- 
 
 California horticultural 
 
 society. 
 
 Report of the second An- 
 nual fair, held in the city 
 of San Frencisco. 
 
 1858
 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES 
 
 
 ROBERT ERNEST COWAN
 
 REPORT 
 
 SECOND ANNUAL FAIR 
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
 
 HELD IN THE 
 
 CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO, 
 
 From the 2nd to the 26th September, 
 1858. 
 
 SAX 
 
 TOWNE & BACON, PUINTKK*. KXCKI.SIOK HTKAM 1' 
 
 SIUKKI. I 
 
 1 s.m.
 
 REPORT 
 
 SECOND ANNUAL FAIR 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
 
 HELD IN THE 
 
 CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO, 
 
 From the 2nd to the 26th September, 
 1858. 
 
 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO: 
 
 TOWNE & BACON, PRINTERS, EXCELSIOR STEAM PRESSES, 
 
 No. 125 CLAY STREET, COR. SANSOME. 
 
 1858.
 
 c m 
 
 ANNUAL EEPORT. 
 
 In the closing of the Second Annual Exhibition of the California Horticultural 
 Society, the Executive Committee find the greatest encouragement to future effort 
 in the widely awakened interest, exchange of knowledge and productions in our 
 diversified climate, with an actual four fold increase in the amount of products exhib- 
 ited, while there is a double number of varieties of every product shown. 
 
 The Fruit Conventions, in connection with the Exhibition, were numerously at- 
 tended and the records show the observation of many facts which will be of great 
 importance to the success of fruit culture in the State. 
 
 The Executive Committee, in reviewing the Exhibition this year presented, find 
 ^ the bulk of the product is from the basin commencing at Alameda, on the east side 
 ^2 of San Francisco Bay, extending round the bay southward to San Mateo, on the 
 >T west side of the bay. 
 
 The next greatest product is from the Napa and Sonoma valleys the greater 
 
 2 heat of which had accelerated the ripening and color of what are ordinarily winter 
 yz fruits. The lesser product was from the valleys of the San Joaquin and Sacramento 
 S the Fair being too late for the early ripening fruits, and as yet the cultivation of 
 
 3 late varieties has not made great advance in that region. We find, in all, from one 
 hundred and sixteen contributors, one hundred and twenty-two varieties of Apples, 
 thirty-five varieties of Peaches, eighty-two varieties of Pears, and forty-eight varie- 
 ties of Grapes. All good, many excellent. 
 
 We find, also, many Seedlings of great promise, and a determination, induced by 
 their superior excellence, to add to the number. 
 
 The Reports of Committees, while showing the awards, also in many cases, give 
 the views of Committees, which often could be enlarged upon with decided benefit ; 
 and we beg here to remark, for future guidance, that accompanying exhibits made 
 hereafter, a detail of soil, climate and method of culture will be required to aid the 
 Committees in making up their reports, the more necessary from the novelty of 
 climate and soil, and diversity of horticultural opinion in regard to some of the great- 
 est interests of the State. 
 
 In this connection, we particularly desire to call the attention of the vine growers 
 throughout the State to the importance of noting the effects of the varied soils and 
 
 302368
 
 systems of pruning ; also of the effects of the late and early frosts on the different 
 imported varieties ; also as to the success of the vineyards planted from cuttings or 
 rooted plants on the more dry or warmer soils. This course would early enable the 
 Executive to disseminate reliable information in regard to this valuable California 
 staple of commerce. 
 
 The Executive found a most generous patronage on the part of the citizens of San 
 Francisco and adjacent counties and the strongest interest in their well-doin;;. For 
 the reasons above given, that all parts of our State cannot be fairly represented at 
 one Exhibition late in the season, we recommend hereafter, monthly or semi-annual 
 Exhibitions, being assured there is sufficient public interest in the success of Califor- 
 nia horticulture to support their efforts. 
 
 F. W. MACONDRAY, 
 W. WADSWORTH, 
 W. N. THOMPSON, 
 B. S. FOX, 
 J. W. OSBORN. 
 
 The Annual Fair was opened in the city of San Francisco, September 1st, 1858. 
 The decoration, opportunity of display and enthusiastic interest of the members of 
 the Society, aided in producing a gathering of the State's hoi ticultural resources to 
 an extent cheering, not only to the friends of horticulture, but to all who have an 
 interest in the future of California. 
 
 In absence of the President, F. W. Macondray, the meeting was called to order by 
 J. "W. Osborn, Vice President. The officers of kindred societies were requested to 
 come on the stand, where were found the officers of the Mechanics' Institute ; Mr. 
 Ely, delegate from the Ohio Agricultural Society ; Mr. Silver, delegate from the 
 Pennsylvania Horticultural Society; and Mr. Sweezy, delegate from the California 
 State Agricultural Society. 
 
 Mr. Osborn then stated that the Society was formed two years ago, by some fifteen 
 gentlemen interested in California progress, and now numbered nearly one hundred 
 members. The previous year's exhibition had been gotten up at a short week's 
 notice, while the present, though the result of a year's organization, was, from the 
 unfavorable season, not a fair sample of California fruits or orchards. Large fruit- 
 bearing districts were not represented ; and he would have no one, especially strangers, 
 think they had seen all that California soil and climate was capable of producing ; 
 but at some future exhibition, when the season is more propitious, California orchard- 
 ists, and her young orchards, would be fairly represented, in increased beauty and 
 size of product. He would now introduce to the audience his fellow-member, the 
 Hon. Wilson Flint, to deliver the annual address. Mr. Flint came forward, and 
 spoke as follows : 
 
 MR. PRESIDENT, MEMBERS OF THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, AND 
 LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : If eloquence alone was required to commemorate with
 
 fitting record the multifarious and wonderful productions of the garden, which you 
 exhibit at your second Annual Fair, then the eloquence adequate to sufficiently ex- 
 press the amazement which all feel on this occasion, as we view the teeming abun- 
 dance of Pomona's ambrosial gifts, must be found, not in the poor language which 
 I am privileged to address to you, but in 
 
 " Whatever earth, all bearing mother, yields 
 In India, East or West, or middle shore, 
 In Pontus or the Punic coast, or where 
 Alcinous reigned, fruits of all kinds, in coat, 
 Hough or smooth rind, or bearded husk, or shell." 
 Or, 
 
 " On the humid flowers, that breathed 
 Their morning incense, when all things, that breathe 
 From the earth's great altar, send up silent praise." 
 
 That manifestations of surprise should be general from a large number of those 
 who visit your exhibition, is natural, because to this day the great majority of our 
 citizens regard our State only as a temporary place of sojourn, and seldom take the 
 trouble to inform themselves correctly about our horticulture. Indeed, the bleak and 
 barren prospect surrounding this metropolis, is apt to unfavorably impress the stranger 
 with our facilities for pomological eminence, and as he makes a hurried visit to our 
 grain districts, he marks a general absence of gardens and orchards, and it is only 
 when visiting our markets or fair, that he becomes convinced that our horticulture is 
 keeping pace with all other industrial pursuits. 
 
 That horticulture in California has many difficulties to encounter is evident from 
 the fact that our soil is of recent secondary formation, and is generally deficient in 
 those rich leaf molds which can only be produced by the rotation of forest trees. To 
 supply this deficiency is the first thought of the scientific horticulturist, and I may re- 
 mark that this constitutes the material difference between agriculture and horticulture ; 
 for be it remembered, there is a wide difference between the two pursuits. Agricul- 
 ture is that kind of husbandry which looks mainly to the largest breadth of acres under 
 subjection, erroneously calculating that the more acres are planted, the greater will 
 be the pro rata of profits on the investment made. A system of false economy, 
 which wholly denies, or grudgingly appropriates a meager and worthless corner to 
 the kitchen garden and orchard. A system of impoverishment and exhaustion, 
 which, by the succession of crops, garnered and sent to distant markets for consump- 
 tion, returns none of the atoms drawn from the land, but meets the demands of the 
 famishing soil with a cheaper and more superficial cultivation. This is what has im- 
 poverished the James' River lands of Virginia, the Genessee country of New York, 
 the prairies of Michigan, the " openings " of Mississippi, and the plains of California ; 
 for it is a startling truth that the yield per acre of the cereals, all over the once rich 
 valleys of our State, is so much on the decrease that with the immense increase 
 annually of breadth of land put into grain, still the amount produced is not much 
 greater in the aggregate. In some of the localities I have mentioned, agriculture 
 has been abandoned on account of the exhausted condition of the soil, and young
 
 6 
 
 forests have taken possession of the discarded premises, and are yearly teaching heed- 
 less men the rudiments of horticulture, by annual deposits of leaf mold, which, in 
 nature's good time, will restore its primitive richness. 
 
 Horticulture, on the other hand, is that application of labor which calls in the aid 
 of science, and applies chemical tests in analyzing the soil, so that superfluity may be 
 checked or deficiency supplied. Laborious, tedious and oftentimes expensive, this 
 mode of preparation and cultivation can only be applied to a limited quantity of land, 
 compared to the large grain farms ; yet, when a comparison is made between the two 
 .systems of labor for the supply of human food, it will be found that in every case the 
 garden and orchard are the most profitable. If an estimate be made of the cost of 
 the daily food consumed in large cities, it will be found that the orchard and vegeta- 
 ble garden contribute fully equally with the harvest field, while the amount of land 
 covered by the latter is as fifty to one of the former. 
 
 The science of horticulture grew out of the necessities of dense population, and 
 attained high perfection ages since, not only among the civilized nations of Europe, 
 but in Egypt, Palestine, India, and the Chinese Empire. We learn frern the few 
 gleams of light thrown upon the industrial pursuits of the people by the historian, 
 that great labor was devoted and enriching cultivation given to the lands in the neigh- 
 borhood of cities, as in those remote ages transportation from a distance was tedious 
 and expensive. Not only have the achievements of horticultural science been trans- 
 mitted to us on the rude parchments of the dead languages, but when we explore 
 this vast continent, we are enabled to trace with accuracy the moldering outlines of 
 gigantic aqueducts, which once conveyed broad rivers from mountain glens to ver- 
 dant plains, watering from their artificial sources the parched earth, that it might 
 bring forth seed time and harvest for the myriads of human kind once peopling the 
 great plains of our Colorado all now, except those speechless monuments, with their 
 illegible inscriptions, passed into dim oblivion. 
 
 Indeed, horticultui-e was the first occupation of man, as appears recorded in the 
 first pages of Sacred History, where Adam and Eve, 
 
 " On to their morning's rural work they haste, 
 Among sweet dew and flowers ; where any row 
 Of fruit trees over woody, reach too far 
 Their pampered boughs,"and needed hands to check 
 Fruitless embraces ; or they let the vine 
 To wed the elm ; she, spoused, about him twines 
 Her marriageable arms, and with him brings 
 Her dower, the adopted clusters, to adorn 
 His barren leaves." 
 
 Thus man, created a little lower than the angels, was made lord of the earth, and 
 placed in charge of Paradise, that garden planted by the hand of Deity, and given 
 instinct of knowledge to train its walks with symmetry in keeping with the order 
 established by the Great Architect ; celestial labor, which called them forth from 
 flowery couches at early morn, to breathe its dewy fragrance ; or with enraptured eye,
 
 trace the outlines of mountains, hills, valleys, lakes, rivers, fountains, rills and spark- 
 ling jets, as Aurora, from the gray east, dispels night's shadows, and spreads over all 
 effulgent light, giving the mortal vision an ideal of the grandeur when God said, Let 
 there be light, 
 
 " And forthwith light 
 
 Sprung from the deep ; and from her native east, 
 
 Sphered in a radiant cloud, 
 
 Sojourned the while." 
 
 The pleasures enjoyed by our first parents while tending the Garden of Eden, have 
 been the prolific theme of historian sand poets ; they have given divine inspiration 
 to the theologian, and lent an air of mysterious charm to the mythology of ancient 
 nations, and it is only after their expulsion from those happy realms that we are 
 brought to view 
 
 " A field 
 
 Part arable and tilth, whereon were sheaves 
 New reaped ; the other part sheep walks and folds. 
 
 Thither auon 
 
 A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought 
 First fruits, the green ear and the yellow sheaf." 
 
 Plainly we are told in Sacred History that Adam and Eve were expelled from the 
 horticultural beauties of Eden, because of their disobedience of the rules imposed for 
 their moral and social government, and for this were they sent out upon the bleak 
 earth to become farmers and till the soil, and by the sweat of the brow, to eat their 
 bread all the days of their life. 
 
 I am often reminded of this warning found in Sacred History when I see at this 
 day persons disposing of their little homestead gardens, whose luscious fruits have 
 cost the good portion of a lifetime to mature, seemingly having no regrets as they 
 assume the more laborious duties of farming, or encumber themselves with the anxi- 
 eties and mutations of the metropolis. 
 
 The remembrance of the beauties of Eden clung fast to the minds of Adam and 
 Eve, and were handed down from generation to generation, tradition preserving un- 
 dimmed the glories and splendors of the primeval period, creating in each successive 
 age a more refined and cultivated taste, which led to the desire for gardens and rural 
 retreats, which, so far as human skill could fashion, might to some extent imitate, free 
 from profane emulation, that unapproachable paradise planted and watered by the 
 hand of the Creator. 
 
 It is to horticulture that every country is mainly indebted for its permanent pros- 
 perity, and as an illustration of this, look at some of the best valleys in our State, 
 where a land tenantry system of occupation prevails. There the population being 
 nomadic, coming and going with the close of the harvest, having no permanent inter- 
 est in the soil, a skimming cultivation is adopted, orchards are not planted, hedges 
 made, houses built fit for women and children to live in, nor does the transient citizen 
 feel that identity of interest in the social and political welfare of the country, which it 
 should be his pride and ambition to foster.
 
 8 ' 
 
 Fellow-citizens : It is with heartfelt emotions that I congratulate you upon the 
 successful establishment of a State Horticultural Society, and however feeble my 
 efforts to do justice to the great occasion you now celebrate. I shall ever regard it as 
 one of the proudest actions of my life, to have the honor of having presented to you 
 your first annual address. 
 
