ward H. and HL had a forest in the counties of Lancaster and York, in the which he did 
 
 * This explains the term in the old ballad of Adam Bell, &c. 
 
 " And forty forsters of the fee. 
 These out-laws had yslaw." Percy's Ancient Songs, vol. I. p. 179. 
 t This is the distribution uniformly observed in the Tower records, where, so fai- as I recollect, the subdivisions of 
 »he forest of Blackburnshire are never mentioned. 
 
 " execute
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 205 
 
 " execute the forest laws as largely as ever king of this realm did ; and, even at this day, there 
 " are no records so much followed as those that were executed by the said earl in his forests." 
 Forest Laws, p. 72. 
 
 Those of Blackburnshire and Bowland were high and barren tracts, rejected at the first dis- 
 tribution of property, when townships were planted, and commons mered out in the fertile 
 and sheltered grounds beneath ; in this state they remained among the last retreats of the wolf, 
 and the abode of stags, roes *, and bubali, or wild cattle, which are mentioned by Leland, as 
 remaining not long before his time at Blakeley, and of which tradition records, that they were 
 transplanted into the dean's or abbot's park at Whalley, whence they are reported, on the same 
 evidence, to have been removed after the dissolution, to Gisburne park, where their descendants 
 still remain ^. 
 
 A domain so stocked would probably be preferred by a Norman hunter, to the most fertile 
 portion of his territories. And our ancient lords appear to have been sufficiently jealous of this 
 part of their territories ; for while they grant, with wonderful liberality, free chace and warren 
 to their dependents over more cultivated tracts, it is always, excepting in a single instance, with 
 a reserve of the J'erce hestice within the haice dom'mkales %, and in that one instance, the indul- 
 
 * The existence of the roe iii Bowland, is pretty plainly indicated by the word roecross in the perambulation. But, 
 independently of particular evidence, there can be Uttle doubt of the fact; for though now confined to the highlands 
 of Scotland, it was once general in England, was referred to in the forest laws, and was mentioned by Leland as 
 actually remaining in his time in the marches of Wales. Vide supra. 
 
 t In Mr. Bewick's History of Animals is a good account, and better engraving (for his wooden cuts have 
 a spirit peculiar to themselves) of this animal. He mentions a tradition that they were drawn to Gisburne by the power 
 of music : whatever truth there may be in this, there is no doubt of the general fact, that wild animals aie capable of 
 being affected very strongly by melody ; and it requires not always the hand or lyre of Orpheus to work upon their 
 feelings, for in the year ITS-, I saw at Edinburgh a stag who had followed the bagpipes of an highland regiment from 
 his native mountains, tractus dulcedine cantus. 
 
 J Parks have sometimes been defined to be forests enclosed ; and forests, open parks. But it appears that the 
 forests themselves were sometimes bounded by hedges or paling, here called haia dominicales. This word is of such 
 extent, and appears so frequently in the composition of local names amongst us, under its dialectical \arieties of hei/, 
 hay, haice, hag, haigh, that it may be worth while to investigate its origin, meaning, and different applications. 1st. 
 then, paej the original Saxon word, signified merely an hedge, and this was softened down into the old French word 
 hate, or haye. All the other varieties of the word are to be traced to these two sources, accordingly as different places 
 happened to be more strongly tinctured with the old language of the coiuitry, or with that which had succeeded it. 
 Thus the hawthorn is the hedge thorn, and the hagber (in the dialect of I^ncashire), the bird cherry, is the berry of the 
 hedge : in this sense it is used by Chaucer, " There is neither bush nor haye." R. R. But, by an easy metonymy, the 
 word was transferred from the enclosing fence to the area enclosed by it. These were sometimes woods, sometimes 
 pastures, and sometimes parks : of all these, instances will now be adduced. 1st. In the Pipe Rolls 17 Henry III. we 
 have " Haga de Burchenwode." .^gain, Robert de Lacy grants " boscum qui vocatur la Haia de Akerington," and in 
 Briercliffe is a wood called Haughton Hag. 2d. The many hcys in Lancashire, were pastures enclosed with hedges. 
 3d. Parks were frequently denominated haigh, hay, or de la haye. Thus the well-known Rothwell Haigh near Leeds, 
 (Hopkinson's MSS.) was the park belonging to the manor-house of the Lacies at Rothwell. The out-park of Skipton 
 castle is called the hawe park, and that of Knaresborougli the haye park. To these instances may be added the forest 
 of Hay, in the marches of Wales. But this last application of the word will lead to another enquiiy nearly akin to our 
 present subject. To the ancient economy of our ro\al and baronial castles, usually belonged two parks, one (a parke 
 enclosed with a wall. Chaucer) probably for fallow deer, after the introduction of that species ; the other for red deer, 
 fenced with a hedge and paling; or, in the words of Bracton, 1.2, c. 40, No. 3. " vallatum fuit et inclausatum 
 fossato, haia, et pallatio." These were contempoi aiy with the forests and forest laws ; the park of Woodstock, which, 
 
 however.
 
 :-'06 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 gence extended only to ad unius tcUjactum *. The ancient deans of Whalley possessed, and 
 certainly exercised the right of hunting within the forests, which had been transmitted to them 
 from the earliest times; but it was regarded with little complacency by the lords; and, before 
 the translation of the abbey of Stanlaw to Whalley, Henry de Lacy extorted from Gregory, the 
 first abbot, an express renunciation of that privilege, which, as he was probably no outrider 
 that loved venery-^-, like his secular predecessors the deans, would be obtained from him without 
 reluctance. But, at an uncertain period during the occupancy of the Lacies, the first principle 
 of population commenced^; it was found that these wilds, bleak and barren as they were, 
 might be occupied to some advantage in breeding young, and depasturing lean cattle, which 
 were afterwards fattened in the lower domains. Vaccaries or great upland pastures, were laid 
 out for this purpose ^ ; booths or mansions erected upon them for the residence of herdsmen ; 
 and, at the same time that herds of deer were permitted to range at large as heretofore, lavvnds, 
 by which are meant parks within a forest, were enclosed in order to chace them with greater 
 facility, or, by confinement, to produce fatter venison. Of these lawnds, Bowland had Rad- 
 holme and Leagram, Pendle had new and old Lawnd, with the contiguous park of Ightenhill, 
 Rossendale had Musbury, and Accrington Newlaund. 
 
 But in process of time, when the lords no longer visited these remote parts of their terri- 
 tories periodically, in order to consume their produce, these vaccaries were demised to tenants, 
 first at will, and afterwards for years ; and, in the 22d of Henry VH. that wary prince first 
 issued a commission for tlieir approvement at advanced rents, directing, what it seems his let- 
 ters patent alone were unable to perform, that they should be converted into copyholds, and 
 held in perpetuity. 
 
 Tliey were under the superintendance of two master foresters, one for Blackburnshire, and 
 one for Bowland, and the former had under him an inferior keeper in each, of which that of 
 Rossendale inhabited the chamber of the forest, and had the direction of other still inferior offi- 
 cers, termed graves, (from the Saxon Gejiepa praepositus), or reeves of the forest. 
 
 however, is the first on record, being mentioned as early as Hent-y T. : so that Mr. Pennant was mistaken in supposing 
 that parks had their origin in the destruction of forests. But, in ancient times, every considerable manor-house had 
 its park, and the old patent rolls abound with licentia imparcandi. 
 
 These greater and more remote enclosures for deer, surrounded by the fossatum haia et pallatium, were the hay 
 parks mentioned above; and the words, as well as many remains, in Musbury, Cliviger, &c. prove the manner in 
 which these haiie dominicales were constructed, viz. with a ditch and rampart surmounted by pales. This last word is, 
 in all our ancient charters, expressed by Bracton's word pallatium, and the old plural form of the word pale, which 
 was pali:, has given origin to Paliz-house, in Haberghameaves, (very improperly called Palace house), and to the 
 word pulliser, or keeper of the pales, an office, so far as I know, peculiar to the forest of Knaresborough, (Ext. For. 
 de Knaresborough, MS. pen. Auct.) since grown, like Parker, Forester, &c. into a proper name, which will call to 
 mind a pious metropolitan of the last century, and a gidlant admiral of this. 
 
 * Vide Merley Mag. 
 
 ■\ Chaucer. 
 
 i It is to the credit of the monks that the first systematic attempt at enclosing and reclaiming any portion of these 
 wastes, was made by them. Vide Brandwood, under Rossendale. 
 
 § " By vaccary," saith Sir Edward Coke, " is signified a dairy house." But the following quotation will prove 
 vaccaries to have been large upland breeding farms. 
 
 Henry VI. A.R. 9, grants a vaccary, called Batterax, for 32 vaccse, 1 bull, and their issue (exitu eorumj, both at 
 summer pasture, and hay in winter. Vide Bowland. 
 
 These
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 807 
 
 These observations on the history and constitution of the forests, are intended as an intro- 
 ductory sketch to render the following details more intelligible; but it may not be improper to 
 add, that they still bear the marks of original barrenness, and recent cultivation, that they are 
 still distinguished from the ancient freehold tracts around them, by want of old houses, old 
 woods, high fences, (for these were forbidden by the forest laws *) by peculiarities of dialect 
 and manners in their inhabitants, and lastly, by a general air of poverty, which all the opu- 
 lence of manufactures cannot remove. 
 
 To confirm these remarks, and to prevent the possibility of offence, we will call upon the 
 old inhabitants to describe their soil and climate for themselves, which they are ready to do 
 with great truth and simplicity. " We find," say the jurors (in the time of James I.) " that 
 " the quality of the said boothes and vaccaries is cold and barren, yet, by manuring, marling, 
 " and tilling, will yield a certain grain called oats; and, after such marling and tillage, in a 
 " short time it will grow to heath, ling, and rushes." And, in an humble petition to the king, 
 they declare, " that the soil of their country is extremely barren, and, as yet, not capable of 
 " any other corn but oats, and that in dry years, and not without continual manuring every 
 " third year, and that they have no timber trees within many miles thereof." It is difficult to 
 read this account without shivering -|-. 
 
 The last circumstance, however, though indisputably true, is hard to be accounted for; 
 the forests had been originally overspread with native woods of oak, hazle, birch, alder, and 
 pine, and it is easy to conceive how these might have grown up and extended themselves, 
 while graminivorous animals were rare upon the earth ; but how, after having covered the face 
 of the country for centuries, and after having produced, by the dropping of their seeds, a per- 
 petual undergrowth of rising plants, they should at length decay and perish without the hand 
 of man, is a difficulty more easy to state than to solve: yet that they did so perish is demon- 
 strable, for the mosses abound not only with trunks, but stools of trees, too large by far to have 
 been destroyed by beasts, yet without a vestige of the stroke of an axe, and in a state which 
 proves them to have sunk within the surface of the earth by gradual decay. As an attempt, 
 however, at a solution of this fact, I will hazard the following conjecture: that, after a long 
 period of time, the rotting of neglected woods may generate too large a proportion of soil, con- 
 sisting of vegetable particles alone, and that the roots of the surviving trees, unable at length 
 to strike into the original surface of the ground, have to extract their nutriment out of a sub- 
 stance which the whole analogy of nature shews to be either noxious or innutritions at least, 
 namely, the exuviae of their own species. 
 
 Another singular fact is this, that in the peat mosses, which are known to be powerful pre- 
 servers of animal substances, no horns, or other remains of deer, have ever (so far as I know) 
 
 * If a man have licence to enclose any ground within the forest, he may not enclose the same cum altd haid et 
 fossato, vel cum alto pallatio. Assiz. Forest, de Lancaster, 12 Edward III. iManwood, c. 10, 
 
 f " In the year 1698, a very late harvest, for there was much come never housed, but som psons cut it and gave 
 " it there catall, and at the Newe Church in Pendle, there was corne to house in the latter end of December. Mr. 
 " White, our vicar, tould me he saw some to house February l'2th, wliich belonged to the clarke of the New Church 
 " in Pendle." MS Journal of Thomas Braddyll, Esq. — This calamity probably has not been paralleled till the dis- 
 astrous year 1799, from the effects of which, the poor of this country are now (May, IStX),) suflcring many of the 
 horrors of famine. 
 
 heeu
 
 208 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 been discovered, whereas, in the bogs of Ireland, the skeletons and antlers of the great segh 
 deer, a much rarer animal every where than the stag, are far from being unfrequent. 
 
 A third circumstance, which deserves to be attended to in the general history of these forests, 
 as it proves not merely that they were rejected at the first colonization of the country after the 
 Saxon conquest, but that they were antecedently in a state of nature, is, that they must 
 have been utterly unoccupied by the Romans. This fact has been observed by antiquaries con- 
 cerning our forests in general. Mr. Lambard, in particular, remarks, " that no monuments of 
 " Roman antiquity are to be met with in the Weald of Kent. The same reflexion may be made 
 " uj)on the Chiltern Hills, upon Bernwood Forest, and all those parts of England which were 
 " of old uncultivated woods and deserts*." And accordingly, in our Blackburnshire chaces, I 
 know not that a coin, fibula, or other trifling relic has ever been discovered, to prove that they 
 had ever been traversed by that active people. Rowland alone, from its situation, was unavoid- 
 ably crossed by the great road -|~ from Coccium to Bremetonacae. 
 
 We will now go on to a particular survey of the forest of Blackburnshire, considered, 
 1st, with respect to its general history. 
 
 2d, With respect to that of its four subordinate divisions. The first important transaction 
 affecting the Forest of Blackburnshire in general, is explained by the following 
 
 " Commission for Grauntinge of the Forrests, 
 " In anno vicessimo secundo Henrici septimi. 
 " Henry, by the grace of God, kinge of Englande and of France, and Lorde of Irelande, 
 to our trustie and wcU-beloved the Stewarde that nowe is, and that hereafter shall be of our pos- 
 sessions of Blakburneshyre, within our countie palatyne of Lancaster, greeting. For so much 
 as heretofore we, by our Ires of commission under the scale of our dutchie of Lancaster, have 
 deputed and appointed Sir John Boothe and others, to vewe and survey all our groundes, castles, 
 and lordshyps, within our said countie palatyne, and thereupon to improove the same and every 
 parcel of them for our most singuler profitt and advantage, whereupon we understand that our 
 said commissioners have indeavoured themselves, surveying and approving the same accordinge 
 to our saide commission and pleasure, and have made graunte and promisse of lease of certaine 
 of our landes and tenements within our saide county, to the tenor and effect of a schedule, to 
 these our Ires annexed to certaine persons, to have and to hould to them and their heires for 
 terme of lyfe or lyves, or for terme of yeares after the custome of the manor by copie of court 
 roll, for execution and accomplishment whereof we have authorized, and by these presente 
 authorize and geve you full authoritie and power by these our Ires callinge unto you the saide 
 Sir John Boothe, and by his advyse, to sett and lett all suche of our said landes and tenements 
 
 * Bishop Rennet's Par. Ant. p. 1 1. 
 
 t A considerable poi'tion of this road vvas lately uncovered in the estate of Knolmere, where it appeared to be a 
 pavement of broad and lieavy stones, very artificially wedged and compacted togetlier. But the most extraordinary cir- 
 cumstance v?as, that no wheel-carriage had, as fer as could be discovered, ever traversed it. It follows, therefore, that 
 the baggage of the Roman armies, e.\cept what was borne by the legionaries themselves, was wholly conveyed along these 
 mountainous districts on horseback. This difficulty of conveyance will partly account for a fact whicli I have already 
 stated as highly probable ; that the line from Ribchester to Overborrow was abandoned, in the reign of Philip, for that 
 which passed by Blackrode and Lancaster. > 
 
 as
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 209 
 
 as bee or lye within your said office, to the said personns for suche rents yearlie as bee contained 
 in the said schedule, to have and to houlde to them and to their heires or otherwise, for terme of 
 liefe or yeares, at the libertie or choise of our said tenantes, and for the full accomplishment of 
 the said promisse and graunte, taking sufficient security of the said persons for the sure j)aimente 
 of the same rente, as yee shall see best and most convenient. And also that upon the death or 
 exchaunge of everie tenant, that yee make newe lease or leases to such personne or personnes 
 after the deathe or exchaunge of any such tenant or tenants of the same, as the same land shall 
 happen to be granted by you, takinge of everie suche tenant as shall happen to exchaunge or 
 decease, one whole yeares rent of the said tenemt. and that yee shall take for a fine, accordinge 
 as other our tenentes there, beinge copiehoulders tyme out of mynd gave, and used to paie in 
 suche cases, over and above their ancient and oulde yearelie rent of the same, provydcd and 
 alwaie forseene, that yee, by color of your said leases, doe not demyse our said rent, fynes and 
 gersomes, nor other duties, due and demandeahle for us in that parte. And these our Ires 
 shal bee unto you at all tymes sufficient warant and discharge in this behalfe; whiche our Ires 
 wee will that yee doe enter into your court rolles, there to remaine of recorde for the more 
 suertie of everie of our said tenants, for their saide leases, to bee had and made accordinglie. 
 Geven at our cittie of London, under the seale of our saide duchie, the 19th daie of Male, in 
 the 17th yeare of our reigne." 
 
 The effects of this commission will be explained hereafter. But it may be necessary to observe 
 here, that it was a commission to approve and not to disforest ; as the following example, 
 in which especial provision was made for the preservation of the deer, will abundantly prove : 
 
 " Feely Close always hath beene agisted to ye sume of ix/. xi*. viud. and noe more, because 
 of ye recourse yt ye deere of Pendle hathe thereunto, and yt was thought by us that they should 
 have the same yt saveinge ye like course of deere as hath beene used afore." Comm. Henry 
 VII. ut supra. 
 
 Other facts to the same purpose, will occur under Rossendale. 
 
 In consequence of this commission grants of the vaccaries were made, and upon the faith 
 of these titles, houses were built, and improvements, such as the soil was capable of, were made ; 
 lands were bought and sold ; the first grantees died off, and their heirs or other representatives 
 were regularly admitted in perfect security for more than a century, when the Crown lawyers of 
 James I. discovered, or pretended to discover, that copyholds of inheritance could not be 
 created, that the lands of the newhold tenure were of the nature of essart lands, and the occu- 
 pants, a sort of tenants by sufferance. This was a thunderstroke — as it shook to the founda- 
 tion the titles to twenty-five thousand Lancashire acres of lands, and destroyed the comforts 
 and the hopes of many families who lived in competence and quiet upon these new improve- 
 ments, without any other resources. 
 
 It may not be uninteresting, at least to the descendants of the parlies concerned, to give a 
 short abstract of the proceedings in this transaction. 
 
 1st. Then, appears an information exhibited by Sir John Brograve, Knt. in the Duchy 
 chamber, against Richard Townley, of Townley, Richard Shuttleworth, of Gavvthorp, Nic. 
 Townley, of Royle, Nic. Banastre, of Altham, Esqrs. &c. who have unlawfully, according to 
 their pretended titles, without any title, right, custom, warrant, or authority, entered and in- 
 truded into certain lands, parcels of the honor, castle, manor, or lordship of Clitheroe, in tise 
 
 2 E manors
 
 210 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 manors of Colne, Accrington, and Ightenhill, and in the forests or chases of Rossendale, Pendle, 
 Accrington, Trawden, &c. 
 
 2d. A letter directed to Mr. Auditor Fanshaw, and Ralph Asheton, of Lever, Esq. deputy 
 steward, signifying, that there were within his majesty's honor of Clitheroe, divers lands which 
 have been only granted by the steward, and by warrant to the steward made, which parcels 
 have been improved out of his majesty's forests and chases, there commonly called lands of the 
 newhold, which are only, however, of the nature of essart land, and cannot be claimed by 
 custom or prescription to be copyholds *, &c. offering, however, in his majesty's name, to per- 
 fect their respective titles to the said essart lands, and requiring them to convene the tenants, in 
 order to receive proposals from them for that purpose. 
 
 Dated Ap. 5th, 1607. And signed J. Suffolk, 
 
 H. Northampton, 
 Salisbury. 
 
 3d. Next follow a set of articles to be enquired of and presented by the jurors, concerning 
 the nature, extent, and other particulars of the lands commonly called newhold. 
 
 4th. Then a presentment of the booths within Rossendale, and of the rents severally paid 
 by each, with distinct and particular answers to the articles of enquiry. 
 
 5th. The humble petition of a multitude of his majesty's tenants and copyholders, stating 
 their claim under the commissions of Henry VII. their long undisturbed possession ; the 
 regularity of their admissions ; the barrenness of the countrj' ; the great sums which they and 
 their ancestors had expended upon improvements; the extreme distress to which they were 
 reduced by staying the ordinary course of admittances (which it seems had been resorted to iu 
 order to force them to a composition) ; and praying that the said restraint of accustomed admit- 
 tances may be repealed, &c. 
 
 6th. A tender of a confirmation of the respective titles of the tenants to the newhold lands, 
 by decree and act of parliament, on the payment of twenty years ancient rent. 
 
 Dated May l6th, 1608. Signed Salisbury. 
 
 Julius Caesar. 
 'I'ho. Parrie. 
 
 7th. A letter from Rich. Townley, of Townley, Esq. and others, relating to a general con- 
 tribution towards soliciting and defraying the expences of this business, and stating, that 
 through the fantastical persuasion of the vulgar sorte, that handes set to an instrument will 
 bind them to they know not what inconveniences, they are enforced to rest only on promises: 
 now in respect the vulgar sorte is knowne to be variable, and may alter from this 2d. resolu- 
 tion ; least the peevishness of some few should disadvantage or discredit our undertaking ; we 
 are of opinion that this, by Mr. Auditor's and your good meanes made known to the privy 
 council, will worke such efi'ect, yt according to ye proverbe, " The fryers shall not be beaten 
 
 for the nunnes fault." 
 
 Signed Ric. Towneley. 
 
 Edw. Rausthorn. 
 
 And others. 
 
 * The lawyers evidently mistook the meaning of this word (essart), which they confoimded with purpresture or 
 encroachment : whereas essaits were often held by the firmest titles, and nothing was more common than for the ancient 
 lords to grant lauds, essart us et essartandas : which >\ ould be nonsense, if rendered encroacheil and to be encroached. 
 
 The
 
 Book in.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 211 
 
 The superior proprietors were evidently aware of their own danger, and willing to compound 
 for their estates upon any reasonable terms; but had to encounter that levity, selfishness, and 
 obstinacy, in the lower orders, which, as long as human nature is the same, will encumber and 
 embitter all public concerns, in which they have any part. 
 
 8th. A number of letters and instructions from Sir Thos. Walmsley, knt. oneof the justices 
 of the Common Pleas, and Ralph Ashton, esq. commissioners concerning the four forests, the 
 last addressed to Rob. Cecil, earl of Salisbury, treasurer, and Sir Tho. Parry, knt. chancellor 
 of the Duchy, reporting the progress they had made, and stating the several difficulties which 
 occurred. 
 
 9th. A commission from the Crown, stating, that a general agreement had taken place for 
 the confirmation of the titles to the newhold, at twelve years rent (not twenty, which was 
 first demanded), and for assessing the mean rates of payment, directed to Sir Tho. Walms- 
 ley, kt. Ralph Ashton, Tho. Walmsley, John Braddyll, Rob. Holden, Ric. Greenacres, Savile 
 RadclifFe, esqs, Lau. Habergham, gent. &c. Dated Nov. 17th, 1608. 
 
 lUth. Then, after several intermediate steps, of little consequence, follows the decree for 
 the assurance of titles within the four forests, February 1608. 
 
 11th. And, lastly, an act of the 7th Jac. 4 Sess. entitled an act for the perfect creation 
 and confirmation of certain copyhold lands in the honor, castle, manor, and lordship of 
 Clitheroe. 
 
 The consideration paid for this assurance was 12 years ancient rent, or 3,763/. ; and thus 
 the poverty of James I. and the chicane of the Crown lawyers, by an act of temporary oppres- 
 sion, conferred a most substantial benefit upon the tenants of the newhold, and opened the 
 way to many subsequent enclosures and improvements. 
 
 In fact, this transaction appears to have been but a part of a general scheme carrying 
 on at the same time for extorting money froni the tenants of the Crown, whose titles were not 
 perfectly secure. The attempt at a resumption of the border lands held in cornage*, on 
 pretence that, upon the union of the two crowns, service in cornage had necessarily ceased, was 
 a parallel instance. 
 
 The forest of Blackburnsliire was subdivided into those of Pendle, Trawden, Rossendale, 
 and Accrington. Of these in order. 
 
 That of Pendle was so called from the celebrated mountain of that name, over the long declivity 
 of which it extended. The name of this mountain is an instance of the gradual operation of lan- 
 guage upon the names of natural permanent objects, having been originally denominated Pen, or 
 the head. Its first appellation becoming insignificant, the Saxons superadded hull, and Penhull 
 was its orthography, probably beneath the Conquest; but the latter syllable, in turn, lost its 
 meaning, by being melted down into Pendle ; and the modern " hill" was once more superadded, 
 to design the nature of the object. The perpendicular elevation of this mountain, after many 
 attempts, and notwithstanding the facility of obtaining a base line from the sea, has never 
 been exactly ascertained ; but it is an enormous mass of matter, extending in a long ridge from 
 N.E. to S.W. and on the S.E. side forming a noble boundary to the forest, which stretches, in 
 
 * rule Burn and Nicholson's Hist. Cumb. and West. 
 
 a lons£
 
 212 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 a long but interrupted descent of nearly five miles, to the water of Pendle, a barren and dreary 
 tract, excepting on the verge of the latter, which is warm and fertile*. 
 
 The whole extent of it cannot be estimated at less than 25 miles, or 15,000 statute acres; 
 which, as early as the great Inquisition, in 1311> were divided into eleven vaccaries, each of 
 which paid 10*. — In the commission of Hen. VII. already referred to, these vaccaries were 
 denominated as follow : — 
 
 West Close and Hunterholme — — — XLVW. viud. 
 
 Heigham Boothe — — — — — lxvi*. viud. 
 
 Newelawnde — — — — — xxvi*. viiirf. 
 
 Bareley Boothe — — — — — Lxxix*. ivd. 
 
 Heigham Close, olim Nether-heigham — — xxvi*. viiirf. 
 
 Overgouldeshey and Nethergouldeshey — — iv/. xvi*. \uid. 
 
 Feelie Close — — — — — xxvis. viud. 
 
 Old Lawnde — — — — — xxvi*. viiirf. 
 
 Whitley Carre — — — — — — xx*. 
 
 Over Barrowforde and Nether Barrowforde — — iv/. iii*. ivd. 
 
 Over Rougley and Nether Rougley, al Rougley Boothes — iv/. vi.s. vnid. 
 
 Haweboothe and Whitley in Haboothe — — — lv*. 
 
 Redhalowes — — — — — xiii*. ivd. 
 
 Of these. Filly Close is the flower of the forest ; and Reedley-hallovvs crossed the Pendle 
 water, and extends nearly to Burnley. 
 
 Besides these, I find also the vaccary of Admergill, granted 20th Rich. II. to W^illiam, 
 son of John de Radcliffe. Townley MSS. 
 
 Towards the end of Henry VIll.'s reign, a chapel was erected here by the inhabitants of 
 the five booths of Gouldshaw, Bareley, Whitley, Roughlee, and Ouldlawnde, of which the 
 sentence of consecration, by John Bird, the first bishop of Chester, bears date Oct. 1, 1544, 
 dedicating it to St. Mary, and decreeing, " That all ye fruits, oblations, and proventions, of 
 " the saide chappel, should go to ye support of a fit chaplaine for celebratyng Divine Service, 
 " and for repayring ye saide chappel, without contradiction or reclamation of the vicar of Whalley, 
 " and saving the rights of the rectory." — Townl. MSS. 4. 2. -|~ 
 
 The chapel has been decently rebuilt, but the original tower remains. — Here are no sepul- 
 chral memorials which deserve to be transcribed. 
 
 The first village which arose in Pendle was Heyehouses, of whose origin the following 
 account is given. There was, it seems, a portion of the forest, upon which the freeholders and 
 customary tenants of the eight following towns, viz. Merley, Penhulton, Wiswall, Read, Simon- 
 stone, Padiham, Downham, and Worston, claimed right of common. There was also a 
 
 * I know not whether it be wortli while to relate, that the gloomy enthusiast, George Fox, professed to have 
 received his first illuminations on the top of Pendle. — nde Lesley's Snake in the Grass. 
 
 f Besides these booths, which constitute the Chapelry of New Church, some parts of the forest to the West, as 
 Hevhouses, are within the Chapelry of Padiham; and some of the East, as Barrowford, within that of Colne. But Reedly 
 Hallowes, Filly Close, New Laund, and Wheatly Carr, together with Ightenhill Park, having been allotted to no 
 chapelry, are considered as still belonging to the Castle Parish : in consetjuence of which, their inhabitants marry at 
 Clitheroe 
 
 laudable
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WIIALLEY. o|;5 
 
 laudable custom, for commissioners of the crown to make periodical circuits over the royal 
 demesnes, to enquire into encroachments and other abu.ses. In the 29th Henry VI. I find that 
 Rauf (Holden) Abbot of Whalley, with the charterers and customers of these towns, held a 
 meeting at Pendle Cross, where they entered into several resolutions, in most barbarou.s old 
 English, of which the following is the substance: — " That their entertayning lies from Croybrig 
 " to Cleg yate, and so to Padiham towne end," &c. Next follow several resolutions to abate 
 encroachments; and afterwards the same persons preferred a bill before the commissioners of 
 Ed. IV. against " Ric. Hadclyfte, sqyer, for makeyng a towne upon a tenement callyd ye Hay- 
 houses, where he had no right without the kyngs staff'." This might be wrong ; but the com- 
 missioners probably thought, " (^"^"^ ^^*"' "°" debuit, factum valet ;" for the obnoxious towne 
 has subsisted ever since. 
 
 In the earlier part of the last century, a scene of pretended witchcraft was exhibited in 
 this place ; which, from the high rank of the parties who interposed, rather than from any 
 thing to distinguish it from stories of a similar kind, which abounded in that credulous age 
 seems entitled to a distinct narration. 
 
 In or about the year of 1633*, a number of poor and ignorant people, inhabitants of Pendle 
 Forest, or the neighbourhood, were apprehended upon the evidence of one Edmund Robinson 
 a boy, whose deposition, taken before two neighbouring magistrates, is here subjoined. 
 
 " The examination of Edmund Robinson, son of Edm. Robinson, of Pendle Forest, mason 
 taken at Padiham before Richard Shuttleworth and John Starkie, esqs. two of His Majesty's 
 justices of the peace, within the county of Lancaster, 10th of February, A. D. 1633. 
 
 " Who informeth upon oath (beeinge examined concerninge the greate meetings of the 
 witches), and saith, that upon All Saints Day last past, hee, this informer, beeinge with one 
 Henry Parker, a neare doore neighbor to him in Wheatley-lane, desyred the said Parker to 
 give him leave to get some bulloes, which hee did. In which tyme of gettino^e bulloes hee sawe 
 two greyhounds, viz. a blacke and a browne one, came running over the next field towards 
 him, he verily thinkinge the one of them to bee Mr. Nutter's, and the other to bee Mr. Robin- 
 son's, the said Mr. Nutter and Mr. Robinson havinge then such like. And the said grey- 
 hounds came to him, and fawned on him, they havinge about theire necks, either of them 
 a coller, and to either of which collers was tyed a stringe, which collers, as this informer 
 affirmeth, did shine like gould ; and hee thinkinge that some, either of Mr. Nutter's or Mr. Ro- 
 binson's family should have followed them : but seeinge noe body to foliowe them, he tooke the 
 said greyhounds, thinkinge to hunt with them ; and presently a hare rise very neare before 
 him, at the sight whereof he cryed, Loo! loo! but the dogges would not run. Whereupon 
 beeinge very angry, he tooke them, and with the strings that were at theire collars, tyed either 
 of them to a little bush on the next hedge, and with a rod that hee had in his hand, hee bett 
 
 * This story made so much noLse, that in the following year, 1634, was acte'i and published a play entitled "The 
 Witches of Lancaster," which has been applied by Mr. Stevens to the illustnition of Shakespeare. Jnhnson's and 
 Stevens's Shakespeare, v. IX. p. 483, &c. — The term has since been transferred to a gentler species of fascination, which 
 my fair countrywomen still continue to exert in full force, without any apprehension of the County Magistrates, or even 
 of the King in Council. — Permit me to add, that a certain Reviewer has accused me of inattention, in having passed over 
 a naiTative of pretended witchcraft, which wa^ supposed to have taken place in the house of Mr. Starkie, A.D. 1592, and 
 is adverted to in Hursenet's " Detection of Popish Imposture." 1 was perfectly aware of the circumstance; but the 
 Reviewer was not aware that it happened at a con-JJo-able distance fiom the parish of \\'halley. 
 
 thera.
 
 214 HISTORY OF WHALLEV. [Book III.— Chai-. IV. 
 
 them. And in stede of the blacke greyhound, one Dickonson wife stoode up (a neighb"") whom 
 this informer knoweth ; and in steade of the browne greyhound a Htle boy, whom this informer 
 knoweth not. At which sight this informer, beeinge affraid, indevoured to run away: but 
 beeinge stayed by the woman, viz. by Dickonson's wife, shee put her hand into her pocket, and 
 pulled out a peace of silver much like to a faire shillinge, and offered to give him to hould his 
 tongue, and not to tell, whiche hee refused, sayinge. Nay, thou art a witch. Whereupon shee 
 put her hand into her pocket againe, and pulled out a stringe like unto a bridle that gingled, 
 which shee put upon the litle boyes heade that stood up in the browne greyhounds steade ; 
 whereupon the said boy stood up a white horse. Then immediately the said Dickonson wife 
 tooke this informer before her upon the said horse, and carried him to a new house called 
 Hoarestones, beinge about a quarter of a mile off; whither when they were comme, there 
 were divers persons about the doore, and hee sawe divers others cominge rideinge upon horses 
 of severall colours towards the said house, which tyed theire horses to a hedge neare to the sed 
 house ; and which persons went into the sed house, to the number of threescore or thereabouts, 
 as this informer thinketh, where they had a fyer and meate roastinge, and some other meate 
 stirringe in the house, whereof a yonge woman, whom hee this informer knoweth not, gave 
 him flesh and breade upon a trencl>er, and drinke in a glasse, which, after the first taste, hee 
 refused, and would have noe more, and said it was nought. And presently after, seeinge 
 diverse of the company goinge to a barn neare adioyneinge, hee followed after, and there he 
 sawe sixe of them kneelinge, and pullinge at sixe severall roapes which were fastened or tyed 
 to ye toppe of the house, at or with which pullinge came then in this informer's sight 
 flesh smoakeinge, butter in lumps, and milke as it were syleinge from the said roapes, all 
 which fell into basons whiche were placed under the saide roapes. And after that these sixe had 
 done, there came other sixe, which did likewise ; and duringe all the tyme of theire so pullinge, 
 they made such foule faces that feared this informer, soe as hee was glad to steale out and 
 run home; whom, when they wanted, some of theire company came runninge after him, 
 neare to a place in a highway called Boggard-hole, where this informer met two horsemen, at 
 the sight whereof the sed persons left followinge him; and the foremost of which persons yt 
 followed him, hee knoweth to bee one Loynd wife, which said wife, together with one Dickon, 
 son wife, and one Jenet Davies, he hath scene at severall tymes in a croft or close adioninge 
 to his father's house, whiche put him in a greate feare. And further, this informer saith, 
 upon Thursday after New Yeares Day last past, he sawe the sd Loynd wife sittinge upon a 
 crosse peece of wood, beeinge within the chimney of his fathers dwellinge house; and hee 
 callinge to her, said, " Come downe, thou Loynd wife;" and imediateiy the sd Loynd wife 
 went up out of his sight. And further, this informer saith, yt after hee was comme from ye 
 company aforesed to his father's house, beeinge towards eveninge, his father bad him goe 
 fetch home two kyne to scale ; and in the way, in a field called the Oilers, hee chanced to 
 hap upon a boy, who began to quarrell with him, and they fought soe together till this informer 
 had his eares made very bloody by fightinge ; and lookinge downe, hee saw the boy had a cloven 
 foote, at which sight hee was affraid, and ran away from him to seek the kyne. And in the 
 way hee sawe a light like a lanthorne, towards which he made hast, supposinge it to bee 
 carried by some of Mr, Robinson's people: but when hee came to the place hee onley found a 
 woman standinge on a bridge, whom, when hee sawe her, he knewe to bee Loynd wife ; and 
 
 knowinge
 
 Book in.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 215 
 
 knowinge her, he turned backe againe, and immediatly hee met with ye aforesed boy, from 
 whom he offered to run, which boy gave him a blow on the back, which caus'd him to crj'. 
 And hee farther saith, yt when hee was in the barne, he sawe three women take three pictures 
 from off the beame, in the which pictures many thornes, or such like things sticked, and yt 
 Loynd wife tooke one of the said pictures downe, but thother two women yt tooke thother two 
 pictures downe hee knoweth not. And beeinge further asked, what persons were at ye 
 meetinge aforesed, hee nominated these persons hereafter mentioned ; viz. Dickonson wife, 
 Henry Priestley wife and her sone, Alice Hrgreaves widdowe. Jennet Davies, Wm. Davies 
 tixor Hen. Jacks and her sone John, James Hargreaves of Marsden, Miles wife of Dicks, 
 James wife, Saunders sicut credit, Lawrence wife of Saunders, Loynd wife. Buys wife of Bar- 
 rowford, one Holgate and his wife sicut credit, Little Robin wife of Leonard's, of the West 
 Cloase. 
 
 " Edmund Robinson of Pendle, father of ye sd Edmunde Robinson, the aforesaid informer, 
 upon oath saith, that upon All Saints' Day he sent his sone, the aforesed informer, to fetch 
 home two kyne to scale, and saith yt hee thought his sone stayed longer than he should have 
 done, went to seeke him ; and in seekinge him, heard him cry very pitifully ; and found him 
 soe afraid and distracted, yt hee neither knew his father, nor did know where he was, and so 
 continued very neare a quarter of an hower before he came to himselfe; and he tould this 
 informer, his father, all the pticular passages yt are before declared in the said Edmund Robin- 
 son, his sone's information *." 
 
 Upon such evidence, these poor creatures were committed to Lancaster Castle for trial, not 
 greatly to the honour either of the understanding or humanity of the magistrates : for surely 
 the statute of witchcraft did not bind them to commit, upon any evidence, or upon none, or 
 to shut their eyes against apparent malice and imposture. On their trials they had the 
 misfortune of falling into the hands of a jury equally ignorant or prejudiced, who found seven- 
 teen of them guilty. The Judge, however, whose name I have not learned, very properly 
 respited the convicts, and reported the case to the King in council. They were next remitted to 
 the Bishop of Chester (Bridgeman), who, certifying his opinion of the case, whatever it was, four 
 of the party, Margaret Johnson, Francis Dicconson, Mary Spencer, and the wife of one of the 
 Hargreaves', were sent for to London, and examined, first by the King's physicians and sur- 
 geons, and afterwards by Charles L in person. 
 
 A stranger scene can scarcely be conceived ; and it is not ea?y to imagine, whether the 
 untaught manners, rude dialect, and uncouth appearance of these poor foresters, would more 
 astonish the king ; or his dignity of person and manners, together with the splendid scene with 
 which they were surrounded, would overwhelm them. The end, however, of the busine^ss was, 
 that strong presumptions appeared of the boy having been suborned to accuse them falsely, and 
 they were accordingly dismissed. The boy afterwards confessed that he was suborned. 
 
 After all this, how must the Reader be surprized to find, that one of the women had 
 actually confessed the fact with which she stood so injuriously charged. This was unknown to 
 Webster, the original relater of the story ; but appears from a paper in the Bodl. Lib. Dods. 
 MSS. V. LXL p. 47, which is here given. 
 
 * This copy of the deposition differs very materially from that of Webster, and i» iindoubteiUy more accurate, par- 
 ticularly in the proper names ; which, to a Lancashire ear, authenticate themselves. ■i^ttt' 
 
 I HE
 
 216 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV 
 
 THE CONFESSION OF MARGRET JOHNSON. 
 
 That betwixt seaven and eight yearcs since, shee beingc in her owne house in Marsden, 
 in a greate passion of anger and discontent, and withall pressed with some want, there appeared 
 unto her a spirit or devill in ye proportion or simihtude of a man, apparelled in a suite of 
 blacke, tyed about with silk points, who offered yt if shee would give him her soule bee would 
 supply all her wants, and bringe to her whatsoever shee did neede ; and at her appointment 
 would, in revenge, either kill or hurt whom or what shee desyred, weare it man or beast. 
 And saith, yt after a solicitation or two shee contracted and covenanted with ye said devill for 
 her soule. And yt ye said devill or spirit badde her call him by the name of Mamilian. And 
 when shee would have him to doe any thinge for her, call in Mamilian, and hee would bee ready 
 to doe her will. And saith, yt in all her talke or conference shee calleth her said devill, Mamil 
 my God. Shee further saith, yt ye said Mamilian, her devill, (by her consent) did abuse and 
 defile her body by committinge wicked uncleannesse together. And saith, yt shee was not at 
 the greate meetings at Hoarestones, at the forest of Pendle, upon All-Saints Day, where 
 But saith yt shee was at a second meetinge ye Sunday next after All-Saints Day, at the place 
 aforesaid, where there was, at yt tyme, between 30 and 40 witches, who did all ride to the 
 said meetinge, and the end of theire said meeting was to consult for the killinge and hurtinge 
 of men and beasts. And yt besides theire particular familiars or spirits, there was one greate 
 or grand devill, or spirit, more eminent than the rest. And if any desyre to have a greate and 
 more wonderfull devill, whereby they may have more power to hurt, they may have one such. 
 And sayth, yt such witches as have sharp bones given them by the devill to pricke them, have 
 no pappes or dugges whereon theire devil may sucke ; but theire devill receiveth bloud from the 
 place, pricked with the bone ; and they are more grand witches than any yt have marks. Shee 
 allsoe saith, yt if a witch have but one marke, shee hath but one spirit ; if two, then two spirits ; 
 if three, yet but two spirits. And saith, yt theire spirits usually have knowledge of theire 
 bodies. And being desyred to name such as shee knewe to be witches, shee named, &c. And 
 if they would torment a man, they bid theire spirit goe and tormt. him in any particular place. 
 And yt Good Friday is one constant day for a yearely generall meetinge of witches ; and yt on 
 Good Friday last, they had a meetinge neare Pendle water-syde. Shee alsoe saith, that men 
 witches usually have women spirits, and women witches me.i spirits. And theire devill or spirit 
 gives them notice of theire meetinge, and tells them the place where it must bee. And saith, 
 if they desyre to be in any place upon a sodaine, theire devill or spirit will, upon a rodde, 
 dogge, or any thinge els, presently convey them thither; yea, into any roome of a man's 
 house. But shee saith it is not the substance of theire bodies, but theire spirit assumeth such 
 form and shape as goe into such rooines. Shee also saith, yt ye devill (after he begins to sucke) 
 will make a pappe or dugge in a short tyme, and the matter which hee sucks is blood. And 
 saith yt theire devills can cause foule weather and storms, and soe did at theire meetings. Shee 
 alsoe saith, yt when her devill did come to sucke her })appe, hee usually came to her in ye 
 liknes of a cat, sometymes of one colour, and sometymes on an other. And yt since this trou- 
 ble befell her, her spirit hath left her, and shee never sawe him since *. 
 
 * Dodsworth's MSS. Vol. LXI. p. 47. 
 
 What
 
 Book HI.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 217 
 
 What account can be given of so strange a conduct? That an accused person, without 
 torture, which will often compel the sufferer, for present ease, to utter truth or falsehood 
 indifferently, as it may answer the purpose, should confess a capital crime, of which she knew 
 herself innocent, when the effects of such a confession would be nearly equivalent to a con- 
 viction ! It is not impossible, that in persons of weak understandings, dej)ressed and affrighted 
 almost to distraction, the strong persuasion of their guilt, which they observe in all about them, 
 may gradually produce an imagination that they really possess diabolical powers, and have had 
 diabolical communications, which they have not. 
 
 On the whole: — Of the system of Witchcraft, the real defect is not in theory but in evi- 
 dence. A possil>ility that the bodies of men may sometimes be given up to infernal agency is 
 no more to be denied, than that their souls should be exposed to infernal illusions : that such 
 appearances should be exhibited in one age, and withdrawn in another, is equally the case with 
 miracles : that they do not extend to all countries, is common to them and to Revelation itself. 
 But every modern instance of supposed witchcraft, which I have read of, is discredited either 
 by the apparent fraud or folly of the witnesses. Were I to behold with my own eyes such 
 circumstances as have often been related, or were they to be reported to me by a philosophical 
 observer of perfect integrity upon the evidence of his senses, I know not upon what principles 
 I could refuse my assent to the conclusion, that they were really the effects of diabolical 
 power*. 
 
 The boundaries of Pendle Forest, contiguous to those of Bernoldswick, had been peram- 
 bulated by the first Henry de Lacy, in person, on the day when he delivered possession of 
 that village to the monks ; and they are described to have extended " per Blakebroc et ita 
 " sursum ultra moram in directum usque ad Gailmers, et ita in directum usque ad caput de Gles- 
 " laghe, et ita in transitum montis qui vocatur Blacou, et ita usque ad Oxegill, et ita sursum usque 
 " ad Pike de Law qui vocatur Alainesete, inde usque ad antiquum fossatum inter Midhope et Col- 
 " redene." — The words antiquum fossatum (old dike), when referred to the reign of Stephen, prove 
 how early the forests were bounded by these haice dnminicales. In the perambulation of Bowland, 
 repeated mention is made of paling and dykes, where strong natural boundaries were wanting; and 
 the forest of Rossendale was divided from Cliviger by z fossatum yet remaining, called the Old 
 Dyke. 
 
 These boundaries seem to have been nearly forgotten : and it is remarkable, that not one 
 of these ancient names appears in the perambulation of the parish o/ Whalley, of which the 
 antiquity is uncertain, but which cannot be later than the reign of Edward III. as it is found in 
 the Coucher Rook of Abbot Lyndla)'. 
 
 On this account Henry de Lacy the second had encroached on the property of the monks at 
 Kirkstall, and his successors in the honor of Clitheroe seemed disposed to maintain the wrong. 
 This gave rise to a suit between that house and Queen Isabella, which produced the following 
 inquisition : — " The jurors find, that Hen. de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, had violently taken away 
 " 840 acres of moor and pasture, parcel of the commons of Bernoldswick, val. 35*. per ann. 
 
 * That tliesc opinions may not be accused of leanintj too niucli to the doctrines of exploded superstition, I will 
 take leave to refer my Readers to the following sentiment of a gieat and enlightened modern Divine: — "That for 
 " any thing we know, he (the devil) may (still) operate in the way of possession, I do not see on w hat certain groiuids 
 " any man can deny." — Bp. Hurd's Sermons, vol. III. p. "239. 
 
 2 F " and
 
 218 HISTORY OF WKALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 "and no more; that is, an halfpenny per acre, quia nullum extat ibi al'mm prqficuum 
 " capiendum, nisipasturafrisca pro grossls animalibus inde pascendis et dehilis exist it." — Inq. 
 7th Edw. II. 
 
 It was accordingly restored to the proper owners. During the time of this suit, it appears 
 that William de Tatham was keeper, and Ric. de Merclesden master-forester of Blackburnshire, 
 Mon. Ang. V. I. p. 858, &c. 
 
 In the inquisition of 1311, the pannage of Pendle was found to be sometimes of no value, 
 but comm. ann. worth 6s. 8d. — This is precisely the case at present, as acorns sometimes ripen, 
 and sometimes do not*. 
 
 IGHTENHILL PARK. 
 
 Separated from the forest of Pendle by the Calder, is Ightenhill Park-f-, another of the 
 demesnes of Clitheroe Castle, which, though never taken as a portion of the forest, may, from 
 its contiguity to it, most properly be noticed here. The ancient orthography of this word is 
 Hightenhull ; of which, though the meaning is sufficiently clear, the propriety is not very 
 apparent ; for it is, in fact, a soft and gentle swell of ground, rising from a curvature of the 
 Calder, to no very considerable height, but commanding some very pleasing views to the 
 North and West. Within this park was a very ancient manor-house of the Lacies, which was 
 certainly in existence as early as the 22d Henry III.;;}: or 1238, as appears from a grant of lands 
 in Tottington, given at Hightenhull in that year, the earliest date, excepting one, I have ever 
 met with in any of our charters. There is a tradition in the neighbourhood, that the house 
 was abandoned by the family in consequence of the last male heir having been killed by a fall 
 from a window. This is merely an echo of the genuine account given above, concerning the 
 untimely death of the heir of Henry de Lacy at Pontefract or Denbigh ; and is only mentioned 
 here, to shew how long traditions of real events may be propagated, and how seldom they are 
 found, when traced to their sources, entirely destitute of foundation, however they may have 
 been corrupted. 
 
 This park, with its appurtenances, is stated as follows, in the great Inquisition of 
 1311:— 
 
 Hightenhull, one cap. mess, worth, besides reprizes — 
 
 8 A. in demesne — — — — — 
 
 1 A. of meadow — — — — — — 
 
 A park, in circuit one league and half (leuca), the agistment of which 
 is worth — — — — — • — 
 
 151 A. demised to tenants at will — — — — 
 
 * I find, ftom the rolls of Clitheroe, A. 17 Hen. VIII. that there were certain grounds called Fence, within the 
 vaccarics of Sabden, West Close, and Higham, upon which the herde of the stagges, alwa\s before the deforesting, 
 had their several being ; and doubts having arisen with respect to the right of tlie tenants to the said lands, it is decreed 
 that they shall pass and endure to the said tenants as part of the said vaccaries. 
 
 t In the Inq. of Survey for the Rectory of Whalley, immediately before the foundation of the Abbey, Ightenhill is 
 included in the Chapelry of Brunley. 
 
 X In this date 1 had nearly been led into an error by Christopher Townley, who assigns this charter to 22d Hen. II. 
 
 or 1176. But the grantor was John de Lacy, earl of Lincoln, who did not succeed to the family estates till 1'211, and 
 
 died in 1240. 
 
 Halmot 
 
 0/. 
 
 . 0*. 
 
 od. 
 
 
 II*. 
 
 vmd. 
 
 
 I*. 
 
 
 
 XL5 
 
 
 
 ■LS. 
 
 vd.
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 581» 
 
 Halmot of the same, together with a certain revenue (prnficuum) 
 
 called Thistlelache* — — — — xl.?. 
 
 Vl/. XIVA-. If/. 
 
 The leuca or league {vide Spelman in voce) was extremely variable ; that of Domesday 
 Book was 1000 geometrical paces : the French league was twice the former; and this I conceive 
 to have been the measure intended here. 
 
 In tiie 21st Richard 11. I meet with a John le Parcour de Hightenhull. This was merely 
 a name of office, but gradually became hereditary; and I suspect, from several circumstances, 
 that the Parkers of Extwisle, could tlieir descent be traced to its source, would terminate in a 
 keeper of Ightenhill. 
 
 In the earlier part of the reign of Henry VIII. this park was in lease to the Townley family; 
 for, in the court-rolls at Clitheroe, A. 14° of that reign, is an inq. of survey, taken at the 
 instance of Sir John Townley, kt. in order to certify to the king's council the state in which the 
 Manor-house was then found. And, as this ancient mansion, which was sometimes probably a 
 royal residence, is now destroyed to the foundation, it will not be uninteresting to enumerate, 
 from this record, the names of its principal apartments, and to ascertain the precise state of 
 dilapidation and decay to which they were reduced, even at that early period. — " Juratores 
 " dicunt, quod magna aula et meremium (the timbers of the roof) ruit et prosternetur ad terram, 
 " et magna pars illius inde asportatur. Item dicunt, quod magna camera ad finem aulae ex 
 " occid. parte simili modo ut supradict. est. Item quod coquinaet domus pincernae et le Pantree 
 " defornentur. Item domus fornac. in simili modo ut sup. Item dicunt quod magnum OREU'-^ 
 " simili modo ut sup. est. Item quod longa camera ad finem aulae ex occid. ruit et prosternetur. 
 " Item, quod domus custodis parci adhuc exist, stans et desuper contect. cum Tegul. et Later. 
 " voc. Sclaitstons, et quod Hostia et Fenestrae illius asportatae sunt, et veresimileestcadere. Item 
 " quod CAPELLA^' ibm. adhuc existens, stans simili modo. Item stabulum simili modo, 
 " et in captione sive destructione meremii sive lapidum domorum pdict. Johannes Townley cul. 
 " non est invent." 
 
 The Park of Ightenhill continued to be held by Sir Richard Townley 4to. Edw. VI. and by 
 John Townley, esq. to about the 35th of Elizabeth, when Sir Ric. Shuttleworth grants a lease 
 of lands in Ightenhill Park, reciting and confirming the conditions granted in the former lease 
 by John Townley, Esq. — There was little difficulty, at that time, for a rising lawyer to displace 
 an obnoxious recusant. O si angulus ille, must frequently have been the wish of the Gawthorp 
 family, when they beheld that fair domain, which extended almost to their door; and what 
 
 * In the manor of Halton, also belonging to the Lacies, was a revenue (projicuum) caUed Thistletake. Loche, in the 
 dialect of Lancashire, is synonimous with take, and 1 therefore conclude the two words to be the same. Thistletake has 
 been understood to mean a payment exacted by lords of manors, for the depasturing of drove-beasts upon their com- 
 mons, even if they stayed to crop a thistle. — Dr. Pegge reads the word Tresseltake, and understands it to be a payment 
 made to the lord for every hog placed upon the tressel for slaughter : very improbably. 
 
 t This word, which was not very legible in the original roll, 1 now believe to be vreu , for Iwrreum. See oreum, in 
 Du Cange. 
 
 J From the Compotus of Whalley Abbey, A.D. 153G, it appears that the Chapel in the manor-house of Ightenhill was 
 then remaining; for, after an enumeration of the chapels within the castle-parish, follows this entrj' : — Ightenhill 
 furk <le perq. capellani. — Vide p. 89. 
 
 they
 
 XX "''*• 
 
 220 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 ihey thus acquired by lease, they have since converted into a fee simple, excepting merely the 
 site of the manor-housej which could not be ahenated without a transfer or an extinction of the 
 manor. 
 
 For it must be remembered that Ightenhill is one of the factitious manors within the parish, 
 which have grouped together several of the original ones, for the convenience of holding courts ; 
 and it consists of Ightenhill mag. and parv. Burnley, Habergham Eaves, Padiham, Marsden, 
 Briercliffe, and Heyhouses. 
 
 Of the Chases within Blackburnshire : the next is 
 
 TRAWDEN; 
 
 So called probably qu. Tronghden, the hollow or excavated valley, stretching from the summit 
 of Boolsworth to Colne Water, about four miles, and from the boundary of Briercliffe nearly to 
 Emot, about three. — It may therefore be estimated, allowing for irregularities in the outline, 
 at ten square miles, or 6,400 statute acres. At the time of the great Inq. or 1311, it consisted 
 of five booths or vaccaries : the agistment of each was valued at ten shillings. 
 
 In the commission of approvement, 22d Hen. VII. these were reduced to three ; namely, 
 Berdshaie Booth, of which the old rent paid by> improved rents. 
 
 John Hartley, JefiVey Hartley, and other ould >xl, xiii*. nnd. 
 tenants was ------ -J 
 
 Over and Nether Wycoller, old rent pd. by^ 
 *Peirs Foldes, Piers Hartley, and other ould ViiiiZ. xiii^s. i\d. 
 tenants - - - - - - -J 
 
 Wynewall _______ yi/. 
 
 A very moderate advance for the latter years of Henry VH. 
 
 The name of BerdsJiaghbooth is now become obsolete, and is lost in that of Trawden proper. — 
 To these has since been added Emot Moore, a more recent improvement, which pays l/. 5*. id.; 
 and as the last improved rents of Henry VH. were fixed and rendered perpetual by the decree of 
 James 1. the whole forest now pays 29I. 5*. 1^. 
 The next, and most extensive of the chaces, is 
 
 ROSS EN DALE; 
 
 Which, including Brandwood, Cohope, and Lench, originally members of it, though in the 
 parishes of Rochdale and Bury, cannot contain less than twenty-foursquare miles, or 15,360 
 statute acres. I was once inclined to deduce this word from the British rhon, a bottom ; but 
 the following etymology, for which I am indebted to Baxter (vid. Gloss, in voc. Carnovacce) 
 is much more apjiropriate. Pugus iste, de Russeo puto graminum colore, Rossen dicitur, 
 nam ejusmodi ericeum puscuum Britannorum viilgo Rhos dicitur. If there was a circumstance 
 about the place which would strike the observation of the first colonists above every other, it 
 must have been the brown and dreary hue of its native herbage, which the labours of three cen- 
 turies have not been able to overcome. 
 
 * Ancestor of the ancient family of the Foldes's of Trawden, still resident in that place. The estate of the 
 
 Hartleys passed, by mairiage, to the Cunliffes of HoUins, in Accrington, and is now the property of Hen. Owen 
 
 Cunliffe, esq. 
 
 Within 
 
 vi/. 
 
 viii/. xiiw. \vd.
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 221 
 
 Within this chace, in the neighbourhood of Broadclough, are the remains of an entrench- 
 ment called the Dykes, to which no tradition is annexed that may serve to ascertain either its 
 antiquity, or the end it was designed to answer. It is cut out from the gentle slope of a rising 
 ground, in one direction, nearly parallel to the horizon, for more than 600 yards in length, 
 not exactly in a right line, but following the little curvatures of the surface. In one part of the 
 line, for about 100 yards, it appears to have been levelled ; and in another, where it crosses a 
 clough, is not very distinct: but more than 400 yards of the line exhibit a trench eighteen 
 yards broad in the bottom, and of proportionate depth: — a most gigantic, and at the same 
 time almost inexplicable work, as it could only have been intended for some military purpose; 
 and yet, in its present state, must have been altogether useless as a fortification : for, though it 
 would have defended a great army in front, yet their flanks might have been turned with 
 the greatest ease, and the whole might have been destroyed in their trenches, from the high 
 grounds which immediately command it. On the whole, I am inclined to think it one 
 side of a vast British camp, which was intended to have been carried round the crown of the 
 hill ; but for some reason, never to be recovered by us, was left in its present unfinished 
 and useless state. Abating for the herbage with which it is covered, the present appearance 
 of it is precisely that of an unfinished modern canal, though much deeper and wider in its 
 dimensions. 
 
 At the time of the great Inq. in 1311, here were eleven vaccaries (or loci vaccarum, as they 
 are called), of which the herbage is valued at ten shillings each. These were increased, in later 
 times, to nineteen, including the laund or park of Musbury. 
 
 The following are the names of the booths, together with the advanced rent* of each, as 
 settled under the commission 22d Henry VII. which was afterwards perpetuated and confirmed 
 by the decree of James I. 
 
 Gamulside — — — — i\l. 
 
 Dunnockshawe — — — 11/. iii*. \vd. 
 
 Love Clough — — — — v/. 
 
 Goodshavve — — — vl. \\s. vii'"l°. 
 
 Cravvshaweboothe — — — x/. iv*. 
 
 Constablelee — — — — \l. 
 ^ Rawstonstall 
 
 Dedqueneclough — — — x/. 11*. \nd. 
 
 Wolfenden Boothe — — iv/. xvii.y. nd.°^. 
 
 Tunstead — — — — \l. ynis. 
 
 Lenches — — — i\l. \is. wnd. 
 
 Cowhope — — — v/. xiii.y. i\d.''^. 
 
 Newhall Heye — — — vii/. xiii*. i\d. 
 
 Oakenheade Woode — — ix/. ix*. ud."^. 
 
 Musbury — — — xiii/. i*. wild. 
 
 * My copy of the Decree of Henry VII. being defective in the end, I am not able to state the ancient rents of Ros- 
 
 sendale and Accrington. 
 
 t Of which tlie old orthography was Routandstall, and the adjoining clough Routanddough, from the Saxon 
 
 hpvtan, strepere, the brawling brook. 
 
 Hoddleden
 
 '^22 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 * Hoddleden — — — ix/. xix*. xn/. 
 
 Bacope — — — xil. xvis. viud. 
 
 Wolfenden — — — xiii/. vs. \d. 
 
 Henheads — — — — xiii*. 
 
 We will now endeavour to collect what can be retrieved concerning the vaccaries ; and, 
 first, of the 
 
 PARK OF MUSBURV, 
 so called qu. Mooj-byjaij^, the hill of moss, from Mooj-, the Saxo-Danish genitive of Mooji-}-, 
 a brown conical hill on the confines of Rossendall and Tottington, anciently inclosed as a lawnd 
 for the lord's deer. 
 
 Custody of the herbage of Musbury + was granted to James de RadclifFe, by John of Gaunt, 
 18 Ric. II.§ 
 
 § A lease is also granted of the park of Musbury to Ric. RadclifFe of RadclifFe, for twenty 
 years, at the rent of viii/. vi.9. viiirf. 9th Edw. IV. The same renewed to the same for the 
 like term, at the expiration of the former, and at the old rent. 
 
 Bacope and Newhall-hey, 5 Hen. V. The King grants to John Booth, of Barton, Esq. 
 his vaccary of Bacope, within his forest of Rossyndall, and a certain pasture called Newhall- 
 hey, for the term of ten years, ita quod p'dict. Jo. Booth et assignati, non interjicient neque 
 destruent aliquasferas bestias infra forest am prcedictam. — Townl. MSS. g. I7. 
 
 Dedquene Cloghe, of which a lease was granted to James de Greenhalgh, in the minority of 
 Henry VI. year uncertain. — Test. Humph. Due. Glocester, cust. Angl. apud Lancaster. 
 
 The first mention of Rossendale, by name, is in the memorable story of Liwlphus, dean of 
 Whalley, who, at a place called Ledmesgreve, cut ofF the tail of a wolf in hunting. The 
 ordinary period allowed by chronologers to human life, together with the number of deans in 
 succession from Liwlphus, to those whose sera is ascertained, will carry up this event to Canute, 
 in whose charter of the forest we have seen that the existence of this animal in England, though 
 contrary to the vulgar tradition, is expressly referred to. 
 
 The first part of this tract, which was inclosed and planted with inhabitants, was Brand- 
 wood, which was granted by Roger de Lacy, about the year 1200, to the abbot and convent of 
 Stanlaw, in the same charter which conveys to them four oxgangs of land in Recedham. 
 
 " Sciant, &c. quod ego Rogerus de Lacy, dedi et concessi in foresta mea pasturam illam 
 " quae dicitur Brandewode, ad coram animalia pascenda per divisas subnotatas, scilicet a 
 " Goresithlache usque Cohopeheved, et sic sicut Cohope descendit in Irevvell, et sicut Ire- 
 " well descendit usque Fulbacope, deinde ascendendo usque Saltergate, et sic usque Hamstale- 
 " clohe, sic usque |1 Senesgreve ^ et per transitum musae (sic**) usque Cumbeheph : habebunt 
 
 * In the Inq. of 1311, Hoddlesden is neither included in Rossendale nor Accrinton. 
 
 t Vide Dr. Hickes ap. Thorcsby's due, p. 267. 
 
 : Here are three smaU subdivUions of the hamlet, called Ugden, Musden, and Holden; of which the first U caUed 
 the " Trippet," or third part of Ugden ; the only instance which I know of the subdivision of an hamlet —but it claims 
 the rights of a constablewick. 
 
 § Townl. MSS. 
 
 II Probably miswritten for Fotbacope, or Bacop Foot. 
 
 % Which I suspect to be an error of the writer for the Lenesgreve, or Ledmesgreve, of Liwlphus. 
 
 ** But more probably i>/or<E— unless Musa be meant for Moss. 
 
 " autem
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 223 
 
 " autem praedicti monachi in pastura ilia C. vaccas cum exitu 1 1 annorum, et si animalia ibi 
 " habuero, eorum animalia pascentur ibidem in latitudine et longitudine ubicunque mea ani- 
 " malia, &c. Testibus, Turgesio, abb. de Kirkstall. Ric. de Cest. Enst. de Cest. fratribus meis." 
 And in the l8th Ed. III. a suit which R. de Radcliffe, Master Forester of Pendle, brought 
 against the abbot and convent of Whalley, for puture of the foresters, which certainly was not 
 reserved by the grantor in the former charter, according to the usual form, salva foresta mea, 
 produced this curious account of the first population of Brandwood : — " Inveniunt juratores 
 " quod temp. Reg. Johan. non erat in preedicta placea de Brandwode, aliquod manerium nee 
 " aliqua mansio, immo fuit vastum, non edificatum neq. cultum, et fuit parcella p'dicta;. forestae 
 " de P^nhuli ; et dicitur quod tempore regis Henric. proavi regis nunc quidam abbas qui tunc 
 *' fuit primus construxit et edificavit domos in p'dicto vasto de Brandwode, et magnam partem 
 " vasti includi fecit, quod nunc vocatur Manerium de Brandwode." 
 
 In this instance alone does Rossendale appear to be included within the chace of Pendle. 
 Again, John de Lacy, son of Roger, by charter directed to his bailiffs and foresters, grants 
 to the abbot and convent of Stanlaw licence " falcandi faenum in foresta mea de Rossyndale, ad 
 " sustentanda in yeme averia quae illic habeant. 
 
 We are not to suppose that this charter has any reference to inclosed and cultivated meadows, 
 but that it was merely a permission to cut and carry away the native herbage of the foi'est ; which, 
 as it was probably much understocked either with deer or cattle, would afford some moist and 
 level spots of luxuriant vegetation. 
 
 This representation will give a modern farmer very low ideas of the husbandry of the 13th 
 century in the forests ; but, in truth, the vast quantities of sheep and cattle which were anciently 
 slaughtered at the approach of winter, prove a general inattention to the important article of 
 winter-fodder throughout the kingdom, at that period. 
 
 The abbots of Stanlaw set an example of inclnsure and improvement, which had no followers 
 during three centuries; for, in the *3d Henry VIII. the inhabitants of the several vaccaries 
 within Rossendale describe themselves as consisting of no more than 80 souls, or about one 
 family to a booth. 
 
 This and some other interesting facts-f-, with respect to the progressive population of Rossendale, 
 appears from a decree of the commissioners of pious uses, 4th Ed. VI. which recites a petition 
 of the inhabitants, stating — "That forty-four years before, or thereabouts (referring to the 
 " date of Henry VI I. 's commission of approvement) the forest of Rossendale was replenished 
 " only or chiefly with foresters and keepers of the deer; but upon representation to king 
 " Henry VII. and afterwards to king Henry VIII. that if the deer were taken away, the forest 
 " was likely to come to some good purpose, the said forest was disforested and granted, demised 
 " and let forth in divers sorts, some for a term of years, some by cojjy of court-roll ; so that, 
 " whereas before that time was nothing else but deer and other savage and wild beasts, there 
 " is since, by industry of the inhabitants, grown to be very fertile ground, well replenished 
 
 * Vide infra. • 
 
 t This circumstance, together with the peculiar dialect of Rossenilale, so different from the rest of the parish of 
 
 Whalley, so similar to that of the adjacent district of Brandwood, inoves to me, beyond a doubt, that the population of 
 
 Rossendale was a colony from Brandwood. The small number of sirnames in this tract proves, if any proof were 
 
 wanting, its recent colonization. 
 
 " with
 
 224 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book III.— Chap. IV 
 
 " with people. And forasmuch as the Castle Church of Clitheroe, being their parish-church, is 
 " distant twelve miles from the said forest, and the wais very foul, painful, and perilous, and 
 " the country in the winter season is so extremely and vehemently cold, that infants born 
 " to church are in great peril of their lives, and the aged and impotent people, and women 
 " great with child, not able to travel so far to hear the word of God, and the dead corpses there 
 " like to remain unburied at such times for want of carriage, till such time as great annoyance 
 " doth grow thereby: the premises considered, the inhabitants of the said forest, about thirty- 
 " eicht years past (1512), or thereabouts, at their proper costs made a chapel of ease in the 
 "said forest; since the disforesting of which, from eighty persons in the forest there are 
 " grown to 1000, young and old." A remarkable increase, but more than equalled in later 
 times. 
 
 At the same time (3d Henry VIII.) one Lettice Jackson, widow, vested in feoffees certain 
 lands situated in different parts of Rossendale, for the use of the New Church of our Saviour in 
 Rossendaie, which the conmiissioners of chantries, either from their inconsiderable value at 
 that time, or for some other reason which we are not acquainted with, forbore to seize upon (an 
 instance of forbearance never practised by them in any other case), and decreed that Laurence 
 Ashworth should hold and occupy the place of parson of the said church. 
 
 These lands, though some part of them appears to have been lost by the neglect, or some- 
 thing worse than neglect, of the feoftees, were valued in the latter end of the last century 
 but one, at ^.50 per annum; and form the endowment of the Chapel, the most valuable curacy 
 in the patronage of the vicar of Whalley. 
 
 After the death of the last incumbent, the value of this cure occasioned, as we have already 
 seen, a long contest for the patronage, betwixt Dr. Keene, then bishop of Chester, and 
 Mr. Johnson, the late vicar of Whalley, grounded on a decree of the chancellor of the dutchy, 
 4 Edward VI. that the ordinary should appoint a minister : but as the original decree could not 
 be found in the registry at Chester, or elsewhere, the vicar presented as of common right, and 
 the ordinary was compelled to license his antagonist's presentee. 
 
 The following catalogue of the incumbents of this church, proves the situation to be very 
 favourable to longevity. 
 
 Minister before the dissolution of the chantries, and 
 continued by the commissioners afterwards. 
 
 Laurence Ashworth, - 
 
 { 
 
 William Horrock. 
 
 James Kershaw occurs 1C07, 
 
 Robert Dewhurst occurs 1650. He 
 seems to have gone out upon the 
 Bartholomew act, and to have been 
 succeeded by 
 
 By the Lambeth Inquisition of that year, it is found, 
 that the chapel of Newchurch in Rossendale is pa- 
 rochial, the chapelry consisting of Dedwen Clough, 
 Tunsted, Woolfenden Booth, and part of Wolfen- 
 den and Bakcop, which contain, in all, 300 families, 
 desiring to be made a parish : that the minister re- 
 ceived no allowance but what was paid by the inha- 
 bitants. Lambeth MSS. 912. 
 
 Thomas
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEV. 
 
 225 
 
 Thomas Saunders. 
 
 Of whom his successor has given this account in the 
 parochial register : " Tho. Saunders presbyter, 
 Christi Dili nostri servus humiHs, honestis moribus 
 prgeditus, ecclesiae Anglicanae pastor vigilans, artium 
 bonarum studiosus, in hac gente rustica Rossenda- 
 Vix, per spatium SS annorum phis minus commo- 
 ratus est. Qui per varies casus longo tempore jac- 
 tatus deinde in patriam suam nativam Com. Cest. 
 discessit. Et ipsa hora in qua domum suam in- 
 gressus est, placide inter famihares expiravit. Se- 
 ^ pultus apud Mag. Budvvorth, 9° die Nov. 1 695. 
 
 Thomas Leigh. 
 
 John Welch, died about 176'2. 
 
 John Sharrock, A. M. 
 
 Nicholas Rigby Baldwin, A. M. 
 
 The original chapel of the 3d Henry VIII. having been calculated only for the slender 
 population of that period, was pulled down, and the present church erected upon its site in 
 1561. It is a very decent structure, with a nave, side ailes, choir, and tower, but without any 
 sepulchral memorials of importance. 
 
 Not thirty years after the erection of Newchurch, arose a chapel of ease, high up in the 
 forest, at Goodshaw, a proof of the rapid increase of population, for by deed of covenant, dated 
 Dec. 16, 35 Henry VIII. it was condescended and agreed between, &c. &c. that " they should 
 *' found, edify, and build one chapel in honor of God, our blessed Lady and all Saints, in a 
 " certain place within the forest of Rossendale, called Morrell height, for the easement of the 
 " said parties, and of their neighbours the inhabitants of Crawshaw Booth, Gambleside, Good- 
 " shaw, and Love Clough, and all other the king's liege people, which shall be disposed to 
 " hear mass and other divine service in the said chapel." 
 
 A very humble edifice was erected accordingly; and growing ruinous a few years ago, was 
 replaced by another not much more ornamental. 
 
 By the Lambeth Inquisition of 1650, it was found that the chapel of Goodshaw was not 
 parochial; that the chapelry consisted of seventy families; no minister or maintenance; but a 
 house and back-yard, value 10*. and that they desire to be made a parish. 
 
 In the course of the last century the manufacturing village of Bacope *, within this forest, 
 increased from seven or eight families to 306 houses, and ],426 souls, of which it was found 
 to consist by an accurate enumeration in October I798. In consequence of this rapid increase 
 of population, a spacious and handsome chapel vvds erected by the very laudable zeal of some 
 of the principal inhabitants, in the year 1788, and consecrated by Dr. Cleavtr, then bishop of 
 Chester, August l6th, in that year. 
 
 On the ridge of the hill, which forms the North-east boundarj- of Rossendale, are consi- 
 derable remains of the Haia Dominicalis, now called the Old Dyke: within tliis, but in a 
 
 * Qu. Bay-cop, the cop or hillock where the deer stood at baj ? 
 
 piece
 
 226 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 piece of ground, though anciently inchided in the forest, now by prescription belonging to 
 Cliviger, is the real source of the Irewel *. Of this rich and useful stream, the Historian of 
 Manchester, b. 1. c. 7. informs us, " That it wells gently from a double fountain near the 
 " upper part of an hill, between Broadclough and Holme in Rossendale ; that it carries its 
 " waters on the western side of Mancenion, and was therefore denominated Ir Gaeil, Irwell, 
 " Irvvill, or the Western Torrent." A more accurate acquaintance with the face of the country, 
 and with the dialect of its inhabitants, compels me to differ from the learned antiquary both in 
 his statement of facts, and in his conjectures on this subject: for, in the first place. Holme, as 
 1 have reason to know, is not in Rossendale, but in Cliviger : and, secondly, the only genuine 
 source of this river is at the foot of Dirplay-hill, once within the forest, but now in Cliviger as 
 above stated, where it flows from a cojjious fountain universally known by the name Erewell. 
 Not far beneath, however, rises another spring called Whitewell, which after a course of several 
 miles unites with the principal stream, and these, I suppose, constitute together the double 
 fountain of which Mr. Whitaker was told. 
 
 And, with respect to the etymology of the word, I fear we must be contented to deduce it 
 from a nearer and less venerable source than the British language : for, Ere, in the semi-saxon 
 dialect of this neighbourhood, is hoar used as a substantive ; and very high grounds, which are 
 often grey with sleet or hoar-frost, while the meadows and pastures beneath remain unsprin- 
 kled, are said to be in the Ere. Now this remark is strikingly verified in Derplay-hill, which 
 many times in every winter presents an hoary head, while the low lands of Rossendale retain 
 their native brown. Erewell, therefore, is the spring in the Ere. The neighbouring White- 
 well, probably, derives its name from the same circumstance, and the very next elevation North- 
 west of Derplay-hill, in ancient charters (for the present coarse orthography of the word rests 
 on no authority) is styled Hor, or Horelaw. 
 
 Irwell is first mentioned in the charter of Brandwood by Roger de Lacy, about the year 
 1200, and should any future litigation arise, in which the name of this stream is involved, a 
 reference to that authentic document would determine its real course. 
 
 The great increase of population both here and over the whole chace of Rossendale, is solely 
 to be ascribed to the woollen manufactory, which appears to have been attracted hither by the 
 smallness of the estates into which the country was distributed ; not sufficient to support the 
 owners or employ their dependents ; by the plenty and cheapness of coal ; and above all, by the 
 great abundance and rapid descent of the streams, of which almost every foot of fall is em- 
 ployed in working mills ; so well have art and industry compensated for blessings which had 
 been denied by nature. 
 
 Last among the chases of Blackburnshire is 
 
 JCCRIXGTON, 
 
 Sometimes considered as a member of Rossendale, but more anciently as an independent 
 portion of the demesnes of Clitheroe. 
 
 * Irwel, (saith Harrison) a notable water, riseth above Bacop, .and goeth thence to Rossendale, and in the way to 
 Aytonfield it taketh in a water from Haselden. After this confluence it goeth to Newhall, Brandlesam, and Bury, and 
 above Ratcliffe joineth with the Rache, a favrc stream. 
 
 At
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 327 
 
 At the time of the great Inquisition in 13 II, here was a capital messuage — val, nihil. 
 
 L. s. D. 
 
 In Demesne, xxx acres . - - x o 
 
 Demised to tenants at will, cvi acres i xv vi 
 
 Four vaccaries, at x*. each - - 11 o o 
 
 One water-mill _ _ _ _ 100 
 
 a^.v V VI 
 
 In consequence of a deficiency in my copy of the commission of Henry VII. I am not able 
 to give the names of these vaccaries, or the improved rents paid severally by each ; but the whole 
 sum, as settled under that commission and paid at present, is ^.33. 4^. 2^d. 
 
 However, by a lease (date uncertain) the vaccary of Antley, in the forest of Rossendale, was 
 granted to John Rushton for ten years. Townley MSS. g. 13. 
 
 Having now considered the four chaces of Blackburnshire particularly, it may be proper to 
 attend to a few circumstances recorded in the great Inquisition as common to them all : 
 
 The winter agistment and herbage of Trawden, PenhuU, Rossendall, ") 
 Hoddesdene, and Romesgreve, was found to be worth - - J 
 
 Summer agistment of the same ------- 
 
 Profits of the sale of hay, viz. for every cart load mown and carried away 1 
 \d. comm. ann. --------- J 
 
 Profits of old wood, charcoal, &c. sold for the use of iron forges, comin. ann 
 
 L. 
 
 S. 
 
 D. 
 
 > I 
 
 IX 
 
 VIII 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 VI 
 
 VIII 
 
 
 IX 
 
 IV 
 
 IV V VIII 
 
 With respect to these statements of ancient economy, the following observations occur : 
 
 1st. The profit of winter agistment must have arisen principally from sheep, which in 
 most countries require a change of air and herbage at different seasons of the year, and in the 
 mountainous parts of Lancashire must necessarily be withdrawn from the high grounds in 
 winter, yet cannot be trusted to meadows or very fertile plains : lower grounds, therefore, com- 
 paratively barren, must be sought out for their winter habitation ; and such were the more shel- 
 tered parts of the forests. 
 
 2d. The smallness of the profits arising from wood and charcoal proves that the native 
 forests were in a great measure decayed in 13II, for, if we multiply the sum of 9 : 4 so as to 
 bring it to the present standard, much more advantage would be made of the old wood, &c. 
 grown upon the same grounds at present. 
 
 But, perhaps, a demand for these articles might be wanting. 
 
 THE
 
 228 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. [Book III —Chap. IV 
 
 THE MANOR OF TOTTIXGTON. 
 
 Another member of the honor of Clitheroe, which belongs not indeed to the demesnes and 
 forests of Blackburnshire, but, as it never formed a part of the original parish of Whalley, has 
 no claim to any other place in this account, and may, therefore, most properly be considered 
 here on account of its contiguity to Rossendale. And as this district has no other than a feudal 
 connection with the honor of Clitheroe, it will be considered principally in that relation. 
 
 I have said that Tottington belonged not to the forests, and, in strictness of language, 
 it did not, yet, in the very first charter in which the name is found, John de Lacy grants certain 
 lands abutting upon " Pilgrim-crosse-slack in Foresta de Tottington. Dat. ap. Ightenhill *, 
 22d Henry II. Test. Galf. Doc. de Whalley." Thus Saddleworth is called a forest -j-, and for 
 the same reason only, viz. that both were dreary and uncultivated tracts, rejected or overlooked 
 at the first distribution of property, and therefore fallen, as lands unclaimed, into the hands 
 of the lords. 
 
 Tottington, however, had anotlier and better claim to the name of forest, for I find that 
 Roger de Montbegon gave to the priory of Monk Bretton, in the county of York, the pasture 
 of Holecombe, reserving to himself the wild beasts, and pasture for his cattle, within certain 
 bounds. 
 
 By a second charter, about 1236, he grants all Holecombe: and by a third, totmnjureatam 
 de Holecombe, thereby releasing the reservation of his first grant. Burton's Mon. Ebor. p. qG. 
 
 By a fourth charter, ibid, the same grantor conveys to the said priory three acres of meadow 
 near Pilgrim-crosse-charche (I suppose an error of the pen or press for churche), which seems 
 to countenance an opinion that this was a resting-place of the pilgrims, (see under Whalley 
 Abbey), and that they had a chapel here for their devotions. 
 
 Where this cross and chapel stood, or whether tlie latter were on the site of the present 
 chapel of Holcombe, I am not informed ; but of the last, tradition reports, that it was once 
 a prison, and an adjoining eminence the place of execution belonging to it;};. It is, indeed, not 
 improbable, that the Lacies or Montbegons, who were mesne lords of Tottington under them, 
 might have a local jurisdiction here extending to capital offences. 
 
 The composition of the word Holcombe is, in one instance, among many, of the combi- 
 nation of two or more syllables of local names, expressing the same idea in different and suc- 
 cessive languages. Thus Cwm. in British, and pol. in Saxon, both denote a bottom. The 
 lands granted by Montbegon to the priory of Monkbretton, were, with an immense quantity 
 of others, regranted to John Braddyll, of Whalley, Gent, the great dealer in this unsafe com- 
 modity, by letters patent of Henry VIII. dated March 23, anno regni 36, under the description 
 of " onrnes illas terras, &c. jacent. in Holcame, al. diet. Holcome et Tottington, com. Lane, 
 nuper Prioratui de Monkbretton, com, Ebor. dudum spectantes." Braddyll, MSS. No. 57. 
 
 * fide supra, under Ightenhill. From the attestation of GeofTry, dean of AMialley, 1 am now con\inced that the 
 error of Christoplier Townley did not lie, as I before conjectured, in substituting HeniT II. for Henry III. but John, 
 for Robert de Lacy. This will therefore remain the oldest dated transaction but one in the records of Blackburnshire. 
 
 t Vide cart. W. de .Stapleton, under Rochdale. 
 
 + A Grant of the Furca or Gallows within Tottington was obtained by Edmund de Lacy from Henry 111. 
 Townley MSS. 
 
 I have
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 229 
 
 I have once seen it stj'led (Tovvnley MSS.) the honor of Tottington, an appellation to which, 
 though holding of the superior honor of Clitheroe, it seems entitled, from the number and 
 opulence of the manors dependent upon itself; for to the court of Tottington the Earl of Derby 
 owes suit and service for his manor of Bury; Lord Suffield for the manor of iVJiddleton; Sir 
 Thomas Horton for Chatterton, and the Lever family for Alkerington. 
 
 The great Inquisition for Tottington is as follows : 
 
 TOTTINGTON IN SALFORD. 
 
 A capital messuage ---____.. 
 
 c acr. demised to tenants at will _______ 
 
 VIII oxgangs, demised in like manner .___-_ 
 The park of Musbury * ________ 
 
 A separate pasture _____.__. 
 
 Water Mill ------_._-- 
 
 Profits of Court --_-______ 
 
 Sir Henry de Bury-}- owes suit and service at the court of Bury for") 
 half a knight's fee. J 
 
 Roger de Middleton owes the same for half a knight's fee. 
 Henry de TrafFord, for Chatterton, with its appurtenances, i knight's fee. 
 Adam de Prestwich, for Alkerington, fourth part of a knight's fee. 
 Henry de Bury, for half the manor of Shuttleworth. 
 
 Ric. de Radcliffe for xx acres in Tottington _ _ - - - mo 
 
 Roger de Chatterton xii acres omitted to be charged. 
 Rob. de Bradshagh _.-___.-- i ob. 
 
 ua 
 
 s. 
 
 D. 
 
 
 VI 
 
 O 
 
 I 
 
 XIII 
 
 IV 
 
 I 
 
 IV 
 
 o 
 
 
 XIII 
 
 IV 
 
 
 X 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 VII o IX ob. 
 
 Such, then, is the manor, honor, or forest of Tottington ^, which stretches about five miles 
 on the banks of the Irwell, and far up the sides of the adjoining hills, from Elton southward, to 
 the great opening into the parish of Whalley northward, a tract approximating in soil and 
 climate to the Apennine of Lancashire, and upon which its warm and wealthy feudatories of 
 Bury, Middleton, Chatterton, and Alkerington, if ever they remember their dependence at all, 
 will, probably, look upward with contempt. 
 
 * Vide Rossendale, to which it was afterwards annexed. 
 
 t In the 9th Edward IV. a licence was granted to Thomas Pilkinton, to kernel and embattle his manor-house of 
 Bury. Townley MSS. G. 13. This was the old mancrial residence of the Burys, and afterwards of the Pilkintons, upon 
 the attainder of the last of whom, it was gi anted lo Thomas earl of Derby; the remains of the moat, which are still 
 visible, were mistaken by Mr. Peicival for a llonian station ; for which he has been very properly corrected by the 
 Historian of Manchester. 
 
 J The Greenhalghs, of Brandlesome, were hcrcditory Bailiffs of Tottington. MS. pen. C. Chadwick, Ar. 
 
 BO J f LAND.
 
 230 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III —Chap. IV. 
 
 BOJf'LAND. 
 
 Having now surveyed tlie forest of Bku kburns'nire and its sub-divisions, it remains that we 
 turn northward, where we shall find another of the demesnes of Clitheroe, a forest till very 
 lately " peopled with its old inhabitants." 
 
 Bowland is undoubtedly so denominated, as having been famous in the Saxon times for the 
 exercise of archery. The first mention of the word is in the Status de Blackburnshire, which 
 evidently refers it to a period as early as the foundation of* the Deanery of Whalley. The 
 circumstances relating to its ecclesiastical history will be noticed below. It was undoubtedly a 
 member of that great fee, which the Conquerer bestowed upon Roger de Poitou, and was by 
 him granted either to Ilbert or Robert de Lacy; but thus much is certain, that Robert de Lacy 
 obtained from Henry L a grant of Boeland, which he had before held of Roger de Poitou, to 
 be henceforward held of the king in capite-}-. Thus it appears that this portion of the de- 
 mesnes of Clitheroe Castle was held under a title distinct from that of the Honour itself. 
 
 The whole tract of country vulgarly called Bowland, and consisting of the parishes of 
 Slaydburn and Mitton, together with the forest, is now equally a member of the fee or honor of 
 Clitheroe, and was equally comprehended within the original parish of Whalley : the two 
 former, however, were separated at an early period from their mother church, and at the time 
 of the Domesday survey, were taken as portions of the manor of Grindleton, as they have since 
 been of Slaydburn. But the forest of Bowland, in the strict sense, was, in its civil relation, 
 included, from its first acquirement by the Lacies, in the demesnes of the castle, and subject 
 to the court of Woodmote alone, and, in its ecclesiastical, was always a portion of the extra- 
 parochial tract called the castle parish, and uniformly paid tylhes to the abbey of Whalley, 
 after the annexation of the chapel of St. Michael in Castro. 
 
 The knowledge of this distinction is so nearly lost, and the precise boundaries of the forest 
 so ill ascertained, that circumstances may be foreseen, in which it would answer even a legal 
 purpose to have retraced them with a reference to original authorities. 1st, Then, the follow- 
 ing memorandum from the books now lost, of the vigilant and learned abbot Lyndlay, is 
 extracted from Harl. Libr. MS. 1830: "Memorandum quod quondam erat in Bowland 
 quaedam Capella, quae Brennand Capella vocabatur, quae quidem Capella tum pertinens erat ad 
 ecclesiam parochialem de Whalley. Unde omnes decani praedictae ecclesiae invenerunt capel- 
 lanum quotannis sumj)tibus suis ibidem celebrantem. Et quidem illo tempore, nullimoda 
 sepulchralia ibidem habebantur: corpora mortuorum totius forestae de Bowland deferebantur 
 apud Whalley, (this was before the foundation of the castle or church of Clitheroe) tanquam ad 
 ecclesiam matricem, et tunc temporis omnes decimationes, tum majorcs, tum minores totius 
 forestae de Bowland, scilicet de Brenand, de Trough, ubi illi de Whittltdale nunc habitant, et 
 de Sike, de Harden, de Staplehaw, Thorneyholme, Grishurste et de Bathwarges (Batterax) 
 sicut le Frithbroke descendit usque ad aquam Hodre p'dictae ecclesiae de Whalley penitus solve- 
 bantur, ubi locus adhuc a multis cognoscitur, ubi praedicta capella fuit sita." 
 
 * " Quondam erat in Bowland ([iiredam Capella qua; Brennand vocabatur ; unde Omnes Decani (de Whalley) in- 
 venerunt Capellanum. 
 
 •f Dugd. Bar. vol. I. p. 99. " Ex autographo nup. in Cast, de Pontefract." 
 
 2d. This
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 231 
 
 2d. This perambulation* of the forest of Bowland will completely ascertain the boundaries, 
 EO far as the ancient names are now intelligible. 
 
 " Universis sancte Matris Ecclesiae filiis Jacobus Stanley -|-, Archidiaconus Cestrie, Sal". 
 Noveritis nos inspexisse Registrum Abbatis et Conventus INIonasterii Beate Marie de Whalleye, 
 in haec verba : — 
 
 '•' Mem" de Terminis et Bundis Capellae S'cti Michaelis Archangeli in Castro de Cliderhow, 
 annexe et unite ecclesie parochial! de Whalleye, notatis et determinatis per Dom. Jotiem Lynd- 
 lay, S. T. P. quondam Abbtem Monasterii Beate Marie de Whalleye praedict. et Dom. Thorn. 
 Halton quondam rectorem ecclesie parochialis de Slaydburn. 
 
 " Imp*. Rawcrosse and Newhay-head, bounding upon the parish of Slaydburn, and from New- 
 hay-head following westward unto Longshaw, and from Longshaw unto Grypden-head, and 
 following upp the Oakenclough unto the Height of Kytcholme, and from Kytcholme to Fyldynge 
 Clough Head, then to the Desu| Clough Head, and so the water of Hoder; then following upp 
 the Water of Hoder to the Deptj-nge between the Dukes Ground called Thorniholme and Ha- 
 merton Lands, and so unto the Water of Hoder, and so following Water of Hoder into Longden 
 Water, and from thens following the Meares betwixt Borholme and the Stotclose unto the Red 
 Syke; then following upp the Red Sike to the Height of Todridge, soe following Todridge as 
 Heaven Water deales unto the Head of Brandslack-brooke, bounding upon the parish of Cbippin, 
 and so from Brandslacke Brooke unto the Head of Threapleigh unto Paycocke Clough, then 
 to Chippin Brooke, soe following Chippin Brooke to the Park Yeate of Laygram at Chippin 
 Brooke, so following from the Park Yeate the Brooke to the Head of Hudefeld. Soe from the 
 Head of Hudefeld to the Pale, so following from the Pale to the Lands of Startivant, so following 
 the said Lands to Chippin Brooke, so to Foot of Water of Lowde, so unto Water of Hoder 
 bounding on parish of Mitton, so following Hoder unto Wyerburne Foot, so following Wyer- 
 burne to Head of Bashall Parke, so following Lands of Bashall and the Duke's Lands to New- 
 hahouse, and from Newhahouse following the Devise of the Lordship of Bashall and the Duke's 
 Land to Head of Newhay, so ensuing the Woodward Scoore to North End of Whitston ClifTe, 
 as Heaven Water deales, so following said Woodward Scoore from Head of Whitstoncliffe to 
 the Wolfstanbanke as Heaven Water deales, so from Wolfstanbanke to the Stone with the 
 Steppes as Heaven Water deales, so the Height of Stiversten line (sic) Swarthaw as Heaven 
 Water deales, and so to Well in the North End of Stiversten, so following the Well Streame 
 from the North End of Stiversten to the Champon Dyke upon the parish of Slaydburne afore- 
 said, so following Champon Dyke to Fellbrig Water, also following upp Harrop Dyke to the 
 Height of Helden Hill as Heaven Water deales, so to Brynhill Pyke as Heaven Water deales, 
 and so from Brynhill Pyke to WhitstonclitT, and so to Ravencross aforesaid." 
 
 * Vide Coucher Book at Whalley, and Townley MSS. g. '26. It is dated VVhalley. 14S3, and was made in cons-e- 
 quence of the great suit for tythes between Christojiher Parsons, rector of Slaydburne, and the abbot and convent : but 
 it refers to a much older perambulation in the lime of abbot l.yndley and Heniy duke of Lancaster, which explains the 
 expression of the duke's land. 
 
 I" Afterwards Bishop of Ely. 
 
 ; Qu. Dene ? 
 
 ihe
 
 232 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 The following is of the earlier part of the seventeenth century. 
 
 [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 The rest is from Brennand, 
 
 " The Oute Bounderies of the Forrest of Bowland — how farr and into w hat places doth 
 the same extend, and upon what lords landes doth the same bound and border : — 
 Beginning at the lowe end of Grad- 1 
 
 dell, next adjoining to a certayn Which bounds N.E. upon the Lordship of Horneby, as 
 
 place called Grange, and soe Heaven-water deales. 
 
 along after a river called Hodder, i 
 
 leading to Cross of Greate, and Which bounds upon said Lp of Horneby, as Heaven-water 
 
 from thence to Croasdale and deales. 
 
 Whitledale, and part of Bren- 
 nand North, J 
 
 'And bounds upon the farmers of Tarnebrooke, and so to a 
 place called Ughtersik, as Harrington Ditch leads lying 
 - ^ over the West end of Millhouse, and soe as Heaven- 
 water leades over the Threape Hawe to the Stone in the 
 Trough, that devides Yorkshire from Lancashire. 
 " Which bounds upon Marshay, Hathernwaite, Catshay, 
 Calder, Bleasdale, Fairsnape, Blindhurst, and Woolfhall, 
 as Heaven-water devides. 
 And from thence West from Sykes,<( And from thence down Brooke called Dobson Brooke, to 
 
 Chippin Brooke, and soe all along after, by the ende of 
 
 Chippin Towne, and about l6 roodes downe Brooke of 
 
 L Chippin, and soe lineally to Red Banke. 
 
 ■\ All along the lands of Ri-~j Mr. Yates his grounds, the 
 
 And from thence ----- > chard Marsden, of the pale > Lordship of Thorneley and 
 
 -' which bounds part upon J Lordship of Braidley Hall. 
 
 And from thence to after the") „ ,• ^i ? i i • r d • n ti n r -j 
 
 > Dounduig uj)on the Lordship ot Braidley Hall atoresaid. 
 
 grounds of Clem. Towlson, J 
 
 Then after, and all along the ") Bounding upon Mr. Shereburne Lordship and Mr. Sun- 
 grounds of Rob. Rawthmell, J derland Lordship. 
 
 Thence 
 Browshoh 
 
 y ' > Bounds upon the Lordship of Bashall. 
 
 olme, and Newhay, J 
 
 Thence over comon called Wliit--\ Which boundes South upon Lordship of Waddington, and 
 
 stoncliffe, Bradford Moore, and > the Coppie-houlders of Bradford and Grinleton, pcele of 
 
 Grinleton Moore, -^ Manor of Slaydburne. 
 
 And lastlie, thence to the Vaccary-N 
 
 of Harrope, within Forest of Bol- > Which bounds upon S.E. side of Lordship of Boulton. 
 
 land, J 
 
 Next
 
 Book HI —Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEV. 233 
 
 Next is the Survey of this Forest during the great Usurpation : 
 
 Ebor. et Lane. — Chacea de Holland. 
 
 A Survey of the Chace of Holland, part of the possessions of Charles Stewart, the late king, 
 of which he was seized as in right of the Duchy of Lancaster; but now settled on trustees, for 
 the use of the Com'onvvealth of England. 12th Oct. 1652. 
 
 The Chace of Holland was held of the Crowne, as parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster, by 
 several tenants on lease; but now, for nioste part, said landes are held in fee-farme, being sold to 
 the respective tenants by King James and King Charles, as appears by diverse letters patents. 
 
 Leaseholders within said Chace, in all 1."), holding among them S42J) acres, 2 roods, 
 28 perches. Of these, part, Brennand, contained 1713 ; another part, 1 145 ; and a third, held by 
 Rob. Parker, esq. 929. Whitendale, held by Rob. Sherburne, Esq. alone contained 3693 acres. 
 
 Out of these leases were excepted all woods, underwoods, mines, and quarries; also, suffi- 
 cient pasture for the wild beasts, lliese leaseholds were all the lands in Bowland which 
 had not been granted in fee-farm by the Crown. 
 
 The whole township of the Forest of Bowland then contained 64 tenements. 
 
 The officers belonging to this forest were, a Bow-bearer and chief Steward. By the 
 steward are yearly kept two swainmotes, a woodmote court, two courts leet, and two courts 
 baron, to which the inhabitants of Holland do suit and service, in which all such as felled anie 
 wood without lycens, or killed anie deere, were fyned ; also, all actions under 40y. were tryed. 
 
 The profit of which fynes and amerciaments, estimated to be worth ^.1. Other casual 
 profit, as vvaifls, estrays, felons' goods, deodands, amount, com' a% to ^.3- 
 
 Other officers of the chace are, 12 * Keepers for the deere, both red and fallow. 
 
 The several tenants, as well lease- holders as fee-farmers, are bound to suffijr the deere to 
 goo unmolested into their several grounds : they are also fyned, if anie, without lycens, keep 
 anie dogg bigger than will go through a stirupe, to hunt the deere out of the corne. 
 
 There are of redd deere of all sortes : viz staggs, hyndes, and calves, 20 ; which wee value to 
 be worth ^.20. ; and of fallow deere, 40* ; which wee value to be worth ^.20. 
 
 Present rent of leaseholds — — — 
 
 P'quisitcs of courts and casul* — — — 
 
 Value of herbage of deere — — — 
 
 Sum total of present rents and profits — — 
 
 Sum total of improvements per an. — — 
 
 Value of wood per an. — — • — 
 
 Radholme Parke was surveyed by the Com^ aforesaid, but the 
 
 return not made in time. Rental — — — 16 
 
 £■ 
 
 s. 
 
 (/. 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 62 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 428 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^•559 5 
 
 3d. Some additional evidence, to the present purpose, is contained in an Inquisition taken at 
 Skipton, A.D. 1577 i~- 
 
 " Juratores dicunt, &c quod Newton in Bowland, Knolmere, Stanemarrow, Grand Battirge 
 infra villam de Newton, Slaitburne, Woodhouse, Highfield, Grinleton, Bradford, Waddington, 
 
 * Townley MSS. G. 16. 
 
 t That is, there were twelve keepers of sixty deer. The stock had evidently beea wasted in that period of anarchy. 
 
 2 jj Mitton.
 
 «34 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Ciiap. IV. 
 
 Mitton, Basliall, Crook, Witligill, sunt infra cur. vis. franc, pleg. Dnae Reginae de Slaydburne, 
 et infra Wap. de Stayncliffe, et quod Grangeae, seu terrae dominicales de Edisforth, Esingtoii, 
 Hamerton, Rishtonmere, Harden, Stapleliocke, Thorneholme, Betrax, Harrop, Nether Carr. 
 Over Brovvsholme, Birhoime, Troiighe, et Sikes, Lee, al, Leehouse, Whittledale, Brennand, 
 Le Lees, Swineliurst, Gradale, Newhay Past, et RadUolme Pke, sunt infra forestam Dnae Regae 
 de Rowland et infr. Cur. Woodmote infr. for. p'dict tent, apud Whytewell." 
 
 Harrop, Countess Flat, near Slaydeburn, part of Burholme, and Browsholme, are within the 
 parish of Whalley; and the same part of Burholme, with Brovvsholme and Little Bowland, 
 constitute the Chapelry of Whitewell. 
 
 More particularly it appears, from Sir Raphe Assheton's Tithing Book, in 1676, that the 
 Tithery of Bowland consisted of Browsholme, Newhey, Radholme, Burholme, Thorniholme, 
 Farrick House, Fence, Dinkley Green, Lickhurst, Over and Lower Grafton Lee, Lees and Wards- 
 leys, Legram, Harrop, and Burnslack. At this time the Tithery of Bowland consisted of about 
 72 families ; at least, so many families paid Easter Dues, &c. in that year. 
 
 At the time of the Domesday Survey, the boundaries of the forest, as distinct from the 
 tract of country popularly called Bowland, do not appear to have been accurately traced ; for 
 the greater part of the villages mentioned above, whether within the forest or without, are 
 there considered as dependent upon the manor of Grinleton, which is now become dependent 
 upon Sladeburne. — This will appear from the following transcript of that ancient and authentic 
 record, so far as it relates to these places : — 
 
 00 In GRGTLLNTONe lib. Comes Tosti HI Car. trre ad gld. 
 
 II Car. II C;ii-. nil Car. IIII Car. 
 
 In Bradeforde, Wideton (mis-written for Wadeton or Waddington) Baschelf, OQitune, 
 
 HCar. III! Car. II Car. llllCar. II Car. 
 
 Hamertone, Slateburne, Badersbi, Neutone, Bogeuurde (I do not know what place is meant by 
 
 III Cir. II Cdr. Ill Car. 
 
 this name), Gsintune, Radun (Radholme) Sotlie, Has tre adjacent in GRSTLINTONe. 
 
 These were surveyed under the lands of Roger of Poitou, and were held under him by Earl 
 "1 osti, who was soon to give place to the Lacies. Of these villages, Bogworthe and Sotlie, so 
 far as I know, have entirely perished ; and Radun, or Radholme, is only remembered as a 
 lawnd ; so that we have here what never occurs in the forests of Blackburnshire, an instance of 
 depopulation, whether active or otherwise, previous to the proper afforesting of the country. 
 
 Rowland*, though principally inclosed, is still ranged by herds of deer, under the juris- 
 
 * One custom, in letting the great sheep-farms in the higher parts of Bowland, deserves to be mentioned, as I 
 do not know that it prevails any where else. It is this : that the flock, often consisting of 2000 sheep, or more, is the 
 property of the loid, and delivered to the tenant by a seliedule, subject to the condition of delivering up an equal 
 number, of the same quality, at the expiration of the term. Thus the tenant is merely usufructuary of his own stock. 
 Tlie practice was familiar to the Roman law, and seems to have arisen from the difficulty of procuring tenants who 
 were able to stock farms of such extent. 
 
 I have met with the following miscellanec.is facts relating to this forest. \G Ed. II. — The bailiwick of Bowland 
 
 is granted to Ed. de Dacre, p. 1. m. 15. 17. 
 
 20 Edw. II, — The bailiwick of the Chace of Bowland is granted to Rio. de Spaldington. — Tower Records, 
 eo Edw. II. m. 5. 
 
 1 Edw. Ill The same to tlie same. — Ditto, m. 13. 
 
 22 Edw. III. — A grant of free tliace in Bowland to Isabella, queen-dowager. 
 
 ;,lh of
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLIiV. 23b 
 
 diction of a master forester * ; here, in allusion to the name of the forest, called the Bow-bearer, 
 who has under him an inferior keeper The former office is now held by Thomas Lister Parker, 
 Esq. as it has long been by his ancestors. Here have been two lawnds or inclosures for the 
 deer '\-, Radholme Laund and Lathgram Park. 
 
 The following is a copy of one of the Letters Patent, by which the office of Bow-bearer 
 of Bowland was anciently held. 
 
 " Ricardus (Stus) D. G. Rex Ang. et Fr. et Dux {sic;}:) Hib. omn% &c. Sciatis quod nos in 
 consideratione veri et fidelis servitii quod perdilectus miles pro corp. nro Jacobus Harrington 
 nobis antea impendit et impendere intendit in futuro : Dedimus et con* ei officia Magri forestarii 
 senescallorum Balliv™ forestar"", et le Drivers foreste nre de Bowland, in com» Ebor. et Lane. 
 Habend. occupand. et gaudend. offic. pd' plat. Jacobo per se, vel dep" suum, vel dep' suos 
 sufficientes, a festo Sci Mich. Archang. ult. pterito durante vita sua, pcipiend' in et pro occupa- 
 tione officioruni pdict' sumani xx et i lib. et xd. in reoompensatione certarum puturarum, quas 
 dicti officiarii nri temp, pgenitorum nrorum usitat. et consuet. fuerunt habere et percipere de 
 diversis tenentibus et inhabitantibus iiris infra comitatus p'dict. et forestam pro suorum feodis 
 et vadiis, ultra x M. annuatim ab antiquo debit, et consuet. pro feod. diet. Mag'' forestar. 
 
 " Dat. sub sigillo Ducatus, apud London, iSFeb. A. R. 2'^"" 
 
 The beautiful river Hodder, famous for its umber, rising near the cross of Grcte, and passing 
 through the parish of Sladeburn, intersects the forest, and forms the only ornamental scenery 
 of a tract otherwise bleak and barren, by its deep and fringed banks. On one of these is the 
 little Chapel of Whitewell, together with an inn, the court-house of Bowland ; and, undoubt- 
 edly, a very ancient resting-place for travellers journeying from Lancaster to Clitheroe or 
 Whalley. The landscape here is charming. The Hodder, brawling at a great depth beneath 
 the Chapel, washes the foot of a tall conical knowl, covered with oaks to its top, and is soon lost 
 in overshadowing woods beneath. But it is for the pencil, and not the pen, to do justice to 
 this scene. On the opposite hill, and near the keeper's house, are the remains of a small 
 encampment, which have been supposed to be Roman ; but they are too inconsiderable 
 to justify any conjecture about them. At no great distance a cairn of stones was opened, and 
 found to contain a sort of kist vaen, and a skeleton. It is singular, that neither of these remains 
 have been noticed by Rauthmell, a diligent and accurate investigator of the Roman antiquities 
 of his own neighbourhood ; but, as he was minister of Whytewell, he could scarcely be igno- 
 rant of this encampment, and may therefore be presumed not to have thought it Roman. 
 
 9th of Henry VI. is a giant of a vaccary called Batterax, for 32 caeca, one bull, and their issue, both at .summer- 
 pasture, and hay, for the rent of lxs. to Jo. Harrison and TUo. Hammerton. 
 
 And, at the same time, a grant of half the Vaccaiy of Hardon to Rob. del Shaw. 
 
 Also, a pardon to Tho. de Radcliffe for transgressions in the forest of Bowland, 16 Hen. VII. — Townl. MSS. 
 
 * " Up towards the hilles by Greiiehaugh (Castle) be three forests of Tedde deere, Wyredale, Bouland, and Blestale : 
 " they be partly woody, partly hethye." Lei. v. III. p. 92. — The last stags in Bowland were destroyed within the 
 memory of the present keeper, a fine old forester of more than fourscore. 
 
 t This title was not peculiar to the keeper of Bowland ; for, in the church of Blakesley, co. Northampton, I find 
 the following epitaph :—" Hie jacet Matth. Swettcnham porlator arcus et armiger Regis Henr. IV. mccccxvi."— . 
 doughs Sep. Mon. vol. II. J Probably a mistake, in the ti-anscript, for D'n's. 
 
 On
 
 236 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 On an adjoining height was discovered a quarry and manufactory of querns, or portable 
 millstones; of which, though probably introduced by the Roman soldiers into Britain, the 
 use appears to have continued among us till after the Norman Conquest. 
 
 The little Chapel of Wiiitewell, from the style of its East window, and of the wood-work 
 within, appears to have been erected in the reign of Henry VII. This is confirmed by the 
 accounts of \Vhalley Abbey; for, in the Computus of the 15th year of Abbot Paslew, or I521, 
 a charge is made by the bursars of x*. paid Capellano de Whytewell; and in that of the 7th 
 year of Abbot Holden, or 1478, no mention is made of this payment *. After the demolition 
 of the chapel of St. Michael in the Castle, the remaining revenue of that Chapel was settled upon 
 Mniytewell -}-. Not far from Burhohn Bridge are the vestiges of another and more antient place 
 of worship ; but I know not whether there is any tradition of the Chapel of Brennand, men- 
 tioned by Abbot Lyndley as only remembered by its site in the time of Edw. III. 
 
 On an elevated situation in the forest is the ancient house of Browsholme, for more than 
 three centuries the residence of a family, who probably derive both their name and arms from 
 the office of parker, or park-keeper. 
 
 The following Commission, dated 7 Rich. II. was directed to enquire into certain ofTences 
 and disturbances committed within these forests, 
 
 " Rex, &c. — Dilectis ct fidelibus suis Waltero Urswic, Ar. Rad. de Radclifi'e, Rob. Urswic, 
 Ad. Shillicorn, Rob. de Blakeburn, &c. — Quia datum est nobis intelligi quod quidam malefac- 
 tores et pacis perturbatores, liberas chaceas nostras de Bowland, Pendle, Rossendel, Travvden, 
 et Tottington, vi et armis intraverunt, &c. : Ideo vobis mandamus per inquisitionem factam 
 transgressionum praedictarum auditis et terminatis, &c. &c. 
 
 " Concessio per literas patentes Ric. Radcliffe de Radclifte, de uno parco vocato Musbery 
 P'k, hab™ ad term. 20 annor. reddendo viii/. vi*. \uid. et vi5. vine?, de incremento. 2do. 
 Hen. V. 
 
 " Rex. — Jacobo RadclifTe de RadclifFc, quandam indenturam de herbagio et pastura paric. 
 Musbury, et de Cliacea de Hodlesden, in Foresta de llosendale, ad term, xii annor." 
 
 This is the only place in which Hoddlesden is mentioned as a chace. 
 
 The following is an appointment, by the Trustees under the will of Henry V. constituting 
 Sir John Stanley Master Forester of the Forests of Blaekburnshire. It is taken from Dr. Cuer- 
 den's MS. and in some places almost illegible. 
 
 " Hen.t Arch^et feoffati,&.c. Omnibus, &.c. Sciatisquod cum Johannes Stanley, miles, per literas 
 
 patentes hab. officia capitalis Forestarii Forestarum de Pennyl et Rosendale, et Tomerden 
 
 (evidently a mistake forTrawden), in Blaekburnshire, et Staurarii et Sene&calli ibidem, acofficium 
 Senescalli maneriorum deTotyngton, et Ratchdale, et Penwortham, quoad nobis placuerit; Nos 
 
 * Its cera miglit be ascertained more exactly, were any Compotus extant in that interval. 
 
 •^■ I suspect this Chapel to have been a monument of the piely of our forefathers, in accommodating travellers, upon 
 roads wliere there were no churches, with the means of late and early devotion. To the same motive arc to be ascribed 
 the Chapels formeily erected on the piers of bridges. — " Prayers and provender hinder no journeys," said the devout 
 and e.xcellent Herbeit, a maxim of which the former part is now entirely forgotten. 
 
 X Archbishop Chicheley. 
 
 ad
 
 
 
 
 >U> Ml' 
 

 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 237 
 
 ad instanciam sereniss. principis et D"' nostri Regis, nunc nobis fact, ac consider^ boni et lau- 
 
 dabilis servitii tam prxfato nuper regi quam D"" nunc regi per dilectum dedimus 
 
 offici pro termino vite Dom et alterius eorum. 
 
 7 A'ov. iG Regni. 
 
 With respect to Bovvland, one circumstance only remains to be told ; viz. that in the year 
 1805 a fine herd of wild deer, the last vestige of feudal superiority in the domains of the Lacies, 
 were destroyed. 
 
 The loss, however, of these ancient ornaments of the forest has been in some measure com- 
 pensated by the late improvements of the house and grounds at Browsholmej by the taste of the 
 present owner. Of these improvements it is no small praise, in this age of experiment and 
 innovation, to say, that while they have produced some splendid modern apartments, the shell 
 of a venerable mansion has been left entire. 
 
 Browsholme is a large house of red stone, with a centre, two wings, and a small facade in 
 front, of that species which was peculiar to the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. * Here is a 
 good old library, a large miscellaneous collection of ancient coins, and a valuable assemblage of 
 MSS. relating principally to the antiquities of the neighbourhood, to which this History is 
 much indebted : these are monuments of the intelligence and curiosity of the family. Another 
 relic, preserved with religious reverence, attests their devotion: — it is a skull, said to have 
 been employed by a former owner, in the private exercises of religion, as a monitor of death ; 
 and it is polished, by frequent attrition, to a surface resembling coarse ivory. But the most 
 valuable relic preserved at Browsholme is the original seal of the Commonwealth, for the 
 approbation of ministers -|-. It is of very massy silver; and is inscribed — The Seale for the 
 approbation oj' public Preachers ^. 
 
 In the centre are two branches of palm ; and within them an open book, with these words : 
 The Word of God. 
 
 The workmanship is good, but I could scarcely venture to ascribe it to Simon. 
 
 On a piece of needle-work, in the house, but copied probably from an original upon board, 
 are the following lines : — 
 
 45ob bfe.ssc ^OmonOc parficc anb alle tljat tojitlj torn toonnciS, 
 Sl^p.^ fibc ©augijter.5 atiD Ijn?" iScVmi ^onnci». 
 A.D. xMCCCCL. 
 
 The dining-room, designed by Mr. JeftVy Wyatt, is adorned with some of the best works 
 of Northcote. 
 
 The house also contains many paintings by the best Flemish masters, besides two fine spe- 
 cimens of Gainsborough and Wilson §. 
 
 * From a letter, lateh' discovered among the family papers, it is now ascertained that the present house was either 
 wholly, or principally, built in the year 1604. — Whether the family removed at this, or an earlier period, from Higher 
 Browsholme, of which the foundations are now barely discoverable, 1 do not know. 
 
 t See Calamy's Continuation, vol. I. p. 462; where theie is an engra\iiig of another seal of 1659, with the same 
 inscription ; but instead of the palm-branches and open book, the latter has a plain cross. % See p. '241. 
 
 § .'\n account of this interesting place, and the improvements which it has received from the elegant taste of its 
 Owner, has lately been published by him. To that Volume the Readei- is referred foi- information conceining Brows- 
 holme, as it appears at present. 
 
 Tlie
 
 ^3!5 HISTOIIY OF WHALLEY, [Book III —Chap. IV. 
 
 The original head of Velasquez's pupil, by himself, is esteemed one of the best portraits of 
 that master ever brought to England. 
 
 The hall, 40 feet long, is furnished with antiquities ; such as, the Ribchester inscription of 
 the xxth legion, celts, fibulae, different pieces of armour, and particularly a small spur, found 
 in the apartment called King Henry the Sixth's, at Waddington Hall. Among the rest is a 
 complete suit of butF, worn by the head of the family — a sufferer for his loyalty, in the great 
 rebellion. 
 
 The papers of the family contain many curious and original documents of those times. The 
 staircase-window is rich in painted glass. 
 
 Among the portraits is one of a Parker, in the reign of Charles H. with the insignia of 
 Bowbearer of Bowland; viz. a staff tipped with a buck's head, in his hand, and a bugle-horn at 
 his girdle. 
 
 The only vestige of the forest-laws yet preserved here (and that too now become useless) 
 is the stirrup through which every dog, excepting those belonging to the lords, must be able 
 to pass. 
 
 That the office of Bowbearer was held by the family as early as 159I, appears from the 
 following warrant, now remaining among their papers: 
 
 "After my hartie coiilendacons. These slialbe to will and require you to delyver, or cause 
 to be delyved, to my verie good Lord, Will'm bushop of Chester *, or to y^ bearer hereof in 
 his name, my fee stagge of this season to be had w^^'in her Maj'''<'* forrest of Bowland ; and this 
 my Ire shal be your sufficient warr't and discharge. Great Bartholomewes, this xxvith of June, 
 1591- Ant' Mildmaye. 
 
 " To ye M'' of her Ma"*^^ game within the forrest of Bowland ; and to his Deputie or 
 Deputes there." 
 
 The fee-stag appears to have been due to Sir Anthony Mildmay, as Chancellor of the 
 dutchy. 
 
 To shew the state of this country during the civil wars, I select two letters of protection ; 
 one from a notorious sequestrator, the other from a gallant royalist. 
 
 " For the Col' and Lieu. Col^ within Craven these. 
 
 " Noble Gentlemen. 1 could desire to move you in the behalfe of Mr. Edward Parker, of 
 Broosome, that you would he pleased to take notice of his house, and give order to the officers 
 and souldiers of your regiments, that they plunder not, nor violently take away, any his goods, 
 without your privities; for truly the proness of souldiers sometimes to coinit some insolencies 
 w'out comand from their supTors is the cause of my writing at this time ; hoping hereby, through 
 your care, to prevent a future evill, in all thankfullness I shall acknowledge (besides the great 
 obligation you putt on Mr. Parker) myselfe to bee 
 
 "Gawthrop, 1 3 February, 1644- Your much obliged, 
 
 " Ric. Shuttleworthe." 
 
 * Chadderton. 
 
 " These
 
 liDW^UUJ I*JRKER ESQl^ /// ///,■ /" ' r.>//n//,- f>/ 
 Eo'wTbeaTei' (}f BoTrlniiLdl Cirr. /oi^(>. 
 
 (^y^y^^cU^yj 
 
 r 
 
 LEGXXW 
 Facfi". 
 
 legionary Stone /rom Ribchester 
 
 new Hi /iri'nslii'line 
 
 % 
 
 ^ 
 
 i-Ta.y Qwd, BleJse.Lji 
 
 j A 
 
 V 
 
 5 '^G 
 
 
 
 
 \ - 
 
 
 cieni lJi'i)i/iin<ic cl'llirFiinsl .hiriin/ Ifno/fru Taiihiiil 
 
 ' ' alJirowsholiiic 
 
 r X ' I 1 . . - I e.JncA^.,. 
 
 ^y/^ TlIOAlAS LlST£Jt J^AJiKJ^lt JESQ'f F.S.J. //i/.j .'/^/f//r /.> ///.if/Z/fy/ Z// /i/.j 
 
 ( rr/f/rf/ ( //rf /////// ■ '/'/ /yr /i/ ^ 77i<' .lii//i(>r
 
 Humphry 
 huiit 
 Herefor 
 Essex. 
 
 r 
 
 Willm. de 
 Earl of 
 ampton 
 
 ftichird I 
 AiTinde 
 rev, ob. 
 Ric. i. 
 
 Sir Rober 
 bill, » 
 
 rhomfis 
 Lord 
 Coniptr 
 the Hoi 
 of Kini; 
 
 ob.Ao.; 
 6. 
 
 'arlier, of Browsbolme, in 
 - 'orest of Boliand, county 
 
 S)rk. 
 
 ,betb, daughter and heir 
 of Robert Parker. 
 
 >ir John 
 ofClifto 
 
 fbonia'! I r, 
 Adliu^ 
 ofCbest 
 
 (Villiam 
 of the P 
 county (I 
 Esq. ob. 
 
 r- 
 
 \dam Hul 
 the Pari 
 ob. Ao. 1 
 
 iVilliam 
 ofthePa 
 son and 
 
 r- 
 
 Vdam Hul 
 
 the Pari 
 
 eldest S4 
 
 beir. 
 
 Villiam i 
 of the 
 Esq. ob. 
 
 idam Hul 
 the Pari 
 died i 
 
 Villiam I 
 ofthcP.T 
 died -27 
 1694. 
 
 r 
 
 essop Hu 
 the Pari 
 ob. ci 
 
 rhomas Ly 
 Gisbu 
 in th< 
 of York 
 ob. ITS 
 
 1 
 
 lizabetb, wife of Leo- 
 nard Heime, of 
 Grosenarg, county 
 of Lancaster. 
 
 Roger Parker, D-D. second son, 
 of Lincoln, elected Dean of I 
 and installed lath Dec. Ifil3 
 1629, aged 71 ; buried in the 
 
 George Parker, of^^Grace, daughter James Carrie 
 
 Parkhall, coun- 
 ty of Stafford, 
 Esq. 166a. 
 
 of Hugh Bate- 
 man, of Hart- 
 ington, coun- 
 ty of Derby. 
 
 of Helpstoi: 
 county 
 Northanipt. 
 2d husbanc 
 
 Thomas Parker,^.\nne, daugh- 
 
 second son. ( ter of Robert 
 
 I Vi'nahle«- fif 
 
 1 
 
 "William Parker 
 son and heir
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ;^ Idnlr^rKiUimUi^iafb- 
 
 Ita llatuo. of 
 
 ■ HillMryMviinl, duigb- 
 o&«-hrirt.t 
 . . . Kithlrj- 
 
 ku of W. }n- 
 Kp, Eh|. M r. 
 
 ^••ta.teqjntni, lufbtM 
 
 PAnKEP Win Vift 1 Chci. 
 
 at»hcJ Or— Cro 
 
 Mutu— Nic BuclD PI 
 
 nD btliTMti Ihr» Stap bfi* 
 SUf (hppuil proptr. 
 
 ibud tu\ ol 
 
 e, 1 yenngir toa^=El 
 DrTfaoralon, iu 
 Vtj oi Uncuiti. 
 
 Edanni) Piclrn-, oF BrawibDlmt^=Jcnoet, diagbUr i 
 ■farruid, j-ouncri Son ot P " ' 
 
 kcf, a( Hotlockford, Ao. 
 
 Jfntl, wifo or Tbam 
 
 baiTK, of IliblcluD 
 of Lonriilrr, Eu). 
 
 LLinbdh, vift of LcCk- 
 
 lir CiirHt or Dolluid. u 
 ucUtarLwiruUr. 
 
 ^Dna^t, <ljiU(!lilf r iui.1 to-btir or Juor 
 TciD|>nl, of lUjuv in t'raicn, ton ci 
 Lconur), thifd i»n of Ho^n T((u|jnl 
 
 lUKcr Pnrlirt. D.D. itcond «n. II jan Vntra\or=A\ia, d*uel)lr 
 ur LidcoId, clfdEd Daiiof Liaula l.llli Nor. bei huibuii 
 ■ud uutallnl IJlh Dk- ini3; died *nth Aug. 
 
 I. M.l 
 
 if Linai] 
 
 Will.ua Puhcr, of Dltiluid «nff^DUi. •tiagbWr nf 
 
 Wul>gan,<ouat|of luruoiJI, I'uu.blrd, iff 
 
 V^3. Aicbdncon of Comailli Wilu. 
 Iiring i6jU, died tboui IK4i. 1 
 
 XotKTlPukrr,il- Junn pBrkn, ■■ 
 
 saiLSrpt, l.tpi. mb F(b. liitl 
 Ob. !>. r. died toih Ju 
 
 ■nd proTfd 7lh Vpt. i 
 
 linsWo. 
 
 Tli(iBiuPaiVrT,"tllru 
 hulDc, E*q. lan i 
 l.m.l.rli,«l.tW.a 
 diiijlon 1t(M«)r ie3l 
 rivciilni to Ihe viJL o 
 bnrttbnin l'i'U7- tlL 
 own mil dilid ill 
 
 Juir icgs. 
 
 Cilbtfiar. Stnf'Mtt^e.Awiui Pari 
 
 ■nd h»[ of Htur; liulnir, T.\\ 
 
 Dooibt, or \atlt- Jnitin or 
 
 tuD Hill. Eh|. IfaF Riunt) 
 
 inxrc lilJui, II 
 
 jQl; i;«i 
 
 Thomu Pitkrr, ur Browibolme. 
 IC*q. lun uid brlr, biptiKd M 
 Wtddiu|:ti>i> ITIb Ocl. le*!), 
 diid in ITia, Kitboul um. 
 
 i-^^Aj|:irrt, firtb dftugbUr or 
 lUdcliHr Aihtan^r (.'arr- 
 d(lp, CDuniy uf L«niu- 
 lcr, K>q. bnilbcr at Sir 
 lUlpb AgbluD, orWhll- 
 
 uj, daugblct or Richud SoDilaUnd, or Hieb 
 
 
 Richard Park 
 
 SundrrUiid, coiiiitir of Yorh, Eti). hf Mnry iiit 
 
 MJ\.rourthwn. 
 
 fiflli ion, 
 
 
 
 < Rib Jan. 1 
 
 Knt. \jnii Major of Loorfon, uid Sa»u..» bl< 
 
 IBIJ3. 
 
 Ob, S. P. 
 
 wife, diughtirr nf Ibomiu PoniU. of North 
 
 
 
 Dckmrirn, in E<.r», E^q. minitd *Slb Jan. 
 
 
 
 boni M. A. Ri 
 
 Parker,^ dangbler Nicbolu Parker, EILiabftb, bom Rit 
 
 or of ofWirkiKonb, 6U> Jaa. lint, ■ 
 
 cuuatj counlii or Dcr- died Seth Mar. ■ 
 
 D.born b^, bom SOlb 1&93. 
 
 Maicb Sept. leiO. 
 
 F»11o. or St 
 Jnbn't Collcgrj 
 CaIubndsl^ 
 
 llobrrtPukcr.orCvlIon^anr. ilauflblerof F.dHvnl PukcF, 
 .nlraitu.&ofMarlrjr WilliiDi K(»ka, Gnj't Inn. Rh{. 
 Hall, Rit. Hcoru) ion. orE>t>o1(l. coun- nimdcr ■! I.aw. 
 biptucd al WiddiiiK- \j or Vuik. lit- bapliird at Wail- 
 "'■Klun Itt Majr 
 
 d-.ii^hl« Richard Par be T. Rcgri Pnrbrr. bap- Mar^. 
 
 of...DaKlrr, lia|ii>r' Jit Wad- llitdai VVaddiD^- Ma; 
 
 ofKirkland, in duijllnn HIb ton auib January nrd 
 
 oannljr of Laa- Nov. 168". lGaa;qiam 
 
 Robert CaiTiuspEli 
 
 bii r*- 
 
 ifiaiii 
 
 lin|;hall.caual}of 
 Voik. Esq. 
 
 X 
 
 Robcr, Pa.i.er. .™nd 
 
 nlThomaiPar- 
 ker, E>q. bom 
 
 3d Feb. IS<I3, 
 
 Parkhali, cou 
 \j of Sutfoi 
 Eiq. IfiHJ. 
 
 tb,daugli-=HcnrT Siingeror Ji 
 
 ( Thomaa t allow, married hor. isuniUieii 
 
 ir, Eiq. UdApnllSIl, SDlh April fol- 
 
 Id Au;. died 2D(b Aug. lowing. 
 
 mllowing- 
 
 bum ««lb Caplain lliuciiitCzAiine, dau^lo^abn Connde Jamei Parker, lODifKaliKtine, tideit daughter Williun Puker, u- 
 
 --' — - "■ ■ .. .- _ .. . ^i^j ,^_ ReHor 
 
 ilSlowk, iaCoro- 
 
 ofTbumuPir- 
 k.r. bq. liom 
 ■ lb Oel. t«0«. 
 
 uidbeir, .10 
 oldu> 1«)«. die.) 
 «I Waibgoo ID 
 
 pbin't, in Salluh, 3I> 
 DK.ieiU.diadatWu 
 
 ]iganAD.iea6,a((d8« 
 
 Ihftount, 
 tbtJter. 
 
 Willitffi, AolboDj, Gnirgr, j 
 Juno, Rkhud, John, i 
 Robe It. rrwicu. HowtiDd. 
 
 Alic*. htpUitd U 5t.:Y'^*°'T< Smith, o( War- 
 SUpben'tiinSall- ligon, tn Cornwall, 
 aab, lalb Ma; died and waa buried 
 
 (ount;, KJd. 
 
 n Parker of Lund 
 
 Ike. Il 
 
 Parkrr, o 
 
 i> haU-bi 
 
 nholmi, E>q. 
 
 Robert Parker, bap- Mary. Inptiic 
 tired al Wadding Wad dim;! on 
 Ion eib of Noi. Mi; II.%, 
 
 Eliiabclb, wire of 
 
 if Lane-bead, eouuLj 
 
 Jobn Anitii, o^Y^Marr, daufhUi Calbcrioc 
 
 JohnAu<ti>, of UulM aforF-=£1icahrth, daofb- 
 Hid. and of tlw Middle let and bor at 
 Temple, London, Kaq. Gu- Richard Cad- 
 lerl'iiucipalKingorArmi, bpp. of Tari- 
 Kt. bom io 11169, iinck, count; of 
 
 dB[ifihIer,najiii 
 inUiewilIofli 
 falbcr i;i3ai 
 
 Juhn P>ll 
 
 of Dmwtboimr 
 £»1. uin and btir. Bowbtarei 
 of lb( Foral or Rolland 
 MOietlDie Fellow Cooimonei 
 «r C'biut Colteiif, luu 
 bndp, M. P. for Clilheio 
 •Outilf of Lancwter ; diei 
 
 —■0 «»J I 
 
 Irabni, daiiKbier of Tbooiu 
 Liiler, or Giibnnie I'aik. 
 eoiuil)' or York. R>q. and iLilcr 
 of Tlioinaa Ixird KibblodalBi 
 bum t&lli Nor. 1749) didt- 
 ried al r.ire1t.witk, counlj of 
 
 Voik, i:t6. 
 
 Thomu 
 
 hrker. 
 
 orYBfttT, Aaulhlcr 
 
 lid 
 
 Robert Parke 
 
 .dKd 
 
 .Mkin 
 
 
 
 
 
 ird 
 
 uomarried itns. 
 
 
 
 
 H'*" 
 
 , orN 
 
 .oni.l)' 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 York, 
 
 fcaq. 
 
 
 
 
 Juhn TouliMf^Eithrr Artbur.dlsiHi- 
 lee or Johii Aniiur 
 Wonop, or H Dwdtn, 
 counlyof York,Eiq. 
 
 Tboioai Liiter Parker, Eu], 
 Foml 
 
 . liiler Parker, Eu], «^ Ed«aid Parler.E^i- .e.o».C?:l«Wlla, daugbier of the Rer. John rrmine Parker, MA. Charie. Bnbrrt Parker, Henr, Parker, fifib «n; 
 
 beir, «owbeam uf Uie .u», bum 3d No.. iTao, Re.. J. Mrode. of Il.l- iKiin al Manblield, 17th Apnl bori.M York,*». April bom al Yo.k.fllh Aunl 
 
 .1 or Holland, bum I7lh. b.ptiied nt f;i.-gle..ick, field, «nnl, or IleiKi 17S2, bapli.ed al Gigglerwick. nafl, bapOied al Gi|[- 17M, hapli.edat Gig- 
 
 baptued U O>gslow.ck, mb July 17S1. married l«U. Mb June ITSi. «le^^iel, |.t of Nor. .Inwiek. I7B5 
 
 iSept.i;;a. | ,,,j • ' 
 
 Villiam Parker, 
 
 Seplimut Parker, bap- 
 
 Otta-iu. 1 
 
 nrker. 
 
 ar of Wadding- 
 
 tiied at GigfileiHick. 
 
 
 *T«le 
 
 
 
 
 
 dalGi^leiwick, 
 
 nrd there S.ld Oct. 
 
 
 
 June i7e&. 
 
 IJB*. 
 
 
 
 fcbaabelb, F.d-ird.R.: 
 
 JOUOJ. 
 
 Jut.nAithar Thnnia*, il 
 
 FruKe^Maulirenr. MarT-.Maalerefef. 
 
 o 
 
 ^^
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 239 
 
 " These are to intreat all officers and souldiers of the Scottish armie, and to require all 
 officers and souldiers of the English armie under my coniaund, that they forbeare to take or 
 trouble the jjson of Edward Parker, of Brousholme, esquire, or to plunder his goods, or anie 
 other hurt or damage to doe unto him in his estate. 
 
 " This 8th day of August, Tho. Tyldesley." 
 
 " anno Dom. 164 8. 
 
 This was only ten days before the battle of Preston. 
 
 The following specimen of old local poetry has been lately discovered among the papers at 
 Browsholme. It is given with some abridgments and corrections. 
 
 a 23aIaDc of JBarnage. 
 
 2[n ponbcr tooQe tljcre is" a Dene, 
 
 IDlje: 31 mp.^elfe toaiS late repogung, 
 JDljcr blosomcs in tljer prime I^abe bene, 
 
 iInD flotoersi faire tljcc color.!» laim'i ; 
 3 lobe o£ mpne 3] cijaunccD to mecte, 
 
 ID'ii) tau,s;iiD me too longe to tarpc, 
 and tl}en of fym 2i J"& entrete, 
 
 €0 tell me toljen Jje tijoiioijt to marae. 
 
 3i£ ttiou toilt not mp jfcrretc tel, 
 
 Be btuite abro&c in l©l)a(Icp parisffi, 
 ant) .stocrc to kevt mv counsel tucl, 
 
 gj iDill Declare mpe Dape of marriage. 
 
 IPljen <§)omcr'!S Ijeate tool one noe mpre, 
 
 ant) ©imter'^ rain noe longer patter; 
 W'])tn Icaoe toni melt toitfjouten fpre, 
 
 an& * bcare braoe.^ Doe neDe noe toatcr ; 
 HMjcn ©oiunljam '|- stoncvi' vnitj} DiamonO nngcif, 
 
 anD cotlilcs' be toitl) pcrtCiS comparcD ; 
 SDbcn golDc is maDe of gran goose toingcti; 
 
 orijen toii[ mie lobe anD 31 bee marpeD, 
 
 ©Ibcn faucft anD Ijarte in i^oDcr lie.b% 
 anD grapling^ on tlje fe(M ace brcDpng ; 
 
 JBijen mu.scteij groto on eberie tree, 
 
 anD ^toannes on ebcrie roch are feDpng ; 
 
 * This very ancient expression I do not quite understand. Perhaps the words mean Barley Fields. 
 
 \ At Downham is found a species of crystals, usually called Downham Diamonds, which in lustre equal Bristol 
 
 .iiones. 
 
 IDljcn
 
 -HO HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book III.— Chap. IV. 
 
 mMjen mountains! arc bji men remotijiD, 
 
 ano iHibfe[c bath to liorton carpcD, 
 <©r ^cnolc bid grotoiS .tiith abobc ; 
 
 €ljen, etc. 
 
 !©ljcn moorc or mos'sJc boe jJaffron j,ie[Oc, 
 
 JlnD bccfic an& ^iftc rcn Dotonc toitb Ijonic ; 
 IIDl)cn ^iiflar grotoCjS in cbcrp ficlOe, 
 
 anb clerhfji toyl tahc no bribe o£ monie ; 
 IDijcn men m -^Jotolantic OpctJj Jjcre, 
 
 ano at 3Ccrus'a[cm bee burjca ; 
 «©r tol]cn tbc .^unnc ootlje rg^e at noonc ; 
 
 Srbfn. etc. 
 
 j0ota) faretoel, ften&e, pf it bee ^oc, 
 
 antj tbpsi tJj» once ejrpecte& toebjmg ; 
 jPor neither 31, nor none o£ mn hum, 
 
 IPpl eti'r ncbc to [ohe for bibyng. 
 ■2; .sitoerc anD tiovu, nE tiji.^ bee troVoe, 
 
 anb tljou at .siurl) an cViyt carrimgc, 
 31f 3 gboulbc l!,it)c ten tljou.sianbe pere, 
 
 3i'b neb'r more evpccte tijic marpage. 
 
 A few particulars only remain to be added, with respect to the forests and demesnes of 
 Blackburnshire in general. 
 
 The records of this extensive district, now remaining at CHtheroe Castle, contain httle 
 which is either curious or antient. This is accounted for from a return of Richard Assheton 
 and Edward Braddyll, Esqrs. to a commission directed to them out of the Dutchy Court, 
 anno 22 Elizabeth, to enquire into the state of the records at this place. They say that the 
 most antient rolls, some of the reign of Edward III. and others without date, having been kept 
 upon a damp floor, were become almost illegible: but that of those which remained in a 
 tolerably perfect state, a schedule, beginning with the Rolls of Henry VII. had been made by 
 their directions, and the rolls themselves deposited within closets in an uj)per room, under three 
 locks and keys. 
 
 Daring the great usurpation, after the murder of Charles I. the four forests of Blackburn- 
 shire were sold under an ordinance of the Commons in Parliament, intituled, " An Act for the 
 " Sale of all Honours, Manors, &c. belonging to the late King, Oueen, and Prince," to Adam 
 Baynes, of Knowsthorp, Esq. for the sum of 6,853/. l6s. id. together with the Rents, Royalties, 
 and Profits, of the Halmot Courts. This transaction bore date April \6, 165I. 
 
 In January of the same year the free wapontake courts of Clitheroe and Blackburnshire, 
 excepting the forests, were alienated to one Jeremy Whitworth. On this occasion a doubt arose 
 whether Coin, Ightenhill, Accrington, and Tottington, were really distinct manors: and in a 
 case submitted to Sir Orlando Bridgman, it was stated, that either in the reign of Henry VI. or 
 Edward IV. (the original record, I suppose, having rotted away on the damp floor), a decree 
 
 had
 
 Book III.— Chap. IV.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLKY, 
 
 2il 
 
 had been made, that, to avoid an inconvenient concourse of people at the Castle, courts should 
 be holden twice every year at Burnley, Colne, Accrington, &c. But, whatever might have been 
 the date of the decree, it apjiears, from the Custumale already given, that courts had been holden 
 at the first of these places much earlier; and Bridgman thought the usage sufficient to constitute 
 them so many distinct, though not independent manors. 
 
 During all this time, the old account between the Crown and the copyholders remained 
 unsettled. An agreement had been made between the two parties, in the reign of James I. 
 that forty years old rent should be paid for the confirmation and settlement of these lands : one 
 moiety on the passing decrees for that purpose in the Dutchy Court, and the other within one 
 month after they were confirmed by act of parliament. 
 
 Decrees for all the manors and estates thus compounded for were passed, and the first 
 moiety paid, before the death of King James. In the 5th of Charles I. the remaining moiety 
 was assigned to Sir Allen Apsley, for the satisfaction of debts contracted in victualling the 
 Navy. In the l6th of this reign a bill of confirmation passed both Houses of Parliament; 
 but, on account of the distractions then beginning in the kingdom, did not receive the royal 
 assent. In the year 1650, however, sir Allen Apsley obtained from the governing powers an 
 ordinance to confirm the decrees, and to compel the copyholders to pay the remaining moiety; 
 with a heavy penalty of ^.5 per diem, on default of payment, after the 1st of September then 
 following. 
 
 Several of the copyholders failed in providing their quotas ; which occasioned a general 
 deficiency of payment, according to the act. This alarmed the wiser and more wealthy of the 
 parties concerned ; who paid the whole moiety, together with a great overplus, nomine pocnce, 
 amounting, in all, to ,^.4833 ; and thus the affair slept tdl the Restoration: soon after which, 
 namely, in 1661, a general act of confirmation was passed. And on this foundation rest all the 
 titles to wapontake, or copyhold lands of the new tenure, in Blackburnshire*. 
 
 *■ By the same Act, the forests were attached to the ailjoiiiing manoi-s ; .as, ex gr. Trawden to Coin, Pendle to 
 Ightenhill, and Rossendale, with Accrington, to the maitor of Accrington-vetus. These two last-meDtioned forests 
 constitute what is called Accrineton Newhold. 
 
 />. -i.i?.
 
 242 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. 1. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURFEY 
 
 OF THE PRESENT 
 
 PARISH OF WHALLEY, BY TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 J. O have considered the several townships of this great parish in alphabetical order, would have 
 been extremely inconvenient, as such an arrangement would have separated those which are 
 united in natural character, as well as civil and ecclesiastical connections, and have brought 
 together others which have no other title to proximity. — I have therefore preferred a distribution, 
 which will preserve all these connections, by dividing the parish into three great portions, 
 ■which are not only strongly marked by natural features and limits, but are for the most part 
 severally related to each other, as united either immediately under the parish-church, or under 
 the same parochial chapelries. These three portions are : — 
 
 1st. The Vale of Calder, anciently Calderbotham *, with its two forks, leading up to the 
 sources of the Colne Water, and the Calder, properly so called. 
 2d. The tract of country lying between Pendle and Ribblc. 
 3d. That which lies between the Calder and the Hyndeburne. 
 
 Again, the Vale of Calder will be separately considered, under three subdivisions. 1st, The 
 town of Whalley itself, together with its several dependent townships ; viz. the three hamlets 
 ofColdcoats, Henthorn, and Little Mitton, forming, together, one township, Pendleton, Wis- 
 wall, Read, Simonstone, Padiham, and Hapten. 2d. The chapelry of Burnley. 3d. That of 
 Colne, with their several dependencies. 
 
 Whalley, the principal subject of this History, has been already considered in so many 
 views, that little remains but to trace its civil history from the dissolution of the abbey, and 
 to survey the fabric of the parish-church. 
 
 * Bull, Nic. IV. 
 
 The
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 243 
 
 The whole town and manor, consisting of 970 customary, or 1561 statute acres, was from 
 the beginning the property of the Church ; for, according to the accurate record of Domesday- 
 Book, Ecdesia sctce. Maria; habehat in IVallei 2 carucata.s terrce quietas ah omni consue- 
 tudine. Two carucates, the original demesnes of the deanery, and afterwards of the abbey, 
 must have amounted to about 2G0 customary acres : the rest, of course, lay in common. It is 
 a tract of unusual fertility and beauty, embosomed in woods which once encumbered*, but 
 now serve only to adorn it. 
 
 The descents of the two families of Assheton and Braddyll, together with a third of later 
 date, will bring down the history of the town and manor of Whalley to the present day. 
 
 From the time at which Richard Assheton, the first purchaser of the site and part of the 
 demesne of Whalley Abbey, took possession of his acquirement, to the marriage of the last 
 coheiresses of that branch with Sir Nathanael Curzon and Mr. Lister, the Asshetons constantly 
 lived at Whalley. In the civil wars, they espoused the cause of the Parliament; and there is 
 e.Ktant, among the records of the family, a form of acceptance by Sir Ralph Assheton the 
 younger, of the King's gracious Act of Indenmity at Breda. He had been a Member of the 
 Long Parliament, and continued to sit as Burgess for Clitheroe, after the Restoration. Of the 
 habits of this Baronet I collect the following particulars, from his own books for the year 
 1676: The income of the rectory, and other estates, does not ajjpear much to have exceeded 
 ^.1000 per an. yet he kept an household of nearly 20 servants; and, when he travelled, had 
 13 horses and five servants. He gave 5*. every Sunday to the poor, in the church-yard at 
 Whalley, besides additional sums in Lent, and many casual bounties. He cloathed, annually, 
 eight poor children at Whalley, and four at Downham. He received venison from Lord Fresh- 
 ville, at Staveley, in Derbyshire ; from Mr. Walmsley, Mr. Sherburne, and Mr. Talbot, of 
 Salesbury. He kept three swans; and there is a monthly charge for their bread. A pair of 
 buck's horns, in the velvet, were brought to him from Dunkenhalgh : these were an old delicacy 
 for the table. In this year are the following entries : 
 
 " For the large Downham diamond, sent me as a present, 5.y. 6d." 
 
 " To Mr. Lambert, of Cawtons man, that brought a present of very great troot and perch, 
 which he had got by his own fishing, in the great Tarne, at Mawme Moore — scd quo jure 
 nescio." 
 
 " X""=>'. Given the Rossendale Players, 10.«." 
 
 " It™. Marsh the Harper, for coming on St. Stephen's Day, and staying till the day after 
 Twelfth Day, 15*." 
 
 Cypresses, at this time, grew in the gardens at Whalley Abbey. I have tried them, 
 without success, at the Vicarage. In this year Sir Ralph Assheton laid out 4/. 12*. in planting 
 oaks at Whalley and Downham. One of the tenants covenanted to plant six trees. Such was 
 the scale of planting an hundred and fifty years ago ! 
 
 * " In eodem manerio silva una leuva longa et tantundem lata." Domesday de Whalley. — The leuva oi Domesday 
 is supposed to have been our English mile. Out of 15C1 acre'?, therefore, in the Manor of Whalley, 640 were then 
 covered with wood. 
 
 ARMS
 
 244 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book IV,— Chap. 1. 
 
 ARMS of BRADDYLL : Argent, a cross of lozenges Vert, over all a bend chequy Ermine and Azure. 
 
 Roger de BradhuU, by deeds sans date, but tcmj). Hen. II *.: 
 
 2. Johanna, 2d daugli-=pJohn Bradhiill. vix. = l. Margaret, daughter of Wra. Har- 
 ter of . . . . I temp. Ed. IV", rington, of Hornby, s. p. 
 
 I 
 
 Jolin BraddvU.^pEinma, daughter of \Vm, Pollard, of Billington. 
 
 ; I . . 
 
 r 
 Edward Braddyll.;:pJennet, daughter of Mr. Cromback, of Clerkhill. 
 
 r ^ r 
 
 Bernard. 
 
 V^'illiam. 
 
 1 
 
 Henry. 
 
 fJohn Braddyll, sep.::^Johanna, daughter of 
 Nov, 18, 1578. 1 Mr. Forster, 
 
 __i 
 
 Bernard, a natural 
 son. 
 
 Marge)-y=Mr. John Chatburn. 
 
 1. Hellen Starkie, of:^Ed\vard Braddyn,=p'2. Anne, dr. of Ralph As- Richard, 
 
 Aighton, by whom 
 he had John, ob. 
 inf. ; Katharine. 
 
 sep. Octob. 6, 
 1607 
 
 John Brad-: 
 dyll, sep. 
 Jan. 8, 
 1615. 
 
 :Eliz:ibeth, dr. 
 of Mr. Thos. 
 Brockholes, 
 ofClaighton. 
 
 — 1 — ri 
 
 Rich. s. p. 
 Ralph, bo. 
 
 1564. 
 Cuthbert. 
 Gilbert. 
 
 sheton, of Lever, esq. a barrister, 
 nupt. Aug. 6, 1554, 
 sep. Dec. 29, 1586. 
 
 1 
 
 :Dorothy, dr. of Mr. Jennet. 
 
 Tho. Catteral, and 
 
 widow of Mr. Rob. 
 
 Sherburne. 
 
 1 
 
 Cicely. 
 
 _1_ 
 
 Doro=Mr. John 
 thy. Talbot, 
 of 
 Carr. 
 
 Let-= 
 tice. 
 
 :Mr. John 
 
 Nowell, 
 
 se)). '26, 
 
 1575; 2d. 
 
 Mr.Covel. 
 
 T 
 
 Anne=Thomas 
 South- 
 worth. 
 
 — I 
 Johan,= 
 
 I 
 
 Edward 
 
 died 
 unmar- 
 ried, at 
 Oxford. 
 
 Tho- 
 mas, 
 unm. 
 
 1 
 
 Dorothy, mar. 
 Thomas Va- 
 vasour, of 
 Weston, esq. 
 
 :Thomas 
 Brock- 
 holes, sep. 
 Jun. 15, 
 1578. 
 
 — n 
 Anne. 
 
 Job. and 
 
 nine other 
 
 children, 
 
 who died 
 
 young or 
 
 unmarried. 
 
 . Mellicent.dau of John: 
 Talbot, of Basliall, esq. 
 by whom John, slain in 
 the Civil wars at Thorn- 
 ton, in Craven, sep. 
 July 27, 1643, 
 
 =Johii Brad-=2. Marga- 
 
 dvll, first 
 of Port- 
 field, sep. 
 Ajiril 5, 
 1655. 
 
 garet, da. 
 
 of Mr. 
 
 John 
 
 C^rombeck, 
 
 of Wiswall. 
 
 Alice, mar. first, Ri- 
 chard Townley, of 
 Barnside, esq. ; se- 
 condly, Mr. Chris- 
 topher Townley, of 
 Moorhiles and Carr. 
 
 I 1 1 
 
 Thomas Braddvll, esq. sep.=pJane, daughter and coheiress of Mr. Mellicent.=Tempest Roger, a meichant 
 May 30, 1706, at. 84. | Edward Rishton, of Dunnishope. Slinger, esq. in London. J: 
 
 John Braddyll, esq.=p:Sarah, daughter of Miles Dodding, 
 ob. March, 1728. | esq. of Conyside Priory. 
 
 Thomas. Alice. Margaret: 
 
 =Alexander Osbaldiston, 
 of Osbaldiston, esq. 
 
 Dodding Braddyll, esq.; 
 ob. 1748, aet'59. 
 
 :Mary, daughter of Cap- 
 tain Samuel Hyde. 
 
 Margaret,=FChristi)pher Wilson, esq. 
 of Bardsey Hall. 
 
 Thomas Braddyll, esq. ob. s. p. July 25th, 1776, having 
 devised his estates to his cousin, Wilson Gale. 
 
 Sarah.: 
 
 =John Gale, esq. of 
 Whitehaven, 
 
 Wilson Gale, who took the name of Braddyll, and sold the Whalley: 
 estate to Sir J. Whalley Gardener, of Clerkhill, bart. 
 
 =Jane, daughter of Thomas Gale, esq, 
 of Wliitehaven, 
 
 * See West's History of Fiirness, p. 2o6, where all that is said of the name of Brcddale belongs to another family. 
 
 j- This John Braddyll was not only joint grantee of Whalley Abbey from the Crown, but he also trafficked in the 
 unsafe commodity of abbey lands to a vei\ great amount ; so that, umoiiti; the MSS. of his family, an whole volume. 
 No. 57, is filled with transcrijjts of these grants alone. The following is a .-.hort abstract of the premises so conveyed, most 
 of which he appears to have retailed out again : — Certain messuages, lands, and tenements, in Bowland and Craven, but 
 belonging to the Abbeys of Kirkstall and Whalley — certain lands and tenements in Castleton and Wiswall, belonging to 
 the latter, 37Hen. VIH. — then, the manor of Barnside, lite belonging to the monastery of Pontcfract — certain 
 tenements and free rents, belonging to the Abbev of Cockcrsand — all the lands in Clayton and Harwood, belonging to 
 the Abbey of Whalley — certain lands in Downham and Read, belonging to the same, 36 Hen. VIII. : consideration for 
 these last, 93/. 12s. 6(/. — certain lands in Marsden, jiareel of the manor of Bernsete — 12 messuages, and other small 
 parcels of land in Wiswall, belonging to the .Abbev of Whalley — all the la-.ds belonging to the said monastery in 
 Witton — again, the manors of Extwisle and Briercliff, late belonging to the abbey of Newbo, com. Lin cons. 
 220i. lOs. — certain lands in Aysgarth, com. Ebor. belonging to the Preceptory of Mount St. John, in cod. Com. — 
 certain lands in Kirkham, belonging to the Abbey of Vale Royal — otheis in Holcombe and Tottington, to the Priory of 
 Monkbretton — one sali-pit, and divers lands in Northwich, belonging to the Priory of Norton, and the Abbey of 
 Vale Royal, 38 Hen. VIII. — besides many lands in Craven, belonging to Sir Stephen Hammerton, tie alta prodilione 
 attinclo. 
 
 X Buried in the church of the Old Jewry, Nov. 7 th, 1684, when Dr. Symon Patrick [ireached his funeral sermon. — 
 Brad. MSS. 
 
 We
 
 [To face p. 244. 
 
 1 branched out from that of Middleton, nearly three centuries ago, became incor- 
 
 e pes en y^j^^ ^^ ^^^^ marriage of Sir Raphe Assheton, of Middleton, with Anne, daughter, 
 
 and, having! brothers, heiress, of her fiither. Sir Ralph Assheton, of Whallej'. 
 
 cash ire. Yob 
 
 collateral re 
 
 of Adam Lever, of Great Lever, esq. 
 
 5ir Robert Constable, of iMasham, co. Ebor. 
 
 ickering, esq. 
 
 e Great Seal to Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 r 
 
 — I — 
 
 Alexander. 
 
 Nicolas, rector of Wick- 
 ford, CO. Ebor. 
 
 1 
 
 Patricius. 
 
 Margaret. 
 
 I 
 Anne. 
 
 1 
 
 Eleanor. 
 
 Alice. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 p" J. f ^ first race of the Asshetons=Mar2:aret, daughter of Adam 
 
 ]ien him by his great uncle. Hilton, of the Park, esq. 
 
 Christiana.=:^^'i!liam Bannister, esq. 
 
 Sir'" 
 V 
 1 
 
 Alice,= 
 born 
 1574. 
 
 =Alex. Stan- 
 di?h, of Dux- 
 bury, esq. 
 
 Elizabetl), ^George Preston, 
 born 15/5. of Holker, esq. 
 
 Margaret, 
 born 1578, 
 unniaiTied. 
 
 Anne, born 
 1578, un- 
 married. 
 
 Sir Raphe Asshe", 
 at Do\vnham'~ 
 
 vault in the c 
 old Abbey Chf 
 
 620, 
 31, 
 
 Sir John Assheton, bart. born=Catharine, daughter of Sir Henry 
 IG^l, died at Lower Hall, Fletcher, of Hutton, co. Cum- 
 Gisbume, June 9, 1697. berland, relict of Tho. Lister, 
 Brad. MSS. s. p. of Arnoldsbiggin, esq. 
 
 Anne,=pSir Raj>he Assheton, 
 1650. of Middleton, bai-t. 
 
 J 
 
 [, of Middleton, bart. who t(jok possession of Whalle\:^Mary, daughter and heiress of Thomas Vava=our, 
 I in tail, June 11, 1697, ob. 1716. Brad. MSS. | of Spaldiugton, esq. buried at Middleton, 1694. 
 
 Maiy Assheton, ob.=pSir Nathaniel 
 1776, aet. 81. | Curzon, bart. 
 
 Catharine.-=Thomas Lister, of 
 Arnoldsbiggin, esq. 
 
 Humphrey Traf" 
 
 Tratford t 
 
 .Assheton Curzon,=pl. Esther, daughter of=p2. Dorothy, sister to Ri-=3. Anne IMargarette, sister t» 
 
 Sii' William Meiedith §, bart. 
 
 1. .'\nne=;=Lieu 
 
 _ now Lord Cujzon. I Wm. Hanmer, esq. chard, 1st EarlGrosvenor. 
 
 — 1 ' ' " I 1 r— 
 
 Assheton 
 Yates. 
 
 ' Y,_ Assheton Cur — pSophia- Charlotte, eldest daughter of 
 
 ' died in 1797. 1 Earl Howe, now Baroness Howe. 
 esi • • I 
 
 I I I 
 Assheton, 
 Robert, 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Charlotte, married to 
 Dugdale Stratford Dug- 
 dale, of Merevale, esf[. 
 
 Fihvard Traffon 
 died s. p. 1796 
 
 Leicester, born 
 1792, died 1793. 
 
 Richard Penn Curzon, born in 1796, 
 the present owner of Whalley Abbey. 
 
 * There is {^y;jjj|jgj.gjgy^ quartering Ratcliff of Todmorden. Date, I think, 1580. 
 
 t This Sir Ij Archbishop Laud, in breaking a lease of the Rectory of Whalley, on which account he was compelled 
 to make a jomT 
 
 X This Sir : 
 k Widow of
 
 It now remains that we trace the descent of the other moiety of the Manor and Demesnes of Whalley through 
 the posterity of Richard Assheton, joint purchaser from the Crown. He was a younger son of the house of Lever ; 
 and, having acquired great wealth in the service of William Lord Burleigh, purchased considerable estates in Lan- 
 cashire, Yorkshire, and the County Palatine of Durham, which, as he left no issue, were distributed among his 
 collateral relatives. 
 
 [To face p. 914. 
 
 The family of Lever, whch branched out from that of Middleton, nearly three centuries ago, became incor- 
 porated with the parent-stock again by the marriage of Sir Raphe Assheton, of Middleton, with Anne, daughter, 
 and, after the death of her three brothers, heiress, of her father. Sir Rali)h Assheton, of Whalley. 
 
 I 
 
 PEDIGREE OF THE ASSHETON FAMILY. 
 
 Akms :— Argent, a mullet Sable. 
 
 Raphe Asslieton, third son of Sir R. Assheton, of Middleton, knt. and Margaret Barton .==:Margaret, daughter and heiress of Adiim Lever, of Great Lever, esq. 
 I _ I ■ _ ■ 1 ' 1 
 
 Raphe A8sheton.=pEleanor, daughter of Adam Hihon, 
 of the Park, esq. 
 
 Robert. 
 
 John.=^leaDor, daughter of Sii- Robert Constable, of Masham, co. libor. 
 HellenAssheton.:^\Villiam Pickering, esq. 
 John Pickering, Keeper of the Great Seal to Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Raphe Assheton. :^Margaret, difjghter of William 
 I Orrtll, of Turton Tower, esq. 
 
 Richard Assheton, purchaser of Whalley Abbey,=:Jane, daughter and heir of Ralph Harbottle, esq. 
 ob. 15*8, s. p. sep. Whalley, Jan. 30, eo anno. of Northumberland, scp. Whalley, Sept. 9, 1581. 
 
 Roger, 
 
 Alexander. 
 
 Nicolas, rector of Wick- 
 ford, CO. Ebor. 
 
 Patricius. 
 
 Margaret. 
 
 Raphe Assheton. :^Alice, daughter of William Hilton, of Farnworth, esq. 
 
 Andrew, rector of Mungewell, co. O.tford. 
 
 Elizybeth. 
 
 Raphe Assheton, ofc^lst, Johanna, widow of Edward RadclifiFe, of Todmorden, esq. and=:2d, Anne, daughter of John Talbot, son of Sir Thomas Talbot, 
 Great Lever, esq. one of the co-heirs of Thomas Radcliffe, of Wimbersley, esq."* of Bashall, relict of Edmund Assheton, of Chatterton, esq. 
 
 Richard, progenitor of the first race of the As.ihetuns=Margaict, daughter nf .\(lam 
 of Downham, which was given him by his great uncle. Hilton, of the Park, esq. 
 
 Chri3tiana.=Wil1iain Bannister, esq. 
 
 Sir Raphe Assheton f, of Great Lever and^lst, Dorothy, daughter of=^d, Eleanor, daughter of 
 Whalley, bom 157J), created a baronet Sir James Bellingham, Thomas Shuttleworth, 
 "" " I of I 
 
 1620, sep. Whalley, Oct. 18, 1C44. 
 
 of Levens, co. Westm. 
 
 _i_. 
 
 esq. of Gawthorpc. 
 
 Katcliffe, born l.')82, ancestor 
 of the present family of Cuer- 
 dale and Downham. 
 
 Jane, born 1573,=rRichard Tovvne- 
 died at Hapton ley, of Towne- 
 Tower 1635. ley, esq. 
 
 Alice,^,\lex. Stan- 
 born dish, of Dux- 
 1574. bury, esq. 
 
 Elizabelh,=George Preston, 
 boin 15/5. of Holker, esq. 
 
 Margaret, 
 born 1.5*3, 
 unmarried. 
 
 Anne, born 
 1578, un- 
 married. 
 
 Sir Raphe Assheton, hart. oh. lOSO, buried=plst, Dorothy, dau.^-^d, Elizabeth, dau. 
 at Downliam, where he made the family 
 vault in the chancel. He pulled down the 
 «1(1 Abbey Church and Tower at Whalley. 
 
 TT"~ 
 
 -T' 
 
 of Nic. Tufton, of Su' Sapcote Har- 
 earl of Thanet, rington, of Royde, 
 ob. s. p. CO. Line. 
 
 Richard. 
 
 Thonias,=:j=Anne, dau. of Sir 
 
 Nicolas, 
 
 John, 
 
 James, 
 
 Alexander. 
 
 a mer- 
 
 Sheffield Clapham, 
 
 died un- 
 
 RadcUff. 
 
 ob. s, p. 
 
 Both died 
 
 chant. 
 
 of Bethmesley, co. 
 
 married. 
 
 Both died 
 
 
 young. 
 
 
 Ebor. hart. 
 
 
 young. 
 
 
 Sir Edmund Asshe- 
 ton, bart. born ]62l), 
 sep. Whall. Oct. 31, 
 1695, s. p. 
 
 Sir Jolm Assheton, bart. born=:Catharine, daughter of Sir Hinry 
 1621, died at Lower Hall, Fletcher, of Hutton, co. Cum- 
 Gisbume, June 9, 169*. herland, relict of Tho. Lister, 
 Brad. MSS. s.p. of Amoldsbiggin, esq. 
 
 Anne,^Sir Raphe Assheton, 
 16.>0. I of MidtUeton, bai'i. 
 
 Raphe, died young. 
 
 Thomas, Commoner of Brazenose College, Oxford, where 
 he died, and was inteired in the cloister Aug. 9, 1670. 
 
 Sir Raphe Assheton *, nf Middleton, bart. who took possession of WhaiIej'=pMary, d.^ughter and heiress of Thomas Vavasour. 
 Abbey, as heir in tail, June 11, 1697, ob, 1716. Brad. MSS. I of Spaldington, esq. buried at Middleton, 1694. 
 
 Four children, 
 died infants. 
 
 Richard Vavasour Assheton, died 
 in his father's life-time, s, p. 
 
 Anne, eldest daughter, died 1730, enjoyed her mother's=pH. Trafford, of 
 estate of Spaldington, by a decree in Chanceiy. | Trafford, esq. 
 
 Maiy Assheton. ob.=pSir Nathaniel 
 17*6, jet. 81. Curzon, bart. 
 
 Cathaiine,=Thomas Lister, of 
 Amoldsbiggin, esq. 
 
 Huiuphrey Trafford, esq. ob. s. p. 177f(. laving devised 
 TratTord tu Julm Trafford, esq. of Cioston. 
 
 Cecil andSigis- 
 nuind, ob. s. p. 
 
 Anne, =P. Barnes, esq. 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 1. Annc = Lieut. Col. Henrv North, took the name and arms of 
 As-heton I Vavasour, as directed by the will of T. Vavasour. 
 •<\. and was created a baronet 1801. 
 
 Elizabeth, had her mother's estate=^Maile Yates, esq. of 
 at Spaldington, died I78S. MagbuU, ob. 1757- 
 
 Nalhaniel, now 
 Lord Scai-sdale. 
 
 V; 
 
 ^lward Tntffoi 
 •^'ed s. p. 179G, 
 
 2. Maiy.^l. John Aspinall, esq.=:2. Henry Aspin- 
 ob. 1794. Serjeant at law. wall, esq. 
 
 ;. Catbarina-Eleonora^Robert Caiuphel!, esq. 
 Yates, living 1806. ofAshirshj has issue. 
 
 .Assheton Curzon,=pl. Esther, daughterof:==2. Dorothy, sister (o Ri-= 
 now Lord Cujzon. ^Vm. Hanmer. esq. chard, 1st EarlGrosvenor. 
 
 1 I 1 I I 
 
 A'^lieton, 
 
 Rnbcrt, 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 , Anne Margai-ette, sister t« 
 Sir William Meredith 5 , bart. 
 
 Penn Assheton Cur— pSophia Charlotte, eldest daughter of 
 zon, died in 1797. 1 Earl Howe, now Baroness Howe. 
 
 Charlotte, married to 
 Dugdale Stratford Dug- 
 dale, of Merevale, esq. 
 
 Henry Maghull Mervin, 
 living 180G. 
 
 George-Augustus-William Curzon, 
 born in 1*88, died Jan. G, ia05. 
 
 Mananne, 
 born 1790. 
 
 Leicester, born 
 179*2, died 1793. 
 
 Richard Pcnn Curzon, born in 1796, 
 the present owner of Whalley Abbey. 
 
 •There is at Townlcy a portrait, on hoard, of this lady, who seems to have been fair-complexioned and handsome. It is ascertained by the arms, which are Assheton, impaling Ratcliff of Wimbersley, quartering Ratcliff of Todmorden. Date, 1 think. 1580. 
 ^^ t This Sir Raphe Assheton sold the paternal estate of Great Lever to Bridgman, Bishop of Chester, about the year 1G29. In the latter part of his life he complains of great oppression from Archbishop Laud, in breaking a lease of the Rectory of Whalley. on which account he was compelled 
 «0 make a journey to London when verj' gouty and infirai.— Assheton MSS. 
 
 t Tills Sir Rapbe Assheton had a brother Richanl, whose eldest son Raphe succeeded to the baronetcy and estate of Middleton, and was faUier of Lady Suffield and Lady Gray de Wilton. 
 
 * ^''^ow <jf Barlow Trecothick, esq. Lord Mayor of London.
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 245 
 
 "We have now deduced our account of the two flourishing families who seated themselves 
 upon the ricli domains of the Abbey of Whalley, to the present time, a deduction which may 
 serve to confront the many striking facts adduced by Sir Henry Spehnan* and his superstitious 
 followers of the last century, in proof of their favourite doctrine, that ecclesiastical lands, in the 
 hands of laymen, became a curse to tiieir owners. For here is an instance of two opulent 
 families, who have retained possession of this unblest inheritance for a longer period than their 
 monkish predecessors. One of these, in ail human probability, may continue in possession of 
 their moiety for generations to come; and the other have been compelled to alienate theirs from 
 a cause which operates in the present day, with equal force, upon property never consecrated 
 to the service of religion. 
 
 An account of the Vicarage, and a catalogue of the Vicars of this Church, having already 
 been given, it only remains to notice the fabric, of which the different parts are of very different 
 ^^rjjds. The oldest parts of the church now remaining, (for of the original structure, the 
 alba ecclesiu subtus lega, it is almost superfluous to say, there are no vestiges,) are the columns 
 of the North aile, cylindrical but not massy, and therefore considerably later than the Conquest. 
 The choir must be referred either to one of the last deans, or to the earlier part of the incumbency 
 of Peter de Cestria. The windows are lancet-shaped ; the buttresses perpendicular, with little pro- 
 jection, and bound by a filleting or string course to the wall, differing, on the whole, very little 
 from the genuine Saxon pilaster but in the termination ; which, though it takes place rather beneath 
 the square, approaches to the pinnacle form. The East window, which undoubtedly occupies 
 the place of the three original lights always seen in the East end of the genuine buildino-s of 
 this period, is comparatively modern, and filled with ramified tracery. Within, and on the 
 South side of the altar, are three seats for the officiating priests, supported on small cylindrical 
 columns. The hearth of the vestry is a very ancient grave-stone, with a border of foliage ; and 
 an inscription, of which I was, with some difliculty, enabled to recover the following remains, 
 apparently part of an hexameter and pentameter line : 
 
 OVI. COe. PLA8C1DA8TI. TV. 
 
 Op. 8IT. \T eXCLVSA. Te. 
 The form of these letters is that of Edw. I. ; and the tomb may, with equal probability, be 
 referred to Peter de Cestria, the last rector; or to Thurstan de Cestria, first prior; the latter 
 of whom is known to have been interred before the altar of Our Lady, within a few yards of the 
 place where the stone now lies. 
 
 The only known memorial of a vicar of this church is the following inscription, upon a 
 brass plate, fixed in the wall above the altar: — 
 
 " Huic subsunt cippo exuviae rcverendi Dni. Stephani Gey, ^'icarii de Whalley, qui 
 annos plus minus triginta pastoris evangelici hac in parochia munere egregic functus est; 
 cujusquevitse probe peractae exitus etiam piusetplacidus respondit. Occubuit 8vo die Oct. 1G93." 
 
 * See his celebrated Treatise " De non temerandis Ecclesiis, and his singiihir account of many considerable 
 families in the County of Norfolk, which were supposed to have entailed a curse upon their posterity by the acf[ui>ilion 
 ot Abbey-lands. If this hypothesis needed any confutation, it might be found in the flourishing hou-e of Kussel, 
 which was elevated above the fortune of ordinary gentry, only by the abbey domains of Thorney, Wooburn, and 
 Tavistock. 
 
 Placed
 
 246 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 Placed against the North wall of this choir is a modern monument: 
 
 " Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth, wife of James Whalley, esq. of Clerk Hill, near this 
 place, who died Sep. 8th, I785, in the 24th year of her age. She was second daughter of the 
 Rev. Richard Assheton, D, D. warden of the collegiate church of Manchester, and rector of 
 Middleton, in this county, by Mary his wife, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Wm. Hulls, 
 Esq. of Popes, in the county of Hertford. 
 
 " Here sleeps Eliza ! let the marble tell 
 
 How young, how sudden, and how dear she fell ; 
 
 How blest and blessing in the nuptial tie, 
 
 How form'd for every gentle sympathy! 
 
 Her life, by Heaven approv'd, by earth admir'd. 
 
 Amidst the brightest happiness expir'd ; 
 
 And left an husband fix'd in grief to mourn, 
 
 Widow'd of all her virtues, o'er her urn ; 
 
 Yet, while he feels and bends beneath the rod, 
 
 Meek Resignation lifts his eye to God, 
 
 And shews within the blest eternal sphere 
 
 'J he partner of his bosom sainted there : 
 
 He bows, and breathes, so Faith has train'd her son. 
 
 Great Sovereign of the world. Thy will be done," 
 
 Since the first edition of this Work, another monument, by Westmacott, has been erected 
 immediately beside the former, and is thus inscribed : 
 
 Near this place are deposited the remains 
 
 of Sir James Whalley Smyth Gardiner, of Clerk Hill, Baronet, 
 
 who died August the 21st, 1805, in the 56th year of his age. 
 
 He was the third son of Robert Whalle}', M.D. by Grace his wife, 
 
 only child of Bernard Gardiner, Warden of All Souls' College, Oxford, 
 
 brother of Sir Brocas Gardiner, of Roche Court, in the County of Hants. 
 
 As a Christian, he was faithful, zealous, and charitable ; 
 
 As a husband and parent, kind and affectionate ; 
 
 as a friend, sincere ; 
 
 As a subject, true to his Country ; 
 
 and as a Magistrate, judicious and impartial. 
 
 Deeply sensible of their loss, 
 
 his Widow and Children erected this Monument 
 
 as a tribute of their regret for departed worth. 
 
 It has already been observed, that a part of the stalls of the abbey have fortunately been 
 
 removed into this choir, to which they are so aukwardly adapted as sufficiently to prove that it 
 
 is not their original situation. 
 
 They
 
 BookIV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 247 
 
 They are eighteen in number. The canopies, though not highly adorned, are very light and ele- 
 gant. On the Miserere of the Abbot's Stall, now occupied by a far inferior personage (the Vicar) 
 is a wreath of vine, enriched with clusters of grapes, emblems of the plenty an<l good cheer attached 
 to his olhce, and underneath, the initials of Abbot WiUiam Whalley, witli this jinghng hexameter: 
 <t>cmper gatiticntEjJ ^int \^ta ^tbt .scOente.si. — Opposite is the Prior's stall, on which is a very ludi- 
 crous sculpture; a satyr, armed with a club and covered with rough hair, in the posture of 
 supplication, and weeping oaken tears, before a pert broad-faced girl, who is evidently laughing 
 at his suit. In the corner beyond, appears a grave, bearded man, witii his sword and buckler 
 cast away, kneeling, with uplifted hands, before a female, who is beating hiin about the head 
 with a ladle. These, perhaps, might be intended to console the monks for the privations of 
 love and marriage. In the corresponding angle, to the South, is the whimsical carving of a 
 man shoeing a goose, already described. The rest are of very different degrees of merit ; but 
 on one is an aged head, crowned, in which dignity and gravity are very well expressed ; and on 
 another is a large leaf, exquisitely carved. These had long been neglected, and were rapidly 
 approaching to decay, but have lately been repaired and varnished; and, when seen from the 
 East end of the choir, have a very striking eflect. In long perspective, beyond, is seen another 
 very ornamental feature of this church ; namely, an excellent organ, given by a munificent 
 and public-spirited inhabitant of this place, whose name ought to go down to posterity for that 
 as well as many useful works, planned and executed by him in the adjoining districts*. A sub- 
 scription is now nearly closed, for the purpose of adorning the East window with painted glass, 
 consisting principally of the armorial bearings belonging to the ancient families of the parish, 
 existing or extinct, which, with its other peculiar ornaments, will give an air of solemnity to 
 the choir little inferior to that of a cathedral. 
 
 Within or adjoining to the North chapel was a brass plate, with the figures of a man 
 and woman kneeling before a desk. Behind the father were nine sons, and behind the mother 
 eleven daughters. Beneath was this inscription : 
 
 <0f pour (\)aut\e prau foe tije ijoulca" o£ i^apl^e OlatteraK, (jr^quire, anD «clijabetlj Iji^ tonff, anD for nH 
 ttieit rbil&rcn.ii goultsi, toljicf) i^ayl^e oecciS.scD tJjc xx tiao of ©sccmtcr 1515, of iuJjOiSc ^auk^ 3t.su Ijabc 
 mcrcif. amen. 
 
 Tiie plate was in the possession of Robert Sherburne, of Mitton, esq. in 1659, and is now 
 lost. But though the pillars have undergone no alteration, I can discover no groove in which 
 it has been inserted. It is therefore more probable that it was fixed to the surface of the wall. 
 
 Fixed to the wall of the North aile, and immediately adjoining the place of their interment, 
 is a larger marble monument to the family of Braddyll, thus inscribed : 
 
 To the memory of the Family of Bradhull, of Brockhole, and afterwaids Bradhull of Portfield, 
 
 who were settled in this county in the reign of Edward II. 
 
 many of whose remains are deposited near this place. 
 
 Thomas Braddyll, of Portfield, esq. was buried May 30th, 1706, in the 85th year of his age. 
 
 He married Jane, co-heiress of William Rishton, 
 of Dunnisthorp, in the County of Lancaster : 
 
 * Adam Cottam, Esq. 
 
 She
 
 248 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap, T. 
 
 She died in Feb. l6gj. 
 
 Tlieir issue were two sons and three daughters. 
 
 Thomas, the eldest, died Feb. 22, 16^2. 
 
 Mary married Alexander Osbaldeston, of Osbaldeston, esq. 
 
 in the said County. 
 
 Anne died Aug. 1", 1732, aged 77; and Alice 15th Sept. I743, aged 88; 
 
 both unmarried. 
 
 John, the second son, married Sarah, sole heiress of Miles Dodding, 
 
 of Conishead Priory, in this County, Esq. 
 
 (and removed the family to that place) ; 
 
 by whom he had twelve children. 
 
 He departed this life March I7, 1728. 
 
 Dodding, his son and heir, married Mary, only daughter 
 
 of Captain Samuel Hide, by Martha, younger daughter of 
 
 Nathanael Smith, of London, Esq. By the said Mary he had 
 
 three sons. The youngest only survived him. 
 
 He died the 31st of December, 1748, aged 49. 
 
 Roger Braddyll, Esq. son of Edward Braddyll, 
 
 interred 8th of March, I718, married Dame Mary Goldsborrow, 
 
 relict of Sir John Goldsborrow, and 
 
 eldest daughter of Nathanael Smith, Esq. 
 
 The first pew on the right hand of the middle aile of the nave belongs to the manor of Hapton, 
 and is constructed of ancient and massy wainscoat, long prior to the Reformation. — The next, which 
 is much more modern, will yet prove the falsehood of a commonly-received opinion, that before 
 that period the naves of our parish-churches were like those of cathedrals, or only fitted up with 
 forms. The next is a magnificent old pew, belonging to the manor of Read, with this inscrip- 
 tion, in black letter: — irflttum t^t pec iSogcrum JSntocII armigcrum anno ^n\. mcccccxxxiiii. — 
 He was brother to Dr. Alexander Nowell, Dean of St. Paul's, and to my ancestress, Elizabeth 
 Nowell. On the outside, and apparently upon an enlargement of the pew, is a repetition of the 
 former inscription, but of a much later date: pactum cjSt, pcc jRogecum notDrll, ilrm. wccccccx. 
 The lattice-work, containing the initials of Roger and Dorothy Nowell, and the date 1690, is 
 beautifully carved. 
 
 The chantry at the head of the South aile is appropriated to the Abbey ; that on the North 
 to the manor of Little Mitton *. On the wainscot-screen of the latter we read : ©rate pro aniina 
 Cbo. 1£atoc .fllonactii, who probably served at this altar. At the very entrance of this chapel, and 
 close to the burial-place of the Paslews, of Wiswall, is the stone which I have assigned to the 
 last unfortunate Abbot, John Paslew ; and near the font that of Christopher Smith, the last 
 prior of Whalley, for both which see the Miscellaneous Plate. 
 
 St. Mary's Chapel was granted A.D. 1593, to Ralph Assheton, Esq. in right of the Abbey, 
 by an order of vestry, countersigned and sealed by archbishop Whitgift ; the original of vvhichj 
 together with a faculty annexed, now remains among the Assheton MSS. 
 
 Notwithstanding this, the Chapel having been claimed 3 Jac. by Roger Nowell, of Read, 
 
 * Townley MSS. 
 
 Esq.
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 240 
 
 Esq. occasioned a suit in the Duchy-chamber, which brought out a body of curious evidence 
 from Ralph CoUinge, parish-clerk, aged 89, who remembered the church 80 years, and had 
 been parish-clerk four j^ears before the Dissolution. From his deposition, and some others, I 
 will select the following particulars: — The North and South chapels were called St. Mary and 
 St. Nicholas Kage * ; and having been erected in consequence of the suppression of the hermitage, 
 daily mass was said in them till the dissolution of the abbey. The lattice-work was cut by 
 one Etough, carver to the abbey. The South window was glazed at the cost of Vicar Seller 
 and some others, and had the following inscription : Orate p. aiabUjS %oW <§>cler, Uitatii De 
 JDIja[[tji, Olibir ^jjuttiltoortlj rt urovi.^ tju.'S et l^cn. Ijolficr, qui i.^tam fcneiStram Gcri fcccrunt, A.D. 
 
 MCCCCCX. 
 
 But, after the Dissolution, mass was constantly said in these two chapels by Sir Christopher 
 Smith and SirTho. Harwood, and by Sir J. Law and Sir Laur. Forest, when they were at Whalley. 
 Besides these. Sir George Crenefield, of whom it does not appear that he was a monk, said 
 Jesus mass on Fridays in the roodloft, over the entrance of the choir, and other masses, some- 
 times at the high altar, and sometimes in other parts of the church. From the same deposi- 
 tions it appears, that the pew belonging to the Towneley family, in right of their manor of 
 Hapton, was anciently called ^t. anton*^ ftagc ; and that a dispute having arisen on account 
 of sittings in the church, Sir John Towneley, as the principal man of the parish, was sent for 
 to decide it; when it was remembered that he had made use of the following remarkable 
 words: — " My man Shuttleworth, bf Hacking, made this form, and here will I sit when I 
 come, and my cousin Nowell may make one behind me if he please — (this is the exact relative 
 situation of the two pews at present) — and my sonne Sherburne shall make one on the other 
 side, and Mr. Catteral another behind him ; and for the residue the use shall be, first come first 
 speed, and that will make the proud wives of Whalle\' rise betimes to come to church."— 
 These words were remembered by the old clerk, and were reported by another witness, 
 on the information of Mr. John Crombock, of Clerk Hill, who had been the last agent to 
 the abbey. 
 
 The words were indeed not likely to be forgotten, as they would probably occasion some 
 mirth in the husbands, and some spleen in the proud icives of fVhalleif. 
 
 Upon an inspection of the pew, it evidently appears that the old wainscoting of .f>t. Sinton'^ 
 Rage still remains, but that the lattice-work above has been cut away. 
 
 This award must have been made before, but probably not long before, the year 1534, as the 
 pew belonging to the manor of Read must have been made in consequence of it. It appears, 
 that before this time the gentlewomen of Read sat at a form next to the pillar below. 
 
 Shuttleworth of Hacking, whom the knight bluffly calls my man, was however a person of 
 I)ropertv, and was probably his principal agent, or perhaps one of his esquires. 
 
 There was at the same time a tradition at Whalley, that Isold de Heton, the last anchoress, 
 broke her leg upon Whalley Nab, in making her escape. 
 
 In this church repose the ancient deans of Whalley, the Delaleghs, the Nowells, the Cat- 
 terals, the Sherburnes-|-, the Asshetons, all without a single known memorial ;{:. Such has 
 
 * The Hungerford Chapel, in Salisbnry Cathedral, was vulgarly called the Cage. — Gougli, Sep. Mon. Part II. p. 159. 
 
 t Of Little Mitton. 
 
 I The Braddylls alone have one modern inscription, inserted p. C47. 
 
 2 K been
 
 250 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 been the unhappy frugality of our ancestors with respect to sepulchral decorations, while the 
 gross and misplaced extravagance of their funeral banquets often devoured in a day what might 
 have purchased a tribute of affection and a specimen of art, which would have remained for 
 centuries. In the South of England, a church which had been the deposit of so many famihes 
 of equal opulence and antiquity with these, would have had its walls filled with niches and 
 cumbent statues, or its ailes paved with monumental brasses. In the church-yard are a stone 
 coffin, and another stone with the rude remains of an human figure in relievo, both of 
 considerable antiquity ; but, above all, the three venerable and ever-memorable crosses of 
 Paulinus, genuine remains, as I firmly believe, of the period to which they had been 
 assii^ned by tradition. It ought not to be forgotten that these remains of ecclesiastical anti- 
 quity were laid prostrate, and in danger of being destroyed, at the induction of Mr. John- 
 son, whose first care it was to have them firmly and durably erected upon their original 
 bases. 
 
 Such is the present state of this most ancient church, the decayed mother of many daugh- 
 ters, now more flourishing and opulent than herself. 
 
 The church of Whalley has been repaired, for time immemorial, by the inhabitants of the 
 eight towns ; for in a cause promoted as early as the year 1335, by these townships, together 
 with Clithcroe and Downham, which seem at that time to have had a common interest in the 
 repairs of the Mother Church, against the chapelries of Brunley, Church, Haslingden, and 
 Colne, the latter prescribed for an exemption, and their plea was allowed. 
 
 Notwithstanding this suit, and a general release granted in consequence, it seems to have 
 been moved again more than 60 years after; for, in the 21st of Rich. II. an award was made 
 by John of Gaunt, at his castle of Pontefract, to this purpose, that unless the inhabitants of 
 Burnley, &c. shewed cause of exemption within a certain day, they should contribute to the 
 repairs of the parish-church in common with the other townships. It appears that they did 
 shew cause, and the suit was laid asleep, 
 
 The original of this award, in old French, yet remains among the Assheton MSS. at 
 Whalley Abbey ; and it has appendant to it, not the duke's great seal, but the impression of a 
 ring signet, with a capital I and a ducal coronet over it. 
 
 In the year 1335, ai^ injunction was issued by the ecclesiastical court of Litchfield * to the 
 abbot and convent as appropriatois, to repair the chancel of the parish-church ; a proof that it 
 was even then of considerable antiquity ; for a durable building of those days would scarcely 
 have fallen into so scandalous a state of dilapidation, as to call for the interposition of the ordinary 
 in so short a period as a century-^. 
 
 Such neglect of a church immediately under the eye of the house, was very disreputable; 
 but it must be remembered, that the money and attention of the monks were too much 
 employed, at that time, upon their own magnificent fabric, to leave any portion, either of the one 
 or the other, to be laid out upon a secondary object. 
 
 A Lancashire church-yard, with shame and disgust be it confessed, is just as much a 
 
 * Townley MSS. 
 
 t I have already assigned the choir to Peter de Cestria, or one of the later deans ; but it is more probably the work 
 of the last. 
 
 receptacle
 
 Book IV.— Chap. 1] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 25 1 
 
 receptacle for the ordure of tlie living as the bodies of the dead. This had long been matter 
 of inefl'ectual complaint at Whalley. The present incumbent, however, on his accession to the 
 benefice, prevailed on the parties interested to close all the doors which opened into the church- 
 yard ; and by obstructing three footways by which it was crossed, and fixing strong iron gates 
 at the several entrances, was enabled to remove this intolerable nuisance. At the same time, 
 the margins of this spacious burial-ground were planted with trees, now beginning to give 
 something of that sequestered and shady appearance to the place which becomes its character. 
 
