' I - 1 1 - '- - LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. RECEIVED BY EXCHANGE Class K E P O E T ON THK SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THK t< VOYAGE OF S.Y. 'SCOTIA SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE I. u u Qi < z d z o u tt. U- O OJ z ILI U a z O tti ILI a. C ILI Q Z UJ IL) a a ILI SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. BE PO ET l'N 110. SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF no VOYAGE OF S.Y. "SCOTIA" DURING THE YEARS 1902, 1903, AND 1904, UNDKR THK LKAHKR.SHIP OK WILLIAM S. BRUCE, 1. 1.. I'. K.K.S.K. Volume IV. ZOOLOGY. PART I. 7A)OLOGICAL LOG, by DAVID W. WILTON, J. H. HARVEY PIRIB. B.Sc., M.D., etc., and R. N. RUDMOSK BROWN, B.Sc. Thirty-three Plates and two Maps, including 100 Photixjraphs by THE EDITOR and THE AUTHORS. Colmtred Frontispiece by WILLIAM SMITH. - or [UNIVERSITY Of EDINBURGH: ^rottisi) ctanograp^tcal laboratory* SOLD AT THE SCOTTISH OCEANOGRAPHICAL LABORATORY; JAMES THIN, 56 SOUTH BRIDGE, EDINBURGH ; JAMES MACLEHOSE & SONS, 61 ST VINCENT STREET, GLASGOW. 1908. Priet Tkirite* SkiUinyt in doth; Ten Shilhity and Siepenee in paper. EDITORIAL NOTE. < IN previous voyages I had learnt the value of keeping immediate records in a systematic manner of everything of scientific value, so that memory need never be trusted to, even for tin- matter of a day, and so that things observed could be referred to at any time in Mark and white. To Mr DAVID W. WILTON I handed over the nig of the Zoological Log, and I cannot praise too highly the systematic and con- ; mils manner in which he gathered us all together every evening and extracted from us in brief everything we had seen during the day of zoological interest. While, therefore, the log is his excellent work, it is the summing up of everything that was noted during every day. I may mention that the crew became keen and accurate- observers and careful collectors, and to them are due many most valuable records. Among all the ship's company there was, perhaps, no better observer than our second officer, the late Mr ROBERT DAVIDSON. He would distinguish a new bird on the wing at long distance before anybody on board. From the start of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition to its finish the open-air observations of the naturalists on board were recorded daily in this log. The log makes no pretensions to being anything more than a field note-book of the natural history of the voyage. It was, naturally, impossible to identify all birds seen on the wing, and all marine animals passed by when the ship was making passages from one point to another. In consequence, especially during the passage of the " Scotia " through the tropics, the records on many days are slight ; and if the entries occasionally have little scientific value, they can at least claim to be a faithful record of life observed. During the "Scotia's" cruises in antarctic seas, and more particularly during her wintering in Scotia Bay, South Orkneys, the daily entries will be found to be fuller and more precise, and it is from those regions that the observations will have most value. Everyone on board was conversant with the names of the an tan tic birds and seals ; the attention of all the naturalists was concentrated on the work ; and since the "Scotia" was then in her special field of operations, there was seldom, if ever, any apt made at quick passages. The log, therefore, expanded from a few cursory observations into a detailed naturalists' diary. The log has been prepared for publication with no material alterations ; the names if the animals referred to have been added in footnotes wherever possible and desirable, 177707 VI EDITORIAL NOTE. and here and there a few explanatory notes have been inserted at the bottom of the page. Otherwise it stands exactly as it was written from day to day. While Mr D. W. WILTON was the recorder for by far the greater part of the voyage, it was occasionally necessary for him, during his absence on sledge and boat journeys, to delegate the task to another member of the scientific staff, usually Mr R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN ; when this was the case it has been recorded in a note. During the summer months of 1 903-04, when the " Scotia " was absent coaling and refitting at the Falkland Islands and Buenos Aires, Dr J. H. HARVEY PIRIE was the author of the " Zoological Log of Omond House, Scotia Bay." I have to thank Mr R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN for the very great help he has given me in the editing of this part of Volume IV. ; I have also been aided by Professor J. ARTHUR THOMSON and Mrs BRDCE in the final revision of the proofs. The work is greatly enhanced by the coloured frontispiece of Mr WILLIAM SMITH, of Aberdeen, doubly valuable since he has had experience as artist in a Polar expedition. I have to cordially thank Messrs BLACKWOOD for the use of blocks for no less than fifteen of the illustrations, which have previously appeared in their interesting publication entitled The Voyage of the Scotia, and Messrs ROWLAND WARD for allowing their photograph of the great sea-lion to appear. WILLIAM S. BRUCE, Editor. CONTENTS. /"OLOGK'AI. LOG OF "SCOTIA." RECORDER DAVID W. WILTON . I RECORDER R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN, B.8c. 46 RECORDER DAVID W. WILTON 49 RECORDER R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN, B.8a 52 RKCORDER-DAVID W. WILTON 60 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SUMMER STATION, OMOND HOUSE. RECORDER-J. H. HARVEY PIRIE, B.Sc, M.D. 85 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS. PLATK I. 1. Weddell Sel and Emperor Penguin. Painted by William Smith PLAT* II. . Front upieef ricno PAOS 3. "In medias res" The "Scotia" naturalist*, Meiwrs Wilton, Brown, and Pirie, in the " Scotia " Deck Laboratory .... S. Saddle Island, South Orkney*, where "Scotia" naturalist* made their first Antarctic landing . . . . . Photograph by W. S. Bruce. PLATE III. Portuguese Man-o'-War (PhytaJia) (} natural site): 4. Full Hull .... 5. End tilted up, whilst turning over !...... 6. Lying! . . . . Photoyraph* by W. S. Bruce. PLAT- IV. 7. Large Suntish (Mltayoritcus mola) in Scottish Oceanographies! Laboratory, captured lot. 39' 01' S., long. 83' 40' W 8. Sucking Fish (Kfhenew) Uken alive inside the mouth of the Sunfih (J natural size) ; (a) Dorsal aspect, showing sucker on top of head ; (b) Ventral aspect Photo-jrapht by T. C. Day. PLAT* V. 9. Crab masked with red alga and sponge* from A brolho* Bank, 36 fathom*, lat. 18* 26' S., long. 37* 58' W. (1 J natural oire). Photoyraph by T. C. Day 10. Securing a shut Oj tr Catcher near Cape Pembroke, Falkluml Islands. Photo- graph by If*. 5. Bruct ...... 11. Tussock Grass (Daclylit cmpitt>ta), where sea lions sleep, Tussock Islands, near Stanley, Falkland Island*. Ph-tograr-h by W. S. Bruce . 12. Sea Klepbant (Marrvrhinu* teo*inw), l'<>rt William, Falkland IUnds . LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FACING PAGE PLATE VI. 13. Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes loeddelli). Photograph by W. S. Bruce 14. White Antarctic Seal (Lobodon carcinopliaga). Photograph by R. N. R. Brown 15. Sea Leopard Seal (Stenorhynchus leptonyx). Photograph by /. H. H. Pirie 16. Ross Seal (Omrnatophoca rossi). Photograph by W.S.Bruce . PLATE VII. 17. Blue-eyed Shags (Phdlacrocorax atricept:) on Rudmose Rooks, South Orkneys 18. Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) fishing in Scotia Bay, South Orkneys Photographs by W. S. Bruce. PLATE VIII. 19. Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) fishing in Scotia Bay, South Orkneys. Tail up ...... . . 20. Blue-eyed Shags (Phalacrocorax atriceps) nesting on Shag Rock, opposite Point Thomson ...... 21. Macdougall and a friendly Blue-eyed Shag 22. Blue-eyed Shag, nest, and egg ... Photographs by W. S. Bruce. PLATE IX. 23. Black-throated Penguins (Pygoscelis adelix) on Point Martin, South Orkneys. A fight! . . . . ..''.'.. 24. Black-throated Penguins on Graptolite Island, South Orkneys. Running the Gauntlet! ...'.. Photographs by W. S. Bruce. 25. 26, and 27. Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) (height fully 3 feet, weight about 70 to 80 Ibs.). Photographs by W. S. Bruce and J. H. H. Pirie PLATE X. 28. Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) off Coats Lanil .... 29. Weddell Seals on Mossman Peninsula, Scotia Bay 30. Finner Whale (Balxnoptera sp. ?) 31. Two Finner Whales .... Photographs by W. S. Bruce. PLATE XL 32. A shallow-water Antarctic Isopod (Glyptonotus antarcticus) taken in Scotia Bay, in 10 to 20 fathoms ( natural sizo) .... 33. A new speciesof duep-water Antarctic Isopod (Serolis meridionalis) taken near Coats Land in 1410 fathoms. Lat. 71 22' S., long. 16 34' W. (1| natural size) . Photographs by W. S. Bruce. 34. A long-lost Ten-legged Sea Spider (Decalopoda australis), rediscovered by the ' Scotia " naturalists (| natural size). Photograph by T. C. Day 10 12 14 16 20 I.I-T "I- ll.l.l -II.'AI [QJ PLATE XII. 35. The Crimson Mr (OdonUuUr valuta). A shallo.wat r M,,,. ..f !.), i <|u:iiitiiieN wet* Ukm in S,-.,tu I lay. in 10 to 30 f*llioin (I \ natural x, > 24 36. A shallow-water Starfish (Diphuteriat Tun/urli), of whitth i-onsidviaMi- nunilier* were taken in S...ti.i l!.i\, in 10 fathom* (} natural Uv) . . Phoioyra/ih* lj I'. < '. Day. PLATE XIII.- 37. A deep-water Starfish (ftiltutrnqmi* faeetut) taken in 1742 falhonm. Lit. 48' 6' S., long. 10* V W. (\ natural tin) .... 38. A deep-water Starfish (Cli itmuutrr johunmt) taken in 1775 Utlioiiix. Lat. 62* 10* S., long. 41' 20' W. (j natural size) .... 39. A dcep-w*tr Stnrliah (Styracatter roinutu*) taken in 2103 fathoms. Lut. 51* 7' S., long. 9* 31' W. (} natural dM) . ly T. C. Day. XIV. 40. DredftinK in shallow water at winter quarter* from "Scotia'*" bow 41. Dmlginx in deep water .... I'holixjraphu lj W. S. Bruce. 42 Setting a fishing line in a large pool in Scotia Bay. Plu>tjra t >h by R. A". It. liroun . , . , 43. The Urge Trap used by the "Scotia" naturalist*. Pliotoyraph by I). W. Wilton PLATE XV.- 44. Animal life in shallow Antarctic Seas, 10 fathouiH, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys 45. Animal life in deep Autarkic Seas, 1410 fathoms, Weddell Sea, 71* 22' S., 16* 34' \V ...... l'h<>l,>.jraiihf l,y W. ,v. Itruee. 46. NotoUienia roriicept taken in great niimhrrs in Scotia Bay in 5 to 80 fathom* ; also off Coata Land in 161 fathoms (J natural size). Photograph by T. C. flay ....... 47. A living Itotolhaua yibberi/ron*, about 10 fathoms, Jeuie Bay, South Orkneys (J natural size). I'lmtiymjih hy W. S. Bi-vee PLATE XVI. 48. Weddell Sal (Leptmujclwtet teedtielli) and newly-born young, Scotin Bay, South Ork it. \ 49. Weddell Seal and young about two or three days old, Scoti* Buy, South Orkneya 50. Young Weddell Seal one day old, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys . I'holotjraph* ij II . .V liruee. 51. Young Weddell Seal two days old, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys. PArtoyrapl, l-ij T. L'. Day N 36 Xll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FACING PACK PLATE XVII. 52. Blue-eyed Shag (Phalacrocorax atriceps) on nest, at Eudmose Rocks, South ' Orkneys. Photograph by W. S. Bruce ..... 53. Gentoo Penguin (Pyyoscelis papua) on nest, at Ferguslie Peninsula, South Orkneys. Photograph by J. H. H. Pirie ..... 54. Ringed Penguin (Pyyoscelis Antarctica) in Macdougall Bay, South Orkneys. Photograph by J. H. H. Pirie . ... 55. Ringed Penguins lighting at Point Thomson, Pirie Peninsula. Photograph by J. H. H. Pirie . . . . . . . . i PLATE XVIII. 56. Ringed Penguins (Pyyoscelis antarctica) courting. Point Thomson, South Orkneys. Photograph by W. S. Bruce , . . .-. 57. Ringed Penguins mating. Point Thomson, South Orkneys. Photograph by D. W. Wilton . . PLATE XIX. 58. Antarctic Skuas (Meyalestris antarcticus) fighting on the beach, Scotia Bay. Photograph by R. C. Mossman ...... 59. Antarctic Skua flying. Macdougall Bay, South Orkneys. Pliotographs ly W. S. Bruce . . ... 60. Antarctic Skua on nest. Mossman Peninsula, South Orkneys . 61. Wliite-rumped Tern (Sterna Hirundinacea) at Point Davis, South Orkneys. Photographs by J. H. H. Pirie. PLATE XX. 62. Snowy Petrel (Pagodroma nivea) on nest. Jessie Bay, South Orkneys 63. Snowy Petrel flying, Weddell Sea. The snowy petrel indicates the proximity of pack ice . Photoyraplis by W. S. Bruce. 64. Young Great Southern Black-backed or Dominican Gulls (Larus dominicanus) in down. Photograph by J. H. H. Pirie ..... 65. Cape Pigeons (Daptioit cajiengis) preparing to nest. Macdougall Bay, Ferguslie Peninsula. Pholograjih by W. S. Bruce ..... PLATB XXI. 66. Patagonian Sea Lion (Otaria jubata) in Royal Scottish Museum, from Tussock Island, Port William, Falkland Islands. Weight exceeding 1200 Iba. Photograph by Rowland Ward ...... PLATB XXII. 67. The "Scotia" beset off Coats Land, Antarctica. Shear-legs for baited trap set in 161 fathoms shown, also flensing board for sealskins 68. Weddell Seal (Leptwiychotes wefldelli), male. Off Coats Land, Antarctica Phctoyraphs by W. S. Bruce. 48 52 56 60 64 68 l.l.sT "i ii. 1. 1 BTRITIO] PLATS XXI II 69. A Sulked ilnep-sea Bpoufp, DOW gvuus mid iwci< of the family K Ukt-n from .> -*i fatlioma. Lat. 64' 48' S., loug. 44' 26 \V. (about | natural use) ....... 70. A new specie* >f Sulked deep-*ea rrin.ud >r l-V.itli.-r> t >r (I'lilorrinu* Itrwxi) ' fathoms. I.ii. 64' 48' S., lung. 44* 26' (about j u*turl mze) .... 71 An Al v -narun MI;I/./I//IW rfyularit), tiiken in larg iuiiTitUieii off Gouh || , . 100 f*t!ioni, nd in smaller quantities ut Kt Hi-lenn ami Bnrdwood Bunk ( j natural me) IHJ \V. N Itrwe. x... XXIV. .iiariau (Paramuriw robutla) taken off O-mgh I (land in 100 fth.m. un.l uff St Helena ol'iri*), t^ken in large quantities in Scotia and Jessie Bays, Smith Orkneys (natural sire) PhotoyraiJti by T. C. Itay PLATB XXV. 76. Yellow-lulled Sojty Albatrow (PhoeMria fuliyinoM), off (iongh Island, South Atlllitir .... 77 .1. i; Southern Black-backed or Dominican Oull (Lanu dominirantu) flying. i ih Orkueys . > : rraplt* Ixj W. S. Brmet. XXVI. ita in the roaring fortif- .11 (I)m.ti-m t'ij*iui*) living "If South Orkneys 80. Wilson's 1'i-trcl (Oceanili*ueainu) flying off South Orkneys . 81. Blue-billed Sooly Alliatrow (Pltaebelria cornieoi'lf*) flying about lat 50* S., - nth Atlantic ..... l'linl,,jra/-h* I"/ H'. >'. Bruce. PLATS XXVII. 82. His Kxcellency Col. H. L. Galway, <;ov c nior of Si H-leno, riding a tortoise, introduce! into St Helena aliout a huu.lred yeaw ago 83. Buiih completely covered with neats, proUbly shags, on au island in Saldanha Bay, South Africa ... 84. Jackass Penguins (/,/'"'* ma>jdUmiau) on Tussock IsUn.l, Port Willuun, Kalklmd Islands .... 85. Black-footed Penguins (Sphenitem deinertut) olf Ihusen Island, South Africi -jrapkf liy II'. >'. Bruff. 70 7-J 74 76 78 XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FACING PAOK PLATB XXVIII. 80 82 85 86. Two living Chelmons and a living baby Turtle (J natural size) . 87. A living Monoeanthus (\ natural size) .... 88. J. H. H. Pirie catching Velellas in Mid-Atlantic 89. D. W. Wilton shooting birds in Mid-Atlantic . Photographs by W. 6'. Bruce. PLATE XXIX. 90. Land Crabs (Telphusa) at an altitude exceeding 2000 feet on Green Mountain, Ascension (J natural size) ....... 91. A Cape of Good Hope Tortoise (Testudo ungulata, Sohweigg) captured in Saldanha Bay, South Africa ( natural size) . . . ... Photographs by T. C. Day. PLATE XXX. 92. Oinond House, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys. Photograph by W. S. Bruce 93. A Giant Cuttlefish (Onychoteuthis), captured in Jessie Bay, South Orkneys, length about 6 feet. Photograph by L. H. Valeite .... PLATE XXXI. 94. Giant Petrel (Osxifraga gigantea), grey variety on nest of stones. Pliofngiapli by W. S. Bruce . .... 95. Giant Petrel, white variety, and nest with egg. Photograph by D. H". Wilton .... ... 96. Giant Petrels, pale grey, dark grey, and white varieties, gorging on blubber off a seal skin ......... 97. Giant Petrel rising witli difficulty alter gorging .... Phvtor/ra/ilus by W. S. Bruce. PLATE XXXII. 98. Giant Petrels, Nellies, or Stinkers (Ossifraga gigantea) nesting at Cape Geddes, South Orkneys ........ 99. Sheathljills or Paddies (Cliionis alia) at Fergusdie Peninsula, Macdougall Bay . Photographs Inj W. S. Bruce. PLATE XXXIII. 100. Black-throated Penguin (PyyoacMs itdeliu:) feeding its young. Photvgra/Ji Inj J. H. H. Pirie ........ 101. Black-throated Penguins, rookery on Ferrier Peninsula, South Orkneys. Photograph by W. S. Bruce ...... MAP J. Trark Chart ot the "Scotia," 1902-1904. By W. S. Bruce . . .) \ 104 MAP II. Map showing the Trawling Stations of the " Scotia," 1902-1904. By W. S. liruce. ) 92 100 PART I. -ZOOLOGICAL LOG. . - - or UNIVERSITY; or ,RNl*, SCOT. NAT. ANT. Exp. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE II. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. K. N. Kudmoae Bruwn. David W. Wilton. J. H. Harvey Pirie. [Photo by W. S. llruce. 2. In media* ret. The "Scotia" Naturalists, Messrs Wilton, Brown, and Pirie, in the "Scotia" Deck Laboratory. [I'hata by W. S. Bruce. 3. Saddle Island, South Orkneys, as seen looking North-West from Jessie Bay, where the "Scotia" Naturalists made their first Antarctic Landing. ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF S.Y. SCOTIA, 1902-04 DAVID W. WILTON, Recorder. Nr. i \tf t , 50 46' N. 7 35' W. A lark riew on board about noon, and though \\ took great care <>t" it, it Mic-.-umled to exhaustion .luring the nL'lit. Nov. \:\th. i'. -o' N. 10 00' W. Sharks were, observ-,1 ', tin- first tim,. this alt. rniKin while we were engaged in kite-Hying. Nov. IGth, 40 45' N. 13 16' W. Gulls seen during the day. Nov. nth, 39 34' N. 14 01' W. Birds observed in the afternoon too far off to make out. Nov. 18th, 36 e 59' N. 14 34' W. Two gulls seen. Nov. 19th, 34 18' N. 15 25' W. Stormy petrels observed at 10 A.M. Nov. 20th, Arrived at Funchal, Madeira, 9 A.M. Crows, sparrow-hawks, corbies nnd pigeons seen during our stay. Botanical and zoological collections on shore and lanli National Antarctii 1 tion. 4. Full Sail ! (/.< \\iL.b* SO* S. 84 20MV. What the captain describes as "dolphin whales" 1 -.-CM tin- morning, when a dozen or more of these cetaceans were lying lazily on the surface of tin- water, and, though the ship passed within .">o yards of them. they iiid no attention to it. Their eolour seemed to be a greyish black. A Hock of bin Is (skuas) were seen by Mr Bruce and the captain in the afternoon, of a black colour except belly and breast which were white, but they were too far off to distinguish clearly. In the afternoou saw the coast of Brazil near Pernambuco. Very few crustaceans ob-cm-il in tow-net. Dec. 15th, 7 20' S. 34 38' W. Saw a large turtle this afternoon off the coast whilst we were out in a boat kite-flying; we tried to capture it, with no success. Two kinds of small fish seen in tow-net, a pearl-fish and a young pipe-fish. A number of porpoises seen in the evening. />.,. \c,t),, 9* 6' S. 34 38' W. Saw two boobies in morning whilst after kite. A -in ker tish. one ineh long, observed in tow-net, also two species of gasteropods and one young lamellibranch, but crustaceans are still comparatively scarce. De<: \7tli, 11 28' S. 35 50' W. Flying-fish seen in considerable numbers. Saw a large Physalia before breakfast. Mr Bruce and Pirie saw a brownish speckly bird, like a voting herring gull. Crustaceans still scarce in the plankton. Dec. \8th, 13 26' S. 36" 45' W. Several flying-fish seen to-day. A small bird was observed this evening of a black colour and the size of a thrush. Crustaceans still scarce in the tow-net. Dec. \9th, 15 24' S. 37 12? W. Flying-fish still to the fore. A flock of dark eolourcd birds like noddies, and two white ones, were seen this morning. After dinner Mr Bruce caught a large Physalia, which was drawn and painted. Other specimens were also seen. Dec. 20th, 18' 11' S. 37" 55' W. We had a dredge out for the first time to- day at 15.30 to 16 hours,* in 36 fathoms coral bottom, 18 26' S. 37 58' W. ; 138J fathoms of steel rope were paid out, and a pressure of about a quarter of a ton was registered, on the dynomometer. We steamed very slowly ahead, trailing the dredge along the bottom for thirty- five minutes. The following list shows the groups represented in the contents : Foraminifera Porifera Hydroidea Alcyonaria Pennatulidae " Corals " It is impossible to give the names of Antarctic cetaceans with any degree of accuracy until specimen! are secured and a definite study of these undertaken. : This dredging was taken on the Abrolho* Bank. 4 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA Polychaeta Biyozoa Opliiuroidea Crinoidea Caprella Decapoda Mollusca These animals were mostly attached to the two swabs fastened to the dredge. The dredge itself was torn. Several large specimens of Physalia were seen during the time the dredge was out, one of which was caught. Dec. 2lst, 20 40' S. 38 20' W. Flying-fish and a large Physalia observed in the morning. Dec. 22nd, 22 42' S. 39 22' W. Flying-fish and Physalia. A small dark bird (the size of a sparrow) was seen flying over the bridge. Gasteropods (l-2m.m. shell) abundant in tow-net. Sea very phosphorescent to-night. Dec, 23rd, 24 42' S. 40 34' W. Largest shoal of flying-fish seen during the voyage passed after breakfast. One Halobates in tow-net to-day. Dec. 24th, 26 35' S. 42 05' W. A black petrel, a booby and two gulls seen by the captain. Flying-fish still plentiful. Copepods again abundant in tow-net. Dec. 25th, 28 27' S. 43 45' W. Petrels, boobies and flying-fish seen after lunch. Dirty grey yellowish threshers (fully 20 ft.) were seen jumping clean out of the water as a large school of them passed by, travelling in a south-easterly direction. Dec. 26th, 30 25' S. 45 45' W. A petrel with a white breast and belly, a brownish black colour generally and a small white marking on the under and upper surface of the wing, has been seen for the last two or three days. Mr Bruce believes it to be of the prion family. Its dimensions approximate to those of fulmar glacialis but its wings appear to be sharper : several were seen to-day. A small petrel was also observed which may be Wilson's petrel. 1 Its plumage is mainly black but it has a white belt right round the rump. Apparently the captain also saw it yesterday. Flying-fish observed this morning and a booby was seen after dinner. Copepods plentiful in tow-net. Dec. 27th, 32" 15' S. 47 30' W. A large number of moths were observed during the day, and specimens of about three different species were caught. 2 No flying-fish have been seen to-day by anyone on board. A Velella was caught and a fine specimen of Doliolum was seen. Prion petrel and Wilson's petrel also seen. A Physalia caught but its accompanying fish was not captured. 8 Dec. 28th, 33 50' S. 48 44' W. A thresher was seen this morning. About 2.30 P.M. a long band of brownish scum was observed floating on the surface of the water. 4 The position of this band was 34 02' S. 49 07' W. A boat put off to collect samples of this scum and to shoot birds (prion petrels) which were hovering around us. Several animals were discovered amongst this floating mass and fine specimens of 1 Oceanites oceanicus. 2 These moths were blown from the land by an offshore breeze. "We were at the time 80 to 90 miles off the Brazilian coast. 3 A species of small fish generally accompanies the Physalia. * Trichodesmium eryihraeum. . NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE IV. Zoological Log of Scotti-h National Antarctic Kxpcditin. Dot. 7. Urge Sunftsh (OrtJtayoritnu moio) In Scottish Oceanographk-al Laboratory, captured Ut 8 01' S.. long. 53" 40' W. *t T. C. 8. Sucldng-ftsb (AVAMu) taken alire inside toe mouth of the Sunlith. (| oatunl dae.) (A) Donal Aspect, showing Sock on Top of Head. (//) Ventral Aspect. ' HE 'UNIVERSITY) OF SCOTLAND TO THK FALKLAND ISLANDS. 190S 6 a 8|*. i. - nt m--ilus,,i.r ami l'lii/.*ililn.t. l.ar^e pliosohanMent Hashes >jmilar in thiwc of an eleetrii arc lamp won- seen at niirlit. A turtle was seen this morning. /'.. -_".i//i. :. - i .- s. ,., ; \\. Mill-tin NIW tl\ 11.- Mi at 2 A.M. from the fn'c'sle head -kiniiiiiipj along the water. A thresher and a tinner were seen this morning quite ( |c.~.' in each other; tin- thresher was observed to jump out of the water. Another viirirty of priiin jx'trel -observe*! durinj; tin- afternoon by Mr Bruce and others, almost entirely whit- on the under surface, white throat probably up to beak, white breast ami lielly, white also under tail except probably at the tip, and white under the wings; the i.--t \.-ry like the prion shot yesterday. 1'rimi petrels and a small petrel very like WiNun's observed. Crustaceans almost absent in tow-net which contained a nmuKei of examples of Sn// Dec. 30th, 35 23' 8. 49 53' W. Wilson's petrel and several petrels of the two prioii kinds and two albatroses hovered about the ship for the greater part of the lay. The last named birds seen for the first time. Dec. 3lst, 36 39' 8. 52 10' W. Same birds observed as yesterday. Salpn vn-\ abundant in tow-net. Jan. 1st 1903, 39 01' 8. 53 40' W. Wilson's petrels, two kinds of prion petrels, albatroses and a bosun bin! were observed to-day. Sun-fish' were also seen : at 2.30 P.M. a boat was lowered to get one. After several ineffective attempts at harpcxming we managed to stun one with shot. Davidson after a while drove the harpoon into the gills, and we then made fast to one of its fins and towed it to the ship. Three or four sucker n-li accompanied it to the boat, and on cutting the sun-fish up, one was discovered in the gilk A parasitic copepod (Aryulu*) was found externally, as well as a polyclad. There was also a parasitic copepod on the gills and a barnacle on the lip. In the intestines numerous tape-worms were found and another leech-like parasite. There was in all probably about 10 Ibs. weight of tape-worms in the gut. Its weight by the lyimmometer was half a ton. Several others were seen twice as large. Brown saw a globe-fish with a small, fish attendant on it. ixdpa were seen frequently floating past. Specimens of Salpn still in tow-net. Jelly fish the same as secured in the Trirhodesmium band were observed floating past. Liver and heart of the sun-fish preserved as well as the skin. Jan. 3rd, 45 29' S. 56 03' W. At 6 A.M. Mr Bruce observed a whale and a bir.1 like a gull, but too distant to identify. The other birds seen were the same as yesterday. This afternoon whilst sounding, a bird like a Cape pigeon was observed )>\ Mr Hniee though it was darker and fatter; it was probably the same as that seen in distance this morning. Whales seen at 10 A.M. by the captain. Davidson caught a moth during tea-time, whilst setting the mizzen. Barnacles were found by Brown on a piece of seaweed.* Pink copepods (cf. Calamu) in 9 A.M. tow-net. 1 PhactOopkora omata. ' Orthofforitau mola. ' Probably (he fouthern kelp, Macroeyttit pyrifera. 6 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA Jan. 4th, 47 37' S. 57 25' W. Penguins 1 seen for the first time this afternoon. The captain saw a sooty albatros. 2 The prion with the white under surface has entirely replaced the one with only the breast and abdomen white : the colour on the dorsal surface of this bird is mainly in two shades, dark, almost black, at the tips of the wings verging into grey on the rest of the body with a white ring round neck and tail. Two finners were seen this morning. Long tentacles 8 from 60 to 100 feet were caught on the sounding wire at about 1000 fathoms depth. Wilson's petrels very plentiful. A large school of porpoises, black on the back and white on the belly, probably same species as those seen by Mr Bruce in 1892 4 in about the same latitude, and at Port Stanley, were seen playing under the bows of the ship at 8.45 P.M. (The skeleton of the porpoise caught in 1892 is to be seen in the museum of University College, Dundee.) Phosphorescence not so marked during the last two nights. Jan. 5th, 49 55' S. 57 44' W. Two albatroses and several white prions seen. The morning was rather misty and no birds were observed. Jan. 6th, Dropped anchor at Port Stanley, Falkland Islands at 8 a.m. Steamer ducks 5 and black-backed gulls 6 numerous in the harbour. A trap was put down this evening. Jan. 7th to Jan. 25th, Port Stanley. During our stay at Port Stanley several excursions were made by the various members of the staff and a small trap was set each day in the harbour and a big one let down in 6 fathoms in Port William, which we took up on our way out. Two species of mammal were seen ; a seal 7 and porpoises. Several specimens of birds were secured, viz., the rock or kelp goose (Chloephaga hybrida); the logger-headed duck or goose, also known as the steamer duck ; a heron-like bird called a king-quawk, 8 white breasted oyster catchers, 9 shags, 10 a jackass penguin, 11 the ringed dotterel, 12 a snipe 13 resembling the jack-snipe, two species of sand-pipers, 14 a linnet with a greenish plumage, a bird resembling a white throat 15 and a black oyster catcher, 16 whilst the black-backed gull (Larus dominicanus), the hawk known as the "Johnnie rook," 17 and a thrush 18 were seen. Mr Thomson kindly gave us a collection of eggs. Two fishes were bought from a fisherman and sent home ; several were also obtained in the traps. Of invertebrates quite a considerable number of specimens were obtained by means of the trap and inland excursions. Miss Blyth presented the expedition with some shells and Mr Coulson, Junr., of Cape Pembroke Lighthouse, gave us some birds and other animals picked up at the lighthouse. Jan. 26th. Left Port Stanley in the morning and picked up the big trap at Port William. In the trap were some fishes, several molluscs, including an octopus, some holothurians and other echinoderms. 1 Probably Spheniscus magdlanicus of the Falklands. 2 Probably Phoebetria cornicoides. 1 The tentacles of a Siphonophore. 4 During his cruise in the Dundee whaler Balaena. 5 Tachyeres cinereus. 6 Larus dominicanus. ' Arctocephalus (?) FalJdandicus. * Nycticorax obscurus (N. tayazu-guira). 9 Haematopus leucopus. 10 Phalacroeorax atriceps and P. albiventer. " Sphenincus maijdlanicus. " Endromias modesta. " Gattinago paraguayae. 14 Tringa fuscicdttis. " Muscisaxicola macloviana. " Haemafopus ater. 17 Milvago australis. " Turdus falklandicits. i. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. \\ .. I'.nt i.). PLATE V. I t ^lotii-h National \MUtitn 1- \prilitmi). i i I t 4 I j. \ if! *-' c .- J B Jj * W5 I 2*50 |~ C * ,5* I UK I A1.KI.AM> IM.AM lo I UK WKDDKLL SKA. 1V03 7 Jan. 27(/<. U .>.>' 8. 55 <><>' \V. S-\,-ral |M,riK.i-e> (Mark ami white) seen. A1U- tros,' Wilson'- jK-nvls an' \V. Wilson's pet ivl< and alLatroM-s were aeen. / ' -'.'" !<>' S. 49" 20' W. Albatros, sooty albatros, nmllieiimiik, 1 Wilson's ami Mm- petivN seen. A strong gale was blowing all day. Very little phosphorescence I" MlL'llt. ././//. :!(>///, 56 28' 8. 47 C ..-' \\ . -Albatroa, sooty albatros, 4 molliemauk, Wilson's and blue petrels seen ; also Cape pigeons : ' for the first time. Jan. Slst, 58 14' 8. 45 15' W. Same birds as yesterday. Pinners and bottle- ii"-.- plentiful. l."irj yellow licrueitou \\"im t.nin.l <>n -"im.hirj \\iiv. Fel>. l.< 59 32' 8. 43" 10' W. Sooty albatros and molliemauks (grey and -li Ma.k with no white) Mm- ami Wilson's petrels observed. Cape pigeons of which fiiur >peeiineii- were seen ml by means of a landing net during sounding, and a penguin* (jackass or antan-ti< ) were also seen to-day. Pinners were seen in great numbers. / /. '2nd, 60 28' 8. 43 40' W. Saw our first seal lying on a piece of ice alwut 100 yards distant from the edge of the pack. Many others were seen during the day and in the evening. 1'irie shot two, one of which, a male, was taken on hoard. Nearly all the seals are Loltodon carcinophaga. 1 One piece of ice was covered with red fseces probably caused by the seals feeding on Euphausia, which also forms part of Cape pigeons' diet. A few sea-leopards (Stenorhynchim leptonyx) were also seen, as well as several h'nners. As to birds, the same were observed as yesterday. Two Hocks of black-headed terns with grey backs awl white underneath were observed by Mr Bruce sitting on the ice. These and snowy petrels * and antarctic penguins I0 were noticed for the first time. A flock of the latter were sitting on an iceberg, and some were seen in the water. What was probably a sheathbill " on the wing was noted by the leader. Two Cape pigeons, a brace of snowy petrels and a Wilson's petrel were secured. The blue petrels seem to diminish in numbers the further one gets into the ice. The captain noticed a white sooty albatros. 11 Red schizopods (Kuphausia) were very plentiful between the ice floes. Two compound ascidians were also seen, probably the same as obtained in 1892." Some of the sailors reported a few small fishes. A great deal of ice which we passed was covered with a yellowish tinge about the water line doubtless caused by diatoms. / /. :!/-<\ in the ship's wake at diHeivnt times. / '.'.. 7tl<, (i - u \\.-A great host <>f nellies or giant petrels, Capo pigeon- ami -t..rm\ jH-tn-N feeding on can-as.- of dead whale at 5 A.M. Nellies white t. nrarlv Kla.-k. Snowy. Wil-on's ami hlue jN-tivU, Cape pigeons and a nelly were durini: tli' remainder of tin- day. Rather foggy all day, and very few l.irds \\ere 1MB \ small tisli resemMing a sardine, in a MTV mangled condition, ]iiluilily alnmt I? inches in length was found in tin- oesophagus of Ross's seal wliirli WOH captured yesterday. Lobodons (both light and dark) and Stenorkynobtu were met with to- day. A large ijnantity of Eitphaiisid was observed on the tongues of pack ice. Feb. 8th, 59 44' 8. 36 40' W. Birds were not seen to-day in such ijnantities as on previous day-, which may IK- acninted for liy the morning Keing rather dull, though in the aftenioon it cleared up; perhaps there was no food for tliem ainon^ the closer pack. Cape pigeons, Wilson's petrels. Muc prions and snowy jH-trels and paildi- - "i sheathhills wore the only birds observed. Finuers conspicuous. /.'"j>/iLi <>f S<.<>tti->h National \ntan tu ] xprilitimi. | fkalo k, r. .<. lint,. 17. Blue-eyed Shags (I'kalaenrvnu alrtftp,) on Kudrnoce Kocki. Siuth Orkney*. la Scott* Bay. &wtti Orkney*. 18. Geotoo Tin: \\i.iii'i:i.i. >i:\ tHH 11 Feb. \7it>. 4 18' 8. 23 09 ' W. No penguins to-day. Blue, snowy, and Wilson's petrels recorded to day. as \\ell as Cape pigeons, one of which was noticed by Mr Bruce as having it* secondaries and primaries almost entirely white. Tlndastoooa Antarctica, the antarctic jH-irrl, was seen for the first time to-day. Kinners seen in the afternoon, lint no seaN all day A ...