 The labors which your society will have to perform in the brilliant future, which 
 opens to our hands new and untried fields, by the development of the Pacific coast, 
 are of a multifarious nature and gigantic magnitude. You enter upon an exploration 
 where much of the experience which you obtained in other countries, and other climes 
 is found of little avail. The total absence of the frozen rest of winter, and the recur- 
 rence of its rains, give you a climate widely different from that of the Atlantic States 
 and Europe; consequently you have to struggle against the obstinate prejudices of a 
 life-time, and cast away as worse than useless, the theories and practices by which 
 you obtained success in other lands. You have here to launch out upon an ocean of 
 experiment ; charts, books and old landmarks are of little avail here, where there are 
 really but two seasons, spring and autumn. 
 
 It is hoped that the labors to which you will more immediately direct your atten- 
 tion, will be the production of a written code of theories and applications resulting 
 from studious investigations, which, by }'our authoritative recommendation, may enable 
 the novice to steer clear of the empiricism and error which so widely prevail in Cali- 
 ifbrnia. Gathered as our people are, from all the peoples of the earth, it would be 
 stange if customs and habits as diversified, were not intermingled in the association. 
 
 Thus a great range of material offers for your investigations, and I trust that the 
 crucible in which you will refine the incongruous mass may discard as unworthy of 
 preservation, speculative ideasof doubtful utility. This is the age of telegraphic direct- 
 ness, and it should be the purpose of all to winnow our superfluity, and adapt to the 
 purposes of life, time and labor-saving ideas and implements. To facilitate the inter- 
 change of knowledge, and eradicate the clannishness which is apt to follow the emi- 
 grant from his native to adopted home, to crush out the features of character of races 
 most yielding ; and organize into a new and powerful angloism, is the vocation of com- 
 mon schools, scientific discussions, and Industrial Fairs, and I rejoice to find that 
 among the exhibitors to your exhibition may be found people of almost all nativities ; 
 and no better evidence can be given of the good you are accomplishing towards the 
 comfort and pleasure of life, and the dignity and amelioration of labor, than in the 
 gratification and interest manifested by the throngs of people who so generously give 
 countenance and material support to the display which you have prepared for their 
 education. In the progress of your society you will have many difficulties to over- 
 come and prejudices to encounter on the part of the selfish and obtuse, who will ridi- 
 cule your association because there may be among the members enthusiasts. Enthu- 
 siasts, forsooth ! I pity the ignoramus who cannot see that no great individual 
 success was ever achieved, either in the glory of arms, or in the belles lettrcs or attain- 
 ments of science, unless some successful competitor was an enthusiast. Enthusiast 1 
 I claim to be one myself, and next to my love of God, and to my wife and children, 
 comes adoration of flowers and fruits, and forests and mountains.
 
 9 
 
 What a foretaste is it of the blissful hereafter, to go forth in the early morning, when 
 the dew drops sparkle on every leaflet, like myriads of diamonds, and take part in 
 the heaven worship of the countless flowers, and herbs, and trees, that look upward 
 towards starry worlds, and join the carol of the feathered tribes, our heart beating 
 with emotions as glad and joyous as theirs, thanking God for all those blessings which 
 bring health, strength and happiness. 
 
 Enthusiast! That is just the material wanted to make your Society useful, and 
 you should all feel that kind of enthusiasm for the calling to which you have devoted 
 yourself, which will economise every moment of your precious lifetime, that your 
 labor will not be lost, so that you may bequeath to posterity, if nothing more, the 
 legacy of a good example. 
 
 Individual objections are sometimes urged against Fairs, because they bring to- 
 gether so large a number of people that the public are subjected to the rapacity of 
 hotel keepers, and the kindred extortionists, hovering around such assemblages. This, 
 to a mortifying extent, is true, when applied to the small villages where the great 
 Fairs are sometimes by necessity held ; yet it does not prove, as some assert, that all 
 Fairs are got up expressly for the benefit of landlordsand public carriers ; and I trust 
 that hereafter the private hospitality so generously extended in a neighboring city, 
 during the recent State Agricultural Fair, will teach innkeepers that Industrial Fairs 
 are for a higher purpose than to alone contribute to their extortionate demands. 
 
 Your labors, as a Society, or as individuals, necessarily extend over a great variety 
 of soils and climate; consequently, your attention will become directed to the habits 
 of almost every fruit and plant indigenous to the endless summer of the tropics, as 
 well as through every gradation of climate, even up to the ice-bound north. All of 
 the mild and warmer regions of your State have, to a limited extent, been made trib- 
 utary to the husbandman ; but there is an elevated plateau of land running along the 
 foot of the high and bald Sierra Nevadas, which, for extent of territory and similarity 
 of climate, may be compared to the New England States. This country is yet a 
 primeval forest, interspersed with extensive meadows and covered with deep snows 
 through the winter seasons. To this region you should direct early attention to the 
 planting of Apple orchards, as it is a matter of uncertainty as to whether we shall be 
 able in our mild districts to grow Apples, possessing qualities fitting them for ship- 
 ment to the many markets opening to us, all over the Pacific world, for this desirable 
 fruit. 
 
 The subject of Climatics is one of the most important to which you can direct 
 your attention, as it is only after a great outlay of money and an irreparable loss of 
 time, that we find our Vineyards and Peach orchards, which have been planted 
 within sweep of the fogs and winds of the Pacific Ocean, are, in a measure, total 
 failures. Had this knowledge been imparted years since to our pioneers in horti- 
 culture, so that they would have planted the Apple, Pear and Plum instead, then the 
 results of your exhibition, and the pecuniary success of exhibitors, would tell a far 
 more satisfactory story. Again, when we leave the damp atmosphere and fogs of 
 the coast, we go into a climate, which, throughout the summer, is one of endless sun-
 
 10 . 
 
 shine. Now, what the effects of such a bright and warm atmosphere may be on the 
 health and productiveness of orchards, should claim an important share of your 
 attention, as even in these districts, large investments may continue to be made in those 
 kinds of fruits which are not suited for so much warm sunshine. Connected with 
 the subject of climatology, is the science of pruning and dressing orchards and vine- 
 yards, so that art may supply the deficiencies, or check the excess of the light and 
 heat, colds or damps of nature. 
 
 It would greatly facilitate your efforts to arrive at correct conclusions, if your 
 Committees, on their examination of the fruits offered for exhibition, would note the 
 locality, nature of the soil, and mode of dressing the trees and vines, adopted by each 
 contributor. An elaborate report, which shall point out the causes of the sun-scald, 
 would do much to dispel the fatal error of high, open, straggling training, which so 
 widely and injuriously prevails in this State : for be it remembered, that our object 
 in this bright and dry climate should be to exclude the dry air and light from the 
 interior of the tree, as the hot rays of the sun not only blister the fruit, but extract 
 from it much of the rich vinous juices, its greatest recommendation to our approval. 
 
 It should be a source of pride to your Society, that each contributor is enabled to 
 annex to the labels on his fruit his name and locality, free of all suspicion that your 
 Committees would be influenced in their awards, because a knowledge of the owner- 
 ship might give a bias to their decisions, from personal considerations ; and I trust 
 this confidence in the impartiality of your Committees may continue unabated, and 
 the awards given to merit alone ; nor should your Committee evince a timid fear 
 lest they offend, by pointing out faults and deficiencies which are subjects of improve- 
 ment and remedy hereafter. Fairs are intended to admonish us of what we have 
 failed to accomplish, as well as to testify to our achievements. All cannot expect to 
 receive premiums ; and it may be questioned if the almost indiscriminate distribution 
 of tokens of your approbation does not have an injurious effect, as it may lead some 
 to expect marks of your favor to which their indifferent offerings do not entitle them. 
 To many who bring their offerings to your tables for display, the commendations of 
 the throngs of visitors is ample satisfaction, however much they may desire and regad 
 your medals and diplomas. Much as your certificates are esteemed, I doubt if they 
 confer the same benefits on the recipients as would the acquisition through you of 
 standard books, treating upon the subject in which they have excelled. I have been 
 led to this remark by looking over the list of prizes offered at the ensuing Annual 
 Fair of the Napa County Agricultural Society, where many of the premiums consist 
 of books, treating upon all subjects connected with the industrial pursuits. The value 
 of these to the recipient can hardly be estimated. Books are the keys to thought, 
 and engineers to all gigantic enterprises. 
 
 The subject of drying and preserving fruit so that you may have a supply 
 throughout the year, independent of importations, and enable you to become large 
 exporters, should command earnest attention, as the time is rapidly approaching 
 when our population can consume only a moiety of the pomological abundance which 
 already is smiling around us. For the productiveness, extent of variety, certainty
 
 11 
 
 of crops, and richness of flavor, no country can equal or compare with the foot-hills 
 of our gold regions, and the great valleys watered by San Joaquin and Sacramento 
 rivers, in the growth of Peaches. Information as to the best mode and the cost of 
 preserving this fruit should at once be widely disseminated in this State, so that our 
 surplus crops might be turned to good account by shipment to the Atlantic and 
 Pacific worlds. Of the Plum, it may be said it bears prodigiously, whether found 
 growing wild on our high mountains, almost in the region of eternal snow, down 
 through every change of climate to the tropical climate of Los Angeles. The Plum 
 has no enemies in California, such as the curculio, black knot and rot of the fruit on 
 the trees near the time of maturity, which have become so disastrous to this fruit in 
 Europe and Eastern America that its cultivation is rapidly becoming abandoned. 
 Prunes are to be seen at your Exhibition, taken from the tree in their present condi- 
 tion, perfectly cured, which will compare favorably with the Prunes of commerce. 
 
 The planting of Plum orchards for the purpose of preserving its fruit for export 
 opens a wide field for enterprise, owing to the almost total destruction of this fruit 
 of late years, by the causes enumerated. 
 
 Connected with the labors of your Society, there remains but one branch of horti- 
 culture to be treated upon, which, for the variety and magnitude of interests to grow 
 out of it, is of most commanding importance, and destined at no distant time to sur- 
 pass, in all of its ramifications, the magnitude of gold mining ; I refer to wine grow- 
 ing. This subject, so fruitful of statistical facts and eloquent dissertation, I can only 
 briefly glance at, as I fear I have already taxed your patience to an unbearable 
 length on the matters to which I have already alluded. 
 
 Upon the subject of the Vine, our people are most deplorably ignorant, as most of 
 them are from countries where the vintage is unknown. The Grape flourishes all 
 over California, except on the coast, where the damp fogs and winds sweep inward 
 with daily regularity. There they tire struck with mildew and blight ; but as you 
 enter the sunny mid warmer localities, you are at once struck by the change in the , 
 appearance of the vine, and the luscious clusters of Grapes growing purple for the 
 wine press, give hopeful evidence that in this branch of industry California will have 
 no competitor. Vineyards are being planted in many sections of our State, with 
 wonderful rapidity, and the production of Grapes already far exceeds any adequate 
 arrangements for turning its juices into those wines and brandies which are suitable 
 for export, or command sale at home. Your immediate attention is required, to 
 disseminate information among the wine makers of Europe, that they may learn the 
 superior advantages California offers for the investment of their capital, and the ap- 
 plication of their experience among us in the remunerating enterprise. The Grape 
 has no enemies in California, and during a cultivation of near a century at some of 
 the old Mission vineyards has never failed to produce an abundant crop. Statement* 
 over the signatures of gentlemen at Los Angeles as to the annual value of the Grape 
 crop are, that for wine making purposes, one thousand dollars per acre is a low esti- 
 mate ; and when it is known that a fair crop can be had three years after planting 
 the cuttings, no one need be discouraged from engaging in the business on account of
 
 12 
 
 the time it takes to repay the investment made. There are within the State, lands 
 adapted to the cultivation of the Vine of sufficient extent to employ millions of peo- 
 ple, and this land can be had at a nominal price, as much of it is beyond the compass 
 of Mexican and Spanish grants, being in the mining districts. 
 
 Fair and abundant as the Grapes are which are produced in our valleys, it is to 
 the hill-sides in the mining districts that we shall eventually look for the best Grapes. 
 These lands are of a reddish color, composed of marls and calcareous remains inter- 
 mixed with sulphurets and volcanic formations, all of which are highly favorable to 
 the development of the Grape ; and what renders its cultivation a matter of little 
 trouble, is the fact that artificial water courses for the supply of miners are carried 
 over every hill, so that irrigation is already provided for. It is a curious fact that 
 were the gold mines to give out to-morrow, the various canals and ditches, which have 
 cost so many millions to construct, would be of nearly equal value to irrigate vine- 
 yards, should the miners turn their attention to this branch of industry instead of gold 
 digging. Estimating the number of actual miners at forty thousand, among which to 
 divide the gold crop of sixty millions, it will be seen that this averages to each man 
 fifteen hundred dollars as the result of his year's labor. Now, did each receive this 
 sum as a. pro rata for his toil, then there would be a showing of individual prosperity 
 never before seen in the statistic^ of industrial life. But it is an undeniable fact that 
 a large number of our gold miners barely make a subsistence, owing not because 
 there are not inexhaustible claims where a moderate compensation can be returned, 
 but because most all are looking for big strikes, which are rarely met with. Having 
 shown what the forty thousand miners accomplish at gold digging, permit me to pre- 
 sent what the same number of men would do at vine-dressing. One man will easily 
 plant, tend, prune, and ship to the wine manufacturer five acres of Grapes. Now 
 five acres of Grapes at prices which undoubted authority has shown, will yield one 
 thousand dollars to the acre, give five thousand dollars as the result of the year's 
 labor, making a sum total for forty thousand laborers of the astonishing sum of two 
 hundred millions annually! dethroning your cotton and gold kings combined, and 
 twining around the temples of laughter-loving Bacchus the imperial diadem. 
 
 If the thousands of men who have on a recent occasion made a stampede from 
 California towards the North Pole had looked at the many enterprises, aside from 
 gold digging, which may be entered with little capital, except that best and most reli- 
 able of all capital, willing labor, then those tales of individual suffering which reach 
 us by every return steamer from those hyperborean regions would never have record 
 except in the romance of a trapper's life. 
 