 The Vicarage-house had been so durably and excellently re-built by Mr. Johnson, with 
 oak timber given by Archbishop Potter, that it had endured more than thirty years of non- 
 residence and utter neglect, without any serious appearance of dilapidation. But it had been 
 degraded into a mere cottage, the garden nearly destoyed ; and the fruit-trees, planted by the 
 restorer of the house, grubbed up. Under these unpromising circumstances, the present 
 Incumbent took possession. Within and without, the place has since assumed a different aspect; 
 and a small estate in Dutton, given by him for the augmentation of the benefice, has been the 
 means of procuring a parliamentary grant of 300/. which is now accumulating for the benefit 
 of the next Incumbent. It has been the fate of this benefice to have had many enemies, and 
 scarcely more than one friend. But, as the dignified patrons will probably be fully aware, here- 
 after, of the reasons which exist for bestowing the Living of Whalley on men of property only, 
 it is to be hoped that each of these, in succession, will contribute somewhat towards raising it once 
 more to a state of independence on private fortune, fitted to the situation of an Incumbent, 
 who is placed at the head of one of the largest parishes and the most numerous bodies of 
 parochial Clergy in the kingdom. 
 
 The Grammar School of Whalley, which, after the dissolution of the Abbey, had remained 
 above ten years without any settled means of instruction, was endowed by Edward VI. with a 
 pension of twenty marks, issuing out of the rectory of Tunstall, in this count3\ From the 
 name of the old school-house, which is still attached to the large room above the Western 
 gateway of the Abbey, it is probable that the youth of the place were taught there till 
 the year I725 or I726, when the present School and Master's house were built by con- 
 tribution. 
 
 It is asserted, in the Braddyll MSS. that all the detached estates in the township of Whalley, 
 viz. Morton, Asterlev, Parkhead, and Clerkhill, were abbey demesnes; though I have some 
 doubts with respect to the first and last, Morton having given name to a family subsisting before 
 the dissolution of the abbey, and Clerkhill being, in all probability, the place granted by 
 Geoffry, dean of Whalley, to Ughtred the clerk*, and deriving its name from thence. It was 
 long the property of the Crumbockes, who sold it to the Whalley family ; and it is now the 
 beautiful residence of Robert Whalley, Esq. second son of Sir James Whalley Smith Gardiner, 
 bart. who extended and enriched his domain by a fortunate purchase of a moiety of the manor 
 of Whalley from the Braddylls. 
 
 By Inquisition 9th of Henry VIII. it was found that the abbot's park of Whalley was 
 inclosed 22d Henry VII.; but it is probable that this refers only to a iicentia imparcandi of 
 later date than the time at which it was actually enclosed, 
 
 * Townley MSS. 
 
 The
 
 252 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 The house of Portfield, which was the residence of the Braddyll family from about the 
 middle of the last century, when they ahandoned their ancient house of Brockhole, till the 
 beginning of the present, when they remove:! to Conyside, is now destroyed to the foundations. 
 
 On the highest point of ground within the lord's park, and immediately adjoining to the 
 site of Portfield, are the remains of a considerable encampment, of which the figure has been 
 a trapezium. Of this the N. and E. sides are pretty entire, with a double rampart and foss, 
 rectilinear, but rounded off at the angles. A road carried in the bottom of the foss on the 
 S. has rendered the appearances less distinct on that side, and a very precipitous sand-bank on 
 the W. But its form and situation, of which the latter commands a very fine and extensive 
 prospect of the Vale of Calder, Bibblesdale, and Bowland, render it highly probable that it 
 was one of the castra cestiva dependent upon Ribchester. On the verge of the township of 
 Whalley, far beneath, and within the township of Billington, is an angle formed by the junction 
 of the Calder, and a brook called the Castle, and in a situation very like that of a permanent 
 Roman encampment. I will not say that this was the Gallunio, because I hold, with Mr. Whi- 
 taker, that there was no Gallunio ; besides, it is distinguished by no remains. Whatever it 
 may have been, it was conveyed by Peter de Cestria, rector of Whalley, more than five centuries 
 ago, by the name of Le Castell. The former encampment has no name ; and no remains have 
 ever, so far as I can learn, been discovered either in the one or the other. 
 
 To these vestiges, real or imaginary, of Roman antiquity about Whalley, I have now to add, 
 on a nearer acquaintance with the place, that the church and church-yard themselves are included 
 within a quadrangular fortification, which has every peculiarity incident to a Roman encamp- 
 ment. The Southern boundary of the church-yard is a deep and distinct foss and agger, to 
 which another corresponds on the North side of the houses, forming the Church-lane. The 
 Western side, though now interrupted and irregular, is sufficiently visible beyond the gar- 
 dens formerly belonging to the hermitage, and has united with the Northern side, very 
 near the Abbey Pools. On the East, all vestiges of it are destroj^ed by the street. It was an 
 oblong, placed on a perfect level, immediately contiguous to a brook, and near its union with 
 a principal river; all which are decisive evidences of Roman castrametation. The remaining 
 strength of the ramparts probably decided the choice of the first Saxon settlers in the site 
 of their church, hall, and village. Nothing was more frequent than this circumstance. Our 
 old Saxon churches, either from this cause, or that some remains of population had continued 
 to linger about the Roman settlements, are perpetually placed within the precincts of the 
 latter: a position which may be exemplified by the situation of the Saxon churches (and in 
 most instances by the halls of the lords) at Manchester, Lancaster, Ilkley, Tadcaster, Castle- 
 ford, and many other places. The whole area of this fort, at Whalley, must have been 
 about four statute-acres, or scarcely half the extent of a principal station. Its Roman name 
 has wholly perished, as Whalley is pure Saxon ; but it was, in all probability, the winter camp, 
 with which, dcpendently, perhaps, on Ribchester, the camp at Portfield was connected as 
 summer-quarters. It was also at a mean distance between Ribchester and Burnley, where 
 was undoubtedly a Roman settlement; and nearly at the same distance from both, that 
 Burnley is from Colne. 
 
 LITTLE
 
 [To face p. 252 
 
 SMYTHE. 
 
 Sebastian Smythe, D. D.T^Dorothv, daughter 
 
 Canon of Christ Church, 
 Oxford, died April 29, 
 1674, buried at Christ 
 Church, M.I. 
 
 of 
 
 died December 9, 
 
 1683. 
 
 Sir Sebastian Smythe, of Cuddesden, in=p:Grace, daughter 
 
 the county of Oxford, Knt. baptized 
 at Christ ' Church, June 18, 1644, 
 knighted July 11, 1685, a Bencher of 
 the Middle Temple, 1697, died July 21, 
 1733, aged 89. 
 
 of ... . Astyn, 
 
 of 
 
 in the county 
 of btatford. 
 
 Edward Smythe, 
 
 born 
 
 died Oct. 31, 
 1700. 
 
 , Thomas A 
 of Sparth 
 Oriel Coll 
 ford, M. 
 unmarriei 
 atGreatH 
 in the cc 
 Lancastei 
 
 — I — r 
 
 II, 
 
 Edward. Elizabeth.=John Robinson, 
 Ralph. Rector or Vi- 
 
 James. car of Choi- 
 
 grove, in the 
 county of O.x- 
 ford. 
 
 Sebastian Smythe,: 
 
 born 
 
 died 
 
 buried at Cud- 
 desden, Dec. 6, 
 1752, aged 75. 
 
 =Hester, daughter 
 of. . .Lowndes, 
 of Nov. 2.5, 
 
 bornMarch26, 
 1680,baplized 
 at Chisvvick, 
 April 11, fol- 
 lowinff. 
 
 Dorothy .=JamesStope8, 
 died Rector of 
 
 Brightwell, 
 in the coimty 
 
 of Oxford. 
 
 He reuiairied, 
 
 and had 
 
 issue. 
 
 1733, 
 
 s. p. 
 
 aged 64. 
 
 . John Whi 
 of Blackr 
 born Noi 
 1700. 
 
 daugh- 
 ter of 
 
 Cole, died 
 
 July 24, 
 1747,buried 
 at Fareham, 
 s. p. M. I. 
 
 Brocas, 
 
 and 
 Barnard, 
 died s. p. 
 
 Frances.=;=. 
 
 . . Hook, Catherine.: 
 of Ports- 
 mouth. 
 
 :Edward Kay, Barbara Smythe, of Cuddes- 
 of 4atton den, in the county of Ox- 
 Garden, ford, only child, born . . . 
 
 died s. p. died unmarried, 
 
 Jan. 27, 1787, aged about 
 75, buried at Cuddesden. 
 
 Elizabcth.=^i„^j.^ of^=2 
 
 Lancas- 
 /Jxford, 
 College, 
 i Middle 
 
 0, 1768, 
 in the 
 
 Dct 2S, 
 
 1, buried 
 
 daughter 
 
 of Robert Master, 
 D. D. Rector of 
 Croston, Dec. 3, 
 1789. 
 
 .Thomas Wil- 
 liam VVhal lev, 
 born Sept. 2, 
 1754, unmar- 
 ried in 1787. 
 
 "T 
 
 2. Barnard, 
 
 3. Robert, 
 5. Barnard, 
 Barbara, 
 all died un- 
 married. 
 
 I 
 Grace,: 
 
 born 
 
 Aug. 
 
 20, 
 
 175.:. 
 
 :Sir William Henry Ash- 
 ursl, Knt. one of the 
 Judges of the Court of 
 King's Bench, born 
 
 mairied April 
 
 .. 1772. 
 
 A daugh- 
 ter, died 
 an infant. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 1. William Henry 
 Asrhuist, eldest 
 son, aged about 
 8, in 1787. 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 2. Henry John 
 Ashurstjdied 
 an infant. 
 
 3. James Henry 
 Ashurst. 
 
 4. Thomas Henry 
 .^shuret. 
 
 Grace, only daughter, 
 born in Spring Gar- 
 dens, Dec. 6, 1773, 
 living in 1787.
 
 [To face p. 252 
 
 IFH^LLEY. 
 
 GARDINER. 
 
 SMYTHE. 
 
 of. 
 
 Whalley^ daughte»- 
 
 of. 
 
 r 
 
 Robert Gardiner,: 
 from Wigau, in 
 the county of 
 Lancaster. 
 M. 1. 
 
 i. Elizabeth, daughter=T homas Whalley,: 
 
 of Bolton, of of Sparth, inthe 
 
 Copster Green, in parish of Whal- 
 Ribblesdale, in the ley, in thecouo- 
 county of Lancaster, ty of Lancaster, 
 died without issue. 
 
 ^. Ellen, daughter 
 
 of Barton, 
 
 of mar- 
 ried about 1658. 
 
 William Gardiner, of Roche Court,: 
 in the county of Southampton, 
 created a Knight of the Bath at 
 the Coronation of King Charles II. 
 and a Baronet the same year ; 
 died 1691. 
 
 :Mary, daughter of 
 
 Palmer, and sister to 
 Sir William Palmer^ 
 of Bedfordshire. 
 
 Jane, sole daughter and heir of Robert 
 Brocas, of Beaurepaire, in the county 
 of Southampton, Esq. 
 
 Sebastian Smythe, D. D.=jpDorothy, daughter 
 
 Canon of Christ Church, 
 Oxford, died April 29, 
 1674, buried at Christ 
 Church, M. I. 
 
 of 
 
 diedDecember9, 
 1683. 
 
 r 
 
 Sir Sebastian Smythe, of Cuddeaden, in:^Grace, daughter 
 
 the county of Oxford, Knt. baptized 
 at Christ Church, June 18, 1644, 
 knighted July 11, IGH.'i, a Bencher ot 
 the MiddleTemple, 1697, died July 31, 
 1733, aged S9. 
 
 of Astyn, 
 
 of 
 
 in the county 
 of Stafford. 
 
 Edward Smythe, 
 
 born 
 
 died Oct. 31, 
 1700. 
 
 l.ThumasWhalley, 
 of S|)arili, and of 
 Oiiel College, Ox- 
 ford. M. D, died 
 unmarried, buried 
 atGreatHanvuoH, 
 in the county of 
 Lancaster. M.I. 
 
 2. John Whal]ey,^Anne, daughter of 
 
 of Blackburn, 
 in the county 
 of Lancaster, 
 died .April 1, 
 1733, buried 
 there. 
 
 Handle Sharpies, 
 of Blackburn, 
 Gent. 
 
 James Whalley, 
 the purchaser 
 of Clerkhill 
 about 1715, 
 died unmar- 
 ried, buried 
 at Harwood, 
 Oct. 1734. 
 
 Robert, 
 
 died 
 
 infant. 
 
 Isabella, 
 died 
 
 unmar- 
 Tied. 
 
 Barnard Gardiner ,:^Grace, daughter Sir Brocas Gardiner, Bart. =^ Alicia, daughter of Sir 
 
 Warden of All- 
 Souls' CoUege, 
 Oxford, born at 
 Roche Court, 
 .... died .... 
 
 ofSirSebastian 
 Smythe, Knt. 
 died Dec. 24, 
 1*47, aged 69, 
 buried at Cud- 
 desden. 
 
 a Commissioner of the 
 Stamp Office, died Jan. 
 13, 1739, aged 76, bu- 
 ried at St. George the 
 Martyr, in the county of 
 Middlesex. 
 
 2,JohnUTia!ley,=pJaDe, daiigh- 
 
 ofBLukbum, 
 born Nov. 17, 
 1700. 
 
 ter of John 
 Sudell, of 
 Blackburn. 
 
 I 
 
 3. James Whalley, 
 of Clerkhill, in 
 the county of 
 Lancaster, a 
 Bencher of the 
 MiddleTemple, 
 anno 1*70, died 
 Feb. 20, 1780, 
 unmarried. 
 
 Esther ,=pJohn Stai'key, 
 
 born 
 Aug.'24, 
 
 ofHeywood 
 Hall, in the 
 
 1790, 
 died 
 
 county of 
 Lancaster, 
 
 Nov. 1, 
 1784. 
 
 Esq. died 
 Marcli 13, 
 
 
 1-80, aged 
 65. 
 
 T i M M I i 
 
 Ellin, died Thomas, Robert Whalley, M. D. of:: 
 
 unniarried Joseph, Oriel College, Oxford, 
 
 Jan. 17, Esther, born at Blackburn, July 
 
 1788, Anne, 13, 1713, married at 
 
 buried at Elizabeth, Cowley, in said county, 
 
 Whalley. Mary, anno 1742, died April 
 
 alldiedun- 2. 1769, buried at Cow- 
 
 uiarried. ley. 
 
 John Kelynge, Knt, 
 son of the Lord Chief 
 Justice of the King's 
 Bench She died 
 Jan. 3, 1734, aged 
 
 TIT 
 
 Edward. 
 
 Ralph. 
 
 James. 
 
 Elizabeth. =John Robinson, 
 Rector or Vi- 
 car of Choi- 
 grove, in the 
 county of Ox- 
 ford. 
 
 Sebastian Smythe,: 
 
 born 
 
 died 
 
 buried at Cud- 
 desden, Dec. 6, 
 1752, aged 75. 
 
 :Hester, daughter Dorothy .:=James Slopes, 
 Rector of 
 Biightwell, 
 in the county 
 
 of Oxford. 
 
 He remarried, 
 
 and had 
 
 of. . .Lowndes, died 
 
 of . Nov. 25, 
 
 bornMarch26, 1733, 
 
 1680,baplized s. p. 
 
 at Chiswick, aged 64. 
 April U, fol- 
 low in tr. 
 
 L. 
 
 :Grace, daughter of Ber- 
 nard Gardiner, born 
 Oct. 6, 1716, died 
 Jan, 5, 1777j buried 
 with her husband. 
 
 Jane, born Sir William Gardiner,^: daugb- 
 
 May 5, 
 
 1713, 
 
 died July 9, 
 
 1719. 
 
 of Roche Court, ; 
 foresaid, Bart, born 
 
 died Oct. 
 
 20, 1779, buried at 
 Fareham, in the 
 county of Hants, 
 8. p. M. L 
 
 ter of 
 Cole, died 
 
 July 24, 
 1747,buried 
 at Fareham, 
 s. p. M. I. 
 
 I I 
 
 Brocas, 
 
 and 
 Barnard, 
 died s. p. 
 
 I 1 
 
 Frances.:^. . . Hook, Catherine,= 
 of Ports- 
 mouth. 
 
 :Edward Kay, Barbara Smythe, of Cuddes- 
 of Hatton den, in the county of Ox- 
 Garden, ford, only child, born . . . 
 
 died s.p died nnmanied, 
 
 Jan. 27, I7S7, aged about 
 75, buried at Cuddcsden. 
 
 Elizabctb.=Dr. Robert Master, 
 Rector ofCroston, 
 in the county of 
 Lancaster, grand- 
 60n of Sir Streyn- 
 chaiD Master, ori- 
 ginally from Der- 
 bys'hire, and of 
 Essex and Gkni- 
 ccster. 
 
 Anne.=^ames Brad- 
 
 shaw, of 
 
 Darcy Lever, 
 
 in the 
 
 county of 
 
 Lancaster, 
 
 s.p. 
 
 John, and 
 
 several 
 
 other 
 
 children, 
 
 died 
 
 infants. 
 
 James Starkey,^EIizabeth, second 
 daughter of 
 Edward Gregg 
 Hopwood, nf 
 Hopwood, in 
 the county of 
 Lancaster. 
 
 born Sept. S, 
 1762, mar- 
 ried at Mid- 
 dleton.inihe 
 county of 
 Lancaster, 
 Sept. 2, 
 1785. , 
 
 I. John Wballev, eldest son, boin at 
 St. Giles's. Oxford, May 26, 1743, 
 baptized there June 22, following, 
 
 created a Baronet 
 
 took the name and arms of Gar- 
 diner by sign manual, dated Nov. 
 11, 1779, pursuant to the request 
 of the late Sir William Gardiner, 
 Bart. 
 
 1 . Elizabeth, second; 
 daughter of Ri- 
 chard Ass he ton, of 
 Middleton, D D. 
 died Sept. 8, 
 1785, aged 24. 
 
 I 
 
 ;4. Sir James Whalley Gardiner, of=p2 daughter 
 
 Clerkhill, in the county of Lancas- of Robert Master, 
 ter,Bart.bornatSt,Giless,Oxford, D, D. Rector of 
 Oct. 1, 1748, of Maudlin College, Croston, Dec. 3, 
 Oxford, 1764. and of the Middle 1789. 
 
 Temple, London. Nov. 30, 1768, 
 married at Middleton, in the 
 county of Lancaster, Oct 29, 
 1784.'diedAug.21, 1805, buried 
 at Whalley. 
 
 Sir James \^'halley {only child), 
 born at Clerkhill, Sept. 2, 
 1785. 
 
 Robert Whalley, Esq. 
 born Oct. 7, 1790, 
 now seised of the 
 Lancashire estate. 
 
 Elizabeth, 
 
 burn 
 
 Jan. 20, 
 
 1792. 
 
 John, 
 born 
 
 Jan. 1, 
 1793. 
 
 Barbara, 
 born 
 
 Feb. 14, 
 1794. 
 
 1 
 
 G race, 
 born 
 
 MavU, 
 1795. 
 
 6. Thomas Wil- 
 liam Whalley, 
 born Sept. 2, 
 1754, unmar- 
 ried in 1787. 
 
 2. Barnard, 
 
 3. Robert, 
 5 Barnard, 
 Barbara, 
 all died un- 
 married. 
 
 CiraCf,=pSir William Henry Ash- 
 
 born 
 
 Aug. 
 
 2o, 
 
 175'^. 
 
 urbt, Knt. one of the 
 Judtces of the Court of 
 King's Bench, born 
 
 mai'ried April 
 
 . . 1772. 
 
 A daugh- 
 ter, died 
 an infant. 
 
 William, 
 born 
 
 July 29, 
 1796 
 
 Thonias, bcirn 
 
 Aug. IS, 1797, 
 
 died April 28, 
 
 ISOO. 
 
 Caroline, 
 born 
 
 Oct. 17. 
 1798. 
 
 1. William Heni-y 
 Athurst, eldest 
 sun, aged about 
 8, in 1787. 
 
 2. Henry John 3. James Henry 
 Ashuist, died Ashurst . 
 
 an infant. 
 
 I I 
 
 1 homas Henry Grace, only daughter, 
 .Ashurst. born in Spring Gar- 
 
 dens, Dec. 6, 1773, 
 living in 1*87. 
 
 -I 
 
 1
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 253 
 
 LITTLE MITTOX, HEXTHORN, COLDCOATS, 
 
 FORMING ONE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Little Mitton is situated near the confluence of the Ribble, the Hodder, and the Calder, 
 and nearly on the lowest point of ground within the parish. — The name refers to another 
 village on the opposite bank ; and both have been probably so denominated, qu. Midtovvn, 
 the town intersected by a river running through the midst of it. Of this hamlet and manor, 
 the memorials which I have met with are as follow: 1st, it was granted by charter of Robert 
 de Lacy, in the 3d of Henry L to Ralph le Rous, progenitor of the family who were after- 
 wards denominated from the place * : 2dly, appears as witness to a charter without date, but 
 probably, from circumstances, about the time of Richard L a Sir Ralphe de Little Mitton -|-; 
 and by another, and nearly contemporary deed, Roger, son of Henry de Whalley -j-, grants 
 one bovate of land in this place to Adam, son of Stephen de Little I\Iitton-|~. There occurs 
 also a William, son of Orme de Little Mitton -|~. 
 
 The next family which appears here is that of the Pontchardons, or de Ponte Cardonis, 
 as they are sometimes called, who bore Sable six plates, 3, 2, and I. Of these John 
 de Pontchardon had -J- 
 
 Richard=F Beatrice de Blackburne, who held lands in Billington, Wisvvall, and Blackburne. 
 
 r ^ 
 
 Lora de Pontchardon. 
 
 This Lora married Allan, son of Richard (who lived 1 6 Edw. L) and grandson of Allan, lord 
 of Cateral, near Garstang, to whom Richard de Pontchardon gave the manor of Little Mitton, 
 7th Edw. n.-|-. — Thus the Towniey MSS. : but errors are easily committed in transcribing 
 dates; and I suspect the real date of this transaction either to have been 7th Edw. L or 1st 
 Edw. H. ; for, in the Inq. post mort. Henry de Lacy, an. 4to of the latter reign, it was found that 
 this Alan de Catteral held one carucate of land in Little Mitton as the eighth part of a knight's 
 fee, for the render of lod. 
 
 But, to go on. — After a considerable interval appears Richard Catteral, 8th Edw. IV. -f- 
 who had Ralph Catteral, who in the 21st of the same reign leased the whole manor of 
 Little Mitton for the rent of ^.10 per ami. somewhat less, I believe, tlian a shilling per 
 acre ; so that the price of land was nearly trebled in about two centuries, when the average 
 rent was 4d. Ralph Catteral survived to the year I515, when he was interred in the Church of 
 Whalley. 
 
 His son or grandson was Thomas Catteral, who died Jan. I57S; who, though he had five 
 co-heiresses, by deed, dated 3d Elizabeth, granted the Manor, of Little Mitton to Robert 
 Sherburne, Esq. and Dorothy his wife, who was fourth daughter of Catteral. 
 
 * See Great Mcrlcy. t Towniey MSS. 
 
 ROBERT
 
 25+ HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 ROBERT SHERBURNE, 
 was brother to Sir Richarrl Sherburne, of Stonyhurat, and had issue by this marriage 
 
 Thomas Sherburne, esq.=pMargaret, daughter of Francis Tunstal, esq. of Aucliff. 
 
 p- , I , 1 1 1 1 
 
 rrancis, Robert Sherburne,=pKatharine, daughter of Richard Thomas. Richard. Matthew. Anne. Jane, 
 ob. s. p. esq. living 1651. j Latham, of Parbold, esq. 
 
 ,1 1 , r 1 
 
 1 hos. who iiad two wives, but no issue. Margaret. Elizabeth. Richard Sherburne, of^pFranees, daughter of Chins 
 Katliarine, his administratrix, deli- Weetlev and Salis- ^ 
 
 verod possession of Little Mitton bury, co. Lancaster, 
 
 (which appears to have been sold by heir to his brother. 
 
 Richard Sherburne) March 8, 1664. 
 
 topher Townlev, of Pa- 
 ti ic Brnnipton, com. Ebor. 
 younger son of John 
 Townley, of Townley, esq. 
 
 The purchaser was Alexander Holt, citizen, goldsmith, and alderman of London, who was 
 cousin, and, by will, dated in 1669, devisee of Thomas Posthumus Holt, esq. of Grislehurst, 
 though the connecting link is wanting in the descent of that ancient family. 
 
 Alexander Holt, living 1699 =pMarj-, daughter of Henry Gouldston, of London. 
 
 I 1 ' 
 
 Alexander, Robert Holt, of Little Mitton,=pDorothy, daughter and coheir of his 
 ob. s. p. esq. died before his father, j great uncle, Alexander Holt. 
 1 1 
 
 Alexander Holt, esq. of Little::^ Anne, daughter of Hulton, esq. of Hultou Park, relict of John Starkie, esq. 
 
 Mitton,sep.VVhaU. Feb. 18th, of Huntroyd ; sep. Whall. Aug. 1.5, 1699. — Qu. Whether Dorothy for Anne was 
 1713, set. 38. I executrix to her husband in 1715 ? 
 
 I J 
 
 William Holt, esq. of Little Mitton, sep.=pElizabeth, daughter of Thomas Whitaker, of Simonstone, 
 Whall. March, 1737. | gent. sep. Whall. April 6, 1733. 
 
 , , ^ 
 
 Anne, born Sept. 1 1, Thomas, born, bap- Elizabeth Holt, baptized=pRichard Beaumont, esq. of Whitley Beaumont, 
 1725, died unmar- tized, and interred, at Simonstone, Dec. 3, co. Ebor. possessed of Gristlehurst and Little 
 ried, at York. IS & 19 Dec. 1727. l/'JB, ob. Aug. 1791. Mitton, jure uxoris, the former of which he 
 
 sold born Jan. 1719, ob. Sept. 10, 1764. 
 
 Richard-Henry Beaumont, esq. F. S. A. Charles, Thomas, John Beaumont, esq. the pre-=pSarah, daughter of Hum- 
 phrey Butler, of Here- 
 fordshire. 
 
 born 3d March, 1749, unm. 1800, ob. 3. p. ob.s. p. sent owner of Whalley and 
 
 ob. Nov. 2'2d, ISIO. Little Mitton. 
 
 I I [ I ^ 
 
 Charles Beaumontj of Bazenose College, Oxford, LL.D. now deceased. Richard. Charlotte. Elizabeth. Sarah. 
 
 CATTERALL of Catterall, in Amunderness, 
 
 AND OF LITTLE MITTON. 
 
 Arms : Azure, 3 mascles Or. 
 
 Runus. = 
 
 I ' 
 
 Bcrnard.=p Hugh de Eland=p: 
 
 r -■ H 
 
 Robert.r^Suena. Jordan de Mitton Magna.=^ , daughter of H. de Eland. 
 
 I 1 I ^ , 
 
 Richard.^Assota. Richard.=p Hugh. 
 
 r ^ ^ 1 
 
 Richard de Caterall.=p Bernard. 
 
 1 
 
 Ralph de Caterall.=p 
 
 ^ n 
 
 r — n ^ ^ 
 
 Paulinus, 3 Edw. 1. Adam. Alan de Caterall, son and heir.=pLove, daughter and .... of Richard Punchardon, 
 
 de Little Mitton. 
 
 I 
 
 See next page.
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 255 
 
 Armsof Culceth of Culceth: Arg. 
 an eagle Sable sc. the swaddling 
 clothes of the child Purpure, 
 and the strings Or. 
 
 Alau de Caterall.=pLove, daughter and .... of Richard Punchardon. 
 Richard Caterall, of Caterall.==Isabelle. 
 
 Adam, son and hcir.=pKatherine. 
 I 
 
 Richard Caterall, of Caterall. ==Elizabeth. 
 
 Ralphe* Catterall,:^Elizabeth, daughter William. 
 
 ofCatterall.died 
 7 Henry VIII. 
 
 of John Butler, of 
 Rawcliffe. 
 
 1. William Tenii)est,=:Eliza-^2. Richard (or Nicolas), third son 
 of Broughtou. belh. of John Townley, of Townley, 
 
 and Elizabetli Slieil)urn, from 
 whom descended the 1 ownleys, 
 of Royle. 
 
 John Caterall.=pCatherine, daughter 
 of John Langley, 
 of Edge Croft. 
 
 I I I "T- 
 Grace. 
 
 Eleanor. 
 
 Agnes. 
 
 Alice. 
 
 ~r-\ — I 
 
 John. 
 Giles. 
 Richard. 
 
 — rn 
 
 Robert. 
 Ellis. 
 
 1. Sir John To\vnlev,=pAr)ne.=2. Sir William 
 
 of Townley, Knt. 
 his second wife. 
 
 Ralphe, 
 died 
 s. p. 
 
 Thomas Caterall,=pMargaret, daughter of 1. Henry Shut-= 
 of Caterall, and Nicholas Tempest, of tleworth, of 
 Little Mitton. Gradyl, buried at Hacking. 
 
 Coin, Jan. 10, IS Eli- 
 zabeth. 
 
 r 
 
 Rawtlitf'e, of 
 Hoop. 
 
 :Katherine.=2. William Hor-=^. Nicholas Bat- 
 ton, of Pendle- tersby, of Bat- 
 ton, tersby. 
 
 I 1, 2. I 1. 
 
 Anne.=Henry Thomas=Eliza-=:Sir John Marga-=Sir John Richard'' 
 
 Townley. Strick- heth. Atherton, ret. Atherton, Shirburn, 
 
 land, of of Ather- ofAther- of Stany- 
 
 Nainseck. ton, knt. ton, knt. hirst. 
 
 :Doro-=Richard 
 thy. Braddyl, 
 ofPort- 
 field. 
 John Whip. 
 
 I I 
 
 Mary=Richard Jane. 
 
 Grim^liaw, 
 
 of Clayton. 
 
 * Robert, in the Shiiburn Pedigree. 
 
 * Rafe Catherall, of Catherall, in com. Lane, armiger. married Elizabeth, daughter of James Butler, of Raucliffe, in 
 com. Lane, gener. and by her had issue John Catherall, his eldest sonne ; James, his 2d sonne ; William, his 3d sonne; 
 Thomas, his 4th sonne ; Giles, .5. sonne ; Richard, G. sonne ; EUys, 7. sonne ; and Robert, 8. sonne : and five daugh- 
 ters, viz. Isabel!, married to Thomas Colthorste, of Edsforth, in com. Ebor. gent. ; Margaret, married to Anthony 
 
 Talbott, of Houghton, in com. Ebor. gent. ; Grace, married to Novvell, of Reade, in com. Lane. gent. ; Anne, 
 
 married to Sir John Towneley, of Towneley, in com. Lane, knight ; another daughter, married to Malham, of 
 
 Bradley, in com. Ebor. gent. 
 
 John Catherall, sonne and heire to Rafe, married Katherine, daughter to John Langley, of Agecroft, in com. Lane, 
 armig. and by her hath issue Rafe Catlnall, that dyed sans issue, and Thomas, his 2d sonne and heire. 
 
 Thomas Catherall, of Little Mitton, in com. Lane, now liveing in anno 1.5C7, sonne and heiie to John Cathrall, 
 married Margaret, daughter to Nicholas de Tempest, of Baghall, in com. Ebor. gener. and by her hath issue 7 daugh- 
 ters ; viz. Anne, married to Henry Townley, of Baronshed, in com. Lane, gent.; Elizabeth; Katherin, married to 
 Thomas Strikeland, of Nainfer, in com. Westmoreland, gent.; Marg-aret, married Sir John Atherton, of Atherton, 
 in com. Lane. knt. ; Dorothy, mairied to Robert Shirbornef, student at Greys Innc, in London ; Mary, married to 
 John Grimshawe, of Clayton, in com. Lane. gent. ; and Jane. 
 
 The said Catherall beareth Azure, 3 mascles Or, voyded ; and to his Crest, upon the helme on a wreath Or and Azure, 
 a grey catt {lassant gardant : mantled Azure, dublcd Argent. Mr. Beaumont s MSS. 
 
 f Mr. Sbirbornt's heires crjoye the s.iiil manor of Catlirall and Mitton. 
 
 Pedigree
 
 256 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 Pedigree of Shutti.eworth. 
 
 John Shuttleworth, younger son- 
 of Richard Shuttleworth, oF 
 Gawkthorp. 
 
 ^Elizabeth, daughter of Robert 
 Shirburn, of Little Mitton. 
 
 I 
 
 Fleetwood. 
 
 Catherine. 
 
 — I 
 
 John. 
 
 1 
 
 Richard. 
 
 Pedigree of Shirburn. 
 
 Robert Shirburn, third son of Thomas=pDorothy, daughter and co-heiress 
 
 Shirburn, of Stoneyhirst, and brother of Thomas Cateral, of Caterall 
 
 to Sir Richard, Reader of Gray's Inn, and Little Mitton. 
 
 9 Elizabeth. | 
 
 I 
 
 1. Margaret ,=] 
 
 =Thomas Shirburn.=^. Isabel, daughter 
 
 Robert Shirburn, 
 
 Jane.=Richard, son and heir of 
 
 daughter of 
 
 of ... . Banister, 
 
 s. p. at Mitton. 
 
 John Greenacres, of 
 
 Richard. 
 
 of Clapham. 
 
 
 Worston. 
 
 Robert Shirburn.=pCatherine. Dorothy. Thomas 
 
 Matthew. Ann. Jane.=Daniel Smithson, of Bur- 
 
 1 Richard 
 
 Titus. 
 
 rough Bridge, in the 
 
 r 
 1. Jane,=Th 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 county of York. 
 
 omas=:2. Catharine, Robert,=Frances, 
 
 Ill 1 
 Mary. Iilizabeth.= 
 
 1 1 
 =John Shuttle- Katha-=ThoniasKing, 
 
 daughter Shirburn. daughter died daughter 
 
 Mary. 
 
 worth, fourth rine. ofEckshaw. 
 
 of Judge of Edward 1665. of Chris- 
 
 Doro- 
 
 son of Richard Frances. =:George Har- 
 
 Reeves, of Jones. topher 
 
 thy. 
 
 Shultlewoith, rison, of 
 
 Thwait. 
 
 Townley. 
 
 
 of Gawkthorp. Lancaster. 
 
 The present house of Little Mitton is a fine specimen of the style of domestic archi- 
 tecture which prevailed in the reign of Henry VII. and the beginning of that of his son. 
 It was most probably the work of Ralph Caterall. The basement story is of stone, and 
 part of the upper story of wood ; the pasterns, however, descending perpendicularly to the 
 o^round, and resting on pedestals of stone. The hall, with its embayed window, screen 
 and gallery over it, is one of the finest Gothic rooms I have ever seen in a private house ; 
 the roof is ceiled with oak in wrought compartments; the principals turned in the form 
 of obtuse Gothic arches ; the pasterns deeply fluted ; their capitals, where they receive 
 the principals, enriched with carving; the walls covered with wainscoat, and the bay window 
 adorned with armorial bearings in painted glass. Besides the royal arms, quarterly France 
 and England, here is the following shield, the bearings of which I am unable to appro- 
 priate, as they belong neither to Catteral nor Sherburne : 1st, a cross engrailed within a bor- 
 dure engrailed Sable ; 2d, a squirrel proper Or ; 3d, an eagle Sable and a child Or ; 4th, as 
 the first. The present porch is of later date, the original entrance having been within the 
 screen. The screen itself is extremely rich, but evidently of a more modern style than the 
 rest of the woodwork. Upon the pannels of it are carved, in pretty bold relief, ten heads, 
 male and female, within medallions, which have a rude kind of character, and were evidently 
 intended for portraits. Annexed to these are the following cyphers, in a character belonging 
 to the reign of Edward VI. with which the pattern of the wainscoat exactly synchronizes, 
 I). H. TH TH. Now these can have no reference to the Catterals, who were owners of the 
 house at the period to which I have assigned the screen ; and I can frame no other hypothesis 
 concerning tliem, than that tiiey belong to the Holts of Grislehurst, and have been brought 
 from thence in the last century, as the owners of that estate in the reign of Edward VI. were 
 Sir Thomas Holt and Dorothy his wife, with whom these three cyphers exactly accord. I 
 
 cannot
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 257 
 
 cannot take leave of this venerable room without a wish that it may never fall into hands who 
 have less respect for it than was felt by its late owner ; and that no painter's brush or carpenter's 
 hammer may ever come near it, excepting to arrest the progress of otherwise inevitable decay. 
 
 In the back yard is a stone coffin, intended for the reception of a very slender body, and 
 said to have been dug up in the garden ; a probable proof that, like many other manor-houses, 
 it had anciently a chapel. 
 
 The situation of Little Mitton, is a remarkable instance of the predilection of our ancestors 
 for a southern aspect ; to attain which, they have turned the front of the house against a marsh 
 overgrown with alders, and have neglected one of the most delicious landscapes in Kibblesdale, 
 which opens to the North and West. 
 
 HENTHORN, 
 
 A small hamlet on the bank of the Ribble, contiguous to Little Mitton on the North, of 
 which I rind little to relate, but that it afforded a name and residence to a Jordan de Henthorn, 
 as appears by deeds *an* date. By Inquisition /?o*^ moj-^ew Henry de Lacy, A.D. I31I, it was 
 found that Henry de Henthorn held here half a carucate in thanage for the rent of ^.1, and, 
 at a much later period, was the property of a branch from High Whitaker, of which I have 
 compiled the following descent from Inquisitions. 
 
 James Whitaker, of Henthorn,=p 
 
 24 Hcnrv VII. | 
 
 I '^ ^ 
 
 Henry VVliitaker, James Whitaker, Clerk, found=p 
 
 22 Henry VHI. next of kin to James *. | 
 
 r ^ 
 
 Nicholas Whitaker, Gent.=^ 
 
 (> Edward VI. | 
 
 r -" 
 
 John Whitaker, ap;ed 18, 6 Edward VI.=p 
 
 died 27 Ehzabeth. | 
 
 r -■ 
 
 .Tames Whitaker, aged 12 at the time 
 of his father's death. 
 
 COLDCOATS. 
 
 A manor and hamlet on the skirts of Pendle, between Wiswall and Pendleton, and anciently 
 attached to the latter. 
 
 Roger dc Lacy, by charter sans date, granted to Geoffry, son of Robert, dean of Whalley, 
 four oxgangs of land in Coldcoats, " pro furfin-e leporariorum suorum," and by the same charter, 
 two oxgangs of land in " Tunleia pro quadam mansione quando venari voluerit." These pre- 
 misses were alienated from the church as a provision for a brother by Roger the last dean, im- 
 mediately, as appears, before his resignation of that preferment. Coldcoats was, however, 
 
 * " Proximus consanguineus," in inquibitions, is often used of sons. I was once led into a material error by not 
 having attended to this peculiarity. 
 
 2 L granted
 
 258 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 granted out once more by the Townley's or Delalegh's, with a reservation of the mantrial 
 rights, for in 1363, Richard de Coldcoats grants to the abbey and convent of Whalley, all his 
 lands in Coldcoats, in villa de Magna Pendleton, and this charter is accompanied with a licence 
 of alienation from Gilbert de la Legh, as chief lord, the lands being holden of him in capite. 
 Thus it became the patrimony of the church again. 
 
 After the dissolution, I have not found to whom this estate was granted out, only there ap- 
 pears an Anthony Watson, of Coldcoats, about the end of Henry VIII. but in the beginning 
 of the last century it was the property and residence of the Walmsleys, a branch of the 
 family of Stowley, who subsisted here to the middle of the present century, when it was pur- 
 chased by Peirce Starkie, of Huntroyd, esq. in whose representative it still continues. 
 
 GREAT PENDLETON *, 
 
 So called from the mountain upon the Northern skirts of which it stands. " Habebat," says 
 Domesday-Book, " Rex Edvvardus, Peniltune de diniidia Hida." This manor was never 
 alienated by the Lacies, as appears from the Inquisition after the death of the last earl of Lin- 
 coln, under whom, with the exception of a single cottage, the whole of Pendleton was held 
 either in bondage (the ancient copyhold tenure) or at will. 
 
 Penelton 16 bov. in bondage _ _ _ _ _ 
 
 Wm.Owerderey-|-, for 6'0 acres, approved from the wastes 
 Ric. de Riding, for 20 acres at will _ _ _ . 
 Divers tenants, for 12 acres at will _ _ _ - 
 Hen. de Blackburn, pro quadam casa in feudo 
 
 ^.6 17 5 
 
 At what subsequent period this manor was granted out does not appear, but in 10 Henry V. 
 ©r 1422, Sir Henry Hoghton, second son of Sir Adam de Hochton (the genuine orthography 
 of that ancient name), levied a fine of the manor of Pendleton. Notwithstanding this, it has, 
 by some means or other, reverted to the lords paramount ; and with Worston and Chadburn, 
 has a court periodically htld by the stewards. 
 
 * Little Pendleton is within the Chapelry of Clitheroe. 
 t Qu. whether a corruption of Wm. de Owerderwen ? 
 
 ^. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Pedigree
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 259 
 
 Pedigree of Hoghton, 
 
 Sir Henry Hoghton.=pJane, daugliter and heir of Richard Ratcliffc, Esq. 
 by Sibil, daughter of Sir Robert de tlitiieroe, 
 which Sibil liad three husbands, Ist, KicliarJ 
 Ratcliff; ^d. Sir Richard Mauleverer; 3d, Sir 
 William Fidthorj), a Judge, attainted and exe- 
 cuted for high UeasOH 
 
 Richard Hoghton, who held Leagram Park,: 
 near Chepin, 4 Henry VI. 
 
 ;Agnes, daughter Miles Hoghton. 
 
 of 
 
 Henry Hoghton, of Pendleton,=pKath:uine, daughter 
 living 31 Henry VI. | of 
 
 ' 1 
 
 1. Grace, daughter of Richard Banks.^VVilliain Hoghton.: 
 
 died without issue. 
 
 Miles Hoghton. 
 
 2d. Elizabeth, daughter 
 of 
 
 John Hoghton.:^Katharine, daughter of Ralph Catteral, of Little 
 Mitton, esq. widow of Mr. Henry Shuttle- 
 worth, of Hacking. 
 
 George Hoghton.=pJohanna, daughter of Mr. 
 Henry Bannister, of 
 Greenfield, near Colne. 
 
 , n -r 1 r— J 
 
 Roger Hoghton,=pElizabeth,daugh- i\le\ander. Henry Hoghton.=^Jane. Grace. EUen.^Thomas, natural son of Sir 
 
 living /Henrv 
 VI II. 
 
 ter of William died s. p. 
 Lister, of Mid- 
 hope, esq. 
 
 John Townky, of Town- 
 Jey, from whom she was 
 divorced. He married, 
 2dly, Lucy, daughter of 
 Laurence Townley, of 
 Barnside. 
 
 j_ 
 
 William Hoghton,=Margaret, natural daughter of Sir 
 living "28 Henry John Townley, of Townley. 
 VIII. died with- She married, 2dly, Mr. Laurence 
 out issue. Habergham, of Habergham. 
 
 I r 
 
 John Hoghton .=^.Agnes, daughter George. 
 
 of Mr. Ashmole. 
 
 n 
 Robert, of 
 
 Extwisle, 
 
 near 
 
 Burnley. 
 
 1. Mr. Singleton,^Mary Hoghton.=^. Mr. Livesey Connor, 
 of Staining, 4 James I. 
 
 43 Elizabeth. 
 
 Katharine Hoghton.:^Thomas, third brother of 
 Sir Richard Hoghton, of 
 Hoghton, Bart. 
 
 I 
 
 Christiana.: 
 
 =Mr. Thomas 
 \\'oolfaU. 
 
 Anne.= 
 
 =Mr. Svmon 
 Blaliev. 
 
 1 
 
 Jane.=Mr. John Behn. 
 
 Katharine.=Mr. John Whiteside. 
 
 All which parties sold the estate to Savile Radclifife, of Todmorden, and Great Mearley, esq. in which family it 
 seems to have continued till the death of his grandson Joshua Ratcliffe. 
 
 iriSWALL, 
 
 A township immediately contiguous to Whalley on the North. 
 
 The true etymology of this word is probably Fijafpealla, from Fija Heros, Semideus, 
 which is also a proper name, and Ve?i\\afons, the well or spring of Wiga. Thus Begastown 
 is melted down into Beeston *, a process of which many other instances might be adduced in 
 the formation of local names. 
 
 The first instance in which the name of this village occurs is in a charter sans date, but 
 about the reign of Richard I. which is attested by Swaine, son of Leofu ine, and Henry, son of 
 Swaine de Wiswall, an instance of the old Saxon patronymic, and ihe local appellation, which 
 are not unfrequently found together in charters of this period. 
 
 By the Inquisition of I311, after the death of the last Lacy, earl of Lincoln, it was found 
 that Robert tie Sherburne, Dom. Hen. de Lee, and Thomas Arden, licld two carucates of land 
 
 * But see Thoresby"s Due, Leod. p. 268. 
 
 m
 
 260 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book TV —Chap. I. 
 
 in Wiswall by the fourth part of a knight's fee, for the render of 1*. 4d. The smalhiess of this 
 sum proves the manor to have been granted out at a very early period: so early, indeed, that 
 no record is now to be found of such a transaction. 
 
 Again, by Inquisition after the death of Henry duke of Lancaster, 35 Edward III. it was 
 found that the abbot of Whalley, Richard Sherburne, and Gilbert de la Legh, held the fourth 
 part of a knight's fee in Wiswall and Hapton, for the render of xxv*. 
 
 These changes, and som.e others in the state of property here, may be accounted for by the 
 following senealooical table, and the observations which I shall annex to it. 
 
 Next, after Swain de Wiswall, mentioned above, appears a John de Blackburn de Wiswall, 
 whom I suspect to have married the daughter of Swain : he had a son, 
 
 Sir Adam de Blackburn, =p 
 
 smnetinies writing him- 
 self Dns. .Adara Mdes 
 de Wiswall. 
 
 I J 
 
 John de BIackbuin=plVIargaret, daughter of 
 de Wiswall | Sir Roger de Holland. 
 
 Alice.::=Richard de Sherburne. Agnes, unmarried, who devised her third Johan.=p de Arderne. 
 
 part of the manor to the Sherburnes, | 
 
 r-" 
 Sir John de Arderne, who 
 gave his third part to 
 the Abbot and Convent 
 of Whalley. 
 
 By Inquisition taken before Godfrey Foljambe Steward, anno 3S Edward III. it was found 
 that Richard de Sherburne, knight, had free chace appertaining to his manor of Wiswall ; and 
 in his descendant Edward Weld, P^sq. of Lulworth Castle, Dorsftshire, it still continues. 
 
 At a period somewhat later, Wiswall-hall was the property and residence of the Paslews, 
 who bore Argent a fess between three mullets Sable pierced of the field, a crescent for dif- 
 ference. These arms are still over the door of the house, and they accord exactly with those 
 of Paslew, abbot of Whalley, formerly in the windows of the abbey, and now in my posses- 
 sion. From this circumstance I conclude, without hesitation, that he belonged to this family. 
 In ascertaining the parentage of the monks we must almost always be content with circum- 
 stantial evidence, as they were persons dead in law, and therefore never occur in Inquisitions 
 or other legal transactions, excepting in connection with the monastery to which they belonged. 
 But the catalogue of those who belonged to this house shews that they were generally natives of 
 the vicinity, and often, it is probable, sons of the principal tenants of the abbey ; and, in the 
 present instance, the identity of armorial bearings, even to the difference, nearly removes all 
 doubt upon the subject. Tradition, indeed, is silent; but the family perhaps were not forward 
 to record their alliance with a man, however dignified, whose intemperate zeal brought destruc- 
 tion upon himself and upon his house. 
 
 Of
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 26i 
 
 Of tliis family, I find 
 
 Francis Paslew, of Wiswall,=p 
 
 Gent, whom I sii|)pose to 
 have been llie abbot's fa- 
 ther, 10 Heury V. 
 
 r 
 
 Pasle\v.=p. 
 I 
 
 Fiancis P:«lew,= John Pasle\v.=F 
 
 3 Edward VI. 
 
 -J 
 
 J- 
 
 Thomas Paslew,=pAlice. John Paslew. 
 
 ob. 156J. I 
 
 I ' 
 
 Fiancis Paslew,:^Margaret, daughter 
 lOTptizod 15.59, ot John Slater, of 
 died 1G41. Billiiiirton. 
 1 1 ^ 
 
 .^gnes, baptized 157C, Elizabeth, bap- Jennet, baptized 1580, Alice, baptized l583,=Richard Townley, 
 
 died an infant. tized 15*8. died an infant. died without issue. of Barnside, e^q. 
 
 I suppose Elizabeth the second sister, who survived the rest, to have married a Thomlinson, 
 for I find in the parish register, baptized 17OI, Paslew, daughter of Thurstan Thomlinson, of 
 Wiswall-hall, which is the last vestige of a name, to which the parish once looked up with 
 reverence. 
 
 The word Paslew was of Norman origin (Pass-le-eau) and afforded a subject for some 
 rhyming monkish verses, not devoid of ingenuity, which the curious reader may find in 
 Weever's Funeral Monuments, p. 645. 
 
 From an old perambulation of this township, dated 1st Edward III. it appears that one of 
 the meres, or landmarks, was called leppe-hnave Grave, from one leppe, as saith the record, 
 Mfust decolle come laron. This is a very curious circumstance, and deserves to be investi- 
 gated, leppe IS a monosyllabic Saxon name; and I should, for that reason, be inclined to 
 assign this circumstance to a period anterior to the Conquest, could I find that decollation, for 
 theft or robbery, was ever practised at that early period. But the Saxon laws, generally sparing 
 of life, allowed of two subordinate punishments ; banishment, and a pecuniary fine for this 
 offence — and, even when death was the sentence, seem to have prescribed no specific mode of 
 execution. In case of the furtutn manifestum, say the laws of Withred. — (Leg. Sax. Ed. Wilk. 
 p. 12), Hip man p pijne man aer haebbenbjie hanba jepo. Jiaenne peld |"e Cyninj^ Sj\eo]?a 
 anep. oSSe hyne man cpelle, oSSe opep j-ae j^elle, oSSe hyne hij~ pepjelbe alepe. 
 
 Notwithstanding this latitude of punishment. Earl Waltheof, we are told, was the first 
 person in England upon whom the sentence of decapitation was performed, A.D. IO75, Anglo- 
 rum omnium primus quod sciam capite mulctatus *. — By which we are not to understand cajiital 
 punishment in general. 
 
 This appears, therefore, to have been a French punishment, and was probably engrafted 
 by the great Norman lords on the Outfangtheof and Infangtheof, already established in the 
 manors of which they took possession ; and it seems, as in the neighbouring jurisdiction of 
 Halifax, to have been peculiarly applied to the case of fiirfum mani/esfiim. We find, more- 
 over, from a MS. quoted by Mr. Watson (History of Halif\ix, p. 227), that the right of beheading 
 thieves, &c. apprehended in the fact, appertained to the earls of Chester, and that it was 
 
 * Townley MSS. 
 
 peculiarly
 
 262 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 peculiarly denominated the Cheshire custom. Hence, therefore, it may be conjectured, that 
 it was imported hither by the Halton branch of the Lacies, u])on their succeeding to the fee 
 of Clitheroe, and that this knave fell a victim (perhaps the only one, certainly the only one 
 upon record amongst us), to that most humane, though now most detested mode of execution. 
 The name of the man can scarcely be opposed with much plausibility to this conjecture, as 
 Saxon names are known to have continued, especially in the lower ranks, to a period far beneath 
 the Conquest. 
 
 In a grant of lands, in this township, to John Braddyll, late belonging to the Abbey of 
 Whalley, I meet with a payment called Le IVorhes Silver. This was plainly a continuation 
 of the old rent-charge of the inq. of 1311, pro operibus remissis, as that was a commutation 
 for socage services in kind. 
 
 '•»" 
 
 REJD. 
 
 Separated from the township of Whalley, by the deep gully of Sabden, is the manor of 
 Read, held of the honor of Clitheroe, not, as in most other instances, by military service, but in 
 thanage, a tenure which has already been explained. The first orthography of the word was 
 Ileveclit, then Ileved*, of which I have met with one instance as late as the year I467. 
 Were there any thing in the situation of the place to justify such an etymology, I should suppose 
 it to have been Rieheveb-}-, or Riverhead ; but, as that is not the case, it must be left open 
 to future and hapjjier conjectures. 
 
 The number of persons apparently contemporary, who used the local name of Read, during 
 the period of our earliest charters, proves the township to have been divided into many small 
 and independent properties. In those charters a])pear Henry de Reved, Sewel de Reved, and 
 Hugh his son ; Henry, son of John de Reved ; John, son of Simon; John, son of Henry ; and 
 Alexander, son of Henry ; all calling themselves of Reved. For the same reason, I strongly 
 suspect the manor never to have been granted out in form, but to have arisen out of connivance 
 and usurpation, when the principal property became concentered in the family dc Clough, as 
 the first mention of such a circumstance is contained in a charter dated 1342, in which John, 
 son of Adam de Clough, grants to John de Topcliffe, vicar of Whalley, and Adam de Gristhwait, 
 vicar of Blackburn (who, in their day, were uniformly trustees for the abbey), the tenth part 
 of the manor of Reved. 
 
 Moreover, GeofFry, dean of Whalley, granted to one " Elias, his servant, all his demesne 
 " lands lying on the East side of the way to Wiswall apud Revecht, with the new essart, and 
 " all the land which he can essart from the aforesaid way in Garocloghes." He is said also 
 to have given to one Lucas Citharista, the harper or minstrel, seven and a half acres in 
 Revecht : both these grants were resumed by Peter de Cestria;};. 
 
 I have little doubt but that this Lucas and Elias were the same person, and that either the 
 original charter, from which abbot Lindley, the excellent compiler of this Compendium, tran- 
 scribed, was become obscure, or that injustice had been done to him by some later copier: for, 
 
 * In the Status de Blackburnshire it is spelt Revard, by an error of the transcriber. 
 
 t This is actually the orthography of the woril, in (he visitation of the Abbey of Whalley by the Abbots of Furnese 
 and Salley, after the election of Abbot Whalley ; and thus my conjecture is confirmed. 
 + Status de Blackburnshire. 
 
 in
 
 Book IV.— Ciup. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 263 
 
 in the charters which I have consulted, a person is expressly referred to called Ellas Citharista 
 de Reved, also Elias de Stanlaw, and, lastly, Elias de Reved ; and the probability is, that this 
 man was a minstrel sent by the abbey of Stanlaw for the amusement of dean GeoflTry, who 
 rewarded him in this liberal manner for his powers of entertainment. But he made other 
 acquisitions here; for, by charter sans date, Alex, de Reved, John son of Symon de Reved, and 
 Alex, son of Alan of the same, grant to Elias Citharista all their lands in Reved. These last, 
 I apprehend, were the demesnes of Head Hall, for the lands granted by dean Geoflry were 
 resumed fvid. supra) by Peter de Cestria ; and by a subsequent charter, Adam, son of Elias de 
 Stanlaw, grants to Adam del Clogh, and Alice his wife, all his tciiements in Reved. Adam del 
 Clogh had Richard, who had John, whose daughter and heiress, Johanna, married Sir Richard- 
 de Greenacres, who in 37th of Ed. III. gave a moiety of the manor of Read to Laurence Nowell, 
 in exchange for the manor of Great Mearley {vide Merlay). 
 
 Such was the first settlement, at Read, of a very flourishing family, who continued in pos- 
 session of the seat which they had thus acquired, for the period of 40g years. 
 
 For the earlier descents of the Nowells, while they were seised of that manor, vide 
 Merlay Magna. From the time when they became possessed of Read, their pedigree is as 
 here annexed. 
 
 After the death of the last possessor, the manor of Read, though settled bj' act of parlia- 
 ment upon the male line, was sold in Chancery, for the payment of debts, to J. Hilton, esq. 
 and in 1799 was again disposed of to James Taylor, esq. and measures, in Lancashire acres, 
 862a. 3r. 14P. or, in statute acres, 1397A. 2r. 22p. — Here is still held a court-baron. 
 
 By inquisition after the death of Henry de Lacy, A.D. I3II, it was found that there were in 
 Reved certain tenants in thanage, holding lands for the following renders ; viz. 
 
 John del Holt, for 1 oxgang — — 
 
 John (son of Simon), for l4 oxgangs — 
 The same, for a place called Aisingland — 
 Adam de Clough (hall demesne) 3|- oxgangs - 
 
 William, son of Henry de Clyderhow, 1 oxgang in 
 thanage — — — — 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 il. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 11 11 
 
 The whole township, we see, at this period, fell rather short of a carucate of land, which 
 is something less than the average proportion of townships, as anciently described, through the 
 hundred. The great encrease of the present measure must, of course, have been produced 
 by subsequent enclosures. It is probable that the whole of the township, above the highway 
 to Whalley, at that time lay in common. 
 
 Read Hall was an extremely convenient and handsome old house, till the late unfortunate 
 owner almost ruined it and his fortune together, in expensive and ill-judged alterations. The 
 domestic chapel, in particular, a striking symptom, it may be said, of the decay of domestic 
 piety, was converted into a drawing-room; and in this very apartment, raw, half finished, 
 
 and
 
 26+ HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I 
 
 and almost unfurnished, it was observed, by the superstitious, that he drew his last breath 
 in 1772. 
 
 To return: — In 1480, Roger Nowell founded a chantry at the altar of St. Peter, in the 
 church of All Saints, Wakefield*, which I mention principally on account of a peculiarity in 
 the licence of Mortmain, granted by Edward IV. enjoining the chantry priest to pray " pro 
 " salubri statu suo, et pro aia prajdilectissimi in Christo patris ct Dni nostri Ricardi nuper ducis 
 " Ebor. et omn. fid. def." — It was usual, in mortmains, for the grantor to stipulate for a portion 
 of spiritual benefits on the behalf of himself and his friends; but there can be no doubt, in this 
 instance, that the pointed and affectionate mention of Richard duke of York was suggested by a 
 recollection of Wakefield, where he lost his life twenty years before, and where a beautiful 
 chapel was erected for the same purpose. 
 
 The Nowells gradually appropriated the whole township, excepting one estate, which conti- 
 nued in the Holkers, a family of substantial yeomanry, down to our own times, from the year 
 1409, when Richard Holker, a Cheshire man, married Katherine, daughter of John del Holt 
 of Read -j~. 
 
 This John del Holt, or his ancestor of the same name, granted licence to the abbot and 
 convent of Whalley to dig for stone for the building of the abbey in ^"asto de Read, 
 27 Edw. Ill.f 
 
 About twenty years ago were found, in this township, several brass instruments of the 
 kind which antiquaries have agreed to term Celts. These were from nine to twelve inches 
 long, had a broad and narrow end, both edged alike, but had neither loops, grooves, or any 
 contrivance, by which they could be fixed in a shaft, or indeed applied to any known use. One 
 of them fell into the hands of the late Rev. Dr. Milles, President of the Society of Antiquaries ; 
 another was obtained by Charles Towneley, esq. ; and a third, by much the worst specimen, is 
 in my possession. 
 
 By Inquisition, held in consequence of a writ of ad quod damnum, previous to the granting 
 of a licentla imparcandi to John Nowell, of Read, esq. 18 Henry VII. it appeared, that in 
 enclosing his park at Read, "no hamlet, church, or chapel, had been laid down-|-. Parks 
 were diminutive forests; and the same propensity which prompted an arbitrary sovereign to 
 afforest a county, might, without these humane precautions, have tempted " the little tyrant of 
 •' his fields" to lay waste a village, or to desecrate a chapel. 
 
 In the loth Henry VIII. John Nowell, of Reved, esq. " pro devotione ad ecclesiam paro- 
 " chialem omnium sanctorum de Whalley, et ecclesiam sancti Petri de Brunley," vests in Sir 
 John Townley, knt. a rent-charge of 13,^. 4f/. issuing out of certain lands in Reved, in order to 
 endow a chantry in each church, to pray for the soul of the said John, his parents, &c.;{: 
 But this seems not to have taken eflfect. 
 
 By deed sans date but in the time of Robert de Heppal, senescal, Henry de Holt grants to 
 the abbey of Stanlaw ground on v. hich to erect a tithe-barn in Reved j^. 
 
 * The Nowells had considerable estates in the parish of Wakefield till the beginning of this century. 
 \ Townley MSS. + Asshcton MSS. 
 
 sIMO^STO^E,
 
 NO TV ELL, of READ. 
 
 [To face p. ■264. 
 
 John Towneley, Esq. 
 
 Isabel.=:Geoffry Winkley, 
 of \Vinklev. 
 
 , 'T 
 
 Roger Nowell.=pGrace. Richaid Towneley, Knt.=p. 
 
 Sir John Towneley, Knt.: 
 
 . Douce, or Dowsaladiffe, Esq.of Todmorden, in Lancashire, 
 Robert Hesketh, 5„n; Sir George Radcliffe, Knt. Samuel 
 Married in 1486. ^ D.D. Principal of Brasen Nose, &c. 
 
 1. John Nowell.:=Elizabeth Kay .=2. Charles Towneley. 
 
 1. Elizabeth, daught«iaude.^William Deane, 
 cholas Rishton, fr( | of Tanworth, 
 
 was divorced 16 H^ Gent. 
 
 I \ 1 ' , 
 
 Roger Nowell,=pFlorj,\v of Henry 
 died May 9, H 
 1591. \i of Gosfield, 
 
 Elizabeth, married= 
 in 1530. 
 
 =Mr. Thomas \\liitaker, 
 of Holme. 
 
 lsabella.=pMr. John VVolion, 
 of Whalloy. 
 
 J 
 
 Roger Nowell, Esq. I 
 
 1. Elizabeth, daugh fohn, bap-=Mary Proc- 
 Thomas Fleetwood ized March tor, of Bol- 
 ofColdwich, intheciG, 1589. ling. 
 
 of Stafford. ^ 
 
 Roger Nowell, Esq. 
 March 13, 1605, 
 Whalley, May 25, 
 
 1. Margaret, daughteiry, bajjtized Oct 
 
 of Werden ; marrie 
 
 issue, buiied at WlJuly 8, 1637. 
 
 . Jane, daughter of [ay 
 Married Jan. 3 Ij Ijjut 
 13, following. 
 
 Marj-, daughter: 
 of SirJn.Legaid, 
 Bart, of Ganton, 
 York. 
 
 ti: 
 at 
 le 
 
 Robert VVhitaker, 
 from whom the 
 present family. 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 Richard, died 
 
 without 
 
 issue. 
 
 William, D. D. 
 
 born in 1547, 
 
 died 1595. 
 
 John Wolton, Bishop of Exe- 
 ter, and Warden of Man- 
 chester, boi-n at Whalley. 
 
 ;o. 
 
 John, baptized at Whalley, Feb. 15, 1571, died without issue. 
 
 Alexander, bap- 
 tized July 31, 
 1591, buried 
 May 14, 1595. 
 
 Isabella, bap- 
 tized Feb. 
 IS, \o9% 
 
 1 
 
 Alexander, 
 baptized 
 Feb. 27, 
 1594. 
 
 Robert, bap- 
 tized June 
 24, 1596. 
 
 Catharine, 
 baptized 
 July 15, ■ 
 1600. 
 
 ^e, baptized Oct. 19, 
 t?0, died in Ireland, 
 ina; issue. 
 
 Ralph, born Dec. 
 26, 1621. 
 
 Henry, Deputy Governor 
 of the Isle of Man, bap- 
 tized Jan. 1, 1623. 
 
 Penelope, buried at 
 Whalley, Maich 
 12, 1622. 
 
 6, 1635, buried 
 
 Robert, baptized 
 Dec. 12, 1637. 
 
 James, baptized Mary, baptizcd=Nathanicl Banister, Esq. 
 Jan. 3, 1639. June 5, 1641. of Altham. 
 
 Alexander, baptized May 11,= 
 16S2, buried at Burnley, 
 March 16, 1747- 
 
 :Mary, daughter of Richard Assheton, 
 Esq. of Cuerdale, buried at Burnley, 
 May 3, 1746. 
 
 Bridget.=Thonias Sher- 
 son, Esq. Bar- 
 rister at Law. 
 
 I r-T— 1 
 
 :Ko^lexander.=p Richard, James, 
 
 Thomas, all died 
 without male 
 
 Roger .=p, 
 
 Ralph Nowell, Esq.^^Sarah, daughter of 
 
 of Eccleston, in 
 Lancashire, died 
 May, 1780. 
 
 Rebecca.=RtT. John 
 Cayley, of 
 Low Hall, 
 Brouipton 
 
 k 
 
 ThomasWhitaker, of 
 Holme, Gent, died at 
 Preston, buried at 
 Holme, April3,1793. 
 
 nomas Mi-: 
 chael, M. D. 
 bornSept.29, 
 
 1760, died 
 Aug. 8, 1807. 
 
 George Allanson, 
 Rector of Martou. 
 
 r 
 
 Reginald Heber, A.M. 
 of" Palestine," I 
 
 ait 
 
 * The grant of a 
 Noell et Rogero fratix 
 of an ancient charier 
 moration for tlie souls 
 
 f Chace;i dc 
 Sapiden et Pcnclton 
 
 { Waid^hip of 
 Towneley, 12 Henry ) 
 
 :.\nne West, 
 daughter of 
 .... West, 
 Elsq. merch. 
 in London. 
 
 Alexander Xowcll,= 
 Esq. late of Tir- 
 hoot, in Bengal, 
 born Nov. 19, 
 1761, no issue. 
 
 :Maria Teresa, wi- 
 dow of Colonel 
 Watson, Chief 
 Engineer to the 
 E. India Comp. 
 
 T 
 
 J 
 
 Richard, a Soli-=Isabella Anne, 
 
 citor, in Essex 
 
 Street, London, 
 
 born Dec. 29, 
 
 1764, s. p. 
 
 dau.oftheRer. 
 ArthurCoham, 
 A.M. Archdea- 
 con of \Vilts. 
 
 Alexander John, died at Palermo, 
 Oct. 1814. 
 
 Read. Her fortune 100 marks, 
 he faniilv, when married before their father's decease, usually resided at Marton. 
 j tie, and Town Clerk of Lancaster, died Nov. 21, 1/37, leaving a numerous jssue 
 ,v (1809) of Bridge House, Surrey, has also a numerous progeny 
 Blacfmd has issue. 
 
 \i;e oldest sons, appear to have been born and baptized at Manchester, where their father resided as a 
 
 His son Robert 
 Edward Robson, M. \. Vicar of
 
 Adam Nowell.=. .'. 
 
 Roger Nowell*=Elizabotli, daughter and cobeircss of Riclard Fitton, by whom the Nowdls obtained 
 I half the manor of Great Harvvood, sold by the last Alexander Nowell, Ebq. of Read. 
 
 NO TV ELL, of READ. 
 
 [TofeMp.S64. 
 
 Adam Nowell t-=F. . 
 
 Richard Nowell, li<ing 1-, Edward III.==Johanna. 
 
 ,=pJol 
 
 Laurence Nowell, last of Great Merlay, and first of Read.=j=Katharine. 
 
 John Nowell. seized of the manor of Road, 21 Richard II.==. . 
 
 I _r 
 
 Nicholas Nowell, died before his father.==. . 
 
 Alexander Nowell ;, in 14Gr or l4CS.=Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Banister. Esq. 
 
 • daughter of Thomas Hesketh, Esq. from whom=Roger Nowell, Esq.==S. Grace §, daughter of John Towneley, 
 
 he was divorced. Marrieil 1462. J of Towneley, Esq. 
 
 John Towneley, Esq.=^ 
 
 Roger Nowcll.=j=Grace. Richard Towneley, Knt 
 
 1 Douce, or DowsabtJ, daughter of=j=John Nowell, Esq.=p2. Elizabeth, daugh-=3. Charles, second son of Sir John Towneley, 
 
 T 
 
 died 17 Henry 
 VIII. 1526. 
 
 Kohert Hesketh, Est), of RufTord, 
 Married in 1486. 
 
 1. Hizabelli, daughter of Mr. Ni-=Roger Nowell, Esq, 
 
 nasdivorcedieHenryVIII. Sep' 
 
 ter of Mr. Kay, of 
 Rachdale 
 
 of Towneley, from whom descended the 
 present family. Married 18 Henry VIII. 
 
 Isabel,:^Geoffiy Winkley, 
 
 of Winkley. Sir John Townelev. Knt.=^. 
 
 1 1 I 1 ' ( 
 
 Eleanor, buried at=John Hopwood, Esq. of Maud.=Edward RadclifFe, Esq.of Todmordtn, in Lancashire, 1. John Nowell .=Elizabeth Kav =0 ChilrierTownele» 
 Hopwood, near Mid- from whom Sir George RadclilTe, Knt. Samuel 
 
 dleton, Lancaster. RadcHffe, D.D. Principal of Brasen Nose, &c. 
 
 Whalley, March 
 1349. 
 
 _ ;ri^owe^, tsq.:^.:. urace, oaugliter ot iiicnara ; 
 
 choias Rishtonr from whom he buried at Whalley, burne, Esq. of Stonyhurst, 
 
 " .t. 8,156/. ' ried at Whalley, Jan. 21, 15i 
 
 hei- Alexandek, Laurence Robert, Attorney Nicholas, Steward Maigaret,=l\Ir. Thomas i«aude.=pWilliam Deane, Elizabeth, married=pMr. Thomas Whitaker, l=abella=Mr JohnWohun 
 
 bu- D.D. Dean Dean of ol theCourt of to the Earl of married Rvcroft. I ofTanworth, in 1530. | of Holme T ofWhJiev 
 
 5. ofSt.PauVs. Lichflel.l. Wards. Shrewsbury. in 1530. Gent 01 noime. ot Whalley, 
 
 Nowell,=pFioreoce, widow of I.,aurence Starkie, Esq. of Thomas No\vell,=pBennet, daughter of Roger. Alice. 
 
 died May 9, 
 1591, 
 
 Huntroyd, married at Padiham, Jan. 25 
 1551, buried at Whalley, Dec. IS, 1593. 
 
 eldest son. 
 
 Richard Towneley, 
 of Towneley, Esq. 
 
 Grace. 
 
 William.=Anne, Lady Maltravcrs, widow of Henry Robert Whitaker, Richard, died WUliam, D, D. John Wollon. Bishop of Exc- 
 Fitzalan, Baron Maltravers, and daugh- from whom the without borninl547, ter, and Warden of Mau- 
 
 ler of Sii- John Wentworth, ofGosfield, present family. issue. died 1595. Chester, born at Whalley. 
 
 KogerNovvell, Esq. buried at Whalley, Jan. 31, 1623, SheriSf of Lancashire, 1610.=Katharine, daughter of Jolm Murton, Esq. of Murton||, married May 9, 23 Elizabeth, buried at Whalley, Feb. 28, 1620. John, baptized at Whalley, Feb. 15, 1571, died without issue. 
 
 1. Elizabeth, daughter o{=pRoger Nowell, Esq.= 
 
 Thomas Fleetwood, Esq. 
 ofColdwich, in the county 
 of Stafford. 
 
 baptized at Whalley, 
 Aug. 8, 15S2, buried 
 Nov. 13, 1623. 
 
 ^. Katharine, dauE;htcr of Robert Hyde, Esq. 
 of Norbury, in Cheshire. She afterwards 
 nianied -Savile Piadcliffe, Esq. of Rlearley. 
 and was buried at Clilheroe, Jan. 21, 16G4. 
 
 i. Richard Fleetwood,= 
 Esq. of Coldwich, in 
 the county of Staf- 
 ford. 
 
 :Mary, bap-= 
 lized Alay 
 21, VoHG. 
 
 f2. Ralph Hopton, 
 Esq.of Armley, 
 near Leeds. 
 
 Floi'ence, baptized^ 
 March 7. 1587. 
 married Feb. 10, 
 1606. 
 
 :Mr. Nicholas 
 Scarborough, 
 of Gliisburne. 
 
 r I I J 1 "1 
 
 John, bap-=:Mary Pioc- Alexander, bap- Isabella, bap- Alexander, Robert, bap- Catharine, 
 
 HzedMarch lor.of Bol- tized Jidy 31, tized Feb. baptized tized June baptized 
 
 *:6, 1689. ling. 1591, buried IS, 1592. Feb. 27, 21,1596. July 15, 
 
 May 14, 1595. 1594. 1600. 
 
 :Dorothy, daughter of Robert 
 Holt, Esq. of Castleton. 
 She died June 4, 1681. 
 
 Elizabeth, bap- 
 tized Nov. 12, 
 1607. 
 
 Roger Nowell, Esq. baptized^; 
 March 13, 1605, buried at I 
 Whalley, May 25, 1695. | 
 
 I 
 
 1. Margaret, daughter of William Farrington, Esq.=Alexandcr Nowell, Esq.= 
 of Werden; married March 1, 1655, died without died Juii. 1, 1695-6. 
 issue, buiicd at Whalley, April 29, 1673. 
 
 Anne Mary, bap- 
 tized Sept. 17, 
 1609. 
 
 Thomas, baptized 
 March 24, 1610, 
 died young. 
 
 Adam, baptized 
 Mays, 1612, 
 died young. 
 
 .Richard, baptized Nov. 18, 
 1613, slain at the storm- 
 ing of Uristol. 
 
 George, baptized Oct. 19, 
 1620, died in Ireland, 
 leaving issue. 
 
 Ralph, born Dec. 
 26, 1621. 
 
 Henry, Deputy Governor 
 of the lale of Man, bap- 
 tized Jan. 1, 1623. 
 
 Penelope, buried at 
 Whalley, Mai'ch 
 12, 1629. 
 
 . Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Heber, 
 Esq. of Marton, buried at Whalley, 
 Dec. 15, 1683. 
 
 Dorothy, baptized=Henrv Banister, Esq. 
 Mai-ch 10, 1629. ' of Bank. 
 
 Thomas, baptized June 
 20, 1631, buried Apiil 
 22, 1637. 
 
 Mary, bai)tized Oct. 
 6, 1635, buried 
 Julys, 1637. 
 
 Robert, baptized 
 Dec. 12, 1637. 
 
 James, baptized 
 Jaji. 3, 1639. 
 
 Mai-y, baptized=Nathanicl Banister, Esq. 
 Junes, 1641. of Altham. 
 
 1- Jane, daughter of Richard Towneley, Esq. of Carr.=Roger Nowell, Esq. baptized Jan. 19,= 
 Marned Jan. 31, 1694-5, buried at Whalley, March 1674-5, buried at Whalley, July 15, 
 13, following. 1*24. 
 
 :. Rebecca, relict of Cuthbert Wade, Esq. ofKilnscy, 
 daughter of Thomas Hehei-, esq. ofMailon, married 
 March 16, 1695-C, at Colnc ; died 1744, aged /J- 
 
 Thomas, baptized March 
 30, 1676, died without 
 issue. 
 
 Robert, baptized May 
 1680, died without 
 
 Alexander, baptized May ll,:^Mary, daughter of Richard Asslieton, Bridget.= 
 16S2, buried at Burnley, Esq. of Cuerdale, buried at Burnley, 
 
 March 16, 1747- ' May 3, 1746. 
 
 =Thomas Sher- 
 son, Esq. Bar- 
 rister at Law. 
 
 Mi^, daughtci— Roger Nowell, Esq. bap- 
 
 ofSirJn.Legard, 
 Bart, of Union, 
 York. 
 
 tized Dee. 27, 1697. <lied 
 at York, buried at Whal- 
 ley, Oct. II, 1734, leav- 
 ing no male is&uc. 
 
 I I I 1 I I I I 
 
 Dorothy, Eleonora, Bridget, bap-^Alcxander Sher- 
 Jane, Anne, Thomas, tized March son^, son of 
 20, 1703. 
 
 Elizabeth, Reginald, 
 all died s. p. 
 
 Thomas Sher- 
 son, Esq. 
 
 Alexander Nowell, Esq.:^, 
 baptized Jan . 3 1, 1706, 
 buried at Whalley, Nov. 
 3, 1*50. 
 
 Kelietca.^Ri-r Jului 
 taylev, of 
 Low Hall, 
 Brompton. 
 
 Uorothy.=pUev. Cuth- 
 bert Allan- 
 son, of Ad- 
 lington, 
 Lane. 
 
 Richard, 
 
 youngest son, 
 
 baptized July 
 
 25. 1738, died 
 
 s. p. 1743. 
 
 1 
 
 Alexander Now-: 
 ell**, Esq. bu- 
 ried at Whal- 
 ley. May 27. 
 177'2. 
 
 daughter of ... . Hal field, 
 Esq. of Stockport, buried at 
 Whalley Oct, IH, 1763. 
 
 Dorothy, baptized=pJohn Heber, 
 Jan. 19, 1712. Rector of 
 
 Marton. 
 
 ~T" 
 
 Alexander.^ Richard, James, 
 
 Thomas, all died 
 
 without male 
 
 issue. 
 
 I-^orgc Alliinson, 
 
 :Eleanora Ma- 
 tilda, daughter 
 
 of Colonel 
 Ramsey, died 
 
 in London. 
 
 Thomas**, 
 
 died 3. p. 
 
 17C6. 
 
 Roger * 
 
 Roger .=y=. 
 
 Ralph Nowelt. Esq.^^Sarafa, daughter of 
 
 of Eccleston, 
 Lancashire, died 
 May, 1780. 
 
 ThomasWhiiaker, of 
 Holme, Gent, died at 
 Preston, buried at 
 Holme, April3,l793. 
 
 Reginald Charles, 
 
 Heber, LL.B. 
 Rector of 
 Marton, 
 died s. p. 
 
 died 
 .p. 
 
 Mary.=^iimes Fariing- 
 ton, brother of 
 
 Sir Williani 
 
 Farrington , of 
 
 Shawhall. 
 
 Roger, 
 died 
 
 I I I I 
 Rebecca. 
 Anne. 
 Lucy, 
 Sarah. 
 Mary. 
 
 J 
 
 Thomas Mi-::^.\nne West, 
 
 chael, M. D. 
 bornSept.29, 
 
 1760, died 
 Aug. 8,1807. 
 
 daughter of 
 
 West, 
 
 Esq. merch. 
 in London. 
 
 Alexander \owcll,= 
 Esq. latcofTir- 
 hoot, in Bengal, 
 born Nov. 19, 
 I76I, no issue. 
 
 :Maria Teresa, wi- 
 dow of Colonel 
 Watson, Chief 
 Engineer to the 
 E. India Corop. 
 
 Richard, a Soli-= 
 
 citor, in Essex 
 
 Street, I>ondon, 
 
 born Dec, 29, 
 
 1764, s.p. 
 
 :Isabc]Ia Anne, 
 dau.oftheRcv. 
 ArthurCoiiam, 
 A.M. Archdca- 
 coa of Wiltf. 
 
 Ktclor of Marton' 
 ^ginald Huber. 
 
 Mary, second=pReginald Heber. Rector of 
 wife. I Malpas and Hodnet. 
 
 Elizabeth Eleanora, died 
 in her childhood. 
 
 Dorothy .rp. . . 
 
 nf .. i> , ■■ -^ ^l- 'he celebrated author 
 «"I*al«tine,- " 
 
 ■ Hector of Hodnet. 
 
 Thomas Cuthbert. A.\L Fellow of Brasen 
 Nose, now Hector of Marton. 
 
 Mary. 
 
 Jenneiv 
 Esq. 
 
 A daughter. 
 
 pRichard Barton, Esq. 
 ' Manchester. 
 
 i.-j-iwi-.ia.. 
 
 of P 
 
 William Farrington, Esq. 
 now of Shawhall. 
 
 Alexander John, died at Palermo, 
 Oct. 1SI4. 
 
 ScveiiJ children. 
 
 Notll 
 
 et HoK) 
 
 he giant of a con-ody to Gilbert de la Ugh and John his son, from the abbat and convent of Whalley, 23 Edward I. U attested " Simone de 
 Jgerfi fi-atrc suo." The older brother probably died without issue ; for the younger, " Roger Nowell, of Merelcy.'" as appears by the abstract 
 
 ■■" 19 acres of land, on condition that the priest saying mass, should daily make special comme- 
 
 - 1263, is certainly a mistake, probably for 1298. 
 
 ;no Merlay proavo Adse Nowell de veteri boseo in 
 
 « an ancifni ,.i , »<"^"iuei muuier prooaoiv 
 
 '"Oration for It I said convent of vVhalley " 19 aeres of land, on condition that the prie 
 
 t Orif." '^ "nl i"' '"' '"'"''>' ''"^I'Sf'^'d. a* well a» for the good estate of the living." The date, 
 
 Sapidtii ri p ' I ''''"^'^''""■sh. maneritnn de Magna Merlav olim Kadulphl de Rous concess. Stephai 
 t WaidT ? <""''° "'^ ™ml>uroiHl, MS. Dod^vorlh, 161. f. 5T. 
 
 Tonnelev lo U' •V,"™'''^'' Novell, and custody of the manor ot Read, and half the manor of G 
 
 nelev lo if "' ••^'"^der Nowell, and custody of the iuauor ot Read, and half the manor of Great Harwood, granted to Richard Towneley, of 
 ""'y- 12 Henry VI. Towneley MSS. 
 
 5 Her jointure was jt'.S.steriing, issuing out Read. Her fortune 100 marks. 
 
 II After which marriage, the oldest sons of the family, when married before their fether's decease, usually resided at Marton. 
 
 H Alexander .Shersoii, Constable of the Castle, and Town Clerk of Lancaster, died Nov. 21, 1737, leaving a ilumerousjssue, 
 Sherson, M. D. late of Great Ormond Street, now (1809) of Cridge House, Surrey, has also a numerous progeny 
 Orston, Notts, married a niece of Dr. Slierson, snd has issue. ,_ . - , • i j 
 
 •» Alexander, Thom:is, and Roger, the three oldest sons, appear to have been born and baptized at Mancbcttcr, where their father resided as a 
 merchant before his accession to the estate. 
 
 His son Robert 
 Edward Robsoii, M. A. Vicar of 
 
 ^ 
 
 £^
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 265 
 
 SIM0^ST0^'E, 
 
 Contiguous to Read, on the East side, and like that, held in thanage. The earliest notice 
 I have met with of this township is contained in a charter of John de Lacy, constable of Ches- 
 ter (who died 1240), in which he grants a fifth part of the vill of Syniondstone to John del 
 Thelwall, sans date. 
 
 Afterwards, but still without date, Wm. de Heys conveys the manor of Symondstone to 
 Nicholas de Holden. How long the Holdens remained in possession of this manor I know 
 not, saving that I find them here in I361 ; after which, nothing appears upon the subject till 
 21 Elizabeth, when it was found, by inquisition, that John Braddyll, esq. of Braddyll and 
 Brockhall, died seised of the manor of Symondstone *. 
 
 This township, like most others in the parish, gave name to a family, who, though never 
 possessed of the manor, had the principal property in it, and whose descendants, through an 
 heir female, still reside, in great opulence, upon their domain. Of these I meet with 
 
 GeofFry de Symondstone ----- ^ 
 
 Ely de Symondstone ------ >l3ll, as per inq. 
 
 John and John de Symondstone - - - J 
 
 Thomas de Symondstone, and "| who also held lands in Cliviger, in 1344 
 
 Henry his son, J and 1350. 
 
 Next appears a John de Symondstone, whose daughter and heiress, Elizabeth, married 
 Edward, son of William Starkie, of Barnton, in Cheshire. For the earlier descents of this 
 family, the Reader is referred to Sir Peter Leicester's " Antiquities of Bucklow Hundred," under 
 Barnton, &c. ; but, from the time they became incorporated with the Symondstones, their 
 genealogy is as follows : 
 
 * BraddyU MSS. 
 
 2 M St.vrkie
 
 266 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 Starkie of Huntroyd. 
 
 Arms : Argent, a bend Sable between six storks proper. 
 The etyniologj' of the word is. Stork ea, the Island, or Water of the Stork. 
 
 ^^'illianl Starkie, of Barnton,^ 
 vi.-c. 7th Ed. IV. I 
 
 Edward Starkic.=pElizabeth, dauirhter and heiress of John 
 
 I 
 
 Symondstone, of Sjinondstone. 
 
 Tlioinas Starkie, first 
 of Twiston. 
 
 1 
 
 James Starkie, vix.:^ane, daughter of . 
 SdHeiirvVIII. | Tempest, esq. 
 
 '. I 
 
 Laurence Starkie, 
 1st Edw. VI. 
 
 vix.=5=Florence, daughter of Mr. Reginald Atkinson,=2d. Roger Novell, es((. 
 I of Skipton, Yorkshire. of Read. 
 
 Edmund Starkie.=pAnne, daughter of Mr. Hancock, of Pendle Forest. 
 I 1 
 
 l.Anne,da=f:Nich. Starkie, =2. Thurstan 
 
 1 
 
 Thomas. 
 
 I 
 James. 
 
 "T 
 
 andherrof 
 Mr. John 
 Parr, of 
 Cleworth. 
 
 \Villiam.=pFrances, da. 
 ob. August, Barton, of of Mr.John 
 
 1618. Smethells, Whitacre, 
 
 esq. of Symond- 
 
 stone. 
 
 T 
 
 Florence. Heilen. 
 
 1 
 
 Anne,=:Mr. Rich. 
 Hodgkin- 
 son, of 
 Preston. 
 
 1 
 
 Laurence. 
 
 John Starkie, esq. Sherif}' of=j 
 Lane. 9Cha. I. I 
 
 =lMargaret, da. of Anne.^Mr, Thomas Dyke, of West- 
 Mr. Tho. Leigh. wick, near Ripon. 
 
 Edmund. 
 
 1. Katharine, =pNicholas Starkie,=p2. Grace, dau. of 
 
 dau. of Lam- 
 beth Tildes- 
 ley, gent. 
 
 esq. blown up 
 
 withgunpowder 
 
 at Houghton 
 
 Tower, A.D. 
 
 lOM-J. 
 
 Mr. James Mur- 
 gatroyd, of Mur- 
 
 gatroyd, now 
 called HoUins, 
 near Halifax. 
 
 Peirs, a 
 
 Dutch 
 
 merchant, 
 
 died at 
 
 Pendle Hall, 
 
 1G89. 
 
 I r 
 
 Edmund. Mary.^Richard 
 
 ob. Banis- 
 
 1657. ter, of 
 
 Altham, 
 
 esq. 
 
 E]izabeth.=Mi'. Tho- 
 mas Til- 
 deslev, 
 
 of' 
 Garrat. 
 
 Anne, 
 ob. inf. 
 
 Maigaret, daughtei- of=pJohn Starkie, esq. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Norris, 
 of Bolton. 
 
 ob. Octob. 
 set. 
 
 1665 
 
 Edmund, born= 
 1632. 
 
 =Mary, daughter and heir of 
 Mr. R. Hammond, of 
 Crawshaw, near Colne. 
 
 John Starkie, esq. born=Anne, daug^iter of Hul- 
 
 1638, ob. 1696. ] ton, of Hulton, esq. 
 
 r 
 
 Nicholas. 
 
 1 
 
 Alexander. 
 
 Anne. 
 
 1 — 
 
 Marv. 
 
 Alice. 
 
 Peirs Starkie, esq. 
 ob. s. p. Nov. 
 1760, a:t. 74. 
 
 John, in the 
 E.xchequer. 
 
 Alice,::^Hon. Hora. 
 I — ' Townshend. 
 A daughtei', married 
 to the Earl of Exeter. 
 
 Mary.=Peter Worthing- 
 ton, of West- 
 houghton,gent. 
 
 Nicolas.=pElizabeth, daughter 
 of Col. Gunter, of 
 Aubury, co. Wilts. 
 
 r 
 
 Edmund Starkie, esq. coun- 
 sellor at law, and burgess for 
 Preston, in several Parlia- 
 ments, ob. s. p. 
 
 -r 
 
 Nicholas=pSarah, daughter and 
 
 Starkie, 
 of Rid- 
 dlesden. 
 
 coheir of \^alentine 
 Farington, of Pies- 
 ton, M.D. 
 
 John, rector 
 
 of Halne- 
 
 ker, CO. 
 
 Sussex. 
 
 1 
 
 Thomas 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 William, a- 
 meichant 
 of Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Nicho- 
 las, ob. 
 s.p. 
 
 1 
 
 Legen- : 
 
 dre Peirs 
 
 Starkie, 
 
 esq. 
 
 Trances, dau. 
 
 of Walter 
 
 Hawkes- 
 
 worth, of 
 
 Hawkes- 
 
 worth, esq. 
 
 Betty.=William 
 Dixon, 
 
 of 
 
 Sutton, 
 
 esq. 
 
 I 
 
 Nicho- 
 las, 
 late of 
 French- 
 wood, 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 1 
 
 Thomas; 
 
 Starkie, 
 
 of 
 French- 
 wood, 
 esq. 
 
 =Cathenne, 
 
 daughter of 
 
 E. Downes, 
 
 of Shrigley, 
 
 CO. Cest. 
 
 esq. 
 
 "T 
 
 Edwaixl, 
 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 T 
 
 :Mary, daughter 
 of Tho. Foxley, 
 of Manchester, 
 merchant. 
 
 William^Margaret, 
 a sur- another 
 
 geon. daughter 
 of Edward 
 Downes of 
 Shrigley. 
 
 Legendre Piers Starkie, csq.=y=C'harlotte, daughter of B. Preedy, D. D. rector of 
 
 ^ ' Brinkton, co. Northampton. 
 
 By
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 267 
 
 By Inquisition post mart. Hen. Lacy, 151I, it was found that Rob. de Holden held 
 in Simonstone, 
 
 s. d. 
 
 I oxgang of land in thanage, for the render of — — 3 2^ 
 
 Elena de Landia, 1 ditto in ditto — — 3 2- 
 
 Geofliy de Simonstone, half an oxgane — — 1 7^ 
 
 Ely de Simonstone, ditto — — 1 7- 
 
 John, son of John de Simonstone, do. and a pair of spurs — "^ ^2 
 
 9 9k 
 
 In all, half a carucate. 
 
 Simonstone has long been the residence of a branch from High Whitaker, of whom I meet 
 with Kichard Whitaker and Margaret his wife, 12th Henry VI. but am not able to continue 
 the descent to the present time. 
 
 In the Coucher Book of Whalley Abbey, I find a licence from Nicholas de Holden and 
 John de Symondstone, granted to the abbot and convent " accipiendi lapides pro fabrica 
 " monasterii sui, in Symondstone, dat. 1336." 
 
 PADIHAM. 
 
 I am compelled to cite my authority for the following etymology of this word, the home or 
 habitation of Paddi, which would otherwise sound rather ludicrously in modern ears — Jordan 
 and Alexander, " filii Paddi cum sequela," from the catalogue of the nativi belonging to the 
 Abbey of Cockersand, in the chartulary of that house. 
 
 This is a considerable village, advantageously situated on the elevated bank of the Calder, 
 but ill built, and of no elegant appearance. The Chapel dedicated to St. Leonard is the oldest 
 place of worship in the parish, of the new foundation, yet the name does not occur in the 
 confirmation of Archbishop Arundel, in the yearl400; and the following memorandum, 
 extracted from the Tovvnley MSS. will very nearly ascertain its real date: — " Whereas Kynge 
 " Henry ye VI. did graunte unto one Mr. Joh. Maresheale a lycense, dated \'n Feb. 
 " an. regni xxx°. to purchase certayne landes for ye use of a chauntrie priest at ye churche or 
 " chapel of Padyham, which sayde lycence of late tyme was in custodv of Syr Jhon Tovvnlev, 
 " knt. ye sayde Syr Jhon hath putte ye sayde lycense into ye sure custodye of ye abbot and 
 *' convente of Whalley for ever." This benefactor was a person of considerable property in the 
 place, which his descendants enjoyed nearly a century after. The following series of the 
 Incumbents of this church is nearly complete : — 
 
 William Boothe, Clericus de Padiom, occurs in 1470, within 1 8 years after 
 
 the date of the Mortmain, and was probably the first chantry-priest. 
 
 Oliver Hall, chantry-priest of Padyham, occurs in — — — 146*0 
 
 Sir Hugh Hargreave, chantry-priest of Padyham — — — 1538 
 
 John Hey, capellanus de Padiham — — — — — 1551 
 
 John Baxter occurs as curate in the beginning of the register, I573, and died 16)6 
 
 Walter
 
 2C8 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 Walter Borset, who seems to have removed, as there is no account of his 
 
 interment in the register. 
 
 Robert Hill occurs — — — — — — I627 
 
 John Burtomwood occurs — — — — — 1633 
 
 John Breres, A.M. — — — — — — 1644 
 
 Roger Barton occurs 1665, died — — — — — 1667 
 
 Elisha Clarkson, died — — • — — — — l6j6 
 
 Robert Sheffield, died — — — -- — — I685 
 
 John Grundy occurs 1694, died — — — — — 1735 
 
 John Holmes, born at Kildwick, Yorkshire, afterwards removed to Hasling- 
 
 den, where he died, and was interred. 
 
 James Fishwick, died — — — — — • — 1793 
 
 John Adamson, the present incumbent, to whom I am indebted for much of 
 
 the preceding information. 
 
 In the Computus of Fr. Laur. Forest, an. I536, I find the following entry: — " Pro stipite 
 Sci. Leonardi de Padyham, vi*. viiif?." — This was the annual amount of the offerings made 
 at the shrine of St. Leonard. 
 
 On the dissolution of the chantries, the incumbents of the chapels, which were permitted 
 to remain, had small pensions settled upon them, and made payable out of the duchy of Lan- 
 caster. The curate of Padiham, in particular, by virtue of an order made by Lord Paget, 
 then chancellor of the duchy, dated Sept. 22d, 3d Edward VI. is entitled to a pension of 
 67. 19«. 2(1. of which he actually receives only 61. 6s. 4d. 
 
 The patron of this church is L. P. Starkie, esq. of Huntroyd, as a benefactor under the 
 Act of Geo. I. 
 
 In this church*, the tower and little choir, both of excellent masonry, alone remain 
 of the original building. The body of the church having become ruinous, was rebuilt in the 
 year 1766, with an attention to economy not very laudable, among so opulent a body of 
 parishioners. 
 
 It has long been the burial-place of the families of Gawthorp and Huntroyd, but contains no 
 monuments or inscriptions worthy of notice. 
 
 By the Inquisition of 1650 (Lambeth MSS.), it was found that the Chapel of Padiham was 
 parochial; that the minister, John Breares, A.M. received a salary of 6l. IQs. 2d. paid by the 
 receiver of the duchy, and 33/. from the commissioners of the county ; that the chapelry con- 
 sisted of the townships of Padiham, Simonstone, Hapton, and Higham Booth, consisting, 
 together, of 232 families and II06 souls, and that they desire to be made a parish. 
 
 The manor of Padiham has never been granted out; and, at the time of the Inquisition post 
 mort. Henry de Lacy, or 1311, there were only two free tenants ; viz. 
 
 * On a subsequent review of this church, I think there is reason to suppose that it was built and made parochial 
 in the time of Henry Vlll. Marsliall's chantry was, probably, a very small and humble edilice : but the masonry of 
 the present building appears too good for the year 1440; and the appearance of Abbot Paslew's arms upon the font, 
 and in the East window, lead to a conjecture that it was rebuilt, and obtained the parochial rights of baptism and burial 
 in his lime. 
 
 John
 
 Book IV.— Chap, l] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 John de Whitacre, 44 acres — 
 
 And Richard, son of Mawe, for 25^ — 
 
 The basis of property, therefore, in the township, cannot have been 
 more than half a carucate of land. 
 
 But at the same time here were, besides, 
 
 gg acres demised to tenants at will — 
 
 24oxgangs in bondage, demised to 25 customary tenants — 
 
 »6» 
 
 ^\ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 Services remitted 
 One water-mill — 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 18 -2 
 
 The town-fields of Padiham were divided, in the year 1529, Sir John Townlej', knt. 
 Nicholas Tempest, and Nicholas Banastre, Esqrs. being the commissioners for enclosure. The 
 whole consisted of ten oxgangs of land ; and the following distribution will show how extremely 
 variable and irregular this ancient mode of admeasurement must have been: 
 
 For the two first oxgangs consisted of — xl acres. 
 
 The two next of — — — — — xxxii. 
 
 The third ditto — — — — — xxxii. 
 
 The fourth — — — — — xl. 
 
 The fifth and last, of — — — — xlix. 
 
 But, in determining the oxgang, quality as well as quantity appears to have been taken 
 into the account. 
 
 The record of this enclosure is farther valuable, as it affords the first hint of the working of 
 a coal-mine within the parish. It may appear extraordinary, that the inhabitants of a countrv, 
 abounding in inexhaustible beds of this valuable fossil, should have neglected so long to avail 
 themselves of the benefit which Providence had placed within their reach. This fact, however, 
 may be accounted for from several causes ; such as want of money, want of skill *, want of 
 gunpowder, and, lastly, a great but decreasing store of wood. Neither, indeed, is the fact strictly 
 true, that the inflammable qualities of coal were absolutely unknown or unemployed till tlieii. 
 In the mortar of buildings considerably prior to the reign of Henry V III. I have seen apparent 
 specimens of coal-cinder mixed with wood, which had been employed in burning lime. Coal, 
 indeed, could scarcely remain undiscovered in the woody doughs of the parish, where pebble- 
 limestone was collected. Washed down as it is, in fragments, by the torrents, or exhibiting 
 whole strata on their broken sides, a kiln could scarcely be heated by wood ; nay, a few 
 savages could scarcely kindle a fire of sticks in such situations, without discovering the inflam- 
 mable qualities of that black bituminous fossil, which would frequently mix itself with their 
 vegetable fuel ; and it was in fact pursued, as innumerable appearances testify, so far as was 
 practicable, without pits or expensive levels. But these superficial attempts could only be 
 made for the accommodation of a few neighbouring families; and the general position remains 
 
 * The art of blasting rocks has not been introduced here quite a century. It was unknown in Derbyshire and 
 Staffordshire at the time Dr. Plot wrote his History of the latter, ann. 1GS5. The slow and awkward expedient for 
 softening rooks, at that time, being nothing more than kindling lires ujion their suiface. 
 
 unques-
 
 270 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 unquestionably established, that coal-mines for sale, and of any considerable extent, were not 
 wrought before the period to which I have assigned their origin *. — For, 1st, in the foundation 
 of the hermitage of Whalley, by Henry Duke of Lancaster, which contains a minute and 
 curious detail of most of the necessaries of life, abundant provision is made of vegetable fuel, 
 but no mention made of fossil coal. 2dly. In the Computus of the abbey for the year 1521, 
 just eight years before the mention of a coal-mine at Padiham, there appears the following 
 entry on the side of disbursements, " pro carbonibus marinis, 0:0:0;" a proof that the use of 
 coal was known and beginning to prevail, but had not yet been introduced into the abbey, 
 whether because the monks were slow in admitting innovations, or that a carriage of five miles 
 was thought too expensive. But, lastly, in the Computus of 1529, is a charge, "pro carbo- 
 " nibus marinis," of 6 : : ; — a proof that in this last interval of eight years, the use of pit- 
 coal had been fully established in the parish. I cannot return from this digression without 
 noticing Mr. Whitaker's interpretation (see Hist, of Manchester, b. 1, c. ix.) of the two Saxon 
 words jpoepan and ^eajit)a, which occur in a grant of the Abbey of Peterborough, by the 
 former of which he understands pit-coal, and by the latter peat. Let the learned antiquary 
 consider whether the verb -^iixipanjodere, from which the substantive is derived, does not more 
 properly express the act of digging peat than mining for coal; and whether, in consequence, 
 that substance was not intended. For the latter word, I have no doubt that it was meant to 
 express what he well knows are denominated in Lancashire ^aA«, or the swarth of peat, which 
 is principally used in kindling fires : this intei"pretation is confirmed by the proportions of these 
 substances, which are generally stipulated for; viz. 60 loads of wood, 12 of jpeajran, and six 
 of jeajiba. Peat is common in the fens ; but in the unnavigable state of the Nen, the Wel- 
 land, and the Ouse, which, in the ninth century, had probably no formed channel, but were 
 diffused over the face of the adjoining country, how, it may be asked, should the tenants of the 
 abbey of Peterborough have procured sea-coal to make their payments r 
 
 In this township are the remains of the house of High Whitaker, consisting only of one wing, 
 strongly and respectably built, and apparently of the aera of Henry VIII. This was the 
 parent-stock of a clan very numerous in Lancashire; and from which I have every thing but 
 positive evidence to prove, that my own family was branched out in the person of Richard de 
 Whitaker, in the reign of Edward III. Of the original stem, while they remained here, I have 
 only been able to collect the following names and dates : 
 
 Joh. de Quitacre, S. D. 
 
 Rich, de Whitaker, 133.3. 
 
 Milo Whitaker, 30 Henry VIII. 
 
 Barnard W intake}-. 
 
 1 
 
 Laurence, brother of Bernard =^ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Isabella. Henrv \Vhitaker.=p 
 
 John Whitaker, in ward of Barnard Townley, of Hurstwood, 20th Elizabeth. 
 It was found, by inquisition, that the estate of High Whitaker consisted of 100 acres of land, 
 100 of pasture, 20 of meadow, 100 of moor and morass, in High Whitaker, Simondstone, and 
 Padiham. It was afterwards sold to the Shuttleworths of Gavvthorp, but at what period I 
 cannot precisely ascertain. 
 
 * Yet it appears from one of the Compotus's of Bolton Priory that a Coal-mine was wrought at Colne in the latte» 
 end of the reign of Edward III. 
 
 HJPTON.
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 HAPTON. 
 
 271 
 
 This is the most remote of the eight townships immediately dependent npon the Church of 
 Whalley, though witliin the chapelry of Padiham, and a manor belonging to the Townley family. 
 It is in all probability so called from the Anglo Saxon pep acervus and cun villa, meaning 
 the high town*, an etymology which accords with the situation of the place; sloping, as it 
 does, in a continued ascent of more than three miles from the bed of Calder to the summit 
 of Hameldon. 
 
 The basis of this township was one carucate of land in Hapton, properly so called, and 
 half a carucate in the dependent hamlet of Birdtwiseli. Both these gave name to their respective 
 possessors: one, in the age immediately following the Conquest. The first, however (that of 
 Hapton) has long been extinct ; the second, is no unusual sirname at present -|-. 
 
 Cecilia, daughter of John de Hapton, grants to Richard son of William de Legh, her 
 cousin (this family is entirely distinct from the De la Leghs of the next century), all her lands 
 and services in Hapton, in free marriage, A.D. 1205; the earliest date, excepting one, which 
 I have ever seen affixed to a charter. At an uncertain period, but prior to the year 1 l8l, occurs 
 a Nicholas, son of John de Hapton : which Nicholas I suppose to be father to the second John. 
 On this supposition, the descent will be as follows: — 
 
 John de Hapton. 
 Nicholas de Hapton. 
 John de Hapton. 
 Cecilia=Rich. de Legh. 
 
 Allowing, therefore, this heiress to have been 20 years old at the time of her marriage, in 
 1205, and also 30 years each to the three foregoing generations, this computation will ascend 
 to the year IO95, only 29 years after the Conquest. 
 
 At the same time, however, William de Arches seems to have held a portion of the manor; 
 for Robert de Lacy the second, who died in 11,93, grants to this William a confirmation of all 
 the privileges which his ancestors had conferred upon the ancestors of the latter, particularly the 
 venison caught {veiiatmiem mptam) in Hapton and Wiswall ; a proof that the range of deer 
 was not then confined to the forests. 
 
 A descendant of this William de Arches, and of the same name, grants, I suppose in 
 trust, to Reyner de Bridtwisle, all his rents, tenements, and services, in Hapton, as late as 
 3d Edward HI. 
 
 In the year immediately preceding, I find the first mention of the Maneriutn et Parous 
 de Hapton. 
 
 * See an ingenious and probable account of this word in Watson's History of Halifax, p. 232. 
 
 t It is an instance at once of the tendency of the Heralds to pun on proper names, and of their ignorance of .the 
 true grounds of etymology, that they have assigned as arms to this family three weasels. The real sense of the word is, 
 a boundary frequented by birds. Another examj.ie of (lie same sort is Slmttleworth, to which these ingenious persons 
 have assigned three shuttles ; whereas the name is Sultle or South Hill-worth. A third is Hamerton, the Town of 
 Amer, distinguished bv three hammers. Tun=fall, «7«. Locus Tonsoris, has three combs: all equally erroneous. 
 
 Of
 
 S72 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 Of the proprietors of Bridtwisell, the first who occurs is Reyner de B. who, by cliarter 
 without date, granted three acres of land in Bridtwisell, to the abbot and convent* of Stanlaw, 
 and the same quantity to God and St. Mary of Whalley. From this family it passed, by what 
 means I have not learned, to the Lacys of Cromwellbothom, of whom Henry de Lacy (let him 
 not be confounded with the great earl, his namesake, relation, and contemporary) grants to 
 Gilbert De la Legh all the services, lands, and tenements, which had belonged to Adam de 
 Bridtwisell, in loc. voc. Bridtwisell in Hapton, 30 Edw. I. And this was the first footing 
 which the De la Leghs obtained in Lancashire. 
 
 Next follows a singular transaction, which cannot but give a striking idea of the oppression 
 of the feodal law, when exercised in all its rigor. Two years after his settlement at Bird- 
 twisell, that is, in I303, or 32d Edw. L the same Gilbert de Legh purchased the manor of 
 Hapton itself from Thon^as de Altaripa (Daltrey), lord of Carlton in Craven. The description 
 of the premises conveyed in this transaction is so extraordinary, that I cannot forbear giving an 
 abstract of the charter which records it : 
 
 " Tho. de Altaripa, ded. cone. &c. Gilberto del Legh, manerium de Hapton in Blackburn- 
 " shire, cum pertinentiis excepta advocatione Ecclesise de Arneclifte, et aliis tenementis in 
 "Craven, si quze eidem manerio aliquo tempore fuerint pertinentia, A. D. 1303." — This 
 alienation unfortunately took place without licence from the superior lord ; an irregularity 
 of which Henry de Lacy failed not to take advantage, by seizing the manor, with all its 
 appurtenances, into his own hands, and regranting them to Edmund Talbot, of Bashall, 
 who, in the same year, obtained from Edward the First a charter of free warren within his 
 manor of Hapton -^. 
 
 Hard as such instances of feodal rigor may appear in these days of lenity and independence, 
 they were at that time far from uncommon. However, in little more than 20 years from the 
 date of this seizure, a similar instance of severity, upon a much larger scale, namely, the 
 escheat of the barony of Govver, excited a civil war. 
 
 De la Legh, however, had no such means of redress, either against the chief lord, or his 
 grantee ; and the Talbots remained in quiet possession 26 years ; after which, in the 2d Edw. III. 
 1328, it was regranted to De la Legh by Edward Talbot, and confirmed by John his son, in 
 a charter dated at Hapton. 
 
 In the year following a receipt was given by John Talbot to Gilbert de la Legh, for the 
 sum of 120 marks, in part of cccxx marks +, the purchase-money: — a fortunate circumstance, 
 as the consideration seldom appears upon the face of ancient charters of feotlment. 
 
 During the possession of Sir Edmund Talbot, died Henry de Lacy, in the inquisition, after 
 whose death, it was found that 
 
 Sir Edmund Talbot held one carucate of land in Hapton, by 
 the service of l-8th part of a knight's fee, and the pay- 
 ment of — — — — — 11 
 
 * Test, to the former Hen. Persona de Alnetham. 
 
 t Dugdale's Baronage, xmder Talbot. 
 
 X Joh'es f. Kdin. Talbot, 10c'. de Gilb. de la I^gh cxxni leg. Mon. Ang. in p'tem solutiojiis cccxx"'. in quibusmihi 
 diet. Gilb. teneb. per lit»', suam oblitvator. D. ap. Whalley die dom. in fest. S. Greg. Pap. A. R. K. Ed. h Con(i. III.— 
 Sig. Talb. 3 liona. Dodsw. MSS. V. 135. f. 52. 
 
 And
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALI.EY. 2lr3 
 
 And Henry de Lac)', of Cromwellbotliom, the hamlet of Brid- 
 twisell, consisting of half a carucate, by homage and service, 
 and the render of — — — — — 40 
 
 5 1 
 
 Of this distinguished family, the following anecdotes, referring chiefly to the period of their 
 connection with Hapton, may not be unacceptable. 
 
 The Talbots of Bashall were descended from William, younger son of Geoffry Talbot, 
 ancestor of the Shrewsbury family. (5 Steph.) Thomas, one of the descendants of this Wil- 
 liam, being related to the Lacies, was constituted governor of Clitheroe Castle, by Edmund 
 Lacie, constable of Chester, temp. Hen. HI. having, b}»^ his gift (37 Hen. HI.) the manors of 
 Bashall and Mitton granted to himself and his heirs in fee-farm, paying thereout 7/. 10.S. 71^. 
 j»er annum * . 
 
 Edmund, son of this Thomas, was constituted Steward of Blackburnshire, 28th Edw. I. 
 by Henry de Lacy, then Earl of Lincoln -j~. In the 32d Edw. 1. he was in the great expedition 
 against Scotland, where, as a reward of his services, he obtained a charter ^ of free warren in his 
 demesne lands of Bashall and Mitton, as also in those of Hapton, co. Lane, bearing date at 
 Striveling, 34th Edw. I. 
 
 In the same year he received the honour of knighthood, by bathing and other ceremonies^ 
 along with Prince Edward, afterwards Edward II. ^ 
 
 This Sir Edmund had two sons; Sir Thomas, from whom descended the later Talbots of 
 Bashall {see Bashall, under Mitton) ; and John, constable of Lincoln Castle, 14th Edw. II. who 
 sold the manor of Hapton to Gilbert de la Legh, 3d Edw. III. || 
 
 The present interest of this family in the manor of Hapton, the obscurity of their early his- 
 tory, and the erroneous accounts which have been given of it, altogether render it of importance 
 to ascertain from which of the numerous branches of the Leghs, or Leighs, they are originally 
 descended — a fact, I believe, hitherto unknown. 
 
 Now it appears, from Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 221, that in the iCth Edw. II. Sir 
 John de Mereworth and Margery his wife, heiress of the Creepings, granted the manor of 
 Middleton, near Leeds, to Gilbert de la Leigh, who was son of John de la Leigh, a second son, 
 as he says, of the house of Baggiley in Cheshire. There was also, in Thoresby's time, upon 
 the steeple of Rothwell Church, in which parish Middleton lies, and there is now lying in 
 the church-yard of that place, a very fair and and well-cut stone, with the following arms: 
 quarterly, 1st. Arg. a bend Gules, over all two ^f bars Sable ; 2d. Argent, a fess, and three mullets 
 in chief Sable ; the third as the 2d ; the 4th as the first. The 2d and 3d, Thoresby, who ought 
 to have been better informed, conjectured to belong to the Crepings4., whereas they are, in 
 
 * Ex chartis Tliomae Talbot, quondam de Bashall. Diigd. Bar. in Tulbol. 
 t Reg. Whalley .\bbey. I tart. 32 Edw. I. 
 
 § Dugd. Bar. under Talbot. 
 
 II Hopkinson's MS Pedigrees of Yorkshire Gentry, under Talbnt. 
 
 % This is wrongly blazoned by Thoresby : the bend is over the bars ; and for a very good reason, as will appear 
 in the next page. 
 
 4- The Crepings bore. Gules, a lion saliant Arg. between semes dc billets Or. 
 
 2 N Act.
 
 274 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 fact, the paternal coats of the first line of the Towneleys ; and therefore demonstrate, 1st, that 
 the De la Leghs of Hapten and Middleton are the same; 2d, that the latter must have branched 
 out from the former, after the marriage of John de la Legh and Cecilia deTowneley ; and, 3dly, 
 therefore, that the claim of the Middleton branch, to a descent from the Cheshire house, is 
 derived to them through that of Hapton. 
 
 For this last intelligence concerning the family of Baggiley, though false, I am under some 
 obligation to Thoresby, as it first suggested to me the idea of searching for the origin of this 
 family in Cheshire; where, after a long investigation, and a careful comparison of Thoresby's 
 account with Sir Peter Leycester's *, and the jiedigree of the Towneley family, I trust that I 
 have made it out. First, then, appears, by indubitable authorities, a John, son of Gilbert de 
 la Legh, who married, probably about I290, Cecilia, younger daughter, but at length heiress, 
 of Richard de Towneley, and died some time before the 4th Edw. III. leaving a son, Gilbert, who 
 inherited the estate. This John bore the very coat in question, which was first assumed by 
 John de Legh, of Booths, who was son of William Venables and Agnes his second wife, 
 daughter of Richard Legh, of High Legh. The sera of this John is ascertained by his having 
 purchased Booths, 28 Edw. L He is known to have had two sons; Sir John Legh, of Booths 
 (who married, secondly, Isabel, daughter of Sir William Baggiley, and had Sir William Legh, 
 of Baggiley, who did not marry till I359, long posterior to the birth of this Gilbert, and more- 
 over bore, for distinction, the bend, not Gules but Sable), and a second son, Robert, from 
 whom descended the family of Adiington, and mediately that of Lj'ine ; but there is no men- 
 tion of Gilbert, whom, notwithstanding, as he was clearly contemporary with the other two, 
 and bore that precise coat, which had never been assumed but by their father, I conclude, 
 without hesitation, to have been a third son of the same house. This omission is the less 
 extraordinary, as Sir Peter Leicester was left to gather his account of the Leghs, of Booths, 
 from collateral sources, having been refused the perusal of the fiimily evidences by the then 
 possessor. 
 
 Next occurs another difficulty in the descent of the Towneley family, which at this period 
 is a mass of confusion, crowding together no less than five generations within the compass of 
 thirty years; or, to shew the absurdity more stronglj', representing Cecilia de la Legh as having 
 a great great grand-daughter married within about forty years of her own marriage. W^ith such 
 precipitancy and indolence have the original evidences of this period been abstracted, and with 
 such heedlessness of obvious consequences have the pedigrees compiled from them been 
 transcribed again and again. 
 
 This can only be remedied by cutting out one whole descent ; that is, by removing Michael-}-, 
 who probably was a younger brother. There is the less improbability in this, as nothing is 
 known of the marriage of this person, and no superfluous number of wives remains to be 
 accounted for. 
 
 Again, this Gilbert, say the Towneley pedigrees, had two sons, John and Tliomas, and 
 that Thomas held one third of Towneley, and died 4G Edward III, 
 
 * Antiquities Breklow Hundred, passim. 
 
 f Michael De la Legh was uniformly supposed, by Cliristophcr Towneley, to be father of the first Gilbert j but, in 
 the charters to which he refers, the name of Michael is never mentioned : he was cvidt iitly a collateral. 
 
 Again,
 
 Book IV.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 275 
 
 Again, according to Thoresby, the oldest son of John was Thomas, from whom he traces 
 the Leghs of Middleton; and, according to the evidences of the Towneley family, (iilbert and 
 Richard were the sons of John. The fact seems to liave been, that each party thought them- 
 selves concerned to insert in the descent their own immediate ancestors, or tlie actual possessors 
 of their respective estates. If these conjectures are thought rash and improbable, let them not 
 be dismissed at once and without examination: they are the result of much thought, working 
 upon materials at once defective and confused, and tliey produce an arrangement which has at 
 least nothing to contradict it, and is perfectly consistent with chronology. 
 
 The whole hypothesis, however, will be rendered much more intelligible by the following 
 
 Pedigree of Legh, 
 
 Richard Legli *, of High Legh. 
 
 Agnes de Legh *■, 2d \vife.=pWilliam Venabies *. 
 
 I ' 
 
 John del Legh*, who took his mother's name, but retained the arms of Venables.rp 
 
 adding to tl>em a bend Gules for distinction. He purchased Booths, 28 Edw. I. I 
 
 I ■ 1 1 1 
 
 Sir John Legh,^Isabel*, his 2d wife, Robert*, 2d son, and first of 3dly, Gilbertf, who bore the same=f=. 
 
 of Booths *. 
 
 r-f 
 
 daughter of Sir Adlington, from whom a arms, with the same colours, as the 
 William Baggiley. younger son, Piers, ancestor first John, and is therefore sup- 
 of the Leghs, of Lyme. posed to be father of 
 
 Sir William Legh*, of Baggiley +, who bore the arms assumed by his grand- John §, ob. circ =pCecilia de 
 father, but with different colours, viz. Az. two bais Aig. a bend Sable. 4th Ed. HI. I Townley. 
 
 I .J 
 
 Gilbertl[, possessed=i= Alice, daughter of Robert Vernon, of 
 of Townlev, | Waiforth, eo. Cest. Thoresbv. 
 I 
 
 I.John ||.=pClarier, daughter of Thomas Fenton. 2d, Thomas||, possessed of one third part of Towneley, 4<) Edw. III. 
 
 r— ' 1 1 
 
 Thomas del Legh, ances- Gdbert,=Kath.-irine, daughter Richard del Legh, aIias=pHeIlen, daughter 
 
 tor of the Leglis of ob. s. p. Richard de Balder- Towneley, from whom I of 
 
 Middleton. ston. the present fannly. J\^ 
 
 * Sir Peter Leycester. ■ f From conjecture. 
 
 J The reader of old English poetry may recollect, that this statement apparently contradicts the ballad of Scottish 
 Field, quoted by Dr. Percy, vol.11, p. 278, where it is said of the writer, a Legh, 
 
 " At Bagiley that bearne 
 His hiding-place had 
 And his ancestors of old time 
 Have yearded ther long 
 Before William Conqueror 
 This cuntry did inhabit." 
 As we have seen that the Leghs did not become possessed of Bagiley till near three centuries after the Conquest, it is not 
 even true of his maternal ancestors, the Bagileys. The word yearded is supposed, by the learned Editor, to signify 
 buried, which indeed it sometimes does; but the Saxon eapbe generally imported to inhabit. So John i. .S8, bpa|i 
 eajibaj-c ))U — ro-a |U.E»Eif ; 
 
 § Townl. MSS. II Thoresby 's Due. Leod. p. 221, and Hopk. MSS. 
 
 % Since the above was written, I have, after many researches, been enabled to confirm the whole hypothesis of 
 the origin of the De la Leghs of Hapton, by positive e\idence ; with this single exception, that 1 had placed Gilbert, the 
 elder, one generation lower than 1 ought to have done, in the line of descent, as he was in fact uncle, and not brother 
 of Sir John Legh, the 2d of Booths. This circumstance is i)roved by the following charter, wliicii 1 h.id the batisfaction 
 of falling in with, in Randle Holme's Collections. — Harl. RISS. 2O70, p. (J2. " Ego Joh. fil. Joh. de Legh Miles quiet. 
 " clam. &c. &c. Testibus Dno. Wm. De Legh mil. Rob. de Legh, Petro de Legh, & Gilberto de Legh, avunculis meis." 
 1338, 12th Ed. III. apud Norbury Booths. 
 
 The
 
 276 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. 1. 
 
 On the verge of the Castle Clough, a deep and winding dingle, once shaded with 
 venerable oaks, are tiie small remain^ of the Castle of Hapton, the seat of its ancient lords ; 
 and, till the erection of Hapton Tower, the occasional residence of the De la Leghs and 
 Tovvneleys. 
 
 Besides the ancient park of Hapton, noticed above, here were two others of much later date, 
 successively imparked by Sir John Towneley ; the first, comparatively of small extent, consisting 
 of old enclosed lands, for which the licence bears date 12th Henry VH. ; but the second, which 
 was almost a complete enclosure of the open fields and wastes of the township, did not take 
 place till the year 15 14 or 1515, as appears from the Licentia imparcandi Campos de Hapton, 
 granted Johanni Towneley, vi'diti de corpore nostro, 6th Henry VHI. 
 
 This consisted of no less than 1100 Lancashire acres; and, after Knowlesley, appears to 
 have been the largest park in the county. 
 
 The deer of this park had been destroyed before the year 1615, though it was not di- 
 vided into tenements before the beginning of the present century. To this active and long- 
 lived knight, of whom there are more memorials than any of his family, is to be ascribed the 
 building of Hapton Tower, where he spent his later days, and died in 1539 or I540. Here, 
 too, died Jane Assheton, relict of his descendant Richard Townley, Esq. in 1637. The tower 
 was inhabited in i66t, but is now destroyed to the foundation *. 
 
 Within the contiguous demesne of Habergham, is an hollow in the ground, which tra- 
 dition points out as a pit-fall, dug for impounding the stray deer when the two families of 
 Towneley and Habergham lived upon terms of bad neighbourhood together. 
 
 This was an old and well-known contrivance for stealing deer ; for, in the Court of Swain- 
 mote, (see Manwode's Forest Laws, p. 482,) the 27th article of enquiry was, " Item, whether 
 " any man have any great close within three miles of the forest that have any saltaries or great 
 
 The following evidences will shew that Gilbert had a son, John ; and will, at the same time, afford strong grounds 
 for supposing that their connection with the Abbey of Stanlaw led them to follow the steps of that Society when they 
 were translated to Whalley ; for I find that, in 1295, the year before the translation, G. (Gregory de Norbury), abbot 
 of Stanlaw, grants to Gilbert de Legh, and John his son and heir, or the survivor of them — " Qualibet septimani 8 
 •■' conventuales panes et totidem lagenas cervisiie vel xiid. et garcioni suo xiv panes de tret. — Apud Stanlaw : test. Symone 
 " Nowell et Rogero frat. suo." 
 
 And in the next place (14 Edw. III. or 1311.) Robert de Topcliflfc, Abbot of Whalley, confirms the above corrody 
 to John, son of Gilbert del Legh, who was living, as we have seen above, in 1338; but was now, we may suppose, 
 recently dead. He certainly lived to extreme old age. 
 
 This was the foundation of a friendly intercourse between the De la Leghs and the Abbey of Whalley, of which 
 there are many traces upon the records of the latter. In one instance it appears, that they borrowed an hundred pounds 
 sterling of Gilbert del Legh, in order to lend it again to Tliomas, Earl of Lancaster. A Gilbert del Legh was among 
 the number of the earlier monks ; but the old connection was remembered to a much later period : — the chantry-house 
 and garden at Burnley, founded by Sir John Townley, were leased for that purpose by Abbot Holden, a( a trifling rent. 
 I find Abbot Read upon a visit at Townley in 1 4S0 ; and, upon the dissolution of the house, the family procured, as a 
 token of respect, many of the sacred vestments for the use of their own chapel, where they still remain. 
 
 * I have conversed with two aged persons, who describe the ruins of Hapton Tower, as it stood about the year 
 
 1725,^ to have been about si.x yards high. It appeared to have been a large square building, and had on one side the 
 
 remains of three cylindrical towers, with conical basements. There were then several dwellings, patched up out of the 
 
 out -buildings, &c. It also aiipeared to have had two principal entrances, opposite to each other, with a thorough lobby 
 
 betwetn, and not to have surrounded a (luadrangle. Rounders were certainly in use as late as the time of Sir John 
 
 Townley, as ex. gr. in Henry Vlllth's clumsy fortifications on the South coast of England. 
 
 gaps,
 
 Book IV.— Chap. L] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 277 
 
 " gaps, called deer lopes, to receive deer into them when they be in chasing, and when they are 
 " in them they cannot get out again." 
 
 From a survey of the manor of Hapton, made by order of the Parliament Commissioners, 
 when it was under sequestration after the death of Charles Townley, Esq. who was killed at 
 Marston Moor, it appears, " That the whole number of acres withm the manor is 1857 : the 
 rents ^.21 S. 10*. id. besides fines and foregifts, as was mostly let upon lives. 
 
 " That the Lord had a right to keep a Court (Baron) twice a year ; but that this right had 
 " not then been exercised for the last forty years. 
 
 " That by the custom of the manor, when a tenant dies, the rent is doubled, and paid to 
 " the lord as a relief. 
 
 " That the owner of High Shuttleworth pays to the Lord five broad arrow-heads, worth 
 " xxrf. and viii*. xrf. in money, 
 
 " That the owner of the Green pays to the Lord ivs. and one pair of spurs one year, and 
 " IVS. ixd. and no spurs the next*." 
 
 Near the summit of the park, and where it declines to the South, are the remains of a large 
 pool, through which tradition reports that the deer were driven by their keepers in the manner 
 still practised in the park at Lyme. It is impossible not to be struck with a mixture of ancient 
 simplicity and splendour, in this once favoured residence of the family, where, from the 
 windows of their castellated mansion, high and bleak, with no eyes for landscape, and little 
 feeling of cold, they could survey, with undiminished pleasure, vast herds of deer, sheep, and 
 cattle, grazing in a park of ten miles in circumference, where, like the " old courtier, who 
 never hunted but in his own grounds," they could enjoy the pleasures of the chace without in- 
 terruption or intrusion, and whence they derived inexhaustible supplies of that plain hospi- 
 tality which never consumed a great estate. Modern eyes, however, will not wonder at the 
 final desertion of Hapton for Townley. 
 
 * In order to save the trouble of perpetual references, let it be understood that nearly the whole account of this 
 manor and township has been compiled from evidences in the possession of the family. 
 
 CHAP-
 
 278 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. H. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 PORTIONS OF THE PARISH 
 
 LYING BETWEEN 
 
 PENDLE AND RIBBLE. 
 
 W E now return to a beautiful and interesting tract of country, on which the eye, the 
 memory, and the imagination repose with equal delight. It is a tract, the fertihty of which 
 rendered it one of the earliest objects of appropriation and culture, the residence of our first 
 Norman lords, or the reward of their most favoured followers. 
 
 I do not often, or of choice, deviate into mineralogical investigations ; but the distinct and 
 peculiar character of this tract, seems to invite and to deserve inquiry. 
 
 It is well known, that the large tract of Lancashire to the South abounds with coals, iron, 
 and other kindred minerals ; and that its soil in general is only a decomposition of the minerals 
 originally exposed upon the surface, and therefore accompanied with a set of native plants 
 adapted to itself. Of these, bent grass is the most prevalent, and still clothes the uncultivated 
 hills and commons with its own uniform and cheerless brown. But, upon the skirts of Pendle, 
 and through the townships of Whalley, Read, Simonstone, and Padiham, a very singular phae- 
 nomenon appears, wliich is this, that whereas the mineral beds of Lancashire preserve a ge- 
 neral inclination nearly from East to West of one foot in five, and thence to one foot in seven; 
 here on a sudden the crust of the earth appears to have undergone a violent disruption, in con- 
 sequence of which the edges of the beds are thrown up into the air, and downward towards 
 the centre of the earth. At an angle of no less than forty-five degrees to the horizon, imme- 
 diately beyond this appearance, rises the huge mass of Pendle, which seems to have beetv 
 thrown up by the same convulsion ; and immediately to the North again, appears a surface of 
 lime-stone, with its concomitant system of plants and minerals, which, had the strata to the 
 South maintained their natural position, must have lain at a vast depth beneath. The effect of 
 this convulsion is felt over a tract of forty miles to the North, scarcely a seam of coal being 
 found before we arrive at Burton in Lonsdale. Whatever may be thought of this theory, the 
 fact at least is certain ; and it serves also to shew how much more the character of a country is 
 determined by soil, than by climate, since, on the North of Pendle, and even on a declivity to 
 the North, we see wheat, peas, beans, and other the usual productions of a more southern 
 
 husbandry,
 
 Book IV^— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 279 
 
 husbandry, ripening at least in favourable seasons ; while, on the South, upon a dedivity also, 
 the hardy black out itself is often indebted to the frosts of November for all that resembles 
 maturity about it. 
 
 This portion of the parish will be treated of under the heads of Clitheroe and Downham, 
 with their respective dependencies. 
 
 CLITHEROE, 
 
 Distinguished by its bold and insulated rock of limestone, crowned with the keep of its 
 ancient castle, is a borough bj' prescription, of considerable but uncertain antiquity. It is an 
 hybrid word, of that species which so often occurs in the composition of proper names where a 
 final syllable is frequently added to describe a place, of which the original appellation is become 
 unintelligible from change of language. Great and strongly-marked natural objects frequently 
 retain some portion of their aboriginal names ; and of this we have an instance in the word 
 Cliderhow, Cled-dwr *, the hill or rock by the water, being pure British, and how, the expla- 
 natory syllable, importing an hill also, in the Saxon language. 
 
 It is not probable that a situation so well adapted to the Saxon mode of defence, would 
 remain unoccupied in those early times; of this fact, however, there is no positive evidence; 
 but there is evidence the most direct and incontrovertible to prove the Castle and Chapel of St. 
 Michael within it, of much higher antiquity-}- than that which is usually assigned to it on 
 the authority of MS. G. 9, Cant, in the Bodleian Library, namely, the year 11 79, in the 
 time of Rob. de Lacy the second ; for, in the charter of Hugh Delaval, express mention is 
 made Capellce Castri de Cliderhow. Now llbert de Lacy the second, who was uncle of Robert, 
 re-obtained his inheritance from Delaval in the beginning of the reign of Stephen. I should 
 therefore incline to assign the building of the Castle to Rob. de Lacy the first, in the reign of 
 Rufus, and to suppose a mistake in the iEra, rather than in the name of the founder \. 
 
 It is evident, however, that Henrv de Lacy the first, who died some time after the year 
 1 147, granted the first charter to the burgesses of Clitheroe ; and from a quo warranto, brouglit 
 against the last Henry de Lacy, earl of Lincoln, 20th Edward I. it ajjpears that he prescribed 
 for a market at Clitheroe from the Conquest, and claimed a fair at Maudlin-day, by grant of 
 the 4th of John. 
 
 The following charter of the said earl not being extant in the records of the borough, is 
 given from an inspeximus and confirmation in the Tower records, 1st Henry V. 
 
 " Henricus de Lacy, &c. Noveritis nos concessisse et hoc praesenti scripto confirmasse liberis 
 Burgensibus nostris de Clyderhovv omnia burgagia sua, terras suas, tenementa sua cum omnibus 
 
 * Perhaps it may be derived with greater jjrobability from Isl. (which is the Old Danish) Klcttur rupes, cautes, et 
 howe colUs. Vide Runolp. lonam. Gramm. Isl. in voce Kleiltir. 
 
 + 1 am now enabled to pro\e that it was erected before the Lacies became possessed of Blackburnshire. For, in the 
 Domesday Survey, Bernoldwick is said to be " in Castellatu Rogeri Pictaviensis." And long after this, it was a matter 
 of dispute whether Bernoklswick were or were not within Blackburnshire. The word can refer to nothing but tlie 
 Castle of Clitheroe, for at this time Lancaster did not belong to Roger of Poitou, neithei- was the Castle of that place 
 yet founded. 
 
 + /it/ep. 184. 
 
 pertinentiis
 
 2«Q HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap II. 
 
 pertinentiis suis, infra villam de Clyderhovv et extra, cum omnibus suis libertatibus commodita- 
 tibus et aisiamentis, &c. excepto bosco nostro de Salthill in quo nullum habebunt commeatum nee 
 ingressum. Ita tamen quod dictum boscum sepe vel fossa includant, ita quod animalia dictorum 
 burgensium in eo ingredi non possint. Et si per defectum clausurae ingrediantur sine imparca- 
 mento foris mittantur. Concessimus etiam et confirmavimus dictis burgensibus omnes liber- 
 tates et liberas consuetudines quas liabent ex done et concessione Henrici de Lacy antecessoris 
 nostri, illas scilicet quas liberi burgenses Cestriae habcnt, &c. Concessimus etiam et confir- 
 mavimus dictis Burgensibus firmam villae de Clyderhow, et placita curiae ejus villae, cum exitibus 
 et amerciamentisj &c. Excepto quocunque Thelonio quod ad opus nostrum et heredum nos- 
 trorum retinuimus, et salvis nobis et heredibus nostris querelis et transgressionibus factis fami- 
 liaribus nostris per eosdem Burgenses vel aliquos in dicta villa, scilicet in eorum corporibus. 
 Qui deliquerint facient emendam coram senescallo vel Ballivo nostro secundum leges terroe. 
 Dedimus etiam et concessimus dictis burgensibus turbariam ad turbas capiendas et ardendas in 
 Backsholfe, &c." 
 
 By Inquisition taken A.D. 1240, after the death of Edmund de Lacy, the last earl but 
 one, it was found that there were in Clitheroe sixty-six free burgesses : a very considerable 
 number in those days of slender population. And, after the death of Henry, the last earl^ 
 A.D. 1311, was found as follows: 
 
 Castle mote et Joss val. nihil. 
 
 Orchard -------____ 
 
 20 acres demised to tenants at will ------ 
 
 4^ acres of meadow ---.__-- 
 
 Water mill -______--_ 
 
 Toll of the fair on Mary Magdalen's day ----- 
 
 One tenement 20 A. 3 R. demised to a tenant for life - - - 
 Advowson of the Chapel (St. Michael in Castro) * - - - 
 Free court __-.------ 
 
 Burgesses for all the burgage houses, and the rest of the town in 
 fee farm ---------- 
 
 Sum, besides the Chapel -------- 
 
 In Standen a capital messuage val. nih. 80 acres in demesne - 
 36 acres of meadow -------- 
 
 An enclosed pasture -------- 
 
 In the archives of the town are letters patent of Henry IV. A. R. 11°, annulling a fair held 
 in the church-yard of Whalley, (a practice hardly abolished after the reformation), which, as 
 it gave offence to the Abbot and Convent, was by other letters patent, transferred to Clitheroe, 
 and appointed to be held on the eve, day, and morrow of the Annunciation. 
 
 * Afterwards recovered by the Abbot and Convent of Whalley. 
 
 In 
 
 £■ 
 
 , s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 

 
 BooKlV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 281 
 
 In charters without date, I have met with the following names, some not much posterior 
 to the Conquest, which merit preservation for their antiquity :—Lambertus niedicus de Clyder- 
 how, which shews the importance of the place, as affording practice to a physician at a very 
 early period ; probably, from circumstances, in the time of Henry I. ; Hugh * fil. Thomze 
 Hugh fil. Karnewath, praetores or bailiffs, Gospatric Mercenarius, Magister Peter Receptor,' 
 Alan Pistor. The town had probably a common oven, with a soke, as was usual in ancient 
 times. 
 
 At the northern extremity of the town is an ancient mansion called the Alleys, which was 
 the manor house of the family of Cliderhow, and afterwards, by marriage with an heiress of 
 that family, of the Radcliffes of Wimbersleyf, at least as early as 1332. It appears to have 
 been a strong tower-built house, of which some remains exist at present, and more are remem- 
 bered ; and the whole, together with a large enclosure behind, has been surrounded by a deep 
 moat. The demesne appertaining to this mansion consisted of sixty-four Lancashire acres in- 
 cluding a small park of fourteen acres, called Salthill-hey Park, and was sometimes conveyed 
 as the manor of Cliderhow. The Ratcliffes of Wimmersley, and of this place, who bore in 
 addition to the paternal coat, an escallop shell Gules, by way of difference, were undoubtedly 
 descended from the house of Ratcliffe, as they were last remainder men in the entail of the 
 manors of Ratcliffe and Oswaldtwisle |, A. D. I502, in failure of the lines of Fitzwalter and 
 Farmdon ; and, from a younger son of a younger son of this branch, sprung a third family of 
 Ratcliffes §, who, by marriage with the heiress of Dervventwater, in the time of Henry V. be- 
 came progenitors of another noble but unfortunate house. Thus the two illustrious branches 
 of Sussex and Derwentwater are for the first time connected together. To this house also 
 belongs the South choir in the church of Clitheroe, where, till within the last thirty years, were 
 remaining two cuinbent statues of a knight and lady in alabaster, always said by tradition to 
 belong to the Ratcliffes, and most probably intended to represent Sir Richard Radcliffe, who 
 died 19th Henry VI. and Catherine, his wife, daughter of Booth, of Barton. There was a 
 Sir Richard Radcliffe near a century before, (and these were the only persons of the family who 
 attained to knightly rank), but the armour on this statue was entirely of plate, whereas a figure 
 of the earlier part of the 14th century would have been clad in linked mail. 
 
 A certain msigne of Knighthood on the statue was a large hood upon the shoulders, which 
 belonged to that rank as well as the Doctorate, a literary knighthood. The reader of Chaucer 
 vnll recollect, 
 
 " And, for he was a knight auntrous. 
 
 He nonulde sleepen in none house. 
 
 But liggen in his hode." 
 
 Rhyme of Sir Thopas. 
 
 * 1 liave seen a very ancient charter relating to Clitheroe, witliout date, but neglected at the time to make a me- 
 morandum of tlu' jiarties names, in which a son having changed his purpose, invests in tlie purchase of an estate one 
 mark which liis father had given him to defray his expences on a pilgrimaee to Jerusalem. 
 
 t " Raudeclif of Wimmerlaw, a mile from Garston, hath his place at Wimmerlaw." Leland, vol, IV. p. 92. 
 
 J Vide Oswaldtwisle. 
 
 § For this information I am indebted to an anonymous writer in the European Magazine, from whom 1 hoi)e for 
 farther particulars. 
 
 2 o belongs
 
 28a HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap, II. 
 
 But the ground which this monument covered being wanted for a modern pew, the two statues 
 were barbarously interred, with their faces downward, beneath the floor, and are now inaccessible 
 to the draughtsman. Of the ancient family de Cliderhow, who, as principal burgesses, resided 
 here from the earliest times, and seem to have fled for independence to the opposite extremity of 
 the borough from the castle, after the use which the compilers of the Lancashire pedigrees have 
 made of their evidences, it were in vain without access to these archives, even to attempt an 
 account. Their representation of the Ratcliffes in their diflbrent branches is sufficiently perplexed ; 
 but that of the Clitheroes is '•' confusion worse confounded." To crowd eight generations into the 
 space of ninety years, and, after much investigation, to leave it uncertain whether a man were 
 younger than his great grandfather, was reserved for the acumen of these compilers, whose 
 anachronisms have been transcribed again and again in all that unsuspecting repose of mind 
 which belongs to laborious dulness. Thus much, however, is certain, that a Radcliffe, of 
 Wimmersley, became possessed of this estate by marriage with an heiress of the Clitheroes. A 
 Thomas de Radcliffe, of Clitheroe, appears in the Assheton MSS. A. D. I332, and our com- 
 pilers have given to Rich. Radcliffe, of Ordsall, in the time of Edward III. a second wife 
 Sibyl, daughter of Rob. de Clitheroe: if we transfer this lady to Richard de Radclifle, of 
 Wimmersley, who appears to have been father of the above Thomas, chronology will be 
 somewhat violated, but his residence at Clitheroe will be accounted for ; if we assign her to Sir 
 Richard, the grandson, the times accord ; but no reas(m appears for the latter circumstance. 
 There can, however, be little doubt, that the marriage of this Sibyl was the connecting link 
 between the two families ; and, for the earlier part of the genealogy, I abandon it in despair *. 
 
 * On reviewing this strange conipilation, with some mirth and more spleen, I am convinced that here are eight 
 
 buclaam men grown out of three .' for my unerring guide, tlie Coucher Book, furnishes only three names, and in the 
 
 following order: 
 
 Hugh de Cliderhow. 
 
 I 
 Sir Adam. 
 
 I 
 Robert. 
 
 The intermarriages of these are known, and the wi^es of the two last \vcre named Cicely and Sibil ; but in this de- 
 scent, another Sir Adam and another Sir Robert occur, who married respectively a Cicely and Sibil also; and of four 
 intermediate generations, there is only one whose wife's name is even guessed at, and she was Cicely too ; again, of 
 these insititious generations, three are Hughs. Lastly, from this account. Sir Adam Clitheroe the first, lived in the 
 time of Edward I. j and Hugh, who is placed fifth in descent from him, had a widow married to Sir Adam de Black- 
 burn, who lived in the reign of Edward I. also. For these reasons, 1 conclude the first and second Adam and Robert 
 to have been the same ; and the three intermediate Hughs to have grown out of one, by finding the same name in 
 different charters, and perhaps at intervals which one long life will allow. 
 
 The
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 283 
 
 The following is a descent of this family, taken from the Lancashire pedigrees, but with 
 several additions and coiTections : 
 
 Thomas RadclifFe, of Clitlicroe, 
 probably son of Richard, living 
 1332. 
 
 r -■■ 
 
 Sir Richaid Raddiffe, ste\vard=^ 
 of Blackbiirnshire, 1333. j 
 , . I 
 
 Thomas RatclifFe,=p 
 steward 1385, &c. | 
 
 1 
 
 Sir Richard Ratcliffe,=pKatharine, daughter of Booth, 
 
 occurs 1451, died of Barton, Esq. 
 
 died 19 Henry VI. 
 
 I 
 
 Richard RadclifFe, died:^ 
 
 about 16 Edward IV. | 
 
 r ^ 
 
 Richai'd RadclifFe, died=pHellen, daughter of Mr. 
 before his father. I Richard Balderston. 
 
 Richard RatclifFe, Esq. master forester ofi^:. 
 Blackburnshire, died 13 Henry VII. 
 
 Thomas RadclifFe, Esq.=pAlice, daughter of Gerard, 
 
 died 13 Henry Vlll. | of Brynne, Esq. 
 
 _L 
 
 I I 
 
 1. Alice, daughter^Thomas RadclifFe. ='i. Isabel, daughter 1. Thomas FarringLon,=CiceIy.=2. Edwaid Ratclifl'e, 
 
 of . . . . Redinan, I of John Butler, Gent. Esq. of Todmorden. 
 
 Esq. I of llawclifF, Esq. 
 
 I 
 
 I 1 
 
 William Ratcliffe, Esq.=:Anne, daughter of Anne.=Sir Gilbert Gerrard, 
 died s. p. 3 Elizabeth. Sir John Holcroft. Master of the Rolls. 
 
 In the 3d of Elizabeth, William RatclifFe, of Astley, Esq. * settled his manors of Astley, 
 Wimbersley, and Clitheroe, upon the issue of Anne his niece, wife of Sir Gilbert Gerrard, 
 whose son. Sir Thomas Gerrard, first baron of Gerrards Bromley, sold the manor house called 
 Alleys, to Hesketh, of Martholme, Gent. 44th Elizabeth, since which time it has fre- 
 quently changed masters. -I" 
 
 In the 36th Edward III. the burgesses of Clitheroe vested fourteen burgage houses in John 
 de Gristhwaite, vicar of Blackburn, iu trust for the abbey and convent of Whalley, to find an 
 additional monk. 
 
 The use of these burgage houses, with their large accretions, in later days, has been not to 
 find a monk at Whalley^ but a member at Westminster. 
 
 The manor house of the Dineleys, at this place, was, in 1454, called Le Wyverres ; but 
 the name and site are now alike forgotten. 
 
 * Assheton MSS. 
 
 t The elaborate pedigree, drawn by my friend William Radclyfife, esq. Rouge Croi.\, and annexed to this account, will 
 almost supersede all remarks on the subject. 
 
 CH.4PEL
 
 284 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 Chapel of St, Mary Magdalen, 
 
 In the town, as contradistinguished from that of St. Michael in the Castle, a foundation of 
 very high antiquity, and expressly mentioned in Delaval's charter. It is parochial ; and, as 
 the Castle Chapel never had a csemetery, was the place of interment for all the ancient inha- 
 bitants of the forests, some of whom were compelled to bring their dead almost twenty miles, 
 a very serious inconvenience in such a climate, and with roads almost impassable *. The 
 building has nothing remarkable, excepting the fine Saxon arch betwixt the nave and quire, 
 one of the oldest remains of architecture in the parish, and a complete specimen of the style 
 which prevailed till the time of Henry I. The North Chapel was appropriated to Great Mear- 
 ley ; but has no memorials of the RadclifFes, many of whom were interred there. 
 
 The following inscription upon a brass plate against the South wall of the nave, commemo- 
 rates the learned and judicious Webster, who, though he had sagacity to detect the absurdities 
 of witchcraft, was yet a dupe to the follies of judicial astrology : -f- 
 
 " Qui banc figuram intelligunt 
 Me etiam intellexisse, intelligent." 
 
 [I am not one of the intelligent, and must therefore be content to give this mysterious 
 diagram as I received it, for the edification of true adepts.] 
 
 * See the petition for the foundation of Newchurch in Rossendale. 
 
 t Webster, though a practitioner in physic, was in holy orders. He published, 1st, The History of Metallurgy, i. e. 
 of the Signs of Minerals, of their Vegetabihty, of the Philosopher's Gold, Mercury, Alcahest, &c. 4to. London, 1671. 
 'id, A Display of supposed Witchcraft. In the register of this place is the following entry : " Dr. John Webster, of 
 Clitherow, buried June 21st, 1682." 
 
 Hie
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 285 
 
 " Hie jacet ignotus mundo, mersusque tumultu 
 Invidiae, semper mens tamen aequa fuit, 
 Multa tulit veterum ut sciret secreta sophorum, 
 Ac tandem vires noverit ignis aquae. 
 
 " Johannes H)'phantes sive Webster, 
 In villa Spinosa supermontana, in * 
 Parochia silvae cuculatse, in agro 
 Eboracensi, natus iGlO Feb. 3, 
 Ergastuiiini aninia? deposuit 1G82, Junii 18, 
 Annoq. cetatis suae 72 currente. 
 Sicq. peroravit nioriens mundo huic valedicens, 
 Aurea pax vivis, requies aeterna sepultis." 
 A mural monument, near the altar, records that upright lawyer and amiable man, Mr. Ser- 
 jeant Aspinall, in the following lines : 
 
 " Near this place are deposited the remains of Jno. Aspinall, Esq. of Standen, Serjeant at 
 Law, and in the Commission of the Peace for the Counties of York and Lancaster. He 
 married Maria, daughter of Maghull Yates, Esq. by Elizabeth, daughter of Humphrey 
 Traffbrd, Esq. of TrafFord, and died March 1, 1784, aged 68. 
 " Mildness and candor dwelt within his mind. 
 He lov'd the good, and felt for all mankind ; 
 Tho' vice still found him a determin'd foe, 
 Yet pity wept, 'ere justice gave the blow ; 
 When poverty complain'd, by pride opprest. 
 Her cries he heard, her injuries redress'd; 
 'Mongst other cares, religion found a part. 
 And claim'd a secret interest in his heart; 
 He own'd its solemn truths, and fill'd with awe. 
 Let Christian meekness smooth the front of law. 
 And 'midst the clamours of forensic war, 
 His mind would muse on heaven's impartial bar: 
 At heaven's last judgment may his actions plead. 
 And meet that mercy which the best will need; 
 Nor wealth, nor art, can there evade the laws. 
 Where God is judge, and truth shall plead the cause. 
 
 " Mortal ! attend, and let this friendly stone. 
 Record his death, and warn thee of thy own ; 
 Let not his virtues with his ashes rest. 
 Transplant them hence, and wear them in thy breast. 
 " His widow, out of regard to his memory, erected this monument." 
 
 Opposite to this is about to be erected a mural monument (by Westmacott) to the late 
 Mr. Wilson, the expence of which the affection of his pupils contributed to defray. At their 
 
 * That is, 1 suppose, at Thornton on the Hill, in the parish of t'uwvoU. 
 
 request
 
 286 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 request the talents and virtues of Mr. Wilson are attempted to be recorded in the following 
 inscription, by the Author of this Work. 
 
 A . ^ . i2. 
 
 THOMjE WILSON, S. T. B. 
 
 ecclesi.'e de claughton rectori, 
 
 sacellorum de clitheroe et downham ministro, 
 
 et in vicing gvmnasio 
 
 per annos ferme duo de ftuadraginta 
 
 literarum humaniorum magistro, 
 
 absaue fuco aut fasto erudito, 
 
 juventuti sine plagis regend/e nato, 
 
 et inter docendum male dicere, aut s^vire nescio, 
 
 (voce, vultu, indole placidissimis) 
 
 aUI, PLURIMIS IN ECCLESIAM INaUE R. p. DISCIPULIS EMISSIS, 
 
 NEMINEM NON Sllil SODALEM ALlEXERAT, 
 
 NEMINE NON USUS EST AMICO, 
 
 AB IISDEM UNDEaUAaUE CONGREGATIS 
 
 GRATO aUOTANNIS EXCEPTUS CONVIVIO 
 
 (hEU ! NUNaUAM REDITURO) 
 
 CONVICTOR IPSE JUCUNDISSIMUS, 
 
 SERMONE COMPTO, FACETO, VERBORUM LUSIBUS CEU SCINTILLULIS NITENTI, 
 
 INNOCUO TAMEN, COMI, PIO. 
 
 ANNOS NATO LXV DENATO 
 
 V NON. MART. A.D. MDCCCXIII. 
 
 SEPULTO BOLTON^ JUXTA BOVVLAND 
 
 PROPE CONJUCEM PR.I:REPTAM, 
 
 CCENOTAPHIUM, 
 
 UBI VIVUS FLORUERAT, 
 
 L. L. M. P. P. 
 
 DISCIPULI. 
 
 Near the North West corner of the nave is a mural monument, with this inscription : 
 
 D. O. M. 
 Hie situs est 
 
 THOMAS ARTHUR SOUTHWELL, VICECOMES SOUTHWELL, &C. 
 
 de Regno Hiberniae. 
 
 Nobilis natu, et virtutibus clarus, 
 
 fervidam fidem ornavit eximia morum suavitate, 
 
 et effusa liberalitate in pauperes: 
 
 Desideriuin praegressae ad Christum conjugis 
 
 non ferens ; paucis post diebus extinctus est 
 
 Idibus Feb. An. Dom. mdccxcvi: aetatis liv. 
 
 Hoc in tumulo pariter conditur 
 
 tam digni viri optima conjux 
 
 SOPHIA
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 287 
 
 SOPHIA MARIA JOSEPHA WALSH, 
 
 filia FR.\NCisci JAC. WALSH, comitatus de Serrant, 
 
 in regno Franciae. 
 
 Obiit prid. Id. Januarii, cum vixisset annos xxxix. 
 
 Decori, et ainahUes in villi sud, 
 
 In 7Horfe qitoque, non snnt divisi. 
 
 R. R. I. P.* 
 
 Chaplains of St. Mary Magdalen's, in Clitheroe. 
 Hugo Capellanus de Clyderhow, ") by deeds without date, but contemporary with 
 Petrus Caps, de Clyderhow, J GeofFry, dean of Whalley, or Henry H. 
 
 Henricus Clericus de Clj'derhow, 
 
 Dns. Johannes, fil. Hen. Cap. de Clyderhow, Capellanus 13 Edward HI. 
 
 Henry de Mitton Capel. Paroch de Clyderhow _ _ _ _ 1379 
 
 William Slater Capellanus de Cliderhow - - _ _ _ _ 1551 
 
 Sir William Caton -}-, of Clitheroe, priest, ob. circ. - - - - 1558 
 
 Edward Lawson ------____ 156*9 
 
 Marty n D^-ckson - - - - - - - - - - 158S 
 
 William Richardson ---______ uncertain 
 
 Robert Marsden - - - - - - - - - - 16.57 
 
 William Banckes ------_--_ 1672 
 
 Stephen More ---_______ 1696 
 
 Thomas Taylor occurs 1701, buried _..__._ I737 
 
 James Cowgill ---_--____ 1743 
 
 James Ring, D. D. afterwards dean of Raphoe, entered ;{: - - 1743 
 
 Thomas Wilson, B. D. ________ 1775 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Robert Heath, A. M. 
 
 Sir Nathanael Curzon, bart. about the year I720, augmented this parochial chapel, as well 
 as Downham, Newchurch in Pendle, Altham, and Church, with benefactions of ^.200 each, 
 in consequence of which the advowson and right of presentation to all those churches or chapels, 
 is vested in the guardian of the Hon. Penn Assheton Curzon. 
 
 Adjoining to the church-yard is the Grammar School, endowed by king Philip and Oueen 
 Mary, and of which the statutes were given by Bishop Bridgeman. This is one of the few 
 foundations, which, in the present rage of commercial innovation, has been able in any degree 
 to preserve its original character as a classical seminary. 
 
 * These amiable persons lived for some time, and died, at Standen. They were interred opposite to the monument 
 in the south-west corner of the church. 
 
 t I am not quite certain whether Caton was chaplain of St. Michael in the Castle, or St. Magdalen in the Town. 
 His will, in which he bequeaths his effects to a natural child, by name, without a symptom either of shame or sorrow, 
 though he declares himself to be then sick and weak in body, bears date 155S. The consciences of priests appear to 
 have been at rest in concubinage. 
 
 t During his incumbency was born at Clitheroe, in the house now the Brownlow's .\rms. Dr. Walker King, his 
 son, the present Bishop of Rochester. 
 
 it
 
 283 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 The following is an Abstract of the Foundation Charter of this School, which contains 
 some rurions particulars : 
 
 " Philip and Mary. &c. To all to whom these our present Letters Patent shall come, health. 
 
 " Know ye that we, at the humble petition, as well of the inhabitants of the towne of 
 Clitherow and parish of Whalley, in the county of Lancaster, as others very many more of our 
 subjects of the whole countrey neighbouring there, for a Grammar School in Clitherow, within 
 the parish of Whalley, to be erected and established, for teaching, bringing up, and instruct- 
 ing of boys and young men, of our special grace, &c. grant and ordain, that from henceforth 
 there shall be one grammar-school of Mary Oueene of England ; and that school we erect, 
 create, ordain, and by these presents found, of one Teacher or Master, and one Under Master 
 or substitute, for ever. And that our intention aforesaid may take effect, we will and ordain 
 that lands, tenements, rents, and reversions, to the upholding and sustaining of the said school, 
 shall be granted, assigned, and appointed: and for the better continuing and governing of the 
 same school, that there be, and shall be, six of the most discrete and approved inhabitants of the 
 towne of Clitherow and parish of Whalley aforesaid, from time to time, who shall be, and shall 
 be called. Governors of the Possessions and Revenues of the said School. 
 
 " Know ye, therefore, that we have assigned, elected, named, and constituted, our well- 
 beloved, Richard Greenacres, Alexander Houghton, Gyles Parker, Edward Radcliffe, Thomas 
 Greenacres, and James Aspden, inhabitants within the town of Clitherow and parish of 
 Whalley, to be the first rulers and governors of the possessions, revenues, and goods, of the 
 said school. And we will and ordain, that whenever it shall happen any governors of the said 
 free-school to die, or elsewhere out of the said towne of Clitherow and parish of Whalley to 
 departe, it shall be lawful for the rest, or the greater part of them, another fit person, or other 
 fit persons, successively to elect and name. 
 
 " And we have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant, to the governors 
 aforesaid, all our whole Rectory of Alnionbury, in the county of Yorke, lately belonging and 
 appropriated to Jesus College in Rotherham, and all and singular messuages, burgages, lands, &c. 
 
 situate, lying, and being, in Thornton, Draghton, Easby, Skipton, and in the 
 
 county of Yorke, late belonging to the late dissolved chantry of St, Nicholas, in the county of 
 Yorke. Excepting, however, out of the present grant, all tenths, parcel of the rectory aforesaid, 
 issuing and to issue within the townes of Woodsome and Ferneley, in the said parish, now or 
 late in the occupation of Arthur Kaye, in as ample manner and forme as any warden, governor, 
 or master, of the said College, or incumbent of the said late Chantr^', or any of them, had 
 held or enjoyed the same. Which said rents, messuages, lands, &c. are now extended to the 
 
 clear yearly value of xx/. and xxr/. 
 
 " Witness ourselves, at Hampton Courte, the xxix day of 
 
 August, in the 1st and 2d yeare of our reign." 
 Within this borough, though beyond the Ribble, and of the foundation of its earliest burgesses, 
 was an Hospital of Lepers, dedicated to St. Nicholas, and unnoticed by any writer on monastic 
 
 antiquities : tliis was the 
 
 DoMus Leprosorum pe Edisforth. 
 
 Whatever may have been the origin of that loathsome disease, the Elephantiasis in England, 
 
 whether it were contracted by some of the earlier crusaders, or, which is more probable, arose 
 
 from want of cleanliness, and the exclusive use of salted animal food, during great part of the year, 
 
 it
 
 BookIV— Chap. 11] HISTORY OF WHALLF.Y. 
 
 289 
 
 it seems to have been confounded by our ancestors with the unclean leprosy of the Mosaic law, 
 and to have condemned the unhappy subjects of it to all the inconveniences of a \ega\ separa- 
 tion. In this view retreats were charitably provided for lepers in various parts of the kingdom. 
 And as the hospital of Edisforth was founded exclusively for the use of the borouirh of Clitheroe, 
 and the state of population in those early times can never have been very considerable, it seems 
 to prove the complaint to have been extremely common. 
 
 The first memorial of this foundation is a charter without date*, which implies the prior 
 existence of the hospital, and in which John, son of Ralph de Cliderhow, grants three acres 
 of land in Sidhill " Leprosis de Edisforth." 
 
 Perhaps, however, the next charter, equally without date, may contest the claim of anti- 
 quity with the former, and will ascertain a very early warden nowhere mentioned besides: 
 Orme de Hammerton grants " Deo, S. Nich. Domui de Edisforth et fratribus leprosis ibm 
 " conversantibus cum Reginaldo, duas acras super Schetill." 
 
 In the next place Roger de Lacy, Const. Cest. who died in 1211 *, for the health of his 
 soul and those of his ancestors, gives to the same four acres of land in Baldwinhill. Walter de 
 Grimshaw, warden, appears to have died about the 10th of Edward II. when Ric. de Edisforth* 
 was presented by the earl of Lancaster. In his time there were no lepers, a proof that the com- 
 plaint was on the decline, and he was sued for dilapidation and waste. Whether any other 
 warden was presented after him I know not; but in 24th Edward III. the house having now 
 neither warden nor brethren, Hugh de Clitheroe *, bailiff, entreated the abbot and convent of 
 W^halley to take possession of the hospital and lands thereunto belonging, subject onlv to the 
 condition of finding a chantry priest to celebrate in the chapel : this proposal was accepted, and 
 the last memorial which I find of the place is that in 150S * John Paslew, abbot of Whalley, 
 and the burgesses of Clitheroe, present Sir William Heerd -|~, to the Chapel of St. Nicholas, of 
 Edisforth, vacant by the death of Sir John Dineley, " secundum mortificationem :{: ejusdem." 
 The site of this ancient hospital was on the Yorkshire side of the Ribble, near the road to 
 Mitton, and on the spot where now stands a farm-house. Some remains of strong and ancient 
 masonry are remembered there. 
 
 Among the hereditary dependents of the house of Lancaster, at Clitheroe, the unfortunate 
 Henry VI. sought a temjwrary refuge from his enemies ; but his confidence was abused, and his 
 person betrayed to Edward the Fourth by the Talbots of Bashall and Salisbury, for which good 
 service there are no fewer than four patents from Edward and Richard III. extant, settling 
 pensions on different persons of this family, all expressed nearly in the same terms, " pro bono 
 " servicio suo in captura magni nostri adversarii Henrici nuper de facto et non de jure Regis 
 " Angliae'^." The particular circumstances of this affair shall be related in Leland's words, in 
 order to afford an opportunity of correcting the orthography of his j)roper names : " In A. D. 
 " 1464, king Henry was taken in Clitherwoode (Clitheroe wood) by side Bungerley hipping 
 
 * All tliese charters are in the Coucher Book at U'halley, and have been tranicribcl into the Townley MSS. 
 
 f I suspect tliis person to be the same \\ho inscribed the singular verses oa the wall of the Church at C'ohic. See 
 under that place. 
 
 X The only instance I have met with of this use of the word on the South side of the Tweed. In Scotland it is 
 univers'al. 
 
 § Townley MS. One of this is given by Sir Peter Leycester. 
 
 2 P '• stones
 
 2^0 ' HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. I. 
 
 " stones in Lancastersliyre, by The. Talbot sunne and lieir to Sir Edniunde Talbot of Bashall, 
 " and John Talbot his cousin, oF Colebry, (Salesbury), which deceived him, being at his dyner 
 " in Wadyngton Haul, and brought hiui to London with his legges bounde to the sterropes." 
 Lei. Col. vol. IL p. 500. 
 
 The ancient seal of this borough, which I have found appendant to a charter of the year 
 1335, has the single lion rampant of Lacy, circumscribed S. B'. CCOS, DG CLIDeRHOW. 
 The modern seal now in use seems to be posterior to the restoration. 
 
 MERLAV MAGNJ, 
 
 Now Mereley, on the northern skirts of Pendle, so called probably from the lands be- 
 longing to it having extended to the meres or boundaries of the forest upon the summit of the 
 hill. This manor, however obscure in itself, is memorable for the clear and connected chain of 
 evidence which exists of its several passages and descents from the earliest times, an advantage 
 of which the compilers of the Lancashire pedigrees have so little availed themselves, that as the 
 following account will differ very widely from anything which has hitherto appeared on the 
 subject, I shall think it incumbent upon me to cite my authorities, and to assign the grounds 
 of my conclusions with the greater care. 
 
 1st, Then, appears the following charter: " Sciant, &c. quod ego Robertus de Lac}^ 
 dedi, &c. Radulpho le Rus, Magnam Merlay cum pert, et Tuisleton cum pert, et 2 bov. in 
 Cliderhow cum pert, et nominatim Mess', illas quae fuerunt Orme le Engleis infra le Bailie et 
 deorsum, et Magnam Mittuu cum pert, et Aiton cum pert, libere, &c. pro dim. feodo unius 
 Militis, et Bailliam et Custodiam terre mee de Watersdeles usque ad Routhesit ultra Graget, et 
 de Rumedene usq TemepuU : et htec carta facta fuit 3^'" anno post coronamentum Henrici Regis 
 in Cur. de Pontefr. ad Fest. S. Clem." 
 
 " Sciant, &c. quod ego Ilbertus de Lacy dedi concessi et incartavi Radulpho le Rouse et 
 heredibus suis in perpetuum Magn. Merlay, Mitton, Halghton, Twisleton, &c. per serv. dim. 
 feud. mil. una concessi quod Aufray ei dedit in Dounom, scil. VL partem unius feudi mil. et dedi 
 eidem Radulpho fratri meo totuni boscum et siccum capiendum in Rowland, Sapeden et 
 Peneltonwode, sine deliberatione forestariorum ad comburendum et edificandum cum communi 
 chacea omnium animalium selvagiorum inter le Grane Gate et le Richihilles, et le Wit- 
 terichedeles (qu.Watershields, so Watershield's Cross), et lelmyngpell* (qu. Imings inPendlef), 
 praedicto Raduljiho fratri meo. Teste Labto Med. de Cliderhow." 
 
 Next follows a confirmation of this charter, purporting to be of Robert, brother of Ilbert. 
 And here a difficulty occurs, as neither of the Ilberts, for there were two, grandfather and 
 grandson, are known to have had a brother of the name of Robert, the only Robert de Lacy 
 of that period having been son of the former and father of the latter Ilbert. The probability 
 therefore is, that the transcriber of these charters (for the originals are no longer extant) mis- 
 took the word " patris" for " fratris ;" and that Ilbert the younger holding the lordship of Black- 
 burnshire, a confirmation of his grants was necessary from the father, as superior lord. Even 
 upon this hypotliesis, which will take away perhaps forty years from the antiquity of these 
 evidences, they will still maintain a priority of more than half a century above all our ancient f 
 
 * Peiluips Warning: Houses- in PiniUeton. 
 
 records ;
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 29i 
 
 records ; for Robert de Lacy and Ilbert his son were driven from their estates in the year 1102, 
 by the vengeance of Henry I. The charters before us, therefore, cannot be ascribed to a later 
 period tlmn the 3d of Henry I. and as Ilbert, the grandfather and first grantee of the fee of 
 Pontefract, has already been proved to have had no concern in that of Clitheroe, they cannot be 
 carried up higher than his death, which was in the beginning of the reign of Rufus. 
 
 Again, Ralph le Rous, the grantee under these charters, had Jordan, who granted the 
 manor of Merlay to one Stephen, afterwards called de Merlay, and he had a daughter who 
 married Adam de Nowell. The facts are proved by the following abstract of an Inquisition in 
 the same collection * : " Stephanus de Merlay proavus Adae Nowell (the second ; he is else- 
 where called father in law of the first) seizitus fuit in feodo de et in manerio de Merlay (not by 
 descent, as the Lancashire pedigrees have it, but) ex dono et feoffamento Jordani f. Rad. le 
 " Rous, habuitetiam Chaceam infra Sapeden Broke et Rimington Broke exceptis dominicisHaiis 
 <* et ad feras in dicta chacea sequendas infra haias praedictas sine arcubus et sagittis longum jacta- 
 " tionis unius teli." This was the origin of the Nowells in the parish of Whalley, of whom 
 there is no evidence to prove where they were settled before this alliance. Their descent will 
 be more fully traced under Read, and it will suffice for the present to exhibit the following 
 genealogy, which relates to the time of their residence at Merlay : 
 
 Stephen de lMerlay.=^ 
 
 r -^ 
 
 A daughter.=pAdam de Nowell. 
 
 Roger de Nowell. 
 
 I 
 Adam de Nowell. 
 
 I 
 Richard Nowell. 
 
 r— ' 
 Laurence Nowell, who, 
 
 about 38th Edward HI. exchanged the chace and manor of Merlay for a moiety of the nianoi 
 of Read, with Sir Richard do Greenacrcs, (vide Read), whose younger daughter and coheir 
 Agnes, marrying William de Radclifte, of Todmorden, brought the estate into that family, 
 in which it continued, by uninterrupted descent, till the death of Joshua Radclifte, Esq. 
 in 1676. 
 
 The ancient family of Radclifte, which spread from the parent stock of Radclifte tower, in 
 this county, into the branches of Ordsal, Smethells with Edgeworth, Wimmersley, and Tod- 
 morden, with Mearley, after having risen nearly to the summit of English nobility in the earls 
 of Sussex of that name, is now almost extinct in Lancashire. 
 
 Of the branch now before us I am enabled to speak with more precision, as the original 
 evidences of the family, from the aera of deeds without date, to the last of Elizabeth, have 
 fallen into my hands. That the Radcliffes of Todmorden were a branch immediately from 
 
 Ratcliffe, is proved by a dispensation * from Cardinal of Santa Susanna, ann. Pont. 
 
 Bonif? VHI. S^°. or I311, to Robert de Ratcliffe, of Todmorden, to marry Johanna, daughter 
 of John de Ratcliffe. 
 
 * TownlevMSS.
 
 292 HISTORY OF V.H ALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 Roger Mainwaring, who married Elizabeth, sole issue and heir of Joshua RadcHffe of 
 
 Todmorden, Esq. wasted all tlie estates of the family; and, in 17OO, sold the manor of Mereley 
 
 to John Harrison, Esq. ; after the death of whose son, Allan Harrison, it was once more sold in 
 
 chancery, A. D. 1757, to Piers Starkie, of Huntroyd, Esq. in whose representative it still 
 remains. 
 
 Of this ancient family, several are interred in their own choir at Chtheroe, but the greater 
 part have tombs in the church-yard of Todmorden, now abandoned to dilapidation and decay. 
 I have* a very magnificent old bed of massy oak, purchased from Todmorden Hall, and dated 
 1615, with a profusion of rude carving and armorial bearings; 1st. upon the head, the royal 
 arms, with the cypher 1. R, 1615 ; 2d. RadclifFe, of Todmorden, Argent, a bend dexter engrailed 
 Sable, a mullet for difference; ,^d. Ratcliflfe, Earl of Sussex, 4th. Stanley, Earl of Derby, both 
 within the garter ; on each side a rude statue, one bearing on a shield Ratclifie of Todmorden, 
 the other Gules a chevron between three garbs Or, Greenacres ; under the tester, Radcliffe of 
 Todmorden quartering Greenacres, crest Sable, a bull's head erased ducally collared Or. 
 
 By inquisition after the death of Henry de Lacy the last, it was found that Roger Nowell 
 held two carucates of land in Great Merlay. 
 
 MERLJV PARFA, 
 
 An hamlet and manor contiguous to the former, on the North-East, which still remains in 
 the descendants of William Nowell, the first„grantee under John de Lacy, earl of Lincoln, who 
 died A.D. 1240, 24th Henry HL For by deed-|- sans date, that earl grants to the said William 
 Nowell and his heirs, totam parvam 3Ierlay pro servitlo xii partis feodi ?nilitis salca 
 foresta sua et venafione sua. After the first possessor, of whom it is not known how he was 
 related to the family of Great Mearlay, or whether at all, is a long chasm in the descent, till 
 the time of Henry Nowell, who, with Johanna his wife, in the year 1 472, were enrolled, 
 according to the superstition of the times, in the college or hospital of the poor brethren of 
 Walsoken, near Wisbeach, by an instrument, of which the following is an abridgement. After 
 reciting the indulgences of divers popes, &c. Thomas Jackson, chaplain and warden of the 
 college or hospital of the Holy Trinity of Walsoken, in the diocese of Norwich, grants as 
 follows: — " Dilectis nobis in Christo Henrico Nowell et Johannae uxori ejus. Cum pietatis 
 " suae caritativa subsidia nobis donaverint, in dictam nostram fraternitatem eos assumimus et 
 " inter nostros confratreset pauperes annumeramus, eosque quantum in Deo possumus omnium 
 " bonorum spiritualium inter confratres et pauperes nostros participes esse voluinus. Dat, Ap. 
 " 2d. 1472." This man, however, was not one of those, " who, to be sure cf paradise, dying, 
 " put on the weeds of Dominic |'," for he enjoyed his spiritual privileges no less than forty-five 
 years; as I find by the inquisition after his death, that he died 8th Henry VHL What I 
 have been able to collect of him and his descendants, from inquisitions and other evidences, is 
 as follows: — 
 
 * It is now at Towneley. f Townley MSS. G. 13. X Paradise Lost, b. iii. 479.
 
 jirdHammerfnn, of Hamtnter and heir of Richard 
 
 il of Hclefitki-Pcd, in ci 
 
 [To face p. 292. 
 
 John Radclyffe=pJoan Holland. 
 ofOrdshall. 
 
 :t Leigh, of Adling- 
 ton, of Ashton. 
 
 ibout A.D. 1385, proved 
 ->Hen.Vi. 
 
 Robert Radclyffe.: 
 
 Joan, married by 
 dispensation. 
 
 isnce Hauimerton,=isabel 
 gSand luH. VI. ' 
 I it son and heir. 
 
 sir j, of Tod-=pChristiana, daughter 
 of in about of ... . Pudsey. 
 62. 
 
 =Johanna, with her husband, demised 
 lands in Newton Horsforth, &c. in 
 
 Geoffrey Radclyffe,= 
 son of William, 
 18 H. VI. Pardon.4. CO. York, a*22 Hen. VI. 
 
 |e Wood, of Longley, co. York, gent. 
 ; widow 1501. ^ 
 
 daughter of Edm>ind 
 ofChaderton, married 
 13, 17 H. VII. 
 
 John Radclytfe, 
 of Dudden. 
 
 Thomas 
 RadclyEfe. 
 
 Edward 
 Radclvffe. 
 
 Jowell, of Read, co. Lane. esq. 
 
 ret, daughter of Tho- 
 Savile, of Eccesley. 
 
 Uaylie, of Honley,=pMarg 
 
 he parish of .Al- of 
 
 «dbmy, co. York, Yoi 
 
 K. ; 1st husband ; Alii 
 
 ^ied Aug. 18, Thi 
 
 i9 ; buried Sept. dat 
 
 11592. 15. 
 
 « only=pThomas Net- 
 
 liiter 
 ijeir, 
 I'd af- 
 .1 date 
 
 '|23 
 (|9.' 
 
 tleton, of 
 
 Thornhill 
 
 Ixes, CO. 
 
 Yoik, gep.t. 
 
 Will proved 
 
 Marcli 1645. 
 
 I 
 Giace. 
 
 Richard Rad- 
 clvft'e, 2d son. 
 
 1 
 
 Edward Rad- 
 clvfie, 3d son. 
 
 Alexander Rad- 
 clyB'e, 4th sou. 
 
 Edmund Rad- 
 clyffe, 5th son. 
 
 Robert Rad-^Catharine, sister 
 
 cliffe, of 
 Rochdale, 
 CO. Lan- 
 caster, 
 gent. 
 
 of Rev. Edw. 
 
 Ashton, of Mid- 
 
 dleton, died a 
 
 widow. Will 
 
 dated .April 
 
 27, 1609. 
 
 Ellen, 
 wife of 
 Wilfray 
 Ban- 
 jiester. 
 
 Alexander Radcliffe,=Grace, sisten 
 
 of Gray's-inn, esq.; of William 
 
 youngest son ; Savile. 
 
 died s. p. Will Will dated 
 
 dated July 20, 1615; Sept. 2, 1618; 
 
 proved Sept. 10, proved July 
 
 1618, at York. 26, 1619. 
 
 Joseph Rad-: 
 cliBe, of 
 Rochdale, 
 gent, admi- 
 nistration 
 datedMarch 
 26, 1646, 
 granted at 
 York. 
 
 i&s RadclifTe, of Over- 
 te aforesaid, esq. privy 
 EL'llor in Iicland, some 
 itientleman Commoner 
 Ijiiversity College, Ox- 
 died, unuuirried, at 
 in ; buried Dec. 1 1 , 
 ,in Tliornhill Church. 
 
 Doile Rad- 
 daiHe, only 
 arx)thcr of 
 hinmel, 
 ^\ iving 
 Asi609. 
 ofC 
 lit 
 
 dau. 
 of 
 
 died 
 in her 
 hus- 
 band's 
 life- 
 time. 
 
 Deborah, 
 wife of 
 
 Belfield, 
 living 
 1648. 
 
 I 
 Jona- 
 than 
 Rad- 
 cliffe, 
 lining, 
 
 as named 
 in his 
 
 mother's 
 will. 
 
 1 
 
 Priscilla, 
 
 wife of 
 Green- 
 acres ; 
 both liv- 
 ingMay 
 9,"i64S. 
 
 Henry=p 
 Rad- 
 clifTe. 
 
 WilliauK 
 
 Vernon, 
 ofWake- 
 field, e.v- 
 ecutor to 
 
 his mo- 
 ther July 
 26,1619'. 
 Will 
 
 proved 
 
 Nov. 15, 
 
 1621. 
 
 AViUiam Ver- 
 non, gent. 
 
 first 
 husband. 
 
 =Fridswide,=pFrancis Radclyffe, 
 
 daughter 
 of Henry 
 Savile, of 
 Barrowby, 
 
 in CO. 
 
 Line. 
 
 n — r 
 Catherine, 
 
 Anne, 
 Frances, 
 
 and 
 Priscilla : 
 
 lining 
 
 1649. 
 
 Cathe- 
 rine, 
 
 living 
 in 
 
 1649. 
 
 Mary, eldest 
 
 dau. wife 
 
 of Henry 
 
 Percle,1618, 
 
 livinicl621. 
 
 Elizabeth, 
 unmarried 
 1616; wife 
 of Robert 
 Rust, 
 1621. 
 
 Roger RadclyfTe, 
 of Soothill-hall, 
 esq.son and heir, 
 aged 1 4 years a" 
 34 Eliz. Peti- 
 tioned for Mul- 
 grave-castle, 
 161S. 
 
 — r-T—i — 
 
 Henry, 
 
 Thomas, 
 
 Helen: 
 
 all 
 
 living 
 
 1584. 
 
 of Mulgrave- 
 castle, CO. York, 
 esq. first husband, 
 1584, afterwards 
 of Soothill-hall, 
 in CO. York, ob. 
 1 Feb. 34 Eliz. 
 
 Frances, born after 
 1584: only child 
 of hcrfather named 
 in the will of her 
 step-father, marr. 
 Oct. 18, 1625, to 
 Thos. Pickersgill. 
 
 ,| 
 
 iret, wife of Richaiil 
 I of Burghwallis, co. 
 i gent. 
 
 thayier Dorothy, 
 di^k- 
 r. 
 
 rhe Hassica! reader 
 .-.Coll. Oxf. li is, 
 ^»e. His fortune w 
 ipo&itnin Jona* l\a<l 
 
 will not be 
 
 hurtfcver, p 
 
 a^ 2U annul 
 
 oiiffe L-utra 
 
 terariis lauUibus cainulavii, h 
 
 — m 
 Judith. 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Savile RadclifTe, of Mercley, 
 the last surviving heir male 
 of the body of his father, 
 died unmarried 1713. 
 
 John Radcliffe, 
 died unmar- 
 ried before 
 Sept. 9, 1664. 
 
 Margaret, sole issue and 
 licir, living an infant 
 1649. 
 
 and heir, aged=pKatherine, daughter of Richard Bradshaw, of 
 morden. | Pennington, esq. marr. before Sept. 9, 1664. 
 
 J 
 
 buried 24th of the same month at Swetenham. 
 
 qviie 
 vit ; 
 ndis 
 nto, 
 ujus 
 
 cnm ilamnaverat eadem qua domi rerpctuo adfixit redum imbecilitas. ReliKJonem ct pietatcni sincere coluit, prudens 
 iheolosiffi mvsta, nuam non tarn schote quam vitie didicerat, cujus frurti.m in extrcmo vi.j exodio tul.t, cum post 
 biennalem languorem innoceniem an.mam reddidit ccelo. Obiil A.D. M.D.tXXVl, Aug. XXVII. alaus sui LVl. 
 B. M. P. Consobrinus cbarissimus et moerens Ncpos."
 
 RADCLYFFE OF TOD3IERDEN AND MEHLAY. 
 
 [To feee p. 292. 
 
 Mary .^Robert Radclyffe, of RadcUffe Tower.=pMargcry. 
 
 Richard Radclyffe, of Radcliffe Tower.=j=. , 
 
 Richard Radclyffe, of Radcliffe Tower. 
 
 William Radclyffe, of Edgewortl», &c. 30 Edw. l.==Marsaret Culchelh. 
 J 1 
 
 John Radclyffe^^oan Holland. 
 
 ofOrdahall. 
 
 Ellen LangfieId,=j=William Radcliffe, of Lang6eld. and: 
 &c. of Todmoixlen, 43Edw. III. 
 
 lt<hanlHammertnn,of 
 
 Hamraerton.^pEliMbeth Radclyffe, 
 York. I heir to her mother. 
 
 John Radclyffe, 
 43 £. 111. 
 
 daughter of Robert Leigh, of Adling- 
 
 ton, ttidow of John Ashton, of Ashlon. 
 
 ^t,g53ndl9H-\I. 
 ^t son and heii". 
 
 Llsabell, diuighler of 
 sir John Teuipeste, 
 of Bi-accwell, knt. 
 
 William Radclyffe,— Agnes, dauglUer and heir of Sir 
 of Todmorden. I K. Gret-nacres, of Great Mcrlev, 
 S I living 1445. 
 
 Richard Radclyffe, of=IVIargaret, daughter and heir of Richard 
 Todmorden, married Dynelv, born about A.D. 1385, proved 
 before a» " Hen. V. her age anno '2 Hen. VI. 
 
 Robert RadoIySe.=:Joan, married by 
 
 dispensation. 
 
 William Radcliffe, commonly called Wilkin RadLliffe, of Thresblield, in Craven.=^oanna. daughter and heir 
 His will, dated 1434, in which lie order» himself to be buried in the church of I of William Mansell, esq. 
 St. Michael at Union, proved at York April -il:!. 1440. J^ livins: 1434. 
 
 William Radcliffe, of Tod-=pChristiana, daughter 
 morden, bora about of ... . Pudsey. 
 1400; died 146^. 
 
 Geoffrey Radclyffe,=^Johanna, with her husband, demised 
 son of William, I lands in Newton Horsforth, Ac. in 
 IS H. VI, Pardon.-^^ co. York, a* 22 Hen. VI. 
 
 Richard Radclyffe, of Todmorden. esq purchased Hen?liaw ofupChriotiana, daughter of 
 Robert Henshaw, anno 6 H. VII. ; died June 13, 1? H. VII. S Sir John Pilkington. 
 
 William Radclyffe, on whom and his wife, for life, hi5=ElizabetIi, ilaughtcr of Tho- Charles Radclyffe, of Tod-: 
 
 father settled lands lately purchased of Robert masTownlev; living May morden, esq. aet. 35. 18 
 
 Henshaw, May 20, C H. VII. 20, tiH.Vl'. Hen.VIl.died Aug.15,. . ,, 
 
 Isabella, v\-ife of George Wood, ofLongley, co. York, gent, 
 lining a widow 1501. ^ 
 
 r' 
 
 :Margaret, daugiiter of Edmund 
 Ashton, of Chaderton, married 
 before Jan. 13, 17 H, VII. 
 
 John RadclyBe, 
 of Dudden. 
 
 Thomas 
 Radclyffe. 
 
 Edward 
 
 Radclvffe. 
 
 Cecilia Radclyffe, dan. of William Radclyffe, of Wymbersley, esq.=pEdward Radclyffe, of Todmorden, esq. died April ; 
 
 4 Philip and Mary.==:Maud, daughter of Roger Mowell, of Read, co. Lane. esq. 
 
 Johanna, heir of her mother. He, 
 portrait remains at Townley. 
 
 =^Ralph Asslieton, 
 ^ of Lever, esq. 
 
 Margaret. Jane. 
 
 Isabella, wife <if Henry 
 Starlvic, of Aughton. 
 
 Charles Radclyffe of Todmorden, esq. jet, 45j: 
 a" 2 and 3 P. and M. ob. a" 33 Ehz. 
 
 pMargaret, daughter of Tho- 
 mas Savile, of Eccesley. 
 
 Richard Rad- 
 elvfte. 2d son. 
 
 Edward Rad- 
 clyfle, 3d son. 
 
 Alexander Rad- 
 clyffe, 4th son. 
 
 Edmund Rad- 
 clyffe, 5th SOD. 
 
 lii Baylie, of Honley,; 
 in the parish of Al- 
 ffiiDdbury, CO. York, 
 pot. ; 1st husbund ; 
 named Aug. 1^, 
 Yi'^; buried Sejtt. 
 30, 1592 
 
 Margaret, eldc-'t daughter and coheir 
 «f Hubert Marsh, of Darton. en, 
 York, by Margaret, dau. of Robert 
 Allolt, died a widow; buried at 
 Thonihill, July 4. 1628. Will 
 dated July 27, 1618; proved Sept. 
 15, 1G28. 
 
 Huj, onl)— Thiimas Net- 
 
 "^11«, of Over- Dorothv,=pSav 
 
 ""ipearoresaid.esn, privy ' 
 
 ««nidlorinlretund.sonie 
 
 Jiriirtllema.. Commoner 
 
 J5"'*cfsityCol!ei 
 
 «n; died, 
 
 ^hter 
 udbfir, 
 niriedaf- 
 m Ik dale 
 
 -f 
 
 llelon, uf 
 
 Thoridiill 
 
 Ues, CO, 
 
 Yoik. gt'Kt. 
 
 Will [jruvcJ 
 
 Maicli tC45. 
 
 Elizabeth, mar- 
 ried at Thorn- 
 hill, June 18, 
 1622, to John 
 Hodgson, of 
 .N'ewhall, near 
 IJeeslon. CO, 
 York, gent. 
 
 "~r" 
 
 Nicholas Radclydi.', of Overthorpe Cecilia, wife 
 inThornhiU, co.Yurk, esq. 40 of James 
 
 Eliz. ; 2nd husband ; muiried Greenwood, 
 Feb. 20, 1592 : buried Nov. 29, of New 
 
 1599, at Thornhill. Will dated Lathes, near 
 Oct. 23, 1599; proved at York Leeds, co. 
 