[x'|>od and two radinlarians got in yesterday's tow-net. /''. I-'/-, 66" 0. - Id' \V. No penguins. Sooty albatros, a nelly, five antarctic |>ctreN. Mne, Wilson's and -now y jM-tivls recorded. Most prominent bird t" dav was Wilson's jn-trel. Tern was seen l>y Mr Bruce. Fel>. I'M. 68" 33' S. 24 31' W. Same terns seen as yesterday ; black head, back and side of the neck Mack. iipjH-r surface grey, under surface white. Cape pigeons, snowy, Mue, antarctic and Wilson's [M-ttvls seen to-day. No tinners or seals. Sooty albatros observed. A white throated |>riiiriiin was seen about 9.30 P.M., probably the ringed species. Ftb. -2(Hfi, 69 39' S. 22 s 58' W. Several flocks of snowy petrels seen at different times durinir the day. Blue, Wilson's and antarctic also recorded, as well as a stray * * nellv and sooty albatros. Birds, except snowy petrels, not so abundant to-day. Kinged penguins also seen, besides finners and seals, two Lobodons, and another, Stenorhynchuf. Feb. 2lst, 69" 46' S. 19 10' W. Birds, except penguins, more scarce to-day. About thirty penguins (Pygoacelix adelife) were seen during the day, and one emperor 1 was shot. It weighed 64 Ibs, and had a length 5l inches, with a girth of 36 inches; its body temperature was 100'2 F. In its stomach cephalopod beaks, fish and three small pebbles (gneiss) were found, and the stomach contents were strongly acid to litmus, those of the rectum slightly acid. Snowy petrels fairly abundant, as well as terns of which there seemed to l>e two sizes. No Wilson's or blue petrels or Cape pigeons were seen. An antarctic petrel and a nelly or a sooty albatros were recorded. Of whales, finners and bottle-noses have been observed, the former scarce. One Lobodon was seen lying on a piece of ice. Two dead fishes, 4 inches to 6 inches long, were seen lying on a piece of ice, probably disgorged by a petrel. Euphausia has not been seen amongst the pancake ice which is now forming. Feb. 22nd, 70 21' S. 17" 00' W. About two dozen snowy petrels and only one Wilson's recorded to-day. AMmdant adelia penguins and some emperors ; a specimen of the latter was captured. Many seals (Lobodon) mostly white in colour were observed lying on pieces of ice. The captain heard a tinner blowing about 6 P.M. Feb. 23rd, 69 57' 8. 16 53' W. A few snowy petrels, two antarctic petrels, and black-throated (adelia) penguins in considerable numbers. No finners. Three seals (Lobodon) on one piece of ice and a fourth on another piece make up the total numl-r of beasts seen to-day. Three black-throated penguins were captured this evening; their temperature was taken (by rectum), 102 F. These were adult birds, showing moulting feathers which were white at the base, brownish at the apex, and black at the tips. 1 Aptenodytu forfteri. 12 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA The new coat of feathers was of a steely-blue and bluey-black colour. These are heavier birds than the ringed or antarctic penguins. Feb. 24th; 69 52' S. 17 22' W. One antarctic and a few snowy petrels seen. Black-throated penguins abundant. About a dozen seals were observed during the day, including several Lobodon carcinophaga. Two black-throated penguins were captured this evening, one by Mr Bruce, the other by myself; the former showed moulting feathers only on the crown of its head ; the latter had none. Of four others two had their new coats, and two were in the same condition as yesterday's birds. Temperature of one penguin by rectum was 103'4 F. Feb 25th, 69 44' S. 18 02' W. Snowy petrels observed several times during the day, and only one antarctic petrel. Black-throated penguins were in abundance. Two grampuses and several seals were seen. Several penguins were caught. These penguins have not yet been observed leaping out of the water like porpoises, in the manner of the ringed species in the vicinity of the South Orkneys. Radiolarians and copepods plentiful in tow-net. Feb. 26th, 69 36' S. 20 20' W. Snowy petrels and black-throated penguins are the only birds that have been seen to-day. A " spout " of a whale was seen, but no other animals have been obperved. Feb. 27th, 69 32' S. 24 00' W. Birds far more numerous to-day. Flocks of snowy petrels were constantly flying about the ship, while several flocks of antarctic petrels were about in the evening, and a few Wilson's petrels were observed at noon. Black -throated penguins were also seen during the day sitting on pieces of ice. Several seals (Lobodon) were also recorded. The captain saw a grampus. Feb. 28th, 69 22' S. 26 36' W. To-day in addition to yesterday's birds we saw several terns, two Wilson's petrels and one nelly. Pirie shot two snowy petrels and one tern. Several seals (Lobodon carcinophaga) were observed, as well as a few grampuses. Found a small medusoid in a sample of water taken yesterday for analysis. The Hensen quantitative plankton net was lowered to a depth of 200 fathoms, and a polychaete worm, numerous copepods and radiolarians, besides examples of Sagitta were obtained in it. March 1st, 69 03' S. 28 2' W. Several hundreds of penguins (adelia) were seen during the day ; snowy petrels numerous, a few antarctic petrels and one or two Wilson's, as well as terns. Several seals (Lobodon) were recorded lying on pieces of ice. Grampuses also numerous. March 2nd, 68 40' S. 30 18' W. A good many snowy petrels, a few antarctic and Wilson's petrels and" terns. One antarctic petrel was shot by Walker. No penguins seen till this evening when one was observed, but I could not make out whether it was an emperor ; possibly a new species. I shot at it but failed to secure it. Sagitta and Globigerina buloides and copepods in the tow-net. March 3rd, 68 35' S. 31 56' W. Snowy petrels numerous; terns and antarctic petrels frequently seen. Pirie shot a seal, a very old male Lobodon ; it was fastened to SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. i\., Part i.). PLAT. VIII. / < I.. -u-.il Log <>l v > ttish National Antantu 19. ulni (PffHtMi JMIMM) fishing in Scotia Bay. South Orkney.. Tail up ! 20. Blue-eyed Stuff ( /'Aalarronmu- atn~pt) opposite Point Tboraton. [/u fc r. .. nu>. on Shag Rork. [l-kott, hf H-. S. Bntf. 21. MacDouftmll and Friendly Blue-eyed Shag. 22. Blue-ejred Sba*. Net. ud Ef g. I UK \VK1.DKI.I. s Kv 190S IS a lim- ami lowered down a* liait fur -..me three lmutia in tin- seal's stomach. The seal had a recent sear lietween the angle of the mouth anil the anjde of the lower jaw, alxuit -1 inche- l.ni^, which was Itcginnilig to heal up. I'mlerneath the -mr on the miter -urfaee f tin- teeth were decaved. ami all the teeth showed that the animal wa> old. The eoat wan entirely new. with the exception of two bands on either side of the middle line of the bdoOMB win-re the old \elln\\ish coat was seen. This new coat was of a paler grey than those other A../,,../,,/!.-.- we have previously raptured and seen, and the markings were not sodistim-t. The eyes appeared to be more prominent, and the ionhattd bvotdtt ami flatter. The toe-nails of all the Lobodons are complete, five on each flipper. \ siphonophore tentacle was caught on the sounding wire. March 4th, 68 22* 8. 32 35' W. Snowy petrels very numerous. Terns and antarctic petrels not so plentiful as yesterday. Saw two seals swimming and some grampuses. The two seals seemed to be Lobodon from the appearance of their heads. March 5th, 68" 11' S. 34" 17' W. Snowy petrels and terns in great numbers and a few antarctic petrels. A few grampuses were seen, one of them had its dorsal fin broken. The Monagasque trawl was lowered in 1280 fathoms. The dynomometer registered a maximum strain of 1^ tons. This was a purely experimental lowering not intended to reach the bottom. Three or four species of animals were secured includ- ing Sagitta, Doliolum, a medusoid and another coelenterate. Sea slightly phosphorescent at 9.45 P.M. March 6th, 67 39' S. 36 10' W. Snowy petrels, and a good many terns, one nelly and a few antarctic petrels. Captain saw a school of grampuses. Over 100 penguins were seen during the day ; some of them were black-throated, the others could not be made out. The trawl was lowered away with 1850 fathoms of wire rope, but owing to an accident it had to be hauled up again before reaching bottom (2500 fathoms). Maximum pressure 2 tons 8 cwts. Nevertheh-s- -ev.-ral animals wen- secured, two species of nemerteans, specimens of Sagitta, two pterpods, a Urge ostracod, besides some unknown species. March 7th, 67 33' S. 36" 35' W. Snowy petrels still numerous ; terns, one nelly and Mack-throated penguins make up the list of birds seen to-day. Lowered away trawl to 2500 fathoms bottom and dragged for three-ijuarters of an hour, securing one fish. 1 one gasteropod, three lamellibranchs, two fragments of small crustaceans, four or five species of holotlmrians, a flat sea-urchin, two spines of a sea-urchin, stalked crinoids, brittle stare, and two species of alcyonaria, a sponge ami many spieules, t Brvoei, p. DOT. 14 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA three species of bryozoa, worm tubes and several other animals including three species of foraminifers. March 8th, 67 22' S. 37 36' W. Snowy petrels and adelia penguins numerous ; a nelly, antarctic petrels ; also one seal. March 9th, 67 10' S. 39 00' W. Birds not so numerous to-day ; terns, snowy petrels, antarctic petrels and penguins. An emperor penguin was shot to-day by MacDougall. Several seals were seen lying in the water. March 10th, 66 40' S. 40 35' W. Two adelia penguins were caught this morning by the cooks and some others were seen in the evening. Snowy and antarctic petrels and terns were also seen. Shot a bird in the evening, like a Cape hen, only smaller, probably M'Cormick's skua. 1 Lowered away trawl this morning to 2425 fathoms ; paid out 3000 fathoms of wire rope. Secured a rich haul with very little mud. The contents of the haul include two species of sea-urchins, two species of ophiuroids, two species of holothurians, a cepholopod, a polychaete, Doliolum and two species of forams. March llth, 66 22' S. 42 20' W. Several antarctic and snowy petrels, about 20 skuas, probably of the same species as the one shot yesterday, besides a nelly, terns, Wilson's and blue petrels 2 and a few adelia penguins comprise the list of birds seen to-day. Wilson's and blue petrels we have not seen for some time. A seal was seen this morning. March 12th, 65 29' S. 44 06' W. Snowy petrels abundant and a few antarctic petrels were seen as well as a nelly. Captain saw bottle-noses twice. The " Scotia " closing net was lowered to 100 and 500 fathoms respectively ; a small catch. The " tak' a' net" was lowered, but unfortunately a kink occured on the wire and the net was lost. March 13th, 64 48' S. 44 26' W. A few snowy petrels and penguins are the only birds seen to-day. Could not make out the species of the penguins, but probably black-throated. Grampuses and seals observed. Davidson saw a sea-leopard and I saw a seal after sunset, probably a Lobodon. Lowered away trawl .to bottom in 2485 fathoms, blue mud ; paid out 3000 fathoms of wire. Time from 10.15 A.M. to 5.15 P.M. Secured a rich haul, including two species of medusoids, two species of siliceous sponges, one of them stalked, a stalked crinoid, ten specimens of ophiuroids quite intact, a crustacean probably a schizopod, a broken lamellibranch, probably a Pecten or allied to it, etc. Mr Bruce secured a polychaete on the wire from between the surface and 500 fathoms. Dentalium, Serpula and Nodosaria also figure in the catch. March 14th, 64 30' S. 43 45' W. Adelia penguins and snowy petrels are the only birds recorded to-day and very few of the latter. One Lobodon, a finner whose " blast " was seen and several seals complete the list of animals seen to-day. March 15th, 64 12' S. 42 15' W. Snowy petrels abundant; several adelia penguins, one antarctic petrel, four terns and two nellies were seen during the day. 1 One of the two specimens of Megalestris maccormicki obtained by the Expedition. 2 Ualobcena ccerulea in all probability. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE IX. ical Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. V 11. i -K Ilir (Hun kg r. 8. Bntt. a) on Point Martin. Orkney*. AFlgfat I 24. BUck-thnwted Penguins on GraptoliU It laud. South Orkney*. RunniiiK the UaunUet ! ir. . Kmprror Prngulo* (Ant^xiytm fanttri). Height rally 3 feet Weight about 70 to 80 Iba, TIIK \VKm iKI.I, SEA. 1903 1ft Mr Hrucc saw a seal in the forenoon. l, u t could nt .li-im-m-h the species. Fragment* .of siphonophoie u-ntaclc.s caught mi sounding wire. M,,,;-h \f,tti, 63' 51' S. 40 50' \\ \ great bird day; Cape pigeons, Wilson's petrels and -ihvr ]>etrels h.i\e )>.-. -n ->eeu to-day, all of which birds have not been recorded for a long time. Antarctic petrel* fairly common ; iidclia |>cnguins and snowy petrels abundant and some torus. (Jruinpuscs have been seen by the captain. lowered away Haul in 2550 fat limns; 3000 fathoms of rope out; did not, however, actually touch bottom, so only got a few beasts, including a fish (deep sea) and nu'du-oids (three siwies). * I / M'i ,<}, \7>/i. 63 08' S. 42 30' W. Another great bird day ; Cape pigeons, snowy, >d\er. Wilson's, giant and blue petrels seen during day. The blue petrel has not been >e. n for some considerable time. Mr Bruce saw some 20 or 30 penguins seated on a iceberg 40 or 50 feet high ; they must have jumped four to five feet out of the water to have got on to the berg. Terns were also seen Hying alx>ut. Saw a sea-leopard ( Xtcnorhynchus leptonyx) lying on a piece of ice. M.I,;-), isr/-. 62 10' S. 41 20' W. Same birds as yesterday with the exception of penguins. Lowered away trawl in 1775 fathoms with alxuit U300 to 2400 fathoms of rope ; contents included about 36 species. Two species of fish, two species of gasteropoda and two of lamellibranchs, two species of pycnogons, a Caprella and an amphipod, a few species of chaetopods, a species of barnacle, one or two species of bryozoa, seven or eight of asteroids, two of crinoids, two of echinoids represented only by spines, one holot hurian. a species of alcyonaria, two species of sponge and four of foraminifers. March 19th, 61 22' S. 42 05' W. Snowy and silver petrels abundant ; a flock of Wilson's petrels were observed by the captain sitting on the water. Cape pigeons and blue petrels fairly common, also terns. Saw some white-throated penguins, probably antarctic, sitting on a piece of ice. One finner and seals, a Lobodon and a Stenorhynchus, have also been seen. March 20th, 61 05' S. 43 20' W.^Snowy petrels and an albatroe (Diomedea exulans) were the only birds seen to-day. Misty and overcast all day. March 2lst, Leathwaite Strait, South Orkneys. Many Cape pigeons, silver and Wilson's petrels, several sooty albatroses and nellies, one skua, sheathbills, antarctic and snowy petrels, shags and ringed penguins. Several finners also recorded for to-day. March 22nd, Between Saddle Island and Cape Bennett, South Orkneys. Cape pigeons, nellies, sheathbills, skuas, antarctic, Wilson's, snowy and silver petrels and finners have been seen to-day. March 23rd, Leathwaite Strait, South Orkneys. In the morning whilst out at sea several snowy, silver, Wilson's and antarctic petrels seen. Whilst out in the boat looking for Spence Harbour, saw several shags, nellies, Cape hens, skuas, gulls, terns, sheathbills, ringed penguins and the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua). Specimens were secured of the last two named birds and a young black-backed gull. In the 16 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA evening whilst in Ellisen Harbour saw two Weddell seals, one of which was very tame and allowed us without concern to stroke him. Mr Bruce saw a ctenophore about three or four inches long in Spence Harbour, and a star-fish was seen. Grampuses and finners were also sighted. March 24th, Off the South Orkneys, 61 14' S. 44 C 50' W. Ringed penguins, snowy petrels, a sheathbill and Wilson's petrels were seen to-day, as well as several seals, too far off to distinguish the species. March 25th, Off Murray Islands, South Orkneys. Very few birds seen till we approached the land from which we had been blown some 30 miles during the night. Only one or two silver, one Wilson's and a brace of snowy petrels were noticed when far away from land. Hundreds of shags, penguins, both antarctic and gentoo, black- backed gulls, nellies, skuas and terns were met with when we were out in the boat near land. Mr Bruce saw a sea-leopard before breakfast, and a Weddell seal was observed at 10 o'clock. A specimen of the latter, a female, was secured later on, shot in Buchan Bay. A compound ascidian was obtained after we had lowered the boat, and Brown got a Patella and some amphipods from a rock in Buchan Bay, and saw a star-fish and a Doliolum. Bryozoa were got in the Lucas sounding gripper, whilst sounding in 40 and 18 fathoms, and also a sponge in 40 fathoms. Pirie shot an adult black-backed gull. Anchored at night in Scotia Bay. March 26th, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys, 1 60 43' S. 44 38' W. Pirie caught a nelly asleep on the ice ; MacDougall shot a skua and a sheathbill. The temperature of the latter was 107 '3 F. Flocks of shags, several snowy petrels and skuas, sheathbills and penguins, gentoo and antarctic, were seen. Pirie and Ross saw several Weddell seals of different sizes, some large and some small. In the trap were two large isopods, 2 two small pycnogons and a large pycnogon of a bright orange colour with ten legs, 8 three gasteropods and a number of amphipods 4 resembling Onesimus, besides two or three other species. The trap was lowered to about 12 fathoms. Mr Bruce secured along the shore many amphipods and limpets, besides two acarinids and some collembolids ; one of the acarinids was new, the rest of them the same as were obtained on Saddle Island. Whilst on shore we collected some whales ribs and two vertebrae. March 27th. Mr Bruce saw some snowy petrels about 500 feet up the cliffs. The usual South Orkney birds were seen during the day. The Bay being free of ice the trap was hauled up and we secured two large fish like a Notothenia, 6 a bryozoon, a polychaete, several gasteropods and a great number of amphipods. March 2Sth Hauled up net this morning and secured several very interesting specimens. Fishes like Notothenia, two compound ascidians, many pycnogons, some isopods, a whole host of amphipods, young as well as adult, numerous gasteropods, one species of lamellibranch and star-fishes. A small fish like a haddock was found 1 The Scotia remained here in winter quarters until liberated on Nov. 24th. ! Glyptonotus acutus. ' Decalopoda australis. The small pycnogons were Chaetonymphon orcadense and Nymphon orcadense, both new species. * Probably Orchomenopsis rossi. 5 Notothenia coriiceps. SOOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE X. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. 6, W. B. M. WeddeU Seal (LtpUmgtkoUt wtJMIf) off CoaU Land. \l'ktu tf W. A WeddeU Sealf on Mowman IVnlnsuU. Scotia Bay. Kinncr Whale (Bfl*opUrm ip. n. 31. Two Flnoer Whale*. WINTKIl gr\Kli:i:- -' "II \ \:\\ I'JOS IT in-idi- MIII> nl' tin- othrr ti-lirs stomachs. Tin- rook- cm-lit a larr .stout ncinrrtcaii 1 on a liin- : after tin- worm had 1 n Imni^lit up it ejected tin- in. li IOMM l,,,ii ami lunik Skua-, paddies, gentoo mid antarctic penguin-, -im\\ v petivl- and 'julU WON HCCII dm tin- day. M'in-1, -1'Mli. (ientoo and antarctic penguin-, nellies and a gull have l m ivrorded to da\ . W'ti-,-1, xutli tn,'l :\\.*t. Gentoo and antarctic penguins, nellie-. -lieatliliilln and skua- ha\c I.e.-n seen during tlu-r t\\o day-. lic-ide- several Wcddell seals. Afril \st. I'addies around tin- -lii|i eating refuse. .//./// _'/,/. Ccntoo and antarctio penguin-, nellie-. -licatlihillH, Hkuax, three nhagH and oiu- gull (yoiiii.Lr ///".* ilimiiiiiriinn.i) WITO seen to-day. Since the harlM>ur IIIIH lieen coverel witli !<. \T\ \\-\\- -ha^s liavc liri-ii olisrrvfd. A \Vi-ddoll seal was flull)eni.' ol'tlir men. and an rinhryo was securcil from it. Sun.' lish and a star-h'sh were cauglit mi tin- linr l>y tin- cook-. 1'irir -Imt two nrllirs nrar tin- rarcase of a seal. .lj>ril 3rd. Several Iwtrln-- ) | n-uin-. alnmt 50 to 200 in eadi ImN-li, were seen going north, and th.-n roiuing lm-k again. They man li in single file, and when chased tlu-y move quite as .jiiirk a.s a man, and go up very stwp places. They have been seen in places about 400 feet above sea level. .l/n'lf 4f/i. Slicatlihill-i, skuas, nellies, young and old gulls (Istrnx dominicnnua), and both species of penguins have IKJCIJ recorded to-day. The sheathbills are always about the ship picking up refuse, and are quite tame ; on shore also they are always about the tent. Several seals have been seen. .lj>ril 5th. Sheathbills, nellies, skuas, gulls and a few gentoo penguins comprise the list of birds seen to-day. In the afternoon there was not a single penguin to be seen oil the north side of Scotia Bay. Saw onr Wrddell seal asleep on the ice. April 6th. The same birds as yesterday. The gulls both young and old were in greater force than yesterday. Heard several penguins last night. April 7 '//.Sheathbills, snowy petrels, shags, skuas, nellies, gulls, adult and young, and a few gentoo penguins were seen to-day. Specimens of a shag and two snowy petrels were secured. In the afternoon lownvd the small dredge* (about 11 to 12 fathoms bottom) in an open lane and -ccurcd -rvrnil -prcimens. Apnl Sth. The same birds seen as yesterday. A considerable number of penguins were observed going along the foot of the eastern glacier. A ringed penguin was seen by Mossman among a Hock of gentoos. Two skuas and a nelly were shot to-day. Weddell seals were seen both yesterday and to-day ; one came up several times in an open lane whilst we were dredging. Lowered middle-sized dredge to-day in same place as yesterday ; the depth there is 9j fathoms, increasing to 10^ fathoms towards the ship. .lj-il nth. Early in the morning Pirie and I went over to Uruguay Cove. ' This animal, a ipecies of Euborlatia, was very common, and ia frequently referred to throughout the winter as the " large nemertean." 1 This dredge WM the one used throughout the winter. The dimensions of ito mouth were 6' by 2} feet* C 18 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA We shot a skua, and we saw several others, as well as gulls, snowy petrels, nellies, sheathbills, Cape pigeons and an immense flock of shags flying northwards in more or less V-shaped groups. After breakfast we went along the south-west shore to a big gentoo rookery at Point Martin, where we saw a few ringed penguins and three black- throated ones among them, two of which latter were secured. Mr Bruce brought a young adelia (throat quite white) and two geutoos from the west shore. Sheathbills still continue tame and hop about, sometimes on one leg, picking up refuse. Had middle- sized dredge 1 out this morning in the same place. Our catch for the three days includes two species of fish, a large soft spiny tunicate, several specimens of lamellibranchs, a few gasteropods, including one large limpet, brachiopods, pycnogons, three or four species of crustaceans, large nemerteans, several specimens of " worms," about four or five species of star-fish, several sea-urchins, about three species of holothurians and several species of sponges. Cuthbertson painted a small fish, a polychaete, a star-fish, a holothurian, a sponge and the eye and feet of a young adelia. April Wth. Had a dredge down again in the same place and secured several species of molluscs, pycnogons, isopods, and some amphipods, besides a polychaete and three or four other species of " worms," some large nemerteans, star-fishes and several sponges. The same kind of birds were observed as yesterday, with the exception of Cape pigeons. Shags were seen in flight to-day over the open water in Jessie Bay. A nelly was shot and a male Weddell seal was secured this morning ; the contents of its stomach consisted of fish, fish bones and otocysts, and molluscs. Ribbon worms were also found in its stomach. After lunch visited a batch of seals (eleven in number, all Weddells) which were lying on the ice a few hundred yards from the ship. They allowed us to get quite close, and would not budge until we forced them to do so by striking them hard with a stick, when they would wriggle away until out of breath, then turn on their backs, raise their heads and look at us sleepily. Their mode of progression on ice is by hunching their backs, then stretching as far forward as possible, and bringing their hind flippers up to repeat the movement. April \\th. A trap lowered yesterday afternoon down a seal hole some distance away from the ship was hauled up twice to-day ; nothing but fish secured in it. The dredge to-day brought up star-fishes, the usual molluscs, worms and crustaceans. Not so many birds to-day, probably on account of the weather which was misty and mild. April 12th. A new species of isopod, 2 two small fish, brittle stars, sea-urchins and numerous large nemerteans were got in the dredge to-day. Yesterday and to-day were rather misty days, and only penguins, paddies, skuas, snowy petrels and Cape pigeons were seen. From the trap some ten fishes, some star-fishes and two isopods were collected. A skua was shot yesterday and another one to-day. April lith. Only one fish and a pycnogon were obtained in the trap. From the 1 The dredge was hauled in the same place twice each day until October, and though on identically the same ground continued to bring up not only an abundance of specimens, but, from time to time, new species. ' Olyptonotus acutus. WINTKH (,H AHTKR8. BOOT 1 A I'.VY. 1903 19 an interesting sj>ecimen of a compound asci< linn, which WM obviously torn up a fixed base, WM secured besides a fish, a new isojxid i-amo aa yesterdav pro Imlily tin- young form of tin- 1>L' isopod whirh we have, already secured), pycnogons, laincllibranchs and gastcropods, etc. Snowy petrels, young and adult gulls, sheath bills, nellies ami sunn- penguins make up tin- list of liinls seen today. Came aofOM aluit thirty adelias on tin- HIM-. and secured two -\-t -miens, one an ndult with Mark throat complete, tin- other jn-t beginning to show signs of a black throat. Tin: temperature of tin- adult was 105 0< 5, of the other 104 0> 6 F. .Ifi-if I ."i//i. Tlie dredge to-day brought up a small fish, two .sjiecimens of tunicate*, lini|>cts ami anotlii-r gasteropxl. pyniogons, a big iso|>ohot to-day, the former two for skeletons. Paddies. >nowv I>etieU. ( 'ajx- pigeon-, nellies, skuas and |M*ngiiins were seen to-day, besides hundreds of hag. ami young and old gulls. The ringed penguins have been verv scarce *\\\- our first week here, and only solitary ones among u bateh of gentoos are now met with. Aju-H !'//(. From the dredge the following animals were secured: fish, tunicate*, molluscs, pyi-iiogons. amphi]x>ds, "worms." starfish, ophiuroids, and last, but not least, a new sea-anemone. Fishes (the biggest measured 16 ins., and weighed 1 Ib. 10 ozs.), isopi>ds and star-fishes were got in the trap. A line was baited and shot in open sea to the south, off Point .Martin, and three fishes' (Notothenin) and three star- fishes were caught : it was only down for a short time or the catch would have been larger. In the afternoon Pirie and Brown dredged and fished Uruguay Cove, but without success, and the dredge only brought up mud. The usual birds seen to-day. Mr Bruce also saw some young skuas which wore mottled. Afi-il \Tth. A new nudihrancli was caught in tho dredge, besides the other usual animals. Only a star fish was secured in the small trap, which was changed to the west side of the bay. The big trap was also lowered this afternoon in a hole about 200 yards south-west of the ship in 15 fathoms. Several seals have been seen for the past three days. Usual birds seen, and two Cape pigeons secured. April l&th. Dredge contained a small fish, tunicates, limpets and other gastero- pods including a shell resembling MI/y far the commoneat one in Scotia Bay, and WM caught almost daily. ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA hauled up this morning, with fishes like Notothenia on it. The big trap contained two pin-cushion star-fishes, two pycnogons, a few isopods and some gasteropods. Birds and seals plentiful ;, of the former, nellies, one a white one, snowy petrels, Cape pigeons, sheathbills, black-backed gulls, young and adult, skuas and numerous shags. Mr Bruce saw a white bird like a black-backed gull, possibly an albino gull. Several birds were shot. April 20th. Very poor dredge to-day, consisting of a tunicate, a few pycnogons, cushion-stars, a sea-urchin, holothurians and bits of sponges. The big trap yielded five fish, pycnogons, amphipods galore, more than twelve gasteropods and cushion-stars. The small trap near the shore in 2 fathoms brought up only one star-fish. A line was shot this morning, and taken up at 4 P.M. with six fish ; it was set again. A big seal, evidently disturbed in feasting, came up when the line was being hauled in. The same birds as yesterday. We got about six nellies for skeleton purposes. Many ringed penguins were observed at the waters edge. April 21 st. From the dredge two beautiful pycnogons 1 were secured in the act of copulation ; a careful drawing and painting was made ; also a new fish, and the usual other animals. From the large trap some fish were secured, as well as isopods, amphipods, gasteropods and cushion -stars. The line and small trap yielded only two fish and some s,tar-fish ; sheathbills, snowy petrels, shags, skuas and nellies quite plentiful. A flock of Cape pigeons was observed flying north. Penguins very scarce. April 22nd. In the dredge were a tunicate, pycnogons, isopods, a polychaete, the usual molluscs, bryozoa, cushion- and star-fishes, and sponges, but no fish. Large trap contained gasteropods, amphipods, isopods, " worms," cushion- and star-fishes. Only one fish was on the line, and the small trap contained no beasts. A drove of penguins was seen on Point Davis glacier. Gulls, skuas, snowy petrels, paddies and nellies also observed. April 23rd. To-day's catch the same as yesterday's, very poor indeed. The same applies to the large trap, the position of which was changed to-day. Same kind of birds observed to-day as yesterday. Seals were also seen. April 24th. The dredge was not hauled nor the traps examined to-day. Only two gulls were seen. April 25th. The catch in the dredge was very poor to-day ; only some pycnogons and star-fishes. The trap was lowered yesterday in 25 fathoms, stony bottom, and, on examination to-day, six large fish (of Notothenia type), a large quantity of amphipods and six gasteropods were found. Birds very scarce ; sheathbills and some nellies seen. April 26th. Shags seen by Mr Bruce ; a few seals observed. April 27th. The dredge contained one small fish, some small gasteropods, small pycnogons, and one large pycnogon of a dark crimson colour, with black head and claws, some isopods, several amphipods, a new planariari worm, several chaetopods, and other " worms," the usual echinoderms, excepting crinoids, and sponges. The trap contained three fish (Notothenia), another small one, a big gasteropod, amphipods galore, 1 Decalopoda australis. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. IV M Part i.). I', m \I Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. [Pluto hi W. a. Bnut. tt. A Shallow Water Antarctic Isopod (Qlyptonottu autnrrtinu), taken In Scotia B%y. 10 to 20 fathoms. ( J natural siw.) (VMi If 33. A New Species of Deep Water Antarctic Isopod (Nrro/it mtriiliotuitu), taken near Coats Land in 1410 fathoms. Ut 71 22' S.. long. 16 34' W. (It natural site.) M. A Long-lost Teo-iecged Sea Spider (lHaalopoJa ({ natural stee.) H r. c. />. ledltcurtred by the "Scoda" NaturalUU. WINTER QUARTERS. SCOTIA BAY. 1903 21 anil a nr\v s|>ecie- .it " rii-li u in -tar. colour salmon, adorned \\iili i-niii.son patches. There were -IL'II- ui' -eal- having IteiiiL' near tin- trap. Several -mm y petrels, sheathl>ill-, gulls. \ mini: ami ailiilt, and a nelly seen to-' lav. I'ciiijuins have nut IP.'. MI seen for a dav nr tvvu. S 11 a-rain tu day. .l/'i-tf -Js//,. Tin- tir-t time tin 1 dredge was hauled up it, had only one large iienicitcaii in it : tin- second time it contained five pycnogons, a small isopod and a cti-hioii -tar. Tin- trap untained nil. Two skuas, snowy petrels,, shcathhill.s and -. \. i.il hundred p. Humus, mostly geutoos, \\viv ..- i \,-d ; also some seals. Pirie made tlic follow int: n-marks about the ]>eii<;uins mode of progression. When marching over hard surface they maintain an upright position, marching in column of route, but when- < v. i they come to soft snow they assume the prone position, and propel themselves by means of their hind legs ; ascending a slope or being chased on the level or elsewhere they liriii-; their Hippers into play, using them either alternately or synchronously; when descending from any height they toboggan. .l/>n'l -2'.>tli. The contents of the dredge were some chitons, a few pycnogons, and amphipods, one isopod, a few polychaetes, some sea-urchins and star-fishes. The trap contained one fish (Xotothenia), some buckies and amphipods. Very poor catch, but a little better than yesterday. A few penguins, snowy petrels and the usual paddies were seen. Where the trap is lowered, a seal comes every morning to have a look at its being hauled up ; he saves himself the work of making a hole of his own by utilising this one. . l/>n7 30th. The dredge contained some small molluscs, some pycnogons, isopods and auiphipods, various " worms," two holothurians, star-fishes, sea-urchins and feather-stars, bryozoa and sponges. None of the species were new except one " worm." In the trap were one large fish, star-fish, some gasteropods, amphipods and pycuogons. Vi-rv lew liirdx to-day, only some penguins, snowy petrels and paddies. M'lif \nt. The dredge contained chitons and small gasteropods, isopods and pycnogons, polychaetes and several other " worms," worm tubes, one sea-urchin, -v.