 Were the hundreds, yea thousands, who are fritting away a lifetime in the hard en- 
 deavor to eke out a shabby-genteel existence in our cities, to cast about them and see 
 what they can do, instead of imploringly asking, " What can I do ?" without ever 
 going beyond the narrow precincts of their metropolitan immolation, then there would 
 be less of the doleful cry of adversity and more of the cheering song of prosperity. 
 What though you have been reared in the lap of luxury and cradled the pampered 
 child of ease ; fortune may have blessed you, the famished wolf may never have
 
 13 
 
 crouched at your door, boundless possession and fawning sycophants may surround 
 you, yet without that contentment which alone is derived from useful employment, 
 life to you is a burthen, and its realities a mockery ; for fortune may be swept away 
 by the devastating elements or the mutations of commercial routine. What though 
 you should wake as from a dream and find the gold you worshipped as a god become 
 a myth, will you cry out in your despair, " What can I do ?" Will you, when fortune 
 and credit have become wrecked, hang, specter-like about the rock on which you 
 split, vainly endeavoring to conjure back the ghost of a departed shadow, or will you 
 arouse yourself as one tossed in uneasy slumber, shake off the effeminacy of the past> 
 and go forth to the mountains to perform honest labor, where " labor is honored and 
 respected." Your hands may be soft and white, so that the pick and spade first plied 
 with feeble stroke burns into the quivering sinews the heraldry of labor in characters 
 of blood, yet all these should be borne by a manly spirit rather than submit to the 
 degradation of accepting menial employments, which alone offer in cities where 
 friends disappear with fortune. 
 
 Fellow-citizens : When I look around upon this intelligent assemblage, I recog- 
 nize many faces familiar to me in other days, when I had the pleasure of residing 
 amongst you. Some of these faces, I regret to observe, wear a more anxious expres- 
 sion than of old, and it is possible you have had fall upon you the heavy hand of 
 adversity, and are waiting almost hopelessly for something to turn up. If this is the 
 ease, permit me to make a few suggestions as to a matter by which you may in good 
 time retrieve yourself. In the mining districts, there are large bodies of land suita- 
 ble for vineyards, over which artificial canals bring a never failing supply of water ; 
 here, too, gold is found in varying richness. This land can be had merely for the 
 trouble of occupying it. Now it is in the power of any one to reach these districts, 
 and stake off a mining claim and go to work. You may not make but a dollar a day, 
 but this will support you, and in a little time enable you to fence in a piece of land 
 and commence planting a vineyard. 
 
 Keep on digging gold to meet your outlays until the vineyard comes into bearing. 
 The seasons when your vineyard requires no attention will enable you to dig all the 
 money you require. In this way, by five years of economy and industrious perseve- 
 rance, you will have acquired a competence which a prince might envy, and made 
 you a home, that 
 
 " Though in Heaven the trees 
 
 Of life ambrosial fruitage bear, and vines 
 
 Yield nectar ; though from off the boughs each morn 
 
 AVe brush mellifluous dews, and find the ground 
 
 Cover'd with pearly grain. Yet God hath hero 
 
 Varied his bounty so with new delights 
 
 As may compare with Heaven." 
 
 Special Meeting, Sept. 4th, 1858. 
 
 William Daniels, of San Jose", Vice-President, in the chair. 
 A. H. Myers, of Alameda, Secretary pro tern. 
 Minutes of the last meeting read.
 
 14 
 
 After some remarks by Mr. Osborn, in reference to membership, and general 
 fund of the Society, it was moved by Dr. Haile that the minutes of last meeting, 
 ;ind all they refer to, be adopted. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Sanford, that a committee of three be appointed to report to the 
 meeting, on Monday next, at 7 P. M., ten of the best varieties of Summer Apples, 
 twenty of Fall, and thirty of Winter, to be discussed ; and at 10 A. M. of the same 
 day, the Society meet at Mechanics' Institute building, to discuss the softer fruits. 
 Motion carried. Mr. Fox, Mr. Lewelling and Mr. Fountain appointed. 
 
 On Soft Fruit, Mr. Ryan, Mr. Smith and Mr. Sanford. 
 
 Adjourned to 10 A. M., Monday. 
 
 California Horticultural Society and Fruit Growers' Convention. 
 
 A meeting of the California Horticultural Society was held at the rooms of the 
 Mechanics' Institute on Monday, the 6th of September, at 10 o'clock, A. M. ; J. "W. 
 Osborn, of Napa, Vice-President, in the chair ; A. II. Myers, of Alameda, Secre- 
 tary pro tern. 
 
 On presentation of his credentials, Mr. J. W. Silver, delegate from the State 
 Agricultural Society of Pennsylvania, was invited to take part in the proceedings. 
 
 The chairman stated the objects of the meeting to be the discussion of all the 
 varieties of fruit that experience had shown as adapted to California culture. Also, 
 the climatic effect in different localities, as well as the most desirable methods of cul- 
 ture. As the immediate discussion would be on fruits, he recommended the convention 
 to place an older Pomologist in the chair. On motion of Mr. Daniels, of San Jose, 
 Mr. Osborn was selected chairman of the convention, which then proceeded to dis- 
 cuss the comparative value of Peaches, as per memoranda laid before the conven- 
 tion by a committee appointed for the purpose. In the course of the discussion, it 
 was shown that though all Peaches appeared to be desirable, and to do well in the 
 warm valleys of the San Joaquin and Sacramento, many still do as well in other 
 localities. 
 
 Messrs. J. L. Sanford and M. Ryan submitted the report on soft stone fruits, 
 which was considered, with the following results : 
 
 The following varieties of Peaches were declared of superior excellence, and rec- 
 ommended for general culture : 1. Crawford's Early. 2. Yellow Rareripe. 3. 
 Bergen's Yellow. 4. Mixon Free. 5. Early York. 6. Mixon Cling. 7. Stump 
 the World. [Two varieties under this name cultivated in this State, one white, the 
 other yellow flesh, both highly recommended.] 8. Crawford's Late. 9. President. 
 10. Evard's Late Free. 11. Fox's Seedling. 12. Smock's Free. 13. Heath 
 Cling. 14. Druid Hill. 15. Grosse Mignonne. 16. Late Admirable. 17. Red 
 Rareripe. 18. Morris White.
 
 15 
 
 The following varieties were recommended as worthy of further trial : 1. Early 
 Tillotson. 2. Early Newington. 3. Harkie's Seedling. 4. Pool's Late Yellow. 
 5. Lemon Cling. 6. Lagrange. 7. Royale DeMontrell. 8. Sitzen's Seedling. 
 9. Monstrous Paire, 10. Malta, 
 
 The following varieties were only recommended to amateur culturists : 1. George 
 the Fourth. 2. White Rareripe. Meeting adjourned, 
 
 EVENING SESSING 7>a O'CLOCK. 
 
 J. W. Osborn in the chair ; W. Wadsworth, Secretary of the Society, present, 
 Messrs. Lewelling and Fox, Committee on Apples and Pears, submitted a report 
 on Apples. The following varieties of Apples were, on due discussion, declared 
 superior, and recommended for general cultivation : 
 
 1. Caroline Red June. 2. Early Harvest. 3. Early Strawberry. 4. American 
 Summer Pearmain. 5. Jonathan. 6. Gravestine. 7. Rambo. 8. Smith's Cider. 
 9. Warner. 10. Yellow Bellflower. 11, William's Favorite. 12. Fall Wine. 
 13. Porter. 14. Waxen. 15. American Golden Russett. 16. White Bellflower. 
 17. Esopus Spitzenberg. 18. Newtown Spitzenberg. 19. Yellow Newtown Pip- 
 pin. 23. Gloria Mundi. 24. Roxbury Russett. 25. Summer Queen. 26. Sweet 
 Bough. 
 
 Apples recommended for further trial have succeeded well as far as tried: 
 1. Red Astrachan. 2. Garretson's Early. 3. Quarrendon. 4. Baldwin. 5. 
 Northern Spy. 6. Red Cannon Pearmain. 7. Mother. 8. Swaar. 9. Westfield 
 Seek-no-further. 10. Summer Hagloe. 11. Summer Queen. 12. Fall Beauty. 
 13. Fall Harney. 14. Talman Sweet. 15. Green Newton Pippin. 16. R. I. 
 Greening. 17. English Russett. 18. Wine Sap. 19. Talpa Houking. 
 
 An Apple grown at San Jose, called " Skinner's Seedling," was pronounced ex- 
 cellent, and recommended for further culture. Meeting adjourned. 
 
 SECOND DAY. 
 
 AFTERNOON SESSION. 
 
 J. W. Osborn, President, in the chair. A. H. Myers, Secretary pro tern. 
 
 Messrs. Fox, Fountain and Lewelling made report on Pears, which was discussed 
 with the following result : 
 
 For general cultivation Fallom, Madaline, Bloodgood, Dearborn's Seedling, Barl- 
 lett, Louise Bon de Jersey, Duchess de Angouleme, Doyenne, Boonsock, Seckle 
 Beurre Diel, Flemish Beauty, Surparse Virgalieu, White Doyenne, Beurre Bosc 
 Winter Nelis, Glout Morceau, Easter Buerre, Maria Louisa, Beurre Ranee, Buerre 
 de Aremberg, Ponna, Dunmore, Chaumontel, Vicar of Winkfield. 
 
 For further trial Tyson, Baron de Aremberg, Beurre de Anjou, Fondante dc 
 Automne, Urbaniste, Doyeune Sieulle, Ananas, Marianne, Howell, Henkel, Beurre 

 
 16 
 
 Langulier, Lawrence, Winter Butter, Saint Germaine, Inconne Van Mons, Beurre 
 Clairgon, Knight's Monarch, Leon le Clerc, De Leva!. 
 
 Strawberries recommended for general cultivation Longworth's Prolific, British 
 Queen. 
 
 Recommended for further trial Burr's New Pine, Ruby, Victoria, Magnate, 
 Captain Cook, Fillbasket, Monroe Scarlet, Peabody's Seedling, Jenny Lind. 
 
 Raspberries Fastolff, Red Antwerp, Yellow Antwerp, Knevet's Giant, Franconia. 
 
 Blackberries Lawton Blackberry, Dorchester. 
 
 Gooseberries Houghton's Seedling, White Smith, Roaring Lion, Crown Bob, 
 Golden Seal, Favorite, Round Green, Achilles. 
 
 Plums for general cultivation Smith's Orleans, Bradshaw, Jefferson, Washington, 
 Imperial Gage, Blue Damson, Coe's Golden Drop, Yellow Magnum Bonum, Ger- 
 man Prince, Columbia, White Magnum Bonum, Lombard, Prince's Yellow Gage, 
 Green Gage, Early Golden Drop, Lawrence's Favorite. 
 
 For further trial Prince Claude, Violet, Boston Imperatrice, Duane's Purple, 
 Schenectady Catharine, EcLaughlin, Drap de Or, Cruger's Scarlet. 
 
 Figs for general cultivation California Purple, Brown Turkey, White Mar- 
 seilles, St. Michaels. 
 
 For further trial White Ischia. 
 
 Grapes Black Hamburg, Wilmot's Black Hamburg, Catawba, California Mis- 
 sion, Black Cluster, Violet Chasselas, McReady, Early White, Jocelyn or St. Albans, 
 Victoria Hamburg, Chasselas Fontainbleau, White Muscat, of Alexandria ; Canon 
 Hall Muscat (for some localities.) 
 
 Currants for general cultivation Cherry, Red Dutcli (true) Victoria. 
 
 Further trial Gondonin Red, White Grape, Fertile de Pallieu, Champagne Red, 
 Black English. 
 
 Apricots for general cultivation Early Golden, Moorpark, Hemskirke. 
 
 Further trial Royal Peach, Turkey. 
 
 Nectarines for general cultivation Downton, Elruge, New White Early Violet. 
 
 Further trial Stanwick. 
 
 Discussion on fruits being closed, Convention adjourned to 7^ P. M., at which 
 time the subject of climatic effect, and culture in different localities was taken up. 
 
 EVENING SESSION. 
 
 The Convention had full representation from all districts but the San Joaquin and 
 upper Sacramento ; the discussion spirited and at length, particularly so when some 
 of the old time-honored favorites were proved to be poor emigrants. Some of these 
 were found subject to rot; others were obstinately shy bearers, in some localities 
 from this cause, and the great range of climate in our fruit-growing regions, the lists 
 were all somewhat extended a modification of which may be made whenever ex- 
 perience shall have been sufficient to warrant safe recommendations for particular 
 localities.
 
 17 
 
 COMMITTEE ON FRUITS GENERALLY. 
 
 Wilson Flint, Chairman ; G. W. Fountain, W. Wadsworth, J. S. Silver. 
 
 The Committee find the task of deciding upon the merits of fruits, in so extensive 
 a. collection, very greatly incumbered by the general excellence of all the specimens 
 exhibited. Scarcely an apple could be picked up that was not admirable for it? 
 healthy growth ; and the choice lay generally between shades only of difference. 
 The Committee has consequently given the fullest attention, and the greatest deliber- 
 ation to the examination. 
 
 The Committee award 
 
 Fruits For the best display, embracing the largest collection of the best varieties, 
 F. W. Macondray, San Mateo, $35. Second best ; J. W. Osborn, Oak Knoll, Napa, 
 $25. Third best ; A. Delmas, San Jose, $15. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON APPLES. 
 
 J. S. Silver, Chairman ; W. Fountain, Wilson Flint, W. Wadsworth. 
 
 Apples Largest and best collection of best varieties, J. W. Osborn, Napa, $25. 
 Second best, Daniel Gibb, San Francisco, $15. Third best, L. B. Lathrop, Santa 
 Clara, $8. Best specimens special premium summer apples, John Lewelling, San 
 Lorenzo, $5. Autumn apples, Dr. H. Haile, Alameda, $5. Winter apples, J. W. 
 Osborn, Napa, $5. 
 