 July 29, ItiOO. Yoi-k, gent. 
 
 -+* I 
 
 D<irothv, 
 wife of 
 Thomas 
 baville, of 
 llollin- 
 edge, 
 
 4- 
 
 Thomas Green-: 
 halghs of Jiran- 
 
 dlesliam, CO, 
 Lancaster, esq. 
 
 ob. 18 Eliz. 
 
 Alice, daugh-^Henry Rad- 
 ter of Ral|ih ciiffe of 
 
 Cud worth 
 
 of Wernith, 
 
 second wife 
 
 of Henry 
 
 Radcliffe. 
 
 Todmorden, 
 
 esq. eldest 
 
 son and heir, 
 
 aged 57. 
 
 33 Eliz, 
 
 :Elizabeth, 
 dRUghter of 
 Edmund 
 Ashton, of 
 Chaderton, 
 esq. i se- 
 cond wife. 
 
 Robert Rad- 
 cliffe, of 
 Rochdale, 
 CO. Lan- 
 caster, 
 gent. 
 
 Sir Gcoi'ge Radclifff, of Overthorpe: 
 aforesaid, knt, bapt. at Thornhill, 
 April2I, 1593; married to his first 
 wife .... daughter and heir of John 
 Lord Fynch, of Fordwich, co. Kent ; 
 ilied at Sluvce, in Flanders, on Fri- 
 day, May 25, 105", and buried there 
 on Jlonday following. (Thurloe's 
 State Papers ) By the admittances 
 at Gray's Inn, it apjiears he was ad- 
 mitted there. Barrister, Aug. 1, 
 1618; Ancient, Jvme 2*. 1631. 
 
 lAnnc, daugh- 
 ter of sir Fran- 
 cis Trapps Ber- 
 nard, uf Nidd. 
 CO. York, knt ; 
 
 married in 
 London,Feb.21, 
 1621 i died May 
 31,IG.^9,a't,5Si 
 buried in the 
 North ailc of 
 Westm. abbey. 
 
 p- 
 
 :Catharine, sister 
 
 of Rev. Edw. 
 
 Ashton, of Mid- 
 
 dleton, died a 
 
 widow. Will 
 
 dated April 
 
 27, 1609. 
 
 Ellen. 
 
 wife of 
 
 Wilfray 
 
 Rin- 
 
 nester. 
 
 "T 
 
 Alexander Radcliffe,:=Grace, sister^ William Ver- 
 
 of Gray's-inn, esq.; 
 youngest son ; 
 died s, p. Will 
 dated July 20, 1615; 
 proved .Sept. 10, 
 1618, at York. 
 
 of William 
 
 Savile. 
 
 Will dated 
 
 Sept, 2, 1618; 
 
 proved July 
 
 26, 1619. 
 
 Aniie,^Io'-hua Pjidtlitle, of=. 
 
 tir-st 
 wife. 
 
 Todmorden, esq. 
 eldi'stsonandheir. 
 died in hisfiather's 
 life-lime, having 
 been severely beat- 
 en while hunting 
 in l^o^vland.. in a 
 fray with some 
 threshers, of which 
 he never recovered. 
 (Townl. MSS.) 
 
 daugh- 
 ter of 
 
 .Starkie, 
 of Pa- 
 diam, 
 esq. ; 
 second 
 wife. 
 
 *Jona3 Rad- 
 
 Caleb 
 
 Esther, 
 
 Samuel Radcliffe, 
 
 cliffe, Fel- 
 
 Rad- 
 
 wife of 
 
 D.D. Principal of 
 
 low of Uni- 
 
 cliffe. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Brazenose Col- 
 
 versity Col- 
 
 
 Nut- 
 
 lege, Oxlbrd. el- 
 
 lege, Ox- 
 
 Jeptha 
 
 hall. 
 
 dest son ; born 
 
 ford, and 
 
 Rad- 
 
 
 at Todmorden, 
 
 President 
 
 clilie. 
 
 
 WilldatedMay9, 
 
 there 1G24; 
 
 
 
 164S, proved at 
 
 ob. cceI. a2 
 
 Eliza- 
 
 
 London. 
 
 Aug. \c,-ir,, 
 
 beth. 
 
 
 
 Judith. Joseph Rad-=p, . . . Debctrali 
 wife of 
 
 ciiffe. of 
 Rochdale. 
 
 gent, admi- 
 nistration 
 
 dated March 
 
 26, 16-J6, 
 
 granted at 
 
 York. 
 
 '•■ge, Ox- 
 . unm;nTied, at 
 
 ^}^_; buried Dec'il, 
 '^S.'iThwTihillClmrci,. 
 
 HofBurghwallis^co, 
 
 "'s.gent. 
 
 daughter 
 and co- 
 heir <if 
 William 
 Ashton, 
 
 nfC!e-g; 
 lit wife. 
 
 Radelirte.^plsabella, dau.=pKatherine, 8th=pWilliam=:Roger Nowell,=^Elizabeth, Daniel 
 
 of Todmorden, 
 esq. eldest son 
 and heir, dietl 
 Sept. 29, 1652, 
 aged 69 ; bur. 
 at Cliderow. 
 
 _i_ 
 
 '-r- 
 
 tliailps Radclilie, 
 died an infant. 
 
 of 
 
 Dean, widow 
 
 of Thomas 
 
 Gledhill; 2d 
 
 wife. 
 
 daughter of 
 Robert Hyde, 
 of Hyde and 
 Norlhbury, 
 Co. Chester ; 
 third wife. 
 
 Hulum, 
 of Hul- 
 tonPark, 
 esq. 1st 
 husb. 
 died Sep. 
 .6, lUlJ. 
 
 of Read, esq, 
 2d husband ; 
 mar. at Stock- 
 port, Oct. 19, 
 1619; died be- 
 fore 1623. 
 
 dau. of 
 Tho.Fleet- 
 wood, of 
 Newton. 
 
 Rad- 
 cliffe, 
 died 
 s. p. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Thoma.s Iladtliffe, 
 Secietary to .Abp. 
 Juxon when Lord 
 Treasurer, and 
 Fellow nf Univer- 
 sily Coll. Oxford. 
 Hen. Radcliffe, died 
 unmar.bcfore 1 o"6 1 . 
 
 Samuel Radcliffe, of Braze-= 
 nose College, O.\ford, 
 M. A. died Dec. 30, 1649, 
 aged 30; buried in Hidli- 
 «■ell church-yard. Will 
 dated Dee 5, 1649, proved 
 Feb. 26 following at Lon- 
 don. 
 
 dan. 
 of 
 
 died 
 in her 
 hus- 
 band's 
 life- 
 time. 
 
 Belfield. 
 living 
 1648. 
 
 Jona- 
 than 
 Rad- 
 cliffe, 
 living, 
 
 as named 
 in bis 
 
 mother's 
 will. 
 
 Priscilln, 
 \vife of 
 Green- 
 acres ; 
 both liv- 
 ing .May 
 9, 1648. 
 
 + 
 
 non, gent. 
 
 fii-st 
 husband. 
 
 Henry: 
 Rad- 
 cliffe. 
 
 W ill iam=j=Frid8wide,=p Francis Radclyffe^ 
 
 Vernon, 
 of Wake- 
 field, ex- 
 ecutor to 
 
 his mo- 
 ther July 
 26.1619. 
 Wdl 
 
 proved 
 
 Nov. 15, 
 
 162 L 
 
 daughter 
 of Henry 
 Savile, of 
 Barrowby, 
 in CO, 
 J^inc. 
 
 of Mulgrave- 
 castle, CO. York, 
 esq, first husband, 
 1584, afterwards 
 of SoothilMiall, 
 in en. York, ob. 
 I Feb. 34 Eliz. 
 
 =Margaret, 
 
 Savile Rad- 
 
 Catheiine, 
 
 Cathe- 
 
 dau. ofT. 
 
 cIiRe,only 
 
 Anne, 
 
 rme. 
 
 Holt.ofco. 
 
 brother of 
 
 Frances, 
 
 living 
 
 York; re- 
 
 Samuel, 
 
 and 
 
 in 
 
 married 
 
 living 
 
 Priscdla : 
 
 1649. 
 
 toWilliam 
 
 1609. 
 
 living 
 
 
 Welpdale. 
 
 
 1649. 
 
 
 Maiy, eldest Elizabeth, Roger Radclyffe, Henry, 
 dau. wife unmarried of Soothill-hall, Thomas, 
 
 of Henry 
 Percie,16l'8, 
 li%inirl621. 
 
 1618; wife 
 of Robert 
 
 Rust. 
 
 1621, 
 
 esq.&on and heir, 
 aged 14 years a" 
 34 Eliz. Peti- 
 tioned for Mul- 
 grave-castle, 
 1618. 
 
 Helen: 
 all 
 living 
 15S4. 
 
 Frances, born after 
 1584: only child 
 of her father named 
 in the will of her 
 etep-fathcr, marr. 
 Oct. 18, 1625, to 
 Thos. Pickersgill. 
 
 Joshua Radcliffe, nf Todmor-^pMargaret, daughter of Ro-^. 
 
 den, eldest son and heir ap- 
 
 j-arent, died Aug 1644, 
 
 buried at Todmorden. 
 
 belt Dnckenfield, of Duck- 
 enfield, co. Clic-ttr. 
 
 Fletcher, liv- 
 ing Aug, 10, 
 1655; 2d bus. 
 
 Charles 
 Radcliffe. 
 
 Alice, wife of James 
 
 Scholfield, of 
 
 SchoHield, 
 
 Susan, wife of 
 Michael Butter- 
 worth, of Roch- 
 dale. 
 
 Anne, wife of Roeer 
 Winklcy. of \^'ink- 
 ley, CO. Lancaster. 
 
 Dorothy. 
 
 Judith. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Savile Radcliffe, of Mereley, 
 the last surviving heir male 
 of the body of his father, 
 died unmarried 1713. 
 
 John Radcliffe, 
 died unmar- 
 ried before 
 Sept. 9, 1664. 
 
 Margaret, sole issue and 
 heir, living an infant 
 1649. 
 
 Thomas Radcliffe, of Todmorden and Merley, ilied unmarried 1655 ; buried at 
 Clithcrow. .Administration granltd to his mother July 10, 1655, at London. 
 
 'jo"^huTUidcliffe ofTodmorden. esq. second son and heir, aged=j=Katherine, daughter of Richard Bradshaw. of 
 20 ?ea.s 1664, died "nie^ ; buried at Todmorden. J Pennington, esq, marr. before Sept. 9. IG64. 
 
 r 
 
 i"C«]|. o,f, ,, .^ *''' ""t be t!i*(.!f«nl will, the insertion of tlie following epitaph of this Jonas, in the chai-d 
 ■^ "'^ Hi( (ofiut.r w>c "*'' •''"^"'•'y rot trop, tbat lie w« tmrn at Todinurdcii, as hi^ baptism is recorded at 
 P*'""» Jon» R„Hiffr /"'"""^ "' ^'- ^'"* •>« motl.er-s .jointure 20 marks— Town!, MSS. 
 
 «'«iiilmdituicjmul» "k""*"""' '^'" ^K"^ Tudmonlen" natalcs suos, sludia Oxonio imputat. Gentilitium 
 V", n.iud iiiantbui literaruni titulis decorue, «luorum citra sitprenium quani|uam mcrilis 
 
 Elizabeth, sole issue and heir, born after Sept. 9, 1664, married to Roger Mainwaring, of Kerringham, co. Chester, 
 
 itis dcbimm eiibuiiit modcstla viri singiiUris. Spatium farn» liaiid satis amplum conccs'it pedum 
 
 and died in August 1730, buried 24th of the same month at Swetenham. 
 
 II tK-n 
 
 ilium ab sceua et iictu remm summotiim intra unius collegii claihrns, velut zoophytm 
 at fructum et Uium crudilionis lie W quidem invidit, f\uvm ille iiubilium ,io»elii 
 
 sedulo iinpendii, solertissimus morum architectus et bonft menus f.ibcr. Fuit .psL . .nhiudini». cujus 
 
 (juorum ilhcio frequente» sibi amicos conciliaverat, opportunum uiiquc praiidium adversus tedium «tmiuaim», j 
 
 iifirmitas, qufC 
 
 ;lebie alligavit ; 
 
 IS moribusque informandis 
 
 imo morum temperamtnn 
 
 f iim damnaverat eadem quie domi perpetuo adfiiit pedum imbecilitas. Religionem et pictnreni »incei 
 (beologis mjsta, quun non lam »cholB quam viia didicerat, cujus^^Tructum in eitrcmo vitar ""«odi 
 bicnnalero languorem innoceniem aniraam reddidit coelo. 
 B. M. P, Consobrinus cbanssimus et maren* Ncpos." 
 
 coluit, pruden» 
 
 tulir, com post 
 
 ObJK Xd. M.D.CXAVI, Aug. X.WII. «talis *u« LVI.
 
 Jolm Radclyfto, of Ord=h 
 knight of the shue fc 
 anno 1357- 
 
 John Kadclyfte, of Onlshall,= 
 aforesaid, e.-q. eldest son 
 and heir apparent, died 
 without issue. 
 
 rMargaret, cous 
 of' Clementii 
 ter and heir < 
 Cliedel. 
 
 Sir Jolm Radclyffe, ofOrdshall, knt. son and 
 died anno 9 Henry V. A. D. 14^21. InquiBit 
 
 Elizabeth Radclvffe, widow of Sir Richard 
 Venables, Baron of Kinderton, in the 
 county of Chester, knt. 16 Hem7 VI. 
 Had issue. 
 
 Ale^I^r Hadclyffe, of prdshal, esq. eldest 
 ancestor of the Radclyffes of Ordshall, F. 
 others, died July lO, 15 Edwaid lY. anno 
 
 293 
 
 1 
 
 Catharine. 
 
 — I — r-r~i 
 Heniy. 
 
 Alexander. 
 
 Christopher. 
 
 Anne. 
 
 Be 
 
 . of Read, esq. 
 by the first of 
 
 z held one 
 
 Eli."^ Uadcliffe, married to John Field, of 
 to Oueen Ehzabeth. 
 
 William Radcliffe, of Mellor, aforesaui esq.-. 
 elde=t son and heir, hvmg anno 1611. 
 
 Ucrt Radcliffe, of Mellor, Robert RadchfFe.. 
 foresaid, died without w.thout issue. 
 i«ne. before 1611. fore 1611. 
 
 Gilicr 
 res 
 issue, befor 
 
 Margaret, daughter of Lau-=^Peter Radcliffe 
 rencrVright, of Offerton, aforesaid, escj. 
 In the cofnt; of Chester, and heir, age. 
 ^q 1st wife.' I years anno 16 
 
 Anne Radcliffe, 
 eldest daugh- 
 ter. 
 
 ^ter Radcliffe, of Mellor, a 
 eldest son and heir, baptr. 
 March 27, 1638, and bun 
 13, 1G6'2. 
 
 johnHorse^lUofMalsis^A^^R^liff^.- 
 
 Hall, in Craven, in the 
 county of York, gent, 
 married before Jan. 21, 
 16S6. 
 
 baptized at Mell 
 living Jan. 21, 
 joined with her 
 sale of Mellor. 
 
 Edmund Radcliffe, o 
 and bapi 
 
 The Rev. Edmund Strin 
 cler 
 
 linsiula of 
 ; tlie great 
 .'-extended 
 e the arms 
 
 I suppose 
 I rebuilder 
 ey.) The 
 • North of 
 ?r Nowell, 
 
 are three 
 
 obabihty, 
 
 •jree, 5 bosci, 
 A was worth 
 
 RSTOiX
 
 PEDIGREE OF^DCLYFFE, No. 
 
 \J 
 
 \To fothw the Pedigree Dp. R^ 
 
 T..i.n R^HplvHi' ofOrdshall, in the county of Lancaster, anno 20 Edward Ill.rpJoan, eldest daughter of Sir R»k ,. 
 
 't"igWhe lime for .he .ai.. county .l.e I4,h of .ha. king's reign, died , ZlT'd\£^^'^^"'^"^^i^^^^^^ " "=' " 
 
 anno 1357- 
 
 „f Si,- Thomas Holland, Earl of Ken., one of=Sir Hugh Dutton, of Dutton, in the counly of ChMter, kn.. Is. husband 
 ■ lid husband Sir Edmund Talbo., of I >■ — "- - "^-t--J' 
 
 born Dec. 8, 5 Edward I. steward of Hatton Dec. 34, 20 Edward iT 
 died anno 1 Edward III. 
 
 John RadclyBe, of Or.l=hall,=Mar6aret, cousin arid heir 
 aforesaid, esq. eldest son of Ciementma daugl,- 
 ■■ d ler and heir of Roger de 
 Chedel. 
 
 and heir apjiarei 
 without issue. 
 
 Ellen Kadclylfe, wife 
 of William Fairfax, 
 of \\'alton, in the 
 county of Yoik, 
 esq. 
 
 Kiehard Kadclyffe, 
 Puign^, stewan 
 
 ward HI. had livery of his manor 
 Duke of Lancaster. Was drownec 
 day ne xt before the fea st of SU>Ia|g;"r;i,anno 4 RichVnrir 
 
 lehard KadclylTe, of Ordshall, 2nd son inH i, • ~7. ■ , v,.„rand sole heir of John 
 
 Puign., steward of BlackbuUtrfr^ota'Va^r^^Elf^'^t^^^^^^^ 
 
 M- Uig». ^^ jj^^^_ ,,jj „,ife^ daughter 
 
 Duke of Lancaster: yV^ ir^^^.^iln^f^Zl^"^ 
 
 Sir John RsdclySe ofOrdshaU, knt. son and heir, aged 24 years on the death of his father, anno 4 Richard 1I.= 
 died anno 9 Hen'r\' V, A. D U2\. Inquisitione post mortem, laken 10 Henry VI. 
 
 X!;oVS;r5;hnArderne,orMo- 
 
 i^ley, in the said county. 
 
 Joan Radclyffe, wife of lier cousin Ro- 
 bert Kadclyffe, the gi'andson of her 
 uncle William, by diipensation from 
 the pope. =y 
 
 Annabel Radclyffe, wife of Robert Ne- 
 ville, of Hornby Cnstle. in the county 
 palatine of Lancaster, esq. lining 
 anno '20 Ric. U. === 
 
 Julia Radclyffe. wife 
 of Oliver tie C'rom- 
 welbotham, leniji. 
 Eilw. HI. 
 
 =Margaret, dauehierTif s.T^irTTT^Tr^^ffb^ in the county of Lancaster,=Robert Ori-ell, ofTurton in said county of 
 km MtirrinJl "enrvTnM. »' ^" ,,, Lancaster, 2nd hubband. 
 Knt. Marriage covenant .iaiej anno ih Edward HI. 
 
 Elizabeth Radclyffe, widow of Sir Richard 
 Venables, Baron of Kinderton, in the 
 county of Chester, knt. 16 Henry VI. 
 Had issue. 
 
 Clementina, daughter of Hugh: 
 Standish, of Duxbury, in the 
 said county of Lancaster, esq. 
 1st wife. 
 
 :Sir John Radclyffe, of Ordshall, knt.= 
 eldest son and heir, died 20 Henry 
 VI. Inquisitione post mortem, taken 
 same year. 
 
 Joan, daughter 
 
 of 
 
 2nd wife, liv- 
 ing N63. 
 
 1./ .A R-Klckffc, 2nd son, had with his wife a grant: 
 ■^r^d S in the county of Lancaster, for 
 7of their lives, from Edmund Farmgdon. Kec- 
 
 =Elizabeth, daughter 
 
 of living 
 
 Oct. 10, 34 Henry 
 VI. 
 
 Peter Radcl)iTe, 
 ard son. 
 
 Joan RadcKffe, wife of James Bosville, of Chevet, in 
 the county of York, esq. =p 
 1 I 'f- 
 
 Alured Radclyffe, Joan Radclyffe, wife of Robert 
 4th son. S(nitbwick. in the county of 
 
 Chester, 22 Richard II. 
 
 Alexander Ha.Iclyffi-. of Ordshall, esq. eldest son and licii 
 ancestor of the Radclyffes of Ordshall, Foxdenton, London, 
 oihei's, died July 10, 15 Edwajd IV. anno 1476. 
 
 anno 20 Henry VI.i^Agnes, one of the two daughters of Sir William Harrintrion 
 Hitchin, and I of Hornby-castle, in the county of Lancaster, knt died 
 ^ anno 1490. 
 
 , Oct. 10, 31 Henry VL ^ 
 
 i/>.,. Ra.lrlvfff ofMcllor, in the countv=pEmma, eldest of the three daughters and 
 S llX j"^^ uxoris, 3rd son. living I coheirs of Roger Mellor. of Mellor. i" 
 mmVl llcnrj VI. 
 
 the county of Derby, esq. 
 
 John Radclyffe, who married and had a daughter Alice, 
 wife of William Elcott. alias Handsward, of Chester. 
 
 Robert Radclyffe, of Mellor, aforesaid, C5q.==Jane, daughter of Thanton Dokenficld, of Dokenfield, in the county of Chester, esq. 
 
 Margery, daughter of Thurston Holland, of Denion,=pJolin RaildylTi-, of Mellor ,=Margaret, daughter of Henry Stafford, ofBothams, 
 in the county of Lancaster, esq. I afore^id' esq. ^" *'"^ county of Derby, esq. 
 
 Jane, daughter of Perkin Ardern, 
 by whom no bsue male. 
 
 1st wife,=pRoben Radcllffe, of Mdlor.^yiKatherinc, di 
 : aforesaid, est] j ii 
 
 Bridget Radcliffe, wife of Fulk Sutton, of Over Haddon, 
 in the county of Derby, gent. Had issue. 
 
 Robert Radcliffe, of Mellor,=pEUzabeth, daughter of IhomasRedvih, of Redysh, esq. 
 aforesaid, esq. in the county nf Lancaster. 
 
 aughter of Thomas Needham, of Thomset, 
 the county uf Derby, esq. 2nd wife. 
 
 Itol>eil Radcllffe, of Mellor,^Margarct, daughter of Thomas Stafford, 
 aforesaid, esq. of Bothams, esq. 
 
 lam Radcliffe, died 
 
 Will 
 
 without issue. 
 
 Rev. Robert Radchffe, Parson of Chettle, died unmarried. By his will, dated Aug. 29, 
 directs that his body be buried in the New Church at Dysseley. 
 
 1558, 
 
 William Radcliffe, of Mellor,=pElizabeth, natural daughter of Richard Vernon, of Hassclbach, 
 aforesaid, esq. | in the county of Derby, esq. 
 
 John Radcliffe, 
 3d son. 
 
 Elizabeth Radcliffe, manied to John Field, of the Household 
 to i^ueen Elizabeth. 
 
 Margaret Radcliffe, died 
 without issue. 
 
 Robert Radcliffe, ofMcllor, aforesaid, esq.==Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Otwell Needham, ofSnitteston 
 eldest son and heir, living 1569. j and Cowley, in the county of Derby, esq. 
 
 Anne Radcliffe, married to 
 William Rowbntham. 
 
 William Radchffe of Mellor, aforesaid, esq.=EIizabeth. daughter of Robert Savage, of Ot^vell Radcliffe of' 
 
 eldest son and heir, bvmg anno IGll, J Ba, ton Park, in the county of Dc7by. ^d son. ' 
 
 =Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Stanley, 
 of VVevcr and Andesley, 
 
 Thomas Radcliffe. Francis Radcliffe. Robert Radcliffe. Margaret Radcliffe. 
 
 Geortre Radcliffe, Snd son, ancestor of the Radcliffea 
 ^ of Podnor^t^ 
 
 "Elizabeth Radcliffe. Dorothy Radcliffe. 
 
 Gillcrl Radclilic. of Mellor, 
 aforesaid, died without 
 issue, before IGU. 
 
 Margaret, daughter of Lau-= 
 rence Wright, of Offerton, I 
 in the county uf Chester, 
 esq. Ist wife. 
 
 r 
 
 Robert Radcliffe, died 
 without issue, be- 
 fore 1611. 
 
 George RadcliSc, of Mellor, aforesaid, gent, died without=Margaret, daughter of John Bretland, of Thorn- Catherine, daughter of Gilbert^ 
 issue, being slain at the church gate at Stockport, Au- chffe, in the county of Chester, esq. married at Thacker, ofRepton, in the 
 
 j^j^^^^^^^^ nth Sept. 1600. county of Derby. 
 
 gust 17, 1610, buried at Mellor. 
 
 i;;^.7^-^. of Mello. af^-^a^^nMatjghJer of .^ . -J^^'^'Z 
 Eoods wi granted to Mary her granddaughter, 
 The daughter of her daughter Susan. 
 
 said, esq. son and heir, anno 1611 
 and 1634, bulled at Mellor, Oct. 
 16, 16.50. =p 
 
 J 
 
 Margaret 
 BailcliHc, 
 
 :Peler Radcliffe, of MeUor,= 
 aforesaid, esq. eldest sou 
 and heir, aged about «0 
 years anno 1634. 
 
 :Mary, daughter of John 
 Bretland,ofThorncli(re 
 Hall, in the county of 
 t'hester,esq. 2nd wife. 
 
 Anne Radcliffe, Peter Radcliffe, of Mellor aforesaid 
 e dcst daugh. eldest son and heir, ba tS^t' Melto'; 
 tcr. ?!'";'' I'' 'MS, and buried there Jan. 
 
 Margaret Radcliffe, alias Claike, 
 daughter of William Radcliffe 
 and Catherine Clarke, baptized 
 at Mellor April 4, 1637. 
 
 Maria Radcliffe, bap- 
 tized at J\Iellor July 
 20, 1640- 
 
 Elizabelh Radcliffe, 
 buried at Mellor 
 M"yW, 1643, 
 
 William Radcliffe, bap- 
 tized at Mellor July 
 11, 164". 
 
 William Radcliffe, 
 tized at Mellor 
 gust 21, 1643. 
 
 1 ' , ■ J . M n„r nee 211 1644. married to James Chelhaiii, 
 
 , bap- Susanna Radclifti, baptized at Mellor Dec. «J^^^/'^f j„h„ Hot^efall ant) Anne 
 
 ;, a!.- of Mellor Hall gent, which p a« he pmeto ^^^ ^_^ ^^^ ^.^ ^,„ 
 
 1,;. ,.r;r„ dniip-hter and heir or reiei i" — i , . 
 
 his wife, daughter and heir o. 
 
 dated Dec. W, 1703, proved at Lichfield April 1,04. 
 
 John Horsefall, of Malsis: 
 Hall, in Craven, in the 
 county of York, gent, 
 married before Jan. 21 
 1686. 
 
 esr|.=j=Elizabeth, daughter of William Butterworlh, 
 living a widow June 24, 1608, when she 
 renounced administration to the effects of 
 her deceased husband. 
 
 Catherine Radcliffe, baptized Henry Wffe ofTonge Moor, in the county of Lancaster, gent. 2nd son,=pAnne. daughter of Edmund 
 
 at Mellor Sept. 24, 1643, baptiw at Mellor April 10, 1639, administered to the effects of his bro- 
 
 wiU dated June 11, 1700, *« J™' '««S. and granted a release to his son Edmund Dec. 8, 1733. 
 
 died unmarried. l,uried« Oldham Aug. 13, 1735. 
 
 :Ajuie Radcliffe, only child and heir, 
 baptized at Mellor Feb. 9. 1661, 
 I'ving Jan. 21, i6S6, when she 
 joined vvitli her husband in the 
 
 ■ sale of Mellor. 
 
 Edmund Radcliffe, ofFogLa'iii 
 anil ' ■ ■ 
 
 o,,lumui,u»'hi,el,ead,ofFuxdento„, 
 
 im;>^^sri:^^^^'^-si^u^^9, 
 
 1725, aged 83 years. 
 
 Had issue. 
 
 lifarlhu Radcliffe. bap- 
 tized at MeUor Sept. 
 20. 1645. 
 
 ;»nne, eldest of the three daughters, coheirs of=Edniund Radcliffe, of Fog Lane '» 'h^ county=pMai7, daughter of William Walker, otMan. 
 Edmund Tetlow, of Oldham ' "' * '' ' "*— " ""' eldest son an" neir, bao- rl,psi..r .«„..«1....... ™„..-:o„» cfl.ti«m..ni 
 
 . - — .-, in the county 
 
 ol Lancaster, gent, married at Oldham Dec. 
 -6, 1709, died without issue Nov. 15, 1730, 
 aged 65. 1st wife. 
 
 of Lancaster, esq. ^— -■ --. ... • — r 
 tized at Middleton Jan. . 'f J' "'« ^™ «. 
 1745, will dated Oct. U, H^" Pro»«i at 
 Chester Oct, 36, 1745 
 
 Chester, merchant ; marriage settlement 
 dated Jan. 25. 1732 i her will dated Nov, 
 17. 1738, living a widow, and executrix to 
 her husband's will, Oct, 26, 1745. 
 
 AnneHadcliffe.bap- 
 tized at Middle- 
 ton, Nov. 5, 1672, 
 died unmarried. 
 
 1 ^ J i-a- .,FS.lnrk5 ill (be county of Lan- 
 
 WUIiam Radchffe, °f S'^'^i^; "' j„„, i , , ,';,«, and 
 caster, S?-;"- «"f ,%'^i, £& was made heir 
 I'n^^e'miid^ftohUnc'phewKn.und.diedu,- 
 
 married about anno 1756. 
 the county of Lancaster, 2nd husband. 
 
 Mary Radcliffe, 
 
 baptized at 
 
 Oldham 
 
 March 13, 
 
 168?. 
 
 The Rei. Edinund 
 
 'i^^S^.f:'^'i •^^l^'^^^^t 1?^"^^- "■ "^'T'"^'' ttf^^^^^^^'^"^:^:'lrr''''''^'^' ^^'>°'^iedS?H; iC bSatPrcstwich, 
 
 ''s^^'^^\:^:ts:-^^:-i^i-'^'^'"^^''^^r''-^^^^ 
 
 T. 
 
 Minchester and married at 
 Mkry Radchffe, only daughter, born S;P^;»;^J^°;^S"f/,he county of'Lancaster. j 
 Prestwich. to Rev. James Lyon, clerk, rector oinesiwi , ^ 
 
 n 
 
 '"'Bathifk"'^'^'^""'"' '«"•"Aug. 21. 1811, baptized a. 
 
 Edmund Ford ^^}«%^"Z^o'{ 
 1812. baptized at Walton-leoai ucl. 
 
 3, following. 
 
 Frances Emily, born Nov. 3, 1813, 
 baptized at Walton-le-dale, Nov, 
 9. 1814. 
 
 Sarah Anno Radcliffe, 
 born June 22, 1815. 
 
 Dulcibella, born 
 Dec. 4, 1816.
 
 LIFFE, No. 2. 
 
 r of Sir Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, one of=Sir Hugh Duttol 
 ed to her third husband Sir Edmund Talbotj of born Dec. 8, 
 
 ^ died anno 1 
 
 293 
 
 aughter and sole heir of John 
 )f the Booths, in the county of 
 , by Maud, liis wife, daughter 
 ■ of Sir John Arderne, of Mo- 
 in the said county, knt. 
 
 Joan Radclytfe, wife of iier coui 
 bert Radclytfe, the grandson 
 uncle William, by dispensatio 
 the pope. =f: 
 
 Trafiord, in the county of Lancaster,=Robert Orrell, ofTurton, i 
 ^ardlll. Lancaster, 2nd hu! 
 
 lyffc, 2nd son, had with his wife a grant=:=Elizabeth, daughter 
 
 Hull, in the county of Lancaster, for of living 
 
 ir lives, from Eduumd Fariiigdon, Uec- Oct. 10, 34 Henry 
 I, 31 Henry VI. VL 
 
 idclyffe, of Mellor, in the county=f:Enmia, eldest of the three da 
 
 y, jure uxoris, 3rd son, living 
 Henry VI. 
 
 coheirs of Roger Mellor, of 
 the county of Derby, esq. 
 
 okeufield, of Dokenfield, in the county of Chester, esq. 
 
 llor,=Margaret, daughter of Henry Stafford, of Bothams, 
 in the county of Derby, esq. 
 
 Catherine, daughter of Thomas Needham, of Thomset, 
 in the county of Derby, esq. 2nd wife. 
 
 J, of Mellor,: 
 , esq. 
 
 :Margaret, daughter of Thomas Stafford, 
 of Bothams, esq. 
 
 th, of Redysh, esq. 
 
 ister. 
 
 William Radcliffe, died 
 without issue. 
 
 , of Mcllor,=pElizabeth, natural daughter of Richard Vernon, of H 
 esq. I in the county of Derby, esq. 
 
 est daughter of Otwell Needham, ofSnitteston Anne Radclitfi 
 
 Cowley, in the county of Derby, esq. William Ko\ 
 
 ^y> 
 
 Thomas Radclifi'e. 
 
 1 
 
 Francis Radclifi'e 
 
 Robert Radclifl 
 
 Drn- 
 dat 
 
 Catherine, daughter of Gilbert; 
 Thacker, of Repton, in the 
 county of Derby. 
 
 iWilliam Radclitfe, of Mellor, 
 said, esq. son and heir, ann 
 and 1G34, biuied at Mella 
 IG, 1G.5G. =p 
 
 .J 
 
 IclitTe, 
 klellor 
 143. 
 
 William Radcliffe, bap- 
 tized at Mellor July 
 11, 1642. 
 
 William Radcliffe, bap- 
 tized at Mellor Au- 
 gust 21, 1643. 
 
 1 
 
 Susanna 
 
 of Me 
 
 his wr 
 
 dated 
 
 )f Tonge Moor, in the county of Lancaster, gent. 2nd son,: 
 llor April lO, 1639, administered to the effects of his bro- 
 J, and granted a release to his son Ednmnd Dec. 8, 1733, 
 m Aug. 13, 1735. 
 
 ;Anne, d 
 in the 
 cheste 
 172.5, 
 
 inty: 
 >ap- 
 e 6, 
 I at 
 
 :Mary, daughter of William Walker, of Man- 
 chester, merchant ; marriage settlement 
 dated Jan. 2.5, 1 732 ; her will dated Nov. 
 17, 1738, living a widow, and e.\ecutrL\ to 
 her husband's will, Oct. 26, 1745. 
 
 Anne Radcliffe, bs 
 tized at Midd 
 ton, Nov. 5, 16^ 
 died unmarrie< 
 
 heirs of James Stringfellow, of Whitfield,=Richard Scholes, of Polefii 
 ed at Prestwich Nov. 12, 1755. died March 
 
 Berkhamsted Castle, 
 t. 30, 1810. 
 
 Mary Radcliffe, only daughter, born Sept. 2< 
 Prestwich, to Rev. James Lyon, clerk, rectf 
 
 Frances Emily, born Nov. 3, 1813, 
 baptized at Walton-le-dale, Nov. 
 
 Sarah Anne Radcliffe, 
 born June 22, 1815. 
 
 Catharine. 
 
 1 I I I 
 Henry. 
 
 Alexander. 
 
 Christopher. 
 
 Anne. 
 
 , of Read, esq. 
 by the first of 
 
 z held one 
 
 lingula of 
 ; the great 
 k^-extended 
 •e the arms 
 
 I suppose 
 i rebuilder 
 ley.) The 
 ! North of 
 3r Nowell, 
 
 are three 
 robabiht)', 
 
 ura, 5 bosci, 
 A was worth 
 
 RSTON
 
 Book IV^— Chai>. If.j HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 Pedigree of Novvell. 
 
 Henry Nowell, ob. Stli Hen.VIII.=pJohanna. 
 
 r 1 
 
 293 
 
 Roger Nowell, ob. 21st Heniy VIII.=p 
 
 I ■ ' 
 
 Christopher Novvell .=fj uliana. 
 
 1 
 
 William Nowell, called son=pAiine, daughter of William Dineley, of 
 of Christopher. j Downham, 5th Henry VIII. 
 
 I ' 
 
 1. F,lizabeth=p:R()ger Nowell =^'2. Ellenor, daughter of Hugh Shuttleworth, of Gawthorp. 
 
 I I 1 1 1 
 
 Christopher Novvell,=pElizabeth, daughter of Thomas Walni=ley John, of Brough, Grace. Wary. Catiiarine. 
 ob. 3d Charles 1. | of SlioUay, IfStli Elizabeth. com. Ebor. 
 
 I I I 1 — I — I — I 
 
 William Nowell, called of Caple- Charles Nowell, drowntd^Daughter of Tho- Christopher.^^ Henrv. 
 
 Alexander. 
 
 Christopher. 
 
 Anne. 
 
 sid?, son and heir of Christo- on the day of his mar- mas Lister, of 
 jihei', had liverv of his lands, riage. Arnoldsbiggin, 
 
 l'i;th Charles 1. * vix. 1661. esq. 
 
 An only daughter.=pWilliam Applcton, esq. 
 '. I 
 
 I 
 
 A daughter, married to Dr. Shepherd, of Preston, who devised this estate to the late Alexander Nowell, of Read, esq. 
 for life ; remainder to her cousin, fiist married to a Mr. Preston, and afterwards to a Mi'. Townsend ; by the fii-st of 
 whom siie had Mr. Wilham Preston, the |iresent owner f. 
 
 By inquisition post mortem Henry de Lacy, it was found that William de Heriz held one 
 carucate in Little Merlay, by the service of the eighth part of a knight's fee. 
 
 The old manor-house of Little Merlay stands in a very singular situation, on a lingula of 
 land, formed by the rocky channels of two torrents, rapidly descending from Pendle; the great 
 bulk of which, to the South, it directly fronts. To the North and West is a widely-extended 
 view of Ribblesdale, from Waddington Fell nearly to Preston. Over the hall-door are the arms 
 of Nowell, with a crescent for difference, quartering a pelican vulning itself, whici) I suppose 
 to have been the bearing of Merlay, with the cyphers C. N. (Christopher Nowell), the rebuilder 
 of this part and E.N. (Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Thomas Walmsley, of Shovvley.) The 
 West wing is built with strong grout-work, and of much higher antiquity. To the North of 
 the hall is a very curious bay-window, which was probably brought by Christopher Nowell, 
 when he rebuilt the hall, from Salley Abbey; for on the dado, beneath the lights, are three 
 shields of arms: 1st. five fusils in fess ; 2d. a lion rampant; 3d. a crescent. In all probability, 
 this had been the embayed window of the refectory. 
 
 * By this inquisition, the manor of Merley Parva is found to consist of 60 acres term, 30 prati, 80 pasturce, 5 bosci, 
 100 jampnorum et britera', 150 mora, et 20 moss.; that it was held by the twelfth part of a knight's fee, and was worth 
 40s. per annum. 
 
 t The above is the best account which I can collect of these last descents. 
 
 IFORSTON
 
 294 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. 
 
 If'ORSTOX AND CHATBURN. 
 
 Though these are now two distinct townships, yet as the latter is absorbed in the former 
 in the inquisition so often referred to, and to whicli we are indebted beyond every other record, 
 for an accurate representation of the ancient state of property, I have judged it expedient to 
 consider them together, especially as the manors have never been alienated from the honor of 
 Clitheroe, as their halmote-courts are the same*, and as they partake of the same natural 
 characters, great fertility of soil, and considerable beauty of situation. 
 
 By inquisition ])ost morf. Henry de Lacy, it was found, that in Worston (including Chat- 
 burn) were :— 
 
 30 acres in demesne, demised to divers tenants at will 
 
 5 acres of meadow — — — — 
 13 oxgangs in bondage — — — — 
 
 6 cottages — — — — — 
 48 acres of arable land, demised to tenants at will — 
 1 water-mill — — — — — 
 
 'William le Heriz, for 18 acres -^ — — — 
 
 Thomas del Clough, 1 oxgang — — — 
 
 Adam, son of Wyot, for 1 oxgang, 2 harriers' collars, &.c. 
 William, son of Thomas, for 1 oxgang — — 
 
 Hugh, son of Ralph, for ditto — — — 
 
 Ditto for ditto — — — — — 
 
 Free tenants.-; 
 
 Hugh, son of Thomas 
 
 -Adam de Craven, l oxgang, pei- servitiit/n!^. 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 IG 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ^.4 11 6 
 
 Worston was long the residence of a branch of the ancient family de Greenacres, of whom 
 the first upon record was Richard de Greenacres, carefully to be distinguished from the knight 
 of that name, his contemporary and neighbour. , 
 
 * The halmote-courls for the manors of Pendleton, Worston, and Chatburn, have been, for time immcmorialj 
 held together, and the claim of the Hoghtons npon the first, in the 15th century, was a mere usurpation, 
 t The freehi>!d was evidently a carucate. 
 J Qu. Whether miliiai-y service > 
 
 I'i:niGREE
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 295 
 
 Pedigree of Greenacres. 
 
 Richard de Greenacres, of Worston, vix. 46 Edward III.=p. 
 
 I ' 
 
 Laurence de Greenacres .= 
 
 Henry de Greenacres, vix. 2'3 Richard 11.^ 
 
 I ' 
 
 Rohert de Greenacres.=pElizabeth, daughter of 
 
 Richard de Greenacre3.=F.\lice, daughter of Robert de Meles. 
 
 ^ T 
 
 Jolin de G!eenacres.=plsabel, daughter of . 
 
 Richard Greenaci'es.=pJane, daughter of Mr. John Houghton, of Pendleton, 8th Henry VH I. 
 
 I 1 — _ 1 1 1 
 
 1. Margaret, daughter of Mr. Anthony=John Greenacres .=p2. .\nne, daugli- Richard, ob. inf. Alexander, Katliaruie. 
 
 Watson, of Coldcotes.. from whom he 
 was di\orced. 
 
 ter of . . 
 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 1. Jane, daughter of Mr. Ro-=Richard Greenacres,=p2. Christiana, daugh- 
 
 bert Sherburne, of Little 
 Mitton, ob, s p. 
 
 ob. 1«18. 
 
 ter of Mr. 
 thoip. 
 
 Bab- 
 
 1 
 
 Elizabeth, 
 
 died 
 
 young. 
 
 Jane.=pTliomas Lister, 
 of Arnoldsbig- 
 gin, esq. 
 
 John =Mary, daugh- Frances, who,=Nicholas, Ralph, Chris- Margaret=pMr. Richard 
 
 Green- 
 acres, 
 ob. s.p. 
 162^. 
 
 ter of John after the death son and 
 
 Dineley, of of her sister heirofR. 
 
 Marston Margaret, in Asslieton 
 
 Hall, near 16'50, became ofDown- 
 
 Leeds. sole heiress. ham, esq. 
 
 ob.s.p, 
 1643. 
 
 tiana, 
 
 died 
 
 young. 
 
 ob, 1650, 
 
 Johnson, of 
 Worston. 
 
 — I 
 
 Thomas 
 Lister, 
 esq. 
 
 1 
 
 Richard 
 Lister, 
 ofCli- 
 theroe. 
 
 Frances, ob. inf 
 
 Frances, ob, inf. 
 
 Next is Chatburn, so called from its shady stream, once probably dedicated to St. Ceadda, 
 the patron saint of the diocese, commanding, on the North side, a beautiful view of one of 
 the most fertile tracts of Ribblesdale, from Salley to Bolton. 
 
 From an ancient survey of this manor, I find, that in the reign of queen Elizabeth it con- 
 sisted of 365 acres of copyhold land, divided into oxgang land, which paid an ancient rent of 
 4(1. per acre; of rood or cssart land, at 5^. and of hall demesne, at 1*. In the same survey, 
 these are asserted to have been ancient prescriptive payments from the time of Edward I. which 
 the foregoing inquisition, so far as it relates to Chatburn, will ])rove to be untrue ; for the 
 hall demesne was then demised to tenants at will, at a rent of 6J. per acre, which may there- 
 fore be considered as the rack-rent of the time. The ancient oxgang land, held m bondage, 
 which is the old copyhold tenure, did indeed pay 4d. ; but the essart lands did not then exist :— 
 a circumstance which can alone account for their being burdened with an heavier rent than 
 the oxgang land, as their quality was generally inferior to that of the other, the tirst planters 
 and improvers of the country having usually, in the Saxon times, skill to choose the lowest and 
 most fertile tracts of ground"^ for the site of their villages, and for the first effbrts of cultivation. 
 The trifling consideration paid by the freeholders for their lands, scarcely id. ob. per acre, 
 demonstrates the superior antiquity of the tenure. From a comparison of the lands held by 
 Thomas del Clough and William le Heriz, in those two villages, the oxgang here will appear 
 to have amounted to iS acres; and the whole of the freehold-lands within the manor will fall 
 rather short of eight oxgangs, or one carucate, which was beneath the average rate of the 
 manors at the Domesday Survey, when 40 carucates of land, in the hundred of Blackburne, 
 
 were
 
 29G HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 were held for 28 manors. Here was anciently a Chapel, dedicated to St. Martin*, which 
 survived the dissolution of chantries, though the site is only now remembered by the name of 
 the chapel croft ; for, in the Assheton MSS. at Whalley, is a petition of the inhabitants of 
 Chatburn to the House of Commons, while Lenthall was Speaker, shewing that one Mr. Green- 
 acres, steward of the manor, had sold the lands and defaced the chapel of St. Martin, and 
 praying a venue for inquiry and restitution of the same. This, however, appears to have had 
 no eftect. 
 
 About twenty-five years ago, a noble discovery of Roman medals was made in this village. 
 They were all denarii, in the finest preservation, of the Upper Empire, and with a very great 
 variety of reverses. The whole number must, according to all accounts, have been at least 
 1000 : about forty of them are in my possession. Among them was a small lamp of bronze. 
 
 These townships, together with Heyhouses-^, which last properly belong to the chapel of 
 St. Michael in the Castle, form the parochial chapelry of Clitheroe ; and, in the inquisition of 
 1650, in Lambeth MSS. it was found that the chapelry of Clitheroe, consisting of the fore- 
 going townships, contained above 400 families ; that their minister was Mr. Kobert Marsden, 
 an able divine, who received a salary of 111. IOa'. out of the duchy rents, together with 25/. 
 from the commissioners of the county, and that the inhabitants of the aforesaid townships desire 
 to be erected into a parish. 
 
 At the Northern extremity of this favoured tract is the beautiful village of Downham, with 
 its dependent hamlet and mesne manor of Twiston. The various manners in which this word 
 has been anciently written, exceed the ordinary laxity of old English orthography ; Donnom, 
 Donnuui, Dounom, Dounum, Downom, and, lastly, Downham. Of the etymology of the 
 word there can be little doubt: t>un, an /////, and ham, an liahitation, exactly according either 
 with the elevation on which the village stands, or with the green and swelling hill which rises in 
 front of the manor-house. This is the only instance in which I have been able to trace the 
 history of property to a period anterior to the Conquest; for, by the inestin)able charter of 
 llbert de Lacy {vide Meklav Magna and Townley MSS. g. I4), the said Ilbert confirms to 
 Ralph le Rous, his brother, the sixth part of a knight's fee, which Aufray had granted to him in 
 Downom. It has been observed before, upon the authority of Domesday Book, and of the 
 Status de Blackburnshire, that, previous to the Norman conquest, every village had its lord, 
 holding only of the crown in capife ; and, it may be inferred from this conveyance, that, after 
 the kingdom was cantoned out by the Conqueror among his principal followers, the inde- 
 peiulent Saxon lords were not totally displaced from their possessions ; but, though reduced to 
 the condition of mesne lords, and subjected to the rigours of feodal law, yet they were per- 
 mitted to hold, or by licence to alienate, their manors at pleasure. Aufray (like Olfrey in the 
 old song, see Dr. Percy's Collection, vol. II. p. 308) is nothing more than a corruption of the 
 venerable name of Alfred; and the discovery is so far of importance, as it stands single in the 
 civil history of the parish, and aflbrds to the curious mind a glimpse into the sera of Saxon inde- 
 pendence and simplicity. 
 
 * " 5'ro stipite sc. Mailini de Cliaibiirn'" occurs in all the later Compotuscs of Whalley Abbey, 
 t Lamb MS. ul infra. 
 
 The
 
 Book IV.— Chap. 11.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 23T 
 
 The manor-house, the centre and one wing of which were rebuilt in the "earlier years of the 
 present possessor, and the second very lately, merits all the attention which his taste has 
 bestowed upon it. In point of situation it has certainly no equal in the parish of Whalley. 
 (^n a lime-stone soil, and with a fore-ground diversified by all that soft and swelling inequality 
 of surface which distinguish the face of Craven, it commands a long and beautiful sweep of 
 Ribblesdale to the West; and, by a small alteration in the disposition of the apartments, might 
 command another, perhaps more striking, Northward, almost to the source of the Ribble and 
 to Penigent. The great mass of Pendle, to the South, is not too near to exclude any portion 
 of light and sunshine, and yet near enough to exhibit, with distinctness, a form more majestic 
 than it assumes from any other point. 
 
 The manor of Downham, by some means or other, reverted to the chief lords of the 
 fee; and, in the 35th Henry III.* Edmund de Lacy obtained a charter of free warren 
 within his manors of Cliderho, Chatteburne, Dounum, &c. And thus it continued till the 
 year 1353; when Henry duke of Lancaster granted it, with its appurtenances, to John de 
 Dyneley, of a family lately settled at Clitheroe, and who had probably recommended them- 
 selves by their services, but originally from Dyneley in Cliviger. They bore : Argent, a fess, 
 and three mullets in chief Sable; the middlemost pierced of the field. 
 
 Previously, however, to this grant, and at the time of the general inquisition post mortem 
 Hen. de Lacy, the state of landed property here was as follows : — 
 
 Free tenants. 
 
 The ancient free- 
 hold land was here 
 
 Dounom, II7 acres of arable land, demised to 
 tenants at will — — — — 
 
 10 acres of meadow — — — 
 
 Certain nativi, holding 10 oxgangs in bondage — 
 The same for a certain customary rent — 
 
 Certain cotarii, for 9 tofts — — — 
 
 "Walter de Waddyngton, for 3 oxgangs, and 20 
 
 acres of land — — — 
 
 Henry de Dounom, clerk, for 2 oxgangs and 
 
 3 tofts — — — — 
 
 £. 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 — 10 
 
 about 1 carucate and .^ Henry, son of Henry, 2 oxgangs — — 
 
 l-4th, which is very 
 near the average. — 
 f^ide WoRSTON. 
 
 Alan, son of Robert, for an essart — — 
 
 Thomas de Chatburne, for a toft-|- — — 
 
 Hugh de Donom, for 1§ oxgang — — 
 
 The heirs of Richard the clerk — — 
 
 Henry de Downom for a toft, 1 acre of land, 1 of 
 
 meadow — — — — 
 Halmotes of Penelton, Worston, and Downom — 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 9§ 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 2^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3B-7 14 3 
 
 * Dugdale's Bar. \o\. I. p. 103. 
 
 t A toft was a messuage inferior to a farm-house, and superior to a mere cottage ; or, in other words, a cottage, 
 With a croffj or otlier small portion of land anuesed to it. 
 
 2 a But
 
 298 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 But to return. — Tlie Assheton MSS. at Whalley Abbey enable me to trace the several 
 descents and passages of this manor with unusual exactness. — 1st, then, John, son of Adam 
 de Dineley, married (as per deed dated 1308) Margaret, daughter of Henry de Dovvnham, 
 and so probably became possessed of a considerable estate here before he obtained the manor. 
 He had Richard, who by his first wife, Alice de Kighiey, had Henry, who married Alice, 
 daughter of John Malhom, of Craven, and died in 1384, leaving only an illegitimate daughter, 
 married to Richard RatclifFe, of Todmorden. By his second wife, Alice Franke, Richard 
 Dineley had issue John, the inquisition after whose death bears date 1416, who had another 
 
 Jolm, living 27th Henry VI. and married , daughter of— Tempest, of Broughton, by 
 
 w'hom he had Richard, who married a daughter of Sir Ralph Pudsey, of Bolton. The inqui- 
 sition after his death is dated 3d Henry VHI. He had John, who died before his father, 
 leaving William, the inquisition after whose death bears date 27th Henry VHI. leaving Henry 
 Dineley*, who, by Grace, daughter of Nic. Tempest, of Bracewell, had William, who lived 
 in the end of Elizabeth's reign, at Leake, near Boston, his father having sold the manor of 
 Downham, Aug. 13, 1545, to Richard Greenacres and Nicholas Hancock ; which three parties 
 afterwards sold it again to Ralph Greenacres; who by deed, dated Aug. 2, I558, sold it to 
 Richard Assheton, tlie purchaser of Whalley Abbey. Again, in I566, Richard Assheton 
 granted the manor of Downham as a consideration for the assignment of a lease of the rectory 
 of Whalley to Edward Dantzey, Esq. Dantze)', however, reconveyed, but for what considera- 
 tion does not appear. Shortly after, Richard Assheton, the elder, appears to have devised it 
 to Richard Assheton, brother of Ralph the younger; whose grandson, another Richard, dying 
 unmarried, left it once more to Sir Ralph Assheton, of Whalley, bart. and thus terminated 
 the first line of the Asshetons of Dovvnham. But Sir Ralph Assheton, jun. bart. having no 
 issue, by deed dated 1678, settled the manor of Downham upon his cousin, Richard Assheton, 
 of Cuerdale, Esq. grandson of Radclide Assheton, Esq. second son of Ralph Assheton, of 
 Lever; a settlement which Sir Edmund Assheton, his brother, attempted in vain to shake. 
 Thus it became separated once more from the elder branch of Whalley ; and, from this 
 Richard, lineally descended to William Assheton, Esq. his great great grandson, and present 
 lord of the manor of Downham -j-. 
 
 The descent of the two branches which have successively held this manor as distinct from 
 the older branch, are as follows : — 
 
 * A ring was liUely found, behind tlie manor-house at Downham, bearing the arms of Dineley, together with an 
 additional charge in base, resembling a grasshopper ; but too indistinct to be made out. It was of silver, but thickly 
 plated with gold ; an instance of economy, in the fabrication of lings, which I never observed before. 
 
 t For the descent of this ancient and respectable family from Orme de Assheton, through the line of Middleton, see 
 Thoresby's " Ducatus Leodiensis ;" and, for the branch of Great Lever and Whalley, see this History, under that title. 
 
 PKniGREt:
 
 Book IV.~Chap. II. ] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 299 
 
 Pedigree of Assheton of Downham— first descent. 
 
 Richanl Assheton, "id son of Ralph Assheton, of Lever, Esq. by Alice Hilton,- 
 held Downham by gift of his great uncle, Richard Assheton. 
 
 Richard Assheton,=:Isabel, daughter and 
 ob. vivo patie, heir of Mr. Han- 
 
 said to be it- cock, of Pendleton 
 toi/c/itfJtodeath. Hall, s. i). 
 
 ^Margaret, daughter of Adam 
 Hilton, of the Park, esq. 
 
 Nicholas As.sheton,: 
 
 author of the 
 
 Journal. 
 
 Richard, Richard Assheton, died unmarried loth Charles II. 
 ob. s. p having devised his estates in Downham and Wor- 
 
 ston, to Sir Ralph Asbheton, of Whalley, hart. 
 
 daughter of Dorothy.=Rich. Sherburne, esq. 
 
 Greenacres, of Dunnow, younger 
 
 ofWorston.esq.who son of Sir Rich. Sher- 
 
 <1'«1 ^^^^- burne, of Stonyhurst. 
 
 Ralph, Margaret .=Mr. Kichard Johnson, Christiana. 
 "I^ap- of VVorston. 
 
 Assheton, of Downham and Cuerdale — present descent. 
 
 Radclitfe Assheton, 2il son of Ralph Assheton *,: 
 of Great Lever, esq. born 158*2. 
 
 ^Elizabeth, daughter of .Mr. 
 John Hyde, of London. 
 
 James, 
 ob.s.p. 
 
 ^ 
 
 John Assheton,: 
 esq. colonel in 
 
 the ser\ice 
 Charles 1. 
 
 of 
 
 =Aiine, daughter 
 of Richaid -Shut- 
 tleuoi th ot Gaw- 
 lliorp, escj. 
 
 Pujlph. Rich. Hellen. Johanna. Alice. 
 
 Eliz. Juliana. 
 
 1 1 
 
 Marg. Dorothy. 
 
 Richard Assheton, esq.=pMary, daughter of Mr, George Pigot, of Preston. 
 
 Rad- 
 cliffe 
 
 Asshe- 
 ton, 
 esq. 
 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 Ralpli=pSarah f, John, 
 Asshe- dau. of ob. s. | 
 ton, 
 esq. 
 
 Bruen, 
 
 of 
 
 Stapel- 
 
 ford. 
 
 Rich. ^Jane, dau. 
 
 of 
 
 (Jeorge, Brooks- 
 
 ob.s.p. by. 
 
 Edni.=:Mary, 
 dau. of 
 Jonas 
 Greg- 
 son, of 
 Pres- 
 ton. 
 
 John, Eliz.: 
 ob.s.p. 
 
 -Barton 
 Shut- 
 tle- 
 worth. 
 
 Anne, 
 ob.s.p. 
 
 Mary, 
 
 born 
 
 1077. 
 
 I 
 -Alex. Lucy, 
 
 son of born 
 Rog. 1679. 
 Now- ob.s.p. 
 ell, of 
 Read. 
 
 r- 
 
 Ralph Assheton, esq. ob. 1729, ict. 3'2.=f=lMary, daugh. of Thomas Lister, esq. of Ainoklsbiggin, co.Ebor. Richard, ob.s.p. 
 
 Ralph : 
 
 Assheton, 
 esq. Sep. 
 
 Jan. 3, 
 1759. 
 
 set. 47. 
 
 r 
 
 : Rebecca, 
 dau.ofVVm. 
 
 Hulls, 
 
 merchant, 
 
 of 
 
 London. 
 
 Eliza- 
 beth. 
 
 :Richard, bro- 
 ther oi Sir 
 Ralph 
 Assheton, 
 of Middle- 
 ton. 
 
 1. Rev. 
 John 
 Wit- 
 ton. 
 
 =Maiy=2. Pere- 
 grine 
 Went- 
 
 wortli, 
 esq. 
 
 Richard, D D. war-: 
 den of Manche.'ster, 
 and rector of Mid- 
 (lleton, bo Aug. 19, 
 17'27,ob.lbOO; bu- 
 ried at Downham. 
 
 Ralph, Anne.=Dr. W, 
 
 died 
 young. 
 
 Cleaver, 
 succes- 
 sively 
 bishop 
 of 
 Chester, 
 Bangor, 
 and St. 
 Asaph. 
 
 1 
 
 William Assheton, - 
 esq. born 17>^8, 
 sheriff of Lanca- 
 shire, 1792, 21st 
 in descent fi'om 
 Orme de Assheton, 
 and now the only 
 representative in 
 the male line of 
 thisancient family. 
 
 :Letilia, 
 dau, of 
 
 Sir 
 Richard 
 Brooke, 
 
 of 
 Norton 
 Priory, 
 CO, Cest. 
 
 bart. 
 
 Rebec- 
 ca. 
 
 . . . Pe- 
 
 nyston, 
 esq. of 
 Corn- 
 wall. 
 
 ~r-i 
 Mary. 
 Eliza- 
 beth. 
 
 =Mary, younger 
 
 daughter of 
 
 William Hulls, 
 
 merchant, 
 
 of London, 
 
 ob. 1815. 
 
 r~l 1 m 
 
 Richard. Eliza-=Jamcs Caroline, 
 ob. s. p. beth. Whal- Catherine. 
 Mary. ob. ley, 
 
 178.5, esq. of 
 buried Clerk- 
 at hill. 
 
 Whalley. 
 
 William .Assheton, esq. born at York March 16', 17S8. 
 
 Mary, born Sept. 25, 1790. 
 
 * There is now, at Downham, a good portrait of this gentleman, with the arms and quarterings of the family 
 and another Richard Assheton, esq, his great grandson, both removed from Cuerdale. 
 
 t Interred at Walton, with this distich on a brass plate : 
 
 " Nunc obiit, cohibe lachrymas, nee credito lector 
 " Vitam, qua- fiierat non nisi sancta, breveni." 
 
 The Brucns, of Stapelfoid, weie celebrated for their piety. 
 
 Tlie
 
 300 HISTORY OF WHALLEV. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 The JOURNAL of NICHOLAS ASSHETON, of Downham, Esq. for Part of the Year 1617 
 
 and Part of the Year following. 
 
 To enliven the dry detail of Pedigrees, which are very uninteresting, excepting to the 
 descendants of the families so recorded, or to a few thorough-paced Antiquaries, I have added 
 the following original narrative, which tallies most exactly with the subject of this work ; and 
 shews our ancestors of the parish of Whalley not merely in the universal circumstances of birth, 
 marriage, and death, but acting and suffering in their individual characters ; their businesses, 
 sports, bickerings, carousings, and, such as it was, religion. The Journal is the more valuable, 
 as it is the work of a man strongly inclined to Puritanism ; because it will shew how con- 
 sistent a zeal for sermons, exercises, &c. was then accounted with a lax and dissipated course 
 of life. A comparison of the manners of the parish, among the higher ranks, at the distance 
 of two centuries and at present, I am happy to say, is clearly in favour of the latter. 
 
 "1617. — May 2d. Hunting the otter: killed one: taken another, quick, at Salley. 
 Sp. * vk/. 
 
 May 12th. Father Greenacres, mother, aunt Besse, John, wyfte, self, at ale-}-. Sp. ivrf. 
 
 Do. 13th. Went to Whytewell:}: to Mr. Steward, keipping the swainemote; sp. virf, then away. 
 
 Do. iSth^ (Sunday), to church. Pson preached. Text, 1st Ps. 3. Alsoe in aft. pr. 1st 
 Ps. 5, 6. Sp. Wyne, all alone, xiu/. so home. First tyme I wore my asshe-cullord close. 
 
 Do. 19. Wee all to Brandlesome ; Mr. Greenhalgh || and his wyffe at Middleton. Sir 
 Ric. Assheton had beene verie dangerously sicke, but somewhat better. Some little unkyndeness 
 twixt Mr. Watmough and Mr. Greenhalgh, cause Mr. Watmoughe nor his curate went meete 
 ye dead corps of Mr. Green: child at ye church Steele, or some such matter. 
 
 1st June (Sunday). Mr. C. P. moved my brother Sherborne^ from Sir Richard Houghton, 
 to do him such fav'', countenance, grace, curtesie, as to weare his clothe, and attend him at 
 Houghton, at ye kings comming in August, as divers other gentlemen were moved and would. 
 He likewise moved mee. I answered I would bee willing and redie to doe S"' Ric. anie svice. 
 
 * i. e. spent. 
 
 f Ale, in old English, is the alehouse ; atten ale, at the ale-house. The first singularity, in the habits of the 
 gentry at this period is, that males and females alike frequented the public-houses ; and tiiat, after dining at home, 
 it was the practice to adjourn tliitiier with their company. Fallier Greenacres is Richard Greenacres, esq. of Worston, 
 whose daughter, Dorothy, Mr. N. Assheton had manied. 
 
 X This beautiftd place had long been the court-house of the forest of Cowland. In 1461, one of the inquisitions 
 after the death of John lord Clifford, killed at Towton, was held at Whitewell. 
 
 § Mr. Assheton at this time princi](ally resided at Dunnoe, near Sladeburne. The rector was Abdias Assheton, son 
 of Abdias, son of John, both rectors of Middleton, as the last was son of Sir Rich. Assheton, of tlv.it i)lace. After 
 evening-service the Journalist took liis bottle alone, at the inn. 
 
 II These were the Greenhalghs of Brandlesome, near Bury. The name became extiirct about 80 years ago ; but 
 the estate was sold by the present Earl of Landaff, about the year 1770, for 25,000?. The large old family-house is, I 
 believe, yet remaining. Mr. Watmough was Rector of Bury, and seems to have incurred the displeasuie of Mr. G. by 
 some want of attention at the funeral of his child. 
 
 ^ Brotner Sherborne is Richard Sherborne of Dunnow, near Sladebiune, Esq. (second son of Sir Richard Sherborne 
 of Stonyhurst,) who married Dorothy Assheton, the writer's sister. The King was now expected at Hoghton Tower; 
 and Sir Ri. haid Hoghton was naturally d'-slrous to make a splendid display of his friends and connexions. 
 
 June
 
 Book IV.— CHArll.j HISTORY OF VVHALLEY, 
 
 301 
 
 June 2d. Tryed for a fox, but found none. 
 
 June 4th. This* evening came Sir Tho. Medcalfe w"' 40 menn, or thereai)outs, at sun- 
 sett or after, to Raydall House, in Wensladale, «•"• gunns, ab* half a score bills, i)icks, 
 swords, and other warlike p'vision, and besett the house, where was my aunt Robinson 
 and 3 of her httle children, w^h went forth shutting ye dore. My aunt left ye children, 
 and went to Sir Tho. desyring to know the meaning of that force; if for possession of the 
 house and land, and by what authoritie; and if better than her husband's, whoe was now 
 at London, she would avoyde w"' all liers quietlie. Hee answered, that hee would not soe 
 much satisfie her: his will was his law, or authoritie for that tyme: soe thev would not 
 sufFer her to goe into the house for her stockings and head-dressing and shoes, w^'' sliee wanted, 
 but shee was forced to goe a long myle, w"> her little children, to a towne called liuske, and 
 thence a foote to Morton, two miles thence. — This nyght was the house shott at manie 
 tymes and entered, but rescued. 
 
 June 5. To Mr. Midlom's and S' Arthur Uaykins? 2 justices, shee could gtt no rea- 
 medie; but went to York, duble-horsed, to ye Councell. Shee left in Raydall House 3 of 
 her sonnes, Jo., Wm., & Rob. Robinson, and 7 servants and retaynors ; one Thorn. Yorke, 
 of Knaresbor', a boy newly come w'^ a 1", and 2 sving maydes. These, w*^'' great currage, 
 mayntayned ye possession, in great danger, against a lawless, rude, and unrulie companie, des- 
 prate and graceless in their actions and intents. 
 
 A mess'' came to me with lef*^* from Morton : found me at Downham : and niv aunt 
 desired mee to come to assist her in that accon ; soe we resolv. to goe ye next Mon. 
 
 June 6. To Gisburne, Newsham, Hellifield, Swinden, Otterburne, Kirkhy Malghdale; 
 iher we drunk. Kettlewell, then dyned ; so to Tarbotte (Sharbotton), Buckdcn Rake ; first 
 house in Morton : ther light and enquired, and resolved to goe to S'' Tho. to Buske, to move 
 him forbeare further violence. Soe to Buske : my ladie ther, but not hee : gone to Marrett-j', 
 Found him drunk; and some half a score, or therabouts, of his followers likewise. Ther met 
 us one George Scarr, his mann, w"' divers well furnished with weepons. This fellow being in 
 drinke, gave us manie insolent respectless speeches; such as, if hee or his companie had 
 
 been sober, or wee anie whit equall in numbers and pvision, we had not with 
 
 such patience. 
 
 Neither colde we be suffered to goe to ye house to spake w"' them ; therfore we went back 
 to Morton, quickening, to see S"" Tho. in the morning. 
 
 This evens, abt sunsett or after, was shooting at ye house, and one Ja« Hodgson, one of the 
 rash barbarians of Sir Tho. coming upon ye house, was shott and slayne. 
 
 * Tliis is a most extraordinary story. Tlie origin of this petty war is not cxpliiincd. Sir Tiionias Metcalfe, who 
 seems to have been a man brutal and ferocious, was of Mappay, in Wensleydale, and might probably have some colour 
 of right to tlie house and estate of Raydale, which lie cho^c to assert by force. 
 
 Raydale is an estate and manor of more than 3000 acres, abounding with game, on the banks of the beautifullittle 
 lake of Semerwater, in a remote valley, which foiks off from the upper part of Wensleydale, at Bainbridge. A primitive 
 simplicity of manners still prevails among the inhabitants; though changed, in some degree, within the last half 
 centuiy. For on the demise of the late king, so little had newspapers, or other vehicles of modern information, found 
 their way into these retirements, that the people really believed the crown of England to be elective ; and that the Lord 
 of Raydale, from his wealth and consequence, was likely to be put in nomination. 
 
 t Probably Maiscdc, a village in the neighbourhood. 
 
 June
 
 302 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. IF. 
 
 June 7. Noe spec-he to be had w"' Sir Tho. ; but my aunt came. Shee gave very few 
 speeches to us; but onl. that the Sergeaunt of Mace and Pursuivant were coming from Yorke, 
 and shee went to Raydall House; but in ye waye shee was stayed, and unmercifully used. 
 Presently the Serj. and Purs, and Mr. Midlome, the justice of peace, came to Raydall ; and 
 ther thos officers took Sir Tho. w"' some five or six of his companie ; the rest dispersed, ev^ 
 one a sundry waye, and went to the house and sett them at libtie. 
 
 Whitsunday, 8. We four to Kettlewell, to Kirkby Malghdale; dyned — to Gisburne; 
 drunk wyne. Sp. in this journey, vis. 
 
 June 11th. Tryed for a fox, found none ; rayne; wet thorough. Home agayne. 
 
 June lo. Sunday Trin. Pson preached; to church. Aft. sermon ; sp. vi^. Home. To 
 church ; pson preached. 
 
 June 16. Foxhunting. 
 
 Do. 17. I and brother Greenacres * to Portfield (rayne), then to Whalley ; foxhunting. To 
 the pond : a duck and dogg. To the abbey : drunk there. Home. 
 
 June 20. At home. A. W. and young Mr. B. shot at Bodkin-}-, at Sladeborn ; and, at 
 22 roodes, A. W. wone. 
 
 Sunday, '22. Pson preached, morn, and aft. Rad. Assheton .| christened ; young Mr. Sher- 
 borne, of Stonyhurst, Mr. Talbot, Salesbury, godf» : cooz. Braddyll, I'ortfield, godmother. 
 
 June 2,3. Downham. Ther one came to us in the strete, and asked if we heare nothing 
 of a bay gelding, stolen from Mr. Holte's, Castleton, by the miller ther, and one silver bowle 
 and 18 silver spoones. I took him to thalehouse, and spent xud. on him. I lent him 11*. Hee 
 was a cheate. 
 
 June 24. To ^^"orston Woode. Tryed for ye foxe ; found nothing. Towlcr lay at a 
 rabbitt, and wee stayed and wrought and took her. Home to Downham. A foote-race. 
 
 June 25. To the foxhunting. Found in the warren. I hounded and killed a bitch-fox. 
 Wee to Salthill ; ther wee had a bowson ^ : wee wrought him out and killed him. 
 
 June 26. Tryed for fox in Worston Wood ; found none. I to Bolton, in Bowland. Tlier 
 pson I], patron, &c. To Sladeborne. Ther we found about the psonage cous. J. Assheton, of 
 Middleton %. 
 
 June 27. Cooz. J. Assheton, self, father, brother Sherborne, fyshed w"* two waydes up to 
 ye bridge ; sent some fysh to ye psonage. Dyned at psonage. Spent vid. 
 
 June 28. Easinton woods, for a fox ; found nothing. Jo. Assheton and I to Brunghill, to 
 fynd a hare. To Sladeborne; ther brother Sherborne gave Jo. wyne. Sp. xiuid. 
 
 June 29. St. Peter. To church ; pson preached. Dyned at psonage. Aft", pson preached. 
 
 * John Greenacres, who died s. p. five jears after this time. Fortficld, near Whalley, was tiien the residence of the 
 wealtiiy family of the Braddylls. • 
 
 ■f The same mark, i suppose, as pricks. 
 
 X This was the baptism of Ralph, son of Sir Ralph Assheton, of Whalley Abbey, bart. and afterwards the second 
 baronet of that name. As " young Mr. Sherborne" was a sponsor on that occasion, the family must then have been Pro- 
 testants. Of the two sons of Ricli.ird Sherborne, Esq. Henry and Richard, the first is said to have died in 1()12 ; the 
 second in 1667, aged Sn. — In tliis account ihcie is evidently some mistake, as neither a dead man nor an infant could 
 have been s-ponsor. !Mrs, Braddyll was Milliccnt, daughter of John Talbot, of Bashali, Esq. Mr. Talbot, of Salesbury, 
 was John J'albot, born I5S2, and probably knighted after this time, as in the pedigree he is styled Sir John Talbot. 
 
 § A badger. || Parson and patron. Ale.KanderEmott was then rector, and . . . Pudsay, Esq. patron of Bolton. 
 
 % A yoimger son of Richard Assheton, of Middleton, Esq. who died s. p. 
 
 June
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 303 
 
 June 30. Self, father, pson, Jo. Assheton, cum aliis, a fox-hunting to Harden, up to Scout 
 Stones; sett ye greyhounds ; found fox ; a fyne ; lost him in the holds. 
 
 July 1st. Hunting fox to Stirrop; found none. 
 
 July 3d. I and Ric. Sherborne to Sladeborne. It rayned ; so wee stayed and tipled most 
 of the day, and were too foolish. Sp'. us. 
 
 July 4. Hunting fox.— July 7. Father, mother, and coz. Radcliffe's wyfe, to Whalley, a 
 psenting my coz. Assheton's wyfe, that lay in*. Coming from Sladeborne, met Mr. Talbot, of 
 Bashall. To Sladeborne ; back again : here tipled till afternoon : left them. 
 
 July 9. To the ale all : GoflTe Whitacre sent for me late to him, and presently back. When 
 I laide me downe, I was sicke w"' driiike. 
 
 10. Home. Fson, &c. fyshed with great netts ; gott some 4/ fishes, and layde away. 
 
 July 11. Two little drafts, with scamel -}- only, above Newton. Got ab' 65 fish, and no 
 samon ; so home. 
 
 July 12 (Sunday). To church. 
 
 July 14th. I to Dunkenhalgh. To Blackburn, to meete old Sir Ric. Molyneaux and Mr. 
 Bradshaw, and wyves and two sons : then we went past the Bund, and niett Sir Tho. Gerrard 
 and his lady ; Sir Ric. Molyneaux, jun. ; his lady and hee came psentiv after, with young Mr. 
 Walmsley +, whose wyfe, Sir Ric. Molyneaux's daughter §, was her first tyme of coming to 
 Dunkenhalgh. Supped, and so to Ric. Ryshton's, to bed. 
 
 July IfJ. To Dunkenhalgh. Dyned. Preston; musick ; dancing. 
 
 July 16. Sir Ric. with all the rest of the gents, to Whalley Abbey; ther wee had a ban- 
 quett. Sir Ric. jVIolyneaux, jun. coz. Assheton, self, cum aliis, to John Hawes || ; back to th' 
 abbey. All but two ould knights to Salburie; then had one course, and missed. East Brad- 
 ford. Ther Mr. Townley, Carr, cutn al. from London ; made merrie, 
 
 July 18. Sir Ric. and Mr. Assheton made a match, dunn eeldintr agst. a dunn nasre: of Sir 
 Ric. at Lirple, for 20 pieces a side; Sir Ric. and my Cooz. to ride light as they can, so as Sir Ric. 
 be ten stone. 
 
 July 19. I heare, that as wheras ther was an Exercise^ granted to be at Doxvnham, by ye 
 byshopp, it was upon contrarie Tres stayed. 
 
 July 20 (Sunday). — To church: pson preached, 28 Matt. 18, to end; but handled iS onlv. 
 Afternoon, to church ; Mr. Leigh preached of the Creed : first time he preached. 
 
 July 22. Maudlin Day. To Broxholme** to dinner. Father, l)rother, pson, to Clitheroe 
 Fair. Cos. Assheton there; coz. Ralph Assheton, of Midlcton. Sj). xviiu/. To Worston to 
 supper; so to Downham. Late to our l)eds. 
 
 * The custom of making presents to women in chilJbed is yet called presSnting, in Craven. Mrs. RatclifT wa» 
 Dorothy Asshe'cn, first "vife of Savile Radcliffe, of Todmorden and Great Meerley, Jisq. Mr. Talbot was soon after- 
 wards knighted. 
 
 ■\ Scamel, acalc'i-n?t; froin^cflmi/e, "catcli that catch may." Cotgrave. — Salmon was ihencauglit a^high asSIadeburn. 
 
 I Thomas VVaimsley, after'-ards kniglited. § .luliana, daughter of Sir llichard Mol)neau.'c, of Scphton. 
 
 II That is, from the Abbey the company adjourned to the inn. 
 
 ^ This Journal is a strange medley. Immediately after an horse-race comes an account of tlie stoppage of the 
 " Exercise," or lecture, at Dounham. Yet liisliop Morton was thought to be favourable to the Puritans. 
 
 ■** This appears to be the true name of Hnnvsholmc, the buime or meadow of the Urock. Dinner, at that time, 
 inferred no stay afterwards, as it was usual to dine at one place and diink at another. And here are all the first people 
 of the neighbourhood flocking to a common fair. 
 
 July
 
 S04 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV— Chap. II. 
 
 July 23. To Harrop Fell : met Mr. Parker*, cum aliis, a fox-hunting. 
 
 July 24. To Whalley, at former request of cooz. Assheton. Bought-|- some things fo. my 
 apparel at Abbey. 
 
 July 25. St. James Day;};. At Whalley : ther a rushbearing, but much less solemnitie 
 then formerlie. Sp. xiid. riiis night was Laun. Ward somewhat pleasant. Extreame heate. 
 
 Sunday. Pson preached ; after dinner, Mr. Leigh. To Worston. Spent xud. ther merrie. 
 
 Aug. 11th. My brother Sherborne^ his taylor brought him a suit of appall, and us two» 
 others, and a livey cloake, from Sir Ric. Houghton, that we should attend him at the King's 
 coming, rather for his grace and reput" shoeing his neibors love, then anie exacting of mean 
 service. 
 
 Aug. 12. Coz. Tovvnleyll (^me and broke his fast at Dunnoe, and went away. To 
 
 Mirescough. Sir Ric. gone to meet the King; we aff him to Ther the King 
 
 slipt into the forest ^[ another way, and we after and overtook him, and went past to the Yate ; 
 then Sir Ric. light ; and when the king came in his coach, Sir Ric. stept to his side, and tould 
 him ther his Maj* forrest began ; and went some ten roodes to the left, and then to the lodge. 
 The King hunted, and killed a buck. 
 
 Aug. 13. To Mirescough; the court. Cooz. Assheton ** came w'*^ his gentlemanlie servants 
 as anie was ther, and himself excellently well appointed. The King killed five bucks. The 
 Kinges speeche ab' libtie to pipeing and honest recreation -\"\: We that were in Sir Ric'' liv? had 
 nothing to do but riding upp and dovvne. 
 
 Aug. 14. Us three to Preston : ther prep" made for Sir Gilbert Hoghton and other knights. 
 Wee were desyred to be merrie, and at nyght were soe. Steeven Hamerton;}:+ and wyfle, and 
 Mrs. Doll. Lyster, supped with us att our lodgs. All Preston full. 
 
 Aug. 15. The King came to Preston : ther, at the crosse, Mr. Breares, the lawyer, made a 
 speche, and the corpoi" presented him with a bowie ; and then the King went to a banquet 
 in tlie town-hall, and soe away to Houghton : ther a speche made. Hunted, and killed a stagg. 
 Wee attend '^^ on the Lord's table. 
 
 * Thomas Parker, of Browsliolme, Esq. who appears to have been the builder of that house. 
 
 f ."Another featuie of manners veiy dissimilar to the present. 
 
 X This was an high festival at Whalley. In the old churchwardens' accounts there are annual charges for dressing 
 and cleaning the church, church-yard, &c. for this occasion. It is curious, however, to observe, that even in 1617 
 the old festivities were beginning to decline. 
 
 ^ Such were the gradations of society then, that the gentry of England disdained not, on occasions like the present, 
 to wear the livery of the rank immediately above them. Yet there is an evident anxiety in Mr. Assheton's mind to 
 have it understood that his appearing in Sir Richard Assheton's livery was merely a token of good-will. 
 
 II Richard Townclcy, of Towneley, Escj. who married Jane Assheton, of Lever. He, too, must have been on his 
 way to wait upon the King. 
 
 ^ Myerscough Forest, near Garstang, then and long after well stocked with deer. 
 
 ** Of Whalley Abbey. I\Ir. Assheton seems proud of his cousin's equipage and appearance. The spirit of clanship, 
 it might have been supposed, would have led him to have made ])art of that " gentlemanlie train." 
 
 ■\f The King was little aware of the effects which this ill-judged licence was likely to produce on the common 
 people : the relics of it are hiiidly worn out to this day ; and there is scarcely a Sunday evening, in any village of the 
 county of Lancaster, which does not exhibit symptoms of obedience to this injunction of " honest recreation." 
 
 1 1 Stephen Hammerton, of Hcllyfiold I'eel, Esq. and Mary Lister, of Midhope, his wife, who was probably sister of 
 BIrs. Doll. Lister. 
 
 §^ A relic of old feodal manners, under wliich every rank served at the tables of their immediate superiors. 
 
 Aug.
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II. HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 305 
 
 Aug. 1(5. Houghton. The King hunting: a great companie : killed aflfore dinner a brace 
 of staggs. Verie hott : soe hee went in to dinner. Wee attend the lords' table ; and ab' 4 
 o'clock the King went downe to the Allome mynes*, and was ther an hower, and viewed them 
 pciselie, and then went and shott at a stagg, and missed. Then my Lord Compton had lodged 
 two brace. The King shott again, and brake the thigh-bone. A dogg long in comino-, and 
 my Lo. Compton shott ag" and killed him. Late in to supper. 
 
 Aug. 17. Houghton. Wee served the lords with biskett, wyne, and jellie. The Bushopp of 
 Chester, Dr. Morion, pched before the King. To dinner. Ab' 4 o'clock, ther was a rush- 
 bearing'|~ and pipeing afore them, afFore the King in the middle court; then to supp. Then, 
 ab* ten or eleven o'clock, a maske of noblemen, knights, gentlemen, and courtiers, afore the 
 King, in the middle round, in the garden. Some speeches : of the rest, dancing the Huckler, 
 Tom Bedlo, and the Cowp Justice of Peace;}:. 
 
 Aug. iS. The King went away ab* 12 to Lathome. Ther was a man almost slayne 
 w'h fighting §. Wee back with Sir Ric. Hee to seller || and drunk with us, and used us 
 kindlie in all man^ of friendiie speche. Preston: as merrie as Robin Hoode and all his 
 fellowes. — Aug. 19. All this morning wee plaid the bacchanalians. 
 
 Aug. 21. I to Boulton, to pson Emmot. Would have borrowed 30/. but hee had it not 
 or would not have itt. Sp. ivd. with hym. 
 
 Aug. 22. A faire day : all to hay : got all wee had in 5[. 
 
 Aug. 23. Downham. Hunting fox on Worsoe : killed one. Another to Pendle. Killed 
 aiTOther fox, and earthed another, after^ killed in the hole. 
 
 Aug. 24 (Sunday). Word came, as I was going to church, that cooz. Thomas Starkie's 
 wyfFe was dead this morning, ab* two o'clock, and hee desired mee to come to him, and my 
 father and mother, to ye burial **. Soe to church : pson preached. Father, mother, self, Fogg, 
 and Carryer, to Downham. I to Twiston : a heavie house. Back to Downham. 
 
 Aug. 25. Assize at Lancaster, Sir Edward Bromley, S^. the Baron 
 
 Judges. To Twiston. Tom Starkie, Mills his father-in-lawe, coz. Gyles Parker, and my self, 
 
 * The alum-mines, at no great distance from Hoghton Tower. Webster says: " Sir Richard Houghton set up a 
 " very profitable mine of allum nigh unto Hoghton Tower, in the hundred of Blackburn, within these few 3 ears (his 
 " book was published in 1672, but probably written long before), where store of very good alonie was made and sold." 
 Hist, of Metals, p. 24. — It appears to have been lield by the family, under a lease from the Crown. 
 
 t A Lancashire specimen of " honest recreation," suited, no doubt, to the taste of James. The whole scene, to a 
 feeling or a serious mind, is disgusting : a strange medley of dancing, drinking, piping, " rushbearing," and preaching, 
 heightened by the unfeeling mention of the King's maiming a noble animal for his sport. I cannot conceive that 
 Bishop Morton would find himself quite at ease, in the midst of such a scene. 
 
 } These, I suppose, were ancient dances, the history of which 1 have little either of will or skill to investigate. 
 
 § " Honest Lancashire recreation" again. 
 
 II We are indebted to the French (and it is no small obligation) for the temperate elegance of modern tables, and 
 particularly for the practice of drinking wine at dinner. At that time they were almost wholly divorced. It is not 
 above 60 years since the Lancashire gentry^ were in the habit of adjourning after dinner to the cellars of inns, and 
 drinking themselves drunk with wine immediately drawn from the pipe. 
 
 ^ Six weeks later (allowing for the Old Style) than at present. This can only be accounted for, by supposing that 
 the meadows were depastured till " Grass-day." 
 
 ** This is characteristic. Mr. A. would not visit a friend in distress, before he bad attended church. The friend 
 was Mr. Thomas Starkie, of Twiston, ancestor of the present possessor. 
 
 2 R carryed
 
 306 HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. H. 
 
 carryed forth the corpps*; soe to church. Mr. Raufhe preached; text, Rom. viii. 12, 13. 
 Soe shee was buried, and dinner 40 mess, provided for. Dyned in the hall -|-. 
 
 Aug. 2ff. Hunting fox;}: to Worsoe : found nothing. The 2d tyme of the Exercyse: 
 Mr. Maurice should have come, but did not. My father stayed to have mett hym. Mr. Peele 
 pched in forenoon, and Mr. Brooke in the after : Dyned. With my father to the warren. 
 They stacke ther deare hay. Sent Fogg to Burnley, ab' borrowing of money ^. 
 
 Aug. 27. Downham. Fogg came w"' answer from Mr. Tho. Whittaker and RoyleTown 
 ley. Noe lending of money. Began to leade first of our corne-wheat. 
 
 Aug. 28. Fogg to R. H. to procure money: not at home. Rainie day. 
 
 Aug. 29. I to Whalley. Had fall off' my horse, in Horrobin Lane. 
 
 Aug. 30. Went forth with Gregson, but light of nothing. To the keeper's : hee with us 
 betwixt Crosdale]| and top of Burne, and into Whitendale, to have killed a stagg with peece, but 
 found none. 
 
 Aug. 31 (Sunday). To church. P'son preached. Aft. Mr. Leigh. 
 
 Sept. 1. To Totteridge. Ralph Anderton shott a stagg, at topp of the East end of Tot- 
 teridge. The keeper's two hounds cast off": brave sport: killed him in the Fence. Soe to 
 Thom. Parker's ^. Broke him up : eat the chine and the liver. 
 
 Sept. 4. Worston : thither came Sir John Talbot: 1st tyme I saw him after his knight^ 
 at Lathom. Hee came to kill a buck, which was sent to Whalley to my cooz. Assheton**. To 
 Whalley, Next, with my cooz. Tho. Braddyll, lately come into the countree. Mr. Chauncellor 
 of the Dutchie, Sir Jo. Dacombe -f-f, and Sir Edw. Mosley the atty, Mr. Wm. Fanshaw, auditor ; 
 Sir Ric. Molyneaux, with divers other countree gentlemen, came to Whalley : light at the Abbey, 
 and psently after went to church, wher Mr. Chancellor wished the copyholders to elect, out of 
 evy manor, 2 or 3 senceable menu, and they should to-morrow heare what manner of compo- 
 sition the King would accept. 
 
 Sept. 5. After supper, a motion made to hunt in BoUand next day, which the Chancellor 
 and all the companie resolved to do ;};:}:. 
 
 Sept. 6. All but Mr. Chancellor into Bolland. At Stable ^Oak. A stag killed at Harden, 
 
 * An ancient usage. The nearest relations always took up the corpse at the door ; and once more, if the distance was 
 considerable, at the church-gates. By forty messes, I suppose, are to be understood so many dishes of meat. 
 
 f At Downham. 
 
 J Fox-hunting and church-exercise on the same day ! 
 
 § Thirty pounds was the sum wanted. To procure which, the borrower and his confidential servant had to ride 
 many miles. — Royle Townley was Nicholas Townley of Royle, I suppose, who died a rich man in 1645. — Mr. Thomas 
 Whitaker was, I suppose, my ancestor, of Holme, who died in 1630. 
 
 II Crosdale, Whitendale, Batterise, topp of Burne, Totter idge. Fence, Staple Oak, Harden, and Brennan j all 
 memorable names in the annals of Bowland. 
 
 ^ Adjourned to Browsholme : broke up the stag, and ate the chine and liver the same day on which he was killed ! 
 
 ** At Worston, Mr. Greenacres had a warren, or paddock, stocked with 28 deer. It still retains the name. 
 
 f f So in MS. but it is Duncombe. 
 
 It This was a busy year. The occasion of this great resort to Whalley was to settle with the copyholders of Black- 
 burnshire, the compositions for perfecting their titles. Men of rank were then men of business. An agent or two would 
 now have transacted the whole. But these gi'cat men did not forget their pleasui'es ; for, on the second day, all but the 
 Chancellor betook themselves to hunting in Bowland. It was extremely indecorous, and uncanonical, to hold a meeting 
 on business purely secular, in the Chiu-ch. 
 
 and
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 307 
 
 and another a little above, which made excellent sport. I with Mr. Auditor, and the rest, to 
 Broxholme, soe to Whalley, and supped ; then to the Portfield, late. 
 
 Sept. 7 (Sunday). All to church : Mr. Leigh, of Standish, preached*. Afternoon, copy- 
 hold business in hand. Divers gents went into the towne w"> S' John Talbot. My father lav 
 in the abbey. I to Portfield again. 
 
 Sept. 13. All hunt in James Whitendale's office -f- : a stag from above Brennan. 
 
 Sept. 14 (Sunday). P'son preached. 
 
 Sept. 15. To Batterise: ther met our old companie of hunters, overrun out of Brennan 
 Stones again. 
 
 Sept. 17. To Batterise : to Burnside and Whitendale, overrun with good deare. A knubb 
 was killed, and a calfe. To Broxholme, and soe to Portfield. 
 
 Sept. 18. To Whalley : a while pleasant. Home. Sp. xiirf. 
 
 Sept. 22. I to Portfield : ther paid up and made merrie. Mr. Alexander Novvell ^, jun. 
 Tables § slurring almost all night. Some conceyted unkindness between Abbey and Portfield ||, 
 but Mr. Assheton the angrie man. 
 
 Sept. 28 (Sunday). Word came to me that a stagg was at the spring: Walbank took his 
 peece, and Miller his, but hee was not to bee found ^. Miller shot with Walbank at a mark, 
 and won. 
 
 Sept. 30. Manchester. Cooz. Assheton, of Whalley, ther. Mr. Hart, my Lord of Can- 
 terburie's gent, was sicke, which hindered the com miss" ** for business of Canterburie, con- 
 cerning psonage of Blakeburne, Whalley, and Rachdale. 
 
 Oct. 4. Brother Sherborne, with cooz. Banncster-|-|-, to Calwedg, to Sir Rich. Fleet- 
 wood, ab' some money owing by Sir R'* father to my Ladye. 
 
 Sunday, 5. Church : pson preached. Mr. Tho. Houghton, ten days since, gave up stew- 
 ardship in Bolland. Mr. Cl;r. Parkinson chosen steward, and I\Ir. Wm. Houo-hton had 
 charge of ye game as is bruted ^^. 
 
 Oct. 6. Clitheroe. Steward Nutter §§ kept Leet, Hallmot, and Wapentake, all of a day. 
 Not soe kept in man's memory affore. 
 
 Oct. 10. Hunted in the forest. Mr. Wm. Houghton gave friendlie entertainment and 
 contentment. 
 
 Oct. 22. My bro. Anderton was at Houghton upon a comm'^ from the Kynge to view the 
 Allome-mynes. 
 
 Oct. 27. A hunting. Found no fox: killed a hare. 
 
 Oct. 29. Riding to Worston, Bro. Houghton and coz, Henry hauking; lost ther hauke. 
 
 * Parson of Standish, a man memorable in his day. He was one of the tutoi* of Prince Henry ; and was great 
 grandfether of Dr. Leigh, author of the History of Lancashire. 
 
 f Office is, here, a keeper's walk. I find a vestige of this sense of the word in Du Cange, voce officium. 
 
 X Younger son of Roger Nowell, of Read, Esq. § Shuffleboard, very fashionable now. 
 
 II Abbey and Portfield seldom were upon cordial terms, 
 
 ^ No objection to kill a stray stag on a Sunday. 
 
 ** This was a commission issued by the Archbishop to enquire into the value of the three rectories, previous to the 
 j-cnewal of a lease. 
 
 •ft I suppose this to have been Bannister of Altham. Colwick, the seat of this branch of the Fleetwoods, was in 
 Staffordshire. t| That is, the deputy stewardship. Sir Richard Molineaux was, at this time, the principal. 
 
 §§ Nutter, of Pendle Forest, was deputy many years. 
 
 Nov.
 
 308 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 Nov. 1. Clitheroe, Ther Talbot, Bashal, and Rob. Radclif, of Preston. Staid with 
 them awhile. Sp. ixd. — Nov. 2. Sunday. Pson preached. To EvS Prayer. Sp. lid. — 
 Nov. 3. Pson cam to dynner, and Mr. Leigh, Mr. Fetherston, Pson of Bentham. — Nov. 4. 
 Downe to the water : Dick killed a mallard and a duck at one shoote ; Sherborne killed a water 
 ousle, 2 pigeons, and a thrush. — Nov. 5. Gunpowder Treason, twelve years since, should have 
 beene; but God's mercie and goodness delivered us from the snare of divelish invention. To 
 church ; pson preached : dyned at p-'sonage. — Nov. 9. Sunday. To church, l^on preached 
 excellently. Home. Afternoon, church. — Nov. 12. Martin, Ryley, and Carr, cam into the hall 
 to us with ale. — Nov. 14. Bro. Sherborne went to th' Arrope and Skelfshaw Fells with gunnes ; 
 shott at a morecock *, struck feathers off, and missed. — Nov. 15. On bill above Walloper Well, 
 shott two young hinds; psently comes the keeper and broke the other deere, had the skin and a 
 shoulder, and v^. and said hee looiild take noe notice-^-. — Nov. 18. Downham; had a faire 
 course w*'' a haire. — Nov. 19. Worston. To the Warren w*"^ my father; sawe ye deare, 28 
 in all. — Nov. 23. Sunday. To church ; P*on preached. — Nov. 24. To Downham, by Har- 
 ropwell. Had some sport at Moorgame with my piece, but killed not. — Nov. 25. St. Katha- 
 rine's Day|. To Downham. Ther an exercise. To Worston. Tom. Starkie, &.c. verie 
 merry, and well all. All at supper. Wee were all temperately pleasant, as in the nature of 
 a festivall day. — Nov. 29. Clitheroe, Ad. Wh. shot with W. Walbank at x score in the long 
 bowe for xxs. shold have shott with steel bowes, but Walbank had broke his string. — Nov. 30. 
 St. Andrew. Church. Pson preached. 
 
 Dec. 3. Went to the steward, Mr. Pkinson. Somewhat to busie w*-^ drink. — Dec. 7. To 
 church. Pson preached. To Downham. Met P. ; borrowed xxx/. of him, and mad a bargain 
 w*"» him to have cl. and pay him x/. a year for x years, and if his two children die w'^'" that 
 tyme goe away w*^' thee/. — Dec. 23. To Rowe Moore, and killed ther 3 heath cockes. — Dec. 24. 
 I, my wyffe, and Fogg, to Whalley, to kcpe Christmas with. my Cooz. Assheton. — Dec. 25. 
 
 Festus nativitatis Chariss niei. At Whalley ; the vicker, Mr. Ormerod, preached §. 
 
 — St. Steven. Word came that Sir Ric. Assheton was verie dangerously sicke. — Dec. 27. St. 
 John's Day. I with my Cooz. Assheton to Midleton. Sir Ric. had lefte his speche, and did 
 not knowe a man. Had not spoken since morning. His extremities began two or three days 
 since. Hee depted verie calmly ab* eight at night. No extraordinary sorrow, 'cause his death 
 was soe apparent in his sickness. Presently upon his death ther was enquiring after his Will, 
 which was shewed by Mr. John Greenhalgli, of Brandlesome, and Sir Ric* second son Ralph 
 Assheton, who. with my lady, were Exors, and Cooz. Assheton, of Whalley, Supvisor. My 
 now Cooz. Assheton, of Midleton, Ric. began to demand the keyes of the gates||, and of the 
 studie for the evidence, and to call for the plate, uppon cause his brother John had some part in 
 them. Ther were some likeliness of present falling out of him and the exors, which certainly 
 
 * No shooting flying till many years after. 
 
 f That is, dispersed the deer. The skin, shoulder, and five shillings, were the price of the keeper's conscience. 
 
 J It is very singular that a Puritan should sometimes refuse the title of Saint to the Apostles, and bestow it upon 
 St. Katharine ; and still more so, that he should think some degree of temjierate festivity due to her day. 
 
 § Mr. Peter Ormerod, Vicar of Whalley, probably of the family of Ormerod. He died in 1630, very suddenly, as 
 his interment is entered in the Register on the fifth day after two entries in his own hand. 
 
 II The old house was a quadrangle, and might be completely locked up. This is a very curious family scene. 
 
 had
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 309 
 
 had bene had not my Cooz. Assheton, of Whalley, soe as was Htel or noe discord. 
 
 The reason was former unkindness between Sir Ric. and his sonn, to W^'' Sir Ric. was moved 
 by my lady, and thos that were of her faccon : but nowe all well, praysed be God, which I 
 praye God to continue.— Dec. 28. Sunday. Innocents. To Church. Ps of Midleton preached : 
 Text, 1 Thess. i. g. To Chatterton * to dinner w»"^ my aunt Assheton. — Dec. 29. Exors, 
 Heire and my Cooz. Assheton in the studie all daye, and ther well all things sett straiHit. 
 Walbank and Adam shott in long bowe. — Dec. 30. To Whalley ward. Had youno^ iMr. Hol- 
 
 den s-|- company to Haslingden. Staid all night at Abbey: verie merrie all w"> dancing^. 
 
 Dtc. 31. To the shoteing. 
 
 Jan. 1. At Whalley. Pson Abdy Assheton pched. — Jan. 2. A foule ranie day: noe stur- 
 ring. — Jan. 3. A hunting w''» Cooz. Assheton, Ric. Sherborne, &,c. With Cooz. Braddyil 
 to Portfield ; eat, drunk wine, and was merrie, and to the field again. Walbank and Adam shot 
 in the Florentine §. Adam's string broke. — Jan. j. Clitheroe. Dyned at Adams- Mr. 
 Michael Lister, Mr. Lambert, and divers from Waddow||. — Jan. 6. Twelfth-day. At ni^ht 
 some companie from Reead came a Mumming^; was kindly taken: but they were but 
 Mummers. — Jan. 7. Pack, rag, all away. — Jan. 9. Henry Dudley, ihe imbroyderer, came to 
 work and teach. — Jan. I4. I to Whalley. The Parson of Sladeborne was gone aflbre. I overtook 
 him at Accrinton, and wee to Midleton w*'' Cooz. Assheton came (sic) from Leaver. I with 
 him to aunt Assheton to Chatterton. — Jan. 15. I had a black sent from Midleton, but because 
 I heard my Cooz. Assheton had none, I sent word to Mr. Greenhalgh that they should give 
 mine to Cousin RadclifFe **. Sir Ric. Assheton's funeral: a great company : la mourner, in 
 my own old cloke. Pson of Midleton, Mr. Assheton, preached, text 90 P*. J2. Divers 
 knights -{~-{~ and many gentlemen ther. All the gent' to Midleton to dinner. — Jan. 22. Cooz. 
 Assheton went on foot, ther being a frost, to see Sir Peter Midleton .||. — Jan. 23. Justice 
 Houlden§§, Huthersal, and Mr. Sudall, the physical pothecar, came w"" us to the Holt||||, ther 
 staid and made merrie. — Jan. 2,5. Sunday. To Portfield. Cooz. Braddyil and I to Whalley. 
 Cooz. Assheton gone before us to meet Sir John Talbot at Blakeborne, and so to Curedale, 
 thence to Waerden^^. Ther Mr. Farringdon. — Jan. 26. Self, Jo. Braddyil, Cooz. Assheton 
 
 * Which then belonged to another branch of the Asshetons. 
 f Of Holden Hall, near Haslingden. 
 
 I While the corpse of their near relation. Sir Rich. Assheton, lay unburied ! 
 § Qu. Whether the Florentine were a species of cross-bow ? 
 
 II Then the piopertt and occasional residence of the Tempests of Bracewell. 
 
 ^ We hear so little of the Nowells in this Journal, that 1 suspect them to have been on no intimate terms with the 
 Asshetons. These mummings were rude masquerades, in which I remember the young people of respectable families 
 to have gone about at Christmas. They were mere pantomimes, whence the name. 
 
 ** I suppose Radcliffe .\ssheton, first of Cuerdale. 
 
 f f The order of knighthood was then \ery common ; but the Knights Bachelors ha%-e been eaten out by the Baro- 
 nets; and even of these, such is the scarcity of titles in this county, it would be impossible to assemble four in Lan- 
 cashire, at present. 
 
 + + Of Midleton and Stokald. 
 
 §§ Of Holden, near Haslingden. The second of these personages is probably the same whom the writer after- 
 wards calls " shuffling Jo. Huthersall." He was of Hothersall, near Ribchester. 
 
 III! On the confines of the parishes of Whalley and Blackburn. 
 
 ^^ The old house of the Farringdons. 
 
 u-tb
 
 310 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 w*'' others went to Walton to see Sir Ric. horses that stode ther, (Here follows a long 
 account of an horse-race.) — Jan. 28. From Litherland to Talk oth Hill *. thinks ther to have 
 drunk and parted ; but my Lord of Darbie was ther a banking, and soe after some talk they 
 fell to the dice, My Lord, Sir John Talbot, Mr. Charnock, cum al'ds. Sir John wonne a 
 litel. — Jan. 29. Wee to Blakeborne. Ther Sir John went home: I to Worston. Ther Mr. 
 Ra''clifle w^^ Mr. Greene, who should be Schoolmaster at Clitheroe. — Jan. 30. Sent Clement 
 with grey gelding to Cooz. Assheton, w'^'' I had sold for xi/. 
 
 Feb. 1. To Church. Pson preached. A Communion. — Feb. 14. Downham. Grafted some 
 stone fruit, which came from Holker. — Feb, 16. My wife in labour of childbirth. Her delivery 
 was with such violence, as the child dyed w*'''" half an hour, and, but for God's wonderful 
 mercie, more than human reason could expect, shee had dyed ; but bee spared her a while 
 longer to mee, and tooke the child to his mercie; for which, as for one of his great mercies 
 bestowed on mee, I render all submissive, heartie thanks and prayse to the onlie good and gracious 
 God of Israeli -f. Divers mett» and went with us to Downham : and ther the child was buried j: 
 by Sir James Whalley, in oure own pue, and the companie such as of a sudden could be 
 provided at Mich. Brownes. A few dayes after I gave to the pore of Twyston, Down- 
 ham, Worston, Chadburn, and Clitheroe, according as their sevall needs required. My mother 
 w**^ mee laid the child in the grave. — Feb. 19. Downham. — Feb. 20. Snowe: traced a fox from 
 Hartill to the warren, and soe from want of doggs came home. Some wyves of Clitheroe 
 heer this day. Fooled this day worse. — Feb. 24. The midwyfe went from my wyfTe to Cooz. 
 Braddyll's wyffe. Shee had given by my wyffe xx.y. and by mee v*. 
 
 March 1. Sunday. Downham to s'vice. — Mar. 4. Downham. Sett some apple-trees. My 
 Cooz. Assheton's vvyfFe came a psenting, verie merrie. I with Goffe Whittacre § this nyght 
 in the house verie merrie. — Mar. 5. In the orchard most of the day. — Mar. 8. Sunday. Down- 
 ham wyves and Worston wyves psented my wyfe. — Mar. 9. Early to Downham. The study 
 over y^ porch begun and fynished this week. — Mar. 15. I early to Portfield. There was Cooz. 
 Mellicent Braddyll deliv'' of a sonne and heir ab' 4 or 5 o'clock in the morning. Mr. Ric. 
 Shuttlcworth, of Gawthorp, came bye, and Cooz. Braddyll and I went with him to Whalley. 
 Ther light at the abbey. Coz. Assheton went w**" us. All to Wyne : then all to Lancaster. 
 Charges to much : idle expences : in all xxx«. Judge Bromley, Judge Denham. xi Executed. 
 Cooz. Edward Braddyll ||, the priest, came to the barr, and was indict for seducing the king's 
 subjects: but had not judgment. Lister and Westbie^ made friends. Coz. Assheton, Coz. 
 
 * In Lancashire. This was WilUam, Earl of Derby, father of James, the great Earl, who was beheaded at Bolton. 
 
 "t" These reflexions are highly becoming : but the ^Vl•iter wanted something serious and solemn to recal his mind 
 from that continued state of dissipation in which he lived. The imjiressionj however, lasted not long : within four days, 
 louse his own word, he " fooled" again. 
 
 + A solemn funeral for a child whicli lived half an hour. It must have been baptized by the midwife. This curate 
 of Downham is here called Sir James, and afterwards Sir James or Mr. Whalley. He was no preacher, and from his 
 style, proves that this title was retained for a considerable space of time , by those who were ordained, after the 
 Reformation. 
 
 § Who GoflfWhittacre was, T cannot tell. 
 
 II There was an Edward Braddyll, brother of John, who is said in the pedigree to have died unmarried at Oxford, 
 but the priest nmst have been an oldtr man, whose name does not appear. 
 
 ^ Too near neighbours to be good friends — Wcstby and Arnoldsbiggin are scarcely two hundred yards from 
 each other. 
 
 Braddyll,
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 311 
 
 Bradclyll, Mr. Radcliffe, cum al'iis, to Longridge Bottom. Mr. Radcliffe to ^Mcarley. I to 
 Worston. — Mar. 22. Sunday. This evening, being someivhut, 8\C. Ric. Sherborne coming from 
 Sladeborne did fall at a little bridge affore his own house, and struck his left shoulder out of 
 joynt. — Mar. 24. Downham. GrafFed some grafts from Whalley. Teeth lanced. I'ooth ache. 
 Head ache. Cold and Rheume. — Mar. 27. I towards Downham. Saw one of my father in 
 lawe's deare dead; but 24 left. Tom Starkie came, and had been at it. — Mar. 20- Sunday. 
 To Sladeborne. Pson preached. To Dunnoe. My bro» shoulder indifTorently well. 
 
 April 3. Good Friday. Received the Holy Sacrament at our minister, Mr. James Whalley. 
 — ^^Ap. 5. Easter Daye. To Downham, to church. After dinner some argument * ab* Mr. Leigh's 
 ministring y^ Sacrament with* the Cirploise, betw. my bro. Sherborne and my father. They 
 difTered soe far as that my father came to Downham, and wolde goe noe more back to Dunnoe 
 to remayne. Coz. Assheton went w*'' Cooz. Ralph Assheton towards Leavers -J~. — Ap. 10. 
 Maide more than merrie. — April 1 2. Sunday. John Greenacres to bee godfather to Ric. Sher- 
 borne's child. Parson of Sladeborne was asked to bee the other ; but by reason of my sis- 
 ter's popish disposition would not; and soe, in want of one, I was taken. — Apr. 18. Jo. Swing- 
 lehurst buried: he dyed distract: hee was a great follower of Brierley;}:. — Apr 20. About 4 
 aft. Cooz. Susan Assheton dyed at Brandlesome. — Apr. 25. Selling a peice of land ■^. Ask 
 xviii/. an acre; offered xvii/. — Apr. 28. Wee w*** many others to Midleton \\^^ the corps 
 and hearse of Cooz. Susan Assheton. Cooz. Assheton of Sladeborne preached : 1 Thess. iv. 
 13, 14. To Chatterton. My housing-cloth stolen out of the stable. — Apr. 29. W"" Coz. Raph 
 to Ratchdalle. Saw Mr. Tillson ||, not well. 
 
 May 3. To church : pson preached. — May 4. With father hunting : home at night. — May 5. 
 Removed to my studie. — May 11. Hunting fox: killed nothing. — May 12. To topp of Pendle, 
 ab* Moss Ground. — May 14. Ascension Day. To Towneley. Cooz. Jane and Rich'' ther: 
 home ag". — May 17. With my father to Sladeborne. Pson preached. To Parsonage. Mr. 
 Leigh aft°. — May 18. To Worston. Coming home on Worsoe. Fogg called Fire in the 
 Warren House. Cuthbert Hearon, the warrener, w*^*" drying of gunpowder had fired the house. 
 — May 20. Hunted fox at Holden, Fouden, and Salley ; found none : killed brace of haires. — 
 May 26. To Whalley, a hunting. I to the abbey. Divers from Dunkenhalgh. Sir Jo. 
 Talbot bowling. Cooz. Townley and his wyfTe. Home, sp. ivd. — May 29. My Grene doublet 
 made. — May 30. Blackborne. Talk with Mr. Morrice ^ ab* the exercise. — May 3 1. Trin. Sun- 
 day. Mr. Turner preached, text Shuffling Jo. Huthersall and I had some wordes. 
 
 * This is human nature. Here we have a man quarrelling about the circumstantials of religion who had just 
 before dislocated his shoulder in consequence of having got drunk on a Sunday. The case appears to have been thus : 
 Mr. Leigh, the curate of Sladebume, and a Puritan, had administered the holy communion without a surplice. This 
 conduct was approved by the Greenacres, and condemne d by the Sherburnes ; for Mrs. Sherborne is soon afterwards 
 said to be so popishly inclined, that the rector Abdias refused to be sponsor for her child. 
 
 f Near Kendal, then the seat of the Bellinghams. 
 
 + Some frantic enthusiast of that time, who turned the heads of his followers, 
 
 § A very high price for land, when it was sold for ten 5ears purchase. It were to ha\e been wished that we had 
 been told where the estate was situated. 
 
 II Henry Tilson, then Vicar of Rochdale, afterwards Bishop of Elphin. 
 
 % John Maurice, or Morres, Vicar of Blackburn. It appears that Mr. Oniierod, the Vicar of Whalley, though 
 a preacher, bore no part in these exercises within his own parish, ••• 
 
 June
 
 312 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 June 2. Wee all to Prescod to a cocking. Sir Ric. Cooz. Assheton to Leaver. Sir Jo. 
 Talbot, of Bashall, Cooz. Braddyll, &c. very pleasant. Tabled all night. — June 5. To Cli- 
 theroe, w*'' two Pud says ; made merrie, and run races, Bro. Pudsay, Tom. Starkie, &c. — 
 June 23. A fishing. Parson of Sladeborne, &c. to Kibble. — June 24. St. Jo. Baptist. Pson 
 of Sladeborne preached. To Fareoke house. — June 25. Divers gentlewomen from Stonyhurst 
 called ther, and soe to a pigg eating* at Newlands ; made merrie. — June 28. Mr. Ormerod 
 preached : I to Clitheroe w*'' him. Home. Peter's-day. Walt. Leigh came and brought 
 word that Pson of Midleton, Mr. Assheton -|-, was dead, and Pson of Sladeborne like to suc- 
 ceed. — June 30. The exercise. Mr. Maurice preached : text, " Beware of the leaven," &c. 
 Mr. Dugdale preached in aft. text, i. Rev. 9. 
 
 July 5. Sunday. W"i my Cooz. Assheton and Cooz. Braddyll, to Mr. Sheriff his house 
 Gawthorp:}:. — July 6". Removed wanscot in great chamber, and other work. Bedposts in great 
 chamber new. — July 19. Sunday §. Sherborne, Starkee, &c. to Clitheroe : staid drinking 
 some wyne: soe to a summer game: Sherburne's mare run, and lost the bell: made merrie : 
 staid until, &c. 2 o'clock at Downham. — July 20. Rif. Lister fell out w'^^ his bro. or rather 
 hee w^*" him, and came from Arlebuggin. 
 
 Oct. 17. 'Mrs. Christian Greenacres, my mother-in-law, dyed at York, under the Phy- 
 sicons hands. Dr. Wadko||, Poloniau. — Oct. 19. I to Worston, where I found a sorrowful 
 house. 
 
 Dec. 24. My father, mother Sherborne, w*-^ our servants, to Whalley, to spend Christ- 
 mas. — Dec. 28. Monday. To Whalley, w* Cooz. Braddyll, &c. My father-in-law feared 
 himself, as I thought, but that few or none can judge truly of his purposes (hee is soe privatt), 
 and unwilling to dye from Worston ; went to Worston, and his familie w*"^ hym ^. 
 
 Jan. 1. I to Extwisle, to Mr. Jo. Pfeer **, to bee of Commission for my Cooz. Robinson ag=' 
 Sir Thomas Metcalfe -f-f-. W**" much ado, and some money I got him. — Jan. 7. W*^ Cooz. 
 Assheton home. Maskeing, gameing, oth. friendlie sports. All away, pack ragg, all day. — 
 Jan. 12. Mr. Barrow's Commission for old Nowell's will;}::}:. Nowell and that ptie though much 
 att me. 
 
 Nov. 4. Towards London, ab' the hearing ag" Midleton, in Cur. Ward, for the tenure of 
 bis land §§. To Portfield for To. Braddyll, who went our journey. To Manchester, Bull's 
 
 * What was this ? 
 
 f Abdias Assheton, the elder. Fellow of St. John's College, and supposed to have been the author of Dr. Whi- 
 taker's " Life." 
 
 X Richard Shuttleworth, Esq. Sheriff of Lancashire. 
 
 § Horse-racing for a wager, followed by hard drinking on Sunday evening, an " honest recreation" ! 
 
 II I never heard bcfoie or since of this Polish Physician. 
 
 ^ Ricliard Greenacres died the year following; but I am unable to ascertain the day or month. 
 
 ** John Parker, Esq. died 1633. 
 
 ■ft I fear that there are no Records extant of the Court of Starchamber to prove what was the event of this suit. 
 Tliere can, however, be little doubt that an heavy fine would be imposed on the knight for so outrageous a breach of 
 ihe peace. 1 1 Of Little Mearley. 
 
 §§ I do not know where these lands were; but the dispute evidently was, whether they were held in chivalry or 
 
 socage, a point which materially affected the right of wardship. From Manchester to London the distance is 1S7 miles, 
 
 according to the old computation 143, and took up six days ; but observe, the party halted on Sunday, and went 
 
 to church. 
 
 Head
 
 BookIV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 3lS 
 
 Head, Hellivvells. — Nov. 5, Tom Braddyll, Jo. Greenacres, Henry Hamond, and self, towards 
 London. To Castle: Mr. Shaw's, Eagle and Child: Sir Cuthbert Halsey * ther: 28 myles. 
 — Nov. 6. Sir Cuth. gone affore us: wee overtook him, and left him at Litchfield. Wee to 
 Midleton, Mr. Bartlet's, the Saracen's Head, 30 miles. — Nov. 7. To Coventrie, and Dayntrie 
 XXVI myles. The Bushop of Bangor ther, Dr. Baylie. A verie foule, raynie, stormie daye. 
 This daye my Cooz. Assheton, of Midleton, dyed. — Nov. 8. Sunday. Went to the church : 
 my Lord Bushop preached: t. Prov. xxviii. 13. Hee preached in thaft'noone. Wee away to 
 Stonie Stratforde, Mr. Greenes, the Cocke, xv myles. — Nov. 9. Wee to Barnet, the Rose and 
 Crowne, Mr. Lennoy, 34 myles. — Nov. 10. To London, the Chequer in Holborne, x myles. 
 . — Nov. 15. Sunday. St, Piilchar's: Dr. Kyng, Bishop of London, preached, 77 Ps. x. — 
 Nov. 19. Reteyned my counsell Mr. Shierfield -f. — Nov. 20. This day the cause in the Court 
 of Wards should have been heard, but was not : deferred by the attorney's favour, and 
 Shierfield's slowness. — Nov. 23. Mr. Henr. Hamond j' away to Lanc''^. Attended and reteyneil 
 Serj. Crue. — Nov. 26. To my Lord Wallingford's § house, about getting a day of hearing next 
 tearme. 
 
 Dec. 1. Sworne in the Star Chamber. Robinson's occasions staid me in the towne. 
 Examined in the Starr Chamber ab* Raydale business. — Dec. 2. This evening, to Barnet, the 
 Antelope. — Dec. 3. To Mimms. Wee on the way shott at thrushes. Came to Dunstable, 
 29 miles, the White Horse. Ther was Mr. Edw. Rawsthorne, younger. Thither afterwards 
 came Coz. Standish, of Standish. — Dec 4. Tester, Mr. Blands, the Raj' ne Deere ; 20 miles. 
 To Coventrie, 24, the Starr, Mr. Forrells. — Sunday. To Litchfield, 20, the George, INIr. Jod- 
 rell. To Talk oth Hill, 28, the Swann, Mr. Shawes.— Dec. 8. Capt. Rawsthorne, to the Bull's 
 Head, Manch', 24 myles. — Dec. 9. To Burie, to Eatenfield, p'*"* with Capt" R||. To Worston, 
 22 myles. — Dec. 14. Worston. Tom. Starkie and his wyfTe. 
 
 Jany. 22. (London again). To the Bell, in Gray's-inn-lane. Sander^ and George supped 
 w''' mee. — Jan. 23. Sir Lionell Cranfield **, Mr. of the Wardes, first tyme of his sitting. — 
 Jan. 27. The King sate in the Star Chamber, and the Prince, about the great cause twixt Exe- 
 ter, La. Cecill, and Leake, Sir Tho. and Lady Rosse. — Jan. 29. King late in the Starr Chamber. 
 — Jan. 31. St. Andrews. EK. Ducket. 
 
 Feb. 2. Candlemas-day. To Westm'. th.er Sander and I sawe a gentlewoman, a gro- 
 cers d^ as a SHter to her. — Feb. 8. The business for Yeamond Robinson, for cutting off his 
 hand, was heard in Geild-hall: hee recoV^. 52/. and 4 ni". costs-j-j-. — Feb. 10. Our cause was 
 
 * Sir Cuthbert Halsall, of Halsall. 
 
 f The notorious Sherfield, wlio made six fraudulent conveyances of hii estate, and after all, left it to pious uses. 
 See Strafford's letters, vol. I. p. 206. 
 
 X One of the Hamonds of Whalley, nearly allied to Dean Nowell and to Dr. Henry Hamond. 
 
 § William Viscount VVallingford, blaster of the Wards, the filiation of whose issue, or rather that of his lady, is 
 yet undecided. II Of Newhall, in Tottington. 
 
 ^ Who Sander is I know not ; but have little doubt that by George is meant George afterwards the celebrated Sir 
 George Radcliffe, then a young lawyer of Gray's lini. 
 
 ** Afterwards Earl of Middlesex, who had just succeeded I^rd Banbury (VVallingford) in the Wards. 
 
 ft This is explained by a former article. " Peter's day. Yeamond Robinson (I supiwse of the Raydale family) cutt 
 dangerously and wounded, in danger of deathe : self to Coulton to him." Also, " July 7. Mr. More came to hclpc 
 John Lawe at the cutting off of Yeamond Robinson s hand. ' Why was the action tried at Guildhall when the cause ori- 
 ginated in Lancashire ? 
 
 2 s called
 
 314 HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. IL 
 
 called and Mr. Wainesford * alledg. that Mr. Dovvnes was of counsel 1 \v^^ his client. He was 
 more fully instructed. Cause deferred. — Feb. 11. The cause in Court of Wardes heard twixt 
 Midleton compl. in a bill of traverse, and Ric. Assheton and W™. Walbank def'ts. Full evi- 
 dence on Midieton's side: depositions: 2 olde deedes : and Blackborne Assize : Mr. Downes 
 and Mr. Wandesford his counsell ; and Sherfield and my Cooz. Banester ours. Wee shewed 
 Ireland's Office, and red depositions, long in heereing, and ordered against Midleton. The land 
 to be holden in knight's service. — Feb. 14. Sunday. Frances Assheton deliv'^ of a girle, at 
 Downham. — Feb. l8. Marg* Assheton christened. Ellenor Assheton, Cooz. Assheton's wyffe of 
 Whalley, and my Cooz. Braddyll's wyffe Mellicent, godmoth'^ Sir James, al^ Mr. Whalley, 
 christened it. 
 
 March 1, 2, 3, Staid for Mr. Assheton. Queene Anne, Queene of England, dyed at 
 Hampton Court, ab' 4 of the clock in the morning. — March 5. To Ware, and so to Puck- 
 eridge, 25 m. — Mar. 6. To Royston, 8 m. to Huntingdon, 16, to Stilton, the Angell, 9 m. : 33 
 miles. — Mar. 7. Sunday. To Gunn Ferrie, Deeping, Burne, Fauldingham, ther bayted, I wearie, 
 and soe to Nocton: my Cooz. Towneley his wyfFand familie ther-|-. Ther first tould mee my 
 vvyflrwas delivered, and had a girl. 38 miles. — Mar. 9. Went all away and my Cooz. Towne- 
 ley w**» us to Lincolne. Dyned w^^ Mr. Docter Parker, Deane of Lincolne ;{:. Ther we pted 
 with Mr. Towneley, and wee to § Ferrie, 9 miles, and so to Bautrie, 9 more, 18 myles. — 
 Mar. 10. Al to Doncastr, and staid and made merrie, and then 4 myles further to Robin Hood 
 Well. They to Bradford for Lanc''^ || ; I, Jo. Greenacres, and Walbank, to Yorke ^, the Starr, 
 Mr. Tiremans, 32 miles. — Mar. I3. To Skipton, dined, soe home, 32 miles. 
 
 Thus ends the Journal of Nicholas Assheton, then a young and active man, engaged in 
 all the business, and enjoying all the amusements of the country. What he might, in a rainy 
 day and a serious mood, have done for himself, I will now do for him, or rather for his 
 readers — analyze this curious fragment, and assign every portion of time accounted for, 
 to its proper occupation : premising, however, that there are great chasms in the Journal, one 
 of three months at least; and that the days which are marked " home," &c. are passed over 
 as blanks, though, perhaps, better spent than many which are more strongly characterized. 
 In this period then, he accounts for the hearing of forty sermons, three of them by as many 
 Bishops, and for one communion. On the other hand, he records sixteen fox chases, ten stag 
 hunts, two of the buck, as many of the otter and hare, one of the badger, four days of grouse 
 shooting, the same of fishing in Ribble and Hodder, and two of hawking. Shooting with the 
 long and cross-bow, horse-matches and foot-races, were other means of consuming time without 
 doors; and dancing, masking, shovegroat (once all night long), and dice within doors. Stage- 
 
 * This is not the celebrated Christopher VVandsford, the friend of Lord Strafford, but another person of the same 
 sirname, who afterwards became Attorney of the Wards. 
 
 f This was a fine estate then belonging to the Towneley family, which they inherit< d from the Wimbishes, an<l 
 vvhere they seem to have spent their winters. 
 
 + Dr. Roger Parker, Dean of Lincoln, a son of the family of Browsholme. He died in 1629, aged 71. 
 
 ^ Littleborough, on the Trent. 
 
 II Not to Halitax; the road then Iving from U'akeficld througli A'lwalton to Bradford, thenc^> to Luddenden, and 
 $0 over the Long Causeway into Lancashire. 
 
 ^ His father, Greenacres, wa^ th>n imder the c.^re of Dr. \A'adko. He died this year. 
 
 plays
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 31.5 
 
 plays and cards are never mentioned. As a scale by which the writer measured the degrees of 
 his own intemperance, and a catalogue of his excesses, let the Reader attend to the following: 
 " merrie" eleven times, " verie merrie" once, " more than merrie" once, " merrie as Robin 
 Hood" once, " plaid the bacchanalian" once, " somewhat too busie with drink" once, " sicke 
 with drinke" once, " foolish" once, and lastly, " fooled this day worse" once. With all these 
 confessions we hear of neither resolutions nor attempts at amendment. 
 
 In this short period he saw four deaths of the Asshetons ; he attended the King at Hoghton 
 Tower; assisted in quelling a private war in Wensleydale; attended the king's commissioners 
 in the great cause of the copyholds of Blackburn Hundred ; and took two journeys to London 
 on business with the Court of Wards and Star Chamber. A man more largely connected, or 
 extensively acquainted in his country, there probably never was. In South Lancashire we find 
 him familiarly conversing with the Earl of Derby, Sir Cuthbert Halsal, Mr. Standish, &c. 
 On the side of Craven, with the Pudsays, Tempests, Listers, Westbys, and Lamberts. Within 
 the Honor of Clitheroe itself, the dramatis pcrsuuce in this lively scene are among the Clergy, 
 the Rectors of Bury, Middleton, Sladeburn, and the Vicars of Whalley, Blackburn, and 
 Rochdale; and among the laity, no fewer than twenty-seven of the principal families, which 
 constitute the genealogical part of the History of Whalley. All these were then resident and 
 keeping hospitality on their own estates. What a revolution have two centuries produced I Of 
 ten of these, Holt of Castleton, Assheton of Chatterton, Nowell of Read, Greenhalgh, Bercroft, 
 Braddyll, Talbot of Bashal, Sherburne, RadclifFe, and Greenacres, the ancient mansions are 
 sold: of the rest, five, namely, Rawsthorne, Hoghton, Parker of Extwistle, Shuttleworth, Starkie 
 of Twiston, still exist in possession of their old estates, but are not resident. Eight more, 
 namely, Townley of Royle, and Carr, Holden, Assheton of Whalley and Middleton, Walmsley, 
 Barcroft, Talbot of Salesbury, have merged in heirs female: while four only, that is to say, 
 Towneley of Towneley, Parker of Browsholme, the successor of the Author of this Diary in 
 the estate of Downham, and his Annotator at Holme, represent, without change of name or 
 habitation, the individuals with whom it brings us acquainted, in the beginning of the seven- 
 teenth century. Let those of the same rank in life make the comparison, and draw the con- 
 clusion for themselves ; but, in my apprehension, the balance is strongly in favour of our own 
 times. At all events the picture is lively and curious. 
 
 OIOX AHOIXOMENfiN ANAFCN AIAITAN MANTEL Pindar. 
 
 The Parochial Chapel of Downham, dedicated to St. Leonard, and in the patronage of the 
 Right Honourable Assheton Lord Curzon, is of uncertain antiquity; and, though not of equal 
 date with Colne, Burnley, and Clitheroe, is yet of the old foundation, and certainly existed 
 before the foundation of Whalley Abbey, as it was the last chapel enumerated in the ap- 
 propriation of the rectory. It was endowed with the usual allotment of glebe, viz. two 
 oxgangs of land now belonging to the appropriator, and measuring exactly 36 acres 3 roods 20 poles. 
 
 By deed, without date, Roger, Rector of the church of Whalley, grants to Jordan, son of 
 Pelliper *, four acres in " campo de Donnora, subter Grenthow in feodo et hereditate habend. 
 *' et tenend. de Deo, et omnibus Sanctis (the ancient dedication of Whalley) et ecclesia de 
 
 * Pelliperius, the tanner. 
 
 ^ " Whalley,
 
 316 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 " Whalley, teste Ughtred Clerico de Wlial. Gilb. Capel. de Whalley." And by another deed, 
 without date, but about the year 1300, WiUiani de Grenehow quitclaims the said four acres 
 in Grenehow " Deo et Cap. scti. Leonardi de Donnum et Abbati et Conventui de Whalley 
 " rectoribusque ejus, Test. Job. de Tvvisleton." The present fabric, is a plain Gothic building, 
 with a tower, two side ailes, a North and South chapel, and a middle choir, now verging to 
 decay, and about to be rebuilt by the laudable attention of the present lord of the manor *. 
 The font, though angular-j-, is of considerable antiquity, and bears the following shield : a 
 cheveron between three fleurs de lys, colours effaced, ^u. whether Downham r 
 
 The three bells of this church have the following inscription in Old English characters : 
 
 " Vox Augustini in ara Dei." " Sta. Margareta ora pr. nobis." " Sta. Katharina ora 
 
 " pr. nobis." The word after Augustine, I do not understand ; but I am almost certain that 
 they were part of the bells belonging to the abbey church, removed from thence by the earlier 
 Asshetons. Dedications of this kind were general upon the bells belonging to conventual 
 churches, but very unusual in parochial churches or chapels. 
 
 The North Chapel is the jiroperty and burial place of the Starkies, of Twiston, of whom, 
 however, there is only one memorial. 
 
 Here lie the remains of 
 Ann, 
 Daughter of Thomas Yatman, of London, Merchant, 
 and Wife of the Reverend Thomas Starkie, Vicar of Blackburn, 
 who departed this life the 26th day of January, 17^5, 
 in the 40th year of her age. 
 This stone is erected 
 as a sincere testimony of conjugal affection, 
 as well as a frail monument 
 of those rare accomplishments and Christian graces, 
 which adorned her life, 
 and prepared her for Immortality. 
 The Choir on the South is appropriated to the manor house, and, in a vault;}: beneath, rest 
 many of the Asshetons, of Downham. On mural monuments above, are the following memorials 
 
 of the family : 
 
 " Animam Creatori. 
 
 " Neere this place lyeth the bodie of the Right Hon. the Ladye Dorothy Assheton, 3d 
 
 daughter of Nicholas, late Earle of Thanet Island, a loving and faithful wife to Ralph Assheton, 
 
 of Downham, in Lancashire, Esq. eldest son of Sir Ralph Assheton, of Whalley, in ye said 
 
 countie, Bart, who changed her painful life with much patience, in hope and comfort of a 
 
 joyful resurrection, 28th Jan. 1635, aet. suae. 29. 
 
 " The righteous have hope in death. 
 
 " A husband's love, thy parent's pietye. 
 
 Dedicate this unto thy memorie, 
 
 * It lias since been completely rebuilt. 
 
 f It must be icmciiibered that the most ancient form of fonts was cylindiical. 
 
 i This vault was made by Sir Raphe Assheton, A. D. 1(555. Assheton's MSS. eo anno. 
 
 And
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 3,7 
 
 And 'tis my resolution, when I dye. 
 
 Under tins place to bear thee companye. 
 
 That both together, when the trumpe shall sound. 
 
 Thy husband with thee maye in it be found. 
 
 " Unum. * nee tamen carni domus ultima tcllus 
 Corpus enim (spes est) petat hac quoque coelica tecta. 
 
 " Shee was good to the poore whilst she lived. 
 And at her deathe she was not unmindful of them." 
 
 On a large mural monument, in the same choir, is the following inscription: 
 
 " In memory of Sir Ralph Assheton -^, of Whalley, in the county of Lancaster, Bart, and 
 
 of Dame Elizabeth, his wife, and of their son Ralph. Sir Ralph Assheton died ^Otli .Jan. 1680, 
 
 and was interred in this place. Elizabeth, 2d wife of Sir Ralph Assheton, who was daughter 
 
 of Sir Sapcote Harrington, died June 8th, 1686, and was buried in the New Chapel, West- 
 
 * Sic. but as this is both false quantity and nonsense, I suppose that we ought to read " Uuica nee tandem." 
 f This Sir Ralph Assheton, irritated, as it may seem, by Archbishop Laud's conduct to his father, took an active- 
 part on the parliamentary side, in the civil wars of the last century ; and I have now before me many original letters 
 on this subject, from which the following are selected as specimens, of a long correspondence with Mr. Alexander 
 Norris, of Bolton, a man zealous in the same cause, concerning the transactions of those times. 
 
 " Mr. Norris, 2d Julii, 1(;45. 
 
 " 1 rejoice to heare yt my son's regiment doeth so well before Latham, as is represented in yr letter. Yu 
 seem much to desyre my comminge downe, but I see few others desyrous of it, and here it is represented, yt Col. Holld. 
 and Col. Rigby aie the men desyred by the counti'ey ; if yt be so, yu shall not have mee to come amongst yu, for I will 
 never joyne wth tlieni agayne : nevertheless I will here doe the best seruice I cann for my countrey, so yt ye doe show 
 such respect to my sonn J, and his otficere and souldiers, as may encourage them to continue in ye seruice. But if 
 Stanley, Booth, Holcroft, Egerton, and such like, must be applauded and chiefly observed, I will not only stay here, 
 but send for my sonn to come to me, for I scorne yt hee shall receave orders from them. I am much displeased at ye 
 committnit. of Cot. Birch and Mr. Haiyson, beca\ise I know yt they are honnester, and have done more faythefuU 
 seruice for the parliamt. then all the other yt did committ them. I heare the princlpall occasion of complt. agt. Col. 
 Birch, was his opposing the great laye for the leaguer of Latham, in which he did so well so much seruice for the 
 countrey, (for it was illegal both in matter and manner) yt I wonder the countrey doth not petition the parliamt. for 
 the release of him and committrat. of all them. 
 
 " Yr very lovinge frend, 
 
 " Raphe Assheton." 
 
 " 13th Mali, 1645. 
 " Here is litle newes, but yt the king is goeinge northward to rayse Chester seidge, and recrute his armie, 
 yt is weak; I praye Gd. to save or county, and if the countrey will but ryse unanymously and joyn with Sr Will 
 Brereton, it may be done, for Lieutent. Genneiall CromweU and Major Gennerall Browne follow him wth a great 
 force, and if but a little interrupted, will overtake him, and if the Scotch will doe any thing for us, mee think wee 
 should bee in good safety. The Lord direct all for his glory, and for or poore nation. So prayeth yr loving frend. 
 
 Raphe Assheton." 
 : I do not know who is meant by his son : none appears in the pedigree but Ralph, who died a boy. 
 
 Mr.
 
 318 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. II 
 
 minster. Ralph, the only child of Sir Ralph Assheton and his wife Elizabeth, died at Wal- 
 lingford, in Berkshire, about the 8th year of his age, and was interred there. This monu- 
 ment was erected by Dorothy Bellingham, relict of James Bellingham, of Levens, in West- 
 moreland, Esq. and sister to the said Lady Assheton, A,D. 1703." 
 
 Against the opposite wall is the following: 
 
 Assheton impaling Lister. 
 
 " In the vault beneath are interred the remains of Ralph Assheton, Esq. Lord of this 
 Manor, and Mary, his wife, daughter of Thomas Lister, Esq. of Arnoldsbiggin, in the county 
 of York. She died, Jan. 9th, 1729, aged 33 years. Her disconsolate husband, on the 21st 
 of Sept. following, aged 32. Their surviving children were Elizabeth, by whom this token of 
 respect is placed ; Ralph, who succeeded to the estate ; Mary, and Richard." 
 
 This, like almost every other series of funeral inscriptions, brought down to the present 
 century, bears testimony to a general decay , of Christian language, in a species of composition 
 where, above all others, the continuance of it might be expected. To the prie? pour ^a alme 
 and the orate pro anrnia of popery, succeeded, in epitaphs of the next century, a declared expec- 
 tation of the second coming of Christ, and of salvation through his merits. 'Ihis was com- 
 fortable and edifying to the reader, and thus the language of inscriptions powerfully seconded 
 that of the pulpit. But the modern lapidary style is no more tinctured with the hopes of 
 Christianity, than if it were intended to record the merits of an heathen, or to adorn the walls 
 of a mosque. Inflated panegyrics on intellectual attainments, or relative virtues, on the pro- 
 found scholar, the upright lawyer, the affectionate husband, the tender parent, the faithful 
 subject, just serve to excite in the reader, if he believe them, deep regret that so much excel- 
 lence has perished, and rivet his attention down to the grave beneath his feet, in which, for 
 any expectation which these memorials afford to the contrary, souls and bodies might be in- 
 terred together — O curvce in terras animce et ccelestiian iiianes ! The same progressive 
 declension from religious sentiment has been lately remarked by an excellent prelate*, nearly 
 connected with the immediate subject of this chapter, in the language of wills and testaments. 
 It is said, that many conveyancers of the first eminence at present, utterly refuse, even when 
 requested, to admit a word savouring of piety into the preambles of these preparatives for 
 death ; and I have the highest authority for affirming, that in this diocese such language has 
 generally ceased in those wills which are proved in the superior court, while it is as generally 
 retained in those which come before the rural dean or his officials. Analogous to this is the 
 style yet preserved in epitaphs of the lowest order, which, while they blunder very innocently 
 
 " Mr- Nokris, Uth Jun. 16'-15. 
 
 " Since the taking of Leycester, the king is niarclied to Hai borough yesternight, and Syr Thomas Fayifas 
 called of from the seige of Oxford, so yt I hojje the king will not lunn upp and downe the kingdonie as he has done, 
 and have liberty to take tovvnes. Though Sr Thomas bee come from Oxford, yett Major Gcnnerall Browne is com- 
 nranded to block it ujip, and wil be prouyded of foiccs to doe it. I longe to hear how or brethren of Scotland are. 
 
 " Yr lovinge friend, 
 
 " Raphe Assheton." 
 * Vide the charge of Dr. William Cleaver, Bishop of Chester, to the Clergy of that Diocese, A. D. 1799- 
 
 against
 
 Book IV.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 319 
 
 against orthography and grammar, have not forgotten the humble but profitable admonition 
 that, what the living is now, the dtad was once, and what the dead is now, the living shall 
 soon become; and assurance that he who now composes the dust beneath is yet not dead, hut 
 sleepeth ; or an ardent aspiration, which, engraven on stone or brass, and placed over the re- 
 mains of those who sleep in Christ, operates as a voice speaking from the grave, Come Lord 
 Jesus, come quickly ! 
 
 In the vault on the North side of this Chapel are 
 
 interred the remains of the Rev. Richard Assheton, D. D. 
 
 Warden of the College of Christ in Manchester, and 
 
 Rector of Middleton, in this county. 
 
 He was the second son of Ralph Assheton, Esq. Lord of 
 
 this Manor, and Mary, the daughter of Thomas Lister, Esq. 
 
 of Arnold's Biggin, in the county of York. 
 He was born on the 19th of August, 1727, and married Mary, 
 the youngest daughter and coheiress of William Hulls, Esq. 
 
 of Popes, in the county of Hertford, by whom he had 
 
 one son and four daughters; Mary, Richard Hulls, Elizabeth 
 
 (married to James Whalley, Esq. of Clerk Hill, who died in 
 
 1785, in the 24th year of her age, and was buried at Whalley, 
 
 in this county), Caroline, and Catherine. 
 
 He died, sincerely lamented and esteemed, on the 6th of June, 1800. 
 
 His only son, the Rev. Richard Hulls Assheton, M. A. of 
 
 Brazen Nose College, in Oxford, died at Lisbon in 1785, 
 
 in the 26th year of his age; and was buried near the 
 remains of his maternal grandfather, William Hulls, Esq. 
 in the parish-church of Bromley, in the county of Kent. 
 
 Above the inscription are the Assheton arms, and the motto, " In Domino confide." 
 
 In the vault also are deposited the Remains of Mary, relict of Richard Assheton, D. D; 
 She died on the 14th of October, 1S15, at Thorp Arch, in the county of York, in the Soth 
 year of iier age. 
 
 TWISLETON, now TfVISTO^V. 
 
 This is a township and mesne manor dependant upon Downham. By deed, without date, 
 but about the year 1300, I meet with John de Twisleton ; and, in the 1st of Edward IIL or 
 1327, John de Dyneley grants to Richard de Greenacres, his capital messuage and water mill 
 in Twisleton, which he had of the grant of the said Richard, and of Hugh, son and heir of 
 John de Twisleton, which Hugh, in 13II, held one carucate of land in thanage for the rent 
 of sS-l- Sir Richard de Greenacres, of Great Merlay, left two daughters and co-heiresses, 
 Johanna and Agnes, the former of whom married Henry Worsley, and had, as her portion, 
 half the manor of Twiston, and a third part of (Jreat Mearley. 
 
 The subsequent descents of this estate will appear clearly from the following pedigree : 
 
 Henry
 
 320 
 
 HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 
 
 [Book IV.— Chap. II. 
 
 Henry Woisley.:^=Johanna, daughter and coheir of 
 Sir Richard de Greenacres. 
 
 John VVorsley.^. 
 
 I 
 
 Richard V^'orsley, died:^Isabel, daughter of Henry 
 3 Edward IV. | Townley, of Barnside. 
 
 I r- 
 
 Marga-^Richard Eliza-=pLaurence Shut- 
 ret. Ashton. beth 
 
 1 . Richard^=Johanna.= 
 Houofhton. 
 
 .John Ban- Agnes=:pJohn 
 Deane. 
 
 I 
 Alice.: 
 
 nister. 
 
 TliomasStar- 
 kic, brother 
 of Edmund 
 Starkie, first 
 ofHuntroyd. 
 
 ileworth, son 
 and heir of 
 Hugh Shut- 
 tk'wonh, of 
 Gawlhorp. 
 
 By Inquisition after the death of the last Worsley, taken about 4th Edward IV. he was 
 
 found to be seized of one-third of the manor of Merlay Magna, and one-half of the manor of 
 
 Twiston, which last was held in socage of John de Dyneley. This last was the portion of 
 
 Alice, and still continues in her posterity, of whom 
 
 Thomas Starkie, of Twiston,=5= daughter of Milles, 
 
 born about 1580. | died Aug. 1017- 
 
 1. Sarah, daughter of=2 =.'? =pJames Starkie, who seems to liave succeeded to tlie estate in: 
 
 the Rev. Richard 
 Coore, of Tong, 
 in the county of 
 York *. 
 
 16*8, died 1706, aged 103 or 105, fo)- in the register 
 of his burial, the figure is not distinct. His widow sur- 
 \i\cd him nearly 6"() years, so that from the birth of the 
 husband, to the death of the wife, must have been a pe- 
 riod of 160 years. It is equally remarkable that his first 
 marriage was late in life, and that he had issue by his 
 fourth when nearly 100 years old. Serd renere inexhausta 
 pubertas, is a wise observation of Tacitus f , and stri- 
 kinelv verified in the instance before us. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Ellen. 
 
 Agnes. 
 
 Thomas Staikie.: 
 
 1 
 
 Hannah. 
 
 Duella. 
 
 — I 
 
 James Starkie.= 
 
 :Elizabcth, daughter of 
 . . . Varlev, of Laund. 
 
 John Starkie. 
 
 Edmund Starkie. 
 
 1 
 
 Angelica. 
 
 Susanna. 
 
 :Alice, daughter of Mr. 
 l?ichard Larson, of 
 Langcliffe. 
 
 Sophia. Parthenia. 
 
 Thomas Starkie, A.M. late Fellow ofepAnne, daughter of Mr. Thomas Richard Lawson Starkie. John Starkie. 
 
 St. John's College, Cambridge, and 
 now Vicar of Blackburn, the pre- 
 sent owner of this estate. 
 
 Yalman, of London, died 
 September 1/95^ buried at 
 Downham. 
 
 Thomas Starkie, born April 12, 178?,: 
 late Scholar of St. John's College, 
 Cambridge, and Foundation Fellow 
 of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, A.M. 
 and Barrister at Law, of Lincoln's 
 Inn. Married at VVhallcy, Sept. 30, 
 
 ISl'J. 
 
 :Lucy, daughter of 
 Thomas Dunham 
 Whitaker, LL.D. 
 Vicar of \\hallev. 
 
 (ecilia, 
 born 
 1786. 
 
 1 
 
 Anne, 
 
 born 
 
 1788. 
 
 Emily, born 
 
 and died 
 
 1790. 
 
 Matthew, born 1792, 
 now of St John's 
 College, Cambridge, 
 LL.B. 
 
 r- 
 Lucv Anne. 
 
 In the later compotus's of Whalley Abbey, under Downham, is an annual charge " pro 
 " stip. scti. Laurentii de Twiston," whence it is evident that there was a Chapel here at that 
 time. It is now so completely demolished, that the precise situation of it is not remembered : 
 but there are three fields still called the Great Chapel Flat, the Little Chapel Flat, and the 
 Chapel Flat Bottom. 
 
 * He was a preacher highly esteemed by the Antinomian.'^, and was author of A practical Expositor of the Holy 
 Bible (a strange title to be chosen by an Antinomian), in thick octavo, 800 pages. In the title of this work he i» 
 said to style himself D. D. He also practised physic, and died at Leeds, Dec. 10, 1687, aged 71. Calamy, vol. II. 
 p. 813, and Continuation, p. 948. f De moribus Germanonim.
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 321 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY OF BURNLEY. 
 
 CONSISTING 
 
 I. OF THE 1 OWNSHIP OF BURNLEV, WITH THE HAMLETS OF HABERGHAMEAVES AND TOWNLEY CUM BRl'NSHAW. 
 2. OF CLIVIGER. 3. OF BRIERCLIFFE, WITH THE HAMLETS OF EXTWISLE AND WORSTHORN. 
 
 -DURNLEY, properly Brunlev, a populous and thriving market-town, in an advantaf^eous 
 and central situation, upon a livgula of land formed by the confluence of the Calder and 
 the Brun, from the latter of which, Bpun Rivulus, the name is probably derived *. The 
 same transposition has taken place in other instances ; Robert de Brun, the old metrical chro- 
 nicler, having derived his name, as well as birth, from the town now called Burn, in 
 Lincolnshire. 
 
 Or the name of the stream may, with almost equal propriety, be deduced from Bnun 
 Fuscus, as it is formed from a confluence of the waters of Sheden, Swinden, Thorndcn, and 
 Thursden, and therefore embrowned by the ancient process of washing for limestone, which 
 will be noticed hereafter. 
 
 The basis of the present town of Burnley was unquestionably a Roman settlement, by 
 which is not meant a military station, for of this there is no evidence ; tliough the situation of 
 the place, on the high precipitous bank of the Brun, and near its confluence with the Calder, 
 is a circumstance which, if aided by any external proofs, would have been highly favourable to 
 such a supposition. But the absence of the word Caster, Chester, or Cester, in the composi- 
 tion of the word, and the want of a concurrence of Roman roads, one if not both of which cir- 
 
 < 
 
 cumstances are inseparable from a genuine station, do not permit even a willing antiquary to 
 indulge in the conjecture. Yet the necessity of a direct communication between two such 
 stations as Ribchester and Cambodunum (Slack near Elland), the situation of Burnley, almost 
 in a right line, and at a due distance between them, the Roman remains-j~ and discoveries at 
 Mereclough, on the entrance of the Long Causeway; the tradition of an ancient way from 
 Burnley, through Townley Park, and pointing in a direct line at Watch-gate : all these cir- 
 cumstances, together with the discoveries of Roman remains about the place, are abundantly 
 sufficient to prove the town to have been a settlement of that peoj)le upon a vicinal way, though 
 neither fortified nor garrisoned, and therefore unrecorded in the itineraries. The discoveries 
 
 * Tlie neighbouring Brunshaw i» similarly formed, 
 f See Tiioresby's Ducatus Leodiensis. 
 
 •Z T which
 
 323 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 which have been made here are many scattered Roman coins (better evidences of a Roman town 
 than single deposits of money), remains of earthenware, and lately an urn, filled with calcined 
 bones, of rude, but apparently Roman workmanship. 
 
 Of Saxon antiquity here arc few remains. At some distance to the East of the town is a 
 place of the name of Saxifield, to which is attached an evanescent tradition of some great 
 engagement, and the death of some great chieftain, in the turbulent and unrecorded aera of the 
 Heptarchy. Whether, however, the name gave rise to the tradition, or were itself occasioned by 
 the fact, cannot now be determined. Saxifield Dyke, however, is mentioned in the charter of 
 free warren to the Townley family, temp. R. Job. and is therefore no recent fabrication. 
 
 No part of the English history, probably, was so defiled with bloodshed ; none, assuredly, 
 has been so indistinctly delivered to posterity, as that of the Heptarchy. Contemporary his- 
 torians were neither many nor copious ; and succeeding ones have treated with contempt trans- 
 actions which they were unable to retrieve with exactness. " The contests of the petty princes 
 '•' of the Heptarchy," says Milton, with his accustomed boldness, " are no more entitled to 
 •' remembrance or recital, than the battles of crows and hawks in a summer's day." 
 
 But scenes of great slaughter, the most dreadful of all spectacles, make too deep an 
 impression upon the minds of beholders, not to be frequently and diligently recited to poste- 
 rity ; and, when associated with names and local circumstances in succeeding times, tliough 
 generally corrupted, are seldom lost. 
 
 Adjoining to the town, and near the chapel, is also a very ancient cross, apparently of 
 Saxon workmanship, which, from its form, may challenge an equal antiquity with those of 
 Whalley, and commemorate the same event, the preaching of PauUinus. This supposition 
 may receive some countenance from the name of a neighbouring field, called Bishop-leap. Of 
 this cross, however, the tradition of the place is, that, prior to the foundation of a church at 
 Burnley, religious rites were celebrated on the site where it stands; but that afterwards, 
 upon an attempt being made to erect an oratory on the place, the materials were nightly 
 transported, by invisible agents, to the present site. The story is not uncommon ; and, abating 
 for the praeternatural part, may probably be connected with something of historical truth. 
 
 The parochial chapel of Burnley was one of the three chapels existing in the parish at the 
 date of Delaval's charter, which I have already shewn to belong to the reign of Henry I. Of 
 the other two, Colne and Clitheroe, each has some remains of the original structure ; but 
 Burnley has none ; as the choir, with its roof and East window, can scarcely be referred to an 
 earlier date than the time of Edward HI. though a superficial observer must be struck with the 
 disparity of style between them and the rest of the church. 
 
 The same observation applies to far the greater part of our parish -churches, in which a 
 striking disparity usually appears, betwixt the style of the nave and choir, as the obligation of 
 supporting the former attaches to a parish at large; and that of repairing the latter, either to 
 impropriators less willing, or to an incumbent less able, to undertake a work of piety or 
 ornament. 
 
 Of the rest of the church the aera is exactly ascertained ; for by indenture {pen. auct.J dated 
 24th Henry VHI. a covenant was entered into " Between Sir John Townley, knight, John 
 " Townley, esq. Rich. Townley of Royle, Symon Haydocke of Hesandforthe, Hugh Habergham 
 " of Habergham, Nicholas Shuttleworth of Gawthorpe, John Parker of Extwisle, Richard 
 
 " Whitaker
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 323 
 
 " Whitaker of Holme, and Robert Bancroft of Barcroft, on the one part; and Thomas Sellers 
 " and Nicholas Craven * on the other part ; by which the latter undertook, within four years 
 " from the date, to rebuild the North and South hylings of Burnley church, with 1 8 buttresses, 
 " and every buttress having a funnel upon the top, according to the fashion of the funnels upon 
 " the new chapel of our Lady of Whalley; and that the said hylings shall be battled after the 
 " form of a battling of the said chapel, having one course of achelors more than the said chapel 
 " hath, for the sum of sixty pounds. Sir John Townley, and Sir Gilbert Haydock, vicar of 
 " Rochdale and daine of Blackburn, to determine whether they deserve a farther reward." 
 Instead of the North and South hylings, however, as expressed in this contract, the North 
 and middle aile were actually rebuilt, and the South aile remained in its original state, low 
 and narrow, — indeed, a disgrace to the rest of the church, — till the year 1789, when the popu- 
 lation of the town having undergone a sudden and considerable increase, a faculty was granted 
 to certain persons, empowering them to pull down and re-edify the said aile, and to erect a 
 gallery over it. This was accordingly executed, at an expence of more than lOOO/. with little 
 more than the addition of a gallery, to what, in the time of Henry VHI. might have been per- 
 formed, and actually had been contracted for, at the price of 30^. How this last undertaking, 
 which, by adhering to the original plan, might have rendered the whole church uniform and 
 consistent, was really executed, I am unwilling to relate. 
 
 At the Eastern extremity of the South aile was the Sfansfield queere, the property of the 
 Haydocks, of Hesandforth, as representatives of the Stansfields, lords of Worsthorn. Within 
 the site of this quire still remains an ancient gravestone, on which are engraved, in very bold 
 relief, a cross fleury and sword, which I suppose to have covered one of the earlier Stansfields, 
 and probably Oliver de Stansfeud, the first grantee of the manor of Worsthorn, as the style of 
 it well accords with the a?ra of Edward H. — The sword marked his office, as constable of Pon- 
 tefract Castle; and the quire undoubtedly belonged to his house of Hesandforth, and was called 
 by his name. 
 
 For, in an old book of Memoranda, once belonging to the Haydocks, I find the following 
 entry : 
 
 " Anno Domini 1603. 
 
 " I had a sute with my cosin Haberghame, of Haberghame, for my quier in Brunley Churche, 
 « and the sute cost me, as apperethe by the p'ticulars which I have, at least C marks." 
 
 And, in 1726, a faculty was granted to John Haydock, gent, respecting a seat in Stans- 
 field quire to be taken down, and two new ones built on the site and a space of ground adjacent, 
 being the burial-place of the said J. Haydock. 
 
 At the East end of the North aile is the Chapel of the Virgin Mary, the property and burial 
 place of the Townley family, and therefore usually called the Townley choir. This was a 
 chantry founded by Sir John Townley, knight, in the life-time of Isabella Pilkington, his first 
 wife, as appears by the following imperfect inscription, in old English characters, upon the 
 cancelli which surround it : 
 
 * From several circumstances, I conclude these men to have been the masons employed about Whalley Abbey. Tbe 
 Cravens were then, and to the present century, a Billii.gton family ; as the Sellers were of Whalley. The accurate 
 reference to the new Chapel of St. Mary, of Whalley, contiiuis this supposition.
 
 324 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 J9fC non tt pro auimabuiS li^icarDi OTotBnlep militi^ patrijS met et 3Io1janne uvoti.^ eju.S matri.si mcac ct 
 nmnium antccc.s.sorum mtoruin cl omnium fioelium ocfunctorum quorum animc rcquicscant in pace. amen. 
 
 <auoO tgo Uoj^anncsi •lotonlcp mileiS funoatu ct orDmabi ijanc cantariam in Ijonortm bcatac Manx miruiniji 
 pro bono jstatu mco ct 3I,(iafaellff uyori.^ mca: oum taijfcnmu.s ct pro annnabu.d 
 
 It was, in fact, endowed considerably before the rebuilding of the present choir, as will 
 appear by the following instrument of nomination, which, as it is dated early in the life-time of 
 the founder, appears to have been the first : 
 
 " Omnibus Christi. . . ad quos presentes literae pervenerint Johannes Townley, miles, salutem 
 " in omnium Salvatore. Cantariam perpetuam in Capella de Brunley, septeni marcarum reditus 
 " de certis terris et tenementis, prout in carta tripartita mei Johannis Townley, mil. prsedicti 
 " continetur, ordinatam pro salute aie meae et antecessorum meorum prout in ipsa plenius con- 
 " tinetur, concessi Johanni Yngham Capell. quamdiu honeste vixerit possidendum cum om- 
 " nibiis aliis rebus, juribus, et ornamentis dicta; cantariae qualitercunque spectantibus." 15th 
 Hen. VII. 
 
 But this foundation appears to have been meditated by the family some years before ; for, 
 in the 8th Edward IV. Raufe (Holden) abbot, and the convent of Whalley, grant to John 
 Townley, Esq. "three litel garthes lying from the brig of Browne*, between the water and 
 "pish, churcheyarde of Bronley on ye N. and W. side of ye saide churche, from ig yeares to 
 " 19 yeares, at the rent of ^il.'*f per an. so longe as ye said John and his heires wyll paye ye 
 " ferme." These premisses contain the site and garden of the chantry-house. 
 
 It is singular enough, that, in the 36th Elizabeth, nearly 50 years after the dissolution, in 
 a fine between Richard Sherburne mandant, and Job. Townley, esq. deforcient, is passed inter 
 alia, the advowson of the chantry of Burnley. So anxious were the family to preserve a right 
 which they yet hoped to exercise again. 
 
 But it must be remembered, that there was a chantry of much older date founded in this 
 church, and probably at the same altar, in the N. aile, by Thomas de la Legh, who, in 46th 
 Edward III. granted the third part of the manor of Townley to Gilbert de la Legh, subject to 
 the condition of finding a chaplain to chaunt for the souls of the said Thomas, Gilbert and 
 Alice de la Legh (his parents), and their respective ancestors. 
 
 On the walls are several shields of arms, cut in stone, with different empalements, to com- 
 memorate the successive principals of the family who rest beneath; and one large mural 
 monument, to the memory of Richard Townley, Esq. who died in I706, of which the first 
 part, written by himself, displays an amiable picture of a mind negligent of self commendation, 
 and hastening to the remembrance of departed relatives ; while the latter, the work of his 
 brother, executor, and friend, with equal propriety and grace, discharges the office of pane- 
 gyric which himself had omitted. 
 
 * This seems to confirm my etymology of the word, from Bpun Fuscus. 
 
 t In the last compotus of Whalley Abbey, A.D. 1536, I meet with the following article : " Johan. Townley, mil. 
 "pro parv^ aula justa ecclesiam de Burnley, 3U." 
 
 Arms,
 
 Book IV— Chap. III.] HISTORY Of WHALLEY. 325 
 
 Arms : 
 
 TOWNLEY IMPALING PASTON, 
 
 [6 fleurs de lys Az. a chief indented Or.] 
 With a crescent for difference. 
 
 D. O. M. 
 
 et 
 
 Piae memoriae 
 
 RICARDI TOWNELEY, DE TOWNELEY, ARM. 
 
 Hujus pater Carolus regias Caroh I. partes secutus 
 
 in praeho apud Marston Moore prope Eboracum 
 
 occubuit, nee unquam interfecti corpus 
 
 est inventum. 
 
 Hanc in regem fidem, perdueUionis nomine 
 
 infamavit temporum istorum iniquitas, 
 
 et bonorum proscriptione mulctavit; 
 
 hinc et non aliunde Gentis Towneleianaj census imminutus 
 
 et ad earn quae nunc est mediocritatem redactus. 
 Matrem habuit Mariam, Francisci Trappes equ. aur. fiHam 
 
 pientissimam et ad annum aetatis 91, vere viduam, 
 
 uxorem vero Margaretam filiam Clementis Paston Armigeri 
 
 (cujus nota et nobihs apud Icenos familia *) 
 
 lectissimam foeminam et multorum liberorum matrem, 
 
 Harum corporibus hinc inde positis, suum interponi corpus 
 
 et haec pauca de se et suis posteros scire voluit. 
 
 Caeterum fuit in dissimih rerum statu sui semper similis, avita religione in Deum, pietate in 
 patriam, amore in suos, candore in amicos, beneficentia in egenos, comitate in omnes, et ea 
 demum morum nota et casta integritate, ut coram illo vel pessimus quisque sibi temperaret a 
 turpitudine, et inciperet esse bonus. Ad annum usque aetatis 78 vixit, nemini gravis, omnibus 
 charus, praesertim elegantiorum scientiarum, et artium cultoribus, ipse (ieometra insignis: 
 hinc frequens cum eruditis hujus aetatis hterarium commercium, nee infrequens apud eosdem 
 Towneleii Nomen. 
 
 Tahs demum Eboraci xxii Jan. Anno Domini I706, 
 Pie obiit. 
 
 Paucis quae supra, pauca haec adjici censuit Carohis, non tarn sanguinis, quam animorum 
 conjunctione frater, viae vitaeque comes perpetuus, sola morte divulsus, et nunc, proh dolor! k 
 Testamenti curatoribus moestissimus. 
 
 * Much more generally known since the publication of the Paston Letters, by Sir John Fenn. 
 
 la
 
 526 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 In the same chapel is also the following Epitaph : 
 
 Viro optitno, conjugi amantissimo, 
 Cuthberto Kennet 
 de Coxhow in Episcopatu Dunelmensi arm. 
 filio Johannis Kennet et Troth filiae 
 Tho. Tempest de Stella in Com. Northum. Bart. 
 Francisca Conjux 
 filia Ricardi Towneley de Towneley Armigeri 
 hoc, qualecunque monumentum 
 moerens posuit : 
 Pie obiit prid. Kalend. Aug. 
 anno salutis MDCLXXXVIIH. 
 aetatis trigessimo septimo. 
 
 On the Western side of the church-yard is the parva aula of the Compotus belonging to 
 the chantry-priest of St. Mary's altar, as appears by the cypher J. T. and two shields, one 
 containing the arms of Townley, and the other of Gateford. 
 
 This is said to have been occupied as the grammar-school till about the year 1695, when, 
 upon some dispute between the family and the parish, another was erected in a more convenient 
 situation *. 
 
 The tall and shapely cross, with a crucifix cut in relief upon it, which stood in the church- 
 yard, and is mentioned by Thoresby -|-, was brutally destroyed by a drunken rabble, hired 
 for the purpose a few years ago; the last instance, probably, of puritanical fury (for such it was) 
 which has been directed against the ornaments of an English church. Around the octagonal 
 base, which happened to escape the hands of these iconoclasts, and has since been removed to 
 Townley, was the following mscription : €>rate pro anima ^loljanni^ JrOtOpiS capcllani qui t^tam crucem 
 fieri fecit, anno Domini MCCCCCXX. I suppose this benefactor to have been of the Foldys's, of 
 Danser House, an old and reputable family in the neighbourhood. 
 
 In the church of Burnley were four chantries, on the situation and endowments of which 
 the following surrenders will throw considerable light. 
 
 1st. the rood altar, placed upon the rood loft at the entrance of the quire, which was 
 removed in some late alterations in the church. 
 
 Of this chantry I meet with the following memorials, 25th Henry VIH. John Woodrof 
 and others, churchwardens of Burnley, complain against R. Tattersall of Rigge, E. Tattersall, 
 and Christopher Jackson, for the unjust detention of 5^ acres, and l-3d of a rood in Habring- 
 ham Evez, given by John Yngham, chaplaine, to the church of Burneley, for celebration of 
 masse for the repose of his soule. Ric. Tempest, mil. senescallo. 
 
 * This, with the adjoining gardens, having been purcliased by the Chapelry for the puipose of enlarging the 
 burial-ground, was pulled down 1S14; and the whole churcU-yard, surrovinded by a stone-wall, is now about to be 
 locked up, and secured from all profanation. 
 
 t See Ducatus Leodiensis. 
 
 George
 
 Book IV.— Chap. Ill;] HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 327 
 
 George Halsted, of Burnley, surrenders Smallshey, in Habringham Evez, as surviving 
 feoffee in trust to a settlement made by Alex. Riley, first for the use of Henry Riley, chap- 
 lain, A. M. in tail; then for Margaret, his sister, in tail; and for default, &c. in trust for the 
 rood-priest in Burnley Church, ,36th Hen. VIII. 
 
 Forbid, as contrary to the intent of an indenture, written with the proper hand of Sir 
 John Yngham priest. 
 
 2d. The altar of St. Peter, or the high altar, the officiating priest at which was properly 
 the incumbent of the church. 
 
 Of this chantry the last incumbent was Sir Gilbert Fairbanke, who survived to the year 
 1566; and the following transactions occur with respect to it. 
 
 At a court held at Higham, Oct. 1, 6th Edward VI. Arthur Darcy, mil. sen. the 
 steward, with the approbation of the king's commissioners, grants one messuao'e, croft, 
 and garden, in Burnley, late belonging to the chantry of St. Peter, in the church of Burnley, 
 to the use of Gilbert Fairbank, late incumbent there, for life; and, after his decease*, to the 
 use of a master in a school founded, or to he founded, for the instruction of youth, in the town 
 of Burnley. Thus, the house now occupied by the schoolmaster, heretofore belonged to the 
 incumbent of the church. 
 
 At the same Court, the steward grants one close of land in Haberghameaves, containing 
 17 A. 1 R. late belonging to the chantry of St. Peter, in Burnley Church, to the use of the 
 same Gilbert Fairbanke, for life — an humane and equitable provision! 
 
 Again, at an Halmot Court for the Manor of Ightenhill, A. 5 Eliz. John Aspden clerk, 
 executor of Geoffry Wilkinson deceased, surrenders to Laur. Habergham of H., I. Parker of 
 Extwistle, jun, Simon Haydock, jun. J. Barcroft of B. jun. and Robert son of Thomas Whi- 
 taker of Holme, one messuage, one horreiim, garden, and toft, in trust, to be applied, after 
 the decease of G. Fairbanke, cl. to the foundation, support, and mayntenance of one free gram- 
 mar-school, founded or erected, or hereafter to be founded or erected, in Brunley ; and the 
 mayntenance of a schoolmaster in succession, to teach children and young men, from time to 
 time, for ever. 
 
 3d. The altar of St. Mary, in the Townley choir-^, of the lands belonging to which no alie- 
 nation appears. 
 
 4th. Thealtar of St. Anthony. {Qii. Whether belonging to Ightenhill Park, or Gawthorp?) 
 
 These were respectively served, at the Dissolution, by two incumbents, Stephen Smyth 
 and Richard Itchon ; but I am unable to assign to either of them his own chantry. 
 
 By the appointment of Edward Warner, knight, Henry Saville, Esq. and James Gardyner, 
 his Majesty's commissioners, one messuage, two crofts, containing 2^ acres, called I'kynrode, 
 part of the chantrie landes, late held by Stephen Smyth, a chantrie-priest in Burneley Church, 
 were granted to the said Stephen for life. 4th Edward VI. Arth. Darcy, mil. sen. 
 
 Pursuant to a decree of the Duchy Court of Sir John Garth, chancellor, a grant is passed to 
 William Kenyon, gent, of one messuage, two gardens, and 13^ acres of land belonging to the 
 chantrie in Burneley Church, where Stephen Smyth was chaplain, 7th Edward VT. 
 
 * By a later surrender. 
 
 t It is probable that the endowment of this chantry consisted of freehold lands; and, from the circumstance of the 
 three others being endowed with cnpyhcjld lands, it seems that they were of later date. 
 
 The
 
 ?2i HISTORY OF WHALLEY. Booc IV— Chap. III. 
 
 The king'* commanoaers grant to Richard Ridyalgh, &c. a cottage and croft in Haberg- 
 hamtiwt», late belongnig to a chantrie, for which Richard Itchon officiated, in trust for Itchoa 
 §or hie — remainder to Ridyalgh. 4th Edw. VI. 
 
 The farm called Ridgehey, within Bumeley, containing ten acres, belonged to the chantry 
 of St. Mary, at Blackburn : for the curious foundation-deed of which, see under Blackburn. 
 
 I find also, that by surrender, dated 13th Henry VIII. one William Picoppe granted 
 certain lands there specified to William Barcroft and Robert his son, in trust, that if he die 
 without issue, they should stand seizerl of the same as feoffees for the use of a priest to " saye 
 " ma-sse and oder *ervice in the kirk of Brunley for ever, for ye sawie of me ye saide William, 
 " and for fa/Jcr and moder, and for all Christen »awle« *." 
 
 Whiether, however, the condition happened, and this foundation ever took place or not, 
 I hiave no where been able to discover. 
 
 The following account will shew the progressive steps by which the curacy of Burnley, 
 after having been stripped of its second-f- endowment at the dissolution of the chantries, ha» 
 been augmented to it* present value, not less than 300/. per annum. 
 
 First, then, it app*.-ars by inquisition, taken at Manchester April ]lth, 16S3, that " in 
 " the 2d year of V^w. VI. a commission under the great seal was directed to Sir Walter 
 " Mildmay, knight, &c. to take order, amongst other things, for the maintenance and conti- 
 " nuance of schools and preaxrhers, and of priests and curates, for serving cures and admini- 
 " stration of sacramenti, and that it was certified to the said commissioners, that the chapel 
 " of Burnley, among othf;r f hajjeU in the |)ari*li of Whalley, in the county of Lancaster, in 
 " which parish ^ there were four Mveral chantries founded, was a chapel of ease far distant 
 " from the parish-church, and therefore very necessary to be continued for divers services, and 
 " for administration of sacramenti, &c. ; it was therefore decreed that John Aspden, the incum- 
 " bent, should serve there, and should have for his wages, yearly, the sum of 4/. 8*. 1 id." In 
 thie loth year of Elizabeth, however, Asjxlen died, and the payment of this sum was discon- 
 tinued till the 31st of the same reign ; and, in that long interval, no regular appointment of a 
 «ucr.essor to the last incumbent took place ; so that Sir William Ducksbury, who is styled 
 curate of BurnUfy in the register, and who died in 1583 ; and Riley, who next occurs, in the 
 earlier part of his time, must have been mere stipendiaries. However, in the year I589, 
 several inhabitants of the chapelry preferred a jjetition to the chancellor and counsel of the 
 duchy, praying thf.m to have " consideration and care that some godly minister and preacher 
 " might be had and provirlerl for their better instruction;" and also, that they would be pleased to 
 continue the allowance of the «aid yearly stijjend : and, for the pjerjjetual continuance of a 
 minister or preacher in the said chapel, the inhabitants aforesaid did then promise a supply to 
 make up the said stijiend 20 marks yearly at the least, and that the said minister or preacher 
 should always thereafter ix: nominat/.'d and allowed by three neighbouring justices of the peace. 
 I do not know whc-ther the justices of peace t-ver exercised the pretenrled right thus devolved 
 up^>n them. It is however certain, that the prayer ot this most reasonable jjetition was 
 heard : the arrears owing for the last 22 years were ordered to be paid by instalments, and 
 the |>*nsiori was continued without interruption till the year I683; when Robert Hartley, 
 
 • Townl. tAHS. 
 
 ■\ For an acwiunf of thi: original gMif., anrl of the (.<x-a»ion ujou wliicb it was alienated, vide p. 145- 
 
 J 1 MJppoM; written by rnL'.takc for chapel. 
 
 clerk,
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF VVH.\LLEY. ^2 , 
 
 clerk, minister of Burnley, certified to Sir John Arderne, knight, and other commissioners, 
 that the inhabitants of the chapelry had not, for many years past, {laid their sum of S/. I's.gd. 
 to make up the said 20 marks ; but that they were then ready so to do, and to be oblio^ed to 
 do the same for the future. 
 
 Hereupon the said Commissioners decreed, that the inhabitants of the said chapelry, their 
 heirs and assigns, should pay to the said Robert Hartley, clerk, and his successors, the sum 
 of S/. 17*'. 9d. in the following proportions; r/:. Haberghameaves, ->/. 4.<r. ^d. Burnley, 
 l/. 12»-. 5^. Cliviger, 2I. +s. 4</- and Brearcliife, 2/. l6s. gd. 
 
 This may be considered as the basis of the present endowment. 
 
 Another source of the income is the Easter roll, &c. through the chapelry. held under the 
 Vicar of Whalley, by grant fi-om Archbishop Juxon, as noticed above. 
 
 A third arises from a number of successive benefactions, of which the following is an 
 account : — 
 
 About the y^ar 1696. Edward Townley, rector of Slaidburn, gave the house, now called 
 the parsonage, with the lands adjoining; and Richard Kippax, then incumbent, built the cross- 
 end in front of the house. 
 
 Again, by surrender, bearing date Oct. 4th, 1699, Nicholas Townley, of Royle, Esq. bro- 
 ther of the above, gave a moiety of the tenement called Cockridge. 
 
 Lastly, Edmund Townley, above mentioned, advanced the sum of 400/. 
 
 To which the governors of queen Anne's bounty added 400/. ; and, with these two sums, 
 the house and estate of Bankhouse* were purchased from the devisees of Henry Halsted, clerk, 
 
 • Bankhouse, Id Edward IV. was the projierty of " Rauffe Per>-sson," of Cliviger. Ralph had two sons, Richard 
 and Thomas: Richard had Elizabeth. At an Halmot Court, held at Igrhtenhutl 19 Henry VII. Thomas. Earl of Derbie 
 steward, Elizabeth " complains of Thomas, her nncle, in a plea of land, when-of she was unjustly deforced." Here- 
 upon a Jury is impannclled, who find " Tliat Thomas Pereson is not rii;:ht oustometl, according to our ctutonie, for 
 " cause they made the indentures after ye death of RauS" Pereson a yere and more." 
 
 " We find alsoe, that no copyhold land cannot be tayled to the heires male ; and (if) it be so, it is contniry to o«to 
 customes." 
 
 " And so we find that Elizabeth is right heire to Ranffe Pereson and Richard Pereson her fader." 
 
 George Halsted, from whom descended^i^Elizabeth Pereson. 
 * does not appear. | 
 
 William HuUttd, heir to his mother, of Bankhiiuse,=pMargaivt Riley, sister to Hei.ry 
 per Inquisition 6th Henry Mil. | Riley, B. 1) of Eton C oUege. 
 
 I ' 
 
 Henry Halsied, found lieii-=5='Margaret Barker, 
 to his father 1594. 1 
 
 M;irzaret, born IGOl. luon;f llaUtod. =KIizabelh. widow nf . n.liieKl. «f 
 
 oh. \6U. 
 
 I 1 1 r 
 
 Cleggswood. and sister of John Paikir. 
 of E\twisle. esq. 
 
 1 
 
 born of Manchester. 
 16'>1, 
 ob. s.p. 
 
 Henrv, George Halsted,:^ Wdliam, Margaivt, Anne, Henry Halsted, U. O !lii tor of SianlicW. m >uflolk. 
 
 "-"■ ob. s.p. bom born born lt)4I. ol> lT-:8, lea»ing issue Henry Halsted. 
 
 born 1630. 16Sr>. ob. s. p ; on x»liich exent IVuikhonse, and the other 
 
 lo'>7. estates, devolve»! viiK>n (. h;irk-s Halsleail. of Kowley, 
 
 esq. called his cousin, tlioUi;h it does not appear 
 upon what authority, in eonformity to the will of 
 the Rector of Mansfield. 
 
 George Halted. l>. D. l\l!ow of Corpus C'h^i^li I'ollegv, Oxford, 
 dt»ised his estates to his uncle Heury, and died s. p. 
 
 ii II rector
 
 330 HISTORY Ob W'HALLEY. [Book IV.— Chai-. III. 
 
 rector of Stansfield in Suffolk. For this consideration, also, the advowson was conveyed, by 
 all proper parties, to the said Edmund Townley, as a benefactor. 
 
 Here follows an extract from the last will of this benefactor, dated Nov. 22d, 17:2.9 : — 
 " And it is my earnest request to the curates of Burnley for ever, that they will, by the 
 " grace of God, make their lives suitable to their doctrine; for nothing can bring a greater 
 " blemish to religion in general, and to our most truly primitive ecclesiastical church-establish- 
 " ment in this kingdom, than the dissolute lives of the clergy. And because, when the foun- 
 " dation is not well laid, the superstructure often suffers damage, therefore I do earnestly 
 " request the said curates, that they will take great pains in catechizing the youth, and that 
 " they will use such plain and easy explanations of the same as may be suited to the most 
 " ordinary capacities. And that they will be careful to read such acts of parliament (and see 
 " that they be duly executed by such officers as the law hath appointed) for the suppression 
 " of the prophane and immoral at proper seasons; and I hope they will think it more than 
 " ordinarily inculcated upon them to be careful in this particular, because a great deal of the 
 " reformation of men's lives depends upon it. And since I am legally invested in a clear 
 " and absolute title to the advowson and perpetual right of presentation to the curacy of the 
 " Chapel of Burnley. I do hereby assign and make over my full right and title thereunto to 
 " my nephew, Thomas Townley, of Royle, Esq. and to the heirs male of that family for ever ; 
 " but with this limitation, that if there be no son of that house capable of the place, then it 
 " shall pass over to a son of cousin J, Haydock, of Hesandforth, or to any issue of that family, 
 " for ever ; and if there be a failure in both the said families, I would have the patron have respect 
 " to a son of the family of Halsted, of Rooley ; and in case of a deficiency in all the said families, 
 " I leave the free choice to him that shall be patron of the family of Royle, for ever." 
 
 Good words, it is said, are cheap coin; but, if any thing in human nature were matter of 
 wonder, who would not be astonished to hear that this man, so anxious to provide that other 
 clergymen should perform fheir duti/, entirely neglected a benefice of his own; or rhat one so 
 profuse in works of munificence, should be extremely deficient in discharging the offices of 
 common justice? It will be well, however, if those to whom these admonitions are directed, 
 can prevail upon themselves to remember tliem, and to forget their author. 
 
 CAPELLANI DE BRUNLEY. 
 
 Henricus, Clericus de Brunlay, temp. Rog. de Lacy, circ. A.D. 1200 
 Johannes, Clericus de Brunlay, sans date. 
 
 Wauter, Capellanus de Brunlay, A.D. - - - - - 1300 
 
 Rich, de Brunlay, Capel. _._---- 1358 
 
 Wm. Moton, and John fil. Adam fil. Wauter, Capel, - - 1359 
 
 Elias de Habringham, Capel. de Brunlay _ - - - I369 
 Rob. de Bolton *, Capel. de Brunlay ----- 1375 
 Johannes Foldys, Capel.'}- - - - - - - - 1520 
 
 * T)ic first eight names in this catalogue have been collected from charters, the ninth from the inscriiition on the 
 iTOSS, and the rest from the register of the church. 
 
 [ 1 am not sure whether he was incumbent, or served at one of the other altars. 
 
 Sir
 
 BOK IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 331 
 
 Sir Gilbert Fairbank *, died I566 
 
 Sir John Aspden-j-, died .----__ ij68 
 
 Sir Wm. Duxbury +, Curate of Burnley, died - - _ 1583 
 Thomas Riley §, Minister, died ------ 1631 
 
 Roger Brearley, died -----.-_ 1^37 
 
 Henry Morris ]| occurs from ----- 1G4O to I653 
 
 John Wal work, died - - - - - - - -1G71 
 
 Robert Hartley, died - - - 1 68 7 
 
 Richard Kippax^, died --.-__. 1723 
 James Matthews **, died ------- 1744 
 
 Turner Standish -j~'j~, A.B. - - - - - - - I787 
 
 Thomas Collins, D. D, 
 
 By the Inquisition of \G50, Lamb. MSS. 912, it was found that the parochial chapelry 
 of Burnley consisted of Burnley, Haberghameavcs, and Worsthorn, containing 306 families, 
 that the minister, Mr. Henry Morris, an able and orthodox divine, received ll/. lOs. from the 
 Chapelry, 4/. Sa". 2d. from the Dutchy of Lancaster, and from the Commissioners for the county 
 24I. is. lid. 
 
 Also, that the inhabitants of Nevvlaund, Reedyhallows, Filly Close, and Ightenhill Park, 
 one mile and a half distant from Burnley, desire to be united to it, and the whole to be erected 
 into a parish. 
 
 The ancient glebe belonging to the chaplains of Burnley, before the appropriation, was 
 exactly 35 acres, or two oxgangs. fide Survey, 36'th Elizabeth. By a subsequent inclosure, 
 it is now augmented to 48 acres. 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 
 
 That there was a school here in the time of Edward VL appears from the life of Dr. Whi- 
 taker, who is recorded to have received the earlier part of his education here, under the care 
 of one Hargreaves, but it seems to have been unendowed. We have seen also that the house 
 of the last Catholic incumbent was reserved for the use of a schoolmaster. 
 
 However, ami. 20th Elizabeth, Sir Robert Ingham, clerk, rector of Stocking Pelham 
 Harts, granted a certain messuage or tenement called Alfrethes, situated at Farneham, in 
 Essex, to his nephew John Ingham, on condition that he, the said John, should charge the 
 said tenement with a rent-charge of 3/. for ever, for and towards the maintenance, &c. of a 
 
 * Sir Gilbert Fairbank, chantrie-priest of Burnley, sep. Jan., 28th, 1566. — Reg. Burn. 
 
 t The first Protestant incumbent. 
 
 + Probably a stipendiary only. See the Inquisition above. 
 
 § There is an Edward Welch, minister, mentioned in the register, A.D. 1607 ; but at this time Riley was clearly 
 the incumbent, as he occurs in the register immediately after the death of Duxbury. 
 
 11 He was minister during the usurpation ; and used tlie Directory, which was introduced at Burnley June 9th, 1645. 
 
 % Thomas Kay, curate of Burnley, was buried at Whalley July 6, 1690 j but Kippax was licensed in 1687, and 
 survived the date of Kay's death many years ; he can, therefore, have been assistant only. 
 
 ** Son of James Matthews, Vicai- of Whalley, interred at Whalley May l/tli, 1*44, 
 
 It He was younger son of Sir Thomas Standish, of Duxbury, Bart 
 
 school-
 
 332 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 schoolmaster, to teach young persons freely, in the free grammar-school founded and esta- 
 hlished in Brnnlei/, in Com. Lane. Accordingly, the nephew granted the above rent-charge 
 to Richard, son and heir-apparent of John Tovvniey, ofTovvnley, Esq.; William Barcroft, of 
 Lodge; John Parker, of Extvvisle ; Simon, son and heir of Evan Haydock, of Hesandforth ; 
 Robert Whitaker, of Holme, gents. ; and John WoodrofF, son and heir of John Woodroff, of 
 Brunley, yeoman — their heirs and assigns, to stand seized of the same, for the use and intent 
 aforesaid. 
 
 The next donation appears to have been a farm at Alvcrthorpe, near Wakefield, demised, 
 by the follv of the trustees, for the term of 200 vears, which is very lately expired. I have not 
 discovered who was the donor. 
 
 Again, by surrender, bearing date Oct. 4, 1699, Nicholas Townley, of Roy! e, Esq. gave 
 the tenement called Cockridge, to the church and school of Burnley — I suppose in equal 
 portions. 
 
 And Edmund Townley, rector of Slaidburn, and brother of the above, gave Ackerley's 
 tenement on the Ridge to Burnley School, by surrender, dated April 30th, 169G. 
 
 By his last will and testament, dated Aug. 5th, I72S, Henry Halsted, clerk, B. D. rector 
 of Stansfield, in SuflTolk, gave and bequeathed to the master and feoftees of the free-school in 
 Burnley, all his library of books at Stansfield. This collection is now lodged in a room above 
 the school, and contains some valuable classical books *. 
 
 By the great Inquisition post mortem Henry de Lacy, A. D. I311, it was found that there 
 were 
 
 ^. s. d. 
 
 350 acres, 1 rood, and dim. demised in Brunley, to 
 divers tenants at will _ _ _ _ 
 
 12 customary tenants, for 10 oxgangs held in bondage 
 Works remitted ------ 
 
 12 cottagers ------- 
 
 A water-mill ------- 
 
 Free tenants. 
 Oliver de Stansfeud, 53 acres - - - - 
 
 Adam, son of the clerk, 1 oxgang - - - 
 Jo. de Whitaker, 8 acres - - - - 
 
 Thomas de Ryland, 20 acres - - - - 
 
 Adam de Holden, 6 acres one rood - - - 
 Dobley de Heley, 1 3 acres . - - _ 
 
 Estimating the oxgang at 15 acres, which is about the medium extent, the amount of the 
 ancient freehold land in Burnley would be 112 acres, or nearly a carucate. Here were 12 
 cottages, 12 customary tenants, 6 freeholders; and allowing an oxgang to every tenant at will 
 (23 tenants at will) a population, in the whole, of 53 families: perhaps a tenth part of the 
 present number. 
 
 * Nothing can be more humane or judicious than such benefactions to country schools, to vestries, or parsonage- 
 houses upon poor benefices. 
 
 MARKET. 
 
 - 5 
 
 18 
 
 H 
 
 
 je 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 - 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 - 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 5i 
 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 —.^.10 14 
 

 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 333 
 
 MARKET. 
 