-nil star-fishes, one holothurian and a sponge. The trap (21 fathoms) contained two small isopods, amphipods galore and one red pycnogon, besides two cushion-stars. A dozen gentoo penguins, the ubiquitous paddies and some snowy petrels were seen to-day. May '2nd. In the dredge were the usual molluscs and crustaceans, " worms " and worm-tubes, several sea-urchins, star-fishes, brittle-stars and holothurians. In the trap seven fishes and two star-fishes. Birds are scarce ; even the paddies are repre- sented by few individuals ; snowy petrels and one gull were also seen. May 4th. The contents of the dredge were the usual molluscs, crustaceans, worms." -tai tishes, holothurians and sponges. In the trap were twenty fish, weighing 3 1 Ibs. 1 oz. ; the biggest one, a female, weighed 4 Ibs. 6 ozs. ; there were also two star- fishes. The first haul of the dredge for the last week or so has been very poor and sometimes nil, the second haul Leing the more prodin-tive. The trap contained a 22 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA record catch to-day. About a dozen paddies, two or three snowy petrels, two nellies and four black-backed gulls were seen to-day. May 5th. The dredge contained the usual molluscs, crustaceans, " worms," star- fishes, several holothuriaus and several sponges. The trap contained seven fish, five female and two male, total weight 7 Ibs. 10 ozs., the usual amphipods and several star-fishes. The fish contained a nematode and other " ova-like " parasitic forms, which have beep preserved. A considerable number of snowy petrels were seen on ridge of Mossman Peninsula between Scotia Bay and Wilton Bay at about 490 feet. One black-backed gull and one nelly besides several paddies were also observed. May 6th. Two hauls of the dredge were taken as usual but the catch was small, except for some four or five holothurians, pycnogons, limpets, a few species of sponge, five star-fish, a polychaete, a large nemertean and a tunicate. The trap contained nothing but amphipods. The number of species of birds is rapidly diminishing, only paddies and snowy petrels being seen to-day. One paddy came on board of its own accord and found its way into the 'tween deck laboratory in search of food, but other- wise these birds seem hardly so tame as they were at first ; probably they have been frightened by the dogs chasing them. May 7th. Quite a number of frozen-over seal holes were seen in Jessie Bay. A specimen of the same holothurian as was obtained on the 10th April was caught in the dredge, also two specimens of the large scarlet pycnogon 1 (caught on April 27th and figured on the 21st). The two specimens were in the act of copulation as before, and, when separated in the laboratory on two occasions, again tried to copulate. The one (as in the specimen of April 27th) was slightly darker than the other, and it was probably the female, but this was not positively observed. In addition, smaller pycnogons, amphipods, cushion-stars, a sea-urchin, another holothurian, several polychaetes and a small lamellibranch were also contained in the catch. Nothing was caught in the trap to-day. The birds seen were paddies and snowy petrels, two shags flying north, a nelly over Jessie Bay, and three gulls in the same place, while during the afternoon a solitary gentoo penguin came up from the south, crossed The Beach and moved towards Saddle Island over Jessie Bay. Two paddies are now^on board, one came of its own accord, the other was found by Mr Bruce on the ice partly frozen. Both have become quite tame. A paddy was also observed bathing in the water at the edge of Uruguay Cove to-day. An experiment was begun yesterday with a view of finding out the power of animals to resist freezing. Two living cushion-stars and a sea-urchin were frozen in salt water in a basin on deck for 24 hours and then thawed out gradually, but all were dead. The thawing was however not very satisfactory and was possibly too fast ; further experiments are being made. May 8th. Both hauls of the dredge were poor, and the catch consisted of cushion- stars, star-fish, pycnogons, a holothurian, some large nemerteans, bryozoa and small 1 Decalopoda australis. W1NTKH gr.MMKKs S( . > I I V |i.\V. iaO$ crustaceans. Tin- trap had seven ti-li ; t\\.. lij-r females wrijjliiui; '! H>-. 1" 3 \\t. 7 ozs. reaped i\ el \ . aii.l hill uf almost mature ova. and live small male*. Total weight of tic WTBO ti-li was l-J ll. 8 ozs., average I Hi. 12J ozs. Tin- ciisl,j.>i ii fur twelve limn-- and thawed ou1 was again dead; AS in yesterdax '- s| K ., -mien- tin- tiil>c feet urn- tiillv e\|mnded. and tin- tip of one arm was turned lm-k. Sim\\\ p.'tivk paddies, and a Mack-hacked gull were seen alnmt tlie ship ami The Ileach, while in .lessie Bay two Cape pigeons and a nelly were seen. Snowy jM'trels were parti, ularly almmlant at one cliff, and there wore probably about 100 there with t\\<> Ca|M- pigeons among them. The "galley" paddy again came aboard as well as another mie. Along Pirie Peninsula. Pirie and I saw two Weddell seals lying mi the ire. They were lean good-natured and easy-going than the average Weddell. and resented .mi playing with them. Weddell seals were also seen in Scotia Bay by Mr Uru \>t/,. The dredge contained a small siher and orange-coloured Mi. tunieates, . < ushion-stare and other star-fish, pycnogons, including a big scarlet one, a large polychaete and the usual bryozoa, etc. The trap contained eight fish, weight 8 Ibs ; the biggest weighed 1 Ib. 11 ozs., measured 14'8 ins. in length, and was a female. Of the remaining seven two were males, four females and one, which was frozen alive, was not determined. There was also one buckie in the trap these, which were at first so commonly caught in the trap, are now becoming extremely rare. In addition to the paddies and snowy petrels, a black-backed gull was seen by Ramsay. The " galley " paddy again came on board. The fish put out to freeze yesterday is only partly frozen as the temperature was not low enough to complete the process, but it was dead. Another was put out to freeze to-day, but the temperature was too high. May Wth. The dredge was not lowered nor the trap examined to-day. Paddies and .snowy j>etrels were seen by Mr Bruce. I saw a bird which was either a black- backed gull or a nelly ; it was too dark to distinguish which. May \\tli. On account of the .south-east gale with driving snow, no dredge was taken or trap examined. Paddies were the only birds seen. May 12th. No dredge was taken. The trap was raised in the afternoon and contained 48 fish of total weight 66 Ibs. The smallest was 9 ozs., and the three largest 3 Ibs. 4 ozs., 2 Ibs. 14 ozs., and 2 Ibs. G ozs., and measured respectively 17 ins., 1U ins., and 16 ins. Of the remaining 45, the males numbered 15, the females 29, and one, which seemed to be at least a distinct variety, was not determined. On the whole it was impossible to distinguish any definite external characters peculiar to either sex. The only birds seen were paddies and some snowy petrels. The fo'c'sle paddy now lives quite contentedly in the fo'c'sle all day, often perched on a projecting board under the skylight. May 13th. Two hauls of the dredge was taken and contained only two small pycnogons, a Urge nemerteau, a star-fish, a sea-urchin and a tunicate. Paddies and 24 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA snowy petrels were the only birds observed, although a party of men went round Russ Point where Cape pigeons, nellies and gulls were seen last week. May lith. No dredge or trap. Paddies and snowies abundant, the latter numerous on the north beach. Davidson reported a penguin on the ice in Jessie Bay. The paddy is now aboard daily, and usually spends all day long in the fo'c'sle or in the galley. May 1 5th. Two hauls of the dredge were taken and contained pycnogons, asteroids, a large holothurian, a large isopod, a large nemertean and sponges. The trap had caught six fish, weighing in all 7 Ibs. 9 ozs., three males and three females. The largest was a female weighing 2 Ibs. 4 ozs., and measuring 16 ins. in length. Paddies were as usual abundant round the ship and beach, and snowy petrels particularly numerous at the cliffs round at the open water in Uruguay Cove and other parts of Jessie Bay ; thirteen were shot. A nelly and a black-backed gull were also seen. The two Weddell seals which were seen last Friday in Jessie Bay were in the same place to-day over against Pirie Peninsula. Another seal blow-hole was also seen. May 16th. The dredge was very unproductive ; only small pycnogons and a large nemertean. The trap contained one fish, a male weighing lib. 6 ozs. The old bait was taken out and fresh penguins bodies put in. From the old bait was obtained a rock -jar full of amphipods. The birds seen were paddies and snowy petrels, the latter in great numbers on different cliffs of Mackenzie, Mossman, and Pirie Peninsulas ; no penguins. May 17 th. Paddies and snowy petrels were seen. May 18^. Twenty fish were caught in the trap. Total weight 23f Ibs., weight of largest 2 Ibs. 5 ozs., length 15f ins., female ; smallest 5 ozs., length 9^ ins., sex un- determined; 12 males, 5 females. Those of undetermined sex were preserved. One star-fish in the trap. The dredge was one of the best for some time, numerous molluscs being caught amongst the weed including one new form resembling Pecten and another like a Lima in a nest of weed ; also a complete dead shell of a form very like Mya. Small crustaceans were very numerous and nearly a dozen of the smaller . species of isopods ; abundant small pycnogons, some with ova attached ; three holothurians, all different species ; two species of star-fish (one of each) ; one sea-urchin and one ophiuroid ; a few polychaetes and large nemerteans and some fragments of a yellow sponge. Paddies fairly abundant around the ship, and snowy petrels seen flying about the cliffs of Moss- man Peninsula. May 19th. In the trap were eight fish ; largest, female, weight 2 Ibs. 8 ozs., length 16 ins. ; smallest, weight 8 ozs., 10 ins. long. Total about 5 Ibs. 5 ozs., two males, three females, three undetermined, the latter preserved. Small catch in dredge and nothing new or of great interest. Several gulls were seen flying around the ship and over Jessie Bay ; a black-throated penguin was caught near the ship ; it had come south from the open water to the north. A nelly was also seen in Jessie Bay ; paddies and snowies as before. Mr Bruce saw a shag flying northward. A male SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., I'art i.). PLATE XII. Zoological Log of N.'tti-h Nation. il Aiiiantu SS. Toe Crimson Cushion Str (Oilnntailrr ralitlttt). A (hallow water form, of which immense quantities were taken In Scotia Bay in 10 to 80 fmthoni*. (I J natural slie.) if r. a D*. M. A Shallow Water Starfish (IttpUuttnat tmrytuti), of which considerable numbers were taken in Scotia By in 10 fathoms. (J natural sisc.) WINTKK i t >r\i:!KK8, SCOTIA HVY, ll'O.l 28 Weddell seal was killed in .Fessie Bay and skinned. In ita stomach were numerous ce|alo|x>d beak* ami also ncmatodc worms. May _'!>//'. In Jin- trap were thirteen lish. gross weight 13 Ibs. 10 ozs.; seven male* ami -i.\ females;- larneM. a female. 1 lb. 15|ozs., 15 ins. long; smallest, a male, 5 OZ8.. length Ki ins. One of the larger speeies of isopods was also got. In dredge -piny tunicate, one large pycnogon of a dark red colour, and black toward* the tips of legs, one large isopod, two holotluirians, a star-fish of the salmon-colour .sjH-cies with a liunrlliliranrli within its grasp, apparently being devoured, also small crustaceans, molluscs and eggs, apparently of some mollusc, attached to a piece of sea-weed. 1'addie-. an. I SHOWN [X-trt'ls, and MOM goDi IWM Ml '" da\ . May 'J'J/c/. No dredging. The trap to-day yielded 31 fish and three isopods. The heaviest fish weighed 3 Ibs. 2 ozs., length 16 J ins., the smallest, a male, weighed 9 ozs., length loA ins. The sexes of the fish were eighteen males, eleven females and two undetermined, which latter were preserved. Paddies, snowy petrels and a nelly were seen. May 23rd. No dredging. Paddies, snowy petrels, a nelly and some gulls were seen. MI i if I'.V//. Thr dredge to-day yielded a fair catch; a chiton, lamellibranchs, a gasteropod, several pycnogons, one polychaete and two worm tubes, several star-fishes and cushion-stars, some sertularians and bryozoa and shells on sea- weed. The catch in the trap included thirty-nine fish, one cushion-star and a buckie. The last named animal has not been seen for some time. The fish weighed altogether 48 Ibs. 10 ozs. The largest, a female, weighed 2 Ibs. 6 ozs., length 16^ ins. ; Mr Bruce made a skeleton of it, as well as of the heads of the next three largest. The next largest was a female, weight 2 Ibs. 4 ozs., length 15J ins.; the third, a female, weighed 2 Ibs. 4 ozs., length 16J ins. ; the fourth, a female, weight the same, length 15 ins. (the ova of these last two were in a ripe condition and were bottled) ; the fifth, a male, weighed 2 Ibs. 4 ozs., length 15J ins. (the milt of this specimen was also bottled as it was in a very ripe condition) ; the smallest one, a male, weighed 8 ozs., and measured 10^ ins. in length. Altogether there were 27 females and \- males. These fish have generally distinct yellow spots on them (like soles) and often present various colours. Paddies, snowy petrels and a nelly have been seen both yesterday and to-day. May 26th. A very poor catch, both in trap and in dredge. The dredge contained a few pycnogons, one limpet and some weed with sertularians, bryozoa and a few shells on it. In the trap was a solitary isopod. Snowy petrels and paddies were seen. May "27th. Better haul in the dredge to-day, including a nudibranch, three isopods, some pycnogons, two species of star-fish, a holothurian, two species of sponges and sea- weed, with the usual bryozoa, sertularians and shells on it. The trap contained one small fish, a female, and one cushion-star. Put a nelly into the trap for bait, and hope for a better catch next time. Snowy petrels and sheathbills seen. 3/inry 2Sth. The dredge contained pycnogons, a polychaete, two star-fishes, some 26 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA sea-weed and stones with bryozoa, sertularians, and limpets on them. One stone had a worm tube on it. Nothing in the trap. Copepods were got in a tow-net, through which water was pumped at the dredge-hole. Snowy petrels and sheathbills seen. May 29th. Nothing fresh in the dredge except a fish of Notothenia type ; the other animals the same as yesterday. We pumped water through a tow-net to obtain a plankton sample, and caught some copepods. Paddies, snowy petrels and gulls were seen. Mr Bruce saw an immense flock of birds flying over Jessie Bay, which were evidently shags from their colour and size. A Weddell seal was secured near Ailsa Craig for skeleton purposes. May 30th. The dredge contained a small octopus, a few pycnogons, three isopods, a polychaete, a sponge, and some sea-weed with the usual epizoa. The trap yielded two fish and a cushion-star. Saw paddies, snowy petrels, shags and gulls. May 31st. A large transparent crustacean (Euphausia) was seen by Mr Bruce in the dredge-hole. At 3 P.M. an antarctic petrel was seen flying round the ship. Shags, snowy petrels and paddies. June 1st. The dredge contained a fish, two or three gasteropods, some pycnogons, including a ten-legged one, a polychaete, three star-fishes, a cushion-star, a holothurian, two sponges, and the usual bryozoa, sertularians and molluscs on sea-weed. Yesterday paddies, snowy petrels and gulls were seen, as well as to-day. June 2nd. To-day's dredge was not so rich ; a small fish, a few pycnogons, one sun-star, bryozoa, sertularians, etc. Many black-backed gulls, a nelly, several paddies and snowy petrels were seen. The gulls were particularly noticeable in emitting their typical cry whilst soaring high. In digging through ice on the beach to a depth of four to five feet at the south-east corner of Omond House, part of a shell, a black-throated penguin's skull, a snowy petrel's wing and some weed were found at the bottom of the ice. Limpet shells were also found amongst stones on the talus of Mossman Peninsula. June 3rd. -The contents of the dredge were richer than yesterday, including limpets, lamellibranchs, two species of isopods, some pycnogons, three star-fishes, two sun-stars and the usual epizoa on sea-weed. A Euphausia was also caught in the dredge-hole. Three star-fishes were found on a seal's skeleton which was let down through a hole in the ice on the starboard side of the ship. The trap contained two fish, one of which was a new species, the other of the usual Notothenia type, and three sun-stars. Snowy petrels and sheathbills were seen. June ith. The dredge to-day was a fair one ; some pycnogons, two polychaetes, a star-fish, two sun-stars and the usual epizoa on sea-weed and stones. A small trap in the dredge-hole contained two fish and a gasteropod. The trap yielded nine fish. The crew cut a new hole further out in 27 fathoms of water, where the trap was set to-day. Mr Bruce caught three chains of Doliolum in this hole, one of which had a small crustacean attached to it, and he also saw some specimens of Euphausia, WINTER QUARTERS, SCOTIA BAY, 1903 tf The weight <>i" tli- two fish in the small trap was 1 1)>. 6 ozs., length 13| ins., and I ."> ozs., length 13| ins., resp.-. -ti\el\ . 'I'll. weight of tin- nim- ii-h \\as 9 Ibs. 5 ozs. The largest oin\ a female, weighed 1 II). 1> <>/.-.. ami w;i> l.~>J. ins. in length. Six were females, and three ma!.- I'ilai-k Iwked null-, -imwy [wtrcls, a nelly ami paddies were seen. ./ ../A. The cateh in the dredge was a poor one to-day. The contents were a small fish, p vet logons, a few star-fishes, one echinoid, some fragments of spooni and a :!ieiiione. tin- last a new >\ -it -. The usual cpizoa on sea-weed. The trap yielded a ^olitaiy -mi -star. On the surface of the dredge and trap holes numerous examples of />..//..//// were caught, most of them in chains of from four to twelve, more or less. l-'oimd two crustaceans inside two of them, oue of which however escaped. Careful drawings and paintings have been made of these animals. Mr Bruce and I saw a Wrddrll seal near Ailsa Craig. Snowy petrels, paddies and a black-backed gull were seen. June 6th. The dredge was not much better than yesterday. It contained a fish, -oine -mall pycuogous and a large red one, a worm tube, a large uemcrtean (not seen for some time past), two sun-stars, fragments of a holothurian and the usual animals on sea-weed. Some examples of Kn^hnnsin were caught on the surface of the dredge-hole. Whilst killing the anemone caught yesterday, several young came out from under the lx-11 or from the mouth. Snowy petrels, paddies and a nelly were seen. June 8th. Very poor haul in the dredge to-day ; one isopod, a few pycnogous, a small star-fish on a stone, and the usual animals on sea-weed. Two fish, a large ctenophore, 5^ ins. x 3 ins. (? Beroe), which unfortunately broke up whilst being fixed in 2 % formalin, and numerous amphipods were in the trap. The small trap in the dredge-hole contained two big sun-stars. Pirie caught plenty of Euphaiusia on the surface of the dredge-hole. The fish caught were both females, of which the larger one weighed 1 Ibs. 10 ozs., and measured 15J- ins. in length; it was preserved for its o\ary. Probably the spawning season is just ended. The other weighed 9 ozs., and measured 10 ins. Snowy petrels and sheathbills seen both yesterday and to-day. A Hight of shags was noticed this morning whilst we were at the trap. Juif \i//i. No dredging. Hauled trap up, and got one star-fish and one buckie, then lowered coarse tow-net from surface to 20 fathoms five times. The small trap in the dredge-hole caught some sun-stars and two buckies. No birds seen except one sheathbill. It has been misty and overcast all day. June \Qth. First haul of the dredge brought up a large sponge. Second haul a few pycuogons, polychaetes and several star-fishes, one of which had encircled a lamellibranch which it was eating, and two or three pieces of sea-weed, amongst which were numerous small crustaceans and fragments of sponges. Again rather misty and no liirds seen. June llth. A large holothurian was the conspicuous item of the catch in the dredge to-day, and a painting was made of it. There were also a few pycnogous, some small enista<-pans, a polychaete, three star-fishes, an ophiuroid and small lamellibranchs on sea- weed. Nothing iii the large trap. Euphcmsia, common in the new hole dug to-day for 28 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTlA the middle-sized trap. A seal was also seen at the dredge-hole. One nelly, a snowy petrel, two black-backed gulls (one young), two paddies and a shag were seen. June, 12th. The first haul of the dredge brought up a large red pycnogon, a few ordinary pycnogons, a sea-urchin, an isopod, two stones and a piece of sea-weed ; the next haul was a blank. Only amphipods were in the large trap ; in the middle-sized trap were seven buckies. Lowered coarse net down in hole but got no catch. Obtained specimens of Euphausia and Doliolum from surface of the trap-hole. Three paddies and a nelly were seen. June 13th. One paddy was seen. June lUh. No birds were seen. June 15th. One small fish, one star-fish and a pycnogon comprised the catch of the dredge. The large trap contained nothing, the middle-sized trap more than a dozen buckies, and the little trap contained some cushion-stars. This trap was shifted from the dredge-hole to a hole cut through the ice in Uruguay Cove, 9 fathoms depth. Three sheathbills were the only birds seen. June 16th. The dredge contained two or three small pycnogons, a cushion-star and an ophiuroid very poor catch indeed. Two paddies were seen. June 17th. Rich haul in the dredge consisting of several gasteropods, and many crustaceans in a quantity of weed, pycnogons, isopods, polychaetes, four species of star- fish, .large nemerteans, same large holothurian as on the llth inst., two sea-urchins, four species of star-fish, including a new one which the artist has painted, cushion- stars, two of which are young, and a sponge. The middle-sized trap was hauled up with two buckies and some amphipods in it from 27 fathoms ; these amphipods seem to be more plentiful in water of 27 fathoms than at lesser depths. A tow-net was lowered away in 20 fathoms four times. Eight fish of the usual common species were caught in the small trap set on the 15th in Uruguay Cove, depth 9 fathoms. A parasite was found on the fish. The weight of the eight fish amounted to 6 Ibs. 10 ozs., two of them, both females, weighing 1 Ib. 1 oz. Five were females (ovary young), three males. Two sheathbills were seen. June 18th. Only one sea-urchin, a stone and some weed were got in the dredge. No. 1, the largest trap, contained a fish, which was slightly different from the usual Notothenia kind, in having a less square head and a finer mouth ; numerous amphipods both inside and outside the trap. Euphausia was seen at the dredge-hole. Amphipods and Doliolum were seen at the trap-hole No. 1. No. 3, the small trap in Uruguay Cove, contained three fish, one of which is a new species, the same as caught in trap No. 1 on 3rd inst., and which was carefully painted and preserved; this one was also preserved. The other three fish, the largest weighing 1 Ib. 3 ozs., the next 1 Ib. 1 oz., and the new variety 12 ozs., were preserved. Two paddies were seen to-day. June 19th. No dredging. A paddy was seen, and Pirie saw some feather balls at the flagstaff on Point Davis, probably indicating gulls. June 20th. The contents of the dredge comprised a small fish, which has been SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XIII Zoological Log >f Si-.tti-h National Ant.intu I .\pcilitioii. [l-kala l-l T. C. /toy. 37. A Deep Water Starfish (l'nln Tin- Hoach. A ]mddy was seen Hoar tho ship. / m -\<>. A |engnin ( /'//.'/ '<'/' < 'ulcli'ie) was caught this afternoon on The Beach. One paddy was seen. ./ U /. Two iaopods, a few pyonogons. thr * of star-fish and a small gasteropod were obtained in tin- dredge. No. 3 trap in Uruguay Cove yielded three fishes. The largest, a male. weighed 1 11.. -J ozs., length r_' in-. ; the next, a male, 1 lb., length 11J ins. ; the smallest, a inal.-. w.-i-hed 14 ozs., length 1 I ins. Eight penguins (all black-throatr.l) \\vn- raii^ht noar tin- ship, ooming from a southerly direction. Brown and Davidson saw a Hork of -ha;:-, al.mit forty in nmnl> r. J I. A trw pyrnogons, a larp- purplr -In-own x4-a-<-iictiml>er and a fragnu-nt of a sponge were caught in tin- dn !;.. Nothing in tho trap No. 3 ; No. 1 trap con- tained a fish, a burkio and a rushion-star, ami tho usual large quantity of amphipods, baado- anot hoi lirighl red OHI prolmlil} M now spooios. !'" ;i paddJM IWW Men ali. .1;' the ship, also a snowy jx-tr.'I flying almvo Wilton Bay. The fish caught in No. 1 trap nioasurod 1'jj ins. in length, its weight was 1 lb., and it was a male. June 24th. Three or four paddies were seen about the ship, and many snowy petrels were seen around Point Martin. June 25th. Only a few pycnogons were got in the dredge. Three fish were found in No. 1 trap, weighing altogether 3J Ibs., the largest one weighed 1 lb. 4 ozs., and measured 12} ins., the other two were 12 ins., sex undetermined ; all three preserved. Two or three paddies about the ship. "June 26th. Only a few pycuogons in the first haul of the dredge. The second haul was very rich and abundant in species, including a new gasteropod, lamcllibranchs, chitons, an isopod, several pycnogons, twelve or more polychaetes, two terebellids with tubes, large uemerteans, a sea-urchin, five star-fish, several brittle-stars, two or three cushion-stars, three holothurians, two pink, and the third a purply-browu one, several sponges, a very great number of minuto crustaceans, bryozoa and sertularians on sea-weed. Amongst a clump of weed was a whole nest of large nemerteans. In the trap were four ordinary Notothenia, a pair of the new kind (ride the 3rd inst.), two isopods, apjwrently a pair, and an abundance of amphipods, and tlm-c worms with suckers were found on the nmlor surface of the larger isopod. This trap was shifted on the 23rd inst. to a new hole further south, in the same depth, 27 fathoms. The ice in Uruguay Cove has been driven out and carried the trap No. 3 with it. A new hole in 10 fathoms has been cut to the south of No. 1 trap-hole but further inshore, and the new trap will be put down to-morrow. The four Notothenia weighed 5 J Ibs., and were all males, with well developed testes in very ripe condition; they were preserved. They measured 15 ins., 13| 30 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA ins'., and 12 ins. respectively. A seal is usually seen at the trap-hole in Scotia Bay, and one was seen by Brown in Uruguay Cove. He angled for it with a Notothenia, but it would n'ot bite. No seals but Weddells have been seen since we went into winter quarters. Paddies, snowy petrels, a black-backed gull and a gentoo were seen, the latter swimming in Uruguay Cove. June 27th. Only a few pycnogons and some sea-weed in the dredge. Lowered medium-sized trap in hole to the south of No. 1 trap-hole. A few paddies were seen about the ship, and some penguins heard by Pirie in Uruguay Cove. Only two traps are now in use, the new one, No. 2, and the small one, No. 1, No. 3 having been carried away by the ice in Uruguay Cove. No. 1 trap. The large trap, depth of hole 27 fathoms. No. 2 trap. Medium-sized (new), ,, ,, 10 fathoms. June 28th. Hauled up No. 2 trap, which contained thirty-one fish of the ordinary Notothenia type, variously coloured, also a considerable number of amphipods. In Buchaii Bay, whilst going toward Wilton Bay, Mr Bruce and I saw a bird which was either a young black -backed gull or a skua. In Buchan Bay saw several snowy petrels, and in Wilton Bay saw a seal far off. Russ made him move to his hole. A few paddies were seen about the ship. Total weight of fish, 30 Ibs. 2 ozs. (the largest one weighed 2^ Ibs.) of which seven were males, twenty females and four undetermined. June 29th. Not much in the dredge ; a few pycnogons, a chiton, a holothurian and a sea-urchin, and a small quantity of sea- weed. Trap No 1 contained a fish and a buckie ; trap No. 2 nineteen fish. Twenty fish weighed 26 Ibs. 3 ozs., two of which were males, twelve females and six undetermined. The contents of their stomachs were amphipods, large nemerteans, and some smaller fish of their own kind. In the afternoon trap No. 2 was again lifted and we found ten fish, which weighed 8 Ibs. 10 ozs., four being males, five females and one undetermined. Two or three paddies about the ship. A black-backed gull or a skua was seen flying about in the afternoon. June 30th. Two or three pycnogons, a star-fish, and some weed were the contents of the dredge. Trap No. 1 yielded a fish and a buckie ; No 2, two fish. Numerous amphipods were in both traps. The three fish weighed 1 Ib. 14 ozs. ; all were preserved. The fish caught on 28th, 29th, and 30th inst. are all the ordinary Notothenia common to this place. There is a great variety of colour about them, of which a careful study has been made. The usual paddies about the ship. July 1st. No dredging or trapping. Four paddies about the ship. July 2nd. A new fish like the pipe-fish 1 was caught on the surface of the dredge- hole by Davidson ; its colour was recorded. A green fish, like the new one caught on 1 Notolepis Coatsi a . nov. WINTKK gr.VKIT.i:- sr,.n\ HAY, 1903 31 tin- :ird ult., throe chitons, three small py-nogODS and a large one. an isopod, a jH.Keha.-te. a \oimi: laruc in- rtean. tour opliiuroids and a -tar-Ji-h comprise the eatch of the dredge. Trap No. 1 contained ainplii|HMls alone. Trap No. 2 contained eiulit tisli. weiu'liini: altogether 7 11)8. 6 OZS., three eii-hion Mar-, decide-, -tai ti>li, a luiekie and tlu- n-nal ipiantity of aniphipods. The eiglit fish caught to-day in trap No. _' u.iv all pr--.-i\. .1. One lish had three dorsal fins, one had five, ami tin- rest had four. Whilst out at traps we saw two or three flocks of birds flying over sonic open water t<> tin- west of Ailsa Craig, evidently shags. Three nellies were seen by Mr Bruce and the mate during the course of the day. The usual two or three paddies about the ship. Three snowy petrels and a paddy were seen at trap-hole No. 1. They evidently go there to pick up the amphipods brought up by the trap. July ">//. The dredge contained two isopods, a few pycnogons, one limpet, two lamellihranc -hs and two or three gastcropods, one chiton, two or three " worms " and a few crustaceans. Trap No. 1 contained a fish and a few aniphipods. Trap No. 2, five fish and three cushion -stars, but no amphipods. All the fish were of tin- ordinary Nototheiiia type. Three have Ix-rn piv-n-vrd. The largest one (female) weighed 15 ozs., and measured 12J ins.; the smallest one (preserved sex undetermined), 9 .i/v. was In ins. in l.-n-j'ii. >n-- u.-iuli.-.l li DM, .'in. I MM 111 iflA m I'-n-jili i|u-' sen'ed), three weighed a total of 2 Ibs. 4 ozs., and were each 11 J ins. in length, one of which was preserved. Three females, three undetermined, the others male. Two of the fish had five dorsal rays, the rest four. A number of snowy petrels about the cliffs, one nelly and a black-l>uckcd gull, besides the usual paddies were seen. A seal was seen in Jessie Bay. July -\tli. The first haul of the dredge brought up a large stone with some (?) laminaria 1 "roots" attached to it and a large isopod. On breaking up these roote we found five or six worms, three or four brittle-stars, rather damaged and a small star-fish. On the stone itself a nudibranch with a small pyt-nogon on it was di.s- red. The second haul brought up a few blades of sea-weed with nothing on them. Davidson saw a shag Hying northwards past the ship's bows, and the usual jinddies were seen. Jnly 6th. The dredge brought up a small fish, a large nudibranch, one pycnogon and a star-fish. No. 1 trap contained a fish. No. 2 five fishes and four star-fishes. All the fish were of the ordinary ^<>t,,tl,< nia type, and weighed altogether 5 Ibs. 9 ozs. Two of them, a male and a female, had five dorsal fins, the remaining four (one male, three females) had four dorsal fins. Only two or three paddies were seen. July 7th. The dredge contained some pycnogons and a few pieces of sponge ; rather a poor cau-h. Nothing in trap No. 1 ; No. 2 trap contained 54 fish (Notothenia), 'Lruonia timulant, op. nov. 32 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA one of which was the new kind (see June 3rd). The 54 fish weighed 57 Ibs. 1 oz., average weight T057 Ibs., the heaviest fish weighing 2 Ibs. 10 ozs., the lightest 4 ozs. Fifteen were males, twenty-seven females, twelve undetermined. The biggest fish were nearly all females, the males being much smaller. The testes of four of the latter were very ripe, especially in one case ; the ova of five of the females were in an advanced stage. The twelve sexually undetermined and the new fish were all pre- served. The colour of these fish varies very considerably from green to red, brown, copper-red, yellow, orange and grey being also noticed. Twenty-five of these fish had four first dorsal fin rays, twenty-five had five, two had six and one had three. The new fish (see June 3rd) had eight first dorsal fin rays. The contents of the stomachs of the first were small cuttle-fish, 2 ins. or 3 ins. long, Euphausia and a buckie minus the shell. The lengths of these fish varied from 17'1 ins. to 7'7 ins., average 12'5 ins. A flock of shags about a hundred or so were seen flying north, also two nellies. The usual paddies about the ship. July 8th. Dredge yielded a few pycnogons, a sea-urchin and a broken soft tunicate. Six fish were caught in No. 1 trap, thirty-three in No. 2, all of the ordinary Notothenia type. The average weight was 1 Ib. 4|- ozs., average length 13 '4 ins. Eighteen were females, nine males and twelve undetermined ; the latter were preserved. Twenty-three had four first dorsal fin rays, fourteen had five, one had three and one had six dorsal fin rays. Three of the males were quite ready for fertilizing, while four of the females had their ova in a mature stage. A nelly and the usual paddies were seen. A seal was killed on the ice opposite Point Davis, a young female with no embryo. On cutting it open, we found some parasitic worms in its stomach, none however in its gut ; its duodenum was also filled with parasites which looked like seeds in outward appearance. July 9th. A large holothurian, an isopod and some pycnogons were caught in the dredge. Trap No 1 contained a fish and a buckie while trap No. 2 had eleven fish, besides, of course, the usual amphipods in both traps. The fish were all the usual Notothenia. Average weight 1 Ib., average length 12 '06 ins. Five were female, six male and one undetermined. Six had four first dorsal fin rays, five had five and one had six. Three of the males were ready for fertilizing. Brown took the temperature of one of the fish and found it to be 29"'27. A worm was found on the anal fin rays of one of the fish. A shag, a black-backed gull, a nelly and three paddies were seen. July Wth. Tried a new trawl which MacDougall made ; lowered it down dredge- hole ; did not catch anything with it. Had the dredge down afterwards and caught some pycnogons, a soft tunicate, and an isopod, a young ophiuroid, a young chaetopod and a small amphipod. A red holothurian was caught on the surface of the hole where the seal was lowered. Two or three paddies. July llth. Nothing much in the dredge; have not yet had a decent haul in the dredge this month. Eighteen fish were caught in No. 1 trap, and thirty -four in SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. i\.. Part i.). PLATK XIV. Zoological Log of SmttMi National Antarctic Expedition. I I I I \\INIKi: t.ilMtlKKS. SCOTIA BAY, 1903 33 No. 2 trap, a total <>f fifty-tun fish. Thirty-three were females, none with ripe ovaries. Twelve mall-, four of wliirh lml tln-ir milt in a very ripe condition, and six of iimlctiTinmcd sr\. .\\iTavri 1 weight of the tNh was 1 11). 