 The Committee finds itself embarrassed to make decision among the three seasoii- 
 able kinds ; and they report, advising an equal premium to each. They would rec- 
 ommend hereafter, that the place of growth, soil, manner of treatment (by irrigation 
 or not) time of ripening, age of tree, quality as a bearer, &c., be given by the exhibiter. 
 
 It may be observed that, in making decision on winter Apples, many varieties 
 which are winter Apples in New England, are scarcely more than a fall Apple in 
 California. This remark applies to the largest number of the late winter varieties 
 on exhibition. The Committee have selected the (No. 22) " Northern Spy" as bet- 
 ter combining all the qualities desirable, than any other, viz : flavor, keeping, &c. 
 They recommend to notice the Ribstone Pippin (No. 2) and the white winter Pear- 
 main (No. 6.) The summer apples being out of season, the Committee had but few 
 varieties before them ; this fact should be noted ! The best summer apple was 
 probably not there. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON PEARS. 
 
 M. Ryan, Chairman ; Wilson Flint, G. W. Fountain, J. S. Silver. 
 
 Pears Largest and best collection, J. W. Osborn, Napa, $25. Second best, A. 
 Delmas, San Jose, $15. Third best, John Lewelling, San Lorenzo, $8. Best spe- 
 cimens special premium L. A. Gould, San Jose, $4. 
 
 So many Pears had by lapse of time lost the flavor peculiar to their species, that 
 it was difficult for the Committee to make satisfactory judgment, as between speci- 
 mens of the same varieties. 
 2 

 
 18 
 
 The Committee recommend to special notice as worthy of a premium, 4 specimens 
 of Dutchess D'Angouleme, grown without irrigation, by C. Crocker, Sacramento; 
 united \v< ight of the four pears, 6 pounds, 8 ounces $4. 
 
 The display of pears is in great variety, and exhibits proof sufficient of the adap- 
 tation of every species to our climate. To make note of all that are worthy of men- 
 tion, would be little else than a full catalogue of every collection in the exhibition. 
 We would, however, remark on a sample of pears exhibited by J. C. White, grown 
 here in San Francisco, fifty-six upon a tree seven feet high. So successful a culture 
 in this locality, will give additional inducement to adorn the suburban homes of our 
 
 COMMITTEE ON PEACHES, OTHER FRUITS AND PRODUCTIONS. 
 
 James L. Burtis, Chairman ; G. W. Fountain, J. S. Silver, M. Ryan. 
 
 Your Committee on a careful examination of the peaches on exhibition, find that 
 though the display would, in any other country than California, be deemed exceed- 
 ingly fine, yet they miss a large number of the finest varieties. This can only be 
 attributed to the lateness of the season, as it should be kept in mind always in pass- 
 ing upon the merits of fruits in California, that the same varieties ripen at least a 
 month earlier than at the East, We make mention of this here that it may not ap- 
 pear to those who have been accustomed to see the finest peaches in September, that 
 we are attempting an apology. So far from this is our wish, that we challenge the 
 world to produce a finer display of this delicious fruit than your Society's tables and 
 the markets of the city present; the number of distinct varieties on exhibition being 
 thirty-seven, and all excellent, a large number of specimens weighing over a half 
 pound each. Among the collections and specimens on exhibition, remarkable for 
 their size and great beauty, were those of Daniel Gibb, of Napa, J. W. Osborn, of 
 Napa, and A. Smith of Sacramento ; and it was wilh great difficulty that your Com- 
 mittee arrived at the conclusion, as to which was the best. But being confined to 
 the letter of the wording of the premium list, awarding the first premium to " the 
 largest and best collection," your Committee feel compelled to make the following 
 award : 
 
 Peaches Largest and best collection, Daniel Gibb, Napa, $15. Second best, J. 
 W. Osborn, Napa, $12. Third best, A. P. Smith, Sacramento, $8. Best specimens 
 special premium Sisters of Notre Dame, San Jose, $4. Best new variety of 
 Native Seedling Peaches, P. L. Weimar, Coloma, $10. Second best, W. McPher- 
 son Hill, Sonoma, $8. 
 
 Nectarines Largest and best collection, John Lewelling, San Lorenzo, $8. 
 Second best, White & Kelsey, Oakland, $4. 
 
 Plum? Largest and best collection, Dr. II. Ilaile, Alameda, $10. Second best, 
 E. W. Case, Santa Clara, $8. Best specimens special premium M. Schollenber- 
 ger, San Jose, $4. 
 
 The Committee find the tables covered with grapes grown in the open air, that in
 
 19 
 
 the Atlantic States are confined exclusively to hot-house culture, and which, in size, 
 perfection of berry, shouldering, and weight of cluster, give the best evidence that 
 this climate is the home of the grape. A. Delmas, of San Jose, shows decidedly 
 the best collection and largest number of varieties, all ripened to a high state of per- 
 fection. 
 
 C. 51. Weber, of Stockton, makes the second best exhibit, showing the full effects 
 of the sandy soil and warmer climate of that vicinity. Mr. Osborn, of Napa, makes 
 the third best display, though not yet as fully ripened as the two preceding collections. 
 
 The Committee have thus passed upon grapes from three widely distant sections 
 of country, differing alike in soil and climate, and yet all in the fullest perfection. 
 
 W. McP. Hill, of Sonoma, exhibits specimens that we- pronounce extra fine. S. 
 Thompson, of Suscol Nurseries, exhibits sixteen varieties superb collection. R. 
 W. Washburn, Shell Mound, a splendid exhibit of Chasselas Fontainbleau. W. M. 
 Lent, Santa Clara, four fine varieties. L. A. Gould, Santa Clara, two varieties. 
 William O'Domiell, San Jose, four varieties; and L. Pellier, San Jose, four varieties. 
 
 F. \V. Macondray, of San Mateo, shows foreign grapes grown under glass, to a 
 perfection, we have never before seen equalled. The Cannon Hall Muscat were of 
 a size and beauty that attracted every observer; and to him was awarded the first 
 premium for grapes grown under glass. 
 
 Your Committee award as follows: 
 
 Foreign Grapes Largest and best collection grown in open air, A. Delmas, San 
 Jose, $20. Second best, C. M. Weber, Stockton, $14. Third best, J. W. Osborn, 
 Napa, $8. Best specimens special premium A. Delmas, San Jose, $4. Grown 
 under ^lass, largest and best collection, F. W. Macondray, San Francisco, $20. Best 
 specimens special premiums F. W. Macondray, San Francisco. 
 
 California Grapes Best exhibit, C. M. Weber, Stockton, $3. Second best, W. 
 M. Lent, Santa Clara, $4. Best specimens special premium C. M. Weber, 
 Stockton, $3. 
 
 Cherries Best collection, in bottles, S. Thompson, Suscol, $5. 
 
 Quinces Best and largest collection, J. Merrill, Sa :ramento, $5. 
 
 Strawberries Largest collection, and best varieties, D. E. Hough, Oakland, $12. 
 Second best, R. W. Washburn, Shell Mound, $8. Best specimens special prem- 
 ium A. Crochet, San Francisco, 1. 
 
 Raspberries Best collection, D. E. Hough, Oakland, $5. Second, best, A. H. 
 Myers, Alameda, $8. 
 
 California Oranges Best exhibit, James O'Donnell, San Francisco, $5. Second 
 best, ,J. A. Hobart, Lee's Garden, $3. 
 
 Figs Best exhibit, California growth, C. M. Weber, Stockton, $8. 
 
 Pomegranates Best exhibit, California growth, M. G. Valk-jo, Sonoma, $4. 
 
 Almond.s Best collection, J. Lewelling, San Lorenzo, $8. Second best, li. W. 
 Wa-hburn, Shell Mound, s I. 
 
 Preserved Fruits, in cans or bottles Largest and best collection, A. P. Smith 
 Sacramento, 8. Second best, S. Thompson, Suscol, 5.
 
 20 
 
 Dried Fruits Best, Dr. Haile, Alameda; recommended for premium, $4. 
 
 Brandy Peaches C. Peebles, $3. 
 
 Raspberry and Strawberry Jams Mrs. S. Loring, San Francisco, $3. 
 
 Preserved California Nutmegs William Lent, San Francisco, $3. 
 
 Currant Jelly John Levelling, San Lorenzo, S3. 
 
 Superior Strawberry Cordial C. Peebles, $3. 
 
 Honey Best specimen, B. S. Fox &, Co., San Jose, $3. Second best, C. Rum- 
 rill, San Francisco. 
 
 The Committee would make mention as worthy of special notice, a plate of Smyrna 
 Figs, exhibited by J. Morrill, of Sacramento. In connection, we subjoin the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 Executive Committee of California Horticultural Society : 
 
 GENTLEMEN: Should your Committeee on Fruits notice the Smyrna Figs, ex- 
 hibited by me, they will please bear in mind, that the fruit begins to ripen the last 
 of June, and continues to produce fruit till the first of November. Of the larger 
 specimens produced, four will weigh a pound. My practice is to pull the ripe fruit 
 every other day. I consider them an excellent variety. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 JESSE MORRILL. 
 
 Earth Almonds, exhibited by D. E. Hough, of Oakland, though not on the pub- 
 lished list for premium, are recommended to notice, because the Committee believe 
 they will serve as food for swine, equal to the beechnut of the Western States, and 
 in this country, where mast (or as the Ohioan calls it, "shack,") is scarce, a sub- 
 stitute like this obtains additional value. It appears that when once planted, the 
 hog may harvest it, and always leave enough for its perennial reproduction. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON VEGETABLES. 
 
 The Committee on Vegetables having carefully examined the various products 
 presented to their notice, beg leave to present the following report : 
 
 The Committee being confined to merely reporting upon the best exhibitions of 
 the produce of our soil, without the authority of awarding the corresponding prem- 
 iums, find it difficult to present to the Society the actual comparative merits of the 
 articles before them. 
 
 In most of the articles of necessity, and consequently of real worth, there is but 
 'ittle competition, and the Committee have been obliged to report as " best exhibits " 
 many articles of ordinary value articles that find their superior almost any day in 
 our markets of San Francisco. 
 
 The various and genial climate, and generous soil of our State, opens a boundless 
 field of enterpri.-e to the farmer and gardener, so that we are able to supply our own 
 markets with most articles of prime necessity, and have remaining a large surplus; 
 and we suggest and hope that the exhibitions of another year will find such an array
 
 21 
 
 of the products of the earth as will not only be flattering and gratifying to all Cali- 
 fornians; but will claim the respect and admiration of the world: 
 
 Garden Vegetables The largest and best collections, D. L. Perkins, of Ala- 
 meda, $10. 
 
 Cauliflowers Best exhibit, D. L. Perkins, Alameda, $4. 
 
 Beets Best exhibit, two varieties, J. R. Robb, of Alameda, $4. 
 
 Hops Best exhibit, Dr. Haile, of Alameda, $5. A fine exhibit on the vine, and 
 one bag of excellent hops, A. Bushnell, of Green Valley, $3. 
 
 Sugar Cane Best exhibit, Daniel Gibb, of Suscol, $8. Second best, R. W 
 Washburn, Shell Mound, $5. 
 
 Squashes and Pumpkins Best exhibit, L. B. Lathrop, San Jose, $5. Second 
 best, of squashes, six varieties, S. Thompson, of Suscol, $3. 
 
 Japanese Pears Joshua Childs, of Encinal, $3. 
 
 Egyptian Pumpkins Best exhibit, G. W. Fountain, of Oakland, $3. 
 
 Squashes, Cantelopes, Cucumbers and Pie Melons Fine collection, A. H. Myers, 
 Alameda, $3. 
 
 Sweet Corn Best exhibit, D. L. Perkins, of Alameda, $3. 
 
 Green Indian Corn Best exhibit (in the stalk, sixteen feet high,) Thomas Parker, 
 San Joaquin, $3. 
 
 Sweet Potatoes (Carolina) Best exhibit, W. W. and J. B. Rumford, of Oak- 
 land, $5. 
 
 In connection with this exhibit, Messrs. Rumford handed to the Committee the 
 subjoined communication: 
 
 To the Committee of the Horticultural Society on Vegetables : 
 
 "GENTLEMEN: At your request, we submitted the following as our experience in 
 the culture of the Carolina potatoes, two lots of which are before you. One lot was 
 dug this season, and are but partly grown ; the other lot was dug in November, 1857, 
 and consequently have been out of the ground ten months. 
 
 In the spring of 1856, we received from New Jersey several pounds of what is 
 known as the 'Carolina Sweet Potato.' From this lot we only succeeded in grow- 
 ing two small tubers. From these we dug in the autumn about seven pounds of 
 potatoes, which we kept until the next spring, by packing in chaff. About the first 
 of March, 1857, we placed the entire lot in a hot-bed, with about twelve pounds 
 received from the East. All the latter rotted, while those raised here furnished 
 enough sprouts to plant about one-tenth of an acre. This ground produced about 
 twelve hundred pounds. They were piled in a heap upon the ground, and covered 
 with earth for one week, and then placed in a loft, about a foot deep. In this situa- 
 tion, without further care, they kept sound until the spring of 1858, when, during 
 the month of March, they were put in a hot-bed; the slips were removed to the field 
 in May. We have now growing about twelve acres, looking better than they did 
 last year, and we are confident they will produce one hundred sacks to the acre." 
 
 Beans Best exhibit, D. E. Hough, of Oakland, $3.
 
 22 
 
 Cabbages Best exhibit, Cummings & Swan, San Francisco. Best collection, D. 
 E. Hough, Oakland, $3. 
 
 Irish Potatoes Best exhibit, D. E. Hough, Oakland, $3. 
 
 Cucumbers Best exhibit, D. E. Hough, Oakland, $3. 
 
 Tomatoes Best exhibit, G. W. Fountain, Oakland, $3. Second best, W. W. & 
 J. B. Rumford, Oakland, $2. 
 
 Chinese Yams (diascoria iotaft's) Best exhibit, D. E. Hough, Oakland, $2. 
 
 Pie Melon Best exhibit, Dr. H. Haile, Alameda, $4. Second best, S. Thomp- 
 son, Suscol, $3. Fine exhibit, L. A. Gould, Santa Clara, $2. 
 