 In the 22d of Edward I. Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, obtained a charter for a market 
 every Tuesday *, at his manor of Brunley, in Lancashire ; as also a fair yearly on the eve, day, 
 and morrow, after the feast of the apostles Peter and Paul. Dugd. Bar. vol. L p. 104. 
 
 Above the town, in a low situation on the banks of the Brun, and environed with wood 
 is the old house of Ilesandforth. 
 
 \v'ilh respect to this house and demesne, the high antiquity of which is proved by the 
 smallness of the render, it appears, 
 
 1st, That Robert de Merclesden granted to Robert de Swillington all that Ralph, son of 
 Norman, had granted to him, viz. 40 acres, which Henry, the clerk of Bronley, formerly held 
 between the rivulet flowing through the midst of Bronley, and the field called Saxifield, savin»' 
 to John de Lacy, domino suo, his right of forest and venison, sa7js date, but before 1:240, when 
 John de Lacy died. 
 
 2d. -{- grants to Oliver de Stanfeud, who held it at the time of the great inqui- 
 sition of 1311. 
 
 3d. Geoftry Stanfield of Haysandforth (as per Inq.) died 15th Hen. VH. seized of the manor 
 of Haysandforth, held by military service, leaving Johanna, his grand-daughter, daughter of Giles 
 his son, of the age of two years ; and this Johanna marrying Simon Haydock ;{:, brought the 
 estate into that family §. 
 
 Pedigree of Haydock. 
 
 Arms : Argent, a plain cross, Sable : Ist qr. a fleur de lys Gules. 
 
 Simon Havdork, Gen. vix. 24th=^olianna, daughter of Giles 
 Henry VIII. ob. 1568, | Stanfield, ob. 1562. 
 
 I -< 
 
 Siinon Haydock.=pAnne, daughter of John Grimshaw, of Clayton. 
 
 1 ' -r -r '■ -1 
 
 Evan Haydock =j=IVIargaret Woodrootf, of Gilbert. Elenor.=John Townley, of Mary.=Peter Ormerod, 
 
 I Banktop, ob. 158*. Hurstwood. of Ormerod. 
 
 I 
 
 I 1 1 1 
 
 Simon Haydock. =pAnne, daughter of John Evan, born Robert, born John, born 
 
 I Halsted, of Rowley. 15/6. 1582. 1584. 
 
 V ' n 
 
 Evan Haydock, born 1596=p 
 
 Mary, born Simon Haydock .=pMary, daughter of Robert, son of Edmund 
 1630. I Townley, ofRoyle, esq. 
 
 I , ' 1 1 
 
 Marffaret, born Robert Haydock, born^ Anne, born John, born 1660, 
 
 "l650. 1G55, ob. 1698. | 1658. ob. inf. 
 
 r 1 ' . . . --- — -. 
 
 Robert, born 16S6, =John Haydock, Justice of Peace= 
 
 ob. 1690. for CO. Lane. ob. Sept. 1745. 
 
 * According to the Townley MSS. it was Wednesday. 
 
 t I have unfortunately mislaid my memorandum of this passage, but believe the party to have been Robert de 
 Swillington, as above. 
 
 t There is no account extant to shew whence this branch of the Haydocks immediately came. Their origin was 
 undoubtedly from Haydock, in the South of Lancashire. The name of Gilbert Haydock frequently occurs in Sir Peter 
 Leycester's Account of Bucklow Hundred. I am equally unable to connect with this branch Sir Gilbert Haydock, Vicar 
 of Rochdale, and William Haydock, Monk of Whalley. 
 
 § For the descent of the Stansfields, from the first of Stanfield to Oliver, the first purchaser of this estate, and from 
 
 him to Johanna, the last heiress, vide Worsthom. 
 
 There
 
 33+ HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. HI. 
 
 There is nothing remarkable about the house of Hesandforth (the old and true orthography 
 of the word), excepting that one wing is built of deep and irregular courses of rude masonry, 
 which characterize our most ancient buildings. The etymology of the word is pretty obvious. 
 High, pronounced hee, sand forth ; the ford of high sandbanks. 
 
 At the Northern extremity of the township, and near the junction of the Calder with the 
 Pendle water, is 
 
 Royle, originally Role, which, from the time of Henry VIII. has been the residence of a 
 principal branch from the parent house of Townley. 
 
 Of this estate, since become so considerable, the first record which I have met with is the 
 following: — 
 
 " 19th Hen. VI. — Trusty, &c. for als myche as John Parcour of IghtenhuU will surrend 
 up into the lordes handes a closse with in the town of Bromley, called Roile, conteignynge 
 XL acres of land, medowe and wood, the which he helde be costume of the mane to the behafFe 
 of John Gierke, of Bromley, I wyll and charge yowe yt ye latte unto ye said John Gierke ye 
 said closse to have and to huld to ye seid John Glerk and his heires accd. to j'e custome of ye 
 mane yeldyng for evy acre of ye seid close v\d. as ye seid P'cour. gaffe and doyng for all mane 
 s'vicez. due and accustomed, tak3'ng of ye said John Gierke fyn reasonable. And this shall be 
 your warraunt, yifFen under my scale vm of Novembre ye yere of kynge Henry ye sext afr. ye 
 Gonquest xix. 
 PIERS ARDERNE, lieutenant (L. S.) To ye stiewerd of Black- 
 
 of ye duchie of Lancastre. bornshire p'ticler or to 
 
 his depute yere."* 
 
 Next to this, and immediately, as it appears, after the marriage of Richard Townley with 
 the heiress of Gierke, is a bond dated lOtli Henry VIII. from the above Richard to John 
 Gierke, of Warley (heir male). 
 
 Gonditioned to " abide the award of ye Reverend Father in God, John, Abbot of the 
 " monastery of our blessed Lady of Whalley, and Sir John Townley, knt. touching all manner 
 " of disputes," &c. 
 
 Then follows the award, allotting Keryall house and lands (a poor consideration, if he had 
 any colourable claim upon the whole,) to John Glerk, in feetail, and Role, &c. &c. to Richard 
 Townley, Margaret his wife, and ye heires of her body. 
 
 May it not be suspected, that in this adjudication the knight leaned too much to the side 
 of his kinsman, and that the abbot was too complaisant to the knight? 
 
 * This is one of our earliest specimens of a legal transaction in English. I have fvide Preface), fixed our 
 earliest English charters in this reign, and the latest French ones in that of Richard II. ; but later researches have 
 furnished me with an English custumale of the Honor of Cliiheroe, of the reign of Henry IV. (Assheton MSS.), and one 
 French charter of the same period, Townley MSS. I believe it would be difficult to meet with any other exceptions to 
 the rule. 
 
 1. l.«tlice,
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 335 
 
 1. Lettice, daughter and=Nicholas Townley, third son of John Townley, ofc^2. Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Cat- 
 
 icrall, hsq. widow ot William Tem- 
 pest, of Broughton, Esq. 
 
 coheir of Mr. William 
 Talbot, died s. p. 
 
 Townley, and Isabel Sherburne, and executor 
 to his father, living 14 Edward IV. 
 
 Richard Townley,: 
 living 30 Henry 
 VIII. 
 
 :Margaret, daughter of Mr. John Clarke, 
 of Royle and Walshaw, in whose right 
 he held Royle, i*yc. 
 
 Nicholas, chaplain 
 to Henry VIII.* 
 
 Nicholas Townley, died aj Heniy VllI.=pAnne, daughter of 
 
 at Gray's-lnn, where he was reader 
 and bencher. 
 
 Hugh Vaughan, 
 Esq. 
 
 Grace.:=(iill3eit Holden, 
 of Holden, 
 Gent. 
 
 Hdlen.: 
 
 =Mr. Rali)h Rish- 
 tiin, of Pou- 
 talgh. 
 
 Edmund Townley,: 
 died 4 1 Elizabeth. 
 
 Nicholas f , Sheriff: 
 of Lancashire, 
 8 Charles I. died 
 1645. 
 
 :Isabel, daughter and 
 heir of Mr. J. Wood- 
 roof, of Banktop. 
 
 :Kathariuc, daughter of ... . Curzon, Esq. 
 died 5 Charles I. 
 
 Francis. 
 
 — I 
 
 Barnard, 
 born 
 
 1597. 
 
 Richard, 
 
 died s. p. 
 
 lOGO. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Thomas, 
 died un- 
 married. 
 
 Aug. I60'G 
 
 Robert, died=pMary,daughterof 
 Mr. Laurence 
 Ormcroyd, of 
 Ormcroyd. 
 
 Marga-=pJohn Ingle- 
 ret, 
 bom 
 1607. 
 
 by, Esq. 
 of Lawk- 
 land. 
 
 Nicholas: 
 
 Townley, 
 
 died Feb. 
 
 IGS'i. 
 
 I 
 
 Isabel.^Richard, 
 son and 
 heir of 
 Richard 
 
 1 
 
 Catharine, 
 
 died un- 
 married at 
 
 Banktop, 
 
 ^Margaret, dau. 
 
 of Richard 
 
 Sluittleworth, 
 
 Esq. of Gaw- 
 
 thorp, died 
 1713, aged 93. 
 
 1 
 
 Edmund. =Hellen, dau. 
 of Mr. John 
 Hab ring- 
 ham, of Ha- 
 bringham. 
 
 _L 
 
 Katha-=Mr.Tho- ]\lary.=.Mr.Si- Eliza- 
 rine. mas mon beth. 
 
 Farrer. Haydock, 
 
 of Hesand- 
 forth. 
 
 Nicholas=pSarah, dau. 
 
 Sherburne, Oct. 1649. 
 of Stony- 
 hurst, Esq. 
 
 Townley, 
 born 
 1648, 
 died 
 May 
 1699. 
 
 and coheir 
 of Mr. T. 
 Barcroft, 
 ofBarcroft, 
 married in 
 1670. 
 
 Fleet- 
 wood, 
 died 
 an in- 
 fant. 
 
 Fleet-= 
 wood, 
 born 
 1648. 
 
 :John Haberg- 
 ham, Esq. of 
 Habergham, 
 died without 
 
 J_ 
 
 Richard, born 
 1651, died 
 1695, pro- 
 genitor of 
 the Town- 
 leys, of Bel- 
 field. 
 
 Edmund, Rec- 
 tor of Slaid- 
 burn, born 
 1652, buried 
 at Burnley, 
 Nov. 1729. 
 
 Thomas Townley,=p.\nnc, daughter of ... . Leigh, 
 died July 17.37- ( of Chorley, Esq. 
 
 Nicholas, born 16*1, 
 died 1684. 
 
 Nicholas, 
 
 born 
 
 1697, 
 
 ob. s.p. 
 
 Anne, 
 born 
 1699. 
 
 Sarah, 
 
 born 
 
 1704-5. 
 
 T 
 
 Thomas Townley ,=p daugh- 
 
 born Jan. 30, 
 
 1706-7, died 
 
 1770. 
 
 I 
 
 Anne.= 
 
 tcr of . . . . 
 Frost, Esq. 
 of Lancas- 
 ter. 
 
 Richard, Margaret, Edmund Townley, possessed 
 
 born born of the estate after the 
 
 1708-9, 1710-11, death of his brother, 
 
 died died born Oct 29, 1714, died 
 
 1737. unmarried. July 11, 1796. 
 
 iRobert Parker, Esq. of Extwisle. 
 Vide Extwisle. 
 
 Sarah, died an infant 
 in 1736. 
 
 Near the North extremity of the town is Banktop, once the property of the Woodroofs, 
 of whom Isabella, the last heiress, marrying Nicholas Townley, of Royle, Esq. Feb. 4, 1606", 
 had an only daughter, Margaret, who married Jo'un Ingleby, of Lawkland, near Clapham, 
 Esq. descended from Sir William Ingleby, of Ripley, Knight, by whom Isabella, married to 
 Richard, son and heir of Richard Sherburne, of Stonyhurst, Esq. and Katherine, who died 
 unmarried at Banktop, October 1G49. Inconsequence of this last marriage the estate passed 
 to the Sherburnes, and was sold by Mr. Weld, the late representative of the fiimily, to the 
 Rev. J. Hargreaves, who has erected upon it an excellent house. 
 
 * I find from Mr. Wai'ton's History of English Poetry, that there was a Nicholas Townley, clerk of the works at 
 the building of Cardinal College, now Christ Church, O.xford ; and this was probably the man. 
 
 f This Nicholas had a large estate ; and his daughter marrying contrary to his inclination, he settled his lands on 
 
 Mr. Nicholas Townley, his cousin, leaving the conveyance in the hands of a friend, charging him not to declare it 
 
 within a month after his decease, which was faithfully performed. MSB. Christopher Townley. 
 
 James
 
 33e HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. HI. 
 
 James Hargreaves, of Gondshaw, Gent.=pElizabctb, daughter of Mr. Birtwistle, 
 horn A.D. 1716, died 1770. | of Huncoat Hall. 
 
 r -^ 1 . 
 
 1st. Mary, ivi-=Jolin H;iri:;reavi;s, Clerk, A. M.=:2. jMis, Mary Janies: 
 dow of Henry formerlvof BrazenoscColl.Ovf. 
 
 Blacktiiiie, a verv active and iiscfid iVlaiiij- 
 Esq. of Ful- trate for the county of l/ini IV- 
 
 ledge, near ter ; died at Bank Hall, and 
 Burnley, s. p. was interred at Bundcy, Dec. 
 23, ISl^. 
 
 Lord, of 
 
 Har- 
 
 Broad- 
 
 greaves. 
 
 eloui^h, in 
 
 of 
 
 llobsendale. 
 
 Good- 
 
 
 shaw. 
 
 
 Gent. 
 
 I r 
 
 -Esther, John Hargreaves,=j=CharlotteAnne, 
 
 dau. of Esq. intheComm. 
 Mr. Jas. of the Peace, and 
 I leap, of Dep. Lieut, for the 
 Gamble- co. of Lane, and 
 side. Lieut. Col. of the 
 Local Militia. 
 
 only dau. and 
 heiress of Lau- 
 lence Ormerod, 
 
 of Ormerod, 
 
 Esij. died Feb. 
 
 0, IhOG. 
 
 I \ 1 
 
 Annc.=pRev. John Fau- James Hai greaves, Esq. in=::Anne, dau. of Tho. Eleanor, John, born at CliarlotteAnne, 
 cett, of Ewood the C'omni. of the Peace for Hippon Vavasour, born Feb. Ormerod,Feb. born Sept. 29, 
 Hall, CO. Ebor. the county of Lancaster. Esq. of Rochdale. 9, 1803. 10, 1804. 1S05. 
 
 THE HAMLET OF HJBRl'AGHJM EVEZ. 
 
 In a cliarter, dated 31st Edward III. it is called '•' Hamletta de Ilabrincham in Villa do 
 Brunley," and this is unquestionably its proper denomination. 
 
 The orthography of this word has been extremely irregular: 1st. Hambrigham, then Abar- 
 incham, next Habringham, and lastly Habergham. Recurring therefore to the original spelling, 
 I have no hesitation in referring it to the well-known Han or Hambrig. Eaves are properly a 
 tract of ground surrounding a principal mansion. Thus Bashall Eaves, &c. from the Saxon 
 epefe margo, suggrundia. Lye apud Juniiim in voce. 
 
 This township stretches nearly North West and South East from Padiham bridge to the top 
 of Hore Law, a long and uniform ascent of about four miles, and from Bradley Brook, the 
 boundary of Hapton, West, to Ightenhill Park, and afterwards to the Calder, East, from one to two. 
 
 At the time of the great Inquisition, after the death of Henry de Lacy in 13II, there were 
 
 In Habringham, demised to tenants at will, 248^ acres - - 4 2 10 
 Adam de Holden, and Hen.de Bridtwiseil, 2 oxgangs of free land - 6' 
 
 ^.4 8 10 
 
 But here is no mention whatever of two oxgangs granted long before by Roger de Lacy, 
 (vide infra) and which are in fact the original demesne of Habergham Hall. I cannot account 
 for this omission. Including the last, the basis of property here can have been only half a 
 carucate, which is the usual proportion of our hamlets. This survey also excludes Townley, 
 which was then a separate hamlet. 
 
 By survey, taken anno 36 Elizabeth, tiitre were in Burnley and Haberghameaves together, 
 378 acres of freehold land, and of ancient copyhold, 1375 acres, 2 roods, 1 pole. The num- 
 ber of freeholders, eight, and of copyholders, who held no freehold, 55. In consequence of 
 the decree of enclosure for the manor of Ightenhill, dated June 25, 1G18, the whole is now 
 divided. 
 
 At Habergham Hall flourished, for several centuries, a respectable family of the same name, 
 who bore Argent, three pole-axes Sable, Or, three cross crosslets. The first of these, of whom 
 I have met with any account, was 
 
 Matthew de Hambrigham, to whom Roger de Lacy, who died A.D. 1211, granted two 
 oxgangs of land in Ilambringham. 
 
 Next occur in charters, without date, 
 
 Peter
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 337 
 
 Peter*. Geoffry. Adam tie Habringham.=j=. 
 
 Matthew de Habrins^ham.^. 
 
 Adam t de Habringham,=p Henrv and William de Habringhain, 
 
 living 1310. held lands here of the gift of 
 
 I Henry de Lacy, 1310. 
 
 I ' 
 
 John de Habringham.=pIMargeiy, living 1358, 
 1 his widow. 
 
 John de Habiinghani, died at Habergliam,=p daugh- 
 
 37 Edward HI. 1364. | ter of 
 
 I J 
 
 Richard de Habrinicli;'m,=j=Cicely, daughter 
 living 5 Henry IV. j of 
 
 , : 1 
 
 John Habrintcluim, settles the manor=pElizaheth, daughter 
 of Habringham, 1469. | of Godfrey Fielding, 
 p. 1 1 
 
 Hugh Habrinicham =pMariraret, daughter Robert. 
 I ^of ^ 
 
 I I , 
 
 William Habergham,=pJeiinet, daughter of Mr. Thomas Parker. .She survived, and Robert. John. 
 
 living 1 Henrv N'lll. | married, 2d. Mr. James Catterall. 
 
 I 
 
 1. Grace, daughter of Sir John Townley, and widow of Sir=Laurcnce Habergham,::^. Margaret, natural daughter of 
 Robert He-keth, of Rufford, died without isrue. Ii\ing 4 Elizabeth. | Sir John Townley J. 
 
 r' T 1 — ' 1 
 
 William, John, Richard Habergham,=pMargaret, daughter of Mr. Nicholas Alexander, 
 
 born before buried Feb. 24, Hancock, of Higham Tower, bu- 
 
 marriagc. 1590. | lied Dec. 15, 1604. 
 
 r -r ^ -r -, 
 
 Laurenre Haberghani,=p.'\nne, daughter Margaret.:=Mr. Edward Eliza-=Mr. Burdet, of Anne.=Mr. Tomkins, 
 
 baptized Dec. 8, 
 1566, buried March 
 26, 1615. 
 
 ofEdmundHop- Gillibrand. beth. MonrGrange, of Newcastle 
 
 wood, Est), of near Leeds. upon Tyne. 
 
 Hopwood. 
 See the following jiage. 
 
 * Grants the homage and service of Adam, son of Peter de Habringham, in Wardis, Relievis, &c. Townley MSS. 
 This seems to have been the first Adam. 
 
 f It is extraordinary that Christopher Townley, who first compiled the jiedigree, had actually transcribed charters 
 from which I have given these five descents, and has yet omitted them all; even the first gi-antee from Roger 
 de Lacy. 
 
 J It appears that Laurence Habergham married Grace, Lady Hesketh, about 1546, and that she did not survive 
 above three or four mouths, after which he married the said Margaret, natural daughter, as she is called, of Jennet 
 Ingham, a single woman ; but, according to other accounts. Sir John Townley is said to have been married to Jennet 
 Ingham, (qu. whether of the Inghams, of Fulledge, in Burnley wood .>) but, on account of her inferior rank, the 
 marriage was not acknowledged. Whatever the true state of the case may have been, Mr. Habergham was prosecuted 
 for the .second marriage as incestuous. With respect to the issue of the suit, it is clear from the succession of the 
 family, that the marriage was not annulled; but it is probable that both parties gained their respective ends — the 
 husband, in retaining his wife ; and the promoters, in extorting money. Ex. imtr. dat. die Jov. 8, 1562, 1« dovw 
 Pra-htnda de Uhketf infra Cath. Ebor. 
 
 I have since found the determination of Thomas Young, Archbishop of York, which was, that Margaret, daughter 
 of Jennett Ingham, being merely the putative child of Sir John Townley, begotten during the lifetime of his wife, the 
 marriage was valid, as the law of incest does not extend to the relation between putative and legitimate children. 
 
 2 X Laurence
 
 sss 
 
 HIsrORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 Ivaurcnce Habergliani.=pAnnc. 
 
 I 1 1 1 
 
 1. Anne, dau.rpjolin Ha-=p'2. Anne, Mattlirw, Itichard. Catha- 
 
 ofMr.Nicho- 
 
 las Bancroft, 
 
 of Paliz 
 
 House, 
 
 buried 
 
 Sept. «r. 
 1677. 
 
 bergrham, 
 
 dauahtel 
 
 buried 
 
 of .Mr. 
 
 Feb. '3.5, 
 
 Ge<)i'e;e 
 
 1660. 
 
 Pollard, 
 
 
 of 
 
 
 MillhiU. 
 
 born 
 1.58S. 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 :Mr.Tho- Marga-=Mr.R.Hal- Wary, 
 mas ret. sted. 
 
 Duck- 
 worth. 
 
 :Mr Green, 
 of Horse- 
 forth, 
 near 
 Leeds. 
 
 Hellcn.: 
 
 :Mr. Eflniuiid Townlcy, 
 of Clifton. 
 
 1 
 
 Martha.: 
 
 =Mr. V\'illiam Duxbun', 
 of Deane. 
 
 Laurence, Ricliard,=Hellcn, dau. 
 born died of Mr. Tlio- 
 
 1617jdied without mas Ham- 
 young, issue, merton, of 
 1667. Padihani. 
 
 I I 
 
 .Tolin Ha-=pKlizabeth, Laurence. 
 
 beriiluun dan. of 
 
 Mr. Clay, 
 
 of Clay- 
 
 house,Par. 
 
 Halifax. 
 
 Jane.=Mr. John 
 Halsted. 
 
 T I I r 
 Anne. 
 
 Klizabeth. 
 
 Matthew. 
 
 Isabel. 
 
 ~r-T— 1 
 Mary. 
 Katharine. 
 Jennet. 
 
 I •- 
 
 John Habergham, born 16.")0, died without i.s.'iuc.= 
 He is reiTiembt'icd by aged persons yet alive, 
 about the year l/'ZS ; but, from the silence of 
 the registers, it does not appear tliat lie was 
 interred either \^ith his wife at Padiliani, or 
 with his ancestors at Burnley; indeed he was 
 not worthy to be joined to them in burial. 
 
 :Fleetwood, daugh- 
 ter of Nicholas 
 Townlcy, Esq. 
 of Royle, died in 
 170.5, biuied at 
 Padihani. 
 
 •I l l 
 
 Rlary. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Anne. 
 
 -- T~r-T 
 
 Hellen. 
 
 Margaret. 
 Priscilla. 
 
 Clay Habei'g-: 
 ham, of Nor- 
 land, Par.Ha- 
 lifax. 
 
 John Habergham. 
 
 A more useful lecture on the consequences of profligacy and extravagance, I have seldom 
 read, than in the evidences of this estate, which, after having provided for so many numerous 
 families, and supported so many generations in reputation and plenty, sunk all at once under 
 the folHes of its last owner. For, from the time that he entered into possession, scarcely a year 
 elapses without the sale of a farm, till at last, the mansion-house and demesne were swallowed 
 up b)^ the foreclosure of a mortgage in 16S9; and this improvident man was driven by an 
 ejectment from the house of his ancestors to a cottage, in the thirty-ninth year of his age. The 
 mortgagee was George Halsted, of Manchester, whose son devised Habergham Hall to Henry 
 Halsted, Rector of Stanfield, and he, after the death of his son without issue, to the Halsteds, 
 of Rowley, in wiiose representative it is now vested. 
 
 In a low and warm situation on the banks of the Calder, and at the northern extremity of 
 the township, is Gawthorp*, the ancient residence of the Shuttleworths, a branch from Shut- 
 tleworth Ha!!, bat settled here at least as early as Richard H. -}- In allusion to the name, their 
 fiimily bear — Argent, three weavers shuttles Sable, threaded Or. Here they resided in the 
 condition of inferior gentry, till the lucrative profession of the law raised them, in the reign 
 of Elizabeth, to the rank of knighthood, and an estate proportioned to its demands. 
 
 The house, built cither by the Chief Justice of Chester, or, according to tradition, by his 
 brother I and successor in the estate, is a lofty embattled pile, with small and numerous 
 
 * The original orthography of this word has probably been Gowkthorpe ; as it was undoubtedly that of Gawthorpe, 
 near Leeds : and probably from Gouk (Isl. Gouke) theCuckow. So Goukisholm, now Gawksholm, near Todmorden. 
 
 f MSS C^hristojiher Townlev. 
 
 i The date upon the plaister-work of the long gallery is 160.3 ; that of the arms on the front, 1605. The shell of 
 the house, at least, must have been finished before the foirner : allowing, therefore, two years for this part of the work, 
 the foundation must have been laid in ICOl, which was probably soon after the accession of Laurence Shuttleworth 
 upon his brother's death. The annexed engraving is ftoni a painting in the possession of the family, which, from the 
 ftyle of the parterres, &c. appears to have been taken about a century ago. 
 
 windows
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] 
 
 HI.STORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 339 
 
 windows projecting upon corbels, covered with lead, and surmounted by a single turret in the 
 centre of the roof. The portraits of the founder, and many collateral branches of the family 
 (for neither of the brothers to whom it is ascribed, left any descendants) are remembered in 
 the house ; but it has never been more than an occasional residence since the death of Richard 
 Shuttleworth, Esq. in I669, the acquisition of fairer seats, by a succession of wealthy mar- 
 riages, having occasioned its desertion. 
 
 However, it is a building which, from its durable materials and strong construction, will 
 endure neglect ; and, if it escape a violent demolition, with which it was once threatened, may 
 remain for centuries a monument of that stvie which combines the picturesque eftcct of the 
 castellated mansion with some degree of internal lightness and convenience. 
 
 The origin of this branch of the family, and their first settlement at Gawthorp, was as 
 follows : 
 
 Henry Shuttleworth married Agnes, daughter and heiress of William de Hacking, by 
 whom Ughtred Shuttleworth, the first of Gawthorp, a name which the family seemed anxious 
 to perpetuate as of the founder of their house. 
 
 The proof of this fact was extracted by Christopher Town ley, from the old court rolls at 
 Clitheroe, which are now lost. 
 
 " Halmot ajKid Brunlay, 12 Ric. H. Job. de Eves sursum red. 254 acres de Rodlaund in 
 " villa IghtenhuU ad usum Ughtred de Shuttleworth." 
 
 Next, after an interval of more than seventy years, occurs 
 
 Laurence Shuttleworth, of Gawthorp,: 
 liviiiir 3 Edward IV. 
 
 ^Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. Richard Worsley, 
 of Meailev. 
 
 r 
 
 _L 
 
 "T 
 
 Nicholas Shuttleworth.=pHelleii, dauKhter of Mr. Christopher Parlier, Heniv. 
 I " of Radholm Park. 
 
 .J 
 
 Helen. Agnes.=Mr. Nicholas Talbot, 
 of Carr. 
 
 ~r 
 
 Heni-y, died Hugh Shuttleworth, died l.")9C,=p.^nne, daughter of Thomas Grimshaw, Richard, died Bernard, died 
 s. p. buried at Padihani, Dec. 26. | of Clayton, Esq. s. p. s. p. 
 
 r 
 
 1 1 n 
 
 Sir Richard Shuttleworth,^Marj;aret, dau. Laurence, B.D.Rec- Thomas, died=p:.\nn, dau. Hcllen.=Mr.C.Nowell, 
 
 Knt. Serjeant at Law, 
 Chief Justice of Chester, 
 SlElizabeth, (seeKing's 
 Vale Royal,) died, with- 
 out issue, about 1 600. 
 
 r 
 
 of wi- tor of Witchford, before his bre- 
 
 dow of Ro- in the county of thren,andnot 
 
 bert Barton, Warwick, ])os.sessed of 
 
 Esq.ofSme- died witliout issue the estate, as 
 
 thclls. in I607 or 8. by Inquisition. 
 
 of Mr. 
 
 Richard 
 
 Lever. 
 
 of Little 
 Mearley. 
 
 JL 
 
 Richard Shuttle- 
 worth, Esq. 
 died June 
 1669, aged S2 
 
 Ughtred, Anne. Hellen.=Sir Ralph Eliza-=SirMatthcw Whit- 
 Barrister Assheton, beth. field, of Whit- 
 of Gray's Bart, of field, in North- 
 Inn.' Whallev. umberland. 
 
 _L 
 
 Richard Shut-: 
 tleworth, died 
 before his fa- 
 ther, Jan. 
 16.18. 
 
 Fleetwood, Nicholas 
 
 daughter and heir 
 of R. P'leetwood, 
 Es(f. of Barton*. 
 
 Jane, Nicho- Ugh-=Jane,dau. Barton. William, Tho- Marga-=NiclioIas Anne.=L. . .Assh- 
 
 dau.of las. tred. ofRadcUtf John. Captain mas, ret. Townley, ton,ofCuer- 
 
 Mr. ./Vsshton, Edward. for the died Esq. of dale, esq. 
 Kirke, Esq. Parliament, s. p. Royle. 2.R.Townley, 
 ofLon- of slain at Esq. of Barn- 
 don. Cuerdale. Lancaster. side and Carr. 
 
 _L 
 
 Nicholas. Fleetwood. 
 
 Sir Richard Shuttleworth t, Knt. born 164 ),=j=.Margaret, daugliter of John Tempest, E-q. 
 died Jidy 1687, buried at Padiham. I of Old Durham. 
 
 See the follow ing page. 
 
 * This lady was espoused first to Richard Lord Molineaux in his nonage, but (he or she) consented not to it when 
 of .-xge. MSS. Hopk. 
 
 t The opulence of the family, and, at the same time, the convenience of paper currency, appeal' from the follow-
 
 S40 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 Sir Richard Sliiittlcworth, Knt.=pMarg^ret. 
 
 , 1 
 
 daughter of Henry Gierke*, M. D.=Richard Shuttlewoith, Esq. died Dec— daughter of Tempest, 
 
 President of Magdalen College, Oxford. 174S, buried at Forcet, having sat £»([. of Old Durham, 
 
 died without issue ? in eleven parliaments. | 
 
 "1 : 77 — rrr. — : — ^ 7l~~. : tt: r.i.. 
 
 Richard, died at Naples, James Shuttleworth, Esq npMiss Holden, daughter and heiress of Holden, William, 
 
 unmarried. died 1773, aged h8. 
 
 Esq. of Aston, near Derby. died s. p. 
 
 Robert Shuttleworth, Esq.=^ daughter of General 
 
 died 1S16. I Desaguliers. 
 
 I 1 ' .1 I II 1 
 
 James Shuttle- Robert, Barrister at Law, to whom his Five daughters. 
 
 worth, Esq. father devised Gawthorpe, and his other 
 
 estates in the parish of Whalley. 
 
 TOJVNLEV cum BRUNSHAW. 
 
 The next hamlet within the township of Bmnley, is Townley with Brunshaw, whicli la 
 charged in the most authentic of all our ancient documents -f, as follows : 
 
 " Heredes de Towneley, Brounshagh, et Towneley, pro hom. et servitio et 
 
 factione sectae ad Clitheroe de tribus sept, in tres septimanas - - - l8 3 
 
 In a deed, without date, in a semi Saxon character, and probably of the reign of Stephen 
 or Henry II. the name first occurs in the person of an Henry de Tunlay, who had no relation 
 to the present family, but who can be proved to have resided here before the grant of the "Villa 
 de Tunlay" to the Deans of Whalley; for in a charter of Alexander, the first Abbot of Kirk- 
 stall, who died in 11 8l, 1 find Henry de Tunlay, Richard his brother, and William his son. 
 But what is of more importance, here appears also a Walter Capellanus de Tunlay, which leads 
 me to conjecture that in those early times this hamlet had a village and chapel, both which 
 must have been destroyed to make room for the house, offices, and grounds, of the opulent 
 family which followed : and accordingly a small close, now partly included in the kitchen 
 garden, is still remembered by the name of the Chapel Lee ; and, within this enclosure, I 
 have heard one of the old workmen affirm, that human bones had been discovered. This 
 orthography, Tunlay, is found ^ as lately as the time of Edward HI. from whicli sera it has 
 undergone a succession of changes — Thonlay, Touneley, Towneley, Townley, and lately 
 Towneley again. The etymology is obvious, cun praedium, villa ^, and leja, ager. 
 
 ing entry in the accounts of an agent at Gavvthorp, I677. " 13 Dec. Item, for Kundlets, to carry money in to Forcet." 
 This was another beautiful seat and estate then belonging to the Shuttleworths, near Richmond, Yorkshire. 
 
 * Henry Clerke, M. D. President of Magdalen College, Oxford, died at the house of his son-in-law, Richard Shut- 
 tleworth, called Gawthorp Hall, in Lancashire, March '24, 1686-7. Gutcli's Antiquities of Oxford. The avoidance 
 occasioned by Dr. Gierke's death, produced the memorable contest between Janus II. and the Fellows of Magdalen Col- 
 lege, which materially contributed to the ruin of that infatuated prince. This Richard Shuttleworth appears to have 
 had two wives, of whom the latter must have been his first cousin, and from whom the present family are said to be 
 descended. I have, therefore, marked the descending line accordingly, but with a ? Neither am I certain whether a 
 popular story ought to be applied to this Richard or Sir Richard his father, to wit, that the ages of himself, his lady, 
 and oldest child, did not exceed thirty-one jears. 
 
 f Inquisition of 1311. 
 
 X See the grant of the bailiwick. 
 
 § See Spelman's Glossary in voce tun. 
 
 The
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HLSTORY OF WHALLF.Y. 341 
 
 The original site of Townley appears to have been a tall and shapely knoll, southward from 
 the present mansion, still denominated the Castle-hill, and immediately adjoining to the farm 
 called Old-house, on the eastern and precipitous side of which are the obscure remains of 
 trenches, which, on the three more accessible quarters, have been demolished by the plough- 
 Here, therefore, in very early times, and far beyond any written memorials, was the Villa 
 de Tunlay, the residence, unquestionably, of one of those independent lords before the Con- 
 quest, who presided over every village, and held immediately of the Crown *. When this 
 elevated situation was abandoned, it is impossible to ascertain from written evidence or tradi- 
 tion ; but the present house may in part, at least, lay claim to high antiquity -J-. It is a large 
 and venerable pile, with two deep wings, and as many towers, embattled and supported at the 
 angles by strong projecting buttresses, all of which contribute to give it a formidable and 
 castle-like air. But it was, till about a century ago, a complete quadrangle, with four turrets 
 at the angles, of which the South side, still remaining, has walls more than six feet thick, con- 
 structed with groutwork, and of that peculiar species of rude masonry which will be noticed 
 under the observations on domestic architecture, and which indicates a very early date. The 
 side opposite to this was rebuilt by Richard Townley, Esq. immediately before his death, in 
 1628 ; but the new building applied to it on the North, was the work of the William Town- 
 ley, who died in I741. On the North East side, now laid open, were two turrets in the 
 angles, a gateway, a chapel, and a sacristrv, with a library over it. These last were removed 
 by Charles Townley, Esq. about a century ago, and placed with religious reverence in their 
 present situation, the stonework, wainscot, and every thing to which the effects of conse- 
 cration could be supposed to extend, having been preserved entire. All these had been the work 
 of Sir John Townley, Knt. The vestments, some of which are of a very antique and unusual 
 form, are recorded by tradition to have been brought from Whalley Abbey. Opjjosite to 
 the side of the quadrangle now demolisiied, is the ha!!, a lofty and luminous room, rebuilt 
 in 1725, by Richard Townley, Esq. 
 
 Here is an unbroken series of family portraits, from John Towneley, Esq. in the time of 
 Elizabeth, to the uncle of the present owner. One apartment is completely filled (besides 
 a full length of Richard Townley, Esq. vvho died 1635), with heads inserted in the pannels of 
 the wainscot. In the dining-room hangs a noble picture inscribed with the name of the first 
 Lord W'iddrington, killed in Wigan Lane ; a page presenting him with armour: but is more 
 probably that of his son. 
 
 But the great ornaments of this place are the noble woods, principally of ancient oak, 
 finely disposed and scattered over the park and demesnes to a great extent. One forest scene 
 immediately beyond the house, though formerly perforated by rectilinear avenues in the 
 geometrical style of gardening, which prevailed in the latter end of the last century, had been 
 fortunately neglected till the awkward intervals were nearly closed, and the oaks had acquired 
 a bulk and solemnity which called for nothing but the hand of taste, removing obstructions 
 
 * See History of Property, and Domesday Book, in Blatkburne Hundred. 
 
 t At the foot of this hill, and in the township of Cliviger, is the Old house, said by tradition, to have been once 
 
 the site of the mansion : if so, the fortified hill was abandoned pretty early. A circumstance which confirms the ti-.uii- 
 
 tion is, that a charter of Gilbert de la Legh, dated Ujth Edward HI. and not likely to have been executed any where 
 
 but in his own house, is dated apud Clivachci'. 
 
 and
 
 342 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 and exhibiting them in proper points, to produce a most picturesque and interestinoj effect. 
 The hcence for inclosing the old park of Townley, which lay West from the house, bears date 
 as per Inquisition, 6"th of Henry VII. 
 
 The malice and the superstition of the common people have doomed the spirit of some 
 former and hitherto forgotten possessor of this estate, to wander in restless and long unappeased 
 solicitude ; crying, 
 
 3tan out, %aj} cut, 
 
 ijorclato anD l^oUinijcj? <IlougJj. 
 
 Let it be understood that by lay out, is meant the reverse of take in, — to throw open, that 
 is, or disappropriate. 
 
 Now to shew at once the foundation and the antiquity of this story, as well as to illustrate 
 a remark, that traditions, when stripped of the marvellous, have generally their basis in truth, 
 I will quote the following record: 
 
 " By letters patent, dated Feb. 28th, 1st Jacobi, the said king grai ts unto Charles Lord 
 " Mountjoy, Earl of Devon, in consideration of the good services done by him in the time of < 
 " Queen Elizabeth, and since, inter alia,* all that parcel of land called Horelaw pasture, con- 
 " taining, by estimation, 194 acres, of 24 feet to every perch, abutting on the North upon a 
 " pasture called Holiinhcy, parcel of the possession of the Dutchy of Lancaster, and formerly 
 "enclosed in severalty by John Townley, Knight." -|- 
 
 This was evidently an encroachment, which had been seized by the officers of the Dutchy, 
 and granted out afresh. But the offence has been remembered long after it had been redressed, 
 and even when the name of the offending party was forgotten. 
 
 Inclosures were always unpopular among the common people, who uniformly inflicted 
 upon their oppressors that punishment after death which they were unable to do in their life- 
 time. A bishop of Sherborne, and another of Lincoln, according to Leland ^, were robbed of 
 the repose of their souls, and condemned to wander about their own parks, for the same offence. 
 The same author records the curses bestowed upon Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, by 
 the commonalty, for enclosing the field of Thornbury, in the county of Gloucester §. And the 
 reader of Shakespeare will remember the unfortunate petition presented to the Duke of Suffolk 
 against himself for inclosing the commons of Melford ||. 
 
 * In 1612, this demesne was surveyed, and the lands estimated, upon an average, at little move than '2s. per acre. — 
 The Parliamentary Survey of this demesne extends to 1070 acres, of 7 yards to the perch, including Brunshaw 118 
 acres, Horelaw 292, purchaseil from the Crown under a resetved rent of lOs. and the demesnes in Cliviger, of which the 
 whole valuation was 21 IZ. — The wood was estimated at 900/. There was neither tlien, nor at the time of the former 
 Survey, any park, but Old Park Meado\v is mentioned.— The first of the above Surveys, together w ith many curious 
 particulars, partly written and partly subscribed by Ric. Townley the elder, wlio died in 1628, are contained in a large 
 folio, in very antique binding, with a strap and buckle, locked up in Mr. Townley'.s private book-case. The latter is 
 in the same volume, but in a later hand. 
 
 t See the Court Rolls at Clitheroe. J Itinerary. 
 
 § Ed. D. of B. made a fiiyre Parke hard by the Castle, and took much faire grounde in it, very fruitefull of come, 
 now fayr launds for coursing. Tlie inhabitants cursyd the Duke for thes lands so inclosyd. — Lei. It. vol. IV. j). 95. 
 
 II See Second Part of Henry VI. 
 
 I am
 
 Book IV. —Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. Mi 
 
 I am not displeased to have been able to trace this popular superstition to its real source. 
 
 By that original and accurate memoir, the Status de Blackburnshire, whose merits I have 
 already discussed, we are enabled, on the clearest evidence, (corroborated by the collateral 
 testimony of charters) to deduce the present family of Townley from the Deans of Wiiallev. 
 But the following charter will shew by what means the deans themselves became possessed of 
 the Villa de Tunlay, which, by a privilege always exercised by them, though sometimes con- 
 tested by their successors, they actually transmitted in fee to their lay descendants. 
 
 " Sciant presentes et futuri, quod ego Rogerus de Lascy, Con. Cest. concessi et dedi Galfrido 
 " til. Rob. Decani de Walleia pro hom. et serv. suo duas bovatas terrae in Tunleia cum suis 
 " pertinentiis pro quadam mansione ibidem habenda quando venari voluerit, com muni pasturae 
 " de Brunleia et omnibus aliis aisiamentis, &c. et cum omnimoda Chacea ad omnos feras 
 " bestias extra meas haias dominicales. Et sciendum est quod praedictus Galfridus habebit 
 " praedict. bovatas infra has divisas, viz. a Thornlai Clogh descendendo usque Calder et sic 
 " sequendo Calder usque ad Bradbrig et del Bradbrig usque ad Dcdsike (qu. Dodsike) usque le 
 *' Haukesncst Clogh Heved et del Haukesnest Clogh Heved usque le Pikedelaw et de Pike de 
 " Law usque Crowbrock, et sic sequendo le Crowbroch usque ad sum mum caput de Crow- 
 " brocke, et sic a summo capite de Crowbrocke, usque le Withenslackehevid et ex le Withen- 
 " slackhevid, usque le ISIiddlehill et ex le Middlehillj usque Thornelaisike heved (Thorndeu- 
 " head) et sic usque Thornlin Clough." 
 
 The sera of this charter is of course somewhere between HQS, the year of Roger de Lacy's 
 accession to the estate, and 1211, when he died. 
 
 A careful comparison of Abbot Lyndlay's account of the Deans of Whalley, with the char- 
 ters to which they were parties or witnesses, has enabled me to give a corrected, and, I hope, 
 nearly an accurate statement of this singular genealogy, which, according to the same account, 
 extends to 170 years before the Conquest, though that computation allows only eight generations 
 for a period of three centuries. 
 
 Notes
 
 Notes on the opposite Pedigree. 
 
 ' Of whom see a wild and picturesque story (Mon. Angl. v. I.) that he cut off the tail of a wolf while hunting 
 in Ror^sendale, from which he acquired his name. Since the account of the tleaneiy was written, I have discovered a 
 place called Deansitreve, in Brandwood, and this I am convinced is the place niiswrilten Ledmesgieve or Senesgreve. 
 
 ' In Burton's ^lon. Ebor. I have met with some other pei-sons of the decanal family, not mentioned in the Status de 
 Rlackburnshire, or elsewhere so far as I know. 1st, Simon, son of Gaufrid, formerly dean of VVhalley, grants certain 
 lands in Helgefeld, to the Monastei-y of Fountains, p. 19G. — Again, Josias, son of Robert, formerly dean of Whalley, quit- 
 claims to the same ceitain lands in Ripley, )). 197- — Lastly, Henry, son of Geolfry, dean of VVhalley, grants lands to the 
 same in Swinton He is afterwards called Henry de VVhalley : ib. — Henry de VVhalley married Elenor, daughter of Simon 
 de Montalt ; by whom he had, Geotlry de VVhalley, living in I'iGl , of whose posterity I know nothing. 
 
 ' Once culled Cecilia de 'I'honlay, which I remark only for the singularity of the spelling. 
 
 * Died in his father's life time. 
 
 ' Gdb. til .lohnde la Legh, cone. 6part. man.de TowneleyGilbertoavomeo.ieE. Hl.ap. Cliviger. test. Ric.de VVhitacre. 
 
 * Purchaser of Birtwi^le ISO?, and of Hapton 1303, ahve in 1.546. 
 
 ' Gilbert de Legh and Alicia ux. 3d Ric. II. Gilb. til. John de Legh 5th Ric. II. Alicia, vid. Gilb. Ric. II. sisme. 
 
 » Gilbert <lel Legh, and Ric. frater ejus 29 Edw. HI. This Richard was sheriff of Lancashire from 50 Edw. III. to 2d 
 Rich. II. appointed bv John of Gaunt. 
 
 s John lil. & Her. Rie. de Towneley, 5th Rich. II. — inq. post mort. 1410. Among the Tmvnley MSS. is a protec- 
 tion from king Richard II. for the estate and ettects of this John, going to Guiiies along with Sir John Talbot, after- 
 wards Earl of Shrewsbury. '° Inq. post inort. 
 
 " Dame Jenet, widow of Sir Richard Towneley, was living 3d Rich. III. 
 
 '^ It has never been determined under what limitations the title of Sir was applied to priests. It evidently did not 
 apply, as in the I'niversilies, to Bachelors of .Arts, as it is |)erpetually given to those who had no degrees. 1 never remem- 
 ber to have seen it annexed to the degree of M.A. ; but the instance before us, and one other, Sir Robert Clyffe, D. D. 
 will prove that it was not incompatible with the highest academical honours. I have seen one instance of the use of it 
 as low as l(i3I, when it was highly improbable that a person ordained before the reformation, should have been alive. 
 
 '^ This is the knight mentioned by Leland, Itin. vol. I. |). 96, '• Within a good mile or I came to VVoiksop I rode 
 " through a parke of Mr. Townle's, a knyght for ye most abyding in Lancaster.shyre. — And in this parke is a veri praty 
 " little house." Sir John Townlev was an active long-lived man, and memorable in his geneiation. He enjoyed the 
 estate nearh sixty years, and encreased it by many (Huchases. He enclosed the park of Hapton, and built the tower ; 
 founded the chantiy of St. Marv, at Burnley, and built the family quire. He built .also the doau'stic chapel at Towneley; 
 lived to see the m uriage of his grandson with the heiress of VVimbish, avoiiled the pilgrimage of grace, which ruined 
 many of his friend.-, and died in a good old age about the year 1540. (He died March 5, 1541. Dodsw. ) From the dates of 
 his charters he a|)pears to have spent his latter days at Hapton toner, and there probably he ended them — In both settle- 
 ments on his ivives, the jointure «as sS.'iOper ann. The fortune of Frances VVimbish was 500 m. In the Inq. p.m. 
 Sir John Townltv, the whole Lancashire estate was found to be worth ^.100. But inquisitions are little to be 
 depended upon as the real value of estates. — In the visitation of Tho. Tong Norroy, for 1530, is an account of his visit 
 to Sir John Towneley, which leaves no very favourable impression of the Knight's liberality — " Sir John Towneley, knt. 
 had to his fiist wyti'e one u"^*" was dowghter to Sir Cha. Apylledon, sone of the Ayers to Gatforth, wherby she berys 
 the goots. I wot not what her name vs, nor I made no gret inqysytion, for he wold have no note takyn of hym, ?aynge 
 that ther was no more gentilmen in Lancasher but my Lord of Darby and Mowntaygle. I sowght hym ;dl day, rydyng in 
 that wylde contrey, and his reward was '■Is. whyche ye gwyde had the moste pt, and I had as evil a jorney as ev'' I had." 
 
 " The common pedigrees (vide Hopk. Lane. Gent ) make Isabel Pilkington to have cUed s. p. and the family toliave 
 descended from Anne Ratclift'e. This is demonstrably false, as she was certainly alive in 1521. Sir Richard, the grand- 
 eon of her husband, married in 1537. It is equally false, that .Vnne, the second wife of Sir John Townley, was a Rad- 
 cUfl'e. It does not appear who she was, but she married, 2d, Sir William, son of Sir Alexander Radcliff, of Ordsall. 
 
 '5 On the pannelled ceiling of the chapel at Townley, are the following initials of the family and their friends, at 
 the time of its election, or soon after, in old English characters. I will appropriate as many as I am able. AT. AR. 
 Anne Lady Townlev, 2d wife of Sir John, and Anne RadclitF, probably intended for the same person after her second 
 marriage. RIC. qu. Mary Cooke, commonly called Eliz. daughter of ditto. RT. Sir Richard Townley, — his father 
 Richard, as I conjecture, being then dead. CT. Charles Townley, second son of Sir John. EN. Ellen Lady Nevile, 
 of Liversege, his sister. BI. TE. For tlie first of these, vide the end of this note ; of the second I can conjecture nothing. 
 ET. Elizabeth Townlev, wife of Charles, and widow of John Nowell, of Read. LT. clearly Laurence Townley, 1st of Barn- 
 side. ST. Probably his wife. BT. Barnard Townley, LL.D. or another P.arnard of Hurstwood. SE. I know not whom. MB. 
 Margaret Banastre, of Altham, daughtci- of Sir John Townley. IT. Sir John Townley himself — his grandson John being 
 then an infant. EF. pi-obably a Foljambe. AT. Anne Townley, daugliter of Richard the elder, who afterwards married 
 Barcroft. Tl. Vide the end of this note. NM. TA. Of whom I know nothing. Amongst these cyphers appear BI. TI. 
 concerning which I am unable to offer any conjecture, unless they belong to the family of Jennet Ingham, Sir John 
 Townley's mistress in his later days : and it may be thought improbable that such a connection should be acknowledged 
 in such a place. With this fav.iily, however, whom I suppose to have been of FuUege, he was long and intimately con- 
 nected, having presented Sir John Ingham, priest, to his chantry in Burnley church, as early as 15th Hen. VI I . so that he 
 seems, by a very unhappy and preposterous arrangement, to have chosen out of the same house, the chaplain of his youth, 
 and the mistress of his old age. Sir John Townley was contracted to his first l.ady per verba de futuro in his father's life- 
 time, and at seven years of age. He was afterwards in ward of Sir Charles Pilkington her father. From the difference 
 of arms it appears that this family was of another stock than the Pilkintons of Lancashire. 
 
 '* Sir Rich. Townley leaves his body to be buried in the chapel of Our Lady at Burnley, and his soul to ,\lmighty God, 
 his Maker and Redeemer, by whose great mercy, and the merits of Christ's passion, he hopes, &c. — Was he a Protestant ? 
 
 " By will, dated 1627, Richard Townlev, E>q. leaves to his eldest son Richard all such armour as 1 have within the 
 chappel work of VVhalley, by appointment of my brother in law Sir Ralph .Asshcton, Baronet, Deputy Lieutenant. He 
 <lied in Drury Lane, on St. Andrew's Eve, 1628, and was buried near the chancel door in St. Clement's church, near 
 Temple Bar. The will of his widow is dated at Hapton, 1633 — the latent inslance in which I find the tower of that place 
 to have been inhabited by any of the family. 
 
 '' With the following epitaph — " Here heth the body of William Townley, of Townley, in the county palatine of Lan- 
 " caster, esq. son of Richard Towneley, esq. and the Hon. Mary VViddringtan. He married Cicely, the daughter of Ralj)h 
 " Standish, of Standisii, in the said county, Esq. and of the Laily Philippa Howard. He dei)arted this life the 2d day of 
 •' February, in the 2Sth year of his age, A.l). 1741, R. LP." 
 
 l^ote, the letter P is affixed to those names, of whom there are Portraits in the House.
 
 e several Coats of Arms folli 
 
 Townehy. Bears — Argent, 
 
 mullet-i in chief Sable, voi( 
 Rixton. Argent, on a bi 
 Pilkington. Argent, a cro; 
 
 voided of the field. 
 Gateford. Sable, tliree goats 
 Wymhijshe. Gules, a lion rain 
 Bariiaclce. Argent, a chevron h 
 
 bannerolles Sable. 
 
 Lymbiirne. Argent, six cini Tj 
 
 ., and 1. 
 Durcy. Argent, thiee sixe fof 
 Bertram. Gules, an orle beti 
 
 crosslcts Or. f ' 
 Blylon. Argent, on a bend Al 
 
 molines Gules. 'J'' 
 
 Gernon. Argent, on a bend 
 
 callops of the first. 
 
 Engame. Azure, a fesse da 
 
 escallojjs Argent. 
 
 TOTFNELEY of TOIVNELEY. 
 
 Argent, a fess and three midlets in chief Sable. 
 
 [Tu face p. 344. 
 
 Lacy, Const. Cestr. Johan. frat. Galf. 
 
 ^ . , "? ^"'^r'l? '" ''''''°' Galftidus, jun. = Decanus..^ Robertus, Persona de Alvetham, 
 
 ,^. Hen. et Gaufr. hi. ejus. | et postea de Rachdale. 
 
 Gilbert del Legh.=p. . . . 
 
 , 1 
 
 Margaret.=VVilliam de Middlemore, of Holme, living 1321. 
 
 com. Cest. — Thoresby. 
 t videtur. — Towneley MSS. 
 
 Thomas d 
 
 r 
 John 
 
 Sir Richard Towneley 
 at Hutton Field i 
 
 fohn Towneley '^ knight, she in 
 40, Sep. Burnl. Orders by wil ^' 
 
 r 
 
 ichard Towneley, esq.'%pEliz Suffbrd. 
 test. 1555, at 'Burn!. ofl of Ha- 
 sep. Burn. 1 
 
 Richard de Towneley', alias de la Legh.=j=Helen, dr. of , 1345. 
 
 Alice.^Edmund, sou and heir of Sir Thomas Dacre, 30th Edw. HI. 
 eming. 
 Sherborne, esq. of Stonyhurst. 
 
 Sir Barnard Towneley, 
 LL.D. ■■ 
 
 Grace. (100 marks.)=Roger Nowell, of 
 Read, esq. 1468. 
 
 "T 
 
 "1 
 
 , settled Isabel=lst, John, son of Sir John Talbot, of Salesbuiy. Gi-ace=Thomas Hesketh, of 
 urstwood. 2d, John Hopuood, of Hopwood, estj. RulTord, esq. 
 
 r 
 
 Jane,=lst, Thomas Sherborne, esq. Eliz.:=:Mr. John 
 2d, Mr. Ralph Shuttle- Cooke, of 
 
 worth, o/ Hacking. London. 
 
 Margaret. =Nich. Ba- 
 (50 marks.) nastre, of 
 Altham, 1513. 
 
 Sir Richard Towneiroft, 
 
 at the siege 
 
 Bennet.:=Thomas Nowell, of 
 Read, esq. 
 
 Grace.=!Mr. Hugh 
 Halsted. 
 
 "1 
 John. 
 
 Iharles, ob. 1607, sep. Burnl. P. 
 
 Richard Townelev, esq. born Nicholas, Jane, Frances, 
 29, 1566, ob. 162S. P. qu all died s. j). 
 
 Anne.=:William Middleton, of 
 Stockeld Park, esq. 
 
 1 T I 
 
 Margaret, Elizabeth, Frances, 
 all died young. 
 
 I 1 -" 1 
 
 Jhn, Richard Towneley, dice, dr. of John Francis, ob. 
 
 lied 1598, died at L^ Braddyll, of atSt.Onicr's, 
 
 ung. Nocton, Dec. 23, Portfieid, esq. aet. 16. 
 
 Anne.=John, son and heir of Sir Edward Plumpton, of Plumpton, 
 nupt. 1626, ob. 1643, in Knaresborough Castle, of a 
 bruise received at Marston Moor. 
 
 ichard Towneley, esq. born ll 
 Jan. 30, IToe-r, vid. B 
 
 ticnt, born at Nocton ; and I ine. 
 born 1655. Both died youns 
 
 r 
 
 Richard Towneley, ci y, ub. 
 
 sep. Burn. Aug. 
 
 IG. 
 
 I 
 
 Charles, ob. inf ; 
 sep. Burn. March 
 4, 1717. 
 
 Charles Townley, esq. born 
 of the estate ISOO, and 
 Spartlingus, dean of Wha 
 3, 1805, sep. Burnl. 17tli 
 
 Anne, ob. 
 ] 6.")0. 
 
 Catherine. 
 
 i\Iury.:=;Philip Constable, of Houghton, 
 com. Line. esq. 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 Dorotliy.=:Francis Howard, of Frances,^Cuthbert Kennet, of Margaret. P. and Cicely. P, 
 P. Corby, esq. P. P. Cuxhow, esq. P. Nuns, ob. Gosscz, Paris. 
 
 1 
 
 Ursula, died 
 young. 
 
 Charlotte, died 
 young. 
 
 Ursula, a Nun at 
 Louvain. P. 
 
 Margaret, died 
 young. 
 
 \Vill ;ey, esq. born=pBarbara, 4th dr. of Edwanl Dic- 
 1731, living I conson, of Wrightington, esq. 
 I esq. ob. 25tli Dec. 1797. 
 
 Mai-y Calhcrine,=Thomas Hornyokl, esq. 
 bornl721, ob. of Blackmorc Park., 
 1*62. P. com. Worcest. 
 
 Peregrine E(l-=pCharlotte, 4th daughter 
 
 ward, born 
 
 Oct. 10, 
 
 1762. 
 
 •of Robert Drummond, 
 esq. of Cadland, co. 
 Southampton. 
 
 Barbara, born=Sir \A'illiani Stanley, 
 April 14, of Hooton, 
 
 I75.S. bart. 
 
 John, born 1806. 
 
 Charlotte-Mary, ooru 1799. 
 
 Francis, born IbOl.
 
 . ^„„1 Coats of Aim3 following, are quarteied by Towneiey, of Townelcy, in Lancashire, their 
 p* ancient seat. 
 
 ^- 
 
 T^mkii. Beara— Argent, a fesse and three 
 
 mulleii in duef Sable, voided of the first. 
 Virion. Argent, oq a bend Sable. 
 pilkmgton. Argent, a cross patonce Gules, 
 
 ToideJ of the field. 
 Galtford. Sable, three goats saliant Argent. 
 , Wvmbashe. Gules, a hon rauipant Argent. 
 i s<trnacke. Argent, a chevron between three horse 
 bannerolles Sable. 
 lymbiimt. Argent, si.\ cinquefoils Sable, 3, 
 2, and 1. 
 . Ouffjf, Argent, three sixe foils Gules. 
 Btitim. Gules, an orle between nine crosses 
 cmsslets Or. 
 p Bl^toa. Argent, on a bend Azure, three crosses 
 
 molines Gules. 
 . Crmon. Argent, on a bend Azure, three es- 
 callops of the first. 
 ,-; Engame. Aznre, a fesse dancett between six 
 esoUojis Argent. 
 
 13. Ddahay. Argent, a sun in his glory Gules. 
 
 14. Knight. Argent, a cla-vron, between three mul- 
 
 lets Sable, pearced of the held, 
 
 15. Rowteij. Argent, on a bend Gules, three cres- 
 
 cents of the fii-st. 
 
 16. Lound. Argent, fietted Azure, in chiefe a mul- 
 
 let Gules, for a diB'erence. 
 
 17. Byrun. Argent, a bend Gules, and two above. 
 
 18. Clayton. Argent, on a bend Azure, three an- 
 
 nulets of the first, and a eross between fitche 
 in the simster point of the scutcheon of the 
 second. 
 
 Crests. 
 Towneley. A sparrowhawk proper, with jesses and 
 belb, sitting on a pearch : the motto "Tenes le 
 vray." 
 H'ymbijJie. A saracen's head, with his cap on. 
 Guteford. Two goats, browsing on an ivy tree. 
 Byron. A mcremaid combing her haii-, holding a 
 glass or mirror in her hand. 
 
 Spartlingus, 1st dean of Wlmlley upon record. 
 Liwlplius Cutwolphe'. 
 Cudwlphus. 
 
 I 
 
 Henricus, sen. 
 
 1 
 
 Ruber tu 5. 
 
 T07FNELEY of TOTVNELEY, 
 
 Argent, a fess and three mullets in chief Sable. 
 
 [To face p. 344. 
 
 Henricus Dec 
 
 Willielmus Decanus. GjltVidus sen. fil, Rob. Decanus; 
 
 Job. Clericus, fil. Wil. Dec. s. p. 
 
 L^ fil. Roger de Lacy, Const. Cestr. Johan. frat. Galf. 
 
 Henricus, fil. Galf. per cart. Nothing more is known of him. He was unknown to abbot 
 Lindley. These paities attest a charter thus :— Gaufr. Dec. Hen. et Gaufr. fil. ejus. 
 
 Galfitdiis, jun,' Decanus.^. , 
 
 I 
 
 Robertas, Persona de Alvctham, 
 
 et postea de Rachdale. 
 
 Rogerus, Decanus ultimus. 
 
 Richard de Tunlay.=p. , 
 
 I'eter de Tunlay, vel Towneley, the first who is known to have used the present arms =. , 
 
 i ■ J 
 
 Richard de Towueley.=p 
 
 Agnes, s. p.^John de Hargrcave. 
 
 Gilbert del Lcgh.^. , 
 
 ■«CecUia.^pJohn del Legh*, ob. > 
 
 i.=pji 
 
 . 4thKdw.in. 
 
 Margarct.^Williani de Middlemore, of Holme, living 1321. 
 
 Gilbert del Leeh 5, 
 
 John de la Legh^^CIarier, dr. of Thomas 1 
 
 ■gh*. possessed of Towneley, IGth Edw. lH,=Alice, dr. of Robert Vernon, of Warforth, com. Ccst.— Thoresby. 
 
 Tliomas, possessed of a third part of Towneley, 4Gth Edw. III. s. p. ut videtur. — Towneley MSS. 
 
 Thomas del Lcgh, son of John. 
 
 Gilbert del Legh", expressly called son of John, s. p. ob. IGth Rich, ll.^lst, Katherine, di". of Richard de Balderston, 1336.='2d, Alice, dr. of . 
 
 John de Towneley», ob. 1410, ^t. 38, Utb Rich. II.=pl. Isabel, dr. of William RiMon.^oj, Elizabeth, dr. of ... . Nagier. o. s. p. circ, 3d Hen. IV.' 
 
 Richard de Towneley', alias de la Legh.=pHeIen, dr. of . 
 
 Robert and Henry, prieats. 
 
 .\lice.=£dmund, son and heir of Sir Thomas Dacrc, 30th Edw. III. 
 
 Richard Towneley "', ub. 1454,=pAlice, dr. of . . . 
 
 iMatiida=Winiam, son and heir of Sir John Fleming. 
 
 John Towneley, Esq.= i&t, Isabel, dr. of Nicholas Butler, of Kawcliife, esq. 1418, from whom he wa'* divorced.=p'2d, Isabel, dr. of Richard Sherborne, e9q. of Stonyhurst. 
 
 Sir Richard Towneley, knt. knighted by Lord Stanley=pJane ", dr. of Richard Southworth, of 
 
 at Huttou Field in Scotland, 1481, ob. 148' 
 
 Sanilesbury, esq. 1471, (40 marks.) 
 
 Lauitncr, of 
 Barnside. 
 
 Nicbolis, first of Grceulit-ld, from 
 whom the family of Koyle. 
 
 Heniy, of Dutton. 
 
 Sir Barnard Towneley, 
 LL.D. " 
 
 Grace. {100 marks.) :=Roger Nowell, of 
 Read, esq. 14G8. 
 
 -Vy^rHm'-!!' n'*l"^'^'' ^''^I'*^'**" I-ancashire from 23d to 32<1 Hen. Vlll. born 147.1, ob. 153<>=plst. Isabel, dr. and heiress of Sir Charles Pilkinton, of Gatetbrd. com. Not. I4S0, ob. l.-.2'i 
 iw.wp.Buml, Orders by \m11 uiu masses of the five wounds of 
 
 of our L4ud to be said for his soul. I 2d, 1.531, Anne'*, dr. of. 
 
 Richard Towneley .sq.'^i:Lzal.,.tl,. dr. of Henry Foljambe," 
 '«t. 1.55, at BurnI, of Walton, com. Derb. esq. 
 «p. Bum. 1511 1 
 
 ftho married 2d, Sir Wilhaui Radcliife, of Ordsall, s.p. 154.'i 
 
 Jnim, settled 
 at Huritwuod. 
 
 abel=lst, John, son ol Sir Jiihn Talbot, of Salesbury. 
 '2d, John Hopwoiid, of Hopwood, esq. 
 
 Charles, ob.=^152.J, Elizabeth, wid<iw t.f Jolin Nowell, of Read, esq. 
 
 153«), sep. 
 Burnt 
 
 mother of Dr. .Alexander Nowell, and of Elizabeth. 
 ^Thomas W'hitaker, of Holme, gent. 
 
 Heien.=Sir Robert Nevile, 
 of Liversege, 
 com. Ebor. 1506. 
 
 Ci-ace=lst, Sir Robert HeskLtb, of Rufford. 
 2d, Laurence llabcrghani, of Ha- 
 bergham, gent. 
 
 Jime,=lbt, Thomas SlR-rborne, p-^q. 
 2d, Mr, Ralph Shuttlt- 
 wui'th, qf Hacking. 
 
 Eliz,=Mr. .luhn 
 t'ookc, of 
 London. 
 
 Gracc=Tliomas Hesketh, of 
 Rufford, esq. 
 
 Margaret. =Nich. Da- 
 (50 marks.) nastre, of 
 AUbam> 1313. 
 
 SirRichurd Towntlcy. knight, ob. 1st Pbil. and Mary. knighted==Frances. dr. of Christopher Wimbysh .d" Noclon. to 
 at the siege of Lcith, in Scotland'*, sep. Burnl. '■ ■" ■ " -- 
 
 Line. c;q. I.'j37.=:.\lexander Katclilli?, esq. 
 
 Hellcn.^Robcrt Banister, of 
 Pai'khall, esq. 
 
 =Mr. ^Villiam Barcn»fi, 
 of Lodge. 
 
 Bennct.:=Thomas Nowell, of 
 Read, esq. 
 
 Grace.=Mr. Hugh 
 Halsted. 
 
 r 
 
 Il.oha,dT„„„e|e,,„,.b„,.n 
 '». um, ob. 162S. P. iju 
 
 John, Christopher, Charles, all died young. 
 
 Mary, sole heir, ob. Aug. IGoC. sep. Burnl. P.=pl55G, John Towneley, esq. son of Charles, ob. 1607, sep. Burnl. P. 
 
 'ane, ili-. of Raphe ,\s'.het(in, of Levpr, e--q. 
 ! 2.''jth May 1 ji»4, ob. July 1634, sep. Burnl. 
 
 John, Charles, 
 died young. 
 
 Christophci 
 born l.'Jif 
 
 =:Theodo5ia, daughter of . . . . 
 Tonstall, of Auclifl", esq. 
 
 Charles, born: 
 l.->72. 
 
 =Susanna, dr. of 
 .... Ross, rsq. 
 
 Thomas, Nicholas, Jane, Frances, 
 nil died s.p. 
 
 Anne.=:\VilIiam Middkton. of 
 Sinckcid Park, esq. 
 
 Margaret, Elizabeth, Frances, 
 all died young. 
 
 KOH 1- 1 J^y-t^^Mburn Apnl IG, 
 1598, dictl at Lincoln, buried at 
 -^«•^'«n. Dec. 23. \G\ih. P. s p 
 
 Charles Towneley, esi|. born .^iiril 22, I600,=pMary, dr. <jf Sir Francis Trapps Birnand, John, and John, 
 sl.'iiu at the battle of Marsttm Mdor, Aug. of Harrowgate, Vorkshire, ob. May, both died 
 
 2(1 or 3d, 10'44, buried on tlie field. P. | 1690, si. 91, sep. Burnl. P. young. 
 
 Christopher, the iiidef.iligable Iranscriber,=Alice, dr. of John Francis, ob. 
 born Jan. 9, 1603, ob. Aug. 16*4, sep. Braddvll, of atSt.Omcr's, 
 
 Bund. \id. Biographical Mcnmir. PorlKeld, e^q. '•£%. 16. 
 
 .Anne.=John, son and heir of Sir Edward Plumpton, of Plumpton, 
 nupt. \<i*lG, ob. 1643. in Knarcsborough Caitle, of a 
 bruise received at IM:irston Moor. 
 
 Jan. 3o"l-n?- **?!"" ^^'^-S. died at York, sep. Burn,=p.Margaret. dr. of t lenient Puston. of Barningham, com. 
 -*". 1/OG.,. .,d. Biogmphieal Memoir. P. T & - - -.- - -^ - ' 
 
 ^^z^£t^^^ 
 
 Norf. esq. sep. Burn. Jan. 20, 1672. P. 
 
 John, sep. Burn. 
 Oct. .S, 1678. 
 
 Charles, executor of 
 his brother's will. 
 
 Francis 
 
 Mar>-.::^Philip ConstLibIc, of Houghton, 
 com, Line, esq. 
 
 Anne, ob. 
 i6:)0. 
 
 J young. 
 
 Charles Towneley, esq. born April I9,=plG85, Ursula, dr. of Richard Far- 
 1658, Sep. Burn. March 5. 1711. P. mer, of Tusmore, com.Oxf.esq. 
 
 '*"t'li'^Blrn"t^''^''>' **"'" I'^^'.-r^I^^- '!•■ of William Lord WLIdrington, 
 ^»^?- Uurn. Aug. is, 1735 p I ■ ..... „ & 
 
 John, ob. inf. 
 sep. Burn. 
 
 Jolin, a 
 monk. P. 
 
 Richard, born 1664, a Car- 
 thusian, at Newport. P. 
 
 Thomas, 
 born 1668. 
 
 Dun It by. 
 P. 
 
 =FrancIs Howard, of 
 Corby, e*q. P. 
 
 Francc3,==Cuthbeil Kennet, of 
 P. Cuxhow, est]. P. 
 
 Margaret. P. and Cicely. P, 
 Nun«, ob, Go)u«z, Para. 
 
 T' 
 
 sep. Burnl. July 1731. P. 
 
 Charles, born 1G90. 
 ob. 1713. 
 
 John, born 1697, ub. 1782, 
 ^'id. Biographic.d Memoir. 
 
 George, born 
 1706, ob. 17y6. 
 
 Francis, born 1709, 
 ob. 1746. 
 
 Man', ob. 
 1716. 
 
 Ursula, died 
 young. 
 
 Charlotte, died 
 
 young, 
 
 Ursula, a Nun at 
 Louvain. P. 
 
 Margaret, died 
 young. 
 
 lani Towneley, esq. born 1714.=pCeciha, ath dr. and at length heir of Ralph Slandish, Richard, ob. 
 
 td at Bath, Feb.2, 1741-2, Innied of Standish. esq. by Lady Phdippa Howard, dr. of inf. ; sep. 
 
 1 the cimrch of Ruth Weston". P. Henry Duke of Norfolk' P. Burn. 1722. 
 
 'giM. dean of Whall, 
 ' *ep- Burnl. I7ih. 
 
 Richard, ob. 
 
 inf.; Sep. 
 Burn. 1729. 
 
 Cbaih-, 
 ob. iid". 
 
 Charles, ub. 
 inf. ; sep. 
 Burn. 1729. 
 
 John Towneley, esq. born^Baibara, 4th dr. of Etlward Die- 
 June 15, 1731, living conson, of Wrightington, cjq. 
 
 1800. 
 
 esq. ob. 2.'>th Dec, 17!*7- 
 
 Mary Catherine,=Thoroas Hornyold, caq, 
 born 1721, ob. of Blaekmore P^rk^ 
 1762. P. com. Worccst. 
 
 ■;■ "le estate itidA """V ^„'^'; '' »'■'/. po^ps^ed 
 '' '^^fTJC^ Z^.f'y' '■ P- ^i'^d January 
 
 Ralph Stand-^Henriclta, 9th dr. of 
 ish, born Roger Strickland, 
 
 June 18, 1739, esq. of Cattcrick, 
 ob. s. p. com. Ebor. 
 
 Edward Standish, esq. s. p.=Annc, dr. of Basil 
 born June25, 1 740 ; died Thomas Eccles- 
 at Siandish, on E,-ister ton, of Eccles- 
 Sunday, March 29, 1807- ton, esq. 
 
 Cecilia. born=l»t. Charles Strickland, of 
 July 30, Sizergh,com. West. eaq. 
 
 1741, died =2d, Gerard Stiick- 
 A. D. 1814. kmd, c^q. 
 
 IVi-egrine E«i-=pK:harlotte, 4lb daughter 
 ward, born 
 
 Oct. 
 
 17G2. 
 
 •of Robert Drumoiond, 
 tsq. of Cadland, co. 
 Smithainpton. 
 
 Barbara, bom=Sir William Stanley, 
 April 14, of Hootou, 
 
 1758. hart. 
 
 Charlotte, born Feb. 6, 1798. 
 
 Cburlc9, born 1803. 
 
 John, born 1806. 
 
 Charlotte-Mary, Doru 1798. 
 
 Francis, bum ItiOl
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLKY. 345 
 
 CLIFIGER, 
 
 An extensive, though not very populous district, at the South East extremity of the parish, 
 bordering upon those of HaHfax and Rochdale. It is in the very gorge of the English Apen- 
 nine, and in one of those elevated passes through the mountains, from which the waters 
 descend both to the eastern and western seas. 
 
 This pass has been evidently formed in consequence of some great convulsion of Nature, 
 which, by rending asunder the strata of the earth to a vast depth, has left a ridge of very for- 
 midable rocks on the southern side, from which the township probably took its name Clyppir- 
 j'cyjae*, or the rocky district. It expands, however, gradually towards the Xortli, into a 
 tract of fertile pasture ground. The lower and more sheltered parts of the townshij) abound 
 with woody hedge rows and small coppices, naturally and elegantly disposed : the deep gullies 
 above are now filled with thriving plantations; and even the bleakest and most naked points of 
 the rocks, wherever a patch of herbage appeared, have been lately intermixed with larches, 
 mountain ashes, birches, and other plants. 
 
 Cliviger abounds (as might be expected) with coal and iron ; it affords also a single vein of 
 lead running along one of the great fissures in the crust of the earth, technically known to the 
 miners by the name of ivalfs ; limestone, in a pebbly state ; pyrites ; and some singular extra- 
 neous fossils. From its broken precipitous surface, and the great variety of its soils, levels, 
 and exposures, it is also extremely favourable to the pursuits of the botanist: and the name of 
 Dodbottom, in particular, one of the(iu!lics opposite to Holme, is recorded in Dr. Withering's 
 Botanical Arrangements, as the habitation of several curious plants. 
 
 The almost inaccessible rocks above resound with wild and various yells of hawks, 
 which inhabit these secure retreats, to the destruction of vast quantities of game, whose 
 bones form little charnel-houses about their nests. Among these, one pair of far superior 
 size and strength, popularly called Rock Eagles, but really the Peregrine Falcon, now 
 become extremely scarce, have annually bred for time immemorial, in deliance of all the 
 endeavours used by sportsmen or shepherds to exterminate so formidalile a rival of one, and 
 robber of the other. 
 
 This elevated tract is farther remarkable for the sources of both the Calders, and of the 
 Irwell ; the two former issuing in opposite directions from one marsh in Cliviger dean ; the 
 latter from a spring called Erewcll, at the foot of Dirpley-hill, on the verge of Rossendale -}-. 
 This is a circumstance common to the great central ridges of the island, — the Ribble and the 
 Wharf, the Eure and Eden, the Swale and Lune ; all of which respectively pursue opposite 
 courses, having their fountains in the same hills. 
 
 The Calder, Col-dwr, or narroiv icater, (for such is Mr. Whitaker's etymology of the word, 
 and I think it, beyond comparison, the most probable which has been offered) has well nigh 
 
 * In one of the earliest charters of the abbey of Kirkstall relating to this township, the orthograiihy of the name 
 is contractedly Clivesh. which evidently points at my ctyniologj'. 
 t Vide Rossendale. 
 
 2Y lost
 
 346 HISTORY OF WHALLEY, [Book IV.— Chav. III. 
 
 lost its name and course in the errors and inaccuracy of our topographers. Of these the patient 
 reader may find a large and tedious collection in Mr. Watson's History of Halifax, from page 
 10 to 13, partly extracted from his predecessor Mr. Wright, and concluding with his own 
 opinion, that the water of Wallsden * had an equal claim to the name of Calder with the 
 genuine stream ; and to these I will add one, more pardonable, of our old poetical topographer, 
 Drayton, (see Polyolbion, Song 27,) who puts the following lines into the mouth of Ribble, 
 pleading for her superiority over Irwell, 
 
 " Then Calder, coming down from Blackstone edge, doth bring 
 " Me easily on my way to Preston, the greatest town 
 " Wherewith my banks are blest." 
 
 Drayton was a stranger and a poet, but Messrs. Wright and Watson were inhabitants of 
 the neighbourhood, and had no great claim to indulgence, for want of accuracy, on the score 
 of too lively an imagination. 
 
 It is to Harrison, an older and surer authority than all the rest, that we are indebted for an 
 exact account of the source and progress of the West Calder. "This brooke-|~," saith our 
 ancient topographer, who was better acquainted with the remotest corners of the kingdom than 
 some later writers appear to have been with their own parishes, " riseth above Holme Churche, 
 " goeth by Townley and Burneley, where it receiveth a trifling rill, and ere long crossing one 
 " water that cometh by Wycoller to Colne, and bye and bye another named Pendle brooke, it 
 " meeteth with the Calder, which passeth forth to Padiham, and thence receiving a becke on 
 " the other side, it runneth on to Altham, and thence to Martholnie, where the Henburne 
 " brooke doth join with all, — -that goith by Accrington Chapel, Church, Dunkenlialgh, Hishton, 
 " and so into the Calder, as I said before. The Calder, therefore, being thus enlarged, runneth 
 " forthe to Reade (where Mr. Nowell dwelleth), to Whalley, and soon after to Ribble;}:." 
 
 Both the Calders are also distinctly traced by Saxton ^, whose excellent map of Lancashire 
 is dated the same year with the first edition of Harrison's Description of Britaine, i. e. 1577. 
 Yet, in the year 1786, after a personal survey, does the author of a map of Lancashire upon a 
 very extended scale, once more confound the Calder with Pendle water. It is, however, no 
 more than justice to Mr. Yates, to acknowledge that 1 have discovered no other material error 
 in his performance. 
 
 For the origin and progress of the East Calder we must also refer to our old and faithful 
 guide, who, though unacquainted with the name, perfectly understood its course. " There is," 
 says Harrison, " a noble water that falleth into Aire, whose head, as I take it, is about Stans- 
 " field," (it is in fact within a mile of the western extremity of Stansfield,) from whence it 
 goeth to Croston chapel, to Langfield, &c. and so, without noticing the Wallsden water, from 
 
 * The Valley of M'^ells. Vide the etymology of Whalley. 
 
 ■J- Viz. the CulJer. 
 
 + Holinshcd"s Chronicles, first edition, 1.577. 
 
 § Speed, the faithful though unequal follower of Saxton, does the same IGIO. It is extraordinary that the earliest 
 set of English county niapa is beyond all comi)aris(m the best. The first efforts in English topography were \!g()rous 
 and skilful. 
 
 Dean
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 347 
 
 Dean Head, which Mr. Watson affirms to have an equal claim to the name of Calder, passes 
 on to the Hebden, and other collateral streams, by which it is successively augmented before 
 its union with the Aire at Castelford. " But," says our old and honest writer, with a truly 
 diverting simplicity, " what the name of this river should be, as yet, I here not, and there- 
 " fore no merveile that I do not set it downe, yet it is possible such as dwell thereabout are not 
 " ignorant thereof, but what is that to me if I be not partaker of their knowledge!" What a 
 stamp of veracity does such an open declaration of a writer's ignorance affix upon what he pro- 
 fesses to know ! Belliim est cotifiterl nesche quce nesc'ias ! 
 
 Having thus united the Aire and Calder at Castelford, it will not, I trust, be deemed an 
 unpardonable digression if I take this opportunity, the only one likely to occur in the present 
 workj of restoring the former to an honour of which I am persuaded it has been unjustly 
 deprived, namely, a place in Spenser's beautiful catalogue of northern rivers. The present 
 reading, is, 
 
 " Still Ure, swift Wharf, and Oze the most of might, 
 " High Ssvale, unquiet Nide, and troublous Skell *." 
 
 For Ure in the former line, I read, without hesitation, jlre ; as the former, far from having 
 any claim to the epithet nt'ill, is a rapid stream abounding with cataracts ; the latter, on the 
 contrary, which, from its situation, as well as character, it was much more probable that 
 Spenser should oppose to the Wharf, is remarkably still and gentle. " Arus enim," says Cam- 
 den, in words which flow as gently as the stream which he describes, " ex Pennegenti mentis 
 " radicibus ortus, statim ita nia-andris ludit, quasi dubius fontes an mare petat. Tranquiilus, 
 " compositus, et vix fluens leniter fluit, unde sortitum nomen credinms. Lenem enim ct Icntum 
 " Ara Britannis denotare diximus." 'J'he reading here proposed is confirmed by the etymology 
 of Wharf, which is derived by Camden, with equal probability, from (iuer, swift. This is a 
 trifling criticism, but I feel interested in restoring a beloved stream to its rightful place in the 
 works of a beloved poet. 
 
 It is time, however, to return to our subject. Of British antiquity here are no remains ; 
 but many appearances indicate a considerable Roman settlement in the lower and more fertile 
 parts of the township. In the year 1695, a considerable discovery of Roman coins, both Im- 
 perial and Consular, was made here, and fell into the hands of Mr. Charles Townley, a younger 
 brother of the Townley family, by whom they were presented to Thoresby, as " having been 
 " discovered in the parish of Burnley, near Mereclough, on the skirts of the wild moors which 
 " border upon Yorkshire, where a considerable heap of stone evidences the remains of a 
 "station."-}- Perhaps not; however, this heap, which gave name to Lawhouse, from Leap, 
 tumulus, remained till the year 1 763, or thereabouts, when it was removed as materials for 
 the turnpike road, and, as I have been assured, a kistvaen and skeleton were discovered 
 beneath it. Another tumulus of the same kind, of which there are still some remains, was 
 opened in the year 1766, and found to contain a rude urn, of which a fragment is in my pos- 
 session. About the same time a glass vessel was found in a field betwixt Barcroft and Over- 
 
 * Faery Queene, Book IV. Cant. 2. 
 
 t Due. Leod. p. 2S3. One of them was of tlie Cassian family ; but Thoresby had about twenty other Consular and 
 
 Imperial coins found here, which he has not described. ., 
 
 town.
 
 34S HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 town, filled with tlie small brass of Constantino and Licinius. And, in the year I773, I 
 obtained two beautifully enamelled fibulae of copper, which were turned up in getting stones 
 for the turnpike road above Holme. 
 
 In the fields about Redlees are many strange inequalities in the ground, something like 
 obscure appearances of foundations, or perhaps of intrenchments, which the leveling opera- 
 tions of agriculture have not been able to eftace. The High Law, immediately above, will be 
 noticed under the account of the chain of Roman Posts, which extend through the townships 
 of Worsthorn and Brierclift'e; and, to all these appearances, I have to add the recent discovery 
 of another small angular fortification in Easden, (from Saxon ea aqua and ben convaU'ts, the 
 ivatery Glen), now partially washed away by the torrent, but of which the remains are still suf- 
 ficient to ascertain its use, as the situation, directly in a line with High Law, and the other 
 remains described above, seems to indicate that it formed a part of that general plan of defence, 
 by small posts, in all the passes of our mountains, which will be proved in its place. 
 
 Of the state of the township in the Saxon times there are no memorials ; the name, how- 
 ever, is unquestionably deduced from that language, and extremely appropriate. It is farther 
 to be lamented that, from the hasty and imperfect manner in which this remote and then barren 
 tract was surveyed, the name does not appear in Domesday Book, which would have ascertained 
 some circumstances of its early state, interesting at least to an inhabitant, but novv irretrievablv 
 lost. But it gave name, like almost every other village or hamlet in the parish, to a family 
 which seems to have been extinct as early as the reign of Edward I. 
 
 And 1st, of this almost forgotten race, appears Robert do Clivacher the hunter, contempo- 
 rary with Roger de Lacy, temp. Richard I.* 
 
 Then Adam, son of Gilbert de Clivacher, temp. Maur. abbot. Kirkstall. 
 Then Reginald, son of Robert de Clivacher. 
 
 And lastly, Cecilia de Clivacher, with whom the name seems to have expired. 
 But the word Clivacher, so far as I know, first appears in the donation of Henry de Laci 
 the founder, of a carucate of land in that place, to the abbot and convent of Kirkstall, com. 
 Ebor. This donation, however, is said not to have taken efll^ct, at least for any long time, as 
 
 the premises so granted were claimed bj' de Elland, knight, and the grange of Accring- 
 
 ton was substituted in its place. The account in the Monasticon, vol. I. p. 856, is as follows: 
 " Abbas primus de Kirkstall obtinuit a Laceio inter alia in Clivacher i carucatam terrae cum 
 '■ pert, suis et pasturam equis et armentis amplam nimis. Miles quidam tempore Lamberti 
 " abbatis nomine de Eland grangiam de Clivacher sibi vindicabat: intelligens autem abbas 
 " quod miles cam juste impetebat, advocato suo Dom. Rob. de Lacy ij)sam grangiam resignabat 
 " data sibi grangia de Accrington in excambio." I suppose the plea of the knight to have 
 been grounded upon a suggestion, that this part of Clivager was within his manor of Rochdale, 
 to which it lay contiguous, and which, in times when the boundaries of lands were so extremely 
 lax and ill defined, he might do with some colour of reason. It was not long, however, before 
 the monks obtained from the Ellands their grange of Clivacher again; for, in the chartulary of 
 Kirkstall, is the following confirmation from Roger de Lacy : " Rog. de Lacy, Sec. dedit et 
 
 * Finis in curia Roger de Lacy, apuJ Cliilerhow, coram Roger de Lacy, William de Bellomonte, &c. intei- Henry de 
 EUiifld. et Robert de Clivager venatorem dc in bovatis tcna; in Clivager, "th Ric. I. — Chartul. de Kirkstall, 1. '2. fol. 109. 
 
 " confirmavit
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 349 
 
 " confirmavit Deo, S. INI. et monachis de Kirkstall, ad opus infirmorum srccularium, quioquid ad 
 " eum vel h;Eredes pertinuit in una carucata terra in Clivaclier, quani tenam Hen. de Elland 
 " dedit quant, ad ipsutn pertinuit. Test. Rog. de Montbegon, Ad. de Dutton. Sen. Eudone 
 " de Longvilliers, Wm. de Stapleton, Tho. Dispensatore, Wm. de Bellemonte, Galf. de Dutton, 
 " Galf. Decano," &.c. Seal quarterly (colours gone) a label of 7 jjoints. We have here the 
 only known instance in which Roger de Lacy made use of this, or indeed any armorial bearino- 
 properly so called. Among the witnesses to this charter occur three of his great beneficiaries 
 Stapleton for Saddelworth, INJontbegon for Tottington, and Bellemonte for Huddersficld. 
 
 The subsequent transactions of the abbot and convent of Kirkstall, with their feudatories in 
 Cliviger, throw much light upon the history of the place in the 12th and 13th centuries. 
 
 1st, Then A. or Alexander the first abbot, who died about llSl, grants to Walter the 
 chaplain ofTunlay, the lands late of Michael de Lichness (i)robably Lightbirks) in Cliviger 
 for the term of his life; and, after his death, to Adam and Serlo Alumnis*, to<>ether with 
 the right of feeding his hogs in Bosco de Clivacher, without pannage. Many subsequent essarts 
 have reduced this great wood to mere patches : but this circumstance strengthens the tradition 
 that a squirrel might once have traversed the township without touching the ground. 
 
 2d, Sabin, son of Henry de Lithines, grants lands to Robert de Litlnnes, in the vill of Cli- 
 vacher, rendering to the house of St. Mary of Kirkstall, two shillings of silver. 
 
 3d, Simon Lord Abbot, and the convent of Kirkstall, grant to Matthew, son of Henry de 
 Dyneley, the lands which Richard, son of Gilbert de Berecroft, resigned to them in Clivesh. 
 (Cliveshire the true orthography) east of Calder, and all the lands in Dyneley — Test. Richard de 
 Townley about the beginning of Edw. L 
 
 4th, Hugh Abbot, &c. grants to Gilbert, son of Michael de la Legh-|-, '•' liberum commeatum 
 " ad omnimodas bladas et braseas in Molendino de Clivager." 
 
 5th, The same abbot, &c. grants to Michael de la Legh, common of pasture in Clivager for 
 100 beasts, viz. oxen and heifers, and 200 sheep, in the village and territory of Clivager. 
 
 This statement, together with two subsequent grants after it returned to the family of the 
 founder by the agreement last referred to, will enable us to ascertain with accuracy the situa- 
 tion and contents of this carucate of land. 
 
 It must have consisted, 1st of Bruerley and Brownbirks, granted 
 
 30th Edw. I. to Michael de la Legh - - - - 60 acres 
 
 Which, with the Grange or Greeushouse ;}:, made up the whole of 
 
 Cliviger dean, and consisting of 18 acres, will amount to - 78 
 2d, The demesne of Holme and Thieveley - - - - 60 
 
 3d, Lichtenes and Birches, now Lightbirks, as per inq. - - Uf 
 
 4th, Dyneley, with its appendage Stonehouse, granted out as 
 above by the abbot and convent, uncertain, but may be esti- 
 mated at -_-_-_--_ 40 
 
 Acres 195^ of eight yards 
 
 * I suspect this to have been a decent name for two sons of the cliaplain. 
 
 fit was this which led Christopher Townley into the mistake that Gilbert de la Legh, ihe first of Hapton, waa son 
 of Michael. This Gilbert, however, was certainly a different person. 
 J Videinq. of 1311. 
 
 to
 
 350 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 to the perch, which is the custoniarv measure of Cliviger ; which allows 24 acres to the oxgang, 
 (vide Padiham, where the oxgang is proved to have varied according to the quality of tiie lands.) 
 
 This was at least a third of the original township, which appears from the following inq. to 
 have consisted of one carucate more than any other township within the parish. 
 
 [In one of the Townley charters, temp. Edw. III. are conveyed certain lands in Dyneley 
 inter aquam de Colder and Hernesdene Knoll. This is the shapely hill now called Dineley 
 Knoll. The antient Dinelev Knoll was the round hill S. W. from the village, and enclosed 
 about ")0 years ago. The Aqua de Calder is mentioned in several very antient charters relating 
 to CHviger, and the East Calder is recognized in Stansfield by several charters at Townley 
 relating to lands in that township, particularly Frieldhurst, I think as early as Edw. III.] 
 
 The other parts of this carucate will be attended to hereafter ; but Dyneley having continued 
 to be held by the above grant may properly be noticed here. 
 
 Hcniv de Dyneley, vix. temp. Hen. III. * 
 
 I ■ 
 
 Matthew de DMitle\', 1st gianlee under the abbey of Kiikstall.=p. . . . 
 
 I 1 ' 1 
 
 Oliver de Dyneley, rector of Thornton, in Lonsdale. M'illiam de Dyneley, 1316. John de Dyneley .rp, , 
 
 r 
 Robert de Dynelev.=p. . . . 
 
 : 1 
 
 John.=^. . . . 
 I 
 
 Margaret dr. and heiress.=f:Henry Townley, circ. 8th Hen. V. 
 
 1 ' 
 
 Thomas Townlev, 1445.=p. . . . 
 
 r— -> 
 
 Richard Townley ; 
 
 who, in 1492, sold Dyneley to Laurence Townley, of Barnside, and he to Sir John Townley, 
 of Townley, in whose descendant it still remains. 
 
 After all these transactions, the following agreement betwixt the abbot and convent on 
 the one part, and Hen. de Lacy, the last earl of that name, will prove that the grange of Cly- 
 vacher, with the exception of Dyneley, was once more restored by the monks to the chief lord, 
 — -^- " Conventio facta die Sabbati proxime post festum S. Lucse evangelistae inter religiosum 
 " virum Hugonem abbatem de Kirkstall, Cester. Ord. Ebor. Dioc. et nobilem virum Dom. 
 " Hen. de Lacy, Com. Line. &c. Abbas pro se et successoribus suis remittit et quietum cla- 
 " mat comiti et heredibus suis omnes terras, tenementa, &c. quae tenuerunt de pra^icto Com. 
 " in Akerington, Clyvaoher, et Hunuecotes, in Com. Lane. &c." 
 
 The annual rent of 50 marks sterling for the lands demised in this charter, seems to have 
 been very irregularly paid; for in 1297, the same earl gave a bond to the said abbot and con- 
 vent f(jr 150/. sterling, or nearly five years arrears of rent due on account of these lands in 
 Lancashire. 
 
 This transaction seems to have been intended as an act of kindness to the monks, who pro- 
 bably found the inconvenience of occupying granges so distant from the house, while their 
 benefactor could easily take up the rents and profits of them by his own receivers, antl transmit 
 ' the sti])ulated proportion of them to the abbey. 
 
 * Adam de Dyneley, of Clitheroe, founder of the family of Downham, also held lands in Dyneley, (Townl. MSS.) 
 
 and was therefore spi-ung from this place. The Dyneleys, of Bramhope, were a branch from Downham. — Thoresby. 
 
 t Kennel's Par. Ant. p. 310, and R. Dodsworth's MSS. vol. 1 17, p- 10. 
 
 A grange
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 3SI 
 
 A grange was the farm of an abbey, seldom demised to tenants, but in the occupation of the 
 convent; and it scarcely differed from a cell of the lower order : for as these consisted for the 
 most part of a monk or two, placed in some convenient situation rather as bailiffs to the estate 
 than for any religious purpose, so the grange, properly so called, was frequently governed by 
 a brother, who was dignified by the title of Prior of the grange. 
 
 The grange of Clivacher, besides the pustura equis et armentis ampla n'lm'is, would yield its 
 monastic owners a plentiful supply of its own small, but excellent mutton ; and to their present re- 
 presentative at Holme, it is not unpleasing to imagine, that the cowl of St. Bernard has often been 
 seen mingled with the grey doublets of the old shepherds or herdsmen of the place, — or while 
 he traces the now smokeless kitchens and abandoned refectory of Kirkstall, to remember that 
 the flocks which once supplied them, have descended from his own mountains. 
 
 The carucate of land thus finally alienated by the abbey of Kirkstall, was soon after regranted 
 to two branches of the De la Leghs by Henry de Lacy. 
 
 The following valuable charter will prove what we assumed before, 1st, That Holme was 
 part of the carucate of land in Cliviger, belonging to the abbey of Kirkstall ; and 2dly, When 
 and to whom it was alienated after it returned to the Lacies. 
 
 " Henry de Laci comite de Nichole et Conestable de Cestre a tous ceus ke cest. escrith ver- 
 " ront ou orront Saluz en Dieu. Sachez nus aver graunte e done e per cest. nostre escrite ciro- 
 " graffe confirme a Willam de Midlemore et a Margery sa feme tous les terres e les tenemens 
 " ke Rob. de Holme tint de nus en la ville de Clivager rendaunt, &c. vint sous." 
 
 " E pur ceo ke les ditz terres e tenemenz furent auntientens donez en Fraunche Aumoine per 
 " nos auncesters al Eglise de Kirkstall, voloins ke le dit Willam & Marg. fac a nus & a nos 
 " heirs les autres services & costomes ke nos autres Rodemauns * non fount en ce les jjarties, &c. 
 " Donne a Caune le Dyme jour de Mars Tan du Regne le Hoy Edwarde trentyme." or 1302. 
 
 Of the same date, and nearly in the same words, is a grant of Bruerley and Broanbirks, to 
 Michael de la Legh. This Margaret, upon whose heirs the estate of Holme was herebj' settled, 
 was daughter ot dilbert de la Legh, the first of Hapton ; and both these grants evidently appear 
 to have been oKtained by the interest of the Townley family with the earl of Lincoln, as a 
 settlement for two younger branches. No issue of Middlemore ever appears -j-. Both he and 
 his wifn were living in 1321 ; but in 1347 and 1350, I find in Cli^viger, a Richard de Whit- 
 acre or Ouitacre, of whom I can only conjecture that he married a daughter of Middlemore. — 
 Next is 
 
 * Rodmans, Radmans, Radkniglits, or Radchnistres, were mesne lords, or free tenants, who licld, not by knight's 
 service, but bv the tenure nf riding in tlie irain of the lord iiaramount, and attending him on Ills journeys. But the 
 word non appears to invei t the real sen>e of the passage, as it was evidently the object of these two charters to place 
 the grantees on the same fooling with other lords or free tenants, whereas lands held in frank almoigne were subject 
 only to the Triuoda Necessitas. I am not in possession of the original charter relating to Holme, and suspect that 
 this word has been added by mistake in the coi)y. 
 
 t From the following acquittance by a receiver of the honor of Clitheroe, I find that Holme belonged to the Tat- 
 tersalls in 1380, and that it had previously belonged to an Edward Legh, to whom it probably descended from Mar- 
 gery de Middlemore, herself a Legh.—" 1380. De her. Pet. Tattersall pro le Holme imondam sol. per Edw. Leglj, 
 1/. 2s. od. 
 
 It appears that my ancestors were first settled in Cliviger at Grimshaw ; for in a rental of the bailiwick in Black- 
 burnshaw, inter Dodsworth's MSS. for the 9th Hen. VI. Tho. ^^'hitaker is charged with 4s. lOJ. pro Grimshaw. Holme 
 is not mentioned, nor Ormerod, nor Barcroft, so that in a record so mutilated and imperfect, another entry in the 
 name of the same person for Holme may be omitted.
 
 352 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book IV.— Chap. Ill, 
 
 
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 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 553 
 
 The bare and rocky brows, the glens and g-uUies upon the estate of Holme, have, in the 
 interval betwixt the years 1 7 84 and 1799, been filled with trees of various species, the whole 
 number of which amounts to 422,000 ; and though the owner, consulting at once his own 
 resources and the genius of the place, rejected every temptation to minute and expensive decora- 
 tions, he has cut, in various directions, simple pathways along the plantations several miles in 
 circuit, which exhibit many home and distant views by no means uninteresting. 
 
 Holme, like most of the ancient structures in the neighbourhood, was originally built of 
 wood: the centre and eastern wing were rebuilt, as appears by a date remembered in the 
 plaister of the hall, either in the year 1603 or before. The west end remained of wood till 
 the year 1717, and had one or more private closets for the concealment of priests, the family 
 having continued recusants to the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign, if not later. The house 
 has become, by successive alterations, though an irregular, not an inconvenient habitation. 
 
 Appendant to this demesne was a chantry, founded undoubtedly * after the dissolution of 
 Whalley abbey (as it never appears in any compotus), and dissolved an. 1st Edw. VI. when a 
 pension of ll. lOs. 4d. was granted to Hugh Watmore, stipendiary prit>t, ^^hl;•h he continued 
 to receive A. D. 1553, (Willis's Mitred Abbeys, vol. II. p. 107) ; and an 3d i'A\z. the said Hugh 
 Watmore-}-, then of Prestwold, in the county of Leicester, sold a portion of the chantry lands 
 within Cliviger, of which the situation is not marked out (by deed pen. Auct.) to Thomas 
 W^hitaker, of Holme, Gent, whom I suppose to have been the founder, for the s'te was taken 
 out of the demesne lands of Holme, and the chantry could not have subsisted above ten years 
 when dissolved. 
 
 After the dissolution, it was considered as the property of the family ; and, by a singular 
 fate, though never reduced to a ruin, continued without a minister 200 years, when Anthony 
 Wetherhead, A. M. of Christ College, Cambridge, was licensed to it by bishop Peploe, on the 
 nomination of Thomas Whitaker, of Holme, gent. A. D. I742. He died in I760, aged So, and 
 was interred in the church-yard without any memorial. His successor was William Halliwell, 
 who died Dec. I796, and was succeeded by Thomas Dunham Whitaker, LL. B. of St. John's 
 College, Cambridge, licensed on his own petition by bishop Cleaver. 
 
 The fi'-st step towards a re-endowment of this poor neglected foundation was a rent charge 
 of ll. per annum, left upon the estate of Hane, by Mr. Henry Wood, a native of that place, who 
 had been clerk of the works under Sir Christopher Wren during the re-building of St. Paul's 
 Cathedral, and whose curious accounts of that great work are now in the author's possession. 
 This was followed by several successive benefactions from the excellent fund of queen Anne's 
 Bounty, which, with a donation of 400/. from the present incumbent, making in the whole 
 1600/. are all vested in lands, amounting to a glebe of I30 acres. 
 
 The old chantry (called by Harrison's Description of Britain, 1577, Holme Church) was a 
 rude but picturesque little building, only 42 feet by 18 within. It was built of irregular but 
 very deep courses of masonry, of which there were only six from the foundation to the roof. 
 
 * Having since had au oi>portunity of consulting the last compotus of Whalley abbey, I retract my conjictiiio, 
 p. 147, that this Chapel was founded in or before the reign of Hen. VII. 
 
 t I End from Nichols's History of Leicestershire, that this chaplain died and was buried at Prestwold, .\. D. I SCO, 
 if mv recollection is right in the date. 
 
 2 z The
 
 354 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 Tfie Walls were filled with groutwoik, and the lime with which they were filled had been burnt 
 with a mixture of hazle roots and coal, gathered as it might seem in the neighbouring doughs. 
 The qurre is remembered to have been adorned with Gothic carved work and inscriptions; 
 the latter of which, had they not been barbarously destroyed, might probably have ascertained 
 the name of the founder and the date of the foundation. The curious perforated old pulpit of 
 Hen. VIII. 's time only remains, together with some relics of a library, consisting principally of 
 controversial divinity, and once reposited in an " aumery" at the east end. 
 
 To complete the picture of this small but venerable oratory, the church-yard was surrounded, 
 and the windows darkened, by a grove of ancient sycamores swarming with rooks, so that 
 when there was any competition of voices at all, " cawing drown'd the parson's saw," though, 
 as we have seen, the rooks were for 200 years almost the only orators of the place. 
 
 In the year 1788, the old chapel growing ruinous, was pulled down, and rebuilt on higher 
 ground, at an expence of 870/. more than a moiety of which was defrayed by the author, and it 
 was consecrated by Dr. William Cleaver, bishop of Chester, July 29th, 1794. 
 
 In an aisle on the south side, appropriated to the house of Holme, and repaired by the 
 owners of it, a plain tablet of white marble commemorates the parents of the author, in the fol- 
 lowing inscription — 
 
 Juxta dormiunt in Christo 
 WILHELMUS WHITAKER, 
 
 Ecclesiae Anglicanae Presbyter, 
 
 et Lucia conjux. 
 
 Obiit ille 
 
 Cal. Jun. A.I). M.DCC.LXxxii. 
 
 annum aetatis agens lii. 
 
 haec vero 
 
 Id. Jul. M.DCC.LXXXVIII. 
 
 aetatis lxiv. 
 H. >I. P. 
 
 Filius unicus. 
 
 On a second has lately been inscribed the following : 
 
 MARIA . CAROLOTA . WHITAKER . 
 
 VIRGO . DECORA . PUDICA . FRUGI . 
 
 NATA . PIENTISSIMA . 
 
 ELEGANT! . INGENIO . INDOLE . 
 
 FOELICI . VIXIT . ANNIS • XXII . MENS . VI . 
 
 IN . VIVIS . ESSE . DESIIT . XIII . KAL . 
 
 MA . A . S . MDCCCXVl . UTROQUE . 
 
 PARENTE . CONTRA . VOTUM . 
 
 SUPERSTITE . 
 
 On the opposite side, upon a neat mural monument, with the arms of Ormerod impaling 
 Legh of Lyme, is the following inscription — 
 
 Here
 
 Book IV.-Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 355 
 
 Here lies the body 
 
 of 
 
 LAURENCE ORMEROD, of ORMEROD, Esquire, 
 
 who died March 22, 1793, 
 
 in the fortieth year of his age. 
 
 His afflicted widow 
 
 hath caused this monument 
 
 to be erected, 
 
 as a testimony of merited respect, 
 
 for the memorj- of an irreproachable 
 
 husband, father, brother, and friend. 
 
 The present chapel will contain somewhat more than 400 persons ; and the author record? 
 it to the credit of the inhabitants, that in fine weather (a circumstance of great consequence 
 to a congregation so widely dispersed), and out of a population certainly not exceeding 900, 
 he frequently numbers more than 300* hearers, including the children of a Sunday school. 
 Here are about 40 communicants, for whose benefit monthly communions have been instituted 
 by the present incumbent, who, deeply deploring the state of religion in the present day, is 
 yet firmly persuaded that as no other attempts to redress the evil are lawful in the established 
 clergy, so none are, at the long run, likely to be attended with any good effects, but a rigid 
 adherence to the doctrines and discipline of the Church. 
 
 From the substance to the shadow, which follows it, from the chapter of religion to that of 
 superstitions, the transition is easy and obvious. 
 
 Of these, the system of Faery mythology, well adapted to the character and scenery of this 
 place, to tlie deep and shady glens, the dark and antique farm-houses, where the lubbar fiend 
 might have stretched out his hairy strength, was universally received here till within tlie last 30 
 years, though now nearly forgotten. Puck himself was known by the name of Hobthurst, or 
 Dzemon of the wood. 
 
 The doctrine of witchcraft, of which the faculty was supposed to descend in families, though 
 upon little i-tiier evidence than that of hereditary malignity, is now nearly exploded also. This 
 opinion, th ; igh ])roductive of the most slavish inquietude, was somewhat the more harmless 
 as it seld >.i: broke out here into any outrages against the persons of the wretched creatures 
 who laboured under the suspicion, though there is reason to fear that an apprehension of some 
 secret and unimaginable revenge operated as their best security. 
 
 Every principal house had a local ghost, and every death, at least of considerable persons, 
 was supposed to be preceded by secret signs and warnings, which, however, were imparted in 
 a manner at once so useless and so uncertain, as to discredit the whole doctrine in the mind of 
 a sober inquirer. 
 
 * I am far from adopting a conclusion formed by the clergj' of Manchester, in a late account of the state of n-ligioa 
 
 there, viz. that two-thirds of the people never altcud religious worship at all ; — different members of the same family 
 
 undoubtedly attend in the morning and afternoon. 
 
 (.)ne
 
 356 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV — Ch.\p. III. 
 
 One practical superstition, peculiar so far as I know, to this place, deserves to be re- 
 membered. 
 
 The hydrocephalus is a disease incident to adolescent animals, and is supposed by the 
 shepherds and herdsmen to be contajjjous : But, in order to prevent the progress of the disease, 
 whenever a young beast had died of this complaint, it was usual, and it has, I believe, been prac- 
 tised by farmers yet alive, to cut off the head, and convey it for interment into the nearest part 
 of the adjoining county. Stiperden, a desert place upon the borders of Yorksliire, was the 
 place of skulls. Of so strange and fantastic a practice it is difficult to give any solution ; yet 
 it may have arisen from some confused and fanciful analogy to the case of Azazel (Numb, 
 xvi. 22.) an analogy between the removal of sin and of disease — that, as the transgressions of the 
 people were laid upon the head of the scape goat, the diseases of the herd should be laid upon 
 the head of the deceased animal, and that, as the one was driven into the wilderness never to 
 return, so the other should be conveyed to a desert place, beyond an imaginary line, which its 
 contagious effects should not be able to pass. 
 
 Why these superstitions, after prevailing, as they unquestionably have done, for centuries, 
 are gone into oblivion so rapidly within a few of the last years, it might perplex the acutest 
 inquirer into the changes of human manners to assign any one satisfactory reason. The 
 fact, I am persuaded, is not to be accounted for from any increase of general intelligence and 
 rational incredulity, — not, excepting in a few persons, from more knowledge of religion and 
 worthier conceptions of the Divine agency ; but, if any probable cause can be assigned, it is 
 surely a melancholy one, that the people are grown more selfish and less conversible, that their 
 old perio:lical seasons of narrative festivity are intermitted, that their simplicity is diminished, 
 though their understandings are not enlarged, and, above all, that the introduction of manufac- 
 tures, with the attendant spirit of gain, which torpifies whatever it touches, has eaten out, among 
 some better things, these poor remains of old and rustic imagination. 
 
 Thus iiHK'h for the carucate of land here, originally belonging to the abbey of Kirkstall, 
 which appears to have been an hamlet and mesne manor within itself. 
 
 In consequence of the original grant of Roger de Lacy, the De la Leghs long continued to 
 claim free warren in Cliviger, (not within the carucate of the gravige) as will appear from the 
 following records — 
 
 " Pl'ita coram Dno. Rege apud West, in term. SS. Trin. anno regni Regis Edwardi fil. 
 " regis Edw. 17°. 
 
 " Lancast. 
 
 " Juratores, &c. praesentaverunt quod Johannes fil. Gilbert de la Legh, cepit quatuor bestias 
 " sylvestres in libera chacea regis super les Estmorcs in Clivager." Then follows the same 
 John's avowry of the fact according to the presentment, and his right for so doing in right of 
 Cicely his wife, as lord of the third part Villae de Towneley, and, after some intermediate steps, 
 the verdict of the jury in these words — " Dicunt super sacramentum suum quod prsedictus 
 " Johes. fil. Gilberti tenet III", partem manerii de Towneley jjer legem 'Angliae (/. e. he was 
 
 " tenant
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 357 
 
 " tenant by the curtesy) post mortem Ceciliae ; et aiitecessores ipsius Cecilia? et omnes alii 
 
 ei 
 
 Townles (sic) in ten. praedict. quae idem Johes. nunc tenet chaceaverunt et fera 
 
 " tempore quo non extat memoria infra certos limites in chacea regis pdict. ratione ten' suoru 
 
 s ceperunt a 
 m 
 
 " pdict. scil. incipiendo in quodam loco vocat. Thirosden Heuer. (rather Heved or Head, now 
 " Thurstin Head) versus Orient, versus quendam locum vocat. Bradley Brooke (the boundary 
 " betwixt Haberghameaves and Hapton) versus Occident, et incipiendo in quodam loco vocat. 
 " Saxifield Dyke versus Boream^ usque quendam locum vocat. Crowbrookc (the foro-otten name 
 " of Redwater Clough, descending from Crowhull) versus Aust. ; et dicunt quod pdict. loci de Est- 
 " mores et Clivacher in quibus pdict. Johes. cepit quatuor feras sylvest. est infra lim. i)'dict." 
 
 These ample boundaries comprehend not only the township of Cliviger, but Worsthorn 
 and Extwisle (in the two last of which the right seems to have been superseded by later o-rants) 
 Haberghameaves, and, as I conceive, Burnley also* ; and, when to all these was added the 
 great contiguous manor of Hapton, by the marriage of this John de la Leo^h and Cecilia de 
 Towneley, he must have been a Nimrod indeed, of whom it could be said lestuat Infelix an- 
 gusto limife ; for, from Brownbirks to Altluini, in one direction, and from the summit of 
 Hameldon to the foot of Boolsworth in another, the two diameters of this tract are little less 
 than ten miles each; and, allowing for all the irregularities of the figure over which they are 
 drawn, the whole area can scarcely be estimated at so little as 50 square miles or 32,000 acres 
 a wide and comparatively harmless field for the activity of an ancient hunter : when, excepting 
 a few patches of culture about the villages, the whole countr)- lay'open before him, with no 
 impediments in his way but rock and bog and native wood ; when there were no retired 
 pleasure grounds to invade, no neat hedges to tear up, no young plantations to trample down, 
 — besides that, his trifling irruptions upon the enclosed -j- domains of the neighbouring land- 
 owners were authorized and legal ; but how deeply has the modern planter and improver to 
 lament, that, under a change of circumstances, so much of this old and barbarous spirit should 
 yet remain ; that it should have been transferred from gentlemen, in whom alone it is tolerable, 
 to the meanest of the rabble ; and that he should every winter be exposed to the unlicensed 
 intrusion of men who defy the Jaw of trespass, because they are beneatli its operation:};. 
 
 Again, by inquisition taken before Godfrey Foljambe, date lost, but circ. 3Sth Edvv. HI. 
 the jurors found that " Gilbertus del Legh habebat liberam chaceam pertinentem ad manerium 
 " suum de Towneley, et etiam liberam chaceam pertinentem ad manerium suum de Hapton;'' 
 and this highly valued privilege conferred upon the mesne lords a rigiit " ad chaceandum et 
 " venandum infra chaceas suas tam cum extraneis quam cum domesticis ad liberam volimtatem 
 " eorum sine impedimento dti. Ducis (John of Gaunt) seu aliorum D'norum ibm." yet with a 
 reservation of their original rights of chace to the lords paiamount, " except© quod forestarii seu 
 
 * The manor o( Burnley is once or twice passed in cliaiters of the family in the fiftcenih ccnturj, but never 
 before or since. 
 
 t There was not a sheep fence within Cliviger in the beginning of the present century. 
 
 J A statute is much wanted, empowering Magistrates to convict summarily, and in small penalties, in cases of 
 petty and wilful trcsjlass, especially upon pleasure grounds and plantations. An action of tre>|)ass brought against 
 offenders of this rank and description, would resemble a method which I once knew adopted to dissipate a cloud of 
 gnats on a summer's evening, viz. firing at them with iiartridge shot. 
 
 " Driviarii
 
 358 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap IH. 
 
 " Driviarii d'cti Duels et alioruin D'norum antecessorum ibm. temp, solebant omnimodas feras 
 " de lib. chaceis supiadictorum cliaceare et superare, &c." 
 
 Lastly, the manors of Towneley and Cliviger * have been recognized in all the family con- 
 veyances down to the year 1685 ; but, as no courts have been holden for time immemorial, as 
 the superior lords have long exercised an uncontested right over the commons, mines and 
 minerals, and the several freeholders over the latter within their own estates ; and, moreover, as 
 a modern park affords an easier supply of game and venison than an ancient free chace, this sha- 
 dow of feudal superiority is now passed away and forgotten. 
 
 The great inquisition for the township of Cliviger is as follows : — 
 
 Inquisitio capta an. 4to. Edw. II. post mortem Hen. de Lacy, Com. Line. &c. 
 
 In Cliviger are fourscore acres of land demised to divers tenants at will, which pay for the 
 same yearly at the feast of St. Gyles s£.l. Gs. 8d. the price of an acre being 4d. and there is 
 one water mill, which is worth by the year^.l. besides all reprizes at the feast of St. Michael, 
 and there are certain freeholders which have holden of the said earl divers tenements, for certain 
 rents, to be paid every year at the said feast of St. Gyles, that is to say, 
 
 -|- Gilbert of the Legh, 140 acres - — — 
 
 William, of Middlemore, for 60 acres |' — — 
 
 Henry, son of Hobkine, for 1$-^ acres — — 
 
 Adam, son of Robert, for 6 acres — — ■ 
 
 Richard, of Colekuoll, for 6 acres — — 
 
 Jordan, of Licktenes, for 1^ acre -— — 
 
 Dicke, of the Birches, for 10 acres — — 
 
 Adam, of Grymeshagh, for 12 acres — — 
 
 Robert, of Grymeshagh, for 10 acres ■ — — 
 John, son of Matthew, for 20 acres, and one pair of 
 
 gloves of id. price — — — — 
 
 ^ Adam, of the Legh, for 60 acres — — 
 
 William, of Dyneley, for 16 acres — — 
 
 Henry, of Cowhope, for 10 acres — 
 
 * Thus, per inc). post mort. John Towneley, 1399, it was found that he held the manor of Cliviger in socage for 
 the render of jg.4. 12s. Sirf. 
 
 t Tiie demesne of Townley within Cliviger. The boimdaries of Cliviger, where this demesne, now within Tovvnley 
 Park, abuts upon Habergharaeaves, are thus described in an award of the 31st Hen. VI. — "Whereas variances, 
 " &c. han byn movid between Richard of Tovvnley, of Townley, and Harre of Townley, of Dutton, James of Walton, 
 " and John of Halstede, deme theis the meres betwene ye seid Townes, yt ys to wite begyning at ye Rawe, at ye nord 
 " ende of ye Floyt's Rawe to ye next Clough N. E. following up ye same tlough to ye Stakes that goes to ye rote 
 " Wall Trt'e yt lies in the Rawe, these meres thus lad to be meres for evmore." These wiseacres havuig appointed 
 a few stakes and a " root wait" tree to be bountlaries for evermore, they are, as might be expected, not very certain 
 at present. 
 
 J The demesne of Holme. 
 
 § Lands, in Cliviger dean, granted to Michael de la Legh, 30th Edw. I. I suppose this Adam to have been his son. 
 — Townl INISS. And this confirms my hypotliesis that Michael was a collateral, though he had another son Gilbert. 
 
 Margery 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 1§ 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] 
 
 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 
 
 S59 
 
 
 
 G 
 
 
 6 
 U 
 
 
 
 
 Margery, of Wulpitgreeve, for G acres, — — o 
 
 William, son of Robert, for 6 acres — — o 
 
 Pole, of Lomeclough, for 13 acres — — 
 
 John, of Hargreaves, for 20 acres — — 
 
 Stephen, of the Grange, for 1 8 acres — — 
 
 Dick, of the Gate, for iG acres — — 04 
 
 John of Ghate, (sic) for G acres — — 
 
 Mokok, of tiie Lome, for 10 acres — — 
 
 John, son of Gilbert, for 10 acres — — 
 
 William Topping, for 6 acres — — — 
 
 Mokok, of Mereclough, for 6 acres — — 
 
 Tille, of Ormeroyd, for 20 acres -\ 
 
 Adam, of Ormeroyd, for 8 acres > — — 1 
 
 and a lb. of pepper of l,y. price* J 
 Jeffrey, son of John, for 1 mess, and 2 acres of land 
 John, of the Legh, for 20 acres — — 
 
 Dick, son of Mokok, of Brerecroft, for 20 acres, and 
 
 one pair of gloves, of id. price* — — 
 
 Adam the Wright, for iG acres, and 1 pair of spurs 
 
 of 1 ob. price — — — — 
 
 Henry, of Healey, for 8 acres — — — 
 
 Adam, of the Bridge, for 20 acres — — 
 
 Robert, of Holme, for 8 acres — — — 7 
 
 The giste of cattle on the common pasture of Clivigcr, 
 
 usually worth 1*. yearly -|~ 
 
 1 li 
 4 7 
 
 G 
 
 3 8 
 1 5 
 1 
 
 7i 
 
 Acres G02 — of 8 yards to the perch, 
 which is the customary measure of Clivigcr, or I273 statute acres. 
 
 In the reign of Edvv. H. therefore, this tract afforded a decent and independent subsistence 
 to 34 freeholders, with their families, occupied, as may fairly be presumed, in breeding sheep 
 and cattle ; for which, their yet undiminished commons afforded them ample scope. Tlie rank 
 of tenantry, occupying only 80 acres, was very small. The lord, therefore, the freeholder, and the 
 cottager, nearly constituted the scale of society among us. 
 
 * So dear were the productions of the East before the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope, that, according to 
 this ratio, a pound of pepper, now worth perhaps 2s. 6d. was equivalent to 12 pair of gloves, or about 18s. Gloves 
 being manufactured from a native commodity, and being then sold at Irf. per pair, it appears that the \alue of money 
 was from IS to 20 times its present value; so that from these 602 acres, the lords deri\ed a revenue equal at 
 present to 200/. per annum, or in the low state of cultivation at that time, a fourth part of their extended value. 
 The gradual depreciation of money has reduced antient feodal pa)-ments almost to nothing: but the modern 
 burdens of land tax, poor's rates, &c. have left the land owner, on the whole, no reason to applaud his own times 
 and circumstances. 
 
 t There is probably some mistake in this trifling sum. Tlie town field of CIi\iger lay between I^iwhousc Clough 
 and Redlees. It was certainly enclosed early in the time of Charles the Fiist. How nmeli sooner 1 have never learned- 
 From the allotment of Holme I conjecture the whole to have consisted of about 40 Clivigcr acres. 
 
 And,
 
 3G0 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 And, if we add one cottage to every tenement, which is somewhat lower than the present 
 ratio, on account of many late unauthorized erections on the wastes, it will give 68 houses, 
 and, at the rate of 4^^ persons to a family, 306 inhabitants, A lower proportion cannot with 
 any probability be assigned ; for, if the smallest proprietors required the assistance of no hus- 
 bandman or sliepherd, the middle class would uniformly require one, and the higher more. 
 
 To these proprietors may farther be assigned a stock of at least 500 cattle young and old, 
 and of 3000 sheep; their husbandry was wrought by oxen, they had no cart roads, and there- 
 fore little occasion for that wasteful animal the horse. Their bread corn, (oats alone) was raised 
 by themselves ; the superfluity of their stock, which must have left a very large balance in their 
 favour, was annually disposed of at the head of the Calder, on a spot yet remembered by the 
 name of the Fair Hill ; and their condition, on the whole, seems to have been that of a wealthy 
 and contented race of yeomanry, neither oppressing nor oppressed. 
 
 To the preceding account of population and property, within this township, in the beginning 
 of the 14th century, we will now oppose that of the commencement of the 19th. 
 
 The quantity of cultivated ground is more than trebled * by successive enclosures, the num- 
 ber of tenements encreased to Si, the proprietors, excluding some trifling copyholders, reduced 
 to seven, and, of these, four only are either occasionally or statedly resident upon their own 
 estates ; the whole number of inhabited houses is 197; the present state of population, there- 
 fore, at the same rate with the former, is 886 and a fraction: And, by a schedule taken ac- 
 cording to Act of Parliament, A. D. 1 798, it appeared, that there were in the township of 
 Cliviger 276 milch cows, 267 young cattle, 2294 sheep, 6 horses for carriages or riding, 73 ditto 
 for draft, 37 -j- carts, besides a considerable number of wretched starveling horses, kept upon 
 the commons for the purpose of carrying coals and lime. 
 
 These numbers, so far as they regard sheep and cattle, are, however, considerably short of 
 the truth, the jealousy of farmers seldom allowing them to make a full and fair disclosure of 
 their effects. 
 
 Of the state of husbandry little can be said; — in fact, the climate, one of the dampest and 
 most foggy in the kingdom, is unfavourable to agricultural experiments : in a few chosen spots 
 wheat will ripen, but only in favourable years ; barley succeeds rather better, but neither are 
 generally worth the trouble and expence of cultivation ; turnips, could the prejudices of the 
 farmer be overcome, and the depredations of pilferers prevented, might be usefully employed 
 in augmentation of winter fodder ; and the modern practice of Scotland has demonstrated their 
 efficacy in the improvement of barren lands. Fallows, however, are held in detestation, partly 
 on account of the first expence, but principally for the very reason which ought to recommend 
 them, namely, that they destroy the roots of the native vegetables. 
 
 * By a survey made A. D. lecj, it appears that the enclosed grounds within Cliviger amounted to 952 acres : in 
 the year 1734, they were encreased by eiiclosuies, to 1324, partly including and partly excluding 300 acres decreed 
 tn be enclosed A.D. If! IS ; and, in 1705, a giant was made to the several freeholders, of 300 acres more, all of eight 
 yaids to the perch ; the remainder was granted out for enclosure in 1S09 : — the whole extent of Cliviger, including the 
 commons, is 3328a. 1 r. 12 p. at eight yards, or 7041 a. 2r. 39p. statute measure. 
 
 t In the year 1720, only two carts were kept in the townshij), so that in an interval of 80 years, here is an addi- 
 tion of al)out do hoises, which devour the fodder of VO milch cows, or nearly a cow to every cottage. 
 
 '.I'he
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WIIALLEY, 
 
 3f.l 
 
 The hardy black oat alone, which, when once committed to the earth, defies alike a bad 
 climate and had management, is in universal esteem ; and here is no succession of crops, no 
 laying down with grasses,— the fields, after being ploughed, or, on steep grounds being dug up, 
 for oats, two or three years together, are left to swarth again of their own accord ; and, before 
 this operation is lialf completed, the same slovenly and unseasonable process returns. Lime 
 is the general manure ; an excellent tillage indeed upon fallows, on pasture grounds, csj)ecially 
 after draining, and in meadows, when mingled with dung ; but which, as it has no jiabulum of 
 its own, when spread before the plough, only enables the farmer to exhaust his land more com- 
 pletely than he could have done without such a stimulus. 
 
 In * the days of our grandfathers, who occupied much of their own lands, here was an 
 honest and useful emulation in the breed of cattle;— that spirit, another bad effect of the 
 increase of tenantry, is now extinct, and the breed is declined both in bulk and beauty accord- 
 ingly : But the farms are of a convenient size for the production of milk and butter; and, 
 happily for the cottagers, too small in general for the making of cheese; — I say lia])pily, for a 
 very defective supply of milk, which is all that they can generally procure, is infinitely prefer- 
 able, as food for children, to a superfluity of whey, however prepared. It is for this reason 
 especially, that humanity deprecates the consolidation of farms, to which a wealthy and selfish 
 tenant often holds out but too powerful temptations. 
 
 From the comforts of women and children in the lowest class nothing ought to be sub- 
 tracted ; and, vvliile those licensed nuisances, the public-houses, are permitted to swallow up 
 so large a proportion of the earnings of the men, it is difficult to add to them. When tln-ee- 
 fourths of the labourers' wages are thus intercepted, which is not unfrequently tlie case, extreme 
 misery must be the consequence to his family, — a misery aggravated by the impossibility of 
 relieving it without encouraging vice. 
 
 Of these houses we have only four, and those not less, nay probably more orderly than 
 their neighbours : yet, it is a fact, capable of demonstration, that, in the riotous and unthink- 
 ing plenty, which immediately preceded the calamities of the present war, a sum equivalent 
 to the whole rental of the township was annually consumed in them. For, in fact, so strong 
 are the remaining tendencies of our Saxon origin, that, as in the higher ranks every thing has 
 been said to terminate in a dinner, — in the lower, every thing ends at an alehouse. 
 
 In joy and sorrow, for business or dissipation, the riot of a marriage-feast, the maudlin 
 solemnity of a funeral, the senseless noise of a parish meeting, and the never-ending jollity of 
 a wake, omnes eodem cog'ifur, — all fly to the place which atfbrds at once accommodation and 
 freedom, oblivion of care, or a vent for mirth, which removes at a distance the control of 
 domestic authority, or the voice of conjugal reproach. 
 
 What a benefactor would he be to societv, who could devise some amusement for the poor 
 at home ; but this is impossible, while their animal propensities are so strong, and their reasoning 
 faculties so weak ! 
 
 The circuit of Cliviger is nearly 20 miles, — of which that part of the outline which extends 
 
 * The breed of liorned cattle has long been one of the boasts of our county — " Rogionis bonitatrn» ctiain, si 
 placet, ex armcntis dijudices. In bobus enira qui sunt proceris cornibus ci coniposito corpore, nihil quod .Mago Car- 
 thaginiensis apud ColumcUain requirit, facile desideres."— Camden in Lane. 
 
 3 A from
 
 362 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 from Ilameliloii Hill to Shcmiford*, coincides with the boundary of the parish, and is strongly 
 marked by natural features; thence, along the summit of the hill, bv I'ikelaw or Thieveley 
 Pike, are the vestiges of the Old Dyke, of which tradition records, that it once formed the 
 limit between Chviger and Rossendale, though the former has now acquired a prescriptive 
 right to a large tract of common on the south and west of it; and in this tract is Deiplay, 
 qu. Deervvplay, the Uplay of the Deer, strongly implving its ancient relation to the forest. 
 From Thieveley Pike, where are tiie remains of an antient beacon, is a very noble and diver- 
 sified prospect, comprehending, to tlie north, almost the whole expanse of Craven, with the 
 rocks of Settle, Malham, and Gordale, both Whcrnesides, Ingleborough, Penygent, Cam, and 
 Graygreth Fell, north of Kirkby Lonsdale; to the west and north-west Bowland, with its 
 range of Fells from Cross of Greet to Parlike, Longridge, part of the Filde, with the Western 
 Sea ; and, in a sunny evening, when the tide is in, a noble expanse of the aestuary of Ribble 
 like a sheet of gold. More to the South the prospect is circumscribed by Cridden and other 
 high grounds betwixt us and the great plain of Lancashire ; but these are seen occasionally, 
 though rarely, surmounted by three conical summits of the Carnarvonshire hills, one of which, 
 from its form and elevation, I suspect to be Carnedd Llewellyn. Directly southward, a single 
 opening exhibits the town of Manchester, enveloped in eternal smoke, with the high grounds 
 near Dishley, and the Park of Lyme in Cheshire; while beyond, and south eastward, farther 
 prospect is barred by the long and lofty ridges of the Peakish hills-{~. The northern and southern 
 extremities of this great map are at least 120 miles distant from each other. 
 
 The northern boundary of Cliviger, where it abuts ujron Worsthorn, is marked by a line 
 of grey and venerable stones, inscribed with crosses ; the different elevations along the once 
 trackless line of the Long Cawsway are distinguished in the same manner; and I have 
 observed, that whenever any of these pious memorials have been obliterated from accident or 
 with design, they are still restored by some devout and secret hand. This bleak and comfortless 
 road, which till the last 35 years continued to be one of the principal passes between the two 
 counties, was the line which the Lacies and Plantagenets were condemned to pursue in their pro- 
 gresses from Pontefract to Clitheroe, and the latter from thence to Lancaster. What trains of sump- 
 ter-horses must, upon these occasions, have been seen traversing these boggy wastes, impassable 
 at that time for carriages, and when the great lords, with many residences, had furniture only 
 for one;}:! Such a progress, which would scarcely be undertaken but in summer, must have 
 been the work of three days at least, over a line of about ninety miles, which we may imagine to 
 have been thus distributed : One easy stage would conduct them to their manor of Rothvvell 
 (whence many of their charters are dated), and here, for want of accommodations beyond, 
 they must have rested the first night. From Rothwell, another stage would conduct them to 
 their manor of Bradford ; thence probably over the moors to Luddenden ; thence to the eastern 
 extremity of the Long Cawsway, by the cross still called Duke's Cross, in Cliviger; and thence, 
 after a long descent, to their manor of Ightenhill. At the end of a short, but uneasy stage, 
 
 * Vide Perambulation of the parish, App. N" I. 
 
 f Many a ^^ inter's walk recals to memory Drayton's comparison, in his beautifiil poem of "Dowsabell," "As white 
 as snow on Peakish Hull." 
 
 J By this word is not meant the more massy parts of their furniture, which were absolutely immoveable logs, but 
 bedding, carpets, &c. This was the case much later. — See Northumberland Household Book. 
 
 on
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 363 
 
 on the third, the castle of Chtheroe would await them ; and tJience, after two weary stages 
 more by the Trough of Bowlaud, they would repose themselves at Lancaster, consoled at least 
 by the reflection that no other English subject could sustain an equal degree of fatigue in tra- 
 versing his own estates *. 
 
 Another memorial of our antient lords within Cliviger, is Earls Bowerf, a deep gully in the 
 rocks opjiosite to Holme, so called, probably, from some forgotten visit which might have been 
 paid to it in hunting by one of the earls of Lincoln or Lancaster. 
 
 Within this township, as distinct from the caracute of the grange, are Barcroft and Orme- 
 rod, the first of which, spelt at different periods, according to the uncertainty of antient ortho- 
 graphy, Brerecroft, Bercroft, and Barcroft, was, from the earliest times to which records ex- 
 tend, down to the middle of the last century, the property and residence of a family of the same 
 namCj whose descent, so far as I have been able to collect it, is as follows : 
 
 Barcroft, of Barcroft. 
 
 Gilbert de Berecroft J, bv deed s. d. 
 
 , 1 
 
 Richard de Berecrofl, g;i\e lands in Cliviger, cast of Calder, to Kirkstall abbey, s. d. 
 
 ' 1 
 
 Mocock de Brerecroft, vix. temp. Edvv. I. per inq. 
 
 I 
 Richaixi de Brerecroft. 
 
 I 
 
 RIatthew de Brerecroft, vix.. temp. Edw. III. — Townl. MSS. 
 
 1 
 
 William de Bercroft, 6th Rich. II.— lb. 
 
 r ' , 
 
 Thomas Bercroft. John, his brother, 37 Hen. VI. 
 
 I 
 
 § William Bercroft, 23 Hen. VII. 
 
 \Mlliam Bercroft, 21st Hen. VIII. 
 
 Robert Barcroft, '24th Hen. Vlll. 
 
 I 
 
 William Barcroft, ob. Feb. 1561.=pAgnes, dau. of . 
 
 _1_ 
 
 I 1 ^ 1 
 
 Robert Barcroft. He is said in thc^Eliz. dan. of Mr. Henry, settled at Foulridge, .Anne.^Henry Farrer, of 
 
 Lane, pedigree to have died circ 
 1614; but, by the register of 
 Burnlev, sep. Robert Barcroft de 
 Barcroft, .April 1G12. 
 
 See ne.xt page 
 
 John Roberts, and was, as I conjecture, Evvood, 1st or2d 
 
 of Foxstones, ancestor of the Barcrofts Pliil. & Mary. — 
 
 ob. Oct. 1605. of Noona. Watson's Hist. 
 
 of Halifax. 
 
 * Every part of this rout was not actually within their own estates : but, as the parish of Bradford comes in con- 
 tact with that ofWhalley, the estates of the Lacys actually extended, without interruption, from Poiitefract to the 
 Trough of Rowland ; and those of the Plantagcncts, after the marriage of Alice de Lacy with earl Thomas, from 
 thence to Lancaster. 
 
 See Fairfax's Memoirs, for an account of a singular custom at Bradford, which had its origin in the practice of 
 the earls and dukes of Lancaster passing through that town from Pontefract to their estates in I.ancasbire. 
 
 + 1 ought to have mentioned White Kirk, a perpendicular rock in the same range. Is it not possible that this may 
 have been so called from some resemblance in colour and form to the White Ciiurch or Kirk, as it would antiently be 
 called., under the Legh. I think it even probable. 
 
 + The ten first names in this descent are given from charters, and arranged, as far as possible, in chronological 
 order. The same observation will apply to the nine first names in the descent of Ormerod, none of which, any more tlian 
 the earlier Barcrofts, arc noticed in the Lancashire pedigrees. 
 
 ^ In one charter 19th Hen. VII. spelt Berkcroft.
 
 3G4 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 Issue of Robert and Elizabeth Barcioft. 
 
 I 
 
 William Barcroft,= 
 ob.Jan. 1020. 
 
 :Su?an, dan. of Mr. Nich. 
 Rishtoiij of Antley. 
 
 Thomas, vicar of Limberg, 
 Com. Line. 
 
 Eliz- 
 
 =Mv. Peter Ormerod, of 
 Ormerod, Feb. 15S7. 
 
 I 1 
 
 Robert, born William, 
 
 1595, ob. alunatic. 
 
 May 1647. ob. 1641. 
 
 1st, Marv, ilau. and co-hciress of=pThomas Bar-^iJd, Ruth, dau. 
 
 Mr. Nicholas Scarborough, 
 of Gluktsburn, widow of Mr. 
 John Parker, of Ext\\i!.tle, 
 Nov. oo, 10.37. She died 
 Aus:. 163S. 
 
 croft, ob. 
 
 Sept. less. 
 
 of J. Fourness 
 of Toot ill 
 End, near 
 
 Soworbv, ob. 
 July 1696. 
 
 Eliz.=lst, Mr. Bell- 
 field of Clegs- 
 wood. 2nd, 
 Mr. J. Halli- 
 well of Pike- 
 house, both 
 neai- Rochdale. 
 
 Susan, =:Mr. Peter 
 
 bapt. Oinierod, 
 
 Aug. 16, of Ornie- 
 
 1638. rod, Nov. 
 
 24, 1657. 
 
 I 
 
 William, 
 ob. inf. 
 1642. 
 
 Eliz.=pHenry Bradshaw, 
 of Bradshaw and 
 Marple, co. Cest. 
 Esq. ob. 1698. 
 
 Sarah ,=Nicholas Ruth,: 
 
 bapt. Townley, bapt. 
 
 Aug. of Rovle, Sept. 
 
 2f), Esq. 28, 
 
 1049. 1651. 
 
 :Peter Leigh, 
 of Norbury 
 Booths, CO. 
 Cest. Esq. 
 
 Anne,=John 
 bapt. Brock- 
 
 Nov. 
 165.S. 
 
 holes of 
 Claigh- 
 ton,esq. 
 
 Henry Bradshaw, 
 Esq. of Gray's 
 Inn, ob. s. p. 
 
 Thomas Brad- 
 shaw, Esq. 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 John, 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 1st, William: 
 
 Pimlof, 
 
 Gent. 
 
 :Mary Brad- 
 shaw. 
 
 =2d, Nathaniel 
 Isherwood. 
 
 Pete)- Leigh, 
 Esq. 
 
 John Pimlot, Esq. possessed of the estate, 
 ob. s p. ni. l/Ol. 
 
 Nathaniel Isherwood, 
 ob.s. p. 17'>5. 
 
 1 homas Ishervvood,=p:Mary, dau. 
 I of 
 
 . I 
 
 Thomas Bradshaw Isherwood, born 176S, whose executors, in 1795, sold the house and demesne 
 
 of Barcroft, to Charles Townley, Esq. 
 
 The house and demesne of Barcroft descended through the Bi-adshaws, and, from them, to 
 the Pimlots and Isherwoods, and in the year 1 795 were purclia.sed by Charles Townley, esq. ; 
 and the portion of the youngest, consisting of divers tenements in Cliviger, was sold in 1/37, 
 a little before the marriage of Miss Catherine Brockholes with Charles Howard, of Greystock, 
 Esq. afterwards Duke of Norfolk, to Thomas Whitaker, of Holme, gent. 
 
 The house is a large, well-built, respectable mansion : over the hall door is the date I614 ; 
 but the kitchen end, both from the masonry and wood-work, appears to be older by a century. 
 The situation is warm and low ; and the view to the north-west over the woods and grounds 
 of Townley, with the gentle swell of Ightenhill Park, terminated by the majestic back-ground 
 ofPendle, is extremely pleasing. 
 
 Ormerod. 
 
 An house and family of equal antiquity with the former. Orme is a common Saxon name ; 
 and the second syllable, Royd, has been already explained in p. 168. 
 
 The present house of Ormerod appears to have been re-built in the life-time of Laurence 
 Ormerod and Elizabeth Barcroft, whose names it bears, with the date l')95- It stands to some 
 disadvantage, with a rising ground in front, and a declivity behind ; but this last is filled with a 
 back-ground of aged sycamores and elms, peopled by a numerous colony of rooks. The house 
 was fronted anew, and modernized by the grandfather of the late possessor, who left it an 
 extremely neat and comfortable residence. 
 
 In this township is still preserved an instrument of ancient and approved efficacy in 
 suppressing the licence of female tongues, namely, a Brank (qu. aTeut. Braugen, ostentare, as 
 the culprit was led about in this disgraceful state of penal silence.) There is an engraving of 
 such an one in Plot's History of Stafibrdshire, and another in Brand's History of Newcastle. 
 
 Additions
 
 Arms. Or, three 
 
 I , 
 
 . John Ormerod, 
 
 at Burnley, Apri 
 
 died an infant. 
 
 2. John Orme- 
 rod, baptized 
 at Burnley, 
 Septcmb. "23, 
 1593. 
 
 [To face p. .301. 
 
 Tect, Argent. — Allowed in the Visitation of Somersetshire, 1623, by Henry St. George and 
 d, knt. Garter, and Ralph Bigland, esq. Norroy. 
 
 ds in Cli%iger at tlie time 
 r aforesaid. 
 
 Mokok de Ormeroyde. 
 
 as by Inquisition aforesaid, 17 Hen. VIII. 
 
 aster, 2d son. Will dated=p daughter of Wliitaker, 
 
 ter, May 1, 1608. | of 
 
 hter of Robert Barcroft, ofBarcrofi, 
 ancaster, gent, married at Burnley, 
 
 Oliver Ormerod, of Hasliugden,=pSibyna, daughter of 
 only son and heir. I " 
 
 Hargrave. 
 
 d, of= dau. 
 
 n, of 
 
 .nd Pollard. 
 
 Oliver Ormerod, M. A. of Emanuel College,=pJohanna, dau. of 
 
 „ ... ..... 1 . .1 i „f T»:„ T-J.',l ->c 
 
 Cambridge ; instituted to the rectory of 
 Hunt.spili, CO. Son^erset, March 31, 1617- 
 Author of the Picture of a Puritan, 1605, 
 and the Picture of a Papist, 1 606. Will 
 dated Jan. 17, 1625, jnoved at the Prero- 
 gative Office, London, June 28, 1626. 
 
 Ric. Hinkson, of 
 Goham, co.Cant. 
 Will dated Oct. 
 20, 1638, proved 
 at Prerog. Office, 
 Feb. 8, following. 
 
 Robert 
 Ormeiod, 
 of Bridge- 
 water, liv- 
 ing 163S. 
 
 1 . Lawrence Orm< 
 of Ormerod, i 
 eldest son and 
 buried at Bui 
 April 3, 1674. 
 
 1 — I 
 
 Two sons, 
 
 died in- 
 fants. 
 
 Mary Ormerod, wife of Robert 
 Townlcy, gent, whose eldc-t 
 son, Niclholas Townley, of 
 Royle, «as aged 30 years, 
 anno 1664. Had issue. 
 
 I 
 
 Richard Or- 
 merod, only 
 son and heir 
 set. 4, anno 
 1623. 
 
 Elizabeth, eld- 
 est daughter, 
 wife of Henry 
 Howe. Had 
 issue. 
 
 jane and Eliza- 
 beth Ormerod, 
 under age 
 1638. 
 
 "1 
 
 T 
 
 I , / 
 
 Peter Ormerod, ol^ 
 
 rod, gent, onlyi^ 
 
 heir, married a! 
 
 ley, Nov, 24, I 
 
 , Ormerod, 
 
 wife of George 
 
 Allred, of Ec- 
 
 cles, living 
 
 1694. 
 
 Elizabeth Ormerod, 
 living unmarried, 
 July 29, 1694. 
 
 George Ormerod, buried 
 at Burnley, June 4, 
 1666, died an infant. 
 
 John Ormerod, buried 
 at Burnley, April 6, 
 1667, died an infant. 
 
 rod. 
 
 Susannah, wife of |-Q(^^ Ijap. 
 
 Hart!ey,i3u,.y 
 
 living 1709. ,ierod. 
 
 Ormerod, 
 and had 
 
 born George Ormerod, of Bury, gent. only=pAnne, daughter 'jf J"'"» 
 
 son and heir, born IVlarch 4, and 
 baptized at Bury, March 6, 1718-19, 
 died June 29, 17!^9, buried at St. 
 John's, in Bury. Will dated Feb. 27, 
 1789, proved at Chester, July 23, 
 same year. 
 
 Hutchinson, of BurV; 
 merchant, boin 1719, 
 married at Bury Dec. 
 28,1743, died Dec. 23, 
 1788, buried at St. 
 John's, in Bury. 
 
 Anne Ormerod, 
 baptized at 
 15uiy, April 
 17, 17J6, ob. 
 
 s. p. 
 
 ay 19, following ; died 
 buried at the Collegiate 
 
 Mary Orme- 
 rod, un- 
 liiarricd. 
 
 -- T 
 
 Ai 
 
 Iv child, born April 20,=pElizabeth, eldest surviving daughter of Thomas Johnson, f Tyldesley, 
 ijr <.iii..i, uv^ " r ,. , , ,_ u.. !;..„.,.,„„ . ...Krlitur nnrl finallv sole hcness ot 
 
 L 
 
 Tille 
 Orme- 
 rod, 
 o.s.p.ni. 
 
 Henry Orme- 
 rod, M. D. of 
 Rochdale, co. 
 Lane. ob. s. p. 
 
 CO Lancaster, esq. by Susanna, daughter and hnally sole heuess of 
 Samuel Wareing, of Walmeisley, esq. born Oct. 22, 1752, married 
 at the Collegiate Church of Manchester, Oct. 18, 1784. 
 
 :Sarah, eldest dau. of John I.*atham, 
 of Bradwall Hall, co. Cest. and Har- 
 ley Street, London, M.D. president 
 of the Koval College of Physicians, 
 by Marv, eldest daughter and coheir 
 of the Rev. Peter Mere, B. A. vicar 
 of Prcstbury, co.Cest. born Dec. 26, 
 1784, married at Sandbach, Aug. 
 2, 1808, living 1S16. 
 
 George Ormerod, of Chorlton,: 
 in the countv of Che.stcr, esq. 
 F.S.A. born Oct. 20, 1785, 
 baptized at St. Mary's, Man- 
 clle^ter. A gentleman com- 
 moner of Bnisenose College, 
 Oxford, created M.A.Feb. 5, 
 1807, living 1816. 
 
 rgc Wareing Oraicrod, 
 orn at Astley, co. Lan- 
 astcr, Oct. 12, 1810. 
 
 John Ardcrue Ormerod, 
 born at Chorlton, co. 
 Cest. June 8, 1813. 
 
 Susan Mary Ormerod, 
 born at Chorlton, 
 Aug. 7, 1814. 
 
 Henry Mere Ormerod, 
 born in London, 
 Jan. lO, 1616.
 
 w 
 
 PEDIGREE OF ORMEROD. 
 
 [To face p. 364. 
 
 tiar -s Gules in chief a Hon passant of llic second. Crest : On a wreath, a wolfs head coupcd at the neck, barrj- of four pieces. Or and Gules, in the mouth an ostrich feather erect. Argent- — Allowed in the Visitation of Somersetslure, 1633, by Henry St. George and 
 ' Sampson Leonard, the deputies of William Camden, Clarencieux : and again allowed in 1814, together with a confirmation of the Crest, by Sir Isaac Heaid, knt. Garter, and Ralph Bigland, esfi- Nonoy. 
 
 Matthew de Hormcrodes, s,d.^ , 
 
 Till!i de Ornieroyde, held lands in Cliviger, in socage, from Henry de Laci, earl of Lincoln, 1311, 4 Edw. 1I.= 
 as appears by Inquisition after the death of the said earl 
 
 Adam de Ormeroyde, held lands in Cliviger at the time 
 and in the manner aforesaid. , 
 
 Mokok dc Ormeroyde. 
 
 Gilbert de Ormerode, 9 Edw. II. 131C.= 
 John Ormcrod, uf Onneroil, =. d.~=. . 
 
 John Oimerotl, of Ormerod, : 
 
 IT 
 
 Laurence Ormcrod, ofOinicrod, 17 Hen. VI. 1438.^, 
 
 AdamOrmerod, ofOrmerod, 20 Edw. IV. 1480.=^ 
 
 „^ —J 
 
 Piei-3 Ormerod; of Ormerod.^pEUzabelh, daughter of 
 
 Jolm Ormerod, ofOrmerod, gent, held lands in Cliviger frum ihe king in capite. obiitMay4, 1.526, Ing. p. m. 17 Hen. VUl.=p Ellen, daughtei" of as by Inquisition aforesaid. 17 Hen. VIlL 
 
 Peter OnuiMoiI, ofOrmerod, gent, son and heir, i 
 
 : years at his faTher's death.^. . 
 
 Peter Ormcrod, ofOrmerod. gent, son and heir,^Mary, daughter of Simnu Haydock, of Heysandforth, gent, 
 buried July 4, 1578. at Burnley. buried Apii! S. 1573, at Biunley. 
 
 ' I I ' 1 — 
 
 John Ormerod, of Kaslingden, co. Lancaster, 2d son. Will dated^p daughter of Wliiiaker, 
 
 March 2, 1608, proved at Chester, May 1, 1608. of 
 
 ^ ■ ■ ■ I 
 
 «. John Ormerod, baptized 
 ' at Burnley. April 8, 1565, 
 (lied ail infant. 
 
 Mary Ormerod, ba[itizcd 
 at Burnley, Jan. 2G, 
 15G7. 
 
 . John Ormerod, baptized 
 at Burnley, March 27, 
 1568. 
 
 4. Peter Ormerod, bap- 
 tized at Burnley, Dec. 
 13, 1569. 
 
 . William Ormerod, bap- 
 tized at Burnley, July 
 13, 1571- 
 
 n 
 
 1. Lawrence Ormerofl, of Ormerod,=pElizabeth, daughter of Robert Barcrofi, ofBarcrofi, 
 in CO. pal. Lancaster, gent, married at Burnley, 
 Feb. 20, 1587. 
 
 Ohver Ormerod, of HasUogdeu,^^ibylli, daughter of 
 
 eldest son and heir, bai»lized at I 
 Burnltv, March 30, 1564. 
 
 onlv son and heir. 
 
 S. John Orme- 
 rod, baptized 
 at Burnley, 
 Septemh. 1'i, 
 1593. 
 
 Anne Orme- 
 rod, bapt. 
 at Burnley, 
 
 Jan. 17. 
 1590, died 
 an in&Dt. 
 
 Aniie Oime- 
 rod, bapt. 
 at Burn- 
 ley, Janu- 
 ary 28, 
 1598. 
 
 Petn- Ormerod, of Ormerod,=pJohamia, daughterof George Alice, daiifjhter=3. Lawrence =pFrances, daughter of Joseph Radcliff.-, of 
 
 eldest son and heir, bap- 
 tized at Burnley, Nov. 15, 
 1588, and there buried, 
 Oct. 16, 1653. 
 
 Howarth, of Monton 
 the parish of Eccles, mar- 
 ried at Ecele-s, Jan. 30, 
 1609. and buried at Burn- 
 ley, Junes, 1621. 
 
 t)f William Ormerod, bap- 
 Sagar, ofCut- tized at Burn- 
 low, 1st wife, ley, March 7, 
 1601. 
 
 Rochdale, grandson of Charles Rad- 
 cliffe, of Todmerden, esq. and brother 
 of Samuel Radcliffe, D D. principal of 
 Crascnose College, Oxford, 2nd wife. 
 
 John OrniL-rod, of=::. 
 
 Haslingden, 
 
 eldest son and 
 
 heir, living 
 
 1623. 
 
 dau. 
 
 of 
 
 Pollard. 
 
 Hargra^e. 
 
 Oliver Ormerod, M. A. of Emanuel Collegc.=pJoliauna, dau. of 
 
 Cambridge; instituted to (lie rtctoiy of 
 Huntrpill, CO. Somerset, March 31, IfilT. 
 Author of the Picture of a Puritan, KiOS. 
 and the Picture of a Papist. 1606. Will 
 dated Jan. 17, 1625, proved at Ihe Prero- 
 gatiie Office, London, June 28, 1626. 
 
 Hie, Hinkson, of 
 Cioham.co.Cant. 
 Will dated Oct. 
 20, 1638, proved 
 at Prerog. Olhce, 
 Feb. H, following. 
 
 1 
 
 Hobert 
 Ormerod, 
 of ilridi^e- 
 watcr, liv- 
 ing 16J8. 
 
 ,. U^vrenceOrmerod.^Maigarer. dau. Elizabeth Orme- 
 of Ormerod, gent, 
 eldest son and heir, 
 buricil at Burnley, 
 April 3, lfi74. 
 
 of . . . Lomax. 
 
 ofEccIe-s, CO 
 Lancaster, 
 died JG76. 
 
 od, bapt. at 
 Burnley, Aug. 
 14, 1614. 
 
 2. John Ormerod, bapt. 
 Nov. 10, 1615, and 
 buried Feb. 17, 1642, 
 at Burnley, ob. s p. 
 
 -V 
 
 4. George Ormerod, of Monton afore-: 
 said, baptized at Burnley Nov. 3, 
 1620, buried at Eccles Nov. 5, 1696. 
 Will dated July 29, 1694, proved at 
 Chester, Nov. 1696. 
 
 i.-inne, dau, of 
 . . . , Filling, 
 raar.ai Burn- 
 ley, Nov. 3, 
 1669. 
 
 1 
 
 Alice Orme- 
 rod, bapt. 
 at Burn- 
 ley, Nov. 
 17, 1616. 
 
 Anne Orme- 
 
 roil.bapt.at 
 
 Buridey, 
 
 Aug. 5, 
 
 1619. 
 
 3. Peter Ormerod,=p Two sons, 
 
 bapt, at Burnlev, died in- 
 
 June 3, 1618, 
 
 died without 
 survivmg issue. 
 
 Mary Ormerod, wife of Robert 
 Townlcy, gent, wboiie eldest 
 sun, Nicholas Townley, of 
 Royle, uas aged 30 ytars, 
 anno 1664. Had issue. 
 
 Richard Or- 
 merod, only 
 sun and heir 
 St. 4, anno 
 1623. 
 
 Elizabeth, eld- 
 est daughter, 
 wife of Henry 
 Howe. Had 
 issue. 
 
 Jane and Eliza- 
 beth Ormerod, 
 underage 
 1638. 
 
 Peter Ormerod, of Orme-; 
 rod, gent, only son and 
 heir, married at Burn- 
 ley, Nov. 24, 1657. 
 
 ;Susan, daughter and coheir of Thomas 
 Bareroft, of Barcrolt, gent. co. Lan- 
 caster, buried at Buridey, Jan. 1710. 
 Will dattd Dec. 14, 1709, proved at 
 Chester Oct 23. 1711- 
 
 1. Lawrence Ormerod, eldest 
 son, died s. p, in life-time 
 of his father, baptized at 
 Eccles, Sept. 29, 1670. 
 
 Dorothv, daughter of=2. Oliver Ormerod. of Bury, cldest^AIice, daughter 
 
 ,'diedM~arch28, surviving son and heir, baptized 
 
 and buried April 1. at Eccles. Oct. 17, 1672, died 
 
 1748, at Bury, s. p. March 31, and buried AprU 2, 
 
 2nd wife. 1768, at Bury. 
 
 of 
 Howarth, 
 .of Bur)', mar- 
 ried at Bury, 
 Feb, 19, 1704, 
 
 _ 1 
 
 3. Peter Ormerod, 
 youngest son, 
 living July 29, 
 1694. 
 
 . . . , , Ormerod, 
 wife of George 
 Allred, of Ec- 
 cles, living 
 1694. 
 
 Elizabeth Ormerod. 
 living unmarried, 
 July 29, 1694. 
 
 George Ormcrod. buri'.;d 
 at Burnley, June 4, 
 1666, died an infant. 
 
 John Ormcmd, buried 
 at Burnley, April 6, 
 1667, died an infant. 
 
 Susannah, nife of 
 
 Hartley, 
 
 living 1709. 
 
 Anne, wife of 
 . . .Jackson, 
 living 1709. 
 
 4 . Piers Orme- 3. Peter Ormerod, married Mary, daugh- 
 
 rod, living ter of by whom he had iasue, 
 
 1709. Susanna, living 1709- 
 
 2 Laurence Ormerod. of Orme-^pMargaret, daughter John Ormero.l, eldest son and 
 
 rod, gent, drowned near Bar- of living heir, killed by a cait. 1671, 
 
 rowford. 1717. I 1709. ob, s. p. 
 
 Alice Ormcrod, born George Ormcrod, of Buiy, geat. only: 
 
 Laurence Ormerod. ofOrmerod,: 
 gent, son and heir, biuicil at 
 BunUey, 1758. 
 
 ^Margaret, daughter of 
 I ... Ormcrod, of Fun- 
 stead in Rossendale. 
 
 Susanna Ormerod, 
 living 1709. 
 
 Dec. 12, 1708, bap- 
 tized at Bury. 
 
 Rachel Ormerod. 
 
 Elizabeth Ormerod, 
 married, and had 
 issue. 
 
 son and heir, born March 4, and 
 baptized at Bury. March 6, 1718-19, 
 died June 29, 17«9. buried at St, 
 John's, in Bury. Will dated Feb. 27. 
 1789, proved at Chester, July 23, 
 same year. 
 
 Anne CVmerod, 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of 
 James Folds, of 
 Trawden. 
 
 Peter Ormerod. ofOrmerod, e^.j =pMargarct, daughter and coheiress of Thomas Stan- 
 
 only son and heir, died Febru- 
 ary^ I'l ' 
 
 of Burnley, 
 June 16, 1753. 
 
 gent. 
 
 married at Burnley, 
 
 George Ormerod, of Bury, esq. only chil.l, born Aprd 20,= 
 1757, and baptized at Burv, May 19, following; died 
 before his father, Oct. 7, 1785, buried at the CuUtgiate 
 
 Church of Manchester. 
 
 :Elizabetli, eldest surv 
 CO. Lancaster, 
 Sauiuel Wareing, 
 
 Anne, (laughter of John Anne Ormerod, 
 
 Hutchinson, of Buiy, baptized at 
 
 merchant, born 1719, flm>' ^l"'^ 
 
 married at Bury Dec, 17, 1/16, ob. 
 
 28, 1743. died Dec. 23, s- p- 
 I7.H8, buried at Si, 
 John's, in Bury. 
 
 urviving daughter of Thomas Johnson, of Tjlde^-Iey, 
 ■sq by Susanna, daughter and iinally sole hiiress of 
 ^ of Walmersley, esq. born Oct, 22, 1752, married 
 
 ~r- 
 
 U^Orm. A„„e, wir. of Wi.Ha. Mo.e,, 1^^. wi^oTI^^r^r^ of 0^.0^ 
 
 rod, un- 
 uiiirried. 
 
 esq. of Windsor, co. Berks, 
 died Dec. 5, 1815. buried in St. 
 George's Chapel at Windsor. 
 
 . . Tunnadine, 
 of Manchester, 
 attorney' at law. 
 
 lege' Oxford, died in 1793, aged 39 years, and 
 was buried at Holme, s. p. m. 
 
 toi- of Davenham, by Charlotte-Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Sir Holland EgertOD, of Heaton, hart. Imng 1816. 
 
 John Ormerod. of 
 
 Rochdale, co. 
 Lancaster, living 
 unmarried 1816. 
 
 Tille 
 Orme- 
 rod, 
 o.s.p.ui. 
 
 Henn. Orme- 
 rod. M. D. of 
 Rochdale, co. 
 Lane, ob, s.p. 
 
 at the Collegiate Church of Manchester, Oct. 18, 1784. 
 
 George Ormerod, of Choriton,=T=Sarah, eldest dati. of John Latham, 
 in the county of Chester, esq. of Bradwall Hall, co. Cest. and Har- 
 ley Street, London, M,D, president 
 
 John Hargreaves, esq.^hariotte Anne Ormerod, sole 
 living 1616. daughter and heiress, died 
 
 Feb, 6, 1806, aged 29, bu- 
 ried at Holme. 
 
 , esq. 
 
 K.S.A. born Oct. 20, 1785, 
 baptized at St. Mary's Man- 
 chester. A genllenian com- 
 moner of Brasenose College, 
 Oxford, created M. A, Feb. 5, 
 1807. Uving 1816. 
 
 of the Ro\al College of Ph>'sicJans. 
 bv Marv, eldest daughter and coheir 
 of the Rev. Peter Mere, B. A. virar 
 of Prcstbuiy, co.Cest. born Dec. 28, 
 1781, married at Sandbadi, Aug. 
 2, 1808, living 1816. 
 
 Chariotte Anne Hargreaves, John Hargreaves, born ^»"""^ ^^^^y "^{'f,'"'^^''-^' 
 born Sept. 29, 1805. Jan. 10, 1804. born Feb. 9, 1303. 
 
 '===i=^iss? ' sss? "Hs;?~ "S^"' 
 
 5on, 
 
 Bucks, July 27, 1809. 
 
 caster, Oct. n, 1810. 
 
 c 
 
 1
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF Wli ALLEY. 
 
 Additions to CVwiser. 
 
 zc. 
 
 This township, in which the author has so near and domestic an interest, is entitled to a 
 little more attention than it has hitherto received, both in respect to scenery and antiquities. 
 
 The rocky portion of Cliviger to the East abounds with waterfalls, some of which are of 
 considerable depth and beauty. Redwater Clough, the course of the antient Crowbrook, forms 
 a bold and rocky boundary to the two counties. Here remains much native wood, minfrled 
 with jutting points of crags, one large waterfall, and a small one of singular beauty near the 
 top, overshadowed by a single oak, which might almost be painted of its own dimensions. On 
 the opposite side of the valley is Beater Clough, another ancient boundary, derived probably 
 from the Saxon Bearefie, on account of the " beating" of the waters. This contains a series of 
 falls at least half a mile in length. Next the West is Ratand Clough, which retained the Saxon 
 name of Routand Clough (the brawling torrent) even in the time of Queen Elizabeth, and in 
 floods projects a single sheet of water nearly sixty feet in depth, environed with noble rocks. 
 Next, and still to the West, is Earl's Rower, the streams of which at the same seasons fall more 
 than an hundred and fifty feet ; though in high East winds a great part of it at the point of pro- 
 jection is caught up into the air, and visibly dissipated in vapour. Lastly, in the Ciully of Dod- 
 bottom, are two falls of about eight yards each. But all these require a swell of water to give 
 them their proper effect, I shall next notice some ancient names and their etymologies, 
 Calder*, first mentioned in a charter of Simon, abbot of Kirkstall, I am now mclined to think 
 is simply the Danish Kalldur, frigldus. Munsus Rake, the name of a winding road in Cliviger 
 Dean, is evidently Monkshouse Rake , a vestige of their property here, after an interval of 
 five centuries -j-. Scarth Rake: this is pure Danish, scartli, in that dialect, being a scar. And 
 does not the " White Kirk" adjoining, the name of a perpendicular rock bleached by the 
 storms, contain a very antient allusion to the White Kirk under the Lee at Whalley ? It may 
 also be proper to mention, in passing, a few old local words, with their derivations. Rake is a 
 winding road up the long side of a mountain, from the Anglo-Saxon paean, porrigere. Scouts 
 are long ridges of rock stretching parallel to the horizon, perhaps from peoran, to shoot out in 
 length, Clough, a narrow broken valley, is pure Saxon ; but the etymologists have not observed 
 that it comes from cleopan, ^/«/ere, to cleave asunder. The Dutch kluof is the saine word. 
 
 The ori"^inal boundary between Cliviger and the forest of Rossendale was unquestionably 
 the old dyke which traverses the ridge of the hill nearly from East to West by Pikelaw, The 
 freeholders of Clivio-er, however, are now possessed of a large tract of moor ground on the other 
 side: a poor compensation for the loss of their freehold rights in all their ancient commons, 
 which the acquirement of this occasioned. 
 
 In the earlier part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth a suit was instituted by the proprietors 
 of the vaccary of Horelavv Head, otherwise Bacop Booth, against those of Cliviger, to recover 
 this parcel of common, on the following grounds. 
 
 It appeared from the evidence of several ancient persons, who remembered the boundaries 
 before the disforesting of Rossendale, that the meres lay from Tower Hill (near Bearnshaw 
 
 * The stream, which rises from the same source, is called East Calder in charters relating to the part of StansfielJ 
 adjoining to Cliviger, temp. Edw. III. Townloy MSS, 
 
 t I have already shewn that these lands were alienated by the abbot and convent of Kirkstall, in the reign of Edw. L 
 
 Tower)
 
 36G HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 Tower) to Hag-Cate, or the old road along the Haia Dominicalis, still called Old Dike, thence 
 to Routandclough Head, thence to Pike Law, and thence to Derplay Hill. And this division 
 Nature as well as Tradition pointed out. 
 
 But, on the other hand, it was proved on the hehalf of Cliviger, that, ahout sixty years 
 before, certain marked stones then remaining, and including the disputeil ground, had been 
 laid as meres by Sir John Townley, Knt. in the presence of Sir Peter Legh, Steward of the 
 Honor of Clitlieroe, and Sir John Booth, Receiver. 
 
 Secondly, it appeared from the court rolls, that two acres of land, parcel of the two hundred 
 and forty acres in dispute, had been granted to Robert Whitaker, of Holme, as part of the com- 
 mons of Cliviger within Dirpley Graining, anno 17 Edward IV. and two acres more to Thomas, 
 his son, anno . . Henry VH. 
 
 To all these things the people of the Vaccary replied, that they were done without their 
 knowledge or privity. 
 
 On the whole, there can be no doubt that the Old Dike had been the original boundary of 
 the forest, but that the meres of Cliviger had been wrongfully extended at some indefinite 
 period before the ] 7th of Edward IV. in consequence of which a prescription was established 
 against the foresters. Under this impression, therefore, they abandoned the suit, and con- 
 sented to inclose along the meres which Sir John Townley had laid ; and the outfence then 
 built forms the present boundary. 
 
 How long the coal so abundant in this rocky district has been wrought for sale, does not 
 a])pear from any document which I have seen: I only know that in the 3d and 4th of Philip 
 and Mary, those sovereigns granted to my ancestor Tliomas Whitaker, of Holme, gentleman, 
 his heirs and assigns for ever, all their " coole-mynes and coole-pitts in Clyvecher ;" which, in the 
 year 1567, this improvident grantee transferred to John Towneley, Esq. for the trifling sum of 
 20l. and by this bargain, his descendants have, during the last forty years, been deprived of at 
 least ] OOu/. per annum. 
 
 How this valuable property reverted to the chief lords I have never learned. In one of the 
 old works was found an ancient Sandal with straps for upj)er-leathers ; and to another is still 
 attached the tradition of a providential interference, so nearly resembling Harrison's story of 
 the Crow of Cumerystwyth, that I shall relate it in the words of that old and simple writer. 
 
 " 3 IDorftinnn Voorfuna on a tmiie at Comcrj.s'ttoutlj ^k nmlcsi fcoio ^traDRcur, DiiJ la^c IjiV purjfc anb 
 gir&tc l))i f)ini. 3 Crotoc (toij'.dj Ijc ijao maoc tame) tons' lurii bus'ji flittcnno about Ijinii, anD ssoe niucl) 
 mole.^tct) ijpm, tfiat Ijc toavco amjrn toitlj tijc borbc, anD in Jji.^ fur» tljrcatcncD to tornng off Iji.^ necfic. Co 
 be sit)ort, tije croia IjajStitp cau0l}t ujj Iji^ jirDic anti jiur!.tc, anD luaDc aVoan toitlj all ?oc fa.st a^ tier toinge? 
 foulDe eacqi ijer. IJ^ercupon tljc poore man fallpng into creat agonji (for tic fcareb, pcra&ijcnturc, to lo^t all IjpjS 
 rnonc!,i), t'jreto Dotone IjijiS itiattoth at aoiienturc anD ran after tIjc birDc, curbing anD nienaeing tfiat Ijc jSljoutb 
 lo.rfe bis (jjfc If cbcr fic gotte Ijjrni aganie ; but a^ it fell out tijc rroto toa.iS tljc meanest toljcrebp fyj^ Ipfc, 
 for t)e not tong been oute of tljt mmc toljen ere it fell Dotonc anD liillcD at j;i.^ fellotoe.^*." 
 
 In the Red Moss, a part of this two hundred and forty acres once within the forest. Iron 
 Arrow-heads have often been found. These, it is probable, had been aimed against the deer 
 rather than used in battle. I have only to add, that in October, l802, in a field belonging to 
 the author, was found a Torques of the purest gold. It was lying upon the surface, having 
 
 * Description of Britaine, prefixed to Holinslicxl, vol. I. p. 1 IC, 1st ed. 1577- 
 
 been
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 36> 
 
 been turned up by the plough or harrow, and picked up by a reaper. The weight is above one 
 ounce and a half. It was originally a complete circle, then bent back upon itself, and twisted 
 round; excepting at the ends, which are looped, as if intended to be fastened about the neck 
 by a cord. It is now in my possession. 
 
 ON THE GEOLOGY OF CUVIGER. 
 
 This district is selected for the purpose of geological research, first, as being more intimately 
 known to the author ; and, secondly, as being more strongly and distinctly marked by the 
 vestiges of convulsion and disorder, which at some remote period have rent the crust of the 
 earth, than any other in the parish of Whalley. 
 
 Modern geologists have divided the strata of the earth into two general classes, primary and 
 secondary, of which the first, consisting principally of granite, is found to contain no organized 
 remains, either animal or vegetable, and undoubtedly existed before the creation of organized 
 matter. 
 
 Of these primitive strata we have no appearances, any more than of distinct and insulated 
 blocks of the same species, though these are often found on the surface of the earth, at a great 
 distance from their parent beds. 
 
 The secondary strata, as enumerated and arranged by geologists, are calcareous rocks, con- 
 taining innumerable remains of marine animals, and sand-stone, containing relics of vegetable 
 substances ; and these are found alternately one above the other. In the district, however, now 
 under examination, there are no calcareous beds, and only two strata of sand-stone, superin- 
 duced on innumerable and distinct deposits of argillaceous matter, which abound in vegetable 
 remains. 
 
 On the formation and present position of the strata of the earth, there are two hypotheses ; 
 one, which is that of Dr. Hutton and Mr. Playfair, that they have been produced by the action 
 of a central heat, which has reduced the whole crust of the earth to a state of fusion : 
 the other, that they are the result of chemical depositions, and that, as these depositions 
 must originally have been horizontal, their present inclined position is to be ascribed to an 
 irregular subsidence, while the whole of the ancient continents sunk so as to form the jjresent 
 bed of the ocean, which, with the exception of certain islands, covered the surface of our present 
 continents. 
 
 This is the hypothesis of M. de Luc : and the present inquiry will prove which of the two 
 is best adapted to solve the phaenomena of the district now before us. 
 
 The township of Cliviger, situated in the dorsal ridge of the island, is remarkable for 
 a great disruption in the mineral strata, which forms a deep and narrow pass between the counties 
 of York and Lancaster, after which the mountains gradually subside, while they expand to East 
 and West, embracing the plain and low lands, bounded to the North by the great bulk of 
 Pendle. 
 
 On the opposite sides of this great disruption, there is no correspondence between the strata, 
 for which reason the appearance of the whole completely negatives the opinion of Mr. Playfair, and 
 
 lis
 
 368 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 liis school, that valleys have been universally excavated by the long-continued action of streams 
 which have at first been accidentally directed into their present courses For, on entering this 
 district from the East, there appear four successive disruptions, exhibiting abrupt sections of 
 all the mineral beds which have been broken oft' succe/sively by the falling down of the strata in 
 front, while they have themselves undergone a considerable declination to the North-west. 
 These strata moreover are all argillaceous, and consist alternately of argillaceous rock, schistus, 
 iron, and coal. 
 
 On the other side, the plane of the strata in the direction of the valley is nearly horizontal : 
 the dip is to the South-west, and above all the argillaceous strata, which in no respect coincide 
 with those opposed to them, are superinduced two ponderous strata of sand-stone, one nearly 
 fifty feet thick, with a deep bed of schistus interposed between them. 
 
 Such appearances it is impossible for a moment to impute to the action of waters, or indeed 
 to the upheaving of these vast masses by the operation of central fire, inasmuch as the heated 
 air from the moment of its escape must have lost its expansive force, and could only have pro- 
 duced such fissures as " waits," which would have sufticed for its emission, and after which 
 its power must have ceased. 
 
 But there is in these strata a much stronger proof, that as they have not been reduced to 
 their present disordered and dislocated state by the operation of central fire, so they do not owe 
 their present mature and stratified forms to the same power. In one word, that they have never 
 been in a state of fusion. 
 
 It has been convincingly argued by M. de Luc, that, had the calcareous strata ever been 
 liquified by fire, besides that the fixed air which they contained would necessarily have been 
 dislodged (and dislodged it would easily have been notwithstanding the interposition of the sea), 
 all appearances of animal organization, which abound in such bodies, and sometimes even shells 
 in their recent state, must necessarily have disapjjeared. 
 
 In addition to which it may be urged, with respect to the argillaceous strata, that had they 
 been liquified by fire, all the vegetable ren)ains with which they abound must likewise have 
 disappeared. 
 
 To prove this, let any one throw a plant of fern (the commonest of all extraneous fossils) 
 into a cauldron of molten lead or iron, and after the mass is indurated, let him seek for the 
 substance, or even for the impression of the plant. 
 
 In this district the argillaceous strata which form the visible basis of the whole parish of 
 Whallej', will form the principal object of our consideration, and may properly be denominated 
 secondary strata, as the sand-stone in Cliviger, and the calcareous rocks about Clitheroe, are 
 evidently superinduced upon it. 
 
 I think it is generally understood by Christian geologists, among whom the amiable M. de 
 Luc holds the first place, that, by the day.s into which the work of creation is divided by Moses, 
 are to be understood indefinite periods of time. 
 
 During the aera of the creation, whether longer or shorter, two principles were evidently 
 employed by the Creator, which ceased when the formation of the crust of this globe was 
 accomplished. These were crystallization, and chemical deposition, of which the former ap- 
 pears to have taken the lead in the formation of granite, the simplest and most ancient of all 
 mineral productions, and the basis on which they rest. Hitherto there was no organization : 
 
 but
 
 Book IV— CirAr. Ill] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 369 
 
 hut now (I speak of the particular district hefore me) the work of chemical deposition began : 
 so that the chaotic pulp (I use these terms from the want of better and more adequate ones), 
 which contained in itself the principle and the matter of all mineral substances, began to preci- 
 pitate according to chemical affinities, particles electing particles, agreeably to the law of their 
 nature. 
 
 Of this process the great symptom is stratification ; an effect produced either by the tem- 
 porary cessation of the cause, which left an indurated surface for the next deposition to rest 
 upon ; or by the superinduction of difterent, though generally homogeneous matter. 
 
 In the earlier part of this period, and precisely in the order which we are taught to expect 
 by the narrative of Moses, vegetable substances, the first organized matter, were created. Ac- 
 cordingly, in these argillaceous strata are found, in a mineralized state, many specimens of the 
 filices, some roots of unknown plants, and many distinct and beautiful specimens, apparently 
 of pine, though different from any species with which we are acquainted in their recent state. 
 
 Of these, it is remarkable that they are all more or less flattened ; v Inch proves the depo- 
 sition by which they were surrounded to have been extremely rapid ; for had it been so slow as 
 merely to have kept pace with induration, an arch of harde-ned matter would have been 
 formed over these remains so as to have prevented them from being crushed by the incumbent 
 weight. 
 
 This is an important chronometer, and is directly opposed to the hypothesis of those 
 who assign very long periods of time for the successive operation by which the creation was 
 carried on. 
 
 But, though each operation appears to have been rapid, yet the following considerations 
 will go far to prove that there were considerable pauses, which afforded space for the operation of 
 more gradual and less active principles. 
 
 Vegetation, it must be remembered, had now commenced: and the onl}^ rational hypo- 
 thesis concerning the origin of fossil coal, is that its basis consisted in beds of peat earth. 
 
 But all these must originally have been the superficial soil composed of tlecayed roots and 
 other vegetable substances intermixed with the more permanent remains of wood, which 
 actually abound, some of them scarcely mineralized, in our coal strata at present. 
 
 These phaenomena prove, that, on the hypothesis of our present continent having consti- 
 tuted the bed of the primaeval ocean, the coal districts must have been islands extant above it : 
 and they also prove, as thcv are found in successive beds, three, four, or more above each 
 other, that there have been as many successive pauses in the work of deposition, during which, 
 by the aid of vegetation, successive beds of peat earth liave been spread over the repeated 
 surfaces and successively overwhelmed by new depositions. 
 
 The opinion that peat has been the parent of fossil coal, is confirmed by the universal fact 
 that the stratum immediately beneath the coal is clay, an unmineralized deposit almost always 
 found in the same situation beneath the peat in its recent state. 
 
 In Clivioer and the adjoining districts these stratifications of argillaceous matter are evi- 
 dently of two difterent periods, both, however, antecedent to the creation of animals, not a 
 vestige of the remains of which is ever found in the latest of them. 
 
 These are, first, the great rocky disruption already mentioned, the two sides of which must 
 
 3 b immediately
 
 37U HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 immediately afj^r the great convulsion which produced it, have met in an acute angle in the 
 valley beneath, which is now partially filled up by later depositions and become a plain. 
 
 But the materials of this j)lain, with the excej)tion of mere superficial alluvions, though 
 evidently applied to the feet and sides of the former broken strata, and therefore of later date, 
 are nevertheless of great antiquity. From within a very few yards beneath the present surface, 
 they are uniformly stratified, and have therefore been produced during the period when the 
 work of deposition was going on, which nmst have ceased before the production of quadrujieds, 
 by whom a world in such a state would have been uninhabitable. 
 
 Now these argillaceous strata, containing successive coal beds, and a})plied to the feet of the 
 rocky hills, constitute the great plain of Lancashire, and maintain an uniform inclination 
 towards the Irish sea, whose bed they seem to constitute, either by having gradually sunk beneath 
 its surface, or having been fractured by sudden disruptions. 
 
 But plains thus formed, during the period of the creation, are carefully to be distinguished 
 from mere alluvions, which are mixed unstratified deposits of debris poured down from the higher 
 grounds, and prove, 1 think, beyond a doubt, that the earth, as to its present surface, is of no 
 higher antiquity than that which is assigned to it by Moses. For, although the rocks them- 
 selves might have resisted the operation of atmospherical causes for millions of years, yet there 
 are hills at their feet of soft schistus, and other loose materials, continually exposed to the 
 action of rains and torrents, still remaining, though under a constant course of erosion, in a 
 considerable degree unimpaired. Yet, what attentive observer of this district does not, in the 
 course of thirty or forty years, recollect that the plains have been perceptibly elevated by local 
 alluvions, the collateral valleys widened by the fall of their sides, and their beds deepened by 
 the gradual attrition of their torrents ? 
 
 If these causes had been operating, as some men would persuade us, for millions of years, 
 what must have been the consequence? 
 
 Almost an universal level. 
 
 Whereas the simple process of multiplying the period of a man's own recollection by one 
 hundred will fairly account for all the efl'ects produced since the great work of mineral deposi- 
 tion, or in other words, of creation ceased. 
 
 This leads me to observe, that there is some leaning to system, and consequently some 
 inaccuracy in the hypotheses both of M. de Luc and his antagonists, with respect to the origin 
 of vallevs : the one afiirming that they are universally the ellect of torrents; the other as 
 generally that they have been produced by sudden and violent disruptions. 
 
 The district now before me will prove that both these systems are partially true and 
 partially false. 
 
 Of the principal valley, indeed, it is impossible for the most careless observer not to per- 
 ceive that torrents can have had no share in its formation or increase : but Cliviger abounds 
 with deep collateral gullies, of which it is evident that the basis has been an original fracture 
 in the rock, which has given a determination to the waters collected on the opposite slopes. 
 How else are we to account for the deep and rapid waterfalls, where the torrent, which has 
 obviously been unable to form any depression in its rocky bed, either above or beneath, must, 
 on the other hypothesis, be su])posed to have broken off a perpendicular surface, many yards in 
 depth, of matter equallv intractable, or rather the same. 
 
 Yet,
 
 Book IV.— Chap. TIL] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 371 
 
 Yet, on the other hand, where these permanent and unconquerable obstacles do not inter- 
 vene, it is eqviall\' obvious, that the beds of our torrents are becoming wider and deeper; that 
 rains, thaws, and other atmospherical causes, are perpetually detaching from th^r sides large 
 masses of loose matter destined to form alluvions on the plains beneath, but that these effects 
 are gradually ceasing, since, the deeper the channel becomes, the harder and more impracticable 
 is the surface on which it has to act for the future, and the wider it has already been worn, the 
 less impression will future torrents be enabled to make upon its sides. 
 
 Heretofore, however, these impressions have been very great, for I can show, imme- 
 diately behind my own house, a rock forming one side of the bed of a torrent, and now 
 little less than fifteen feet above it, of which all the salient angles have been rounded and 
 broken off" by the violent attrition of masses of rock, rolled down, in successive floods, from 
 above. 
 
 In one word, both systems may be conciliated thus : 
 
 The original fractures have not and could not have been occasioned by water : but what 
 that powerful agent has been able to effect under circumstances most favourable to its operation, 
 in narrow clefts and deep waterfalls, is this : it has worn away the first asperities, it has wrought 
 by the attrition of pebbles a few rock basons on the sides, and in the course of thousands of 
 years, it has excavated a foot or two from the rock at the point of its projection. But what is 
 this to the production of rocky valleys ; and, ;dlowing all that is required, even millions of 
 years, how is this cause to account for the appearance of strata on the opposite sides, where 
 the salient angles are not only entire, but where they have no correspondence in position, and 
 no affinity in their respective species ? 
 
 One a])pearance in the geology of this district yet remains to be noticed, and one difficulty 
 to be stated. 
 
 The long declivity towards the West, which extends into Briercliffe, through the several 
 gullies of Sheden, Thursden, and Thornden, has evidently been sea beach, as it consists of 
 immense and irregular beds of pebble of various descriptions imbedded in an unmineralized 
 deposit of clay. 
 
 All this confused mass, of which there is no instance known to De Luc, and onlv one in 
 Ireland, is of the species which Saussure calls debris, being nothing more than the rubbish 
 left by the gradual retreat of the sea, bv\Nhi(h, antf'ce<lently to its subsidence westward, this 
 whole tract has manifestU' been covered. 
 
 Superficial marine symptoms of the same kind appear from Ormerod to the immediate 
 brink of the valley above Barcroft, and thence to Hecklehurst ; and the Calder and the Brun 
 appear to have worn their way from these levels to their present beds through masses of this 
 loose detritus. In a small valley above Scholevhead, it is found in a very singular situation, 
 having followed and closed a breach made bv some prodigious torrent in all the regular strata 
 down to the principal coal bed, a depth of forty yarils, which last has for a considerable space 
 been washed away. 
 
 The last of these appearances may be accounted for by some tremendous swell of the sea, 
 agitated, as it must have been at the period of these subsidences, and directed by some obstruc- 
 tion on each side into the specific channel, within which it bore the hardest and most ponderous 
 of the strata before it. 
 
 With
 
 372 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 With respect to the former, while it atiords the strongest and most direct evidence which I 
 have ever met with, that the present surfare has originally formed the bed of the ocean, it 
 appears to have undergone no other alteration since the general subsidence took place, than the 
 precipitation of a bed of clay or niarle, which remains nnniineralized. 
 
 Mr. de Luc maintains, and with great probability, that all the early strata of the earth must 
 originally have been in an horizontal position, to which it is manifest that all the subsequent 
 depositions must have lieen perpendicular, so that had they rested on surfaces ever so much 
 inclined, their own must iiave preserved the general parallel. This is certainly true in theory, 
 and the appearances of the depressed and elevated strata generally coincide with the oj)inion. 
 
 Yet, m this district, there are appearances extremely difficult to reconcile with this 
 hypothesis. 
 
 In many places the strata are no more parallel with each other than with the horizon. For 
 though at any considerable depth beneath the surface, this relative parallelism, excepting in 
 case of some accidental disturbance, is generally maintained, and though the great abrupt 
 sections of rock and other minerals, wherever they break out, evidence the same fact, yet on 
 the opposite sides, where the more superficial dip of the mineral beds coincides with the 
 general subsidence, yet dpes not keep pace with it, so as to n)erge in the plain below, all the 
 strata, as they approach the surface, become attenuated, and at length expire. 
 