1 oz. Average length 12*4 ins. Twenty -seven had five first dorsal fin rays, twenty had four and five had three. Scvrral < tishion-stars and star-fish were caught in No. 2 trap. Two amphipods were obtained by means of a small contrivance 1 manufactured by Brown and Gravill, and fastened in-i\i uogons, two isopods, chiton, a limpet, a chaetopod, a large nemertean, a small ophiuroid, two star-fish and several cushion-stars, four holothurians, two sponges, several crustaceans and much weed with animals attached to it. Sixteen fish were caught in No. 1 trap, eighteen in No. 2, besides two cushion -stars ; all ordinary Notothenia. Average weight 1 Ib. 1$ ozs., average length 12'6 ins. Seventeen were female, ten male, seven undetermined. Only one male and one female had their sexual organs in an advanced condition. Twenty had five first dorsal fin rays and fourteen had four. Usual paddies about the ship. July 17 th. Only two star-fish caught in the dredge. A nelly, a snowy petrel and paddies seen. July 18th. A decent catch in the dredge, consisting of limpets, pycnogons, several small crustaceans, a chaetopod, and a large nemertean, several cushion-stars and other star-fish, besides the usual bryozoa and scrtularians on sea-weed. Fifty fish were caught in No. 1 trap, and thirty-eight in No. 2, besides two cushion-stars. All fish of the ordinary Notothenia type, except two of the green variety. The average weight of the 1 This WM a small cylindrical copper framework covered with No. 3 tow-net silk, with a concave funnel opening at either end. The ends were removable to allow the catch to be taken out. Dimension*, 1 foot by 4 or 5 inches. E 34 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA ordinary Notothenia was 1 Ib. 2 ozs., average length 12'2 ins. Twenty-nine were females, thirty-eight males and nine undetermined. Three males and three females had their reproductive organs fairly well developed. Forty-two had four first dorsal fin rays, thirty-one had five, two had six and one had three. Several small fish, red crustacean spawn, large nemerteans, and other beasts were found in these fishes stomachs. A nelly, two black-backed gulls and paddies were seen. July 19th. Paddies were seen. There is nothing else to record. July 20th. Only a large star-fish, with young attached, and two or three pycnogons were caught in the dredge. No. 2 trap contained thirteen fish, some cushion-stars and the usual amphipods. The fish were of the ordinary Notothenia type. Average weight was 14'9 ozs., average length 11 '9 ins. Three male, seven female and three un- determined. Five had five first dorsal fin rays and eight had four. A black-backed gull and paddies were seen. July 21st. Very poor catch in the dredge ; a few pycnogons, one small isopod, two large nemerteans, and a broken sea-urchin, and some sea-weed with attached bryozoa. One of the large nemerteans ate two pycnogons whilst in a basin in the laboratory. Birds have been seen in greater quantities, possibly because the day has been fine. Some nellies, black and otherwise, idack-backed gulls, several snowy petrels and four paddies. July 22nd. Two large red pycnogons copulating, a sponge with sea-weed growing on it, and some small pycnogons were caught in the dredge. Eighty-seven fish in No. 1 trap, twelve in No. 2, with the usual amphipods in both traps. About a dozen cushion-stars in No. 2 trap. All the fish were of the ordinary type. The average weight of ninety-eight fish was 1^ Ibs., average length 13'9 ins. Fifty-six were females, a third of which had their reproductive organs in an advanced stage ; twenty-one were males, a half of which had milt exuding from them ; twenty-one were undetermined. Thirty-six had five first dorsal fin rays, fifty-nine had four, two had three and one had six. The usual various colours were observed in the fish, and their stomachs contained smaller fish, bait (seal) and other matter. Paddies, snowy petrels, black-backed gulls and nellies were seen during the day, also a skua by Mr Bruce. July 23rd. Very poor catch in the dredge, only two star-fish, a soft tunicate and three or four pycnogons. Did not go to the traps. Lowered a small trap where soundings are being taken in the middle of Scotia Bay in 37 fathoms. Black-backed gulls, snowy petrels, nellies and paddies were seen. Pirie shot a male Weddell seal and two snowy petrels. July 24th. Only one cushion-star and five pycnogons in the dredge. No. 1 trap yielded seven fish, No. 2 eleven, and about a dozen cushion-stars. All the fish were of the ordinary type. The average weight of the eighteen fish was 1 Ib., average length 12 '2 ins. Ten were female, three male and five undetermined (preserved). The sexual organs of neither sex were in a mature condition. Ten had five first dorsal fin rays, WINTKU QUAKIT.K- SCOTIA BAY, 1905 33 six had four, one had -i.\. and <>ne liad it> lir-t d"i-al tin rays Kitten. -<> that <>i}<- not tell how many there \\.-iv. I'-nal mixed eontent.s of the stomioh. Thousands of shags were seen to-day, a* well a> mini. TOMS block -backed gulls, both young and adult, nrllir-, -nous petrels. and the usual paddies about the ship. Jn/i/ -j.vA. Onesl.ii ti-li and thro- pyenogons in the dredge. Nellies, black-backed gulls, l)th young and adult and snowy petrels were seen in great quantities. A gentoo penguin was captured at I'-'int l'a\i-. \\eddell seals and a few paddies were also seen. Kitehie killed a male Weddell seal with a pocket-knife ; l it had fish and nematode worms in its stomach. July 26th. Numerous nellies, one almost pure black, gulls, snowy petrels and five or six paddies were seen. July 27th. Brown lifted a small trap which was lowered down in 50 fathoms, muddy bottom ; two fish (Notothenin) and numerous amphipods. One of the fish was dead when the trap was hauled up. To-day has been very squally with driving snow ; a few nellies, gulls and sheathbills were seen. The captive penguin made no objection to sitting for his portrait on the cabin table. July 28th.' The dredge contained one pycnogon. The traps, between them, twenty-two of the usual fish, several star-fish and many amphipods. A polychaete was also got in the small trap (9J fathoms). Several specimens of a species of Euphausict were caught on the surface of the trap-hole. Many crimson cushion-stars were taken off a seal's skeleton lowered in about 10 fathoms. Nellies and black-backed gulls seen, as well as snowies and paddies. Many flocks of shags were observed flying towards Saddle Island, several across the bay to the eastward of Brown's Bay, where they appeared to alight in a pool of open water. Three shags flew across Scotia Bay to the southward. " Charlie " ' has become quite reconciled to his new home on the monkey poop, where he spends most of his time in quiet meditation or in peaceful slumber. In spite of repeated persuasions, he refuses to accept a drink, and has more than once shown his disapproval of water by overturning a basin of it offered to him. Otherwise he is most sweet-tempered, and calmly allows himself to be subjected to the ordeal of tem- perature taking. July 29th. One pycnogon was the only catch in the dredge. The traps were not examined. Nellies, a black-backed gull, paddies and snowies were seen. A small trap was taken out to the encampment on Delta Island for the investigation of the fauna of that region by Wilton and others. " Charlie " pursues the even tenor of his way, and refuses to allow his dignified composure to be disturbed in any manner. 1 These seals were always killed by stabbing, as this method was least injurious to the skin. I'. \V. Wilton loft on a week's sledge trip to Delta Island and Mill Core. In hi* absence until August 5th the log was kept by the naturalists remaining on board. 1 This was the gentoo penguin captured on July 25th. 36 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA July BOth. Heavy snow squalls from S.S.W. with driving snow. No dredge or traps. A solitary shag was observed flying westward. No other birds were seen. July 31st. There was nothing in the dredge. No. 1 trap had nine fish and one star-fish. No. 2 trap had four fish. All the fish were of medium or small size. Total weight of fish 13 Ibs. 3 ozs., average length 12' 14 ins. One paddy was seen, and a doubtful bird either a black-backed gull or a nelly. " Charlie " appeared restless and discontented this morning when he was sitting for his portrait. He seemed to be in want of a swim. After lunch he was taken to the dredge-hole and enticed to take a dive, but he persistently refused, and even when he was forced into the water, he scrambled out at once : again and again he declined to stay in the water. Possibly the water appeared too dark to him owing to its being surrounded by thick ice. Perhaps he simply did not feel in the mood for a swim. Now he is peacefully re-established on the monkey poop. Aug. 1st. The dredge contained one star-fish and three pycnogons. A paddy and a shag were seen, the latter flying southward. A flock of shags, several thousands in number were seen by Mr Bruce nellies, snowy petrels and paddies as well. A black- throated penguin was captured alive on the beach on its way north, and brought aboard. It is now tied up on the poop, but seems very much to resent its captivity and continually struggles to free itself. "Charlie" seemed to regard "Pathrick's" excitement with contempt and himself retains his composure as of old, only forgetting himself for a moment when " Pathrick " appeared. A young white seal was found about a quarter of a mile to the south-west. We drove it over to the ship and shot it. It is probably a young Lobodon carcinophaga of last year (September). Its side is marked with several deep gashes only very slightly healed. It was noticeable how much quieter and more agile this seal was in its move- ments than the Weddell seal. The small trap in 51 fathoms was lifted, but had nothing in it but amphipods, mostly of the smaller or younger kind. Aug. 2nd. Snowy petrels, paddies and shags seen. Aug. 3rd. No dredging or trapping done to-day. To-day snowy petrels have been seen and heard in the cliffs ; no other birds. Aug. kih. The dredge contained one star-fish and a few of the common pycnogons. No. 1 trap contained fifty-one fish and one buckie. No. 2 trap contained twenty-two fish and several cushion-stars. All the fish were of the ordinary Notoihenia type. Average weight was 1 Ib. 2'2 ozs., average length 12'8 ins. There were 29 males, 29 females and 15 undetermined. Three of the males were very ripe. Thirty-nine had five first dorsal fin rays, thirty-one had four and two had six, while one was deformed, ^o. 2 trap was lifted and contained not only numerous cushion-stars, but also hundreds of amphipods. The birds reported to-day are two nellies, numerous snowy petrels and one black -backed gull. No sheathbills were seen. An adelia penguin was caught this forenoon near the ship. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv.. Part i.). Zoological l."-: "t "V"tn-lt N'.iti n.ii \Mt.i!itu Expedition. PLATE XV. I ! f. I < 5 4 I i it; t t \\IVIT.I; nr\Kii-:i:< -in \ \-\\ !,>, 37 I /. ''A. One spotted stJir-fMi :\n<\ two m- tlm-c pycnogons were tin- only content* of the dredge. No bin Is \\.-iv reported ; v.-ry windy ami mild \\.-atli. Aug. 6th. The dredge yirldcd tin- rifhrst cnt-h we 1m vo hod for some considerable ti m e gasteropoda, pycnogons, polychaetcs, several large ncmerteans, seven or eight i -fish, a holothiiriaii. three sponges, besides a quantity of sea-weed with attached bryozon ami s.-rtulnrian- on it. and also containing sonic ampliipods and large ncmcrteans. A black-backed gull and snowy petrels are the only birds reported to have been seen, probably owing to the wet and misty weather. Mossman and Smith saw a young Wcddell seal in .!. i.- Ba\. Aug. 7th. A cephalopod, with two parasites attached, a few pycnogons, a cushion-star, with young adhering to it, and another star-fish comprised the contents of the dredge. Snowy petrels and a paddy have been seen. Aug. 8th. Only one large nemertean and three pycnogons were caught in the dredge. Several black-throated penguins were seen going to Jessie l'a\ . The temperature of two of these birds was taken, nnl -\i:iKI> -' "11 \ I'.NV, l'.p:i 39 along the edge of the old ice, three nf which were sea leopards, 1110-1 were Wrddflln, and |>.->ili|\ -i.me were lAjl*nltnni. Tlic MA-leopudl had made sonic holes in the bay ice, and were constantly coming up to breathe, sometimes putting out the whole of their head to have a look round, at oth<-r times just shoving their nostrils level with the surface of the water. A sea-leopard was observed to catch a black-throated penguin by the lej^ and haul him down in the water. Several photographs were taken of the seals in their blow-holes. Aug. 22nd. One pycnogon and an isopod were found in the dredge. The trap which is lowered in a hole near the ship in 13 fathoms contained two fish, Notothenia. ( >ne weighed 2 Ibs. 7 ozs., and was 17'2 ins. in length, a female. The other, which was preserved, weighed 1" "/-.. and !ud a Liu'li !' l'r ( ; UM, AN" fcWO fellm MartNi. 174 cushion-stars, one with six arms, and one with four arms, and four buckles. A Weddell seal thrust its head and shoulders through the trap-hole to have a look round. A flock of shags flying in Jessie Bay, one black-throated penguin, several snowy petrels and four black-backed gulls were reported as having been seen during the day. Aug. 24th. One red pycnogon with ova attached, a few small pycuogous, one large nemertean and one small star-fish in the dredge. The trap contained five fish (Notothenia) weighing 3$ Ibs., three isopods, one gasteropod, one large yellow or orange star- fish and about 100 cushion-stars. The three seals skeletons in a hole by the ship were hauled up ; very few amphipods were found on them ; in fact, a great scarcity of these beasts prevails near the ship ; two large nemertcans and an isopod were also on the carcases. One nelly, a black-throated penguin, several snowy petrels and black- backed gulls were seen during the day. Two of the snowy petrels were observed taking a bath among the slush, one by Pirie, the other by Mossman. Five Lobodoiis and a Weddell were seen in a group by Pirie during sounding operations. Pirie shot a young male Loboiloit. The Lobodons travel faster over the snow than the Weddells. A Weddell seal put up its head in the trap-hole ; they are evidently on the eve of returning to land for pupping. Only snowy petrels and black-backed gulls were seen yesterday. Aug. 25th. The dredge contained a small nudibranch, several pycnogons, two yellow star-fish (orange colour in the middle), one sea-urchin and some sea-weed, containing several species of gasteropoda, lamellibranchs, and entomostracans, amongst the root of the weed was a small chiton, a polychaete, several large nemerteans, and two other " worms " (species unknown) were found. We hauled up the trap to get some skeletons 1 , and found several cushion-stars. One snowy petrel and one black-backed gull were seen. Aug. 26th. Only one star-fish was in the dredge. The Giesbrecht net was lowered away this afternoon to a depth of 6 feet from the surface with very poor results. Pirie saw many Lobodoiis and Weddells during sounding operations. Snowy petrels and black-backed gulls have been seen during the day. 1 The traps were baited with penguin and other carcue*. 40 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA Aug. 27th. One nudibranch and two pycnogons in the dredge. Some black- backed gulls, some snowy petrels and also a nelly have been seen during the day. A hole was made in the bay ice about three-eighths of a mile from the ship towards Point Davis, and three seals skeletons were lowered down. These skeletons have been in a hole near the ship for a fortnight, but have hardly been touched, owing to the absence or scarcity of amphipods in the vicinity of the " Scotia." The trap contained 164 cushion-stars, weighing 6 Ibs. 11 ozs. (one star had four arms), three isopods, two buckies, one large nemertean, one yellow star-fish and six fish, all of the Notothenia kind, weighing 4 Ibs. 10 ozs. Average length 11 '4 inches, average weight 12.3 ozs. Brown saw a seal, though too far off to distinguish the species. Five cushion-stars and an isopod were obtained from the seals skeletons. Aug. 28th. One small fish and four pycnogons were the contents of the dredge. A nelly and some snowy petrels were seen, also a seal by'Pirie, but it was too far off to distinguish the species. Hauled Giesbrecht net up, contents nil. Aug. 29th. The first haul of the dredge was a very rich one, the second blank. The first haul contained a small fish, several lamellibranchs and gasteropods, three isopods and several smaller crustaceans amongst sea-weed, two polychaetes and another "worm," several cushion-stars and three or four orange star-fishes, also two small holothurians, several fragments of sponges, including two species, as well as five or six tunicates, a few pycnogons, one with ova attached and much sea-weed with bryozoa, sertularians, etc., on it. Mossman saw a shag flying northwards ; a nelly and some snowy petrels were also seen. Aug. 30th. The first young seals were seen to-day. At Point Martin three Weddell seals and their young ones were found. Each seal had one pup, probably born to-day or yesterday. The smallest was from 2|- to 3 feet long. Their coats are woolly and grey-white ; as yet they are free from the usual spots and marks on the coats of the Weddell seals. The young have the usual disproportionate head, and their flippers, the hind ones particularly, are well developed, and out of proportion to the rest of the body. The eyes have the characteristic look, large, brown and slightly blood-shot in the white. They move exactly like the adults, but a few yards at a time tires them, and they have to rest. The mother lies alternately on one or the other side when suckling the pup, and, at other times, seems to shelter it by lying to wind- ward. The mother is more fierce, and resents any annoyance more than in her childless state, but one, on being worried with sticks, tried to burrow into the snow as if in search of water, which would have entailed her abandoning her pup. The pup frequently gives a cry, not unlike the bleating of a lamb, but with at times a more human sound about it. The mother too gives vent often to the peculiar hoarse roar, though often the noise more resembles a loud cackle. All three seals and their young were lying about the line of tide-cracks so that in event of floe giving way a retreat to the land would be quite easy. A nelly, snowy petrels and black-backed gulls were seen. \\1NTKR grAUTKKS. sn.mim.r- 41 Auy. 31st. The tir-t liaul of tin- dredge contained a few sea-\\ ah no animal- . in the second haul tliriv \\.-n- two pycnogons, a polychaete and a star-li-h. Only one ncllv -ecu to-day, by the captain. The M--I of n- cc any birds although I was nit in the morning and a party were out later securing two young Weddell Heals. According to one of tin- mm who \\a- out with the party securing the two lby seals, tin- vouugest one's mother followed the sledge containing her progeny as far as >he wa- able, emitting no noise or cry, whilst the older one's mother was got rid of much more easily. She escaped through a blow-hole and abandoned her young after a short struggle. The youngest baby seal was killed by chloroform and preserved for its skin ; and the other one was injected and embalmed according to Professor David Hepburn's method, 1 which Pirie and Brown successfully carried out. Vy/. Int. The first haul of the dredge contained nil, the second one a cushion- star and a pycnogou. Mr Bruce saw a nelly this morning, the only bird seen to-day. Birds have been very scarce these last two days, probably owing to the cold weather we have been experiencing. Mr Bruce, Cuthbertson and myself were out this after- noon at Point Davis, near where, on the floe, we saw a Weddell seal with her young. On our near approach the mother became alarmed and tried to drive us off ; she was i-\.--i-i|iii-jls tat anl nio\i-.| -li.wlv. S.-.-in-j thai IMT i-M'"M- u-lv \ n i-tli->-1. ~\i<- returned to her young and began to caress it by putting her nose to the young one's -M!C. opening her mouth and barking. Satisfied that the young one was all right, she lay down on her side whilst the youngster moved towards her head, where it lay embracing the mother with a flipper. After a while the youngster shifted its position and moved towards the hind end of its parent. Some photographs were taken of mother and young by Mr Bruce. Sept. 2nd. The dredge contained not even a pycnogon in either of the two hauls. Only one bird seen a snowy petrel, by the captain. The Weddell seal with its young, which we saw yesterday off Point Davis, was brought to the ship. Both were preserved for skins. Sept. 3rd. Both hauls of the dredge came up empty. No birds seen. The cold spell we have been experiencing is probably the cause. Yesterday the mean temperature was - 22 F. To-day the temperature has varied more than yesterday, in the afternoon rising to 8, but at 7 P.M. it was - 20 C , with a strong breeze blowing since noon. Sept. 4th. No dredge to-day, nor were any birds seen. Cold spell still continuing. Sept. 5th. The dredge contained one yellow star-fish with a lamellibranch attached to it. The Giesbrecht net was hauled up empty. The trap was hauled up also and contained four or five fish (Notothenia), kept for skeletons, about 100 star-fish, all cushion-stars, four or five isopods and a few buckies. A nelly and a snowy petrel were seen to-day. The weather has become quite moderate again. 1 In accordance with a formula presented to the Expedition by Professor David Hepburn, M.D., University of Wales. 42 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA Sept. 6th. A nelly was seen by Mr Bruce, and Mossman heard a snowy petrel. Weather quite mild. Sept. 7th. A. star-fish and several pycnogons were caught in the dredge, also a piece of sea-weed with attached bryozoa. Brown and I went out to Point Martin to secure a young Weddell seal. We saw four Weddell seals, two with young ones and two about to give birth. We had no difficulty in securing a young one from its mother who did not follow us. On approach- ing the second seal with a young one to take some snap-shots, we had to keep an eye on her as she several times tried to attack us on our nearer approach. The young was killed by prussic acid. Its temperature was taken a little while after the dose was given : first reading was 97 '6 ; about five minutes afterwards the temperature was taken twice, both times registering 99 '2, which is doubtless the correct reading. Pirie examined the young seal's eye through an ophthalmoscope and found the colour to be slatey. Two snowy petrels were seen. Sept. 8th. No catch in the dredge. Weather still cold, though very clear. Went out again to Point Martin and saw the four Weddell seals we saw yesterday ; no further developments had taken place. We crossed over the spit and saw several other Weddell seals, all with young. Two of them tried to drive us away ; the third mother stayed by its young, and on our second approach gave it several bites about the head and neck, and finally took a good grab of it by the mouth and shook its baby like a dog worries a rat. We interposed on the young one's part and took it from its mother and home to the ship. The poor baby was very much damaged, so we killed it almost immediately. The skin was much whiter than any we had yet seen, but owing to the scars caused by the bites of its mother, it was decided to keep the specimen for skeletal purposes. Some of the big females are much darker and with more pronounced spots than the others. When disturbed they bark, and sometimes emit a sort of gurgling sound which is generally accompanied by foaming at the mouth. No males have been seen since the females have started pupping. All the females that we have seen with young or about to become mothers have been always on ice close to land. The little bay north of Point Martin seems a favourite place for them when with young. Three black-backed gulls, two nellies and two snowy petrels were seen to-day. Sept. 9th. Two orange star-fish and one cushion-star were in the dredge. The Giesbrecht net was hauled up ; contents nil. Lifted the three seals' skeletons from a hole where they had been for more than fifteen days, and lowered them down in the hole cut for the Giesbrecht net. There were two fishes (NototJienia) and a large number of amphipods on the carcases, though they had not made much impression on them. A snowy petrel, a nelly and a shag were reported as having been seen. Sept, 10th. A few pycnogons and a star-fish were in the dredge. Went out in the afternoon to look at two seals' skeletons which were lowered down in a hole near " Sounding rock." Caught a big fish ( Notothenia), weight 1 lb., and a very small one SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XVI. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. (Flat* tt W. 8. 48. Weddell Seal (Lt^onyrkuttt /<*//,) and Ncwly-bom Young. Scotia Bay, South Orkney*. [I'keto I? IT. 5. flrwr. 49. Wcddrll Seal and Young, about two or three dayi old, Scotia Bay. South Orkney*. (lk<* 6y W. S. Bntt. 60. Young Weddell Seal, one day old. 61. Young Weddell Seal, two dayi old. WINTKK gr\KIKi:>. -n.m im 1W3 43 which looked like a miniature \<>t<>t/ .\mil < ii-lii-.n-stant and many am phi pods were nl>< i on the caroaaen. Went out to point Davis and had a look at the We(. \3th. The same birds seen as yesterday. The seal is getting more sociable and likes to be petted. Pine rigged up a feeding bottle, which, however, baby seal does not understand. Sept. 1 4th. The baby seal has at last taken to the bottle. She (the baby is a female) took about a pint of milk, and does not cry so much. Her crying is sometimes very like a human baby's. More gentoo penguins arrived on The Beach from the north. Snowy petrels, black-backed gulls and two shags were seen. Sept. 15th. I was too premature in writing yesterday that the seal took to the bottle ; she sucked at it for a very little time, and to-day refused the bottle altogether, so milk was poured down her throat. Pirie, from a boat in Uruguay Cove, shot three shags and a black-backed gull. The shags were in splendid condition and had a far better plumage than in the autumn. The cere was very prominent, colour cadmion ; round the eye there was a patch of cobalt colour. A tuft of feathers ornamented the crest of the bird ; the colour of its feet and legs were light scarlet. The artist made a very good painting of its head. The black-backed gull had, besides the yellow of its lower jaw, a patch of crimson on either side ; the gape was also tinged with crimson. Numerous snowy petrels, black- backed gulls, one in its young or mottled plumage, shags, four nellies and two gentoo penguins were seen. In the afternoon I shot two shags. A Weddell seal was also seen in Uruguay Cove close in-shore. Limpets and yellow star-fish were seen on the sea- bottom and one pycnogon frozen in the pan-cake ice. Sept. 16th. Hauled up the trap from the hole on the port bow, depth 11 fathoms. In it were four fish (Notothenia), 125 cushion-stars and an isopod. Also hauled up the 1 At this time we were attempting to blast and cut canal through the floe to the open water beyond, hoping to liberate the ship. 44 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA seals' skeletons from the hole where the Giesbrecht net was lowered, depth 14 fathoms. Several amphipods were 011 the carcases. Snowy petrels and four black-backed gulls were seen. Baby seal's umbilical cord came off to-day. Sept. 17th. Only one nelly and a gentoo penguin were seen. Mossman saw two penguins on the ice in Jessie Bay. The baby seal still refuses to take food freely. Sept. 18th. Two or three black-backed gulls and a few snowy petrels were seen to-day. The baby seal still refuses food, so we filled a football bladder with milk and by means of a tube poured the milk straight into its stomach. Sept. 19th. Nellies, snowy petrels, black-backed gulls, two penguins (too far off to distinguish species) and two shags were seen during the forenoon. In the afternoon the weather became misty. We feed the seal by means of the football bladder three times a day ; each meal consists of f -pint unsweetened milk. Sept. 20th. Nellies, snowy petrels and black-backed gulls were seen many times during the day. The baby seal was seized with convulsions before breakfast this morning, and by 8 P.M. she was dead. Brown, Mossman and I went out this afternoon towards the penguin rookery at Point Martin to have a look at the seals with their young. Near the point on which the rookery is situated we saw about a dozen seals, nine with young ones. One had just given birth, and while we were looking at it, the placenta came away, which Brown secured and brought to the ship. None of the mothers tried to kill or injure their young ones on our near approach, though in one or two cases they tried to drive us away. Some of the young ones were evidently two or three weeks old, others about as many days, and one was just born, the colour of which was dark, and the length about 2 feet 6 inches. We saw one youngster much lighter in colour than the others. Three of the seals we saw were without young ; from two of them I believe we had already taken their young, whilst the third seemed about to give birth. All these seals were Leptonychotes weddelli, and in this case, as on previous occasions, we did not see any males. Sept. 21st. Round about Delta Island saw over two dozen Weddell seals, of which number one was a male, lying about 100 yards distant from the females. The rest were all females, and as far as we could see every one had a young one with it ; some of the youngsters were much older than the others. We also noticed the two different colours of the young ones some of a lighter colour, others darker. Only one of the mothers tried to damage its young on our approach ; we, however, instantly moved off, fearing for the cub's life, and did not go near the mother who was immediately appeased. The other mothers greeted us with the characteristic Weddell seal's bark and the peculiar noise which they make when anyone goes near them. They also attempted to drive us away, failing which they moved off for a little distance. I noticed one little one lying asleep with its nose and half its head buried in the snow. Several snap-shots were taken of the seals. We also saw about six more Weddell seals in Mill Cove and at Cape Nan Anderson, \\INTKR QUARTERS, SCOTIA BAY. 1.' 45 one of which was a male. Three paddie- umn,L r -t tin- seals round Delta Island, feeding mi thru c\c reineiit, and, pmliaKlv, placentae ; they approach quite close to the seals ami evidentlv ilu scavenger work. Mr Hniee and I saw an alnu.M white Mack hacked gull ; tin- colour <>f it- \\inu- "ii tin- upper surface was much lighter than is usually the ease with these gulls. Some nellie- and a good many snowy petrels were also observed ; one nf tin 1 former appran-d to be quite white. A party went oft'to l >( >ii>t Martin to capture a younj,' seal with its mother. Tin- vi mug, pupped yesterday, was captured, but its mother, though wounded, escaped down an unnoticed seal-hole, despite the determined hold Fitehie had of her tail and hind Hippi-rs. One was then killed who appeared to be pregnant, but, on being cut up, no young was found. It must have been one of these previously robbed and who had since changed her position. It was noticed that on both occasions the first impulse of the \Muuidcd seal was to make for its nearest neighbour, who at once put herself in front of h.r young. The two mothers met, reared up and snarled at one another, and then separated without coming to actual blows. In hoth case- this liap]K'iien t hi- p- -ini . Two paddies were also seen in Buchan Bay feeding on excrement. Birds seen were many gulls, nellies, snowies and two paddies. 'During the absence of It. \V. Wilton with a sledge party, this log was kept by R. N. Rudmose Brown until October 12th. 46 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA Sept. 23rd. A strong easterly and south-easterly blizzard all clay. No birds seen. Sept. 24th. While surveying around Cape Burn-Murdoch, saw many Weddell seals, of which most had young. No males were seen nor any young without mothers. It was noticeable that the head of the Weddell seal varies somewhat in shape, and though usually blunt in front, in some specimens is more prolonged, and in these cases the head bears some resemblance to that of Lobodon carcinophaga. A mother seal was killed to- day and its young captured alive. The brain of the adult has been taken out and pre- served. The young seal is much whiter than the majority of the other pups. Numerous gulls and snowy petrels were seen and two or three nellies. Sept. 25th. Northerly wind and snow. Snowy petrels seen to-day. Sept. 26th. Heavy snowfall and southerly wind to-day. Snowy petrels seen. The young seal is still alive but refuses to suck, although the cook forces him to take some nourishment by pouring it down his throat. Sept. 27th. Gravill and I went out to look at the seals and young this forenoon. The young seem to prefer to lie to leeward of their mothers, though it can hardly be said that even at birth they seem to feel the cold. The young apparently use their fore- flippers far more than the adult, and often we have seen a pup who appeared to be scratching his head with his hand, or else simply playing. From measurement of young and adult it is noticeable that the fore-flippers of the former are almost the size of the latter, while the hind-flippers of the former are much smaller than these of the latter. Walker saw a seal pupping on Thursday. He says it took about ten minutes, and that the mother roared almost continually during it. The umbilical cord was severed by the young seal breaking it during birth ; it was not bitten through by the mother. Snowies and black-backed gulls seen to-day. Sept. 28th. Snowies, black-backed gulls and several nellies were seen to-day. The young seal on board is prospering and getting quite strong and energetic. The cook feeds him regularly at frequent intervals with porridge, though it has to be poured down his throat. He spends much of his time on the floe and frequently travels round the ship. Sept. 29th. Birds seen were snowy petrels, black-backed gulls and nellies. Sept. 30th. Snowy petrels were seen and also a nelly which several times alighted near the ship, attracted doubtless by the cran of a seal there. Oct. 1st. Snowy petrels seen to-day and also a Cape pigeon which settled on the floe near the ship for some time. The baby seal continues to thrive. He lives chiefly on the floe now, and is getting quite used to being handled, which he no longer resents. He now recognises the cook who generally feeds him. Oct. 2nd. Snowies and a black- backed gull seen. Young seal apparently in good health. Oct. 3rd. Gulls, nellies and two or three paddies seen to-day, the latter in the vicinity of the seals at the mouth of the bay. Saw many seals, practically all with pups, between Capes Martin and Burn-Murdoch. There was only one which possibly had not \\INTKK yi \i:ii;i:-. >. .,ii\ u.\v 1903 IT yet pup|>ed. Tin- pup- iiiv I.. -inning U) take the water. I saw one go down a seal hole and remain in tin- water - \, r.il minute-, l.ui \i-il. le all the time, and occasionally putting it- no-e u]> to luvat he. On coming up it moved toward- it- mother, who -li-i-piii.u' " tew yard- away, and she greeted it atle.