 Orange Water Melon Best exhibit, S. Thompson, Suscol, $3. Second best, C. 
 Appleton, Oakland, $2. 
 
 Musk Melon Best exhibit, G. W. Fountain, Oakland, $3. Largest variety, C. 
 Appleton, Oakland, $3. 
 
 Pie Plant, seedling Best sample, T. D. Woolsey, Oakland, $3. Mammoth, best 
 exhibit, Mr. Bailey, Brooklyn, $3. 
 
 Celery Best exhibit, Curaraings & Swan, San Francisco. 
 
 Ruta Baga Best sample, C. Parrott, $3. 
 
 Egg Plant Best exhibit, Cummings & Swan, San Francisco. 
 
 Garden Seeds Best exhibit, D. L. Perkins, Alameda, $8. Second best, D. E. 
 Hough, Oakland, $4. 
 
 Sun Flowers Best exhibit, A. II. Myers, Alameda, $3. Second best, Annie and 
 Charlie Tappan, Alameda, $2. 
 
 Hemp Samples of two acres, J. B. Manny, San Jose, $8. 
 
 Broom Corn Extra sample, C. W. & G. W. Armes, $8. 
 
 Tobacco Best exhibit, T. Ellsworth, $8. Second best, by an inmate of the 
 Insane Asylum, Stockton, $4. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON WINES. 
 
 The Committee appointed by the Horticultural Society to determine the relative 
 merits of the native wines and brandies, submitted at the exhibition held in San 
 Francisco, in the month of September, 1858, in order to ensure a thorough impar- 
 tiality of judgment, as well as to impart satisfaction to the exhibiters, first caused all 
 brands, labels, and distinguishing marks, to be removed from the bottles under inspec- 
 tion, and, in lieu thereof, substituted marks in cipher, the key whereof was in the 
 sole possession of the chairman, who for such reason abstained from any expression 
 of opinion upon the respective wines. 
 
 Specimens of wines and brandies, "the product of California grapes, and manu- 
 factured in the State, free from adulteration," were presented as follows : 
 
 George Thacher & Co., San Francisco Red Wine, 1857. 
 
 Kohler, Frohling & Bauck, San Francisco White Wine, 1857; Red Wine, 
 1856; White Wine, 1856 and 1857; Port Wine, 1856; Angelica Wine, 1857; 
 Grape Brandy, 1856; Home Made, No. 1, (no date; Home Made, No. 2, (no date.)
 
 23 
 
 M. G. Vallejo, Sonoma Sonoma Red Wine, (no date) ; Sonoma White Wine, 
 (no date.) 
 
 Dr. T. J. White, Los Angeles ".Clara Linda " Red Wine, (no date) ; " Clara 
 Linda" White Wine, (no date.) 
 
 L. Pellier, San Jose " Black Cluster Grape," (no date.) 
 
 L. A. Gould White Wine Hock (no date.) 
 
 Sainsevain Bros., San Francisco White Wine, 1855, '56, '57 ; Angelica Wine, 
 1857; Sparkling Wine, 1857; Brandy (uncolored), 1857. 
 
 The attendance of all the undersigned being first had, their examination upon the 
 first day was confined to the white wines exhibited, and the Committee havotthe 
 gratification of saying, that both in the number of varieties produced, and the excel- 
 lence of some of the wines, a marked improvement is manifested over the exhibi- 
 tions of former years. It is to be regretted that in certain samples the bottles had 
 been so badly corked that the wine had become pricked, or soured, (evidently by tht* 
 admission of air,) and that, consequently, the condemnation by the Committee necet- 
 sarily followed, and no opinion of the merits of the wine in a sound state was attain- 
 able. Especially was this the case with the depositors whose display included but 
 a single bottle of each variety. Had their stock on exhibition been greater, bottles 
 of good wine might have been found, and the Committee have had the pleasure of 
 reporting favorably upon the article. 
 
 The action and result of the Committee have been most harmonious and unani- 
 mous, and their award for superiority in the manufacture of white wine is in favor of 
 Messrs. Sainsevain Brothers, of San Francisco and Los Angeles, for the best white 
 wine of the vintage of 1856. To Messrs. Kohler, Frohling & Bauck, of the same 
 place, the distinction of having produced the second best wine is due, although the 
 article is of younger production, being of the vintage of 18 57. These wines are 
 pronounced sound and pure in their vinous ingredients, possessing all the qualifica- 
 tions of a popular and wholesome beverage, and only lacking age, and the improve- 
 ments which may naturally be anticipated in their manufacture in coming years, to 
 give them a character equal to many of the European wines now in such general 
 use in the United States. 
 
 The Committee are of opinion that great benefits will result to both the white 
 and red wines by the engrafting upon our native stocks some of the varieties that 
 are most esteemed abroad. Experience has demonstrated that certain foreign grape* 
 are especially adapted for the soil and climate of California, and the success of some 
 of our most enterprising growers in the production of the Muscat of Alexandria 
 should stimulate the proprietors of our extensive vineyards in the south, to make the 
 experiment. 
 
 It must be remembered that we have a virgin soil and a native grape, and that it 
 is only by procreation of varieties that the highest excellence in our fruit can be 
 attained. The disease which has attacked the grape in Madeira, and certain por- 
 tions of Europe, while mysterious in its origin, leads many of the most thoughtful
 
 24 
 
 and skilful of those engaged in the wine culture to direct their attention to the 
 United States, as a field in which remuneration of labor in this department can be 
 obtained, and an increasing demand for consumption be best supplied; meanwhile 
 the over-tasked soil of many centuries occupated abroad may absorb fresh powers 
 of nutrition. It is, therefore, a consideration of the highest importance of growers 
 to enter into competition for the production of varieties, and determine which are 
 most excellent in quality and adaptation for the production of wine. At present we 
 are confined to a single species. The success of Mr. Longworth, of Ohio, in manu- 
 facturing a champagne from the native grape, has been happily imitated by Messrs. 
 Sainsevain Brothers, whose sparkling California is already a favorite, and, in the 
 judgment of your Committee, eminently entitled to special notice. Their wine is 
 pure, vinous, fruity, and, as they believe, free from the adulterative processes that 
 characterize many of the so-called foreign champagnes with which the United States 
 are flooded. They notice a marked improvement in its flavor and character since it 
 was first offered to the pubiic, and anticipate that marked advantages will result from 
 increase of its age. 
 
 In red wines, it is the pleasing duty of the Committee to note an improvement in 
 the specimens of the present exhibition. 
 
 The wine submitted by Gen. M. G. Vallejo, of Sonoma, has won the approval of 
 the undersigned, being pure in quality, of a fine ruby color, and more nearly ap- 
 proaching the claret, or Bordeaux wine of France, than any other production. They 
 place it in the first class of Red Wines, and award the second best to specimens sub- 
 mitted by Messrs. Kohler, Frohling & Bauck, who have also received the distinction 
 of having produced superior wines known as Port and Angelica. 
 
 The former wine has, however, scarcely yet attained the distinguishing traits of 
 Port, although resembling it more than any other class of wines. The Angelica, 
 from its excessive fruitiness, is more of a cordial than a wine. 
 
 A premium having been offered for the largest and best varieties of Wines, the 
 Committee has awarded it to Messrs. Kohler, Frohling & Bauck, as the number of 
 kinds exhibited surpassed that of any other depositors. To the same gentlemen 
 they award a premium for the best native Brandy. 
 
 A sample of Currant Wine, from Mr. S. Thompson, of Suscol, was very favor- 
 ably regarded, and deserves honorable mention, although the cultivation of that fruit 
 can scarcely be stimulated to an extent to render its production for purposes of wine 
 culture a matter of profit. 
 
 The Committee regret that greater competition among producers and manufac- 
 turers was not displayed. Some very prominent wine growers failed to place speci- 
 mens of their produce in the Exhibition, although the deserved favor that has been 
 bestowed in public and in private upon their manufactures would justify them in 
 competing with their neighbors. 
 
 In conclusion, the undersigned would congratulate those engaged in wine culture, 
 and the citizens of our State, upon the encouraging prospects of so important a
 
 25 
 
 branch of enterprise. Its great value can scarcely be overestimated, and there are 
 those who think that the vine will yet prove a formidable rival of the precious metal, 
 that first brought California into prominence, and that the sunny fields of its valleys 
 will equally invite the sons of labor, and reward their industry, as the more rugged 
 slopes and canons of the Sierra Nevada in developing their mineral treasures. A 
 visit to the wine vaults, in this city, of the Messrs. Sainsevain and of Mr. Kohler's 
 firm, will sensibly impress the observer with an idea of the extensive domestic trade 
 already opened, and excite thoughtful anticipations of the future, when the resources 
 that California possesses shall have been more fully developed, and assisted by skill, 
 experience, and an increasing population. 
 
 It may be that we may yet see California constructing her fleet of clippers to bear 
 to foreign shores the produce of her vineyards, and in an age subsequent to our own, 
 distinguished, less as a gold bearing country, than as the seat where the vine, the fig, 
 the olive, and kindred fruits, attain their greatest excellence, and contribute most 
 largely to the prosperity and commercial importance of the land. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Wines, etc. Largest and best varieties, Kohler, Frohling & Bauck, $25 ; se- 
 cond best, Sainsevain Bros., $15. Best Sparkling, Sainsevain Bros., $15 ; second 
 best, none. Best White, vintage 1856, Sainsevain Bros., $15 ; second best, vintage 
 1857, Kohler & Co., $12. Best Red, M. G. Vallejo, $12; second best, Kohler & 
 Co., $8. Best Port, Kohler & Co., $12; second best, none. Best Angelica, Koh- 
 ler & Co., $8 ; second best, Sainsevain Bros., $5. Best Brandy, Kohler & Co., $12 ; 
 second best, Sainsevain Bros., $8. Currant Wine, S. Thompson, $12. 
 
 J. P. HAVEN, Chairman. 
 
 SAMUEL PURDY, 
 
 H. HENTSCH, 
 
 A. PAVILLIER, 
 
 A. CASSELLI, 
 
 F. MARTIN, 
 
 T. A. BARRY. 
 
 COMMITTEE ON PLANTS AND FLOWERS. 
 
 Col. C. M. Weber, B. S. Fox, John Donald. 
 
 Your Committee, on careful examination, recommend the following awards: 
 
 Plants and Flowers Largest and best collection of Pot Plants, W. C. Walker, 
 Golden Gate Nursery, San Francisco, $25. Second best, Reimer & O'Hara, Cal- 
 ifornia Nursery, San Francisco, $15. 
 
 Roses Largest and best collection, II. A. Sonntag, Mission Dolores, $15. Se- 
 cond best W. C. Walker, Golden Gate Nursery, $12. 
 
 Best Floral Design W. C. Walker, Golden Gate Nursery, $20.
 
 26 
 
 Best Vase Bouquet Rcimer & O'Hara, $15. Second best W. C. Walker, Gol- 
 den Gate Nursery, $8. 
 
 Best Floral Wreath L. Provost, San Jose, $12. 
 
 Your Committee beg to recommend a special premium to Mr. Wm. O'Donnell, of 
 San Francisco, for his exertions and enthusiasm in bringing forward his splendid 
 evergreens and shrubs of California growth ; also for his generous efforts in deco- 
 rating the horticultural and mechanical department with his magnificent collection 
 of rare and beautiful Pot Plants, $20. 
 
 The Committee would also recommend an award of a special premium to Mr. 
 James Ilutchinson, of Alameda, for his beautiful and splendidly grown specimens of 
 phaseohis carocolus and rochea falcata, both new and rare in California collec- 
 tions, $5. 
 
 The undersigned, in justice to Col. C. M. Weber, of Stockton, for his enthusiasm 
 and exertions in bringing forward so much that is new and rare in the floral world* 
 including his beautiful specimens of the flowering pomegranates, pyramidical asters, 
 and splendid double flowering balsams, all grown in Stockton, and brought from 
 thence to beautify your Exhibition, would recommend an award of a special pre- 
 mium, $15. 
 
 JOH/DONALD, } S P ecial Committee - 
 
 The Executive Committee, in review, find the exhibitions of the following gentle- 
 men of such rare excellence that they fully sympathize with the Examining Com- 
 mittee in the difficult discrimination : 
 
 To Captain Aram, of San Jose, for his fine display of Apples and Pears, particu- 
 larly his winter fruits, we award a special premium, $10. 
 
 W. Shurtzer, of San Jose, the "pioneer fruit grower," for his fine display, a 
 special premium, $8. 
 
 E. W. Case, of Santa Clara, also a special premium, $8. 
 
 James L. Burtis, of the Laurel Farm, San Jose, shows 31 varieties of Apples, all 
 good, a special premium, $10. 
 
 R. W. Washburn, of Shell Mound, shows 19 varieties of Pears, all good, a special 
 premium, $10. 
 
 John Lewelling, of San Lorenzo, shows beautiful, high colored Apples, Pears, and 
 other fruits; for his excellent display we award a special premium, $15. 
 
 White & Kelsey, of Oakland, on Raspberries ; also, a very fine exhibit of Law- 
 ton Blackberries, a special premium, $5. 
 
 GENERAL SUMMARY OF EXHIBITORS AND FRUITS EXHIBTED. 
 
 G. W. Fountain 19 varieties of Apples, one of Pears. Tomatoes, Egyptian or 
 Moorish Pumpkins, Apple Melon, Spanish Melon, Nutmeg Melon. 
 
 C. L. Kellogg 14 varieties of Squashes, 3 of Pumpkins, and 44 varieties of 
 Apples. 

 
 27 
 
 F. W. Macondray 14 varieties of Grapes, and a large variety of Apples, Pears, 
 and Quince?. 
 
 P. L. Weimer 4 varieties Seedling Peaches. 
 
 A. Bu.shnell & Co. Sample of Plops, California growth ; and Hop Vine, a fine 
 specimen. 
 
 John Lewelling, of San Lorenzo 52 varieties of Apples, 25 of Pears, 2 of 
 Quinces, and 7 of Peaches. 
 
 Annie & Charlie Ttippan Specimen of Sunflower of enormous size. 
 