 Weighing these appearances with all the attention of which I am capable, I cannot think 
 them of moment enough to shake ]M. de Luc's general principle, with respect to this specific 
 subject, though I find it difficult to account for them consistently with it. 
 
 'I'lie only conjecture which 1 can otter on the subject is, that the great shock which took 
 place at the time of the general subsidence, having happened when these strata were in a semi- 
 fluid state, that shock which would of course be greatest at the lowest point of depression, 
 might compress and attenuate tiie softest parts of tiiose strata so as to produce the appearance 
 with which we are now embarrassed. 
 
 One observation more, and I have done. 
 
 It is extraordinary that so good a man as M. de Luc should be so great an enemy to final 
 causes ; and that he should object to the opinion of Mr. Playfair on the formation of vegetable 
 mould, that it is merely a disintegration of the rock or other strata immediately beneath the 
 surface, perpetually diminished by atmospherical causes, and as constantly renewed by the pro- 
 cess of disintegration. Yet, if this were not the case, vvh}- should the quality of the soil be 
 determined by that of the minerals beneath ? Why does the surface which covers calcareous 
 beds, exhibit a verdure and a set of plants of its own? Why, in this district in particular, are 
 all our best pastures found on the slopes where the lower mineral beds do not break out: and 
 why are the opposite sides where they do break out marked by sterility ? Why does the 
 valley of Rossendale wear that wretched aspect which it does, but that the atmosphere has 
 nothing to decompound for the renovation of vegetable mould but schistus ? In one word, 
 this process of disintegration is altogether providential ; but, like the other operations of Pro- 
 vidence, governed by general rules, and therefore accompanied v.ith exceptions to its own 
 general! J' beneficial effects. 
 
 Lastly, one principal point at issue between M. de Luc and his antagonists, is this: 
 
 Whether the surface of the present globe be or be not composed of materials collected 
 
 from
 
 Book IV.— Chap. J II.] HISTOllY OF VVHAr.f.KV. 373 
 
 from the wreck of former continents? and consequentlv whether any process is now goine on, 
 from which it may be inferred, that the present globe is at some period to be disintegrated for 
 the formation of a future world. 
 
 The determination of this question is highly important; inasninch as the affirmative leads 
 to Dr. Hntton's and Mr. Playfair's opinion, that there exists no assignable origin to the ma- 
 terial world, and consequently that it may undergo future changes in intinitum : whereas the 
 system of Mr. de Luc strongly supports the doctrine of Moses, that matter itseh" had its origin 
 at no very remote period; that its successive modifications have taken j)lacc in the order 
 assigned by the prophet; and that there are no appearances which contradict an i>pinion that 
 the present state of the terraqueous globe is not the last. 
 
 This conclusion is established by Mr. de Luc's acute distinction betwixt causes which have 
 ceased, and causes which continue to operate. Among these, the great master cause, che- 
 mical deposition, has evidently ceased, ceased even before the creation of quadrupeds, who 
 could not have existed during its continuance, while the alluvions which are dailv taking place, 
 and the gradual diminution of the bed of the sea, have no tendency further than a continued 
 approximation to a general level on the surface of the globe. 
 
 No combinations are forming, no tendencies to any such combinations any where appear; 
 and it could only be by the renewed application of some chemical principle like that applied 
 by the Creator to the chaotic mass at first, that the unstratified and decomposed ruins of the 
 present surface could be re-united and combined for the formation of new continents. 
 
 Yet there are processes in these districts still going on, which may seem to countenance 
 the opinion that the work of chemical deposition has not altogether ceased. These are, the 
 incrustations of calcareous matter on the sides and bottoms of caves, and the deposits of ochre 
 on the bottoms of old and abandoned coal-mines. But, in the first place, these are not che- 
 mical, but mere physical depositions; and secondly, from the rapidity of their increase they 
 conclude strongly against the high antiquity of the globe. When I say that they are mere 
 physical depositions, 1 mean that the}' are impregnations precipitated by the power of gravity 
 from an homogeneous fluid ; and with respect to their rapidity, if, which is literally the fact, an 
 artificial excavation in a coal-mine three feet deep, can be more than half filled by ochery 
 depositions in a century, what must have become of all the ochre precipitated in millions 
 of years ? 
 
 It is another powerful argument in favour of M. de Luc's system, that these recent pre- 
 cipitations, of which the date can accurately be assigned, as soon as they begin to harden 
 be^in to stratiFv also, so that the operation of fire is obviously unnecessary to the production 
 of this effect. And with respect to calcareous caves and their incrustations, though it were 
 to be wished that some accurate experiments were made in order to prove their advancement 
 in any given time, it is a well-known fact, that any extraneous substance placed under a per- 
 pendicular fall of limestone water will be incrusted over in a very few years. Yet are caverns 
 of no ample dimensions very little contracted from their original dimensions at this day. 
 
 Lastly, to apply M. de Luc's doctrine of " subsidences" to the general appearances of the 
 surface throughout the Parish of Whalley. 
 
 The great disruption which forms the Gorge of Cliviger, and gradually ex})ands East and 
 
 West towards Bools worth on one side, and Hapton Scouts on the other, has already been 
 
 mentioned. 
 
 The
 
 374 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. Ill 
 
 The first valley of Rosseiulalc, to the turn of the Irwell at Bacop, has been formed by the 
 subsidence of the strata, whose sections appear at their highest point of elevation opposite to 
 Holme: the second, by another great fracture, of which the section appears opposite to New 
 Church. The depression of Hapton Scouts has produced a third, betwixt Hamildon and 
 Cridden. Another great break off to the West forms the opening from Accrington to Has- 
 lingden, and thence in the direction of the Irwell towai'ds Bury. The singular phaenomenon 
 of the rearing mine, which in some places is almost vertical, has formed the valley of Subden, 
 and perhaps the aperture between Pendle and Billinge. Those two great longitudinal masses 
 appear to have been affected, if not produced, by the same convulsion. Similar dislocations 
 have rent off Longridge and Tottridge, and formed the valley of Hodder ; while limestone 
 beds have, at a later period, and by some local principle of chemical deposition, been spread 
 at the feet of Pendle from Downham to Clitheroe (a continuation of the great calcareous basis 
 of Craven), while a similar process has spread a coat of the same valuable matter over the 
 original argillaceous bottom from Whitewell to Chipping. 
 
 Meanwhile atmospherical and vegetable causes have contributed to round off the original 
 angular asperities of the hills. xMere rocks, indeed, have been little affected by these opera- 
 tions, and remain standing and striking monuments of those vast convulsions by which the 
 present face of the earth in these rugged districts has been produced. 
 
 But on the beds of schistus which constitute the bulk of these mountains, such causes have 
 produced great effects. By laving bare the subjected rocks, they have indeed increased their 
 asperities in some instances ; they have ploughed many deep furrows on their sides; but the 
 gradual disintegration of schistus at the surface has rounded off innumerable angles, while 
 the formation of peat-moss on their summits has given them a flowing and gentle outline, 
 which though far less striking than the jutting prominences of the Cumberland fells, is 
 infinitely more graceful than the harsh and formal appearance which these great protuberances 
 must have retained for many centuries after they emerged from the universal level. 
 
 Neither let it be forgotten how delightful and how beneficial these convulsions have become 
 to man. Had it not been for the inequalities in the earth's surface thus produced, the whole 
 face of the globe would have been a perfect blank, uninteresting as the dykes of Holland or 
 the fens of Lincolnshire : the pleasing variety of hill and dale, the scenery of lake, and 
 rock, and cataract, could scarcely have occurred, even to the imagination ; in short, all the 
 sources of gratification arising from what is called the picturesque, must have been wholly 
 wanting. Nav, more, — such inequalities were necessary to the infinite varieties both of 
 plants and animals, in which the Creator appears to delight. Every temperature, every 
 soil, has a set of animals and vegetables peculiar to itself, which could no otherwise have 
 existed. Without these convulsions commerce also must, in a great measure, have been 
 unknown. The produce of mountains is necessary to the inhabitants of the plains below; 
 while, in order to render life comfortable, the fruits <>f the more genial plains and valleys 
 are equally necessary to those of the mountains. But, above all, — had the earth's surface 
 remained a perfect plain, the precious metals could only have been obtained in very small 
 quantities, and by very feeble and superficial operations. It may be said that steam engines 
 might, as they do at present, have superseded the necessity of levels, to draw off the water. 
 But steam engines imply a previous supply of iron and coal, neither of which could have been 
 
 obtained,
 
 Book IV.— Chap. HI.] HISTORY OF WHALLLV. 375 
 
 obtained, or indeed would ever have apjieared to solicit investigation before the edges of 
 mineral beds were exposed by fractures of the crust of the eartli ; for it must be recollected, that 
 where there are no mountains, there could be no torrents to wash them bare. Yet the jjrecious 
 metals, as they are called, and other more valuable minerals, were surelv not created for the 
 purpose of lying useless and unknown till the consummation of all things ; they were dis- 
 played and they were rendered accessible by these mighty convulsions first to attract the 
 curiosity and afterwards to exercise the industry and to supj)ly the wants of man. Cienlogists 
 may, if they think proper, call the present world a ruin; but till the round and finished 
 fabric, as it came from the hands of the Creator, were reduced to its present broken and dis- 
 located state, however comfortable an habitation it might have aflforded to birds, to the am- 
 phibia, and to a few quadrupeds, its last-created inhabitant, man, must have remained what 
 he began, a savage, unwarmed, uncloathed, and unsheltered, as the brutes, since it is to these 
 inequalities on the surface of the planet which he inhabits that he is ultimately indebted for 
 all the arts of Ufe, and consequently for all the accommodations of civilized society. 
 
 BRIERCLIFFE. 
 
 This township, with its dependent hamlets of Extwisle and Worsthorn, constitutes a fourth 
 part of the extensive parochial chapelry of Burnley. 
 
 The earliest notice I have met with of this township is a grant b)' Robert de Lacy, who died 
 A. D. 1193, of half a carucate of land in Breredeve to Osward Brun. test. Gcilfr. Decano. 
 This was probabl}' the basis of that township as distinct from the two subordinate hamlets ; 
 but the next paragraph proves it not to have been followed by manerial rights. 
 
 In * the 35th of Henry III. Edmund de Lacy obtained a charter of free warren for his lord- 
 ship of Brereclive, which gives at once the true orthography and etymology of the word. The 
 meaning is sutiiciently obvious — a steep overgrown with briers ; the latter syllable accurately 
 descriptive of its general position : a long and moderate declivity from the confines of York- 
 shire to the verge of the township of Burnley, the former indicating its uncultivated and 
 intangled state at the time when the name was formed. 
 
 A family calling themselves de Brerecleve, appear as parties or witnesses to charters relating 
 to estates in this jilace, from the time of deeds without date, to the reign of Henry W. The 
 name still subsists, but in the lowest rank. 
 
 BrierclifFe, with its dependencies, is chiefly remarkable for some undescribed and hitherto 
 almost unnoticed remains of Roman antiquity. Subordinate as it should seem to the station 
 of CasterclifT, the Castra tesfiva of Calunio-\-, has been a chain of small Roman posts on the 
 elevated grounds of Briercliffe, Worsthorn, and Extwisle, commanding the great inclined 
 plains, which are intersected by the deep ravines of Thornden, Swinden, and Thurstin. First 
 of these, and in the middle of Worsthorn moor, are the remains of a small angular fort about 
 forty-eight yards by forty-two within, consisting of a foss and the remains of a wall. Vacancies 
 for the Praetorian and Decuman gates, opening nearly North-west and South-east, are distinctly 
 
 * Dugdale's Baronetage, vol. I. -f See p. 30, 
 
 visible.
 
 37G HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 visible. And again, beyond the deep Gully of Swinden, is another fort exactly forty-two yards 
 square, with the ruins of a wall, but no appearance of a foss ; the gates situated as above *. At 
 a small distance appears a barrow of loose stones ; and, in the enclosed grounds beneath the 
 former, are the remnants of two others, which, though the greater part of them has been 
 carted awav, appear, from their outline, to have been of large dimensions. Whether any dis- 
 coveries have ever been made in removing these tumuli, I have never learned. Both these for- 
 tifications are situated in the immediate vicinity of springs; and both have evident marks of 
 fire upon the stones. On the high grounds Eastward of the latter, is a circular intrenchment, 
 nearly in a line with the two former and Casterclift', about fifty-eight yards in diameter. Still 
 to the Eastward, and directly in view of Castercliff, is the elevated summit of Shelfield, on 
 which something of antiquity, connected with the foregoing remains, might have been expected, 
 but has been sought in vain. The name of Burwains (Burghwains), a house in the neighbour- 
 hood, naturally excites in the sniiul of an antiquary the expectation of something Roman about 
 it, as Burnswork and Barrens, the last a corruption of Burwahis, as the former of Burrens- 
 ivork, are the modern ajipcliatioiis of the two celebrated camps near Middleby, in Scotland, 
 the Biatum Bidgium of Antoniue's Itinerary -f. These remains, evidently connected with others 
 of similar dimensions and structure in Cliviger, Hapton, &c. have this circumstance in com- 
 mon, that they arc all placed ujjon the Western slope of the great chain of hills, which 
 Camden very properly denominates the English Apennine, and all upon sites most accessible 
 to enemies from the East. They are also [)rovided with a correspondent apparatus of beacons, 
 from which the alarm of an irruption might instantly be communicated to the summit of Pendle, 
 and thence to Ribchester: one on Pikelaw (or Thieveley Pike), in Cliviger; another on the 
 higher part of Worsthorn moor; a third on Bonfire Hill; and a fourth on Boolsworth ; all of 
 which have remains very conspicuous. Beacons, always placed in situations the most remote, 
 and composed of materials at once durable and worthless, though loosely compacted, are among 
 the most lasting of the works of man. 
 
 On the uses of these small and evidently military works, two conjectures may be offered : 
 one, that they were intended for the retreats of cattle and the defence of the herdsmen who 
 attended them from the prsedatory attacks of the Britons. This is, perhaps, to assign to them 
 - too mean an object, and is, besides, partly negatived by the foregoing observations. The second 
 is, that thev were intended to form parts of a great plan of fortification for the defence of the 
 fVestern Setuntli, and their early Roman colonists, from the attacks of the Eastern Brigantes. 
 The idea of this general plan, without any knowledge of the remains now before us, has been 
 struck out by the bold and happy genius of Mr. Whitaker ; and the more it is considered, and 
 the recesses of our Apennine explored, the more abundant confirmation I am persuaded it 
 will receive. The words of that able antiquarj' are as follows : " Bremetonac in the North, a 
 " fortress about Colne in the centre, and a second, perhaps, about Littleborough or Windy- 
 " bank, and another at Castleshaw in the South, seem to have formed a regular chain of forts 
 " for that purpose upon the Situntian side of this natural barrier. And these seem to have 
 
 * The first of these is known to the shepherds by the name of Tlie Ring Stones ; the second, of Twist Castle, being 
 situated upon Twist Hill, which, perhaps, enters into the composition of Extwistle. 
 t See Horsley's Brit. Kom. p. 115, and Pennant's Tour in Scotland, vol. II. p. 103. 
 
 been
 
 Book IV.— Chap. Ill] HISTORY OF WHALLEY, 377 
 
 " been answered by another chain of fortresses npon the Brigantian, Camulodune being opposed 
 " to Castleshaw, and OHcana answering to Cohie." 
 
 But these principal stations were many miles asunder ; and the long unfortified ridges of 
 the intervening hills would afford to an active and light-armed enemy, many opportunities of 
 unseen irruption, and of undisturbed retreat. Against these insults, therefore, it became the 
 skill and vigilance or the Romans to provide ; and nothing could more effectually answer the 
 purpose than a chain of small fortifications almost within call of each other, and placed 
 exactly in situations where Nature had left the openest and most unbroken slopes of ground 
 from the East. 
 
 Such is the opinion which an attentive consideration of the whole chain of hills around, and 
 the hint so happily thrown out by the Historian of Manchester, have enabled the author to form 
 concerning these singular and unnoticed remains. 
 
 EXTIFISTLE. 
 
 Before we can settle the etymology of this and some other local names, which will occur in 
 the course of the present work, such as Bird-twistle, Oswald-twisle, Twiston, anciently Twisle- 
 ton, &c. it will be necessary to ascertain, or at least to offer some conjectures as to the meaning 
 of the word Ticistle, which, I believe, is unknown to all our etymologists. 
 
 " Anglo-Saxonibus berpeonan, berpynan, becpin, bcrpix, berpux, zisurpantur pro inter- 
 duo, in medio duoriim. Alam. en twischaii, Belgis twisschen." Jan. in Cod. Arg. * 
 
 The most probable account, therefore, which can be given of the formation of the word is, 
 that the first syllable being dropt, as in 'twixt Poet, from betwixt, in the haste and indistinct- 
 ness of vulgar pronunciation, the same process afterwards took place as in tlie change from 
 Saxon to Belgic, and that from Twixtle, were formed Twistle, Twisie, or Twisel. 
 
 Twistle, therefore, is a boundary, and Extvvistle the boundary of oaks, from ac. plur. acaj- 
 quercus. And it is remarkable, that the two deep doughs which bound this domain, have, 
 till some very late depredations, abounded with fine trees of the species to which it owes its 
 name. 
 
 The house of Extwistle, long the property and residence of the Parkers, in a commanding 
 situation, with a fine view to the West, is a lofty pile, now abandoned to dilapidation. 
 
 Parker, of Extvvisle. 
 
 Robert Paiker.=pJane, dau£:hler of Evan Hay<1o(k, of 
 I Hesanforth, Gent, tlied Dec. l.">.')7. 
 
 -r^ : --, -— — : -■ — n 
 
 John Parker,=pM;u:;aret, dau. of Laur. Margaret.=Mr. Hcni y Walton, Hek-n.=-Ciiarlcs Bani-tcr, Esq. .Ambrose, 
 died Jan. I Townlev, of Baruside, of Mar.',d!.n. horn 
 
 1633-4. 1 died Sept. 1623. ^^*<S. 
 
 See the following page. 
 
 * Evangelia Gothica et Anglo-Sax. Ed. Junii. 
 
 3c
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 Issue f>( John and Margaret Parker. 
 I 
 
 "1 — I 1 1 \ \ : 1 1 
 
 John Parker, born=pElizabelh, dau. Laurence, Franeis, Charles, Peter. Nicholas, Jane,=George'IViu- VVil- 
 
 Se()t. ir,7S, High 
 Sherift'of Lanca- 
 sliirc, ti Charles 
 II. died April 
 1655. 
 
 of Cutliliert \\'illiam, born born born born pest, Esq. liani. 
 
 Holdswortli, died in- 158'i. 1584. 1587. 15"5. 
 
 of Stubbing, fanls. 
 Gent, died 
 Dec. 1655. 
 
 1 1 
 
 Robert Parker,^Marv, eldest dauijliter and coheiress of Nicholas, born 
 
 died before 
 his father. 
 
 Mr. Nicholas Scarborough, of Glukes- IdOG, died 
 
 burn, in Yorksliiro, and Florence Ifi'O. 
 
 Nowell, of Read. 
 
 -m 1 1 1 
 
 John Parker,=pJane, dau. of Mr. Henry Mary. Elizabeth^^l^t. Mr. Thomas Uel- Dorothy, Jane.=Mr. John 
 Forster, of Hampshire, Isabel. licld, of Cleggswood. died Horsfall. 
 
 born 1634, 
 died June 
 1682. 
 
 widow of Francis Mai- 2d. Mr. Geoige Hal- 1650. 
 
 ham, of Elslack, in Cra- sted, of Bank-house, 
 
 ven, Esq. died Apr. 1686. 
 
 r ^ 1 
 
 Robert Parker, born 1663, Sheriff of Lancashire,=pAnne, daughter of Christopher John, born 1CG5, 
 died* April 21, 1718. 1 Banister, of Bank, Esq. died an infant. 
 
 I ^ 1 1 
 
 Banaster Parker,=p of ... . Clay- Nicholas, born John, died an Two daughters. 
 
 ofCuerden. ton, Esq. 1699-1700. infant. 
 
 Robert Parker.^Anne, daughter of Thomas Townley, of Royle, Esq. 
 I born 1735, died 1798. 
 
 _1_ 
 
 Banastre l'arkcr,= daughter of Thomas Townley Parkei-,=pSusan daughter of ... . Brooke,=:Sir Henry Philip 
 
 died s. p. 1788. Willam Hulton, of Esq.died Sheriff' of Lan- of Astley, Esq. Hoghton, Bart. 
 
 Hulton, Esq. cashire, 1794. 
 
 I 1 1 
 
 Robert Townley Parker. Susan, married .... Price, Esq. Anne, married John Bascavill Glegg, Esq. 
 
 Bryn-y-pys, Wales. Witherington House, Cheshire. 
 
 This manor belonged to the Prsemonstratensian Abbey of Newbo, in the county of Lincohi ; 
 for Rich, de Malbyse granted to the abbot and canons of this house half a carucate of land in 
 Extwisell, which donation was confirmed by Robert de Lacy, and therefore must have taken 
 place in or before the year II93, when he died. 
 
 John de Lacy, earl of Lincoln, quitclaimed to the abbot and canons of the same, all the 
 services due to him in Extwistle-|~; and, after the Dissolution, this manor was granted, with 
 many other lands, to John Braddyll, by whom, or his descendants;];, it was alienated to the 
 Parkers i^. I meet with the family here, however, as early as the reign of Edward IV.; and, as 
 early as Edward IIL there was a family in BrierclifFe ||, or in this hamlet, calling themselves De 
 Monkys, or, in French charters, Le Moin, from whom, probably. Monk-hall received its 
 name, as they may have done, from having stood in some relation as agents or otherwise, to 
 the canons of Newbo. 
 
 * Thursday, March 20th, I717-I8, Captain Robert Parker, two daughters, Mary Townley, Betty Atkinson, and 
 a child, were much damnified by gunjiowdcr, and two rooms much damaged. Monday, April 21st, 1718, Captain 
 Parker died. Mr. Wood's MS. pen. auct. 
 
 \ Improperly spelt EntiviscU in the Monaslicon. 
 
 J In this grant it is very incorrectly called tlio Manor of BrierclifFe with Extwisell, as Briercliffe, properly so called, 
 was never granted out. 
 
 § William Parker, of Extwisle, occurs 10 Henry IV. ^ and John Parker, of the same place, 7 Henry VI. They were 
 probaljly lessees under the abbey of Newbo. 
 
 II Gilb. le Mon. " Edw. HI. 
 
 A species
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 37!> 
 
 A sjiecies of internal regulation anciently prevailed in the manors of Biackburnshire, of 
 which I have met with no distinct account but in this township and that of Downham. Though 
 unnoticed, so far as I know, by any writer, it was probably of liigh antiquity, as the name is 
 pure Saxon, Byrelaw, from Bype * manerium. The custom will best be explained by the 
 following curious document. 
 
 The Byrelaw of Extwisell, confirmed by John Towneley, of Towneley, Esquire, John Parker, 
 
 of Extwisell, and others, May, A. D. 1561. 
 
 First, it is agreed that foure Byrelaw men be chosen and appoynted for the saide 
 townshipp. 
 
 2d. It™, that noe townesman shal tayke anie beast, shepe, or horse, to ye conion, except 
 yt be a poore man that hath kyne to geve him milk, or a horse or other beste to leade his 
 eldyng — sub pcena ins. ivd. 
 
 3d. If", if anie inhabitant tlier stawve anie thornes in Swindene to forfet us. 
 
 4th. It™, if anie inhabitant tlier cutt downe or fell anie thornes in Swindene, to forfet 
 ins, ivd. except ve saide byrelaw men assent to ye saide fellyng or stawving. 
 
 5th. It™, if anie man sell anie slate oute of ye saide townshipp, to forfet for ev'y waineload 
 Kiid. It", for ev'y waineload of lime. 
 
 Gth. It™, all goodes of straye to be impounded, and ye owners to paie for ev'y horse or 
 mare vid. for ev'y home beste, except shepe, nd. and for ev'ry shepe i^. and for ev'ry fold 
 break vis. \iiid. 
 
 /th. It'", noe servyng man to have above x shepe on ye coiiion w*out assent of ye byre- 
 law men. 
 
 8th. It™, all ringe yardes to bee made afore ye xv of March yerely sub poena iiii-. i\d. and 
 at ye same day al cattel to be avoyded out of ye fields under like paine. 
 
 9th. It™, noe grass to bee mowne, shorne, or pulled, betwene ye Feste of ye Nativitie of 
 o'r Lorde and ye laste daye of September, on peine for ev'ry defaute, of us. 
 
 10th. It™, if anie kinde of evil neighborhode be comittyd and founde by ye byrelaw men, 
 to paye for evy such defaute iii*. iv<^. 
 
 11th. It™, for ev'ry defaute in breaking of hedge or cuting wode in ye enclosures, ev'y 
 trespasser to paye 111.S. ivd. 
 
 After the word " comon," in the second article, I suppose the words " before some certain 
 day" to be omitted, as it is scarcely to be conceived that the land-owners would wholly exclude 
 themselves from the common for the benefit of the cottager.^. Yet, with this restriction, the 
 provision was highly favourable to the poor. See also Article 7. The words stawve (to stub, 
 or grub up), and elding, now become obsolete, are pure Saxon ; the former from ftrop, stipes, 
 the latter from a?let), ignis. The corn-fields evidently lay open. The corn was sown before 
 the 15th of March, old style, and therefore the ring yards or fences were to be made up, and 
 the cattle kept out. With respect to the 9th Article, it was an ancient custom to mow rough 
 
 * Sec Spelraan"s Glossary, in voce Bype. 
 
 bay,
 
 380 HISTORY OF WIIALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap, III. 
 
 hav, both upon the commons and in tlie forests ; but this branch of common right is here re- " 
 stricted to the last four months of the year, as in spring it would have prevented the growth of 
 the summer herbage, and in summer have impaired the common too much. It was plainly 
 intended that nothing but dry refuse grass should be thus taken. 
 
 iroRSTiionx. 
 
 The next hamlet dependent upon the township of BricrclifFe, is Worsthorn, originally 
 Wrthston, or Wrdeston, the Saxon F * absorbing the vowel o or u iuimediately following-}-. 
 
 A series of charters relating to this manor, which have fallen into my hands, will enable 
 me to give a prettv connected account of the origin and progress of property within it, from a 
 very early period to the present time. 
 
 It has already been observed, that all the manors within the Hundred of Blackburn were 
 Mesne INIanors dependent upon the Castle and Honor of Clitheroe; and, of the mesne lords 
 since the Conquest, the first who occurs here is Matthew, son of Hen. de Wrdest, who, by 
 deed without date, but probably of the time of Steplien or Henry H. grants to Henry, son of 
 Adam de Winhill, pro homagio et servitio suo, one toft and croft in the Villa de Wordcst, 
 Test. Hen. de Tunlay, Rich, son of Hugh de Alvetham, Hen. de Clayton, Hen. de Suttlevvrde, 
 Ad. de M'inliil, Rob. son of Sawin de Wrdest', Matthew son of Hozebert, Adam Mercator 
 (i. e. Chaj)man), John son of ])oIphin, and others. 
 
 This charter is written in a semi-Saxon character, extremely fair ; and the names of the 
 latter witnesses, who had not acquired local names from the possession of lands, demonstrate 
 how small an effect the Norman Conquest had had upon the nomenclature of the lower orders. 
 The proprietors of estates, we see, had begun to be denominated from their respective places of 
 abode. 
 
 Another circumstance of some importance may be inferred from the signature of Hen. de 
 Tunlay. No j)erson of that baptismal name occurs in the earlier descents of the present 
 family. This deed, therefore, is unquestionably prior to the grant of the Villa de Tunlay, 
 in the time of John ; and there must have been an earlier race possessed of the same estate, as 
 we have already shewn. 
 
 But to return. Before the time of Edward H. or at least in the very beginning of that 
 reign, the manor must have returned, Iw escheat or otherwise, to the superior lord; for, by a 
 verv fine charter, bearing date anno |.. Edward H. it was granted by Henry de Lacy, the 
 last Earl of Lincoln of that name, to Oliver de Stansfeud, Constable of Pontefract Castle, and 
 Receiver of the Honor. 
 
 The pedigree of this grantee, collected partly from Mr. Watson's account of the family, in 
 the History of Halifax, and partly from original authorities pen. auct. is as follows: 
 
 * I have seen instances of this relic of Saxon orthognipliy in chartcjs as late as Edward HI. 
 f ITrdeston or ITi'tlieston is the town of U'nhe, a gi-nuinc Saxon name, probably that of the first proprietor. 
 J For some reason, which I do not undevr^tand, tiie date of this charter had been eraseil, and the word " vices- 
 simo" written on the erasure. This was impotsible, as Henry de Lacy, llie grantor, had then been dead sixteen years. 
 
 Pedigree
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 381 
 
 Pedigree or Stansfield. 
 
 Wyan Maryon'i, a tblldwtr of one=p 
 
 of tlie Earls of Waiicn. I 
 
 I 1 
 
 Jordan <le Staiis!itlil.=p tlaughler of 
 
 I .lohn lie Towiiley. 
 
 I —-, I 1 1 
 
 John. Thoma=. Robert. Oliver de Stansfeiul, grantee of this manor,==Enima, daughter 
 
 survived to ga Edward 111. j of ". . 
 
 r '' 
 
 John de StansRcld,=p 
 
 S Hen. VI. | 
 
 I ' 
 
 Jaiiies ^tanslield,=p 
 
 3'2 Hen. VI. | 
 
 I ' 
 
 Geflray Stansfield, =p 
 
 hi> son. I 
 
 r J 
 
 (liles Stan.sfield.=p 
 
 r 1 
 
 Johanna.^Simon Haydock, of Hcsand- 
 foithe, Gent.* 
 
 In the reign of Henrv VI. the manerial riglits conveyed by the last grant appear to have 
 been contested by the Townleys, of Townley, representatives of the De la Leghs ; and, from 
 the mention of Mayhem and Monnes Dethe in an award of Sir Thomas Stanley, father of the 
 first Earl of Derby,' the contest appears to have been conducted in the spirit of the times. 
 That award, however, determining that James Stansfield and his heirs should have and enjoy 
 the seigniory, rent, and service, due and accustomed, of the said londes and tenements, extin- 
 guished the flame for about a century, when similar disputes to the former having arisen, and 
 a claim on the part of the freeholders to the substitution of a certain prescriptive payment in 
 lieu of services, reliefs, heriots, &c. Iiaving been setup, 1st Elizabeth, " Laurence Town lev, 
 " of Barnside, and Alexander Hougliton, of Pendleton, (ients. did ordain, deitie, and award, 
 " that Symon Haydock and Johanna his wife, should discharge and release to John Townley, 
 " Esq. and tiic other proprietors, all homage, service, harriots, knight's service, wards, mar- 
 " riages, and all other things which the said Symon Haydock and Johanna his wife, as in the 
 " right of the said Johanna, have claymed to have of the said John Townley, &c. within the 
 " towns of Hyrstvvood and Worsthorn, and their awncytors, by reason or occasion that the 
 " said messuages, lands, and ten'ts, in Hyrstwood and \^'orsthorn aforesaid, should be holden 
 
 of the said Symon Haydock, as in the right of Johanna his wife, saving only the yearly free 
 " rent of lO/. Os. l^d. which hath byn used and accustomed to be paid to the said Symon, and 
 
 to the awncvtors of the said Johanna." In compliance with this award, the sum of 20l. was 
 paid " upon the fonte in Bruley churche," by the several proprietors, to the said Symon and 
 Johanna, Sept. 29th, I560. This is a late relic of a very ancient usage. In times when sub- 
 scribing witnesses were difficult to be obtaijied, it was necessary that important legal transac- 
 tions should be matters of public notoriety; and, for this purpose, the parish church imme- 
 diately before or after divine service, was very properly chosen. I have an ancient charter of 
 
 * By Inquisition taken 39 Elizabeth, it was found that Evan Haydock de Hesandforthe held the manor of Worsthorn, 
 in socage, per fidelitatem et redditum Id. and that Simon his son was of the age of forty years. 
 
 feoffment. 
 
 (C 
 
 cc
 
 382 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 feoflment, dated " apud Ecclesiam de Rachdale ;" and the reserved rents of several chapters 
 which are required to be paid on certain tombstones within their cathedrals, are remnants of 
 the same usao-e. This latter award affords an op[)ortimity of comparing the state of property 
 in the township at this time, with what it had been two hundred and fifty years before. 
 
 John Aspedene, Chaplain, (one of the freeholders enumerated in the latter award) was the 
 first protestant curate of Burnley, and disposed of his property, 8th Ehz. to John WoodroofF, 
 of Brunley, (another of the freeholders,) by the style of " Johes. Aspedene, Cler. modo seu 
 nuper incumbens in ecclesia sive capella de Bruley." The history of that church will shew the 
 reason he had for being dubious of his own title. They were probably the chantry lands, 
 which the incumbents were empowered to alienate in their own names. 
 
 On a comparison of the freeholders in the reign of Edw. II. and 1 Ehz. it appears that, 
 excepting in a single instance, no consolidation of property had taken place during a period of 
 two hundred and fifty years. In the reign of Edward II. the proprietors were twenty; in the 
 1st of Elizabeth, they were eighteen: but, in the first catalogue, John de la Legh held lands 
 in his own right, and others in the right of Cecilia his wife; besides that, Agnes de Tovvnley, 
 sister of Cecilia, dying, as appears, without issue, her portion of the inheritance descended, 
 upon her decease, to her sister's issue. 
 
 It is farther observable, that, with four exceptions in the first catalogue, and five in the 
 latter, all these persons resided upon their own properties, in tlie condition of small gentry or 
 substantial yeomanry ; whereas, in two hundred and forty years more, the freeholds are reduced 
 nearly one half; on!)' a single, and he a small, proprietor is resident: and thus, by the opera- 
 tion of a principle too general throughout the kingdom, " nobile illud decus ac robur Angliae, 
 nomen inquam yomannorum Anglorum, fractum ac collisum est."* 
 
 An indigent and selfish tenantry, little solicitous about any thing but to extract from the 
 earth, by the most short-sighted and ruinous husbandry, what it will yield from year to year, 
 are wretched substitutes for the owners themselves, who have a permanent interest in the im- 
 provement of their properties : the descendants of imprudent or unfortunate farmers swell the 
 list of paupers: mendicancy and swindling are encouraged, in order to diminish the poor-rates; 
 the sick and aged, neglected or oppressed; no object of respect, no example of decorum, no 
 friend of humanity is at hand ; and thus a deserted village, deserted I mean by those who, from 
 their property or influence, might either employ, protect, or humanize the poor, becomes at 
 once a nuisance to its neighbours, and a burden to itself. 
 
 In this township is Rowley, the property and long the residence of the Halsteds, a branch 
 from High Halsted, but now, like too many old and respectable mansions, mourning the 
 absence of its owner, though tlie situation is exceeded by none in the neighbourhood, warm, 
 sequestered, and environed by rising oak woods, to the growth of which the soil is peculiarly 
 favourable. The date upon the front of the house, a plain, strong, hall-like dwelling, is 159.'^. 
 By deed, without date, Robert de Lacy, who died II93, grants to Osward Brun, half a caru- 
 cate in Brerecleve, and one essart called Ruhlie. 
 
 * Ascliam, Ep. Comm. ad Due. Som. 
 
 The
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY 
 
 383 
 
 The descent of Halsteds, of Rowley, from a roll in the possession of the family, is the 
 
 following 
 
 William Halsted,=5=. . 
 3 Hen. V. 
 
 I ■ ' 
 
 Oliver Hal^te(l, (iied=p. 
 13 Hen. VIII. I 
 
 I . — I 
 
 Laurence Halsted, ]iving=5= Richard. 
 
 5 Hen. VIII. | 
 
 r ' 
 
 George. 
 
 I 
 Edward. 
 
 Oliver Halsted, living==.'\nn Barcroft. 
 28 Hen. VIII. 
 
 John Halsted. :^Mary, daughter of 
 Laurence Seller, 
 of 20 Eliz. 
 
 Ellen.=Richard Folds, of 
 Dancer House, 
 22 Eliz, 
 
 Ellen.=:Hugli Cuner, of 
 Kildwick, 30 
 Eliz. 
 
 J.Hal-: 
 sted, 
 born 
 1579, 
 died 
 about 
 162S. 
 
 :Marv, dau. 
 of .'.... 
 Green- 
 wood, of 
 Learings, 
 near Hep- 
 tenstall. 
 
 r I 
 
 ].,au- Annc,= 
 rence. born 
 15S1. 
 
 -...Hay- 
 dock, of 
 Hesan- 
 forthe. 
 
 — I 
 
 George, 
 
 (lied 
 young. 
 
 Doio-=l. Sellers. 2. 
 thy, Aynsworih, 
 born ofPlcasing- 
 15S8. ton. 3. 
 Houghton. 
 A\\ of Lan- 
 cashire. 
 
 T r 
 Nathaniel, 
 
 born 
 
 1593. 
 George, 
 
 ir)95. 
 
 Mary, Ellen,=. . . Hough- 
 1598. IIJOI. ton, of the 
 family of 
 Houghton 
 Tower. 
 
 I.Hester,: 
 dau.of VV. 
 Cooke, of 
 Manches- 
 ter. 
 
 J.Hal-: 
 sted *. 
 
 :2. Eleanor, 
 dau.ofJohn 
 'J'ownley,of 
 ihir>t\vood. 
 
 ~r 
 
 Anne,; 
 born 
 1596-. 
 
 I \ 
 
 ::Roger Gel- Geoige, Sarah, 
 librand, of born 1611. 
 Beard- 1609. 
 
 worth. 
 
 Mary, 
 1613, 
 died 
 young. 
 
 Wil- 
 liam, 
 1614, 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 Mar), 
 1G17. 
 
 ' 7 
 
 John, died 
 
 vouno-. 
 
 Laurence Halsted, born 1C38,: 
 keeper of the records in the 
 Tower of London. 
 
 John, died 
 an infant. 
 
 1 
 
 Laurence, ilied 
 an infant. 
 
 :Alice, daughter of John 
 Barcroft, Esq. a branch 
 from Lod"e. 
 
 1 
 
 Hesther, died 
 an infant. 
 
 1 1 
 
 Laurence, Hester, 
 1619, set- 1621, 
 tied in Ja- died 
 maica. unniar- 
 
 — I 1 ried. 
 
 I 
 
 John. 
 
 Matthias. 
 
 Charles Halsted, born 1675,::^Isabel, daughter of . . . Banister, 
 died 1732. I of Altham, Esq. 
 
 I 
 
 Banister Halsted.: 
 
 Charles, died s. p. 
 
 1 
 
 Nicholas 
 
 Charles Halsted, ])os- 
 sestcd of the estate, 
 but (lied s. p. 
 
 "T 
 
 Laurence Halsted, died s. p. Feb. 1786, having=:Elizabeth, daughter of 
 passed over Banister, the heir at law, and .-Vrlhur Asshton, of 
 devised the estates to Nicholas. Cockerham, Gent. 
 
 Laurence, 
 
 Banister, drowned 
 Nov. 1798. 
 
 — I 
 
 Nicholas Halsted, possessed of th 
 estate in 1798. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Henry. 
 
 I 
 
 Charles. 
 
 Laurence Halsted-:pAnna, youngest daughter of John Preston, Esq. 
 I of Bradford, Yorkshire, died Feb. 23, 1810. 
 
 I 
 
 Elizabeth, died an infant. 
 
 Charles 
 
 \ — I — I 
 
 Ellen-Esther. 
 
 Jane. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 — n 
 Harriot-.\nne. 
 Amelia-Mary. 
 
 * The following memorandum, in the hand-writing of John Halsted, father of Laurence, the keeper of the Tower 
 
 records, proves, that Prince Rupert's army marched through Lancashire and the adjoining parts of Yorkshire, in two 
 
 divisions : 
 
 " Mem. That about 24th June, 1C44, I had taken from Swinden, by Prince Rupert's foorces, five beasts, to the 
 
 value of j^.20. Item, one horse from Rowley, by the said Prince's foorces, to the value of ^.2. Item, about the 
 
 I had taken from Swinden, by the garrison of Skipton, 10 oxen and two other beasts, to the value of ^^.45. 
 
 as the market was then. 
 
 " Item, the plunder of my house (meaning probably at Swinden), at their pleasure, which I know not how to value." 
 It is pleasing to observe, that Laurence Halsted, son of this sufferer from the King's forces, was so steady a royalist 
 
 as to be excepted, according to Whitlock, out of all acts of indemnity in the treaties between Chuilcs I, and the 
 
 Parliament, 
 
 Within
 
 384 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.—Chap. Ill- 
 
 Within the hamlet of Worstlioni, is Hurstwood, another instance of the composition of 
 local names so often remarked, by translating a word originally significant, and descriptive of 
 some striking circumstance or appearance ahoiit a place, but become unintelligible by length of 
 time and change of language: the Saxon Hujij-r or Hyjij-r merely denoting a IFood*. The 
 village, however, has now completely lost its claim to the appellation. Hurstwood Hall, a 
 strong and well-built old house, bearing on its front, in large characters, the name of Barnard 
 Townley, its founder, was, for several descents, the property and residence of a family, branched 
 out from the parent stock of Townley, in the person of 
 
 John Townley, third son of Sir Richard Townley,::^ 
 
 of Townley, died Sept. 156'2. j 
 
 Barnard To\vnley,=pAgnes, daughter and coheiress of Johanna.=I\Ir. Richard Shut- 
 
 died 1(J02. Mr. George Ornierind, of Or- tleworth. 
 
 ! meroyd, died 15SG. 
 
 I ' 1 1 1 1 
 
 John Townlev,=pEleanor, daughter of Mr. Simon Hay- Bernard, Bernard, Anne.^Mi-. Heniy Richard, born 
 died 1627. | dock, of Hesandforth. died infants. Banistei-. 15/1. 
 
 I ' 1 ' i i 1 1 
 
 John Tounlev, born l.'599,=pEIeanor, daugliti r of Nicliolas Barnard. Eleanor. Mary. Agnes. Jane, 
 died Julv 16G4. Grimsliaw, of Clayton, F.scj. 
 I died Nov. 1G5S. 
 
 I • ' 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 JohnTownIev,boni=pKatharine,dau.of Bernard, Elea-=Mr. John Martha, Barnard, Agnea.=Mr. John Whi- 
 
 1631, died before 
 his father, -Alav 3, 
 16(54. 
 
 Mr. t Gcutfiy liorn IG'i4, nor. Halstcd. born 1C34, 163'. taker, of 
 
 Rushton, of died an 1630. living Broad- 
 
 Antley. infant. 170S. C'lough. 
 
 I ' 1 1 1 
 
 John Townley, Esq.=pE!len, daughter of Mr. Brooke, of Eleanor, died young, Eleanor. Elizabeth, died 
 died April, 1704 ^. Newhouse. near Hudderstield, Feb. 16.56-7. 167S. 
 
 I Aug. 4, 16S1. 
 
 I ;;; 
 
 Ellen. ^John Wilkinson, of Greenhead, Catheiine, had the oilier nioiety=:Richard Whyte, Esq. Deputy Governor of 
 
 in the county of York, Esq. had of the manor df Deighton, the Tower of London. He devised 
 
 the manor of Daltoii, and moi- with Hurstwood and Dun- Hurstwood Hall, &c. to Richard Chaui- 
 
 ely of the nianorof Deighton. nockshaw, living A. D. 1/43. berlain. Surgeon, his nephew. § 
 
 By the great Inquisition of 13 U, it was found that Oliver de Stansfeud held half a carucate 
 in Worsthorn. The enclosed lands in this township are since increased to 6)00 acres, 8 poles, 
 Lancashire measure, and the whole, including the commons, consists of more than I700 acres. 
 
 Thouo^h the mineralogy of the parish does not immediately fall in with the plan of this 
 work, it mav not be improper to notice, under the township of Brierclifte, a mode of obtaining 
 limestone, peculiar, so far as I know, to that and a few adjoining districts. In the deep gullies 
 within Cliviger, Worsthorn, BriercliflTe, &c. which have been furrowed out by the long con- 
 tinued descent of mountain torrents to the West, are found, irregularly scattered, vast beds of 
 limestone, evidently detached from their parent rocks, and worn, by gradual attrition, to a 
 
 * But in some old charters it is spelt Hirtswood, which I am inclined to think was tlie genuine orthography of the 
 word, from jjs'jjir, ceicus. 
 
 f At Haslingilen, by Laurence Rawsthorne, Esq. .a Justice of the Peace, Oct. "27, 1656. Reg. Whalley. The well- 
 known jiractice of the usurp;itioii. 
 
 + He was bulled at Hudderslield. 
 
 § By whose representatives it wiis sold to William Sutcliffe, of Burulcy and Barwick, of Leeds, for about 3000i. ; 
 and in January, 1803, to Charles Townley, esq. for 4000/. It consists of 45 Lancashire acres, 
 
 pebbly
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 385 
 
 pebbly form. These are now deposited at random in beds of clay or other loose matter; and 
 the land which contains them beinq; of little value, they have been from time to time disinterred 
 by hushing or washing away the soil from reservoirs collected above, the outlets of which are 
 directed at pleasure, and pointed with much dexterity, at the remaining beds. 
 
 Amidst the scenes of desolation which this strange process has occasioned, the broad beds 
 of gravelly stones tossed about as in the abandoned course of some great river, the fantastical 
 directions which the streams have successively taken, and sometimes insulated masses of earth 
 or limestone, terminating in sharp ridges by the gradual attrition of their sides, exhibit a novel 
 and striking appearance, such as is rarely produced by any artificial cause. 
 
 But the streams beneath are almost perpetually discoloured and deformed by this uncleanly 
 operation, which is carried on near their sources; and from which, the connivance of centuries 
 has left tlie inhabitants upon tiieir banks below without hopes of redress. 
 
 In a work of this nature, professedly written for amusement, and of which even the in- 
 formation claims only to be of the lighter kind, a serious mind will sometimes feel itself called 
 home to reflections of more importance. And, in taking leave of this district, ten times more 
 extensive than many Southern parishes *, it is impossible not to lament the efi'ects which the 
 want of a place of worship, and the consequent omission of religious duties, together with the 
 non-residence of all the principal proprietors, have had both upon the maimers and morals of 
 the neglected inhabitants. 
 
 Where true religion takes possession of the heart, it requires no aid from inferior principles ; 
 a Christian is already a good neighbour, a good citizen, an honest man : Where this is wanting, 
 authority and example, such as are produced by the intermixture of regular families in the 
 middle ranks, powerfully contribute to external decency and the comforts of the present life: 
 Where neither of these principles has scope to operate, nothing remains to render society 
 tolerable but the strong coercion of laws executed with promptitude and vigour. Even the 
 last is wanted here! 
 
 PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY OF COLNE. 
 
 COLNE. 
 
 Following the course of the Pendle water, improperly taken for one of the branches of the 
 Calder, " and thence," as Harrison saith, " one water that cometh by Wicoler," we arrive at 
 Colne, a considerable market town, advantageously situated on a dry and elevated ridge. 'Jhis 
 is unquestionably the Culunio of the anonymous Ravtnnas (See the Chapter of Roman Anii- 
 auiTiEs), and was probably never abandoned entirely in the long and obscure period of Saxon 
 history. Ecclcsia de Calna is expressly mentioned in the charter of Hugh de la \'al, which 
 
 * By the Inquisition of IGoO, Lambeth MSS. it is found, that " tlic Chapd of Holme has no ministtr or mainte- 
 nance j that the inhabitants of Cliviger, Worsthorn, and Hurstwcod, desire to be made a pailsh, and that cliapcl to 
 be erected into a pari-h church." This could have done no good, as the chapel was equally remote with Burnley, 
 from the two latter places. 
 
 3 D was
 
 S86 HISTORY OF WHALUEY. [Book IV— Chap. III. 
 
 was probably not sixty years posterior to the Conquest ; and, as it was a chapel dependent 
 upon Whalley, the silence of Domesday Book with respect to it by no means thsproves its 
 existence at an earlier period. Here was one of the four manor-houses of the Lacies, from 
 which several of their charters are dated, now, in the ujutability of all human things, degraded 
 into the workhouse of the town *. 
 
 The ancient state of property here is well ascertained by the Inquisition post mortem of 
 the last Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, 4th Edward H. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 One capital messuage, or manor-house, worth, ultra reprisas, - 
 251 acres of demesne lands demised to divers tenants at will - 9 3 S 
 10^ oxgangs in bondage - - - - - - -lllG 
 
 Works remitted - - - - - - - - -036' 
 
 14 tofts held at will -.-.----070 
 
 Two mills at Colne and Walfreden - - - - -500 
 
 Mol. Folreticum, /. e. fulling mill '}~- - - - -068 
 
 Halmot of Coin and Walfreden, cum membris - - - 1 
 
 FREE TENANTS. 
 
 Rob. de Emott, 10 acres _ _ _ - 
 
 Adam, son of Nic. de Holden, 30 acres 
 
 Rob. de Catlow, I6 acres - _ _ - 
 
 Richard, son of Alan de Alcancoats, 32 acres - 
 
 William, son of Adam de Alcancoats, 17 acres 
 
 Richard, son of Adam Ayre, 20 acres 
 
 Adam, son of Peter de Alcancoats, 23 acres - 
 
 This, like all the chapels of the old foundation, was robbed of its glebe, and converted 
 into a mere pensionary establishment at the appropriation. This glebe consists of about 3G acres, 
 or two bnvates, the almost unvarying allotment to these old endowments, and an adequate and 
 plentiful provision for the wants of an unmarried incumbent. 
 
 The Church of Colne, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, is a spacious and decent building, 
 which seems to have been restored about the time of Henry VH. or \^\\\. though three 
 massy cylindrical columns on the North side are genuine remains of the original structure. 
 The font is angular, and bears the arms of Townley, and the cypher Lr. probably for Lau- 
 
 * It has since been removed. 
 
 t This implies a manufacture of cloth here at a very early period, and plainly contradicts the gt-nerally received 
 opinion, that English wool was universally nianufecttired in Flanders, till tlio Act of tlic loiii Edward III. inviting over 
 Flemish manufacturers, and granting them considerable ])rivileges. The first fulling-mill known to have been erected 
 in the parish of Halifax, was l/th Edward IV. See Watson's History of Halifax, p. 6G. 
 
 \ Taking this at a carucate, the oxgang must ha\e been eighteen acres, which exceeds the usual proportion. 
 
 rence 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 
 - 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 Sum total 
 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 loi
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 387 
 
 rence Townley, the first of Barnside: the carved work of the screen and lattice which sur- 
 rounds three sides of the quire is extremely elegant, and precisely of the same pattern with 
 that of the chapel at Townley, which I have assigned to the latter end of Henry VIII. Here 
 are two chantries : that on the North side of the quire * belonging to the Banisters, of Parkhill ; 
 that on the South, to the Townleys, of Barnside -|~. Against the East wall of the North 
 chapel is a singular inscription, cut upon oak, of which the ground has originally been Vermil- 
 lion, and the letters illumined. 
 
 It is, I think, clearly to be read as follows : 
 
 '• <©ua[ibu^ in coelo prccibus ^'uccurrere mun&o 
 + 
 
 ^ ' * * • • > • • • 
 
 J^ac recitarc tia DcbriS Ictarc JKaria 
 S-artoa^ ir.tcntii Diluit i[(a manu 
 IfiirO gcnitrir Cljristi IDUljclimim Dcprccor aufti 
 Be .^uperct mori^ mc birgo paren.s' rctmc." 
 
 The whole was evidently a prayer addressed to the ^'irgin, by one Hyrd §, probably 
 a chaplain or chantry priest of the place against diabolical illusions (larvas) in the hour of 
 death. 
 
 In the 8th of Edward III. I find ]| that John de Haslingden, and Adam de Swyne, chap- 
 lains, as I conjecture, of Colne, for the chaplains of the place were the usual trustees upon 
 these occasion.*, granted certain lands and tenements in Blakey, in conformity to the will of 
 Ric. de Merclesden, deceased, to one John de Merclesden, for the term of his life, and after 
 his decease, to find one chaplain who should celebrate, for the soul of the said Richard and 
 Avice his wife, their children, ancestors, and all the faithful, deceased, in the church of 
 Colone or Brougliton, or in the chapel of the manor-house of Ric. de Broughton, or at Swyn- 
 den. Whether this foundation actually took effect, or where, I have not learned. 
 
 The incumbents of this church, so far as their names and other circumstances relating to 
 them can now be recovered, are as follows : 
 
 Roger Blakey, 15 56. 
 
 Richard Brierlev occurs at the commencement of the register, A. D. 1."),').9 ; he was interred 
 Feb. 2, 16'35, near the vestry door, with an, inscription which is yet partly legible. 
 
 Thomas Warriner, A. M. of whom I learn, from Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, that 
 he was known to Archbishop Laud, and that, in the year IG45, (with this circumstance 
 
 * At the allotment of the pews in this church by John Townley, of Townley, esq. in \r>70, I find mentioned " St. 
 Cyte's Ouire;" but it does not apjiear whether it was that on the North or South side. A Si. Sitha occurs in the Ro- 
 mish Bederoll : Enchiridion jiraeclaroe Eccl'ae Sarum, 1.5*28. 
 
 t In a flat stone within this choir is a cross fleury, and round the verge an inscription in the character of Edward 
 the Si.\th's time, or thereabouts, now become very obscure, but the words Thompson and Esholt are plainly legible. 
 Now I find that in l.')47, the site of the nunnery of Esholt was granted to Henry Thompson, Gens d'Arms, at Bole)Ti, 
 who, by Hellen, diiiffhter of Laurence Townley, of Barnside, had a son William. In this chapel there is only one 
 other memorial of the family, dated 1677. » 
 
 J The fir>t pentameter line is wanting. 
 
 § A William Hyrd was presented by Abbot Paslew and the burgesses of Clitheroe, to the chantry of St. Nicholas, of 
 
 Edisforth, A. D. 1508. I suspect him to be the same person, and to have been afterwards removed to CoUie. 
 
 II Townley IMSS. G. 26. 
 
 accords
 
 388 HISTORY OF WHALLKY. [Book IV.— C'hai-. III. 
 
 aecords the alteration in the Registrar's band, March 30, \G45,) he was, in the time of divine 
 service, dragged out of the desk by two soldiers, who pursued him down the aisle, and owned 
 that tliey had intended to (ire upon him, had not some of tlie congregation restrained them : 
 after this he fled mto Yorkshire, where he is supposed to have died, as he never rtturned to 
 Colne, and was succeeded by one Hormcks. Thus Dr. Walker. But the immediate successor 
 of Mr. Warriner was 
 
 Thomas Whalley, interred here Feb. 22, l646'-7, which is all I have learnt concerning 
 him. Upon his demise entered the above-mentioned 
 
 John Horrocks, A. M. a Puritan, from Horrocks-hall, styled in the Inquisition of 1652, 
 " an able divine," though he is said by Walker to have been ignorant and immoral in a hio-h 
 degree. But it was enough for these Commissioners that he was a determined partizan of the 
 governing powers ; yet he conformed when many better men resigned their preferments, and 
 died minister of Colne, Sept. 7, 1667, aged 77. 
 
 There is an absurd and bombastic epitaph over him which I shall not transcribe. To him 
 succeeded 
 
 James Hargreaves, a native and schoolmaster of this place, interred Jan. 11th, iGy^, with 
 this testimony in the register, which I sincerely hope he deserved : " Fidelis hujus ecclesiae 
 pastor." The next minister was 
 
 Thomas Tatham, son of Christopher Tatham, of Otterburn, in Craven, afterwards vicar 
 of Almondbury, in Yorkshire ; he resigned this living in 1708-J), and died at Ahnondbury 
 about the year 1716. To him succeeded, April 2, 170y, 
 
 John Barlow, born at Ilarvvood, near Blackburn, and educated at Glasgow ; he was in- 
 terred here, April 10, 1727, with this eulogy in the register, " fidelis laboriosusque hujus 
 ecclesiae pastor." 
 
 Thomas Barlow, his son and successor, survived him only a few weeks, and was interred 
 May 5th, following. Next followed 
 
 Henry Smalley, interred Feb. 3d, 173I-2. Then 
 
 William Norcross, who, after many altercations with his parishioners, died in the Fleet 
 Prison, in 174I ; and was succeeded by 
 
 George White, A. .M. educated at Dovvay for orders in the Church of Rome, but, upon 
 his recantation, was noticed by Archbishop Potter, who recommended him to the Vicar of 
 Whalley. He was the translator of Thurlow's Letters into Latin, and the editor of a news- 
 paper called the Mercurius Latinus : a man neither devoid of parts nor literature, but child- 
 ishly ignorant of common life, and shamefully inattentive to his duty, which he frequently 
 abandoned for weeks together to such accidental assistance as the parish could procure. On 
 one occasion he is said to have read the funeral service more than twenty times in a single night 
 over the dead bodies which had been interred in his absence. With these glaring imperfections 
 in his own character, he sought to distinguish himself by a riotous opposition to the Me- 
 thodists, then almost an infant sect, who took advantage, as might be expected, of his absence 
 and misconduct, under the direction of Mr. Grimshaw, an earnest, sincere man, of whom I 
 have so good an opinion as to believe that, had he lived till now to see the consequence of 
 those eccentricities in which he allowed himself^ he would have altered his conduct, and con- 
 tented himself with a better-regulated zeal. His life (that of Mr. (jrimshaw) has been written 
 
 by
 
 Book IV^— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEV. 389 
 
 by the late Rev. Mr. Newton, in a series of Letters to the Rev. Henry Forster, but in a spirit 
 for which the serious and regular Clergy owe neither the one nor the other any obligations. 
 Who can forbear to express his surprize, when lie hears one clergyman relating to another, 
 with apparent satisfaction, the boast of a third, that, amongst the other fruits of his ministrv, 
 he had to number five converts who were become teachers of dissenting congreoations ? * 
 
 * In an account of local circumstances and manners like tlie piesent work, such an instance of rcli};ious eccen- 
 tricity would have been entitled to nothing more thiin a transient animadversion : but, as a very large body of men 
 has lately ri?en uj) in the busoiii of the Establishment, who allow themselves more or less to act ii])on the same princi- 
 ples, — as an opinion has gone forth in consequence, that the English Clergy are now divided into two great bodies, 
 one consisting of those who inculcate the doctrines, but neglect the discipline of the Clunch ; tlic other, who main- 
 tain her discipline, but explain away her doctrines — it seems to be an object of general importance to state this 
 matter with perspicuity and precision. 
 
 In nn impartial and succinct history (as it is entitled) of the Church of Christ, lately published by the llev. Mr. 
 Haweis, we are told, " that the number of Evangelical ministers is of late amazingly increased ;" they are described as 
 carefully conforming to established rules, and strictly regular, yet everywhere objects of if ])roach, because their con- 
 duct reflects on those who will not follow their exam|)les. They labour under many discouragements. They have 
 often been treated by their diocesans with much insolence and oppression ; and, though " they can number no bishop, 
 nor scarcely a dignitary among them, yet their number, strength, and respectability, continue increasing." Such is 
 the character here given of this body of men. 
 
 The effects of their ministry are next described ag follows : " By the labours of these most excellent men, the con- 
 gregations of Methodists and Dissenters are greatly enlarged; and though, during their lives and incumbency, they 
 fill their churches, yet on their death or removal, they unintentionally add the most serious part of their flocks to their 
 (Dissenting) brethren who are of a like spiiit." 
 
 The assertions contained in the last ])aragraph, are unquestionably true; and, wherever the blame lies, will, per- 
 haps, account for souie part of that discountenance coniplainetl of above. 
 
 But, witli respect to those in the former, I would ask, wliether it can be proved that tliis body of men are objects 
 of reproach, or treated with insolence and oppression, merelv because they are serious and devout , abstracted from the 
 world and its pleasures, or because tliey preach according lo the articles ot their oun churcli, while at the same time 
 they carefully conform to established rules, and are strictly regular? But, among this great body, all of whom are 
 represented as j)artal\ing of the same consistent and excellent character, are there none who lia\e di-grace<l the Gospel 
 by their licentious lives r none, who have obtained their preferments by simony, or hold tiieni by fr lud ? Is it, or is it 
 not irregular in clergymen to preach in dissenting places of worship, or even to fre(|uent them ? to baptize without 
 sponsors? to expound the lessons? Discountenance, surely, is the slightest aniniad\ersiun to «hich such conduct is 
 entitled, and, perhaps, in the present state of manners and discipline, it is the lieaNiest that will be iriflicted. 
 
 Again, we are told, " that these men have been treated by their diocesans with much insolence ;" but are there no 
 instances in which their diocesans have been treated with insolence by them r 
 
 And, is a style of speaking, in which they are known to indulge, of this jjrophane, or that ignorant bishop, 
 either seemly in itself, or alwavs concealed from their superiors? If they complain of the hauteur of rank, is not the 
 inflation of low popidarity more offensive ? Or, if they are really conscious that their ministry, zealous and earnest as 
 it is allowed to be, has a tendency to swell the number of Dissenting congregations when tliey are succeeded in their 
 pulpits by men of different jninciple^, do they guard against these abuses by faithfully inculcating the nature of a Church, 
 the sin of schism, the duty of conformity ? — nay, do they believe that there exists such a sin or such a duty ? And yet are 
 not the go\ernors of the church placed in their important stations to preserve this very conformity ? Can they, there- 
 fore, do less tlian discountenance those who, under the character of ministers of the G<)S))cl, a|)pear to have forgotten 
 another character, to support which they are fed, namely, that of ministers of the Church of England by law established ? 
 
 On the other hand, it may be asked, whether there is not another and a ven general kind of irregidarity, little con- 
 sidered in that light, by which is meant non-conformity to the doctrines of the Church, either in preaching mere mo- 
 rality, or a system of modern Christianity, radically different from the letter as well as spirit of those articles, which all 
 clergymen ha\c subscribed ? Is not this conduct etjually dishonourable and more pernicious than the former ? Ought it 
 not to be opposed at least by ef^ual discouragements ? 
 
 The
 
 390 
 
 HISTORY OF WIIALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 But to return. Mr. White, after one of his excursions, made his appearance with a 
 madam Hellen Maria Piazza, an Italian gouvernantc, whom he married at Marsden, March 
 23d, 1744-5. He died at Langroyd, and was interred in Ins own cliurch, April 2y, 17Jl. 
 His successor was 
 
 The docuines of our Articles arc indeed preached alike by the Evangelic clergy, as they are called, liy the more 
 serious and orthodox Dissenters, and by a third description of persons who will next be adverted to. 
 
 And such is their ellicacy upon the heart, that when once deeply hnbibed from the lips of an established minister, 
 upon his decease or removal, if not succeeded by a person equally f.iilliful and zealous, the people, supposing them 
 not well princijiled in the nature of conformity, will seek for similar instructions where they can lind them. But 
 then 1 a'sert that there are clergymen in the Established Church, who, within the pale of order, faithfully 
 preach the doctrines of their Church and of the Gospel, without discountenance from their superior.-. ; because they 
 labour at the same time to inculcate principles of obedience and conformity to every oidinance of man, ecclesiastical 
 and civil, for conscience sake; labour to piovide for the conlingence of an unfaithful successor, set before their people 
 the consequences and the sin of schism, shew them that the character of a clergyman vitiates not the efficacy of the 
 sacraments, debases not the spiiit of the liturgy, and that the sermon, though an edifying ami instructive, is not the 
 only or even principal part of jmblic worshi)i. When questioned as to the lawfulness of schism, even in extreme cases 
 (that is, where the terms of conloriuity ate not sinful), they will uniformly prohibit it ; shew the jjossibility of a reli- 
 gious congregation of strict conformists, subsisting under an irreligious minister, and teach the people to expect a 
 blessing fiimi God, upon an humble spirit of order and obedience, under circumstances ever so disadvantageous, rather 
 than in that intractable humour of self-will and separation, which is going on rapidly to the destruction of all 
 religion. 
 
 Here, indeed, a real and great difficulty presents itself to the consideration of every serious minister in the Establisli- 
 nient ; for, on the one hand, men are not to be left to perish in ignorance, in order to preserve an establishment j and, 
 on the other, they are not deliberately to be driven into schism, to save their souls*; yet those only who have tried 
 the experiment, are acquainted with the ditlieulty of instilling a real sense of religion into minds almost entirely go- 
 verned by animal feeling, without setting their spirits afloat, and producing a tendency to enthusiasm and disorder. 
 Love of novelty, impatience of restiaint, artful in>iiiuations, all operate in the same direction; and nothing but con- 
 stant attention and ati'ectionate exhortations, mingled with temi)erate authority in the established minister, can coun- 
 teract that centrifugal force (if it may be so called) in religion, whi( h is constantly operating to the dissolution, not 
 only of establishments, but even of ancient sects themselves. This is undoubtedly a difTiciilt work, and will not, it 
 must be confessed, alwa}s be s\iecessful. What then is to be done ? 
 
 To this question four answers will be retained : for, in the first place, the Politician will reply, '• Do nothing, and 
 preserve the Establishment." The Enthusiast will next exclaim, " Away with Establishments from the earth, and leave 
 us to save souls in everyplace, and by e\eiy instrument — a method which God lias been pleased signally to own and bless." 
 
 A third description of persons will say, " Let us not refuse the wages of an Establishment; but let us not be fet- 
 tered by its restraints ; let us accept the care of a parish, but, as opportunity offers, make excursions into wider fields 
 of spiritual usefulness; let us accept of churches, as spacious buildings, afibrding to us opportunities of haranguing 
 greater numbers than we coukl otherwise collect, and nothing more. With a church in any other sense than a com- 
 modious edifice with a certain stijiend annexed to it, we have little concern." 
 
 Lastly, every truly serious and conscientious INlinister of the Establishment will reply, " The dispensation of the 
 Gospel has been committed to mc within a certain district, and under certain forms and limitations : 1 owe, under the 
 most solemn obligations, obedience to my immediate superiors in the church, and conformity to all its established 
 rules : here I have no option — I eat my bre.id on that condition — if I transgress it I am a dishonest man — I see 
 indeed the genuine doctrines of my own Church entirely neglected by some of its ministers, and mingled with fanati- 
 cism, democracy, or other poisonous combinations, by others: nevertheless I know them to be the word of truth — I 
 will, by God's grace, not reject, but se|iarate them from these admixtures, preach them boldly, yet rationally; and 
 if, in so doing, my motives are mistaken, my principles decried, and myself am classed with a sect to which I do not 
 belong, I will be.ar my cross in patience. 
 
 • Because tlin particular good iiroposed would be overbalanced by the general bad coiisequei^ces of schism, as more souls would be 
 lost than gained on the whole. 
 
 Yet
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 39 1 
 
 Roger Wilson, LL.B. of Emanuel College, Cambridge, a younger son of the family of 
 Esliton, near Gargreve ; he died at Otley, and was interred there March iSth, 1789, aged 
 77 years. The last incumbent was 
 
 Yet this is not all my duty: 1 am well aware that, unJer lively impressions of religion from llie--e awful truthi^, 
 the people committed to my charge will, after my decease or removal, be tempted to seek foi' that comfort clsewherCj 
 wliich it is possible they may no longer receive in the Church : I will therefore prepare them for that contingence ; I 
 will not fear the common accusation of bigotry from lax and licentious men ; I will endeavour to instil into my people 
 the nature and the rights of a Church, as distinct from a Sect ; will shew them the excellence of their own liturgy, 
 articles, and homilies ; prove to them how much fewer of the means of edification than they suppose are lost by the 
 removal of a religious pastor; how much remains in their own power; and, when I feel ni>5elf about to be takeu 
 away, will conjure them by their baptism, condrmation, and communion with the church — by all the blessings they 
 have received, and all the delusions they have escaped within its pale, — wherein they have bevn called, therein to abide 
 with God. 
 
 I will endeavour, as fur as they are capable of imderstanding the argument, to actjuaint them with the nature and 
 history of schisms ; to shew them that they have uniforiidy had their origin in the corrupt passions of men, in enthu- 
 siasm, presumption, obstinacy, — and have ended in heresy and irreligion ; that, while great part of the comforts which 
 men profess to enjoy, who have struck off into these devious paths, probably arises from the complacence naturally 
 felt in following our own wayward wills ; no temper w ill so soon draw down a blessing from God, as that « hich leads 
 them in humility and order to acquiesce in the present apjrointment of Providence, to pray indeed for a restoration of 
 their former advantages, and, in the mean while, to edify one another. 
 
 To do justice to a subject, which the present awful state of our ecclesiastical establishment renders peculiarly in- 
 teresting, vvoulil require a volume. The foregoing observations, indeed, already exceed the legitimate bounds of a 
 note ; yet I am tempted to trespass still farther. 
 
 The Governors of the Church complain, and surely with reason, that an order of men is rapid!) increasing within 
 the Establi-^hment, who, to use the lightest terms of disapprobation, have too little reverence for their authority, or 
 for the constitution, forms, and ordinances, of that venerable body to which they belong. 
 
 Fnmi generous or conscientious minds they will undoubtedly receive the most v dnable .ipeiie.s of obedience, namely, 
 that which is paid under the sense of its being due to a Power little able to enforce its own right» ; for it must not 
 be dissembled, that the Government of the English Church is at present too much luider the influence of Erastian prin- 
 ciples, controlled, that is, by the Civil Power in matters purely Spiritual. 
 
 But, on the other hand, it should be remembered, that one great cause of this lamentable defection from the 
 Church, is, an internal decay in \igour and in spirit, which must be mortal if not opposed by well-timed and skilful 
 remedies ; that, notwithstanding the inmiense quantity of patronage in private hands — notwithstanding the scandalotM 
 traffic carried on in things sacred, and the utter inattention to merit, especially to Clerical merit, in conferring bene- 
 fices so circumstanced; yet a power remains with the Governors of the Church, which woidd, if vigiirou.'ly exerted, go 
 fiir towards redressing the evil. Thus, for example, if, in conferring Holy Orders, an authority which the Civil Power 
 hath left untouched in the hands of its proper depositaries, attention were always paid to the seriousness and religious 
 views of the candidate, as well as his literary qualilicalions; and still farther, if, in the (lis|)0sal of Episcopal pi-efer- 
 ments, it were uniformly the first object to place in the important charge of Parishes, none but those who their 
 patrons were persuaded would watch for men's suuls, as they who must give account; if, in comparison of this great 
 object, family interests, solicitation of friends, and even the powerful claim of literary luerit, as vmconnectetl with 
 Clerical usefulness, were conscientiously postponed, the Church might indeed perish, — but its Governors would have 
 delivered their own souts. 
 
 Again. In popidous manufacturing towns especially, the number of dissenters is perpetually increasing, merely in 
 consequence of want of accommodation in churches. The erection of new places of worship upon the Establishment 
 shouUl therefore be encouraged and assisted; a permanent interest in such foundations should be held out as an in- 
 ducement to erect them, by granting the patronage to trustees in perpetuity : above all, free Churchei for the Poor 
 should be opened in large towns, and great care be taken to supply them with zealous and faithful, but discreet ana 
 orderly preachers. 
 
 Lastly,
 
 333 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Rook IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 Joliii Hartley, A. B. of Brazen-nose College, Oxford, who died May 22, iSlI, aged 5 1, 
 and was interred at Coliie. The present minister is Thomas Thoreshy \Miitaker, A. JM. of 
 University college, Oxford. 
 
 By Inquisition, taken at Blackburn, June 2.'), 16'50, it was found that the chapelry of 
 Colne consisted of Colne, Foulrig, ^Nlarsden and Trawden, and 400 families ; that John Hor- 
 rocks, minister, " an able divine," (see before), received ll/. lOv. per annum, from the far- 
 mers of the rectory by order of the county committee, and that these townships together 
 desire to be erected into a parish. 
 
 Lastly. A sjiirit of ornanicntal arcliitecture in new-built chuiclies should by all n)eans be discouiajrefl ; by this step 
 Religion would gain much, and Taste would suffer nothing; for, in all modern edifices of this kind, the point required 
 has been (and very properly) to compress the greatest number of people into a given ^pace; that end is scarcely com- 
 patible with graceful form or elegant proportion. But it has been the preposterous ambition of architects to make up 
 for defects in proportion by profuseness of decoration; and thus, in many instances, by columns, pilasters, pediments, 
 &c. stuck upon walls without use or meaning, they have swallowed uj) sums whiLh might have raised another edifice 
 of equal dimensions and usefulness, in turning what would otherwise have been a plain, barnlikc, unpretending, 
 serviceable building, into something like a aittun mill oriw'e. 
 
 Architects of the second or third order, return out of Italy with tlieir heads full of arcient temples, forgetting that 
 these models of symmetry and grace were never intended for the assembling of multitudes, and (h:it when once their 
 forms and proportions are violated for that purpose which became them, decorations are as preposterous as a birth-day 
 suit U|H>n the back of a clown. 
 
 A man of genius in ArchitectUTc, as in other sciences, will unite beauty and simplicity : inferior artists are evei 
 labouring to conceal jjoverty of design under elaborate ornaments: but prudence and (lolicy, good taste and religion, 
 equally dictate an aduioniiif)n to fmgaliiy and plainness, in modern ecclesiastical buildings. 
 
 In the year ISI.t one of the Norman colmnns of this church, in consequence of some recent interments near its 
 base, suddenly gaxe way, and occasioned a considerable declensi<m of the other columns North and South, so as visibly 
 to threaten the destruction of the whole edifice. I'his circumstance was highly ta\ourable to the views of a party who 
 wished for the demolition of tlie building, and the substitution of a modern erection in the slight and vicious style now 
 become so fashionable. A general meeting of all the parties interested was convoked, and the old and venerable fabric 
 was condemned. 
 
 Weighmg, however, the appearances of <leclension, and well knowing an architect whose skill and courage were ade- 
 quate to the task of restoring the whole; the Patron of the church convened a second meeting, and prevailed upon the 
 Parish to try the experiment. The manner in wliich the restoration was effeoted deserves to be remembered. First, the 
 column whose failure had occasioned all the nii.-chief having been removed, the basis appeared to have been undennhml 
 and cut away from time, in order to make loom for interments. A new and ample basis of strong masonry was now 
 laid upon the rock, and the original colunm replaced with great care and exactness. All this was easy. 
 
 But the restoration of the txvo other cohmms which had but partially declined, was (without a total demolition) a 
 much more hazardous undertaking ; the architect, however, by sharing the risque of being crushed to death with the 
 workmen, prevailed u])on them to make nairow jierforations under the basis, from North to South, through which he 
 introduced strong bars of iron. He then placed large beams of wood along the surface, from East to West, on each 
 side of the columns, and when the bars had been passed through the apertures, strapped them o\cr the beams, and 
 bound them immoveably together. By this method the columns, arches, and superincumbent walls were actually 
 suspended. 
 
 He then proceeded to withdraw the decayed bases, and the whole structure above was left visibly hanging in the air, 
 in which state it remained till new and massy bases were constructed beneath, which by strong underpinning restored 
 the inclined columns to the perpendicular. Meanwhile, during the architect's absence for a few days only, a violent 
 attempt was made to demolish the church. One of the fine carved principals was thrown down, and the walls were 
 next attacked; but hajipily the old grout-work was not of a temper to give way to any thing but gunpowder, and 
 the assailants were compelled to desi.-t. Still, however, the spirit of parly lan so high, that it was deemed necessary to 
 place a guard in the vestry by night, till the restoration was completed. 
 
 The
 
 BookIV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. S'J.'? 
 
 Tlio following are the princijoal monumental inscriptions : 
 
 Inscriptions on the Monuments belonging to the Family of 
 EMMOTT, OF EMMOTT. 
 
 Arms, 
 
 A fess engrailed, between three bulls' heads cabossed. 
 
 Between the middle aisle and this pillar 
 
 are deposited the bodies of 
 
 WiLLi.\M Emmott*, 
 
 of Eramott, in this county, Gent, buried 27th of August, 1683, and 
 
 Mary, 
 
 his wife, buried the 14th of August, 1677, 
 
 leaving issue four sons and 
 
 one daughter, viz. 
 
 William, John, Thomas, Margaret, and Christopher. 
 
 Thomas Emmott, 
 
 their third son, buried 29tli Aug. 1699, aged 29. 
 
 Hie beatae spe resurrectionis depositae sunt exuviae Gulxelmi Emmott de Emmott, generoso 
 orti sanguine. Ineunte setate. Coll. Jesu apud Cantab, sup. Ord. Commensal. Amicis delude 
 charus, vicinis utilis, omnibus hospitalis vixit, omnibusque flebilis occidit Mail I3, 
 
 . fChristi 1720'"". 
 
 Anno < ' 
 
 L^tatis SI"""- 
 
 Etiam Mariae-|- Wain house, sororis ejus, quae obiit Januarii 16"°, 
 
 fChristi 1722'"°. 
 Anno < 
 
 L^tatis ol""- 
 
 The above inscriptions are in the body of the church, and near the pulpit. 
 
 To the memory of 
 
 Richard Emmott, Esa. 
 
 late of Basinghall-street, London, 
 
 Merchant, 
 
 nephew to John and Christopher Emmott, 
 
 whose monuments are put up in 
 
 this church. 
 
 He departed this life 
 
 the fourteenth of March, 1761, in the 6otli year of his age. 
 
 And his body lies interred in the 
 
 Church of St. Michael Bassishavv, 
 
 in Basinghall-street, in 
 
 London. 
 
 * There is a difference of one <hy in the date of tliis gentkn)an's intenm-in, betwe«n liie parochial register and 
 this inscription. 
 
 f Qu. Margaret, vide stipra. 
 
 3B '"
 
 394 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Ciur. III. 
 
 In the Townley chapel, or choir, as it is generally called : 
 
 Hie sepulta jacet Jana filiaet haeres JohannisStonehewer, nuperde Barlyford in Comitat. 
 Cestriae, gen. charissima Conjux Rici. Townley de Barnside et Carrhall arm. quse obiit 21 mo. 
 Sep. anno D'ni 1677, relictis Jana et Anna filiabus suis, et simul secuin filia altera eoruin 
 Alicia isto eodem tumulo obdormiente. 
 
 In the body of the church, opposite to the pulpit : 
 
 Close to this pillar lieth the body of 
 
 Robert Parker, 
 
 late of Alkincoates, Gent, second son to Thomas Parker, of Browsholme, 
 
 in the county of York, Esq. 
 
 who departed this life, Nov. lOth, 17145 
 
 aged 52. 
 
 In the chancel : 
 
 To the memory 
 
 of 
 
 Christopher Emmott, Esa. 
 
 late of London, Merchant, 
 
 fourth and youngest son of William Emmott, of Emmott, Esq. 
 
 He had so good a judgment in mercantile affairs, 
 
 that differences between merchants 
 
 were often, by consent, referred to his determination, by which he prevented many law-suits. 
 
 He acquired a large fortune, 
 
 with a good reputation, 
 
 and diecL unmarried, the 24th of February, 1745, 
 
 in the 72d year of his age, 
 
 and was buried 
 
 in the church of St. Michael Bassishaw, 
 
 London. 
 
 Likewise to the memory 
 
 of 
 
 John Emmott, of Emmott, Esq.. 
 
 second son of 
 
 Wm. Emmott, of Emmott, Esq. 
 
 a gentleman of great piety and charity. 
 
 He left 10/. per annum to the free school of Rawden, 
 
 in the county of York, 
 
 and 10/. per annum to the school at Lanshawbridge, 
 
 in this parish. 
 
 Ht
 
 Book IV.— Chap. HI.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 395 
 
 He died, unmarried, the 21st of Oct. I746, 
 
 in the 82d year of his age, 
 
 and was buried in this church. 
 
 In gratitude to two such worthy relations, their nephew, Richard Eniinott, 
 
 hatli caused this monument to be erected. 
 
 An epitaph inscribed upon a brass plate, within the communion rails: 
 
 Hie jacet 
 
 Johannes Horrockes, 
 
 qui fuit Artium Magister 
 
 et luijus Ecciesiae Minister: vixit • 
 
 annos 77, obiit die Septeni. 7° an. Doni. l66g. 
 
 Rostra disertus amat, sic rostra Johannes amabat 
 
 Horrockes, pro rostris quippe disertus erat 
 Barnabas ille piis, Boanerges et ille profanis, 
 
 Mercurius simul ac MormoluxsTon erat. 
 Parcite Pegasides ! mihi credite, plangitis ilium 
 
 Ouem Sion aut Helicon quemquem Olinipus liabct. 
 Nee gazas Arabum, tua nee niiracula Memplii, 
 
 Sed stupet hie Seraphim quem stupuere Magi. 
 Sarcophago contenta minor, pars major Olimpo, 
 
 Utraque sed pariter dalmaticata fuit. 
 PuUulat ut Phoenix redivivus^ apostolus Horrockes 
 
 Patrizet * juvenis : fama perennis erit. -}~ 
 * Pi'o patrisset. 
 
 Contiguous to the church-yard is the grammar school, a mean and very ancient building, 
 supported upon crooks, and memorable for nothing but the education of archbishop Tillotson, 
 whose mother was a Nutter of Pendle forest. 
 
 In the township of Colne are three very ancient mansions — Berneseie, now Barnside, 
 Emmot, and Alcancoats. 
 
 The 6rst| of these, in a high and naked situation, contiguous to the moors of Yorkshire, 
 belonged to the priory of St. John, of Pontefract, a circumstance which undoubtedly gave 
 name to the neighbouring house of Monkrode, upon the same estate. Under the priory it 
 appears to have been held for two or three generations by the Townleys, a branch from the 
 original house of Townley ; but, upon the dissolution of monasteries, the manor of Bernesete, 
 with its appurtenances, was granted by letters patent § of Henry V'HI. anno regni 36, to John 
 Braddyll, of Whalley, Gent, one of the original grantees of Whalley abbey. From the Brad- 
 dylls, I suppose the manor to have been sold to the Townleys, who were probably lessees only 
 under the priory. The descent of this branch is as follows : 
 
 f I have now printed this epitaph on account of its extreme absurdity. It is one of the most extravagant pieces cf 
 Ijombast that I liave ever met with. 
 
 I This was probably an early grant of the Lacies to that foundation, but has never occurred to inc. 
 ^ Braddyll MSS. No. 57, pen. auct. 
 
 Laurence
 
 VJG 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book 1V\— Chap. ill. 
 
 Lavirence Townley, living 14 Edw. IV. second son of JohnTowiiJey,^. 
 ofTownley, esq. by Isabel Sheiburne, of Stonyhurst. 
 
 Henry Townley. 
 
 — I 
 
 Jiarnan 
 
 Isabel,=Mr. Robert Banister, 
 of Parkhill. 
 
 Jane.=Mr. Simon Blakey, 
 of Blakey. 
 
 Laurence Townley, living 3 Hen. VIII. as apjiears by a bond and award of Jobn,=pHeIlen, natural daughter of Thomas 
 then abbot of Whalley, and Thomas, abbot of Sallcy. | Hesketh, of Ruft'ord, esq. 
 
 "1 r-| 
 
 Charles, 
 
 Richard. 
 
 T 
 
 Heniy=p.\nne, dau. and Robert. 
 
 Town- 
 lev. 
 
 CO -heiress of 
 Thomas Cat- 
 teral, of Cat- 
 teral and Lit- 
 tle Mitton, esq. 
 Dec. -i, 1559. 
 
 Laurence, 
 settled at 
 Stone- 
 edge. 
 
 "1 — I — r 
 Lucy.= 
 
 _1_ 
 
 = rhomas, natural son of 
 Sir J. I'ownley, of 
 Townley. 
 Eliza-=:l.Mr.JohnTalbot, natu- 
 beth. ral son of Sir Thomas 
 Talbot, of Bashall. 
 1. . . . Standish, of Stan- 
 dish, esq. 
 Maig.^Mr.Parker.ofExlwistic. 
 
 T 1 — I 
 Alice. 
 
 Richard Lacy, of 
 Cromwellbo- 
 thoni, esq. 
 
 Anne.:=Robi. Rishworth, 
 of Riddlesden, 
 esq. 
 
 HeIlen.=Mr. Thompson, 
 of Esholt, near 
 Bradford. 
 
 I — 1 — — I — 1 i — i 1 
 
 John, Thomas, Henry, Lauience= 
 Henry, Charles, Robert, Townley. 
 all died voung. 
 
 :Margaret, daughter of Sir Ri- 
 chard Sherburne, of Sto- 
 nyhurst. 
 
 — r"i 
 
 John. 
 Thomas. 
 
 — r 
 Henrv, 
 
 Ric Townlev.died 1 630,= 
 
 =.Alice, dau. of Marv 
 
 died 
 
 devising his estates to 
 
 John Brad- Jane. 
 
 young. 
 
 Richard, yoimger twin 
 
 dyll, I ;i Port- 
 
 
 son of Rob. Tovvnlev, 
 
 field, es([. 
 
 
 his uncle. 
 
 s. p.* 
 
 
 ~1 
 
 
 I 
 
 Robert. 
 
 Robert=pMaiy, daughter of the Rev. 
 
 Town- Mr. Mackinson, rector of 
 
 lev. I Brindle. 
 
 ' I 
 
 1. Alice, dau.=Rich. Towu-t: 
 of Mr. Fran- lev, killed bv 
 
 cis Paslew, 
 
 of Wiswall, 
 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 a bull which 
 wa^ baited at 
 
 Gisburn 
 about 1655. 
 
 Anne.=Henry, 3rd son of T. Hough- 
 ton, of Houghton-Tower, esq. 
 
 :^. Anne, dau. 
 of R.. shut tie- 
 worth, ofGaw- 
 thorp, esq. wi- 
 dow of Mr. J. 
 A«sheton,son 
 ofKadclifFAs- 
 sheton,csq. of Anne. 
 Cuerdale. 
 
 Laur. 
 
 and 
 Margt. 
 twins, 
 
 died 
 young. 
 
 1. Jane, daughter and heiress of John Stonehewer, ofc=:Richard Townley, esq.=p2. Ellen, daughter of Mr. William 
 
 Barlyford, in the county of Chester, gent, died 1677, 
 leaving two daughters, Jane and .Vnn. 
 
 ]. Anne, dau. of=^ 
 John Townley, 
 sen. of Rovle, 
 esq. I 
 
 :RiehardT(iwn-: 
 ley, esq. died 
 1739. 
 
 :'2. Martha, dau. 
 of Mr.Baicroft, 
 of Noona. 
 
 Cathe- 
 rine. 
 
 :IMr.Chrislopher 
 Grinishaw, of 
 Simonstone. 
 
 ■Starkie, of Siniomtone. 
 
 .Anne.=pRev, Mr. 
 Clarkson, 
 of Chip- 
 ping. 
 
 1 
 
 Marga- 
 ret. 
 
 I 
 
 Richard 
 
 Townley, 
 
 died aged 
 
 17. 
 
 :Honoratus 
 Lebege, 
 vicar of 
 Eastham. 
 
 Margaret ,=pJohn Claslon, of Little 
 dau. and Harwood, esq. Justice 
 
 sole heir. of Peace for the county 
 
 of Lancaster. Mar- 
 ried 175-1. 
 
 Mr. Thomas: 
 Grinishaw, 
 of Buiiiley. 
 
 Rev. Thomas=f:. . 
 Clarkson, 
 rector of 
 Heysham. 
 
 Eliza-= 
 beth. 
 
 =Mr. Tho. Wil- 
 kinson, Charles- 
 street, Covent 
 Garden. 
 
 _L- 
 
 Thonias Clayton, esq.= 
 Justice of Peace for 
 the same county, 
 born 17-">5. 
 
 :Susan, dau. of 
 
 Rob. Nut tall, 
 
 esq. of Bury, 
 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 Martha, 
 born 
 I7C0. 
 
 1 
 
 Margaret,= 
 born 
 17G4. 
 
 James Chew, M. D. 
 of Blackburn. Mar- 
 ried ISOO. 
 
 Mr. Christopher 
 
 Grinishaw, of 
 
 Burnley. 
 
 Rev. 'iho. Clark- 
 son, rector of 
 Heysham. 
 
 The house of Barnside has been strongly antl durably built: one wing, witli a deep 
 embayed window, embattled, appears to be coeval or nearly so with the present family ; the 
 rest, which is of better masonry, seems to be more modern. Another wing, containing the 
 offices, has been destroyed ; the rest, if left to itself, may remain for centuries. It seems to 
 have been abandoned by the family, for the warmer situation of Carr, about the middle of the 
 last century. 
 
 Far beneath, yet on the summit of a smooth and gentle elevation, shrowded in aged trees, 
 is the ancient house of Emmott, which has given name to a long line yet extant. Of these the 
 
 * She married, 2nd, .Air. Chri-toidier Townley, of Mooihilcs^ the indefatigable trancriber. 
 
 first
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEV. 3?7 
 
 first whom I have met with is Robert de Emot, who held lands here 4th Edward II. as per 
 Inquisition. After him I have no materials of information relating to this family before the 
 commencement of the parish registers, from which, and from their monuments in the church 
 of Colne, the following short and imperfect descent has been compiled. 
 
 William Eninaott, of Emmott, 
 buried Oct. 4, 1641, sup- 
 posed to be father of 
 
 M illiani Enniiot, buried^Mary. 
 Aug. 09, 168.3. I 
 
 I 1 1 ' 1 1 
 
 William Emmott, Esq. Fellow Com- John Emmott, Es(i. Thomas, Mary,=j=Mr. \\'ain- Chi istoplier Emmott, Esq. 
 moneiof Jesus College, Cambridge, died Oct. 21, 1*46, died 1 house. merchant, of London, 
 
 died May 13, 1720*,aged51, with- aged S2. 1G69, died Feb. 24, 174.5, 
 
 out issue. aged '29. | aged 72. 
 
 r — ^ 
 
 Richard, who took the name of Emmott.=j= 
 
 I 
 
 Richard Emuiott, Esq. the present owner of the estate. 
 
 John Emmott was a pious and amiable man, a christian of the old school, regular and 
 devout, retired and humble. William, the older brother, is said to have had a portion of the 
 same spirit. Their infirmity was, that both were inattentive to their worldly concerns, so that 
 Christopher the younger brother, who acquired a large fortune, with a very fair character, was 
 compelled to re-purchase the paternal estate. But such examples, whenever they occur, of a 
 charactf^r nearly lost, deserve to be recorded, to the shame of a degenerate posterity. 
 
 The house is respectable and convenient, with a front of rather heavy modern architecture, 
 and contains many portraits of the family, bv Mr. John Emmott, who was fond of painting. 
 By the way side, near the house, is a perfect cioss, with the cyphers I p S and CO, half 
 obliterated, upon the capital ; the only instance which I recollect of the kind by a way side, 
 though the bases of great numbers remain in similar situations. A very copious spring in an 
 adjoining field, now an excellent cold bath, is called the HuUown, /. e. the Hallown, or 
 Saints' Well f . 
 
 Last of the old mansions is Alcancoats|, in which I find that John de Lacy granted 
 twenty acres of land to the hospitalers of St. John of Jerusalem, by deed without date. 
 
 In the 35th Edward III. here was a John le Parker de Alcancoats. And 
 
 Ellen, daughter of John de Alcancoats,^ William de Mcrclesden. 
 married in 134C. | 
 
 r ' 
 
 Robert de Merclesden. 
 
 The family of Merclesden, however, had a footing here before this marriage; for, in 13I4, 
 
 Richard de Merclesden, clerk, gave lands in Alcancoals to 
 
 -J 
 
 r 
 
 Robert 
 Richard, 
 
 , his son §, 
 
 J 
 
 living 136:: 
 
 he hud 
 
 1 
 John. 
 
 1 
 Peter. 
 
 Gilbert. 
 
 * Townley MSS. 
 
 t Hence the name of the place eamunt, or the mouth of the water. J Townley MSS. 
 
 J No unusual circumstance in tho-e days, when concubinage was avowed as much as mairiage. 
 
 Also
 
 311S HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. IH. 
 
 Also hy Inquisition post mortem Henry de Lacy, 4th Edward II. it was found tliat 
 Richard, son of Alan de Alcancoats, held 3-2 acres ; William, son of Adam de Alcancoats, 
 17 ditto; and Adam, son of Peter de Alcancoats, 23 in this place. 
 
 It is now the residence of J. Parker, Ksq. descended from Robert Parker, younger son of 
 the house of Browsholme, who died I714. 
 
 Within the chapelry of Colne, and immediately contiguous to Craven, is the obscure town- 
 ship and village of 
 
 FOULRIDGE, anciently FOLRIG, 
 
 Of which I find that Roger de Lacy *, constable of Chester, who died 1211, granted to 
 
 14 acres of land in Chorlesakchirst, within Folrig. By Inquisition 4th Edward II. William 
 de Pdthan held two carucates in Foli'ig for a fourth part of a knight's fee, and Q^d. 
 
 And, by Inquisiton-|- taken Ijth Edward II. it was found that John de Thornhill, held in 
 the vill of Foulrig, one capital messuage and eight acres of meadow, of the king, in capite, and 
 eight oxgangs and 50 acres of land of the rodlaund, by the eighth part of a knight's fee. 
 
 From the Thornhills I suppose it to have passed to the Saviles, for in the time of Henry 
 VI n. the manor of Folrig was held by that family, along with Rochdale. I can trace it no 
 lower. 
 
 Within the chapelry of Colne, but in the manor of Ightenhill, are also the townships of 
 
 GREAT ami LITTLE MARSDEN, formerly MERCLESDEN, 
 
 which gave name to an ancient family, of whom see some notices under Alcancoats. Of 
 this house, also, was Richard de Merclesden, master forester of Blackburnshire, to queen 
 dowager Isabella, in the reign of Edward III. I also find a 
 
 Williani de Mcvclesden. 
 
 I 
 Henry de Mcrclesdeu %. 
 
 Kichaid de Merclesden, lOtli Hen. VI. 
 
 John de Lacy, Cons. Cest. by charter without date, grants to Adam de Swinden, l6 acres 
 of land within the boundaries of Great Merclesden, '' sciendum autem quod salvis his 16 acris, 
 et vendam et dabo, et essartare faciam quantum mihi placuerit." Test. Hen. Persona de Blake- 
 burn, and Gilbert, his son i^. 
 
 There is in this reservation a blufl' kind of dignity not ill adapted to the character of an 
 ancient baron. 
 
 Again §, Henry, Duke of Lancaster, in the 2d year of his dutchy, grants to Ric. de Walton 
 (stauratori j] nostro), ;ill t!ie lands which he held in Colne ami Merclesden, within the forest^ 
 
 * TownleyMSS. t Il.id. % Ibid. ' § Ibid. 
 
 II The stauratores were otiiters placed tner the vaccaries while held in demesnt;, who accounted annually to the 
 lords for the increase of stock, as the j^ravcs dii! of their rents. In Sowerbyshirc these officers were called iustanra- 
 toiies. Wats. Hist. Hal. p. 240. 
 
 ^ On this account Marsdcn itself is once entitled a forest ; for Robeit de Lacy gave pasture, &c. in his forest of 
 Merclesden, to the abbot and coiwent of Kirkst.ill. Burton, Mon.Ebor.C94. 
 
 of
 
 Book IV.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 30'J 
 
 of Travvden*: a description which goes near to prove, that the chapel mentioned so often 
 in the latter computus's of Whalley Abbey by the name of Cap. de Travvden, wa.^ as I have 
 before conjectured, the Chapel of Marsden -|-. 
 
 And again, the same Duke Henry, an. due. 4th, grants to Ric. de Walton, " stauratori 
 nostro in partibus de Blackburnshire," 53 acres in Colne and Merclesden, to be held according 
 to the custom of the manor, and 40 acres, and 25 acres in the vill of Merclesden, aj)proved 
 from the wastes in the time of Oueen Isabella. An early instance of an enclosure. 
 
 I suspect this to have been the origin of the property of the Walton family. 
 
 The Inquisition so often referred to after the death of Earl Henry de Lacy, anno 1311, 
 ascertains the state and value of property in Great and Little Merclesden, as follows : 
 
 Merclesden Magna. 
 
 350 acres in demesne, demised to divers tenants at will 
 Certain cotarii for 4 tofts ---___ 
 12 customary tenants, for 12 oxgangs in bondage 
 Works (boon services remitted) _ _ _ _ 
 
 Fishery, where? _______ 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 lOi 
 
 7 18 4i 
 
 Merclesden Parva. 
 
 240|; acres, demised to tenants at will - - - 4 14 
 
 2 cotarii - - - - - - -- -008 
 
 4 customary tenants for 3^ oxgangs - - - -010 6 
 
 Works remitted - - - - - - -012 
 
 564 
 
 At this early period there appears to have been in the Marsdens no freehold lands at all ; 
 but, by a survey of the manor of Ightenhill, anno 36th Elizabeth, there were at that lime 
 547 acres of freehold, and 467 of copyhold. 
 
 Marsden has a small chapel, of uncertain antiquity, but evidently prior to the Reformation, 
 dependent upon the parochial Chapel 'I" of Colne, and held along with it. Dedication unknown. 
 Patron of both, the Vicar of Whalley. 
 
 * In an English charter, Townley MSS. G. 15. .'309. certain lands are described as lying in the " towne of Mersden 
 and chace of Trawden." Tliis puts the matter out of doubt. 
 
 t I have long suspected that this cliapd was the Capella de Trawden often mentioned in the later compotus's of 
 Whalley Abbcv ; and that of consequence, that forest had anciently extended hither. This opinion is rendered more 
 probable by the following, which I lately ictt «itli in two original charters at Towneley : 
 
 " Ric.Clericus de Merclesden, 32 Ed. 1." which sccras to prove the existence of a chapel here so early. 
 
 And secondly : 
 
 " Kirk Clough infra Chaceani de Trawden juxta Merclesden 22 Hen. VI." 
 
 This
 
 400 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. III. 
 
 This was a very poor and mean structure, apparently of the age of Henry VIII. and with 
 the cypher I. H. S. on the httle belfiey. In the yard was a very large block of freestone, the 
 base of a cross. 
 
 All these symptoms prove it to have existed before the Reformation. 
 
 Were I to hazard a conjecture as to the consecration of this chapel, it would be that the 
 ceremony took place A. D. 1544, wlien John Bird, first Bishop of Chester, is known to have 
 dedicated the neighbouring chapel of Pendle, Oct. 1. 
 
 (ioodshaw was built in the same year ; and the old chapel of Holme bore marks of the 
 same age with Marsden. It never occurs before this time, and was dissolved as a chantry four 
 years after, so that it is higiily probable that all the three underwent this ordinance at the 
 same time. 
 
 In the year 1809 the chapel of Marsden, besides its insufficiency for the increasing popu- 
 lation of the place, having become ruinous, the present patron prevailed on the inhabitants to 
 have it pulled down and rebuilt. 
 
 One impediment, however, was to be removed. The cure, though it had a small separate 
 endowment, had been immemorially holden with Colne, and served by the minister of that 
 place or his curate. But how served ? Once only in every fortnight, and then only once in 
 the day. 
 
 Under these circumstances it was not likely that much zeal could be excited for a new 
 erection. 
 
 But a promise having been made that on the next avoidance a separate presentation should 
 be made, and a resident minister appointed, the people cheerfully set about the work, and a 
 plain, spacious, and commodious place of worship was erected. 
 
 An avoidance happened not long after — the promise was fulfilled: the endowment has 
 been since increased nearly to lOOl. per annum. A grant of a small portion of the waste has 
 been obtained for the site of a minister's house, and the sum of 500/. of which 300/. were 
 granted out of the blessed parliamentary fund, is now ready for the prosecution of the work. 
 
 It is not without gratitude to Providence that the writer of this contemplates the change 
 which in so short a period has taken place in the religious concerns of a numerous and neglected 
 congregation. 
 
 CHAPTER
 
 Book IV.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 401 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 PORTIONS OF THE PARISH 
 
 LYING BETWEEN 
 
 THE C ALDER AND THE HYNDBURNE. 
 
 1 HIS is the last natural district into which the present parish of Whalley is capable of being 
 divided. Its principal features, which are by no means strongly marked, may be considered 
 as one great and spacious aperture through the hills, declining towards Tottington on the 
 South, and expanding into a considerable plain near the junction of the Hyndburne and Calder 
 to the North. 
 
 It abounds too much with coal and other kindred minerals, to be distinguished for the 
 fertility of its soil, in which, as in its unmarked and naked appearance, it approximates to the 
 neighbouring forests, especially in the higher parts. 
 
 Altham alone, from its situation, may be considered as partaking the character of Calder- 
 botham in warmth and softness of landscape. 
 
 This tract consists of three parochial chapelries, all of the old foundation, viz. 
 
 1st, Altham, containing that township, with Clayton and Accrington Vetus. 
 
 2d, Church, containing that township, with Oswaldtwisle and Huncote. 
 
 3d, Haslingden, properly consisting of that township alone. 
 
 Tliese will severally be considered in the order assigned to them above. 
 
 ALTHAM, 
 
 Formerly Alvetham, and originally Glvecham, the habitation of Elvet, a manor and town- 
 ship on the western bank of the Calder, which was granted by Henry de Laci the first, pro- 
 bably in the reign of Stephen, to Hugh, son of Lofwine, or Leofvvine, a Saxon. This charter, 
 the second in point of antiquity which I shall be able to cite in this work, is as follows: 
 " Sciant p'sentes et futuri quod ego Henricus de Laci dedi concessi, &c. Hugoni filio Lofwini 
 " et heredibus in feodo et hereditate Elvetham, Clayton et Akerington dim. Billington cum 
 " d'natione M'rii * de Elvetham per servitium dimidii feodi milit." In virtue of this charter, 
 the manor of Altham is still held by the descendants of the first grantee, with Clayton as a 
 mesne manor dejjendent upon it. Akerington was restored to Robert de Laci, for the purpose 
 of beins re-sranted to the monks of Kirkstall, (vid. Akerington). The moiety of Billington 
 
 * In the Lihcr Loci Benedicti is a transcript of this charter made aliout the year 1300, in which these words stand 
 as follows, " D'natione Mosterii," the latter of which can only have been understood by the writer to mc;in Monasterii. 
 But, as there is no evidence that the foundation of a monastery was so much as pi ejected at Alvetham, I suppose the 
 word to have befn IMancrii. Yet the manors severally passed with the grants of the other Townships; why then siie- 
 cify the manor of Alvetham only ? 
 
 5 F was
 
 402 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. IV. 
 
 was surrendered to Ralph, son of Geoffry de Billington, by William D'ns de Alvetham, in a 
 deed withuut date, hut during- the time that Henry de Righley was senescall. 
 
 Huoh, son of Lofvvine, founded the church, and endowed it according to the custom of 
 the times, with four bovates, /. e. about 6o acres *, or nearly a tenth part of the lands of the 
 manor, together with the tithes, and intended it as a parish church, for which he ;ippears to 
 have procured the consent of Geoflfry, dean of Whalley, by the appointment of Robert his son 
 to the rectory of Altham. Robert, afterwards presented by his father to the rectory of Roch- 
 dale, conferred the vicarage (though we are no where told how or when this vicarage was 
 endowed) upon Henry, the clerk of Altham ■\-, grandson of Hugh de Clayton. 
 
 But the aera of the foundation of parishes was now at an end ; the deanery, with its 
 extensive privileges, was now dissolved, and Peter de Chester, the first rector of Whalley, a 
 man vigilant and attentive to the rights of the mother church, contested the foundation of this 
 small independent parish, and is said to have prevailed. After his death, however, the suit, if 
 it had ever come to an issue, revived; the Alvethams defended their supposed rights with suf- 
 ficient pertinacity; and, it was not until the year 1301, that Simon de Alvetham, on the 
 receipt of 20/. and of 300*'. for the expences of the suit in the courts of common law, of 
 Litchfield, Canterbury, and Rome, for through all these it had travelled in succession, resigned 
 his right in the church or chapel of Alvetham, to the abbot and convent of Whalley +. 
 
 The posterity of this ancient graiitee, from whom the present possessor is lineally descended, 
 are as follows : 
 
 Pedigree of Altham and Banastre. 
 
 Anns. Allliam bears a chevron between three mullets pierced of the field, colour unknown §. 
 
 And Banastre, of .\hhani, Argent, a cross fle\n-y, and a pot in the dexter point. Sable. 
 
 Ricardus de Alvetham, temp. R. R. Stephen and Henry II. =p 
 
 Thomas.=p 
 
 r -■ 
 
 Ricardus de Alvetham, fil.^:^: 
 
 I 1 
 
 Hugo, died s. p. Wdllielmus, fr. et hsres, living anno l'277.=p 
 
 I ' 
 
 Simon de .\lvethara, 1301. =p 
 
 r -• 
 
 John de Alvetham, 1330.=^= 
 
 See the following page. 
 
 * 1 Iini! once conjectured that ujjon the dissolution of the rectory (vide Ecclesiastical History,) this ancient glebe 
 was restored to the manor : but in the Asshcton MS3. I have since found an inquisition of survey taken at the instance 
 of Cardinal Pole, as the site of these lands wa? then beginning to be uncertain. Hence it appears that they were dis- 
 persed for the most part in snlall buts and selions about the town fields, on which account they are now lost. In a later 
 Inquisition of the Rectory of Whalley, taken A. 1>. 1616, the jurors present that N'ath. Banastre, Esq. is Lonl of Altham, 
 and tliat all these lands have been occuj/icd for many years by him and his ancestors, lying disperbcd among the lands of 
 the said manor. In this Inquisition, wiiich refers to one of much iiighcr antiquity, I find repeated mention of selions 
 and gerons (once spelt gercons) of land. The last is undoubtedly some small portion of ground, but is become long 
 since obsolete, and, so far as I recollect, is not mentioned by any author. 
 
 f One account says, that Henry de Clayton succeeded liobert, and that Henry his son was presented after his 
 death by Hugh f Lofwine. Townley MSS. G. 26. 
 
 X " Simon de Alvetham \no rcsignatione juris sui quod habebaf in dicta rapella in Wl. solutis et pro expcnsis 
 sectEe pro dicta eccksia in curia Romana, Regis, Cant. Litch. CCCs. Coinp. de Whalley." I meet also witli a bond from 
 Gregory, the fir^t abbot, in the ^ame jear, for the pajnient of 20s. to Simon de .Alvetham, " pro bono senicio suo." 
 
 § These arms appear on the part of the South aisle of the chapel Ix^^longing to the manor house, ad I can a'^sign 
 thi.m to no other family : but quti)-.
 
 Book IV.— Chap IV.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 4<j3 
 
 John de Al\etliain, 1330.=p. 
 
 1 
 
 Johanna, daiighten 
 and heiress. 
 
 :Richard Banasire*, son of John Rana^tie, 
 WaUon, living 10 Ric. II. 
 
 Laurence Banastre, living '29 Hen. VI =p . 
 
 I ' 
 
 Thomas Banastre, died before his fatlipr.=^. 
 , 1 
 
 1. Elizabeth, daughter of Raljjh Langtoni, ^Nicholas Banastrc.=p'2. Margaret, daughter of Sir John Townley, 
 Baron of Newton ♦ . | of Townley. 
 
 Anne.^John Talbot, of .Salesbury, esq. 
 
 Richard Banastre.: 
 
 1. Elizabeth, daugliter and heire=s of Richard Elston, of=pNicholas Banastre, bu-=2. Catherine, daughter of Ed- 
 Brockhall, esq. widow of James Anderton, and of Ralph ried at Altham, Dec. mund Ashton, of Chadertou, 
 Holden, of Holden. | 7, 1611. esq. 
 
 Richard. Dorothy.: 
 
 John Holt, of Tabitha.=Kichard Banastre, 
 Stubley, esq. of Barnoldswick. 
 
 Nathaniel=pElizabeth, daughter and co-heiress 
 Banastre. I of Barnaby Kitchin, of Pilling, 
 
 U ^ ^ , 
 
 l.Mar)', daugliter=p:2. Mary, daugh-=pRichar(l Banastre,=^. Lettice, daugh-=p4. Elizal)cth,daiigh- Nicholas, Eliza- 
 
 of JohnStarkie, 
 of Huntroyd, 
 esq. 
 
 ter of John 
 Byrom, esq. 
 
 Nathanacl, 
 Nicholas, 
 both died 
 young. 
 
 I 
 
 John, 
 
 died 
 
 young. 
 
 died May 28, 
 1663. 
 
 ter of Henry 
 Coope, of Ashen 
 Bottom, s. p. 
 
 ter of JMr. Thomas Dorothy, 
 Jackson, of Pres- unmar- 
 all. liid. 
 
 beth. 
 
 Nicholas Ba-: 
 
 iiastre, died 
 
 before his 
 
 father, 
 
 1663. 
 
 1 1 1 I 
 
 :.Anne, dau. Nathanael Ba-=f=Mary, dau. of Henry Ba-=p;.Anne, Byiom, Anne, 
 
 of Mr. nastre, died Rog. Nowell, nastie, died died died 
 
 Alexander June 19, of Read, esq. died May 1G80. 16*5, young. 
 Johnson, 1669, aged died Oct. 7, 12, 1684. aged 
 of Preston. 30. 1C69. 30. 
 
 I 
 
 Robert, Anne, Mary, inhe- 
 rited the manor 
 of Esington, as 
 heirs general. 
 
 died 
 
 young. 
 
 Dorothy, Nicholas Banastre, Mary.^^Ambrose VVal- 
 
 died 
 
 168.5, 
 
 aged 18. 
 
 last male heir, 
 died July 1 9, 
 1694, aged 17. 
 
 ton, of Mars- 
 den, gent. 
 
 Isabella §,=Charles Halsted, 
 born of Rowley, esq. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Wroe, Fellow of Manchester 
 
 Collcgt', and son of Dr. Wroe, war- 
 den of that clmrch. 
 
 Henry Walton, of=pElizabelh, daughter of Wainhouse,: 
 
 Marsden, esq. gent, and Mary Emmot, of Emmot, 
 
 I Aug. 11, 1726. 
 
 I ' -1 r -" 
 
 Banastre Walton, esq. Ambrose, died Richard Wroe, late rector of=:Miss 1 opham, sister of 
 died without issue. without issue. Ratcliffe, the present owner, j Major Topham. 
 
 The manor house of AUliam, for more than five centuries the residence of this ancient 
 family, stands upon a gentle elevation on the western side of the Calder, commanding a low 
 and fertile domain. It has been surrounded, according to the prudence or jealousy of the 
 
 * " Adam Banaster, a bachelar, of Lancastershire, movid ryot agayne Thomas of Lancaster, by craft of kynge 
 Edward II. but he was taken and behedid by the coniniaundenient of Thomas of Lancaster." Leiands Itinerary. I 
 iuppose him to have been of Bank, where I meet with the name of Adam about this time. 
 
 f " Derwent cummeth by Mr. Langton's Place Baron of Walton a mile above Preston." Ibid. This was one of 
 the palatine baronies held under the earls of Chester. 
 
 X This marriage was contracted in the min(jrity of Nicholas while he was in ward of Sir John Southworth, of 
 Samlesbury, for which reason it was annulled. 
 
 § In the year 1609, upon a partition of the estate between the two co-heiresses, Mary and Isabella, the manor of 
 Altham was valued at no more than 160/. per annum, of which 1200/. was considered as equivalent to a moiety, and 
 Isabella the younger sister, held the whole estate, and received the rents and prolits as a vivegage, till that sum was 
 discharged. A striking instance of the increased value of landed property within a century. 
 
 feodal
 
 404 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. Book IV.— Chai'. IV. 
 
 feodal times, with a very deep q\iadrangular moat, which must have included all the apparatus 
 of the farm. Of the house itself little remains but an habitation for the farmer of the demesne; 
 but it has been constructed of excellent masonry, with a moulded basement (not usual in 
 dwelling-houses), and with two doors with pointed Gothic arches, probably not much later 
 than the reign of Henry VII. * 
 
 Immediately without the moat to the North-east stands the parochial chapel, of which a 
 small nave and two side aisles of three arches only remain, the choir being long since dilapi- 
 dated, and visible only by the foundations. 
 
 Of the original church, erected by F. Lofwine, which, according to the style of the times, 
 must have been narrow, dark, and strong, with small round-headed windows, and a semicir- 
 cular arched entrance, here are no remains : the present building is a kind of middle Gothic, to 
 which, from the absence of characteristic ornaments, it is difficult to assign any precise aera ; 
 the font is an octagon, with the monogram CD of the V. M. the patroness ; the letters I. H.S. 
 and the instruments of the passion upon the different compartments. This form in fonts is 
 comparatively modern, having been introduced, as appears, not long before the reformation : 
 but the only genuine remain of the original church is a portion of the old baptistery, rude, 
 deep, and cylindrical, which is walled into the present porch, and seems to indicate that the 
 modern church and font are contemporary with each other. 
 
 In some old churchwardens' accounts of the year I46I, I find a churchwarden delivering 
 over to his successor " the thynges belonging to our Ladye of Alvetham." An inventory of our 
 Ladye's wardrobe would have been highly interesting at present. 
 
 At the East end of the church, and, as appears, beyond the boundary of the old choir, 
 sleep the ancient lords of Altham, over whom are several tombstones, from which I have 
 selected the most interesting inscriptions, as several of them contain nothing more than names- 
 or dates, which have been already inserted in the pedigree of the family. 
 
 H. I. 
 
 corpus Nath. Banastre de Altham, Arm. 
 
 spe vitae melioris repostum. 
 
 Ob. 19 d. Jur>. A. D. 1669, set. suai 30, 
 
 (conjux charissimus, 
 
 tenerrimus unius pater.) 
 
 Nee non Marise uxoris ejus 
 
 amantissima? 
 
 pise et properantis (ad) 
 
 prsemissum 
 7 d. Oct. anno praedicto. 
 
 Here lietli the body 
 
 of 
 Dorothy Banastre, 
 
 * Here is still a tradition of the " mazer bowl," which, according to the rude hospitality of ancient (lines, stood 
 upon the hall table, often emptied and instantly replenislieJ. 
 
 daughter
 
 Book IV.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 406 
 
 daughter to Nathaniel Banastre, esq. 
 
 born at Althain, 
 
 brought up at Read, with her grandfather Noweli, 
 
 aged 18 years 
 
 August the 5th day, 1684. 
 
 Died the 8th of June, 
 
 1685. 
 
 Sacred to the memory 
 
 of 
 
 Nicholas, 
 
 the only son of Henry Banastre, 
 
 of Ahham, esq. 
 
 and last heir male of that ancient family, 
 
 who died the 19th of July, 
 
 anno salutis 1694, 
 
 setatis 17. 
 
 By inquisition taken at Blackburn, June 25th, 1650, it was found that the parochial 
 chapelry at Altham consisted of the township of Altham and part of Clayton, containing 150 
 families; that the minister was Mr. Thomas Jolly *, an able divine, who received lo/. from 
 the lessees of the rector3' of Whalley, and 30/. from the commissioners of the county, and 
 that the inhabitants of these townships desired to be made a parish. Lambeth MSS. 
 
 * As this was a man distinguished by his zeal and sufferings, the following account of him, principally abstracted 
 from C'alamy, may be accepted instead of a catalogue of the curates of Altham, all of whom, with this single excep- 
 tion, seem to have been obsc\u"e men. 
 
 It does not appear where he was born, but he was educated in Trinity College, Cambridge, and settled at Altham 
 when not more than twenty years of age. Here he continued thirteen years, and approved hiiuself a \ ery diligent and 
 feithful preacher. After some previous sufferings he went out at the expiration of the time allowed by the Bartholo- 
 mew act for nonconformists, and withdrew to Healey, near Burnley, the house of Dr. Robert Whitaker, a man of his 
 own sentiments, and probably his intimate friend. Here he was apprehended by Captain Parker's Lieutenant (1 sup- 
 pose Parker of Extwisle), and confined by order of two deputy lieutenants in a private house. And here he was once 
 more apprehended by Captain Noweli (probably old Roger Noweli, of Read), and, after much rough treatment, sent 
 first to Skipton, and thence to York, where he endured great inconvenience and even distress from want of accommo- 
 dation. After his discharge, however, the spirit of nonconformity remaining unsubdued, he was taken up once more 
 at a conventicle in 1664, and committed to Lancaster Castle. In 166.5 he was again arrested by a warrant from the 
 lord lieutenant, which was executed with great roughness by Colonel Noweli. In 1669 he was conmiilted logaol for 
 six months, having preached within five miles of Altham, and refusing to take the appointed oatii. In 1674, he was 
 apprehended by Justice Noweli, at a meeting at Slade, (undoubtedly his old friend, who was yet alive), and fined ZOl. 
 In 1684 he was brought before Judge Jefl"ries, at Preston, and obliged to find double sureties in 200^ each : Jeffries 
 ' at first demanded 20OOL This was for holding several conventicles — but the sectarian spirit is not to be subdued by 
 persecution 1 several years afterwards he bore a principal part in the affair of the Surey demoniac. 
 
 He had the satisfaction (and it must have been an unspeakable satisfaction) to see all the sufferings of his party 
 terminated by the Toleration Act, and died in peace at Wyniinghouses, where he had a chapel, April 16, 1703, in the 
 seventy-third year of his age, and fifty-third of his ministry. 1 suppose that the puritans of those days, like the me- 
 thodists of ours, inverted a well-known maxim of law, and held that " Gratia supplei ffltalem !" Vid. Calamy, Act. 
 
 p. 393, and Cont. p. 657- 
 
 On
 
 400 
 
 HISTORY OF WHAI.LKY. 
 
 [Book IV.— Chap. IV. 
 
 On the whole, tliis is a pleasiuff deserted place, where a contemplative mind may spend an 
 hour not unprofitably in musing on the vicissitudes of human things, undisturbed by the din 
 of pojjulation. 
 
 CLAVTO X-LES-MOORES. 
 
 Contiguous to Altham, on the West, is Clayton, a township and mesne manor, the pro- 
 perty of the Right Honourable Lord Petre and Ric. Gr. Lomax, esq. held under the manor of 
 Altham, bv virtue of the original charter of Hen. de Lacy, the first, to H. F. Lofwine ; for, 
 by inquisitions post mortem Laurence and Richard Banastre, in the time of Henry VH. and 
 Henry VHL it was found, that they severally died seized of the manors of Altham and 
 Clayton sup. moras. So also in inquisitio post mortem Hen. Rishton, in 14S9, and of Ric. 
 Rishton, in I53O, they are found to have held a moiety of the manor of Clayton, in socage, 
 of and Nic. Banastre, of Altham, esq. 
 
 Clayton Hall was originally the residence of a family of the same name, of whom, by 
 deeds without date, but of the reign of Henry H. I find 
 
 Walter de Grimshaw, without date. 
 
 I 
 Henry de Grimshaw, I'i Edvv. I. 
 
 Adam de Grimshaw, 1313. 
 
 Hem J- Griniiliaw, Irving 13 IT 
 
 Henry de Clayton. 
 
 I ' 
 
 Philip de Clay ton. rplsabella, about 1310. 
 
 I 
 John de Clayton, as per chart. 1333. 
 
 Henry de Clayton, f. Joh. as per chart. 1333. 
 
 Adam dc Griinsliaw,=p(.icely de Clayton, sole heiress, surviving and 
 
 living 134'3. \ a widow in 1308. 
 
 I 
 
 T 
 
 1 
 
 John. 
 
 Henry de Grimshaw, of Clayton, living 137*^ — 6. He divided^^ohanna, daughter of Richard. Agnes. 
 
 the manor of Clayton with the Rishtons, (Townl. MSS.) 
 and lived to 1409. He bore. Argent, a giiffon seiant^ Sa- 
 ble, armed Or. 
 
 John de 
 
 Robert Grimshaw, li\ing 1-J54.: 
 
 I 
 
 Henry Grimshaw, born about 1442.=plsabel, daughter of Henry Rishton, 1446", 
 
 I bv dispensation. 
 
 I ^ 1 
 
 Henry Grimshaw, born 1467, died 1507.^Alice, daughter ot Nicholas. 
 
 I 
 
 Hugh. 
 
 Thomas Grimshaw,=pMargaret, daughter and co-heiress of Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Harrington, of Hornby, 
 died 1539. | by John Stanley, of Melling, esq. illegitimate son of James Stanley, Bishop of Ely*. 
 
 Richard GriiU^haw,=pElizabetli, dauglUer of John, 
 died l.">7o, aged GO'. | Mr. John Cliudworth. 
 
 Anne.=Mr. Hugh Shuttleworth, 
 of Gawthoip. 
 
 i I 
 
 Alice.^Mr. John Isabel. 
 
 Holden. 
 
 John Grimshavv,=pMary, daughter and co-lieiress of Mr. 
 
 died 1,580. | John Catteral, of Little .Mitton. 
 , I 
 
 1 — ^ 1 1 
 
 Nich. Grini-=pHellen, daughter of Andrew. ^Jaiic, dau. of Richard. Annc.=Mr. Symon Margaret.:=lMr. Robert 
 
 slia'.v 
 
 R llisliworth, esq. 
 ofRiddltsdenHall, 
 com. Ebor. 
 
 Mr.Thomas Henry. 
 Halsted, of 
 H. Halsted. 
 
 Haydock, 
 
 of Hesand- 
 
 forth. 
 
 Hesketh. 
 
 Thomas, ac- John (;rim-=pAnne, dau. and 
 cidentally shaw, died co-heiress of 
 killed by 1662, aged Mr. Ab. Colt- 
 falling upon 48. hurst, of 
 a knife. Burnley, 
 ^ 6 Cliarles I. 
 See tlie following page. 
 
 — I — I 
 
 Robert. 
 
 I r 
 Jane. 
 
 Thomas. Mary. 
 
 — :~i 
 
 Nicholas, 
 slain at 
 the siege 
 of Tred- 
 ough, in 
 Ireland. 
 
 * MS. R. H. Beaumont, arm. 
 
 ~1 — I — I — i — I 
 
 .'\nne.=Mr. W. Key, of Ripon, Yorkshire. 
 El!zabeth.=Richard Tempest, of Brough- 
 
 ton, esq. 
 Eleanor.=:Mr. J. Towidey, of Hurstwood. 
 Kalherine.=Mr. Robert Squire. 
 Margaret, unmarried.
 
 Book IV.— Chap. IV.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 407 
 
 John Grimshaw.==:Anne Colthurst. 
 
 Kichard=^Elizabeth, dau. of Nicholas, Mary.=pMr. John Hey- Hellen.=Mr. John John, died=:Jennet, dau. of 
 
 Grim- 
 shaw 
 
 Stephen Tempest, student 
 esq. of Brough- at 
 
 ton. Doway. 
 
 wood, of llrm- 
 ston. 
 
 Susanna, born=Ralph, son of Nicholas Shuttleworth, 
 1658, died of Clitlieroe, esq. son of Richanl 
 
 1727. Shuttleworth, of Gawthorp. 
 
 Clarkson, 
 of Cow- 
 hill. 
 
 Rebecca.=Richard Lomax, 
 of Pilsworth, 
 living 1759. 
 
 16G3, 
 aged 43. 
 
 Mr. Robert 
 Cunliff, of 
 Sparth. 
 
 At the South-west extremity of this township, in no very pleasing situation, on the vero-e 
 of an old park, without deer, and overgrown with rushes, is the ancient house of 
 
 DUNKENHALGH. 
 
 llalgh, which occurs so often in the composition of local names hereabouts, as I'outalwh, 
 Hesmanhalgh, &c. is only a modification of the word how or hill, with a strong Lancashire 
 aspirate, (see Add. to Thorcsby's Due. p. 267, by Dr. Hickes.) Thus, e converso, the word 
 Nuttall, anciently Nuthalgh, is frequently spelt Nutto or Nuthow, in charters. 
 
 Dunkenhalgh appears to have been the property of a family bearing the same name, from 
 the sera of deeds without date, till it was purchased under the denomination of " manerium 
 sive cap. mess, de Dunkenhalgh," by Ralph Rishton ; from the Rishtons it was again trans- 
 ferred to Sir Thomas Walmsley, knight, one of the justices of the courts of common pleas in 
 the latter end of Queen Elizabeth and beginning of James I. who gathered a large estate by 
 a wealthy marriage, and, as it is said, by great rapacity in the practice of the law. 
 
 Pedigree of Walmsley. 
 
 Arms. Gules, on a chief. Ermine, three ogresses. 
 
 Thomas Walmsley, grandfather of the judge,=^Elizabeth, daughter of William Travers, 
 living 2-2 Henry VH. j of Neatby, esq. 
 
 Thomas Walmsley, =pMargaret, daughter of Mr. Livesey, 
 died 26" Elizabeth. | qu ? of Livesey. 
 L 
 
 SirT. Walmsley *,t:pAnne, dau. and 
 
 knt. justice of 
 the conmion 
 pleas, died 10 
 James T. 
 
 heiress of R. 
 Shuttle- 
 worth, of 
 Hacking, 
 esq. 
 
 — I — I 
 
 Richard, ances- 
 tor of the fa- 
 mily of Show- 
 lev. 
 Robert, of Cold- 
 cotes. 
 
 I 'I I r~l 
 
 Edmund, of Henry, a 
 
 r- 
 
 Alice.: 
 
 Banister 
 Hall. 
 William. 
 
 Nicholas, a 
 
 merchant 
 
 in Loiuloii. 
 
 clergy- 
 man. 
 John, bar- 
 rister of 
 Gray's 
 Inn. 
 
 :Mr. Ho- 
 
 thersall, 
 of Ho- 
 thersall. 
 
 See the following page. 
 
 Eliza-=:Mr. Nowell 
 beth. of Mear- 
 ley. 
 
 * From Dodsworlh's MSS. in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, vol. LXT. fol. .S5, I retrieved the following epitaph, 
 once inscribed on the monument of this judge, in the south chapel of the church of Blackburn, but now removed. 
 After some tedious verses not worth transcribing, " Sir Thomas Walmsley, knight, here interred, was made judge of 
 " the common picas an. x.xxi. R. Eliz. and continued a judge of that bench ye space of xxv yeares and above, duryng 
 " which tyme he went all ye circuits of England, except that of Norfolk and Suffolk. He dyed Nov. 26, 1612, ha\ing 
 "lived Lxxv yeares complete under v several princes — king Henry A HI. king Edward VL queene Mary, queene 
 " Elizabeth, and ourc sovcraine lord king Jamc;. Hec left bchynd hym, who are yet livyng, .\nne, his ladje and sole 
 " wyfe, and also one son, Thomas Walmsley, sole heir to them bothc, whom, in his lyfe time, he sawe twyce married ; 
 
 " 1st, to
 
 408 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Book IV.— Chap. IV, 
 
 Sir T. Waliiisle) .=pAnne Shuttleworlli. 
 
 I ' 
 
 1. EUenor, daughter of=pThomas Walinsley,=p2, Mary, daus^hter of Sir Richard 
 Sir John Danvcrs. | died 1640. I Hoghton, ban. 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 I 1 1 
 
 Sir Thomas=f:Juliana, daughter Elizabeth.=Rich. Sher- 1. Wni. Mid-=Anne.=::?. Sir Edward Osborne, 
 
 Walnisley. 
 
 of Sir Richartl 
 Molineaiix, of 
 Sephton. 
 
 ""1 
 Charle». 
 
 burne, of 
 
 Stonyhurst, 
 
 esq. 
 
 dleton, of 
 Stockheld, 
 esq. 
 
 of Keeton, bart. fa- 
 ther of the first Earl 
 of Danbv. 
 
 Richard Walm-=pMary, daughter Wilham, Hellen=Sir Godfrey Copley, Anne. Juliana.=:Francis, Lord Carring- 
 
 sley, born 1630, 
 died 1679. 
 
 ofR.Froman, of Sam- 
 of Cheam, in lesbury. 
 Surrey, esq. 
 
 of Sprot borough , 
 in the county of 
 York, bart. 
 
 ton, of Walton Wo- 
 wen, in the county 
 of Warwick. 
 
 I 1 1 1 1 
 
 Thomas, born 1658, Richard, died Mary. Juhana. Bartholomew Walmsley,=y=Dorothy, daughter of John Smith, 
 died without issue, without is^ue, buried Jan. 8, 1701. esq. of Crabbet, in the county of 
 
 J 
 
 at Paris, 167 7. 
 
 at Rome. 
 
 Sussex. 
 
 I 1 1 1 
 
 Francis Walmsley, Juhana, Mary, died 1. Robert, Lord Pelre,=j=Catharine Walmsley,=^. Charles, Lord Stourton, 
 esq. last heir male, died Oct. Nov. 1"0'2. March 1, 171^. sole heiress, died April 1733. 
 
 jdied without issue. 1702. | 1785. 
 
 r -J 
 
 Robert James, lalerpMary, daughter of Jamea, 
 L<ird Fetre. Earl of Derwentwater, 
 
 I 
 
 Robeit Edward, Lord Petre, 
 the present owner. 
 
 The house of Dunkenhalgh, witli the stables and offices, nearly surrounds a large 
 quadrangle, with an arched and embattled gateway. From the style and appearance, great 
 part of the building must have been erected by Sir Thomas Walmsley, the judge; but the 
 South and part of the West side are of much higher antiquity. Here are great numbers of 
 portraits, some of the family, and others not : one of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, 
 with the George, date 15G2: another, a full length, in the Garter Robes (qu. Henry Danvers, 
 Earl of Danby r *) ; Sir Thomas Walmsley, another full length portrait, in the habit of a judge, 
 with a shrewd, severe countenance, and his lady, whose whole figure recals to memory the pic- 
 turesque and whimsical lines of Gray — 
 
 " In peaked hoods and mantles tarnished 
 Sour visages enough to scare ye, 
 High dames of honour once that graced 
 The drawing-room of fierce queen Mary." 
 
 Some of her female descendants, in the same apartment, form a beautiful contrast to the 
 harshncs;; and severity of the old lady's countenance. Last in the series, is Miss Catharine 
 Walmsley, sole heiress of this large estate, and successively Lady Petre and Stourton, who 
 appears to have had small pretensions to beaut}', but is said to have been a very beneficent and 
 amiable woman. 
 
 " 1st, to Eljenor, sister to Henry Lord Danvers, and daughter to Sir John Danvers, by Eliz. his wyfe, one of ye 
 " daughters and co-heirs of ye Lord Latymer; and, Cnd, to Mary, sister of Sir Richard Hoghton, knt. and bart. by 
 " bothe whom he sawe him have issue, by his first wyfe one son and two daughters, and by his second, one son, 
 " Charles." 
 
 * Since this was written (1799) the greater part of tlie house growing ruinous was pulled down, and the portraits 
 are thrown into a garret. 
 
 Dunkenhalgh
 
 Book IV.— Chap. IV.] HLSTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 iOli 
 
 Dunkenhalgli did not altogether escape the common fate of recusants houses in the troubles 
 of the last century; for I learn from the deposition of one John Leach, in a cause Copley 
 against Walmsley, " that, at the rising of Sir George Booth, several soldiers under Lambert's 
 " command did come to Dunkenhalgli, and violently broke o{jen the stewards' closet where the 
 " writings of the family were kept, and did pull in pieces, spoil, and carry away, many 
 " writings and notes of account." 
 
 HUXCOTE. 
 
 The cot or cottage of punne, a genuine monosyllabic Saxon name, is a village situated on 
 the skirts of Hameldon, as it declines to the North, and, though now one of the obscurest 
 places in the parish, one of the two which are noticed by name in Domesday Book, 
 " In eodem hundreto habebat Rex Edwardus Hunnicot 2 carucatas terrae." 
 The manor was never granted out, and great part of these 2 carucates, which were 
 ancient freehold lands, must have remained in the immediate possession of the chief lord, for 
 by Inquisition post mortem Hen. Com. Line, there are found in Huncotes, only the followino- 
 free tenants : 
 
 John de Suttelword, pro 10 acres — — — — 1 8 
 
 Joh. de Clayton, pro 20 acres — — — — 10 
 
 Joh. and Joh. p'dict. pro Castelward — — — :;2 O 
 
 So that there only remained about two oxgangs, or one-fourth of a carucate of free land. 
 
 But there were in the hands of tenants at will 309 acres, 3 roods, which, at 4c/. per acre, 
 amounted to .',/. 35. 3^. and this appears, from many other instances, to have been considered 
 as a rack rent. 
 
 James de Huncote, and John his son, occur as witnesses to a charter 2gth Edward I. 
 
 Huncote, though at the distance of nearly four miles, and separated by Accrington, is 
 within the chapelry of Church. 
 
 ACCRIXGTOX FETUS. 
 
 The vill of Accrington was a grange belonging to the abbey of Kirkstall, which they ob- 
 tained from Rob. de Laci in exchange for that of Clivacher, in the time of Lambert, the third 
 abbot, about the year 1200. Accrington had however been previously granted by Henry de 
 Laci, along with Alvetham, to Hugh F. Lofwine; but Hugh, in order to accommodate his 
 patron and the monks, released it again *. Thus empowered, therefore, Rob. dc Laci grants 
 to the abbot and convent aforesaid, " totam Akarington cum bosco qui vocatur la Haia per 
 istas metas et divisas versus Hunecotes usque ad rivulum qui vocatur Wirmeleia Cloche et sic 
 in directum per medium cilium montis usque ad Hameldon et inde in transversum morae usque 
 ad Ormestanes et inde usque ad Warineden, inde usque ad caput rivuli qui vocatur Blacabroc, 
 inde sicut ille rivulus descendit in Bestane Cloche, inde usque ad caput de Essenecloche, inde 
 usque ad Readelache, inde usque ad Orsethes, inde per rivulum qui vocatur Amtleia sic 
 (Antley sike) usque in aquam quae vocatur Hyndeburne." 
 
 * Bibl. Bndl. Dodsworth's MSS. IfiS 
 
 3 G The
 
 410 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. IV. 
 
 The first step which these humane and holy men took, even according to their own ac- 
 count, after obtaining possession of this village, was to turn out the inhabitants, some of whose 
 ancestors had been owners of the place, and reduce the whole to a solitary grange, the conse- 
 quence of which was, that the poor people, driven to despair, burnt the grange, and mur- 
 dered three lay brethren, Norman, Unifred, and Robert, who had been entrusted with tlie 
 care of it. In a fierce age Uke the 12th or 13th century, revenge was more likely to be sought 
 than redress ; but what redress could have been obtained at a time when superstition had eaten 
 out humanity, when the claims of the poor were as much despised as they are formidable at 
 present, and when the ears of the powerful were completely pre-occupied by monks? 
 
 The Cistertian order were now in the height of their reputation, and presumed accordingly ; 
 the monks of this house in particular appear to have been unusually rash and violent in their 
 proceedings, as in the instance of the church of Barnoldsvvic, which having seized upon and 
 applied to their own use without a shadow of right, they afterwards destroyed in a fray with 
 the inhabitants, who, upon an appeal to the Pope against these intruders, instead of receiving 
 justice, were dismissed with a rebuke for presuming to withstand the establishment of a 
 religious house*. 
 
 By inquisition taken post mortem Henry de Lacy, the last earl of Lincoln, it was found 
 that the abbot of Rirkstall held here " dim. carucat. per servitium g^d. et factione sectiE 
 
 ad cur." 
 
 In the same hands it continued till the general dissolution, when it was granted out to divers 
 persons ; and to this circumstance it is owing, that here are no old or considerable families. 
 
 Accrington has a chapel of ease under Altham, a relic of its ancient dependence, but of no 
 high antiquity. It is indeed not improbable, that the religious had a private oratory apper- 
 taining to their grange, and that this might be the origin of the present foundation ; but, as it 
 is no where mentioned in the receipts of Whalley abbey " pro stipitibus sanctorum," I con- 
 clude that, as a place of public worshjp, its aera is to be fixed after the dissolution. Yet it 
 must have arisen at an early period after that event, for anno 7 Edw. VI. Sir Richard Sher- 
 burne, Edmund Trafford, and Francis Bold, Esqrs. commissioners of chantries, bargained and 
 sold to the inhabitants for the sum of 46s. Sd. the chapel of Accrington, with one bell, to be 
 continued as a place of divine service. 
 
 A little above the chapel is a house called the grange, and still nearer, another, which yet 
 bears the name of The Black Abbey, Thi« has been totally rebuilt within memory, and retains 
 not a vestige of its ancient state ; but I have no doubt that here was the cell of the monks of 
 Kirkstall at Accrington. 
 
 During the Usurpation, and at the time of the Lambeth Inquisition, 1650, Mr. Roger 
 Kenyon, an able and orthodox divine, was minister of Accrington ; but I find-)- that in 1645,, 
 Dec. 5th, by order of the committee for the county of Lancaster, 40/. was allowed for " an 
 able divine at Accrington chappei," and Mr. John Bell was approved for the same by the 
 classis at Whalley, Nov. 9, l6"47- 
 
 * " Pimn tnim \idebatur et dignuni favore ut ecclesia caderet, duinmodiS abbatia pro ek construeretur, ut minus 
 bonum Diajori cederet." Mon. Angl. A determination which expressly sanctioned (he doing of evil that good mtght 
 come. But this pope had not learned his cabuislry from St. Paul. 
 
 t MS entitled Minister's Orders pen. L. P. Starkie, avm.
 
 Book IV.— CiiAP. IV.] HFSTORY OF WHALLF.Y. 41 1 
 
 ostrALDnrisLE, 
 
 At the South-west extremity of the parish, and adjoining to that of Blackburn. The name 
 of this township is pure Saxon (vide Extwistle), and the first part of it probably taken from 
 one of its ancient lords. An investigation of the progress of property in this township has 
 led to a discovery of considerable importance to the herald and the genealogist; for by deeds 
 without date, Philip de Oswaldtwistle grants to Adam de Radclifte one and one-third bov. 
 of land in that place; and Richard, son of Roger de Oswaldtwistle, grants to the same, for 
 fifteen marks of silver, one bovate in Oswaldtwisle, and three-fourths of a bovate in Dokewar^. 
 Adam had Robert, who had Richard, styling himself Dns. de Radclyffe, whose son Richard 
 granted the above premises to William his son, together with certain services, and was found 
 by inquisition to have free warren in Oswaldtwisle in the ;^2d of Edward I. William, the son, 
 again conveys the manor of Oswaldtwisle to Richard his son, apud Bury, iGtIi Edward III. 
 From him descended Richard Ratcliffe, esq. who, in the 15th Henry VII. settled his estates 
 upon his brothers John and Roger, and their male issue; remainder over to Robert, son of 
 John Baron Fitzwalter, and his heirs; remainder to Thomas RadclifTe, lord of the manor of 
 Framesdon, in the county of SuflTolk, &c. John died without issue, and Roger left another 
 John, who died a minor, 8th or <)th Henry VIII. whereupon the jurors find that Robert, son 
 of John Baron Fitzwalter, aged thirty years, is cousin and next heir of John Ratcliffe. de- 
 ceased. Thus the manors of Ratcliflfe and Oswaldtwisle became vested in this noble family *. 
 
 Again, by -f- inquisition of lands in Sharpies, taken after the death of Thomas Ratcliflje, of 
 Farmesdon, it was found that he was son of Sir Geoffry, son of Henry, oldest son of James 
 RadclifFe, of Farmedon, which James had another son John, who had a son John Radcliffe, 
 knight, who married Elizabeth daughter and heiress of Walter Loixl Fitzwalter. I have been 
 the more particular in stating these circumstances, as they were before utterly unknown, and 
 the origin of a family, w hich, from the younger branch of a private house, shot up in two or 
 three generations almost to the summit of English nobility, was lost in obscurity. Weever 
 alone had hinted that they were a branch from Ordsall. The compilers of the Lancashire 
 pedigrees, who had good materials, had they had the acuteness or industry to use them, have 
 given under Radcliffe of RadclifTe, nothing but a mass of absurdities and contradictions. I 
 have therefore drawn up the annexed table from inquisitions and other authentic evidences, in 
 which the reader will observe, 1st, that one link only is wanting to connect James Radcliffe, of 
 Farmedon, with the parent house; and, 2dly, that Richard Ratcliffe, in his deed of settle- 
 ment, fairly postponed the older branch of Farmedon, and vested the estates in the Fitzwalters, 
 in failure of male issue from his brothers. Such are the attractions of wealth and rank ^, 
 
 * As a coUatei-al proof that this great family «eie actually posbessed of llie manor of R.idclilie, a little after this 
 time, Robert earl of Sussex, presented Robert Assheton acolyth to the church of Kudclirte, 1538. Asshttoii MSS. 
 
 t Inq. post mort. Tho. Radcliffe 19 Hen. VIII. cert. Prcm. in Sharpies desc. Robto. Vic. RadclifiFe Fitzwalter 
 Dno. de Egremond ut cons, et hser. Johis. R. tilii Jacobi RadclitFe fil. Johis. R. nuper Dni. Fitzwalter filii Job. R. mil. 
 fil. Job. Radcliffe fil. Jacobi Radcliffe. Tliis ascertains the descent beyond a doubt. 
 
 ♦ It must be observed that, in the Lancashire pedigrees, almost every step in this descent is wrong ; but iii the 
 annexed table, every generation from the third to the seventh, is authenticated by cliartcrs among the Townlcy .MSS. 
 and from thence to the last John, by a variety of evidences, compared with the following memorandum of the earlier 
 
 part
 
 -H2 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. IV. 
 
 In the next place, this Robert, now become earl of Sussex, and knight of the garter, by 
 will dated 34 Henry V'lII. devised the manor of Oswaldtwisle to Henry Northey, his servant, 
 for the term of fifty years, in trust, for the payment of certain legacies, reversion to Henry his 
 son; and this Henry, then earl of Sussex, anno 3 Edward VI. bargained and sold the rever- 
 sioned to Andrew Barton, of Sniethells, esq. Sir Thomas Barton, knight, held this manor 
 12 Charles, and Thomas Barton, of Smethells, esq. had an only daughter and heiress Grace, 
 married to Henry, son and heir of Thomas Viscount Fauconberg, by whom Thomas, the 
 second viscount, who, about the year 1 722, sold this manor to James Whalley, of Sparth, and 
 Christopher Baron, of Oswaldtwisle, gents, for the sum of ^.3,700. The latter moiety is now 
 the property of Thomas Baron, of Knuzden (Knusden), esq. and the former was lately sold 
 by Sir John Whalley Smythe Gardiner, hart, for upwards of ^.l6,000 ; an enormous increase 
 in less than eighty years. 
 
 It must be observed that, by the latter inquisitions, 20 Henry VI. iS' Henry VH. 10 James 
 I, this manor is found to be held b)^ knight's service, but they are of no authority when con- 
 tradicted by the great inquisition of 13I]. 
 
 This township never having been inhabited by the great family to whom it belonged, has 
 had no principal manor-house or any other remains of English antiquity, to render it inte- 
 resting. This deficiency, however, will be amply compensated by the following account of 
 Ratclifle itself, which, though separated by Irwell from the parish of Bury, the extremity of 
 the Honor of Clitheroe, I insert, without apology for transgressing the bounds originally 
 prescribed to this work. 
 
 Radcliffe, so called unquestionably from a cliff of red stone * immediately opposite, is 
 situated warm and low, upon a fertile domain of the finest grazing ground, once a park, upon 
 the South West bank of Irwell, now united with the Roch, and become a considerable 
 stream. 
 
 In the Domesday Survey it appears, that " Rex E. ten. Radclive. p. m. ibi 1 hida et alia 
 hida pertin." The church, it appears, was not yet founded. The personal name does not 
 occur till about a century later; and the genealogical account of the family has already been 
 traced. 
 
 But the remains of Radcliffe Tower prove it to have been a manor-house of the first rank. 
 It has been quadrangular, but two sides only remain; and the following licence to kernel and 
 embattle, will shew not only what it was when entire, but the name of the founder and the 
 aera of its erection. 
 
 part of Henr} VIII. which I fortunately met witli in the church chest of Blackburn : " Ric. de RadclitTvetus qui genuic 
 Wilm. qui Ric. qui Wilm. qui Jacobum, qui Ricaid. qui Jac. qui Joh. qui Rog. qui Joh. nunc infr. set. exist." In this 
 pedigree it must be observed, that the descent passes immediaicly from father to son, so that the last Richard who 
 settled the estate, and John his brother, who was also possessed of it, are omitted. And, for the same reason, I sup- 
 pose Ralph de Ratcliff, to whom I have assigned a place as elder brother of the first James, whose seal I have seen 
 with only one bend, (the other Ralphs, who were of Sniethells, which whole line the Lancashire pedigrees have 
 foisted into the line of Ratcliffe, sealed with two) and without any difference. The inscription in Longobardic letters 
 of Edward Ill.'s time, 8. RSDVLPpl DG RSDCLIF. 
 * This is confiimed by the French Rugemont. 
 
 •' Paten.
 
 The VlA-Li^ or 'Kajjc^liffe Towek . 
 
 
 ■"C 
 
 ( 
 
 r/JIiLinrlLulL, ^;. ZANCAsiimiL. 
 
 
 y \ 
 
 
 I'u/-M<f.J M,n' I'^lflol. /-v jni/rJi,irjriccnJUly.
 
 Book IV.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 413 
 
 " Paten, de Anno Henrki Quarti quarto, p. 2. m. 11. 
 
 " Rex omnibus ad quos hze litterae nostrae Patentes pVeaerint salutem. Sciatis qd. de gratia 
 nostra speciali concessim: et licenc. dedimus pro nobis et heredibus n'ris quantum in nob: est 
 dilecto arm'o n'ro Jacobo de Radclif, ut ipse manerium suum de Radclif quod de nobis ut de 
 ducatu Lancastr. tenetur in capite ut dicitur, cum muris de petris et calce de novo includere et 
 infra eosdem muros quandam Aulam cum duabus Turribus de petris et calce siniiiiter de novo 
 facere, et eosdem muros aulam et turres sic factos kernellare et battellare. Ac manerium illud 
 sic inclusum cum aula et turribus p'dictis sic kernellatis et battelatis tanquam quoddani Forta- 
 licium tenere possit sibi et heredibus suis imperpetuum sine impeticione aut impedimento nostro 
 vel heredum n'ror. aut rninist. nostr. vel diet, hered. nost. quor'cumq. In cujus rei testimonium 
 has litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. 
 
 " Teste rege apud castrum de Pontefract. xv die Augusti p. ipsum regem." 
 
 The plate annexed exhibits, from the upper erid, the noble old hall, forty-three feet two 
 inches in length, and in one part twenty-six feet, in another twenty-eight feet in width. The 
 two massy principals which su])port the roof are the most curious spccin)ens of antient wood- 
 work I have ever seen. The broadest piece of timber is two feet seven inches by ten inches. 
 A wall plate on the outside of one beam from end to end measures two feet by ten inches. 
 The walls are finished at the square with a moulded cornice of oak. The pillar at the right 
 has neither capital nor moulding, and appears to have been inserted at a later period, when 
 the hall underwent a repair. 
 
 At the bottom of this room is a door opening into one of the towers, the lower part of 
 which only remains, of massy groutwork, and with three arches, each furnished with a funnel 
 or aperture like a chimney. 
 
 On the left side of the hall are the remains of a very curious window-frame of oak, wrought 
 in Gothic tracery, but square at top. 
 
 Near the top of the hall, on the right, are the remains of a door-way, opening into what 
 was once a staircase, and leading to a large chamber above the kitchen, the approach to which 
 beneath, was by a door of massy oak, pointed at top. The kitchen and apartment above, 
 stood at right angles to the top of the hall, and are separated from it by a wall of oak work. 
 The chamber is thirty-eight feet long by eighteen feet five inches, and has two massy arches of 
 oak, without mouldings, but an oaken cornice moulded like those in the hall; the floor of 
 thick oaken planks ; height, to the point of the arches, sixteen feet. 
 
 Over the high tables of ancient halls (as is the case in some college halls at present) it was 
 common to have a small aperture, through which the lord or master could inspe<;t, unseen, 
 what was going on in the hall below. 
 
 But in this situation at RadclifFe, is a ramified window of oaken work, opening from the 
 apartment above-mentioned, but now closed up *. This consists of eight arches with trefoil 
 pointed tops, 4 and 4, with two narrower apertures above. 
 
 In the adjoining parish church, which, from the form of its arches, may appear to he 
 nearly contemporary with the tower, an alabaster slab, on the North-west side of the altar. 
 
 * It may be doubted whether they were ever intended for any thing but ornament, or were ever open. 
 
 covers
 
 4U HISTORY OF WHALLEY, [Book IV —Chap. IV, 
 
 covers the remains of James de Radclifie, the founder of the latter. There are, as usual, a 
 male and female figure cumbent, the man in armour, and some remains of children in praying 
 attitudes beneath. What can be retrieved of the inscription round the verge, is as foUow^s: 
 
 <©rate pc aia Jacobi be fia&i[p£F, &c. 
 - - - - - qu ai - ppitt ©eu^. 
 
 There are two shields of arms on this stone — one, RadclifF; the other paly of six, 
 
 colours gone, for Euby. 
 
 In the East window is the crowned head of an old man, with a red rose above, probably 
 intended for Henry V^I. in his later days, as the Ratclifles were zealous Lancastrians *. In 
 another, on the South side, now obscured by the vestry, are two shields — one, Ratcliffe; the 
 other, three chevronels ; and above, a female head crowned, much younger than the king's, 
 and probably intended for Oueen Margaret. It is at least a portrait, and has no resemblance 
 to the heads of the Virgin, so common in painted glass. 
 
 These are the only remains of this eminent family in a church which must have been the 
 place of their interment for more than three centuries. 
 
 It would be unpardonable to conclude the present account without mentioning that to this 
 place and family are attached the tradition and ballad given by Dr. Percy-}- under the name of 
 Isabella, but here applied to a Lord Thomas and faire EUenor, father and daughter, whose 
 figures are supposed to be graven on the slab described above, which the common people, con- 
 cluding, I suppose from its whiteness, that it was meant as an emblem of the innocence it is 
 said to cover, have mutilated, by breaking off small fragments, as amulets for the prevention 
 or the cure of disorders. 
 
 Traditions, always erroneous in their circumstances, are yet rarely devoid of foundation; 
 and, though the pedigrees of Radcliff exhibit no failure of the family by the premature death 
 of an heiress, though the last Richard de Radcliff, who had daughters:}; onl}', certainly did not 
 make " a scullion boy the heir of all his land," when he settled it on Radcliff Baron Fitzwalter, 
 though the blood actually pointed out on the kitchen floor where this Thyestaean banquet is 
 said to have been prepared, deserves no more regard than many other stories and appearances 
 of the same kind; yet, when we recollect that even in this age of civilization and decorum, a 
 family of considerable rank enjoy an estate procured for them by a murder for which their 
 father suffered ; we are not to discard, as incredible, the tradition of a barbarous age, merely 
 because it asserts the sacrifice of a young and beautiful heiress to the jealousy or the avarice of 
 a step-mother. 
 
 When this is granted, the story of the pie, with all its horrors, may safely be ascribed to 
 the inventive genius of a minstrel. 
 
 On the whole, Radclitie is a place which, from its antiquity and splendour, the great fa- 
 milies which have branched out from it, and the romantic tradition attached to it, can scarcely 
 be surveyed without enthusiasm, or quitted without regret. 
 
 • It is singular that the Fitzw-alter Radcliff's, to whom the estate afterwards descended, were equally zealous 
 Yorkists, and even adopted the fetterlock as their cognizance. 
 
 f Ancient songs and ballads, vol. III. p. 154. 
 
 * He died A. D. 1503, as per inq. aged 31, and leaving daughters, which arc not noticed in the descent. 
 
 CHCRCH.
 
 [To be placed between p. 414 and 415. 
 
 ilia de Monte- John de=Miirlcl, daughter of Sir Tho. 
 jon, lady of Rade- Bamville, knt.lordof Stour- 
 
 rkland. clive. ton, died without issue. 
 
 Simon de Radeclive demised lands in Radeclive, for 
 a term of years, to Henry de Oswaldstwisel.' 
 
 _i_ 
 
 Alexander de Radeclive, son: 
 and heir of Simon, died 
 before 31st Heni-y III. 
 
 of Pening- 
 
 sed of the Manor of 
 n CO. pal. Lane, be- 
 ylll. 
 
 the moiety of the 
 !overal of his bro- 
 y III. divers lands, 
 mt)' of York. 
 
 r 
 
 Adam de Radeclive, who petitioned against Roger de: 
 Oswaldtwisell ;iO Henry III. for the lands in Rad- 
 chffe demised for a term of years by his grandfa- 
 ther, whose heir he then was. 
 
 I 1 
 
 Peter dc Radclive,=p Roger de Radeclive, bro- 
 
 :Agnes, sister 
 of Uctred dc 
 Church. 
 
 a 
 
 brother of the 
 whole blood to 
 Roger. 
 
 ther of the whole 
 blood to Peter. Ag- 
 nes, his wife, living 
 
 Robert de Ra- 
 declive, bro- 
 ther of Peter, 
 in the time 
 
 ,ry, daughter of Sir John 
 .\runlell, of Lhanhern, in 
 the lounty of Cornwall, 
 knt. :5rd wife, remarried 
 to Fienry Fitzalan, the 
 last tarl of Arundel of 
 that name, died 90 Octo- 
 ber l,).57, binied at St. 
 Clement Danes, London, 
 he died '2.5 Feb. 1579, bu- 
 ried It Arundel. 
 
 Elizabeth Radclyffe, 
 eldest daughter 
 and coheir, aged 
 15 years at her 
 father's death ; 
 married to Chris- 
 topher Spihiian, 
 of Stow, in Nor- 
 folk, esq. and died 
 3 Nov. o\ Henry 
 VIII. Had issue. 
 
 Eleanor Radclyffe, 2nd 
 daughter and coheir, 
 aged 13 years 14S7, 
 maiiied to Thomas 
 Lovell, of Enfield, 
 in thecountyof Mid- 
 dlesex, esq. and died 
 a widow, 27 July, 
 loHen.VIII. before 
 she had obtained li- 
 very of her inheri- 
 tance. Had issue. 
 
 Jane Radclyffe, unmarried in 1542 5 
 to whom her father by will gave 
 tli^ wardship and marriage of the 
 young Lord Berkeley, to the end 
 ih 't she should marry him ; but 
 she became wife of Anthony 
 Browne, Viscount Montacute, 
 K. G. and died 1552. Had issue. 
 
 Sir John Radclyffe, of Clive,= 
 in the county of Somerset, 
 knt. only issue by 3rd ven- 
 ter, aged 18 years at his 
 mother's death. He died 
 without issue 9 Nov. 15GS, 
 buried at St. Olave's, Hart 
 Street, London. 
 
 Johanna Radclyffe, 
 3rd and youngest 
 daughter and co- 
 heir,aged9years, 
 1487, married to 
 John Sturges, of 
 Cranwick, in the 
 county of Nor- 
 folk, before 9 
 March, anno 12 
 Henry VIH. 
 
 Anne, daughter of 
 Thomas Benholt, 
 esq. Clarencieux 
 King of Arms, 
 died 10 Dee. 1658, 
 buried at St. 
 Olave's, H.;rt 
 Street, London. 
 
 ffest 
 of 
 '4ior 
 ,ith, 
 be- 
 18. 
 2nd 
 nry 
 e- 
 acil 
 iho 
 
 m. 
 
 Jane, you ngerof=Edward Radclyffe, 6th=Eleanor, dau. of Elizabeth 
 
 1 
 
 the two daugh 
 
 ters of Sir Fran- 
 cis Hind, of 
 
 IVladingley, co. 
 
 Cambridge, re- 
 lict of John 
 Catesby, esq. 
 
 and had married 
 
 to her 1st husl). 
 
 William West, of 
 Maisworth, 2nd 
 
 wife, ob. s. p. 
 
 and last Earl of Sussex, 
 &c. succeeded his cou- 
 sin Robert 5th Earl, 
 1G29, then about 68 
 years of age ; he mar- 
 ried to his 1st wife ... 
 daughter of Sir \\\\- 
 liam Porte, knt. and 
 widow of .... Ciost- 
 wick ; died without 
 issue 1641, aged 87. 
 
 Sir Richard 
 VVortley, of 
 Wortley, co. 
 York, hart, re- 
 lict of Sir Henry 
 Lee, of Queren- 
 den, CO. Bucks, 
 bart. remarried 
 to Robert Rich, 
 Earl of War- 
 «ick. 
 
 Radclyffe, 
 3rd dau. 
 married 
 to Henry 
 Owen, of 
 Wotton, 
 CO. Sur- 
 rey, esq. 
 
 i\Iart ha Rad- 
 clyffe, 4th 
 
 and yoiuig- 
 
 est daugh- 
 ter, married 
 
 to William 
 Gostwick, of 
 
 Willington, 
 inthecounly 
 
 of Bedford, 
 esq. 
 
 lercules Meutas, 
 >hute, of Hock- 
 ;dl8Nov. 1627. 
 
 r , 
 
 Jane Owen, only issue and=j=Sir William Gostwick, of Uillin" 
 
 heir of her mother, 1617, 
 then living a widow 
 
 ton, .iforesaid, created a Baro- 
 net 10 James I. died 1615. 
 
 ffe, esq. 2nd and youngest 
 he Manors of Wymbish and 
 will dated 13 May 1619. 
 ied. 
 
 s 
 
 Jane Radclyffe, dlcgitimate daughter, at length only surviving 
 issue, aged 16 years at her mother's death, then wife of Sir 
 Alexander Radclyffe, of Ordshall, in the county palatine of 
 Lancaster, K. B. who by her had the manors of Attilbrough, 
 Henham, Debden, &c. She had issue.
 
 PEDIGBEE OF DE EADECLIfE. 
 
 ludu.. sUri« drift. Bun iJi, wi., .J„J "T,-'."' "'"«B""!». dflT., mu- 
 
 ric. «nil ■>■ norm JS.111M, u«i(»'"n vuum K*ltl»Bc, «ni ClutuunlUrklTa' 0« 
 
 ,\ '"."•V""»'^ Hugh Blfch«Bl. uidh^ori^W.sU. l«Kl..4t InClaiSb.. 
 
 John !<■"" '>= l» "'"^"'"'fS^. olWA*™ d« in lloUn ll,>l( »„d 
 
 ninl linib. hit m | telllsmeDl IIU * Cburrh. nal nr Aena hu irtb \mi 
 
 vi l.<ii>K Cih Ed- IJKliEdo.ll buli.Ac inOiuRh. .b»r 
 
 lluniidtil SiiilKr 1 - 
 
 Muehsrcrr ■••■ns < 
 «nllll ilHnu>lUd 
 
 KBit, \.r- 
 
 . held sld (wi of E^. 
 
 Ii TOth Edmud I. - ■■- 
 
 ■he idnnnon ofibE Chi 
 «ml bndi In lliiua, in 
 
 JonluilXtm, 
 uf Icllo». In 
 the ruunlrp*- 
 
 Wlin*ni KaddrfTr; 
 IUkI)1liiTa<nT.E.>i- 
 nl Ihrgnal William. 
 Ixinl at Kd^mnh 
 »kI OtniddiMUell, 
 HixdofculclHth. >n 
 
 Mmnl I li>iiig S(li 
 EJaudlll 
 
 RndfljOr. 1 
 
 RndfljOr. aKklrfTc. 
 inf> ur minr 
 
 Citffc, BUI- hill, kqighl, ™in([r! 
 
 ' EdiT. Ill nod 
 LlEdnudlll. 
 
 HBfcdh.il 
 the civnl; 
 
 ^ Eilmn) III j 
 •iil>>j<^i>r(U>u 
 
 LuKhl.r Allci. IUIcItO'c. 
 
 niH arl ut Ram, nJicf F^nmiorth. U 
 
 of Sir Ht^ Dnlion, ibioninir pdi. 
 
 knimurtidlabdlhlnl line «r t^no*- 
 
 hu.Unl.SlrTlmTil. In-, brton It 
 
 Hubrndt IU> 
 dnUtr. bn>* 
 
 a( Ednrd I. 
 um RvklrOc. 
 
 mwTin] luwil- 
 liun Wutko- 
 l<r. of (h« CO. 
 MiUw or 
 
 4|;u)g>ilhciul 
 iEdwvdlll. 
 Don of fLul- 
 
 riol lo Sir J<;lia ^ 
 •ik. of Eland. In Ih 
 «unlj or Vorfc. km 
 Hidi-w 
 Agtin ItAdclyA. rnu 
 ritd loSir Jiilin Dil 
 lon.oriMlnn, lutb. 
 tminij puliiine 
 Ldneuler, kol. Ilu 
 
 AniicIUJcliffF. manlH 
 III Ralph UnT.ofLc- 
 
 oTlMCuL Hid mm. 
 
 'iuliin lUdclrfft. otTiSuannih, dioghtn 
 
 " "■■ ' Rohm tc^ii of 
 
 ngr of£ilg«ortb 
 uiinit JuA 
 IbilclfSr. or 
 
 tonsil Id 
 Ed-nidll 
 
 tlilfaorciia. 
 
 
 
 Wl, 
 
 rabtlln. =Rkbaiil de Rjidcl)«.= ;tnnc. 
 
 ' — ■■■— ot RidcltBfe Tm- daugh- 
 
 «Tj «ciudnf luiiU, i«r oi 
 
 «ciDdiibem, ihe Joha 
 
 ■nnmorOmld- Lrynn- 
 
 i»i«ll and Donk- wr. of 
 
 WOMb. Klh Ed. Nfrlhrr 
 
 «nl HI- SImnI Tib- 
 
 of mukbunuhin Irlgh. 
 
 Cihlogibaiwwd inlhr 
 
 III HiKb Sheriff . 
 
 Ita>tcl}1fc1'i 
 
 HMShchaofLan- 
 euliire..11Edn 111 
 
 Adl^ogfon. I 
 
 -ElcuA H»d(l>irc. iiumed^r Ruben Unilrli. km ll 
 10 biT llr.1 hi..1and, hiuhaiid, Ju.iiw of ft 
 Mcholu Bntclrr. of fur lanrwhuc. b^eumii 
 ItaHdiSe.iniheTaunlr ainn daiol lt(h Jnlri ■ 
 poJaliiK of Lanculrr. 4. Rkhuilll. 
 
 AD» fliddjdc. nvuTHd Adiiin Had- 
 
 A!,iii3 RadclrtFi-.iuarr»] 
 10 Heniy Sbakerk]', 
 of ShflkMlcy, in the 
 cauD 1) palnliiH of l^n • 
 
 iiDljr EliiabilhRaitclj^c.ii 
 
 kl^iiilUdclift.ai 
 
 [<■ Jiihn ^UDnii 
 Walltin. in ihe t 
 
 ifad'!!!^ 
 
 Canaille. 
 
 mlalint of Uuiouirr. 
 
 "toiT" 
 ndEd- 
 
 Vofk (jure 
 
 Ednrdlll, 
 and *iA 
 
 Edirudllt. 
 
 nZl^iBe 
 
 AdllUK. 
 
 Jnwa Raddrftr, of Radclrflkp;' 
 
 heit. IVIhHlcliinl II ob- 
 lained of Hesi; I V hii lura) 
 leilm pinn, dated IStli 
 Aofuil. (lb jimi. 10 n- 
 bultd Radcl;ire To>rcr, lie. 
 dial un Siiurdai bcfon the 
 F'euIofSl KtanlniuHin- 
 ItT. lllbH.n^jlV 
 
 «rJuluiTtniBKr. 
 
 «f nf«m«iri" 
 
 tliamuniyofVork, 
 kni. by Kilbntne. 
 hli wifr.diu.Dfiilr 
 Robert SbcrbunK, 
 of Sionybiini in 
 the (mat)' patiUne 
 
 nth Hen I 
 
 IV. latin 
 llioma.. I 
 
 :Kiih<rinr, ihcpAlouidcp 
 <luigh(trr< 
 Tbnniu Mo- 
 
 iiuhuid, Th» 
 
 Lh Wraty IV ' 
 
 ^h^^ ""^^^^ sitNi^ETfclwj^TrfD^ 
 
 u KadflTTe, 1 
 
 I Sie^ardof 
 
 I John Puke tif Laniaiiei 
 
 » (nr L«n™.t»t. Edi 
 
 id wlft. «Oih 
 
 HIchinl aidelfffr, uf RaJclrlfeToHrr. Em.; 
 eldnl wn and bnir. a^ft) .W ,™r.. Itit 
 
 r^'j,'"* 
 
 Eliabrth RadclyOe. 
 
 Hem IV. jB.llt.i.t 11,0 l'a« Sth Hen- 
 
 Albion, of 
 
 Hadetyflb, of Cba- 
 
 
 
 
 HmtrV aiidJdHeiii7VI.anJKmi;1ii..f 
 
 nurrirfio 
 
 
 Ibe Shire in Pailiaiornl Ibe la>l naffitJ 
 
 Hugh 
 
 
 ]Hr. Jnq p«imoft.SothHmr>VI, 
 
 
 MadufiK- 
 
 ta..Rii>bta>i.o[Unn- 
 
 1" pvlbment 
 ^ihHcnrrlV.; 
 
 tVilJiaiD Ronr 
 Hadcliffe. RadcTrn^, 
 
 ■le.ki 
 
 rtCa^ 
 
 nj orUermDloUw. 
 rnlhwiile. imhecoiiolr 
 d a uoietf of Omj»- 
 va\j utlVstmoRlandi 
 ir.j[i |>'DniiReeD (jure 
 117. viBnl of lamlr. AlC- 
 in uiineme. InlhctuuntypaliiiiDeot Lun- 
 Buter. a quo HadcIylTn uF DililuD, mrl> uF 
 l>rr«teolwBlci and Ntahurgh. he. At 
 
 had VracT.ia thee 
 p*tcQ<*ntjl«ieb. S 
 
 
 ^VU?ia„,a 
 
 IM,*, 
 
 ter. \aif of IktHenmirr. 
 of Kexiick, ud 'lliRlkelJ, 
 i* ibeoiuiiif ofCumberUndi 
 tie muiety of Omuhi*] Vtj- 
 
 (^, and Lindi in Dollun, m 
 cvUDl^ufUatmorelaDdjiTur- 
 rtnJ about 
 
 Kwnit ufYork. louOKn 
 ».i, fi.iofi Id aa.r> IV 
 
 Miror of RadcljBa of 
 Itredley and Nrwuaat. in 
 the tMinl» ofVork. and 
 of RadrlrfH. MDl 
 
 '>r Ttiainai MortloK 
 
 HtlTiog- chancel 
 
 toSirBieh. Cbureh c 
 
 cljHe. 
 IUdcl)fle 
 Tower, 
 
 I^.=pliabc1],dau, JiimaUaddygt.of==]< 
 l^ii^ley. lo the 
 
 EUuibeili Rul- 
 
 of Sir John 
 LejtejtiT, ot 
 
 VUilam lUchanl RKltljire.=Mar«ar»l. daagbier Fynciie Rad- Sir John Rjdch-flc, of Anil- 
 Rid- of runpcilej and aodbewofRj^uud c1(Be, nur- brough. knI. «n and heir. 
 
 Iht rood Sir John. He 
 
 Aquiiiin, Id Fran». 1 KD<^t Hanni 
 
 Kni^hl El«( of iht Ca«er. and a ; 
 
 t>aoce , died 8ih Henry V. 
 
 II tlie time 
 li'nry Ibt 
 SUlL 
 
 child MtTitj. nf I 
 ■noiperley. Id Ibe 
 eouoir pblint of 
 
 Ai|aiUinc3dHEaryVI.GD- 
 •emor of DounUnui, Earl 
 of Longueillle. in Fnim, 
 fiir lenii of Jifr. died luih 
 II. VI. hiir. HI Aiiilbrough. 
 
 uuko QE-lmd 
 tV.nbichbcHI- 
 llnlTHciirTVII 
 and iliRl IxfuR 
 II Henrj VII. 
 ADCntor of Ibe 
 Itaddrf». of 
 longlr), Mitoci 
 Sriilge, &c, in 
 
 mly daugblcr 
 
 nifc^lo'r 
 ^^'[mam Ur- 
 
 condljr of 
 iiroree Kayr, 
 ufWuoJ- 
 
 Aibnmtb, 
 itobnt 
 
 euil Radcltfl-e. ». 
 heir «f hc> fuher. 
 
 HifLofJohnftrr. 
 
 «ho died 17 Ed- 
 
 inrdlV. 
 lilabelh RadclyBp, 
 coheir of her fa- 
 ihet,ttl6ofCharla 
 
 Ardeni, oF Tim- 
 
 fvttty, e-^ Jun 
 
 Longl&Edir.lV, 
 
 ::a[benne, daughler Ron RadclTft.Kjliilip] 
 and eohur 01 Ed- of Allilbmigh daughl 
 
 died Ul I4M. 
 
 buried al Ailil- 
 bufgh, Imriu 
 
 and bclr. igid 
 
 19 ^Dty VI, 
 • lain at Fenr- 
 bridce. in the 
 rouoiyol York, 
 Mlh Much, an- 
 no I EdMird IV. 
 th.. ni^ht |,r^ 
 
 Ellul>eth.=HiiWdIladdy<Ic.= 
 youi^n uf IUJ(l,ae 
 
 ■ulfered areEo- 
 
 UcIivJa 
 
 rotSir Anne.=Ji 
 
 of Kkbo- 
 oCbjnan! 
 
 non ol Rod- 
 cljO^. OtnU- 
 iHiHll. BMu>- 
 
 . . J AihctoD, _, 
 
 of Mtddleion. in of . . 
 
 thu eaualy pala- . . . 
 
 kiil.lnd.wlA.dieJ Sih 
 
 •n Mardi. lUI. June 
 
 ^llco Vltl bu- 3 
 
 ned ID the cbaocul Hen. 
 
 ofMliMlclQn. She VIII 
 married lit. John 
 Lniiren»,. 
 
 Thomaa Iki^, of 
 HukmiluU. c^ 
 
 diaih. Hbam Li 
 
 MargoriRadtljfe, H»r Kad- 
 
 nuirirdio (!)«,•». 
 
 .lod bad M un, h<- 
 
 who ..aj t.i,n5 » IcilcnVn' 
 
 R??'-,,*,""'- aaniiMdiQ 
 
 Vllt lladwu.. hkbrollKr 
 
 lUdcljiri.ihe Bkbanli 
 
 ^EIiubcih,^irjDbn 
 oolr liaue HmhaiD, 
 ■ndheitol k G. 
 
 ima HnjFlylTe, km. Hi5li=Kailiertne Neiila. dan. ThoTRaJdrire, 
 ^..eiiir of Wonolenhlnr. nf Geo. Lord Latimer. of FdnnCHJeo, 
 SO.^I.nndWEdtrilV ood AnidoonfOliirr D».!. _ ^. ..... 
 
 IHicUl.diedHllboulIiiue. Iey.«| li 
 nnbtrt ltadcl;fle, k(t|ier of lb(=JIareinl 
 lowD of Calaii, •aid ihe maiD^moca.o 
 klaeiahiainualnKarmati- li>gSAtiyl47«. 
 
 nn« In Prrkiei »VarU<k, her buUiuid RobeH 
 and beheaded. RaildjBi. 
 
 Tliomai Radctifli!, of Laiid,=Ann«. eldur of lb« two 
 wade. CO tainhridp. had daughlen and cu. 
 uiOt bu (aiber a gnnt of hein of William tla.- 
 Ib< 3d<mnonof Aiiilbiirgb. «y, «j, marritd b<- 
 
 ot John 
 
 dial 4 April. 
 5 Hen. Vlll, 
 »111 dated U 
 
 vni- * 
 
 TVowrofib* 
 rm> dbiubien 
 
 rr 
 
 John Radii I de. 
 on ilWii. 
 
 ^^"^ 
 
 Ri^rRadclflb, 
 
 an llUfiil- 
 
 if RailrlfHe 
 ol, wn UI.I 
 
 Ihcr laUiljb, |||, Aiinl. 
 
 io Ihe o«nly a||,n.Vlll. 
 
 |«biinei>r<lK>. . _ 
 
 r> Ima ID taw. ' 
 
 lluNhUnd- 
 
 dyft., «q. 
 
 youngeil 
 
 latne dF 
 1 Ikn-Vll' 
 
 hiuband Sir Ed- 
 mund Anindrll, 
 
 rbdIMLlUil 
 
 )S' 
 
 UoljellaRadtlyfRr. Ajw» Hadrljlle. ILiVllndclylle, «nd wi Fa 
 
 "-1I diughter Jrd.laogbirr of SirEdit.Damll.of 
 
 Dlicirjp.1 and coheir. UillKote. to. Wdti. 
 
 iiuic In inrd to jjueen K>- 9!ycanilllie agnl 19 ^esn knLli> nhumnaiauc 
 
 therim, dltdunuumolM dcaih oF bet anna9Hair} Brirl 
 
 hrwhcrlSIS, vm, 
 
 Elena Radclvffc. EUtabclb Rl 
 
 3ad daughter citflc, 4lh a 
 
 lUdclyOI: Tuner by llobnl and coMr. youoKai di 
 
 Raddjlh Lord FlUnlter, ucd31)nnal and cnbdre 
 afterwurdi Earl oF Siuact, her broihrt'a and 13 ta 
 
 Ac dnib 9HenryVll 
 
 Aiwual ISIS, ana 
 Vlll. and ni .i» 
 
 
 EUnlMli lbnnrd.=Hcnr| RadchlTc. 3i>d Earl oF <^uw[.=Anne. taDonr 
 
 deet RvklyOi^. 
 UnuU RuklySbi 
 ianr Rodcljffo, ibe 
 
 An DC Hadcljfr, Diarricd 
 
 kni. both lliine 
 
 aii(«i>TViii, 
 
 SlaAinl 
 
 Dnkruf 
 Uucklng- 
 
 -Itobrn lUddyffe. Ritui 
 coudnJobnlUdclyifr, I 
 
 hnBa<lcl)«:.»tr<m= 
 nti«Jier.oflV«d. 
 
 oFEdiearrl 
 
 :-nu>ioa> 
 
 hiin, «in and hrlr. 
 
 I-irdHa.. 
 
 SarloF 
 
 ae«]l»tnnalhu 
 
 
 llerbj. 
 
 
 
 
 moncd to IVlin- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 trailer, IHcnryVll 
 
 Itunilns- 
 
 dIfdSI 
 
 
 
 Aa; 
 
 Hou.aio1d. St, 
 
 
 
 aiuUDiedforbbad- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IVnrbc>cl..l(Kl.aiul 
 
 Ock IMS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 netiry KadctyHt. Hod wn, on ubom A dii 
 hu fiilbtr Ktlltd landi. Ac in Ipa- nai 
 HHh. At Ac. I4B7. He ninixrfed riidl 
 
 of «ir Juhi 
 W^'lhiin, 
 
 rf^Brryin 
 
 Ihe oiunit of (ilea, in the niunly ]>al 
 
 Norfolk, km. OHler, and died wilhc 
 
 by Kbrpirel. before 1^37. runilM 
 
 liLa Id wife. Thniaai Raddylfe, .Irri and ynungal Olhar lo the bIII 
 
 ilii^Ulcr of Hin. aiKAvdrd hi* brother Henry aa ibwr» nf bia bro- 
 
 JohnKatncd. heir nul* la landi. Ac si ^lofplca torn- tbel Tho- 
 
 UukeofNor- ifurrvid, A« and dinlMiinl iberc uontd ma* Bwl- 
 
 fnlk, mamcd of ntlhuut liflH W June l»f7. al geni. clyVe, 
 
 8 Sepl. 14S8. Bruleoell. baiinii: hi. CHuin Kufarrt rally, li47- 
 Ka.lH<fre Lonl ViHuusI F<ir<nller. 14tf7. 
 
 ■ -J only ...roro^ 
 'lUiif Ij'l 
 
 creilBl Earl of Sui>c( IH Dtr 
 lata, anil uai ViKiHiol and baron 
 F^umltr. Harou Lucy uf Egre- 
 mom, BuiueU. and Uotletourt, 
 lAtd High Chambtrtaio of Eng- 
 land for liF^, K. C Ac diad n 
 
 Drrtn.lmlHlfe. 
 •tied tn Mnnh. 
 -^rimiy Vlll 
 
 |3it Snl tvifir. rvrnarr 
 to Ilivir!' F^liaLui. 
 W brl of Arundel 
 Ikt wuH, diid «1 Oc 
 br HiT. iHirinI ai 
 Onvnt Done*. Land 
 lidW«S(Vbl579.l 
 ndal AniiKlel. 
 
 eiinbelhRwlcljffr. Elniiur Railrlyfl*, Und jDhaniuIUdcljVe, 
 
 ebleil daughter daughler and eobair. JrdiiflyoungDt 
 
 and coheir, ageil afttl llyroi^ ttS7, iLau^himodr^ 
 
 " 1 Thnmaa hor j^Vjeari, 
 
 falbeti d«lb , 
 marriad lo Qiri»- 
 rophcr Spllirun. 
 
 llrHdau^ht 
 'nuauaDukeuF 
 Nnrblk. by Ak- 
 
 lUiaUth, ■Ini: 
 
 1hMl>),E»lnf 
 
 !<<WIluinii(on, 
 
 K.O. A< 
 
 IK wife, 
 
 Kahilyll.-. 
 
 nyni 1, gronird Ibe pr!<ili(e of 
 dM 17 Frb UM. burial al Dnrt^ 
 
 moittiichti 
 
 PhUi[iCdlbor|*.knl. 
 and wift, ditoreed, 
 litlne^ July 16M, 
 lonitKiiuil in Ihe 
 will of herhuilnnil 
 
 laaltfll. nnlys 
 dauighier 
 andfwlrnl 
 
 Hany. of 
 
 Ellamtf», 
 CO Bedford, 
 
 Huiii|,hn, Rid-= 
 
 Ejaea^rtq.jure JohnLordMamey. 
 
 uura, had>[ie- by t-luuliin hi* 
 
 dallittryibere- viFe.daughlEraDil 
 
 of 9l<t Hrnrj oihiirof^irU>«er 
 VIII died Neubfirwigli, 
 
 A one Hade I) O, el.ki 
 Jiughle r . miirrinl aflet 
 ITlJct 1541. toThn. 
 
 • of Raiklift 
 r.<ihsdlnl3Fek 
 
 lla.1 l.ue. 
 
 ;'X: 
 
 Jane Kaiicljllb, iinmrrinl in 
 
 ibt •■ardibip and niim^ of 
 ^Dg Lord Derkeley, to lh« vnu 
 ilpa the thotdd marvy blm i but 
 Jm IjecHAe wife of Aoiliony 
 ■roHAr. VbouuI ItlBnianiK. 
 KC aoddiodllM. Had tau*. 
 
 »ilhuuliwiegN< 
 buried at St. Olaie'i. Han 
 SirHl. London. 
 
 hn Murins. ol 
 an<r.ck,lD Ibe 
 
 Tlnoua Beobult, 
 
 k2w Tim*. 
 diaflOUeC-iaiU. 
 
 I 1» Chief, 
 
 mn of llH 
 [ Bulclyire 
 
 tViiit— .joiincriollhefijui Henry Ra.!-: 
 
 daugMrr>ofSuniillani. cljll,^. 4lh 
 
 and lairr of Sir Heniy E.>r1 oF Sut- 
 
 SidiWy. ofhnihunl. in wi.K li ttt 
 
 IhecounlyofKrni.KCi, notemor of 
 
 IndBiHe. In bet Hliirni- PntiiiDmib, 
 
 hood >bf wu foumlnie he Ac 
 
 Ilotaii lUdililb, 
 
 
 d iUdei}ir<. 
 
 klcllSe. 
 bomlbAV, married I. 
 
 TbooBiIUd- Muy llvklyff«.(|,lBl 
 
 <l)tt. ot ilauihitr, DTK of 
 
 Oleiulm.. lb. Maid..ifHoi>« 
 
 afuiiK»l.«4. 'oQunnElluWlb. 
 
 tc,r»nfSirFoB- 
 » Hind, of 
 Madil^, <v 
 
 dinllWa. 
 
 Bonhun. 
 
 
 righi claimed 
 
 ■a alio» id tha 
 
 Barvny uf nti «nlicr 
 
 »an£eM Ttaflrl jA, '^ 
 dju uou tolltny 
 tb»li. »5 I - 
 
 < I'M. llanHonh. Sod 
 
 .jlmlil Radclflte. lib? 
 
 =Elanar.dau.nr 
 
 
 
 a»dlatiEorlufiua>i. 
 
 
 lUdehft, 
 
 
 Ac (iifunled hb euu- 
 tin Hulxn lib Earl, 
 
 W«»Jey.i.f 
 Wonky.™ 
 
 ^^ZH: 
 
 
 
 In Hmry 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 mdUihialdwih 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «.Sor- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 T 
 
 
 .irk, AM -lihour 
 
 IjiI ..r U'ar- 
 
 
 
 
 ■y 
 
 1 
 
 r- 
 
 
 1 
 
 BiBbilb Radriylfr. rh 
 
 ia bn blbUi lifc-tiD 
 
 ildanghler. bornllMay ISM. a 
 
 I Lonl RamHt. Vunxint Haddluiun 
 It, aod diad miboul lurrinoj 
 
 Bft^i. dnighiernfSirCbarleicslUibirtllgdclyA). &ih Earl of Sums. K G. Ac. oely ton and hdr^rf™'"'- J™"??"'"*"'"'"'""^'"*"'*""'"*'*^*'' Jane Oarn. only UBi.ani=.Sir wnbam r-oawwk, oftV 
 
 MoniKui. «( CWhIobuiT. In h>>lag lunlint all Xm It^lunat* iaiie. lelllnl Auilbrowb au-l) uf lUnneo. Eae1,ai|. rrliil <^ Robert Mulr. of Holli- hniottvimDibeT. KIT. j ton. afemald. maled a 
 
 the aainly ol Heitt. Lnl. lit dJttftolhei rnancn and lindt uo hi> admiuil iUisitimUedai^b- { ingion. en Cambndp.a^ End »ifi,dijdll!^ot lett. ihenlminj a »ldo«. | net lo Jmo« I. died 1*1! 
 
 xnuioaly alh.] Vikoum^^ibc 
 ir aiifariQi, t,»ri 
 L. Wl\ir>. laji. 
 
 rbk>lof<helhi< 
 
 Mk'hBsl Siaolmw. 
 ufSulInlli.l 
 
 aad lloBoia ILidclylTe. )uur»i Tlonut StA^jt,, n , 
 
 '-■ - - laughtoo.ilwd f k^.l^vdoMbpHanon 
 inbcrblhtl'i .Uulun. ha •<• >laie' 
 
 te Rtdili». Ilk«.ilj> 
 
 ':/ EUdrl^lh. of Ordtioll. IB ibi a 
 
 -omf. ofiC
 
 Book IV.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 415 
 
 CHURCH. 
 
 Contiguous to Clayton, Oswaldtwisle, and Accrington, is Church, so called undoubtedly 
 from the circumstance of its having a place of worship erected within it before it had acquired 
 another name. This is one of the chapels of the old foundation, endowed like all the rest 
 one only excepted, with two oxgangs of land, which measure exactly 32 acres 10 roods. This 
 chapel, dedicated to St. .James, is parochial, and in the patronage of Assheton Lord Curzon. 
 It is a plain and decent building, with a tower, one aile and a choir, all apparently built at 
 one time. No part of the original structure, which was certainly erected as early as the reign 
 of Henry III. from the occurrence of the proper name " de Church," in charters of that period, 
 is now remaining. The present building is of uncertain antiquity, but, from many appearances 
 about it, may be referred to the latter part of the fourteenth or beginning of the fifteenth cen- 
 tury. Here are no monuments or sepulchral memorials of any importmce. 
 