-t innately with a ruli of lier nose. The woolU "-at was -till on the pup and showed no signs of coming oft' yet. Many of the pu; to U- seen |>Ia\ m.u \\itli the mother, the pup using mostly its fore-flippers, tin- mot her ii-ini: eliietly her head, hut no attempted destruction of young or any approaeh to it could U- seen in any ease. We saw two pups left by their mothers who \\ ere proliaMv a\\ay fishing. The pups were asleep, but one appeared to be teething, and on waking up began to rub its gums repeatedly on the hard snow. Two gentoos eaptured coming from the south ward. Oct. 4th. Snowy petrels and gulls seen to-day. Oct. 5th. Snowy petrels and gulls were the only birds seen to-day. The captain saw a seal on the floe half way to Point Davis near an old trap-hole ; but as it was seen from the mast-head, the sex could hardly be determined ; no young was visible. The trap in 13 fathoms on the port bow was raised and contained two fish, one but-kie, two isopods, 156 cushion-stars and about twelve amphipods, one of which had four arms. A seal skeleton down a week was hauled up this afternoon. On it were eighteen cushion -stars, one of which had an arm undeveloped, and three fishes. The baby seal, having died, was skinned and the brain removed and preserved, but the latter was very soft and is not in good condition. Oct. 6th. Snowies, black-backed gulls and a nelly were seen to-day. Oct. 7th. There is open water to the south and the penguins are arriving in the bay. 1 spent the day round about Point Martin surveying, and found over forty black- throated penguins about there, some in flocks and some singly. Most of them were climbing up the rocks into old rookeries as if they had come to stay. They were all plump and in very fine condition. They travelled quickly from the water to the rookeries, and I saw two different flocks moving on their bellies at full speed. The seals seemed disinclined to meddle with them, and even one thrown at a seal was untouched, although it stood afterwards for several minutes within a few feet and easy reach of the seal. We then put it down a seal hole and drove the seal in after it. The seal did not reappear while we were there but the penguin soon came on to the ice again. 1 The seals have apparently all pupped now and the young are growing quickly. We saw two males on the ice, and they showed the wonted laziness and good nature of the Weddell seal, never showing any resentment at being worried and proded with sticks. One of these males was at an old trap-hole, some 300 yards from the land, and near him was a dead black-throated penguin, picked almost clean by the gulls. The head was 100 yards from the body, and from the uninjured condition of the skeleton the penguin can hardly have been killed by the seal. Unless he met his death from -il>ly -erimis doubts an to the desirability of the phu-e. t'.r ne-tini;. The adelia- \\.-ie nearly all aetively .-..lleetin^ stones or resting from their lalM.in-. -leepin-: near their little heap-, eitln-r upright or pnine. S>me were very in-live and mi\ed over t.-n vard- at tune- in -eaivh of a ^IMN) -t<>ne tn return with; they thmw the -tone- down in a heap in \m ap|mrent onler. Thie\ in-j wa- U-iiij^ ertrritnl on .-i\elv Tin- inteiidiiiL: thief moved toward- a heap the owner of which was away or not looking, anil if he -jiw hi- <-hain-e picked up a -tone and returned with it; but if the owner turned and -jutted the thief a]|oaeliin<_'. the intending culprit walked innocentlv bv a> if nothing \\a- further from his intentions than stealing a stone. If a thief was caught, the owner Lit at him viciously and thus warned him off for the occasion, but as -oon as an oj)jxirtnnity again presented it.self he returned once more on thieving U-nt. I noticeil -everal adelias eating snow in large i|iiantities. In addition, -nowi.-. gulls and nellies were seen. The mate saw a paddy at Ail-a Craig. Oct. \'2th. 1 vi-itcd the -mall ]M>nguin nxikery and watched the birds at their work of -tone i ..lie. tiiiL'. which was being actively pursued. Thieving was going on wholesale hut never iv-ulted in a right ; a vicious snarl was enough to frighten away the thief. Mossman ami the captain visited the large rookery and found hundreds of birds, chiefly black -throated, hut a- it wa- late in the day nearly all were roosting. (Jull-, nellie- and -nowie- al-o n. Young -<-al- alnio-t all taking the water. Oct. 13th. Snowies, black-hacked ^ull-. nellie-. ^nito.. ami adelia penguinx were seen. Johnnie Smith rejort- that three ..r four jiaii-s of black-backwl gulls have started m-ting ashore opposite the shij. low down on the crags. The -m.wies also seem to lie iie-tinir bv the noise ami hubbub they are making, which they keep up all day and ni_dit. This afternoon some of u- went out to the -mall jH-nL'uin rookery for |M-nguin>. Ixith for culinarv and taxiderinic purjH -. There were only three jwiir- "I .j.-nt'"-. the weight- and nica-un-im-nt- of whi<-h were duly entered in the liinl-lHMik. 'I hey -till seem to IM- at the ne-tini; and -t.-alin-j -tae. They paid no heed to our -.laughter except t help them-.-|\.-- t.. the -tone- of the one- which \\e -lew. Nuim-roii- Imnd- of jM-ngiiiii- ti..m tin- i..k.'iy to the .|>eii \\ater northwanls a 50 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA early in the morning, returning in small bands during the day. No skuas have put in an appearance yet, nor have we seen any shags near the ship, no doubt due to the lack of open water. ,- Oct. \4:th. This forenoon a party of us set out for the large penguin rookery to try and get some gentoo penguins. All available places are crowded with penguins, chiefly adelias, only to be numbered by thousands, and as high up as 150 feet above high-water mark. The penguins are still arriving at the rookery in a steady stream, and all the small islets are covered with them. We got two black-throated ones, and seventeen gentoos. There were very few gentoos, but they seemed to have paired off and settled on the rookery. One of the adelias was an immature bird, the throat not yet being black below the gonys, except for a few feathers. Most of them have their nests built, and are engaged in pilfering. Some were treading. While I was killing a black-throated penguin, its mate made a gallant sortie from the nest and attacked me, and was only driven oft' after many brave but fruitless charges on my sea-boots. While sledging the dead, or apparently dead, up to the ship, one of them, a gentoo, got up and scuttled away. Snowies, nellies and black-backed gulls. No sign of skuas yet. There are several paddies scattered throughout the penguins, but they apparently are not yet " married." Only a few seals seem now to be staying with their mothers ; most have " shoved off on their own." Oct. 15th. Snowies and a nelly are reported by Mossman. Nobody has been out at the rookeries. Zoologically it has been a very quiet day. Oct. 16th. Went out to the penguin rookeries on the west side of the bay to see if we could get any eggs ; the birds had not commenced to lay. On the way back saw two Weddell seals, both males, fast asleep on the ice. Several snowy petrels, black- backed gulls and nellies were seen. Oct. 17th. A. misty day; remained on board all day. Did not see any birds; heard some snowy petrels about the cliffs. Oct. 19th. A party, consisting of Brown, Pirie and several others, went out to the penguin rookery to get some penguins for phonographic records. Brown says that as usual, the gentoos, on the approach of the party, were much alarmed, and a body of them left the rookery, whilst the adelias, on the other hand, stayed and showed no concern, unless one walked amongst them, when they did not run, but shrieked defiance. The gentoo's courtship, Brown describes as being very similar to that of the adelia, but in this, as in all their other actions, they are less energetic. When braying, the gentoos assume the same position as an emperor penguin, namely, they stand erect with their heads well back, beaks pointing upwards, and flippers stretched from their sides. Their cry, as that of the emperor, somewhat resembles the bray of a donkey. The gentoo sometimes assumes the same attitude, and apparently indulges in a deep yawn without emitting any sound. The adelias have not yet been observed to have this habit. WINTKK gr\i: n.!>. s< rtini: llie W Imle Weight nf thell l>n.|le-nn their Hip|M-|-. I saw a -kua. the tir-t ...... . I l>elie\e. ~.-i-n tin- -ea-nn in S-ntia Bay. I'm.- -aw a black - Iwiekcd null'- ne-t. e.in-i-tini: eliieth "f earthy matter. built within ca-y ili-tanee of the elitl-. Simwv petrel-, nellie- ami ]Mtn. The captain saw a skua. Several snowies, nellies, including a white nnc. and lihiek-bac-ked gulls almiit. Two Wcddell si-als are reported tn have lii-eii -een <>ii the Hoe near Delta Island, a male and female together, court- ing; the male a p| tea red tn IK- bitten in several places. Many seals were also seen by 1'nie nil heha 1-hnnl. al-n -nine black -I nicked gulls' nests near Point Davis which were made of earthy matter, lichens and mosses, penguin feathers and limpet shells. Oct. 22nd. Davidson went with a party to serure two seals for museum specimens. They got a eouple of Weddell seals off Delta Island, a male ami a female, and saw- many others. The male was of no use for a skin, as it was Imdly scarred, Ix-sides having it- lower jaw broken. The males are evidently fighting amongst themselves, and this appear- ti IK> their rutting season. A female with its young was also secured in I'ruguay COM-. A tern, snowies, black-tacked gulls, nellies and penguins were also -cell. Oct. _':{/-/. Cape pigeon-, -imwie-. black-backed gulls, a skua and nellies were alxiut the -hip. The latter Hew quite close to the ship, and alighted on the midden-heap, where then- i- -nine -eal - hluhlier and meat. They also damaged a very handsomely marked skin of a young Weddell seal, which Pirie had shot in Uruguay Cove, by picking ofl' the skin almut the ey. Oct. 24th. Brown went t> the near jH-nguin rookery to look for eggs; he did not find any, however, though a careful search was made. The young seal which was captured two days ago has escaped. Paddie-. skuas, black-booked gulls and nellies have been reported to-day. <>'. -25th. \ skua and two paddie- were -Imt M-day. Blaek-hai-kcd gulls and nellie- have also been seen. Murray said that he -aw Cape pi^enn-' ne-t- mi the rlirl- on the North lica. h. Oct. -HMh. Two tern- were shot by Pirie <>H 1'nint Davi-. Ab-mt -ix -kuas, as well nil <:ull- and nellie-. wen- -een. Paddie- ha\ e retnrneil t" the -hip: they are also pre-ent ainon<.'-t the |H-n.<.'uin- nil the rinkerie-. Nn pi-ni:iiin- e^'-j- yet. 52 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA Brown found the gentoos nesting ; their nests are larger than those of the adelias, and they not only contain more stones, but also old tail feathers and a few bones. The adelias were seen scooping out holes in their stone heaps, as if preparatory to laying. Oct. 27th. Paddies, nellies, black-backed gulls, snowy petrels, skuas and black- throated penguins have been seen. No one has been out much, and these birds were seen from the ship and the house on shore. Oct. 28th. Mr Bruce paid a visit to the nearer penguin rookery ; no eggs yet. The gentoos were also nesting there. He also saw a gull's nest. Nellies, including a white one, black-backed gulls, snowy petrels and paddies have been seen. A batch of penguins was observed on the floe near to the house. Pirie described the tern's nest as being mostly composed of limpet shells. Mr Bruce and I each shot a skua. Oct. 29th. Mr Bruce got the first (black-throated) penguin's egg this morning from the small penguin rookery, and about a dozen were got in the afternoon by Brown and Pirie from the other rookeries. These are the first eggs that the penguins have laid, and they were only to be secured after a careful search through the rookeries. A Cape pigeon, paddies, penguins, black-backed gulls, nellies and snowy petrels were seen during the day. A batch of about twenty penguins was seen moving towards the North Beach about 4.30 P.M., all going in Indian file, and paddling along the snow on their breasts and bellies, by means of their feet and flippers. Davidson shot three seals, one female and two males, about two months old, all Weddells. Brown found several specimens of a small acariuid among the moss on the slopes of Mossmau Peninsula. Oct. 30th. A number of eggs were secured from the penguin rookeries. Usual birds seen. Oct. 3lst. 1903. 1 This morning 709 eggs of the adelia penguin were gathered at the large penguin rookery, but the majority of birds have not laid yet. In four cases I saw two eggs in a nest, and a like number was seen in three other nests. Most of the eggs were very dirty ; generally speaking, only the new-laid ones are clean. As a rule, the birds lie down on their eggs and defend them valiantly, but some more timid ones retreat and leave their eggs to their fate. Skuas were seen hovering incessantly over the rookery, about three to ten feet above the birds, or at times sitting still on some high position or outstanding rock near by. The penguins scream defiantly when the skuas approach too near. I saw a skua making off with a whole egg in his mouth, and he refused to drop it, even on my chasing him, before he took to wing. The gentoos have not yet laid, and are as timid as ever. Paddies also seen about the rookery. In the afternoon, Johnnie Smith brought in a penguin whose leg had been broken 1 During the absence "of D. W. Wilton en a sledge expedition this log was kept by E. N. Rudmose Brown until Nov. 26th. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XVI II. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. [fkftt hi H: S. Una. 54. Ringed Penguins (I'yyotetli* Anbirclira) Courting. Point Thomson, South Orkneys. 57. Ringed Penguins Mating. Point Thomson. South Orkneys. OP THE \\IMKKgf.\HTKHS, SO>TIA 1M V ;">:; 53 and had set Again in a eimou- fa-hion, \\itli tin- n-ele foot turned lower -ide upin< attached to tlif -i'l- <>t" tin- ley. A -lia-j \\a~ al-u cauyht at tin- o|>en water near 1'i'int Martin, anil it di-joi-yed - -mall ti-li when -truck. Macken/.ic killed a skua, with a .-tick in tin- afternoon. \ \ .outherly i;ale. Skua-, paddie- ami |>.-ii'_:iiin- seen. Three |mddie-< -hut. (lull- and -iinwy pctivl- wheel ince ant ly alum! t he cliff-, the latter, us u rule, hJL;li up. Bodic- nt' penguin-, both alelin and gcntoo. pa lietwcen the rookeries and their feeding roimd- in .le ie Bay, ami nellie- ami skua- pa-s by occasionally, the nellie- -till attraeted l>y liliililier and carrion, Imt the skuas more intent on hovering' n\er |M-n^uin rookcrie- in -eaivh of ci:.-. Al>out :i()(o c^- (actual total Ml 45) l>rought in tn-dav tiniii the hirye rmikery by all hands. Several nests with two eggs in eucli. A shav and a tern -eeii n\ei .le ie Bay in the ai'trnioon. One gen too egg \va.s found at the lart.'' 1 riM.keiy, I. ut -n near ill apiH-araiice dn they approach to the adelia eggs, tliat, U-inii put in the -aim- Ka-ket. it wa- ini]Hi ilile to definitely pick it out when the eggs came alxiard. .l>hnnie Snntli -aw a ringed penguin (PygotCtKt -a) at the big r the I>IH-H water, returning alnnit noon and all through the afternoon. A great many gent""- pa ed the Imn-e. travelling south this morning; by their numbers they would appear to he new arrivals. Snow v petrels are circling alniut high up on the face of the cliffs. Skuas and black-harked jrull- are to I.e -een anmnd the ship and the house whenever there is any carrion. There wa- al-o a white nelly this morning by the house. A large flock ot -everal hundred shags Hew northward. At Point Davis I saw many gulls either wheelmi; overhead or -ettlinir in pair- on the snow. Terns were also pairing, but I found no ne-t-. \ Weddell -eal in I'ruguay Cove. \ I//*.- The l>ird- -ecu were adelia and gentoo penguins, but fewer, since Jessie Bay and Uruguay Cove are very full of ice. Nellie-, skuas, terns, gulls, paddies and -nowies. Skuas are becoming very nunierou-. .Yr .">//,. .Ie ie Bay and I'ruguay Cove ojx-n again, and several Ixidies of penguins ei-o ed oxer from the rookeries in the morning, and returned in the aftenicxni. I went to the small rookery ' in the afternoon and marked several eggs, which appeared new-laid, with the date. More jjentoos have arrived there, and occupied some of the low-lying ground. A- u-ual. they ran when I came near them, but returned as soon as I had | Missed ; in the meantime I had put an adelia egg in a gentoo nest. The oxvner of the ne-t returned, and looked at the egg .-ii-piciou-ly. -nitfed it 1 ThU small rookery, the nearest to the ship, is on a rocky islet, off the " Half -moon " glacier, named Theodolite Point. On NOT. 8th all eggs were cleared away, and, after that date, eggs were marked daily, and embryo* taken with a view to obtaining a complete series for a study of the development of the gentoo penguin. 54 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA several times, and ultimately sat beside the nest, not on it. A skua, who swooped down to pick up the egg, was evidently recognised as an enemy under any conditions, and all the birds near combined in frightening him away. No gentoo eggs are yet to be found at the small rookery. This rookery is now preserved, and no one is allowed to kill birds or to gather eggs there. Skuas, gulls, snowy petrels and nellies seen to-day. Cape pigeons at their nests at the south-west corner of the North Beach. Ten skuas shot near the house in the evening where they come to feed on penguin " crans " and other carrion. Nov. 6th. Skuas very common around the house. Gulls and paddies also, feeding on what they could find. A large light-grey nelly was shot on The Beach. A flock of shags flew northward about 5 A.M. All hands were at the large penguin rookery this afternoon, and brought back 2140 adelia eggs, and 36 gentoo eggs. The eggs of the gentoo are, on the whole, whiter and more round than those of the adelia, yet, so alike are the two, that it is very difficult to distinguish them. Gentoos only lay one egg in a nest. 1 Three were found in one adelia nest. Very few penguins went to Uruguay Cove this morning. Mossman saw a flock of gentoos arrive at the edge of the bay from the south. On finding the bay full of ice, they gave expression to their disappointment in several loud brays, and then returned. The returning party met a small flock on their way north ; both stopped for a seeming interchange of compliments, and then went on their way. I saw the same thing later on, but two of the returning gentoos deserted their comrades, and joined the flock moving north. Nov. 7th. Skuas very plentiful, both near the house and ship, as well as at the rookery. Gulls, snowy petrels, paddies and terns also seen, and one nelly. Four specimens of the ringed penguin secured to-day ; one pair is said to have taken their place on the big rookery and several others have been seen on the floe, but, as yet, they have not come in any great numbers. The gentoo eggs are most characteristic as regards their yolk, which is a rich orange-red, almost a vermilion. A flock of shags passed north early this morning. Nov. 8th. Snowy petrels and gulls about the cliffs. Cape pigeons on their nests, but no eggs yet. Skuas very plentiful, two terns, and a nelly, also some paddies at the rookery. Six ringed penguins on the North Beach early this morning, and one at the big rookery. The North Beach was clear all day, but comparatively few penguins left the rookeries to fish. Most of these who did pass were gentoos, who are not yet so busy with their eggs as the adelias are. Gravill and I went to the small rookery in the afternoon and cleared all the eggs away from the easternmost rocks of it, and also all the gentoo eggs in the rookery. The gentoo eggs from the big rookery were all taken, this morning. At the small rookery, where the penguins have been left undisturbed for 1 The gentoos frequently only lay one egg, though often two, but never three. \\IMKI: i.ir\i:iKi>. x..n\ i!\v. some time, practically . -\<-\\ ne-t ha- i\v.i e^- now : tin- -eem- t.. IK- the normal miliiliei lanl. Nor. ;///. Ringed |ieirjmii- are !(.. mill" more plentiful, and alxait ten were killed in tin- .\riim- Miman -aw three in tlir morning on the North Beach, who did nut a|>|M-ar in tin- least afraid of him. until - create a panic ai u the ringed, who at once joined the gentoos in then tliLilit. I in. t a ringed mi 'I la- Beach in the forenoon, and lie seemed even more courageous than tin- adrlias, for, not content with facing me defiantly, he charged me, and tagan a determined attack on my legs. This performance he repeated several times, after I had worried him with a stick on each occasion. Ultimately a harder blow sent him scuttling off on his belly. The ringed appear to be far more reluctant to travel in this position than the adelias, and, unlike the adclias, they propel themselves with both flippers simultaneously and not alternately. I visited the small rookeries, and marked with the date these eggs laid since yesterday in the restricted area. An adelia egg which 1 put in a gentoo nest the other day was cold, and the gentoo sat l-i< ! it and refused to sit on it. To-day (Nov. 9th) the gentoo is sitting on it. Skuas plentiful, two grey nellies near the house, a small Hock of shags over Jessie Bay, many gulls and snowy petrels. The Cape pigeons have not laid yet. Paddies also seen. The small trap on the port bow which has been down about a month was taken up to-day and contained 89 cushion -stars and one fish of the ordinary kind (14 ounces, 12 inches). .Yr. 10th. Skuas, nellies and gulls seen. Terns at Point Davis. I visited the -mall rookery and marked the new-laid eggs in the reserved area. Some of the gentoos are In-coming <|iiitc courageous, and in several cases I had forcibly to remove th. hird from it- nest before I could get at the egg. One gentoo nest had two eggs. All hand- were at the big rookery collect ing egga 1950 adelia, 134 gentoo. They., saw one jwir of ringed penguins there, but no gentoos. The captain was at Delta l-Iand and saw about 100 ringed penguin- there, but no gentoos. Very few penguins on The Beach or Hoe to-day. North-west wind, and Jessie Bay full of ice. Many seals of about two months and a few adults at Delta Island, all of them Weddells. Not\ l\th. Very few penguins passed the ship but I saw numbers of them going to the open water to the south. A few ringed on the big rookery. I visited the small rookery and marked eggs; the skuas have been making a raid on the gentoo eggft in me part of the rookery aw there were fewer there than yc-t.-iday. Some of the gentoos an- liccomiiig ,piit<> courageous; one even offered to bite me a most unusual proceed- ing for the gentoo. Skua- plentiful; two shot near the house and a haff-blind one captured alive near the ship. He was tame enough on deck, but his blindm may account for that. Gulls much less common of late they must be nesting. Two nellies and a few ]mddies seen. Snowies circling around high up >n the cliffs, giving 56 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA vent continually to their " kaa-kaa." Cape pigeons have not yet laid. A dark stormy petrel was seen to-day both near the ship and up the glacier. It was very like Wilson's petrel (Oceanites oceanicus). Wilton and Macdougall, who came in from the camp ' to fetch a few things, brought stories of countless shags' eggs, of huge nellies' eggs, and of Cape pigeons nesting in legion. Nov. 12th. North-westerly wind and driving snow. No penguins observed on the floe, but numbers could be seen from aloft going to the open water to the south, which is gradually getting nearer. Skuas more numerous than ever. Many of them, when sitting around their carrion feast, indulge in a curious habit ; they open their wings backward to their full extent until they touch at the tips but make no attempt to fly ; for some seconds they keep them in this position giving vent at same time to their shrill cry of " keh-keh ! " They then lower them and continue their meal. At times this seems to be done with intent to scare away an intruding skua but it may on the other hand be related to sexual selection. One nelly seen coming from the north ; nellies are now scarce for they are busy breeding. (The boat party have found two breeding-places in Brown's Bay.) One or two gulls seen and some snowy petrels. Nov. 13th. Blowing from W.N.W. with snow. I visited the small rookery and marked the new eggs except these which were too dirty to write on, and which I brought back all gentoos. Gentoo eggs of 9th and 10th have all got a second egg laid beside the first. (NOTE. Eggs dated 13th may be 12th or 13th, as I could not visit the rookery yesterday.) The gentoos are getting less timid. A few penguins going to the water in the south but none going to the north. Skuas about the ship in numbers. A few gulls seen. Johnnie Smith was out at the camp at Point Thomson and brought in a nelly's egg .and six shags' eggs. The nelly's egg is 10'3 inches by 6'5 inches, and 8^ ounces. Three seals, one at least an adult, just beyond the big penguin rookery. Nov. 14th. Snow all day and very misty. Skuas at the carrion heap, also black- backed gulls and three nellies. Snowy petrels and paddies seen about the rookery. About 100 ringed penguins are nesting on the big rookery but none on the small one. Many penguins going to the water in the south to feed. I marked eggs at the small rookery as usual. Nests where first egg was laid on the llth have now a second egg. I found one gentoo egg entirely without a shell but the bird sat on it like an ordinary egg' To-day the adelias were continually shaking themselves of the snow and wet on their coats, and their way of doing it is exactly like a dog's. About 100 ringed penguins were found nesting on the big rookery scattered here and there among the others. 200 gentoo eggs and three terns' eggs were brought back from a nest a little beyond the rookery. The tern's egg is olive green with irregular grey and brown spots all over it. Tern's egg 1'3 inches by 17 inches. Weight, 0'9 ounces. 1 This camp was on Point Thomson in Brown's Bay. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XIX. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. 58. AnUrctic Skua* (Mryalatra aitiaretietu) Fighting on The Beach, Scotia Bay. IT. S. 59. Antarctic Skua Flying. MarUoujfall IUy. South Orkneys. (ro(o l J. H. II. rirlt. 60. Antarctic Skua on Net. Mossman Peninsula, South Orkneys. (/'ofo LI J. It. II. rtrU. 61. The White-rumped Tern (Sltrtut hirundituu-m) at Point DarU. S. Orkney*. \\1MKR QUARTERS, SCOTIA BAY. 1903 57 A r or. l.VA. I marked the ne\\ laid .-ug.. 'it tin- -1111111 rook, i I. _* -\\ f tin- l.'ttli al-<> liuvr. nt"" i- sitting "ii fmir egg-, Iw " "' which ' I'" 1 '"'" ''- '"-' Tlir -kua- an- playini: r-at IKIM..-. particularly ainoii" tin- ncntoo-. and many neat* IUIM- l-t cu_'- -iii'-- ye-tcrda\. .1. ie Kay and I'm^nay < '<>ve are open a-jain. and iii.inx penguin- arc truvcllim.: in and fro L-t \\cen the water and the sinnll rookery. A few ringed ]>ciiL r uiii- alxiiit tin- HM-. Tlirri- more terns' eggs were obtained near the hig rook'-rx . and I ^<>t two gulls' eggs at Point Davis. The gulls' nests are of lichen and moss on any Hat OJK I II rock ; none of them were more than twenty feet above sea-level. Tli. ' -- i- \i-r\ like the tern's in colour and shape but browner, and some three to four tinii- a- large. There was one egg in each nest. The gulls Hew away on my approach and settled on a near snow-hill until 1 left. (None. Kggs were probably obtained there yesterday by a meinl>er of the crew, which makes the date of gull's first laying not later than Nov. 1 4th.) Terns an- building at the same point, but have not laid v-t. (MI!!'- rim. : ' inchr- by 1 '!J inches, and 3 ounces in weight. Skua- MTV niiiiKToii-. jMiitii-ularly near the ship and on the North Beach. A few nellic- al-o -ecu. 'I dn-, -nowies and jwuldies. I'irir found a paddy'- nest near the big rookery, but no eggs. There are also Cape pigc'in- nc-t ing there as well a.s a pair of Wilson's petrels. Several young seals near the big rookery and two adults at Point Davis. Two much scarred adult Ijottodoiut seen near the big rookery. A r oi'. 16th. A nelly shot at the house and several others seen during the day. < )ver twenty skuas at the ship and about eight black-lmcked gulls as well as several paddic-. Terns and snowy petrels also seen. Adelia, gentoo and ringed penguins on the Hoc, particularly gentoo. I visited the small rookery as usual. Many of the gentoo nc-t- an- alino-t -nowcd up except for the space kept clear by the heat of the bird's body. T\v> \ tlnvc nc-t- more exposed than the others are completely snowed up, and the gentoo- In-longing to them arc homeless. The sledge sent to the camp with provisions this morning returned with Cape pigeons, snowy petrels and ringed penguin- for skeletons, and some specimens from Macdougall Bay and Brown's Hay. including a compound a-cidi.-m and a small crab. Nor. 17th. Skuas in munlx-i-, a few nellie- and gulls, and three or four paddies alx>ut the ship. A few terns seen. Got two terns' eggs beyond the big rookery and al-o a gull's egg which, however, was unfortunately broken. I visited the small rookery and marked the new-laid eggs. Birds who laid their first egg on the 13th, and most of those who did so on the 14th, have now a second egg. Many empty egg-shells lying about tell the story of the skuas' raids. At the big rookery I saw a skua swoop down within three feet of me and seize an uncovered egg and Hy oH' with it. II. -tiled down some twenty yards ofl', put down the egg, cracked it with a bite and -ii'-ked out the content-. Meantime a -econd skua, probably his mate, -at by and looked on a- if waiting her chance for a taste. Paddies too seen in various places on H 58 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA the rookery sitting on prominent rocks, doubtless on the look-out for dead penguins or broken eggs. Several of these paddies allowed me to get within six feet of them with- out showing any concern, and even then they only walked away ; they seemed to be very unwilling to fly. One paddy would only run when I had shoved him with my stick. Several penguins of all three kinds seen travelling on the floe at different times of the day. A dead baby seal was found beyond the big rookery, probably two or three days old. Its brain especially had been eaten by nellies. Nov. 18th. Jessie Bay and Uruguay Cove open again with a southerly wind, and many penguins on the floe. In the main, they seem to go to the water in the early morning and return in evening, but parties of them come and go in addition at all times of the day. Stragglers and couples are often to be seen, but more generally they travel in flocks of six or eight, or thirty or forty, and these flocks may be all of one species, or two or even three species will be found together. At the small rookery the nests which have a new-laid egg had their first egg on the 15th. The gentoos are daily becoming more courageous, and every day a larger number have to be removed from their nests to enable me to get at their eggs. 1 noticed a ringed penguin to-night, when pursued by the cook, moving along by a series of short quick jumps instead of scuttling on its belly, as is their more usual custom. The usual skuas, gulls, snowies, paddies and terns were seen, and also one nelly. No nests, other than penguins', were visited. Nov. 19th. Skuas and gulls about the ship but not in such great numbers as usual. A few paddies at the ship and more at the rookery. At Point Davis, I got eight gulls' eggs and three terns' eggs. The gulls' eggs were found, three in one nest, two each in two nests and one in another nest. The gulls flew away and left their nests as I approached. The terns build no nest but lay their solitary egg on any flat earthy crevice in the rocks ; others lay among limpet-shells, which must be brought there by birds in summer. The terns also flew away, but betrayed the whereabouts of their egg by hovering in the air uttering a loud scream. At the big rookery the ringed penguins have not yet laid, and the other birds' nests were not visited. At the small rookery nests of 16th have now a second egg, and a few nests have three eggs, in which case an interval of only two days seems as a rule to elapse between the third and second egg. Nov. 20th. Skuas, gulls and two nellies at the ship. Cape pigeons at Uruguay Cove. Many skuas at the house wrangling over penguin carcases. They allow one within ten to twenty feet without showing any alarm. Also a number of skuas resting on the North Beach and others bathing off floes. At the small rookery all eggs of the 16th, and a large number of the 17th, have now a second egg. The skuas do not seem to get many eggs from the adelias, but on the other hand, the loss of eggs among the gentoos, particularly the outlying ones, is great. I saw one ringed penguin wandering through the small rookery as if in search of \\l\ll-.l: MI \K1KI:- - ..il\ BAY. 1903 39 a MBting-plaee, When attaeked li\ -tin- -Htm- |K -nonius In- ino\ed rapidlx liy nerim of *hnrt i|iin-k jump-. I !\ I n< ::..k.-i\ ha\e .i. \.|..JM.| .Therlexs tract n f -kin OM-I tin IM-HV Ivin-j niedianly. It run- :t m 4 im-hc*. up In. in the Iwi-e c.t tin- white emit, iiinl i- alxiiit 1 to li MM In-- lirmul Tin- \ioh-t eolmin-d -kin -li\\- di-tinctl\ . \Vlirn tin- bird i- lyiny mi it- i-ui:-. thcv ni ! liv tli: in it- ti-ntln : that above they In- aL'ain-t tin- I win- -kill, anil mi either side are -iiiT'iiinded liv tin- feather-. Il<'tli L'eiitoo- ami adclia- -lin\v tlii- adaptation I'm keeping tin- eggs wann. I nutim! a >in^l- i-ast- nf it -mm- t\\u week--* ago, ami other* have occasionally U-i-n imt^l lately, hut in day is tin- first ni|miiion in'\v. hut mi tin- wlioli- ti-\v ryg an- U-ing laid. A |mir of ringnl |>oiguiii- an- t-viilciitly -i-ttli- tln-n- <>n tin- ni"-- ,.,\,.|c.| -ln|)-s of tin- land L-ymid. -kua> are settling in pairs, and rmirt-liip i- pn din-j nu-nily. Tlu-y allnw mu- within a f-w feet of tin-in withmit -Ixiwing any i-rn. At tin- lii riN.ki-ry tin- nn-fl |i-iiL.'iiiii- liavi- imt y-t laid. On,- t,-in'- ,-^ \\a- got furtlu-r almi tin- Iwiy human and Aiidi-r-mi n-|mt havin;_> -i-m a lar^i- |M-n^uin. thn-r tinir- tin- -!/ nf an adrlia. Imt -imilar in rolmir, cxci-pt for its hhu-k feet and gentoo- liki- -lui|)-d hill. It neaped into the water hefore they could capture it. Its size they mnpan'd with --\i-ral adi-lias near by. Accounts given to me by each of the men Hepaniti-ly an- i|iiit<- rmi-i-lciit. 1 Skuas, a few -jull-. a m-lly and some snowy petrels also xeeu. One skua found diahip and the >hore. A / RiHiki-rii- imt vi-iti-d tn day. (lulls, -kua-. paddies, a nelly or two, and a tern, a- w.-ll a- three Wil-mi'- |H-tn-l- -een. A _':i/>/. S-otia Bay Iia> broken up and the ship is free again. Before the iee broke up. three adult Weddell -eal- wen- -ln.t near the nnikery ami brought in for -keletmi- out- female ami two male- - .ml other -eal- \\i-n- seen when the ice went out. The break-up of the Itay was ai-cmnjwnu-il by the arrival of many birds ; (jenguinH were di-jxirtin<: thein-elve- in the water : tern- and -nowy |x-trels were plentiful ; skuas and nelliensetthil mi the rook'- midden, and mi varimi- -< rap- of blubljeras they floated off on the ice-floe-s. \Vil-on'- |M-tn-l- wen- nuinermi-. Paddies also seen. The Cape pigeon- noting at The Beach have lately d.--<-rted their nest-s, but no -gg- have U-en laid. \ . "iu|)ouiid a-4 idian was s--n in the water to-day. The trap off the jxirt Ixiw was raisetl finally thi- afternoiiii. and eontained tueiitv H-h of the u-nal kind, -ixty-eight i u-himi nl two vellow -tar-fish. _'4//.* Shags have M-ttled mi the >mall rocky islet we-t of the -hip. and are 1 There i* little doubt that thu WM an immature emperor penguin which had wandered far north. ' The Scotia left Scotia Bay via Washington Strait (to the weat) for the encampment at Point Tbomaun, Brown'* Bay. She retorned to Scotia Bay at night. 