 W. McPherson Hill, of Sonoma 16 varieties of Apples, 3 of Pears, 3 of Peach- 
 es, 1 of Plum, 3 of Quinces, 1 of Grapes, extra fine. 
 
 C. Appleton 12 varieties of Apples, 2 of Pears, 5 of Melons, and a fine speci- 
 men of Tobacco. 
 
 Henry Bush 5 varieties of Apples. 
 
 W. F. Man, Golden Gate Nursery Splendid collection of Plants and Flowers. 
 
 Dr. II. Haile, 15 varieties of Apples, 7 of Pears, 8 of Plums, 1 of Prunes, 2 of 
 Peaches, sample of Hops and Apple Melon. 
 
 Jacob Keller, 2 varieties of Pears, 2 of Strawberries. 
 
 Capt. Richardson, 5 varieties of Apples, 2 of Pears, 1 of Quince. 
 
 White & Kelsey, 20 varieties of Apples, 2 of Nectaraines, 1 of Blackberry (Law- 
 ton) 1 of Plums, and 3 of Pears. 
 
 Daniel Gibb, 51 varieties of Apples, 3 of Pears, 5 of Nectaraine, 1 of Quince, 
 22 of Peaches, and sample of Imphee or African Sugar Cane. 
 
 D. L. Perkins, 3 varieties of Beets, with turnips, Cauliflowers, Squashes, Pump- 
 kins, Cabbages, Sweet Corn, Pop Corn, Cucumbers, 24 varieties of fruits and 24 
 varieties of field and garden seeds of California growth. 
 
 A. H. Myers, 20 varieties of Pears, 26 of Apples, 1 Seedling Geranium, 1 large 
 Sunflower, Apple Melons, Squashes, Cucumbers and Raspberries. 
 
 J. D. Farwell, 3 varieties of Apples, 3 of Pears. 
 
 Geo. Cochrane, British Queen Strawberries, plate of Nonsuch Apples and Cur- 
 rants in jars. 
 
 Simpson Thompson, 11 varieties of Plums, 12 of Pears, 4 of Cherries, 16 of 
 Grapes, 1 branch of a vine, beautiful white clusters, 16 varieties of Apples, 4 of 
 Currant?, 15 of Melons, 6 of Squashes, 2 samples of Currant wine, white and red, 
 1 Balsam Apple. 
 
 J. \V. Osborn, of Napa, 42 varieties of Apples, 42 of Pears, 17 of Grapes, and 
 17 of Peaches. 
 
 R. W. Washburn, Shell Mound, 22 varieties of Apples, 2 of Plums, 1 of Almonds, 
 1 of Grapes, 2 of Strawberries, 19 of Pears, Chinese Sugar cane, 18 varieties of 
 Dahlias, 1 Tube Rose, 2 specimens of Meddlers. 
 
 W. M. Lent, 5 varieties of Apples. 
 
 J. B. Rumford, 2 varieties of Sweet Potatoes. 
 
 S. K. Woodworth, Sample of Guano. 
 
 John Rowlan, basket of Grapes.
 
 28 
 
 James Hutchinson, (Rochea falcate) Cut Flowers (Phaseolus Carocold) with 
 specimens of Chinese fruit, Beets, Turnips and Apple Melons. 
 
 Genl. M. G. Vallejo, 2 varieties of California Wine, red and white. 
 Mrs. Vallejo, of Sonoma, specimens of Pomegranates. 
 Tubbs & Co., samples of Hemp, raised by J. B. Manny, San Jose. 
 J. II. Hobart, of Lee's Garden, 1 Oleander, 1 Orange Tree, 1 Fig Tree, 1 Century 
 Plant and specimens of Quinces. 
 
 E. L. Reimer, California Nurseries, by John O'Hare, a splendid collection of Plants 
 and Flowers. 
 
 N. W. Palmer, 11 varieties of Apples, and 4 of Pears. 
 H. A. Sonntag, a beautiful collection of Roses. 
 
 * J. Q. A. Warren, 1 bottle of Wine, made in 1856, by E. W. Bull, of Concord, 
 Mass., from the " Concord Grape." 
 
 D. E. Hough, 6 varieties of Beans, 3 of Peas, 10 of Potatoes, 5 of Strawberries, 
 3 of Raspberries ; specimens of Chufa, or earth Almonds ; also the Diascoria Bota- 
 tis, or Chinese Yam, and two varieties of Cucumbers. 
 Wm. Lent, 2 baskets of Fruit. 
 Mrs. L. H. Lent, 1 bottle of Nutmegs in spirits. 
 
 C. M. Weber, a large collection of Grapes one bunch weighing 31-2 pounds; 
 Prickly Pears, Tomatoes, Foreign Grapes in great variety, Apples, Quinces, Figs, 
 and Peaches. 
 
 R. Gibbon, 2 varieties of Apples. 
 J. B. Hill, a basket and several plates of Fruit. 
 John Campbell, 2 varieties of Seedling Peaches. 
 
 L. A. Gould, 4 varieties of Apples, 3 of Pears, 2 of Grapes, with Apple Melons 
 and samples of California Wine, vintage of 1857. 
 
 B. F. Watkins, 5 varieties of Apples. 
 
 C. H. Rumrill, one box of Honey. 
 
 Jas. L. Burtis, 31 varieties of Apples, 3 of Pears. 
 
 W. H. Walker, specimens of Salmon Berries, from Humboldt Bay. 
 
 E. W. Case, 26 varieties of Apples, and 4 of Pears. 
 
 L. Pelier, 4 varieties of Pears, 1 of Peach, 1 of Apples, 4 of Grapes, and sample 
 of Wine, from the Black Cluster Grape. 
 
 M. Schallenberger, 1 variety of Plum. 
 
 C. Peebles, 7 varieties of Apples, 1 of Peach, 1 jar of Brandy Peaches, 2 bottles 
 Strawberry Cordial. 
 
 H. Shurtzer, 26 varieties of Apples. 
 
 Wm. O'Donnell, 4 varieties of Apples, 7 of Pears, and 4 of Grapes. 
 
 A. Delmas, a large variety of Grapes. 
 
 L. Provost, 16 varieties of Apples, 6 of pears. 
 
 James Gould, Sicily Melons. 
 
 James Bailey, Rhubarb. 

 
 29 
 
 W. Daniels, a large variety of Apples, 8 of Pears. 
 
 H. C. Skinner, fine Seedling Apples. 
 
 Thos. Fallen of Apples, 15 of Pears. 
 
 B. F. Headen, 3 varieties of Pears, 20 of Apples. 
 
 Sisters Notre Dame, 3 varieties of Peaches. 
 
 B. S. Fox & Co., 2 boxes of Honey. 
 Oliver Bolin, 2 varieties of Wine. 
 
 J. Childs, Japan Peas, Alfalfa. 
 
 James Lick, 15 varieties of Apples, 3 of Pears. 
 
 Joseph Aram, 13 varieties of Pears, 1 of Quince, 34 of Apples. 
 
 A. P. Smith, 15 varieties of Pears, 8 of Peaches, 35 jars assorted Fruits, 12 va- 
 rieties of Grapes. 
 
 Peter Quivey, 17 varieties of Apples, 2 of Peaches. 
 
 C. T. Ryland, 7 varieties of Apples. 
 F. G. Appleton, 1 variety of Apple. 
 
 Dr. T. J. White, 2 varieties of Wine, red and white. 
 
 W. H. Nash, 4 varieties of Fruit. 
 
 Jesse Merrill, Smyrna Figs, Grapes, Quinces, and Pears. 
 
 Cummings & Swan, Egg Plant, Cabbage and Celery. 
 
 J. C. White, 1 dish of Pears, 1 of Peaches. 
 
 James O'Donnell, fine collection of Plants, Orange Tree in full bearing. 
 
 Alex. Crochet, 4 varieties of Strawberries. 
 
 S. Reilly, collection of Dahlias fine. 
 
 B. McDonald, Family Beet, grown in sand. 
 Mrs. S. Loring, 3 jars of Preserved Fruit*. 
 
 C. Nutting, basket of Fruit. 
 
 T. D. Woolsey, Raspberries on the bush. 
 
 Geo. Thacher & Co., California Wines. 
 
 Kohler, Frohling & Bauck, Wines and Brandy. 
 
 W. H. Yates, 1 show case of Fruits. 
 
 Sainsevain Bros., Wines and Brandy. 
 
 L. D. Latorette, 7 varieties of Fruits. 
 
 J. Simpson, Squashes. 
 
 C. C. Briggs, 7 jars of Peaches and Nectarines. 
 
 Hazeltine & Hutchinson, Grapes and Peaches. 
 
 C. Crocker, 4 Pears, weight 6 Ibs. 8 oz. 
 
 F. O. Wheeler, 1 large Watermelon. 
 
 W. P. Toler, 2 varieties of Apples, second growth Peara. 
 
 Thos. Parker, Corn in stalk (tall Corn.) 
 
 B. Hoffman, Hemp in stalk, and Radishes. 
 
 F. D. Havens, basket of Fruit, etc. 
 
 M. Cooks, 3 varieties of Fruits.
 
 
 30 
 
 John Morse, 3 varieties of Pears, 3 of Apples. 
 
 P. Storck, 2 Watermelons. 
 
 U. Schmiedel, Strawberries. 
 
 Wm. Bruce, fine exhibit of Beets. 
 
 Dr. A. Kellogg, specimens of Lilium Speciosa. 
 
 M. Chilmak, Green Osier Bush. 
 
 J. R. Robb, Beet, etc. 
 
 T. Ellsworth, Tobacco in stalk. 
 
 C. Parrott, Ruta Baga. 
 
 Insane Asylum, specimen of Tobacco Plant. 
 
 T. T. Heald, specimens of Apples. 
 
 John Dewar, Sweet Potatoes. 
 
 J. W. Kessling, Limb of Apples. 
 
 S. Abbott, Canary Seed, in stalk. 
 
 G. C. Yount, 7 varieties of Apples, 3 of Pears. 
 
 J. Valentine & Co., 6 Onions, weight 2 Ibs. each. 
 
 G. C. Robins, Oregon, Pears of first and second growth, Magnum Bonum Plums. 
 
 Additional Report on Apples. 
 
 COMMITTKE. 
 
 J. S. Silver, G. W. Fountain, Wilson Flint, W. Wadsworth. 
 
 There is scarcely a single collection of Apples exhibited that does not present for 
 admiration some, and often nearly all, specimens which at an Eastern Fair would 
 take the first premiums. The Committee undertook the task oi' a close review, in 
 order to make mention of the most meritorious. But, really, the task of choking 
 among so many, where none are defective in any particular, and nearly all are 
 notable for general excellence, is one of great difficulty indeed, of impossibility. 
 So your Committee is left to make a very extended list: for none else would render 
 justice. Let the fault, if it be one, be chargeable to the perfection of the climate 
 of California, which permits the soil to produce nothing but fine fruit of every 
 variety. 
 
 The Committee, therefore, make mention of the following exhibitions, as present- 
 ing specimens which in any other country would be marked as unusually good : 
 
 Specimens numbered 61, by C. Peebles; 60, B. F. Ileaden ; 67, J. Aram; 70, 
 C. T. Ryland ; 60, P. Quivey ; 66, J. Lick ; 50, II. Shurtzer ; , Colonel Younger ; 
 71, F. G. Appleton; 57, W. Daniels; 46, E. W. Case; 44, J. L. Burtis this 
 number 44 is worthy of extra consideration ; 41, L. A. Gould ; 42, B. F. Walking ; 
 53, A. D^lmas; 51, Wm. O'Donnell ; 47, L. Pellier; 33, N. W. Palmer; 24, W. 
 M. Lent ; 19, J. ]). Farwell ; 18, A. H. Myers ; 95, W. P. Toler ; 23, R. W. Wash- 
 burn ; 6, J. Le welling; 21, S. Thompson; 20, George Cochrane ; 39, J. B. Hill
 
 31 
 
 very fine varieties, and a basket of assorted fruit of great merit ; 17, D. L. Perkins ; 
 98, F. D. Havens, a fine basket of assorted fruit ; 1, G. W. Fountain ; 12, H. Ilaile ; 
 90, L. D. Ltiterette, of Oregon ; 9, C. Appleton ; 8, W. McP. Hill ; 2, C. L. Kellogg ; 
 15, White & Kelsey ; 14, Captain Richardson ; 10, H. Bush; 38 1-2, R. Gibbons. 
 
 The Committee on Fruits are not called upon to speak of the disease of trees. 
 But it will venture, for the good it might do, to speak of " sun-scald," of which so 
 many complain. This is a disease altogether owing to the act of the tree grower. 
 It is not attributable to climate. Let your lower limbs remain ; do not apply the 
 pruning knife to deprive the lower part of the stem of shelter (after the manner of 
 orchardists in humid summer climates) and your trees will know no sun-scald. A 
 similar reserve of your pruning knife will be necessary in shaping the top. The 
 mode of dressing our fruit trees must not be taken from Eastern experience ; there um- 
 brage has to be removed to let in the sun, and to guard against mildew. Here it is 
 quite different ; a dense foliage, a balloon-shape and low branching, seem essential in 
 our horticulture. 
 
 Some of your Committee have seen this summer, a whole orchard of Apple and 
 Peach trees on the American river, near Sacramento, from which the lower limbs 
 were ruthlessly cut otf, and pieces of boards and shingles set up to protect them from 
 sun-scald, making a curious appeal a ice, and yet the owner was quite annoyed at the 
 novel suggestion that he might have effected iiis purpose, by leaving the lower limbs 
 to act as parasols, instead of the shingles. 
 
 "Will California grow Apples?" is a question which this Exhibition answers in 
 the affirmative, and from an observant test of the fruits presented, (which embraced 
 a large variety.) if we have not certainly in regm-d to flavor, we have reason for 
 great hopes. What effect may be produced upon the flavor and other useful qualities 
 of many varieties of winter Apples, by ripening in our climate so as to become late 
 fall Apples, remains to be tested by further experience. The compared experience 
 of fruit growers, brought together on this occasion, leads to the conclusion that, in 
 this country of varied soils and climates, every known species of valuable Apples 
 will find somewhere a congenial home ; and the vast area of orcharding now planted, 
 secures the State against any probability of deficient supplies for home consumption 
 in the future. The crop may be short or even a failure in particular localities, but 
 scarcely is it possible that the failure can be so general as to make this fine fruit a 
 rarity in our markets. 
 