 Of the first lords of this village, I meet with 
 
 Ughtred de Church, s. d. 
 
 Then «ith 
 
 Peter del Church, 
 
 Helias de Church, 
 
 Alexander, his son. 
 
 All these were clearly prior to the reign of Edward II. for in the year 1311, 4th of that 
 reign, it was found in the great inquisition post mortem Hen. de Lacy, that Rob. de Rishton 
 held in Chirch 
 
 1 carucate of freehold land for the render of - - - - _ - 6 
 And doing suit and service from three weeks to three weeks, at Clitheroe - 
 At the same time Oswaldtwisle appears to have been included within Chirch, for it was 
 found also that 
 
 William de Radclifl' held in Chirch 2 carucates in thanage, for the 
 
 render of ----------- iqo 
 
 And suit of court. 
 
 Yet it is found, . . Edward III. that Richard de Ratcliffe held 2 carucates of land in Os- 
 waldtwisle and Duckworth, by military service. This however was an usurpation. 
 
 The different branches of the Rishtons who sprung from the neighbouring villao^e of that 
 name, but became extinct in the last century, had large property in this and the adjoining 
 townships. They held Dunkenhaigii, Poutalgh, Dunnishop, and Antley. 
 
 In a charter of the reign of Henry VI. relating to Church, I have met with an attestation 
 of the famous Sir Bertine Eintwisell, viscount and baron of Bolebec, which seems to confirm 
 our claim to him as a Lancashire man. 
 
 In the inquisition of 1650, Lambeth MSS. .912, it was found that the parochial chapelry 
 of Church consisted of Church, Oswaldtwisle, Huncote, and part of Clayton, containing two 
 hundred families, that the minister, James Rigby, A.M. received ^.10. per annum, from 
 the rectory, and ^.30. from the commissioners of the county, and that the inhabitants de- 
 sired to be made a parish. 
 
 "Mr.
 
 416 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. IV. 
 
 " Mr. Rigby was ordained by the presbytery of Blackborne, at Church Kirke, the first of 
 August, 1648 *." Supposing these men to have been duly quaHfied to confer holy orders, the 
 circumstance of ordaining upon the place, and of exacting from the candidate solemn engage- 
 ments .for the discharge of his duty, in the face of the congregation which he Ijad been 
 appointed to serve, was primitive and proper. 
 
 In order to throw things of a sort together, and because great part of this history was 
 printed off before I met with the MS. below, I will put down from thence a few particulars 
 which I have gleaned out of it. 
 
 I have said, p. 159, that I have not been able to learn in which of the presbyterian classes 
 in Lancashire, Whalley was included, neither indeed am I yet informed of the number; the 
 following, however, are a few of their proceedings : 
 
 Mr. John Bell, minister of Accrington, approved by the classis at Whalley, Dec. 5, 1647. 
 
 Mr. John Briars, minister of Padiham, nominated in the ordinance for the classis. 
 
 Mr. Henry Morris, minister of Burnley, do. 
 
 Mr. Richard Redman, minister of Low Church, in Walton, do. 
 
 Mr. John Brown, minister of Newchurch, in Pendle, approved by the committee of 
 
 ministers at Whalley, March 11, 1646. 
 Mr. Lapage, approved by the classis at Whalley for the same. May 8, 1648. 
 Mr. Barnard, ordained Dec. 4, l649, at the chapel of Over-Darwen, by the classis of 
 
 Blackborne Hundred. 
 
 HJSLLXGDEN. 
 
 On a bold, but somewhat bleak elevation, in the midst erf that great aperture between the 
 hills which connects the parish of Whalley with that of Bury, and the low country of Lanca- 
 shire to the South, is the populous and thriving town of Haslingden, so called undoubtedly 
 from the groves of that shrub, which, in the once woody state of the country, overspread the 
 deans or bottoms beneath. That they have been so oveispread, is attested by great quantities 
 of roots which are frequentl)' turned up in digging. 
 
 Here is a parochial chapel of the old foundation, dedicated to St. James, and in the pa- 
 tronage of the vicar of Whalley, originally endowed with one oxgang, or about fifteen acres of 
 land only. 
 
 It was rebuilt about thirty years ago, in a plain, substantial, and convenient manner. The 
 old tower however remains, as does the font, which is of Henry Vlllth's time. It bears, in 
 different compartments, on two sides, the arms of Towneley, of Towneley, and Townley, of 
 Royle: on a third, another shield, charged with five escallop shells 3 and 2, of which I know 
 not to what family it belonged: and, on a fourth, the cypher, in old English characters D. p. 
 From all these circumstances, I conjecture it to have been an offering of Gilbert Holden, of 
 Holden, whose mother was a daughter of Royle, and his father one of the Esquires to Sir 
 Richard Towneley, of Towneley, whom, in 134D, lie appointed superintendant of his will, 
 by the name of " his master." 
 
 * MS. entitled Minister's Orders, 1649, pen. L. P. Starkie, arm. 
 
 In
 
 Book IV.— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 417 
 
 In the old church was an aisle on the North side of the choir belonging to the family of 
 Rawsthorne, of Newhall, in Tottington, and another on the South side belonging to the 
 Holdens, of Holden, but purchased by the inhabitants in order to preserve the uniformity of 
 the new erection. 
 
 A brass plate, upon a stone before the steps of the altar, commemorates the late rector of 
 Whitechapel, a native of this place, with the excusable partiality of surviving friendship. 
 
 Juxta paternos et matemos cineres 
 
 suos hie humari voluit 
 
 Johannes Holmes, S. T. P. 
 
 Coll. -^nci Nasi aj)ud Oxonienses olim socius, 
 
 deinde 
 
 ecclesiae beatae Mari?e de Whitechapel, Londini, 
 
 rector. 
 
 Ab amicis superstitibus hac tabula 
 
 posterorum siuiul laudibus comuit-ndatus, 
 
 vir sincerus, urbanus, amabilis, 
 
 erga parentes apprime pius, 
 
 Amicis praecipue benignus et jucundus, 
 
 caeteris omnibus comitate morum acceptissimus, 
 
 regno et ecclesiae Anglicanis, 
 
 utpote felici quodam temperamento constitutis, 
 
 amore et reverentia fideliter devinctus, 
 
 evangelii denique minister 
 
 doctrina, moribus, fide ornatus, • 
 
 , spectabilis, incorruptus. 
 
 Obiit die Augusti 17mo. 
 
 Anno aetat. 5lmo. Domini 1795. 
 
 By inquisition taken at Blackburn, June 25th, I650, it was found, that the parochial 
 chaj)elry of Haslingden consisted of the township of that name, and of part of Rossendale, viz. 
 Newhali-hey, part of Rawtonstall Booth, Oakenheadwood Booth, Constable-lee-Booth, and 
 jiart of Crawshaw Booth, consisting together of three hundred families; that the minister was 
 Mr. Robert Gilbert, suspended by the divines (we are not told for what ofience), and that the 
 inhabitants desire to be made a parish. Lambeth MSS. 
 
 By inquisition taken after the death of Henry de Lacy, the last earl of Lincoln, A. D. 
 1311, there were found in Haslingden, 
 
 Demised to tenants at will 123 acres 1 rood - - - - 
 
 (Free tenants) Dns. Rob. de Holland, pro le Ewood 
 
 Rob. de Holden --------- 
 
 Adam de Holden, Go acres ------- 
 
 3 H Th« 
 
 ^. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 - 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 - 
 
 .5 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 

 
 418 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book IV.— Chap. IV. 
 
 The smallness of this last sum implies a grant of very high antiquity. Of the estate of 
 Holden (so called from pol cava and bene convallis, (see Thoresby's Due. in voc. Holebeck,) 
 it is extraordinary, that though indisputably freehold at first, and once, anno I4II, conveyed 
 even as a manor, it has long since been degraded into a copyhold, a circumstance not easily 
 accounted for, but by supposing that in the days of feodal rigor, some owner voluntarily sunk 
 his estate from a nobler to a baser tenure, in order to avoid the burdens of wardship, reliefs, 
 &c. to which lands holding in socage were equally exposed with those held by military 
 service. 
 
 Holden has given name to a very antient famil)^, whose descent, transcribed from a vellum 
 roll belonging to the last owner, but corrected or confirmed by many ancient charters, is as 
 follows : 
 
 Pedigree of Holden. 
 
 Arms. A chevron. Ermine, in base, a cup, covered. Argent. 
 
 Robert de Holden. 
 
 I 
 John de Holden. 
 
 I 
 Robert de Holden. 
 
 , I 
 
 Gilbert de Holden.=pAnne de Antwistle, living in the time of Hen. III. 
 
 I ' 
 
 Robert de Hoklen.=pJohanna de .Schofield, living 1311. 
 
 I 1 
 
 Robert, died without issue. Adam de Holden, living 1333.=pAlice, daughter of . . . Barton, of Barton. 
 
 _u 
 
 I ~~ 1 
 
 Robert de Holden, died=Susanna, daughter of . . . Torkington, Nicholas Holden, died=pEUen, daughter 
 without issue. of Torkington. about 1350. of 
 
 I : — " r 
 
 .Tohn Holden, died without issue,=lsabtl, daughter of . . . Bradshaw, Robert Holden.=pEframe, daughter of 
 
 in the time of Richard II. of Bradshaw. | . . . Kenvon. 
 
 r ■ ' 
 
 Adam Holden, living 1386.=pAlice, daughter ot Sir Thomas Kelke. 
 
 1 
 
 Robert Holden, living l3S5.=pElizabeth, daughter of John Hussey, of Sleeford, 
 
 I ancestor to the Lord Hussey. 
 
 I ' 
 
 Adam Holden, living 141 l.:^Alice, daughter of William Holland, of Heaton. 
 
 r T-^ n 
 
 Christopher Holden, living=p Ralph Holden, abbot of Whallev. John Holden, of .\ighton, 30tl> 
 
 18 Henry VI. j ' Henry VI. 
 
 1 1 
 
 1. Joane, daughter of . . . Rishton.=pllalph Holden, living 30 Henry VI. =2. Douce, living 22 Edward IV. 
 
 Henry Holden, living 4 Edwaid IV. ^Margery, daughter of Thomas Hasyngton. 
 
 r ' 
 
 Thomas Holden, living in the time of Henry VII.:^Agnes, daughter of George Langton, of Lowe. 
 
 I 1 
 
 Gilbert Holden, died about I.549.=pGrace, daughter of Nicholas Townley, of Royle, esq. 
 
 J 
 
 Ralph Holden.^Elizabeth, daughter of Adam. Christopher. Thomas, monk of Whalley, and afterwarcb 
 Richard Elston, of curate of Haslingden, living 1.5*4. 
 
 Brockhull. 
 I , 
 
 Robert Holden.=pAlice, daughter of Nicholas Banister, of .Vlthain, esq. 
 
 I ' 
 
 Ralph Holden.=pMary, daughter of William Chorley, of Chorley. 
 
 ■^ 
 See the following page.
 
 Book IV,— Chap. IV.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 419 
 
 Ral])h Hnlden.=pMaiy Chorley. 
 I 
 
 Robert Hoklen *.-T-Maiy, daughter of Alexander Chorley, of Lincoln's Inn. 
 
 r ' 
 
 Ralph Holden.^Susan, daughter of Edward llishlon, of Dunishojie. 
 
 I 
 
 Robert Hol(len.=pC'atherine, daughter of Leonard Clayton, A. 1\L vicar of Blackburn^ 
 I and wi(li)\v of . . . Warren. Reg. Hatl. 1678. 
 
 r ' 
 
 Kal;)h Holden, born 168I,=^Frances, daughter of William Davenport, 
 
 (lied about 1/07. j of Bronihall. 
 
 I 
 
 Robert Holden, born about 1701, and killed by a fall at Sjjotland Bridge,=pMartha, daughtii- of Thomas Gilbody, of 
 near Rochdale, 1730. j Hea]>-Ridings. 
 
 1 ^ n 
 
 Ralph Holden, born about 172i!,r:pMary, daughter of John Holden, Martha, unmavned. 
 
 died 1778. j of Palace-House, gent. 
 
 Ralph Holden, last heir male of the family, Frances.=Hugh Taylor, esti Elizabeth =j=Henry Greenwood, esq. 
 
 died without iisue, April H, 179*^. without issue. 
 
 John Greenwood. 
 
 * He was the first protestant in the family, for which reason his father left the estate of Kelke to charitable uses, 
 Holden and Duckworth lieing settled. 
 
 BOOK
 
 420 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. I. 
 
 BOOR V. 
 
 PARISHES SEVERED FROM WHALLEY, BEFORE AND SINCE THE 
 
 CONQUEST. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PARISH OF BLACKBURN. 
 
 xVN opulent and respectable town in a most unmarked and barren situation, on the bank of 
 an inconsiderable brook anciently called the " Blakeburn" or Yellow Stream *, which having 
 transferred its own appellation to the place, is itself become anonymous. 
 
 The first mention of Blackburn is contained in Domesday Book, where we read that " Rex 
 Edwardus tenuit Blakeburne ; ibi duo hidae et duo carucatae terrae : Ecclesia habebat duo bo- 
 vatas de hac terra." 
 
 At what period, antecedent to this survey, the church of Blackburn was founded and 
 endowed, it is now impossible to ascertain ; but a chain of evidence, reaching nearly from that 
 time will prove that though a glebe of two oxgangs of lanri was allotted to it from the be- 
 ginning, the manor and advowson were early united, that the benefice was held for several 
 descents by the lords of the town, and that they required, in order to institution, the same 
 commendatory letters from the chief lord of the see, which we have noticed under the deanery 
 of Whalley. 
 
 There are also many circumstances which lead to a conclusion that the family de Blackburn, 
 lords, patrons, and incumbents, of this town and church, were a branch from the decanal 
 house of Whalley. That this parish was severed during the existence of the deanery from the 
 original parish of Whalley, and not only endowed with its own tithes, but, on account of its 
 barrenness, with a fourth part of those of Whalley also, is certain; that the deans should con 
 sent to so large a defalcation from their own benefice, but for the advantage of a son or other 
 near relative is highly improbable: that the church of Rochdale, which arose at a later period, 
 was actually founded for the same purpose, may be clearly proved, and, in addition to this 
 evidence, the armorial bearings of the Blackburn family, viz. a fess undy between three mullets, 
 
 * The word " blake" in this sense is still familiar in the north of Lancashire, an<l the brook is thus denominated 
 in charters of the thirteenth centiuy, and even as late as 1577, by Harrison, in his Description of Britain. 
 
 which
 
 Book v.— Chap. I.J HISTORY OF WHALLEY, 421 
 
 ■which differ very Httle from those borne by the first hne of the Townleyj, immediate de- 
 scendants from the last dean, seem to evince that both were branches of the same parent stock. 
 We will now attend to the combination of evidence* which proves the union of this manor 
 and advowson, as well as that peculiar riglit of paramount patronage in the Lacies, which was 
 considered under the Deanery of Whalley. 
 
 1st, Then, Henry de Lacy the first, grants the churcli of Blakeburn to Henry the clerk of 
 Blakeburn, as fully as Johannes, &c. had held it. 
 
 Then follows a confirmation, which at that time had the effect of institution, from Richard 
 Peeke, Bishop of Litchfield, of this grant to the said Henry, as fully as Gamaliel, or Gilbert, 
 or his other " antccessores" had held it. This was between the year llGl, when Peeke became 
 Bishop of Litchfield, and 11 82, when he died. 
 
 2dly, Appears a grant from Robert de Lacy, who died in II93, to Adam de Blackburn, his 
 clerk, of that mediety of the church which Richard his antecessor had held. 
 
 3dly, In the next place, John de Lacy being desirous to confer this benefice on the monks 
 of Stanlaw, about the year I230, purchased from Richard de Hulton, to whom the mediety of 
 Adam had descended by marriage, all his right in the advowson of the church of Blackburn. 
 
 • This object being attained, the next step vvas a grant to the abbey of Stanlaw, from John 
 de Lacy, of the same mediety, with the chapels of Law and Samlesbury ; followed by au 
 appropriation under the seal of tJie Chapter of Litchfield, dated 1230, and confirmed by 
 Alexander de'Sevensby, bishop of Litchfield, 1238. 
 
 Soon afterwards, having obtained the second mediety from Roger, son of another Adam, 
 who writes himself Compersona de Blakeburne, this munificent benefactor bestowed that also 
 on the same house. The latter grant was confirmed at Iglitenhill, by Edmund de Lacy, A. D. 
 1251, and the mediety appropriated by Roger, bishop of Litchfield, J 259. The whole church 
 now being acquired by the monks, an augmentation of the vicarage, for of the first endowment 
 the traces are very obscure, took place under the administration of Roger de Meuland. 
 
 This instrument, which is the endowment of tlse present vicarage, bears date at Heywood, 
 one of the episcopal palaces of Litchfield, 14 kal. Mar. 1277, and ordains that the said vicarage 
 shall consist in a competent manse heretofore assigned to the vicar, in two oxgangs of land, the 
 original and the present glebe, and in forty marks payable by the abbot and convent of Stanlaw, 
 •in the same church, at the festivals of Easter and Michaelmas, by equal portions. 
 
 The following table will afford a synopsis of these transactions: 
 
 EccI: de 
 Blackburn 
 cum Caps 
 
 Don. utr: mod. dns. Job. de Lacy 
 Conf. Imam. med. Ale.\. ep. Litch. 
 
 de Law & ^L')iif. '2dain. nicd. Rog. Ep. & Cimv. dc Covent. 
 
 c„.,,i^K,,r,. .t !'■ P. Alex. 4tus. conf. utramq. 
 
 Old. idee vicai'ise per Rog. epum — r277- 
 
 Conf. ordinationis pw Job. Peckham, Abp. Can*. 
 
 Samlesbury & 
 Portione 4ta 
 de Wballey. , 
 
 * This chain of evidence has been combined partly out of materials ifuiaining in the Coucher Book, but prinei- 
 pally out of a noble series of original charters now remaining in the chest of the parish church at Blackburn, from the 
 zera of deeds without date, in the possession of the Blackburnes ; through that of the K:idcliff», B:^rton^, and Faucon- 
 bergs, down to the final alienation of their moiety about eiglity years ago. In one part of this .series the seals of the 
 Radclifff, of Eggworth, and Tingrcaxc, with the double bends, are in high preservation indeed — a feast to the eyee 
 of an antiquary. 
 
 From
 
 422 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. I. 
 
 From these evidences also, which are found in the Coucher Book of Whalley, tit. 3. may 
 be collected the following table of the hereditary rectors and lords of Blackburn; nearly from 
 
 the conquest. 
 
 Gamaliel. 
 
 I 
 Gilbert. 
 
 I 
 
 Johannes. 
 , I 
 
 Henricus, Clericus de Blackburn, held 
 the whole churi-h about llO'O. 
 
 Ilichard. held Adam, son of Henry, held 
 one inediely. the other mediety. 
 
 J 
 
 Adam. Roger, conipcisona, who 
 
 assigned his moiety to 
 John de Lacy. 
 
 I 1 
 
 Agnes. =pDa^ id de Beatrice, s. p.=William de Hulton, 
 
 I Hulton. his brother. 
 
 Ilichard de Hulton, appears to have 
 been son of David and Agnes. 
 
 The first Vicar of Blackburn under the ordination of Roger de Meuland, was 
 William de Lenches, who promised " in verbo sacerdotis' not to j)rocure any farther aug- 
 mentation. He occurs in 12S9*. 
 
 Next, but after a long interval, appears Adam or John de Gristhwaite, about 1360 -jf. 
 Then, William Wetherby, 1384:}:. Geoffry Banister, 1419. 
 Henry Salley, Monk of Whalley, 1480 ^. 
 
 Afterwards the parish register supplies the following names : 
 John Morres, who occurs A. D. 1608. Adam Bolton, I634. 
 Leonard Clayton, A. M. He was son of the family of Little Harvvood, 
 Francis Price, A. M. He built the present vicarage house, and was a very active and useful 
 man, resolute in the defence of his church's rights in the reign of James H ||. 
 John Holme, died 1738, aged 63. 
 John Potter, A. M. son of Archbishop Potter, afterwards D. D. and Dean of Canterbury, 
 
 1770. 
 
 John Woollen, A.M. Rector of Emley, Yorkshire, I742. 
 
 John White, A. B. brother to the elegant historian of Selborne, and himself an excellent 
 naturalist, 'ij~2^. 
 
 Thomas Starkie, A.M. late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, instituted I780, 
 the present respectable and worthy incumbent. 
 
 * 16 Cal. Jul. 1317, Tins. Adam de VValbonk, inst. Vic. de Blackburn, vac. per mort. Qui. de Lench. 
 
 t Id. Oct. 1362, Joh. de Lyndtlay, CI. inst. Vic. de Blackburn. 
 
 X Inst. 1369. 
 
 § Dec. 16, 14S9, Hon. Salley, mon. inst. vie. Blackburn, post mort. Dns. Rob. Salley. Reg. Litchfield. 
 
 II Vide Langho and Darwen. 
 
 ^ He left in MS a natural history of Gibraltar, where he had long residt.-d as chaplain to the garrison. 
 
 The
 
 Book V.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 42$ 
 
 The history of the church of Blackburn being now deduced to the i)rcsent period, it re- 
 mains that we trace the descents of the manor* to which the advowson was originally regardant, 
 and with which it long continued to be united. 
 
 The reader, however, in order to understand the following details, must bear in mind that, 
 under the successive alienations of the two niedieties of the church, the demesnes and other 
 rights of the manor of Blackburn, which had been divided with the former, and had, like the 
 demesnes of Whalley, grown to be considered as rectorial glebe, were also included. Ac- 
 cordingly when John de Lac}' acquired the first mediety from the Hultons as representatives of 
 Adam de Blackburn, he bestowed a moiety of the church with all its rights, as distinct from 
 those of the manor, upon the Abbot and Convent of Stanlaw, but having purchased the second 
 mediety from Roger the last " compersona" he transferred to the same house tiie whole de- 
 mesne and other manerial rights belonging to this portion, besides those of the church properly 
 so called. Those of course remained parcel of the possessions of the abbey of Stanlaw and 
 Whalley successively, and after the dissolution were re-granted by Edward Vlth to the see of 
 Canterbury, in which they are still vested, togetlier unquestionably with half the manerial 
 rights as well as half the ancient manerial demesne of the town of Blackburn-^. 
 
 But I have already said that John de Lacy was more reserved in his bounty with respect to 
 the moiety of Adam de Blackburn, and in his concession to the abbey of Stanlaw, actually 
 severed once more from that mediety of the church, the moiety of the manerial rights and 
 demesne which had been attached to it by the Blackburns, in consequence of having, for 
 several succeeding generations, sustained the united character of lords and incumbents. 
 
 Accordingly, Lacy having received a quit claim from Richard dc Ilulton of all his right ip 
 the advowson of Blackburn, re-grants to him eight oxgangs of land in Blackburn, which were 
 in fact a moiety of the very demesnes in question, but without any mention of the manor, 
 which, of course vested in himself as grantee of the whole under Hulton, beside his right as 
 chief lord of the fee. 
 
 Thus matters rested with respect to this moiety of the demesnes of Blackburn, till 8 Ed- 
 ward IIL when Richard de Hulton quit-claimed all his lands in Blackburn to Robert de Rad- 
 clifFe, younger son of Richard de Radcliffe, of Radclifte. This Robert had a son, William, 
 the first of his name settled at Smethelis, who bore arms, two bends engrailed, Sable, from 
 whom Sir Raphe Radcliffe, whose daughter and sole heir Johanna married Robert Barton, of 
 Holme, progenitor of the Bartons, of Smethelis; and, in the iiOth of Henry Vllth is a letter 
 of attorney from John Barton, of Smethelis, son of this marriage, enipowerins.^ Robert Rush- 
 ton to receive possession of the manor oF Blackburn, from Joan Barton, widow. 
 
 This is one instance among many, both in this county and that of York, in which a 
 carucate, /. e. eight oxgangs, or any other very considerable portion of the demesnes of a 
 township, when granted out at an early period, in a course of years, first comes to be described 
 
 * Tlie connexion of the several manors within the parishes of Blackburn, Ribchester, and Chipping, and tlie 
 paramount fee is veiy feeble, consisting only of some small prescriptive payments, and (he duty of attending by their 
 constables the great leet at Clithero Castle. 
 
 t After the division of this manor and benefice, I think it urobable tliat the residence of one of the branches, 
 before the alienation of their respective moieties, was at Audiey Hall, an<l the other at the place called the Little Peele, 
 where a mote still marks the site of a »cry ancient mansion. 
 
 a^
 
 42 1 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. I. 
 
 as a manor, and the owners are gradually found to enter upon the exercise of manerial rights 
 without any formal grant: for, in all the conveyances of the Radcliffes, during their posses- 
 sion, I meet with no vestige of the name, but in all succeeding times, even to the last sale of 
 the premises, which will be noticed below, manerial rights have actually been exercised by the 
 holders of this moiety as for the whole manor of Blackburn, notwithstanding the far superior 
 claim of the see of Canterbury to the other moiety. 
 
 The House of Smethells, which still remains entire, is delightfully situated on one of the 
 first ascents from the great plain of Lancashire. It forms a complete quadrangle of wood and 
 stone, two sides of which (one having a rude corridore supported on wooden posts, and the 
 other forming the hall, butteries, &c. is certaiuly not later than Henry VI. probably earlier. 
 The hall itself, now spoiled by a ceiling drawn across it at the square, by Sir Rowland Bellasis, 
 has a fine arched roof in oak, not unlike that of Samlesbury, but later and inferior to it. The 
 other two sides of the quadrangle are of Henry theVIIIth's time, and contain a dining-room 
 and some chambers Htted up in the richest style of wainscot-work known in that age. The 
 pannels are fluted in relief, and are finished at top with a rich Gothic cornice. Beneath are seve- 
 ral cvphers of the Bartons, and one of a RadclifFe, together with many heads in profile, well cut in 
 oak, and enclosed within medallions. This room has a deep rectangular embayed window. Scat- 
 tered over the house are many squares of painted glass, with large tuns, and the letters BAR, in 
 lar^e characters, inscribed over them. The chapel (still domestic, and well fitted up for the use 
 of the family and tenants) was rebuilt about seventy years ago, but from the arms of Archbishop 
 Cranmer, in the East window, appears to have succeeded a former cotemporary with that 
 part of the building to which it was attached. But many human bones having been found 
 under the dining-room, it is probable that a still earlier chapel hud stood upon that site. In a 
 passage near the door of the dining-room, is a natural cavity in a flagg, somewhat resembling a 
 man's foot, with a picked shoe, and this appearance has occasioned a tradition that the martyr 
 Marsh, when brought before tlie then owner of Smethells for exuminatiun, stamped upon the 
 place, and made a miraculous impression upon the stone, in confirmation of the truth of his 
 opinions. The Bartons of this place held (as per Inq. Townley MSS.) the manors of Smethells, 
 Tino-reave, Hole, and a moiety of the manor of Blackburn. But Smethells is dependent on 
 the superior manor of Sharpies, the lord of which claims from the owner of this place a pair 
 of gilt spurs annually, and by a very similar and inconvenient custom, the unlimited use of the 
 cellar at Smethells for a week in every year. It does not appear, however, that the lord of 
 Smethells was bound to the quantity or quality of the liquor with which his cellars were then 
 to be stored. 
 
 Sir Robert Barton, Knt. was buried in the quire at Bolton, 1659, under a plain stone; and 
 un<ler an adjoining one, Sir Rowland Bellasis, K. B. 1699., and Lady Anne, his wife. Sir 
 Rowhuid was remembered, b}- some aged people not long dead, to have been buried from 
 Smethells by torch light. After his death the estate was sold (whether immediately I am not 
 sure) to the Byroms, of Manchester, from whom it has been lately alienated for ^.21,000. to 
 Mr. Aynsworth, an opulent manufacturer in the neighbourhood. Another instance of an 
 ancient estate swallowed up in the great moder 1 vortex. 
 
 To return ; (irace, daughter and heiress of Thomas Barton, of Smethells, esq. married 
 Henrv, son of Henrv first viscount Fauconberg, whose descendant, Thomas viscount Faucon- 
 
 berg,
 
 Book V.— Chap. I.} HiSTORY OF U'HALLEV. 425 
 
 berg, in tlie year 1721, sold tlie manor of Blackburn (so entitled) with its appurtenances, to 
 William Baldwin, Henry Fieldeii, and William Sudell, gents, for the sum of 5^.8650. 
 
 In a long contest between Lord Fauconberg and the town, in the last century, many ob- 
 scure hints were thrown out of the manor being in the see of Canterbury, but from ignorance 
 of the real state of the case, each partv pretended to the whole ; whereas the claim of the 
 archbishop was to an original moiety of the genuine manor; and that of the Fauconberg 
 family to manerial rights over the other moiety, which had arisen out of usage and sufferance. 
 
 In acknowledgment, however, of the paramount right of the honor of Clitheroe, the lords 
 of the manor of Blackburn have for time immemorial paid an ancient chief rent of 4*. per 
 annum, and Gs. Sd. for tolls and stallage. 
 
 In the church of Blackburn no part of the original structure* remains: the basis of the 
 present building may be of the age of Edward III. if not later, but the middle aile and choir 
 were handsomely roofed in compartments early in the reign of Henry V III. The north 
 chapel 'Y "^s the property and place of sepulture of the ancient family of the Osbaldestons, 
 of whom, however, there are the following memorials: ' 
 
 " M. S. 
 
 " Edvardi Osbaldeston de Osbaldcston Armigeri Natalibus clarl, animi vero magnitudine 
 ingenioque clarioris, qui (postquam notis omnibus gratus xxxviii vixisset annos) hie re- 
 quiescere voluit donee omnipotente Christi Redemptoris voce ad aeternam gioriam resuscita- 
 bitur induendam. Mortales deposuit exuvias Calend. Junii mdclxxxix."^ 
 
 On a brass plate, affixed to the wall, is the head of a bearded man in armour, with the 
 arms of Osbaldeston above, and this inscription beneath : — 
 
 " HERE LYETH THE BODY OF S'' EDW ARD OSBALDESTON, A CHARITABLE, COURTEOUS, 
 AND VALIANT KNIGHT, ftUI OBIIT A. D. l6^6, .1:TATIS 6,3." 
 
 The south chapel was enlarged and raised above the aile which it terminates, for the foun- 
 dation of a chantry, A. D. I514, and exactly a century after, was divided by an award between 
 the Talbots of Salesbury, and the Walmsleys of Dunkelhalgh, as representatives of the 
 Rushtons, whose estates they had purchased, and who probably dated their property in this 
 aile from the time when they branched out from the ancient rectors and lords of Blackburn. 
 The north part belongs to Salesbury, and the south to Dunkenhalgh. In a niche yet remain- 
 ing, was a magnificent monument, erected to the memory of Sir Thomas Walmsley, the judge. 
 But the recess only remains, for the monument itself, which was an exact counterpart of that 
 of Anne, duchess of Somerset, in Westminster Abbey, (vide Dart's Westminster, vol. I. 
 p. 131,) was demolished by the Parliament's soldiers, A. D. 1642 §. 
 
 Foundation deeds of chantries are so rare, and the following, which relates to this chapel, 
 
 * John son of Henry de Blackbuine, left an annual rem of four livres to God and the Church of St. Mary at 
 Blackburne, to sustain two torches at the high altar of the parbh church of that place, for the souls of his father, 
 mother, ancestoi-s, and heirs. 
 
 t By a singular custom the owner of this chapel prescribes to nominate the parish clerk. 
 
 * MS. notes of Mr. Money, formerly agent at Dunkenhalgh. 
 
 § From the memoranda of Mr. Money, formerly agent at Dunkelhalgh. For the epitaph, viJe that place. 
 
 3 I *o
 
 426 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY, [Book V.— Chap. t. 
 
 so extremely curioiiSj that I make no apology for inserting it at length, though from a copy 
 somewhat defective. 
 
 " This Indenture triptit' maid betwene the right honorable Lord Thomas Erie of Darbie, 
 on the one p'tie, the church masters or church reves of the p'rish church of Blackeburne, in 
 the contie of Lane', now being, for the hole p'ishen's of the said p'ishe and in their name, on the 
 other j/tie, w itnesseth that, where the said church reves and p'ishen's have purciiased certain 
 landes, tenements, and hereditaments, p'cel freholde, and the other copyhold and custome 
 lands, w'in the counties of Lancaster and Yorke, ptcularly specified in a schedule annexed unto 
 theis p'sent indentures, as by certayne evidences conserning the pr'messes playnely doth appere, 
 towards sustentation of a Chauntor — Chauntirie to be maid fond and establyslicd for ever in 
 the chapel! of our blessed ( ) in the soutlie side of the said p'rish church of Blacke- 
 
 burne, and also said Thomas Erie blessed and charitable minde, & for 
 
 the zele & good love thiU he hath and bereth to certaine of his copyhold and 
 
 costome landes called tiie Eggye-heye, being in Brunley, in the said countie, of theyerely 
 rent of xv. over all charges all which landes and tenementes afore rehearsed, as well 
 
 freehold as copyhold, shall be sufficiently and surely conveyed to the lawful estate & posses- 
 sionne of the saide Erie of Darbie, and yeve from and by the said Erie of Darbie to John 
 Yorke, Georg Cowburne, Raufe Waddyntonne, Raufe Critrhlawe, Henrie Fieldene, Willm. 
 Yshervvood, Xpopher Mersden, Richard Crosse, Willm. Holden, Roger Wallay, Xpopher 
 Bolton, Richard Hawkeshaye, to have, &c. 
 
 & intent of the susteuation of the Chauntrie and of a Chantre Prest to the s\me, to continue 
 for ever, according to certain covenantes, grantes, ordenances, and articls, hereafter insuing, 
 concerning tlie establishyng and foundation of the said Chantre, hit is now covenanted, 
 grauntyd, accorded, and agreed, by theis presents, betwene the p'tes above said, for them, 
 ther heires, and successors for ever, concerning the ordenances, foundation, and establishyng 
 of the said Chauntrie and Chanteer Prests of the same, from henceforthe successively hereafter 
 to continue for ever, shall be founders of the said Chantrie and Patrones of the said Chaunter 
 Priests there, and shall (have) the noniinationn, making and putting in of all the said Chantrie 
 Prestes there for ever ; and that ye said Erie w'in xx dayes next after ye date of thes p'sents, 
 by his wryting under his scale, shall name and make Sir Edmund Bolton, Chantre Prest of 
 the said Chantre, and to by gyve the said Chantri, w'h all the land belonging to the same, to 
 have and to injoy ye same Chantri and Lands to the said Sir Edmund during his life, in seke- 
 ness and in health, the said Priest serving the said Cliantri according to this p'sent ordenance 
 and foundatio'; and that ye said erle and his heres withi' xx daies next after that he or the shall 
 have knowleg' of the decease of ye said Sir Edmund, or of any other next avoidance of ye said 
 Chauntri, by resignation, amotion, privatio', surrender, or other wayes, from ye said 
 
 p'ishen's, shall name, make, and put in by their writing, any other honest secular prest, and no 
 reguler, sufficiently lerned in gramer and playn song, yf any such can be gotten, that shall kepe 
 continually a fre gramer schole, and maintaine and kepe the one syde of the quere, as one man 
 n)ay, in his surplice, every holiday throughout the yere, to be Chantrie Prest ther during his 
 lyfe; and in lykwyse with' xx days after such voydance of the said Chauntri, by death, resig- 
 nation, privation, surrender, or other wayes, of every other Chauntrie Prest there, and after 
 knowleg' thereof gevn to the said erle and his heres, &c. that the said Erie of Darbie, and 
 his heres for evar, by ther writing under ther seal shall nam, make, and put in another able 
 
 secular
 
 Book v.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF \VHALLE\. 42T 
 
 secular Prest, sufficiently lerned in gramer and plane song, that shall kepe a fre gramer scole 
 continually in Blackburne aforesaid, and shall maintayne the one side of the quere in the said 
 p'ish church of Blackburn to his power every holyday at tym of ye devine service ther, and if 
 it fortune at any voidance of any Chantri Prest tli'n hereafter as is aforesaid that no secular 
 Prest can be fond that is able and sufficiently lerned in gramer and j)lan songe, ther to learne 
 and do as is aforesaid, then the said erle and his heres shall name, make, and put in, within 
 XX dales next following, another able secular Prest, that is expert, and can sing both pricke 
 song and plane songe, and hath a sight in Descant, if any such can be gotten, which shall teach 
 a fre Song Scol in Blackburne aforesaid, and also shall kepe the quere in the said p'ish church, 
 every holyday through the yere, at the time of al devine service kept there ; and if no such 
 Prest can be sotten, then the said erle and his heres to name and make such another able 
 secular Prest to be Chantri Prest ch'wardens ther for the time being, shall think that shall 
 be most sufficient for the maintenance of the quere service in the said churche, 
 
 and to kepe ther a fre gramer or song schole heres put in no such Chantri Prest ther 
 
 according as is afore expressed, within tyme limited, that ye said churchwardens for ye tym 
 being shall p'vid' put in and make gra't of the said Chantri and land, and for evy such tyme 
 only, to a like able seculer Prest, as is aforesaid, to serve ye saide Chantri for terme of his lyf 
 witht or interruption of the said erle or his heres. Also it is agreed between ye saide 
 
 pties, that none of the saide Prests shall be Prish Prest ther, or take any other cure or charge 
 upon him, other than according to the present ordenance and fondation of ye said Chantri, 
 saving alwaies, that if it happen any Chantrie Prest to take any moneye & profit, to say any 
 trental or trentals, or otherwise to pray for any soule or soules, otherwise than is specified in 
 this psent fondation, that then evy of them that take any such moneye or profit, shall pay one 
 halfe thereof towards the repa'tion or making of the ornements or oV things necessary for the 
 saide Chantri, by the order, sight, and assent, or appointment, of the said church reves ther 
 for the time being. 
 
 " Also it is agreed, ordained, and established, by the said p'ties to those p'sents, that the 
 saide Sir Edmund Bolton, and other Chantri Prest of ye saide Chantri for ever, in all ther 
 masses duely pray, speking by name for the soules of Thomas Erie of Darbie, late deceased, 
 and my Lady his wyfF, & Georg' Stanley Lord Strange, &, my Lady Jane & their Children, 
 & for the prosperous estate of the saide Erie of Derby, & of my Ladie of Derbie his vviff, & 
 for their issue & posteritie for ever ; and furthermore for ye welfare of all ye p'rishioners of ye 
 saide P'rish, and of all other which have bene benefactors, helpers, assistants, or contributors, 
 to the purchasing of any lands, juel, or ornament, or any thing appertaining to the saide 
 Chantri quick or dead, & for all christyne soules ; and that every of ye saide Chantri* Prest, 
 then for ever, every Sonday and holiday in the yere after the ofiering of his masse, shall turn 
 hym to the peple and exhort them to prayr for all ye said psons, and ( ) for ther 
 
 soules the salme of De pfudis with a Pter noster and an Ave Maria, and with special suffrages 
 after, and funeral collet as well for the quick as for the dead, ather by themselfe ; and also every 
 of ye Chantri Prest, then for ever, shall singe or saye mass in ye Chantri Chapel of our Ladie 
 evy holiday, and evy Satterday, shall sing masse of our Ladie to note ther ; and further that evy 
 of the saide Chantri Prest ther and his scholers, and other such as may be goten iiii several 
 tymes in the yere, for ever, that is to wete, ons evy quarter of a yere, shall singe a sollome 
 
 dirgic
 
 428 HISTORY OF WHALLF.Y. [Book V.— Chap. I. 
 
 dirgic for the soules aforesaide, upon such holidaycs as ye cliurch reves of ye saide p'rish for the 
 tyme being, or ye erle and his heres shall assigne and appoint ye said Chantri Prest so to do, 
 and also on the morrow next after every such dirgie songe or said, ye saide Chantri Prest for 
 ye same soules shall singe a masse of requiem with note, and evy such Chantri Prest ther for 
 ever shall, every Wednesday or Friday say masse of J. Hu. C. (Jesus), or of ye V Woundes 
 of our Lord J. C. in the said Chantri Chapel ; and further all other daies in ye vvike, shall saye 
 masse, as he may or can be conveniently be well disjjosed thereunto ; and evy of ye said Chantri 
 Prest ther shall sing or say masses aforesaid, in ye said Chantri Chapil, about via of ye clock 
 aforenoon in ye somer tyme, yt is to saye, from Ester to Michelmes, and in ye winter tyme, 
 and in all other tymes of ye yere about x of the clock in ye aforenoon, and yt for evy defaut and 
 negligence of any of ye saide Chantri Prest in any of ye premisses with't sufficient and lawful 
 excuse, the Chantri Prest offending, to pay and forfeit uud. to be i-eceived of the saide offender, 
 by the saide church reves, or by ye assent of ye saide Chantri Prests, of the yssues and profits 
 of ye landes and ten'ts afore apointed for j-e sustentation of ye said Chantri, and all the said 
 profits to go and be bestowed toward the reparation of ye ornaments of ye saide Chantri. 
 Also it is agred by the said pties, that at all such tyme as it shall happen all ye fefes of ye 
 said lands and tenements afore apOinted for ye sustentation and mayntaining of the said 
 Chantri, except iiii, or in at the least, to decease, that then evy of the said Chantri Prests 
 then and there being, shall make deligent labour to cause other xii of ye most honest men of 
 ye said p'rish, to be named by the said church reves ther for the tyme being yf they can agree 
 thereupon, to be fefes of ye pmesses, and to stand seazed of according as ye fyrst fefes did, 
 
 and else the said neyw fefes to be named b}' ye said churchwardens, b}'^ the oversight and 
 ordering of ye saide Erie of Darbie, and his heres, to stand and be seazed of ye said landes 
 and ten'ts, to ye use of ye sustentation of ye said Chantrie and Chantri Prests for ever to be 
 named, appointed, and ordered, as is aforesaid, tiiis is to say, of the frehold landes, by deed 
 hvery of season, thereupon to be made, and of tlie said copyhold lands and customary lands 
 by surrender, according as to other customary landes, by copy of court roll, and to the fefes 
 of the prmisses continually for ever to be ordered, and xii newe fefes to be mad and renued 
 according to the order and intent aforesaid, as oft as it shall happyn the residue of the saide 
 fefes to dye, except iiii, or in at ye lest ; and thus evy of ye saide Chantri Prests ther mayd, 
 as is aforesaid, shall, at ther first entri and admission thereunto by the said church reves, 
 swere upon a boke afore the said church reves, truly to observe, and kepe, fulfil, and pform, 
 all and evy of the prmsses, without any wilful breaking of the same. In witness wh'of evy 
 part of the said indentures tpartite wearof one pte shall remayne with the saide erle and his 
 heres, and another thereof shall remayne with the saide church reves for ye tyme being, and 
 third p't in the costody of ye saide Chantri Prests successively for ev', as the said erle, 
 as ye saide church reves now ther being by hold and fre assents of ye most p't of all ye p'ishon's 
 of ye said prish of Blackburne, have set ther seales. Yeven at Lathu, ye iiii daye of Aprill, 
 the yere of ye incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ MDxiiir. and in the vth yere of the reyne 
 of kyng Henrie ye vght. 
 
 From Dodsworth's MSS. I transcribed the following memorial: " In Sir John Talbot's 
 Chapel Window, in Blackburn Church, 
 
 a.©.
 
 Book V.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 429 
 
 a. ©, ^cap foe pe prospcrouiS estate oE pe iSt. \^on. OTboma^, ^rle o£ ©jcbp, mi^'count Jtinton, Horo 
 Strange, S-orD o£ iinohtn." 
 
 This evidently refers to the foundation mentioned above. 
 
 The parish of Blackburn is divided into two great portions, by a lon;^, though interrupted 
 ridge of high grounds, stretching from Whalley on the North to Hoghton Tower on the South. 
 On the eastern side of tliis ridge stand the town and parish church, on a barren, naked, and 
 sandy flat. All this portion of the parish, from the Hyndburne to the Derwent*, partakes of 
 the same character, and has been very thinly sprinkled with ancient or considerable families. 
 The western portion, descending from this ridge to the margin of the Ribble, has, or shews 
 that it once had, every thing which the other wants : variety of landscape, fertility of soil, the 
 decayed residence of many old families now extinct, and the vestiges of manv noble woods 
 now destroyed. Perhaps this tract is the more interesting because it is little known : a uffeat 
 commercial town having attracted the turnpike road eastward, which, had either beauty or 
 general convenience been consulted, would have pursued the course of Ribblesdale. 
 
 At the southern extremity of this tract and of the original parish of Whalley, is Walton, 
 with the chapel of Lawe, the only one on the old foundation under Blackburn, and endowed 
 like most of the rest, with two oxgangs of land. 
 
 Adam de Blackburn, at the request of John de Lacy, his lord, grants to the abbot and 
 convent of Stanlaw the chapel of W^alton, with the lands, tithes, and obventions, belonging to 
 it ; subject to a payment of twenty marks per annum, to " Richard," son of the " Dean" until 
 he shall be promoted to a better benefice -^. 
 
 This manor was long the property of the Langtons, barons of Newton, one of those holding 
 under the palatinate of Lancaster, till 32 Elizabeth, when Thomas Langton having unfortu- 
 nately killed Thomas Hoghton, of Hoghton Tower, Esq. in a duel, made his peace with the 
 family, by settling on them the manor of Walton if. 
 
 Contiguous to W^alton, on the North, and a part of the chapelry, is Keurdale, anciently 
 the inheritance of Geoflly de Keurdale, whose grand-daughter, Johanna, marrying Thomas le 
 Molineux, carried this manor, together w ith a moiety of that of Overderwen, and the lordship 
 of Eccleshall ^, into that family, 1 Richard H. It appears to have been the property of the 
 Asshetons ever since Radcliff Assheton, born 1582. 
 
 * " Darwent (saith Harrison) diiidctli LelaiHlshiie from Anderness : it liseth above DarHcnt Chappel ; unitetL 
 
 with the Blakeburne, then goetli through Hoghton Park and by Walton Hall into Ribble." 
 
 This stream, on the bank of which and of the Ribble, not far from their confluence, was fought a baUle between 
 
 Cromwell and Duke Hamilton, has been ennobled in a single line by Milton, 
 
 " And Darken stream with blood of Scots enibru'd." 
 
 Sonnet to Cromwell. 
 
 A line which has been imitated and applied to ar.other and distant stream of similar name, by Pope, in Windsor 
 
 Forest, 
 
 " And silent Darent stained with Danish blood." 
 
 t Coucher Book, title 3. confirm. Alex. Ep. Litchf. an. poni. 5to. 
 
 J A licence was granted to Sir John Langton, by John Bishop of Chester, A. D. 1545, to have an oratory in his 
 manor-house at W'alton. Townley iSISS. 
 § Cart. orig. jicn. W. .Assheton, ar. 
 
 Immediately
 
 4S0 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. I. 
 
 Immediately adjoining, is the extensive manor of Samlesbuiy, of which the first lord who 
 has been transmitted to us, was Gospatric de Samlesbury, contemporary witii the two Geoffries, 
 deans of Whalley. He founded the chapel (why so remote from the manor house it is difficult 
 to conceive) which was at first a chapel of ease merely to Law ; but we are told in the coucher 
 book, that in the absence from England of Hugh de Nonant, bishop of Litchfield, who held 
 the see from 11 85 to liyg, two itinerant Irish bishops having taken up their residence with 
 Gospatric, were by him prevailed upon to consecrate a cemetery, which rendered the chapel 
 parochial. Hugh, on his return, irritated, as he had cause to be, at this infringement of his 
 office, annulled the consecration; but, after some time, was prevailed upon by the entreaties 
 of Gospatric, to confirm it. This chapel, though the burial place of the lords of Samlesbury 
 from that time to their extinction, contains not a single memorial of the family, except the 
 knioluly ensigns of a Southworth ; and nothing worthy of observation but an alabaster slab, 
 covering William, son of Sir William Atherton, who married a daughter of Balderstone, and 
 died at that place, about 19 Henry VI. Gospatric had Roger, who had William, whose 
 daughter and coheiress Cicely marrying John de Ewyas, carried the manor of Samlesbury into 
 
 that familv, with whom it did not long remain; for daughter and heiress of Nicholas 
 
 de Ewyas, son or grandson of John, married Sir Gilbert de Southworth, in whose descendants 
 it remained for 350 years. 
 
 Sir Gilbert by this marriage had Sir John, who by Margaret daughter of Sir Richard Hogh- 
 ton, of Iloghton Tower, had issue Thomas, and died 3 Henry V. Sir Thomas married Jane, 
 daughter of John Booth, of Barton, by whom Richard who married Elizabeth daughter of 
 Richard Molineux, of Sephton, Esq. by whom Christopher and Juliana married to Richard 
 Ibwnley, of I'ownley, Esq. 
 
 Christopher Southworth married Isabel daughter of John Dutton, of Button, in the county 
 of Chester, Esq. had issue Sir John, who by Hellen, daughter of Sir Richard Langton, ofW^alton, 
 had Sir Thomas, founder of the more modern part of Samlesbury Hall, who married Margaret 
 daughter of Sir Thomas Butler, of Bewsey, and died about 20 Henry VIII. He had issue Sir 
 John, who by Mary daughter of Sir Richard Ashton, of Middleton, had Thomas, and died 
 
 1.567- 
 
 Thomas Southworth, Esq. married Rosamund, daughter of John Lister, Gent, and had 
 another John, who married Jane, daughter of Sir Richard Sherburne, of Stoneyhurst, had issue 
 Thomas, born 42 Eliz. daughter of John, to whom his father devised Lower Hall, which 
 he sold to the Walmsleys; Thomas married Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Tildsley, and had 
 issue John who by Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Langton, of Lowe, Esq. had John, 
 Thomas, Edward, and eleven other children : John married and had issue Thomas, who died 
 without issue, and thus terminated this ancient family*. 
 
 John sold the old hall and half the manor to the Braddylls, for little more than ^.2000. 
 A. D. 1677 ; yet when the next leases expire, this estate is expected to be advanced to ^.1200. 
 per annum. The estates of the family appear to have been diminishing for several generations ; 
 but the division of the manor of Samlesbury itself, and afterwards a family of fourteen children, 
 seem to have completed their ruin. 
 
 * In these descents it will be observed that nothing more is intended than to represent the succession to estates; 
 for which reason the coUateial branches are generally cut oflf. 
 
 The
 
 
 5 

 
 Book v.— Chap. I,] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 431 
 
 The residence of this family *, whose estates were once of vast extent in Lancashire, 
 was proportionably magnificent. It is moated round, and has enclosed three sides of a large 
 quadrangle, the centre of which, containing the great hall, a noble specimen of most rude and 
 massy wood work, though repaired in 1532 by Sir Thomas Southworth, whose name it bears, 
 is of very high antiquity, probably not later than Edward III. I'he remaining wing, which is 
 built of wood towards the quadrangle, and brick without, (and the earliest specimen of brick- 
 work in the parish), is of the later date. There is about this house a profusion and bulk of oak 
 that must almost have laid prostrate a forest to erect it. But a critical examination of this fine 
 old building is reserved for the dissertation on domestic architecture. 
 
 Next, in ascending the valley, is Balderstone, which afforded a name to another family, 
 extinct before most of its neighbours. Of this name I find Richard Balderston, who had Wil- 
 liam, who having no issue by his first wife, a Gerard, had by his second, Margaret dau<^hter of 
 William Stanle}', Esq. two coheiresses, Isabel and Jane. Isabel married Sir Robert Harring- 
 ton, of Hornby ; and Jane, 1st. Sir Ralph Langton, 2d. Sir John I'ilkington. 
 
 By will, dated Jan. 2d, 1497, this lady bequeaths her body to be buried in the Nunnes 
 Quier of Monkton, in her habit, holding her hand upon her breast, with her ring upon her 
 finger, having taken within her resolves -f- the mantle and ring, and her moiety of the manor of 
 Balderstone, to Sir James Harrington, Knt. for term of life, and after his decease, to Thomas 
 Talbot, of Bashall, and Jane his wife, another Harrington. 
 
 The chapel of Balderstone is of uncertain antiquity, but probably somewhat earlier than the 
 Reformation. In the reign of James I. it had gone to decay, but has since been repaired. 
 
 Next is Osbaldestou, the property and residence of one of the first families of Lancashire, 
 from the earliest times after the Conquest, of whom I have gleaned the following names from 
 attestations to ancient charters, and from later authorities. 
 
 Adam de Osbaldeston, in the time of Henry II. Thomas de Osbaldeston, 12 Edward IT. 
 John de Osbaldeston, 35 Edward III. Another John de Osbaldeston, married Elizabeth, 
 (laughter of William de Balderstone, and had Richard, who by Grace, daughter of Adam 
 Singleton, had Alexander. Sir Alexander Osbaldeston, by Anne daughter of Sir Christopher 
 Southworth, had John, and by his second wife |, daughter of Thomas Tildsley, Esq. Richard 
 
 * The extent of the possessions of this family may be conjectured from an assignment of his estates made in the 
 beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign, by Sir John Southworth setting forth that he was indebted in large sums by 
 means of purchases, &c. and enumerating besides the entire manors of Samlesbury, Soutiiworth, and Melloi-, divers 
 lands and tenements in eighteen other townships. In the time of Abbot Holden, I find an award of Elenor Lady 
 Stanley, (let the lawyers determine how far a lady was competent to such an act,) requiring Richard Southworth, Ksq. 
 to pay to the Abbat and Convent of Whalley thirty-six marks for arrears of small tithe, and to pay small tithes for his 
 household regularly in all times coming. On the 8th of July, 3 Hen. VI [I. John, Abbot of Whalley, appeared in 
 open court at Lancaster, and demanded siucties of the peace against Sir John Southworth. The &mily do not appear 
 to have lived on the best terms with their spiritual fathers. 
 
 f She had actually taken the vows in the church of Wakefield, from William, Bishop of Dromore. Dods- 
 worth's MSS. 
 
 + This lady by will, dated 1560, directs three stones with inscriptions in brass to be laid in the family chapel, 
 within Blackburn church, over herself, her husband, and Sir Thomas Tildsley, her brother. She also leaves a bed for 
 poor lying-in women to each of four adjoining townships, and to John Osbaldeston, Esq. certain things belonging to 
 Uie altar in. the chapel at Osbaldestou, to remayne as erlomes. 
 
 ef
 
 432 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. I. 
 
 of Suncloilatid, from whom tlie Osbaldestons of Hunmaiiby. He died 25 Henry VIII. Sir 
 John Osbaldeston married Margeret, daughter of George Stanley Lord Strange, by whom Ed- 
 ward, who marrying Matilda, daughter of Sir Thomas Hassal, had John and Sir Geoffry, 
 Justice of the Common Pleas, died 33 Eliz. John Osbaldeston, married Hellen, daughter 
 
 of had Edward. Sir Edward Osbaldeston married Mary, daughter of Henry Far- 
 
 rin^ton, of Hatton Grange, Esq. had issue John and Alexander, died 13 . . . John, though twice 
 married, died without issue, at London, anno 1666. Alexander, his brother, born l602, 
 married Anne, daughter of Sir John Talbot, of Salesbury, and had Edward, born 1655;, 
 Alexander, another Edward, born 1650, died iGSg, married daughter of Thomas Brad- 
 hall, of Portfield, Esq. and had issue Thomas Osbaldeston, born 1681, last heir in the direct 
 Une, who died 17OI. After liis decease, the remains of the estate descended to a collateral 
 relative, whom I conjecture to have been son of Michael, the only surviving brother of 
 Edward. 
 
 He was living about fifty years ago, and by him, or since his death, the demesne of 
 Osbaldeston was sold to the Warren family. The Park is destroyed, but the shell of the old 
 house, a large though irregular pile, remains nearly entire. 
 
 Next, is Salesbury-Hall, successively the property of the Salesburies, Clitheroes, and 
 Talbots ; the last a branch from Bashall. This is a place entitled to peculiar respect from an 
 antiquary, as having given birth to Thomas Talbot. The remains of the house, which are 
 considerable, will be noticed in the concluding dissertation, but it may be proper to mention 
 here, that the fine sculpture of Apollo, from Kibchester, after continuing in the same situa- 
 tion here from Camden's time, have, by the favour of Lord Bulkeley to the Author, been 
 lately removed to Holme. 
 
 John, bishop of Litchfield, by licence dated I406, granted to Sibyl de Fulford, lady of 
 Salesbury, permission to have mass celebrated sithmlssa voce within her manor of Salesbury. 
 Part of the furniture of this domestic chapel, consisting of several images in wood and alabaster, 
 yet remains in the house. 
 
 John, son of William Talbot, who bore Argent, three lions rampant, married Isabella, 
 daughter and coheiress of Sir Richard Mauliverer, by Sybyl his wife, daughter and heir of Sir 
 Robert Clitheroe, of Salesbury. He was living in 1414, and had issue Sir John, who by Johan, 
 daughter of Sir John RadclifF, had another Sir John, who by Anne, daughter of Sir Ralph 
 Assheton, had John Talbot, who by Isabel, daughter of Sir Richard Townelev, of Towneley, 
 had John, who died 1551- John married 1st. Anne, daughter of Hugh Sherburne, of Stoney- 
 hurst, and died without issue: 2nd, Anne, daughter of Richard Banaster, Esq. of Altham, by 
 whom John, who died 1589, and Thomas, the celebrated antiquary. John Talbot married 
 1st. Alice, daughter of Sir Alexander Osbaldeston, of Osbaldeston, who died without issue 
 2,-, Henry VIII. 2nd. Mary, daughter of Mr, Moore, of Sheffield, by whom John, who died 
 before his father; he married Mary, daughter of Sir John Southworth, of Samlesbury, and 
 had issue Sir John Talbot, born 1582, who by Mary, daughter of Sir Alexander Barlow, of 
 Barlow, had John Talbot, Esq. last of Salesbury, born I6"u8, who by his 2nd wife Dorothy, 
 daughter of James Welford, Esq. of Essex, the first leaving no issue, had Dorothy Talbot, 
 born 1650, who married Edward Warren, of Pointon, and carried the estate into that 
 family. 
 
 Still
 
 "Book V.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 4315 
 
 Still higher is Dinkley Hall, situated warm and low, on the margin of Ribble. This wns 
 the property of another branch of the Talbots, and here is still seen a large altar from Rib- 
 chester, now much defaced, and the inscription illegible. Of the manor of Billington, the 
 next township, enough has been related under Whalley Abbey. Here is the chapel of Langho, 
 which, from the appearance of moulded stones wrought up at random in the walls, I strongly 
 suspect to have been built with materials brought from the Abbey, Beneath, on the warm and 
 fertile bank of the Ribble, is Braddyll-with-Brockhall, the parent house of the Braddylls, and 
 their residence at least from the reign of Henry H. to the beginning of the last century. Last 
 in this tract is Hacking; where, about the year 1200, lived 
 
 Bernard de Hacking, whose great grandson, William, had a grant of Billington mill from 
 Henry de Lacy. He survived to the beginning of Edward HL and left a daughter, Agnes, 
 . married to Henry de Shuttleworth ; and the eighth descendant of this marriage, Anne Shuttle- 
 worth, marrying Sir Thomas Walmsley, the judge, carried the estate into that family, where 
 ; it yet remains. 
 
 The Calder, now hastening to its junction with the Ribble, terminates this portion of the 
 parish of Blackburn, and sends us back with regret to a much less interesting inquiry*. 
 
 It is impossible to take leave of this tract, without a sigh for the decay of our ancient 
 gentry. In traversing the left bank of the Ribble, from Walton to Salesbury, we have surveyed 
 a warm and fertile country, more than ten miles in length, once possessed by five knightly 
 families, all resident on their own estates, allied by perpetual intermarriages, and forming a 
 society of equals among themselves. In this tract were four parks, as many manor houses 
 of the first rank, furnished with domestic chapels ; and the vale aliaded and enriched by 
 woods of ancient oak. All these families are now gone : one only replaced by a second of 
 equal rank ; but with respect to the rest, the houses are decaying or decayed, the parks divided, 
 and the woods destroyed, so that one of the finest portions of Ribblesdale is now abandoned, 
 and almost unknown. 
 
 On the southern side of the ridge there is little in the parish of Blackburne to invite or to 
 detain our attention. Great Harwood, however, which contributes to and partakes of the 
 beauty of Whalley, deserves to be mentioned. In a low and warm situation within this town- 
 ship is the manor-house of Martholme, the residence of the Fittons, and afterwards occasionally 
 of the Heskeths, by one of whom it seems to have been in a great measure rebuilt about the 
 year 1561, which date, with the arms and cypher T. H. appears on the gateway. The moat 
 which surrounded the whole may still be traced; but little more than a large farm-house is 
 remaining of the old mansion. On the North side are some trefoil lights of considerably higher 
 antiquity than the rest of the building. This manor was granted by Roger de Lacy, in a charter 
 without date, to 
 
 Richard de Fitton, who had Hugh, who had John, who had Edward, who had William, 
 who had a second Richard living in 1343, of whose daughters and coheiresses Matilda married 
 Sir William Hesketh ; Amabel married Edmund Leigh, of Croston; and Elizabeth married 
 Roger, son of Adam de Novvell, of Great Merlay, in consequence of which the manor was 
 divided into three portions. Of these, the Heskeths purchased that of the Leighs, and claimed 
 
 * Of the VValinsleys, of Showley, a considerable family, though of later date, in this tract, I want materials for 
 any connected account, 
 
 3.K.. the
 
 434 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. I. 
 
 the right of superior lords over the Nethertown, which was allotted to the Nowells, and con- 
 tinued in that family till it was alienated by the late Alexander Nowell, Esq. From ancient 
 evidences produced in a suit grounded on this claim of the Heskeths, it appeared that John de 
 Nowell, son of Lawrence the first of Read, had done homage to Thomas Hesketh, for the 
 Nethertown, in the chapel of Harwood, 13 Richard II. 
 
 This proves the chapel abovementioned to be of much higher antiquity than that assigned 
 to it in the Liber Regis, viz. I507. 
 
 The Chapel of Harwood, with the tower, appears however to have been rebuilt in the 
 reign of Henry VII. On the North side the original windows remain, but the rest appear to 
 have been renewed, and the roof renewed in the reign of Elizabeth. In the East window of 
 the South aisle are three panes with the garbs and I. H. 
 
 On a fragment of the screen now attached to the reading-desk, in old English characters, is 
 this fragment : " . . . ta fuit A° Dni. mccccc"." 
 
 Opposite is a very singular inscription, mounted on the top of a column, as if on purpose 
 not to be read. It is, however, worth preserving. 
 
 Hospes adesdum. 
 En ampla tibi exempli materies. 
 En et quod pie lugere potes et mirari. 
 H. S. I. 
 Thomas Whalley, de Sparth, 
 in agro Lancastrense, 
 M. D. et Coll. Oriclensis apud Oxonienses nuper 
 socius haud ignobilis. 
 Theologiae fuit sapiens, Philosophiae prudens, 
 Botanices sciens, 
 Medicinae speculativae simul et therapeuticse peritus, 
 pietate, probitate, candore, et modestia clarus, 
 in egenos eroganda pecunia dives, 
 inopi ferens opem et consilium ; 
 Qnem capellee deDownham, Altham, et Harwood, 
 prsecipue munificum loquuntur. 
 Ultra vires studiis intentus, 
 et assidua sedulitate fractus, 
 carnis exuvias tabe consumptas deposuit 
 sexto die Decembris, 
 anno Domini I724, 
 aetatis 51. 
 In cujus memoriam fratres Johannes et Jacobus 
 H. P. M. 
 
 Little Harwood, adjoining, has been the property of the Clayton family since the reign of 
 Edward III. for I find that 
 
 Ralph, son of Henry de Clayton, de parv. Harwode, grants half the mill of that place to 
 Henry de Clayton, of Dutton, 22 Edward III. In the 4th of Edward IV. occurs Nicholas, 
 
 son
 
 Book V.— Chap. I.j HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 43.'5 
 
 son of John de Clayton, of this place. JeofFry Clayton, 12 Henry VII. John, his son. 
 Geoffry grants the manor of Little Harwood, in trust, ig Henry VII. John, the son, left two 
 coheiresses, Ellen and Rose ; but the estate seems to have been settled on the male line, for 
 Edward Stanley, Lord Monteagle, in whose ancestors it had been vested in trust, releases to 
 Robert, son of George Clayton, 7 Henry VI U. Robert had a son George, livings Edward VI. 
 
 Next appears Thomas Clayton, who married daughter of Livesey, of Livesey, Esq. 
 
 and had Thomas, who married Bridget, daughter of Mr. Robert Tonstall, of AldclifF, had 
 John and Thomas, and died about 1606. John Clayton married Alice, daughter of Mr. 
 George Cope, of Great Harwood, and had issue Thomas and John. He died about 1659. 
 Thomas Clayton married Dorothy, daughter of Mr. Murray, Rector of Bury, had John and 
 George, who both died young, and he himself died before his father, in 1648. John, the 
 brother of Thomas, though twice married, left no male issue ; so that I know not from whom 
 to trace another John, who by a Crook, of Abraham-hall, near Wigan, had Thomas, who 
 marr\'ing a Derbyshire, had John Clayton, Esq. baptized June 8, 1729, for whom see the 
 pedigree of Townley, of Barnside. 
 
 Of the other townships in this parish I have little to observe excepting that Livesay-cum- 
 Tockholes, never granted or conveyed as a manor, gave name to a very ancient family extinct 
 in an heir general within memory. Mellor has a small speculatory fort, in a commanding 
 situation, evidently connected with Ribchester. The manor of Eccleshill belonged to the 
 Grimshaws, of Clayton ; that of Overderwen to the Osbaldestons ; and the Talbots of Bashall 
 had free warren in Rishton. 
 
 King James the Second's declaration in favour of liberty of conscience, produced the follow- 
 ing effects in this parish. On a petition of the inhabitants of Darvven, of the congregational per- 
 suasion, the king, under his sign manual, dated July 25, 1687, " allowed of an erected meeting- 
 place within Darwen ;" in consequence of which, the congregation aforesaid, interpreting the 
 words " erected meeting-place" of the episcopal chapel of Darwen, applied to Mr. Price, Vicar 
 of Blackburn, for the keys. He refused, and they broke open the doors by violence, and 
 took possession. He represented the case to his diocesan, Cartwright, a man of great interest 
 at that time with the king, and through his intercession the licence was revoked by another 
 warrant under the sign manual, of which the original is now before me ; after which, possession 
 of the chapel was restored to the vicar, by Thomas Braddyll, Edward Osbaldeston, and Ralph 
 Livesey, Esqrs. Justices of the Peace, November 23, 1687. 
 
 In the next place, Barthol. Walmsley, Esq. of Dunkenhaigh, then a young man, and 
 newly returned from abroad, seized upon the chapel of Langho, cast out all the pews from the 
 chancel, &c. fitted it up for the service of the Church of Rome, and actually had mass per- 
 formed in it, March, 1687-S, On this intrusion, Mr. Price petitioned the king, who referred 
 the consideration of the case to Chancellor Jeffries, and he, by a short decree, dated l6th 
 June 1688, ordered the chapel to be restored to its proper owner. 
 
 The latter case will prove that, however the indulgence might be abused, neither James, 
 nor his ministers, were deaf to the voice of justice, even against a Catholic; and on the other 
 hand, Mr. Price's Letters and Memorials in this affair do equal honour to his understanding, 
 integrity, and firmness. 
 
 CHAPTER
 
 43G HISTORY OF WHA.LLEY. Book V.~Chap. II, 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 PARISH OF ROCHDALE. 
 
 X HE name of this opulent town and parish first occurs in Domesday, where we read " Unus 
 eorum (that is, of the taini in the hundred of Salford) Gamel tenens ii hidas in Recedam, 
 habebat suas coiisuetudines prseter vi has, furtum, heinfare, forestel, pacem regis infractam, 
 terminum fractum a praeposito stabihtum, pugnam post sacramentum factum remanentem, haec 
 emendabat 40*." 
 
 Of these rights, which seem to have been incident to a primitive court baron, the second 
 relates to the punishment of fugitive slaves: the third, to that of the pernicious practice yet 
 called forestalling: the fifth, to the forfeiture of a recognizance to appear in court: and the 
 last, to a breach of the peace, by fighting after being bound by oath to keep it. The meaning 
 of the other terms is sufficiently of)vious. 
 
 The name of the town we see was properly Recedam, or Rachedham, and that of the 
 valley, on the side of which it stands, Rachdale, both denominated from the Roch, anciently 
 the Rache, Rached, or Rachead, for in all these ways it is spelt in ancient charters. There 
 are some very ancient examples, and there were within my memory some instances in the 
 pronunciation of the rudest and remotest inhabitants of the parish, in which the town was 
 denominated Rached. 
 
 " Rache, (saith Harrison) consisteth of sundry waters, whereof each in a manner hath a 
 proper name, but the greatest of all is Rache itself, which riseth among the Black-stony Hills, 
 whence it goeth to l.ittleborough, and being past Clegg *, receiveth the Beyle, that cometh 
 thither by Milveraw Chappel. After this confluence it meeteth with a rill near Rachedale, and 
 soone after with the Sprotton Water, and then the Sudley Brook -J-, whereby his channel is not 
 a little encreased, thence to Grisehurst, and so into the Irwell." I know no more probable 
 origin of the word Rache +, than the Saxon jiaeccean, porrigere, to stretch out. 
 
 The church was certainly not extant at the time of the Domesday survey, but was most 
 probably a foundation of the Deans of Whalley, pretty early in the twelfth century, as in the 
 first notice of it in the Coucher Book, we find Geoffry the Dean ; that is, I suppose, Geoffry 
 the elder, in possession of it, prior to the year 1 193. 
 
 * This word Clegg is pure Saxon, Clasj, clay, and proves that the g final in that language was pronounced as it was 
 written, a /act which I have sometimes doubted. 
 
 t Tiiis is tlie brook between Castleton and Marland, more properly the Sudden (qu. Southden). Sudden Mill is 
 fi equently mentioned in the Computus's of Whalley Abbey. 
 
 X The Rache is, 1 now think, evidently from Racu, or Ciinbric R.xcia, an inundation or deluge. Perhajis 
 Rach-heved, which was originally applied to its source, was afterwards attached to the stream in general. Raccdham 
 u the habitation on the Rached. 
 
 WiUi
 
 Book v.— Chap. 11.] ' HISTORY OF WHAI.LEY. 437 
 
 With respect to the existence of a parisli and parish church at Rochdale, we have no 
 positive evidence prior to Robert son of GeofFry the elder, dean of Whaliey, which Robert was 
 certainly rector of the parish, and probably the first rector. 
 
 To his time I confidently refer the arches and columns of the present fabric, of the former 
 of which there are six on each side of the principal aile. The latter are alternately angular and 
 cjdindrical (no very frequent combination), light and well-proportioned, with a kind of flow- 
 ered capital, precisely the style which is seen in the choir of Canterbury Cathedral, of the same 
 period, as well as in some other structures of the same age. 
 
 In the late alterations, however, which took place, and were most judiciously conducted 
 by Mr. Taylor, in order to prevent the downfall of the church, several fragments of a more 
 ancient building were found walled up in the present work, particularly a Norman zigzag 
 moulding opposite to the present South door. This had been unquestionably a member of the 
 original door. 
 
 In another part was discovered the site of a single Norman light, less than six inches in 
 diameter, and gradually widening inward ; which, from the shape of a groove within it, evi- 
 dently appeared to have been closed by a shutter and not a window. 
 
 On the North side of the great arch separating the nave and choir, was discovered a rude 
 and almost shapeless stone, approaching to a circular shape, with an excavation eleven inches 
 in diameter, and about eight in depth, with rivets on the outside to fasten some metallic lining. 
 This, I think, though too small for immersion, must have been the original font. I have mot 
 with one and only one other instance of the same kind, which was at Betliam, in West- 
 moreland. 
 
 The only conclusion, however, that I can form from these appearances is, that there had 
 been a smaller church, or perhaps only a chapel, erected soon after the date of Domesday. I 
 prefer the latter hypothesis, and firmly believe that Robert de Whaliey was the first rector, 
 and that the present church was of his time, though it has undergone many changes, and re- 
 ceived many additions. 
 
 The choir, with its richly ramified window (unquestionably the work of the Monks of 
 Whaliey) was, I believe, rebuilt in the reign of Edward III.; the nave, perhaps, a little earlier. 
 The steeple about the reign of Henry Vlll. The South aile was evidently rebuilt, and the 
 clerestory added, either in the reign of Henry VIII. or perhaps a little latei*. 
 
 A series of charters and copies of charters which have lately been entrusted to me, will 
 throw much light on the ancient state of the parish ; and will shew, in jjarticular, by what steps 
 almost the whole of the extensive township of Spotland fell, by small and successive grants, 
 into the hands of tiie Monks of Stanlaw, and afterwards .of Whaliey. 
 
 To the extracts, however, by which these steps are traced, I shall premise that the stream 
 which gave name to this valley is not, in these charters, denominated the Spodden, but the 
 Spod. The Spodden is the deep and contracted gorge through which it runs; and Spotland 
 is the township in general. Spod *, however, or Spud, in some dialects of the Teutonic lan- 
 guage signifies a sjiear, and the term appears to have been applied to this stream from the 
 unbending straightness of its course, which terminates at its junction with the Roch, immedi- 
 ately beneath Rochdale. 
 
 * Ibre's Lexicon Sueo-Goihicum. 
 
 " Omnibus
 
 438 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. II. 
 
 " Omnibus, &c. Ad. de Spotlond sal. Nov*, me pro Dei timore et pro salute a'i'e me' et 
 uxoris mee et antecessor, meor. et success, meor. d. et c. Deo et See Marie, et omnibus Sanctis, 
 et Sco Cedde et Ecclie de Rach. tres acras t're in Watlond wod cum domibus ibi positis et 
 duas acras apiid Donyngbothe et un. apud Chadwicke cum com. past. &c. ad vill. de Spotland 
 pertinent. &c. — Hiis testibus Hug. de Eland, Rob. de Lyversage, Hen. de Eland, Mich. fil. 
 Andr. Alex". Clemente fratribus, Henr. de Wordhull, Hug. de Wordliuli, Steph. fr'c ejus. 
 Mat. de Wolstonholme, Rob. fr'e ejus, Andr. de Wolstonholme, cum multis aliis." 
 
 This is the oldest instrument in which the church of Rochdale is mentioned, and probably 
 very soon after its foundation. The Elands were then Lords of the town. I should place it 
 about the year llSo. 
 
 This is followed by another grant from the same Adam of six acres in Spotland, namely, 
 three in Watlond-wood, two in Donynbooth, and one in Ireford, (all these names I think are 
 forgotten,) to God and St. Chad of Rochdale. — " Test. Galfr. de Bukell (Buckley), Hug. de 
 Werdul, Tho. de Bamford, Wilni de Howord, et multis aliis." 
 
 These lands were again granted out by Robert de Whalley, rector of Rochdale, which 
 instrument I transcribe with great pleasure from the original: 
 
 " Omnibus matris Ecclesiae filiis, &c. Robtus de H'wall, persona deRachetham, sal. Noverit 
 universitas v'ra me, &c. Alexandre de Spotland sex acras t're, scil. tres acras in Watlonde hwde, 
 et duas acras ap** Dunningebothe, et unam acram apud Scheddewic, quas Adam de Spotland 
 dedit Sco Cedde et Ecclie de Rachetham ; tenend. illi et haeredibus suis de Sea Cedda et Ecctia 
 deRachetham, et me et successoribus meis, in feodo et her. — Hiis testibus Hug. de Eland, 
 Roberto de Liversage, Hug. de Wardhul, Steph. fr'e ejus, Martin, de Wlstanhwlm (Wolston- 
 holme), Andrea de Wlstanhwlm, &c." 
 
 The seal is nearly entire, with a fleur de lys, circumscribed SIDILLVM ROBERTI 
 WALLAIE. 
 
 With respect to the sera of this charter, it is certain that the grantor was dead before the 
 year 11 93. 
 
 Next follows a grant, apparently relating to part of the same premises, from Adam son of 
 Swainside, of four acres in Spotland, to the abbot and convent of Stanlaw, for three marks of 
 silver. — " Test. D"° Will™" Viccar (that is William de Dumplinton, the first vicar of Rochdale 
 under the old foundation,) GeofTr. de Bukl. Tho. de Bamford, Andr. de Castleton, Alan de 
 Merland, Ad. fil. suo, &c." 
 
 Next Alex, the clerk, son of Adam de Spotland, grants to John his brother, the six acres 
 originally granted to St. Chad, of Rochdale, in Watlond-wood, &c. — "Test. Job. fil. Gilb. 
 de Lassie, Rob. de Hulton, Galfr. de Bukl. Tho. de Bamford, Hug. de WardhuU, W™. de 
 Haword, Nicli'o de Clegg, et al." 
 
 Then follows a succession of charters, all tending to one point, the absorption of nearly the 
 whole of this township in the abbey of Stanlaw, from which I shall only select the attestations, 
 in order to shew which were then the old families of the parish and neighbourhood, and what 
 was their comparative importance. 
 
 " D"". Ad. de Burie, Galfr. de Bukl. Wiliiio de Howord, Wiliiio de Wardelword, Wihno 
 fil. Petri de Hel. (Heley), Andrea Clerico de Castleton." 
 
 There
 
 Book V.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. ifj 
 
 There is also a Michael Clericus de Clegg, who occurs very frequently; and the signatures 
 of the vicar William de Dumplinton, and old Geotfry de Bukley, continue through a long 
 series. 
 
 Among these may be distinguished two grants, one of four oxgangs, the other of two, both 
 in Spotland, to Geoffry son of Geoffry dean of Whalley. Then, Henry son of GeofFry dean 
 of Whalley, grants to Hugh de Thelvvall one oxgang. All these transactions must have been 
 about the year 1200. 
 
 In some of the earliest of these charters the Roch is called Rached, and afterwards Rad), 
 as the Spodden is the Spod, and Spotbrok, river Spodden. 
 
 I shall conclude these extracts with a curious memorandum of the will of Andrew, son of 
 Alan de Merland : 
 
 " Hoc est Testamentum, &c. Primo legat a'i'm Deo et Be. Marie et omnibus Sanctis ejus 
 Amen : et corpus suum apud Stanlaw sepeliend. et totam terram suam in villa de Spotland, 
 quam tenuit haereditarie de Ada fratre suo cum corpore suo Deo Be Marie et Monachis de 
 
 Stanlaw imp'petuum, salvo termino tenentibus dictam terram domui de Stanlaw imp'pe- 
 
 tuum remanebit, salva firma Ad. fr'i sui et hcer. suis. 
 
 " Item, nil boves cum corpore suo prout in scripto sigillato continetur. 
 
 " Istos constituit hujus testament! executores, Dompnum Wil'm Priorem de Stanlaw, Fr. 
 Henr. de Blackburn Monachum de Stanlaw." 
 
 All these charters, and other evidences, ninety-four in number, the latest of which bears 
 date A. D. I330, while much the greater part are without date, were the title-deeds of the 
 house of Stanlaw, and after the translation, of Whalley, to their estates in Spotland. 
 
 After the dissolution of the latter, they were delivered over to Thomas, afterwards Sir 
 Thomas Holt, of Gristlehurst, along with his grant from the crown ; and upon the dispersion 
 of the estates of his descendant Thomas Posthumus Holt, in Spotland, the originals of some, 
 and old, but ill transcribed copies of others, were transfeiTed to some of the purchasers. 
 
 The following analysis will prove, as at Whalley, the hereditary, though subordinate 
 patronage of the deans, the existence of a vicarage before the appropriation of the rectory, and 
 the paramount rights of the Lacies ; and it will also discover another circumstance in the con- 
 stitution of this benefice, which was neither found in that of Whalley nor Blackburn, namely, 
 that the mesne lords, eo yiomine, had some conjunctive claim upon the patronage, and were to 
 be made parties to the alienation. This last circumstance evidently arose from the comparative 
 lateness of the foundation, and from the manor's being already in other and independent 
 hands. 
 
 The nature of these several rights will be explained by the steps which it was necessary to 
 take in order to procure surrenders of them, previous to the appropriation of the benefice to 
 the Abbey of Stanlaw. 
 
 1st. Roger de Lacy * gave the church of Rochdale to that convent, after the death of GeofFry 
 the dean, whom he describes as having been in possession of it before he succeeded to the 
 honour of Pontefract, which was in II93. This is the first notice I have met with of the 
 
 * There is something pleasing in the terms of this release : " Nihil in ecclesia praedicia retineo, (nee etiam ju» 
 advocationis) praeter orationes." Coucher Book, tit. 4, 
 
 church.
 
 ^40 HISTORY OF WHALLKY. [Book V.— Chap. II. 
 
 church. The dean here mentioned I suppose to have been Geoffry tlie elder, and that he held 
 the rectory, properly so called, as a member of the Deanery of Whalley, and in his own 
 proper patronage. But Geoftiy had a younger son, Robert, the first and only parson of 
 Alvethiim, to whom he had given the rectory of Rochdale also. Now, as the rectory was by 
 this grant to determine with the life of Geoffry the elder, it seems a necessary conclusion, that 
 Robert died before his father, who after the son's death, presented himself to the benefice. 
 
 The date of this last transaction is nearly fixed by the confirmation of William de Cornhull, 
 bishop of Litchfield, who sat in that see from 1214 to 122$ • 
 
 But, at the same time, there was an ancient vicarage in this church, of the species referred 
 to under \Mialley, and this was held by Geoffry the younger. The next step, therefore, in 
 order to procure a complete appropriation, which the monks aimed at, was to obtain a resigna- 
 tion from him, in which having succeeded, Alexander de Sevensby, who succeeded Cornhull 
 (A. D. 1-224), reciting the surrender of the first vicarage by Geoffry, consolidates once more 
 the rectorv and vicarage, and appropriates the whole to the abbey of Stanlaw ; saving however 
 the " ordinary" vicarage. This was very indefinite. 
 
 Previously however to this transaction, or |)erhaps even to the former, three other parties 
 were to be taken into the account. 1st. John de Eland, and John de Lacy de Cromwell- 
 bothom ; these being coparceners of the mesne manor of Rochdale, seem to have had some 
 claim upon the advovvson, as regardant to the manor ; therefore botli gave in their resignation: 
 the first, of all his rights, as well in the patronage as glebe lands of the church of Rochdale : 
 the second, of his rights in the patronage of the church of Castleton, in Rachedale. 
 
 Another party yet remained to be disposed of; and that was Geoffry de Buckley, who by 
 the bounty of his uncle Geoffry, the dean, was possessed of a third part of the benefice " tarn 
 in garbis quam in minutis." But he was equally complaisant with the rest, and by his cession, 
 the object of the monks was finally accomplished. 
 
 By charters, without date, I meet with Andrew, capellanus de Rachedam, Andrew, sacerdos 
 de Rachedam, and Michael, clericus de Rachdam. These I conceive to have been officiating 
 priests or vicars, in the ancient and lax sense of the word, preceding Geoffry the younger, 
 under the first foundation. And, in later times, the following names occur: Nicholas de 
 Clegg, about 1260 ; William de Livesay, 12^2; Robert del Shore, cap. 137O; Jeffry de 
 Halgthon, cap. 1388 ; John del Holt, cap. 1393 ; Richard de Bucklay, cl. 1435 ; Roger 
 Walmersley, priest, 1453; Dm. Galf. Chadwick, cap. 1469 to 1502. 
 
 The " ordinary** vicarage reserved at the consolidation of the rectory and first vicarage by 
 Alexander de Sevensby, consisted of a manse, four oxgangs of land, and five marks ; and 
 this seems to have been the portion of W^illiam de Dumplinton and John de Blackburn, the 
 two vicars under that endowment, for, by charter, without date, extant in the Coucher Book, 
 Blackburn expressly renounces all rights in the benefice, excepting the glebe lands and v marks, 
 " praeter decimas garbarum culturag meae ;" by which it seems that the vicarial glebe when ia 
 occupation of the vicar, is exempt from the payment of corn tithe. 
 
 The
 
 Book V.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 441 
 
 The following abstract will assist the reader in forming a clear conception of the several 
 steps which have been here detailed : 
 
 Eccl. de Rache- /'Abb. de Stanlaw, Don. Roger de Lacy. 
 
 dam cum Ca- J Resign. Vic. Imam. Galf. jun. Dec. de Whaliey. 
 
 pella de Saddle-^ Res. mm. part. Rect. Galf. de Buckley. 
 
 worth. LAssenserunt Joh. de EUand. Joh. de Lacy de Crom. Dom. Manerii. 
 
 {Wm. de Cornhull \ una cum Capit. 
 Alex, de Sevensby JCov. et Litchfield. 
 Fonts. / Honor. 3tius. 
 I Innocent 3tuis. 
 {Roger de Meu-^ 
 land, Episc. I 
 Litch. 14 kal. C 
 Ma. 1277. J 
 
 Rectors of Rochdale. 
 
 Robert *, son of GeofFry, dean of Whaliey. 
 
 GeofFry *, the elder, dean of Whaliey, after the death of Robert his son, and before the 
 year II93. 
 
 Vicar under the first, or unendowed vicarage. 
 
 Geoffry*, the younger, dean of Whaliey, resigns about 1230. 
 
 Vicars under the second endowment of 5 marks. 
 
 William de Dumplinton *, instituted by Bishop Sevensby, who died 1238. 
 Dm. Joh. de Blackburn *, frat. Adam de Blackburne. 
 Robert-^, vicar, de Rochdale, s. d. sed temp. Hen. III. 
 
 Vicars under the present endowment of 1277- 
 Roger;}:, vicar of Rachdale, 1307. 
 Tho. de Boulton, cap. inst. vie. Ratch. 13174- 
 Simon de Cestr. cap. inst. vie. Ratch. l319 4-§- 
 Dns. Thomas de Bolton ||, perpetuus vicarius de Rachdale, 1331. 
 Rad. de Trumpington, presb. inst. vie. Ratchdale, kal. Jan. 1361 4- 
 Joh. le Flitcher al. Fytheler^, a 1390 usq. ad 1401 ||. 
 Joh. de Salley, mon. de Whaliey, inst. vie. Rach. vac. per mort. Joh. le Fitheler, April 17, 
 
 1402 4- 
 
 Ric. de Twistfeld, cap. inst. vie. Ratch. vac. per res. Joh. de Salley, Mail 3, 1403 -f-- 
 Hen. de Merland, inst. vie. Ratch. per res. de Twistfeld, ult. Jul. 14264- 
 Rich. Salley |1, 1462 ad 147O. 
 
 * Coucher Book. f MS. pen. C. Chadwick, arm. 
 
 J Watson's History of Halifax, p. 74. 4. Reg. Litch. 
 
 4-§ I suppose that he resigned, and Boulton returned to the living, as he occurs much later. 
 
 II Townley MSS. 
 
 ^ Id. Nov. 1389, Joh. le Titheler, inst. ad vie. de Ratch. vac. per res. Rog. fil. W. de Manchester, prom, ad 
 rect. de Radcliffe. Reg. Litch. — I have seen a copy of the letters of administration granted to a sister of this vicar. — 
 He had been a chaplain in the parish church of Manchester, 4 Edward III. and was vicar of Rochdale, 8 Richard II. 
 MS. in Off. Arm. 
 
 3 L Thomas
 
 442 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V. -Chap. II. 
 
 Thomas Biotherton, mon. inst. vie. do Hatch, vac. per mort. Ric. Salley, Feb. 23 *. 
 Win. Ashton, inst. vie. de Batch, vac. per mort. Joh. de Walton, Sept. 20, I483 *. 
 Sir Gilbert Haydock, rural dean of Blackburn, 1.535- 
 John Hampson, clerk, living, but ejected, 3 Elizabeth. 
 
 The following deposition of John Hampson, clerk, of the parish of Rochdale, taken in a 
 cause " Archbishop Parker ve7'si<s Sir John Bird, Knt. the 19th day of March, anno 3 Eliz. 
 contains some curious particulars respecting the state of the parish at that time: viz. that in 
 Rachedale with Sadleworth, Todmcrden, and the other chapelries, there are 5000 " howse- 
 ling" people (communicants) at least; that the said parish contains in length 11 or 12 miles, 
 and in brede 3 or 4 miles. 
 
 " Item. That beside the chapels before named, there be two other chapels of ease, one 
 
 called Littleborough, and the other (qu. whether Whitworth or Milnrovv ?) ; that the 
 
 two chapels called Todmordcn and Sadleworth are distant, the one five miles, and the other six 
 miles, or more, from the chiefe parish church, and the one of them distant from the other ten 
 or eleven miles, so that by this may appear with what ease the p'yshioners at such time as 
 there is no service in the said chapels may resorte to the said parish church at the usual tymes 
 of conion prayer. 
 
 " Likewise this dep'nent saythe, that he doth not nowe know who is vicar of the said 
 parish church, but saith that the 15th daye of this present month (March), h i/mself'e tvas v\care 
 there, but vvhilste he was vicare there he was not resident there hymselfe, but did always fynde 
 a sufficient preste to serve there. 
 
 " Item. That besydes the vicare which serveth in the said p'yshe of Rachdale, two other 
 stypendaries, by all the tyme of this deponent's remembrance, doe serve yerely in the two 
 chappels of Saddleworth and Butterworth, of which the wages of the preste of Sadleworth was 
 payde out of the 12 pounds a yere which Sir John Bj'ron payde to this deponent for his 
 vicarage of Rachdale, and that the sayde Sir John did always retayne ill pounds every Haifa 
 yere to the payment of the preste at Saddleworth. And as farr as this deponent knoweth, the 
 preste of Butterworth was payde his wages by contrybushon among the p'yshoners belonging 
 to the said chapel." 
 
 If the deponent, who ought to be well informed as to the population of his own parish, 
 were correct in assigning 5OOO as the number of howseling people or communicants, the whole 
 population cannot have been less at that time than 10,000 souls, or about 200 to a square mile. 
 
 It is evident from this deposition, that Hampson, the deponent, resigned the benefice 
 between the 15th and 19th of March, 3 Elizabeth, and that no successor, to his knowledge, 
 had then been appointed. 
 
 That successor, however, was 
 Richard Midgley, 
 whose incumbency therefore cannot have continued less than forty-eight years, as he died 
 A. D. 1609. 
 
 Of the birth and parentage of this long-lived incumbent, Richard Midgley, I know- 
 nothing. From several accounts which I have seen, he appears to have been a laborious 
 
 * Reg. Litch. 
 
 preacher.
 
 Book V — Chap. IL] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 443 
 
 preacher, and very successful in his ministry. But he was infected with the prejudices of 
 puritanism, and at the Hampton Court conference, a petition was presented on his behalf, by 
 Chadderton, requesting that he might be dispensed with, according to one account, for not 
 kneeling at the sacrament, and, according to another, for the non-use of the surplice and the 
 cross in baptism *. He was then an aged man, not likely to change either his habits or 
 opinions. The date of his interment, in the parish register, is May 30th, 1609. His 
 successor was 
 
 Richard Kenyon, collated by Archbishop Bancroft, and therefore assuredly no puritan. 
 His name no where occurs in the register, and nothing more is known of his incumbency than 
 that it terminated either by death or resignation, A. D. I615, when the benefice was once 
 more filled by 
 
 Henry Tilson, who held it till November 1635, at which time he became chaplain to the 
 Earl of Strafford, and was afterwards promoted to the bishopric of Elphin, from which he was 
 driven by the Irish rebellion, and retired to Soothill Hall, near Dewsbury, Yorkshire, where 
 he died, and is commemorated by the following epitaph on a monument in that church : 
 
 " P. M. 
 
 " Reverendi in Christo patris Henrici Tilson, Hen. F. Episcopi Elphinensis in Hibernia, 
 
 Nat.A. 1576, juxta Halifax in Agro Eboracensi, Denati 31 die Martii, A. I65 in eodem agro, 
 
 Viri ob eruditionem et pietatem insignis, Parentis charissimi, P. Nathan Tilson, Hen. F, 
 Hen. N." 
 
 The following curious Letter from Bishop Tilson, probably to Sir George Radcliffe, toge- 
 ther with two others written by Savile Radcliffe, of Todmorden, Esq. having been commu- 
 nicated by Richard Henry Beaumont, Esq. from the literary stores of Whitley, it is presumed 
 no apology will be necessary for their insertion. 
 
 " I should excuse my idlenes, or my neglect, or my unthankfullnes, since that I received 
 your letter so longe agoe and the booke (that good and usefull booke for these loose tymes) 
 written by D"' Tailer -}-, w^ you sent me. I do confesse that I am oftimes too idle and too much 
 addicted to crastine delays, so that I am inforced to omitt sometimes (an undeniable buisines 
 interveninge) what I was resolved to do the next day. But if ( habere gratias) to have a 
 
 thankfull mind, will free a man from ingratitude, I shall never prove unthankefull. Gratias 
 etiam ago quam maximas. I thank you, and thank you againe and againe, for all your former 
 kindnesses, for the booke, and especially for the great love and aflfection you have alwaies 
 shewed to me, and of late tyme to my poor children. But you shall knowe that I am not 
 altogether idle, for I pray (after the directorie of the church of England) and preach everie 
 Sunday at a place in the mountaines called Cumbervvorth, 2 myles beyond Emley, (where I 
 have by the way Lawrence my Gains or hoste.) It was proffered me by a gentleman, Mr. 
 Wentworth, of Bretton, whom I never sawe savinge once before he sent unto me. And be- 
 cause it come (as all my ecclesiastical livings and preferments have done) without my seeking 
 and suite, and because it is a lay donative, and in his power to give or detaine, and the 
 
 * He was accused of having dealt out the sacramental bread to ilie communicants in a common ba&ket. 
 t Qu. Whether the Liberty of Prophesying. 
 
 in
 
 444 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. II. 
 
 in "^ag * was past in that parish : I tooke it to be pointed out for me by God, as a httle Zoar to 
 preserve my Hfe, and did accept it, though it will not reach to 40 marke per ann. Besides I 
 trust to do God service in the exercise of my ministerie amongste that moorish and late rebel- 
 lious plundering people. When I went first to Rochdale, you may remember what the old 
 ostler at the Baytinge willed me to do, €afee initt) nou (^eiO ])t) a great faof full o£ tatrc, for pou ^[;a[l 
 finoc a great companic of .sicabbtD isljecpc. The first Sunday I preached in the forenoone, and read 
 service in the afternoone, and when 1 perceived by their murmerings that they must have 2 fod- 
 derings, I have made good use hereof, and whereas I might have given them 2 sixpences, they 
 are well pleased if 1 give them 2 groates for a shillinge; w^ I intend to pay them, so childish 
 they are in the right valueinge of God's coyne-|-. I pray you let me heare how my ho''''^ friend 
 Monsieur Rochforth doth and his sonne. The good (but much distressed) Ladie I greatly 
 pittied, yet rejoyced to see her so comfortably chereful. Tell them when you write that I am 
 in health, and cease not to pray for them. And when you meet with my Brother Rochester;}:, 
 present my service ; and to Dr. Smith remember my love, and I shall be glad to heare the con- 
 tinuance of yo' health and wellfare. My brother John p'sents his service, and we remember 
 yon at Foxhall. God have you in his keepinge. 
 
 " Soothill, the 2d of April, 165 1. " Yo' ever obliged fFriend, 
 
 " Henrie Elphin. 
 " Most worthie S', 
 
 " I received yo'' I't'r when I was w^ S'' Thomas Wentworth, whom I acquainted w'' such 
 contents of it as yo" desired ; my cosen George Radcliff and I had talked about a Burgsship 
 for Clitherow, who was verie willinge to asist w*** the best meanes he could to p'cure it, and to 
 refer it to your dispose. But now all hope of p'vaylinge is extinct. For Mr. Chancelor of the 
 Duchie hath verie latelie written a I't'r to the baylives and burgesses thereby challenging a 
 right in the election for ev'ie Corporation wWn his Countie, and hath named for Clitherowe one 
 Mr. Shelton ^. The Corporation dare not denie him, and the other place was longe agoe dis- 
 posed to S'' Thomas Walrnesley. S"", though I fayle to p'cure the place for yo", it is not 
 throughe difect of anie love or respect unto yo", but because the Burgesses of Clitherowe fayle 
 w** me in p'formance of that w'' divers of them both p'fored and p'mised, w"^"* they are con- 
 strayned by greatnes to fayle. And thus in haste, w"" remembrance of my respect and service 
 
 unto y", I ever remayne, 
 
 '• Yo'' loveing frend and Cosen, 
 
 " Todmorden, December 26. " Savile Radcliffe." 
 
 To the right wo ... . my worthie frend and cosen S' Richard 
 
 Beaumont, kn . . . at Whitley or Longley d'd" 
 
 * The Engagement. 
 
 i" The Puritans required two sermons every Sunday ; and the bishop, who seems to have been an oeconomist of his 
 doctrine, probably meant by this whimsical figure, that the people of Cumberworth were better pleased with two dis- 
 courses of tuenty minutes each, than with one of an hour. 
 
 X I suppose Bishop Warner. 
 
 § These remnants of old borough intrigue are not wholly uninteresting. The reader will sigh or smile, as he may 
 happen to be disposed, at this arbitrary claim of the chancellor : but, if government must command a majority in the 
 House of Commons, prerogative is surely a smaller evil than property in boroughs, inasmuch as it is more honest to 
 bully than to bribe. Sir Thomas VValmsley and William Fanshaw, eiq. were returned for Clitheroe, A. D. 1621, which 
 fixes the date of these letters. 
 
 " Honoured
 
 Book V.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 445 
 
 " Honoured Sr, 
 "I was at Clitherowe upon Tuesdaie laste, where I did understand that Mr. 'Chancelor 
 for Mr. Skelton or Sheldon would not be denyed. And what I did heare that Mr. Auditor 
 Fanshawe had made great meanes for the place, but some said that it was thought Mr. Auditor 
 p'vided if yo" had bene resolved when I last did see to keepe it in suspence, Mr. Chancelore 
 and Mr. Auditors potencie p'vayled soe that nowe I ame perswuaded if ether of them will have 
 it, the p'mises w** some of Burgesses did make mee will not be p'fourmed, I ame sorie it faleth 
 soe forth, but howsoever I desire yo" will accept my unfained respecte and love unto yo", 
 wherein I will not fayle ever to remayne 
 
 " Yo asured cozen and frend, 
 Todmorden, December 30. " Savile Radcliffe. 
 
 " I hope to heare from Clitherowe " To my much honored frend 
 
 this night, if not will send word, and cozen Sir Richard 
 
 then shall understand all more Beaumont, Knight, at 
 
 certain." Langley, theise be d'd." 
 
 Tilson was succeeded by Robert Bath, A.M.* who married a niece of archbishop Laud ; 
 a man of very different principles from his patron : for he complied with all the changes of his 
 times but the last, and retained his benefice till August 24th, 1662, when he went out on the 
 Bartholomew Act, and retired to a small house at Deepleech Hill, in Castleton, where he 
 frequently preached to crowded auditories. He was interred March 12th, 1 673 -4 -J-. 
 
 * By the Pari. Inq. for Salford Hundred, July ISth, 1650, it was found that " Maister Rob. Bath, vicar ofRach- 
 dale church, is a godley minister, and well supplies the cure, saving that he did not observe the last fast, and that he 
 was presented by the late archbishop of Canterbury, (are we to understand " sa\ing" before the last " that ?") and that the 
 value of the glebe lands, &c. is I60I. tithes of Castleton worth .00/. Also that in Hundersfield are two chappels — Lit- 
 tleborough chap. dist. 3| miles from the parish-church. Mr. Tho. Bradshaw, minister, hath his maintenance issuing 
 out of the tithes of the chapeiry. Think fit that the said chap, be made a parish-church. — Also that the other chapel 
 within Hundersfield is a parochial chajjel, called Todmorden, distant 8 miles, Mr. Francis Core, minister, who hath for his 
 salary one small house built by the inhabitants, val. 6s. 8d. per an. The said Mr. Core not well qualified, but scandalous 
 in life and conversation. The tithes of the said chapeiry worth 20Z. which the said Core enjoyeth. We present that it is 
 fit that the said chapel be made a parish church, and that the boimdaries of the parish be from Salter Rake to the Roke- 
 ing Stone, to Dove-Law Stone, to Hallowe Pen, to Annenden Sike, to Sheble Crosse, to Goodhill, to an Old Ditch on 
 the East side of Uggshute, to Shcrnyford. to Healden, to VVillowing Coats, thence following the water to Todmorden, 
 thence by Lower Swyne side to Salter Rake again.— Tithes of Hundersfield 100/. — That in Spotland is one chapel called 
 Whitworth, distant from the parish church 3f miles, minister, Mr. George Holt, well qualified, salary one house and 
 one acre of land, value 1/. and out of the great tithes about '261. Fit to be made a parish within these boundaries, from 
 Hades down to Clough House, after the water called Know Sike, past Stid between Stid and Ridings to Haslorode, to 
 Smallshaye, to Sikebanke, to Naden Head, to Trough Yate, to Uggshute and Hades again. Sequestred tithes of Spotland 
 worth G.5/. — ,\lso that there is in Butterworth one chapel called Milnrow, distant '2 miles, minister, Mr. John PoUett, 
 a godly orthodox mini^ter and well qualified, received fiOl. out of the sequestered tithes, together with 41. lOs. given 
 out of the same by the late Sir John Biron. Fit to be made a parish within the following bounds, viz. Coldgreave 
 Blakegate, the Windiehills, Schofield, Gieat Cleggs and Belfield, the Rigg-Gate Haugh (qu. whether the Roman 
 Road?) and Ogden : value of the tithes of Butterworth, 66/. ISs. 4d." 
 
 t Mr. Bath was born in Kent. Calamy says, that after his resignation of the Vicarage of Rochdale, he preached 
 to a numerous aiditory at a pl;ice called Underbill. I know of no such place near Rochdiile — Underwood there is ; but 
 he certainly lived and died at Deepleech Hill. He was seventy years old. Calamy's Account, 399, 400, where is also 
 some account of Zacharv Taylo)-, Mr. Bath's Curate. 
 
 Within
 
 446 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. IF. 
 
 Within little more than a month after the abdication of Mr. Bath, was inducted Henry 
 Pigot, B.D. collated by archbishop Jiixon, who being then very old and infirm, no time seems 
 to have been lost in filling up the vacancy. Pigot is principally remembered as a whimsical 
 textuary, who intended to divert rather than to instruct his hearers. Indeed his discourses, 
 from the specimens which I have seen, appear to have been extremely jtjune and unpro- 
 fitable ; a circumstance which would alone account for the crowded auditories which flocked to 
 his ejected predecessor. He was, in fact, deservedly memorable for nothing but his long 
 incumbency and life. On a black marble, within the rails of the altar, is the following 
 remarkable inscription: — " Here is interred Henry Pigot, B.D, who died April 10th, 1/22, in 
 the 94th year of his age. He was rector of Brindle 71 years, and vicar of Rochdale 59 years 
 seven months." 
 
 On the demise of Pigot, archbishop Wake collated to this benefice Thomas Dunster, D.D. 
 prebendary of Lincoln, who had been a chaplain in the army under John, duke of Marl- 
 borough. He built the present vicarage-house, where he resided almost constantly durino- the 
 period of thirty-two years ; and dying July 1752, was on the 22d of that month interred on the 
 South side of the choir, without any memorial. 
 
 Dr. Dunster was a dignified clergyman of the old school, grave, decent, and hospitable; he 
 was besides an useful magistrate; but rendering himself unhappily famous by a very dull prose 
 translation of Horace, he has had the honour of suflTering, with two of his superiors, from the 
 scourge of Swift, 
 
 " From Bentley's notes, my deadliest foes. 
 From Creech's rhymes and Dunster's prose." 
 
 His successor was Nathaniel Forster, D.D, fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 
 editor of a very accurate edition of the Hebrew Bible without points, and of some select Dia- 
 logues of Plato ; of whom it is almost a sufl'icient eulogium to say, that he was the confidential 
 chaplain and friend of bishop Butler, upon whom he attended in his last illness. 
 
 But he was a scholar and a preacher of the highest order, though little understood, and 
 not very popular at Rochdale, where he did not long reside, but died at Bristol, and was 
 interred in that cathedral, of which he was a prebendary, with the following epitaph : 
 
 " M. S. 
 
 Nathanielis Forster, S. T. P. nuperrime hujus Ecclesise Preb. ; et paucis abhinc annis 
 C, C.C, Oxon. Socii. Dignus sane erat, qui multifariae laudis exemplar debeat proponi : 
 Morum fideique integritate, quae Christianum deceat, inculpatus ; Eruditione, quae Theologum 
 ornet, instructissimus ; optimarum Artium cognitione accurata prsecellens. Eximiam Lin- 
 guarum peritiam eo unic^ direxit, ut insitam cuilibet genti indolem penitius inspiceret, pro- 
 prmm Scriptori cuique Ingenium certius erueret, puramque ex ipso Fonte derivaret Sacri Codicis 
 simplicitatem ; Hinc Natura sagax, Doctrina solers humanse mentis Explorator, Philoso- 
 phorum veterum Sectas, primaria quadam placitorum communicatione sibi invicem affines, et 
 m diversa paulatim diductas Scholarum Discrimina, prae caeteris calluit notare, et distinguere. 
 Hinc porro reconditos Platonis sui sensus non, ut plerumque fit, leviter tantum perstringit; sed, 
 quod a Platonis olim amico et familiari quodam expectandum fuisset, specioso verboruni 
 involucre exutos coram lectore sistit, fidus Interpres, Ne talem Virum non satis ob oculos 
 
 haberent
 
 Book v.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALlEY. 4^7 
 
 haberent posteri, hoc amoris luctusque ; siii Monumentum extare voluit Uxor superstes. Ob. 
 ao-^^Octo. A.D. MDCCLVII. Mhit. Sfr"." * 
 
 He was succeeded by James Tnnstall, D. D. of whom the following entry in the admission 
 books of St. John's College, Cambridge, will sufficiently record the birth and parentage: — 
 " Jacobus Tunstall, Richmondensis, (a county, and a favoured county, in the estimation of the 
 college) filius Jacobi Tunstall, attornati apud Richmondium, literis eruditus apud Slaedburn in 
 Agio Eboracensi sub Mag. Bradbury, adniissus subsizator 29 Jun. 1724, Tutore Dre. Ed- 
 
 mundson, habens annos 16 ." He was born at Aysgarth, in Wensley Dale, took tlie degree 
 
 of A. B. in 1727 ; A.M. I731 ; S.T. B. 1738; S.T. P. 1744; and was for many years assistant 
 tutor tf) Mr. Wrigley, who having retired to his paternal estate of Langley, near Middleton, 
 afterwards became his neighbour in the country. 
 
 In 1741, Mr. Tunstall was elected public orator, after a warm contest with Mr. Young, 
 afterward D. D. and bishop of Norwich, and was allowed to hold that office, though absent 
 in the service of archbishop Potter, (Mr. afterwards Dr. Balguy, being his deputy,) till I746, 
 when the grace for longer absence was rejected. 
 
 In the year 1741, he published his Epistola ad V. C. Con. Middleton, S.T. P. a work 
 which did great credit to his classical abilities, and proved him well qualified for the office of 
 public orator, to which, I suppose, he was then aspiring. 
 
 Of his theological acquirements, the world would have had a higher opinion, had his lec- 
 tures on natural and revealed religion never seen the light. 
 
 On the death of archbishop Potter he settled at Great Chart, in Kent, a benefice which, 
 together with Minster, in the Isle of Thanet, had been conferred upon him by that prelate ; 
 and from hence he was removed by archbishop Hutton, in I757, to the vicarage of Rochdale, 
 of which he was wont to complain to his intimate friends, as ill circumstanced, and falling much 
 beneath his expectations in point of value. 
 
 I have dwelt the longer on this article, as Dr. Tunstall was a man of great modesty and 
 amiable temper, as well as extensive learning, exceedingly respected and beloved by his pupils, 
 and particularly by one whom I have reason to remember with the same sentiments. 
 
 He died in London, March 28th, 1762, and I have not learned the place of his interment. 
 
 Next followed Thomas Wray, D. D. Fellow of Christ College, Cambridge, and successively 
 chaplain to Archbishops Hutton and Seeker, born of poor parents at Bentham, in Yorkshire, 
 in the church-)'ard of which place he has inscribed an affectionate epitaph to the memory 
 of a careful and laborious mother, who was, under Providence, the instrument of his advance- 
 ment in life-|~. 
 
 * Here is too much of Plato, and too little of Christ. — A well known bufifoon, who hated him and his order, bestowed 
 upon his memory a very different epitaph : 
 
 " Full three feet deep, beneath this stone. 
 Lies our late Vicar Foster, 
 Who dipt his siieep to th' very bone. 
 But said no Paternoster." 
 
 f One of hb first steps as vicar of Rochdale was, to procure an act of parliament (for which his successors as well 
 as the town ai'e much indebted to his memory) enabling the vicar for the time being to grant building leases for the 
 term of 99 years. 
 
 He
 
 448 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. II. 
 
 He was a pious, abstemious, mortified man, never married, of weak constitution, of 
 most amiable deportment, yet a zealous reprover of vice in public and in private: he had 
 learned too, from his master Seeker, not to despise the meanest, nor to shrink from the most 
 disgusting offices of his function: — it ought rather perhaps to be said, that both had learned 
 this temper of an higher teacher. 
 
 Those who knew and understood him will not be displeased to have the peculiar expression 
 of his countenance recalled to their memory by a single stroke from the hand of Mr. Thyer, 
 the excellent editor of Butler's remains : — 
 
 " While modest Wray, with silent grace, 
 Just steals a meaning smile." 
 
 o 
 
 A plain stone, within the altar rails, has the following inscription, which renders any farther 
 account of this good man superfluous : — 
 
 « H. S. E. 
 Thomas Wray, S.T. P. hujus ecclesiae Vicarius ob. 22'*<' Die Februarii, I778, 
 
 annos natus 55." 
 
 His successor was Richard Hind, D.D. born at Boddington, in Northamptonshire, A.D. 
 1715, became student of Christ Church, Oxford, about the year I730, A.M. in.1726, B. D. 
 in 1745, and D.D. in 1749 ; vvas instituted to the rectory of Shering, Essex, on the presenta- 
 tion of the College, and collated by Dr. Terrick, Bishop of London, to the rectory of 
 St. Anne's, Soho, both which he vacated for the vicarage of Rochdale, in 1778. — Dr. Hind 
 published three detached sermons ; one preached before the University ; a second before the 
 House of Commons, on the 30th of Jan. ; and a third at St. Paul's, before the sons of the 
 clergy. I have not seen the second ; and can only say, therefore, that the first and third are 
 excellently written, and would want no advantage of person, deportment, or elocution in the 
 delivery. 
 
 His gravestone, close to that of his predecessor, is thus inscribed : 
 
 " Richard Hind, D.D. 12 years vicar of this parish, died 18 Feb. 1790, aet. 75." 
 
 The present incumbent of this rich benefice is Thomas Drake, D.D. great grandson of 
 Dr. Drake, prebendary of York, born at Halifax, Yorkshire, A.D. I745, educated at Win- 
 chester, under the care of his relation, the celebrated Dr. Balguy, admitted of St. Johns Col- 
 lege, Cambridge, 1764, A.B. 1768, A.M. 177I, S.T.B. I779, S. T.P. 1784; elected Fellow 
 of the College 1769, by which he was presented to the rectory of Little Hormead, in Essex; 
 appointed domestic chaplain to archbishop Moore, 1783, and by him collated to the rectory of 
 Hadley, in Suffolk; and afterwards, in 1790, to the vicarage of Rochdale. 
 
 The valuable glebe of this vicarage extends more than a mile in length along the southern 
 bank of the Roach, and consists of 134 acres of land, Lancashire measure, on which, in 1783*, 
 were at least 200 houses. 
 
 The 
 * Terrier eo anno.
 
 Book V.— Chap, ir.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 4'y9 
 
 The chapel of the Holy Trinity, at the east end of the South aile, is now the property of the 
 Tovvnleys, of Belfield. I cannot discover the founder, or aera of its foundation. A moiety 
 of it was purchased by Alexander Butterworth, of Belfield, Esq. 1665, and a seat within it 
 belonged to the Buckleys, of Buckley, and was their place of interment. In this church, 
 Nov. 25, 1800, was interred Dr. Matthew Young, bishop of Clonfert*, in Ireland, who died 
 of a cancer at Whitvvorth, whither he had come to avail himself of the skill of a practitioner 
 (vusticus abiionnis sapiens), who was probably recommended by having prolonged the life of 
 another prelate, in circumstances equally calamitous. 
 
 On the south side of the altar, on a large mural monument, is the following epitaph : 
 
 " M. S. 
 
 Jacobi Holte de Castleton Arm. et Dorothese Filiae Tho. Grantham de Goltho, in Agro 
 Lincolniensi Arm. Uxoris carissima;. 
 
 Ipse Oxoniag educatus et coll. ^n. Nas. cooptatus socius, literis tum humanis tum divinis 
 non mediocriter imbutns, pietate et amoeno ingenio eruditionem ornavit, Regi subditus semper 
 fidelissimus, Ecclesiae Ang. assertor strenuus, cujus quicquid sanctissime mandat sedulus obser- 
 vator, fanaticorum indocti grcgis quicquid delirant contemptor summus. Vir ad antiquae pro- 
 bitatis, fidei ac pietatis normam factus, pietatem coluit sine fuco, scientiam sine fastu, pruden- 
 tiam sine asperitate, justiciam sine rigore, sui tantum rigidus censor. Ilia Dei timens, viri 
 amans, familise prospiciens, summa prudentia res omnes administravit, filias quas septem 
 peperit, pie ac prudenter eduxit, moribus optimis suisque simillimis imbuens, exemplo direxit 
 magis quam prseceptis. Uterque pietate in Deum, comitate in amicos, hospitalitate in omnes, 
 charitate in egenos insignes ; ut pauperum ille pater, ilia mater haberetur, pueros ilie, ilia 
 puellas proprio sumptu curaverunt educandos. Ne tantarum virtutum memoriam indigna pre- 
 meret oblivio, quatuor tilise superstites, in aeternam memoriam Marmora haec aequis sumptibus 
 posuere^ 
 
 Natus Octobri, A.D. mdcxlvii. T 
 
 Obijt vii° Idus Jan. A.D. mdccxii. J 
 
 Ilia nata xv*° Call. Majas, A.D. mdclviii. 
 
 Obijt 111" Nonas Martias, A. D. mdccxviii." 
 
 Near this is a stone inscribed as follows, to the memory of one, who had all the generous 
 attachments and all the virtuous prejudices of ancient descent; an ardent lover of antiquity, 
 and a zealous friend of the History of Whalley. 
 
 " Here (' on the south side, within the quyre of Rochdale church, where his auncestors had 
 been accustomed to be buryed'), lies the body of John Chadwick, Esq. of Healy Hall, late 
 Lieut. Col. 11. L. M. the 12th in descent from Nicholas de Chadwick, and the 17th from John 
 de Heley. He was the youngest son of Charles Chadwick, Esq. of Mavesyn-Ridware in Staf- 
 fordshire, (who was the 2"2d in descent from Malvesyn the Norman,) and younger brother of 
 Charles Chadwick Sacheverell, Esq. of Newhall, in Warwickshire, and of Callow, in Derby- 
 shire, who was the 15th from Delalaunde, of Callow, baptized at Ridware 25th Feb. 1719-20 ; 
 died 23d, buried 29th Nov. 1800. — An active officer, an im|)artial magistrate, and a truly 
 honest man. He married Susannah, youngest daughter of Robert Holt, Esq. of Shevington, 
 
 * After a few months, the body \vas ren-.oved to Dublin. 
 
 3 M who
 
 450 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. 11. 
 
 who was nephew of Alexander Holt, Esq. of Cirislehurst, and descended from the Holts of 
 Stubley, latterly of Castleton. She died at Manchester 19th, and was buried liere 22d Jan. 
 
 1765, aged 54. 
 
 Istiid mulieris exemplar! 
 They left issue one daughter Mary, and one son Charles, now of Healey, Ridware, Newhall, 
 
 and Callow, 1801." 
 
 There is also a Chapel within Hundersfield, in this town, built by contribution in 1744; 
 consecrated by Bishop F'eploe. 
 
 The Chapel of Saddleworth, the only one upon the old foundation within this parish, was 
 erected by William de Stapleton, lord of that remote and barbarous tract, in the end of the 12th 
 or the beginning of the 13th century ; for by charter, without date, GeofFry (the elder) dean of 
 Whalley, and the vicar fthat is, on the first foundation) of St. Cedde, in Rachedam, with the 
 consent of Roger de Lacy, patron (advocati) of the said church, gave licence to the said Staple- 
 ton to cause divine offices to be celebrated in liis chapel at Sadleword. Witness, John, brother 
 of the dean*. 
 
 Again, by another charter, also without date, the same William de Stapleton swears upon 
 the sacred relics in the mother church of St. Chad, to pay to the said mother church all the 
 tithes, &c. of the forest of Sadleword, and to compel [homines suos) his homagers to do the 
 same ; on which condition Roger de Lacy and GeoflTry the dean licence a chaplain to celebrate, 
 in his chapel of Sadleword, to be presented to the parson of the mother church, and to swear 
 •canonical obedience; an oath always exacted of chaplains in ancient times-|-. 
 
 Thirdly, Robert de Stapleton^, whom I suppose to have been son of the former, grants, 
 for the use of a chaplain, in the chapel of Sadleword, xm acres ^ of arable land, with a 
 toft, on which to erect a competent manse for a chaplain, pasture for ten cows, with their fol- 
 lowers, to three years old; eight oxen ; and 60 sheep, with their lambs, salva venatione sua et 
 avihus sills alias capientihus\\. 
 
 Lastly, by another charter, without date, a composition is made between the inhabitants of 
 this district and the abbot and convent of Stanlavv, by which it is agreed, that the former shall 
 
 * Coucher Bouk, t. 4. f Ibid, and Townl. MSS. 
 
 X Coucher Book, ib — The Stapletons, I believe, were of Thorp Stapleton, near Leeds. There is in possession of 
 R. H. Beaumont, of Whitley, Esq. a charter, by which Robert de Stapleton, probably the same as above, grants " Deo 
 B.V. M. et S. Jaeobo de Kirkeleys 8 acres, &c. in SadeUvorthe — housebote and haybote, &c. &c. salvis mihi et here- 
 dibus meis, feris forests meae et omnibus aliis dignitatibus forestae." 
 
 § Those still remain in the possession of the curate. 
 
 II This is a very early mention of hawking, which was revived in Europe, about the date of this charter, by the 
 Emperor Frederic Raibarossa, who died an. IISO. The spnrt was certainly known to the ancients, as it is referred to 
 by Martial, in the following lines : 
 
 " Praedo fuit volucrum, famulus ntmc aucupis, idem 
 Decipit, et caj)tas nun sihi incerct aves" — 
 
 The last words resemble, " avibus suis alias capientibus." — Such is the received opinion with respect to the jera at 
 which the practice of hawking was revived in the middle ages; but the frequent mention of " aira accipilrum," in 
 Domesday, .seems to prove the existence of the sport a century before, as it is difficult to account for the insertion of a 
 fact so unimportant on every other supposition. 
 
 repair
 
 Book v.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLKY. 451 
 
 repair the body of the chapel, the enclosure of the yard, with the tower, and find bells for tl>e 
 same, and the latter shall repair the chancel, and find books and vestments. 
 
 There are now within this tract three modern Chapels of case. Frear Meere, consecrated 
 by bishop Keene 1768 ; Dob-Cross, consecrated by bishop Cleaver 1787 ; and Lidyate, by the 
 same, in 1788. 
 
 The original town of Rochdale, if it deserved the name, was entirely within the township of 
 Castleton, and in the environs of the ancient castle, of which the keep, a lofty artificial mount 
 of earth, still remains, as it gave name to the township. From this circumstance, as we have 
 already shown that the villare of this country is almost entirely Saxon, I conclude that this 
 castle existed before the Conquest*; and in a curious fragment in the Harleian library, which 
 I conceive to be part of an inquisition after the death of Thomas of Lancaster, it is described 
 merely as the site of an ancient castle, long since gone to decay. 
 
 The words of the fragment are these : 
 
 " Rachedale ab antiquo vocata Racheham est quaedam patria continens in longum xii mil. 
 et amplius et in lat, x mil. et amplius, et valet annuatim ultra reprisas 1111'=, et continet in se 
 nil villas divitatas et multas hamblettas, cum multis magnis vastis in eisdem villis et hamblettis 
 vid. Honorisfeld, Spotland, Buckworth (sic), et Castleton." 
 
 And in another MS. as we have seen the church once called the church of Castleton, so 
 this township is reciprocally termed Villa Castelli de Ratcheham. 
 
 But of the hamlets, and some of the subordinate manors within this parish, a much more 
 circumstantial account is given in Dodsworth's MS. Oxf. Bib, Bod. vol. 161, where we read as 
 follows : 
 
 " Todmorden cum magna vasta tenetur de Wm. de Haworth — W. tenet eam de Tho. de 
 Sayvile & Thomas de Dom. Rege, et feoffati sunt ut de dominico de Lincoln, qui quidem tem- 
 pore suo ea tenuit de Edmundo Com. Lancast. qui de Rege. 
 
 " Walsden, cum magna vasta de Rob. Holt, et ab eo de Tho. Sayville. 
 
 " Honorisfeld Wordhull, Wordelworth, Spotland, Whyteworth, Hely, Chadwycke, Holyn- 
 worke, Butterworthe, Clegg, Newbolde, Burdshill. — Castelton Hamlet est ibm locus vocatus 
 Castel Hill et dudum fuit scit. cujusd. castelli ut creditur et dudum fuerunt xii burgenses, 
 & nunc sunt in decasu." 
 
 The manor of Rochdale, which contained within these ample bounds many subordinate 
 manors, of which some still subsist and others are lost, is itself a member of the great honor of 
 Clitheroe, and was granted out by the Lacies to the El lands of Elland, at a very early period, 
 certainly not later than the reign of Stephen -|-. From them it passed to the Savilles, of whom 
 Henry Saville granted his manor of Rachdale, Rob. filio bastardo 30 Hen. VIH. ^ 
 
 * Yet it is not mentioned in Domesday ; which Penwortham is. As the name of the township must then have 
 been in existence, it is more probable that the castle was then gone to decay, than that it was of later date. 
 
 f From the arms of Rachdale, of Rachdale, Sable, an inescutcheon, within eight martlets in orle Argent ; formerly 
 in the windows of Elland chapel, there is some reason to suspect, that soon after the Conquest, and about the origin of 
 local surnames, tliis manor was held by that family, perhaps descendants of Gamel, and that it passed, by marriage, 
 to the Ellands. 
 
 J Town). MS?. 
 
 \ How
 
 452 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. II. 
 
 How it reverted from that family to the Crown, I am not informed, but in 39th EHz. I 
 find Sir John Biron styUng himself Firmarius INIanerii de Rochdale. 
 
 But the progress of this family, from the situation of farmers to that of lords, was not 
 immediate; for King Charles I. by letters patent bearing date an. reg. Imo. under the great 
 seal, and the seals of the duchy and county palatine, granted, inter ccetera, the manor of Roch- 
 dale, with its appurtenances, to Edward Ramsey, Esq. and Robert Ramsey, gent, at the re- 
 quest of John, earl of Holderuess, and in trust for the same, under the yearly fee-farm rent 
 
 of.^.67- 15.V. 3K 
 
 And the said Edward Ramsey (Robert Ramsey being dead) afterwards, by the consent 
 of the said earl, conveys the manor, with its appurtenances, to Sir Robert Heath, knight, his 
 heirs and assigns. 
 
 Again, Sir Robert Heath, by indenture bearing date 28th June, 13th Car. Imi. in con- 
 sideration of the sum of <^.:^,500 conveys the manor aforesaid to Sir John Biron, knight, 
 afterwards created, by the same king, baron of Rochdale, and his heirs, subject to the fee-farm 
 rent aforesaid, which in consequence of the grant of Charles II. to General Monk, is still paid 
 to the lords of the honor of Chtheroc *. 
 
 In the 25th of Henry III. Edmund de Lacy granted a market to be held at his manor of 
 Rachdale, every Tuesday, and Henry de Lacy granted to Edward de Balshagh the office of 
 Serjeant de notrefrmtnche curie de liachdam, up. IghtenhuU, 1st Dec. 1st Edu. I. 
 
 The grammar school of this town was founded by Archbishop Parker, by indenture bearing 
 date Jan. 1, in the 7th year of Queen Elizabeth, upon a piece of ground near the church yard, 
 given for that purpose by Richard Midgley, vicar, and endowed with 17/. per cnui. for the 
 master, and 2/. for the usher, payable by Sir John Biron, knight, and John Biron, esq, his 
 son, lessees of the rectory of Rachdale, — The original deed is in the library of Corpus Christi 
 College, Cambridge, the great deposit of Archbishop Parker's MSS. and is attested Robert 
 Winton (Home), Richard Ely (Cox), Alexander Nowell, dean of Pauls, &c. 
 
 It has been increased, by subsequent beiietactions, to about 5^^.30 per annum; a poor 
 reward for an industrious and able master, such as I remember there, and to whom I still feel 
 myself daily indebted -f. 
 
 The parish of Rochdale, as distinct from Saddleworth, may be considered as two vallies 
 formed by the Roch and Spodden, with the great inclined planes and collateral gullies sloping 
 down to each. It is divided into four great townships : Hundersfield (anciently Honoresfeld), 
 Spotland (Spoddenland), Buttcrworth, and Castleton, as these are again subdivided into many 
 hamlets {;. 
 
 * In the time of the Usurpation, I find a Sir Thomas Alcock, knt. holding courts here (1G5-1), and styling him- 
 self lord of the manor of Rochdale. He had jirohably the sequestration of the Byron estate. 
 
 t The Rev. John Shaw. 
 
 X By an inquisition taken Nov. 13, 7 Jac. the bn;indaries of this parish are found to be as follows : begin- 
 ning at Colgrcave, in Buttcrworth, eiist to Dobbin Hill, then east to Little Mere Clough Head, thence to the 
 Redmires, then north to the Middle Greave, in Lingrcaxe, to Blakegate Foot, then no; th to Rowkin Stone, (hen to 
 the Slacks in the Moss upon VValsden Edge, thence north (o told Laughton, north to Dovclaw, to Stoney Edge, to 
 Salter Kake, then bctucin (ireat and Little Swincsliead to Todmorden Water, descending by which to Sleaner's Close, 
 thence to Mittony Close in Todmorden, thence to Caldei-, following which to Roodilee, to HolUnrake Holme, and 
 ascending Calder, to Beater Clough Foot, to Sherneyford, to Greave Clough, to Bacup, to Rockliif Lumm, following 
 the ri\er to Biandwood, then to Carr Gate, to Cowap Brook, then ascending to the head of the same, thence to the 
 
 height
 
 Book v.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 453 
 
 HOXOHSFELD. 
 
 Huneresfeld, Honorhusfcid, 1322, I332, probably the field of Honoie, a Saxon word, con- 
 tracted from Honorius, contains the hamlets of Wardle, Wenrdle, Wardleworth, Blatchin- 
 worth, Calderbrook, and Todmorden with Walsdcn, as also the Chapels of Todmorden and 
 Littleborough, both certainly erected after the year 1400, and before the reformation. 
 
 On the erection of Todmorden Chapel I have not been able to find any account ; but the 
 remains of some quaterfoils, walled into the present building, which look like remains of a 
 tomb, appear to belong to the reign of Henry V'lII. at latest. Here is the old House of the 
 RatclifFes (most probably founders of the chapel), rebuilt, but left unfinished by Savile Ratcliffe, 
 esq. as appears by his arms in the wainscot, impaling those of Catherine Hyde, his last wife. 
 An account of this ancient family, who resided for several centuries at Merley and Todmorden* 
 alternatelv, has been given under the former place-}-. 
 
 On the verge of Cliviger are the trifling remains of Bernshaw Tower, of which, though un- 
 doubtedly a small fortified house in the pass over the hills from Burnley to Todmorden, 1 have 
 never been able to discover any memorials. 
 
 The Chapel of Littleborough, still remaining in its original state, is said to have been licensed 
 for mass by the abbey and convent of Whalley, A.D, 1476? and the wood work within 
 apparently belongs to this period ;};. 
 
 Not far from hence is Stubley, long the residence of the parent house of the Holts, a me- 
 morable name in these parts, but originally of Holt, in Butterworth. They bore A. on a bend 
 engrailed Sable three fleurs de lys of the field. This house appears to have been built in the reign 
 of Henry VHI. by Robert Holt, Esq. who occurs in 1528, and whose crest, a pheon, appears 
 on the mantle-piece of a chimney. 
 
 This is the first specimen, within the compass of our work, of a stone or brick hall house of the 
 second order, that is, with a centre and two wings only. It contains within much carving in 
 wood, particularly a rich and beautiful screen betwixt the hall and parlour, with a number of 
 crests, cyphers, and cogmzances, belonging to the Holts, and other neighbouring families. It 
 was abandoned for the warmer and more fertile situation of Castleton, by Robert Holt, esq. 
 about the year 1{)40. 
 
 height of the Moss, to Ackinbut, to .lumpholes, to the West Grain of Cheeseden down the Brook to Cheeseden Lumm, 
 then to the White Ditch, on Codshaw, so foUowinc; the Water of Naden to the Wolf-stone, in Nadcn Water, following 
 the said Water to a Ditch in R;ie:slade Shore, then to Jowkin Well, following an old Ditch to Calf Hey, in Bagslade, 
 to the east side of Naigh Maigh Hill, thence to the Pinfold on Bagslade, following the Brook to the River Roch, 
 following Roch to Heywood, then a-cending to Hccden Brook, to Hopwond Hamlet, then to Thornham Hamlet, then 
 to Hathershaw Deane, then following the top of Brunedge to Knotbooth Gate, then following the Boundaries of Cronip- 
 ton to HelpetEdge, then to Ogden Edge, thence to Coldgreave. 
 
 * The oldest orthography of this word is yof/mnref/fne. Mare, according to the pronunciation of the neighbour- 
 hood, is meTe. I conceive, liiciefure, the meaning of the word to be. The valley of the mere abounding with toads. 
 But perhaps it may be derived from tod, a fox. 
 
 ■\ By charter dated June 'id, '29th Henry VI. William de Ratcl iff grants all his lands, rents, and services, in Hun- 
 dersfield, to Thomas lord CliSiird, Thomas Pilkiiigton of Pilkington, esq. and others, in trust. These were zealous 
 Lancastrians, and this step was pretty certainly intended to save a forfeiture. 1 have the original pow-er of attorney to 
 deliver possession, in consequence of this last conveyance, and have often been struck by the marks of haste and trepi- 
 dation with which it was written, strongly implying a state of great perplexity and confusion. — Several oKl tombs of the 
 Radcliffes, with the arms, yet remain in the churcli-yanl of Todmorden. % It luis lately been rebuilt. 
 
 Long
 
 454 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V^— Chap. II 
 
 Long before the Holts, appear at this place a Nicholas and John de Stubley, in the years 
 1322, 1332: then, in succession, Jolin, GeofTry, Robert, and Christopher Holt. Christojjlier 
 had Thomas, living in 1495, who had Robert*, justice of peace, living 1528, whose daughter 
 Marv married Charles Holt, Esq. her cousin, descended from the first Robert. Charles died 
 in 1592, leaving John, who married Dorothy, daughter of Nicholas Banaster, of Altham, Esq. 
 and died in 1662, leaving Robert, who, besides other sons who died young, had by his second 
 wife, Dorothy, daughter of John Bullock, of Derley, in Derbyshire, Esq. James Holt, Esq. 
 last of Castleton, who by Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Grantham, of Goltho, com. Line. Esq. 
 had issue, 1st, Frances, married James Winstanley, Esq. of Branston, com. Leic. the grand- 
 son of which marriage, Clement Winstanley, Esq. ; 2d, Elizabeth, married William Cavendish, of 
 Doveridge, com. Derb. by whom Sir Henry, who had Sir Henry, who had Frances, married 
 Richard Green, Esq. by whom Frances, married Charles Chadwick, Esq. ; 3d, Isabella, un- 
 married; 4th, Mary, married July 20th, 1714, Samuel Chetham, of Turton, Esq. who pur- 
 chased the shares of the other sisters, and dying intestate without issue, March I744, was suc- 
 ceeded by Humphrey, his brotlicr, and he by their kinsman Edward, counsellor at law, Mos- 
 ton, near Manchester, as tenant for life. He died Feb. 20th, 1768, on which event, in con- 
 sequence of a settlement made by Humphry Chetham, the estates in Castleton, &c. devolved 
 to James Winstanley, E«q. by whose son Clement they were soon after sold. 
 
 Next is Buckley, which gave name and residence to the most ancient family within the parish 
 of Rochdale. — Of this name, the first who occurs is 
 
 Geoflfry de Buckley-}-, nephew to GeofFry dean of Whallej', who lived in the reign of 
 Henry H.; then John and Adam, I323, and another Geoflfry, slain at the battle of Evesham, 
 and interred in the Abbey Church. He had John, occurring from I34O to I37O, who had 
 Adam, who marrying Alice, daughter of Thomas, son of William de la Leigh, had John, born 
 19 Edw. HI. who had Robert, living l6'th Richard H. He had John, who married, 2d Henry IV. 
 Alice, daughter of Roger Wolfenden, and had issue Ralph, who had James, living 38th 
 Henry VI. who had Robert, living 11th Henry Yl\. — He had issue Thomas, living 1507, who 
 
 had James, living 1^12, who by Alice, daughter of Haworth, gentleman, of 
 
 Haworth, had Thomas, living 1534, who married Grace, daughter of Arthur Ashton, of Clegg, 
 and Catharine, married Mr. Thomas Chadwick, of Hely ; Thomas had Abel, ob. 1637, who 
 had John, ob. 1674, who by Beatrice, daughter of William Browne, of Mexborough in York- 
 shire, Esq. had another Abel, ob. 1675, who married Judith, daughter of 
 
 Coekaine, of Cockaine Hatley, corn. Bedf. Esq. and had Edward Buckley, esq. buried in the 
 Trinity Chapel, Rochdale, }6'87. He had an uncle Thomas, brother of Abel, who married, in 
 1689, Anne Haslam, and dying in Toad lane, 1697, appears to have left a daughter, who 
 
 marrying Forster, Prothonotary, at Preston, had Thomas Forster Buckley, Esq. 
 
 of Preston, father of Edward Buckley, Esq. now alive;}:, who sold the estate of Buckley to the late 
 Robert Entvvistle, Esq. of Foxholes. 
 
 • In an old \isitation of Lancashire, by Thomas Tong, Norroy, 30 Henry VUl. is this singular entry: — 
 " Robarde Holtc, of Stutiley, hase mar. an oukl woman, by whom he hase none issewe, and tlicrefort he wo!de not 
 have her name entryed." 
 
 -f Couchcr Book. 
 
 • U.died .'\.D. 1816. 
 
 Entwistle,
 
 Book V.— Chap. 11. J HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 455 
 
 Eiitwistle, of Foxholes, bears A. on a bend engrailed S. three mullets of the first. Of this 
 family, the first who occurs is 
 
 George Entwistle, of Entwistle, who dying s. p. left a brother and heir, William, who mar- 
 ried Alice, (laughter and heir of lirad.shaw, of Bradshavv, Esq. and had ICdtnund 
 
 Entwistle, first of Foxholes. He had issue Richard, who by daughter of Arthur 
 
 Ashton, of Clegg, had Richard, who married Grace, daughter of Mr. Robert Chadwick, of 
 Hely Hall, and had John Entwistle, Esq. who marrying Dorothy, daughter of Robert Holt, of 
 Castleton, Esq. had issue Richard, born iGjl. — Richard married Ellenor, daughter of Hugh 
 Currer, of Kildwick, Esq and had Robert, a very able and distinguished magistrate, born 
 
 1692, ob. I77S, unmarried, and Edmund, who married daughter of Preston, of 
 
 Ellal (irange, and left Robert, who died unmarried and possessed of the estate, I787. — Besides 
 Richard, the issue of John Entwistle and Dorothy Holt, was Bertie, vice-chancellor of the 
 Duchy of Lancaster, and Edmund, D. D. archdeacon of Chester, who married a daughter of 
 bishop Stratford. Bertie had issue Ellen, married to Mr. John Markland, of Wigan, by whom 
 John Markland, Esq. of Manchester, by whom John Markland Entwistle, Esq. justice of peace 
 for Lancashire, now possessed of the estate, who married Ellen, daughter of Hugh Lyle, of 
 Coleraine, Esq. and has issue Ellen, John, Hugh Robert, Elizabeth, Robert, Henry, Bertie, 
 Phil. Bize, Margaret, Mary. 
 
 To this family unquestionably belonged the famous Sir Bertine Eintwisle, viscount and 
 baron of Bolebec *. 
 
 Next of the four townships is 
 
 BVTrERWORTH\, 
 
 Of which the first lord who appears was Reginald de Butterworth, probably in the reign 
 of Stephen or Henry H. ; and, in the reign of John, lived Sir Baldwin Teutonicus, or de Tyas^ 
 
 * " Ther was a vicount of in Normandy, caulld Bertine or Bertram Eintwisell, that came into England 
 
 and was much of the faction of Henry VI. and slayne at one of the battails of St. Albans. — There yet remaynilh in 
 Leic'shire a mene gentihnan (that is, of moderate fortune) of the name of Eintwisell." Leland. Itin. — The name 
 occurs among the Sheriffs of Leicester and Warwickshire. Sir Beitine had probably obtained his titles and estates in 
 Normandy from Henry V. which will account for his attachment to his son : but he was certainly a Lancashire man, 
 as I have shewn under Oswakltwisle. 
 
 1 1 have seen 14 original Charters, all transcribed into the Black Book of Clayton, relating to this township, and 
 some of tliem of very high antiquity, probably as high as Henry II. or Richard I. Several of the Seals, which aie 
 exceedingly rude, have been well preserved. The following are abstracts of some of them, with the genuine ortho- 
 graphy of the proper names : 
 
 1. " Hen. le Wild, (unde fort. Wildhouse) de Bot'worth, d. & c. 0"» Joh. de Byron, et D»e Johe ux. honi. et scr\ . 
 Ric. f. Rog. de Bot'worth : Test. int. cet. Tho. de Haston (Assheton). SIEILL TOMe LUILDG. 
 
 % Ad' de Slaveden (Sladen) d. & c. Swain" fil. sao 1 bov. infr. divisas de Okeden (Ogden) .-—Test. Ad. de Tui-ncha, 
 Mat. deCleg. Hug' de Belefield. 
 
 3. Ric. de Garthside d. & c. D"" Joh. de Buron, pro 5 den. arg. et 1 sagit. de ferro, omnem terram quam tcnuit de 
 Galf de Bot'worth : Tes. Joh. fi. Gamil, &c. 
 
 4. Joh. le Byru' d. & c. Ri. f. Rob. de Garthside, p'tem terrae meae in villata de Budwrd. S. lOpANNIS be BIRVN, 
 Three bends. 
 
 5. Wils Faber. de Butwrih, &c. Joh. f Ric. de Turnehagh : Test. lef. de Bucley, Mich, de Cleg, Rad. de le 
 Faleng, Andrew de le Halcht. 
 
 6. Turnhagh ad Turnehagh. S. DAFDI. D. TVRNA. 
 
 7. Ric. f. Ric. de Turnhagh, d. ^ c. D" Joh. de Burun el D"» Joh. ux. tot. ter. quae vocatur Turnehagh. 
 
 8. Joh 4
 
 456 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. II. 
 
 who granted to Sir Robert de Holland, in free marriage with Johan. his daughter, all his lands 
 in Rachdale, viz. in Biitterworth, Cleggs, Garthside, Akeden, Ilolynworths, Halght, &.C.— She 
 sui-vived her husband, and married, 2d, Sir John de Byron, to whom conjointly, by the name 
 of Dns. and Dna. nostra, occur several grants of lands in Butterworth, at this period. — The 
 Ellands, however, as lords of Rochdale, claimed a superiority in this manor; for I find Hugh 
 de Elland granting lands here to the same Sir John Biron, " salvo mihi Domin. mihi pert, 
 in eadem villa et horn, et serv." 20th Edw. I. ; yet, in the first of that reign, Biron had a 
 charter of free warren in Butterworth *. By inq. however, taken .... Car. H. it was found that 
 here was n» manor at all-|-. 
 
 In this township is the chapel of Milnrow, probably erected not long before the dissolution 
 of Chantries, and sold to the principal inhabitants by Richard Bold, and others, Commis- 
 sioners, a" . . ICdward \T. for divine service. It has lately been rebuilt, and was consecrated 
 by Dr. Cleaver, Bishop of Chester, 1 799. 
 
 On the bank of the Beil is the ancient house of Belfield, parcel of the possessions of the 
 Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and, after the dissolution of that order, the property of the 
 Butterworths, of whom Alexander Butterworth, Esq. dying in extreme old age, devised this 
 and other considerable estates to Richard Townley, son of a younger son of Royle, in whose 
 grandson, after passing through the last worthy possessor, they are still vested. In this town- 
 ship are Clegg-Hall, a strong square building, apparently of James the First's time, built by 
 the Ashtons, and Little Clegg, the only estate within the parish which still continues in the 
 local family name. Of this house or the adjoining one were Bernulf de Clegg and (^uenilda 
 his wife, as early as the reign of Stephen. 
 
 CJ STL ETON. 
 
 So called from the Castellum de Recedham, was principally abbey land, having been 
 granted in divers parcels to the house of Stanlaw, by its devout proprietors of the twelfth and 
 thirteenth centuries. Of these, the hamlet of Merland, which appears after the dissolution to 
 
 8. Joh. HI. Lentcock de Hokeden, d. &c. D" Joh. de Byruii, tot. ter. in But'fordach, in Hokeden. 
 
 9. Hen. f. l.enecock de Hokeden, d. &c. D"" Joh. de Buyiun D"" meo, et D^e Joh. ux. tot. ter. meam in 
 Hokeden. 
 
 10. Tho. Wilde, d. &c. cest. terr. W. fil. Ric. de Cliffe, A.D. l"284. 
 
 11. Will, de Cliffe, d. &c. D"» Joh. d,; Biinin D"" meo & D^e Joi). ux. 1 bov. ter. in Betworth, cum al. ter. ex ilia 
 parte Bele, usq. le Hale'. 
 
 l^. Tho. f. W. B'hat, d. &c. Ric. de Oagehde', totam terrain quam Andr. de Cleg, mihi dedit in vill. de Cleg." 
 
 * Tiiese steps have been retrieved from the Black Book of Clayton, of which I have lately met with a copy at 
 rowncley. It is a complete and cuiious Chartulary of the evidences of the Biron family, consisting of 330 charters, 
 down to the reign of Henry VI. when it was transcribed, A.D. 1426. The tombs of the Teutonic! are still remaining 
 very entire in the little chapel of Lede, near Abberford, with the arms, viz. a foss and three mallets in chief. The 
 e])itaphs itill, for the most part, very legible, and in Lougobardic characters, are as follow : — " Nobilis Domina Mar- 
 goria cujus aie p. . . . Deus, amen. 
 
 " Nobilis miles Baldvvinus Teutonicus ciijus, &c. 
 Franconis Tiesci ici gist Chevaler." 
 
 t As an instance of the extreme laxity of inquisitions, it was found 2Gih Henry \ 1 II. that Thomas Belfield held lands 
 of Robert Holt, esq. as of his manors of Spotland, Hundersfield, and Butterworth. — Townel. MSS. So necessary it is, in 
 order to eMabli^li a m;inor, to prove, not what rights have been conveyed, but w hat have been exercised. 
 
 have
 
 Book V.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 45T 
 
 have been granted to the Radcliffs, of Langley, was sold by Henry Radchff, to Charles Holt, 
 of Stuble\-, Esq. ; as two third parts of the rest of the township appear to have been by William 
 Grose and Charles Newcome, Gentlemen, original purchasers from Queen Elizabeth. Here is 
 Castleton-Hall, a large irregular pile, the residence of the Holts from the time of their quitting 
 Stubley, about I640, to the death of James Holt, Esq. in I713; afterwards of tiie Cheethams, 
 till the death of Edward Cheetham, Esq. in 176^). Castleton includes the hamlets of Mar- 
 land, Beurdsill, and Newbold *. 
 
 SPOTLAND, 
 
 Extending from the source of the Spodden nearly to its union with the Roach. This 
 townshi]), consisting of the hamlets of Falings, Healey, Whitvvorth, Wolstonholme, and 
 Spodland proper, contained a very large proportion of abbey land, in consequence of which, 
 though without any specific grant, so far as I have been able to discover, the manor of Spot- 
 land itself was claimed by the abbot and convent of Whallev ; after the dissolution of which, 
 by charter bearing date exactly five years and nine days after the execution of Abbot Paslew, 
 Henry VIH. granted to Thomas Holt, of Grizzlehurst-|-, Esq. the manor of Spotland, with 
 its appurtenances, lately belonging to the monastery of Whalley, and which " came into our 
 hinds, or ought to have come, by reason of the attalnture of John Paslew, the late abbot there, 
 which lately hath been attainted of high treason," for the sum of ^.641. 16*. Srf. These 
 premises included the whole of Brandwood ! 
 
 In this family they continued till the year 1667, when they were sold by Thomas 
 Posthumus Holt, Esq. last in the direct line of Grizzlehurst. 
 
 The connecting link of this house with that of Stubley is unfortunately lost. 
 
 Ralph Holt, however, first of Grizzlehurst, " is said" to have been a second son of Stubley; 
 he married a daughter of Sir Geoffry Brockhole, and had issue James, who by Isabel, daughter 
 of Mr. John Abram, of Abrani, had Ralph : Ralph Holt married Anne, daughter of Sir John 
 Langley, of Edgecroft, had issue Sir Thomas Holt, knighted by Edward earl of Hertford, in 
 Scotland, 36 Henry VIII. who, by Dorothy, daughter of Ralph Langford, of Langford, in 
 Derbyshire, Esq. had Francis: Francis Holt married Hellen, daughter of Sir John Holcroft ; 
 he was living 10th Elizabeth, and had issue Thomas, who married Constance, daughter of Sir 
 Edward Littleton, of Pillaton Hall, in the county of Staftbrd, and had Francis, who married 
 
 daughter of William Ashton, of Clegg, Esq. and had issue Theophilus, who by 
 
 Alice, daughter of John Greenhalgli, Esq. of Brandlesome, had issue Thomas Posthumus, and 
 died about 163O. Thomas Posthumus Holt married Anne, daughter of John Goodhand, Esq. 
 of Kermond in the Mire, in the county of Lincoln, by whom Thomas, who died an infant. 
 Thomas Posthumus, the father, alienated these estates, and having been much indebted 
 to his cousin Alexander Holt, goldsmith, of London, devised Grizzlehurst to him. He had 
 an estate, at that time worth ^.1000. per annum, and having been a great sufferer for his 
 loyalty, was designed for the order of the Royal Oak, had it been instituted. He died, ac- 
 cording: to a MS memorandum which I have seen, " 25th March 1669, after sown sett a 
 
 * Andrew, son of .\lan de iMerl.iiid, bequeathed his body to be bmled at Stanlaw, and all his lands in Spotland to 
 
 the said house. Executors, D'"^" \\\\mf> Piiore de Stanlaw, et Fra. Hen. de Blackburn. CoMcherBook. 
 
 t Grizzlehurst is in the \)arish of Middleton and townsliip of Biitle-cuui-Bamford ; but of the ancient mansion of 
 
 the Holts there are few remains. 
 
 ^ N bower.
 
 458 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. II. 
 
 bower, as they report it." Wliat can be traced of the alhance of tlie Holts, of Grizzlehurst, 
 with Alexander Holt, devisee of the last Thomas Posthumus, is this. Thomas Holt, who 
 married Constance Littleton, had three brothers, Francis, Richard, and John, from one of 
 whom came William Holt, who by Margaret Sundish, of Standish, had Edward, who mar- 
 ried Dorothy Dickenson, of Cople, and another son (who had John Holt, of Wigan,) expressly 
 styled uncle to Alexander. If there were no other brother, therefore, Alexander was son 
 of Edward ; at all events he was grandson of William : again, Edward Holt, who married 
 Dickenson, had Edward, who had another Edward, married Jane, daughter of JeoOry Prescot, 
 of Shevington, by whom Edward Holt, of Ince. 
 
 The Chapel of \^ hitworth* appears by an indenture, dated 24 Henry VHI. to have been 
 erected by some of the principal inhabitants, who were greatly assisted and encouraged by 
 Robert Holt, of Stubley, Esq. It is remarkable, that this was an aera of chapel building, in 
 the parish of Whalley, with its dependencies, and that most of the original structures have 
 grown ruinous, and been rebuilt within our own memories. This applies toTodmorden, Whit- 
 worth, Milnrow, Goodshaw, Accrington, Holme. The greater parochial chapels were either 
 more durably constructed, or better repaired. Wliitworth, in particular, was rebuilt, and a 
 burial-ground consecrated by Bishop Cleaver, A. D. 1795- 
 
 Along the Iiigh and barren ridge which separates the valley of Roch from that of Spodden, 
 and extends from Ciiviger Moor nearly to Rochdale, are several elevations, whose names or 
 remaining appearances indicate their situation, or the uses to which they were anciently ap- 
 plied ; as Wardle, qii. WardhuU, where watch and ward was kept ; Tooter Hill, a Toot 
 buccinare — the Horn-blowers Hill; and Hades Hill, from the summit of which the water 
 descends to both seas. On the top of this last are the remains of a large beacon, with the 
 foundations of a circular enclosure, as usual. This, and Thievley Pike, appear to have formed 
 the connecting links between Pendle Hill and Buckton Castle. 
 
 Last is the hamlet of Healey (Highfield), memorable for the antient mansion of the Chad- 
 wicks, which stands to great advantage, on an elevated point of ground, commanding a rich 
 and extended prospect, as far as the forest of Delamere in front, and immediately beneath 
 looking down on a woody dingle, where the Spodden struggles for its passage through a channel 
 of excavated rock. 
 
 Henrv, son of Dolphin de Hely, gave two bovates of land here to the Abbey of Stanlaw, 
 soon after its first foundation -f-. They continued however to be held by the family, under their 
 ecclesiastical grantees; for Richard de Heley held his lands here as feudatory of the house in 
 the time of Richard I. and John. Richard had a brother John, who had Andrew, married to 
 Hawise, daughter of Henry de Merland. They had Thomas, whose daughter and heiress 
 Hawise, marrying Adam de Oakden|, had Alexander de Oakden, to whom Hawise released 
 her lands in Spotland, 13SS. He had issue John de Okeden, who had Alexander and Thomas 
 Okeden, of Heley, whose son Adam, married Margaret, coheiress of Richard Butterworth, by 
 
 * In Dodsworth's MSS. I have met with the following memorantla, which are confirmed by the Coucher Book. 
 " Man. de Whitworth per div. donatioiies concessum fuit Abb. et conv. de Stanlaw, temp. R. Joh." Also, " Mem. 
 quod medietas man. de Whitworth don. fuit per dn. Joh. de Elland percenarium domin. de Rachdale, Abb. et conv. de 
 Stanlaw. 
 
 t Coucher Book. J In Butterworth. This is the original of the common surname Ogden. 
 
 Alison,
 
 Book V.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 4Sf^ 
 
 Alison, daugliter of Adam Buckley. And in I483, Alice, their oldest daughter and coheiress, 
 married John Chadwick, uho thus became possessed of Heley. 
 
 Nicholas de Chadwick, ancestor of this John, lived in the time of Edward III. had Robert, 
 s. p. and John, who died before 144o5 leaving Henry, who continued the family at Chadwick, 
 and Jordan married Elenor Kirkshavv. They were Trinitarians of the house of St. Robert, near 
 Knaresborough, 1459- They had, besides other children, John and Oliver ; the latter of whom 
 was slain in an aftray betv\een the Birons and Trafiords, whereupon ^.6'0 was paid to the 
 Chadwicks, by the award of Thomas, lord Stanley, in 1480. John, son of Jordan, married 
 Alice Okeden, as above stated, resided at Heley, and died 1498. Thomas Chadwick, Gent, 
 his son, in ward of James Stanley, warden of Manchester, 1500, in 1512 married Katherine, 
 daughter of James Bucley, of Bucley, and had John. 
 
 John Chadwick married, I551, Agnes, daughter of James Heywood, of Heywood, Gent, 
 buried " upon the South side, within the quyre in Rochdale church, where his auncestors had 
 been accustomed to be buryed," Jan. 30, 1615, aged 103. He had issue Robert, his heir, and 
 Charles, afterwards D. D. and the first Fellow of Emanuel College, Cambridge. Robert Chad- 
 wick married Alice, daughter of Edward Butterworth, of Belfield, Gent, in 1581. In 1618, 
 he rebuilt his mansion at Helej^, and died 16'25, leaving Jordan, his heir, and John, A. M. rector 
 of Standish, &c. Jordan Chadwick, born 1597, married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of 
 Richard Matthew, of Oldham, Gent, died 1634, leaving John, his heir, and Charles, styled 
 D. D. in 1657. 
 
 John Chadwick, of Holey and Mavesyn Redware, Esq. married Katherine, heiress of his 
 kinsman, Lewis Chadwick, Esq. of Mavesyn, by Mary Bagot, his wife, buried at Rochdale 
 1669, lieutenant-colonel for the parliament, had issue Charles, and John rector of Dartford, 
 in Kent, &c. 
 
 Charles Chadwick, Esq. born 1637, married in 1665, Anne, daughter of Valence Sache- 
 verell, of Newhall, in the county of Warwick, and Callow, in the county of Derby, by Anne, 
 daughter of Sir George Devereux, brother of Walter fifth viscount Hereford, buried at Sutton, 
 1697, had ispue Charles, &c. 
 
 Charles Chadwick, Esq. born 1675, buried at Ridware 1757? married 1st Dorothy, daugh- 
 ter of Sir Thomas Dolman, of Shaw-House, Berks, by whom Charles, who took the name of 
 Sacheverell, being possessed of the estates of that family, and of Ridware. He died s. p. 
 1779, and was succeeded by Dorothy, his sister, who died unmarried. 2d. His cousin-german, 
 Mary Illingworth, by whom 
 
 John Chadwick, Esq. of Heley-Hall, born 1720, succeeded to the Lancashire estates by 
 settlement, at the death of his father, rebuilt Heley-Hall (now an excellent house) I774, justice 
 of peace, deputy lieutenant for Lancashire, and lieutenant-colonel of the Royal Lancashire 
 Militia, died Nov. 23, iSoo, leaving, by Susannah Holt, of Shevington, his wife, a son, Charles, 
 and a daughter unmarried. 
 
 Charles Chadwick, Esq. of Heley, Ridware, Newhall, and Callow, born 1/53, married 
 Frances, daughter of Richard Green, Esq. of Leventhorp, in the county of York, and has an 
 only son, Hugo Malvesyn Chadwick, born 1793. 
 
 Chadwick bears, Gules, an inescutchcon, and orl of martlets Argent ; crest antiently a 
 white lily, latterly a talbot's head, for Malvesyn ; motto, " Juxta Salopiam ;" together with 
 46 quarterings.
 
 460 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.—Chap. III. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 PORTION OF THE ORIGINAL PARISH OF WHALLEY, ANCIENTLY 
 
 WITHIN AMUNDERNESS. 
 
 RIBCHESTER*. 
 
 1 HIS Parish, together with that of Chipping, is expressly asserted, in the Status de Black- 
 burnshire, to have been taken out of the original Parish of Whalley. 
 
 The present choir is of the age of John, or the earlier part of Henry HI. and has on the 
 North side, a tomb, consisting of one solid block of stone, with the arms of the Houghtons. 
 This church had two chantries, one on the South side enclosed with a gothic latticed screen, 
 commonly called the Dutton Choir, and the place of interment of the Townleys, of that place. 
 
 On the North side is a distinct aile opening into the nave of the church, which was the 
 chantry founded by Katharine, wife of William Linehalls, lady of the manor of Ribchester, 
 who vested in trust certain lands, " cuidam capellano divina quotidie celebraturo in quadam 
 capella constructa in parte boreali ecclesiae de Ribchester, pro salute Regis Heurici et Ricardi 
 Hoghton, militis, patre et matre, &c." 8vo Hen. IV. 
 
 Prior to the family of Linehalls, I find the Motons styling themselves lords of Ribchester, 
 27th Edward III. Afterwards it became the property of the Sherburnes, through whom it 
 descended to Thomas Weld, Esq. the present owner. 
 
 The living of Ribchester is a late appropriation belonging to the see of Chester. Of the 
 rectors I have only met with William de Wakefeld, iijth Edward III.; John de More, I40S ; 
 John Ellwick, 1457. 
 
 The following barbarous charter will prove that there was no bridge at Ribchester in the 
 28th of Edward HI. " Ego Adam Bibby d. &c. W" B. Ferrimon Man' de Osbaldeston quan- 
 dam parcellam terre jaxta Madynford de Ribblechester ad usum Ferrimon ad eundem »avium. 
 Et si non fuerit Jerrians et carrians homines et fceminas extra aquam de Ribell, volo quod 
 liberi homines ejus patrie ibi edificent pontem de ligni vel lapide, quod bene liceat rectori de 
 Ribelchester vel Dom. de Osbaldeston." This comes nearer to the style of Ignoramus than any 
 charter I have seen. 
 
 STEDE. 
 
 Immediately adjoining to Ribchester, on the East, is the extraparochial Chapel of Stede, 
 which seems to have belonged to a Guild or Hospital of very high antiquity ; for in a charter 
 
 * The statue of a lion, of Roniaa sculpture, has lately been dug up at Rihchesti-r. It was evidently an archi- 
 tectural ornament. 
 
 without
 
 Book v.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 461 
 
 without date, I find certain premises in Ribchester, bounded by the lands Sancti Salvatoris. 
 In another, bearing date 3d Henry VII. are conveyed certain lands lying " inter domum 
 S'cti Saluatoris le Stede et Chester Brooke." And in an English charter, nearly of the same 
 date, it is called the house of St. Saviour's of Stede. Lastly, by will, dated IJOl, Nicholas 
 Talbot, a descendant from Bashall, appoints a priest to sing for twelve months at Stead, " where 
 fader and moder arc buried." The chapel itself is undoubtedly the oldest entire building 
 within the compass of this History; the windows narrow and lancet-shaped, the arches of two 
 doors, though rather pointed, enriched with Saxon ornaments, and the whole finished in that 
 mixture of styles which took place in the reign of Stephen. [I have discovered from the Cou- 
 cher Book of Salley, in the British Museum, that this is the " Hospitale subtus Langrig." It 
 was styled " Hospitale Sancti Salvatoris subtus Langrig, etMag. et Fratres ib'm Deo servicntes."] 
 But the inside of this small neglected edifice is still more interesting, having had divine service 
 only twice a year since the reformation ; no reading-desk was ever erected, and prayers are read 
 out of the pulpit, which is durably elevated on a basis of stone ; opposite appears a coffin tomb 
 of high antiquity, broken open, and the fragments lying in most picturesque disorder, the floor 
 strewed with ancient gravestones, some inscribed with Longobardic letters, now too obscure to 
 be retrieved, and by way of contrast to this scene of squalid antiquity, here lies under a slab 
 of beautiful white marble, the late Catholic Bishop Petre, who lived and died at Showley. 
 
 The inscription is as follows : 
 
 D. O. M. 
 Hie jacet Illustmus. et Revdus. Dnus. D. Franciscus Petre de Fithlars, ex inclyta et vetusta 
 prosapia, in comitatu Essexiae, Episcopus Armoniensis * et Vic. Apostol. in Districtu Septent. 
 quern viginti quatuor annos beneficentiis et apostolicis virtutibus fovit et ornavit, turn plenus 
 dierum bonorumque operum, praemissis multis elcemosynis, obiit in Dno. anno aet. suae 
 Lxxxiv. die xxiv. Decembris, anno mdgclxxv. 
 
 R. I. P. 
 
 The stone which was removed on occasion of his interment, yet remains, and the Longo- 
 bardic -|- characters inscribed around it, have been originally relieved by sinking the surface of 
 the stone around them ; after which, the cavity has again been filled by fluid mortar, extremely 
 white, which gives it the appearance of a rude cameo of two colours. I do not remember to 
 have seen any thing like this in other ancient gravestones. 
 
 The glazing of the East window having been broken from time to time and never repaired, 
 ivy of the most luxuriant growth has made its way through the apertures, and now mantles in 
 rich festoons over the altar ; perhaps nothing is more favourable to picturesque beauty than 
 such a partial state of neglect and dilapidation. 
 
 Next is Dutton, of which place I find Richard, son of Ughtred de Dutton, then William 
 
 * In partibus infidelium. Where is Armonia ? — Amorium in the Upper Phrygia is mentioned by Stephanus 
 Byzantinus. See also Gibbon's Decline and Fall, c. LIT. note. • 
 
 t It may be observed, once for all, that this, which is in fact the Norman character, appears in all our inscriptions 
 from the Conquest to the latter end of Edward III. when it is succeeded by the old English rectilinear letter. This 
 last maintained its place to the last years of Henry VIII. when it gave way to a fantastic alphabet formed upon the 
 Longobaidic, but with many unnecessary flourishes. la inscriptions on wainscot in this last, the characters ai'e often 
 formed of distorted bodies of animals. 
 
 de
 
 462 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. III. 
 
 de Dutton, both in charters without date. A WiUiam de Dutton (whether the same person is 
 uncertain) grants his lands in Dutton to Henry de Clayton. A Ralph de Clayton styles 
 himself Dns. de Dutton, 14th Edward III. ; and in the 47th of the same reign, Henry de Clay- 
 ton grants the manor of Dutton to Richard de Townley. In the Townleys, of Townley, it 
 continued till it was given to Richard Townley, a younger son, in whose descendants and 
 name it remained till the death of Henry Townley, whose surviving daughter died in extreme 
 old an-c anno 1799. How the manor became severed from this estate I know not; but it is 
 now the property of Thomas Weld, Esq. 
 
 Bavley the adjoining township and a manor belonging to the same family, has nothing 
 remarkable: but Aighton, the next in order, is distinguished by Stonyhurst, the princely 
 mansion of the Sherburnes. 
 
 The use of many valuable evidences relating to this family, with which I have been favoured 
 by Thomas Weld, Esq. their present representative, enables me to deduce their genealogy from 
 very early times, with considerable exactness. They bore quarterly, 1st, a lion ramp. Vert, armed 
 and langued Gules, for Sherburne ; 2d, Vert, an eagle displayed Arg. for Bayley ; 4th, as the 
 first; 3d, as the 2d*. 
 
 In the time of Richard I. lived GeofTry I'Arbalastier, to whom John earl of Morton, 
 afterwards king, gave six carucates of land in Haconsall and Preesal. He had a grandson called 
 Robert de Shyreburne (from what place is uncertain), who had the manor of Hanieldon, of his 
 grandfitther's gift, and survived to 45th Henry III. having a son, John de Shyreburne (living 
 40th Henry III.), who left Sir Robert de Shereburne, knight, senescal of Clitheroe and Black- 
 burnshire, who occurs from 6th Edward I. to iGth Edward III. and having married Alice, 
 dauohter and coheiress of John de Blackbnrne, of Wiswall, left Sir John de Sherburne, who 
 attended Edward III. at the siege of Calais. He died 29th Edward III. leaving Sir Richard, 
 who married Alice, daughter of William de Plumpton, knight, and left two daughters and co- 
 heiresses, Margaret and Johanna, of whom the latter appears to have been unmarried. During 
 all this period, it does not appear where the Sherburnes resided ; but Margaret married Richard, 
 jon of John de Bayley, about 51 Edward III. which Richard had licence for an oratory at 
 Stonyhurst 1372, and dying 2d Richard II. had issue Richard, who took the name of Sher- 
 burne. This Richard, son of John de Bayley, was grandson of Jordan de Bayley, who by 
 deed, without date, had Stonyhurst, by the gift of Henry de Wath and Margaret his wife. 
 
 This Richard de Sherburne was born at Stonyhurst, on the feast of St. Wilfred, 5th Ri- 
 chard II. and baptized in the church of Mitton. He married Agnes, daughter of William 
 Stanley, of Hooton, com. Cest. arm. and died 19th Henry VI. He had issue Richard, who 
 died before his father, " die Ascensionis 1441, et erat tumulatus in Capella Sci Nic. de Mitton." -|- 
 He married Matilda, daughter of Laurence Hanimerton, of Wicklisworth, arm. and had 
 Robert, who by Johanna, daughter of Thomas de RadclifF, of Wimmersley, knight, had ano- 
 
 < 
 
 * By a memorial of Sir Nicholas Sherburne, 1 Finil that he claimed supporters (viz. Iwo naked men) prior to his 
 creation as baronet. This was singular ; but the claim was allowed by Lord Bindon, Dep. E. M. 
 
 t " Ric. Shirborn, of Par. of Myton Squyr, buried before the aulter of St. Nic. in the said church, to which he 
 gtves a vestment of blue velvet with apptenances, and wilkth that a closet bo made abt the sd altar at his charge, and 
 twenty white gownea to twenty poor men to cany tochs at his burl, dated Jan. 3, 113C." The old lattice now remain- 
 ing under the belfiy at Mitton is a remnant of this legacy. Dods. MSS. vol. lo?, fol. 9. 
 
 ther
 
 Book V.— Chap. III. J HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 463 
 
 ther Richard, and Isabel, married John Townley, of Townley, Esq. per Cart, dated Hapton, 
 23d Hen. VI. He died Aug. 29th, 10th Henry VII. 
 
 Richard Sherburne, knight, married Jane, daughter of Henry Langton, of Walton, Esq. 
 aged thirty years ad mort. patr. died intestate 4th Henry VIII. and was interred in the little 
 choir of St. Nicholas, at Mitton. He left Hugh Sherburne, Esq. founder of the chantry at 
 Mitton, who married Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Talbot, of Bashall, and died lyth 
 Henry VIII. or 152S ; and Grace, wife of Roger Novvell, Esq. nupt. 3 Henry VIII. The son 
 and heir of Hugh was Thomas Sherburne, who married Jane, daughter of Sir John Townley, 
 knight, and dying Sept. 22, 28th Henry VIII. left Richard, of Stonyhurst ; John, settled at 
 Ribchester; and Robert, a lawyer, of Little Mitton; which Robert dying 14th Elizabeth, the 
 inventory of his effects amounted to ,^.963. 35. ^d. Sir Richard Sherburne, of full age 35th 
 Henry VIII. married, 30th of ditto, Matilda, daughter of Sir Richard Bold, of Bold, and 
 dying 26th July 1594, vvas interred at Mitton the day following. He left Thomas, who died a 
 minor, and Richard his heir, besides other children. 
 
 Richard Sherburne, Esq. captain of the Isle of Man, and founder or finisher of the present 
 house at Stonyhurst, aged thirty-seven and upwards at his fatlier's death, married, 20th Eliza- 
 beth, Catharine, daughter of Charles lord Stourton, and grand-daughter of Henry earl of 
 Derby, died IJth April, 1628, but according to the register of Mitton Cliurch, was interred 
 there April 3d, 1628. He had issue, Henry, who married Anne, daughter of Francis, lord 
 Dacre, but died 1612, s. p. ; Richard, and other children. 
 
 Richard Sherburne married, 1st, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Molineux, of Sephton, 
 by whom Elizabeth, who died young ; 2d, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Walmsley, Esq. 
 of Punkenhalgh, and died Feb. 11th, 1667, aged 55, leaving Richard, and two daughters. 
 
 Richard Sherburne, baptized at Mitton 3d July 1C26, died Aug. l6, 1G89, having married 
 Isabel, daughter of John Ingleby, of Lawkland, Esq. by whom Richard Sherburne, of Wig- 
 glesworth, married Anne, daughter of John Cansfield, Esq. but died s. p. April 6th, 169O; 
 2d. Sir Nicholas Sherburne, created baronet Feb. 4th, 1685, born July 29th, 1658, married 
 Catherine, daughter and coheiress of Sir Edward Charlton, of Hesley Side, com. North, 
 hart.; and Elizabeth, married William, son and heir of Sir John Weld, of Lullworth Castle, 
 com. Dorset. 
 
 Sir Nicholas Sherburne, married as aforesaid, had Richard Francis, born I693, diedlJOQ; 
 and Maria Winifreda Francisca, born Nov. 26, 1692, married Thomas the eighth Duke of 
 Norfolk; and her Grace dying without issue, 25th September 1754, was interred in the vault 
 at Mitton. 
 
 The estates then reverted to the issue of Elizabeth Weld, her aunt, who had Humphrey Weld, 
 Esq. of Lullworth Castle. He married Margaret, only daughter of Sir James Simons, Bart, 
 of Aston Hall, com. Stafford, by whom Edward Weld, Esq. who married Teresa, daughter of 
 John Vaughan, Esq. of Courtfield, com. Monm. and died July 21, 1754, aged 40, leaving, 
 besides other children, Thomas Weld, Esq. present owner of Stonyhurst, married, 1772, Mary, 
 eldest daughter of Sir John Stanley, of Hooton, bart. by whom fifteen children. The oldest of 
 these, Thomas Weld, born 1 773, marrying Lucy, second daughter of the Hon. Tho. Clifford, 
 of Tixal, com. Staf. has issue a daughter; and Edward, the second son, dying at Stonyhurst, 
 Jan. 17, 1796, aged 20, was interred in the vault at Mitton. 
 
 The
 
 464 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. III. 
 
 The venerable house of Stonyhurst, which stands on an eminence, commanding extensive 
 views of Calderbottom and Ribblcsdale, yet screened from the North by the vast bulk of Long- 
 ridge, was probably begun by Sir Richard Sherburne, who died 1594, and finished by his son, 
 as the arms of both, with their cyphers and the date I596, appear on the drawing-room chim- 
 ney- When the park was inclosed, I have not been able to learn. The heavy cupolas were 
 added, the canals dug, and the gardens laid out in the Dutch taste, by Sir Nicholas Sherburne, 
 who came to reside there in IO93*. The domestic chapel was, according to the custom of our 
 old mansions, above the gateway, till within memory, when a spacious and handsome oratory 
 was fitted up, which, togetiier with the size and general disposition of the apartments, rendered 
 the whole easily convertible to the purj)ose to which it has been munificently devoted by the 
 owner — a large Catholic seminary -j-. 
 
 The principal of the present seminary at Stonyhurst is in possession of some exquisite 
 carvings in ivory, said to be by Michael Angelo, the original George of Sir Thomas More 
 (qu. whether worn by him as Cliancellor), and two of his seals ; one as Chancellor of Exche- 
 quer, or, as he was then styled, Sub-Treasurer of England. 
 
 But their most valuable relic is a MS. of the Gospel of St. John, in small square capitals, 
 with an intermixture of early Saxon characters, particularly the letter F, resembling those of 
 the Codex Argenteus. It is Jerom's version ; and by an inscription in a very old hand, resem- 
 blipo- that of charters as early as Edward I. is said to have been taken from the tomb of St. Cuth- 
 bert at his translation. The practice of attaching MSS. to tombs, appears, from the following 
 beques-t of one John Dautre, to have come down to much later times. " Item lego mro. Wm. 
 Langton, sp'ituali patri meo, cui maximo teneor amore, usum unius libri, pro termino vitae 
 sue, quern beatus Ric'us le Scroop gerebat in sinu suo temp, sue decollationis ; Supplicaudo 
 
 * 111 a ver}' slight and inaccurate account of Malhani, to which L(>id Orford has done too much honour by quoting 
 it, a tradition is mentioned, that Stonyhurst was built by Inigo Jones, for Sir Nicholas Sherburne ; that is, by an artist 
 who was abroad lor a gentleman who was unborn. Inigo was then on his travels, and did not return till 1606. His 
 lirst works were however mixed with the old style. I fear it would iiow be vain to inquire for the architect of 
 Stonyhurst. 
 
 f Among the many praises which an impartial posterity w ill bestow on this Country for their conduct in the late 
 arduous contest, none surely will be more sincere than that which records iluir iiospitable reception of the distressed 
 Ecclesiastics of France. They, it is to be hoped, will consider a foibearance to interfere with the Established Religion of 
 this Country, aa the best and most acceptable return which they can make for the undisturbed exercise of iheir own. But 
 as we and they hold the fundamentals of Christianity in common, as both theirs and ours are true churches, claiming 
 their respective rights in succession from the Apostles, during a contest like the present, all memory of ancient wrongs 
 ought, as far as possible, to be abolished ; all subordinate distinctions of discipline and doctrine overlooked; and the 
 Ministers of Religion , however separated in the e.\ercise of their respective ofiices, cordially united in their efforts against 
 the powers of earth and hell, which are leagued against ihein al). These are the genuine sentiments and earnest wishes 
 of the Author, with respect to the Ministers of the Catholic Religion ; and if, in any part of this Work, he has indulged 
 a smile at the peculiarities, or aimed a censure at the rapacity of monks, he trusts t hat he has elsewhere done ample justice 
 to their virtues; and that his representation of their manners and habits is, on the whole, more favourable than ever 
 came from a Protestant before. He believes the Monastic Orders of the middle ages to have consisted of the best and 
 most valuable men of their times ; that they were almost the only artists, or patrons of arts ; and that, above all, in days 
 of outrage and rapine, when private repositories of learning must all have fallen in their turn a prey to the strongest. 
 Providence interfered, by raising permanent foundations, generally regarded as inviolable, to jueserve, for the benefit 
 of more enlightened ages, the treasures of classical antiquity, and the fountains of celestial truth. 
 
 eidem
 
 Book V.— Chap. III.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 465 
 
 eidem mag'ro Will'mo. ut ipse p'dictum libriim post mort. suam catlienand' 1 i beret et dimittet 
 juxta locum ubi corpus ejusdem Ric'i requiescit, ibm. p'petuo remanere *." 
 
 In the back court of Stonyliurst are many remains of half-timbered building belonging to 
 the original house ; and in one apartment this inscription appears in wood, Jractum e^t Ijoc opu.si 
 pec igug. ^Ijcrfaurnc, arm. a. iD. lU^^fO'JSi- This was the founder of the Chantry at Mitton. 
 
 In a modern building on the North side of the quadrangle, are some remains of fine 
 masonry from Whailey Abbey, particularly two shields of arms, viz. the lion rampant and the 
 fret, the latter of which was one of the cognizances of Roger de Lacy. There are also two 
 angels bearing shields, charged with the instruments of the passion, and several disjointed 
 fragments of an inscription in black letter, of which J?iat toolunta^ tua is most legible. The 
 whole is surmounted by a rich moulding of trefoils, resembling those which are often seen 
 upon screens and other wainscot-work of Henry Vlllth's time. I suspect these to have been 
 remnants of the Lady Chapel, built by Paslew. Another angel, evidently in the same style, 
 and from the same place, is walled up in the front of a house in Wlialley. 
 
 The place altogether is thus described, in no contemptible Latinity, about a century ago-|- : 
 
 " Situ loci nil amoenius aut jucundius — regale illud aedificium de Stonyliurst, ubi vivarium 
 damis refertum, piscaria insignia, aquae ductae nobiles et, ut omnia dicam, hortus floribus et 
 arboribus,jucundis juxta atquc utilibus, undique consitus : in hoc labyrinthus mirae jucunditatis, 
 Pegasus et Fons Musis et ApoUini sacer. Quin et situs uberrimus — Mons enim Longridge ignis 
 fomitem quotannis abunde suppeditat, et dulcissimos aquarum fontes ubertim undique effundit: 
 pascua ac prata longe lateque patent gregibus et gramine repleta — arva frumenti feracissima: 
 imis in vallibus duo flumina Rhibellus et Hodder, in quibus piscium delicatissimorum ingens 
 copia quotidie capiuntur. — De salubritate aeris quid dicam? Favonius placidus ab occidentali 
 plaga leni flamine spirans tanta temperie plantas arboresque fovet et salubres reddit, ut quani 
 vis multos longaevos illic invcnias, hilares tamen ac laetos invenies tanquam in ipso flore 
 juventutis. 
 
 CHIPPING, anciently CHEPIN, 
 An obscure, uninteresting place, and another appropriation to the see of Ciiester. 
 
 In the Gentleman's Magazine for 1772, p. 588, is inserted an account of the following 
 inscription on the font of this place, which the writer supposes to be similar to that of Brid- 
 kirk, &,c. and the characters, though peculiar, akin to Runic. No explanation was ever give n. 
 
 * Dods. MSS. vol. 132, fol. 82. 
 
 o 
 
 t MS. pen. T. Weld, ar. 
 
 The
 
 466 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V. —Chap. III. 
 
 The font, however, is comparatively modern; possibly not earlier than Henry VIII. The 
 characters in the upper line belong not to any alphabet, but are probably sigla, of which the 
 triangle inscribed within the circle seems to denote the co-eternity of persons in tlie Holy 
 Trinity. The rest I shall not attempt to elucidate. 
 
 Of the lower line, three compartments appear to be marked with the instruments of the 
 passion; a fourth has the cypher I. H. S. ; a fifth the monogram X ; and two others the initials 
 I. B. probably the forgotten donor. 
 
 With respect to the descents of this manor, I find in charters, without date, Richard de 
 Chepin, lord of Chepiii. Then Jolin de Chepin grants the homage and service 1$ hominum 
 suorum in Chepin to Richard de Knolle, circ. 22 Edward III. After several generations, Isabel 
 Knolles, heir-general of this family, married Roger Sherburne, of Wolfhouse, in whose de- 
 scendants this manor continued to the latter end of the 17th century. 
 
 *The adjoining manor of Thornley teas once probably a member of CA/'/j/;///"^ ; for, 14th 
 Henry Vlf. I find that one Charles Singleton, son of Margaret Singleton, widow, who was 
 daughter of Miles Knolles, bargained and sold the said manor to Tliomas earl of Derby -j-. 
 
 PORTIONS OF THE ORIGINAL PARISH, WITHIN ROWLAND» 
 PARISHES OF MITTON AND SLADEBURN. 
 
 MITTON MAGNA. 
 
 The parish of Mitton was surveyed in Domesday under the manor of Grinleton, as it now 
 forms a portion of that of Slaydburn, and it vvas always considered as a part of Rowland, in 
 the more extended sense of the word. 
 
 The Church of Mitton, which is the principal object of this brief survey, stands on the 
 precipitous bank of the Ribble, commanding some beautiful views of the valley, and of the 
 parish of Whalley, to the South. 
 
 It was probably founded by the ancient mesne lords of the manor; and certainly at an early 
 period, for, bj' charter without date, Roger, son of Hugh de Mitton;}:, grants to God and 
 St. Mary, and the Abbey of Cockersand, the advowson of the church of Mitton, for the souls 
 of King John, of Roger, and John de Lacy, &c. — This was afterwards confirmed by Ralph, son 
 of Robert de Mitton;}:. Notwithstanding this, Sir Ralph de Mitton + opposed the institution 
 of William de Rotherfield to this vicarage; and a mandamus was granted to Archbishop Walter 
 Gray, to compel him to institute, Sir Ralph having now acknowledged the right of the Abbot J 
 and Convent. Sir Ralph had John, who had John de Mitton"}:, who is the last of the name 
 
 * With these exceptions, all the manors in these two parishes are vested in Thomas Weld, Esq. holding under the 
 honor of Clithero. Court Leet and Court Baron are still held for Ribchester, Aighion, Bailey, and Chaigley, and 
 Court Baron for Dutton. 
 
 f This is therefore not in the number of those great estates, granted in the patent of creation, 1 Heni-y VII to this 
 Earl, " ad sustentationem dignitatis sua;," viz. The estates of the attainted Viscount Lovel, which I suppose to be Grcen- 
 halgh Castle, and its appurtenances ; the manor and parish of Bury, belonging to Sir Thomas Pilkington ; and those 
 of Broughton, Witherslack, &c. belonging to Sir Thomas Brougliton. 
 
 X Chartulary of Cockersand^ Townl. MSS. G, 20. 
 
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 ylUr. S/ibJi/tr/fS'/i f'JI^J/'/iL, 

 
 Book V.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 467 
 
 whom I have found. The manor was long afterwards possessed by the Hawkesworths, of 
 Hawkesworth, whose ar.ms yet remain in the windows of the hall, and by them it was sold to 
 the late Mr. Serjeant Aspinail, in whose devisee it is now vested. 
 
 From the style of the present fabric, it may appear to have been rebuilt about the time of 
 Edward III. There is only one aile, a plain and bulky tower, a single choir, and the wood- 
 work without cross-beams, arched and corner-braced, the windows pointed, with simple tracery, 
 and the nave separated from the choir by a screen, on which is the following imperfect inscrip- 
 tion, in old English characters:— q]>ciJOtar' ct giolji.sf factum crat toe opu?, tempo'c Oni. ©ill. <t>tamforD, 
 $lbbib% anno Dni. ml^e^^^lmo €€€". i^onageno 2531. This appears to have been brought from 
 Cockersand Abbey, otherwise the words " de Cockersand" would have been expressed. 
 
 Without, are several very ancient memorials, particularly the head of a large Gothic cross, 
 lately dug up, and the imperfect statue of an ecclesiastic, with the tonsure, and vested in a cope, 
 his hands elevated upon his breast in the attitude of prayer. 
 
 It is extraordinary, that though this was the parish-church, and must for many centuries 
 have been the burial-place of the Talbots of Bashall, here is not a single memorial of that dis- 
 tinguished family. But that want is abundantly compensated by the Sherburne chapel, on 
 the north side of the choir, an enlargement of the original chapel of St. Nicholas, now almost 
 filled with cumbent figures and mural monuments, of which a general view is given in the 
 annexed plate, as the inscriptions are inserted below. 
 
 How the family should have become possessed of this chantry, is a fact which can only be 
 accounted for thus : we have seen that they became possessed of Stonyhurst by marriage with the 
 heiress of Bayley ; and the Bayleys and Mittons were radically the same family. I'he ancient 
 chantry of the lords of Mitton therefore must, in some partition, have followed the Bayley branch. 
 Oto de Baley and Hugo de Mitton were brothers, and both sons of Jordan, sometimes called 
 de Bailey, and sometimes de Mitton, as Jordan is said to have been son of Ralph Persona de 
 Mitton. Of these Ralphs, styling themselves PerAOwte, there were two at least, of whom the 
 oldest must have lived very near the Conquest. The similarity of the arms of Mitton to Bavlev, 
 viz. per pale Az. et Purp. an eagle displayed with two heads Arg. confirms this hypothesis. 
 
 l^ere tietlj tljc boBie^ of ^ic iSidjarO ;§i!)frburnf, finiott. ma^Ut forrcs'tcr of tlje forrc^t of 25otolana, 
 jStEtoarD of tf)e manor of ^[aoeburn, 5tieiitcnant of tlje Sljilc of jann, and one of Ijer .Jliajeifitic^ ©fputn 
 SLeibctcnant m t\)t Countn of 1lancn,^ter.;-'*Jn& ©amc .IBaiiDe, IjuS IDifc, DaugJjtcr of ^it fiicljarO 2?oI&, 
 finiobt, bj? iDjjom Ije fta& ig'^Suc; toljo DicD tijc lotb jgobembcr, 1588. ^no ^ir il^irljarb oieD tljc 26"tl) of 
 llulj? 1594. 
 