60 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA flying about over the water. Terns, snowy petrels, skuas and nellies are also to be seen, the first in large numbers. Penguins and seals in the water. Several large penguin rookeries seen round the coast in Washington Strait and at Nigg Rock. In Brown's Bay there is a rookery of ringed penguins. Cape pigeons plentiful about the ship when in Brown's Bay, and several Wilson's petrels also seen there. Weddell seals seen in Scotia Bay. Nov. 25th, At anchor in Scotia Bay. Nellies, skuas, shags, terns, paddies, snowies and gulls seen to-day. Many shags settling on the water fishing. Twenty- three of them were shot, and one, on being hauled on board, disgorged a fish, 10 inches long, of the rarer green species. Many gentoos in the water ; they do not leap so far out of the w r ater as the adelias do, and are much more fond of sitting on the surface. A compound ascidian caught on the surface, and a common cushion-star on a fishing line. Nov. 26th, l North Coast and Jessie Bay. Same birds seen as yesterday, and many Cape pigeons in addition. Nov. 27th. Started early this morning for the Falkland Islands. Mr Bruce landed at Eillium Island off' Jessie Bay, and secured thirty eggs of the ringed penguins ; these are similar to the black-throated and gentoo penguins' eggs. When off Coronation Island a few grampuses were sighted. Silver petrels, Cape pigeons, terns, nellies and some blue petrels were also seen. Nov. 28th, 59 43' S. 48 10' W. Bottle-noses and tinners were conspicuous during the day. In the morning saw several ringed penguins in the water. Cape pigeons, terns, nellies, silver petrels and some blue petrels 2 were also seen, the latter only towards evening. A piece of a siphonophore tentacle was caught on the sounding line at 210 fathoms, but came up rather broken. Saw a Doliolum floating past. Hooked a piece of rotten kelp which was full of barnacles, some of which we bottled. Nov. 29th, 58 28' S. 51 C 56' W. Many tinners were seen early this morning. Whilst sounding, three Cape pigeons were caught. Tried to secure a sooty albatros, but failed. Tow-nettings have been taken by Brown ; no animals have been found in them as yet. A Cape hen was seen for the first time since we were in these latitudes last, sooty albatroses, molliemauks, blue petrels and Cape pigeons in plenty. In the even- ing saw two or three Wilson's petrels. Nov. SOth, 57 10' S. 55 35' W. A few -Cape hens were seen early this morning, also a few molliemauks and sooty albatroses. Blue petrels and Cape pigeons in plenty. No whales were seen. Mr Bruce saw a sooty albatros with the characteristic head and eye, but white underneath like a mollie. 3 Some penguins were seen by the captain. Dec. 1st, 54 55' S. 57 28' W. Three albatroses, appearing to be intermediate between the sooty albatros and molliemauk, were secured during the day. A painting 1 The Scotia left for Brown's Bay via Washington Strait, and anchored for the night in Uruguay Cove. 2 These proved to be Prion banski. ' This was prohably Phoebetria cornicoides. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XX. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. [fMi fty W. S. llntn. ft. Snowy Petrel (PayoAroma nieta) on Nest, Jessie Bay. South Orkneys. |f*Ao>o Ay W. X. fimw. 68. Snowy Petrel Hyin^. Weddcll Sea. The snowy jietrel Indicates Ihe proximity of park ice. Irtofc bf J. II. H. HHt. Youoft Southern Great Black-backed or Dominican Gulls (Lanu dominirantu) in down I /! fc ir. .N. 5. Cape Pigeons (/>u/rfri eafmuii) preparing to Nest. MacDougall Bay. Ferguslie Peninsula. OF THE UNIVER*' T -ITU Nr.N- r run K.\I.M.\M ISLAM* of the Irak of .,n,- ..' tin-in wa- mad,- by Mr I 1 . 'hey differ in .,,|.,ur especially about tin- In-ad. -.in,- liciiii: mix li liLditi-r in lour tli. 111 tin- ..tli, TV Tin- l.ill-ul-., differ ill colour, tin- tin .!< lay -howin;: tin- '\\\ ..1 tli.-in ha\. a \, -||nw riiliiii-n. ami yellow uii.|.-r tin- Io\\,-i mandible, while tin- thud i- alin..-t entirely tfrey. Tin- in-nlr of tin- utli I- yellow; tin- 1.--J- an- ..f .1 pal,- -jn-y. alin.,-t \slnt- in p inttli-.| with tlu- ilnrkri -JK '\ toward- tin- outer ,-inl- of tin- webs. Tin- ^n-v ha* a di-tiin-t la\ender tinge altout it . iiiiii-h t In- -aim- n- tin- feather-. Tin- -v,- lid i- I. lark M Well as tin- cere ; at tin- lower aii'Je |H>steriorly i- a white |wtch ,f feather-, wlin-li in tli-Jit l.M,k- liki- a wlutr <-y,-li\I\ tin- -: a \..i\\ay loli-tT, wi-n- found in tin- stomach of one of tin- liirds al>ove mentioned. Blue |H-tivls. (.'ajx- |)IL:.'.MI-. nio||ieiimiik>. -f tin- K\p.-hli-'ii. totalling about half a ton 4 -JM-. ],--. 5 or <; -p. 3 2 7 3 5 or 6 2 1 and various other s|x I'o-ition of trawl 62 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA Dec. 2nd, 52 11' S. 57 55' \V. Shags, Cape pigeons, young and old black-backed gulls, sooty albatroses and some penguins were seen during the day. Could not nuike out what species the penguins were as they did not stay any length of time above water. Dec. 2nd to 9th, Port Stanley, Falkland Island*. Did not have much opportunity of making any excursions. Brown and I went for a stroll one evening, and saw a crimson -breasted bird like a dotterel, with its mate, which had no crimson on it. 1 On Sunday morning, Mr Bruce and I went for a stroll eastwards, and saw the following birds black-backed gulls, nellies, skuas, steamer-ducks, 2 some with families, a kind of triuga and a hawk. On Dec. 9th we left Port Stanley at 6 A.M. Could not lift the trap, which we had left on entering Port William, owing to stress of weather. Sooty albatroses, molliemauks, Wilson's and blue petrels, also nellies were seen during the day. Dec. 10th, 48 22' S. 56 49' W. Same birds seen as yesterday, also a wandering albatros, and a sperm whale. Sea phosphorescent at night. Dec. llth, 46 14' S. 56 10' W. Three albatroses, a molliemauk, several Wilson's petrels, and three birds, which were Hying too far oft' to distinguish the species, probably prion petrels. Sea very phosphorescent at night. Dec. 12th, 44 08' S. 57" 30' W. Albatroses, molliemauks, Wilson's and prion petrels seen. A school of porpoises was also observed. Davidson saw a whale. Sea very phosphorescent at night. Dec. 13th, 42" 30' S. 59 18' W. Wandering albatroses and molliemauks. Prion petrels and Wilson's petrels have been seen during the day, though not in large numbers. Dec. 1 4th, 40 32' S. 58 33' W. Molliemauks and Wilson's petrels seen. A large Hock of birds settling on the water was observed in the afternoon : under wing and belly white, the upper surface of the wing and the back apparently dark brown. Could not make them out, as I did not see them close enough to get a good view. The luminosity of the sea is very marked to-night. Dec. 15th, Off Cape Corrientes, 38 24' S. 57" 42' W. The birds described yester- day are probably shear-waters (Pujfinus gravis, the great shear-water). A whole Hock of these birds were seen settling, and Hying immediately above a shoal of mackerel. Some albatroses, molliemauks and Wilson's petrels seen. Dec. 16th, Off Cape, Corrientes. Shear- waters, molliemauks and Wilson's petrels seen, also porpoises. Dec. 17 th, Off Cape Comentex. Same kind of birds, mammals and fish as yester- day. Saw a small bird and judged it to be a tern from its flight. Dec. 18th, Off Cape Corrientes. Very few birds seen to-day, probably owing to hazy and rainy weather ; two or three shear-waters. Two seals were seen quite close to the ship ; they did not remain near. Brown saw a fin of a sun-fish. Several schools of porpoises were playing around the ship. Flies were observed on the poop in the ' Trupialis militaris. ' Tackyeres cinereus. r.rENOB A 111 * 8 T0 THE K\I.KI.\\I M. \M>8, 1904 63 A -.MM! .It-ill ..I phosphorescence lia- Leen ..L-,-i\.-d a t niht -m.e the 14th in-t /' I'."/- ' ienten.- \ M.n-k ..I' t.-in- w,-i, -, . n toward* the .-veim tli.-y looked from alai \.-i\ urn. li like tin- tern- -e.-n in Seotia Bay. I sm\ -, \, ud ,,t tin-in -W.H.].III'_' down into tin- water, an. I ii-in- aim..-! immediately aft.-i waid- \ seal w.i- al-.i -cen 111 the in. .mini;, a- well as a lar^'i- S'||.MI| of |>.ir|)..i-,-^. Flies are L'<-Um- .|iiit- mi mil-. Tlnv.- ninth- have I n n, ami, thoiih two w.-n- .-aptinv.!. they nianay.-.l to , -.!-. A -mall Ixvtlr. with yellow loimitinlinal lines on the U.-k. \\a- . au-ht. Hrown s, iw tw,, nios,|uiti H -s. l'li'.-|>hore.sfenw not >> marked. /' "'' .'/..// Point. No binto neen to-day, except a floek if lainl-hirds rejH.rteil iii the nioininu. hut too far off to make out. Some moths ami beetles were eapturei). I>i/. Ifi<> 'li l 'Jl - .!_' \V. I'non |H-tn-l-. a si-liool of porpoises, and a -. al are the animals seen to day. The Mies in tin- .al.in an- thinmn<_' out. Sea very luininoiiM at night. Jan. 25th, 40 .V.i' S. \\ -I'rion p.-tn-U wan very plentiful. A V.-l.-lh, was caught in the draw-hucket and Itottled. Sea slightly phosphorescent at night. ./in. 26th, 43 10' 8. 54 17' W. Prion petrel-, -torn.y jH-treN. like Wil-.-n -. only more white on their hrea.sts and wings; and a petrel. like a blue one. only with more white mi its under -surface. During the aftt'rnoon a seliool ..( -p.-rm whales came rt ing themselves. A piece of kelp was pi.-ked up. with barnacle** and a lanielliLraiieh atta. hel to it. ./' -J7//.. 4:1 :u' S. 55 07' W. Prion petn-ls and an nlbatww were seen. Mr Bruce and Valette saw a great many examples of Vi-li-ll,i between C> and 8 P.M. J" !!' S. 55 21' W. A few small petrels, pn.lmbly Wilson's, were the 64 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA only animals seen to-day. Whilst the " Scotia " lay to for sounding, Johnnie Smith noticed some penguins. Jan. 29th, 47 47' S. 56 08' W. Mist all day. One petrel, probably a prion, and some penguins were seen. Jan. 30th, 50 03' S. 57 58' W. Six molliemauks, a skua, seven albatroses, and penguins were seen during the day. Brown secured a ricli haul of copepods in his tow-net to-day. Jan. 31st to 9th Februat-y, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands. During our stay in Port Stanley traps were lowered, and some interesting specimens were secured. We all made an excursion to Cape Pembroke Lighthouse, and shot several specimens of birds, rock geese, 1 a young king-qua wk, 2 and three or four different species of small birds. Another excursion was made to the Tussoc Islands in Port William, and more birds secured ; jackass penguins, 3 shags and the pink-breasted and pink - footed gull. 4 External parasites were found on the penguins. Several turkey buzzards, a nelly, skuas, steamer-ducks, terns and numerous black- backed gulls were seen. A sea-lion' 1 was shot on the lower Tussoc Island ; skin and skeleton preserved ; stones and some fragments of shells were found in its stomach. It measured 10 ft. 8 ins. in length and scaled over 1200 Ibs. The large trap which we lowered in Port William on 2nd December last was picked up ; the netting was torn to a great extent, thus losing, no doubt, a valuable catch ; only two crabs were found in it. Several rock-cod and another species of fish were found in the trap, besides some three or four species of molluscs. Several specimens of Clnpea sagax, a kind of herring, extraordinary shoals of which visited the Falkland Islands about. this time, were also secured. Feb. \0th, 53 22' S. 56 05' W. Seven albatroses and some Wilson's petrels were the only birds seen to-day. Feb. llth, 55' 47' S. 54 19' W. Mist almost all day, except for a break about 5 P.M. Saw a blue petrel and some other petrels of two different species. One was about the same size as the blue petrel, with white on its under surface ; the rest was dark, including the under surface of the wing. (Mr Bruce thinks this bird was a skua.) The other species was about the size of Lams dominicanus, or a little larger, and completely dark. Davidson saw a school of porpoises in the evening. Feb. \2th, 57" 47' S. 51 40' W. A good many Wilson's petrels and blue petrels were following the ship all day. A few albatroses, molliemauks and the two new petrels (see yesterday's note) were also observed. Sea phosphorescent last night. A Cape pigeon was seen after tea. 1 Chloephaga hybrida. 3 Nycticorax obscurus. 1 Spheniscus magellanicus. ' Larus glaucodes. s Otai'ia jubata. Now in the Royal Scottisli Museum, Edinburgh. SOOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XXI. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. . Patagoniao Sea Lion (Otaria juhmta) in Royal Scottish Museum, from Tussock Island. Pott William. P Wright, orer 1300 Uw. FALKI.AM' l>l.\M's I" I UK SOUTH ORKNEYS, 1904 Feb. \'Mli. - "' W. WiNon - |H-trels, Cup,- ju- ...... - .n,,| BoQ very plentiful. a- well a- -d\n ami lilu.- pctids. A few sooty alliain.sc-.' ami two skua- wen- -fin. tin- latin- rating tin- mutton we have on hoard. Oue of the men saw a large whale. / . /'.. \4'/i. /'/"!!,. S,-ti'"//. Usual South Orkney birds. / '. \~th. S<;,tin liny. In the evening a party lam In I on the west shore and shot two Wecldell seals, male and female. A Unit fifty seals, all Weddells, were lying on the sandy l>each. Feb. 18f/, St-otin liny. Mr Bruce, Valette, Kerr and I went to the west shore to get nellies and photographs of seals. Terns, a shag, Cape pigeons, nellies, skuas, snowy and Wilson's petrels and gulls were seen, besides gentoo penguins. A skua, two uellies and a penguin were secured with a view to preserving the brains. Some whale*' bones were got on the west shore, including a zygomatic arch, a mandible and some vertebrae. About seventy seals (Weddells) were lying along the beach when we landed. < >ne of tin-in, a young one, had a wound at the nape of its neck, measuring a I MUM 7 inches in length and alxmt 2 inches in width. Feb. 19th, Scotia fifty. Nellies, skuas, shags, penguins (mlelia and ringed), terns, blaek-lwcked gulls, Wilson's petrels and Cape pigeons were seen during the day. Feb. 21**, Scotia Bay. Five cushion -stars, two other star-fish, four gasteropods, several pycnogons and three fish ( Notothenin) were found in the trap to-day. One of the fish was given t<> a young Ijoboitou, captured on the North Beach a few days ago ; the ntluT tisli \v'if kept tin his special benefit, but he does not appear to appreciate them. Wi- have had liiiu a week now. and he does not seem any tamer. Fi'l>. --ml. Left Scotia Bay at noon. Lamlnl on Killium Isle to slaughter |H-iiL'imi- tor fiMxl and sjHM-iiiiens. Only ringed penguins were found, and we took both voiin.i; ami adult, a No tour adult {Middies ami one young. Saw a great many shags on the water and shot five. Two whales, prolmbly finners, were seen off Saddle Island ; for some time they were on tin- -mface of the water and then disappeared. Nellies, skuas, Cape pigeons and Wilson's petrels were a No MM-M very frequently. Feb. 23r>l, 6T 28' 8. 41 55' W. A sooty alhatios , a few snowy, blue and silver petrels, besides many Cape pigeons and Wilson's jx-trels were seen during the day. Mi Bruce and Fitchie saw a large albatros after tea.' Several finners were also ob- ved during the -2 4!)' S. 38'' 12' W. A skua 4 (same as these in biuric Island) un- seen thi- evening, a No a large allwitros in the afternoon. A - a depth of KHHI fathom-. < 'oiitent- were one fi-h. Apptndtculano, a ptero]NH| ami three -]iccimen- of Sinjittn. two jelly ti-li. rallier damaged, and a bright ivd crustacean, I'e-idc- ti\e other erii-tacean-. and what we siippo-e i* S\- /Julinlnm. PboaphoranOXM imt marked l<> night, only OOOMKNUl Hushes. M'1,-,-1, i.< r,s 4:5' S. -24 1:V \V. Snowy and antarctic petrels, u Wilson'H petrel, twc. lu-llifv, -.unr ti-rn-, and also some grampuses were seen during tlie day. .!/.// 2nd, 71 04' S. 23 10' W. A nelly, antarctic, snowy and blue petrels, and Mark-headed terns were seen. Also grampuses. Mnn'h 3>W, 72 18' S. 17 59' W. Nellies, very many antarctic an 00' W. A big Hock of terns was seen in the evening. were plentiful, and one nelly and some antarctic petrels were noticed. A gcxxl inanv eals (Loltodon) were amongM the iee-ti. A \ertnal net wa.- lowered down to a hundred fathoms before and after dinner. The content- of the two haul- were two ^peeies of pteropods, amphipods and other crustacean-, one rtenophore. a I><>li,,/inii or >'///, chaet4>]KMls. and three or four long iieniertean worm- or tcntaelcs of jelly-fish. 1 (Jrampiises and whale-. Mnrrl, t\t/i. 7M .'in' S. _'! -Jh' W. Tern-, -imwie- and empeioi jjenguins were abundant. The emperor penguin- were all in the water, except one, which wa- found on a piece of ice and captured. A few adelias and alxmt -ix nellie- were al-o - ( -en. A great many Lolxxloim were amongst the pack and swimming in the water. Mni-fh 7tli, Off Cwit* Lawl, 74 01' S. -J-J on' \V. A gale and -now-torm raging all dav. Several LolxxloitA were seen in the morning and some CIUJHTOI-S in the evening. Mnrcli xt/i. Off Cofits Land. Gale and snowstorm not alwted. < hie -no\vy and alx)iit ten emjxTors were -ecu in the evening. Three emperors were caught. Some seals were also seen. 1 Thww have since been identified as the tentacles of a Sipkonophore. See .1. Krnnie, Proc. Roy. Phyi. Sec., Edin., XVI., p. 25 (1904). 68 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA March 9th, OJf Coats Land. Wind gone down and altogether clearer to-day. A party went out this morning and captured fifteen emperors ; two were brought alive to the ship. A nelly, an antarctic and a snowy petrel were seen. Brown shot a skua. 1 Macdougall shot a sea-leopard, but unfortunately it got away. Other seals were also seen, probably Lobodona. March lOth, Off Coats Land. Mr Bruce shot a female Weddell seal. Ijobodons were seen. Two emperors were caught, and a few snowies and a skua seen. Large trap lowered down to bottom at 161 fathoms this evening. March llth, Off Coats Land. The trap was hauled up this morning. Catch included three fish like the Notothenia caught in Scotia Bay, one isopod, three species of amphipods, and one bryozoan with sponges and a few worm-tubes attached to it. A nelly and a few snowies were seen. Many Loltodons and some Weddells. March 12th, OJf' Coats Land. The contents of the trap in 1(51 fathoms were one fish, many amphipods, a chaetopod and another worm, a crinoid, an alcyonarian and a sponge. There were more birds seen to-day, probably due to the ice breaking up and forming open " leads." Antarctic and snowy petrels, nellies, skuas and one emperor were seen, also Lobodons, a Weddell seal and a grampus. March 13th, OJf Coats Land. Some snowy petrels and a few antarctic petrels. Many Lobodons, chiefly in the water, a Weddell seal and a sea-leopard were seen. Mr Bruce saw several bottle-noses and two grampuses. Kerr reports seeing two Ross seals swimming in the leads. A ctenophore and compound ascidian were also noticed. Mr Bruce saw tracks of an emperor this evening. March 14th, 73 11' S. 23 53' W. Very many antarctic and snowy petrels, also terns, flying about the ship to-day. Many emperors were seen this morning, also two nellies and two adelias. Shot about twenty antarctic petrels and fifteen snowy petrels. A great many Lobodons and two grampuses were seen. The captain heard a finner blowing. Caught a Euphausia on a piece of pancake ice. March 1 5th, 71 50' S. 23 30' W. A great many antarctic and snowy petrels were flying about the ship during the whole day. One Cape pigeon and a good many terns were seen. The captain saw a finner. A vertical net was lowered to 1000 fathoms and a fairly rich haul was made, in- cluding five or six species of fish, 2 several examples of Doliolum, four species of crustaceans, many specimens of Sagitta, several ctenophores, four species of medusoids and some broken pieces of a jelly-fish. March 16th, 71 28' S. 22 32' W. Antarctic and snowy petrels were constantly hovering round the ship, also numerous terns and blue petrels. A few adelias and a Cape pigeon were seen. A deep sea trawl was lowered down this morning bottom 1 Megalestris maccormicki. 2 Including Prymnothonus Hookeri, Richardson (three specimens). The single existing specimen of this species previous to the Si-utia's catch was taken by the Erelus and the Terror, 1843. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. n., P.irt i.). PLATE XXII. Zoologic.il I,"- el x.'ttish National Antarctic Expedition. 67. The "Scotia" beset off Coats Land. Antarctica. Shear Legs for baited tnp set in 11 fathom* shown. also Flensing Board for Seal Skins. w. a. . Weddell Seal (LtptonytkoUt vtddtUi), male, off Coat* Land. Antarctic*. I.\M> I'.KM blue mud at 2338 fat li 'ins 2830 latin. m- of wire were paid ( ,ut ; tin- trawl .am.- up twisted. It lml evidently IM-I-II fouled 'jmii-j down ami hud imt reached lH.tt.un. M.iny tinner- ami urampu- n during the 'lay. Kla-he- o) pho-phoivs<-eiiee ol>-cr\ed at night like t'i- Mol.v .!/./;/. 17/A. 71 _'-'> 1- I.V \V. Antaivtii- ami -ii"wv petrel- h.'\erin round -hip all da\ . though ii"t in -uch Ojiiantitie- a- yc-teidav. A few tern- ami ('U|H- pi^eoiiH were -ecu. A No iiiiinv ^rainpu-e- ami tinner-. Trawl lowered after breakfast, Wtom at 'J:i7i> tat In 'in-. MIMHI tatlnun- nf wir.- nijw \vnv jmiil out, lint it is extremely doubtful if Imttoin \va- n-iu-lii-d. 1 )vmiiiinuift<-r n-^istcred a strain of up to 2} tons. Trawl rontaiii.,1 -..-vt-ral -|>r< miens of (?) Dttliolnm, four species of coelenU'ratew, mostly i t-ii.pli(.iv- .ii im-.liiM>ids, and a cuttle-fish, l^arge hlohs of phosphore^encc were nli-i-m-d at nijjht in the ship's wake al>out the size of this jjage. .\fdivh ISth, 71 2'J' S. 1C, :u' W. 1'irit- ami ntlit-rs .saw a nelly early this moriiiiig. SIIKWV ami antan-tif jM-tn-N \t-ry almmlant. i-|MM-ially tin- latter. A few Capi> pigeons, t.-rn- and a -ilv.-r jn'tn-1. Martin -a\\ -i-\.-ral antan-tic |M-n^iiin-. The trawl \va> let down in 141O fatliom>. -2400 fathoms of wire rope paid out, dviiiiimmieter regi-tn iic.' a -train of '2] t<>i\-. A rich haul was secured, im-lmlinv mini ami -\i-ral |M-l>liles ami -mall -turn--. At alxnit 100 fathoms fiiim the end the ri>|>r -Iniwi'il -i'jn- of havini; trailed along the bottom. The haul included : -alxmt four -|M'I ics of fish, 1 two species of scaphopods, three sjjecies of gasteropods, some dead shells of lamellibranchs, a species of nudibranch, two of pyenogons, one cirriped, two other spetties of crustaceans, one species of hrachiopod, seven or eight of polychaetes, three to six of ophiuroids, one crinoid, three echinoids, five sj>ecies of asteroids, three to tour of holothnrians (one on a whale's ear-bone), three species of fixed colonial . < It-literate-, two species of medoaoida, two of anemones, three of sponges and three toraininif.-i-. Pirie shot a male sea- leopard, (irampn-i- wi-n- sighted. Brown secured a rich haul of cujM-jHids in the tow-net. M-n-i-fi \'.itfi. 71 32' S. 17 15' W. Antan-tic and snowy petrels very abundant, a nelly, terns and Cape pigeons al-o -ecu. During the afternoon several flix-ks of antarctic and snowy petrels and a nelly were >em -etilinj: down on the water, evidently feeding. The two emperor penguins which we have on iMiard were fed to-night by Pirie, tinned herring being forced down their throats. The trawl was lowered down in 1221 fathonw, bottom blue mud, 2000 fathoms of wire rope being paid out ; lymnnometer registered iin of li tons. It turned out a failure, bottom not having been reached. Gram- pu-c-. tinner- and a sea-leopard were -ecu. M-II-I /< _'K\. 1904 71 two fathom- In-low tin- Milt., \ : ll Illllll Wft8 aeCllled. in. lndn,- a _!.. it .jiiiiiitity ..| /' .'/,,/"//,, tin.-,- .u tiiiir -\-> -ie- "t ' aniplii|iod-. three "i IIH.H- -|x .|H-|Hd-. maii\ ,. \anip. v <./<"". to -|M-.-ie- .if pteri>od- and a tnediiMiid. Tin- larger amphi|od- \\.-i. a--iM-iated \vitli /)n/i<,/'iiii, many heini; tund in tin- atrium. Tin- paddy \vliieh waft hroiiuht ali\e t'r the S.utli Orkney- died t. .lay. The eapt i\ e ein|><-i"i - MM- Mill ill: When weather |N-rmit- we take them for a \\alk n.iin and Ca|H- pi^rim- \\fiv -rrn ilurin the ilay. Not maiiv liinK aliout u. at licr rat IHT ini-ty ami nvnvust. Oin- finiu-r s>cii in t lie morning. M-i,;-l, -Js/A. ;.. ;>s' S. 11 _'' \\ . S,-vi-ral wioty alUtron^, the new |>etrel, and a hi r.l lik.- tin- ii.-\v |M-tr.-l, only lari:.-i, -..mr <'a|n- pii:.-.,n- and him- |M-tn>ls, and two silver jx-tivN \\..rt .seen during the day. Nut many hird- iiltii-tlior, hut more than yest-rda\ S,,m.- jiampn-cs and tiniiiT.-. Tin- ri-lit trrt \<-rti.-al n.-t \va> lowen-d to a depth tit' ;~>i> tatli.im- t'r an hour and a i|imrtvr, and a rirli haul of />..///;< \\a- Moored. M'1,-,-1, _://.. c,:t ;>4's. in _' \\ A nlver petnl, Uno petnb, and Ckpe pigeons, tin- new hi |x-trel and .-<4K>ty alhatioM- \\.-n- -.-en durin-; the day. Not many l.ixU aUdit a- there \va.^ a -tr.iiii; n--'-eiit. .}{.,,t however. The <-aptain saw a Cape hen ami a drove of small |M'ii'_'iiin- in the water; some small penguins were also seen on a small lerg, prohahly hlaek thmated, but too far off to distinguish. An alhatros and some nooty alUtroseH about the -hip. A considerable number of chains of Diiludnm were seen ami several \vere caught. The Ca|x- hen i- prohahly the new big petrel which has been seen on the 28th and -J'.Kh in-t. The two captive emperors are getting <|uite used to tinned fish; the -mailer one tlii- morniiiL: opened it- beak without compulsion, so we only had to put the food in-ide it- mouth. M.n-,'1, 31.^, (> 37' S. \-2 1C.' \V. Sea very phosphorescent. More silver petrels seen to-day than at any it her time -in.e leaving the S.uth Orkneys. Many Cape pigeon-, and hlue petrels, a nelly, a Cajx- h.-n ('. jwtrel), a big all>atn>s (almost all white) and -ooty allmtroses. April Iff, 60 r 33' S. 12 C 00' W. Many hird- alnmt all day long several sooty albatroses, silve* and blue petrels, as well as Cape pigeons, with an occasional nelly, were constantly about the ship. A white nelly was seen. Some ringed penguins were observed in the water about noon. A tew \\'il-..n s petrels were seen yesterday and to-day. .!//// -J..'/, 58'40'S. I'J _':!' W. A few nellies, some Cape pigeons, blue and -ilv.-r jH-tivU. sooty albatrose.s and Wilson's petrels. Binls not numerous, probably on account of I will weather. 1 The most aonthern record for Pkoebetria eornicoidet. ' Diomedea ejntlatu. The Srotia'i mot noutherly record for the wandering allmlro*. 72 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA April 3rd, 56 J 55' S. 10 00' W. Very many birds to-day, sooty albatroses, Cape pigeons and blue petrels being most conspicuous. Silver petrels not so numerous to-day. Specimens of the small new petrel 1 were seen several times before tea. About six nellies and some albatroses were also seen. Three sooty albatroses, a nelly and a large albatros were shot. Some penguins were sighted by Davidson and Pirie, too far off to distinguish the species. Wilson's petrels also seen. Many whales were disport- ing themselves nearly all day long, hunchbacks being the most conspicuous. Sea phosphorescent at night. April 4th, 55 08' S. 10 00' W. Three new birds seen to-dayone, a sooty albatros 2 with a yellow line on its beak in place of the blue line on the beak of the ordinary sooty albatros ; the second, a petrel about the same size as a blue petrel or perhaps larger, brown on its upper surface, white on its under surface, with a dark ring round its neck ; third, 3 a petrel the same size and colour as a Wilson's petrel, with this difference that its abdomen and half the lower surface of the wing was white. Several Wilson's petrels, blue petrels, Cape pigeons and sooty albatroses were flying about the ship all day long. Sea phosphorescent at night. Yesterday a four-feet vertical net was trailed along the surface ; however nothing of zoological interest was caught. April 5th, 55 25' S. 13 r 10' W. Mr Bruce observed a new bird about the size of a Cape pigeon, more slender in build, general colour pale grey, darker on the upper surface of the wings and on the top of the head, white muzzle, dark eye, blackish beak, brownish ring round the neck, most of the under surface white. Another bird seen by Mr Bruce was about the size of a blue petrel, only much darker, brown rather than blue grey, a small white patch on its breast. Other birds seen same as yesterday. Sea phosphorescent. April 6th, 54 33' S. 11 47' W. Nothing new noticed, except some floating kelp. Whales were seen. April 7th, 53 58' S. 10 10' W. Three terns and several sooty albatroses were seen, both with the blue and yellow line on the beaks ; a specimen of the latter was caught on a hook by Mr Bruce. Large albatroses and two kinds of Wilson's petrels also observed. One new bird was noticed to-day about the size of a Cape pigeon, possibly larger, colour same as a sooty albatros (probably same as Pirie shot about fourteen days ago and called the new petrel). 4 The petrel with a ring round its neck and the grey-bodied petrel were also seen, the latter bird in large numbers. Brown saw a whale and the captain three or four grampuses. Sea very phosphorescent. April 8th, 52 33' S. 9 47' W. Blue-and yellow-billed sooty albatroses and Diomedea melanophrys were hovering about ship all day long. Fitchie observed a 1 This was again Oestrelata brevirostris. 1 Phoebetria fuliginosa. The other sooty albatros is P. cornicoides. 3 Cymodroma grallaria. * See note at March 21st. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XXIV. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. ll'koto by T. C. Day. 72. An Alc-yooarian (1'aramurtcia robuitn) taken off Gough Island in 100 fathoms, and oft* St Helena, (i natural size.) (I'kolo lif T. 0, 78. A New Species of Alcyonarian (Thuurtlla brucrt) o Cough Island. 100 fathoms, (if natural site.) 74. A Shallow Water Antarctic Buckie tout) taken in large quantities in Scotia and Jessie Bays. South Orkneys. (Natural MIC.) t* r. c. Dag. 75. A Shallow Water Antarctic Limpet (1'aUlla polarii) taken in large quantities in Scotia and Jeule Bayi, South Orkneys. (Natural sue.) Ill \II.\\IK .K.-KAX. IWI 7S couple of |N-ni:mns. too far off to .li-tinum-h tin- -)>. i,. v Wlntc-licllicd \Vil-. petreN. tli- divin |>cticl. urcy-lMMli.-d p.-n.-U. Mack-U. led p,-tirk t,-rn~ and -me Cape pigeon comprise the list "t birds -fi-ii Mr Bruce -hot t\\n yellow lulled *<,' S. a \ i-i \ phiisphiirc.scclit. .ly.i-iV !)//,. .>! 07 - :;i \V. Him- an.l yellow hilled allmtn.-es HII<| also /' ; :i>oiit tin- ship i Miitiniiully : v lv . x bodied |n-tivl-. new |x-trels, t\\' kind- } Wi|s,m'- |ictivls. ,,ne lillli- |M-trrl. nllf Cn|H- |iiv"ll. tiTH-. t\\n -|x-rn-s of |><-n<_'uiii-. 'in- a ja.-ka>^ ( Sf>/,, /.<.. iiniifi-lliiiiirus) ami tin- other pmlmlilv /.''/ li//>te* <-/i, . ami tin- ilivin^ (x-tii'l (/'/.,/(,././. x). Mr Bruce saw a new nlluitros of the -i/i- ami slinjx' nf I >i>,,, ,.11,-d iiif/iiiio/tlu'i/n and of the same rolour except the lack of it- iif.-k wliirh \va- ilark with a dark riny rmnpli-t*', or almost complete, round alx>ut it, and a Mark U-ak. Mr Hruci- -ln>t a blue- and al-- a ydlow-liilUil all.aii.- The M..iia-ai|iir trawl \va> lowrivd in -J|(i:{ tat hums with 3100 fathoms of wir-ro|x?. On haulini; it up -nmr wire ^'ut twisted round the trawl and it came \ the surface Ixittom up. DjnonOBMtof registered a -train of :ii to 4 tons. Some diatom oo/e was got in tlie trawl and one star-fish. t\\<> nphiuroid-. a -p<>n;:r. a t nistacean and an unremuuiH- alile jelly-liNikin^ BubfltMIM. 1'rolmlilv the tmttom was rm-ky. Sea phosphorescent. .//./-// !th kinds of Wilson's petrels were alxmt the ship all day long also one blue petrel and one Cape pigeon. A new petrel, alx>ut the six.e and shape of the grey-bodied petrel, white below except the throat which, with the whole of the dorsal surface of the bird, was light greyish-brown. 1 A new albatros wa seen to-day, similar in si/e and shape to the one described yesterday and also similar in colouration, except that the whole of the head and throat were of the same greyish- linixMi colouration a* the dorsal surface. The whole of the under surface of the wings was white except round the ed^es which were of the same greyish-brown : the top nf the lieak wa- yellow. Sea phosphore.scent to-night. .!/// llfA, 48 53' 8. 9 25' W. Several nellies, yellow- and blue-billed sooty albatroses, large albatrose.s, new alliatro> M-.-H yesterday, two blue petrels, two Cape pigeons, jackass and macaroni |)eiiguins, grey-lxidied petrels, new petrels and both kinds of Wilson's petrels. The emperor- we have on board are getting very thin and appear to be very dejected. Sea phosphorescent at nL'ht. .I/./-// \-2tfi, 48 00' S. 9 50' W. Blue- and yellow-billed albatroses, the new alhatros (see description of the loth inst. ; we now call it the Burdwood Bank albatros), Diomedea /.//,>,...//.///.(. a t>hie jx-ti-el, numemus grey-bodied jjetrels, black-back |H-trels and Ixith kiinN of Wil-..n - petrels were almut the -hip. Mr Bruce caught a yellow-billel s^M.ty alhatio- by means of a fi-hin<_' line. The deep-sea trawl was let down to the Wtom (rocky) at 1332 fathoms: 2300 of 1 Oettrtlata molli. ' Priolinvt cincrrut. K. 74 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA wire rope were paid out. The dynomometer registered a strain of a little over two tons. Very poor catch although most likely it reached bottom. The catch included four or five fish, three species of decapods, several examples of Sagitta, one medusoid and four different cteuophores. April 13th, 48 06' S. 10 05' W. One of the emperor penguins died to-day, and the other appears to be dying. Blue- and yellow-billed sooty albatroses, the Burdwood Bank albatros (see 1st Dec. 1903), nellies, Cape pigeons, white-bellied Wilson's petrels, one or two blue petrels, grey-bodied petrels and several petrels about size and shape of a silver petrel (see also the 10th inst.), of a uniform light-brownish-grey, except on the breast and abdomen, where the bird is white. 1 Monagasque trawl let down in 1742 fathoms, rocky bottom; over 2900 fathoms of wire-rope were paid out, and the dynomometer registered a strain up to five tons. A fairly good catch was secured, including three species of fish, several crabs, crab ova and other crustaceans, one pycnogon, one small mollusc, one worm, one holothurian (deep purple colour), several umbellulids, 2 three species of asteroids and about half a hundredweight of small stones. April 14th, 46 35' S. 10 10' W. Blue- and yellow-billed albatroses, a few blue petrels, both kinds of Wilson's petrels, grey-bodied petrels and the light-brownish- grey petrels were seen during the day, also some petrels like the new petrel which Pirie shot, only they appeared to be larger. The second and last emperor penguin was found dead this morning; both of them were injected. Porpoises observed. Sea phosphorescent. April 15th, 45 54' S. 10 04' W. Sooty albatroses, Burdwood Bank albatroses, Diomedea melanophrys, blue petrels, black-backed petrels with the dark ring round the neck, both kinds of Wilson's petrels and the light-brOwnish-grey petrels were seen to-day. April 16th, 45 25' S. 10 19' W. Very many birds about to-day. Both kinds of sooty albatroses, Burdwood Bank albatroses, Diomedea melanophrys, and the new albatroses with the black beak described on the 9th inst., many grey-bodied petrels and their allies with white underneath (see also the 10th and 13th inst.), blue petrels, both kinds of Wilson's petrels, nellies, the dark-backed petrels with the ring round their necks, new petrels similar to the specimen Pirie shot, and a petrel like the latter, except that it appeared to be darker in colour and slightly larger, and much slimmer round the head. Phosphorescence observed both last night and to-night, though not so brilliant as a week ago. April 17th, 44 30' S. 9 43' W. Same kind of birds as seen yesterday, and fairly numerous. A silver petrel was hovering around the ship the greater part of the morning. Several attempts have been made to hook some of these new birds, but so far no success has attended us, though the birds, especially the Burdwood Bank albatros and the black-beaked one, have nibbled at the bait. Phosphorescent sea. April 18th, 43 21' S. 8 C 30' W. Both kinds of sooty albatroses, Burdwood Bank albatros, and its ally the black-beaked albatros, and other varieties of these two, nellies, 1 Prioflnus cinereus. * The very rare Umbdlula durissima. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XXV. Zoological Log of So.ttish Natimial Antarctic Kxpcdition. 76. Yellow-billed Sooty Albatross (I'h-r^lin /utiyutota) flying. Off Cough InUnd. South Atlantic. . - r< . (/! If r. JL r*. 77. Southern Gmt BUck-b.<-ked or Dominican Gull (Lanu dommiauau) flyfag. South Orkney t. i '.II 1-1. \M, 11)04 7ft two >kua>. two C.i| IH-.-..II-. many Mm- |x-tn-U, U.tli kind- ,!" \Vil-on '- jM-tn-l*. the ji.-\ Ixidied ju-ti-fl (- tlir H'.tli in-t.) ainl Uaek Laeked |M-tivl- \\.-ir >.--n during the \ iu-w bird \\ to da\ li\ Mr I'.iu.. about tin- -i/e ami shu|M- of a Cape pigeon, tin- head, iMi.-k. neck, tail ami win- IM-IIIL; of a dark brown colour, whil-t the t am) abdomen \\civ white : al-o another liinl of aLuii half the -i/.e with a white mark mi it- heek-. White, piebald ami hlaek |H>I|H>I-' - \\. i. al-o seen. .//.;// I'.i^A. U , - - l:;'\\ \ . i \ many allmtrovs. a |.'\\ ItunlwiMMl I'.ank ami Ida. k liillol allmtr-.-.^. tlin-r <.r linn /' /' n-ln,,, >f,>, /-i/.x. tu<> or tlin-r m-llii-. t\\u -ktia-. a lr\\ \ViN.in' jn-trrK. _! \ lMli ( -il |n-tn-N ami tin- liylit l>i<>\Mii-li i:n-y i.-u.-ls ami a tr\v lilm- jM-tn-N \vi-n- M-I-II. A,n-il -Ji^/,. II :{()' 8. 9 55' \V. V,-ry many sooty allwtr..-.-. i-liii-Hy y.-ll.i\\ -hill.-,l. a tr\\ Mai k liillcd and -nim- vmni" ulliiitrosc.s, a nelly and a -kua, a few \Vil-"H ~ |n-tri'U. \i-r\ many lij.dit-l>n\vni-li ^r--\ |ti !-. ltlark-lm<'kc -ecu. al-<> a t.-rn wliich \Valkrr caiilit. Tlic fonr-t'cct vi-rti-al m-t \\a-lnv.. and trailed alon^ at a depth <>t alxmt two to tluve lath - ; mil- i-niMan-an \\a- i-an^ht. Sea very phophottMoeat Afrit -J1W, t in.,,,1, I*/,,,,.!. 411 -jn' S ;i :>C>' \V. !<><> rou^h t. land. Many KmU tlviim alxuit the -hip all daylong. The following \\eiv -|xittel : -Ixith kinds of alliatnises, |mrti<-nlurly the yellnw-liilled, many wandering allmtn.-..-. /ti'.,m, ,1, ,i -;/*.' manv nellii- ami -kuas, a great number >f blue jx-'trels, black-backed petrel-/ 1:1. \ iMnlied |M-trel.s, 3 light -brownish-grey petrels, 4 l>oth kinds of Wilson's jM-treN. e-|K-(ially the white-bellied ones, 1 and terns like the South Orkney species, He. lm\\e\er, with a brownish Imck.* Pirie and Karl caught a quantity of seaweed, on \\lni h were manv amphi|XMls of one -|>ecies, an isojxxl and a stalked -eyed crustacean (-<-lii/u|HHl) and -everal bryn/na. A large trap was lowered in the evening in alxmt 70 fathoms, alxtut a mile Ir >hore. Sea very phosphorescent. .Ij'i-H _'_'/"/. '/'"//< /.>/' I" \l'l. I \\\ i*> 77 The fi". .It nil IK -t wa- ..ill catch nil. .!//>// _'-' KB 10 K A l.ir.i- -,-en t.. .lay. im-t\ -. -,.ty all>a! /' '/,ri/. an. I wanderim; alUim*,-.. a tVw \Yil-.m- |M-tn-|s ami liuht liK'wm-li i;rcy petrel- \\.-n- -een. Tin- M"ii.i._;a-.|iie tiawl wa- l.> \\.-i.-.l down in _''.. tatlnun-. Itottmn led i-lav. :;-nn fathom- "I wire M'|K- paid out : d\ mnin.iiietei re^i-t.-ied a -train up t< tliut tin- catch was nil X.M.I.I.JI, allv ; a little mini (n-'l <-la\ I \\.-t- t'.ninil mi tin- tm\vl itself. .//./// _".//. :{'.i I- S -2 33' K. More hinls admit to-day than ye.stenlay ; wmtieM \\. !< scarce U)-day while Diimiwlett melnnojfh ryx ami Dionuvlea i-xnlniut were pU-ntitiil. e.sjKi-ially the latter. Very few "No. 9 Cough Island" petrels, 1 many "No. 14,"* and three or four Mark " No. 12" petrels,' one of which I shot, a few Wilson's petrels of iM.th kinds and some blue jx-trels or whale birds. Shot three Diumeifat t-xiilnn*, one Diomactaa i ///. >j,f, ,-;/., ami DIM- Mark |M-tid. which i- lii^^t-i than the one we saw on the _'_' ml in-t. at (Joii^li I-laml. Trawled tn day \\itli Muimi;a-.|iie trawl in L'tU.") fathom- in the -aim- |Mi-ition a- ittcmpt. iMittorn red clay; 4000 fathoms of wire were paid out, dyno- immicter re^i-terin^ a -train up to 4i tons. A small hut representative catch was secured, of which the following is a rough list : several small fishes of one species, one cepha- lopod, one lamellihranch and another broken mollusc, five species of crustaceans, one or two mcdusoids, three species of ophiumids, three species of holothurians. one flat sea- urchin, one sipunculid. and some examples of Sagitta and ctenophores, proluthly fnun the -nrt. < hie whale's car Ixuie with -ome living animals attached to it was also found in the trawl. Afi-il :tu//i. :t:i _'?' S. 5 50' K. A tew -i N ity al bat roses, some with a whitish ring round their in-eks. and evidently yomiv. many /h'onwli'it <:cnlnn*, a few Diiiliri/x. N'n. ! ami " No. 14 (Joiih l-land ' jn-trels (see April 'JUth), sonu- black jx-trel- like the urn- -Imt yc.-tcrday. -e\.-ral wliale liird- or blue petrels, and \Vil- m - petrel- were -ecu. Some external para-ite- w.-n- tmind mi the allmtroses shot yesterday. Mny \xt, 3!) 'Jo' S. in -Jo' K. Smtie- -till tew. many Dioninlett exultut* and Ditmu'ilen Wtddltoplltrjff, and also the other birds dcscrilicd in ve-tcrdav - l"u. were seen to-day. The black petrel with awhile beak (" No. 12 (iough Island ") wa- ..li-. i to-day. A school of porpoi-e- m "black fi-h ' was -ecu alxmt noon. M U(i' S. U :i-J' K. Same kind of birds seen today as yestenlay, pnni: No. '.i (J.ni.jli l-land |H-tiel. which wa- not notiecd. M-i'l :;//. :5o '.\7' S. !."> n:l' K. Very lew bird- -ecu to-day ex.ept a few "No 14 ii l-land" jH-trcl-. M'.. //,./. ."ll>rif.< and al-oa-iMity albatnis. 4//.. :?4 .i.s' S. 17 mi' K. More bird- -.-en to < lay than ye-tenlay. A few 1 Priori*** ci*ereui. ' OntrWoto moUu. ' M&ftnu afyuinoetialu. 78 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA "No. 12" and " 14 Gough Island" petrels, and black petrels like the one shot on the 29th ult., some yellow-billed sooty albatroses, one blue-billed sooty, many Diomedca exulans, both young and adult, and a Wilson's petrel were seen. Sea very phosphor- escent to-uight ; more marked to-night on account of the moon not rising till later. Some fish about the size of a porpoise were seen swimming in the water at night, their trail showing very plainly owing to the phosphorescence of the sea in their wake. Mfiy 5th, Arrived at Cape Ttnvn. Several birds were seen to-day. Diomcdea :i-"!ans, yellow-billed and blue-billed sooties, Diomedea melanophrys, skuas, gaunets> "No. 12 Gough Island" petrels, black petrels and Wilson's petrels. The captain and others heard sounds like penguins' cries, and Pirie and others saw something in the water which was either a penguin or a seal. Numerous porpoises were seen. Sea very phosphorescent at night. May 18th. Left Cape Town last night, steaming slowly for Dassen Island, which we made soon after daybreak. A party went off in the boat to land, which, however, was impossible or too risky on account of a heavy surf beating on the shore. We could see numerous penguins on shore amongst the rocks and also on the water. Shags, gannets, black-backed gulls, Cape hens (Majaqueus aequinoctialis), also a grey gull with pink feet were seen. The otter trawl was let down in the afternoon in 30 to 40 fathoms, dynamometer registering two to three tons ; 100 fathoms of wire-rope were paid out. The trawl was down for half-au-hour and a fairly good catch was secured, including eleven dog-fish and several other species of fish, three species of cuttle-fish, a nudibranch, two species of crabs, one species of crayfish, two species of pycnogons, one species of chaetopod, two species of asteroids, one species of alcyonarian, a sponge and some bryozoa. In the evening we anchored in Houtjes Bay, Saldanha Bay, and dropped a vertical net over the stern in five fathoms. On hauling it up we found a coffer-fish, three buckies and a small crab. The live monkey, which we took from Cape Town Museum yesterday afternoon, had to be killed this morning as he bit one of the staff' very badly on the leg. May 19th, Houtjes Bay, Saldanha Bay. In the morning Brown, Pirie, Johnnie Smith and I went along the shore towards the other end of the bay, where the ship was to anchor for the night. The shore was covered with shells of various kinds, lamelli- braiich, gasteropods and cuttle-fish. We struck inland for some time, where Pirie shot some small birds (about six), and we collected some millipedes, some beetles and two or three lizards. Along the shore a (?) sanderling, a grey-backed gull l similar to the South Orkney gull and having the red ring round the eye, and a black bird with a bright crimson bill and darker crimson legs were shot. A rich haul was secured by means of the vertical net, consisting of many fishes, cuttle-fish, buckies, crabs, etc. A trawl (double-headed deep-sea) was let down in eight fathoms and brought up 1 Identical with the southern species Larus dominicanus. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (V>1. i\., I'.irt i.). Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. PLATE XXVII 1 J! s >\1.I\\HA BA\ M> ST HKIKXA. 1904 T a lame <|Uaiitity of sea -urchin*, a few l.riulr -tar-, two small fishes, n -mall crphalopnd, a -1111111 c haetopod ninl a BOBttdflnUfl '|Uantitv <>\ broken -hell-. Alniiit ion \"UiiL' -hark- ami -e\eral gurnard- \\.-i.- .-au^ht l.v mean- of tin- line. A . i-ii-ideralilc i|iiautitv )' marine life was collected mi tin- nx-k- !/.,,/ _,,-/,. i iii Sbfamcmder /'h,t. .W./i/,/,/ liny. \ numltcr of small iso|>.MU w. . iit iii tlit- trap. A jwrty went in tin- whale lnwt to Mieiiw l-land to.oll, \\hil-t there we raiiii- across what looked like miniature liav -ta. k>. i-<>nijxi-.l nfilrv k> tmni 4 t< .") ft. hijrli ami a- niiirli acmss. On pulling these -tish and another h'-h \ landing was also male on the south sjde of Hi-it - l'.a\ where a ^IMN! eolleetion of ln-etles was made and a live tortoiM- w.-i- -em red. Saw a great many ibises' and shags 1 hut failed to get within range of them. Numerous gull>. l.la. k and grey-backed, two kinds of (?) sanderling- and a numliei of small laml birds were seen, as well as two deer. .!//// -Jiw. S*t/>l far off to distinguish the pecies. The captain .saw three gannet-. AfayZUk, 28 !!' S. '. 56' E. Two albatroses. Mtj< t >i, -/. .i,, r ,,.,n,-t;<,li* and a "No. 14 dough Island" petrel* were the only bird- -eeii to-day M'ii/ -J.'i/A. i-r, i-j'S 7 05' E. More binls seen to-day, many "No. 14 (iough Ulaml" petrels, a Wilsons petrel, a Cape pigeon, many M>ijn>/<"* ./-/./;/o<7/i//. and Diomedea exulani). j.,//,. _} i i ' s j 32' E. Many "No. 14 (Jough Island" petrels, one Cape pigeon, a wbite-l>ellied storm petrel (.!/'/'" -inoctiali*) and -veral Din,"i exulans were seen during the day. 1 Ibu attkwjnea. ' Pkalacrocorai capenm. ' OettnUta moUit. 80 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA May 27th, 22 23' S. 1 42' E. Martin saw an albatros,,a Majaqueus aequinoctialis or Cape hen, and a small bluish bird, evidently a whale bird from his description of the beast. May 28th, 19 45' S. 35' W. Only one bird seen to-day, a "No 14 Gough Island " petrel. Mr Bruce took a photograph of a bottle-nose quite close to the ship. May 29th, 17'25'S. 2 34' W. Three flying-fish were observed by three of the crew. Haimes saw a whale's " spout." May 30th to June 2nd, St Helena. During our stay two small traps and the large trap were set two or three times and some material collected, mostly out of the big trap, which we left behind, since we could not find it on our departure ; it had probably dropped off a ledge of rock into deep water. Several fish were caught by means of a line and a trammel net. Left St James Bay at 2 P.M. on June 2nd, and trawled about 1 mile or 1^ miles off the shore to the west in about 50 fathoms. The trawl fouled the first time and we got a very small catch ; one fish, two small crabs, a sea- urchin, two or three polychaetes and some (?) compound ascidians. On putting out the trawl a second time, it got foul of the propeller and it took the men till nearly 6 P.M. to get it clear ; they ultimately had to cut the trawl near the cod-end. On June 1st I shot three different species of birds from the dinghy. June 3rd, 14 31' S. 7 05' W. No beasts seen to-day. June 4th, 12 40' S. 9 06' W. A flying-fish came on board last night; no other animals observed. June 5th, 10 46' S. 11" 12' W. A gannet, a firmer (?) and some flying-fish were seen. June 6th, 8" 51' S. 13 20' W. Some gaunets and flying-fish were seen. June 7th, Ascension. Several gannets and tailor birds seen flying and diving about the ship ; three young gannets were caught. In the afternoon a party of us went to Wide-awake Valley. There were no live birds at the place, though plenty of dead terns (Sterna fuliginosa) were scattered over the valley. Mr Bruce got a present of twelve terns' eggs from Mr Chalmers of the Cable Company. Rankin and others caught some fish. June 8th, Ascension. A party went to the top of Green Mountain. Near the summit we saw two kinds of rats, two rabbits, a partridge, a white bird like the one obtained at St Helena, and " miner " birds black with large white round marks on the wings and a few small birds. On the way Mr Bruce caught a land crab, which does not appear to be a common animal on the island. Shore collecting did not result in much, owing to the heavy surf. Some fish were caught in the small trap lowered in 10 fathoms, as well as in the large trap in 18 fathoms. Visited the turtle ponds (Chelone mydas) in the morning and got a small turtle which we found dead. < iannets and tailor birds were seen from the ship during the day. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XXVI 11 Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. J < : I8QB8ION i<> mi. AZOUI i-'t 81 ./'//,. '.ith. Awn.tin,-. Sam.- kind> of s-a Kinls s,-<-ii an yesterday. About a dozen ti-li w. :>t 'luring tin- -lay; four large .sharks besides othn lis|, w ,. re i n tin- trammel in-t which was badly torn by the former. A tnini|>et -h'-h was cauglit in tin- large trap and -mur other- were found in the small traps. Several albacorea' or a kind of tunny wen- caught liy means of a line ; the. largest one weighed Itij Hw. One used fii ' I, Utotitei Ml HOI >-:.: < aptain M Upim and tWQ '' ::': .;...; nther ti-h wen- '.-night on the line, Imt many hook- \\.T<- .aim-d away by the large tiinnii-s. \\ ith the jiei mission of Captain M'Alpine we -ei -nied two Imliv turtles from the turtle ponds and kept them alive on hoard in a tank. / IO/A, 7 36' S. 14" 33' W. Weighed anchor early in the morning and trawled in 40 fathoms oflTyramid Point before breakfast. Secured a very rich haul about 130 fish altogether, of which about 100 were Hat-fish. Whilst the trawl was out I went away in the dinghy and shot about a do/en Kinl- in all, comprising three species, a* far a* 1 can make out, gannets, tailor birds and small black birds like the one shot at St il'-lena. I landed on a rock near the shore and found gannet- and tin- -mall birds busy in bringing up their young. They did not seem to have any m--i-. Imt -implv laid their eggs on the bare rock. Some gannets had fresh laid eggs and other- had < liieks, some of which were big birds almost ready for flight. I did not see any of the black bird's eggs, though I secured some young ones which were not able to fly. There were a great many lice on the birds. Porpoises, a Portuguese man-o'-war, wide-awakes and two or three whitc-lx-llied Wil>on's petrels ; w.-ie se.-n during the day. -/ 1 \th, 4 47' S. 1 ^ 47' W.~ I'hysftlia, flying-fish, a gannet and a few white- liellied stormy petrels \\. iv -een during the day. / I ~th, 2' 46' S. 17* 24' W. A school of porpoises were playing about the bows of the ship after In. -a k last ; however, as soon as a harpoon was brought, they all vanished. Saw an albacore jump about four feet out of the water. A large Portuguese man-o'-war, two wide-awakes, flying-fish and a Wilson's stormy jx-trel were seen : the latter bird was too far off to distinguish the species. Sea very phosphorescent since leaving Ascension. June 13th, 15' S. 18 3'J' W. The captain saw two Wilson's petrels, probably the white-bellied ones, and also a flying-fish. June 14th, 2" 09' N. 19" 26' W. Numerous flying-fish were seen during the day. One jumped on board early this morning. / "iic loth, 3 50' N. 19 58' W.- -Klying-fish, porpoises and a shark were seen. Sea very phosphorescent. Jui.c 16//I, 6 02' X. 20 33' W. The steward caught a shark, which we preserved. tailed to catch the two pilot-fish, which wen- stri[)ed like a zebra. Several porpoises, flying-fish and two or three stormy petrels, probably Wilson's, but too far off to distinguish. 1 Tkynnt albtcor*. ProUbly Cymf droma graUana. L 82 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA June 17th, T 25' N. 21 39' W. A bird, like a black-backed gull, black on the upper surface and white below, was seen before breakfast ; also flying-fish. A shark was harpooned, but got clear. Porpoises seen during the day. June 18th, 9 46' N. 21 34' W. Saw two small birds, too far off to distinguish the species, but probably Wilson's stormy petrels. Flying-fish and Physalia were conspicuous. Porpoises seen at night when the sea was very phosphorescent. June 19th, 11 32' N. 20 30' W. Wilson's petrels were seen this morning by Davidson, and an unknown bird about the size of a pigeon was seen flying about half a mile to starboard. Very many flying-fish were sporting about the ship all day long ; five specimens of Physalia were caught. June 20th, 13 07' N. 21 47' W. Three or four stormy petrels, flying-fish and a shark were seen. One small fish was caught. Sea still very phosphorescent at night. June 21st, 14 27' N. 23 30' W. Davidson saw a bird, in size somewhat smaller than a booby, tail long and narrow like a bo'sun or frigate bird, under surface greyish white, upper dark colour. Martin saw two or three gannets. Physalia and flying-fish were seen frequently. At noon the island of St Jago, Cape Verde Islands, was sighted. June 22nd, 15 25' N. 25 20' W. Davidson saw about a dozen birds answering to yesterday's description. The captain and I saw three or four birds just before break- fast, of a whitish colour, with narrow wings tipped with black and a very long pointed tail evidently frigate birds. Mr Bruce observed a bird about the size of a common gull, dark on the upper surface, white below. Physalia and flying-fish common. June 23rd, 16 55' N. 26 22' W. Same kind of birds seen as on the 21st inst. This bird is of a brownish black plumage except the breast, the abdomen and the middle part of the under surface of the wings, which are all white. Physalia, flying-fish and many bonitos were seen during the day. June 24:th, 18 43' N. 27 46' W. Mr Bruce saw a bird of the same kind as seen yesterday. June 25th, 20 19' N. 29 10' W. Flying - fish were the only animals seen to-day. June 26th, 22" 44' N. 30 35' W. A bird like a large stormy petrel, chiefly white on the under surface was seen by Mr Bruce. Flying-fish also observed. June 27th, 25 02' N. 31 51' W. Only flying-fish seen to-day. June 28th, 27 23' N. 33 06' W. Some cetaceans were seen to-day, greatly resembling "black-fish." Crabs, shrimps, hydrozoa, a gasteropod and a chaetopod were collected on some floating gulf- weed which was caught by means of a net. June 29th, 29 54' N. 34 10' W. Flying-fish were seen. A large quantity of gulf-weed passed the ship continuously in small or large floats and sometimes as many as four men were on the look-out to catch it. A good quantity was caught and a number of animals were found on it : fish, molluscs, a large number of crabs (about four species), other crustaceans, bryozoa, hydrozoa, etc. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). I', m XXIX. Zoolo-u.il Log of Scottish National Antuntu Expedition. (Pkau tfT.C. D 90. Land Cnbi ( 7WpJUa) at an altitude exceeding 2000 feet on Green Mountain. A*croioo. (I natural lite.) 9L A Cape of Good Hope Tortobe (TWtefo myulata, Schweigg) captured in Saldanha Bay. South Africa. (i natural tte.) V 8AROA880 SKA. 1901 83 ./ ..:<>''. ::-J I ! N :14 10' \V. NiiiiH-rmi- ll\inu li-li. ( Julf-we.-d -till ...utilities to lioat |in-t tin- -liii' :--al "t it i* rau^'lit ami examined Kisli, niidiliran.-li-. crabs, amphi|>od- and -lminp-. i.'a>terd>. hryo/oa. fliaeto|>od-, hvdro/on. . found I'll tin- weed. ./U' W. The captain and others saw two st<>riu\ |i-tn-ls; i-s iiiikimwii. Paviil.-un iiutcat<-l ]wi-t tin- ship to-day a vn\ >inall quantity of it, and none ./ '/*/ .!/-./. :\7 41' N. _".' _'.. W. Several small stormy petrels, possihly Wilson's, another larjje petn-1 ami u hlark-ltackod gull, possihly L'trita nuiriii"*. \\viv nutcd. A turth- lloaUnl past tin- ^hip. 1'irit-. Ma< lom.'all and Charlie caught several medusoids.* Ani])lii|MMls wen' found living epizoit-ally on tlu-m. .///// 4(1,, M7 56' N. 2'. 1 1' W. Shot ninr Wilson's petrels and tiv,- large petrels. Saw the same gull that we noticed yesterday. Trawled in the afternoon on the fiue Alice Hank 9 in 350 fathom*. Tin- nature of the bottom i> evidently very nx-ky. a?* the dynomometer showed considerable jerkiness, especially while the trawl was being hauled up, when we had frequently to delay hauling in order to ease the strain. Very poor catch indeed : about four pieces of sponge like Hyalonenia, a few pieces of coral and a medusoid, the latter evidently from the surface. A school of very white porpoises was seen. A few jelly-fish and swimming-bells were noticed passing tin- ship. f-'ty 5th and (Ml,. I-'m/nl, Azores. Saw a school of porpoises before entering the harbour. Visited the fish market, wln-n- .Mr Bruce bought a number of different species for specimens. One fish was caught in the small trap. July 7th, 39" 15' N. 26' 55' W. Wilson's petrels were following in the wake of the ship all day. Several tern- \\.-n- seen in the afternoon. In the evening some large petrels, a school of ]x.ri id a large number of jelly-fish were noted. July 8fA, 40 19' N. 24 47' W. A few Wilson's petrels and a large petrel, the same as yesterday, were seen, also a few porpoises. July '.>t I,, 41 18' N. 22 25' W. A few Wilson's petrels and a large petrel, some- thing like the ones shot on the Princesse Alice Bank, were the only animals seen. I-'fy 10th, 42 44' N. 19* 30' W. A few Wilson's petrels and the large petrel, like the ones obtained on the Prince** .//.'.. Bank, also some porpoises. 1 Aurrim tolida. ' Pelayia peHa. 1 The Pri*ft*t Alice Bank, discovered by the I*rince of Monmco, extend* from 36 40* N. to S8* W N. and from 39* 07' W. to 29 25' W., and has a depth of under 500 metres (273 fathonw). 84 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF THE SCOTIA July \\th, 44 11' N. 16 05' W. A few Wilson's petrels about. A shark was seen this morning. Very many porpoises. July 12th, 45 56' N. 12 53' W. Very many porpoises and some Wilson's petrels. July 13th, 48 23' N. 10 22' W. A considerable number of porpoises and a few , Wilson's petrels. July \th, 51 13' N. 7 20' W. A few small petrels, probably Procettariapelagica, as these breed on the Scilly Isles, but it is impossible however to distinguish this species from Wilson's petrel on the wing. The same remark applies to the last day or two. Mr Bruce saw two gannets (Sula bassana). Some herring gulls were also seen, and a bird resembling a common guillemot. July 15th, 1904. Arrived at Kingstown, Ireland. - A*^ Of TM UNIVERSITY; Or SCOT. NAT. ANT. Exp. (Vol. iv., Part i.). PLATE XXX. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. (Photo by W. S. .Bruce. 92. Omond House, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys. [I'hoto by L. H. I'alette. 93. A Giant Cuttle Fish (Onychotonthit). Captured in Jessie Bay, South Orkneys. (Length about 6 feet). Zoological Log of the Summer Station "OMOND HOUSE," SCOTIA BAY, SOUTH OKKNKYS 1 .1. I! HU:VK\ PIKIK, B.Sc., M.D., CH.B., Nov. 27th, 1903. Birds observed : skuas and terns fairly numerous, l>lack-tlin>ated and ringed penguins, shags, a few nellies, black-backed gulls. -n\\\ j -ir.-l- ant' Wil-un'.- [wtrels in the t- ven ing. Nor. 28th. Birds observed : skuas, terns, adelia and ringed penguins, -ihngs, noil gulls, one of which in immature plumage was shot, snowy petrels and Wil-.-n- petrels. Nov. 29th. Birds observed ; skuas always numerous around the house after dead birds terns, adelia and ringed penguins, shags, nellies, gulls in mature and immature plumage, a second of the latter kind being shot to-day. Snowy petrels numerous alnmt the clifls on the west side >f I'm-jim} ' Cape pigeons seen there also for first time for several days. A jwir of Wilson's petrels over Jessie Bay. ( >ne \Veildell seal on the ice in Uruguay Cove. We dug through the frozen surface of a small pool which has formed on the northern part of The Beach and got about a foot of water: amongst the -t'iu-- at the l>m we fmmd abundant c-..l]cml>liils, ! in a very livelv condition. These insects may be found under almost any stone. Nor. 30th. Birds seen : skuas, gulls, terns, adelia and ringed penguins, shags, nellies, paddies, snowy petrels and Cape pigeons. At Point Davis gulls' and terns' nests; one gull's nest with three eggs, one with two which \ve lifted, and several with one (probably first one already taken). Dec. Int. Got embryos of geutoo penguins, 10 to 18 days. A few gentoon are l>old ugh to peck at one in the rookery now, but most will still run from their nest* ; but it is not so with the adelias. who all attack fiercely if one goes amongst them. -r<- -i\ lord- -mini: ..i i, that |Nirti< ular ledire luit milv three have laid. The 6gg8 when blown proved to IK* all .|inl.- Irv-li. l.ut ih. .-i- of the -no\\\ pctrd linil been Mt upon several ila i four mote -kua-' c ::. (two dutches nf toi. Their iiesU* are on moBB-co\,-i.-d rock- alum! a height of -Jon feet, where they fashion hollow-, -moot bed otf \\nli U,-,. ],;,,,- .,' ].)..-- l'.M.i- -:' \'!\ do* "li' "H thl Mt( '!' ''.: : b \\ !. a||ir and lia\<- tn In- l'<.r<-il.ly rjf.-ird IV tin- m--I : imt alt>'_'i-tlicr a -Jil'i- |iM-iTdiiiL' -inri- tin- ntli'T liird vvlu-ds round i-|. ln-ail in a tliivatriiini; tashimi, tlimi^li oin- nr\ t-r artually toiirlicl u>. Cull's in-st on nearer nM'ky isl.-t now ha- two i-^s ; dated th.-iu. N.-st well luiilt of -.M \\i-nl, IratliiT-. moss and lichens. Took two hauls of the <\ he tir-t in 2j to 3 fathoms l.ottom gravel, the s'eoinl in 4 to 5 fathom-. Lottom gravel with clumps of weed. Surface temperature 29'l. First dre. the first of which is certainly a form we have not got before and prolmhly the second also; three small i-o|x,d-. all one species. Second dredge: several species of small amphijXMls ; ehaetopods, two or three -|M-eje- ; chitons ; small lamellil.nuichs. numerous s|mwning limpets and two other gasteropods of one species. Spawn attached U> pebbles, pnibably of some mollusc, yellowish rounded faced tetrahcdra with C^LT in-ide. Trap in 4^ fathoms contained two fish, one cushion-star and a very few amphipods. Shifted it to 6 fathoms on a lx>ttom of gravel with abundant weed clumps. /)<<-. 4tli. Was at a big rookery at north-west end of I^aurie Island beside Nigg Rock : entirely occupied l>y ringed penguins, some with two eggs, but the majority with one and some with none, so evidently they have only just commenced laying. <'c.miiiL r back along the west side of Jessie Bay I got about two do/en Cape pigeons' eggs and 18 snowy petrels'. Some Cape pigeons have not laid yet but all snowies seem to have done so. Got ten of the latter's eggs in one cave, about 35 feet above sea level, in holes in the dung-covered Hoor. These nests, unlike all others, were made either of pieces of dung or with feather-. Some were rijdit at the l>ack of cave, which was about 40 feet long and almost dark. Temperature in cave 35 a . Got four more in a similar but smaller ca\ All other usual birds seen about and no unusual ones. Weddell seal- observed. Dec. sth. Took two dredgings in Uruguay Cove. Temperature of surface between 29 and 30. First dredge 2 to 8 fathoms, bottom gravel with dumps of weed- contained small crustaceans ; limpets, one lamellibranch and several other small gastero- pods; a few pycnogons ; several small worms, one like the common large nemertean, and one small . huetopod. Second dredge 5 to 15 fathoms, gravel and mud. mainly the latter contained a considerable number of pycnogons, two cushion -stars, several small isopods, several amphipods, and some limpets. t about 50 Cape pigeons' eggs on the east side of Uruguay Cove where that bay 88 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF OMOND HOUSE opens into Jessie Bay. All are single eggs. Eleven snowy petrels' eggs got also. Numerous terns nesting there but most have not laid, and only one egg was found. One gull's nest with three eggs which were well incubated. A small petrel similar to a Wilson's petrel was caught. From a rock about 1 5 feet above the sea I heard a low whistling note, and proceeding to investigate I found in a crack what I took to be a pair of Wilson's petrels, and managed to catch one of them. Two hopelessly broken eggs were lying at the mouth of the crack, and one other one not so badly broken was brought away. It had been partly incubated. The bird was different from a Wilson's petrel, in having entirely black feet, being white on the under surface, and having feathers on back slightly tinged with white and a longer and more hooked upper mandible and a strongly up-turned tubi-nostril. 1 In evening caught a real Wilson's petrel in the cliffs above the house where they were nesting at a height of 150 to 200 feet. Three nests were all found in small cracks or crevices in the rocks, and to reach the one I caught I had to dig away both rock and earth before I could get my arm in. All three nests contained broken, partly incubated old eggs, and in one a dead young bird was got of last or some previous year. It seems as if they returned to the same places to nest, and as if last (or some previous year) the birds had been caught by an early onset of snow which stopped incubation. From 7 P.M. to 11 P.M. numerous Wilson's petrels may be seen flitting about the cliffs here and over the water, much more abundantly than during the day-time, when only a single one is occasionally seen. Shags, skuas, nellies, paddies and three kinds of penguins seen about as usual. On The Beach black-throated penguins are very common, gentoos fairly common and ringed penguins rather uncommon, probably because their rookery is much further off. Dec. 6th. There was a very low tide to-day, so we went collecting in shore pools on the west side of the head of Scotia Bay (near the magnetic stick). Almost no weed in these pools, except for a few pieces of dulce ; weed begins in about one fathom below low- water mark. Notwithstanding this, a pretty good haul was made on and under the stones of the pools. Temperature of the pools varied from 30 to 32, being rather warmer than the open water of the bay. Our collections were as follows: Four fish, small specimens of same species that is very common in the trap at about 10 fathoms; limpets, by far the most abundant of any species in the fauna, while small silvery white gasteropods (" Silver Willies") were about the next most plentiful, several other species of gasteropods and one or two small lamellibraiifhs ; two small nudibranchs of the same species as got in dredge from 10 fathoms; crustaceans of numerous small forms chiefly amphipods ; star-fish, small orange-red form pretty abundant and one yellow form, also common in 10 fathoms, one small species (about f-in.) red-brown, centre fading to white at tips of arms ; one holothurian, a species common in 10 fathoms; chaetopods, one very small form; polyzoa, one orange-coloured calcareous form encrusting the stones in scalloped pieces, 1 Fregetta melanngaster. Si or. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). I i. XXXI. Zoological Log of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. 4. Chut Petrel (Oai/nya f (MM* f r. S. Grey Variety, on Nest of Stooea. [/too t /<. r. 5. GUnl Petrel. White Variety, and Sort with K. M. Giant PrtreU White Varieties, gt 'ale Grey. Dark Grey, and 'lubber off Seal Skin. 97. Giant I'etrrl ruin* with difficulty after gaffing- .-. 'li \ BAT 90TJTH "KKNEV8, 1903 other- "ii -hells, rock ami -talked coelenteiM 1 !it s.-a anemone-, all of ..n- specie*, a kiml of vellouish -almon colour, the same. I think, as 1m i,,|...,,| ii,, m 10 fathom*, ami a -talked colonial h\ dio/oon. t'.n IIIIIPJ Wards on tin- -tone-; -|x.nges, same form a- -jut in in fathom* dredge ; p\ eiio-jon-. three to four of tin- common -mall -p. Fir-t Miiinv' adclia ]>en;:uin- were got to-day at t In- " 1 lalf Moon rookcrv. AlMiiit a >li>/.-n hatched altogether. Probably -ome were hatched \e-terdav or the dav before at tin' l>i'_r rt at llir vjinie stage of inmhatioii altliou^'li laid mi saim- datr. Tin- i- pmhalilv L-canso ail interval of two or tlnvr days has rlap-rd IM-INMTII tin- laying of tin- two eggH. and I iiH-uliution has only thoroughly slartrd after the >! -om) one was laid. If two ^ marked a< lieing of same dav of ineiihation are at different -ta-;i-. the more advaneed mie will therefore IM- the more nearly eorreet. a- tln-e figure- expre-.-. eorr.-etly at lea-t the maximum >ta^e of de\ elopinent. Other I IIP Is o east upon The Keaeh. Numeinii- Woldrll -eal- <>n the slum- alMiut Point Martin. '//. Bird- -e.-n : three -penes of penguins, gulls, nellies, skuas, jmddie-. t<-rn-. -nu\\y jietrel- and Wilson'- petrel-. Dec. 8th. Birds ..li-er\rd : rin^i-il and adelia penguins, gulls, nellies, skuas, shags, })aenguins. skuas, gulls, shags, nellies, terns, ]uiddies. Cape pigeons, snowy jwtreN and Wilson's petrel-. Skua'- neeach at Point Martin. Saw one yoiin.i: one with its first coat not yet all cast. They -eem to le in pairs. Saw one adult going into the sea between two Hoe-pieces. The gap was very narrow let ween the toe tongOflS, and the seal had to lash out vigorously with it hind Hipper* before it eoiild yet through. \V, had observed a recent bleeding sore on its Hank, and it was suggested that ice i a possible eau-e of the scars on seals. /'. 