 Rather have we to concern ourselves with quite a different question " What are 
 we to do with all the Apples?" How the Apple of California will bear exporting, 
 is a question of grave import to fruit growers and to the whole people of the State. 
 The Committee may point to the Apples of Oregon, which are known to bear trans- 
 port, and to the fully equal solidity of the same varieties in California, as furiii-hing 
 a fair inference, favorable to our green Apples becoming an article of valuable com- 
 merce. 
 
 But, admitting as quite probable, that the great bulk of our Apple product, after
 
 82 
 
 our domestic market is supplied, may not find export demand in the green state, 
 there can be no hesitation in promising for our Apple crop, when dried, a market 
 that cannot be glutted. Apples cured in this fine climate, where no rain falls to 
 destroy the color and the flavor (as it is sure to do, if even a small shower visits it 
 after the fruit has a few hours of exposure) will command extra prices in the markets 
 of the world, and the readiest sale may always be relied upon. This remark is 
 equally applicable to Plums, Prunes, Pears, Peaches, Figs, Grapes, Cherries, etc. 
 
 The only matter of doubt is, can we do this at California prices of labor ? Your 
 Committee entertains no doubt on this head. Some of us are familiar with the cur- 
 ing of fruits by the drying process, and for general information we would state that at 
 a very trifling cost (say five dollars as the outside figure) ingenious machinery is 
 made, by which a very small boy or girl peals an Apple, and by a cut and thrust 
 movement, decores and divides into quarter sections all done in less time than you 
 occupy in reading the two lines of this description. The most time is taken to stick 
 the Apple on the prongs. Thus, it will be seen, that so little manual labor is requir- 
 ed as to form a matter of no solicitude. Modifications only will be required to adopt 
 the many varieties of this little machine to all kinds of fruit. Without going inio 
 other methods of preserving our fruits, enough is hare to satisfy us that orchardists 
 may take heart, in the certitude of their reward. 
 
 NOTICE. 
 
 Parties entitled to premiums as per schedule, can, on the 15th of October, draw 
 the same from Mr. J. L. SANFORD, Treasurer after the Horticultural Society. The 
 Executive would, however, call attention to the fact that Mr. J. L. TUCKER has, at 
 their suggestion, provided silver of different patterns, to the amount of the smallest 
 and largest of the premiums awarded, but we have deemed it more satisfactory to 
 our contributors that each should make their own selection. 
 
 W. WADSWORTH, Secretary. 
 
 Per order. 
 
 Special Meeting. 
 
 J. W. Osborn, of Oak Knoll, in the chair ; A. H. Myers, of Alameda, Secretary 
 pro tern. The object of the meeting, as stated by the chairman, was to consider any 
 and all matters pertaining to the welfare of the Society. 
 
 Delegates from the Santa Clara Horticultural Society, also of the State Agricul 
 tural Society, were present, and took an active part with the Society in the general 
 interest of the occasion. 
 
 The Treasurer reported that at the annual meeting last April the number of mem- 
 bers was 46, and at present 100. 
 
 After full and free discussion, the following recommendations were made to the 
 Executive Committee :
 
 33 
 
 That the Executive Committee, in their arrangements for the coming year, see 
 that a more lilx-nil supply of room be provided. 
 
 That in case of any connection with other societies, our Society has liberal terms 
 in control, and financially. 
 
 That conventional rooms be provided adjacent to the Horticultural exhibition. 
 
 That arrangement*, so far as can be made, be entered into by which pecuniary 
 loss will not be inflicted on members by their fruit being kept on exhibition so long 
 as to become spoiled. 
 
 That if, on the winding up of the present season's business of the Society, the 
 Society is found to be financially capable, rooms be provided where members can 
 meet can send samples of fruit for exhibition or nomenclature through the sea- 
 son of soft fruits and flowers. 
 
 That the Secretary be requested to obtain information as to the best management 
 of these exhibitions in the Atlantic cities, so that report and definite arrangement 
 may be made at the April meeting, if not before made by the Executive Committee. 
 
 Also, that the Executive take into consideration the propriety of having additional 
 copies of the report of the present industrial exhibition, embodying all the by-laws 
 of the Society, and proceedings of the Fruit Growers' Convention. 
 
 Unanimously adopted, and meeting adjourned to call. 
 
 The closing address, in the absence of F. W. Macondray, President, was made 
 by J. W. Osborn, Vice-President, from the Napa District, on the evening of the 23d 
 of September. He said : 
 
 LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : Our Exhibition will now close with the sale of the 
 fruit, for the benefit of the Premium Fund, where contributors have not made other 
 disposition of them. But before closing, I am requested by our worthy President, 
 (who is too ill to be here this evening,) and the Executive Committee of the Horti- 
 cultural Society, to thank you for your generous patronage. Citizens of San Fran- 
 cisco, we do most cordially and heartily thank you. 
 
 Our Society, one year since, was invited here as a guest, and in the feebleness of 
 oar early growth, gladly twined its tendrils round the pillars of your noble Institute. 
 But, like the trees from which this fruit was plucked, precocious in its growth, the 
 second year has borne this crop. We are now here as partners in this exhibition, 
 and in the increase of attractiveness of the whole, we have fully paid back the nur- 
 ture of last year. As experience has shown us that justice to the whole State can- 
 not be done by a single exhibition at this time of the year, if horticultural success 
 crowns our labors the coming season, we design to have two exhibitions one in the 
 early smumer, one in the fall. We trust the present exhibition has convinced you 
 that the time is not distant when California will supply herself with fresh fruits, and 
 need not import the dried; in fact, we think our dried fruits will be known e'er long 
 in the world's market. In our endeavor to gratify you, we have surprised ourselves 
 for fruit growers exhibit to each other ; and we return to our homes with renewed 
 faith in California productiveness, and in our own capability. Nor does this effect
 
 34 
 
 rest with ourselves alone ; societies of other States have sent their delegates to this 
 and the kindred fairs. The Keystone, the Buckeye State, and young Iowa have 
 sent us their representatives men who from habit, education and experience are well 
 qualified to judge of California attractions. Gentlemen, they are satisfied ; they 
 return not to make verbal report. We must bear the blame of their detention ; cap- 
 tivated with our soil, climate and productions, they remain, are with us, and of us. 
 
 And now, again thanking you for your support, we leave you for another year, 
 bearing with us the consciousness, that the San Franciscans, our most generous con- 
 sumers, have been no niggards in their praise or presence at this our second Annual 
 Fair. 
 
 The fruit remaining on the tables was sold by auction, for the benefit of the Pre- 
 mium Fund of the Society. 

 
 CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS, 
 
 RULES ^ND REGULATIONS 
 
 CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
 
 ITSTSTITTJTEID OCTOBER 1O, 1856. 
 
 ARTICLE L NAME. 
 
 This Association shall be called the " CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY." 
 
 ARTICLE IL OBJECT. 
 
 The object of the Society shall be to foster and encourage all departments of scien- 
 tific and practical Horticulture. 
 
 ARTICLE III. MEMBERSHIPS. 
 
 Section 1. SUBSCRIPTION MEMBERS. Candidates for membership may be pro- 
 posed at any regular meeting of the Society, such proposition being accompanied by 
 the initiation fee of five dollars, which fee, if the candidate is not elected, shall be re- 
 turned. All elections for members shall be by ball ballot, and three black balls shall 
 reject the candidate. Any person may become a member of the Society by the above 
 process, and no other. And every member thus elected, shall pay to the Society the 
 sum of five dollars annually. 
 
 Sec. 2. LIFE MEMBERS. Any person already a member, may become a member 
 for life, by paying forty-five dollars additional, and shall be exempt from all further 
 dues or assessments, excepting for the library. 
 
 Any person not already a member, may become a member for life, by the same 
 process as a subscription member, and paying fifty dollars. 

 
 36 
 
 Sec. 3. HONORARY AND CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. Any person whom the 
 Executive Committee shall propose, may be elected an honorary or a corresponding 
 member, in the same manner that subscription and life members are elected, and 
 shall enjoy free of charge, all the privileges of the Society, except voting and holding 
 office. 
 
 To each person so elected, the Secretary shall, as soon as convenient, transmit a 
 diploma or certificate of membership, signed by the President, and countersigned 
 by the Secretary. 
 
 Sec. 4. PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS. Any member shall be eligible to office ; shall 
 be entitled to vote ; shall receive a diploma or certificate of membership ; a printed 
 copy of the By-laws and of all the published trunsactions of the Society ; shall enjoy 
 the use of the Library, and have free admission, accompanied by two ladies, to all the 
 exhibitions of the Society, and be permitted to compete for premiums in any or all 
 departments. 
 
 Sec. 5. LIABILITY OF MEMBERS. No member of the Society, whose dues re- 
 main unpaid more than one year, shall be entitled to any of the privileges of mem- 
 bership until such dues are paid. 
 
 Any member whose dues remain unpaid for six months, after having notice that 
 he is in arrears for two years, shall be considered as having withdrawn from the 
 Society, and the finance committee, with the Treasurer, shall cause his name to be 
 stricken from the roll of members, after which he can only be admitted as a new 
 member. 
 
 Sec. 6. EXPULSION OF MEMBERS. Any member who shall do any thiug to dis- 
 honor the Society, or shall place upon the tables for exhibition, any article not of his 
 own production, or in any way attempt to deceive or be guilty of a breach of faith 
 toward the Society, may be expelled therefrom by a two-thirds vote of the members 
 present at any regular meeting. PROVIDED, that no member shall be expelled, un- 
 less a written notice of the alleged offence shall have been served on him, or left at 
 his usual place of residence, at least twenty days previous to the action. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS. 
 
 The officers of this Society shall be a President ; at least four Vice Presidents ; a 
 Secretary ; a Treasurer, and not less than three Directors, all of whom shall be elected 
 by ballot at the annual meeting, and shall hold their office one year, or until their 
 successors assume their duties; provided, however, that after the year 1860, no per- 
 son shall be eligible to the office of President, unless he shall have been a member 
 for three years previous. 
 
 ARTICLE V.~ DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 
 
 Sec. 1. PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENTS. The President shall preside at all 
 meetings shall have power at the written request of five members, to call special 
 

 
 37 
 
 meetings of the Society shall appoint all committees unless otherwise ordered 
 shall vote only at election of officers and members and in case of a tie, and shall sign 
 all drafts and diplomas awarded by the Society. In his absence, the first V. P. on 
 the list present shall perform his duties. In the absence of both President and Y. 
 P's, the Society may choose a chairman viva voce. 
 
 Sec. 2. OF THE SECRETARY. The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence 
 of the Society, keeping in a book provided for that purpose copies of the letters written 
 in the name or on behalf of the Society, and shall hold said book open and free to 
 the inspection of all members of the Society at any regular meeting. He shall also 
 receive, read and file all letters addressed to the Society, holding the same subject to 
 the disposal of the Board of Managers, and shall be ex-officio Secretary of the 
 Board of the Executive Committee. 
 
 He shall attend all meetings of the Society, the Board and Executive Committee ; 
 record full minutes of the same in separate books, and furnish copies of such minutes 
 to the committee of publication within five days after the close of such meeting. 
 
 He shall prepare and publish notice of all meetings of the Society ; shall keep 
 a roll of all standing committees ; call the same at each meeting, reporting the ab- 
 sences from the previous meeting ; shall notify each person of his election to mem- 
 bership, (honorary or otherwise,) and present him a certificate of the same and a 
 printed copy of the by-laws. He shall record in a book kept for that especial pur- 
 pose, the name of every member, the date of his election, and by whom proposed. 
 He shall also cause to be prepared and delivered to each member, gratuitous tickets 
 of admission to all the Society's exhibitions. 
 
 He shall countersign all diplomas awarded by the Society, and forward the same 
 to their respective claimants. 
 
 He shall be ex-officio Librarian, shall keep the seal and all plates or dies belonging 
 to the Society, and cause to be struck therefrom such medals or impressions, as may 
 from time to time be required. He shall, in connection with the President, draw 
 upon the Treasurer in favor of all persons entitled to premiums for their respective 
 sums, and shall at each annual meeting, present a full report of all the transactions 
 of the Society for the year ; for all which services, he shall receive such compensa- 
 tion as the Society may from time to time decide to pay. 
 
 Sec. 3. OF THE TREASURER. The Treasurer shall collect all monies due or 
 payable to the Society, and shall keep and disburse the same according to the estab- 
 lished regulations ; shall hold in trust all certificates of stock, bonds, notes or other 
 evidences of debt, and shall transfer, invest or dispose of the same only by direction 
 of the Society, or on the written order of the committee of finance, and shall make 
 a full report of his doings at the annual meeting, or at any time upon the order of 
 the Board of Managers. 
 
 He shall also report to the Society the names of all persons who are in default to 
 the Society, for their annual contributions for more than twelve months, and shall 
 furnish to the committee of finance a list of such members a? shall have been six 
 months in arrears for two annual subscriptions. 
 
 30236$ 

 
 For the faithful discharge of his duties, he shall, within fifteen days of his election, 
 file with the Secretary a bond approved by the Board, in the sum of double the esti- 
 mated revenue for the coming year, together with the funds on hand ; and shall re- 
 ceive for his services such compensation as the Society shall from time to time agree 
 to pav. 
 
 ARTICLE VL BOARD OF MANAGERS. 
 
 Sec. 1. OF WHOM COMPOSED. The President, Vice Presidents, Secretary, 
 Treasurer, and Directors, shall constitute the Board, to whom, in the interim of 
 stated meetings, shall be intrusted the general, prudential, fiscal and supervisory 
 management of the Society. 
 