 Richard Sherburn 
 
 , by whom he daughters, two of them born whereof she died in the 
 
 Isle of Man, A. 1591, and there lieth intomb'd. He the said Richard Sherburn, having been 
 
 Captain of the said Isle 15 years, whose souls pray God pardon Grant them 
 
 his Heavenly Pardon. 
 
 Suavissimae memoriae Katharinae Pennington, uxoris Gulielmi Pennington, armig. Orta erat 
 illustri familia: patre' enim habuit Richardu' Sherburne, armig. qui ct filius patri suo Dno. 
 
 Ri chard o
 
 ijgg HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. HI. 
 
 Richardo Sherburne militi in hsereditate successit. Ex matre vero clarissimu: sibi stemma 
 deduxit. ex ea nimiru' parte avum habuit Diiu. Stourtonu', proavu' Edvvardu' comite Der- 
 biense. Guam ilia satis luculenta' Maioru' prosapia' seterna virtutu' memoria decoravit, quippe 
 quae probe apud se spectatum habuit, inanes istiusmodi gloriaru' fanaulos aut imminui paul- 
 lat' posse aut prorsus interire; proinde Deum opti: max: pie atque constanter adorando, pudi- 
 citia' niorumque castitate' ilHbata' tuendo, innuuicraque in proximos charitat'. officia fideliter 
 exercendo, nullo unqua" seculo periturse nominis sui perennitati consuluit. Cum marito per annos 
 quindeci' aut circitcr unanimiter convixit: lites inter eos nee contractse fuerutit unqua', nee 
 contrahendae, nam ut iraru' nulla omnino dari poterat occasio, ita nee arripi data: octo liberos, 
 sexu aequaiiter distributo, ad unum omnes iam adliuc sup'stites coelo fortunante, suscepit; 
 octava vero prole in luce edita' (quasi pulchcrrima Mundum progenie satis ampliter ditasset) 
 ante mensem exactu' placidissime in Dno. obdormivit, foeminaru Exemplar, omniu' dolor; 27 
 JVIaii, anno a partu Virginis 1628, aetat. suae 38. 
 
 EPITAPHIU' EJUSDEM. 
 
 Qua Cytherea minus viguit Formosa, sub isto, 
 
 In cineres tandem, marmore, versa jacet: 
 Tantilli est facies, sed quanti est fiorida virtus, 
 
 Oua freta, ne tumulum conspice, non jacet hie. 
 
 ALIUD, 
 
 Puerperio succubuit. 
 
 Enixa est similem sibi, deinde perempta est : 
 
 Sic pariens vitam perdidit, atque dodit. 
 Inter coelicolas nunquam nioritura triumphal 
 
 Mater, et in terris ludit imago sui. 
 Vivere quis velit hie venturae nescius horae 
 
 Cui morte extincto vivere sic liceat. 
 Posuit. 
 
 Near this place lieth interr'd the body of Richard Sherburne, of Stanihurst, m the County 
 Palatine of Lancaster^ Esq. son and heir to Richard Sherburne, of Stanihurst, Esq. that died 
 April 17th, A, 1629, aetat. 83, by Catharine his wife, daughter of Charles lord Stourton, and 
 niece to the Right Hon. Henry Stanley, earl of Derby, &c. and grandson to Sir Richard Sher- 
 burn, of Stanihurst, who, for his signal military service against the Scots, had the honour of 
 knighthood eonferr'd upon him, being then but twenty-one years old, under the banner-royal of 
 England, at Leith, by Edward Seymour, earl of Hertford, general of the English in that 
 expedition, May 11th, A. I544, 3Gth Henry VIII. which tirst Richard married two wives. 
 By Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Richard Moiyneux, of Sephton, in com. Lane. bart. he had 
 only a daughter, Elizabeth, who died young. His second wife was Elizabeth, daughter to 
 Thomas \Vahnsle3', of Dunkenhaigh, in the same county, Esq. and by her he had issue Eleanor, 
 that deceased an infant; Richard, his son and heir; and Ann, wedded to Sir Marmaduke 
 Constable, of Everingham, in com. Ebor. bart. He was an eminent sufferer for his loyal 
 
 fidelity
 
 Book V.— Chap. IH.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 469 
 
 fidelity to King Charles I. of ever blessed memory, and departed this life Feb, 11th, A.D. i6G7j 
 aged 81 years, 
 
 Sacred to the pious memory of Richard Shirburne, of Stanihurst, Esq. and of Isabel his 
 wife, daughter to John Ingleby, of Lavvkeland, in com. Ebor. Esq. by Margaret, sole daugh- 
 ter and heir in blood to Nicholas Townley, of Royle, in the county of Lancaster, Esq. and 
 likewise heir to Isabel, wife of the said Nicholas Townley, daughter and sole heir to John 
 WoodrofF, of Bank-top, in Burnley, within the said county, gent.; by whom he had issue, 
 Ricl'.ard ; Elizabeth, married to William Weld, of Compton Basset, in com. Wilts, esq. and 
 died Jan. 10th, A. 1688; Catherine, who deceas'd in her infancy ; and Sir Nicholas Sherburn, 
 now of Stanihurst, Bart. — He built the almshouse and school upon Hurst Green, in this 
 parish, and left divers charitable gifts yearly to the several townships of Carleton, Chorley, 
 Hamelton, and Lagrim, in Lancashire ; Wigo;|esworth and Guisely, in this county ; departing 
 this life, (in prison, for loyalty to his sovereign,) at Manchester, Aug. l6th, A.D. J 6*89, in 
 the 63d year of his age. — And the said Isabel, ^bv whom, at her own proper charge, these four 
 statues were erected,) died April 11th, A.D. l0'93, whose mortal remains are together near 
 hereunto deposited. 
 
 Hereby lies buried the corpse of Richard Shirburne, of Stanihurst, Esq. eldest son to 
 Richard Shirburne, of the same place, Esq. — He married Ann, the daughter and co-heir of 
 John Cansfield, Esq. son and heir to Sir John Cansfield, in the county Palatine of Lancaster, 
 knight, and departed this mortal state without issue, April 6th, A.D. 1690, in the 38th year 
 of his age. And the said Ann, his relict, deceased February 4th, A.D. 1693. 
 
 This monument is to the sacred and eternal memory of Sir Nicholas Shireburn and his 
 Lady. Sir Nicholas Shireburn, of Stonyhurst, Bart, was son of Richard Shireburn, Esq, by 
 Isabel his wife, daughter of John Inglesby, of Lawkeland, Esq. Nicholas Shireburn had by 
 his lady, whose name was Katharine, third daughter and coheir to Sir Edward Charleton, of 
 Hesleyside, in Northumberland, Bart, by Mary, eldest daughter and coheir of Sir Edward 
 Widderington, of Cartington, in Northumberland, Bart, three children : the eldest, Isabella, 
 died the l8th of October, 16S8, and is buried at Rothburgh, in Northumberland, in the quire 
 belonging to Cartington, where Sir Nicholas then lived : a son named Richard, who died 
 June Sth, I703, at Stonihurst: another daughter, named Mary, married May 26, 1709, to 
 Thomas, Duke of Norfolk. — Sir Nicholas Shireburn was a man of great humanity, simpathy, 
 and concern for the good of mankind, and did many good charitable things whiles he lived ; he 
 particularly set his neighbourhood a spinning of Jersy wool, and provided a man to comb the 
 wool, and a woman who taught them to spin, whom he kept in his house, and allotted several 
 rooms he had in one of the courts of Stonihurst, for them to work in, and the neighbours came 
 to spin accordingly ; the spinners came every day, and span as long a time as they could spare, 
 morning and afternoon, from their families : this continued from April 1 699 to August 1701. 
 When they had all learn'd, he gave the nearest neighbour each a pound or half a pound of wool 
 ready for spinning, and wheel to set up for themselves, which did a vast deal of good to that 
 North side of Ribble, in Lancashire. Sir Nicholas Sherburn died Dec. I6, I717. This monu- 
 ment
 
 470 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. IN. 
 
 ment was set up by the dowager dutches of Northfolk, ia memory of the best of fathers and 
 mothers, and in tliis vault designs to be interr'd herself, whenever it pleases God to take her 
 out of this world *. 
 
 Lady Sherburn was a lady of an excellent temper and fine sentiments, singular piety, virtue, 
 and charity, constantly imployed in doing good, especially to the distressed, sick, poor, and 
 lame, for whom she kept an apothecaries shop in the house ; she continued as long as 
 she lived doing great good and charity ; she died Jan. 27th, I727. Besides all other great cha- 
 rities which Sir Nicholas and Lady Sherburn did, they gave, on All Souls Day, a considerable 
 deal of money to the poor ; lady Sherburn serving them with her own hands that day -f-. 
 
 Sacred to the eternal memory of Richard Francis Shireburn, Esq. only son of Sir Nicholas 
 Shircburn, of Stonihurst, in the county Palatine of Lancaster, Bart, and Dame Katharine, his 
 wife, third daughter and co-heir of Sir Edward Charleton, of Hesleyside, in the county of 
 Northumberland, Cart, by Dame Mary, his wife, eldest daughter and co-heir of Sir Edward 
 Widderington, of Cartington, in the said county of Northumberland, bart. who was born 
 Sunday 3d Dec. 1693, died Monday 8th June, 1702, and lies here interred. 
 
 In this vault lies the body of the Hon. Peregrin Widderington. Tlie Hon. Peregrin Wid- 
 derington was youngest son of William Lord Widderington, who died April the 17th, 1743. 
 This Peregrin was a man of the strictest friendship and honour, with all the good qualities that 
 accomplished a fine gentleman ; he was of so amiable a disposition, and so ingaging, that he 
 was beloved and esteemed by all who had the honour and happiness of his acquaintance, being 
 ever ready to oblige and to act the friendly part on all occasions, firm and steadfast in all his 
 principles, which was delicately fine and good as could be wished in any man; he was both 
 sincere and agreeable in life and conversation. He was born May 20, 1692, and died Feb. 4th, 
 1748-9. He was with his brother in the Preston affair, 17I6, where he lost his fortune, with 
 his health, by a long confinement in prison. This monument was set up by the Dowager 
 Dutchess of Norfolk, in memory of the Hon. Peregrin Widderington. 
 
 The two tombs and four statues of the father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, of 
 Sir Nicholas Sherburne, were finished for ^.253, by Mr. William Stanton:};, lapidary, near 
 St. Andrew's church, Hollporn, 1699^. — ^The two male figures on these tombs are probably the 
 latest instances of cumbent cross-legged statues in the kingdom. 
 
 The " Parva Capella set. Nicholai" in this church is repeatedly mentioned as the place of 
 interment of the Sherburnes, long before the foundation of the chantry by Hugh Sherburne, 
 
 * This intention was fulfilled. — The silver plate upon her collin has, in a lozenge bencatli a ducal coronet, all the 
 coats and quarlenn;z;s of the Howaids impaling those of Sherburne. — Opulent and respectable as the latter family was, 
 it might be hinted of this princely alliance. Cloth of gold do not despise, Sic. 
 
 t This epitaph, or rather history, together with the last, were written by the Duchess herself, who had certainly 
 no mercy on tlie marble-cutter. 
 
 I For some account of the Stantons, see Lord Orford's Anecdotes of Painting, vol. HI. p. 150; and Gent. Mag. 
 Nov. 1790. 
 
 § In the epitaph of Isabel Sherburne, p. 46S, they are said to have been erected at her proper charge j but I suppose 
 
 a sum of money was left her for that purpose. 
 
 Esq.
 
 Book V.— Chap. TIL] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 471 
 
 Esq. which was valued, at the suppression, at £a. Js. Sd. But the present spacious and 
 well-built chapel is scarcely earlier than James I. ; for, in an old copy of the epitaph of Katha- 
 rine Pennington, 1G28, I find it described as fixed " in choro novo ecc. de Mitton." — It may 
 probably have been erected for the purpose of receiving the tomb of Sir Richard Sherburne, the 
 oldest which it contains. 
 
 The aile immediately preceding this (though certainly not the first) appears to have been 
 erected by Richard Sherburne, who died 1441 ; for, in the same memoranduni, I find this 
 inscription : — ilnno Otii. M,€'iL€€,^%% obiit p'bictu^ fiic' et crat l)\c intuimiiatu.^ in Die a^centionitf 
 ruju^ animc jiropitictur ticu^ amen. — And part of a Gothic screen, which has evidently been removed, 
 yet remains under the arch of the tower, on which the words jntumutatii!» in Die ai^ccntionijJ 
 are still legible. 
 
 2d Cal. Nov. 1328, Archbishop Melton appropriated this Church to the Abbey of Cocker- 
 sand, reserving 40*. per ann. to himself and successors, and 20.?. to the deacons of his cathedral ; 
 ordaining also a perpetual vicar, presentable by the convent, who shall have the area or garden 
 of the said church, called Fermonogarth, extending from the back house of the rectory to the 
 church, on which the convent shall erect for the vicar an hall, chamber and kitchen, bake- 
 house, brewhouse, stable, and granary, at their own costs, which the vicar shall repair and 
 maintain. Also the vicar shall have four oxgangs of land, exempt from tithe while tilled at his 
 cost. Also the whole hay- tithe of the town of Mitton, and mortuaries ; also tithes of wool and 
 lamb, goats, cows, calves, aibi, bees, brood geese, pigs, fowls, mills, line and hemp ; and the 
 tithe of curtelages of the whole parish, and all quadragesimal and small tithes, alterage, &c. 
 together with ten marks sterling, out of which the vicar shall find bread and wine for the 
 confection of Christ's bod}', lights, vestments, and books. 
 
 Again, Richard Scroop, archbishop (between 1398 and I405) re-ordained the vicarage as 
 follows : — 
 
 That there should be a perpetual vicar — one of the canons of Cockersand, presentable by 
 the abbot and convent, whose portion should consist in the manse of the rectory, four ox- 
 gangs of land, twenty marks sterling, and the convent to bear all burdens, ordinary and extra- 
 ordinary *. 
 
 Lastly, 21st of June I438, a composition was confirmed between the abbot and convent 
 as rectors, the vicar of the church, and Sir John Tempest and others, inhabitants of Wad- 
 dington. I suspect this to have related to the foundation of the Parochial Chapel of Wad- 
 dington-|~. 
 
 In a report of certain referees appointed by the Crown in a dispute between Samuel Felgate, 
 vicar of Mitton, and Richard Sherburne, of Stonyhurst, Esq. I find that the latter produced 
 a patent or grant from King Henry VIII. and Queen Elizabeth, (expressed as if they were the 
 same), wherein is granted to the ancestors of the said Richard Sherburne, the rectory and 
 patronship of Mitton aforesaid, which did appeartain to the last abbot of Cockerland. And 
 from a memorial of a succeeding vicar, I find " that, during the distractions of the civil wars, 
 John Webster, an army surgeon, well known in this country by the style of Dr. Webster, got 
 
 » Torre's MSS. 
 
 t I have since met with the original composition, and find my conjecture to be right. 
 
 possession
 
 472 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. III. 
 
 possession of the vicarage of Mitton (for he was a celebrated preacher in those days), and in 
 lG4() sold part of the glebe to the impropriator. 
 
 This is our old friend Johannes Hyphantes, a dextrous and versatile man, who, by the 
 joint help of medicine and theology, was able to keep his head above water through all the 
 changes of those tempestuous days. 
 
 Thus much for the Church. 
 
 Vv^ith respect to the Manor* — 1 find, that in the town of Mitton-cum-Wythegyll were 3 car. 
 which Ralph de Mitton held of the fee of Lacy, who held of the king in capite, by no rent. 
 
 But, the Mittons becoming extinct, this manor reverted to the Lord Paramount ; and in 
 1256, 37th Henry IH. the manors of Mitton and Bashall were granted by Edmund Lascy, 
 Cons. Cest. to Thomas Talbot, who bore A. 3 lioncels saliant Purpure, langued and armed Az. 
 He died about 2d Edward I. leaving Sir Edmund Talbot, steward of Blackburnshire, who 
 married Johan, daughter of Sir Robert Holland, of Denton. He died 3d Edward H. leaving 
 Sir Thomas and John, grantee of Hapton. Sir Thomas Talbot, knighted by Edward HL 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of James Bellers, and had Sir Edmund, who married Margaret, 
 daughter of Sir John Byrome, and had Sir Thomas, who married Margaret, daughter of Nigell 
 de Halton. of Halton, in Craven. He was successively Governor of Barwick, 10th Richard H. 
 of Guines, in Picardy, 12 ejttsd. served in Ireland 19 ejusd. and died 15th Henry IV. leaving 
 Sir Edmund Talbot, who married Agnes Arden. — He was Sheriff of Yorkshi.-e 22d Henry VI. ; 
 and died 1st Edward IV. leaving Sir Thomas, who married Alice, daughter of Sir John Tem- 
 pest, of Bracewell, and had issue Sir Thomas and Edmund. — The^e Thomas, father and 
 son, were the betrayers of Henry VI. Thomas, the father, died 13th Henry VII. 
 
 Sir Thomas Talbot, the son, married Florence, daughter of Henry Pudsey, of Bolton, Esq. 
 s. p. Edmund Talbot, Esq. married, 1st, Jane, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Robert Har- 
 rington, of the family of Hornby, by whom Thomas, who died, aged 13. Secondly, Anne, 
 daughter of Sir Percevall Hart, of Lullingston, had issue Sir Thomas. Edmund, the father, 
 died nth Henry VIII. and was buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Sir Thomas Talbot married Cicely, daughter of William V^enables, baron of Kinderton. 
 He was knighted 6th Edward V^ I. and died 1st Elizabeth, leaving Henry Talbot, of Bashall, 
 who married Millicent, daughter of Sir John Holcroft, of Holcroft, knight, and had issue 
 Thomas and John. This Henry died 13th Elizabeth. 
 
 Thomas Talbot, Esq. married Elizabeth, daughter of John Bradley, of Bradley Hall, 
 com. Lane. Esq. Sheriff of Lancashire 30-37th Eliz. and died s. p. 
 
 John Talbot, Esq. his brother, married Ursula, daughter of Jo. Hammerton, of Hellefield 
 Peel, Esq. had issue Thomas. 
 
 Thomas Talbot, Esq. last of the name, married Anne, daughter of Richard Fleetwood, of 
 Penwortham, Esq. 7th James I. ; had issue two daughters. Elizabeth married, Ist, Thomas 
 
 * 1 had unaccountably overlooked the first grant of this manor from llbert de Lacy, in the comprehensive charter, 
 which 1 have ali'eady proved to be prior to 1 l(.H, vide p. 290 — " Sciant, &c. quod ego llbertus de Lacy, dedi ct incar- 
 tavi Kadiilpho It- Rouse ct her. suis in perp. Mai^naui Mitton — Halghton (Aighton), &c." — I suspect this grantee to have 
 assumed the name of Mitton, and to liave been founder of t lie church, of wiiich, after the exami)le of the Deans of 
 Whalley and rectors of Blackbm-n, he must ha»e been patron and incumbent; as it may be proved upon chronological 
 grounds, that oneof the Radulplii, styling themselves Personae de Mitton, li\ed at this very time, ri(/e p. 40'. — If this 
 conjecture be well weighed, it will be found to be very little short of moral certainty. 
 
 t Towul. MSS. Lewis,
 
 ©je Cmblajonment of ti)e arms, (n tt)t i|ainteO jiBiiUioto of amijalUp (S\)uvt\), 
 
 The ornamental paintings in the AViudow arc various. Next to Dr. Wbitaker's coat of arms, near the top of the Window, is 
 the Rebus of Ashton, an ush in a dm,- and ou the opposite side is that of iioLTON, a bolt in a tun. The four apostles are in the 
 four ceutral conipartuieuts. At the top of the compartment ou the left, is the Lancastrian Rose, crowned, upon four azure leaves- 
 aud conespondiu-, on the right, is the Tortcullis, crowned, on an azure ground. Under the red rose are two labels, inscribed. 
 
 ttauaafr Sominum 
 .?u6tu9 rj Iroimnr, 
 
 with a branch and white rose on one side. 
 
 A 1. Thomas D. Whitaker, L. L. D. Vicarus de Whalley, 
 sable, three mascles argent. 
 
 B2.EPISCOPUS Cestrensis; arms for Dr. George Henry 
 Law. 
 
 3. Henricus de Lacy, Com. Line olim Dna. de Blackburn- 
 
 shire or, a lion rampant pnrpure. 
 
 4. Abbatia de Whalley, gules, tliree whales haurient 
 or ; lu the mouth of each a crosier of the last. 
 
 5. Archiep. Cantuar, patronus ecclesia; arms for Dr. C. 
 
 M. SsuTTON; argent canton sable. 
 
 6. DucEssA DEBuccLEUGH,Dna. de Blackburnshire ; arms 
 
 ot Montague. 
 
 7. CuRSoN de Whalley Abbey, argent, a bend sable, thereon 
 three martlets of the field ; a crescent for difference. 
 
 8. 1 owNLEY DE Townley, ex Decanis de Whalley orian • 
 argent a fess sable; in chief three mullets of the last. 
 
 0. Parker de Browsholm, Forrestarius de Bowland • 
 vert, a cheveron between three stags' heads caboshed or.' 
 
 10. Asheton Dna. de Downham argent, a mullet sable, 
 pierced or. 
 
 11. Banastre Dna. de Altham, argent, a cross fleury 
 sable, a flesh pot in the dexter chief point of the last. " 
 
 12. Realmont Dna. de Mitton parva, gules, a lion 
 rampant within an orle of crescents argent. 
 
 13. Clayton Dna. de Barnside, argent, a bend sable 
 three roses or, impaling Townley of Barnside. Crescent 
 tor difference. 
 
 14. Nowell nup Dna. de Read, argent, three covered 
 cups sable. 
 
 15. Starkie de Hunteoyd, Dna. de Merlay mag. argent 
 a bend betwixt six storks sable. ' 
 
 16. Weld Dna. de Wiswell, azure, a fess nebule 
 between three crescents ermine. 
 
 17. AVhalley de Clerkhill, Dna. dam. man de Whalley, 
 argent three whales' heads erased, lying fess-ways sable 
 two aud one. 
 
 Under the portcullis are other two labels, inscribed, \ 1"^'"« " "'' """?""'* 
 
 ' ( iintr Domin; epnabt, 
 
 epnabt, 
 with a branch and pomegranate on the other side. 
 
 18. Braddyl olim de Portfield, argent, a cross lozenge 
 vert, over.all a bend gobone ermine and azure. 
 
 19. Cunliffe de Wykeoller, olim de Cunliffe, sable, 
 three conies current argent. 
 
 20. Halstead de Rowley, gules, an eagle displayed, 
 ermine, beaked and legged or, a chief cheque or and azure. 
 
 21. Hargreaves de Bank, azure, a fess or, fretty gules, 
 between three stags in full course or, attired of the second. 
 
 22. Hargreaves de Ormerod, same as 21, impaling 
 Ormerod as 24. 
 
 23. Holden de Holden, sable a fesse between two 
 cheverons ermine; between the fesse, and under the upper 
 chevron a covered cup or. 
 
 24. Ormerod de Ormerod, or, three bars gules, in chief 
 a lion passant of the second ; allowed as the 
 ancient coat armour to Oliver Ormerod, rector 
 of Heatspill, county of Somerset, (descended 
 from John Ormerod, a younger brother of this 
 family,) in the visitation of that county, 1()23, 
 
 rj» by Henry St. George and Sampson Lemiard, 
 Bluemantle, Marshals, and Deputies of William Cambden, 
 Clarenceux king of Arms. 
 
 Ormerod de Rossendale, arms as before. Allowed 1804, 
 to George Ormerod, Esq. of Cheshire, representative of 
 G. third son of Peter Ormerod, of O. Esq. Crest on a 
 wreath, a wolf's head couped at the neck ; barry of four, 
 or and gules ; in the mouth an ostrich feather erect, proper. 
 Confirmed to the said George Ormerod, by Sir Isaac 
 Heard, Garter, Knt. and Ralph Bigland Norroy, Esq. 
 
 25. Parker de A lc an coats, same as No. 9, a crescent 
 for difference. 
 
 26. Starkie de Twiston, same as No. 15, a crescent for 
 difierence. 
 
 27. Whitaker de Simonstone, same as Dr. Whitaker, 
 A No. 1. 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 Ijancet •anndov, 
 C 
 
 Ricardus Grimshaw 
 Lomax. 
 
 Heyliurst 
 de Parkliead. 
 
 FOUR ARMS IN TWO LANCET WINDOWS. 
 
 28. Ricardus Grimshaw Lomax, party per pale, or and sable ; a bend engrailed 
 and cottised ermine, charged with three escollops, gules. 
 
 29. Heyhurst de Parkhead, argent, a cheveron azure, charged with a sun, 
 or, between three hay -rakes proper. 
 
 30. Taylor de Morton, upon a chief sable, three escollops or. 
 
 31. Insignia Vitusta Familiae de Holden, argent, six eagles displayed, three, 
 two, one, and gules. " ■ - 
 
 Cottom, of Dillworth; _ 
 
 ABBAS TOPECUFFE, Gu. chevcroD between 3 cresccnts argcDt. t. Lancaster. 
 
 ToPECLiFFE, first abbot on record at Whalley, 1350; per pale or, and sable, three 
 
 crescents counterchanged. 
 
 There was also, at the time the window was put up, a most exquisitely fine 
 picture of our Saviour, painted by that excellent artist Northcote, presented to 
 tlie church for the altar-piece, by Adam Cottom, Esq. of Whalley, who had 
 bcloro given to the same ciiurcli a fine-toned organ. 
 
 s ^ 
 
 I'ONTEFnACT 
 
 Lancet window. 
 D 
 
 Sr Sr A 
 
 m0 
 
 Insif^iia Vitiista 
 FamiliEE de Holden. 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 TEJirEST. 
 
 Edwards, of IliJiiax. 
 
 SIIEKBURNE. 
 
 Gregson.
 
 ^\)t ^rms painteD in 3l2ai;aUeg 
 
 orfjurrl; JUirUioto. 
 
 A. No. 1 
 
 las D. Whitaker, L. L. D, 
 Vicarus Ue Whalley. 
 
 Henricus de I-acy, 
 
 Com. Line, olini Dna. 
 
 de Blackburnsliire. 
 
 -^^^ 
 
 13 
 
 ) U 
 
 18 
 
 Townley de Townley, 
 
 decanis de Whalley 
 
 orian. 
 
 Clayton Dna. de 
 Baroside. 
 
 23 
 
 Bratlilvl olim de 
 Po'rttield. 
 
 c 
 
 
 Abbatia de Whalley. 
 
 Holden de Uolden. 
 
 ^A^rir^a^irv 
 
 ^ 
 
 Parker de Browsholm, 
 Forrestarius de Bowland. 
 
 N'owell nup Dna. de 
 Read. 
 
 Cunliffe de WykeoUer. 
 
 Ormerod de Ormcrod, 
 
 ri?^.#!^.tf 
 
 Archiep Cantuar, 
 Patronus Ecclesia. 
 Dr. C. M. Sutton. 
 
 Asheton Dna. de 
 Downham. 
 
 Starkie de Huntroyd 
 Dna. de Merlay ma^. 
 
 Halsted de Rowley. 
 
 '«V' 
 
 Ducessa de Buccleu^h, 
 Dna. de Blatkbumshire 
 
 Banastre Dna. 
 de Altham. 
 
 
 MM 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 Hargreaves de Bank. 
 
 ^^^% 
 
 Starkie de Twiston. 
 
 CurzoD, de Whalley 
 Abb. 
 
 Beauniont Dna. 
 de Mitton parva. 
 
 SST 
 
 Whalley de Clerkhill 
 
 Dna. dam. man. 
 
 de Whalley. 
 
 i^K 
 
 Har^eavcs 
 dc Ormerod. 
 
 Wliitaker 
 de Simonstune. 
 
 Si^'if^i^-*^ 
 
 12 
 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 B27 
 
 It. G. ilirrr. 
 
 The Window is executed in a masterly style of workmanship, by that ingenious artist Mr. James Hall Miller, of Swallow-street, London 1816. 
 
 All tlie names, &c. are painted in ancient black letters. 
 
 Printtdfer Dr. H'/uUker't //uitfry »/' WhalUy, by J. t J. Smith. LiitrpoftL. Engraitd by Siefiolton.
 
 Book V.— Chap. III.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 47S 
 
 Lewis, of Marr, Esq. s. p. ; 2d, Theobald Burgh, vise. Mayo: she died 1650, s.p.; — and 
 Margery married William Whyte, Colonel for the Parliament, who died about the year 1660, 
 and having purchased the other moiety of Bashall, devised the whole to his own relations. 
 
 The present house of Bashall is a plain large hall-house, apparently erected since the 
 extinction of the Talbots. 
 
 It has been recorded by Christopher Townley-|~, as a tradition of the neighbourhood in 
 his time, that Henry VI. when betrayed by the Talbots, foretold nine generations of the 
 family in succession, consisting of a wise and a weak man by turns, after which the name 
 should be lost. 
 
 Something like these hereditary alternations of sense and folly might have happened, and 
 have given rise to a prophecy fabricated after the event : a real prediction to this effect would 
 have negatived the words of Solomon : — " Yea, I have hated all my labour which I had taken 
 under the sun : because I should leave it unto the man that shall be after me, and who knoweth 
 ivhether he shall he a wise man or a fool?"* 
 
 This, however, is not the only instance in which Henry is reported to have displayed that 
 singular faculty, the Vaticinium Stultorum. 
 
 Next is the village and parochial chapel of Waddington, probably erected in consequence 
 of the agreement mentioned above, though a beam in the chancel bears date, as I remember, 
 1540. Of the Parkers of Browsholme, interred in this church, the following memorial is 
 engraved on a large plate of brass, with the arms. 
 
 D. O. M. 
 
 Bonoe Memoriae et 
 Spei aeternae. 
 Edward' Parker arm' ex antiqua Parker- 
 oru' Familia de Brovsholme in Com' 
 Ebor' oriundus, quondam de Aula Claren- 
 si in Academia Cantabrig' Graduatus 
 et de Honorifica Societate Hospitii 
 Graiensis Juriconsvltvs necnon Com- 
 itat' Ebor' et Lancastr' Ivstitiar- 
 ivs Pacis et Ouoru'. 
 
 Oui 
 Deum coluit 
 Legiantiam tenuit 
 Pacifice vixit 
 Neminem laesit 
 Svv' cviqve tribuit, 
 Hie 
 Mortales Reliquias donee in CHRO resur- 
 gant mortales deposuit in Vigiliis 
 Sti Jacobi Ao. Salutis M. D. C. L. xvii. 
 C. A. P. D. 
 
 D. O. M. 
 
 Virtuti et Honori 
 Sacrum 
 Hie requiescit in Pace I\Iaria 
 Filia Rich'i Sunderland de 
 High Sunderland Arm' et 
 Mariae Filiae Richi Sotenstall 
 Ouonda' Praetoris Londinensis 
 Uxor Edvardi Parker Arm' 
 Variis et eximiis Animi Virtuti- 
 bus exornata et ditata, fuit enim 
 Erga 
 Devm pientissima 
 Maritum obsequentissima 
 Liberos indulgentissima 
 Servos sequissima 
 Proximos amicissima 
 
 Pauperes et 1 E]eenjosynaria liberalissima. 
 Egenos J 
 
 Placide in Dno. obdormivit et terrenam 
 Vitam pro ccelesti commutavit x\'jj die 
 Redemptionis nostrae M. D. C. L. xxjjj. 
 C. A. P. D. 
 
 * Eccles. ii. 18, 19. 
 3P 
 
 Horum
 
 ;.47* HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. IK. 
 
 Horum mutui Anioris charissima supersunt Pignora, Thomas Parker Arm' lusti- 
 ciari' Pacis, Robert' Parker Gen'. Edward' Parker I. C. Roger' Parker Gen. et 
 Maria Uxor Thomae Heber de HoUinghall Gen'. Richvs vero Filius Natu 
 Quartus praemissus est. 
 
 Florida Pax vivis, Requies aeterna sepultis. 
 
 Parentibus suis omni Pietatis officio maxime colendis 
 Robert Parker, illorum secundo-genitus, hoc Monumentum 
 
 Posuit. 
 
 Ill archbishop Holgate's return of the chantries, the chapel of Waddington, par. Mitton, was 
 found to be of clear value ^.3. 15*. 4d. and the chantry of our lady in the same chapel ^.3. 3*'. 
 Here is a large and handsome hospital of the foundation of the Parker family. 
 Of the aera of the parochial chapel of Grinleton*, I have no information. 
 
 PARISH OF SLAYDBURN. 
 
 The church of Slaydl)urn is of much higher antiquity than it has been generally understood 
 or represented to be, i. e. of the endowment of John de Lacy. For, in the charter of Hugh 
 de la Val, which can scarcely be referred to a later period than the beginning of Henry I. 
 are granted to the priory of Kirkby (Pontefract) '• Ecclesia de Slaydburn, cum his quae ad earn 
 pertinent." Dods. MSS. v. \6\.. And upon the restoration of the rightful owners, Henry de 
 Lacy, the first, regranted to the same house " Ecclesiam de Sleitburna cum capellis et terris 
 et decimationibus." Dods. v. 161, f. 28, 29. 
 
 The monks of Whalley abhorred Delaval's charter, of which they had long felt the effects, 
 and therefore upon all occasions studied to keep it out of sight. This will account for the very 
 different representation contained in their memoir, which follows: 
 
 " Tunc nulla ecclesia illis partibus habebatur nisi solum Waudan Chapell, quce quidem 
 Capella nunc est ecclesia Parochialis de Slaydburn. Dns. Job. de Lacy, comes Lincolnise, tem- 
 pore suo dotavit dictam Capellam cum nil bovatis terrae jacent' in villa de Slaydburn, qui 
 quidem comes postea dedit advocationem dictae Capellae cuidam de Hammerton, nomine Orme 
 
 * The following letter from R. Rauthmell, the antiquary of Overborough, addressed to Mr. afterwards Bishop 
 Mayter, A.D. 1741, relating to the chapel of Grinleton, is sufficiently characteristic of the man. 
 " Dear Sir, 
 
 " If you would be pleased to procure the Queen's Bounty, ^.200, you would perform an excellent charity. I have 
 a large congregation that attend constantly, but they are very poor ; they are willing, but not able to raise the other 
 half. My two chapels are in the Alpes of the West Riding, and I have just now calculated that I have rid over the 
 Alpine Mountains to attend and perfonne divine service at Grindleton chapel above 3000 miles, and the whole yearly 
 itipends put in one sum amount not above £.G0. I am, &c. Rich. Rauth.mell." 
 
 At Edisford, on the site of the hospital and chantry, are still remaining several shields of arms in stonework, par- 
 ticularly the lion rampant and the fret of Roger de Lacy. And to throw things of the same kind together, at VVorston 
 are three shields, probably brought from Whalley in the time of the Asshetons, to whom it was de\ isej by the Green- 
 acres. They are, 1st. the lion rampant of Lacy ; ?nd. quarterly France and England; 3d. three salmons hauriant (I 
 
 was before mistaken in saying they were in pale), the proper bearing of the abbey. 
 
 (this
 
 Book v.— Chap. III.] HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 475 
 
 (this was the benefactor to Edisford Hospital), et dictus postea dedit advocationem supradictam 
 Priori et Monachis de Pountfret. Primus nan7que rector ejus Capells (see how the story 
 labours from this inconsistency in the terms) fuit quidam Thomas de Hammerton, post quern 
 successit Petrus de Cestria, et sic Parochialis Ecclesia fuit effecta. Inde dicto Petro successit 
 quidam WilHehnus dictus Nunny, post quem successit mediate Wmu. de Wirksworth, qui 
 nunc." 
 
 On this statement I have to observe : 
 
 1st. As the rectors of Slaydburn began to cast a longing eye on the tythes of the Forest of 
 Bowland, it was the object of the monks of Whalley to depress the antiquity of that church 
 as much as possible, and to carry up the proofs of their own claim to an aera prior to its 
 foundation. 
 
 2d. It is not impossible that, although glebe lands in general are mentioned as belonging 
 to the church of Slaydburn, in the charter of Henry de Lacy, the monks might be correct in 
 their account of its second endowment, with four oxgangs of land, the usual proportion of 
 glebe, by Earl John. 
 
 3d. The succession of rectors not affecting their claim is probably correct. 
 
 4th. The story of Orme de Hammerton, and his donation, was probably invented to ac- 
 count for a fact which was notorious, namely, that the priory of Pontefract was at that time 
 actually seized of the advowson, and to account for it in such a manner as to keep the dreaded 
 charter of Delaval out of sight. 
 
 5th. Here is an instance which rarely occurs, of an advowson granted to a religious house, 
 and never followed by an endowed vicarage ; but this circumstance is probably to be accounted 
 for from the poverty of the benefice. 
 
 After the time of Wirksworth, who, from the words qui nunc, and the date of this memoir, 
 which belongs to Abbot Lyndlay's age, must have lived about the year 1350, there is a breach 
 in the chain of incumbents in this church till the 5th of Henry VI. when William Newark 
 occurs rector, and afterwards to the year I470, or thereabouts, when the dispute already re- 
 corded under Whalley Abbey fell out between the monks of that house and Sir Christopher 
 Parsons : he was a long-lived man, for I find letters of administration of the effects of this 
 rector granted by the prerogative court of York to Richard Beaumont, Esq. Jan. 5th, 1507. 
 He was intimately connected with the Beaumonts, of Whitley; and the following letters, with 
 copies of which I have been favoured by their present worthy representative, throw light upon 
 some dark transactions of those times. 
 
 " Right wyrschipfull S in my best man"" y* I cane I recomend me to you desyryng hartily 
 to here of your welefav^. S I hafe resayvyd your wrytynge and psayvys ham v'ey wele and also 
 I send George of Mytton to y^ pson on y^ Thurseday afore all halo day and y* y^ pson hafe 
 grauntyd y* 1 sail hafe a p'micion both sydys and y^ rentall of hornby. Also he has poyntyd 
 me y* I sail not com to hym or y* morne aft mtynmes day and I cowd not cause hym to poynt 
 no son"" for he seyd he cowd not geyt hyt or then. And I sail kepe y^ day w' y* grace of god 
 And geyt of hym all if I cane S I wold avyse you and my cosyn John herryngton man be in no 
 Jupte of sekenes to geyt all y* evydens of hym y* ze can or S James com up for lie is purpast 
 
 to
 
 476 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V.— Chap. III. 
 
 to com liastly . Also S James and y^ pson of Sladeborne thynke y* my cosyn John was puseyned 
 and y' his Svant was hyrj'^d to do it by my brod'' S Edward and yf it so be then he foifef^ all 
 moreov'' I send Netylton for S James to mete me and speke w*^ me and he said y* he wold come 
 home to me and yf he so do or we leyfe ze sal hafe word and as for John heton and Rog' Leyv' 
 they come not here zet I send ham a letf by Thorn's Orscha and I had no word agayne. Also 
 S ze wrvte to me for mone and ze knawe y' I can make no schift or candyhnes hot yf ze thynk I 
 
 sold go boro it of my lord Archbyschop* and yf ze will y' I so do send me a byll by 
 
 SI sail «end Netylton to zou alshastly as I can also S on y« frydday aff aff ze de- 
 
 partyd come John . Thornell ayer S and Will"" Wilkynson S Robt anieley 
 
 and R Richytt and wold hafe dyscharge hym and wold take none at hym 
 
 Also S pray zou to kepe zou out of all Japtese and to make myche of zour 
 
 selfe and the holy trenete hafe zou in hys blusyd kepeyng. 
 
 Your vvyfe Elezabeth Beaumount. 
 " To my husband be ye byll delivd." 
 
 " To my Ryoht wyrsh'^ipfuU & moste hartile welbiloved gud maistres Bea"montte be th^ dd 
 Maistres as hartile as I can 1 recomend me unto you and of yo' gud myend in Althynge I am 
 Rioht glode and whereas ye saye maisf Sir Edward Stanley has schewit that Kyng Edward 
 ma'de award betvvixte you and yo' Unkylle Tuttle Kyng Edward made nev"" novvn award nor 
 nown such can be schewit und"' scales of auctorite, it was so laibored that Kyng Richard 
 comanded a Note to be Drawne and caused the Chaunceler of the Duche to examentt the trwe 
 valo"" of al the maners & lyvehode the wiche yo-" fad was lawfully possessed and deyt seasced off 
 and yett this notwithsta"ndyng Kyng Richard never made ward betwixe \ ou and yo' Unkyls. 
 And wher^ y<= disire evidaunc'' of c'tan plac'^ ye knaw S James Herryngton has theym. And 
 more of thes evidaunc'' in gud faith 1 wote nott. Bott alsuche laund as wer^ in fe sympyl' 
 wiche yo' fTad' deyt sesced off ar yo"" by the trwe course of the lawe of Yngla"nd. And thus 
 Almyghty Jhu have yon & my masf yo"" husbaund with all yo' Child' ev'more in h* Blessed 
 ptecoon at Slaitburn by your= awn lovynge fr""nd to he sempyll power. 
 
 " The Pson of Slaitburn." 
 
 These letters, which, in point of antiquity and curiosity, may be classed nearly with those 
 
 of the Pastons, refer to some obscure facts in the history of the Harringtons and Beaumonts, 
 
 which I will endeavour to elucidate: and first, by the following authentic table, compiled from 
 
 original evidences. 
 
 Thomas Harrington, of Hornby Castle, kut.^pEIizabeih, daughter and heir 
 
 son of William Harrington, knt. and Mar- 
 garet Neville, of Hornby, which Thomas 
 was killed at the battle of Wakefield. 
 
 of Thomas, son of Edmund 
 Dacre. 
 
 ■ I 
 
 John Harrington, of Hornby,=pMatilda, daughter James Harrington, had Farlston, Robert.^plsabel, daughter 
 knt. killed at Wakefield of ThomasLord Himsworth, &c. occurs l'2th and heir of Mr. 
 
 also. Clifford. Henry VHI. I Balderston. 
 
 I I I , r-J 
 
 ABn.=:Sir Edward Stan- 1. John Stanley, esci.=pElizabeth .=2. Richard Beau- Dns. Jacobus Jane.=EdmundTal- 
 ley, knt. Lord of .VIellingbase,son mont, ofWhit- Hariington, bot, of 
 
 Monteagle. of ... Stanley, bi- ley, esq. Dec. Ebor. Dashall. 
 
 shop of Ely. 
 
 Aniie.=J()hn Swift, and released lands Johan.=!Mr. Thomas ]Mari^aret.=Thoma9 Grimscha, 
 
 in Hornby, to Lord Mont- Halsall. of Clayton, 
 
 eagle, 'i-2 Heary VHI. 
 
 * I suppose Archbishop Savage. 
 
 From
 
 Book V.— Chap. HI.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 477 
 
 From this table, with the. letters and other evidences, bearing date the 22d Henry Vllth, it 
 appears that Sir Edward Stanley had obtained a grant of the manor of Hornby, &c. from that 
 king after the attainder of Sir James Harrington, uncle of his lady Anne, who, together with 
 Elizabeth Beaumont, was daughter of his brother Sir John Harrington, of Hornby. The 
 cousin, John Harrington, whom the parson of Slaydburn thought to be poisoned at the insti- 
 gation of Sir Edward Stanley, does not appear in the pedigree. He was probably son of Sir 
 James, and was taken off young, i. e. before the attainder of his father, as it would have been 
 superfluous afterwards, when corruption of blood had rendered the father incapable of trans- 
 mitting any inheritance. By this felony it is hinted that Sir Edward Stanley had incurred a 
 forfeiture ; which was true, supposing the fact to be proved. In the next place, the parson of 
 Slaydburn affirms that Mrs. Beaumont had a right to all the lands (he must mean a moietj-,) 
 of which her father Sir John died seized in fee simple. This was plain, for such lands would 
 have descended to the heirs general ; but a settlement was pretended, an award of the king to 
 that effect set up, and Sir James, the brother, was supposed to have been tenant in tail, a pre- 
 tence which it greatly concerned Sir Edward to maintain, for all these lands, of which Sir 
 James had actually been seized, were included in the forfeiture, and the forfeited lands were 
 by grant his own. Thus this base man having married the daughter of Sir John Harrino-ton, 
 in order to obtain the whole instead of a moiety of his lands, probably procured the forfeiture 
 of her uncle, poisoned her cousin, and defeated the claim of her sister and co-heir bv a pre- 
 tended settlement. This is a piece of family history unknown before; and it leaves a stain 
 upon the memory of Sir Edward Stanley, which neither his valour at Flodden, nor the founda- 
 tion of his beautiful chapel at Hornby, can ever wash away. That chapel is said to have been 
 vowed at Flodden ; but it might secretly be intended as an expiatory offering : at all events, the 
 friends of poor John Harrington might have inscribed on his tomb what yet remains on the 
 
 front of the chapel. 
 
 C-otoarDUiS .€)tanfc!i miltj», ©n.st. .nionteaotc, me Ccci fecit. 
 
 In the beginning of Parsons's incumbency occurs a very singular transaction in the history of 
 
 this church ; for, in the S^th Henry VI. Nicholas Hall, prior of Pontefract, and his convent, 
 
 convey the advowson of Siadeburn to Lau. Booth, clerk, Nicholas Byron, Esq. and others, who 
 
 in the next place grant and confirm the same to the chantry of Saint Catharine, in the church 
 
 of Eccles, A.D. I456. — Lastly, the rectory aforesaid is appropriated to the said chantry by 
 
 William Booth, Archbishop of York, and confirmed by Pope Paul the Second, in a bull 
 
 which would almost of itself make a volume*. Notwithstanding all thLs, no vicarage was 
 
 ever endowed. I have never met with another instance of the appropriation of a rectory 
 
 to a chantry. 
 
 After a long interval occurs Edm. Townley}-, of whom I meet with the following singular 
 
 letter : 
 
 " For Edward Parker Esq"", att Browsholme, these — 
 
 This is Avery unman'erly request I'm making to you, but (y* exegincy of y* ^^^'■" is 
 
 such y* though v.ith blushing I must request you to let this bearer have two gallons or (if not so 
 
 * The canonists were not inferior in verbosity lo inodern conveyancers. 
 
 t I know not who was his patron, or on v.hat terms he obtained the benefice; but, in the heads of some satirical 
 verses made upon him by his step-son Ilalsted, 1 find the two words Simony and Shiidburne close together. Fide 
 more of this man under Burnley. 
 
 much.
 
 478 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book V,— Chap. III. 
 
 much, yet what you can spare, of) Claret, for now we find by our Vessel y» it will not be suffi- 
 cient to fit y'^ Comunicants on Sunday, some persons have tapt it — unknown to us. We had our 
 runlet from Lancaster & was all we could get in the Town ; howevar it would have done our 
 business if there had been no foul play. Sir, if this will consist with your conveniency, I will 
 either pay you what you please for it, or will send you the same quantity as soon as I can 
 procure it, if you can furnish me; yet, if you thought they had as much at Waddovv y* they 
 would spare it if you would write to M'' Wilkinson by this bearer, it would be a great favour; 
 but I'm very much afFraid we must use (y* practice of) the Greeke & Armenian churches, & 
 mix water in our wine. God will have mercy but not sacrifice therefore I doubt not he will 
 pardon us, necessity pleading our excuse. So dear Sir, with service to your Father, &c. I rest 
 
 " Your obliged Humble 
 Servant, E. Townley. 
 "Slaidburn, Ap. 10.=91." 
 
 On this extraordinary representation it may be observed — 1st, That claret, and not port 
 wine*, was in general use so late as 169I ; 2d, That two gallons were required for the com- 
 munion in a country parish church — it is to be feared, therefore, that the consecrated element 
 was sometimes drank to excess at that time, as it is now and then in country churches at present; 
 Sd, A small runlet was all that could then be obtained at Lancaster, where some hundreds of 
 pipes are now imported annually ; 4th, It was then doubtful whether the wine cellar at Brows- 
 holme could furnish two gallons of wine — a quantity which would not exceed the consumption 
 of many single days, in the life-time of its last resident and hospitable owner. 
 
 The chantry of our lady, in the parish-church of Sladeburne, founded by Peter Shawe, was 
 returned of the clear yearly value of ^. 5. Bs. 8d. -f- 
 
 The advowson, however, seems to have continued in the chantry of St. Catharine till the 
 Dissolution, and was afterwards granted to, or purchased by, the Littletons, of Hagley, who 
 sold it to repair some of the breaches made in their great fortune by the civil wars of the last 
 century. It is now the property of James Wigglesworth, Esq. 
 
 * Port wine was at that time usually called Claret in the North, as it is still by the common people. 
 + Abp. Holgate's return of chantries.
 
 Book VI.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 479 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 JOHN DUG DALE, 
 
 ioON of James Dugdale, of Clitheroe, gent, from whom he inherited an estate, which he 
 disposed of, and settled at Shustoke, in Warwickshire, where he had an only son, afterwards 
 the famous antiquary Sir William Dugdale, whose hereditary connexion with this parish I am 
 proud to commemorate. The name of Dugdale is still common in the neighbourhood. 
 
 WILLIAM HEATLEV, 
 
 Born at Dunkenhalgh, now a very aged man, and Abbot of the English Benedictine 
 Monastery of Lambspring, to which an independent principality is annexed *. Having been 
 disappointed in the necessary information with respect to the life of this dignitary, I have to 
 regret the barrenness of the present article ; yet am unwilling to lose an opportunity of recording, 
 among the living natives of the parish of Whalley, a small ecclesiastical sovereign. For while 
 the great spiritual Electors of Germany have been borne down by the tempest which now rages 
 over Europe, it is the privilege of the abbot of Lambspring, insulated by the barren plains of 
 Westphalia, to have little but the primitive wealth of mast and hogs to attract the plunderers of 
 mankind ; and while the fertile banks of the Rhine continue, from year to year, a field of 
 blood, this diminutive prince remains undisturbed, and may end his days in the peaceable 
 retirement of his own cloister. 
 
 Sir JONAS MOORE, Knight, 
 
 Born in Pendle Forest, where the two names have frequently been united ; and, according 
 to family tradition, related to the author of tliis Work, i have however sought in vain for the 
 register of his baptism. 
 
 Of this person I know no more, than that he was a minor philosopher, in the earlier part of 
 the last century, and lived in London, where he had some office about the Tower. 
 
 He was author of a little volume entitled " England's Interest," in which he undertakes, 
 
 * He was elected Feb. 2.">, \~61 ; and died at Lambspring Sept. 15, 1802, aged 85. 
 
 1st,
 
 480 HISTORY OF WIIALLEY. [Book VI,— Chap. I. 
 
 1st, to show how kiul may be improved from 20.y. to ^.8, and so to ^.100 per acre 
 per annum. 2d, The easiest and quickest way of raising a Nursery. 3d, How to make Cyder, 
 Perry, Cherry, Currant, (iooseberry, Mulberry, and Birch Wines, as strong and wholesome 
 as French and Spanish Wines; and the Cyder and Wines so made to be sold at 3^/. a quart, 
 thou<Th as srood as Wine now sold for l8</. 4. Directions for Brewing the finest Malt Liquors 
 better and cheaper than hitherto known. 5. Instructions for breeding Horses, much cheaper 
 and to far greater advantage than any yet known. G. Of the Husbandry of Bees, and the great 
 benefit thereby. 7. Instructions for the profitable management of Fish-ponds, and for the 
 cncrease of Fish. 8. A Guide for young Anglers; teaching them the best method of catching 
 Trout, Carp, Barbels, Jacks, Pikes, Perch, Roach, &.c. ; also, to dress them in the newest 
 fashion. Lastly, Piiysic for Families; containing many useful Medicines for several distempers, 
 particularly the Plague. By Sir J. Moore. London, 1721. 
 
 On the whole, he appears to have been a sanguine projector, of some knowledge, but of 
 no great comprehension or judgment. 
 
 ALEXANDER NOIVELL, 
 
 Second son of John Novvell, Esq. son of Roger Nowell, Esq. and Grace his wife, 
 daughter of John Townley, of Townley, Esq. and Isabel Sherburne, of Stonyhurst, was 
 born at Read, A.D. 1506. Wood, Bishop Tanner, and the Compilers of the " Biographia Bri- 
 tannica," are alike mistaken, in supposing him to have been son of Dowsabell Hesket, who died, 
 leavino- an only son Roger*, from whom the present family are descended ; for, on her decease, John 
 Nowell, the father, contracted a second marriage with Elizabeth Kay, of Rochdale, by whom he 
 had issue Alexander, the subject of the present article ; Laurence, of whom in the next ; 
 Robert, Attorney of the Court of Wards ; and Elizabeth, who, A.D. 1530, marrying Thomas 
 Whitaker, of Holme, gent, became, in 1547, mother of the celebrated Dr. William Whitaker. 
 
 Of young Alexander, it may reasonably be conjectured, that he received the first tincture 
 of classical learning in the neighbouring abbej?, then probably one of the best seminaries in the 
 country, where an apartment still retains the name of the " Old School House." At thirteen, 
 he became a member of Brazen-nose College, Oxford, where he is said to have continued 
 thirteen years, and took both the degrees in arts, though, for some reason which does not 
 appear, not till some years after he became of sufficient standing. 
 
 He was elected, in course, fellow of his college, and soon became distinguished not only for 
 learning and piety, but for his zeal in the cause of the Reformation, during the last dangerous 
 ji-ears of Henry VIII. 
 
 Dec. 5, 1551, he was installed prebendary of Westminster; and, in the first Parliament of 
 Queen Mary, had the singular fortune (for it could scarcely be sought by himself) to be returned 
 
 * Roger Nowell was a very irreligious man, and never attended any public worship. This may illustrate Dr. Paley's 
 remark, that the English practice of leaving the whole estate to the oldest son, spoils only one in a family ; but, when 
 it is considered that the younger brother of this man was one of the most eminent Christians which the Chuich of 
 England ever produced, it is impossible to forget a more serious passage, " There shall be two men in one bed; the one 
 ihall be taken, the other left,," Luke xvii. 34. 
 
 burgess
 
 All. .€.1 . 
 
 01.jy,.]Kcb.lJ3(ii) : 
 \}5.
 
 
 \lX tx-Tinn o^-\r\\ 1 ■f Q 5" 
 
 
 
 
 ZartyrTUtt* Jr Xl.Mxi^^^rM Str' I'^tfaiduh SaT
 
 Book VI.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEV. I9l 
 
 burgess for Loo, or Westlow, in Cornwall, though his election, as might iiave been foreseen, 
 was declared void, on account of his having a vote in the House of Convocation. 
 
 About the same time, being schoolmaster of Westminster, he appears to have drawn up, 
 for the use of his pupils, at least an outline of that admirable Catechism, which he lived to 
 complete and publish in more auspicious days. But he now discovered, and happih' in good 
 time, that purity and perspicuity of style, when employed in the cause of reformation, had no 
 charms for Bonner ; and like Erasmus, whom he appears somewhat to have resembled, both in 
 elegance and timidity, feeling no appetite for martyrdom, he put himself under the protection 
 of Mr. Francis Bowyer, a merchant, afterwards sherift" of London, and by his assistance with- 
 drew to Frankfort. 
 
 Merchants at that time, from their intercourse with the Hanse Towns, appear to have 
 been generally favourable to the Reformation ; and the same cause v/hich inspired them with 
 the inclination, furnished them with means and opportunities, first, of transporting the perse- 
 cuted clergy, and afterwards of remitting contributions for their support. 
 
 Here, in consistency with the moderation of his own principles, Nowell united himself with 
 the episcopal congregation, yet in a spirit of charity toward.s all the exiled brethren, equally remote 
 from the imposing arrogance of Cox, and the puritanical rigour of Whittingham. This cha- 
 racter, the effect of a clear head and calm temper, followed him through life. Unaltered 
 by the charms of preferment, and the sunshine of a jealous court, we find him, in his latter 
 days, the advocate by turns of Udal, a conscientious puritan, and of Townley, a peaceable 
 recusant. 
 
 On the demise of Queen Mary, he was the first exile who returned to hail the accession, and 
 to share the bounty of queen Elizabeth; nor were his hopes long deferred; for on Jan. 1, 
 1559-60, he became archdeacon of Middlesex ; on June 21, of the same year, prebendary of 
 the seventh stall in Westminster Abbey ; and on Nov. 17, 15610, he attained to the summit of 
 his preferments *, and probably of his wishes, in the rich deanery of St. Paul's, which he 
 enjoyed through a long and tranquil period of forty-one years, without any relaxation of dili- 
 gence, or abatement of zeal, or decay of intellect ; happy in the esteem of all good men, and in 
 the general, though not uninterrupted favour of his royal mistress, before whom he was a 
 frequent and faithful preacher for 30 years. In the puljiit he seems to have possessed an useful 
 versatility of talents ; for, in his excursions to his native country, he is said to have been 
 eminently successful, when preaching was little practised and less encouraged, in bringing over 
 the rude and bigoted people of Lancashire to the Established church. 
 
 With the same benevolent intention he founded a grammar-school at Middleton, in that 
 county, and endowed it with ^.30 per ann. together with exhibitions of ^.3. (is. 8rf. each, to 
 thirteen scholars for six years, provided that, if that school should at any time be defi- 
 cient in persons properly qualified, recourse should then be had to the schools of Whalley and 
 
 * By this is meant that he never attained any higher rank in the cliurch, nor probably sought it. — But after he 
 became Dean of St. Paul's, several valuable pieces of preferment «ere heai)ed upon him ; such as the prebends of Wild- 
 land and Tottenhall, in his own church, which he held in succession ; the rich parsonage of Hadham, in Hertfordshire ; 
 a canonry of Windsor ; and, lastly, the headship of Brazen-nose College, O.vford, which he held only three months. 
 October 1, 1595, on occasion of this last ai)pointment, he was created D.D. with an especial grant of precedence over 
 all the doctors in the University, as well on account of his age (at least 84), as his station and dignity in the church. 
 
 .S a Burnlev,
 
 482 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book VI.— Chap I. 
 
 Burnley, and in failure of candidates from thence, to any other school within the county of 
 Lancaster*. 
 
 In the year 1570, he published the celebrated Catechism, which, as it had been under- 
 taken as a kind of synopsis of the doctrines of the Church of England, at the request of Cecil, 
 as it had been reviewed and interlined by the convocation, in the year I562, and was at last 
 committed to the press at the joint request of the two arclibisliops, may, in some measure, be 
 considered as a work of public authority. Of this little book, it is not too much to affirm, 
 that the orthodoxy of its precepts is equalled by the purity of its style ; and that, as it was 
 written at a time when the Church of England had neither forgotten nor grown ashamed of her 
 own doctrines, a late republication of it by the present learned and vigilant Bishop of Chester-^-, 
 is entitled to the gratitude of every friend to the Establishment, or to genuine Christianitv. 
 The general introduction of Nowell's catechism into schools and colleges, might be a means of 
 reinfusing a new portion of that spirit which once animated our pulpits, and of opening upon 
 the minds of young preachers better views of religion than have been generally exhibited of late, 
 excepting in combinations which disgrace thetn. 
 
 In the year 1575, Mr. Nowell received an elegant tribute of gratitude in a classical translation 
 of the Catechism into Greek, from his nephew, INIr. Whitaker, then fellow of Trinity College, 
 and rising to great distinction in the University of Cambridge. 
 
 The celebrity of the original work, sometimes perhaps called the Catechism, by way of 
 eminence, gave rise to an opinion that Alexander Nowell was " the composer of that good plain 
 unperplexed Catechism, which is in our good old Service Book." Such are the words of old 
 Izaac Walton, who, as he lived near the time, and conversed familiarly with the first eccle- 
 siastics, might have been better informed, though the real author of that excellent formula, pro- 
 bably bishop Poinet, has never been clearly ascertained. 
 
 At length, after having prolonged his life by temperance, exercise, and tranquillity of mind, 
 to ninety-five years, he died full of honour as of days, Feb. 13th, 1601. 
 
 He is recorded by Izaac Walton, a man of the same tranquil devotion, and who attained 
 nearly to the same length of days with himself, to have spent a tenth part of his time in 
 angling, an amusement suited beyond every other to calm and contemplative minds, and sacred, 
 as it should seem, to the relaxation of eminent divines; Donne, Herbert, Whitaker, and after 
 them Archbishop Sheldon, having been fondly attached to it. 
 
 Dr. Alexander Nowell was interred in his own cathedral, and had a monument erected 
 to his memory, which perished, with many more, in the fire of London ; but its figure 
 and inscription were preserved by the timel)^ industry of Dugdale, and the immortal hand of 
 Hollar*. 
 
 * Wood, Hist, and Ant. Univ. Ox. lib. 11, 214. 
 ■f Dr. Cleaver (1801), Bishop of Bangor ; afterwards, of St. Asaph. 
 
 J This is merely such a sketch as could be exhibited in a work like the present ; but a more expanded life of Alexander 
 Nowell has appeared from the excellent biographical pen of the Rev. Ralph Churton, 
 
 LAURENCE
 
 -■\lexaiidro Xmvello.Lancallrensi. prisca XowtHonmi «r-nte 
 
 oTnnndo.Tlieoloonf; I)octoTi.a?dis S.l'auli Derano, Hdexeinplinii liafprtaK. 
 
 Rat^'owflli.oujus liic lura fuis niifceiilur fiiieres.fi-atri.S- opuiu qua» 
 
 i^l)! jmi- Ti-slauieutnn'o (■<*fseTniit.ilii'i'In"tori jrieiitiTsiiuo.ilaj-iniiis teiinxn-iL. 
 
 pxiptppr'h-ris1ufsuianti;Rf<1n(niTniJiei\' Rel^;loni8^oiitrfi .Viij;'It>^>npiftas duubus 
 
 libris afst-i-toripn'ma'jl'rltiina' (.luadj-ngn-sniialis Coiirioin's [kt !iimosx?a£r..M, 
 
 continuos ad S-EKzabelhanufiininia Ubertate ftipcom. Schulv Midlptoniaiin' 
 
 patronoK^'oTIp'.'ii .¥.uei iiaMOiDirii.obiabaimi> jelatisjanaimosxiii-jHudnH xin.sHidioiU 
 
 et CC libris aimtris opera ^-iiupensLs fiiis aaupliatiJVa"sidi:ScboliepBTQiiije 
 
 plurnuoruiu Boiiornui auctoi'i.'pielatis fTeipK^nliTNLuris (ijiicitnnljJi'ti'iphtri 
 
 Cateclnsiuo propag^tofi :<nii puLlicn iu fe utnusiifAcadeiuin- X" Krolesiaa'uui ■ 
 
 exteramiu testimouinm.atcpipteruomiii Principuiu EdwHitli Al t'i-Elizabetliw 
 
 judicimu procemui^pronOcauivFSuperam. litem toruni^ir^ripue iintritoi*i:j 
 
 AffKcl oi-um inorl)is roj-poris vol aiiimi conaoIaloH'. Hoc Scjiiilclnnn.ol> | 
 
 muniiicentiajuS-inerita er°^ Kemp, et optiiimm statuin Kcclesiw I 
 
 Vast &h eo penugili adumiistraly redditTini, Exec .0 . D . S . M . ' 
 
 pafiut . 
 
 ViPtt atbnodnm Kevercndo.GTilielmo < leaver, S.T.r.Episcopo Asaplieiisi,et CoHepi .^nei^^asi 
 rrmcrpalL.E.evei-eiidi3que ejusdem Cone«*ii Sociis.talmlaxQ Tianr, Alexanain^ XoneBi . oliin 
 ejusdem Colle^ rriueipalis.intercpe inwrijiuos eJTis Beiiefaetores semper nuiueraudi . 
 ^ooamnentTmi ante octilos sistenteiu.siimiua aninii observaima.^'atitndmis trg^'u.B.D.D.K.Cliurttm .

 
 Book VI,— Chap. I.] . HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 483 
 
 LAURE\CE NOWELL. 
 
 Of this eminent scholar, the restorer of Saxon literature in England, I have met with 
 few memorials. He was brother of Alexander, and probably indebted, like him, for the 
 first rudiments of literature, to the neighbouring abbey. Where he completed his educa- 
 tion*, what were his early preferments, how he escaped the Mariana tempora, or whether 
 his profession of religion at that time rendered them dangerous to him, I have no-where 
 learned. But in the earlier part of queen Elizabeth's time, we find him active in the culti- 
 vation and encouragement of the Saxon language, which, after the dissolution of the monasteries, 
 in some of which it had been systematically taught -j-, and, after the fatal dispersion of their 
 MSS. and charters, was in danger of falling into total oblivion. 
 
 With this claim to royal patronage, and aided probably by the interest of his brother, who 
 then stood high in the favour of Elizabeth, he became dean of Litchfield, into which dignity 
 he was installed April 29th, I559. He was also prebendary of York and Chichester, and rector 
 of Haughton and Drayton Basset, in this diocese. He died in 1576or 1,")77, leaving a widow;};, 
 four sons, and several daughters, and is supposed by Willis ■§ to have been interred in the church 
 of Weston, in Derbyshire. Camden, who was under obligations to Laurence Nowell, has 
 honoured him with this eulogy : — " Vir rara doctrina insignis, et qui Saxonicam majorum 
 nostrorum linguam desuetudine intermortuam et oblivione sepultam primus nostra oetate re- 
 suscitavit." 
 
 He left behind him, 1st, '■ Vocabularium Saxonicum," j\IS. in Bib. Bodl. compiled A.D. 
 1560. 2d, "Collectanea e Chronico Gregorii Caervvent Monachi Coenobii Glocestriensis ab 
 Anno 681 ad An. 1290,"&c. MS. Bib. Cotton. 3d, "Fasti Ecclesice Wigorniensis." 4th, 
 " Polychronicon et Perambulationes Forestarum temp. Hen. Illti. Pedigrees of the British 
 Kings, Foundation of the Abbey of Tewkesbury, and the Succession of Abbots to the year 
 1400." A miscellaneous work in MS. formerly in Thoresby's Museum. 
 
 The late Mr. Lye, in his accurate edition of Junius's Etymologicon, has availed himself of 
 the labours of the dean of Litchfield. 
 
 THOMAS TALBOT, 
 
 Second son of John Talbot, of Salesbury, Esq. and Anne Banastre, of Altham, was born 
 at Salesbury, and educated at Oxford. In 15S0, he was keeper of the Records in the Tower. 
 He assisted Camden in the Catalogue of Earls for the " Britannia;" and left, 1st, " Collections 
 relating to the Antiquities of Yorkshire," MS. in the Cotton Library, together with several 
 other MSS. purchased bv Sir Robert Cotton of his executors. 2d, " Analecta quamplurima 
 
 * He was admitted of Brazen- nose College, Oxford, about the year 153.'>, and took the degree of A.M. in 1544. 
 Wood, Hist, and Antiq. Univ. Ox. p. 210. 
 
 f Particularly in the Abbey of Malmesbury. 
 
 X Relict of a Mr. Glover. His children, according to the family pedigree, pen. \iict were Samuel, Laurence, 
 Robert, Alexander, Catharine, Maiy. 
 
 § Cath. vol. I. p. 400. 
 
 diversi
 
 481. HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book VI.— Chap. 1. 
 
 tliversi generis, viz. ex quibusdam Chronicis, cartis aliisque autenticis Registris, Epitapliia, 
 Genealogia, et alia ad rem historicam spectantia," MS. in the Heralds' Office. 
 
 In the dedication to Mills's History of Honour, he is called " Limping Thomas Talbot, a 
 great genealogist, and of excellent memory *." 
 
 THE TOPVNLEY FAMILY. 
 
 This is not one of those long lines which are memorable only for their antiquity. In the 
 two last centuries it has produced a series of persons distinguished for their talents and virtues. 
 Of these, though last in time, yet first in point of interest, was its late elegant and accom- 
 plished representative. 
 
 Charles Townley was the oldest son of William Townley, of Townley, Esq. and Cecilia 
 his wife, sole heiress of Ralph Standish, of Standish, Esq. by Lady Philippa Howard, 
 daughter of Henry Duke of Norfolk. His paternal grandmother was heiress of the house of 
 Widdrington. He was born in the house of his ancestors October 1, 1 737 ; and succeeded to 
 the family estate, by the premature death of his father, in I742. This event, united with 
 relio-ious considerations, sent him, in early childhood, to France for education ; to which, how- 
 ever, much more attention was paid than is usual in the seminaries of that country. At a 
 later period he was committed to the care of Turbervile Needham, a man of considerable repu- 
 tation at that time upon the continent as a natural philosopher. His own native taste and 
 activity of mind carried him far beyond his companions in classical attainments; and a graceful 
 person easily adapted itself to all the forms of polished address, which are systematically 
 taught in France -|-. Thus accomplished, he came out into the world, and was eagerly received 
 into the first circles of gaiety and fashion, from the dissipations of which it would be vain to 
 say that he wholly escaped. These habits of life, however, in which imbecility grows old 
 without the power, and vanity without the will, to change, after having tried them for a few 
 years, his vigorous and independent mind shook off at once; and by one of those decisive 
 efibrts of which it was always capable, he withdrew to the Continent, i-esumed his literary 
 pursuits, studied with critical exactness the works and principles of antient art, and gradually 
 became one of the first connoisseurs in Europe. During this period of his life he principally 
 resided at Rome : from whence, in different excursions, he visited the remotest parts of Magna 
 Graecia and Sicily. I have heard him relate, that on arriving at Syracuse, after a long and fa- 
 tiguing journey, he could take neither rest nor refreshment till he had visited the fountain of 
 Arethusa. This, though a trifling, is a characteristic circumstance, for he never spared him- 
 self, nor ever desisted from any pursuit, till he had either attained his object or completely 
 exhausted his strength. 
 
 Though far from indiflferent to any of the fine arts, statuary was his favourite, and he soon 
 became too ardent a lover of antiquity to remain a spectator of its fairest forms without courting 
 the possession. His principal agent at Rome, after he ceased to reside there, was Mr. Jenkins. 
 
 * Cough's Anecdotes of BritUh Topography, volTI. p. 497, 
 
 t- To bo convinced liow long the French have been our masters in this accompliblimcnt, see the Life of Edward 
 Lord Herbert, p. 45. 
 
 How
 
 i^ 
 
 CHA.%l*£S TOASrJSTEUETr. 
 
 Fj-oin a Bust "bv Jfollel^ens iii flip Pblselsion of 
 
 .lOHN TOWNKl.KY KSQV"
 
 Book VI.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHAT, LET. 485 
 
 How he acquired so many specimens of antient art from the East, I always neglected to in- 
 quire, and have now- no means of learning. When his " dead family," as he was wont to call 
 them, grew considerable, he purchased for their recejjtion two successive houses in London ; 
 the latter of which (in Park-street, Westminster), he fitted up with great elegance, and made 
 it his principal residence till his death ; which happened, to the unspeakable grief of his 
 friends, January 3, 1805. 
 
 The Townley Marbles were now become a national object: the Trustees of the British 
 Museum, therefore, obtained from Parliament a grant of ^.20,000, probably not half the 
 original cost ; and for this sum they were purchased from the family. In the midst of an 
 expensive war, and under the administration of one whose great mind rarely condescended to 
 patronise the fine arts, this may be considered as a remarkable* testimony to their value. 
 
 On the whole, they were undoubtedly the most select assemblage of Greek and Roman 
 sculpture ever brought into England. That of the Earl of Arundel, the first which travelled 
 so far beyond the Alps, though much more numerous, appears, from the remnants of it which 
 are preserved, to have been filled with subjects of very inferior merit. The same, ])erhaps, 
 may be said of a few celebrated collections yet remaining in some noble houses. But, in the 
 Townley Museum, there was not a single statue, bust, or basso relievo, which did not rise far 
 above mediocrity ; and, with the exception of seven or eight subjects beyond the hope or pos- 
 sibility of private attainment, it certainly contained the finest specimens of ancient art yet re- 
 maining in the world. Among these may be distinguished the far-famed iiead of Homer, the 
 apotheosis of Marcus Aurelius, the younger Verus, the Astragalizontes, a small but exquisitely 
 beautiful group *, the Isis -f, the female Bacchus +, the ivy-crowned Muse, and the small 
 bronze of Hercules Alastor, found at Bib! us in Syria. 
 
 The Townley Museum was also rich in gems, terra cottas, sepulchral monuments ; and, 
 above all, in a series of Roman imperial large brass, second only in extent and preservation 
 to that of the late King of France, which alone had cost the collector above ^.3000. The 
 Greek medals were rather specimens than a collection ; having been selected for a particular 
 purpose, which will now be explained. 
 
 Mr. Townley was a zealous advocate for the mythological system of D'Ancarvile ^, who 
 compiled the greater part of his curious work in Park-street, and derived some of his best 
 illustrations from specimens in that collection. 
 
 * This is probably a copy from the bronze group by Polycletns, raentioned by Pliny, as existing in his time, in the 
 Atrium of Titus, 1. xxxiv. c. 8. 
 
 f This figure is remarkable for the aitiibutes given to the Rerum Natura Parens by Apuleius, Met. 1. xi. " Cujus 
 " (verticis) media quidem supra fronte plana rotunditas, in modum speculi vel immo argumenlum (qu. arcuamentura 
 " vel augmentum) luna; candidurn lumen emicabat. Dextra laevaque sulcis insurgentium viperarum cohibita, spicis 
 "■ etiam cerealibus desuper porrectis." > 
 
 J " Tibi cum sine cornibus adstas, 
 
 Virgineum caput est." Ovid. Met. 1. iv.. 
 
 § See " Recherches sur 1" Origine et les Piogrfes des Arts de la Grece, k Londres, h.dcc.lxxxv." I am indebted 
 to the subject of the present article for a copy of this work, enriched with his own notes, and with engravings never 
 published of the principal statues and busts in his possession. The Homer has been engraved for the splendid edition 
 of the Iliad lately published at Oxford. Prefixed to the Introduction of the " Recherches" is a profile of Mr. Townley, 
 as on a Greek medal : reverse, nPONOlA : but the likeness is not a good one He was bimself no contemptible en- 
 graver ;
 
 48G HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book VT.— Chap. I. 
 
 Of this system, which has not been generally received in England, it must be allowed that, 
 amidst the silence of the earlier writers of antiquity, it is powerfully supported by the later 
 IMatonists, and the remains of ancient art. The symbols employed by sculptors and engravers 
 to adumbrate the creative, destroying, and restoring powers of the universe, appear to have 
 been connected with the mysteries. By the vulgar they were considered as the attributes of 
 common Polytheism ; by the initiated they were referred to the AIIOPPHTA of their own 
 system. 
 
 But, to return : though an indefatigable writer, Mr. Townley never printed any thing but 
 a Dissertation on the Ribchester Helmet, in the Vetusta Monumenia of the Antiquarian So- 
 ciety. The reason of this reserve may partly have been much native delicacy of mind, and 
 partly a consciousness that his English style was tinctured with foreign idioms. Indeed, he 
 never spoke his native tongue but with some hesitation, and had frequent recourse to French 
 and Italian words to remove his embarrassment. 
 
 I have just now ascribed to him much native delicacy of mind: a quality never more con- 
 spicuous than in the familiar, extenuating manner in which he spoke of his own antiquarian 
 treasures : treasures such as the Medici might have boasted of. 
 
 " Contemptai dominus splendidior rei." 
 
 To young connoisseurs, and in general to his inferiors in taste and science who sought his 
 assistance, he was an active and zealous patron, sparing neither his interest nor his exertions 
 to promote their views. For many such acts of friendship the writer of this memoir has reason 
 to remember him with the warmest affection and gratitude. 
 
 But it would be injurious to the memory of this excellent person to consider him merely as 
 a virtuoso. He was one of the most benevolent and generous men I have ever known. The 
 demands of taste, however importunate, could never tempt him either to rapacity or retention. 
 In his conduct to a numerous tenantry he was singularly considerate and humane: and whether 
 present or absent from his house in the country, the stream of his bounty to the indigent never 
 dried up or diminished. In one vear of general distress, approaching to famine, he distributed 
 among the poor of the neighbouring townships a sum equivalent to a fourth part of the clear 
 income arising from the estate. His personal habits, though elegant, were frugal and unos- 
 tentatious. He never even kept a carriage. He was an early riser, and an exact ceconomist of 
 his time. To his own 'affairs he was minutely and skilfully attentive. In his later years he 
 grew more attached to his native place, and displayed, in adorning the grounds about it, a taste 
 not inferior to that which distinguished his other pursuits. His temper, though naturally 
 cheerful, was calm and sedate. His conversation, though regulated by the nicest forms of 
 good-breeding, was seasoned with a kind of Attic irony, not always unfelt by those about him. 
 
 graver; and a sarJonyx bicolor, in the same work, bears his name, "Car. Townley sculpsit." I may also be allowed 
 to add, tliat the light thrown on the areliilcctural projections in Basire's beautiful j)late of the Cloister Court of Whal- 
 iey, was fiom a correction by Mr. Townley 's hand. At the time of his death, a magnificent plate of one apartment in 
 his museum, from a painting by Zoffani, was, as it is yet, under the engraver's hands. It contains a tolerable like- 
 ness of himself at forty-five; and of his friends, the Hon. Mr. Grevile, Mr. Astie, and Mr. D'Ancarvile. But the mis- 
 fortune is, that, for the sake of effect, many of the subjects have been transferred from their real situations. The 
 stipulated price of this plate was no less than a^.1200. 
 
 His
 
 Book VI.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 487 
 
 His manner had much both of dignity and sweetness. He was happy in a vigorous consti- 
 tution, and still more so in a slow and sensible decay ; for, after half a century of uninter- 
 rupted health and spirits, which gave but too keen a relish to every enjoyment, a lingering 
 disorder 'vhich hung over him for the three last years of liis life, co-operating with other means, 
 brought him to a deep and serious sense of religion ; and in this sense he died. Excepting the 
 last circumstance, he may well be represented in the beautiful character of Atedius Melior, by 
 Sutius * : 
 
 " Cui nee pigra quies, nee iniqua potentia, nee spes 
 
 " Improba, sed medius per honesta et dulcia limes, 
 
 " Incorrupte fidem, nullosque experte tumultus, 
 
 " Et secrete palam, qui digeris ordine vitam ; 
 
 " Idem auri facilis contemptor, et optimus idem 
 
 " Comere divitias, opibusque immittere lucem." 
 
 Mr. Townley was interred, January 17, 1805, in the family chapel at Burnley in Lanca- 
 shire, where those who love his memory would rejoice to see the best judge of sculpture in 
 Europe commemorated by a bust at least. Added to that memorial his name would be enough : 
 for, till this generation shall have passed away, the truest sepulchral panegyric would be 
 useless — in another it would be suspected. 
 
 The following, however, has at length been chosen, and is entitled to a place here for its 
 classical purity and elegance. 
 
 M. S. 
 
 CAROLI TOWNELEH, 
 
 viri ornati, modesti ; 
 
 nobilitate stirpis, amoenitate ingenii, suavitate morum, 
 
 insignis ; 
 
 qui omnium bonarum artium, praesertim Graecarum, 
 
 spectator elegantissimus, oestimator acerrimus, judex peritissimus, 
 
 earum reliquias, ex urbium veterum ruderibus eifossas, 
 
 summo studio conquisivit, sua pccunia redemit, in usum patriae reposuit; 
 
 ea liberalitate animi, qua, juvenis adhuc, 
 
 haereditatem alteram, vix patrimonio minorem, 
 
 fratri spont^ cesserat, dono dederat. 
 
 Vixit annos lxvii. menses iii. dies iii. 
 
 Mortem obiit Jan. iii. A. S. mdcccv. 
 
 JOHN TOWNLEY, Esa. 
 
 Son of Charles, second son of Sir John Townley, knight, married Mary, daughter and sole 
 heiress of Sir Richard Townley, his uncle. He was celebrated for his recusancy and sufferings. 
 In Peck's " Desiderata Curiosa," are many memorials relating to him and his fellow-sufferer, 
 
 * Sjlvae, 1. ii. 3. 
 
 Sir
 
 +3S HlSTOllY OF WHALLEV. [Book VI.— Chap. I. 
 
 Sir John South woitl). I'he following inscription, under a portrait of himself, his lady, and 
 children, in the library at Townles', will supply what is wanting in this narrative: — 
 
 HLW SfoJjn about ti)t 6 tx 7 ocrc of \)a ma.tic. pt. noto ^^, tot profes'.sing ih apo.-stodcaU catl30licfi 
 tiomnm ffaitlb, \aa^ inuirisoncO fir.st at cljcsiter ra.^tcll, t})cn .eicnt to marisil)a[.6ea, tljcn to poifte ca.stfir. t])t 
 to pe bIoc{!}}Oii?if^ in l^ufl, tijcn to tJje •©ateljou^c in lDcsitmin!.>tcr, tjjcn to .^aanctic^tfr, tijen to fcrobjjljton 
 in <Drefortj:a|)irc, tljcn ttoice to clie in «Camlirigcs'fir. ano ^0 nota of ; 73 : pcare.^ olti and blin&e, i^ bounDr to 
 appcare ano to fecpe toitlj in filjc mylca' ot totonclcn Iji.s" ])D\i^e, ioljo Jjatt) iSince pc jitatutc of 23 : paiO in 
 to pc €)fclbcqucr X%% pi' moiintlj (j ootj; jitiK, pt t{}ccr i^' paiD altrca&p abate Ctoe M%. 1601. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER TOIVXLEV, 
 
 Grandson of the above, and jounger son of Richard Townley, sen. Esq. was born at 
 Town ley, Jan, 9th, iGO;}. 
 
 This is that indefatigable transcriber, to whom the present Work is so much indebted. Of 
 his labours, I have now discovered no less than twenty-two volumes, mostly in large folio, at 
 Townley. Writing seems to have been the business of his life ; but it is to be lamented that 
 he did not intersperse a little anecdote and reflection with the drudgery of transcribing. Per- 
 severance, however, was his talent, and those who have followed in the same walk are 
 infinitely indebted to him. 
 
 He married Alice, daughter of John Braddyll, of Portfield, Esq. and widow of Richard 
 Townley, of Carr, Esq. for which reason he is called by Mr. Whitaker and Sir Peter Leycester, 
 Townley of Carr, though his residence before marriage was at Moorhiles. He was interred at 
 Burnley Aug. 1674. 
 
 RICHARD TOfVNLEV, Esa. 
 
 Oldest son of Charles Townley, killed at Marston Moor, was born in 162S. 
 
 The distresses of the times, and probably the natural bent of his own mind, led him to a 
 retired and studious course of life. After his marriage with Margaret Paston, his earlier years 
 appear to have been spent at Nocton, a fine estate then belonging to the family, near Lincoln; 
 but, upon the Restoration, he was compelled to dispose of this, in order to heal the breaches 
 made by sequestrations : and from that time till some years after the marriage of his son, 1685, 
 seems to have resided principally at Townley. He then withdrew to York, where he died of a 
 mortification, Jan. 1 706-7, set. 77*. 
 
 In Leigh's Lancashire, 1. 2, p. 17, &c. is a letter from Richard Townley, Esq. to Dr. Croon, 
 touching an instrument for dividing a foot into many single parts, invented by a Mr. Gas- 
 eoigne, slain in the civil wars ; a letter on the quantity of rain, ibm. ; a table of rain at 
 Townley, from 1677 to 1693 ; observations on an eclipse of the sun, in a Latin letter to 
 Mr.'Flamsted. 
 
 His attainments as a philosopher and mathematician were certainly very considerable; and 
 
 * Tlie particulars of his complaint are related by Thoresby, in the style and spirit of an old nurse. Due. p. 642.— 
 Vide his elegant Epitaph, under Burnley. 
 
 he
 
 
 «./(.yXJIJrj/ 
 
 • •• 

 
 Book VI —Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 489 
 
 he is said to have been a man of mild and amiable temper, averse from business, which 
 he devolved almost entirely upon his brother and faithful friend, who was afterwards his 
 executor, 
 
 I cannot forbear mentioning how few steps, in the traditionary history of this family, carry 
 us up two centuries: my informant* having conversed witii an aged relative married into the 
 family in 1685, and for several yesirs resident in the same house with another, who was born in 
 the reign of Elizabeth. 
 
 JOHN TOWNLEV, Knight of St. Louis, 
 
 Grandson of the former, and younger son of Charles Townley, Esq. by Ursula Fermor, 
 was born at Townley, 1697 ; and having been originally intended for the law, was placed in the 
 office of the famous Salkeld. But his inclination leading him to prefer a military life, he 
 entered into the French service, and was present at the siege of Philipsburgh, where the marshal 
 Due de Berwick was killed. He was afterwards honoured with the Cross of St. Louis. 
 
 Having spoken, in company with Voltaire, and other wits of the time, at Paris, of the 
 English poem of Hudibras, and translated some small portions of that inimitable work almost 
 extempore, he was induced to attempt a version of the whole, which he published, with the 
 following title : — " Hudibras Poeme, escrit dans le tems des Troubles d'Angleterre ; et traduit 
 en Vers Francois, avec des Remarques et des Figures. A Londres, I757." 
 
 With what success he atchieved a task of such extreme difficulty, may be conjectured from 
 the following extract, notwithstanding its brevity : 
 
 An old dull sot, who told the clock Uii vieux Sut, qui comptoit les heures 
 
 For many years at Bridewell Dock, Constainment pres de ces demeures 
 
 At Westminster, and Hicks's Hall, Ou sent log6s fripons et gueux, 
 
 And Hiccius-Doctius play'd in all ; A Westminster et d'autres Lieux, 
 
 Where in all governments and times Ou la justice se debite, 
 
 H' had been both friend and foe to crimes, 11 etoit parlout em^rite. 
 
 And us'd two equal ways of gaining, La, sous chaque Gonvernement 
 
 By hind'ring justice, or maintaining: 11 alloit indifferemment 
 
 Poursuivre, ou det'endre le crime, 
 Et par cette double maxime, 
 II gagnoit, a solliciter 
 Jiisiite, comme a I'empecher. 
 
 The following inscription, under an engraving from a miniature portrait in the possession 
 of his nephew, will supply the dates wanted to complete this short account. 
 
 Ad impertiendum amicis inter Gallos, Linguae Anglicanac non nihil peritis, facetum Poema 
 Hudibras dictum, accurate festiveque Gallice conuertit Hie .JOH.\NNES TOWNELEY, 
 Caroli Towneley, de Towneley, in Agro Lancastriensi filius. Natus A.D. 1C.97 — Denatus 
 A.D. 1782. Grato pioque animo fieri curavit Johannes Towneley nepos. — A.D. 1797. 
 
 * John Townley, jun. Esq. ■ 
 
 .3 R JOHN
 
 -too HISTORY OF WHALLKY. [Book VI.— Chap I. 
 
 JOIIX JIEBSTER. 
 
 Of this extraordinary man, one of the ablest and most learned that have been connected 
 with the parish of Whailey by birtli or habitation, I have been able to retrieve very few parti- 
 culars, but from incidental hints which he gives of his own history in his works. 
 
 In his epitapli, he states himself to have been born in Villa Spinosa, in Agro Cucullato ; 
 that is, at Tliornton, in Cuxwold ; and he speaks, in one passage of his works, so familiarly of 
 the neighbourhood of Cambridge, that I presume him to have been educated in that University. 
 Whether medicine or theology were his original destination, I do not know : but it is certain 
 that he entered into holy orders, and about the year I634 was curate of Kildwick, in Craven, 
 where he seems to have had the first opportunity of exercising that sagacity in detecting impos- 
 ture, for which he was afterwards so conspicuous. I refer the Reader to the account of the 
 Pendle Forest witches in this Volume, and shall here subjoin Webster's own account of the 
 young impostor there mentioned : 
 
 " This said boy was brought into the church of Kildwick, a large parish church, where I, 
 being then curate there, was preaching in the afternoon, and was set upon a stall to look about 
 him, which moved some little disturbance in the congregation for a while. After prayers, I 
 enquiring what the matter was, the people told me it was the boy that discovered witches ; 
 upon which I went to the house where he was to stay all night, where I found him, and two 
 very unlikely persons that did conduct him and manage the business. 
 
 " I desired to have some discourse with the boy in private ; but that they utterly refused. Then 
 in the presence of a great many people, I took the boy near me, and said, ' (iood boy, tell me truly 
 and in earnest, didst thou see and hear such strange things of the meeting of witches as is reported 
 by many that thou didst relate? But the two men, not giving the boy leave to answer, did 
 pluck him from me, and said, he had been examined by two oi/^ justices of the peace, and they 
 did never ask him such a question. To whom I replied, the persons accused had therefore the 
 more wrong." 
 
 As the laws of England and the opinions of mankind then stood, a mad dog, in the midst of 
 a congregation, would not have been more dangerous than this wicked and mischievous boy, 
 who looking aro\ind him could, according to his own caprice, put any one or more of the people 
 in peril of tortures or of death. 
 
 On another occasion, he was called to visit a boy supposed to be possessed, of which he 
 gives the following account : — " I })resently judged it to be neither natural disease nor super- 
 natural distemper, but only knavery and imposture; and told the father and the son, that I 
 tould soon cast forth all the devils that he was possessed with, but then I must have him in mine 
 own custody, and none of them to come near him nor speak unto him. A long time I expected 
 to see him in one of his fits, but his devil was too timorous of my stern countenance and rougli 
 carriage." 
 
 At what time Webster forsook the Ministry of the Church of England I cannot discover; 
 but, during the civil wars, he certainly attended one of the armies in the capacity, as may be 
 inferred from the following passage, rather of a surgeon than a chaplain : 
 
 " For we ourselves, in the late time of rebellion, have seen some thousands of dead bodies 
 
 that
 
 Book VI.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 •19 1 
 
 that have had divers wounds, and lying naked, and being turned over and over, and by ten or 
 twelve thrown into one pit, and not one of them have issued any fresh and pure blood." 
 
 That Webster really practised surgery is evident, not only from the style which he gives 
 himself in the title-page of his own book, but from another curious and characteristic passage, 
 which I will subjoin : 
 
 " We ourselves having practised the art of medicine, in all its parts, in the North of England, 
 where ignorance, popery, and superstition, doth much abound, and where, for the roost part, 
 the common people, if they chance to have any sort of the epilepsie, palsy, convulsions, or the 
 like, do presently perswade themselves that they are bewitched, forespoken, blasted, fairy-taken, 
 or haunted with some evil spirit; and if you should, by plain reasons, show them that they 
 are deceived, and that there is no such matter, but that it is a natural disease, say what you can, 
 they shall not believe you, but account you a physician of small or no value." — Hence, I am 
 sorry to say, that our Author, who was probably a better physician than a casuist, infers the 
 lawfulness of using periaptas, or any other insignificant things, to hang about their necks, 
 assuring them that it is a most efficacious and powerful charm ; and so you may cure them, as 
 we have done great numbers." 
 
 But surely this is doing evil, that good may come ; for, by parity of reason, a clergyman 
 who was sent for to visit a hypochondriacal man persuaded that he is actually possessed, if he 
 believed that such a stratagem might tend to the removal of the disorder, would be justified in 
 practising upon him all the forms of dispossession. 
 
 When Webster speaks of " the late Rebellion," he uses the language of his later days, when 
 his book was written ; for, as he returned to the office of a preacher during the Usurpation, and 
 became a surgeon once more after the Restoration, it may be presumed that he thought the 
 conduct by which the then existing authorities obtained their power was no rebellion. Yet it 
 must have been his politics, rather than his theology, which were warped. He was a very 
 learned divine ; but the authors to whom he perpetually refers were the best theologians of the 
 Church of England; neither is there a tincture of puritanical cant in his writings. His taste 
 had evidently been formed on better models. 
 
 He complains, that in the year 165S all his books and papers were taken from him; 
 a robbery of which no other account can be given, than that he then laboured under some 
 suspicion of loyalty. However this may have been, he seems to have withdrawn, soon after 
 the Restoration, from Mitton to Clitheroe, where he finally renounced his ministry, and spent 
 the remainder of his days in study, metallurgy, and the practice of medicine. 
 
 With some inconsistency in his principles, Webster was certainly an extraordinary man. 
 Had his penetration and rational incredulity, his indefatigable industry, and profound eru- 
 dition, had the benefit of modern discoveries, he would have been a philosopher of the first 
 order. Besides the two ancient languages then critically understood by every scholar, he read 
 and cited with facility the Hebrew, German, Italian, and French. Of his skill in Hebrew he 
 thus modestly speaks : — 
 
 " It is far from us to compare ourselves with those learned men that were masters of the 
 Hebrew and Greek tongues, being in comparison but a smatterer in those languages; yet have, 
 in our younger years, both studied and taught them unto others; and, as far as we undertake, 
 we hope we need not fear the censure of the most rigid critic" His medical knowledge was the 
 
 best
 
 492 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. [Book VI.— Chap. I. 
 
 best of his times, collected from multifarious reading of the old physicians, frequently corrected 
 in their fiUicies and superstitions by his own better judgment. — His stories are often very lively, 
 and sometimes picturesque. 
 
 Of both these, the following are specimens: — 
 
 *' In my voungt r years, I being in company with divers gentlemen, whereof two were mas- 
 ters of arts (in Burrow Bridge), we espied a great crowd and ring of people; and drawing near, 
 there was a per-on commonly known, through most of the northern parts of Yorkshire, by the 
 name of John Gipsie, being as black as any of that tribe, with a feather in his hat, a silk slasht 
 doublet upon a fair Holland shirt, counterfeiting himself half drunk, and reeling to and fro, 
 witli a tape tied fast together at the two ends, and throwing it, as it were carelessly, two or three 
 times about a smooth rod that another nsan held by both ends, and then crying, it is now fast for 
 five shillings; but no sooner reeling and looking aside, the man that held the rod did put oft' 
 the bout of the tape again, and still John Gipsie would cry and bet that it was fast : then would 
 there come two or three, and bet with him, and win and go away, as it were laughing him to 
 scorn ; yet still he would continue, and pray the fellow that held the stick not to deceive him, 
 and plainly shew the people that it would be fast when the bout was put on. Then would the 
 fellow that held the stick still put off" the bout, when John Gypsie looked away ; whereby the 
 people believed that he was in drink, and so deceived by him that held the rod; and so many 
 would come and bet with him and lose, so that he used to win much money, though the bout 
 was put oflT every time, and none could discern any alteration in the string. This strange feat, 
 which was one of the neatest that ever I saw in all my life, did so surprize my companions, and 
 in part myself, that some of them were of opinion that he had some stone in the ring upon his 
 finger, by virtue of which he performed the trick. The most part concluded that it could not 
 be done but by the power of the devil, and resolved to come no more near John Gypsie. But 
 /, that was much guilty of curiosity, knowing the way how all the common jugglers about 
 Cambridge and London did perform their tricks, slipt away from my company, and desired to 
 hold the stick, which he refused not ; and so, in a short time, perceived how it was done. They 
 may deride this story that list, and yet it may serve as instruction to the wisest; and there are 
 hundreds yet living who knew this person and where he was born, which was at Bolton Bridge, 
 near Skipton, in Craven." 
 
 The following passage, in which he is speaking of a sound judgment as necessary to a com- 
 petent witness, is grotesquely told : — 
 
 " They ought to be of a sound judgment, and not of a vitiated and distempered phantasie, 
 nor of a melancholic constitution ; for these will take a bush to be a bugbear, and a black sheej) 
 to be a demon ; the noise of the wild swans flying high in the nights to be spirits, or, as they 
 call them here in the North, Gabriel Ratchets; the calling of a daker hen in the meadow, to be 
 the Whistlers ; the howling of the female fox in a gill or a clough, for the male, to be the cry of 
 fairies." The Gabriel Ratchets, in our Author's time, seem to have been the same with the (Jerman 
 Rachtvogel or Rachtraven. The word and the superstition are still known in Lancashire, though 
 in a sense somewhat difTcrent ; for the Gable-Raches are supposed to be something like litters of 
 puppies yelping (gabbling) in the air. Ratch is certainly a dog in general*. — The Whistlers 
 
 * See Junius^ in voce. 
 
 are,
 

 
 Book VI.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY, 493 
 
 are, I believe, the green or whistling plover, which fly very high in the night, uttering their 
 characteristic note. 
 
 We are at present little aware of the mischiefs from which such men as Webster sought to 
 deliver their age and country. Let the Reader take his own account ; 
 
 " By such wicked means and unchristian practices, divers innocent persons lost their lives; 
 and these wicked rogues wanted not greater persons (even of the ministry too) that did authorize 
 and encourage them in their diabolical courses : and the like, in my time, happened here in 
 Lancashire, where divers, both men and women, were accused of supposed witchcraft, and 
 were so unchristianly and inhumanly handled, as to be stripped stark naked and laid upon 
 tables and beds to be searched, for their supposed witch-marks : so barbarous and cruel acts 
 doth diabolical instigation, working upon ignorance and superstition, produce." 
 
 The powerful artillery of our Author, directed, as it was, against the mischievous supersti- 
 tion of his times, was unfortunately pointed over the heads of the stupid and superstitious people 
 among whom he lived, while it seems not to have reached those who were capable of bemg 
 benefited by it. It may be doubted whether Sir Matthew Hale, for example, who condemned 
 men without scruple for this imputed offence, ever read " Webster's Discovery of pretended 
 Witchcraft." 
 
 He was neglected alike by the wise and the unwise ; but what he sought to effect by force of 
 reason has since been accomplished by the general progress of philosophical knowledge in one 
 quarter, and by a gradual oblivion of ancient usages and opinions in another. 
 
 He died at Clitheroe, where all tradition of him is now lost, leaving behind him an excellent 
 library, valued at more than ^.400, of which a catalogue is preserved at Browshohne. He had 
 also a sort of cabinet, one article of which travelled into Thoresby's Museum, who gays that it 
 had been among the curiosities of Mr. Webster, of Clitheroe. He was born Feb. 3d, 1610, and 
 died June 18, 16S2. 
 
 WILLIAM IFHITAKER. 
 
 The life of this eminent divine has been so often and so copiously written *, that I shall content 
 myself with a few leading facts and dates in those parts of his history which are already known, 
 with the addition of some circumstances drawn from authentic family documents. 
 
 William Whitaker was third son of Thomas Whita.ker, of Holme, gent, and Elizabeth his 
 wife, one of the daughters of John Nowell, of Read, Esq. By this marriage he was not only 
 descended from the first families of Lancashire, the Sherburnes, Townleys, Stanleys, and Har- 
 ringtons, but allied to a constellation of distinguished ecclesiastics, whose erudition and talents 
 were superior to their stations : for his mother's brethren were Alexander and Laurence Nowell, 
 respectively deans of St. Paul's and Litchfield, whose lives have already been given ; and her 
 sister Margaret was mother of Woolton, Bishop of Exeter, whose daughter married Francis 
 
 * Vid. Vit. et Mort. Whitakeri, prefixed to his works in fol. Gen. 1610.— Holland's Heroologia; Fuller's Worthies 
 in Lancashire, Do. Abel Redivivus; Biographia Evangelicaj and many scattered facts in Strype's Memoirs of 
 
 Whitgift. 
 
 Godwyn
 
 494 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book VI.— Chap. I. 
 
 God.vyn, bishop of Hereford, (son of Thomas Godwyn, Bishop of Bath and Wells), the learned 
 commentator " De Praesulibus Angliae." 
 
 'I'lie marriat^e contract of Thomas Whitaker and Elizabeth Novvell, of which the original is 
 in my possession, bears date Feb. 3, 1530. Her fortune was 40 marks, and her jointure 46s. 
 charged upon all the " manors, meases, lands, tenements, and services, of Richard Whitaker, 
 her husband's fatiier," who was then alive*. 
 
 William, the subject of my narrative, was born in the first year of Edward VI. according to 
 the original life prefixed to his works, " in Praedio perantiquo et accolis notissimo nomine Holme 
 intra Parochiam de Burndley, loco montoso." And, saith Fuller, " in the first year of that pious 
 prince's reign was William Whitaker borne at the manner of Holme, in the parish of Burnd- 
 ley, in the County of Lancaster." In the same house, after an interval of more than 250 
 years, the descendant of his elder brother is now recording his life. 
 
 At this period, a dawn of classical literature began to appear, even in the remotest parts of 
 England. Many royal foundations of Edward VI. made some compensation for the spoil 
 committed upon hospitals and chantries ; and, about the same time, one Hartgrave is said to 
 have opened an unendowed seminary at Burnley. In this obscure retreat, and among a people 
 sunk in the grossest ignorance, a])peared the first symptoms of a genius which was soon to be 
 heard of in the Vatican. 
 
 At twelve years old, however, young Whitaker was transplanted to a more genial soil, his uncle, 
 Alexander Nowell, Dean of St. Paul's, having taken him to his own house, and placed him in the 
 adjoining school, then one of the most flourishing in the kingdom. Here it was found unnecessary 
 to detain him long. Boys, not young men, were then admitted into the universities ; and a 
 public school would probably be of little farther use to a boy like him, than to wear of!" the 
 coarseness of his native dialect, to correct the bashfulness of his native manners, and to give 
 him a better taste in classical comjjosition. However this may have been, in 1563 1 find him 
 described as A.B. and scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. Why the Dean of St. Paul's, 
 whose interest lay in the other university, preferred in this instance that of Cambridge, must 
 now be left to conjecture. But liis other uncle, Robert Nowell, attorney of the court of 
 wards, was intimately acquainted with Cecil; and to this connection Whitaker was indebted for 
 an interest in that great man, which he never forfeited, though he sometimes perhaps neglected 
 to ini])rove it. His situation in Trinity College introduced him also to another patron. Dr. John 
 Wliitgift, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury, who became master of the college in I567. 
 
 His exercises for the degrees in arts (both of which were equally attended to at that time) 
 afforded him the first opportunity of displaying that acuteness and strength of intellect, that 
 facility, if not consummate elegance in the Latin language, which raised him to the Theological 
 Chair. 
 
 In 1573 he gave a more public testimony of his classical attainments, by translating the 
 celebrated Catechism of his uncle into Greek. On this occasion he was not inattentive to his 
 interests or his feelings, and inscribed the Work to Cecil. 
 
 * Such «as the simplicily of tlie times, and the scarcity of specie, that a considerable ]iMt of this fortune was paid 
 in oatmeal, for which 1 have seen a release (Townl. MSS.) from Thomas Whitaker, the husband, to Charles Townley 
 Esq. steplathcr and guardian to Elizabeth Nowell, ihe wife. 
 
 It
 
 Book VI.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 495 
 
 It appears, that in those days solemn disputations in arts were held at every commencement, 
 under the moderamen of one of the proctors ; and it liappened, about this time, that those two 
 officers contending for that honour, were both set aside by the University in favour of Mr. Whi- 
 taker, then a young M. A. who discharged the dehcate and invidious office imposed upon him 
 with great applause to himself and credit to the University. — The next important fact recorded 
 in his life indicates a continuance of the same disposition in the senate towards him. 
 
 He was nowB.D. for which degree he had performed the accustomed exercises with dis- 
 tmguished approbation, and was pitched upon to keep a public theological act at the commence- 
 ment; in which, as in the foreign universities at present, there was an open opposition ; the 
 oldest doctors, and even heads of colleges, usually condescending, on these occasions, to turn 
 opponents *. 
 
 About the 3 1 st year of his age, and before he was of standing for the degree of D. D. he was 
 elected regius professor on the resignation of Dr. Chadderton. At a time when great deference 
 was paid to age, and when the university abounded with grave and learned divines, this elevation 
 must be regarded as an evidence of very extraordinary talents in the successful candidate. 
 
 The office of Regius Professor, sufficiently laborious at present, did not then consist only in 
 moderating over the public disputations, but also in reading theological lectures every term. In 
 this respect, the first years of Mr. Whitaker's professorship were most usefully employed ; for his 
 " Praelections," instead of the barren subtleties of school divinity, were a series of valuable 
 expository criticisms on the most important books of Scripture. In I585, he first became a- 
 controversial writer ; and in the remaining ten years of his life, with many other avocations, 
 produced that huge tome of polemical theology, which was printed at Geneva some years after 
 his death; a monument at once of incredible industry, and great facility in composition. In the 
 midst of all these toils, he had leisure to contract two marriages successively with women of 
 respectable birth, but of puritan principles. 
 
 By their influence he was for a while prevented from commencing doctor in divinity, which 
 the statute required ; though he had been anxious to obtain it on his first appointment, 
 when his want of standing rendered it impracticable. But the mastership of St. John's now- 
 becoming vacant, he was, by the interest of Cecil, though after great opposition, elected to that 
 distinguished office, Feb. 25th, 1586-7, and was then constrained, by the remonstrances of liis 
 friends, to j)roceed to his last degree. 
 
 In this station he continued more than eight years, discharging the duties of it with great 
 mildness and temper, with a liberality even exceeding his resources, and with an impartiality 
 never warjjed but by religious prejudice. 
 
 Dr. Whitaker was in doctrine a rigid Calvinist, and with respect to discipline, though con- 
 formable himself, yet somewhat too favourable to the puritans. On these accounts, he regarded 
 every thing that looked like popery with perfect abhorrence ; and having long suspected an 
 inclination towards the old religion in one Everard Digby-}-, a fellow of the college, he fell 
 
 * I mention these circumstances, on account of their extreme dissimiiituile to modern academical manners. But 
 of the University of Cambridge, in a much shorter interval than between that time and the present, it was observed by 
 Dr. Caius : " Nova personariim, nova omnium rernm facias erat— nova denique docendi, discendi, et disputandi forma. 
 
 Hist. Csstl. Ace. 1. 1. 
 
 t He had however not mistaken his man, for Digby afterwards declared himself a Catholic. 
 
 into
 
 496 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book VI.— Chap. I. 
 
 into a very common species of injustice, that of punishing with illegal severity a trifling offence 
 which can be proved, in order to be avenged on a much greater, which is but suspected. Digbv, 
 in a sermon, had commended voluntary poverty : this, though an heinous offence in the mas- 
 ter's eyes, was not unstatutable. But Mr. Digby's commons had been unpaid for three weeks. 
 He had been admonished, put out of commons by the master, sat down to table while under the 
 sentence, and for this transgression was summarily deprived of his fellowship. 
 
 I need not ask what would be thought of such a stretch of discipline at present, when, even 
 in those days of rigour, it was exclaimed against as arbitrary and cruel. Digby appealed to 
 Cecil, as Chancellor of the University, and to Whitgift, as Visitor of the College during the 
 long vacancv of the see of Ely; and was very properly reinstated. I am ashamed to relate of the 
 master, that during this contest, finding himself not only deserted, but opposed and reproved 
 by his old patrons, he scrupled not to court the favour of Leicester — a conduct of which those 
 two excellent men expressed a very proper and dignified resentment. 
 
 Another ebullition of zeal and bigotry, which happened a few years after, contributed to 
 shorten his life. 
 
 One Barrett, a fellow of Caius College, in a " Concio ad Clerum," for the degree of B.D. 
 asserted, besides some other positions of less moment, that assurance of salvation did not amount 
 to absolute certainty; at the same time treating the names of Calvin, Beza, and Zanchy, with 
 a levitv and petulance certainly unbecoming his age and station. 
 
 The Regius Professor, with some other heads, took fire at this. Barrett was summoned 
 before them ; retracted ; then withdrew his retractation, and appealed to the archbishop, whose 
 sense of these abstruse questions seemed to approach more nearly to that of the culprit, than his 
 accusers. The heads, for a time, declined the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan ; then submitted;, 
 and, in tl'.e month of November I.i9"), Dr. Whitaker, together with Dr. Tindal, master of 
 (Queen's, waited on the Archbishop at Lambeth, and probably with his acquiescence, rather 
 than approbation, drew up the nine famous propositions, which Bishop Warburton, who was 
 far gone in the other extreme, calls the horrible Lambeth articles. 
 
 This was the last act of Dr. Whitaker's life*; a constitution previously broken by study, 
 much anxiety, a winter journey, and neglect of proper accommodations, all conspiring to bring 
 on a fever, which occasioned his death, Dec. 4, 1595, in the 48th year of his age. 
 
 This unexpected and melancholy event suspended Barret's, and indeed every other business 
 in the University ; the heads declaring, in a letter addressed about ten days after to the archbishop, 
 that they had hitherto been unable to attend to any thing else-|-. 
 
 He was interred at a vast expence, and with unusual demonstrations of sorrow, in the ante- 
 chapfl of his own college; but, as vehement griefs are short, a mean monument was afterwards 
 erected by the society, to record one of the greatest men that ever adorned it. 
 
 * II lias been remarked of Whitaker, Chamier, Ward, and other great divines of that time, who had undertaken to 
 fathom the abyss of Predestination, " onines operi esse immortiios." It wouUl have been marvellous if they had not, for 
 the question will survive till the consummation of all things. 
 
 t The fellows, however, were too much int' resftd in the event of a successor, to sit down in the same inactivity of 
 sorrow. Accordingly, on the thiid day after the master's decease, I find them, with their usual alacrity and dispatch 
 on these occasions, addressing Lord Burleigh, cither in London or at Burleigh, that their election might not be fore- 
 ftallcd bv a royal mandate. 
 
 The
 
 Book VI.— Chap. I.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. 497 
 
 The numerous elegies that adorned his hearse, prove the low state of Greek and Latin poetry 
 in that age ; and the only exercise I have observed among them, on which the praise of classi- 
 cal elegance can be bestowed, is a copy of Alcaic verses, subscribed " W. Bedell. Eman." after- 
 wards the apostolical bishop of Kilmore. 
 
 It is remarkable, that with a numerous family and limited income, together with «gratuitous 
 access to some of the best libraries of the kingdom, he had made a private collection of books, 
 so valuable, that the Queen desired to purchase it, but her application came too late. 
 
 Dr. Whitaker was undoubtedly a man of acute and strong understanding, exercised in tlie 
 most difficult questions of theology ; he was also celebrated by his contemporaries for the mild- 
 ness of his controversial style. M'hat they would have denominated rancour, it is difficult to 
 say, but religious asperity was the fault of the times. In private life he is described as gentle 
 and humane, extremely temperate, fond of no bodily exercises but archery and angling ; and of 
 no sedentary amusement but chess: of a mild though dignified deportment; and a robust and 
 vigorous conjititution (the effect perhaps of his native climate and early habits), which has 
 descended with little interruption, in his elder brother's house, to the last generation. I have 
 never been able to trace his descendants. 
 
 It would be an injury to this great man, whose life I have not written with the blind 
 partiality of an admiring relative, to suppress the two following panegyrics on his memory : — 
 " That honor of our schools, and angel of our Church, learned Whitaker, than whom our age 
 saw nothing more memorable. What clearness of judgment; what sweetness of style; what 
 gravity of person; what grace of carriage, was in that man. Who ever saw him without 
 reverence, or heard him without wonder f" Bishop Hall, Dec. 1st, Ep. 7. — "Quod unquam 
 seculuni tot tamque continua doctissimorum hominum busta funestarunt? Illam auream uber- 
 tatem, illam silvam hominum in omni artium genere prestantissimorum, quam non dico majorum 
 setas sed pueritia nostra vidit florentissimam, eam paene omnem juventus nostra vidit extinctam — 
 WHITAKERUM, Bezam, Zanchium, Junium ; addo etiam, alterius licet Musae, Scaligcros, 
 Lipsiumque, cum nondum per aetatem aestimare potuimus (proh dolor) amisimus." — Job. Hales 
 orat. fun. D. Thomas Bodley. 
 
 Having been favoured by the late learned and worth)' master of St. John's College, with 
 a perusal of the Bursar's books during the mastership of Dr. Whitaker and his succe.ssor, I have 
 transcribed from them the following memoranda. 
 
 In the compotus of 1588, the name of Mr. Digby has a line drawn through it, and appears 
 no more. 
 
 1591- To the Master, for his journey into Yorkshire - - - - - 
 
 Q. Whether to visit his friends or to inspect the College Estates, or both. 
 1G96. For Dr. Whittaker's Funeral, in part _.---- 
 
 Mr. Love, for Dr. Whittaker's Funeral ------ 
 
 Dolphin for the Funeral (wine) __-_.-- 
 
 To the butcher, for Dr. Whittaker's Funeral Feast _ - - - 
 To the Marbler, for Dr. Whittaker's tombe 
 
 It would not have deserved twice the money at present. 
 
 3s 
 
 ^.s. 
 
 d. 
 
 5 10 
 
 8 
 
 8 u 
 
 S 
 
 32 
 
 11 
 
 36 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 6 13 
 
 4 
 
 n,
 
 498 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. Book VI. —Chap. L 
 
 Dr. JOHN WOLTON, Bishop of Exeter. 
 
 After the account given of this Prelate by my learned and excellent friend Mr. Archdeacon- 
 Churton, in his Life of Dean Nowell, his uncle, I should not have inserted his name in this 
 catalogue for any other purpose, than to prove, after all which has been said to the contrary, 
 that he was really born at Whalley; for it appears from the register of Bishop Grindal, when. 
 Bishop of London, that at an ordination holden April 25th, I560, among others was ordained 
 priest John Wolton, born at Whaley, in Cheshire, aged 23. So says Strype ; adding, "after- 
 wards Bishop of Exeter." 
 
 I have not an opportunity of consulting the original register, but have no doubt, that either 
 Cheshire is an original mistake of the secretary for Lancashire, or that the entry was Dioc. 
 Cestr. which the biographer carelessly read Com. Cestr. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 Book VT.— Chap. H.] HISTORY OF VVHALLEV. 499 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF DOMESTIC 
 
 ARCHITECTURE, ^c. 
 
 A. GENERAL history of English oeconomics, if executed with taste and spirit, wonid be an 
 amusing and interesting work. The following observations embrace only the subject of a single, 
 though important chapter, in such a volume, extend merely over a remote provincial district, 
 and are animated by little more than an ardent desire of investigating every appearance which 
 can illustrate the manners of our ancestors. 
 
 Into what recesses of their native woods the inclemencv of this climate drove the Setantii, 
 what caves they scooped out of the earth, or what cabins thev framed for shelter, it were 
 now as idle to inquire, as it would be to investigate where the foxes of those days burrowed, 
 or the ravens built their nests. Their attempts to lodge or secure themselves were slight and 
 indolent; in fact, they were careless of self-accommodation, and at a time when whole tribes 
 must have been convoked to rear the massy columns of a temple, they seem to have had no 
 conception of the use of stone in the construction of dwellings, or even for the purposes of for- 
 tification. Superstition is evidently the first and most active principle in the mind of a savage. 
 
 What was the general style and disposition of Roman villas, we know ; and those which had 
 been extended round the common centre of Coccium, if any such there were, would only difl^er 
 from those of Italy as the first erections of a planter in America vary from the house and offices 
 of an English gentleman at home. 
 
 The Saxons among us, without even the exception of churches, built universally with wood. 
 It is therefore no wonder, that after the lapse of eight centuries, every memorial of such struc- 
 tures should have perished. Besides, their houses, with some exceptions, adapted to their 
 general habits, would be rude, and low, and small. 
 
 After the Conquest, our native forests remaining with little diminution, the use of wood 
 in the construction of houses continued to be general ; and the first deviation from this practice 
 was introduced by the practice of kernelling and embattling manor-houses, of which more 
 hereafter. It is difficult to assign with exactness the aera of buildings which have no inscribed 
 dates, and of whose erection tliere are no records. But perhaps we may refer the oldest spe- 
 cimens of architecture in wood now remaining among us, to the time of Edward I. Instances 
 of this style are found alike in the halls of some ancient manor-houses and their gigantic barns, 
 which are little more rude than the other. The peculiar marks by which they are distinguislied 
 are these: — The whole structure has been originally a frame of wood-work, independent of 
 walls, the principals consisting of deep flat beams of niassy oak, naturally curved, and of which 
 each pair seems to have been sawed out of th,e same trunk. These spring from the ground, and 
 
 form
 
 500 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book VI.— Chap. II. 
 
 form a bold Gothic arch overhead : the spars rest upon a wall-plate, as that is again sustained 
 by horizontal spurs, grooved into the principals. It was then of no importance, that such 
 erections consumed great quantities of the finest ship timber ; and indeed the appearance of one 
 of these rooms is precisely that of the hull of a great ship inverted, and seen from within. 
 Specimens of tliis most ancient style, in perfection, are the old hall of the manor-house at 
 Samlesbury, and the Lawsing Stedes Barn, at Whaliey*. In the reign of Henry IV. we have 
 a specimen, in the hall at Radcliffj of a deviation from this primitive model : there the prin- 
 cipals have two springers ; one from the ground, another from a rude capital about eight feet 
 from the ground ; but the square of the building is considerably raised, and the arch encroaches 
 less upon the apartment within. The style of architecture in wood evidently kept pace with 
 that in stone; and when, in the time of Henry VII. the arch in stone-work became broader 
 and more depressed in the centre, a correspondent change was introduced in our ancient timber 
 buildings. Wooden pasterns, indeed, still descended to the ground, but they were now 
 become perpendicular, and square, and fluted. From the top of these, elegant and ornamental 
 springers received horizontal roof-beams, while all was still open to the roof above, and the 
 rafters continued to rest on a wall-plate. Thus the idea of a complete frame, independently of 
 the walls, was still preserved ; but the low basement story of stone, sometimes to be observed in 
 our most ancient buildings, now advanced to the square, though the cross-pikes are generally of 
 wood. This precisely describes the hall of Little Mitton, and another noble specimen of some- 
 what later date, the West wing of Samlesbury Hall, built by Sir Thomas Southworth, A.D. 
 1532, of which the outer wall, however, is of brick, and the earliest specimen of that material 
 with which I am acquainted, in the compass of this work. The wood employed in the con- 
 struction of this last mansion, must almost have laid prostrate a forest; and while the principal 
 timbers were carved with great elegance, and the compartments of the roof painted with figures 
 of saints, while the outsides of the building are adorned with profile heads of wood, cut in bold 
 relief, within huge medallions, it is curious to observe that the inner doors are without a pannel 
 or a lock, and have always been opened, like those of modern cottages, with a latch and string. 
 I am not sure that panneliing in wainscot was introduced before the reign of queen Elizabeth. 
 It is also remarkable, that in this house the boards of the upper floors, which are indeed massy 
 planks, instead of crossing, lie parallel to the joists, as if disdaining to be indebted to the other 
 for support. 
 
 Immediately on the disuse of timber buildings, the obtuse-arched roof was exploded, and a 
 flat roof, divided into square compartments by contignations of wood, was introduced, and con- 
 tinued in halls more than a century after. Here, however, for a time, the cross-timbers were 
 fluted, and the light perforated springers occasioned the transition to be less observed. These 
 were afterwards succeeded by plain corbels of stone, and the mouldings omitted. 
 
 The general decay of native woods occasioned an universal disuse of this material, in build- 
 ings, about the latter end of Henry Vlllth's time. The first instance of an entire hall-house 
 of brick and stone is Stubley, near Rochdale, unquestionably of that period; and in the reign of 
 Elizabeth, which was a new sera in domestic architecture, numbers of old timber-halls having gone 
 to decay, were replaced by strong and plain mansions of stone, yet remaining. 
 
 * Here, instead of «alls, there are nothing but oak boards, fixed diagonallv, like a Venetian blind. 
 
 This
 
 Book VI.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLET. 501 
 
 This may suffice to explain the general style in which our ancient mansions were constructed, 
 and the materials of which they were composed. 
 
 We will now consider more particularly their different classes and appropriate forms. 
 
 The mansions of our forefathers may be arranged, according to the descending scale of 
 society, in the following order : 
 
 1. The castle: 2. The castlet, peel, or tower; 3. The ancient unembattled manor-house; 
 4. The greater and less embattled mansion of Queen Elizabeth or James I ; 5. The ordinary 
 hall-house; G. The farm-house ; 7. The cottage. 
 
 or the first, enough has already been said, both in the present Work and many oihers. 
 
 With respect to the second, independently on the incursions of the Scots, who frequently 
 penetrated, in their marauding excursions, to the South of Clitheroe or Whalley, in times of 
 turbulence and bloodshed, when family feuds often ended in slaughter, the lord of a manor, or 
 considerable land-owner, would frequently deem himself unsafe in the protection of an ordinary 
 dwelling-house, even against a neighbour. Such was the origin of the castlet, tower, or peel, 
 of which we have several instances remaining, as others are preserved by tradition. 
 
 Of this kind, and erected unquestionably with this view, is the south wing of Townley, 
 extremely strong, and till lately furnished with the corbels of a machicolation. Another spe- 
 cimen was the tower, and probably the older castle of Hapten. Another was, the tower of 
 Bearnsbaw, in Hundersfield, though near the verge of Cliviger, of which there are some 
 remains. Hellefield Peel, in Craven, was a complete specimen of this style ; such, in short, 
 were the border-houses in general : single towers, that is, of several stories, contrived for the 
 reception of cattle beneath and a family above, and well calculated for resistance against a sudden 
 assault by a small number of defendants. 
 
 3. Of the ancient unembattled manor-house. — With whatever material these mansions were 
 constructed, all agreed in one circumstance; that they surrounded a quadrangle, as they 
 were generally defended by a moat. This last precaution supplied the want of strength in their 
 walls and gates. The quadrangular style of building, probably derived from the general form 
 of Roman villas in Britain, and adopted by our Saxon ancestors, was copied and extended in 
 the cloistered courts of monasteries, colleges, and hospitals ; indeed in all erections of which the' 
 object was not so much defence as sequestration and partial confinement. Mr. Whitaker (Hist, 
 of Manchester, vol. H. 4to.) has given a well-imagined sketch of an early baronial mansion, which 
 exactly coincides with this idea ; and he has discovered, in the ancient parsonage of Man- 
 chester, the remains of a similar structure — " The ([uadrangular form (as he truly observes) 
 was the unvarying economy of such houses :" and it seems to have included, with greater 
 attention to convenience than to delicacy, at least in some instances, the barns, stables, and other 
 
 offices *. 
 
 Et pecus et domiiios coiniiiuni clauclcrel umbra. 
 
 * After this was written, I saw with a mixture of pleasiire and surprize, the folTbwing passage in the Crit. Review 
 for March last : " After the numerous elucidations which have been tlirown on the ecclesiastic and castellated style of 
 " gothic architecture, we ha\e always regretted that a work of some extent had not been dedicated to the domestic 
 " architecture of our ancestors, from the cottage to the tower." — It is not impossible, that at some future period these 
 hints may be expanded to a work of some extent. 
 
 The
 
 502- HISTOKY OF WHALLEY. [Book VI.— Chap. H. 
 
 The ruanor-house of Alvetliam appears, from the foundations, to have been quadrangular, 
 as it was certainlv moated. Salesbury Hall, constructed partly of wood and partly of stone, lias 
 been quadrangular also. Radclift' Tower * has already been considered, and Samlesbury, of 
 which only two sides now appear. 
 
 Of the same form have been many of the most o])ulent parsonage-houses in England, emu- 
 latin;^, at an humble distance, the monastic or collegiate style, to which the taste and habits of 
 their builders would naturally direct them. 
 
 The only specimen in the neighbourhood-}-, of a true baronial residence, with an upper 
 and base court, is Houghton Tower, which crowns the summit of its lofty ridge, and from its 
 extent appears, at a distance, almost like a fortified town. Here the stables, and other offices of 
 the farm, constitute the lower court, in exact conformity to Andrew Borde's directions for the 
 construction of great houses, 1")4^. 
 
 4th. Next is the embattled house of Elizabeth or James I. This was of two kinds, the 
 greater and the less : one, an im.provement upon the rude quadrangle; the other, an expansion 
 of the ancient castlet ; one luminous and magnificent, with deep projecting bow- windows ; the 
 other lofty, square, compact ; and both proving themselves to be the works of tranquil times, at 
 liberty to sacrifice strength to convenience, and security to sunshine. Of such houses it is a well- 
 known complaint of Lord Bacon, •' that one knows not where to become, to be out of the sun." 
 
 Stonyhurst is a noble specimen of the first kind, though it has never been completed. It is 
 at present rather more than half a quadrangle, with a magnificent gateway, disgraced by two 
 heavy modern cupolas ; a large hall, with a screen, and bow-windows adorned with armorial 
 bearings in painted glass; a large "chamber of state |'," now a drawing-room, a gallery, and 
 chapel, besides other apartments, all on a large scale. The air and effect of the whole is that of 
 something between a castle and a college. Had the quadrangle been entire, it would have been 
 greatly superior to the only house I have seen much resembling it, viz. Hardwick, in Derby- 
 shire, built by the famous Countess of Shrewsbury. The aera of its erection has been already 
 ascertained. 
 
 Another example of this disposition of apartments, though infinitely inferior, is Dunken- 
 . halgh, of which I ascribe all the additions to the old house of the Rishtons, to Sir Thomas 
 Walmsley. But the old hall, now the kitchen, if yet existing, stands upon crooks, and is of 
 high antiquity. 
 
 Of the second species, the parish affords a single and perfect specimen in Gawthorp, which 
 has already been described and engraved. 
 
 The characteristic accompaniments of these houses within, were huge arched fire-places in 
 iheir halls and kitchens; chimney-pieces in their "chambers of state" richly carved, and 
 adorned with armorial bearings in wood, stone, or alabaster, much in the style of contemporary 
 monuments, raised hearths, long and massy tables of oak, bedsteads of the same, frequently 
 iidayed^, and from their bulk calculated to last for centuries ; portraits upon boards; and, in 
 short, a whole system of internal ornament and accommodation, intended to resist the ravages 
 
 * Tlicse, indeed, were partly embattled. 
 
 t It is without the verge of the original parish. " , 
 
 ; Andrew Borde, ubi supr. 
 
 § Inlaying oak with arms, cyphers, scrolls, Ac. in white wood, began about the end of Elizabeth's reign. 
 
 of
 
 [Book VI.— Chap. IF. HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 503 
 
 of time, without an idea of the revolutions of fashion. One apartment, seldom omitted in 
 houses of this rank and date, but never found in those of higher antiquity, was a long gallery for 
 music and dancing, sometimes 150 feet long; a proof that the hall was now beginning to be 
 deserted. At all events, the practice of dining in these great apartments at different tables, 
 according to the rank of the guests, was scarcely continued below the Restoration. Till that 
 time, however, the old train of " Sewers and Senescalls" were mostly kept up. But the general 
 interruption of old hospitality, in great houses, occasioned by the civil wars, and afterwards the 
 introduction of foreign manners, in consequence of the return of the roval family and their 
 numerous dependents, occasioned a total revolution in domestic economy, and consequently in 
 architecture. The great hall of Lambeth was indeed rebuilt by archbishop Juxon, who perhaps 
 thought the old style best became the gravity of an archiepiscopal palace; but it was probably 
 the last specimen; and, in the reign of Charles II. the sash-window and model of the square 
 modern house were first imported from Italy. The new taste, first introduced near the capital, 
 gradually spread into the remotest districts. As our old mansions decayed, they were rebuilt 
 after the new form ; and those which remain have been preserved, not so much by the care as 
 by the desertion or extinction of the families to which they belonged. In addition to this change 
 of style without, the introduction of mahogany, about a century ago, formed a new sera in the 
 history of internal accommodation. 
 
 Next is the ordinary hall-house: — 
 
 A class of buildings, of which the specimens are as numerous as the middle or lower rank of 
 gentry two centuries ago, and as substantial as their old inhabitants were robust. This form is 
 of very high antiquity; consisting of a thorough lobby, an hall, with a parlour beyond it on one 
 side, and kitchens and offices on the other. In this respect, no change took place upon the 
 general erection of stone houses in the reign of Elizabeth ; and whoever wishes to see in what 
 manner the inferior gentry were lodged, three or four centuries ago, will inform and congra- 
 tulate himself at once, by studying the (irange of Whailev *. This is a valuable specimen ; for, 
 though we know pretty well how the peer, the monk, the knight, the lord of a manor, were 
 lodged at that period, we should, by no other instance that I know of, have been able to form a 
 guess at the accommodations of the next inferior rank. The general arrangement, therefore, of 
 this building, is what hath been already described. The whole rested upon crooks of the oldest 
 form ; the windows were aj)ertures about six inches wide, not originally intended for glass ; the 
 floors of clay, the chimney wide and open, the partitions of rude oak ; the apartments, one 
 only excepted, low and narrow. So lived our yeomanry and smaller gentry of old I and such, 
 probably, their houses continued, down to the beginning of Elizabeth, when the forests and the 
 old houses being generally decayed together-}-, and a period of great tranquillity commencing, a 
 
 * 1 conceive that the agent and bailiSs of the abbey resided in this house. 
 
 t There were, however, in tlie neighbourhood, stone houses of a nnich eailier date, indicated by a peculiar species 
 of masonry, which consists of deep, i-ude, and irregular course.-!, piled up at random, with scarcely the stroke of a 
 chksel or even hammer upon them. Many of the stones appear, upon inspection, to be of that peculiaj- kind, which 
 in Cliviger, Worsthorn, &c. has been spread, more or less, over the whole surface of the ground^ and is easily dislin- 
 gui=.hable from quariy-stone by " shakes" or fissures, and by nuclei of iron-stone. These appearances afford a strong 
 presumption that the buildings in which they are found were constructed at or soon after the time when the lands around 
 them were essartcd and cleared for cuhivation. Remaining specimens of this manner of building in the parish, the 
 South wing of TowLley, the kitchen end of Barcroft, one wing of the house at He.-andforth, and till within the last 
 twelve years, the old chapel at Holme, which had only six courses of miisoniy from the groundwork to the square. 
 
 general
 
 50+ HISTORY Ol< WHALLEY. [Book VI.—Chap. II. 
 
 general spirit of stone-building, in this rank began, especially in the neighbourhood of Burnley. 
 Fulledge, Rowley, Ormerod; Hnrstwood, and part of Holme, having certainly been built 
 during this reign, as was Banktop a little earlier, and the principal part of Barcroft somewhat 
 later. In all these the original form was retained, though with great enlargements. On the 
 right of the entrance was the hall, lighted usually by one great range window, a massy table 
 beneath ; at the lower end a gallery for music, or to connect the apartments above: and a fire- 
 place, embracing in its amjile span almost all the width of the room, the Christmas scene of 
 rude and boisterous festivity : beyond was uniformly a parlour, where, till the days of our 
 grandfathers, on a ground floor paved with stone, disdaining, or unacquainted with, the accom- 
 modation of carpets, and in an oaken bedstead, massy as the timbers of a modern house, slept 
 the hardy master and mistress. Here their offspring first saw light ; and here too, without a 
 wish to change their habits, fathers and sons in succession resigned their breath. It is not 
 unusual to see one of these apartments transformed into a modern drawing-room; where a 
 thoughtful mind can scarcely forbear comparing the present and past ; the spindled frippery of 
 modern furniture, the frail but elegant aj)paratus of a tea-table, the general decorum, the equal 
 absence of every thing to afflict or to transport, with what has been heard or seen or felt within 
 the same walls, the logs of oak, the clumsy utensils, and above all, the tumultuous scenes of 
 joy or sorrow, called forth perhaj)s by the birth of an heir, or the death of an husband, in minds 
 little accustomed to restrain the ebullitions of passion. 
 
 In the windows of such houses, and their contemporary mansions of the rank immediately 
 above them, are often found remains of a painted glass, in a style which seems to have been 
 fashionable about the beginning of the last century. They consist of arms, cyphers, figures of 
 animals, personifications, &c. of which the drawing is extremely correct, but the colours faint 
 and dingy, very unlike the deep and glowing tints of the foregoing centuries. These were 
 probably of Flemish manufacture. 
 
 To complete the picture of these ancient and interesting mansions, we are to add huge 
 barns, long and low, with bending roofs; Irigh stone walls, grey with mosses and lichens; 
 courts and gardens, adorned with yews or other venerable evergreens, and backgrounds formed 
 of aged oaks, ashes, and sycamores, frequently overhanging deep glens, and inhabited by 
 colonies of rooks. 
 
 Let it not be thought a trifling or impertinent digression, if we now take a view of the 
 interior economy of the families who inhabited these houses from the reign of Elizabeth down 
 to the civil wars in the last century, or a little later. They were precisely in that station of 
 life which James I. pronounced to be the happiest in human society, i.e. beneath the rank of 
 a sheritt' and above that of a constable. Their system of life was that of domestic economy in 
 perfection. Occupying large portions of his own domains, working his land by oxen, fattening 
 the aged, and rearing a constant supply of young ones; growing his own oats, barley, and 
 sometimes wheat; making his own malt, and furnished often with kilns for the drying of corn 
 at home, the master had constant and pleasing occupation in his farm, and his cottagers regular 
 employment under him. To these operatifnis the high troughs, great garners, and chests, yet 
 remaining, bear faithful witness. Within, the mistress, her maid-servants, and daughters, 
 were occupied in spiiming flax for the linen of the family, which was woven at home. Cloth, if 
 not always manufactured out of their own wool, was purchased by wholesale, and made up into 
 
 clothe.s
 
 Book VI.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 50t 
 
 clothes at home also. They had much plate and few books, but those generally theological. 
 Yet the grammar-schools, not then perverted from their original purpose, diffused a general 
 tincture of classical literature. Their simple way of life required little arithmetic; but tliey 
 kept a rude kind of day-books (from some of which, accompanied with ancient inventories, tliis 
 account has been collected), and in the old figures, Arabic numerals not having yet been 
 generally introduced. 
 
 The fortunes of daughters were partly paid in cattle, or even oatmeal ; and the wardrobe of a 
 wife, which was to last for life, was conveyed by oxen in a bride-wain, much adorned, and a 
 chest enriched with carving. 
 
 This is the pleasing side of the picture. — On the other hand, the men were rough and bois- 
 terous, and quarrelsome : their feasts, though generally regulated by the festivals of the 
 diurch, were banquets of Lapithae and Centaurs ; but it required the oeconomy of half a life to 
 enable men in this rank to afford to die, for their funerals were scenes of prodigality not to be 
 described. I have seen the accounts of an executor, in the "sober" times of the common-wealth, 
 from which it appears, that at the funeral of an ordinary gentleman, in the chapelry of Burnley, 
 ^.47 (more than treble that sum at present) were consumed almost entirely in meat and 
 drink: 10.$. indeed, were allowed to the preacher for a sermon ; by which his congregation, no 
 doubt, were well prepared to edify in the evening ; and 5«. to the scholars, for verses on the 
 deceased. So low had this species of flattery (which is still continued, and sometimes brings out 
 very elegant compositions in the universities) then descended. Still their intemperance, though 
 enormous at some seasons, was rather periodical than constant : their farming operations would 
 ordinarily keep them employed. They had however no planting*, gardening, or music, some 
 one of which, at least, a country gentleman now requires ; for fishing they had few opportu- 
 nities; shooting flying was unknown, though nets were much in use; if they addicted them- 
 selves to hunting, which is always a social diversion, they grew idle and sottish, and their 
 estates, not of magnitude enough to bear neglect, always went to ruin. 
 
 Next in the scale is the old farm-house, of which I could point out some specimens from 
 three to four centuries old, supported on crooks -J-, low, dark, and picturesque. But great 
 numbers of these, from dates and other circumstances, appear to have been re-built early in the 
 last century, and they were evidently abridgments of the hall ; for in these the lower wing is 
 completely cut off, the hall is become an " house," the screen contracted to a " speere J," and 
 the great arch supplanted by an oaken mantle-tree; but the parlour still maintains its relative 
 situation and ancient use. In these dwellings, driven as to their last retreat, are seen many 
 remains of antient furniture, which have seen better houses and better days ; the long table, 
 the carved " armary," the dated wardrobe, all, when under the hands of a good housewife, 
 bright and clean ; and here " the smoky rafters," loaded with winter provisions, and the great 
 
 * Their oak-woods mostly grew up of themselves : the first artificial plantations, which were of Scotch fir, com- 
 menced about a century ago. 
 
 f I much doubt whether there are any specimens of crooks in houses or barns, later than the time of Henry Vlll. 
 By crooks are meant arched timbers ascending from the ground to the loof. The large barns which succeeded, were 
 constructed with perpendicular columns of timber, forming something like a nave and two side ailes. 
 
 X This word is found in the old ballad of the heir of Linne, but does not appear to have been understood by Dr. 
 Percy. It is a partial screen of wainscot, where lh«re is no lobby, between the door and ihe fire. 
 
 3 T chests
 
 506 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK VI.— Chap. II. 
 
 chests (like the Cistie Stiffylog* of the Welch) rammed with oatmeal, which is calculated to 
 outlast the year, fill the mind with pleasing ideas of rustic plenty and antient simplicity. 
 Happy would it be if these blessings were always accompanied with temperance in the use, and 
 a sense of gratitude to the Giver. 
 
 Last in this view, though first perhaps in that of humanity and religion, is the Cottage; a 
 structure of which, frail as it is, many instances remain in the nether town of Whalley, anterior 
 (as appears by the decisive evidence of their timbers) to the dissolution of the abbey. These 
 are single apartments without chambers, open to their thatched roofs, and supported upon 
 crooks. The modern dwellings of our poor, from the durable materials which compose them, 
 are productive of more comfort than those of most other countries, to their humble inhabitants. 
 For here are no wattled and clay-built cabins, pervious to wind and weather ; no shivering 
 wretches, crippled for want of shelter or of fuel ; but before the present disastrous season their 
 condition was comparatively easy. Yet even then, what sums were levied upon the frugal 
 industry of the farmer, by idleness and excess ! Evils which nothing but an attentive and 
 vigilant execution of the laws will ever palliate. Improvidence, combined with indocility, is 
 another feature in their character ; and a general aversion (which nothing but the horrors of 
 famine have been able to subdue) to cheap soups, and other frugal preparations of coarse animal 
 food, too^ether with an obstinate neglect of the old gardens and orchards, which often lie 
 unfenced and trodden down before their doors, opposes another obstacle to the improvement of 
 their condition. 
 
 Some, indeed, will every where be found, of more flexible natures and more teachable 
 understandings ; but such, I fear, is the general character of our peasantry, that excepting at 
 seasons like the present, which compel them to do what they are enjoined, and to receive what 
 is provided for them ; he who shall undertake to feed or to instruct them, in ways to which 
 they have not been accustomed, may applaud his own good fortune if he meet with no other 
 return than neglect. 
 
 * See Pennant's Snowdonia, p. 116.
 
 Book VI.— Chap. II.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 507 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The History of Whalley being now completed, it may not be improper to take a parting 
 view of the whole subject. We have surveyed then a bleak and barren district on the western 
 side of the English Appenine, traced the few remains of its original inhabitants ; and investi- 
 gated the progress of the Roman conquests — their settlements at Coccium, their elegance and 
 skill in arts, their decline, and final departure. We have next beheld a rude unlettered tribe 
 from the forests of Germany, availing themselves of the abandoned and depopulated state of 
 the country, to introduce their laws and language (the basis of our own), to fix by their set- 
 tlements the sites of our present towns and villages, and in general, to form the rudiments of 
 our present manners and habits. We have traced, under this period, the origin of one eccle- 
 siastical establishment, which, besides laying the foundation of a great religious house, has, in 
 the progress of population, been branched into six dependent parishes, and nearly forty 
 subordinate chapelries. We have next considered the effects of the Norman conquest on the 
 state of property : seen the gradual surrender of our primitive manors to the superior lord, 
 and the successive grants of the same to a new race of feudal chiefs, the ancestors of many 
 antient families yet subsisting. 
 
 From this survey, some reflections naturally arise. 
 
 And, first, it is impossible to take a view of the pedigrees which swell the second part of 
 this work, without being struck by the long uninterrupted descent of so many estates in the 
 same families. 
 
 This fact may be accounted for, from causes partly favourable to morals and partly not ; 
 such as the universality of marriages (a certain effect of chastity), want of curiosity or ambi- 
 tion, and therefore constant residence at home ; domestic amusements, more gross than costly ; 
 and an indisposition to change of habits. Moreover in these descents, the most superficial 
 observer will not fail to remark the frequency and facility of divorces before the Reformation. 
 These are to be explained, not on the principles of such separations at present, but from the 
 craft of the canonists, who bound hard, that they might be paid for loosing again. Ac- 
 cordingly such marriages were often annulled, as being within the prohibited degrees; but 
 they were more generally espousals merely, formed in childhood, which subsequent attach- 
 ments inclined the parties to dissolve. Another general remark will be, that the law of primo- 
 geniture is, on the whole, not very favourable to the oldest son : the Townleys, Southworths, 
 and Sherburnes, indeed, produced some military characters, and they were undoubtedly 
 assisted in their way to eminence, by the number of their dependents. But those who have 
 distinguished themselves in the other walks of life, have been generally younger brethren of 
 families. The present work exhibits one literary character alone, who was possessed of the 
 
 family estate. 
 
 Again, those opulent houses, whose property is not to be traced to a feudal origin, have 
 been generally raised by the profession of the law. Some indeed, have grown to consequence 
 by habits of oeconomy, and gradual accumulation. But a new principle is now introduced, 
 which threatens gradually to absorb the whole property of the district within its own vortex. 
 
 I 
 
 mean
 
 509 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Book VI.— Chap II. 
 
 I mean the nrinciple of manufactures, aided by the discoveries lately made in the two dan- 
 gerous sciences of Chemistry and Mechanics. The operation of this principle is accompanied 
 with another effect, of which it is impossible to speak but in the language at once of sorrow 
 and indio-nation. Indeed it can only be considered as so much pure unmixed evil, moral, 
 medical, relio'ious, and political. In great manufactories, human corruption, accumulated in 
 large masses, seems to undergo a kind of fermentation, which sublimes it to a degree of 
 malignity nut to be exceeded out of Hell I 
 
 On the other hand, society languishes by dispersion. In those parts of the district before 
 u?, of which the population is scattered in inconsiderable villages, civilization is in a very back- 
 ward state. Farmers and husbandmen are, of all mankind, least impressible with the truths of 
 religion. Selfish, fraudulent, unfeeling, intemperate, with rigid nerves and firm health, the 
 hour of sickness, accident, or distress, is to be awaited, and that generally in vain, in order to 
 awaken them to a sense of their real state. Besides, in such situations, religious offices are 
 seldom performed with animation or effect. The practice of medicine, from distance, want of 
 adequate rewards, and other causes, labours under equal disadvantages. In cases of sudden alarm, 
 those onlv who have resided in such situations, know the distress arising from the want of 
 prompt and skilful medical assistance. I have heard of an instance, within the compass of this 
 work, in which a blacksmith was called to bleed a dutchess. 
 
 Lastly, the police of these districts is next to nothing : for the lower order of people, edu- 
 cated without domestic discipline, have no conception of exercising or submitting to authority 
 in civil life. Blackstone somewhere expresses an apprehension of harm, from acquainting 
 people of the rank of constables with the extent of their own authority : it may indeed now 
 and then be the case, that an half-witted, forward fellow, in such an office, will be very trou- 
 blesome ; but timidity, indecision, and above all a slavish fear of blame, are the general 
 characteristics of these people ; so that you shall have fifty Vcrges's to one Dogberry. 
 The same observations will apply to the important office of a churchwarden. 
 In manufacturing towns and districts, of which we have several, there is more religion, but 
 there is more fanaticism : the sedentary habits and feeble constitutions of artizans or mechanics 
 predisposing them to religious impressions, while the weakness of their understandings exposes 
 them to every delusion which it requires any power of discrimination to detect. How deli- 
 cate and difficult is the office of the established Clergy in such situations; how diligently ought 
 they to watch over the multitudes of souls committed to them ; how carefully to feed them with 
 food at once wholesome and palatable at home, that they may not seek the latter, without 
 attendinjr to the former, abroad ! 
 
 In such situations, however, on the whole, society has greatly the advantage : religious 
 offices will be better performed and attended ; the other professions more skilfully exercised ; 
 the police more exactly regulated ; and charity more liberally and systematically administered.
 
 509 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 POPULATION OF THE ORIGINAL PARISH of VVH ALLEY, 
 
 According to the Census A,D. l8oi. 
 
 PRESENT PARISH OF WHALLEY. 
 
 Forests of Blackburnshire. 
 
 *Rossenciale 949'2 
 
 fPendle 3294 
 
 Accrington 2'246 
 
 Trawdeii 1443 
 
 Ightenhill Pai k 126 
 
 16,601 
 
 Forest of Boulaud. 
 No Return obtained. 
 
 Wfrnlley, with the Seven dependent 
 Townships 
 
 Township of Wlialley 876 
 
 Wiswall 349 
 
 Little Mitton, Henthorn, and 
 
 Coldcoats 76 
 
 Pendleton 914 
 
 Read 311 
 
 tPadiham 21 IS 
 
 Simonstone 298 
 
 Hapton 395 
 
 5337 
 
 Chapelnj of Burnley. 
 
 Township of Burnley 3305 
 
 Habergham Eaves 1919 
 
 Cliviger 1058 
 
 Briercliff, with Extwisle and 
 Woi-sthorn 1399 
 
 7681 
 Chapelry of Colne. 
 
 Towiship of Colne 3626 
 
 Folrig S33 
 
 Marsden 2322 
 
 6781 
 
 Portionsif the Parish lying between 
 the Colder and Hijndburne. 
 
 Accrington Vetus 831 
 
 Altham 328 
 
 Clayton-Ie- Moors 1130 
 
 Church 323 
 
 Oswaldtwisle 2710 
 
 Haslingden 4040 
 
 Huncote not returned 
 
 9362 
 
 Portions of the Parish lying be- 
 tween Pendle and Ribble. Cha- 
 pelry of Clitheroe- 
 
 tlitheroe 1368 
 
 Chatburn and Worsten 543 
 
 Merlay Mag. et Parv 75 
 
 Chapelry of Downhavi. 
 
 Downhani 470 
 
 Twistoa 189 
 
 2645 
 Total Population of the ■) 48407 
 
 present Parish S ' ' ' ' 
 
 Parish of Blackburn. 
 
 Township of Blackburn 1 1,980 
 
 Walton, not returned. 
 
 Cuenlale 
 
 Sanilesbury 
 
 Balderston 
 
 Osbaldeston 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Duikley and Wilpshire .... 
 
 Billington 
 Harwood Mag. 
 Harwood Parv. 
 
 Ribhton 
 
 Clayton-le-Dale 
 Ranisgre\e .... 
 Over Darwen . . 
 Lower Darwen . 
 Tock holes .... 
 
 Mellor 
 
 Witton 
 
 Pleasington ... 
 
 Ecclcshill 
 
 Livesey 
 
 . 170 
 . 1664 
 . 615 
 . 252 
 . 236 
 . 472 
 . 844 
 . 1659 
 . 104 
 . 1051 
 . 419 
 . 298 
 .3587 
 .1646 
 . 75s 
 , 1439 
 . 461 
 . 614 
 . 346 
 . 1184 
 
 29,799 
 
 Parish of Rochdale. 
 
 Castleton 5460 
 
 Hundcrsfield 106/1 
 
 Butter^vorth 3923 
 
 Spotland 9031 
 
 Saddleworth 10665 
 
 39,750 
 
 Parish of Bibchester. 
 
 Township of Rochester 1172 
 
 Dilworth 524 
 
 Dutton 3S8 
 
 2084 
 Parish of Chipping. 
 
 Township of Chipping 827 
 
 Thornley with Wheatley 387 
 
 1214 
 Parish of Mitton. 
 
 Township of Mitton 242 
 
 Aie:hton SIO 
 
 BaUey 251 
 
 Chargeley 1 99 
 
 Bashal 310 
 
 Bradford 328 
 
 Waddington 466 
 
 Griiileton 915 
 
 3521 
 
 Parish of Sladeburne. 1385 
 
 Parish of VVhalley 4S407 
 
 Blackburn 29799 
 
 Rochdale 39750 
 
 Kibchester 2084 
 
 Chipping 1214 
 
 Mitton 3.521 
 
 Total Population of the 
 original Parish, as far 
 as the Returns have 
 been obtained. 
 
 J 124,775 
 
 * Some parts of Rosseiul.ile .ire returiieJ under H:\slingden. 
 f Some parts of Pendle Forest are returned under Padiham. 
 
 POPULA-
 
 ( 510 ) 
 
 POPULATION OF THE ORIGINAL PARISH of WHALLEY, 
 
 According to the late Census, A.D. l8l 1. 
 
 PRESENT PARISH OF WHALLEY. 
 
 Forests of Blackbwnshire. 
 
 Rossendale 13,199 
 
 Pendle 4215 
 
 Accrington 23S1 
 
 Trawden 1941 
 
 Ightenhill Park I07 
 
 Extra parochial lUl 
 
 22,954 
 
 Forest of Bmdand. 
 No Return obtained. 
 
 Whalley, with the seven dependent 
 Toxcnships. 
 
 Township of Whalley 1004 
 
 Wiswall 4SS 
 
 Little Mitten, Henthorn, and 
 
 Coldcoats . 
 
 Pendleton 93O 
 
 Read 419 
 
 Padiham 2556 
 
 Simonstone 336 
 
 Hapton 533 
 
 6342 
 Chapelry of Burnley. 
 
 Township of Burnley 4368 
 
 Habergham Ea\ es 2839 
 
 Cliviger II93 
 
 Briercliffe, with Extwistle 1220 
 
 Worsthorn 309 
 
 9929 
 Chapelry of Colne. 
 
 Township of Colne 5336 
 
 Foliig 1032 
 
 Marsden 2876 
 
 9244 
 
 Portions of the Parish lying be- 
 tween the Calder and Uyndburne. 
 
 Accrington Vetus 885 
 
 Altham 333 
 
 Clayton-le-Moors 1433 
 
 Church 474 
 
 Oswaldlwisle 3512 
 
 Haslingden 5127 
 
 Huncote 514 
 
 12,318 
 Portions of the Parish lying be- 
 tween Pendle and the liibble. 
 
 Chapelry of Clitheroe. 
 
 Clitheroe 1767 
 
 Chatbvirn 4gi 
 
 Merlay Mag. et Parv 75 
 
 VVorston 157 
 
 2480 
 Chapelry of Downham. 
 
 Downhara 537 
 
 Twiston 215 
 
 752 
 
 Total Population of the I <;< nm 
 
 present Parish i ■■■ ^*'019 
 
 Parish of Blackburn. 
 
 Township of Blackburn 15,083 
 
 Walton 4776 
 
 Cuerdale 159 
 
 Samlesbury 1539 
 
 Balderston 636 
 
 Osbaldeston 27 8 
 
 Salisbury 295 
 
 Dinkley 250 
 
 Billington 893 
 
 Harwood Magna 16*6 
 
 Harwood Parva 126 
 
 Rishton 10S4 
 
 Clayton-le-Dale 520 
 
 Ramsgreve 4S4 
 
 0\er Darwen 4411 
 
 Lower Darwen 1S05 
 
 Tockholes 1077 
 
 Mellor 154S 
 
 Witton 819 
 
 Pieasington 599 
 
 Eccleshill 374 
 
 Livesey 1 126 
 
 Wilpshire 291 
 
 39,899 
 
 Parish of Rochdale. 
 
 Castleton 6723 
 
 Hundei-sfield 14.666 
 
 Butterworth 4872 
 
 Spotland 10,968 
 
 Saddle worth 12,579 
 
 Spotland, nearer side 3952 
 
 Spotland, faither side 70I6 
 
 60,776 
 Parish of Ribchester. 
 
 Township of Ribchester 1461 
 
 Dilworth S61 
 
 Dutton 440 
 
 2762 
 
 Parish of Chipping. 
 
 Township of Chipping 1007 
 
 Thornley with VVheatley 433 
 
 1440 
 
 Parish of Mitton. 
 
 Township of Mitton 254 
 
 Aighton "I 
 
 Bavley \ 1296 
 
 Chargeley J 
 Bashal * 
 
 Bradford 353 
 
 U'addington 1O08 
 
 Grinleton io22 
 
 4018 
 Parish of Sladeburne. 2)75 
 
 Parish of Whalley 64,019 
 
 Blackburn 39,899 
 
 Rochdale 60,776 
 
 Ribchester 2762 
 
 Chipping 1440 
 
 Mitton 4018 
 
 Sladeburn 217; 
 
 Total Population of the 
 original Parish, as far 
 as the Returnt have 
 been obtaineil, J 175,089 
 
 ve f 
 
 J 175,C 
 
 * Included in Waddington.
 
 ( 511 ) 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 P. 31. 
 
 I have lately inspected this camp more accurately, and have procured a sketch of it. The 
 area within the trenches amounts to four acres 30 perches, statute measure, and appears to have 
 been levelled with great exactness. 
 
 It has had a double wall and foss. The larger stones of the wall have, from time to time, 
 been removed ; but the smaller ones, which remain, universally bear marks of fire. The North 
 and East sides are rectilinear, but those on the South and West have followed the line of two 
 very precipitous banks, which have added greatly to the strength of the place. Immediately at 
 the foot of the Western rampart is a line of springs. 
 
 The site of this work was admirably calculated for a camp of observation, as it commands 
 the Vale of Calder, a considerable tract of Ribblesdale, all the high grounds, towards Accring- 
 ton and Haslingden, and the wildest parts of Pendle Forest. 
 
 P. 34. — HiGHWAi.L Well. 
 
 Highwall Well appears to have been the cold bath of the Abbey, for which purpose it is 
 singularly well contrived. It is walled with excellent hewn stone, about four feet and a half 
 deep, and is contracted, step by step, as follows : first, are two circles, the lower much nar- 
 rower than the higher; then a square, inscribed within the last circle; and beneath all, a rhom- 
 bus, inscribed within the last square. The convenience of this contrivance, for the purpose of 
 going in and getting out, as well as for immersion, is obvious. 
 
 Clerk Hill was sold by Richard Assheton and John Braddyll, the purchaser of Whalley Abbey, 
 to John Crombroke, for ^.15i2. 10s. Sd. in the Jth of Edward VI. It was described by the 
 name of" CierRhyll, otherwise Snelsow.'' The Crombrocks retained it to the year I699, when 
 they sold it to Thomas Whalley, for ^.735. Such has been the increase in the value of land 
 in this neighbourhood, in little more than a century, that this identical estate is stated to be 
 worth nearly ^.400 per annum. 
 
 Lower Clerk Hill was long the property of the Hammonds, from whom the great Dr. Henry 
 Hammond lineally descended. 
 
 P. 34, line 28. 
 This tumulus is called the Loe Hill, and is nearly 120 yards in circumference at the base, 
 more conical than sepulchral tumuli usually are, but less so than Saxon keeps when entire. 
 At a small distance are the remains of a large cairn of stones. In the summer of the year 1815 
 I obtained leave to dig into the Loe Hill, which appeared to be evidently artificial, as no part 
 of it was stratified. On the contrary, the whole, as far as the investigation proceeded, was 
 made up of large water gravel, mixed with exceedingly tough marie, of which there is a 
 bed by the river side. The labour and expence of removing such materials was found so great, 
 
 that
 
 512 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 tliat we were compelled to desist before we had arrived at the centre, so that unfortunately 
 nothing was found. I must not omit to add, that on a point of high woody ground washed by 
 the Calder, and where it formerly united with the Ribble, is a very deep trench, coujsisting of 
 about two thirds of an oval. The rest has been carried away by the current. As I have 
 little doubt that Loe Hill is either the sepulchral tumulus, or at least a memorial of Alric, I 
 think it higjily probable that this was a fortified post, made use of in the engagement, when he 
 was slain. 
 
 P. 49. — De Statu de Blagborneshire. 
 
 " Tempore Ethelberti Regis, qui coepit regnare A.D. DXCVI. Beatus Augustinus, 
 Anglorum Apostolus, missus per beatuni Gregorium Papam ail instantiam dicti regis, praedicavit 
 in Anglia. Fuit apud Whalley in Blagborneshire Ecclesia quaedam parochialis constructa in 
 honorem omnium sanctorum. In cujus quidem Ecclesice coemeterio erant cruces qua?dam 
 lapideae tunc erectje et vocataj a populo cruces SVi Augustini, quae sub eodem nomine usque 
 hodie ibi durant, appellataque erat tempore illo ecclesia supradicta Alba Ecclesia subtus Legh. 
 Infra fines autem ejusdcm Ecclesiae continebantur tota Blagbornshire et tota Bolaud, et sic 
 annis plurimis perdurabant. Post haec autem crescente fideliuin devotione, numeroque cre- 
 dentium augmentato in partibus illis, constructae fuerunt alise tres ecclesise infra Blagbornshire, 
 videlicet Ecclesia de Blagborne, Ecclesia de Chepyn, et Ecclesia de Riblechester ; parochiae 
 earundem Ecclesiarum ab invicem distinctae, et certis undique limitibus designatae. His autem 
 temporibus, dum dictae Ecclesiae taliter fuerint aedificatae, non erat in Blagborneshire, apud Cly- 
 derhow, vel alibi, castrum aedificatum, neque capella quaecunque praeter Ecclesias supradictas, 
 nee dominus aliquis qui patrocinium dictarum Ecclesiarum vindicaret, sed rector quilibet 
 terram et villam in qua Ecclesia sua fuerat situata tanquam dotem Ecclesiae suae tenuit et pos- 
 sedit, ipsamque Ecclesiam suam sic dotatam tanquam patrimonium suum gubernavit, succes- 
 sorem sibi de filiis suis vel amicis libere subi-ogavit, interveniente duntaxat acceptatione seu 
 institutione Episcopi Lichfeldensis; fuerantque diu rectores de Whalley et de Blagburn praecipue, 
 homines uxorati et domini villarum. Et quidam de Whalley, Decani non personae fuerunt 
 appellati. Cujus causa verisimilis aestimatur, quod, tempore fundationis ejusdem Ecclesiae, et 
 per tempora diu postmodum subsequentia, populus iliarum partium tam rarus fuerit tamque 
 indomitus et silvestris, tanta insuper vulpium et ferarum nocivarum ibidem extiterit multitude, 
 necnon locus quasi hominibus inaccessibilis videbatur, quod tam Episcopi quam officiales 
 eoruni, jurisdictionem ordinariorum, pertinentem ad oflicium communium Decanorum, praefatis 
 rectoribus reliquerunt, causis diflicilioribus duntaxat Episcopi reservatis. 
 
 Ac per hunc modum ordinabantur Ecclesiae usque ad tempus Regis Wilhelmi Conquestoris 
 scilicet per ccccLxx annos et postea usque ad concilium Lateranensc, prout ex antiquis et vera- 
 cibus Chronicis patet. Quis autem dominium de Blagborneshire tenebat ante tempus Regis 
 Wilhelmi, sub certo in Chronicis non habetur. Vulgaris opinio tenet et asserit quod quot fue- 
 rant viliae, vel mansae, vel maneria honiinum, tot fuerunt Domini, uedum in Blagbornshire 
 verum etiam in Rachdale, Totington, et Boland, quorum nuUus de alio tenebat, sed omnes in 
 capite de ipso rege. 
 
 Memorandum, quod rectores de Whalley, ab antique fuerant uxorati, et decani vocabantur, 
 tenebantque dictani Ecclesiam una cum Ecclesia de Rachdale jure quodam haereditario, ita 
 
 quod
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. {IS' 
 
 quod semper filius patri, vel frater fratri, vel alius parens proximior, haereditarie sucoe- 
 debat. Sic quod, defuncto quocunque Decano, statim filius ejus, &c. offerret se Domino 
 deBlagborneshiie tanquam haeredem proximum illarum Ecclesiarum, et acceptis ipsius Domini 
 literis hoc testantibus ad episcopum loci, presbyteros aliquos, in praedictis ecclesiis et earum 
 capellis servituros, ad eundem Episcopum cum suis et proefati domini literis transmitteret pro 
 cura parochianorum subeunda, vel saltern pro licentia et potestate ministrandi Ecclesiae sacra- 
 menta in eisdem Ecclesiis et Capellis. Et per istum modum regebantur Ecclesiae supradictae 
 usque ad Concilium Lateranum. 
 
 Et sciendum quod primus rector, sive Decaniis de Whalley, de quo in registro Diocesa- 
 norum Lichfeldiensium mentio reperitur, vel cujus nomen est in Chronicis vel apud plebem, 
 vocabatur Spartlingus, vocabatur Decanus de Whalley, cui successit Liwlphus Cutwolfe filius 
 suus et haeres, decanus ejusdem Ecclesiae appellatus. Post hunc successit Cudwolfus ejusdem 
 Ecclesiae Decanus. Huic successit Henricus senior haeres, similiter ejusdem Ecclesiae Decanus. 
 Post quem Robertus filius suus, et ejusdem Ecclesiae Decanus; et huic successit Henricus, junior, 
 filius et haeres. Cui successit Wilelmus Decanus. Post hunc successit Galfridus senior, ejus- 
 dem Ecclesiae similiter Decanus. Iste (Jalfridus senior desponsavit filiam D'ni Rogeri de Lascy, 
 tunc Domini de Blagborneshire. Huic etiam Galfrido successit Galfridus junior, filius suus et 
 haeres, ejusdem ecclesiae Decanus; cui successit Rogerus filius etiam suus et haeres, qui ultimus 
 ejusdem Ecclesiae extitit nominatus, nee ex tunc permittebatur successio haereditaria in Decanatn, 
 obstante Concilio Lateranensi. 
 
 Quamobrem dictus Rogerus continenter vixit et ad sacerdotalem se fecit ordinem promoveri ; 
 consideransque quod beneficia ecclesiastica non debebant ex tunc per concessionem haeredita- 
 riam occupari, volensque nobili viro Johanni de Lacy, com. Lincoln, et D"° de Blagbornshire 
 cognato suo placere, et jus patroiiatus totius Ecclesiae suae cum capellis sibi et haeredibus suis 
 transferre, cessit Rectoriae et Decanatui, solum sibi retinens, per assensum Episcopi, ejusdent 
 Ecclesiae vicariam : unde Dominus Comes ad personatum dictae Ecclesiae de Whalley, quendam 
 clericum suum Petrum de Cestria praesentavit. Oui quidem Petrus extitit primus ejusdem 
 Ecclesiae persona nominatus, atque ad praesentationem ejusdem comitis admissus et inductus 
 eandem Ecclesiam tenuit per totam vitam suam, videlicet per lix annos et amplius. Idem 
 tamen Petrus pro tempore dicti Rogeri non habuit de praefata Ecclesia nisi i- marcas annuatim ; 
 et dictus Rogerus totum residuum Ecclesiae habuit dum advixit nomine vicariae, prout in literis 
 praesentationis et institutionis dicti Petri, et ordinationis Episcopi inde factis, satis liquet. Huic 
 autem Petro successerunt in personatu praedicto religiosi viri abbas et conveiitus quondam de 
 Stanlaw, nuper de Whalley, et intraverunt in Manerium de Whalley, D"" (ireg. de Norbury, 
 tunc Abbate, vii Id. Ap. A.D. m.cc.xcvi. 
 
 P. 51, line 24. 
 
 This hypothesis is remarkably confirmed by a passage in Harding's Chronicle, wliich I have 
 since me.t with : 
 
 ftpnge Sirtljiire tjjcn in .%a(on ^0 OncD. 
 IBIjcc \)( teas burrico in a ^ijiipct fairr, 
 ©Ijicljc notoE ys mabc anb fuUp c&ificb ; 
 
 3 u 25ut
 
 514 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 25ut tben pt calfeo \aa4 t\)e b(art Cijappcl 
 <^f our llaDiic, fl? Cijroniclc^ can telle. 
 
 Tfiis black chapel seems to have been made of wood, but in the time of Harding it was 
 certainly " made, and fully edified," of stone. 
 
 P. 57. — Case of the Monks of Pontefract. 
 
 " ^uidam antecessorum Com. Lincolniae, Hugo de la Val nomine, dedit jus patronatus 
 Eccl. de Walley Priori et Conv. de Pontefracto, qui pra?sentaverunt ad earn successive A. B.C. 
 &c. qui omnes per Diocesanum admissi et instituti sunt. 
 
 Inter quos erat quidam nomine Sparlingo, quo defuncto successit ei quidam Liulphus qui 
 cognominabatur Cuttewlf, eo quod sedens quadam vice in foresta de Rossendale, ad Lednes- 
 tjreve respiciendo canes suos currentes, lupum quendam juxta se currentem decaudavit. Defuncto 
 vero Liulpho, quidam pra?decessor dicti Com% vacante dicto prioratu et in sua custodia existente, 
 preesentavit nomine custodis quendam Galfridum ad earn, qui duxit in uxorem filiani D"' 
 Gospatric de Samlesbury, de qua genuit filios et filias, de quorum progenie multi adhuc nobiles 
 in illis partibus manent. Defuncto Galfrido successit ei Galfridus filius ejus, quasi nomine 
 hsereditario, quo defuncto quidam Antecessor dicti Comitis praesentavit quendam Rogerum, et 
 postipsum Petrum de Cestria, praedictis priore et conventu reclamare non audentibus. 
 
 Vivente autem Petro de Cestria praedictus Comes dedit patronatum praedictae Ecclesiae de 
 Wallay Abb. et Conv. de Stanlavv, recepta prius ab illis litera obligatoria quod quotiescunque 
 vacaret praesentarent ad eam quem ipse vel haeredes sui vellent, nisi possent earn in proprios 
 usus impetrare; qua impetrata aumentarent numerum solitum monachorum, ita quod ab illo 
 tempore essent lx ubi prius fuerunt xl, et quod monasterium suum ad territorium dictae 
 Ecclesiae transferrent. Postea Nicholaus Papa iiii. concessit eis appropriationem ejusdem, 
 cedente vel decedente Rectore, salvis congruis portionibus pro vicaria. Postea papa Bonifacius 
 revocavit appropriationes concessas per praedictum praedecessorem, de quibus non habebatur ipso 
 die jus in re licet ad rem. 
 
 Postea decessit Petrus de Cestria xviii Kal. Jan. A. D. m.cc.xciv. ; quo defuncto praedictus 
 Hen. de Lacy comes tanquam in priore proposito non existens ingressus est ad praed. Ecclesiam, 
 dictos religiosos multis diebus excludendo, qui pro ingressu habendo remiserunt dicto comiti et 
 haeredibus suis quandam capellam infra limites dictae capellae existentem, valentem annuatim 
 c marcas, et alias multas libertates infra forestas dicti comitis dictae Ecclesiae ab antiquo spec- 
 tantes, ut venandi et omni tempore anni ad libitum capiendi. Et sic lectis ante fores dictae 
 Ecclesiae super his instrumentis, die Purificationis S. M. adepti sunt ingressum, nullum jus 
 ad appropriationem habentes, praesente populo non parvo et clamante V^ae vobis Simoniaci I 
 
 Postea composuerunt cum Rog. de Meuland tunc Episcopo appellante et sequestrum 
 jnterponente, de ccc marcis sterl. ; de quibus post obitum Episcopi satisfecerunt executoribus 
 dicti Ep. de c libris sterl. ; et sic pacto et praetio adepti sunt possessionem Ecclesiae, et sic per 
 lapsum XII ann. devolvitur collatio ejusdem ad Dn" Papani. 
 
 Ex praemissis patet quod dicti Prior et Conv^ habent cartam et seizinam quod non est 
 aliud quam prsesentatio cum effectu. Abbas et Conv. habent cartam solummodo eo quod nun- 
 quam praesentaverunt. 
 
 Ecclesia
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 51« 
 
 Ecclesia vero prsed. valet singulis annis ad minus deductis expensis d. marc. 
 
 Qualiter vero impetraverunt confirmationem praed. Papae Bonifacii, nulla facta mentione de 
 conventionibus praedictis, et confirmationem Episcopi, qui tunc temporis fuerit, pro m tiiarc 
 sterl., et confirmationem Capitulorum Cov. et Lichf. et loci Archdiaconi pro xv/. sterl. aiinuaa 
 pensionis, non est opus expriuiere. Et sciendum quod omnes rectores ejusdem Ecclesiae usq. ad 
 tempus D"' Petri de Cestria cognominabantur Decani et non Rectores. 
 
 Nuper decessit vicarius dictae Ecclesiae, cujus portiones secundum ordinationeni valebant c/. 
 sterl. et praesentatus est ad vicariam nuper ordinatam per D""™ Papam quidam Capellanus, 
 contra cujus ordinationem appellatum est per Episcopum et Archidiaconum, eo quod de jure et 
 de facto per annum et dimidium jam vacavit, devolvitur ad papam. 
 
 Such is this singular and important case, very artfully, but untruly stated, by the prior and 
 convent of Pontefract, or their advocates. In the first place, it was their object to prove the 
 jus in re, and therefore, forgetting that Hugh De la Val, from whom they derived their title 
 to the benefice, lived in the time of Stephen, they pretend to prove a presentation, in the 
 person of Liulphus Cudwlph, who lived before the Conquest. In the next place, they pretend 
 that an ancestor of the then Earl of Lincoln presented, during a vacancy, as patron of the 
 convent; and that, in consequence, on the next avoidance, the representative of the Lacy 
 family, presented as in his own right, but of this there is neither proof nor probability. 
 Delaval's Charter appears never to have been confirmed, in consequence of which defect his 
 grant to the priory of Pontefract was invalidated, and the advowson returned, with the other 
 estates of the Lacy family, to their former owners. 
 
 The later transactions which took place between the Earl of Lincoln, Bishop Meuland, and 
 the monks of Stanlaw, were shamefully sinioniacal, and the convent of Pontefract expose them, 
 con amove; but the value of the Rectory of Whalley was greatly overrated, 
 
 P. 82. 
 
 At the very time when this insurrection was suppressed, 1 find that the Earl of Sussex, then 
 lord lieutenant of Lancashire, had seated himself at Whalley Abbey, in order to extinguish the 
 last sparks of rebellion in a place which had been one great source and centre of it. For by a 
 letter to the King, dated April 6th, 28th Hen. VI H. the Earl represents the state of this 
 neighbourhood as follows: — " Wee, considering en what gode quietnes thes countrey is in nowe; 
 as wee thinke ther can noe subjects be more obedient and dudeful to ther sovereign lord and 
 kinge, can see noe cause, if yt may stande with your gracious pleasure that the abode ther of me 
 th' Earl of Sussex be much necessary. I therefore being minded— charge being geven to the 
 justices of your peaes in every quarter, to have a vigilent eye to the continuence of the same — 
 to take my journey." 
 
 Next follow some particulars with respect to Christopher Smith, the last prior of Whalley, 
 whom the Earl represents as " decrepted and aged, and his petition nowe is that, where the 
 house is bounde to keep twoo pr'sts within the parish-church of Whalley, the parishioners 
 whereof is above M"^ M"^ M^ people ; it may pleas your highness that he maye bee oone of 
 thoose twoo pr'sts, and to have VI or VII-^ a year for his stipend, which we think it shall be 
 a good and charitable ded, seeing that he hath been a monk in this house L years, and is almost 
 
 iiii"'!
 
 515 HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 iiii" years of age — not like long to continue." — This proves the abbot, who was Smith's imme- 
 diate senior, to have been an aged man also: it had been happy for liim had he fallen into the 
 same state of decrepitude with the Prior. 
 
 It must be observed that this letter is dated April the 6th, and on the Uth of the same 
 month the Earl of Sussex was at Furness, where he took the surrender of that house, for which 
 he had before stipulated with the Abbot while at Whalley. It is highly probable that he 
 removed from Whalley at this time, in order to avoid a scene which must have been painful to 
 him, as the execution of Paslew and Eastgate took place there on the 12th of that month. 
 
 For these extracts I am indebted to West's History of Furness, App. No. X. which is a 
 letter transcribed by him from the Cotton Library. — Cleop. e. 4, p. 244, and kindly pointed 
 out to me bv a friend, though too late to be inserted in the text, 
 
 P. 87. 
 From a subsequent examination of all the remaining evidences of the Abbey, I am enabled to 
 add the following names to the former catalogue of monks : — Fr. Rob. Brunley, Granator, 1509; 
 Fr. Wm. Bancroft, Subcellarer; Fr. Wm. Whalley, Sacrista, 15IO; Fr. Edm. Haworth, Sub- 
 cellarcr, 1529; Fr. Rad. Linney ; Fr. Jac. Moore, Portar.*; Fr. Edm. Dinkley, Sacrist, I529. 
 To these may be added, from other evidences in the same collection, Fr. Thos. Law, Fr. Rad. 
 
 Catteral, Fr. Billington, Fr. Job. Chester, Fr. Ric. Wood, Fr. Tho. Harwood. There 
 
 was another, Fr. Tho. Law, a Carthusian monk of Sion, who also retired to Whalley ; but the 
 former Law and Harwood outlived their brethren, and continued, by indulgence, to say 'mass 
 in one or other of the side chapels of the parish-church till their deaths, the latter of which 
 happened about 1560. — A remarkable instance either of toleration or of attachment to the old re- 
 ligion, in those who might easily have deprived these poor men of their last remaining comfort. 
 
 P. 113- 
 The following Epitaphs, absurd as they are, having been really hung over the tombs of the 
 Lacies at Whalley, I deemed it not improper to afford them a place in the Appendix. 
 
 Epitaphium Rogeri Lacy. 
 Hie sepelitur heros generosus in orbe Rogerus 
 Conjuge cum cara quam mors prostravit amara. 
 Forti Sampsoni similis fuit atque leoni 
 Tauro cornuto pungendi semper acuto. 
 Tectum thorace nullus superare valebat. 
 Regnum cum pace miles sub rege regebat. 
 Nullus Trojanus sibi par fuit in probitate. 
 Victor in setate fuit, alter Waspasianus. 
 Gentes linguarum male credentcs variarum, 
 Sectas Persarum, Medorum, Spartiatarum, 
 Grecos, Cretenses, Romanes bella moventesj 
 Francos, Flandrenses, nautas portis rapientes, 
 
 * The porter was always a monk. But there is a regular charge " pro famulo portarii;" so that the master porter, 
 probably, did little more than keep an eye upon his deputy. 
 
 Hie
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 517 
 
 Hie dum pugiiavit, pugnans pugnando domavit. 
 Vivus ut optavit, defuncto tuniba paratur : 
 Pictor adornavit petrani sub qua tumulatur. 
 Inferni claustro careat per flatus ab austro 
 Sic piece conventus fulgoris in arce reteiitus. 
 Inclita matrona digna Matilda corona 
 Sit cum matre pia Christi conjuncta Maria. 
 Qui legis, absque mora, pro fundatoribus ora. 
 
 Epitaphium Johannis Lacy. 
 Egregii comitis en ! haec est tumba Johannis 
 Hostibus immitis cunctis dum vixerat annis. 
 Jure suum comitem luget Lincolnia mitem, 
 Quern plangunt unum Cestrencia castra tribunum. 
 Anglia flet rite tali caruisse Quirite, 
 Et Stanlawe bonum dolet amississe patronum. 
 Christi devotus miles fuit undique notus, 
 Wallia, quem Scotus, timuit mundus quoque totus, 
 Gallus et Hispanus, Norraannus, Britoque, Danus, 
 Almannus gnarus bello, Lumbardus avarus, 
 Indus, et obscenus gentiiis, atrox Saracenus, 
 JEthiopes fusci, Greci, Babilonia, Turci, 
 Rex et Soldanus,. omnis populusque jjrophanus, 
 Hunc cum cernebat armatum, corde tremebat. 
 Vicit eum vermis qui victor erat in armis, 
 Sic et vincemur pro quo dicendo precemur. 
 Ultima censura cum venerit ilia futura 
 Johannes comes a dira servetur Judicis ira. 
 
 Epitaphium commendationis Joh'is de Lacy, comitis Lincolniae, et Fundatoris 
 
 Loci Benedicti de Whalley. 
 
 Ut hoc in loco legitur, sub hac structura tegitur 
 
 Cor comitis Johannis, 
 In came non plus clauditur sed a came dividitur 
 
 In universis annis. 
 Cordis et carnis unitas efficitur dualitas 
 
 Et paritas partita: 
 O misera conditio tam flebilis divisio 
 
 Nunquam fuit audita. 
 Tristantur cives Cestriae, plangunt primates patriae. 
 
 Nee volunt consolari, 
 Flet Pontefracti populus, vir, uxor, senex, parvulus, 
 
 Non cessant laclirimari. 
 
 A solis
 
 518 HISTORY OF WHALLEY, [Addenda. 
 
 A solis ortus cardine ciincti debent ex ordine 
 
 Rurales et burgcnses 
 Magni, minores, pariter, pne cunctis singulariter 
 
 Lugent Lincolnienses. 
 Nee mirum, flos militiae jam marcuit laetitiae, 
 
 Spes est exinanita, 
 Quia post hunc in sseculo carnali visus oculo 
 
 Non erit vigeiis ita. 
 Heu ! planctus fit perpetuus cum pugil tam praecipuus 
 
 Privatus sit hac vita ; 
 Planctus, ploratus, gemitus nunquam cessabunt amplius 
 
 Saecula per infinita. 
 Ut Job simplex, ut Salomon doctus, et sicut Absolon 
 
 Puicher, et Sampson fortis, 
 Ut Joseth fuit providus, ut Mars in beljo validus, 
 
 Totius dux cobortis. 
 Hie erat mundi lilium, solemnitas nobilium, 
 
 Se tamen aequans imis. 
 Ut Moyses mitissimus, ut Josue justissimus, 
 
 Plus audax Gibeone, 
 Vellem fari quis fuerit, sed nulla dici potuerit 
 
 Humana ratione. 
 Non fuit inter millia tam promptus quis ad prselia. 
 
 Sub armis tam discretus, 
 Nullus ad arma promptior, in armis nee ferocior, 
 
 Post arma tam quietus. 
 Lorica corpus, galea frons, ense femur, lancea 
 
 Manus ejus munitur, 
 Scuto latus protegitur, morte tamen subigitur. 
 
 Per hoc non impeditur. 
 Castra, domus, familia, et opes, et his similia 
 
 Non poterunt prodesse : 
 Lira, census, et praedia, jam nulla dant remedia 
 
 Quin morti sint necesse. 
 Et jam consumptis carnibus nunc esca datur vermibus 
 
 Qui fuit tam probatus ; 
 Nunc ejus aula tumulus, et vermis suis famulus, 
 
 Et lira fit ploratus. 
 Sic transit mundi gloria, sic vita transitoria 
 
 Disparet et deletur, 
 Sic desinis dies hominis, sic et laus ominis 
 
 Nunquam finietur. 
 
 Johannes
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY'. 5l> 
 
 Johannes Dei gratia, fertur sine fallacia 
 
 Nomen interpretetur, 
 Precemur ergo singuli ut iste prece populi 
 
 Cum Sanctis glorietur: 
 Et Christus vera Veritas det ut sua posteritas 
 
 Sit haeres ejus morum, 
 Et hunc in cunctis prosperet, et hunc a poenis liberet 
 
 ^ternis infernorum. 
 
 Epitaphium Commendationis Edmundi Lacv. 
 
 Mors probat Edmundi, brevis est quod gloria mundi, 
 Mendax et mundus, quamvis quandoque secundus. 
 Scandere qui primo cum coepit lapsus in imo 
 Monstrat quod mundus est labilis atque rotundus : 
 Nilque fit in mundo, quod non pertransit eundo 
 Protinus a mundo quum sit quasi vas sine mundo. 
 Ergo det Edmundo Deus a contamine mundo 
 Uti jocundo vultu Christi redeundo. 
 Respice qui transis, in me circumspice quid sis, 
 
 Exeniploque mei sis memor ipse tui. 
 Sum quod eris, quod es ipse fui, mundoque superstes 
 
 Florueram mundo, terra cinisque modo. 
 Quid probitas, quid opes, quid honor, quid gloria mundi, 
 
 Omnia quid fuerint, cum cecidere docent. 
 Hie jacet et funus Cestrensis jure tribunus 
 Me pro posse bonum sensit domus ista patronum. 
 
 P. 147- 
 
 I have lately met with the original, from which the following instrument is transcribed, 
 among the Charters at Townelcy. 
 
 " Pateat universis per praesentes, quod cum in visitatione Domini Archidiaconi Cestriensi 
 quam in Decanatu de Blackburn ultimo exercuit, compertum fuit quod ecclesia parochialis de 
 Wlialley in coopertura, parietibus et fenestris, et cemiterium ejusdem in clausura multiformes 
 patiebatur defectus, in defectu parochianorum dictae ecclesise et capellarum de Colne, Brunley, 
 Church, et Haselyngden, ab eadem ecclesia dependentibus ; super quibus dictus Dominus 
 Archidiaconus parochianos capellarum praedictarum ad certos diem et locum super dicto com- 
 perto fecit coram eo officiali suo ut ejus commissario evocari, Oui quidem parochiani capel- 
 larum dictarum eisdem die et loco sibi assignatis coram nobis commissario dicti Domini com- 
 paruerint, et quandam relaxacionem sive renunciacionem in scripto redacto diversis sigillis cum 
 sigillo officialis Cestriensis signato per parochianos de Whalley, Cliderowe, et Dounum, factum, 
 dictos parochianos de Colne, Brunley, Churche, et Haselynden, ut videbatur, omni onere dictae 
 ecclesiae parochiali de Whalley faciendo exonerantem, et ipsos parochianos de Whalley, Cli- 
 derowe et Dounum, in omnibus onerantem, judicialiter exhibuerint et ostenderint : unde nos 
 
 commissarius
 
 520 HISTORY OF WHALLF.Y. [Addenda, 
 
 commissariiis dicti domini officialis die et loco dictis parochianis capellariim praedictarum 
 
 assignatis in hac parte legitime praetendentes, habita publica proclamatione in judicio 
 
 nemine se opponcnte, dictos parocliianos capellaruni praedictarum de Colne, Brunley, Cliirche, 
 et riasel3'iigdeii, consentientibtis omnibus in hac parte requisitis, quatenus ofKcium nostnim 
 priBmisso concnit ab officio nostro dimisimus per decretuni. 
 
 " In ciijus rci testimonium sigillum officii dicti domini officialis praesentibus est appensum. 
 
 " Datum apud Werington im kal. Aug. anno Domini M.ccc" nonagessimo tercio." 
 
 P. 150, line 4. 
 
 The first transaction whicli occurs after the Dissolution is a lease of twenty-one years, from 
 the Crown, of the Rectory of Whaliey, bearing date July 8th, 30th Henry VHI. to Sir Wm. 
 Pickering, Knt. for the rent of ^.237. ISs. 4d. 
 
 Next is a lease from Pickering to Richard Assheton, as under-tenant, dated Sept. l!2tli, 32d 
 Henry VHI. — This was the first footing which the Asshetons obtained at Whaliey. 
 
 Thirdly, another from Henry VHI. A. R. 35, to Sir John Dantzey, Knt. who, in the 37th 
 Henry VHI. gave it to his natural son, who soon after assigned it to Richard Assheton in con- 
 sideration of the manor of Downham, &c. (v'lde Downham). 
 
 ALB. Pickering's lease was to expire in 155S, and Dauntzey's term was forty years from 
 that time. 
 
 Lastly, the remainder of this term was surrendered to Abp. Whitgift, 26th Elizabeth, who 
 granted the first lease from the see of Canterbury to Ralph Assheton, ICsq. the elder and Ralph 
 Assheton the younger, for the lives of the last Ralph and of Ratclifi' Assheton, sons of Ralph 
 the elder and of Richard son of Richard Assheton of Downham, brother of Ralph. 
 