11 tli. -Down at the large penguin rookeries. Large number of young birds now but still a considerable juantity of unhatched eggs. Some of the M 90 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF OMOXD HOUSE chicks certainly a day or two ahead of those at the " Half-Moon " rookeries. No gentoo young seen. Got six skuas' eggs all single, mostly on mossy rocks, one high up on the ridge between Scotia and Buchan Bays. To one of the skuas from whom we took an egg we gave a penguin egg, and about half-an-hour later found her sitting quite contentedly on it. Got eleven paddies' eggs, two nests of three, two of two and one with one. The last we dated and left. Four of the nests were quite low down, between 10 and 20 feet above sea-level, and situated in crevices of the rock or under a boulder on the edge of the rookery usually between it and the sea. Nests composed mainly of egg-shells and penguin bones, also penguin feathers and limpet-shells. One nest was well up on the large moraine rookery, a full arm's length in under a large boulder and right among the penguins. Two other nests with no eggs. Got one Wilson's petrel's egg in cliffs above the house in the same nest where I caught the petrel a few days ago. Weddell seals on the west side of the bay as usual. Dec, 12th. At big ringed penguin rookery to N. N. W. Most of the birds have laid now. Only saw one nest with three eggs and the third was an extremely small one. At mouth of Uruguay Cove on the east side, got six Cape pigeons' eggs, and one snowy's and six terns'. All the terns' were single eggs. A skua was hovering about there, seemingly on the look-out for petrels' eggs. One sucked Cape pigeon's egg was observed. No sign of the mate of the new petrel caught there a few days ago. On rocky islet at head of Scotia Bay the shags settle every night, but there are no signs of their nesting there. A tern was seen pursuing fiercely the gull which is nesting there ; reason unknown. A couple of paddies seem to be nest-building on the islet. All birds of the islands, at least the twelve common species, observed. Lifted trap which had been down for about a week. Ice had carried it inshore a good bit ; nothing in it. Replaced it in G fathoms 011 gravel and weed, and lowered the other one near the rocky shore in dense weed, 4 fathoms. One Weddell seal seen in Uruguay Cove on a Hoe-piece. Dec: 13th. Birds: skuas, gulls, terns, Wilson's petrels, snowy petrels, paddies, adelia penguins, (?) silver petrel and nellies. Several pieces of compound ascidian thrown up on The Beach ; measured one piece, 20 feet long, and it may have been longer as another piece about 10 feet long lying beside it looked as if it had been broken off. Dec. 14th. Went to Point Davis. Expected to find young gulls and terns, but none are hatched yet. Caught a Wilson's petrel on nest (same nest as before), but no eggs yet. Found another old nest with a dead young bird in it. Other birds about : skuas, nellies, paddies, shags, adelia penguins and snowy petrels. Dec. 15th. Birds : all the twelve common species observed, and in addition a single silver petrel flying over the head of Scotia Bay. Lifted trap, 4 to 6 fathoms, Scotia Bay. Only cushion-stars and other star-fish. 1 The large rookeries about Route Point. - II \ l,\ 111 'KKNKYs 1903 91 l>i -.1 lo fathom-. ._-raveI ;inil mini. HIII- sea-urchin, one en-hion -tar. and one yell. ''.-] i and a few p\ <-\i^i\- 10 to _'(> f'al hom-. mini. ml. Trawl, ml; did m it -ink properly. Dr,-. If,//,. Cut last batch nl' embryos from littl.- rookery. Sum- half -i|n/i-ii or SO jentoo eggs hatched mi\v. Saw chipped ,... ,,f i;,tli. 14tli. ami l.'ltli N\.-ml-i . ami -<.im- of (In- hatched eggs wen- (if these dates. This gives a miniimim incubation <>f \\\ da\-. Tin- "entoos are a little im-iv courageous m>w. Imt -till some will desert a chick without showing tL'ht, though other- fought fiercely, more with flippers than with licak however: am) decidedly hard smacks they ean ive with Hipp' Other liinl- : adelia and a few linked |>cm_ r uins. -knas. ^iills, nellies, terns, jmd'i \Vil-on's and -now y petivk Dt'<\ \7f/i. All twelve lomnioii -|M>. -ie- of l>irds seen Hyinj.' alMint t'Xrept C'aj)e pi'jeon-. During last week or -o\erv few Cape [Hg8ODfl have I n ,-eeii living near The |{<>aeli. lint of course thev can alwav- lie -een on their m-sts on the west -jde of 1'ni^uay Co\e. Trap in lo fathoms, mud, eoiitaine(l three fish, a few en-himi -tars and many Inicki--. Trap No. _ -eem- to have l,eeii earned away liy a piece of ice. />,,-. I-//, I'addy'- ne-t in which m was dated (I 1th) ha- now three eggs; left them there for future use. (Jot one egfi in one of the nests in which two were got on the 1 1th. Found i ther nest with two eggs, hut unfortunately both got hroken. Adelia iM-nirnins : chicks growing rapidly. Saw mother feeding youngsters. She her head down till her bill is inclined at alnmt 45, with upper nmndilile lotivr- Then the chicks snck up the semi-digested food, brought up from her stomach, out of the hollow between the rami of the upper mandible. :I!cen got floating on the surface. Insects : some small red insects on moss (acarinids). 92 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF OMOND HOUSE Dec. 19th. Birds about: three kinds of penguins, skuas, paddies, gulls, nellies, shags, Wilson's and snowy petrels, Cape pigeons and terns. Dec. 20th.~ Birds : skuas, gulls, terns, nellies, Wilson's petrels, adelia and ringed penguins. Dec. 22nd. Birds : adelia and ringed penguins, skuas and nellies. Dec. 23rd. Birds : adelia and ringed penguins, skuas, nellies, gulls, terns, Wilson's and snowy petrels, paddies and shags. Neither the Cape pigeons' nor the gulls' nests near the house have young as yet. A dead Wilson's petrel was picked up on the snow near the house. Have not seen so many Wilson's petrels flying about lately, nor can they be seen in their nesting places where they were found first. Had dredge down twice and caught one limpet. Dec. 2ith. Young penguins got at small rookery. Birds under a fortnight old have already a small geological museum in their stomachs. Three kinds of penguins, gulls, terns, skuas, shags, nellies, Wilson's and snowy petrels, and paddies. Weddell seals on west side of the bay. Dec. 25th. Weddell seals swimming out at the head of the bay. Adelia and ringed penguins always abundant on the ice-foot now. .Skuas, gulls, terns, nellies, Wilson's and snowy petrels, and shags. Dec. 26th. Three species of penguins, gulls, skuas, nellies, terns, paddies, shags, Wilson's and snowy petrels. Weddell seals on the ice at Point Davis. Got one young gull and one young tern at Point Davis. Saw other hatched eggs but chicks were not to be seen and had probably hidden themselves, as the two we got were trying to do, especially the gull. The gull, which is about a week old, I should think, was observed to bring up a large ball of feathers ; I am trying to keep it alive. It eats pieces of penguin meat from one's hand most voraciously. Cry of both young birds like that of their parents. Trawl in 8 to 14 fathoms contained a few pycnogons. Dredge in 14 fathoms : one limpet, one cushion-star and one spiny ascidian ; but these were not bottled till 27th, when the cushion-star had " bottled " the limpet. Dec. 27th. Three species of penguins, gulls, skuas and nellies. Young gull seems to be thriving. He will not eat when shut up in his box but on the table eats penguin. bully-beef, bread, limpets, etc., greedily, and then likes some snow to slake his thirst. Shot a young male Lobodon on The Beach. His coat was dark grey, almost black dorsally, but with a little mottling of lighter colour. Underneath, the colour was silvery grey with a yellowish tint and much mottling, especially near the junction with the darker dorsal strip. The mottling was not indistinct but in very definite spots, mostly small, i.e. 1 in. or less ; flippers dark grey like back with considerable mottling ; stomach and intestine empty. Dec. 28th. Paddies : got two eggs and the bird on its nest where three eggs had already been lifted. One egg in another nest where three had previously been got. SCOT. NAT. ANT. EXP. (Vol. iv., Part i.). I'. AM \\XII Zoological Log of Scottish Nation.il Antarctic Expedition [I'lux* ky IT. X. Arm. M. GUnt PrtrrU. Nellie*, or Stoker* (Ouifnya yifomlta) NUng at Cpe Geddet. South Orkney!. M. Sheth Bill, or Paddies (CUtmii aiha\ at Perguilie IVnitisuU. MacdouaU Bajr. II \ i:.\\ l ni ORKNEYS. IK>3-104 93 Skua-: t'..ur nests \\itli two eggs ami one with oue egg on mossy r- L I.. all ;..-, , __. Cull-: one egg 1 tliink tin- second laid <>m in a n-t un the rocky i-let (Sliag Kocksl. commcncini: t<> liat.-li (.-een .Inn.- 7th). Th an im ukiti..n |MTI.! ,!' 'J7 ('up,- pi-jei.ns' eggs Dot yet liat.-ln-aiiie m-st where n liird and egg IM a I read v Keen L r 't. Tin. of |>eii!_'uiii-. ncllie>, -nowic- ami shags alxuit. Seals: 98 Weddcll -eal- lyini: "" tin- l>ea,-h at 1'oint Martin. Aliout 50 nmrc in tin- nriLililininlicMMl of tin- large rookery and --vrnil -aU -.n-n. : a liiiliithurian ami a !ir\\ -|M'. ;- c,|" , -nistacmn HtMttin^ fiitan^lrd in wrnl \\\ pi-tn-U. In a pool of melted snow mi tin- Nm-tli llrarli ^-vi-ral tape-worms won- found. If tlicy lia\- nut come from tin- dn: Kn in- most pmluililc that they an- fnuii the skuas, as they bathe very fivi|iu-ntly in that |Kol. // .(\t), (J,,t thrt-f votuiL' L'nlN at I'uint Davi>. [\\ ( which \\viv killed aung tern> -een ; I think they mu-t hide themselves. Birds: three sjM-eie-. ..1 ]M-ni;iiin>. jmddie-. -.kua-. -_ f ulU. nellic-. \\iK.in-and -imwy petrels, shagH and one Cape pi-re'.n. , t a small ehaeto|M>d wmni -wimmin^ near the surface of the water by the shore : vcein- t<> have ej^gs attached ventrally. Kxainiiied -crapings of nx-ks and mud from jKMils on mossy rocks for diat on ice in I'ruguay (.' /in. ]nt, 1904. Birds: three -pe. ies of penguin-, .-hags, nellies, ^iills ami snowii--. ./"/.. _'//. In shore pools got small neinertean- with eg^s in <'apsules atta<'hed to them, -mall Hat >ea -anemone- attaclu-d to rocks, a new species of holothnrian and -onie -mall inolhiscs. Went down to small rookery and got phonograph records; good of black-throated penguin-, hut poor one of gentooe as the birds would not stay on their nests; morc<>\, i this record got cracked afterwards. All other twelve species of bin Is except Cape pigeons. Numerous Weddell seals on The Beach. Dredge. 10 to 5 fathoms between spit and cairn, gravel, weed and mud. Temp, tnre of surface 31 '5. Contained one small fish, probably of same species as the second most common one we have got, several small isopods. a new species of heart-urchin, numerous pycnogons, some small crustaceans and molluscs. Trap. Numerous buckies, a 1- tish, and three fish of the common species. 94 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF OMOND HOUSE Jan. 3rd. Three species of penguins, skuas, gulls, nellies (three white ones out of about ten altogether), terns, shags, Wilson's and snowy petrels. Jan. kth. ^Birds : all twelve species except paddies. Cape pigeons have no young hatched as yet. A Wilson's petrel caught in an old nest with two eggs of previous year in it, both of which had never hatched. Several Weddell seals on the North Beach. Killed two females, one of which had an embryo only about 1 in. long. In its stomach were remains of abundant fish, some lamellibranchs, cuttle-fish beaks, 1 and a crustacean of a new species in fairly good condition. Plenty of nematodes in the stomach and tape-worms in the intestine. A bladder worm, a stage of a tape-worm, got in areolar tissue below the blubber. Other females had embryo 4 ins. to 5 ins. long. Stomach empty save of worms. Jan. 5th. All twelve species of birds, except paddies. Skuas very abundant, nearly 100, I should think, at seals' crans on the North Beach. Shot a white nelly, an immature gull, a tern (of which a painting was made) and a shag in apparently mature plumage, but the colouring of the eye, the wattle and the feet not well marked for painting. Jan. 6th. All twelve species of birds seen about. Jan. 7th. Whales reported blowing to westward of Saddle Island. Down at big penguin rookery. Got two fairly good phonograph records of ringed penguins. Ringed penguins hatched. Young seen, about two days old at most, but the nests we visited were not at the place where the first laid eggs were found. Young are lighter coloured than the two other species at the same age. Caught a new penguin for this locality, a yellow-crested one, probably a " macaroni." ; It was well up on the rookery amongst a crowd of adelias. Paddies' eggs chipped but not actually hatched ; incubation therefore about 28 days. Skuas not yet hatched. Gull on small rocky islet visited ; egg noted as chipped on 28th December thrown out of nest and youngster in it dead, only about half developed. Other egg addled. Other usual birds of the locality noted. Numerous Weddell seals along west side of Scotia Bay. On the North Beach got two sea-leopards, both females. (1.) 11 ft. 6 ins. long. Uterus empty. Stomach con- tained much sand, many penguin feathers and a few nematodes. (2.) 11 ft. 4 ins. long. Gut 92 feet long. Uterus empty. Stomach contained large quantity of shrimp- like crustaceans too far digested to recognise, and one set of penguin tail-feathers. Numerous worms in intestine. Both seals seemed to be in process of changing coats. The first had not proceeded far and was very indistinctly marked. The second had nearly changed and its coat was almost of a uniform length, with only a few patches of longer hair, mostly dorsal and about the head. The upper part was of darker steely-grey colour, almost black with light grey spots about 3. ins. in diameter. Young captive gull is always alive and healthy, and is growing immensely ; his 1 From the frequent occurrence of cuttle-fish beaks in the stomachs of Weddell and other seals, there was the strongest evidence for the existence of a large species of cuttle-fish. However, none were sighted until Senor Valette captured one, over six feet long, in March 1904, in Scotia lay. 1 Caiarrhactes chrysdophus. HA im B I IH "i'.KNKYS, 1904 feat!.- ?M-i:iiiniiig t<. -In-.!, lie eats almost anything in tin- \say ,>( f IMN |. in< l mat. -In--*, hits nf tohaeeo, up, it" In- ran get them, ijiiiiin i\<--. Hi* regular diet i- |ieiiguin ainl sonn- bread, luit In- seems I'mideM ..)' ti-li ami |-l.l,leu. Skua- ;i|i{)ear to eat Loth dead skuas ami dead m-llies ; Imt in-lli.-s tln-mselves eat lint: Trap lifted . "in- small M\ ami mn- huekie. ./< sf/, Birds about : three species of |>engmns, skuas, shags, m-llies, gulls, ti-niv WiNon's ainl -imwy jn-tn-U. ami paddies. In tin- droves ..t" penguins mi Tin- Beach by tin- In HIM- tin- ringed penguins an- undoubtedly "1)08868"; tln-v " |. k.-\ " tin- Mark throats and the fewgentoos. Whali- dinners) seen bin \\in-_' dose in in .li-n- Bay. Hail drediM- iluwn got nothing \vhati-vi-r in it. .Inn. '.it/,, C,i many rollcmlMiliiU mi a |M-n-iiin - carcase on The IWrh. These insects arc always to be fmiml aim.iiL'-t tin- U-arh |x-l>lili--. \\ln-n- I -U]I|NI-<- tln-v ran al\vay> get foot! in tin- t'lirni of littli- l>it> \ animal matu-r thrown up l.\ tin- sea. Thn-f s|K-i-ii- ..t jK-nv'uiii>. >kua>. m-lli.-s, gulls, terns ami \Vil>nn's |n-tr. U. - 1 I'.ir-N alKiut : three species of penguin- (ringed an- m.w liy Car tin- nn.st al.umlant mi The Beach), skuas, m-llii-s, u'ulls, shags, terns, \Vil-<,ir> and >m.w\ |H-tn-lv \Vas up at Capi- pp_'.-,,n> H.-M .il.\,- I'mguay Cove no chirks yet /".. 1 1 tli. Traps lifted one in fi fathmns-. tw.. rusliimi-star- ; mn- in 12 fathom-, two laru'i- isopods, several yellow star-fisli ami ru>himi-stars ami s< IVw amphi|MM|s. I'r.-il-j. ial tinn-s. l.ut raiight nothing. Tin- ilre adi-lia but ralln-r a sl,,,rt um- ; r\cs normal, tail \vhiti-. with two i-xtra Niil f<-atln-rs; fi-i-t pair In.th alnivt- ami In-low. Nunn-ioii> ringed iM-n.uuins, a few gcntoos, skuas, nellies, gulls, shags, terns- Wil-.m - and snowy |x-trels. : s,, mt . tapes among penguin droppings mi the ice-foot, most proliably from P. 1,-,-tica possibly howvver from P. aelfliae very improlmbly from P. JHIJHUI.* Jnn. 1'J///. Hinls about: skuas, three species of penguins, nellies, gulls, tern-, s. Wilson's and snowy petrels. . I :}fli. Cape pigeons' eggs chipped and young alive inside. This maki-s im-ulm- timi about 42 days. < 'urious birds these they sit a month on their nests before laving, and just before laying they clear out for several days, and then t.-iki- -i\ w.-i-ks t<. hat-h. NViNmi's jxjtrels : found several more nests, some with old eggs ami dead young birds. in.-.- whole eggs and three broken through stones getting into the m-sts. Nests difficult to get into, si,, cc some of the crevices where they are found are over three feet Kggs seem quite fresh yet, not long incubated. All other species of birds observed about. Hourly temperature observations are being taken on a ringed penguin. 1 This nippomtion has fine* been verified. ' It WM since found that, while almont all *pecimeM of P. papua and P. onlarriica contained tape worm*, P. adtitat WM alwav* free of them. 96 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF OMOND HOUSE One Weddell seal (male) on the North Beach. Jan. lith. All usual birds seen about except Cape pigeons. A female Weddell seal shot on the North Beach ; uterus and stomach empty. A whale seen blowing out in Jessie Bay, plunging like a grampus. Got another Wilson's petrel's egg, a dead young bird and an old unhatched egg in same hole. Killed young gull to-day ; it was dying, and had been unable to stand for nearly a week ; it ate heartily up till last night. Jan. 15th. All usual birds seen about. At Point Davis no young terns to be seen and only one egg left, while only two young gulls visible. I think the majority were hidden. At Ailsa Craig a great number of ringed penguins, also paddies, Cape pigeons, Wilson's petrels, skuas, shags and nellies. The last three species were not found nesting there. Whale (? grampus) seen blowing near Point Davis. Weddell seal shot on the North Beach ; it contained an embryo. Great numbers of compound ascidians floating about the Bay. Traps lifted : star-fish, cushion-stars, large nemerteans, a few amphipods, two isopods, one with a parasitic worm attached ; but worm lost in bottling. Jan. 16th. All usual birds seen about. Jan. 17 th. Down at large rookery. Caught two more crested penguins in exactly the same place as last one. Young adelias are beginning to lose their down. The rookeries are in a greater mess than they have ever been. The dirt and smell are dis- gusting. Young paddies with rather patchy dark brown down. Skuas not yet hatched. One sea-leopard seen in the water ; numerous Weddell seals on beach. On The Beach at the house got part of a compound ascidian with what are, I suppose, young attached round spikelike balls like heads of sea-kale. Jan. 18th. Got young Cape pigeon for skin, five days old. Got also three more Wilson's petrels' eggs and one adult for skin. All other usual birds seen about. A female sea-leopard killed on North Beach, 14 feet 8|- inches long; uterus empty; stomach contained only fish remains and lamellibranch shells. Jan. 19th. Birds observed : all twelve common species except Cape pigeons and snowy petrels. Jan. 20th. Birds : three species of penguins, skuas, nellies, gulls, shags, Wilson's petrels and terns. Lifted traps nothing but star-fish. Had long dredge haul up-hill and caught nothing but one limpet. Jan. 21st. Three species of penguins, skuas, nellies, gulls and Wilson's petrels. Got several tape-worms from intestine of ringed penguins. They are short tape-worms with a cyst, developing in the outer layers of the gut in which the head of the tape is embedded whilst the body hangs out into the main gut, chiefly near the pylorus. Jan. 22nd. Birds : three species of penguins, nellies, skuas, gulls, terns and Wilson's petrels. HAY, s ( ,ri|i i>KKSi;<|s l04 7 ./',_':(//. Sainr hirdsasyeMcidax the penguins, In have nearly all left Th Beach iiixl nut a <\\\>\<- of dozen ri'inain. Latterly Mos-man lias hecn noiin^ a haliit of their- during tin- night time. I'p till '..'.in A.M. they lie -Ici-pim.; peaceably; then -.MI,- Tin- i. NYllirs. >kna-. ti-rn-. \\il-mi'- pi-tn-1- and '_'iill-. Smith iv|x>rti-d .-i-i-iny t\\u i-ntin-lv \vliit- liirds about the >i/<- ut" -,'nlls. ('apt- pim-mi- >.-.-ii tlvini; UM-I- \\'iltf ijut. No tape-worms in lilm-k-tlinmti-d |M-n L'uin- killi-d to-day. I in. '2Mli. Tlnvi- -|H-rii- uf |N-n^uiiis, m-llii's, ijulls, .-kna>. tTii- and \\'il.-mi's IM-U.-I-. \Vi-ddi-ll -<-al- swiuuniii<; in Srotia BJIV. Amongst nxits ut \\ 1 thrown up mi shore of t'ruguay Cove, got numnmis "worms" of various kinds, also holothnrian- and uphiuroids. -~t/i. Black-throated and ringed penguins, nellies, skuas, gulls, terns, Wil-mi'- pftrels and one shag. Seals in Inith Si-otia Bay and .Jessie liay. Jo J-'/i. Got two young snowv j)etrels on east side of .lessic Bay, hut tin- jian-nt hird- \\viv not at home in either case. The birds emitted a harsh whistling note like tho old mu- and ejei-ted red fluid from their stomachs just as the pan-nt- do ; stomachs ammnad full of red crustaceans. A Wilson's petrel egg also found. Ahoiit half-a-dozen young adelia penguins appeared on The Beach to-day, and smne got as far across as the North Beach. The note of the young bird is very like the " maa maa" of a very young lamb. Some had not entirely lost their down, and the white ring round the eye is in none of them showing more than a trace of white. Others birds about: three species of penguins, gulls, skuas, nellies, tern-. \\ il-mi - petrels and snowy petrels. Jaii. -Jit///. Visited the large penguin rookery : the great majority of the young adelias have not yet taken to the water since the casting of the down is not completed. Tin- process commences on the breast and under parts of the body, neck and Hippers, and then on the dorsal aspects, the last parts to cast being generally above tin of the tail ami at the base of the Hippers, and finally the crown of the head. The young gentoo penguins have not yet tagun to lose their down. N 98 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF OMOND HOUSE Noted numerous cases of the young chasing the parent bird about to get food, but the parents seem to be getting tired of the game and generally tried to run off and avoid it, though the maternal instinct proved rather strong and would urge them to stop and have compassion. How the young get into the water we did not see, but, the plunge once taken, they are very soon left to shift for themselves, as the young birds we have seen on The Beach were sometimes unaccompanied by any adult adelia penguin. If they happened to be, the latter took no apparent interest in the youngsters. Even on the rookeries young birds are to be seen congregated in parties of a dozen with no, or perhaps one, old bird near them. But this early turning adrift makes the young bird pay a heavy toll. Abundant remains of recently killed young ones are lying all over the place, while nellies, filled to repletion, are waddling all around and sleeping on the snow slopes above the moraine. Nemesis, in the person of a scientist, overtook one of these unwary sleeping murderers, but in return it was immortalized on a photographic film before being sent per express to join its ancestors in the happy hunting-ground where all is blood and blubber. Scores of skuas and dozens of gulls flying in flocks about the nellies as jackals do about lions, assist in completing the tale of this Herodian holocaust, making up in numbers what they lack in rapacity. Some of the skuas' eggs are just chipping but the majority are hatched, and the young birds, which are at the outside a week old, have already begun to wander out of the nest, and the little light-brown masses of down are very difficult to make out against the background of brown moss. Two were taken for specimens. One young paddy was taken, with the white feathers beginning to develop under the dark yellow- brown down ; it would be about a fortnight old. Two more crested penguins were caught, one, an old bird, on the shore just below where the previous three were got the other, at the same place as the previous ones, appears to be a this year's bird, from the size and immature appearance of the beak and crest. If this is so, do these birds breed in the South Orkneys or has this youngster made the long journey from South Georgia or the Falkland Islands to here at this early stage of its career ? A gull was shot which appears to be a this year's bird. Ringed penguins, terns, Wilson's petrels and a few shags also noted. Numerous Weddell seals round the shore. Traps lifted : two isopods ; when they were put in a basin, a worm was observed which seemed like the one previously noted as parasitic on this animal, but I did not actually observe this one attached to the isopod. Also a few star-fish and cushion- stars, one polychaete and some amphipods. Jan. 30th. Three species of penguins, nellies, skuas, gulls, terns, Wilson's petrels and shags. At the skuas' nests on the moraine, on the west side of Scotia Bay, we got one young bird. The skuas are not appreciably fiercer with young than with eggs, SCOTIA H\\ -.1 III MKKNKVS. 1904 although it" tin- dog was near l>y they pur-iied him more rm-r^ftH ally, swooping over him and hitting him a ^-"i -mm k with their feet. Thev tl\ <>\f chanu'ini: coats ; som<- f\'ii have a complete old coat, of whirh tin- . an i-a-il\ IM- piilh-d nut. Thi-n ajrain the colour varies greatly, and ajwrt fnm actual variation- it differ* acconling to your point of \ii\v, i.e. t whrtln-r you look from tor;ird with tin- li<- <>t the hair, abeam, or from aft for'ard a-am-t the grain. \Vln-n looking aft, and to a less extent abeam, there is a silvery sort >) >hrrn which is e, some limpets, sea-spiders, and small gasteropods and am phi pods. 100 ZOOLOGICAL LOG OF OMOND HOUSE Second haul, about 6 fathoms, sandy mud : several heart-urchins, some molluscs, (including a new species of brachiopod) and abundant worm-tubes. Third haul, in similar conditions to second : a small fish, a heart-urchin, and some dead lamellibranch shells. Feb. 2nd. Birds : three species of penguins. An albino ringed penguin caught of a very fine white colour ; parasitic insects found oil it. Skuas, nellies, gulls, terns, .shags and Wilson's petrels. There being a low tide to-day we went shore-collecting. In Uruguay Cove in pools amongst boulders under the glacier face, we got a good many small amphipods, a few limpets, pycnogons and small orange coloured star-fish. In rock pools on the west side of Scotia Bay we got numerous amphipods, a broken - off fixed tunicate, probably only washed up into the pool, several small disc-like coelenterates of the same species as already got (drawn and painted) some were .adherent to the stones and some swimming free in the pools limpets, small molluscs (gasteropods chiefly), small orange-coloured star-fish and copepods. Feb. 3rd. Three species of penguins, skuas, Wilson's petrels and several flocks of -Cape pigeons, the first occasion these latter have been seen for a long tinle. Feb. 4th. Three species of penguins, skuas, nellies, gulls, terns, Wilson's petrels, Cape pigeons and a flock of snowy petrels the first of these seen for some time and one shag. Wilson's petrel : after dark, especially on still nights, they keep up an almost continuous noise all through the night. They make two sorts of noise, first a low whistle, short but repeated at intervals of a few seconds. I found it almost impossible to locate the birds from this note ; one never seems to get any nearer it when trying to follow it up. Secondly, they utter a harsh screaming chuckle, practically the same as that of the snowy petrel. The nearest resemblance I know to it is the noise of the wooden twirling toy, known as the " corncrake." They do not indulge in the peculiar mixture of clucking and cooing that the Cape pigeons do while sitting on their nests. Feb. 5th. Three species of penguins, skuas, nellies, gulls, terns, Wilson's and snowy petrels. Was up at Cape pigeon's nest ; youngster still in down and just a little bigger than the young snowy petrels got lately, from which it may be fair to conclude that the .snowy petrels sit about the same length of time as the Cape pigeons. Young Weddell seal on The Beach. Female sea-leopard killed on the North Beach : uterus empty ; stomach contained penguin remains. "It was in a half-completed state of moulting. Total length over all, 11 ft. 8^ ins. Feb. 6th. Four species of penguins, i.e., the three ordinary species and a single specimen of the crested penguin, a young bird, again caught on The Beach. Skuas, gulls, nellies, terns, Wilson's and snowy petrels. Sea-leopard in Jessie Bay. Feb. 7th. Three species of penguins, skuas, nellies, gulls, terns, Wilson's and snowy petrels and shags. A young tern on the beach on the west side of Scotia Bay has SCOT. NAT. ANT. Kxr. (VoL iv., Part i.). PLATE XXXIII oal Log of Sinttish National Antarctic ^|lMU h, J. II. H. Mrt4. 100. Black-throated Penguin (1'gy^ftUi adtlia) Feeding iU Young. 101. BUck-tnnwtcd Penguin Rookery on Ferrier PenliuuU. South Orkney*. HAY, SOUTH ORKNIYB, MOi 101 almost lost all it- down : its pinning- i- now of a mottled lilit brown, tun. li the a- tliat iif \ounu' iMill-. Numerou- Wrddell -eals mi tliat Ix-a. li. / Three -|e. ic> of |M'ii'_'ui!i-. -kua-, nellie*. gulU, terns \Vil-on'- petrels and shags. / Throe speciea of penguins, skuas iidlir-. uull-. tern- ami \Vil-on - \ irola. Shan- : nil hag8 seen lately have Keen solitary l>inl- ; no tloeks ha\e been observed. l>urini: the la-t day or SO no adult, but only young adelias. have been -een. All arc now putting on weight, ami we are getting rinyed ami gentoo |icn<:uins up to Id ami 17 His. ri'sjM-etively. / ' /.. \otli. - Thn-f species of peniinin-. skuas, nellies, ulls, t-nis, \\il-on- ami -iiowy petrels. / 1 /, i \th. Four sjMvii-s of jH-nvnins, im-linlinu oiu- i-ivstol |n-niiin at the usual place at the rookery. Aclelias : not a sin-Jr ailult liinl seen at the nn>kery (r in tin- Imy. ami \.-rv f-w voiing ones. Gentoos : yoiin.-: "in I* \ t\\.i cases. A Very heavy -urf in I'ruguay (.'o\e. ami a rin^el IM iiLMiin had a luid time landing there, bleeding about the head, baek and flippers. They can go out easily enough, but landing is not quite so simple. 1'a.i.li.- yoiiny birds have lost most of their down and got white plumage; they are not Hying yet. \Ve brought l>ack two alive. Skuas : dark feathers appearing on the wings and along the sides of the breast. Shags : a small ti-k out in the bay. Nellies, terns, U 'iills. Wilson's and snowy petrels also seen. Several Weddell seals on The Beach and one young Lobodoti. The skin of the latter i- a very fine silvery white looked at generally, but several shades darker if looked at from behind forward a- in the \\Yddell seal ; all new coat no moulting, not spitted at all venimlly, but dor>ally it is rather darker with small spot- of silvery white; no \ .-How or green tinge about it : flippers a uniform dark mousey brown. Had a bad sear obliquely across the middle of the baek. /'./,. \-2tl,. Tlnre s]H-i-ie.s of penguins, skuas nellies, gulls, tern-, \\il-.n - |x-ti.-|-. Feb. \3th. Gentoo and ringed penguins, skuas nellies, gulls, terns. \\ 'il-.n - ami snowy petrels. Feb. Hth. Gentoo and ringed penguins, skuas, nellies, gulls, terns, Wilson's petrels ami Cape pigeons, the latter in Jessie Bay. Return of the " Scotia." Index References are not given to bare records of the occurrence of a species. ABROLHOS BANK, 3 albacore, 81 Aptenodytes forsteri, see penguin, emperor Argentine coast, 62, 63 Ascension, 80, 81, Azores, 83 BURDWOOD BANK, 61 CAPE PIGEON, eggs of, 86, 87, 90 habits of, 86 nesting of, 51, 54, 56, 57, 59, 86, 95 young of, 8, 95, 96, 100 Cape Town, 78 Cape Verde Islands, 2, 82 Catarrhactes chrysolophut, see penguin, macaroni Chionis alba, see sheathbill Coats Land, 67, 68 Daption capensis, see Cape pigeon Dassen Island, 78 discoloured sea, 4 dredge, 3, 17 to 43, 87, 90 to 93, 95, 96, 99, 100 FALKLAND ISLANDS, 6, 62, 64 Fayal, 83 freezing of animals, 22, 23 Fregetta melanogaster, nest and egg of, 88 GIESBRECHT NET, 39, 40, 41, 42 Gough Island, 75, 76 gulf-weed, 82, 83 gull, black-backed, eggs of, 57, 58, 85 to 88, 93, 94 . nesting of, 49, 51, 52, 57, 58, 85, 87 young of, 91 to 96 HEXSEN QUANTITATIVE NET, 12 INSECTS, antarctic, 8, 16, 52, 85, 91, 93 95 Larus domimcanus, see gull, black-backed Leptonychotes weddelli, see seal, Weddell Lobodon carcinophaga, see seal, Lobodon. Macrorhinus leoninus, see sea-elephant Madeira, 1 Megalestris antarctica, see skua NET, Giesbrecht, 39, 40, 41, 42 Hensen, 12 Scotia closing, 14 trammel, 79, 88 vertical, 67, 68, 70, 71, 75, 78 Notothenia coriiceps, data regarding, 19 to 40, 42 Oceanites oceanicus, see petrel, Wilson's Ommatophoca rossi, see seal, Ross Ossifraga gigantea, see petrel, giant Pagodronia nivea, see sheathbill penguin, adelia, eggs of, 52 to 55, 86 young of, 89, 91, 96, 97, 98, 101 captive, 35, 36 eggs dated, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 85, 86, 89, 91 emperor, captive, 69, 71, 73, 74 habits of, 11, 67 gentoo, eggs of (see also eggs dated), 53 to 57 young of, 97, 101 habits of, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21, 35, 36, 47 to 60, 86, 91, 95 to 98, 101 macaroni, 94, 96, 98, 101 moulting of (see also penguins, young of), 11, 12, 97, 101 nesting of, 8, 48 to 60, 65, 86, 87 ringed, eggs of, 8, 60, 86, 90 young of, 94, 101 petrel, giant, eggs of, 56 habits of, 45, 48, 51, 53, 58, 95, 98 nesting of, 56 snowy, eggs of, 86, 87, 88, 90 habits of, 9, 55, 56 IM'KX 103 petrel, inowy, neating of young of. \\ .IW*, egg* of, 90, 94 to 97 lml.it- ,.f. 100 Mating 90 . '. '.- Prineeaae Alice Bank, 83 penguin i.i IBLAXD, 8 St Helen*, 80 >s2 Saldanha Bay, 78, 79 Scotia Bay, 16 to 60, 65, 80 to 101 aca-ekpha: ea-leopard, tee eal, leopard aa-lion, 64 ed, leo|*rd, habit* of, 9, 59, 94, 96, 99, 100 moulting !'. '.'I. 100 Lubodtm, captive, 65 liabit* of, 7 U. 10, 12, 13, 36, S9,.'Jl, 101 moulting of, 9, 15 Koea, habiUof, 6, 68, 91 Weddell, captive young, 43, 44, 46, 47, 51 habito of, 16 to 18, 25,30, 35, 39 to 49, 51, 86, 89, 94, 99 i II. moulting of, N9, 99 young of, 40 to 50 hag* egg*, 5 abeathbill, egg* of, 90, 81 habiuof. 17. is. .:, ::. :,, :,i Mating of, 57, 86, '.0 v.'in \ 96, 100 xiphoiiuphoro tentacle*, 6, 13, 15, 60, 67 kua, egg* of, 86, 87, 89, 90, 93 habiu of, 52 to 55, 57, 65, 90, 94, 95, to 99 netin ..f. :>'.'. -7, 90 J-OUIIK .f, '.IH, 101 South Afri.-a, 7- South Orkney*, 8, 15 to 60, 65, 85, 101 Stanley, Port, 6, 62, 64 SUnorkyncliu* Itpttmift, too seal, lev|>*rd Sterna kiriimlnutcea, tee tern nun-fish, 5, 62 TIRXB, egg* of, 56 to 59, 86, 88, 90, 95 nesting <>f, 52, 57, 58, 65 young of, 91, 92, 100 trap, 18 to 40, \*. l.\ (7. :.:. f.i. ;-. 7.\ 76, 80, 87, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 98 trawl, 13, 14, 15, 61, 68, 69, 70 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, -0, 81, 83 otter, 78, 86, 91, ERRATA. All through read " starfish." nt " >tai-fili. Pa- etv* " read " f a-. 3, Dec. 20th. /i." M',. footnote 2, for " "!j>/i"i< <>rc\\\ - ., g^j^ng rfati .. 1)y(lrol , ' 18, footnotf '2,for 20, April '2'2m\,ji>r lir>, in< h; cusbiou stars." 1 nimilarly in otln-r |>laces. ft .liiiu- 1st anlii]>d- and 15G cushion stars, one of which had four arms." 61, line 23,/or "bryozou " /<"/ l>n/ozoon." " II.. _'Gth and 28th. /.-/ " /Minium" read " Salj- 87, Feb. 29th, apti..n. \\iv.-Fig. 73,/or " Thonn-lln read " Thouarelln Fig. 85,/or - Jackass " read " Black foot ith\s." r. NAT. ANT. E\t>. (\'<>i i\ , I'.in i.) MAP I Zoological Log of thr i-v-Mp.i " Scottish National Antarctic Expedition Scoil.ind 10 Coats and TRACK CHART OF THE "SCOTIA.- IOO2-IBO4, BY WILLIAM S. BRUCE. LL.D A><>l<".;li .1! 1 ' > Of tl v \ tvn&jrc \ f- . A r . <