 P. 209, line 21. 
 
 Whatever might be the deficiency of the Act of 7th Jac. this composition appears to have 
 been set aside, and much severer terms imposed, as will appear from tht following fragment 
 (Assheton Papers), which proves the matter not to have been finally settled before the Restora- 
 tion. — " of Clitherowe, parcel of the Dutchy upon the King's behalf by the 
 
 then Attornej' of the Dutchy II in qu and the inclosures and improvements of 
 
 Commons .... em made; upon a Commission for that jjurpose issued in the year of 
 
 King James his reign, came to comj)osition with his Majesties Commissioners, and agreed to 
 pay for confirmation and settlement thereof forty years copyhold rent: the one moiety, upon 
 passing Decrees for that purpose in the Court of Dutchy Chamber, and the other moiety within 
 one moneth next after the same should be confirmed by Act of Parliament. 
 
 Decrees of all the several manors and places so compounded for were passed, and the first 
 uioiety of the Composition Money thereupon paid in King James his time : And in the sixteenth 
 year of the late King Charles, a Bill for confirmation thereof passed both the Houses of Par- 
 lian)ent; but tlirough the distractions then growing was prevented of being perfected by the 
 royal assent. 
 
 The said liite King Charles, in the fifth year of his reign, granted, by letters patents, the 
 second moiety of the said Composition Money, remaining in the Copyholders hands, to the 
 Navy and Tower Creditors, towards satisfaction of certain debts contracted by Sir Allen Aps- 
 
 ley
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLF.Y. 521 
 
 ley in victualling the Navy and Tower: who in the year lC.',0 obtained from the pretended 
 Parliament then sitting an Act to confirm to the said Copyholders their customs and improvt- 
 ments, according to the said Compositions and Decrees : and to compell them to pay the 
 remaining moiety of Composition Money to the said Creditors, with a nomine pwiue of ^ j. 
 per diem upon default of pa)ment after the 1st of September next following. 
 
 Several of the Copyholders failed in providing their money, which caused their deficiency 
 of payment according to the Act. But the nomine poence being great, and the Creditors severe 
 in levying it, accordingly to the power given them, those that were careful of preserving their 
 estates, and preventing further damage, procured and paid the whole moiety together, with a 
 great overplus, amounting to ^.5,833, in all, for satisfaction of the said moiety and nomine 
 pcence forfeited : and so freed themselves and many others, who are still behinde with their due 
 proportionable j)arts ; and yet have no security for confirmation of their customs and estates: 
 
 All which considered, the said Copyholders having long since, as aforesaid, paid their 
 whole composition to the King's use, do humbly pray the said Decrees and their Customes 
 may be confirmed according to their Contract by the Parliament. And that power may be 
 given to certain Commissioners to leavy the moneys in arrear, and reimburse to those that have 
 laid out above their proportions so much as shall reduce the payments and account to an 
 equality and due proportion, according to a Bill prepared for that purpose." 
 
 P. 212. — Pendle. 
 
 A paper written by Mr. Charles Townley, and directed by him to Richard Townley, Eiq. 
 the philosopher. 
 
 "On August the l8th, IG69, between nine and ten o'clock in the morning, there issued out 
 of the North West side of Pendle Hill a great quantity of water ; the particulars of which erup- 
 tion, as I received them from a gentleman living hard by, are these :^The water continued 
 running for about two hours : it came in that quantity, and so suddenly, that it made a breast 
 of a yard high, not unlike (as the gentleman expressed it) to the Eager at Roan, in Normandy, 
 or Ouse in Yorkshire ; it grew unfordable in so short a space, that two going to church on horse- 
 back, the one having passed the place where it took its course, the other being a little behind, 
 could not pass this sudden torrent. It endangered breaking down a mill-dam, came into 
 several houses in Worston (a village at the foot of the hill), so that several things swam in 
 them. It issued out at five or six several places, one of which was considerably bigger than the 
 rest, and brought with it nothing else but stone, gravel, and earth. He moreover told, that 
 the greatest of these six places closed up again, and that the water was black, like unto moss 
 pits; and lastly, that fifty or sixty years* ago there happened an eruption much greater than 
 this, so that it much endamaged the adjacent country, and made two doughs or dingles, which 
 to this day are called Burst (or in our Lancashire dialect) Brast Cloughs. 
 
 Thus far this gentleman related; what follows, take from myself: — Going, since this, to 
 see what I could of this accident, I found nothing that did contradict the abovesaid relation. 
 What I observed more, concerning this and other eruptions, is, that passing under the N.E. 
 end, commonly called the Butt end of Pendle, I saw several breaches in the side thereof, at 
 
 * Piobably the eruption mentioned liy Canitlcn. 
 
 3 X several
 
 522 HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. [Addknda. 
 
 several distances from the top : from these, stones mixed with earth had been tumbled down, 
 and lay in such a confused order, as if they had been brought thither by such a like eruption 
 as this last; and enquiring of a country fellow who was our guide, he confirmed the conjec- 
 ture, and told us, these breakings out of water were very frequent, so that he wondered we took 
 so much pains to go and see this late one. I went to look amongst the rubbish of stone and 
 earth of one of these breaches, to see if I could find anj' thing like ore, but could find nothin"-. 
 Having j)assed the end of the hill, and coming to the other side, we after a short time discovered 
 the aforementioned six breaches, of which two seemed to be very near the top. I went only to 
 the biggest of the breaches, in which I observed these particulars : — The water had taken away 
 the soil, which was about two feet deep, and bared the rock between twenty and thirty yards in 
 breadth, and downward a considerable deal more. It ap})eared evidently, that the water came from 
 between the s« ailh and the rock, for at the top of the breach we saw several holes whereat the water 
 had issued forth ; others were closed up with the fall of the earth. Wheresoever the water had 
 taken away two foot deep of the earth, the rock appeared among the rubbish. I found nothing 
 that could be supposed to come out of the bowels of the hill, but only such stones as might be 
 loose on the rock, amongst the earth that covered it. This is what I observed in the breach, 
 which for bigness was most remarkable, and presume I should have found nothing worth notice 
 in the lesser ones. Though the noise of this eruption was so great that I thought it worth my 
 pains to enquire further into it, yet in all these particulars I find nothing worthy of wonder, or 
 what may not easily be accouvitcd for. The colour of the water, its coming down to the place 
 Avliere it breaks forth between the rock and earth, with that other particular of its bringing 
 nothing along but stones and earth, are evident signs that it hath not its origin from the very 
 bowels of the mountain ; but that it is only rain-water, coloured first in the moss-pits, of 
 which the top of the hill (being a great and considerable plain) is full, shrunk down into some 
 receptacle fit to contain it; until at last, by its weight or some other cause, it finds a j)assage to 
 the side of the hill, and then away between the rock and swarth, until it break the latter, and 
 violently rush out. The great eruption, mentioned to have happened so many years ago, per- 
 haps is that taken notice of by Camden, in his 'Britannia,' p. C13. ''Verum hie mons damni 
 quid subjecto agro jampridem intulit, aquarum vim eructans, et certissimo pluviae indicio, quoties 
 ejus vertex nebula vestitur, maxime insignis est.' 
 
 " I know not whether it may not be worth notice, that going to the top of the hill, and 
 observing a considerable part thereof, especially towards the skirts, where turfs had been gotten, 
 I found that the rock reached within a yard or two of the highest part; considering this, with 
 what I observed of the mentioned breach and several other places, I think it is very j)robabIe 
 that the whole mountain, great as it is, is one continued rock ; and it maj' be a question whe- 
 ther all other hills be so or no. But this I leave to further enquiry." 
 
 P. 212, line ^2. 
 Admergill, which is one of the boundaries of the parish towards Barnoldswick, is undoubt- 
 edly called, fjit. Aid, Mere-Gill, the Gill or Gully which formed the old boundary. Here 
 were lately found 1 j; pennies of Edward I. and John Baliol, King of Scotland. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of Newchurch, in Pendle, was found, several years ago, a stone 
 mallet, with a perforation for the handle. This is inserted as the only remain of British art, 
 HI stone, ever discovered within the parish. 
 
 r. 238.
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. *53i 
 
 P. 239. 
 
 The following note on " Beare brades, in the old song inserted in this page, has been commu- 
 nicated since this Work was printed: — " Beare brades. Bear, that is, coarse barley, or bi£r<r, as 
 it is sometimes called, is said in old English and modern Scottish, to be bratr'd or bradc, when 
 its leaves first shoot above the ground. Rain is, of course, indispensable to the i;-«/rW of bear 
 and all other grain. — Walter Scott." 
 
 P. 242. 
 
 The following abstract of the Compotus of Blackburnshire, by Thomas Lord Stanley, 
 Master Forester and Chief Steward, A. Edvv. IV. 4to, extracted from the orio^inal Roll in the 
 Office of the Duchy of Lancaster, will give a much clearer and more connected view of the 
 subject than any which I have hitherto been able to exhibit. 
 
 The Freehold and ancient Copyhold, or Wapentake Rents, for the several manors there 
 accounted for, are — 
 
 IghtenhuU - - - - - - - lx/. iv.s. ivrf.ob. 
 
 Colne ---.--. xxxi/. 05. xviiii^. 
 
 Penhulton ---_.__ vi/. xi*. lud. 
 
 Worston - .-__-__ vi/. ix*. \xd. 
 
 Chatburn -.-._. xvii/. xiv.v. ivrf. qii. 
 
 Accrington Vetus .-_--_ xii/. ix*. iy.d. 
 
 Haslingden ----- ^ - jx/. wis. ivid. 
 
 Perquisita Curiarum de IghtenhuU, Colne, Chatburn, Penhulton, 
 
 Worston, et Accrington ----- nl. Os. wild. 
 
 Wapontagium de Cliderhovv - - _ _ lxiii/. 1115. viirf.ob. 
 
 Officium Mag. Forestarii de Bowland, Jacobo Harrington mil. 
 
 Deputato Ric. Nevile, com. Warwick - - xxxiv/. 11*. vi^f.ob. 
 
 Magistro Fox de Blackburnshire, quia expens. excedunt recept. ?]il. 
 
 Man. de Todington . _ _ - . xxxii/. 0>v. iiu/.qu. 
 
 Ballia ib"m. -.----- xix/. ix*. od. 
 
 The amount of these will shew the difference betwixt the general valuation of Blackburn- 
 shire, taken anno Edw. II. after the death of Henry de Lacy, and the 4th of Edward IV'. or 
 about 160 years. 
 
 Manerium de Ratchdale ; 1 
 
 rt n T I T> 11 4. r - - - - XIIX/. VIA', vuid. 
 
 Ue nrma Job. rilkmgton, arm. J 
 Firma pasturae in Blackburnshire. 
 
 De xxxix/. X5. lid. de diversis personis pro terris, &c. ab ante demissis* ; viz. 
 Nic. Shotilworth, pro Copthursthey - - _ - vis. virf.ob. 
 
 Tenentes de Padyham, pro Shapeden Bank * _ - _ iis. od. 
 
 R. Banastre, pro iir acris prati in Blakey _ - - _ ms. od. 
 
 * These articles relate to lands, not of the aDcicnt Wapentake tenure, but demised to various tenants, at an inde- 
 finite period before the date of the Compotus. The next class, comprizing most of the launds and Vaccaries of the 
 Forests, had been let out on leases for the term of seven years each, a very few years before this time : but most, if not 
 all of them, were already approved ; and, what is remarkable, were almost all re-let at reduced rents, in tliis year. 
 
 3 XQ But
 
 .524* 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 [Addenda. 
 
 [Then follow a number of trifling particulars.] 
 
 De Tlioma Radcltff', mil. pro Shapeden Hey (Heyhouses) 
 Eodem, pro XL a. in Parvo Redely . - _ . 
 
 Jo. Legli, pro Linerode .----- 
 Wm. Leyland, pro firma herbagii in West Close 
 Eodem, pro Heyham both . _ . . _ 
 
 Eodem, pro Li. Newlaund _ . _ _ _ 
 
 Eodem, pro Barley both _ . _ - _ 
 
 [Then follow other trifling particulars.] 
 
 Jacobo RadclifFde RadclifF, pro Parco de Musbury 
 Et de Hered^ Tho. Holden, pro Ugden et Musden * - 
 
 *Et de CLv/. XV*. ivd. de diversis personis pro terris demissis per Henry 
 Sothill deputato Ricardi comitis Warwick, cum aliis de consilio 
 Ducatus apud Clyderhow, anno 37" regni regis Hen. VI. pro ter- 
 mino VII annor. vid. 
 De W. Levland, pro herbagio Higham Close - - - 
 
 11/. xiiu. ivd. 
 xiiw, ivd. 
 
 v/. xnis. ivd. 
 
 vil. xms. ivd. 
 
 vl. vis. vnid. 
 
 III/. XI*. od. 
 
 villi, xs. od. 
 ol. xvs. od. 
 
 vl. VIS. viud. 
 
 Joh. Nutter, &c. pro Nether Goldshay and Over Goldshay, cum les Craggs viii/.viA'.viiirf. 
 
 Joh. Pilkinton, pro parco de Ightenhull _ _ , 
 
 Joh. Sotehill, arm. pro Feely Close-|- - - - _ 
 
 W. Leyland, pro le Old Laund et Parva Blakewood 
 
 Barnard Shotil worth, pro Wheteley Carr _ . _ 
 
 Et pro vaccaria de Overbarrow forth, nuper ad c' - 
 
 Pro Netherbarrow forth _ _ . - - 
 
 Jo. Redehaluh, pro Wateley forth _ _ _ - 
 
 Tho. D'no Stanley et Wm. Layland, pro Redelegh Halways, et eod. 
 
 Wil. pro vac. de Berdshagh bothe* _ _ - 
 
 Eod. W. pro vac. de Over Wycoller et Nether Wycoller 
 Eodem, pro vaccaria de Wynevvall _ _ _ - 
 
 Laur. Lister, pro piscaria aque de Colne, nuper ad 111*. ivrf.'j- 
 Rich. Barton, pro Newhall Hey| _ . - - 
 
 Joh. Hargreaves, &c. pro Henhades et Frerehull § 
 Eodem, pro vaccaria de Cowhour|| _ _ _ - 
 
 Eodem, pro vaccaria de Rowtanstall - - - - 
 
 Et vaccaria de Constabullegh 1 
 
 Et pro 1 claus. vocato Okenheved Wode J 
 
 Ric. Barton pro vaccar. de Dede when clogh - _ _ 
 
 Diet. Will.* Leyland pro vac. de Wolfenden bothe 
 
 xxl. VIS. viiid. 
 
 vil. viiijt. od. 
 
 ol. LX1II5. od. 
 
 vl. OS. viiid. 
 
 ivl. OS. od. 
 
 ivl. XI*. viiul. 
 
 ol. xs. od. 
 
 y.1. VIII*. ivd. 
 
 III. xvi*. viiitZ. 
 
 vil. via*, ivd. 
 
 ol. OS. x\d. 
 
 villi. OS. od. 
 
 ol. Ill*, ivd. 
 
 vil. OS. od. 
 
 xl. OS. od. . 
 
 x/. 0*. od. 
 
 vil. OS. od. 
 vil. OS. od. 
 
 But it appears, from another item in this roll, that " plures dictarum dausurarum de novo approvamenfo inclusa sunt 
 per Rogerum Floure nuper capitalem senescallum Ducatus Lancastrensis.'' — This, and consequently the origin of the 
 Vaccaries, or inclosures within the forests, nmst be ascribed to the reign of Henry VI. ; for Floure, whoever lie was, is 
 described as " nuper Senescallus." — Moreover it must be observed, that all these were demised at rack-rents. 
 
 * All these are within Tiawden. f These are within Pendle. 
 
 J In Totlington. § In Rossendale. || Qo. De Cowhope. 
 
 Eodem
 
 Aduenda.] history of WHALLEY. 52a* 
 
 Eodem, pro vac. de Gamelsheved - _ _ _ n/. is, viiir/. 
 
 Eodem pro vacc. de Bacop bolhe et Horeleyheved - - viii/. 0*. Od. 
 
 Eod. pro vaccario de Tuusted cum le Settyngez de Soclogli - in/, xv*. \uid. 
 Et de XLiv/. vi.v. vnirf. ob. 
 
 Jacobo de Radcliffe pro vaccaria de Hodlesden * - - vi/. xiiiv. iva. 
 
 Henry Grimshagh pro le Newhey in Hodlesden - - vus. viiid. 
 
 Edmund Waddington pro Ikornhurst _ _ _ _ xvis. ud. 
 
 In vadiis quatuor Moredrivarum in Penlmll, Rossendale, et Trawden, custodientium feras 
 extra Chaceas tam in com. Ebor. quam in com. Lanc'r, eo quod exire volebant, ne a male- 
 factoribus capiantur, quolibet pro sept. vid. 
 
 Et in stipendio i hominis custodientis feras Dom. Regis apud Estmore x*. Rossendale iv*. 
 et Trawden x*. ac unius hominis in Toddington in auxilium quatuor INIoredrivar' prscdict. eo 
 quod non sufficiunt prsedictas feras (defendere) in salv' ferine. 
 
 In denar. solut. pro sustentatione fossat. et sepium Nove Laund in Ponhutl per totum cir- 
 cuitum, XXA-. Et in sustent. vi Fald. vi*. 
 
 Et solut. forestar. de Penhull pro prostratione ramorum temp, yemale ad sustent'm ferarum, 
 ins. ixd. Et forestario de Rossendale pro prostratione ramorum tem. yemale ad feras sust. 
 VI*. vind. 
 
 At three pence per diem thirty days were thus employed, which proves at once that there 
 was much wood and many deer. 
 
 V^enditio cropp. Nil de Cropp. ramorum sive de cortice quercuum, prostratarum tam 
 ad reparationem palitii, quam quas ventus prostravit in Penhull, Rossendale, et Trawden, quod 
 nihil hujusmodi prostrat. fuerat; nee de melle et cera silvestre, eo quod nullum hujusmodi 
 acciderat. 
 
 Nee de Suet' prisone ib'ni, quia null' suet ib'm acciderat, nee alique persone ib'm arrestate. 
 
 Hence it is evident that there were gaols in the forests, to which trespassers against the 
 forest laws were summarily committed. 
 
 The word suet probably was meant to express some ancient gaol fee demanded on 
 commitment. 
 
 In the former Compotus no rents are charged for IMines, but in that of the 12th Edward IV. 
 are these particulars : 
 
 Firma minere carbonum maritimorum in Padyham xxj. et de firma carb, marit. in Colne 
 et Trawden vi*. viiui. 
 
 De firm, de Sclatstones in Mercheden non recept. eo quod nullus illud conducere voluit. 
 Sed de minera Sclatstones in Accrington, recept. xx(/. 
 
 * Either in Accrington or in the Graveship not the Forest of Rossendale. 
 
 William Leyland, whose naine is so often mentioned, had been Deputy Steward probably by favour of Lord Stanley, 
 whose neighbour he must have been, and had availed himself of his situation in procuiing leases of very large tracts 
 of forest land, lately converted into vacearie?. 
 
 3x3 A coal
 
 526* HISTORY OF WHALLEV. [Addenda. 
 
 A coal-mine was wrought at Colne in the latter end of Edward the Third's reign*, otherwise 
 I should have fixed this as the original date of that pursuit, since become so general and so 
 lucrative in this district. 
 
 Slatestones were now evidently beginning to supersede the primitive covering of thatch. 
 
 Rad, Mersheen pro Crokshagh hevedes, et pro vac. de High Riley - vil. iiis. ivd. 
 
 Edm. Wode pro Ikornhurst ----- xvis. lid. 
 
 De W. Lcyland pro vaccaria de Antley - _ - vi/. O-s. Od. 
 
 Eodem pro New Laund in Accrington, et pro vaccaria de Baxtonden - v7. o*. od. 
 
 Eodem pro Crawshaw both -}- - - - - - vi/. o*. od. 
 
 Eod. pro vaccar. de (lodeshagh - _ - _ ml, xns. od. 
 
 Eod. pro vacc. de Luffeclogh - _ _ ^ _ m/. u,y. od, 
 
 Eod. pro vacc. de Primrose Sike - - - - i/. xvi*. vnid. 
 
 Rob. Bothe, mil. pro Rowcliff'e Wode - - - - xviv. viiirf. 
 
 Sm. ccxxxix/. xiii.y. od. 
 
 Firraa Pasturae de Rowland . _ _ , _ ci/. 0*. nid. 
 
 Out of the particulars of which I shall only select 
 
 De Ric. P'ker, sen. pro ii p'tibus de Broghezholme - - lx*. vid. 
 
 Et Joh. Fker, sen. pro i p'te ejusd. - - - - xxxiii*. od. 
 
 Summa receptor, a ministri« d.lxxx?. \ns. xd. ob. 
 
 But this sum, besides the necessary expences of stewards, foresters, &c. is charged with 
 several annuities, payable to the dependents of the House of York, out of which are selected 
 the following : 
 
 Thome Broghton, mil. pro bono servitio suo impenso et impendendo, \nl. xs. Among 
 the " servitia impcndenda" was his ruinous engagement with Lord Lovel and Martin Swart, 
 which the annuitant perhaps regarded as a matter of duty to his deceased master. 
 
 Joh. Starky, pro bono servitio, &c. c*. This was, I suppose, one of the first Starkies of 
 Huntroid. 
 
 Ricardo RadclifFde Todmorden, pro, &c. c*. 
 
 In a Compotus of the 12th of the same reign, is another grant to John de Wadyngton, pro 
 servitio suo in captura rnagni adversarii nostri Henrici nuper de facto non de jure regis Angliae ; 
 which proves the grantee to have been instrumental in a vile breach of the law of hospitality, 
 as the poor king was his guest. 
 
 Another article, which respects the conveyance of rents from Clitheroe to London, is 
 extremely curious. One pound in every hundred was allowed to the steward as a kind of in- 
 surance. The whole was packed up in canvas bags, and two shillings per diem were allowed 
 for fifteen days in eundo, morando, et redeundo, during the conveyance. 
 
 * 
 * Compotus de Bolton. f In Rossendale. 
 
 The
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 527* 
 
 The next article is no less interesting: " In sohit. monete Wil. Stanley, mil. eo quod pra- 
 dictus Wil. sum. ccxliv/. ms. ivd. solverat pro ccc sagittariis per spatium ix septiman. in 
 obsidione Castri de Alnewick circa personam regiam." 
 
 The following miscellaneous particulars are extracted from a later roll on the same subject, 
 dated anno 1 2 of the same reifrn. 
 
 R. vind. de novo redditu de ii acris de vasto Dn. Regis jacent. super Clivacher Moore in 
 Derpley Grening sicut diniittuntur Rob'to Whitecar dc le Holmes. 
 
 Solut. Abb'ti de Salley, pro quodam lampade ardente coram summo altare in ecclesia de 
 Salley de eleemosyna Job, de Lacy, vi,s. \nid. 
 
 The last extract which I shall produce from these rolls, will prove that great improvements 
 in Clitheroe Castle and in the manor houses, &c. within Blackburnshire,' took place under the 
 active reign of Richard the Third. 
 
 In diversis custibus (costs) et expensis factis super reparation, et emend, infra castrum de 
 Clyderhow, xxiv/. vis. viud. maneriorum de Ightenhull, xxx.y. iid. Whytewell et parcorum, 
 logiorum et paliceorum eorundem, &c. S. tot. cxii/. i\'s. vd. 
 
 Rot. an. 2di Ri. 3ti. 
 
 This is the only mention which I have met with of a manor house at Whitewell. Wlien it 
 was abandoned, the site was probably converted into an inn. It is not at all unlikely that the 
 little chapel was originally a domestic appendage to this manor house, like that of Ightenhull. 
 
 Alas! it is now gone; and how replaced, I will not say. 
 
 The last document relating to the Forests, as it is extremely curious in itself, will satisfactorily 
 explain the subject of Future Rents within those districts. 
 
 " To oure right trustie and well beloved Father the Erie of Derbie, George Stanley, Knt. Lord 
 Strange, Sir Henrie Halsall, Knt. Sir Jhon Towneley, Sir Ric. Sherburne, Knt. &c. 
 
 Whereas of olde use and custome the Forsters and Kepers of oure Forests of Penhull, Rossing- 
 dale, Accrington, and Trawden, have hadde of verie right and dutie at c'tayne tymes and dales 
 meate and drinke of the tenants therin and adjoining, the which is now called Future, otherwise 
 Forster Fee, as is sett forth in a boke, in which boke it also apperith, that for divers displesours 
 and annoyances that y*^ seide Forsters comitted agaynst y*^ seide tenants, ther wyves, and s' vaunts, 
 V* seide tenaunts made complaynt to our p'genitors Dukes of Lancaster, wherupon y^ seide te- 
 naunts bounds themselves, their heyres, and tenures, to oure p'genitours, to pay ibr tyme being 
 yerely xiil. xiiis. ivd. to seide Forsters towards ther wages, and in rccompence of ther meat 
 and drinke called Forster Fee, y* which was paid to y*^ 1st yeare of King Edward IVth. in 
 which yere, by lab' and meanes made w"» hym, y* seide Future was putt in respite, soe that 
 cxix/. VIS. \'uid. is now in respite, w*^'', if it shold be longer delayed, wold turn to our dis- 
 herison, and y^ utter destruction of oure For", for lack of kej)yng : "• 
 
 3x4 Wherfor
 
 523* HISTORY OF WH ALLEY.: [Addenda- 
 
 Wlicrfor wee will and desire, and nathless charge youe, and anie five of youe, to call before 
 youe, as wtll our tenaunts nowe in being within y'' seide Forests, as other most ancient p'sons 
 adjoining, as ye in your discretioun shall think most convenient, and enquire which of y^ seide 
 tenaunts ought to pay y^ seide Duties, and what some ev y one of y™, after y"^ old usage and 
 customc ther, and therupon to compel them, and evy of them, to paye y« seide some, and for 
 default to distrcyn them and ther tenures, and for utter refusing therof to seaze on ther tenures 
 iniediately, and admyt such other persons as will bee content to paye y« s'' Duties." 
 
 This Commission, which is strongly tinctured by the avarice and severity of Henry VII. is 
 followed by a Certificate that the Tenants of Rowland were accustomed to pay a Future of 
 xs.lL — s.(l per annum, which was regularly continued to 2d of Richard III. and that the whole 
 sum respited and due amounted to ccclvuL xiiis. iid. too large an amount to be overlooked by 
 his Successor. Dated March y, a. r. H. VII. i;'^. 
 
 P. 320, 1. 41. Thomas Whitaker Starkie, born April 12th, 1816. 
 
 P. 327. The following is an Abstract of the Deed of Feoffment for the Endowment of the 
 Tovvnley Chantry in the Chapel of Burnley. 
 
 Johannes Townley, miles, d. & c. Laurentio Townley de Barnside, arm. Nich.Townley, arm. 
 
 Will'"'' Bencroft, Thome Whitacre de Holm, & Hugoni Habergham div. terras & tenem. 
 
 in Ribchester, Hothersall, &c. & omne meum ten. voc. Hoggholomes in Hapton, &c. quod unus 
 idoneus capellanus honeste conditionis & conversationis per me & heredes meos nominandus, 
 divina, missam & alia obsequia in capella de Burneley, ad altare B. M. V. vocat. Townley Chap- 
 pel, pro bono statu meo ac Isabellae uxoris mee dum vixerimus, ac pro a'i'bus nostris cum ab hac 
 luce migraverimus, &pro a'i'bus Ricardi Townley militis, &. Joh. uxoris ejus et omnium anteces- 
 sorum meorum & omnium fidelium defunctorum. Dat. Ma. ix. a" Hen. VII. xv°. 
 
 This has had a better fate than the Endowment Deed of the Chantry of Holme, of which I can 
 only find this memorial : 
 
 Rex, &c. Cum terre & possessiones quae ad vitam & sustentationem HugonisWatmore Cantariste 
 sive stipendiarii in Capella de Holme infra P'och. de Whalley extenduntur ad xxx5. i\d. deve- 
 nerint ad manus nostras, sciatis quod nos, &c. d. & c. pro term, vitse prsefato Hugoni, pensio- 
 nem xxx,s. ivd. 2d Edward VI. 
 
 (. 
 P. 340. Robert Shuttleworth, Esq. married Janet, daughter of sir John Majoribanks, Bart. 
 and died at Gawthorp, March 6th, 1818, leaving an only daughter and heiress. 
 
 P. 238.
 
 Addenda. J HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 
 
 j2Z 
 
 P. 238. 
 
 Add the following letter, comnuinicated by Mr. Parker. 
 
 " By the Kinge. 
 " Trusty and welbeloved wee greete yo"'' well : willinge and couiaundinge yo* that ye ime- 
 diately vpon the seight hereof doe dcliuf or cause to be deliu'ed vnto y« bearer hereof one fatt 
 bucke of this season towards the better furnishinge of our dyet for our President and Councell 
 in the North: And this shalbe yo'' sufficient warrant in that behalf. Given vnder our Signet at 
 our Citty of York the eight day of Julie, the ninth yeare of our reicrne. 
 
 " And by his Councell. 
 
 " Fr. Boynton. 
 " To the maister of our game, bowbearer, keeper, and Ch. Hales. W.Ellis. 
 
 to all other our officers, and their deputie or deputies W. Gee. 
 
 within y"^ ftbrrest of Bolland, and to eu'ry of them." 
 
 P- 245. — MiDDLETON. 
 
 As this parish is oae of the dependencies of the Honour of Clitheroe, the following account 
 of the parish-church, from a late survey, will not be impertinent to the present subject. 
 
 The present fabric, which stands on an elevated site, commanding the rich tract of country which 
 surrounds it, having been wholly rebuilt in the reign of Henry VIII. is an uniform and valuable 
 specimen of the style which then prevailed in edifices not very richly adorned. The windows 
 are obtusely pointed ; and along the battlement, both of the nave and choir, runs a line of plain 
 shields within quatrefoils, instead of the pierced parapet usual at that time. 
 
 On the South side is the following inscription, which ascertains both the rebuilder and the 
 aera of the fabric. 
 
 fiitarbu^ a.sr.sJjcton ct anna iiioi- tjii?', anno ©'ni .IB.«2>XJ35i3!3i. 
 
 On the porch are also the initials ii. 3. a. 
 
 The tower is low; but, from the battlement, appears not to have been intended to be car- 
 ried higher, and was afterwards, I know not when or win', surmounted by a very peculiar and 
 ugly superstructure of wood. Perhaps apprehensions were entertained for the foundation, which 
 is a bed of sand. 
 
 The choir has three ailes, of which the middle and N'orth aile belong to the Rector, and 
 that on the South to the Lords of Middleton, full of brasses, slabs, and mural monuments, 
 some of which are unhappily covered with modern pews. 
 
 On a flat marble slab, beneath the stairs, are two brasses, one of the Parliamentary General 
 of the Lancashire Forces, Ralph Assheton, the other of Elizabeth Kaye, of VVoodsome, his 
 wife, with this inscription, in capitals. 
 
 M.S. 
 
 RADULPHI ASSHETON, ARMIGERI, DOMINI DE MIDDLETON, PlI IN DKUM, PATRIAM, ET SUOS, 
 COPIARUM OMNIUM IN AGRO LANCASTRIENSI SLPREMI SENATUS AUCTORITATE CONSCR JPTARLM 
 
 PR-ErECTI
 
 S2l HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda 
 
 PRiEFECTI FOnriS EF FIDBLIS, ftUI CUM E CONJl'GE SUA ELIZABETHA, FILIA JOHANMS KAYE DE 
 WOODS'OM IN AGRO EBOR.ACENSI ARMIGERI, SUSCEPISSET FILIOS TKE^, RICARDUM, RADULPHUM, 
 JOHANNE.M, TOTIOEMaUE FILIAS, ELIZABETHAM, MARIAM, ANNAM, OBOORMIVIT IN JESU 17" FEBR. 
 1652, .'ETATIS SU/E 45 CURRENTE. 
 
 The next are on mural monuments. 
 
 In this chapel lyeth the body of Sir Raphe Asshelon, of Middlcton, bart. who married to his first 
 wife Marv, the daughter and heiress of Thomas Vavasour, of Spaldington, in the County of York, 
 Esq. by whom he had two sons and six daughters. His second wife was Mary, daughter and 
 heiress of Robert Hyde, of Denton, in tlie County of Lancaster, Esq. By her he liad no 
 issue. He departed this life the 3d of May, A.l). l66"7, atatis G^ : in pious memory of whom 
 his two daughters, Catharine and Mary, erected this monument. 
 
 In this chapel lies the body of Dame Mary Assheton, late wife of Sir Raphe Assheton, of 
 Middletoii, Bart. She was only daughter and heiress of Thomas Vavasour, of Spaldington, in 
 the County of York, and died Nov. .. l694- 
 
 Here also lie the bodies of Dorothy Assheton, her second daughter, who died 27th January 
 1685, aged two years and 15 weeks; and Edmund Assheton, her eldest son, who died 20th 
 June 1G88, aged one year and six months. Frances Assheton, her third daughter, who died 
 3d April iGqo, aged four years and ten months. Ehzabeth Assheton, her fourth daughter, who 
 died 15th January 1 69 1-2, aged seven months. 
 
 And lastly of Richard Vavasour Assheton, her second son, who died 14th February 1707-8, 
 aged iS years nine months. 
 
 To perpetuate the memory of his dear lady and children, this monument was erected by Sir 
 Raphe Assheton, Bart. A.D. 1709. 
 
 Near this place lie the remains of Sir Raphe Assheton, Bart, the last of the male line of the 
 ancient house of Middleton. In the year 171G he succeeded his uncle, Sir Raphe Assheton, 
 Bart, in title and estate. In 1734 he married Mary, eldest daughter of Sir Holland Egerton, 
 Bart, of Heaton, in this county. She died in the year I735, leaving no issue. In 1 739 he 
 married Eleanor, daughter of the Rev. John Copley, of Batley in the County of York, and 
 Rector of Thornhill in the said County, and relict of Henry Hulton, Esq. of Hulton, in the 
 County of Lancaster; by whom he had issue one son, who died in the year 1756, in the 12th 
 year of his age, and two daughters, Mary and Eleanor ; the former married Harbord Harbord, 
 Esq. afterwards Lord Suffield, son and heir of Sir William Morden Harbord, Knight of the. 
 Bath and Baronet, of Gunton, in the County of Norfolk. The latter married Sir Thomas Eger- 
 ton, Bart, afterwards Lord Gray de Wilton, of Heaton, in this County. He departed this life 
 on the 31st of December 17G5, in the 73d year of his age. Here are' also interred the remains 
 of the said Dame Eleanor Assheton, who closed a most exemplary life of piety and charity on 
 the 2jth day of March, I793, aged 76 ; in pious memory of whom this monument was erected 
 by their daughters Mary and Elizabeth. 
 
 On the floor are gravestones for Sir Raphe Assheton, who died April 2jth, A.D. 1665, 
 at. 40; and for Anne his wife, daughter of Sir Raphe Assheton, of Whalley, Bart, who died 
 Oct. 27lh, I6S4, in the Coth year of her age. And for Richard, Assheton, of Middleton, Esq. 
 
 who.
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 525 
 
 who died IJ^H, set. 63, as also for Elizabeth Assheton, his relict, daughter 
 
 of Raphe Assheton, of Cuerdale, Esq. who died February Gtli, I795, aet. 78. 
 
 In the middle of the principal choir are two brasses, somewhat older than the present 
 church and family chajjel, the first of which proves the old fabric to have extended nearly as 
 far eastward as the present. The first of these still bears two entire figures; one of a knight in 
 plate-armour, the second of a lady in a square coiffure, together with the arms of Assheton 
 quartering Barton of Middleton, but no inscription. — No inscription, however, was wanted, to 
 prove this to be the tomb of Sir Raphe Assheton, the first of the name at Middleton, a very 
 
 distinguished warrior and statesman in his time, and Barton, the heiress of this valuable 
 
 estate. These were the parents of the re-builder of the church. Beneath are the diminutive 
 figures of six sons and seven daughters. 
 
 Near this, to the North, is another, with three figures in brass, and a groove for a fourth. 
 Of the remaining ones, the second and fourth are in arms, the third a lady. In the coun- 
 tenances is evidently an attempt at something like the originals. The inscription is : 
 
 ]^ic jacct adianora ILaurcncc, quonDam uror gioljanni.ii Itaurnicc, iSicarbi iiaDcIpEfe 6c vlTotocr, n iJTljcme 
 23otljc DC ijachcn^aU, armnjciroriini, qua- olnit ^ru-jgi Die JWartii anno ©ommi itiill'imo C£€<C€JI3if. 
 ^Litcra ©omjnicali^ 3. «jUuorum aibu.si p'pitictur 31>cii!fi. anun. 
 
 In the corners are four shields of arms ; one of Assheton (the lady's paternal coat), the 
 others, empalements with those of her several husbands. 
 
 The North choir, as well as the middle one, belongs to the rector ; and here, under the 
 founder's arch, opening into the principal choir,, is a tomb and brass of Edmund Assheton, who 
 was rector of INIiddleton when the church was rebuilt, and who may therefore be considered as 
 founder of the choir and north chapel. Under a figure of a priest in his vestments is this 
 inscription : 
 
 )^ic jacct .tnagi.^tcr <HDmunbu,ii asisljcton, \!iCctot i^tiu^ €tcle0s, qui obiit XX Die mtn^i^ augu.sti >!.©. 
 JEl©jrjf jgi3!. %':a ©'nicali.s €. CujusS a'ic p'pitietiir ©cui^. amen. 
 
 The advowson of this valuable benefice being regardant to the manor, it is no wonder 
 that, in three centuries, there have been six rectors of the name and family of Assheton; 
 namely, Edmund; John, who died 1584; Abdias, and Abdias, father and son, in the latter 
 end of Elizabeth, and under James the First; William, living in 164O; and, lastly, Dr. 
 Richard Assheton, the late Warden of Manchester. More research might perhaps add to the 
 catalogue. 
 
 The screen betwixt the nave and chancel is carved in very bold relief, and bears, among 
 others, the arms of Assheton quartering Barton of Middleton. There are many scattered rem- 
 nants of painted glass in the windows ; the most remarkable of which, as to the figures, is nearly 
 entire. This consists of seventeen kneeling figures, eight and nine facing each other, at the 
 head of one of which is a priest: the rest are stiff, short, sturdy-looking old English yeomen, 
 each with his Ions bovv resting on one end beside hina, and on a label his name above. On one 
 side is this mutilated and misplaced inscription : 
 
 ^tatu
 
 526 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 ,Statu ftirnrtii 
 
 .TBntiDfcton rt coriiin 
 
 (ifri frrcrunt. 
 
 qui Jjanc fcnei^tram 
 pro bono jStatu 
 
 quorum nomina ft cognomina 
 supra Oi^rcnDuntur 
 
 Out of this jumble there is httle difticulty in making out the inscription as it stood, when 
 entire. 
 
 <Oratc pro bono .l^tatu iiirarOi ilssljcton Dc Jl^n&oictcn tt coriim qui ijanc fenetitram Geri fcccrunt, 
 quorum nomuia ct rognomina ^"upra os'tcnDuntur. anno ©'ni .in.CCCoIC" 131. 
 
 This date seems to negative the constant tradition of the place, which is, that the figures in 
 this window were intended to represent the archers who attended Sir Richard Assheton to 
 Fiodden Field. There is, however, space between the two last figures for the insertion of the 
 figure X, which may have been omitted by mistake. Still, it seems improbable that such an 
 anachronism should have been suffered to remain. 
 
 On the whole, but biassed perhaps by feeling- more than reason, I lean to the tradition 
 rather than the inscription. No Antiquary is willing to part with a relic of Fiodden. 
 
 I have only to add to the account of this church, that a single, and a very peculiar remnant 
 of the first edifice yet remains, in the arch between the tower and the nave. This is an high, 
 sharp-pointed arch, with chevron mouldings, which, for about three feet each above the 
 springers, is drawn out into the general curve of the span, so that the angles are wholly taken 
 away. 
 
 1 ho foregoing account will best be exemj)lified by an account of the family during the 
 period to which their memorials in the church extend. 
 
 ASHTON of MiDLETON. 
 
 Sir Rafe Ashton, of Midleton, in tlie County of Lancashire, knt. son of Sir John Ash" 
 ton, of Ashton-under-Lyne, knt. by his second wife Margaret, daughter of Sir John By rone, 
 knt. married Margaret, daughter and heir of Richard Barton, of Midleton, Esq. by whom he 
 had issue Sir Richard; Ann, married unto John Talbot, of Salsbury, Esq.; Margaret, to 
 Mr. John Mansfield, of the County of Cumberland ; Philippa, to Mr. Thomas Cowton ; Lucy, 
 to Mr. Richard Woodthorp, of the County of York; Elizabeth; Joane ; Agnes, oied young; 
 John and Edmond, both dead young; Thomas, a priest ; and Rafc, who married Margaret, 
 daughter and heir of Mr. Adam Lever, of Great Lever, in the said County. 
 
 The above-named Sir Rafe lived in the reign of King Henry the Sixth, and was one of his 
 j)ages, as ap|)cars by a deed in trust made unto the Abbot of Whalley, wherein Sir John Ashton 
 knt. his father, gives unto the said Abbot a thousand marks for the use of his said son. He 
 came to be afterwards Knight Marshal of England, Lieutenant of the Tower of London, and 
 Higli Sheriff" of the County of York the 12th and 13th years of the reign of King Edward 
 the Fointh, 1472 and 1473- King Richard the Third, in the first year of his reign, by patent, 
 appointed Sir Ralph Ashton, knt. Vice Constable of England, a copy whereof foUoweth : — 
 
 •' Vic^
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 527 
 
 "Vice Constabularii Angliae Constitutio. Pat. de anno primo Ricartli Tertii, part 1, mem. 2. 
 
 Rex dilecto et fideli suo Radulpho Ashton militi salutem. Sciatis quod nos de fidelitate, cir- 
 cumspectione et probitate vestra plenius confidcntes, assignavimus, deputavimus, et ordina- 
 vimus, vos hac vice constabularium nostrum Anglia^ et Commissionarium nostrum, dantes et 
 concedentes vobis tenore praesentium potestatem et autoritatem generaleni et mandatum spe- 
 ciale ad audiendum et examinandurn, et procedendum contra quascunque personas de crimine 
 laesEe nostrae Regiae Majcstatis suspectas et culpabiles, tarn per viam examinationis testium quam 
 aliter melius visum fuerit, ex officio vestro, necnon in causis illis judicialiter et sententiaiiter 
 juxta casus exigentiam ct delinquentium demcrita, omni strepitu et futura judicii appellatione 
 quacunque remota, quandocunque vobis videbitur procedtndum, judicandum, et finaH execu- 
 tione demandandum, cum omnibus etiam clausulis, verbis, et terniinis specialibus ad executionem 
 istius mandati et autoritatis nostras de jure vel consuetudine requisitis, quae omnia hie expressa 
 habemus, assumpto vobiscum abquo tabellione fide digno, qui singula conscribat, una cum aliis 
 quae in praemissis vel circa ea necessaria videbuntur seu qualitcrcuirque requisita; mandantes et 
 firmiter vobis injungentcs, quod aliis quibuscunque praetermissis, circa prsedicta quoties et quando 
 opus fuerit intendatis, causasque antedictas audiatis examinetis ct in eisdem procedatis, ac eas 
 judicetis et finali executione ut praefertur demandetis. Damns etiain omnibus et singulis quorum 
 interest in hac parte, tenore praesentium firmiter in mandatis, quod vobis in praemissis pareant, 
 assistant, et auxilientur in omnibus diligenter. In ciijus, &c. — Teste Rege apud Covent. vice- 
 simo quarto die Octobris anno Regni primo. Per ipsum Regem ore tenus." 
 
 The above-named Sir Ralph Ashton was, amongst others, made Banneret at Iluldonfield, in 
 Scotland, in the y^ar of our Lord God I482, the two and twentieth and last year of the reign of 
 King Edward the Fourth, by the above-named King Richard, being then general of an army, 
 and Duke of Gloucester. 
 
 Sir Richard Ashton of Midleton, Knt. son and heir of Sir Rafe, married Isabel, daughter 
 of John Talbot, of Salisbury, Esq. ; by her had issue Sir Richard ; Margaret, married unto 
 John Hopvvood, of Hopwood, Esq. ; Alice, to John Lawrence, Esq. secondly unto Richard 
 
 RadclyfTe of the Tower Esq.; lastly to Thomas Booth, of Ilackinsall, Esq.; to 
 
 Holt, of Stubley, Esq. The aforenamed Lady Isabel died the seven and twentieth 
 
 day of March, in the year of our Lord God 1531, 22d Henrici octavi, and lies buried in Midleton 
 Church. 
 
 Sir Richard Ashton, of Midleton, Knt. son and heir of Sir Richard, married 
 
 daughter of Sir Robert Fullishurst, of Crew, in the County Palatine of Chester, Knt. by whom 
 he had issue Sir Richard. This Sir Richard, the father, in pight battle against the Scots, took 
 prisoner Sir John Forman, Knight, Sarjeant Porter unto King James the Fourth, then King of 
 Scotland, and Alexander Barrett, then High Sheriff of Aberdeen, with two others, and delivered 
 them unto Thomas Lord Howard, Earl of Surrey, Duke of Norfolk, then General for King 
 Henry the Eighth at Flodden Field, in Scotland. 
 
 Sir Richard Ashton, of Midleton, Knt. son and heir of Sir Richard, married two wives ; 
 
 first, Ann, daughter of Strickland, of Seizer, in the County of Westmoreland, knight; 
 
 by her had issue Richard, Robert and John, both parsons of Midleton ; which John married, 
 and had issue Abell, Abdye also parson there, Richard, Zacharie, John, Thomas, Jamse also 
 
 parson
 
 328 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLCY. [Addenda. 
 
 parson there; Rafe, fourth son of Sir Richard; Thomas, fifth son; and Leonard, 6th son; 
 
 Katherine married unto Wood, Esq. ; Anne, to Richard Gerard, of Thornham, Esq.; 
 
 Bridf^et to Mr. Ewwood ; Maiy, to Mr. Gouland, of Oflerton, in the County of Darbve, after 
 
 unto Sir John Southworth, of Samlesbury, Knight; to his second wife, Anne, lady of 
 
 Bellinghani, but by her had no issue. 
 
 Richard Ashton, of Midlcton, Esq. son and heir of Sir Richard, married Ann, daughter of 
 Sir John Gerard, of Bryme, Knight ; had issue, Richard and Dorothy. 
 
 Richard Ashton, of Midleton, Esq. son and heir of Richard, married Mary, daughter of 
 Sir Wilham Davenport, of Bronihall, Knt. had issue Sir Richard ; John, died sans issue. 
 
 Sir Richard Ashton, of Midleton, Knt. son and heir of Richard, married two wives ; first, 
 Mary, daughter of Sir John Byrone, Knt. ; by her had issue Richard: Winifred, married unto 
 John Holt, of Stubley, Esq. ; Mary, to Robert Holt, ofAshworth, Esq.; Dorothy, to James 
 Anderton, of Clayton, Esq. : (o his second wife, Mary, daughter of Robert Holt, Esq. by whom 
 lie had issue Rafe, Suzand, and several other children, who died before baptisme. 
 
 Richard Ashton, of Midleton, Esq. son and heir of Sir Richard, married Mary, daughter of 
 Thomas Venables, Esq. Baron of Kinderton ; by her had issue Richard, died young; Rafe, 
 James, John, William, married Eleanor, daughter of Mr. Brooke; Thomas ; Dorothj-, married 
 unto Mr. John Leigh, of Boothe; Mary, to Mr. Paul Lathome, parson of Standishe. 
 
 Rafe Ashton, of Midleton, Esq. son and heir of Richard, married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 John Kave, of Woodsome, in the County of York, Esq.; by her had issue Richard, who 
 died vouncr 1G30, being supposed to be bewitched to death by one Utley, who for this was 
 executed at Lancaster Assizes ; Sir Rafe ; John, who married Elizabeth, daughter of John 
 Fleetwood, of Penwortham, Esq. and purchased Burne, near Selbye, in the County of York, 
 of the coheirs of Sir Andrew Young, knighted by his late Majesty King Charles the First, of 
 blessed memory, for his lovalty and service, who, after the cruell murther of his late sacred 
 Majestic, retired hi nisclfe to Calais, in France, where he died; Elizabeth, married unto Adam 
 Beaumont, of Whitley, in Yorkshire, Esq.; Mary, unto Christopher Bannister, of BanckCj 
 Esq. High Sheriff of the County of Lancaster, 1669, 21 Caroli H. 
 
 Sir Rafe Ashton, of Midleton, son and heir of Rafe, was, by the favour of our gratious 
 Sovereign Lord King Charles the Second, after his happy Restauration to the Kingdom, in the 
 year 16G0, created baronet; married Ann, daughter of Sir Rafe Ashton, of Whalley, in the 
 Countv of Lancaster, Bart.; by her he hath issue Rafe, Richard, Ann, Mary and John, 
 twynns, born 3I January 165S. 
 
 P. 265. SiMONSTONE. 
 
 At Symonstone has long been seated a branch of the ancient family of High Whitaker, of 
 which it is unknown whether that, or the line from which the Author of this Work descends, 
 arc tht: representatives of the parent stock, as both bear the same arms, without a difference. 
 
 From the charters and evidences of this family, however, I collect the following particulars : 
 
 John dt; Whitacre attests a charter relating to Symonstone, 10th Edward H. He had a 
 son, Roger, living in 1326. 
 
 Richard dc Whitaker, probably son of Roger, grants lands in Symonstone 7th Edward HL ; 
 after which is a chasm down to Humphrey Whitaker, who was living 7th Henry VHL 
 
 Next
 
 Addenda.] 
 
 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 529 
 
 Next occurs Miles Whitaker, probably son of the last, who died 43d Elizabeth, leaving a 
 son and heir. 
 
 Thomas Whitaker, who occurs in 1G33, seems to have been father of Miles Whitaker, 
 born in l6l2, died 1705, aged 94. 
 
 Nicholas, living 19th Charles II. 
 
 He left Thomas Whitaker, born in lOjO, who married Elizabeth Emot, of Emot, and 
 left two sons ; 
 
 Miles, who died without issue, and 
 
 Thomas, bora in 1 70 1, who, by Elizabeth Webster, ofHargreave, left 
 
 Thomas Whitaker, who died in 1764, leaving Thomas Whitaker, Esq. who died 1794, 
 
 leaving Charles Whitaker, Esq. now possessed of the estate, who married daughter 
 
 of Samuel Horrocks, Esq. M.P. for Preston, and has issue. 
 
 P. 266. 
 The latter descents of the Starkies are here enlarged. 
 
 Edmund Starkle, 
 Esq. Counsellor 
 at Law and Bur- 
 gess for Preston, 
 in several Par- 
 liaments, o.s. p. 
 
 1 
 
 Nicholas: 
 
 Starkie, 
 
 of 
 Riddles- 
 den. 
 
 :Sarah, daugh- 
 ter and co- 
 heir of Valen- 
 tine Faring- 
 ton, of Pres- 
 ton, M.D. 
 
 John, Rec- 
 of Halnc- 
 
 ker, in the 
 county of 
 
 Sussex, 
 o. s. p. 
 
 1 
 
 Thomas:: 
 
 of 
 Preston, 
 solicitor. 
 
 : daughter 
 
 of George Bulke- 
 ley, of Charter- 
 house-square. 
 
 \Mlliani,=pMary, daughter 
 a iNler- of Thomas 
 
 chant of Fo.xley, of the 
 IMan- City of Man- 
 chester. Chester, mer- 
 chant. 
 
 I 
 
 Nicholas, 
 
 ob. s. p. 
 
 Le Gen-: 
 
 dre 
 Starkie, 
 
 Esq. 
 
 "1 
 
 : Frances, Betty .=Wi!liam 
 daughter Dixon, 
 
 of Walter of 
 
 Hawks- .Sutton, 
 
 worth, of Esq. 
 
 Hawks- 
 worth, 
 Esq. 
 
 I 
 
 Nicholas, 
 late of 
 French- 
 wood, 
 o.s. p. 
 
 Thomas, 
 Starkie, 
 
 of 
 
 Freuch- 
 
 wood, 
 
 Esq. 
 
 =pCatherine, 
 daughter 
 
 of E. 
 
 Downes, 
 
 of Shrig- 
 
 ley, CO. 
 
 Cest. Esq. 
 
 1 
 
 Ed- 
 ward 
 
 "1 —I 
 
 VVil- =pMargaret, IVhiry, 
 
 liam, another living 
 
 a sur- daughter in 
 
 geon. ofE. 1815. 
 
 Downes, 
 
 of 
 
 Shrigley. 
 
 Le Gendre Pierce Starkie, = 
 Esq. SherifiF for the 
 County of Lancaster, 
 and Colonel of the 4th 
 Lancashire Militia. 
 
 I 
 
 Francis 
 
 M.L.Y. 
 died an 
 infant. 
 
 :Charlotte, daughter of B. Preedy, D.D. 
 Rector of Brinkton, in the County 
 of Northampton, and a Justice of 
 the Peace for that County and for 
 Herefordshire. 
 
 Nicholas=p. . . . Edgar, Edward. \\'Uliani. 
 Starkie, in the 
 
 Esq. County of 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Le Gendre Star-=Elizabeth, second 
 kie, Esq. Sheriff daughter of R. 
 for the County, Gwillym, Esq. 
 1315. ofBewsey. 
 
 1 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Le 
 
 Gendre. 
 
 \ 
 
 Pierce 
 
 Le 
 Ciendre. 
 
 1 r- 
 
 Nicholas Catha- 
 Le rine. 
 
 Gendre. 
 
 1 
 
 Elizabethr 
 
 Susanna. 
 
 iHenry Roner, 
 
 Esq. of Thor- 
 nington hall, 
 Co. Suffolk. 
 
 Pierce Starkie (uncle of the first generation above) was possessed of the manor of Barnston 
 or Barnington, which is recorded as having been in the family since Edward I. After his 
 death it was separated from the Huntroyd estates, and left to another branch of the family, to 
 whom it still belongs. In consequence of a Chancery-suit, the value of this ancient estate, 
 though not the estate itself, was recovered by Le Gendre Starkie, Esq. son of N. Starkie, Esq. 
 of Riddlesden, the nearest relative in the male line to Pierce Starkie, Esq. 
 
 Anne, wife of .John Starkie, aunt of Pierce above-mentioned, survived her husband, and 
 afterwards married .... Holt, of Milton. Elizabeth, wife of Nicholas Starkie, uncle of the 
 same Pierce, was daughter of Colonel Gunter, who, with Mr. Rounsell, are mentioned in the 
 
 3 y History
 
 530 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 History of Charles II. to have hired a vessel at Brighthehn stone, in which the King made his 
 escape to France after the battle of Worcester. 
 
 The following curious Documents relating to Laurence Starkie, of Huntroid, which are 
 transcribed from a volume of very curious State Papers belonging to Miss Currer, prove him to 
 have been Sheriff of Lancashire A.D. Ij24, which is their date. 
 
 " My very good Lord, 
 
 " In my heartiest manner I commend me to you, and to thentent ye shuld p'ceive the 
 king's pleasure if the Duk of Albany shuld invade this realme, and also to have knowledge of 
 such news as I have, I send unto you as well my Lord Cardinal's letter of the king's pleasure, as 
 also Brian Tuke conserning the said news, and requiring you to send them agayn unto me, and 
 to cause all the men that ye can make to be in areadi'ss to come unto me whenever I shall 
 send for them. And I require you to cause a post or two, or as many as shall be requisite, to 
 be laid between you and Lawrence Starkey, the Sheriff of Lancashire, to thentent they may be 
 in areadiness to gif warning unto him whensoever I shall send for the men of Lancashire, and that 
 ye write unto Lawrence Starkie to lay as many post between him and the sheriff of Cheshire, to 
 gif like warning as he shall think most convenient. Also, my lord, I require you t'advertise 
 me of your news of Scotland, that ye may have sure espial there that ye may have knowledge 
 what the Duke entends to doo ; ensvvring you that I am advertised by divers espials he 
 intends too come too Carlisle, and if he soo doo, it is requisite yt ye put into it 4000 men for 
 defence thereof, unto my coming for rescue of the same. Written at Newcastell, the 6 day of 
 October. From yours aswredly, T. Surrey." 
 
 " To my very good Lord my Lord Dacre, Warden of 
 the West Marches, foreanenst Scotland." 
 
 Answer to the above. 
 " My singular good Lord, 
 " In most humbell manner I recommend me to your good lorp, and have received by post 
 your writing dated at Newcastell, the 6* of October ins*, togetherswit my Ld. Cardinal's letter 
 of the king's pleasure, and Brian Tukes I're of news, requiring me to send the same letters 
 again, and to cause warning to be given to all the men that I can make to be in areadiness to 
 give attendance on your lorp when ye shall send for them. And that I shall also cause a post or 
 two, or as many as shall be requisite to be laid betweene mee and Lawrence Starkey, the Sheriffe 
 of Lancashire, for hasty warning to be given to the men of Lancashire to give like attendance, 
 as said is. And further, that I shuld write to the said Lawrence Starkey, to cause him lay 
 as many posts between him and the Sheriff of Cheshire for such like warning to be given for 
 attendance to be had when yo' said lorp shall send for them as more at length your said writing 
 purporteth. My lord, in most humble wise I thank you for the sending me the said letters, 
 which I send to you agayn, herin inclosed; and as for warning to be geven to such persons as 
 belong to me, I shall do my best therin according to your lorps commandment. I have laid 3 posts 
 between the said Lawrence Starkey and me; one at Lancaster, another at Kendale, being l6 
 miles fro' Lancaster, the 3rd at Penrith, which is 20 miles between it and Kendale. And the said 
 post of Penrith must ride to the post accustomed besides Lanrecost, which is 22 miles from Pen- 
 
 reth.
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 531 
 
 reth. And, according to your Lo'p's commandment, I have also written to the said Lawrence to 
 cause him lay as many posts as neede shall require between him and the said Sheriff of Cheshire, 
 for like warning. And as for news out of Scotland, I cannot advertise your loi^p thereof, so 
 well as Mr. Carlisle this bearer can do who did speke w* the duke of Albany in proper person. 
 And as concerning the said Duke's nomber, I can advertise your lofp in no wise more then 
 I did in my last writing, but in brefe time I trust, God willing, to advertise your Lordship 
 thereof at leisure. And if the said Duke fortune to come toward this city of Carlisle, men may 
 be had w* difficulty to lie in the same, but there is in it neither bowes, arrows, gonnes, nor 
 gonnepovvder. And I know your L's store is but small, howbeit, if you might lat us have any 
 part thereof, if there is no sore ne perill, your lorp shall have the same delivered again willing 
 God. At the king's castell of Carlisle, 8 day of October, A° 15 H. VIII"'." 
 
 Copy of a letter to Lawrence Starkey, Sheriff of Lancashire, 
 " Trusty and wellbeloved, 
 " I commend me to you, and so it is, I have in commandment from my lord of Surrey, 
 the king's lieut, to send you this letter, herin inclosed, and also to appoint 3 posts to lie 
 between you and me ; that is to say, one post of your appointing to lie in Lancaster, another to 
 lie at Kendale, and the third at Penrith, whereof I have appointed 2, that is to say, at Kendale 
 and Penrith, to thentent that by the said posts ye may have knowledge of my lord's pleasure 
 when he shall send for you wit the men of Lancashire. Also I have like commandment from my 
 lord to write to you, that ye shall appoint and lay between you and the Sheriff of Cheshire as 
 many posts as need shall require, and shall be thought necessary by your discretion for giving 
 of like warning to the Sheriffe of Cheshire. At Carlisle, the 8 day of October, anno 15 
 H. VIII"'." 
 
 Part of a letter from the Earl of Surrey to Lord Dacre, which appears from the context 
 to be dated 1322. 
 
 " My very good Lord, 
 
 " My lord, considering the comaundment sent to me fro my Lord Cardynall, whiche I 
 sent to you, p'ying you to send the same agayne to me, I have sent I'res to all the gentihnen 
 conteyned w'in my comyssion to bee in this towne (Newcastle) the xx day of this moneth, 
 fearing they shall come slakly and w'' small powre, considering the weder that hath now been 
 and yet is : p'ying you my lord to send the paket ye shall receyve u' this, unto Lawrence 
 Sterky, v\ho shal delyver all the I'res of Lancashire to the gentihnen there, and thos that bee 
 to the gentihnen of Cheshire he shall send theym to the Shirif tlieru to convey theym, &.c. 
 
 " Writen at Newcastell, the ixth daye of Octob"". 
 
 " T. SURREVE." 
 
 Answer to the last, written, as appears, two days after the former. 
 
 " My singuler good Lord, 
 " Y' pakquet of I'res to me deliv"" yist. nigiit, I sent it away so as it com to Laurence 
 Starkye hands in Lancastre this daye, as I verily trust, be two of the clok after noone. I have 
 alsoe made proclamations throughoute all the boundes of my wardenry, cliarging cvy man to bee 
 
 in
 
 532 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 in arredines to cu' forwards upon oone houre w'nyng where as the duke take his vvey, wherof I 
 have advtised my Lord CUflbrde to be redy accordingly. 
 
 " At Carlisle the xi^^ day of Oct." 
 
 In another letter in the same collection, A° xv" H, VIII. of MSS. now the property of 
 Miss Currer, Laurence Starkie, undoubtedly of Iluntroyd, is expressly said to be Sheriff of 
 Lancashire that year. His name, however, does not appear in the catalogue. 
 
 The subject of these letters was a muster of the northern counties on the Scottish border, 
 under the apprehension of an irruption by the Duke of Albany, which after much preparation 
 and many threatenings never took place. 
 
 " To the Right Ho'ble and my very good Lord the Earle of Shrewsburye, Leiuetenant of the 
 
 North, his good Lordshipp, give these. 
 
 "After my very hartie com'endations vnto your good Lordship, like as conceiveing by the 
 contents of your letters of the five and twentieth of September, the which I received upon 
 ISIithaelmas Eve, that upon further intelligence and consideracions, and for the avoideing of 
 the Oueenes Ma*'*"^ great and exjiensive chardge, minding for the present to resist the Scottish 
 doeings with a lesse force then thole armye, if it maye be; have therefore willed me to staye 
 niyselfe and the forces of Lancashire and Cheshire at home for this present, j'our Lo'pp's former 
 letters to me addressed notwithstanding, and yet to remayne in such perfect readines as they 
 may come forwards heareafter upon any sodaine warneing if the occasion shall soe require ; soe 
 have I given present order with the captaines of both shires, whereof parte were sett forwards, 
 touching the same; and have likewise sent vnto your Lo 'ppthe names of sundrie of the cap- 
 taines and numbers appointed in both shires, whereof many be sicke and not able to serve, as 
 they have signified me, with further evidence in these thinges and others, by my servant this 
 bearer, whom I hartilye desire your Lo'pp to credite, saveing that I have omitted the captaines 
 of my owne retinue, the whiche shalbe always rcadye. Advertiseing your Lo'pp that I doe 
 estimate the distance from my howse to Newcastle to be a hundreth and twentie miles; and 
 albeit it were something lesse chardges to have greater numbers forthe of Lancashire, consider- 
 ing the distance, then the rates of the certificates of both shires doth extend vnto, yet my 
 full trust is, that your Lo'pp will please (the rather at this my request) to burthen the same 
 shires alike, rateably according to their scverall certificates, which is three thovvsand of Lanca- 
 shire and two thowsand of Cheshire, and not to overchardge the nearest for so small a matter, 
 like as your Lo'pp hath done even now, for whiche I am verie sorie ; and no doubt John 
 Osbaldston, as yee shall find, being appointed a captaine by your letters, is not meete for the 
 purpose, as knoweth our Lord God, who ever preserve your good Lo'pp in health and honour. 
 " From my howse at Newparke, the nine and twentith day of September, 1557. 
 
 " I received your Lo'pps letters forthe setting forthe of six hundreth menu, even when these 
 were allmost written, and have sent forth my letters for dispatch of the same. 
 
 " Yuur L'opp's loveing assured Freind and Cosine, 
 
 " Edwakd Derby." 
 
 Captaines
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 533 
 
 "Captaines in the County of Lancaster, 
 " 1 . S^ Richard Molyneux, knt. or his sonne and heire two hundreth. 
 
 2. S« Thomas Gerard, knt two hundreth. 
 
 3. S« Thomas Talbot, knt two hundreth. 
 
 4. S<^ Richard Hougliton, knt. because he is not able to goe himself, 
 furnisheth but a hundreth. 
 
 5. S^ Thomas Hesketh, knt. with others a hundreth. 
 
 6. S« Thomas Langton, knt. fiftie, and S»^ William Norris, knt. fiftie; 
 
 in toto : a hundreth. 
 
 7. S^ William Radclyfte, knt. or his son and heire, Alexander, which 
 
 is a hansome gentleman, and S^John Atherton, knt. joyned wiUi him a hundreth. 
 
 8. Francis Tunstall, Esq. and others a hundreth. 
 
 9. S*^ John Holcrofte, knt. or his sonne and heire, with Richard 
 
 Asheton, of Midleton, Esq. and others a hundreth. 
 
 " The reste appointed in Lancashire be of my retinue. 
 
 " Edward Derby." 
 P. 267. 
 
 A research into the Episcopal Registers of Litchfield has enabled me to make the following 
 additions to the catalogue of incumbents of Padiham. 
 
 1455- Oliver Hall, inst. ad Cantariam de Padiham, fundatore venerabili viro Mro. Joh. 
 Mareshall, LL.B, 
 
 i486. Rad. Taylor, adm. ad Cantariam de Padiham. 
 
 1494, 16 Jan. Joh. Shuttleworth, Presb. inst. ad Cant, de Padiham, vac. per mort. Taylor. 
 
 1496, Nov. 26. Wm. Hesketh, Cap. inst. ad Cant, de Padiham, per mort. Shuttleworth. 
 
 1513. Hugh Hargreave, inst. ad Cant, de Padiham, vac. per res. Wm. Eruke. 
 
 P. 289. 
 At Edisford, on the site of the hospital and chantry, are still remaining several shields of 
 arms in stonework, particularly the lion rampant and the fret of Roger de Lacy; — and to 
 throw tilings of the same kind together, at Worston, are three shields, probably brought from 
 Whalley in the time of the Asshetons, to whom it was devised by the Greenacres. — They are, 
 1st, the lion rampant of Lacy ; 2d, quarterly France and England ; 3d, three salmons hauriant 
 — (I was before mistaken in saying they were in pale) — the proper bearing of the abbey. 
 
 P- 293. — Pedigree of Nowell. 
 
 In the Lancashire visitation by , 1567, MSS. Williamson F. 30, Queen's Coll. Oxford, 
 
 is the following account of the Nowells of Little Merlay : — " William Nowell, of Little Mearley, 
 Com. Lane, second brother to Adam Nowell, had yssue Henry, who married and had yssue 
 Roger, his eldest sonne, with others. Arms, P. pale quarterly of 4; 1st and 4th, Nowell in 
 the 1st, a crescent in chief for dift'. ; 2d and 3d, a pelican vuhieratixig herself and feeding her 
 young, Or. ; nest on the stump of a tree, between two branches, leaved proper." This coat is 
 
 unknown to me. — I am indebted for this information to the Rev. Ralph Churton. 
 
 P. 294.
 
 534 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 P. 294. WORSTON. 
 
 I have now before me an original charter, which has been erroneously ascribed to John de 
 Lacy tlie first, whereas it evidently belongs to John the second, having been granted before his 
 second marriage, which entitled bim to the style of Earl of Lincoln. The date may most pro- 
 bably be tixed about the year 1220. The seal, with an equestrian figure, is partly remaining, 
 but the inscription has been frittered away. 
 
 " Sciant, &.C. quod ego Joh' de Lascy Constabular. Cestr. &c. &c. &c. Gvvidoni filio 
 Thome de Cherlton . . . unam bovatam tre in villa de W'rtheston, quam Will^ praepositus de 
 
 eadem villa de me tenere consuevit reddendo inde annuatim mi' et haeredibus meis pro 
 
 omni servicio et exactione duo collaria ad leporarios ad festum Sci Osvvaldi. 
 
 " Hiis testibus. D"° Hug. Pincerna et Alano Clerico tunc Senescallis. Henr. de Notinghamj 
 Colin de Quartermar', Ebrardo Teutonico (a Tyas whom I never met with before), Baldwino 
 Theuton, Walto de Ludliam, &c." 
 
 Next follows another grant by the same Gwido, as appears, who had then assumed the 
 local name of Worston, to Adam his son. 
 
 " Sciant, &c. quod ego Ydo de Wrston, d. &c. Ade filio meo, totam terram meam cum 
 prato in territorio de Wrston ; tenend. sicut ego tenui de Job. de Lascy, reddendo inde annua- 
 tim duo collaria leporar. de fest. Sci Egidii (the first grant has St. Oswald). 
 
 What follows is very singular: 
 
 " Pro hac autem donatione dedit mihi dictus Adam dentem solidi argenti in neate (proba- 
 bly necessitate) mea. 
 
 " Hiis testibus Ad. de Blakeburn tunc Senescallo de Blakeburneshire, Hug. f. Hug. Cunstab. 
 Castr. de Clyd. Ad. Noel, Joh. de Heriz, Walt, de Wadinton, Walter de Standen, Hug. 
 Ouerderaj', &c." 
 
 These charters, which are contained in a small box apparently coeval with the older, are 
 accompanied by two dog-collars, which have evidently not been used. 
 
 It seems probable, therefore, that they were constantly kept by the owners of the estate, 
 in order to make the payment if demanded, and to save a forfeiture. They are studded with 
 brass nails, and fringed with green silk. 
 
 P. 338. — Gawthorp. 
 
 A later examination of this house has enabled me to correct and enlarge the account of it, as 
 follows : — 
 
 The house, jjrobably begun by the Chief Justice, but certainly finished by Laurence Shut- 
 tleworth, rector of Wichford, his next brother and successor in the estate, is a lofty embattled 
 pile, with large embayed windows, of many lights. The whole is covered with lead, and 
 surmounted by a single turret in the middle of the roof. 
 
 After long abandonment and neglect, it has lately been re-fitted and re-furnished, with 
 great taste, by the present owner. The hall, a large wainscoted room of two stories, with a 
 gallery, has been converted into a dining-room, and the former dining-room into a drawing- 
 room. The fine oak wainscot is much in the same style with that at Levens and Sizergh, and inlaid 
 in the same manner. The plaister-work; with deep cornices, and a sort of stalactites, from the 
 
 roof.
 
 Addenda] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 535 
 
 roof, is rich and entire. The fire-places are of the original massy stonework, each with 
 elevated hearths and stone ridges, which render fenders unnecessary. Nothing is to be 
 lamented but the want of light external objects, which are excluded by the height of the win- 
 dows. On the fourth floor of the house, and looking to the South, is a gallery twenty-five 
 yards long, in which, for the present, are placed the numerous family portraits ; among which» 
 among others of later date, are to be distinguished the builder or finisher, in a clergyman's 
 habit, with the arms and difference of a second brother ; next, his brother Thomas, in a turn- 
 over, exactly resembling that on the portraits of Shakespeare ; and his lady, a Lever, in a large 
 ruff. After this pair, are a very handsome pair of portraits; namely, Richard Shuttleworth^ 
 Esq. with a very acute and elegant countenance, about fifty, with a plain Puritan band ; and his 
 lady, heiress of Barton, with a high-crowned hat on the top of a very elaborate head-dress. 
 His son, Captain William Shuttleworth, who was killed fighting for the Parliament, appears in 
 armour, w ith smoke, and an indistinct view of an engagement in the back-ground. 
 
 After these are several of later date, which I am unable to appropriate. In the dining- 
 room below is an excellent painting, by Wright of Derby, of James Shuttkworth, Esq. grand- 
 father of the present owner, his lady, and a daughter. 
 
 For the Pedigree of the Shuttleworth family a few corrections are here subjoined : — ^Ann, 
 wife of Thomas, died in 1G37, aged 68. Richard, their son, married Fleetwood, daugh- 
 ter and heiress of R. Barton, of Barton, Esq. His brother, Nicholas Shuttlewordi, was of 
 Forcet. The wife of James Shuttleworth, Esq. was daughter and heiress of Robert Holden, 
 Esq. of Aston. The present possessor of Gawthorp married Janet, daughter of Sir John Ma- 
 joribanks, bart. 
 
 P. 344. — TowNLEY Pedigree. 
 In the church of Brotherton, in the North aile, the burial-place of the Byron family, is 
 a mural monument, thus inscribed : 
 
 Sub saxo, quod pedibus teris, jacet 
 
 Clemens Tovvneley, 
 
 Ricardi Towneley de Towneley, in agro Lancastrensi, Arm. 
 
 Filius natu maximus, 
 
 E Maria dementis Paston, Norfolciensis, itidem Arm. filia, 
 
 Puer XH annorum, et ejus indolis ingenuae 
 
 Quam in grandioribus vix inveneris. 
 
 In coaetaneis frustra quaesieris : 
 
 Ne autem in loco cui nullius majorum cineres concrediti 
 
 Lateret ignotus. 
 
 Hoc qualecunque monumentum benemerentis filii memoriae 
 
 Mcesti parentes posuere. 
 
 Obiit A.D.I 066. 
 
 14Cal. Jul. 
 
 On the Stone beneath : 
 
 Hie jacet 
 
 Cle.mens Towneley. 
 
 P. 429.
 
 536 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 P. 352. Pedigree of Whitaker of Holme. 
 
 Tlie Rev. Thomas Thoresby Whitaker, A.M. died in consequence of a fall from horseback, 
 August 28, 1817, at the Vicarage house of Ribchester, and was interred Sept. 2d, in the 
 Chapel of Holme, where a tablet of white marble is inscribed to his memory, with the following 
 Epitaph : — 
 
 A. M. Q. 
 
 THOMAE.THORESBEIO.WHITAKERO.A.M. 
 
 ECCLESIAE . ANGLICANAE . PRESBYTERO 
 
 NEC.INDOCTO.NECINDISERTO.NECIN.INFIRMOS 
 
 INOPESVE . OFFICII . SVI . VNQVAM . IMMEMORI 
 
 GNATO . CONIVGI . PARENTI . HAVD . POENITENDO 
 
 LITERARVM . GRAECARVM . ADPRIME . GNARO 
 
 MORIBVS . SOCIIS . STVDIISQVE . LIBERALIBVS 
 
 ORE . ETIAM . EXTINCTO . SPIRITV . VENVSTO . AC . BENIGXO 
 
 INGENIO . CAETERA . MITISSIMO . SOLA . IN . VITIA . ASPERO 
 
 DISCIPLINA . DENIjQVE . CHRISTIANO . PENITVS . IMBVTO 
 
 CVIVS . INTER . NOVISSIRIOS . CRVCIATVS 
 
 SOLATIA PARVM . INCERTA . EXPERIEBATVR 
 
 PARENIVM . SPES . AC . DELICIAE 
 
 ANTE . DIEM . XI . EQVO . LAPSVS . MORTEM . OBIIT 
 
 IV . CAL . SEPT . A . S . MDCCCXVII. 
 
 ANNOS.NATVS.HEV.PAVCOS. XXXI. MENSES.VII. DIES. XXVIII. 
 
 RELICTA . CONIVGE . MOESTISSIMA 
 
 CVM . FILIOLO . VNICO . MOERORIS . EXPERTE 
 
 PROPE . GERMANAM . CARISSIMAM 
 
 ITA . ENIM . MORIENS . IPSE . IVSSERAT 
 
 FRATERNO . CORPORE . DEPONENDO 
 
 HAEC . CITRA . SESQVIANNI . SPATIVM . BIS . ORBVS 
 
 IN . IMMENSI . DESIDERII . SOLAMEN . QVALECVNQVE 
 
 SCRIPSI . PATER 
 
 P. 429. — Walton. 
 
 The Manor of Walton was granted by Henry de Lacy the first, probably about the 
 year II30, as follows : 
 
 " H. de Lacy, &c. dedi Rob. Banastre Walatun cum pert. Meiver et Heccleshall et Hara- 
 vuda et duas Derewentas, &c. pro servitip unius Militis. Test. Ric. fil. Gubalt : et W. fil. Adelm, 
 et W. de Federstun, et Hugh fil. Lefwin, et Elway fra. ejus," &c. 
 
 The
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 537 
 
 The fourth of these is the original Grantee of Alvetham. 
 
 It passed to the Langtons as follows: — " Edmundus Hen. R. Angl. fil. dedi D'no Joh. de 
 Langton amico karo maritag. Alicie consang. et her. D'ni Rob, Banastr. defunct."* 
 
 The Chapel of Walton, which stands on a pleasant elevation, has been nearly rebuilt 
 excepting the choir, within tlie last twenty years, or little more, and a kind of transept has 
 lately been added to it. 
 
 The following are the principal epitaphs: 
 
 On a brass plate, 
 
 Here lyeth 
 
 the body of a pure virgin, espoused to the Man C* Jesus, 
 
 Mrs. Cordelia Hoghton, whose honorable descent you know. 
 
 Know now her ascent. 
 
 " While in that hall this virgin did remain. 
 To which this antient chappell doth pertain, 
 Christ by his friends prov'd her affection kind. 
 By pore, sick, sore, diseas'd, and blind ; 
 And hourely finding at his mercy seat 
 So many prayers both from and for her met, 
 Kindly invites her, by his Servant Pale, 
 To the hill country from this lower dale. 
 She knew his face : with heart and soul most free, 
 Behold the hand- maid of the Lord, said shee. 
 So fits her for th'ascent, which proving steep. 
 And shee not weell in breath, stopt here to weep. 
 But call'd on to make speed by hasty Death, 
 Left her tir'd body here to gather breath. 
 Her soul, sound in this faith rehears'd above, 
 And constant in her, vow'd pure virgin love : 
 Mounts Sion Hill, loos'd from corruption's band, 
 A Maid of Honour with the Lamb to stand. 
 " A. H. P. Sepult. May 29, 1685." 
 
 A handsome plain monument, with the arms carved above, made of white marble: 
 
 " Underneath this seat lies tlie body of S"" Charles Hoghton, Bart. He was a gentleman 
 of exemplary piety and extensive usefulness. 
 
 " Died the 10* of June 17IO, 
 
 aged 66. 
 
 Also the body of Dame Mary Hoghton, 
 
 eldest daughter of John L'' Viscount Maserene, 
 
 *Dods. V. 131— 132. 
 
 32 i»
 
 5:js . HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 in the kingdom of Ireland, 
 
 and relict of S'' Charles Iloghton, Bar'. 
 
 she was a lady sincerely religious, 
 
 and valuable in every relation ; 
 
 remarkable for humility, 
 
 and diffusive in charity, 
 
 died the 30th of April 1732. 
 
 They lived desired, 
 
 and died lamented. 
 
 ' The memory of the just is blessed'." 
 
 A plain brass plate : 
 
 " By the appointment of Sir Charles Hoghton, Bart, deceased, this plate of brass is here 
 affixed to intimate to all persons whatsoever, that it was his desire, nobody for time to come 
 should be buried under this seat or pew, belonging to the Hoghtons, where his remains are 
 interred, except the Lady Hoghton, his relict, if she so desire. Anno Domini 1710." 
 
 A neat white marble slab, with an urn : 
 
 " Sir Henry Hoghton, Bart. 
 
 died March 9th, 1795, 
 
 aged 67." 
 
 A white marble slab: a truly modest account of a gallant soldier. His deeds will be 
 recorded in the annals of his country : 
 
 " Major General Daniel Hoghton, 
 
 died in the battle at Albuera, 
 
 in Spain, May l6th, 1811, 
 
 aged 41." 
 
 A brass plate, with the arms engraved on the top of it : 
 
 " Here lieth the body of Sarah, the wife 
 
 ^ of Ralph Assheton, eldest son of 
 
 Richard Assheton, of Cuerdale, Esq. who 
 
 departed this life in the 21st year 
 
 of her age, June the 20th, anno Domini 1700. 
 
 Nunc obiit, cohibe lachrymas, nee credito, lector, 
 Vitam, quae fuerat non nisi sancta, brevem." 
 
 Cut in stone: the arms of the Hoghtons above, and motto, " Malgre le tout." 
 
 " The South part of this Chancel belongs to 
 Sir Gilbert Hoghton, knt. and bart. builded . . . ." (date obliterated.) 
 
 "The
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 539 
 
 The arms of the Asshetons, with several quarterings, with the motto 
 
 "Nee arrogo, nee dubito." 
 
 The whole of tliese monuments and inscriptions are in the chancel of Walton-le-dale 
 church. 
 
 As part of the great engagement betwixt Duke Hamilton and Cromwell, A. D. 1648, was 
 fought within Walton (for Darwen Stream with blood of Scots embrued,) is one of the boun- 
 daries of the township, I had hoped that some memorials of such an event might have been 
 found in the Register of the Chapel, but unfortunately that record does not commence till, 
 several years later. 
 
 It contains, however, an entry of the interment. of a captain and three soldiers slain in the 
 second battle of Preston, and interred Nov. I715. 
 
 The manor of Walton passed from the Langtons, palatine barons of Newton, to the an- 
 cestors of Sir Henry Hoghtou, Bart, the present lord, on a very singular occasion. 
 
 I saw, more than fifteen years ago, the copy of a memorial addressed to Oueen Elizabeth 
 and the Privy Council, A. R. iS, by Henry Earl of Derby, Lord Lieutenant of the county, 
 and the Grand Jury, stating the following facts : 
 
 Richard Hoghton, of Hoghton Tower, I^sq. who then resided at his house of Lea, near 
 Preston, had a feud with the Baron of Newton, his neighbour. Other mutual provocations 
 seem to have taken place, but the last fact whicji brought the matter to a crisis was this — 
 Mr. Hoghton had taken some cattle belonging to a Widow Singleton, damage feasant, and 
 impounded them at Lea. The Widow was patronized by the Baron, who in the spirit of the 
 times, took this short and decisive method of replevying the goods. He assembled eighty 
 men, well armed, and on a Sunday evening presented himself in this array on a lawn directly 
 in front of the house at Lea. Mr. Hoghton, though he had only thirty men, rashly sallied 
 out of the house, and a regular engagement took place, in whic(i himself and one of his ser- 
 vants were left dead upon the spot. In this memorial the Lord Lieutenant and Grand Jury 
 complain that no Jury could be empannelled to try the indictment preferred against the 
 Baron and his accomplices for the murder. Thus the matter lingered for some time, until the 
 Hoghton family were at length content to accept a rich manor, and the Baron to part with 
 his best estate, rather than abide the uncertain issue of a verdict. 
 
 P. 430. — Sa.mlesbury. 
 
 The following letter from William Lord Eure and Thomas Lord Wharton^ contains a very 
 ho.iourable testimony to the courage and knightly qualities of Sir John Southworth. It bears 
 date Oct. 22, 1557. 
 
 " To the Right Hon. oure singular good Lord Francis, Erie of Shrewsbury, Lord Lieut' 
 in the North, these haste. 
 
 As to your tps lettres of the xxth, understanding that ther was no enterprize appointed upon 
 ye enemie on this syde, therefore Mr. Tunstall is passed from Berwickc, and to-morrow Sir 
 
 Thomas
 
 540 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 Thomas Talbot, John Osbaldiston, and Tho. Charnocke, prepares to passe from this towne to 
 Berwicke. And since our lettre, written with Mr. Tunstall, wherein wee named also S"" Jhon 
 Southvvorth iiis going away, hee hath made request y* wee would bee a meanes to y'' tp, yt he 
 might continue in service here with his hundred men, and to have alsoe putt to his leading an 
 other hundred men. Hee sayes hee is a yonge man, and desirous to knowe svice in warr; and as 
 wee thinke hym to bee comended therein, being a towarde and tall gentlilman, wee require y' 
 tp to favour this his honest suit." 
 
 P. 431. — Balderstone. 
 
 The following is a curious Memorial of the heiress of the Family, who derived their name 
 from this place, and were lords of it during many generations : — 
 
 Seventh day of January 1497- I> Dame Jane Pilkinton, widow, make and ordain this 
 my last Will and Testament. 
 
 First, I bex:|ueth my bodye to be buried in ye Nunnes Quire of Monketou, in my habit, 
 holding my hande upon my breast, with my ring upon my finger, having taken in my resolves 
 the mantel and the ring; and whereas, &c. &c. stand seized in all my moieties of the Manner 
 of Balderston, and all other Messes, &c. which were W"" Balderston, my fader, in the townes 
 of Balderston, Mellor, &c. my will and mind is, that my said feoffees shall suffer me to receive 
 the rent and pfits of the si^ lands during life, and after my decease, that they stand to the 
 use of Sir James Harrington, knt. my sister's son, and after his decease, to the use of Thomas 
 Talbot, of Bashal, son and heir of Edm. Talbot, Esq. and Jone his wife, d^ and one of the 
 coheirs of Sir Robert Harrington, of Hornby Castle, k', and the lady Isabel his wyff, my sister, 
 and the heirs of the body of the s'^ Tho' Talbot, for ever, and for default, &c. then to thuse 
 of Rich"! Radcliffe and Ellen his wife, which Ellen was aunt to mee, and sister unto W"» Bal- 
 derston my fader, and to those of Osbaldeston, son and heir of John Osbaldeston and Eliz. his 
 wyff, another sister of W"^ Balderston, my fader. 
 
 P. 431. — Osbaldeston. 
 
 This is a small township, but of great fertility, stretching along the Southern bank of the 
 Ribble, about half of which was the demesne of the Osbaldestons, and the rest demised to 
 tenants. 
 
 The manor-house, which stands low and sheltered, within a moat, is pretty entire, though 
 greatly mutilated. It appears to have consisted of a centre and two wings, opening southward, 
 with a deep j)r(kjection in the middle of the central part. What remains appears, from the style 
 and arms, to have been erected by Sir Edward Osbaldeston, about the latter end of the reign 
 of James the First. 
 
 The present cow-house, at the West end, appears to have been a gallery about 60 feet 
 long, with two deep embayed windows and transom lights. 
 
 The up])cr room in the central projection is fitted up with brown wainscot, in oblong and 
 lozenge pannels. 
 
 In
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 54 1 
 
 In the plaster above the chimney-piece are the arms and numerous quarterings of the family, 
 with the cyphers E. O — D. O. 
 
 Over the stable-door, on the impost, are the family arms, with the cyphers 35 and "15, with 
 the date 1593. 
 
 On the open green, westward from the house, are lines of large stones, forming three sides 
 of a quadrangle, which seem to have been intended as bases for crooks of oak, and to have 
 formed the outline of a more ancient house. There is yet a tradition, that the chapel projected 
 from the North wall, near the kitchen door, and nearly from the corner where the rude figure 
 of Hercules is wrought into the wall. 
 
 The woods of this township and Salesbury, which had been completely destroyed, are now 
 rising again into consequence under tiie fostering hand of their present noble possessor, so that 
 the aspect of several miles along the North side of this fertile valley is annually imj)roving in 
 beauty, as ivS the estate itself in value. 
 
 OSBALDSTON, of OsBALDSTON. 
 
 John Osbaldston of Osbaldston, Esq. son and heir of married Elizabeth, 
 
 daughter of Richard, and sister of William Boiderston, of Bolderston ; had issue Richard. 
 
 Richard Osbaldston, of Osbaldston, Esq. son and heir of John, married Grace, daughter 
 of Mr. Allen Singleton; had issue Sir Alexandei-, Gilbert, Henry. 
 
 Sir Alexander Osbaldston, of Osbaldston, knt. son and heir of Richard, lived until 25th 
 Henry \T II. married two wives; first, Ann, daughter oF Sir Christopher Southworth, of 
 Southworth, knt. by her had issue John ; to his second wife Ellen, daughter of Thomas Til- 
 desley, of Weardley, Esq. by whom he had issue Richard Osbaldston, of Sunderland ; Ann, 
 married to John Talbot, Esq. Isabel, to William Clifton, Esq.; Ann, to Mr. Edmund Lang- 
 ton, Esq.; Elizabeth, to Henry Kighley, Esq.; Jane, to William Gerard, Esq.; Cecily, to 
 Thomas Molyneux, Esq. ; Henry. 
 
 Sir John Osbaldston, of Osbaldston, knt. son and heir of Sir Alexander, married two 
 wives; first, Margaret, daughter of George Stanley, Lord Strange ; by her had issue Edward ; 
 Margaret, married unto Mr. Robert Aspden; Thomas, who married and had issue Edward, 
 Thomas, Margaret, Ellen, Dorothy, 30th Elizabeth. To his second wife, dame Jane, widow 
 and relict of Sir Thomas Halsall, knt. by her had no issue. 
 
 Edward Osbaldston, of Osbaldston, Esq. son and heir of Sir John, married Matild, 
 daughter of Sir Thomas Halsall, knt. about id Edward VI. died 33d Elizabeth; had issue John; 
 Geoffery, a Justice of the law ; Hamlet, Margaret, Cecily, married to Mr. George Singleton. 
 
 John Osbaldston, of Osbaldston, Esq. son and heir of Edward, lived about the 30th Elizabeth, 
 married Ellen, daughter and coheir of John Bradley, of Bradley Hall, Esq.; had issue Sir 
 Edward, Thomas, Sebastian, Richard, John, Elizabeth, married unto Mr. John Eltonhead ; 
 
 Ann, to Mr. Scaresbrecke ; Mary, to Mr. Henry Eccleston. 
 
 Sir Edward Osbaldston, of Osbaldston, son and heir of John, was knighted by King James, 
 died 13th king Charles the First, of blessed memory, married Mary, daughter of Henry Tar- 
 rington, of Hutton Grange, Esq. had issue John; Alexander, now living (1667) ; Francis, a 
 priest ; Cuthbert ; Matild, married unto Mr. Thon)as Osbaldston, of Walton ; Ann, to 
 
 Mr.
 
 542 
 
 HISTORY OF VVHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 l\Ir. Thomas Blenkinsop, of Helbeck, in Westmoreland ; Robert, 5th son, married Jane, 
 daughter of Mr. Singleton, widow of Mr. Cholmley, had issue Edward, Alexander. 
 
 John Osbaldston, of Osbaldston, Esq. son and heir of Sir Edward, married two wives; first, 
 Jane, danchttr of Anthony Mounson, of Lincolnshire, Esq.; by her had issue Mary, dead, not 
 married : to his second wife, Frances, daughter of Sir Richard Tempest, of Bowling, in York- 
 shire, knt. ; by her had issue Edward, dead sans issue, aged 14 years. This Frances survived 
 her said husband, and was after married unto Mr. John Ward, professor of physic. 
 
 Alexander Osbaldston, of Osbaldston, Esq. second son of Sir Edward, enjoyed the estate, 
 and was aged 62 years 13 Sept. lG6"4, living 1667 ; married Ann, daughter of Sir John Talbot, 
 of Salburye, knt. ; hath issue John, dead young ; Edward, aged then twelve years ; Alexander, 
 Michael, James, Katherine, Margaret, Ann, Joane. 
 
 " William Lord Eure and Thomas Lord Wharton, their Letter to the Right Honorable 
 the Earl of Shrewsburv, about the Gentlemen of Lancashire in Service against the 
 Scotts. 
 
 " Ritrht Hon'^'^ and our singular good Lord, we have received y"" LordP' three several letters 
 of the iSth, 19th, and 20th of this instant October, for answere whereunto it may please your 
 L'dsbip, that where there was thirteen hundred footmen, with all the horsemen, appointed by 
 our very good Lord the Earl of Northumberland, and our very good Lord the Lord Talbot, 
 your LordP* son, to serve ferth of Barwick, we made answer as y' L'dship hath been advertised 
 from us, and trusteth that the same is to y"" L'dship's pleasure, and so as we thought our said 
 verv good Lords would have been al^^, pleased tiierewith. The town of Berwick being the 
 chief fortress, we wrote our letters y' half the hoi-smen in that towne, with three hundred and 
 fifty footmen, with arms, ordinance, and munition, should be ready to serve vpon their L'dship's 
 letters therefore. And to y"^ Ld'ship's letters of the 19*'', we were glad y* the advertisement of the 
 enemy was to y' Lordship's pleasure; and as to y"' Lordship's letters of the 20th, understanding 
 V* there was no enterprise u|X)n the enemy appointed on this side, therefore Mr. Tunstall is 
 passed from Berwick and his band with our letter to y' L'dship, and to-morrow S"" Thomas 
 Talbot, John Osbaldston, and Thomas Charnocke, prepares to pass from this towne to Berwick 
 with their numbers, according to y'' L'dships commandment, signified in the s<i letter. And 
 since our letter, written with Mr. Tunstall, wherein we named also S'' John Southworth his 
 goino- away, he hath made request to us that would be a meanes to y'' Lordship that he might 
 continue in service here with his hundred men, and to have also put to his leading an other 
 hundred footmen. He sayes he is a young man, and desirous to know service in warr, and as 
 we think him to be commended therein, being a toward and tall gentleman, we require of y'' 
 Ld'ship to favour this his honest suit, and we have thought good to suflfer his tarry untill we shall 
 know yf Ld'ship's commandment ttierein ; and have been so bold to appoint Capt. Woodward, 
 with his band, being my Lord Latimer's servants and tenants, to pass away from Berwick this 
 three and twentieth of this month, as S'' John Southworth should have done. We pray your 
 L'dship, in these, to take our doings to \ our good pleasure ; and for our opinion what garisons 
 shall be requisit to lye therein, upon the fronters and in the town of Berwick, we beseech y"" 
 L'dship to consider yt we know not what power the Enemy will lay on their borders ; and it 
 
 is
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 54.J 
 
 is known to men of experience, y* tlieir borders are of more force power than the borders on tliis 
 side are, and now the force of Aymoiithe, with the furniture of their ordinance and inventions; 
 and we know not of what power their marches on their side are, but do hear say y' they are 
 more strong in force than heretofore tliey have been : this together, as we think, moveth to 
 have strong garrisons, especially in Berwick, Norham, and Warke. The circuit of Berwick is 
 very great ; the watch and ward must be strong, for all suddain occasions. Our very good 
 Lords of the Kinge and Oueene's \Ja*"^' Councell, in the beginning of this last summer, the 
 Peax standing and knowing the weakness of this towne, appointed a thowsand men to continue 
 here, whereof five hundred soldiers, with five hundred workmen and labourers, to be ready to 
 serve upon all events y* might happen : Aymouth was then not begun to be fortified. Y"" L\iship's 
 noble wisdome, with such as are there of great knowledge of this town, can better consider and 
 order the numbers and suerty of Berwick, this winter, than we are able to write; and for our 
 simple opinion, we would not write under sixteen hundred good soldiers, footmen, and under 
 the leading of worthy captains, to be in the same, which is sixe hundred more than was 
 appointed in peace ; and yet we shall beseech y"" L'dship to know the opinions of men of more 
 knowledge and experience then we be of, whether a more number were convenient to be here 
 or no, vntill this troubled time were fully known of the enemy or better established. 
 Yt may please y"" L'dship to have in }•■ hon'*^*^ remembrance the supjjlication was scut to y^ 
 L'dship for the old poor garison of horsemen here, who by want and poverty decayeth, and 
 are like thereby to be utterly decayed from service, without helj) be provided for them in this 
 manner. Fourpence and threejience halfpenny by the day, is not able to maintain the man 
 and horse, but a charge to their Highnesses, and want of serviceable horsemen, which may not 
 be spared. Requiring y'' L'dship to continue our good Lord for the service of their Highnesses, 
 and as y'' L'dship hath and shall have occasion. And Almighty God send unto y'' L'dship 
 most prosperous success. At their Majesties Castle of Berwick, the two and twentieth of 
 
 October 1557- 
 
 " Your good LordP'* to commaund, 
 
 " WiLMAM El'UE, 
 
 " Thomas Wharton. 
 " To the Right Hon*"'^ our singular good Lord, 
 Francis Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Lief- 
 tenant in the North, these. Haste." , 
 
 I have never been able to ascertain how and when this manor was alienated by the last 
 possessor of the name, who was reduced to the situation of an accoucheur at Preston. But it 
 was afterwards the property of a Barrister of the name of Harmon, owi;er also of Great Mi-arley. 
 He had an only daughter, who survived to within the last ten years, the widow of a Colonel 
 Wilson. These parties, having no surviving child, about thirty years ago sold the manor of 
 Osbaldeston to the late Sir George Warren, for ,5^.5000, and ,^.400 for their joint lives 
 (qu. and that of the survivor?). He died soon after, and his widow «nrvived him upwards of 
 twenty years. 
 
 I» jr >
 
 544 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 P- 453, '• 1^- — HUNDERSFIELD. 
 
 The latticed screen of this chapel has the cypher I. H. and the eagle's talon, which appears 
 to have been a cognizance of the Holts. — Near the altar is this modest and pleasing inscription : 
 
 " Edmundus 'I'hornley, Presbyter, annos septuaginta et tres natus, plus triginta septem 
 hujus capellre vicarius, coelebs mortuus, subter sepultus est 8° Dec. I727. — Vir satis eru- 
 ditus, sorte luunili contentus, meliore dignus." 
 
 Tiie chapel was sold for 40*'. a. 7 Edw. VI. by Traft'ord and Bold, the commissioners, 
 to Rob. Holt, of Stubley, Esq. and others, for Divine Service. — It was certainly founded 
 A.D. 147G. 
 
 Great Haworth. 
 
 Tiiis place is remarkable not only for having given name and origin to a family which conti- 
 nued in possession of it from the origin of local surnames to the beginning of the present reign, but 
 for having the reputation of being the parent stock of the Ducal house of Howard. 
 
 A very curious collection of evidences relating to the place and name having lately been put 
 into niy hands, I will endeavour to shew on what foundation that opinion rests, and at the 
 same time point out the nature of that evidence, in which the greatest heralds and genealogists 
 have been willing to acquiesce. 
 
 Among these evidences is an illuminated Roll, drawn up under the immediate inspection of 
 Sir ^^'iiliam Dugdale, and attested under his own hand. In this all the descents of the family, 
 from the aera of deeds without date, and undoubtedly ascending to the reign of Henry H. are 
 traced with great fidelity and exactness, and extracts from the original vouchers given in the margin. 
 This is deduced to Theophilus Haword or Haworth, M.D., A.D. 166G. Now in all this there 
 is not an iota of proof which connects, or purports to connect, the Hawords, or Haworths, of 
 Great Haworth, with the Howards of Wiggenhal in Norfolk. Moreover, the arms of this 
 family, viz. Az. a bend between two stags heads couped Or, bear not the smallest resemblance 
 to those of the great family with whom they are made to claim an alliance. 
 
 Let us hear now Dugdale's attestation gravely subscribed by himself. 
 
 " Praefatus Theophilus Haword filius est et hseres Edmundi Howord de Howord, arm. fil. 
 et h. Roberti Howord, arm. fil. et h. Edm. Howord de H." &c. &c. &c. — all which descents are 
 clearly made out, up to Orme de Howord. 
 
 " Qui Orme de Howord habuit terras in villa de Howord in villa de Todmorden, in Parva 
 Wordil. Henrico de Howord, pro insigni erga Dominum Regem Hen. HI™ olim serenissi- 
 mum Angliae Regem fidelitate, dictus d'nus dedit et concessit certas terras in territorio de 
 Howord, in villa Honoresfeld, in parochia de Rachdale, eumque canum venaticorum, cervorum 
 magistrum, et primatum saltuarium constituit. Ob banc igitur rationcm ab eo tempore prse- 
 dictus H. H. et universi sanguinis successores, scutum coeruleuin, bendam inter dua cervonim 
 capita decollata, pro suis insignibus semper gesserunt. 
 
 " Ex hac insuper Howordorum, de Howord Hall, perantiqua sede et familia, Wilhelmum 
 Howard de Wigenhall, in Com. Norfolciae, legis peritissimum, in unum Justiciariorum Regis 
 Edw. I. merito evectum, illustres Howunlorum Norfolciic Duces, &c. &c. et universos How- 
 ardorum generosos, origines et nomen deduxisse, ex aniuio existimol" 
 
 Such
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 
 
 Six 
 
 Such is the evidence for this magnificent alliance — ex animo existimo! 
 
 But I must not dissemble that there is, among these papers, an elder roll, which would prove, 
 if it were allowed to prove any thing, the very reverse of the proposition which the capacious 
 faith of Dugdale received, namely, that the Haworths, of (ireat Haworth, are descended from 
 a younger son of the Norfolk line. Moreover, it so happens, that in another genealogical roll 
 of the family, also subscribed by Dugdale, this grant of the office of Master of the Hounds 
 is ascribed to Henry H. 
 
 In this total defect of proof, however, as drowning men catch at a twig, recourse was once 
 more had to Dugdale, who attests, that in a MS. entitled " Iter Lancastrense," by Richard 
 James, B.D. Fellow of Corpus Christi College, and a friend of Sir Robert Cotton, the same 
 origin is ascribed to the Ducal House of Howard ; that is, James said, fifty years before, what 
 Dugdale repeated, and both without a shadow of proof. 
 
 But to return to the elder roll, which appears to have been drawn up about the latter end 
 of Elizabeth. 
 
 Here the matter (for it seems to have been an old piece of family vanity) is stated thus: 
 
 William, borne at Howard, and tooke his surname^pThe widow of Roger Bigot, 
 Howard, and was one of the Counsell of King I Earle of Norfolk, and had 
 Henrv II. and maried by the Kinges means. j yssue three sonnes. 
 
 r '- \ r ' 
 
 Robert Howard, Erie Jolin Howard, Osbert Howard, of Howard, in ye Countye of Lancaster, 
 of Gloucester, knt. to whom ye Kinge gave seartaine lands in Rochdale, 
 
 and made him master of tlie Buckhounds, &c. 
 
 And for this not a particle of evidence is produced or pretended. After all, the name of 
 the Ducal house was personal (Hayward, or the Keeper of the Pale), and that of the far inferior 
 family in Lancashire, radically distinct from the former, was local, and taken from Howard, or 
 Howarth, the Saxon 5 in charters, after the Conquest, being sometimes crossed and some- 
 times not. 
 
 After Dugdale's ex animo existimo, it is remarkable enough that he is completely silent, in 
 the Baronage, on the Lancashire Howorde *. 
 
 P- 459. — Rochdale. 
 
 To the old families in this parish, which have not been adverted to and are now extinct, 
 some remembrance is due. These were, the Schofields, of Schofiekl Hall, the Butterworths 
 of Belfield, the Halli wells of Pikehouse. Two only of any antiquity remain, or are resident in 
 this extensive and populous parish ; namely, the Entwisles of Foxholes, and the Crossleys of 
 Scacliffe, formerly called Crosslegh, near Todmorden, who have been seated at that place from 
 an a;ra which cannot be ascertained. In the course of this Work, I have been much indebted 
 to the present respectable representative of that family, John Crossley, Esq. 
 
 At Underwood, near this town, about fourteen years ago, was found a small iron box, 
 containing a rouleau of Roman brass coins ; folles of the Lower Empire, in general extremely 
 fair and fresh. Those which I have seen, besides a small brass of the Emperor Tacitus, 
 are of Constantius Caesar, Maximian, and Dioclesian. The obverse of one, apparently Dio- 
 
 * Baronage, V. II. p. 267. Printed 167(;. 
 
 4 A clesian
 
 546 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 olesian is nearly effaced ; the reverse, a figure of Moncta, with a balance and coruucopiae, cir- 
 cumscribed MONETA. S. AVGG. ET. CAES. 
 
 The le?c nd on the reverse of all the rest is the same : GENIO. POPVLI. ROMANI. The 
 fio'ure a genius, with a patera and cornucopias. 
 
 P. 464. — Stonyhurst. 
 On the North West border of the County is the ancient seat of the Shireburn family. After 
 the death of Sir Nicholas Shireburn, Bart, in I72O, it was possessed by his daughter, Mary 
 Dutchess of Norfolk, till 1 754. It then became the property of Edward Weld, Esq. of Lull- 
 worth Castle, Dorset, whose Son, the late Thomas Weld, Esq. converted it, in 1794, into a 
 college, or house of education, for young pupils of the Roman Catholic religion. This gentle- 
 man's benevolent view was, to facihtate the means of rehgious and literary instruction for per- 
 sons of his own persuasion, who had now lost all the resources which the British transmarine 
 colleges and seminaries had afforded during two hundred years. He had received his education 
 among the English Jesuits abroad, and he had witnessed the violent seizure and ejection of his 
 old masters from their College at St. Omer, which was perpetrated by the French Parliament of 
 Paris, in 17^2. This college was one of the principal houses of education, which the British 
 Cathtolics had formed on the Continent, while the severity of the penal laws prohibited such institu- 
 tions in our own country. The English fathers of the society, not disheartened by persecution, 
 proceeded to form new establishments, for the same purpose of education, in the Austrian Nether- 
 lands, and again in the city of Liege ; and they were dislodged, pillaged, and ejected, with 
 similar injustice and violence, by the governments, which admitted the suppression of their 
 order by Pope Clement XIV. in 1773, and finally, by the revolutionary armies of France, in 
 1794. In their uttermost distress, they took advantage of the humane lenity of our Govern- 
 ment which allowed them to settle and to open schools for pupils of their own religion, under 
 security of the oath of civil allegiance, which was prescribed by the Act of 1791- Under the 
 immediate protection of Thomas Weld, Esq. the gentlemen expelled from Liege, by the 
 French, conducted the small remnant of their flourishing seminary to Stonyhurst ; and in the 
 course of 21 years, by unremitting industry, they have improved it into a distinguished semi- 
 nary and house of education, of which they justly acknowledge Thomas Weld, Esq. as the 
 founder and principal benefactor. It is filled at present by more than two hundred and fifty 
 students of the Roman Catholic religion, sent thither from most parts of the world ; and their 
 established reputation for good order and regularity has justly procured for them the counte- 
 nance and favour of their neighbours. Indeed, the visible advantages accruing from so large a 
 family are strongly felt by the industrious tradesmen, cultivators, and labourers, on the estate, 
 among whom the owners of tl)e land, and of the ancient dwelling, had not resided for more 
 than seventy years. Stonyhurst College, at the present day, is a monument of the liberal 
 spirit of His Majesty's Government; and the benefits arising from it form a strong contrast 
 with the mischiefs of that ancient jealousy, which reduced such numbers of British subjects to 
 the alternative of living in ignorance at home, or of resorting for liberal education to foreign 
 climes*. 
 
 * For this account, which is printed verbatim, the Author is indebted to the late Rev. Mr. Weld, Principal of the 
 
 Collcpe of Stonvhurst. 
 
 P. 472.
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WH ALLEY. 547 
 
 P. 472.— Bashall. 
 Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord General, to the Earl of Northumberland and others. 
 
 After my hearty comendations to your Lo'pp ; where I have this day, of such numbers as I 
 determine immediately vpon their musters, and chuse to sende towards Barwicke, dispatched 
 herein my very good Freind S"' Thomas Talbot knight, with two or three hundreth of these 
 menn appointed for that purpose, whoe being a man of singuler good service, and accompanied 
 with a willing bande of his owne, to whom I have alsoe comitted some speciall conduct, as well 
 of these numbers which come with him as those which shall followe to that service, bein»- 
 Lancashiremen : 
 
 I have thought good to commend him to your Lo'pp's friendship as a well willing friend of 
 mine, whom I have required to bee at your Lo'pp's coiiiaundment, and to followe your order in 
 alle his doeings, whiche I am well assured he will doe ; and therefore I hartilye pray your Lord- 
 ship to be his good lord, and to favour him according to his worthines, whom as soone as any 
 man liveing, in case of need, I wold have beene right glad to have had about mine owne person, 
 as knoweth Almightie God, who have your good Lo'pp in his most blessed tuition. 
 
 From Newcastle, the 7th day of October 15.t7. 
 
 Your Lo'pp's assured loveinge 
 
 Friend and Cosin, 
 
 F. Shrewsbury. 
 P. 473- — Waddington. 
 
 In a line betwixt Waddington and Bashall, but especially about Backridge, have been 
 discovered of late, in digging for gravel, many skeletons, which, from the manner in which 
 they lay, must indicate the place of some great engagement. 
 
 From the situation of the place, I was at first inclined to refer these appearances to 
 the battle fought on Clitheroe Moor, between David the First of Scotland and the forces of 
 King Stephen, as part of the line, though North of Ribble, is scarcely more than half a mile 
 from that place. 
 
 But in digging gravel for the highways near Backridge, among some of these skeletons was 
 found a broken Celt, which was brought to me, and I am assured that some brass Jibulce were 
 discovered about the same time and place. 
 
 The inference to be drawn from this last circumstance is, that on this spot has been a great 
 engagement between the Romans and Britons. Had any coins been found, which has not 
 been the case, their dates would have led to some probable conjectures with respect to the period 
 and circumstances of this battle. 
 
 !*• 479. — Lamspring. 
 As the Parish of Whalley and Deanery of Craven have each contributed an Abbot to this 
 house, the following account of it, drawn up by one of the last monks, for which the Author 
 is indebted to the kindness of Stephen Tempest, of Broughton, E«q. may not be unacceptable. 
 
 Monastery of Lamspring, in Westphalia. 
 
 The monastery of Lamspringe was founded by Riddagus, Count of Wintzenburg, for 
 ladies, in the ninth century, I think, in the year 835, Accompanied by his countess, he 
 
 performed
 
 548 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [Addenda. 
 
 performed various journeys to Rome, to obtain the consent and confirmation of the Pope. 
 The Count had no male issue but an only daughter, named Richburga, who was appointed the 
 first abbess. It remained in the possession of the nuns, until the days of the Reformation, and 
 the religious, or thirty years war, when they were driven out ; and, at one time, the dukes of 
 Brunswick and of Bevern, and the Lutheran parties, obtained it ; at another, the Emperor, the 
 Prince Bishop of Hildesheim, and the Catholics, regained it : then lost it again. By the 
 Peace of Munster, it fell to the Catholics; but the original archives and foundation instru- 
 ments, &c. beince secreted, and some few Lutheran nuns still in possession, it was not per- 
 fectly recovered till Clement Reyner, a monk of Dieulouard, in Lorrain, being sent into Ger- 
 many by the English Benedictines, to enquire whether any establishments could be obtained 
 for the English, the German Benedictines of the congregation of Bursfield made to him the 
 donation of Lamspringe upon certain conditions, one of which was, that the securing possession 
 of Lamspringe, and every expence connected with it, was to be the business of the English. 
 This happened about the year 1648. During the lapse of several years, things succeeded very 
 poorly indeed ; but, in process of time, most of the archives were recovered. Clement Reyner, 
 the first abbot, died anno 1656, or thereabouts, having governed about eight years, and was 
 succeeded by Placid Gascoigne, of the family of Barnbow-hall, in Yorkshire. His successor 
 was Joseph Sherwood, who, upon his death, was followed bj' Maurus Corker, who gave in his 
 resignation after he had governed the abbey only four years, viz. anno 1696. To him snc- 
 ceeded Maurus Knightle}' ; and, on his demise, Austin Tempest, of the ancient family of that 
 name, of Broughton, was elected by his brethren to the abbatial dignity, which he held for 
 the lapse of twenty-one years, dying anno 1723. To succeed him, Joseph Rokeby had the 
 plurality of suflfrages in the election ; and, when he paid the debt of nature, Maurus Heatley 
 was canonically named to be his successor. Placid Harsnep was the superior at the time of the 
 suppression. 
 
 The foundation of Lamspringe was originally both very extensive and valuable ; but the 
 religious war and transfer of property made great alterations, and caused many losses. The 
 English retained the right and exercise of a court of judicature in all cases, capital ones ex- 
 cepted : from which court, however, there lay an appeal to the Government of Hildesheim ; 
 but the monastery could again appeal from the courts of Hildesheim to the supreme court of the 
 Empire at Wetzlar. 
 
 How the monastery was suppressed, an. 1803, by the King of Prussia, with all its property 
 and revenue, and what the whole was worth, may be distinctly known by an application to 
 Amtmann Droege, or Mr. Harsnep, at Lamspringe, the Prussian commission having estimated 
 the whole separately. Those gentlemen could also give particular information of all the privi- 
 leges which the abbey enjoyed; but, in the present state of aflfairs on the continent, it would, 
 1 believe, be dangerous to address a letter to either of them. The person who, after the sup- 
 pression, rented the monastery, with its lands, &c. took it with all its emoluments, if we 
 except the wood and its judiciary privileges, at the annual rent of ^.2,568 sterling; and in 
 those parts, it is well known, how much more valuable money is than in these. Now the extent 
 of the woods alone, which the king retained in his royal domain, was nearly 4000 large, or 
 wood acres, each acre of 160 rod square. 
 
 The revenue arose from various sources, e. g. from the land in our own cultivation, of which 
 
 we
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY OF WHALLEY. 549 
 
 we had at least 500 acres, the land acre being very little less than the statute acre in England ; 
 from tythes large and small, as corn, fowls, &c. ; from wood, from the sale of beer and brandy, 
 the monastery having the privileges of brewing and distilling ; from sheep, of which we had 
 1 400 ; from fish-ponds, iC in number; from dependants, boors called Teriiarii, or those who 
 paid a third part of their crops ; other boors, as the two villages of NeuhoflTand WoUenhausen, 
 who paid their acknowledgment in kind, which, as long as they were able tc do, they 
 could not be dispossessed. Both these and the Tertiarii were obliged to do service with their 
 teams two days each week for the abbey, which gave us the command of about 100 
 ploughs, or above 50 waggons at a call. The tythes of the monastery were very considerable, 
 particularly those of Bantlem, in the Hanoverian territory ; ofZelem, Boennien, Hille, and 
 Lamspringe, in the diocese of Hildesheim and Gernerode, in the duchy of Brunswick. At 
 Zelem the tythe-barn, and a very good house for the farmer, were built by the Abbot Tem- 
 pest as the writing, cut in the wood over the door, yet shews. The Abbey enjoyed the pri- 
 vileged ri"-ht of hunt over a vast tract, viz. over own grounds, and those of the villages of 
 Neuhoflt' WoUenhausen, Woellersen, part of Gernerode, with the respective woods, which 
 
 were large. 
 
 As to the individuals who were famous for learning, we may reckon the first abbot, Reyner, 
 who was a very laborious collector of antiquities belonging to our order, and the author of 
 a work entitled " Apostolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia." Upon hearing of his (Reyner's 
 death, the abbot John, of St. Michael's Monastery, in Hildesheim, exclaimed, " Magnum 
 lumen ordinis nostri extinctum est." In Abbot Tempest's days there were two brothers, John 
 and Augustin Townson, who were eminent for their learning. The former took the degree of 
 D.D. in one of the German universities, and taught Theology, both in his own abbey and 
 in that of St. Michael's, in Hildesheim. He has left behind him several manuscript writings 
 on different subjects. He was also a very useful member to his abbey, in the active department 
 of life The latter published some works of piety in Latin. Mr. Rokeby, who was afterwards 
 abbot, applied himself with great assiduity to the study of I'heology in the university of Douay, 
 and was created D.D. in that university. Mr. Heatley, Abbot Rokeby's successor in the 
 abbatial dio-nity, having for some time taught the classics in his own house, was permitted to 
 o to Douay to pursue his theological studies, where he took the degree of Licentiate of 
 Divinity. During his abbatial government, he contributed very much to revive literature 
 amongst his monks. He sent Mr. Harsnep to Fulda to study his philosophy ; who, after his 
 return to Lamspringe, taught several courses both of philosophy and theology, and by his 
 means the monastery was rendered noted through those parts for its learning. 
 
 The abbots, excepting Abbot Corker, who lived some time after his resignation in England, 
 where he died, are buried in the middle aile of the church, with the tombstones over them, 
 bearint^ their coats of arms, crosier, and mitre. Among whom is Abbot Craythorne, last 
 Abbot'' of Cismar, a house in Holstein, given to the English Benedictines by the Germans. 
 These tombstones are much disfigured, being the ground-stones or pavement of the church, if 
 we except the monumental covering of Abbot Gascoigne, which is brass. Its inscription informs 
 us that " his brother and he sleep there together." This brother of the Abbot's was a kind of 
 exile from England, who, at the very advanced age of 85, had been accused, about the year 1678, 
 of plotting against the King and Government, of which, however, by a jury of his Country, 
 
 ^ he
 
 550 HISTOIIY OF WHALLEV. [Addenda. 
 
 he was found i\(>( (itiilfi/. Hence, not long after his trial, Sir Thomas went over to Lam- 
 sprinoe, where he ended his days. Of him one Carr, the Enghsh Consul at Amsterdam, in a 
 book he published of his travels, entitled, " Remarks of the Government of several parts of 
 Germany, Denmark, &c. Amst. 12mo, p. 145. An. 1G88," speaks thus: — " From the Prince 
 (of Hesse's) court, I directed my journey to Hanover, taking Lamspring in my way, . . . and 
 there I met with a very good, harmless gentleman, Sir Thomas Gascoigne, a person of more 
 integrity and piety than to be guilty, so much as in thought, of what miscreants falsely swore 
 against him, in the licentious time of plotting," &c. — The picture of this gentleman the Rev. 
 Mr. Birdsall brought over with him from Germany, and has at present in his possession, at 
 Bath. 
 
 As to monuments, there is one against the wall of the church, of the Steinburg family, of 
 Bodenburg, who formerly had been great benefactors to the Monastery, but who, in the times 
 of the religious wars, took most of their benefactions back. There is another monument of 
 stone against the wall, of, I think, one Maire and his wife, who were benefactors. In the 
 cryptum there are two monuments, one of the founder Riddagus, the other of Plunkett, titular 
 Archbishop of Armagh, in Ireland, who was put to death in those days when Gates and 
 Bedloe lived by swearing. His hand is preserved in the vestry ; the finger ends and hair upon 
 it much shrivelled by the fire, into which, as the hand of a traitor, it had been cast. His bones 
 are deposited in the wall behind the stone in the cryptum. They were carried over by Abbot 
 Corker, who was the companion and fellow sufferer of the Archbishop, when in prison. 
 
 The church was raised anew, after the English obtained possession. It was begun by 
 Abbot Sherwood, and finished, I think, by Abbot Corker. The Monastery, if it had been 
 completed with the third side, making, with the church on the fourth, a quadrangular 
 building, having a small cloisteu garden in the middle, would have been one of the first reli- 
 gious buildings in Germany. As it is, it presents the appearance of a palace ; a bold, noble, 
 stately erection. The front is grand and imposing, supported by a double ascent of stone steps, 
 with balustrades, the whole bold and proportionate. The grand saloon is up stairs, in the 
 centre of the front, and the whole width of the building, with double rows of windows on each 
 side, one above the other; a room not to be equalled by any, at least in that part of Germany, 
 for size, stucco work, and ornamented cieling. The stately edifice of Lamspringe was begun and 
 finished as it now is, excepting only a wall at the end, by the Abbot Rokeby, successor to Abbot 
 Tempest. It was begun about the year 1733. Abbot Tempest had saved a very considerable 
 sum of money for the undertaking. It proved, however, not sufficient, and some capitals were 
 borrowed, and some burdensome agreements were entered into, in order to continue the work. 
 The Prussian, or Seven years war, hurt the monastery much, the buildings having exhausted 
 its finances, and the soldiers living upon the monks and their dependancies. 
 
 The number of religious, in these latter years, was smaller than formerly, being at the time 
 of the suppression only 21, including three lay-brothers and one novice: whereas, at some 
 times before, it was double that number, exclusively, in both cases, of the missioners in 
 England. 
 
 Abbot Tempest was himself an example to his brethren, in all spiritual regularity. He 
 
 executed, himself, the office of Signifer; hence, he is painted with his watch on the table 
 
 before him. 
 
 An
 
 Addenda.] HISTORY Ot VVHAl.LKY. 
 
 551 
 
 An ancient PERAMBULATION of the PARISH of IVHALLEV, 
 
 From the Coucher Book, without Date. 
 
 Fines et hmites inter parochiam Ecclesiae de Whalley et parochias aUarum Ecclesiarum 
 eidem Ecclesise vicinarum sunt isti : vid. incipiendo in orientcm a fine boreali Parochize de 
 Whalley, ubi aqua de Colder cadit in aquam de Ribble, procedendo vers, orient, usque ad locum 
 ubi aqua de Rimingden cadit in eandem aquam de Ribble, sunt limites inter Parochiam de 
 Whalley et de Mitton, Dioc. Ebor. Et dein ascendendo vers, austrorient. per aquam de Riming- 
 den usque in Tvvisleton Broke, et sic per Divisas de Midhope, ad quandam quercum voc. Le 
 Crooked Oake in Admergill Head, protendunt limites inter par. Eccl. de Wiialley, et Parochiam 
 Eccl. de Gisburne, Dioc. Ebor. Ex p'dicta quercu versus orient, usq. ad caput de Benerker, 
 protendunt limites inter parochiam Eccl. de Whalley et Eccl. Sci. Michaelis vocat: le Gillkirk, 
 Ebor. Dioc. Et deinde procedendo vers. aust. usque Poundshagh-head protendunt limites inter 
 parochias Eccl. de Whalley, et Eccl. de Thornton, in Craven, Ebor. Dioc. Et deinde versus 
 Austr. usque ad Barnsett Knarrs protendunt limites inter par. Eccl. de Whalle}', et Eccl. de 
 Carlton, Ebor. Dioc. Et exinde vers austr. usque le Wolverstones, protendunt limites inter 
 par. Eccl. de Whalley, et Eccl. de Kildwick, Ebor. Dioc. Et exinde vers, austr. usque ad crucem 
 super calceam deWicoller*, vocat. le Watershields Cross, protendunt limites inter par. Eccl. 
 de Whalley, et par. de Kighley, Ebor. Dioc. Et exinde vers, quandam intersectionem montis 
 de Crowhull, vocat. le Karrs, super CrowhuU, protendunt limites inter par. Ecc. <lc Whalley, 
 etEccl. Bradford, Com. Ebor. Et exinde ve.s. Occident, per le Witherstones de Bulsuier, et sic 
 ulterius vers. aust. per Stiperden usq. ad aquam de East Colder, protendunt limites inter par. 
 £ccl. de Whalley, et Eccl. de Halifax. Ebor. Dioc. Et extunc per le Beter-CIogli, et Sharne- 
 forde usque in Aquam de Erewell et sic vers. Occident, descendendo per eandam aquam usque 
 ad locum ubi torrens quidam vulg. nom. Couhope Brook, descendit in diet, aquam de Erewell 
 protendunt limites inter par. Eccl. de Whalley, et Ecc. de Ratchedam Litchf. Dioc. Et dehinc 
 usq. ad descensum aquae de Ugden et sic vers. occ. bor. usque ad quendam coUcm vocat. 
 Uglaw, protendunt limites inter par. Ecc. de Whalley, et Ecc. de Bury, Litch. Dioc. Et ab illo 
 CoUe usque ad le Pikelaw, protendunt limites inter par. Eccl. de Whalley, et Eccl. de Bolton, 
 ejusd. Dioc. Et exhinc vers, aquam Knowsden et Hindburne, usque in Aquam de Colder, et 
 ulterius sequendo ripam de Ribbel quae fuit prima Divisa, protendunt limites inter Par. Ecc). de 
 Whalley et Eccl. de Blakeburne. 
 
 * Wicoller Cawsway. 
 
 tORRJl.liNDA.
 
 < 552 ) 
 CORRIGENDA. 
 
 p. 1. 1. 19. See Stukeley's Iter Borealo, p. 48. — 2C. 1. 31. dele of. 
 
 81. 1. .'J7. I have since, however, discovered tliat Cromwell was actually in the receipt of a pension from the 
 Abbey ol" Furness, ami was promised an increase of stipend on condition of his standing their good friend against the 
 Earl of Cumberland, who was desirous to lay his hands upon their manor of Winterburn, in Craven. — West's Hist, of 
 Furness, App. No. X. 
 
 84. 1. 1>2. read, 135'2. 
 
 91. end of second note, read. This is now reduced to a certainty, for in the Compotus of 1510 the article stands 
 thus : — Fro stip. Regis Henr. 
 
 10/. Ground ]dan. A gentlem.ui eminently skilled in the architecture of modern houses of the Cistertian order 
 abroad, suggests the following alterations in the references. — M. was the sacristy or vestry, as the Cistertian houses had 
 no South transept. — The 1st 1). was tlic archivum where the plate, records, &c. were kept, as in a place of safety. — 
 2d D. was the chapter-house. — 3d D. the study, where the novices were taught music, &c. — E. the refectory or dining- 
 room. — F. Kitchen. — G G. and T. The Cellarer's offices, such as the pantiy, brewhouse, bakehouse, store-rooms, &c. — 
 H. The staircase leading to the dormitory, which was always over the sacristy, vestry, refectory, &c. — K. Apartments 
 for strangers. — P. In Cistertian houses, this part is called the sanctuary. 
 
 109. 1. 23. read, South-east end. 
 
 HI. 1. 7. The gateway next to the Parish Church appears to have been built by Abbot Reed, as the letter R, in 
 old English text, occurs more than twenty times upon the masonry. — The North gateway was the work of Paslew ; for, 
 1st, in the arch on the South ^ide is a stone with a capital R upon it, which has evidently been spared from the East 
 gateway, and must have been inserted in its present situation after the other was finished ; 2d, Paslew, who immediately 
 succeeded Read, always used his Christian name alone, after he became Abbot; and accordingly, on the tine groinings 
 of ribuork within this gateway is seen the capital I, faintly traced with a chissel, at least as often as the letter R. appears 
 on the other. 
 
 1 12. 1. 27. The late long gallery was fitted up out of the ruins by Sir Ralph Assheton, bart. in 1664 and 1665. 
 
 142. text, 1. ult. read, Catholic. — 144. 1.4. read, spacious glebe of VVhalley. 
 
 145. 1. 6. I have since discovered that this was the Glebe of St. Michael in Castro. 
 
 146. note 1. 1. Chatburn — but see that township in the parochial survey. 
 
 147. 1. 35. read, a well-meant statute. 
 
 159, 1.7. read, to an ecclesiastical government. — 1. 24. rearf, function. 
 
 ISO'. But as the Forest of Accrington is now included within that chapelry, Rossendale under New Church, 
 Haslingden and Rury, Trawden under Colne, and all the Booths of Pendie e.tcept Reedley Hallows, Filly Close, New 
 Laund, and VVheatley Car, together with Ightenhill Park under Colne, Padiham, or Newchurch in Pendie; these 
 excepted booths alone aie now considered as e.ttra-parochial, and their inhabitants marry, or ought to marry, at 
 Clitheroe. 
 
 Feb. 27, 1G48-9, the Lancashire forces submitted to disband, and to quit Clitheroe Castle. Order for that Castle to 
 be demolished, 1G49. — VVhitlocke'.s Memorials. 
 
 188. The fiist ini|uisiti()n which I have ever met with, de Consuetudinibus de Blackburnshire, is extant emong the 
 Assheton MSS. and was taken before Tho, de Radcliti'e de Wimersley, .'\. 3, Hen. IV. — It is the oldest legal act I ha\e 
 seen in English. 
 
 189. last note. To these is to be added Pendleton, which, though once belonging to the Houghtons, has long 
 since been merged in the principal fee. 
 
 209, 1.18. read, the 22d yeare of our reigne. — 212, 1.3. read, 16,000. 
 
 218. 1. 24. read, and how seldom any traditions are found. 
 
 219. I. IS. 1 suppose this manor-house to have been rebuilt, even so late as 160"4 ; for, in a lease of the Park frOm 
 Monk to Richard Shuttleworth, Esq. the l^essee covenants to keep the manor-house in repair. — Assheton MSS. 
 
 220. VVicoUer — W;/A.e-o//er is the village of Alders. — 1.28, read. The next, and after Pendie most extensive. 
 226. 1. 28. dele, both here and.— 236, 1. 23, reqtd, approbation of Ministers. 
 
 250. 1. IS. read, which however seem. — 277. 1-6, read, as it was mostly. 
 
 344. Noles to T'luiiley Pedigree, 1. 45. From a MS. communicated by Richard Henry Beaumont, Esq. it appears 
 that Anne, second wife of Sir John Townley, was one of the twenty children of Ralph Cattei-al, of Catteral and Little 
 Mitton, Esq. 
 
 3.";6. 1. 14. See the account of an Egyptian superstition exiiemely like this in Herodotus, Euterpe, ed. Gro- 
 nov. p. 103. — 3S9. note, 1. 21. read, For with respect. — 1. ■penult, read, And ought it. 
 
 390. note, 1. 3, read, when they are once deeply imbibed. — 1. 4. read, supposing him not succeeded. — 1. 35, read, 
 and a certain stipend. 
 
 392. note. 1.3. read, an end which. — 1. 11, read, decorations, which became them, are. 
 
 401. 1. 2. read. Its principal feature, and it is. — 413. 1. 36, read, once opening. 
 
 432. 1. 16 In the kitchen is a bas relief of Hercules, evidently Roman, and from Ribchester — 1. penult. Edward 
 Warren, ofPointon. I'.sq. grandfather of the late .Sir George Warren, K.B. who was commonly called Dinklev Warren, 
 from his rosidenee at that place. — This is the prrson of wlioni Stukeley speaks, Itin. Cur. p. 39, as very careful of the 
 learned Remnnnts from Ribchester — Watson's Hist, of the House of Warren, a splendid and beautiful work, printed, 
 but never publi^horl, vol. II. p. 158. 
 
 448. I. 32. /or Essex, read, Herts.
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PARISH OF CARTMELL. 
 
 1 HIS well defined and almost insulated tract, like the adjoining district of Furness, tlioutrji 
 part of the County of Lancaster, no where comes in contact with the body of it. 
 
 It is bounded on the East, for about six miles, by the upper part and Eastern branch of 
 the Bay of Morecambe, and afterwards by the River Winster, which divides it from West- 
 moreland. Nearly from the source of this stream, so called from the winding's of its course 
 (For Winster is the Winder), a short imaginary line, drawn to the Eastern margin of Winder- 
 mere, divides the parish and peninsula of Cartniell from Bowness. Turnino- Southward first 
 the Lake, and then the Leven, its outlet, constitute the boundary, down to the Leven Sands, 
 and to their last expansion in the Bay of Morecambe. The length of this tract, from North to 
 South, is about fifteen miles, and the greatest width nearly seven. 
 
 It is divided into the townships of Cartmell, Cartmell Fells, Broughton, Upper and Lower 
 Allithwaite, Staveley, and Walton. 
 
 The scenery is of a very peculiar character. Without any very strong or strikint^ features of 
 its own, but placed, as it is, between two noble aestuaries, and projecting into a third, while on 
 the North the vast fells of Coniston rise in all the majesty of neighbouring Alps: its out-views, 
 in every direction, are either wild or beautiful, and not unfrequently both. The surface is per- 
 petually diversified between warm and fertile valleys, whose sides are clothed with native wood ; 
 and barren hills, which, though not of great height or striking forms, produce all the efiect 
 of contrast. 
 
 Onedeformit}'^, not indeed peculiar, among the winding bays of the Morecambe, to Cartmell 
 alone, is, that the sea appears to have abandoned large tracts of level ground once overflowed 
 by the tides, and over these a black crust of peat-moss has since been superinduced, which 
 gradual cultivation, it is to be hoped, will in time remove, and render the sandy surface beneath 
 at once productive and beautiful. 
 
 From the many and pleasing residences which the beauty of this tract has occasioned to be 
 erected in it, are to be distinguished three places, two of greater antiquitj' and account, and the 
 third of a more peculiar and striking character, than the rest. These are Holker, Bigland, and 
 Castlehead. 
 
 The first of these stands in a warm and soft situation, surrounded by luxuriant timlier, and 
 in a park bounded on one side by the sands of Leven, As early as the reign of Elizabeth it was 
 the property of the Prestons, from whom it passed by marriage to the Lowthers, and from 
 them to the Cavendish family, of whom Lord George Cavendish is the present owner. The 
 present house, considered as the residence of a noble family, is plain, habitable, and com- 
 modious, with all those comforts which greatness alone can feel, in flying from the incum- 
 brances of greatness. It abounds with good portraits of the family, and other paintings. 
 
 4 B Tile
 
 5 54 PARISH OF CARTMELL. 
 
 The second of these residences is of an opposite character. High in the township of Upper 
 Ilolker, and nearly on the summit of an hill, whose sides are hung with spring woods, and adorned 
 by a fine tarn abounding with wild fowl, is Bigland ; which, as it gave name to a family still 
 subsisting, must always have been a freehold independent on the priory of Cartmell. 
 
 The third, which is the creation of a single man, not long deceased, working upon a peculiar 
 feature of nature, is Castlehead. This was merely a conical rock, occasionally surrounded by high 
 tides, and rising pre-eminent above the sands, and the peat-mosses which have gained upon them. 
 The natural strength of the site appears, from the name, not to have been overlooked in ancient 
 times; and from some Imperial coins, which have been found upon it, we may presume that 
 Castlehead had once a Roman inhabitant. It had long, however, been neglected and aban- 
 doned, till the late possessor conceived the lucky idea of improving and adorning his rock, by 
 cutting out paths along the sides, by planting trees and flowering shrubs, wherever any patch of 
 soil invited the hand of cultivation, and opening diversified views of the bay beneath, from 
 several elevated points. At top is a small plain, rendered inaccessible to the winds by a high 
 wall, and kept with great neatness; but the trees and shrubs on the sides, and especially the 
 pines, have for several years begun to manifest great impatience of sea-winds and their saline 
 impregnations. 
 
 Immediately beneath is an handsome modern house, and, at a small distance to the South, 
 about twenty tons of iron, his own commodity, shapen into a pyramidal tomb, press the mortal 
 remains of the founder, whose epitaph, written by himself, records what he did and what he 
 did not intend ; his name, birth, death, and ignorance of himself. 
 
 The word Cartmell is unquestionably British ; and I entirely agree with the learned his- 
 torinn of Manchester, in deriving it from hert, a camp or fortification, and mell (for in that 
 language the labials M and V are convertible), a fell — the fortress among the fells. 
 
 And as the name was British, it is very remarkable that the first mention of the place 
 affords a proof that the aboriginal inhabitants, though reduced to slavery by their Saxon 
 conquerors, had, for a period of more than two centuries, been tolerated in their ancient 
 habitations. 
 
 " Anno enim vicessimo octavo super ducentessimum ab adventu Saxonum Britannos hie 
 sedisse colligimus, quod ab eo tempore Egfridus Nordanhumbrorum Rex Cuthberto illi sancta 
 terram quae vocatur Cartmell, et ouuies Britannos in ea (sic enim in ejus vita scribitur) elar- 
 gitus est. — Carthmell enim partem esse hujus agri ad Kent Sand notissimum est." 
 
 After this is a long chasm in the history of Cartmell. Whether it passed from Cuthbert to 
 his monks of Lindisfarne, and whether, as in many other instances, it were depopulated and 
 lost to the church by the ravages of the Danes, no where appears. 
 
 It is not mentioned in Domesday; and the next known fact, relating to the place, is the 
 foundation of a priorv for canons regular of St. Ausnstin, by William Marshall the elder. Earl 
 of Pembroke, A.D. 11 88. Of its history little is known excepting what can be collected from 
 the remains. It is known, however, that about the time of the Dissolution here were eight 
 Religions and 38 servants; and that the site was granted, 32d Henry VIII. to Thomas Hol- 
 croft, of whom the Priory Church must either have been claimed by the town as parochial, or 
 l)urchased while entire. 
 
 CARTMELL
 
 PARISH OF CARTMELL. 55 5 
 
 CARTMELL CHURCIf. 
 
 Amidst the tasteless and ruinous havock which took place at the dissolution of the religious 
 houses, it is one of the privileges of this County, that a single conventual church, though one 
 of the smallest, was pi^served. This fortunate escape was owing to its having been the parish- 
 church, as well as that of the convent. 
 
 The last fact is proved by the peculiar situation of the cloister court, which lay North insteail 
 of South, from the nave, while the principal entrance of the Church is from the South, though 
 the canons had a private door from the cloister into the North aile. Not a vestige, however, of 
 refectory, chapter-house, prior s lodgings, or offices, now remains. The gateway, however, is 
 entire, and so far distant, that almost half the present town has intruded itself into the interval 
 betwixt that and the church. In surveying this building externally, the first peculiarity which 
 strikes the eye is the grotesque appearance of the tower, a fantastic deviation from every autho- 
 rity in ecclesiastical architecture. The basis of the tower was one of those low central lanterns, 
 rising little above the roof, but supported on massy clusters of columns, which would sustain a 
 much greater weight. Two centuries, perhaps, after the foundation, the want of a l)elI-tov\er 
 began to be perceived ; when, instead of applying one to the lower front of the church, as at 
 Bolton, or raising the original walls of the lantern, as at Rirkstall, the canons bethought them- 
 selves of the following expedient for the purpose: — They constructed four cross arches within 
 the upper courses of the lantern, springing from the middle point of each side, and closing the 
 entire angle between that and the contiguous wall. On this they erected, with perfect safety, 
 though with very little grace, a bell-tower of moderate height, which stands a square inscribed 
 within a square, diagonally to its base. 
 
 The choir and transept of this church (excepting that the windows, for the most part, are 
 later insertions) appear to be of the first foundation. The masonry is excellent ; and the but- 
 tresses of the true Norman pattern, perpendicular, and with little projection. The arches of 
 the choir, two only on each side, are semicircular, and enriched with the usual ornaments of 
 the age. A triforium has extended round that and the transept, but seems to have been 
 interrupted by the insertion of the noble ramified East window; whereas it must have traversed, 
 as usual, the three original lancet windows of the East end. 
 
 On the North side of the principal, or Ladies Choir, is a narrow chajK'l, with its groined 
 roof entire, anciently called the Piper Choir (1 know not why), and on the South the Town 
 Choir, which has been considerably widened, and has in the South wall two .seats in stone for 
 the officiating priests. From tb.f^ name, I should conjecture that it was extended beyond its first 
 dimensions, in consequence of some dispute betwixt the convent and parish, and that it subse- 
 quently became the parish-church, for which, in the slender state of jjopulation at that time, it 
 would not be insufficient. 
 
 A o-eneral alteration in this church appears to me to have commenced about the time of 
 Edward the Third : the inserted windows are all of this j)eriod ; and the remains of fine painted 
 glass, containing figures of the line of Jesse, with the name of each, have several remnants of 
 inscriptions in the Longobardic character, which could not be later. The nave ajjpears to have 
 been wholly rebuilt, at a somewhat later period. The columns are angular, without mouldings, 
 
 and
 
 5n6 PARISH OF CARTMELL. 
 
 and the tracery of the windows approaches to the square-headed form, which was introduced 
 a httle after the year 1400. This nave is remarkable for another defect, which is, the absence 
 of a great Western door; whence I suspect that the West end was not included within the 
 Priory Close. From this spacious, and nearly vacant area, the choir and transepts would have 
 a very fine effect, were it not that the effects of light and shade, the long perspectives and bold 
 sweeps of the arches, are broken by a vile modern organ-loft, and by galleries very needlessly 
 erected, where so much vacant space was left on the ground-floor. Notwithstanding all this 
 botch-work, we have to be thankful that Cartmell is not as Whalley and Furness. 
 
 We now pass on to the numerous memorials of the dead, ancient and modem. Of these, 
 probably the oldest, is a tomb of Prior William de Walton; a beautiful and perfect slab of 
 grey marble, inscribed with a flowered cross, and included within a plain arch on the North 
 side of the high altar. An epitaph runs round the margin, in most plain and perfect Longo- 
 bardic characters : 
 
 war ifia:e:% np^^ecB miLsihco^s 0)« tanh^oitH vbioe toe: ^secF^rrecLL 
 
 In the Piper Chapel are two other slabs of the same material, with crosses, but without 
 inscriptions. In one of these the chalice is, by a very singular device, included within the orna- 
 mented head of the cross. 
 
 On the floor, near the tomb of Prior Walton, is another and much later memorial of one of 
 his successors, on a free-stone slab, and in black letter: 
 
 " ![|ic jacet iBtll' 2Br juonoam p'or." 
 
 Betwixt this and the former is a diminutive stone, not more than three feet long, adorned 
 with a cross fleury. What account is to be given of this? the stone in question must have 
 covered a child, and that child must have been admitted into the lowest order at least. 
 Were novices ever admitted at the tender age; and if so, how happened it that a novice 
 and Acolyth was buried where the senior monks themselves were seldom admitted, by the 
 High Altar? 
 
 On the opposite side, under an arch apparently modern, is the magnificent but imperfect 
 monument of a Harrington, which presents many difficulties, not to be accounted for, but by 
 supposing much dislocation, and much unskilful restitution about the work. 
 
 First, then, upon a base apparently much more modern, and adorned with quaterfoils, 
 appear two statues, one of each sex: the man in link-mail, and bearing on his shield and sur- 
 toutthe Hdrrington knot. These are inclosed on the East and West, by the plain walls of the 
 arch already mentioned, and on the North and South by the remains of a very singular screen 
 of freestone, which exactly harmonizes with the base of the tomb. Still they are evidently 
 fragments, detached from some other work ; as a portion of another arch of the screen, yet 
 common to that and of those belonging to the tomb itself, is inserted, for security, into 
 the wall. On the frieze of the basement are groupes of monks, some with their cowls over their 
 heads, others bare; some sitting, others kneeling; the former reading, the latter praying. 
 
 Notwithstanding these appearances of dislocation, and the apparent difference in point of 
 time between the statues and the screen, several shields are cut in the stone-work of the latter, 
 with the arms of Harrington painted upon them. On the more modern walls of the arch the 
 same are repeated, and one appears struck through a thick coat of whitewash— (the whole work 
 
 is
 
 3lG»n:M]E^^T W THE HARRIXHTON Jtl3IILYI>' CARTMEL CJ11'E1'R/.Jv,. //../,.., ^/ 
 
 '. , //.>/^
 
 PARISH OF CARTMELL 557 
 
 is covered with the gathered whitewash of an hundred years)— bearing the three escallops of Dacre, 
 which will only fix the aera of the work according to the opinion of the painter, as it is on the 
 modern wall of the arch. Immediately beneath this, and within the town-chapel, is the cum- 
 bent and colossal figure of a female, wholly unappropriated by arms, inscription, or tradition. 
 
 After the Dissolution, this church was neglected for 80 years ; when, as it appears from the 
 accurate accounts of the parish, George Preston, ofHolker, Esq. covenanted with the vestry, 
 in consideration of forty marks and as much of the old lead as could be spared, to cover the 
 greater part of the building with a new roof. This circumstance should not have been concealed 
 in his epitaph, where the whole work is represented as having been the act of his own gratuitous 
 bounty. Still, however, there can be little doubt that the expence greatly exceeded the sum 
 stipulated to be paid by the parish, especially when we add to it another work, entirely ot 
 supererogation. The stalls in the choir having gone to decay, the same liberal benefactor 
 determined to restore them to their pristine beauty. 
 
 In the tasteless reign of James I. this might seem to have been a desperate undertaking; 
 nevertheless, it has been executed with no small degree of skill and success, though in a style 
 very dissimilar, no doubt, to that of the original canopies. These have been cut away to the 
 stalls themselves, which remain, 26 in number, with their misereres and carvino-s, much 
 resembling those of Whallcy, and apparently of the same date : but at Cartmell there are no 
 ludicrous devices. Beneath the prior's-stall appears a large and crowded cluster of grapes 
 mixed with vine-leaves, and the initials W. W. ; and on another is the initial W. with the 
 figure of an hedge-hog, intended to represent the surname. On these, instead of their original 
 canopies, are mounted columns, with Corinthian capitals of oak, wreathed with vine-leaves, in 
 the intervals between which appear the instruments of the Passion, which are repeated in pro- 
 fusion on the entablature above. In the general effect and appearance of this substitution, with 
 every prepossession in favour of the originals, to me, I confess, the disappointment is not great. 
 
 In this fine church, after the lapse of nearly two centuries, another Preston begins to be wanted. 
 Indeed, about every conventual church still used for public worship, which I have seen (with a 
 single exception), there is an appearance of something between a cathedral and a ruin. Damp 
 floors, green walls, and rotting beams, shelter just sufl[icient for owls and bats, and light aug- 
 mented by broken panes, are the connecting links between the high and finished repair of the 
 one, and the total abandonment of the other. But another calamity almost uniformly attends 
 upon these magnificent though neglected fabrics — after a glut conies famine. Rapacity, armed 
 with sovereign power, seizes on the consecrated domains of sacerdotal wealth and luxury, while pri- 
 vate Avarice, out of those ample stores, deals out a miserable jjittance to keep up the semblance of 
 Public Worship. Where the praises of God were once chauntcd by a splendid choir, a stipendiary 
 with forty, or even seventy pounds per annum, can have little spirit to maintain the dignity of 
 a much better and purer Establishment. 
 
 In this Country, where every hill is a rock, and every rock a quarry of marble, the means of 
 gratifying the vanity or the affection of surviving friends, in monumental decorations, are easily 
 attained ; accordingly, the walls of this church, large as it is, are almost encrusted with Decora- 
 tions of this nature. Of these I have been compelled to make a rigid selection, partly from the 
 obscurity of the subjects, and partly from the dulness of the inscriptions, none of which rise 
 above mediocrity, while some fall far beneath )t. 
 
 At
 
 558 PARISH OF CAIITMELL. 
 
 At the East end of the South aisle are the following inscriptions, in an inclosure appro- 
 priated to the Preston and Lowther families ; 
 
 Adesdum viator, paucis te alloquitur vocale hoc marmor. 
 Juxta hie requiescit generosus binis Thoniae Preston, de Holker, armigeri, 
 qui longius aetate provectus fatis cessit. Vir non reticendi noniinis, 
 seu fidem spectes, seu mores. 
 Pietatis erga Deum assiduus cultor, 
 Charitatis in proximum dispensator fidelis. 
 Libros omne genus eruditione refertos, in Sacrario hujus Ecclesiae 
 cura patris sui exornata?, reponendos curavit, cum prius sponte 
 sua sufFragante Episcopo, annuale stipendium octoginta librarum 
 Parocho hie Deo servienti concesserat. 
 Suis charus, jucundus et gratus omnibus. 
 Miles in Parliament© Regis honori, Regnique saluti prudenter consuluit ; 
 aliisque quibus functus est officiis publicis, patriam ornavit. 
 Ante omnia vero Ecciesia Anglicana optime meritus, 
 quippe reformatae Religionis 
 Propugnator strenuus vindexque perpetuus. 
 Libris volvendis, et revolvendis, perdoctus incubuit, 
 sanctorum vero patrum monumenta, imprimis veneratus est, 
 et summo orthodoxos Ecclesiae nostrae antistites in pretio habuit. 
 Quibus cum in terris ultra frui non potuit, 
 eos ut in ccelis inviseret tandem emigravit. 
 An. aetatis lxxix, et D'ni m.dc.lxxvih. 
 Filium unicum e multis superstitem ac haeredem reliquit, 
 Thomam (natuni ex Catharina, uxore unica charissimaque, 
 e praeclara Houghtonorum, de Houghton Tower, Familia prognata, filia 
 Domini scilicet Gilberti Houghton, ordinis de Balneo, Militis ac Baronetti) 
 Qui paternis manibus pi^ pareutavit, 
 Ut, quern vivum exemplum virtutis habuit, 
 Defunctum, honore quo par est prosequatur. 
 Thomas Preston, Armiger, filius supranominatus, ex Burgis in Parliamento, 
 
 Patriae decus, Ecclesiae, pauperibus, et pauperum filiis in Schola, 
 
 Cartmellensi Collegioque Sancti Johannis Cantab, educandis, dona legavit. 
 
 Catharinam filiam, ex Elizabetha (D'ni Rogeri Bradshaigh, de Haigh, 
 
 Militis ac Baronetti, filia), natam reliquit haeredem. 
 
 Nobis occidit, sibi exortus Jan. xxxi, A. D. m.dc.xcvi, zetatis l. 
 
 Here lieth interred the body of Dame Katharine Lowther, 
 
 Consort of Sir William Lowther, Baronet, only daughter and heiress 
 
 of Thomas Preston, of Holker, Esq. and Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Roger Bradshaigh 
 
 of Haigh, knight and baronet. She was a dutiful child, 
 
 an endearing wife, a compassionate and careful mother, 
 
 charitable
 
 PARISH OF CARTMELL. 559 
 
 charitable to the poor, hospitable to strangers, courteous to all, 
 
 sweet in her temper, sincere in her conversation, serious and devout 
 
 in the jn-ofession and practice of her most excellent Religion. 
 
 She left two sons, Thomas and Preston, and two daughters, Katharine and Mary, 
 
 and departed this life in the 25th year of her age, the 12th of March, I700. 
 
 Near this place lie the remains of Sir William Lowther, of Holkcr, Baronet, 
 
 the last of his family in the male line, who, howsoever respectable 
 
 for the antiquity of it, was more so for the excellency of his virtues. 
 
 He departed this life in the twenty-ninth year of his age. 
 
 To perpetuate the memory and deplore tiie loss of his distinguished merit, 
 
 this Monument is erected. 
 
 Also, near this place, lie Sir Thomas Lowther and Mrs. Margaret Lowther, 
 
 the father and Aunt of Sir William. 
 
 On a wooden Tablet, 
 Near this place lyeth interred the bodies of Christopher Preston, late of Holker, in the 
 County of Lancaster, Esq. who deceased the 271!) of May, 15.94) and of John Preston, Esq. sonne 
 and heir of the said Christopher, who departed this life the 11th of September 1579, who by 
 Anne his wife, daughter and heir of William Benson, Esq. of Iluhgiil, in tire County of 
 Westmorland, gentleman, had issue George Preston, Esq. here likewise interred the 5th day 
 of April 1640, who by his first wife, daughter of Rafe Aston, of Lever, in the County of Lan- 
 caster, Esq. had issue three children, viz. Thomas, Christopher, and Frances. Thomas Pres- 
 ton, his eldest sonne, married Katharine, daughter of Sir Gilbert Houghton, of Houghton Tower, 
 knight and baronett, and hath issue George, Christopher, second sonne, never married; Frances, 
 married to Robert Uuckenfield, of Duckenfield, in the County of Cheshire, Esq. The said George, 
 by his second wife Margaret, the daughter of Sir Thomas Strickland, ofSizergh, in the County 
 of Westmoreland, Knight of the Bath, had issue George, who died without issue ; Anne, mar- 
 ried to Sir George Middleton, of Leighton, in the County of Lancaster, Knight and Baronet; 
 Elizabeth, wife of John Sayer, ofWirksal, in the County of Yorkshire, Esq.; and Margaret, 
 married to Francis Bidulph, of Bidulph, in the County of Staffordshire, Esq. The said George, 
 out of his zeal to God, at his great charges, repaired this church, being in great decay, with a 
 new roofe of timber, and beautified it within very decently with fretted plaster-work, adorned 
 the chancel with curiously-carved wood-worke, and placed therein a pair of organs of grcit 
 value. He bequeathed further, by his will, .^.100 towards binding poor men's sons of this 
 parish apprentices, besides divers other acts of charity and piety, through the whole course 
 of his life; to whose pious memory Thomas Preston, his son, hath caused this to be 
 made, 1646. 
 
 Near this place lieth interred the body of Dorothy, the most affectionate wife of John Big- 
 land, of Bigland, in the County of Lancaster, gent, whose ancestors founded and endowed the 
 Free School at Brow-Edge, and left many considerable benefactions to pious uses, in and about 
 Cartmel. She was daughter of the late Rev. William Wells, M.A. Vicar of xMillom, by 
 
 Elizabeth,
 
 5(50 PARISH OK CARTMELL. 
 
 Elizabeth, who also hes buried near this place), the daughter of Thomas Hudleston, Esq. of 
 the ancient family of the Hudlestons, of Millom Castle. She departed her religious and exem- 
 plary life on the l6th day of December, 173O. Also, near here lie the remains of John Big- 
 land, of Bigland, gent, who died 23d of June 1747, aged 57. 
 
 Near this place lieth the body of that most learned and honest counsellor at Law, Robert 
 Kawlinson, of Clark Hall, in Cartmel, in Lancashire, and of Gray's Inn, in Middlesex, Esq. 
 His great integrity, joined with a profound knowledge of the Law, made him esteemed and 
 beloved by all who knew him. 
 
 He was Justice of Peace and Quorum, and of Oyer and Terminer for the Counties Palatine 
 of Lancaster and Chester, to K.ing Charles the Second, a great sufferer for his loyalty to King 
 Charles the First, Vice Chamberlain of the City and County of Chester, to Charles Earl of 
 Darby. 
 
 He lived beloved of all, and so he died lamented October the 21st, 1665, aged 55. He married 
 the prudent Jane Wilson (eldest daughter of Thomas Wilson, of Haversham Hall, in West- 
 morland, Esq.), who died 1686, aged 66, and was buried in the same grave with him. By 
 whom he left Curvven Rawlinson, Esq. his eldest and only son (who married). He was a most 
 accomplished and ingenious gentleman, and a true patriot, and so succeeded his father in the 
 love and service of his Country, and dyed in it 16S9, aged 48 (being Burgess for Lancaster in 
 the Parliament convened 16S8), Jan. 22d, and was buried in the chancel of St. Mary's, at 
 Warwick. 
 
 Next Robert Rawlinson lietli the remains of the truly pious and religious Elizabeth Raw- 
 linson, wife of Curvven Rawlinson of Clark Hall. Esq. daughter and coheir of the loyal 
 Dr. Nicholas Monk, Bishop of Hereford, a great assistant, in the Restoration, to his brother, 
 the most noble George Monk, Duke of Albermarle, and son of Sir Thomas Monk, of Potheridge, 
 in Devonshire, knight. She was a most dutiful dauj^hter of the Church of England, as well as 
 of a prelate of it, being a sublime pattern of a holy piety, true charity. Christian humility, a 
 faithful friendship, a religious care of her children, and a divine patience under the tortures of 
 the stone, and with which she resigned her heavenly soul Sept. 27, 169I, aged 43j leaving 
 two sons; Monk Rawlinson, who died 1695, aged 21, and lyeth buried by her; and Christo- 
 pher Rawlinson, Esq. now living, born in Essex 1677 ; who in memory of his grandfather, 
 and most dearly beloved and good mother, erected this monument 1706. 
 
 Here before lyeth interred 
 
 Etheldred Thornburgh's corps in dust : 
 In lyfe, at death, styll fyrmely fixed 
 
 On God to rest hir stedfast trust. 
 Hir father Justice Carus was, 
 
 Hir mother Katharine his wiffe, 
 Hir husband William Tliornburgh was, 
 
 Whyle here she ledd this mortail lyfe. 
 
 The
 
 PARISH OF CARTMELL. 561 
 
 The thyrde of Martche and yeare of grace 
 
 One thowsaiid fyve hundred nyntie six 
 Hir sovvle departed this earthly place, 
 
 Of Aage nighe fortie yeares and six; 
 To whose sweet soule heavenlye dwelling 
 Our Saviour grant everlastinge. 
 
 Sepulchrale Marmor hoc sacrum est Memoriae 
 
 Johannis Askew, A. B. Collegii divi Johannis in Academia Cantabrigiensi, 
 
 qui moribus suavissim' integerrimis, 
 
 ingenio feliciter exculto 
 
 multa laude claruit : 
 
 virtutibus annos longe suj)eravit, 
 
 mentis famam explevit, 
 
 magni ohm nominis futurus 
 
 si ad virile robur et maturitatem accrescere licuisset; 
 
 sed ineluctabilis fati vis rapuit, 
 
 spesque optim^ conceptas et pia vota 
 
 parentum, aniicorum, 
 
 esse rata noluit. 
 
 Decessit Julii in" A. D. m.d.ccxi. aetat. xxin. 
 
 On the floor of the chancel are these mutilated inscriptions : — 
 
 T MeRCI A Mes De r v. 
 
 On the South East window, in Longobardic characters: 
 
 sni^n Tibial. ioS'-:^s.^sn.sjii}0'».n'z,oii nv^ — ffoF. 
 
 A late research into the rolls of the Duchy of Lancaster will enable me to add some 
 curious particulars relating to this House, immediately before and after the Dissolution. 
 
 George Wilson de Patton, in Kendale, de denariis, per Jac. Grigg, quondam Priorem de 
 Cartmell, praefato Georgio deliberatis ad usum dicti nuper Prioris et Conventus, ut dictus Prior 
 jacens in extremis asseruit et declaravit coram Ricardo Preston, successore dicti Jacobi et ultimi 
 Prioris ib'm, et aliis canonicis tunc ib'm pra^sentibus. 
 
 This gives the names of the two last Priors. There are several other memoranda of monies 
 lent, which prove that the ceconomy of this house w as frugal and good. 
 
 Campanarum V. 
 Compotus plumbi nuper Prioratus de Cartmel nondnm vcndit. nempe v campane dis- 
 cordantes, quarum iv minores remanent infra custodiam Thome Holcroft militis firmarii scitiis, 
 et VIII parv-e sues (pigs) plumbi, liquefacte de lavatorio et gutture (the gutter) Claustri, unde 
 IV remanent infra Castrum de Lancaster in custodia Marmaduci Tunstall militis, et alia; iv in 
 custodia praed. Tho. Holcroft ; et v«^ campana et residuum plumbi remanet in et super Cain- 
 
 4 c panilc
 
 ^g._, PARISH OK CAllTMELL. 
 
 panile et alias partes ecclesie, remanent' adhuc indissolute ad commoduni p'ochianorum, per 
 niandatuin Edw. comitis Derby, et Rob. com. Sussex, Loc. tenent. D"' Regis, A» xxix 
 
 Hen. VIII. 
 
 Tlie conduct of these two Earls is not greatly to be commended. The Church of Cartmell 
 was a Parish-Church before the foundation of the Priory, and continued to be so, in law, after 
 the latter was dissolved : their intervention, therefore, to continue it for the benefit of the 
 parishioners, was needless. For the same reason, they had no right to the bells, or any of them. 
 To the future service of the Church they were inattentive in a degree which is felt to the present 
 (lay. It was absurd to give the farmer of the rectory an option whether he would maintain one or 
 more chaplains out of the produce; and it was extremely thoughtless, not to bind him to the 
 payment of some specific stipend. But thus it was that the spiritual interests of parishes were 
 universally provided for, in that violent and rapacious work, the dissolution of the religious 
 
 houses. 
 
 FiRMA Rectokie de Cartmell. 
 
 Et praedictus firmarius et successores invenient et sustentabunt ad custus suos proprios unum 
 capellanum honestum sufficientem et idoneum, vel plures capellanos idoneos, ad divina obsequia, 
 sacramenta, et servitium ecclesie more curati infra ecclesiam prajdictam *. 
 
 S'ma Rect. de Cartmell, livZ. xix*. iirf.ob. 
 
 In the original Articles of Survey, for the Dissolution of Monasteries in Lancashire, I find 
 the following inquiries and answers. 
 
 " It'm, for y^ Church of Cartmell, being the Priorle, and alsoe P'sh Church, whether to 
 stand unplucked downe or not? 
 
 Answer — Ord'' by Mr. Chauncellor of the Duchie to stand still. 
 
 It'm, for a Suet of Coopis (Suit of Copes) claymed by y^ inhabitants of Cartmell, to belonge 
 to y* Church ther of, y* guift of oon Brigg. 
 
 Ord** — That the P'ochians shall have them styll. 
 
 It'm, for a Chales, a Masse Boke, a Vestyment, with other thynges necessarie for a P'sh 
 
 Church, claymed by saide P'ochians to bee customablie found by y* P'son of seide Church. 
 
 No answer. 
 
 * Rot. an. ?''« Edw. VI,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 AcCRINGTON Vetus, 409. 
 
 Chapel, 410. 
 
 Alcancoats, 397- 
 
 Althain, 401. 
 
 Manor-house and Chapel, 403. 
 
 Althani, and Banastre of Altham, Pedigree, 402. 
 
 Architecture, Domestic, Dissertation on the Origin and 
 Progress of, 499. 
 
 Assheton of Great Lever, VVhallcy, and Middleton, Pe- 
 digree, 243. 
 
 of Downham and Cuerdale, Pedigree, 299. 
 
 Diary of Nicholas, esq. of Downham, 300. 
 
 Letters from Raphe, 317. 
 
 ■ of Middleton, Account of the Family of, 526-528. 
 
 Monuments of the Family in Middleton Church, 524. 
 
 Sir Ralph, Account of, 243. Letters of, 317. 
 
 Monument to the Memory of, 524. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bacop Booth, Suit instituted by the Inhabitants of, about 
 
 Right of Common, 365. 
 Balderston, 431, 540. 
 
 Anecdote of a Lady of that Family, 431. 
 
 Banastre, Pedigree of the Family of, 403. 
 
 Barcroft, 464. 
 
 Barcroft of Barcroft, Pedigree, 363. 
 
 Barnside, in the Chapelry of Colne, 3S6. 
 
 Bashall, 473, 547. 
 
 Bayley, Family of, 462. 
 
 Belfield, 456. 
 
 Belisama, etymology of, 19. 
 
 Bellonionte, William de, 178. 
 
 Bernard, St. his abstraction, 110. 
 
 Bernshaw Tower, 4."3. 
 
 Bigland Mansion, 554. 
 
 Blackburn, Hundred of, 167. " Ministers Orders" for, 
 
 during the Commonwealth, 159. 
 
 Blackburn, Forest of, 203. Subdivided into Pcndlr-, 
 Trawden, Rossendale, and Accrington, 211. 
 
 Blackburn Parish, 420. Vicarage, 421. Rectors and 
 Lords of, 422. Manor, 423. Church, 425. Founda- 
 tion Deed of a Chantry at, 425. 
 
 Blackburnshire, Status de, 49. 71. 512. Lands held by 
 Military Service in, 187. Seneschalli de, 191. 
 
 Seals of the Lords of, Pl;iie, 177. 
 
 Bow-bearer of Bowland, Letters Patent by which tliat 
 Office was held, 235. 
 
 Bowland Forest, J32, 230, 232. 
 
 Braddyll with Brockliall, 433. 
 
 Braddyll Pedigree, 244. 
 
 Briercliffe Township, 375. 
 
 Roman Forts, 375. 
 
 Broadclough, the Dykes within it, 221. 
 
 Brou-holme, and a Plate of the House, 237. 
 
 Seal of the Commonwealth, Plate, 237. 
 
 Buckley, 454. 
 
 Buckley of Buckley, Pedigree, 454. 
 
 Burnley Parochial Chapelry, 321. The Town, a Roman 
 Settlement, ib. Church, 322. Saxon Cross at Bishop 
 I>eap, ib. Chapel of the Viri^in Mary at the East End 
 of the North Aile, the Burial-place of the Townleys of 
 Townley, 323. Cross formerly in the Church-yard, 
 326. Chaplains of, 330. Grammar School, 331. Mar- 
 ket, 333. 
 
 Bulterworth. Charters relating to, 455. 
 
 C. 
 
 Calder Rivers, Sources of both, and the Irwell, in Clivi- 
 ger, and Account of those Rivers, 345. 
 
 Cartmell, Parish of, 553. Mansion at, 553, 5.54. Ety- 
 mology of, 554. Church of, 555. Monuments in, 556 — 
 561. Stall» in the Choir restored, 55". 
 
 Castlehead Mansion, 554. 
 
 Castleton Hall, 457. 
 
 CalterdI,
 
 56-4 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Catteral, of Ciittcral in Amunderness, and of Little Mifton, 
 Pedigree, 254. 
 
 Chadwick of Heley, Ridware, Nevvhall, and Callow, Pe- 
 digree, 459. 
 
 Charm for Bleeding at the Nose, l.'iS. 
 
 Chatburn, 2i)5. Roman Medals, &e. found in the Vil- 
 lage, 296. 
 
 Chipping, 4(>5. 
 
 Church, 415. 
 
 Clayton les Moores, 40t)'. 
 
 Clayton Hall, 406. 
 
 Clayton of Little Harwood, Pedigree, 434. 
 
 Clegg Hall, 456. 
 
 Cliiheroe, Lords of the Honor of, 1*5. Dukes of Lancas- 
 ter, Lords of the Honor of, 181. Seal of the Dutchy of 
 Lancaster, Plate, 183. George Monk, Duke of Albe- 
 marle, Lord of the Honor, and Pedigree from, to the 
 Duke of Buccleugh, 1S3. Honor of, with the Forests 
 and other Demesnes, 187. Forest Laws, 193. Beasts 
 of Venery or Chace, 197- Parks, 205. 
 
 Clitheroe, from Ladsford Bridge, Plate, 183. Castle and 
 Chapel of St. Michael in Castro, 184. Town and Castle 
 of, 279. Chapel of St. Mary Magdalen, 2S4. Inscrip- 
 tion on brass there, ib. Chaplains, 2S7- Grammar 
 School of, ib. Domus Leprosonim de Edisforth, 288. 
 .533. 
 
 Cliderhow, Family of, the mansion called the Alleys in 
 Clitheroe their Manor House, afterwards of the Rat- 
 clitfe's of Wimmersley ; Anecdotes of those Families, 
 281. 
 
 Cliviger District, 33". 349. 365. Fortifications and Ro- 
 man Coins found within that District, 347. Geology 
 of, 367. 
 
 Coldcoats, 257. 
 
 Colleges and Monasteries, distinction between, 107. 
 
 Colne Parochial Chapelry, 385. Ch\nch, 3S6, 393. Chap- 
 lains, 387. Free School, 395. 
 
 D. 
 
 Decay of ancient gentry, 433. 
 
 Dcrplay Hill, in Rossendale, 226. 
 
 Dinkley Hall, 433. 
 
 Domesday-book for Lancashire, South of the Ribble, 37. 
 
 Downham Chapelry, 296. Manor House, 297- Chapel, 
 
 315. 
 Downham de. Account of that Family, 298. 
 Dugdalc, John, Memoirs of, 479. 
 Dunkenhalgh, 407. 
 Duiton, 462. 
 
 Earl's Bower, in Cliviger, 363. 
 Edisforth, Domus Leprosorum de, 288, 533. 
 Emmot, Monuments of the Family of, 393. 
 Einmot of Emmot, Pedigree, 397- 
 Entuiscll of Foxholes, Pedigree, 455. 
 Extwistle, 377. Byrelaw of, 370. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fairy INIythology, Witchcraft, and Ghosts, foiraerly be- 
 lieved in Cli\iger, 355. 
 
 Forests, 193. Commission for grauntinge of the, 208. 
 Important consequences of, 209, 520. 
 
 Foulridge, 398. 
 
 Foxholes, 455. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gawthorp, 338. Plate of the House, ib. Manor House 
 
 at, .534. 
 Geology of Cliviger, 367- 
 Greenacres of W'orston, Pedigree, 295. 
 Grimshaw of Clayton Hall, Pedigree, 406. 
 Mr. Curate of Haworth, his Character, and 
 
 Strictures upon the Methodists, 388. 
 Grindleton, 474. 
 
 H. 
 
 Habryngham Evez, 336. 
 
 Hall, and Pedigree of Habergham, 336, 337. 
 
 Halsted of Rowley, Pedigree of, 383. 
 
 Family, Pedigree, 329. 
 
 Hampson, John, clci k, of Rochdale, his Deposition as to 
 
 the Extent of that Parish, 442. 
 Hapton, Township of, 271- Castle and Parks, and Deer 
 
 formerly driven thiough a Pool there, 276, 277. 
 Harrington, of Hornby Castle, Pedigree, 476. 
 Harwood, Great and Little, 433, 434. Chapel of, 434. 
 Haslingden Township and Chapel, 416. 
 Haworth, Great, 544. 
 Haydock of Hcsandforth, Pedigree, 333. 
 Healey, [Highfield,] 458. 
 Heatlcy, William, Memoirs of him, 479. 
 Henthoin, 257. 
 Henry VI. called Saint, 91. 
 Hcsandforth, 333. 
 Hey houses, 296. 
 Highhouses in Pendle, 212. 
 Highwall Well, 511. 
 Hoddcr River and Scenery, 235. 
 
 Hoghton,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 665 
 
 Hoghton, Uichard, Esq. Feud in vvliich he met his death, 
 
 539. 
 Hoghton of Pendleton, Pedigree, 259. 
 HoUlcn of Palace House, Pedigree, 418. 
 Holker, Mansion, 553. 
 Holme, 533. Chapel, 3.53. 
 Holt of Little Mitton, Pedigree, 254. 
 
 of Stubley, Pedigree, 454. 
 
 of Grizzlchurst, Pedigree, 457. 
 
 Honorsfeld, 453, 544. 
 
 Howard, Parent Stock of the noble House of, 544. 
 
 Huncote, 409. 
 
 Hunting, Renunciation of the Right of, by the Abbot of 
 
 Whalley, 133. 
 Huniroyd, and Plate, 266. 
 Hurstwood Hail, 3S4. 
 Husbandry, as practised by the Monks of Whalley Abbey, 
 
 ]38. 
 
 I. 
 
 leppe Knave Grave, 261. 
 
 Jewish Temple formerly at Ribchester, 19. 
 
 Ightenhill Park, 218. 
 
 Inquisiliones post Mortem, Observations on, 169. 
 
 Inscriptions, Mnnnmcntal, Remarks on, 318. 
 
 Jolly, Rev. Thomas, Memoir of, 405. 
 
 Johnson, of Rushton Grange, Pedigree of the Family 
 
 of, 152. 
 Johnson, Margaret, her Confession of Witchcraft, 216. 
 .Johnson, Rev. William, Letters of on the Rights of the 
 
 Church of Whalley, 153. 
 
 K. 
 
 Keene, Bisho]i, Letters of, 153. 
 Keurdale, 429. 
 
 L. 
 
 Laci, second John de. Charter granting Title of Earl of 
 
 Lincoln to, 534. 
 Laci's, Lords of the Honor of Clithcroc, 175. 
 Laci's and Plantagenets, their Journeys across Cliviger, 
 
 362. 
 Laci's, Epitaphs of, in Whalley Church, 516. 
 Lamspring, Monastery of, in Westphalia, 547. 
 Lancashire, Domesday Book for South of Ribble, 37. 
 
 Memoiial respecting the Archbishop of Canterbury's 
 
 Benefices in, temp. Abp. Parker, 162. Observations on 
 
 the Churchyards of, 250. Manners of tlie People of 
 361, 382, .504, 505, 507. 
 
 Legh of High Leigh, Pedigree, 275. 
 
 Leigh, Dr. Remarks on his " Lancashire," 26. 
 
 Letters from Elizabeth Beaumont to her Hus'oand, and a 
 Letter to her from the P'son of Slaitburn, 475. 
 
 Letters from Savile Radcliffe lo Sir Richard Beaumont, 
 444. 
 
 Letter from Bialiop Tilson to, probably. Sir George Rad- 
 cliffe of Todmorden, 413. 
 
 Letter from E. Townley for Edward Parker of Brows- 
 holme, 477. 
 
 Letter of Lord Eiue and Lord \\ barton to the Earl of 
 Shrewsbuiy, 542. 
 
 Livesay cum Tockholes, 435. 
 
 Loe Hill, Examination of a Tumulus on, 511. 
 
 M. 
 
 Marsden, Great and Little, 398. 
 
 Chapel of, taken down and rebuilt, 400. 
 
 Maryage, a Balade of, 239. 
 
 Merclesden, Family of, 397, 398. 
 
 Merland, 66. 
 
 Merlay Magna Manor, 290. 
 
 Merlay Parva, 292. Manor-house, 293. 
 
 Mersey, its Etymology, 6. 
 
 Mi'thodists and Dissenters, observations on, 389. 
 
 Middlcton, Church of, 523. 
 
 Military Service, Lands held by in Blackburnshire, 197. 
 
 Milnrow Chajiel, 456. 
 
 " Ministers Orders" for Blackburnshire, 159. 
 
 Mitton, Little, with Henthorn and Cold Coats, Town- 
 ship of, 2.53. 
 
 the Hall, 256. 
 
 Mitton Magna, Church and Hall, 466, 467. 
 
 Shcrburn Chapel, in the Churcli, Plate, 467. 
 
 Monasteries, on the Construction of, 107. 
 
 Monk, Duke of Albemarle, Descent from, to the Duke of 
 Buccleugh, 183. 
 
 Moore, Sir Jonas, Memoir of, 4/9. 
 
 Musbury Park, 222. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nowell of Read, Pedigree, 293. 
 Nowell of Merlay, Pedigree, 293, 533. 
 Nowell, Alexander, Memoirs of him, 480. 
 Nowell, Lawrence, Memoirs of him, 483. 
 
 Old
 
 566 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 O. 
 
 Old Ihke. Source of the Irewell, «25, 362. 
 Orinerod, 364. 
 
 Ormeroyd of Onnerovd, Pedigree, 364. 
 OsbaldistOD, 425. Manor House, 540. 
 O^baldiston of Osbaldiiton, Pedigree, 4-^5.541. 
 OswaJdtwTile, 411. 
 
 Padiham, and the Chapel there, 267. 
 
 Parker, Edn;ird, of Browsholme, Portrait of, 237. 
 
 of Estn-isle, Pedigree, 377. 
 
 Parkers of Browsholme, Monuments of the, at Wadding- 
 ton, 473. 
 
 Paslew of Wiiwall Hall, Pedigree, 261. 
 
 Abbot of VJTialle)-, execution of, 82. 
 
 Pendle Forest, Boundaries of, 217- Scene of supposed 
 Witchcraft, 211. 
 
 Pendle Chapel, 212. 
 
 Hill, 27s. Pijenomenon obsened on, 521. 
 
 Pendleton, 25S. 
 
 Pilkington, Daoie Jane, her Will, 540. 
 
 Poetry, ancient, in " Liber Loci Benedicti," 119. 
 
 Pontefract, Case of the Monks of, 514. 
 
 Portfield, and Encampment there, 2.52. 
 
 Preston, George, Esq. his Benefection to Cartmell Church, 
 557- 
 
 Property, Origin, Progress, and Ramifications of, 127. 
 
 Radclifie of Chtheroe, Pedigree, 2S3. 
 
 of Todmorden, Pedigree, 291. Old Oak Bed- 
 stead from Todmorden, 292. 
 
 of Radcliffs Tower, Pedigree, 412. Plate of the 
 
 Hall in Radclifie Tower, 413. 
 Traditions of the Family, 414. 
 
 Radeclive, De, Pedigree, 414. 
 Read, Manor of, 262. 
 
 Celts fonnd in the Township, 264. 
 
 Hall, and Desecration of the Chapel, 263. 
 
 Ribblechester, Dr. Stukeley's .Account of, 20. 
 Ribchester, Roman Inscription found at, 17. 
 Jewish Temple at. 19. 
 
 Ribchester, 15, 400. Two Plates of Antiquities found 
 there, 28. 
 
 Rivers, natural Disuicts, British Names, modem Distri- 
 bution, Civil and Ecclesiastical, 4. 
 
 Rochdale Parish, 436. 
 
 Boundaries of the Parish, 452. Church, 43«, 
 
 449. Town. 436, 451. 
 
 Deeds relating to the antient State of, 438. 
 
 Coins found at, 545. 
 
 old families in the Parish of, 545. 
 
 — Vicars of, and Memoirs of several, 441. 
 
 — Grammar School, 452. 
 
 Roman History of WhaUey, 11. 
 Roman Inscription dug up at Ribchester, 17. 
 Roman Catholic Clergy, Remarks on, 464. 
 Rossendale, 220. New Church, 224. 
 
 Boundaries of the Forest of. 365. 
 
 Ron ley, 3S2. 
 
 Royle, 334. 
 
 Rupert, Prince, his Army, 3S3. 
 
 S. 
 Saddleworth Chapel, 450. 
 
 Salesbury, 432. 
 
 Salfbrd Hundred, Parliamentary Inquisition respecting 
 Churches for (1650\ 445. 
 
 Samlesburv and Hall, 430, 431. 
 
 Saxifield, near Burnley, 322. 
 
 Scotish Border, Documents and Letters relative to mus- 
 ters on (he, 532, 542, 547. 
 
 Saxon History, 33. 
 
 Seeker, Archbishop, Letter of, 154. 
 
 Segantii, 1. 
 
 Sermon, ancient Latin, 122. 
 
 Sherburn of Little Mitton, Pedigree, 254, 256. 
 
 Sherburn of Ston} hurst. Pedigree, 462. 
 
 Shutlleworth of Gawthorp, Pedigree, 339. 
 
 Simonstone, Township, 265. 
 
 Slave and his Family, Sale of, 134. 
 
 hiring for Life, 137. 
 
 Slaydburn, Parish of, 474. 
 
 Smethells, Manor-house of, 424. 
 
 Southworth, Lords of Samlesbury, Pedigree of, 430. 539. 
 
 Spotland, 457. 
 
 Stanlaw, in Cheshire, that .Abbey translated to Whal- 
 ley. 62. 
 
 Abbots of, 64. 
 
 Stanley of Hornby Castle, Family of, 477- 
 
 Stansfield, Family of. Pedigree, 3S1. 
 
 Starkie of Huntroyd, Pedigree, 266. 529. 
 
 Lawrence, of Hnntroid, Documents relating to 
 
 530. 
 
 ofTwiston, Pedigree, 320. 
 
 Stede, extra-parochial Chapel of, 460. 
 
 Stonyhurst, 464. Roman Catholic Seminary at, 546. 
 Plate of Stonyhurst, 464. 
 
 Stubley, 453. 
 
 Talbots
 
 INDEX. 
 
 5«7 
 
 Talbots of Bashall, Anecdotes of the Family, 273. 
 
 Talbot of Salesbury, Pedigree, 432. 
 
 Talbot of Mitton aiid Bashall, Pedigree, 47-2. .547. 
 
 Talbot, Thomas, Memoirs of him, 483. 
 
 Tanneries annexed to Abbeys, 92. 
 
 Thanage, Manors held by, 170. 
 
 Thieveley Pike, in Cliviger, 362. 
 
 Thornley, 466. 
 
 Tilson, Bishop, Letter of, 443. 
 
 Todmorden Chapelry, 453. 
 
 Tottington Manor, 228. 
 
 Townley of Koyle, Pedigree, 335. 
 
 cum Brunshaw, 340. Villa de Tunlay, 341. 
 
 Plate of the House at Townley, ib. 
 
 of Townley, Pedigree, 335. 
 
 . of Hurstwood, Pedigree, 384. 
 
 of Barnside, Pedigree, 396. 
 
 Charles, Esq. .Memoirs of, 484. 
 
 ■ John, Esq. Memoirs of him, 487. 
 
 Christopher, Memoirs of him, 488. 
 
 Kiclmrd, Memoirs of him, 488. 
 
 - John, Knight of Saint Louis, Memoirs of him. 
 
 489. 
 
 Marbles, Account of, 485. 
 
 Trawden Chace, 220. 
 
 Twisden, Bishop of Raphoe, Anecdote of, 202. 
 
 Twisleton, orTwiston, 319. 
 
 W. 
 
 VVaddington Chapel and HosjHtal, 473, 547. 
 VValmeslev of Dunkcnhalgh, Pedigree, 407. 
 Walton, 429, 536. Epitaphs in the Chapel of. 537. 
 Watling-street, 11, 28. 
 Westphalia, Monasteiy of Lamspring in, 547. 
 Whalley, Roman History of, 11. 
 
 History of during the Saxon a;ra, 33. 
 
 Field of Wells, 34. 
 
 Account of from Domesday Book, 37- 
 
 Ecclesiastical State of at the Domesday Sur- 
 vey, 42. 
 
 Ecclesiastical History, 48. 
 
 . Plate of three Saxon Crosses, 48. 
 
 ~ Townships in the Parish of, 157. 
 
 . Topogiaphical Survey of the Parish of, by Town- 
 
 ships, 242. 
 Poitions of the Parish of, between Pendle and the 
 
 Ribble, 278. 
 
 Whalley, General Obseirations on, 507. 
 
 Population of the original Parish of, 509, 510. 
 
 Perambulation of the Parish of, 551. 
 
 Abbey, Locus Benediclus de, with three Plates, 
 
 61. SO. 106. 114. 142. 
 Abbot and Fiaternity removed from Stan- 
 
 law, 62. 
 
 Foundation of, 67. 
 
 Abbots of, and History of them, 68. 
 
 Hospitality of, 75. 
 
 — ■ .\nchoressc3 of, 76. 
 
 Cromwell's Relaxations of the Visitors' 
 
 Injunctions, 81. 
 Dissolution of the, and Execution of Ab- 
 
 bot John Paslew, 82, 106, 520. 
 
 List of Abbots and Monks, 83, 516. 
 
 Conipotus of, 88. 
 
 Manners of the Monks and Abbots of, 105. 
 
 Purchase of, and Lands, at the Dissolu- 
 
 tion, by Braddyll and Assheton, the House in Asshcton's 
 Part, 106. 
 Construction of Monasteries in general. 
 
 and the Cistertian Houses in particular, 107. 
 
 Sums paid for demolishing, 111. 
 
 Plate of a Ground Plan, investigating the 
 
 Foundations of, ih. 
 Opening the Ground within the Scite, 
 
 112. 
 
 Liber Loci Benedicti de, 1 14. 
 Status Monasterii de (1.536), 141. 
 Plates of Seals of, 143. 
 
 Deans of, 54. 
 
 Whalley, Inquisition of the Property of the Church of 
 
 (1296), 63; (1298), 129. 
 
 Rectory of, made a Lay Fee, 106. 
 
 Bells in the Church of, 72. 
 
 Documents relating to the .Appropriation of the 
 
 Rectory, and Endowment of the Vicarage of, 124. 
 
 Parish and Vicarage of, 143. 
 
 Chapels on the old Foundation, 145. 
 
 Chapels on the next Foundation, 147. 
 
 Easter-roll, for the Church of, 149. 
 
 Vicars of, 150. 
 
 — Monumental Inscriptions in the Church of, 245. 
 
 — Church, and two Chapels within it, 245. 
 East Window of, 245. 
 
 whimsical Carvings on the Stall of the Church 
 
 of, 247. 
 Paulinus's Crosses in the Church-yard of, ride 
 
 Plate 31, 250. 
 Vicarage of, augmented by the present Incum- 
 
 bent, 251. 
 
 Whalley
 
 568 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Whalley Church and Church-yard, the scite of a Roman 
 Encampment, C52. 
 
 Epitaphs of tl»e Laci's in, 516. 
 
 VVhalley, Gardiner and Smythe, Pedigree, 253. 
 Grammar School at, 231. 
 
 U 
 
 iltaker, of Holme, Pedigree, 352. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Dunham, 156. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Thoresby, Epitaph on, 536. 
 
 William, Memoirs of, 493. 
 
 Whitaker, of Simonstone, Pedigree of, 5'2S. 
 
 Whitcwell Chapel, Keeper's House and Encampment, 235. 
 
 VVhitworth Chapelry, 458. 
 
 Wiswall Township, 259. Hall, 260. 
 
 Witchcraft, Examination of Pereons for ])retended, 213. 
 
 Wolton, Dr. John, 498. 
 
 Woreley of Twiston, Pedigree, 320. 
 
 Worsthorn, 380. 
 
 Worston and Chatburn, 294. 
 
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