 Sec. 2. MEETINGS. The Board shall meet statedly on the second "Wednesday 
 of April, July, October, and January, at such place or places as they shall from 
 time to time choose, and shall make by-laws for the government of their own pro- 
 ceedings, not contrary to the by-laws of the Society. At their first meeting they 
 shall choose five of their own number, (the President and Secretary being TWO,) 
 as an Executive Committee, to whom they may entrust the carrying out in detail, 
 of such measures as the Society or Board shall direct. 
 
 Sec. 3. VACANCIES. In the interim of annual meetings the Board shall fill all 
 vacancies in office. 
 
 Sec. 4. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. It shall be the duty of the Executive Com- 
 mittee to make all suitable arrangements for exhibitions, and the manner of award- 
 ing and presenting premiums ; to prepare and have charge of the hall or exhibition 
 rooms of the Society ; to form rules pertaining to the same, (submitting them to the 
 Board, subject to amendment, adoption or repeal). In the performance of their 
 duties they shall have power to form any desirable number of sub-committees, and 
 call to their aid such other assistance as may be necessary. 
 
 ARTICLE VIL STANDING COMMITTEES. 
 
 Sec. 1. OF THEIR APPOINTMENT. All standing committees shall be appointed 
 at the annual meeting. 
 
 Sec. 2. COMMITTEE OF FINANCE. This committee shall consist of three, whose 
 duty it shall be to audit the Treasurer's accounts, and present the same to the 
 Society ; to examine and approve all bills before they are paid ; to give specific 
 directions to the Treasurer with reference to the disbursement or investment of the 
 funds and property of the Society, and make a full report of their proceedings to 
 the Society at the annual meeting, or when called upon by the Board so to do. 
 
 Sec. 3. LIBRARY COMMITTEE. The committee on the library shall consist of 
 three, and shall have charge of all books, maps, drawings, engravings, specimens, 
 &c., designed for the library ; shall from time to time procure such works as they 
 may deem expedient, not exceeding the amount appropriated for the purpose. 
 
 They shall have power to adopt and enforce rules and regulations for the Library, 
 the same having been approved by the Board. They shall also, from time to time, 
 present to the Society, lists of such books and publications as they may think best to
 
 add to the Library, and suggest means and measures for its augmentation and pres- 
 ervation, and shall make a full report of their proceedings at the annual meeting. 
 
 Sec. 4. PREMIUM COMMITTEE. The Premium Committee shall consist of three 
 members, and it shall be their duty to prepare a list of premiums to be offered by the 
 Society, and present the same to the Executive Committee on or before the second 
 Wednesday of January, which if approved shall be signed by the President, counter- 
 signed by the Secretary, and published as the list of premiums for the year. 
 
 Sec. 5. COMMITTEE OF AWARD. There shall be four Committees of Award, com- 
 posed of three members each : 1st, on Fruit ; 2d, on Flowers and Plants ; 3d, on 
 Vegetables ; 4th, on new varieties in the three departments. Said committees shall 
 meet one hour previous to opening the hall for public exhibition, and make their ex- 
 aminations. They shall award premiums according to the schedule, (withholding 
 from all unworthy specimens, though there be no competition,) and shall recommend 
 to the Executive Committee such gratuities as they may think are merited. 
 
 Any of the committees of award shall have power to call to their aid, and appoint 
 such sub-committees as they may deem necessary. 
 
 Any one member in the absence of all the others of the committee, shall be entitled, 
 aided by such persons as he may choose, to proceed with and finish the work of the 
 committee. Three successive absences of a member of a committee without satisfac- 
 tory excuse shall be considered equivalent to a resignation. 
 
 It shall be the especial duty of the committee on new varieties, to examine care- 
 fully all specimens presented for inspection, taking such data as will enable them, at 
 the same, or the next meeting of the Society, to present a full description, with bo- 
 tanical name, general appearance, origin, merits, &c. 
 
 All premiums, gratuities or awards of whatever kind, shall be presented to the 
 persons entitled to the same, or to their authorized representatives, under the direc- 
 tion of the Executive Committee, either at the meeting at which the award is made, 
 or at the next subsequent one. 
 
 At the annual meeting, each committee shall make to the Society a full report of 
 ail awards, gratuities or premiums granted during the year, together with the names 
 of the persons to whom awarded ; all of which shall be made part of the published 
 transactions of the Society. 
 
 Sec. 6. ON NAMES AND SYNONYMS OF FRUITS. This committee shall consist 
 of five members, whose duty it shall be to examine all specimens of fruits brought 
 before the Society, at any of its meetings or exhibitions ; to label such as are without 
 labels, and correct such as are erroneously named ; also, to determine as far as possi- 
 sible their proper synonyms, for the purposes of which, they shall, if necessary, con- 
 fer and interchange with kindred associations. 
 
 Sec. 7. COMMITTEE FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS, &c. A committee of 
 three shall receive all seeds, plants, &c., presented to the Society for distribution, and 
 shall distribute the same, as they may deem most apt to promote the objects of the 
 Society. The recipients of such seeds, plants, &c., will be expected to report to this 
 committee their success, and the committee shall report the same to the Society.
 
 40 
 
 Sec. 8. COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION. This committee shall consist of three 
 members, (one of whom shall be the Secretary of the Society,) whose duty it shall 
 be to publish the transactions of the Society in such form as may be deemed advisa- 
 ble, and furnish each member of the Society with a copy. 
 
 Sec. 9. TIME OF REPORTING. All standing committees shall furnish to the 
 Secretary of the Society, copies of their reports at least one month previous to the 
 annual meeting, so that he may possess the necessary data for the annual report of 
 the Board of Managers. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. DONATIONS AND BEQUESTS. 
 
 All donations, bequests and legacies, designated by the donors for any particular 
 purpose embraced within the objects of the Society, shall be with strict fidelity so 
 applied. 
 
 The name of each donor, together with the amount and description of each dona- 
 tion, and the object for which it is designed, shall be registered in a book kept ex- 
 pressly for that purpose. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. MEETINGS AND EXHIBITIONS. 
 
 Sec. 1. OF MONTHLY EXHIBITIONS. The Society may, at its discretion, hold 
 meetings for the exhibition of all articles embraced within the most liberal definition 
 of the term HORTICULTURE, on the second "Wednesday of each month. 
 
 Sec. 2. QUARTERLY MEETINGS. The Society shall meet statedly on the Second 
 Wednesday of April. July, October and January, for the discussion of subjects per- 
 taining to Horticulture. At each meeting, one or more subjects shall be proposed 
 and referred to select committees, who shall make written report upon the same at 
 the next meeting, which report shall be the subject of discussion. 
 
 Sec. 3. ANNUAL MEETING. The annual meeting shall be held on the second 
 Wednesday in April. 
 
 Sec. 4. PROXY VOTING. Voting by proxy shall not be admissible in any meet- 
 ing of the Society. 
 
 ARTICLE X. QUORUM. 
 
 At any meeting of the Society, nine members shall constitute a quorum. At any 
 meeting of the Board, five shall be a quorum, the President and Secretary being 
 included. 
 
 ARTICLE XL AMENDMENTS. 
 
 Amendments to these laws must be presented in writing at a stated meeting, when, 
 if a majority consent, they shall be spread upon the minutes and lie over until the 
 next stated meeting, when they shall then be read, and if after discussion two-thirds 
 of all the members present vote for the amendments, they shall be adopted and be- 
 come part of the laws of the Society. 

 
 Third Annual Meeting 6f the California Horticultural Society. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, April 13th, 1859. 
 
 Society met at the rooms of H. Gushee, at 10 o'clock, A. M. On motion, meeting adjourned 
 to 1 o'clock, P. M. 
 
 AFTERNOON SESSION. The President being absent, John Levelling, Vice President, took the 
 chair. 
 
 The credentials of Mesers. Staples, of San Joaquin, and Wheeler, of Sacramento, as Delegates 
 from the California State Agricultnral Society, were received. 
 
 J. W. Osborn, Chairman of Executive Committee, reported. Report accepted and adopted. 
 
 On motion, it was Resolved: That a Committee be appointed to confer with the Mechanics' In- 
 stitute respecting the amount claimed to be due to this Society, and failing in an amicable arrange- 
 ment, that they have authority to take legal proceedings at the expense of the Society, to recover 
 the amount they may find to be due. The Committee consisted of A. A. Cohen, H. Gushee. 
 T. D. Woolsey. 
 
 Resolved: That said Committee report to the Executive Committee at their earliest convenience. 
 
 Report of Secretary read, accepted and ordered on file. 
 
 On motion, it was ordered, that a proper entry be made upon the records, showing the appoint- 
 ment of W. Wadsworth to the office of Secretary of the Society, by the Executive Committee, on 
 the resignation of O. C. Wheeler, former Secretary. 
 
 Report of Treasurer read, accepted and adopted. 
 
 Secretary presented his account for expenses incurred in cash, $14, which was allowed. 
 
 It was also voted to pay to the Secretary the sum of $36, for services rendered the Society. 
 
 Resolved : That the Report of last year's Proceedings be immediately published. 
 
 That the thanks of the Society be tendered to the Officers and Committees of last year ; and 
 also to the proprietors of the Alia California for the gratuitous publication of the Reports of the 
 Committees, in full, thereby enabling the Society to place their proceedings before its member.* 
 prior to the Annual Meeting. Also to the Auctioneers, Messrs. Riddle and Eldridge, for their 
 services at the close of the Fair. 
 
 Communications from various members read and placed on file. 
 
 Communication of F. W. Macondray, showing that, on account of ill health, he wished to de- 
 c-line the nomination to the office of President for the ensuing year, was received with an expres- 
 sion of regret by the Society. 
 
 Unfinished business being closed, the meeting proceeded to the choice of the Society's Officer* 
 for the ensuing year. 
 
 On the first ballot, J. W. Osborn, of Napa, was unanimously elected President. 
 
 The following Officers were elected. The Committees were appointed by the President. 
 
 Vice Presidents. John Lewelling, San Lorenzo ; H. Haile, Alameda ; John Center, San Fran- 
 cisco ; A. P. Smith, Sacramento. 
 
 Directors. Joseph Aram, San Jose; A. W. White, Alameda ; H. Gushee, San Francisco. 
 
 Secretary. W. Wadsworth, San Francisco. 
 
 Treasurer. Charles R. Bond, San Francisco. 
 
 1
 
 42 
 
 COMMITTEES. 
 
 Finance. A. A. Cohen, J. S. Silver, D. E. Hough. 
 
 Library. A. H. Myers, T. D. Woolsey, H. F. Williams. 
 
 Premium. F. W. Macondray, San Francisco ; W. Daniels, San Jose ; G. H. Beach, Marysville. 
 
 Committee on Names and Synonyms of Fruits. John Lewelling, Wilson Flint, Joseph Aram, A. 
 P. Smith, F. W. Macondray. 
 
 Committee on Distribution of Seeds. D. L. Perkins, G. W. Fountain, C. L. Kellogg. 
 
 Committee of Publication. W. Wadsworth, J. B. Rumford^, J. S. Silver. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Rumford, the following amendment was offered to the Constitution, Sec. 2d. 
 which was ordered to be placed upon the record. 
 
 The following amendment to Sec. 2d of Art. 3 of the Constitution is submitted for your consid- 
 eration : 
 
 Let forty-five be changed to twenty, and fifty to twenty-five dollars, so that it shall read : Any 
 person already a member, may become a member for life, by paying twenty dollars additional, and 
 shall be exempt from all further aues or assessments, excepting for the library. 
 
 Any person not already a member, may become a member for life by the same process as a sub- 
 scription member, and paying twenty -five dollars. 
 
 The bond of the Treasurer was presented and accepted. 
 
 Resolved: That the Society hail with pleasure the announcement that the Alameda County Agri- 
 cultural Society will hold a Floral Fair, on the 14th of June next, and recommend the members of 
 this Society to co-operate with and encourage the same. 
 
 On motion of Wilson Flint, after some discussion, it was 
 
 Resolved : That the next Annual Fail- shall be opened in San Francisco, on the 23d of August, 
 and continue four days. 
 
 Resolved: That the Committees of Award shall be appointed at the time of the Fair, by the ' 
 Executive. 
 
 Meeting adjourned to call. 
 
 Subsequently at the Board meeting, the following gentlemen were chosen Executive Committee. 
 
 J. W. OSBORN, 
 W. WADSWORTH, 
 A. W. WHITE, 
 H. GUSHEE, 
 J. LEWELLING. 

 
 TREASURER'S REPORT. 
 
 J. L. SANFORD IN ACCOUNT WITH CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
 1858. Dr. 
 
 April 15. To cash in treasury, as per report at date $37 06 
 
 To omission, received of Wilson Flint, membership 5 00 
 
 To amount from W. N. Thompson .* 10 00 
 
 $52 06 
 
 Sept'r 1. To donation from P. M. S. S. Co 10 00 
 
 " 30. To cash received for seventy-six memberships 380 00 
 
 " 30. To cash received from sale of fruit 161 75 
 
 Oct'r 25. To cash received from sale of soiled cloth 5 00 
 
 $608 81 
 
 ,1858. Or. 
 
 Sept. By disbursements at late Fair, &c. $348 13 
 
 By cash paid to letter treasury box 1 50 
 
 By cash paid to mail one thousand circulars 10 00 
 
 By cash paid for treasury box 5 00 
 
 By cash paid for use of dishes at Fair 5 00 
 
 By cash paid H. Lewelling for fruit 6 50 
 
 By cash paid M. Lathrop for fruit .10 00 
 
 By cash paid for advertising sale of fruit 7 50 
 
 By cash paid for advertising tickets, Alta 4 00 
 
 By cash paid Whitton, Towne & Co. for Eeceipt Book 9 00 
 
 By cash paid Van Bokkelen . 2 50 
 
 By cash paid Buswell, lettering Treasury Books 3 00 
 
 By cash paid Wadsworth & Co. on order 50 00 
 
 By cash on hand 146 68 $608 81 
 
 Received cash from Mechanics' Institute 709 75 
 
 Received cash from do. on bill rendered 102 50 
 
 $812 25 
 Expended of Premium Fund 657 00 
 
 $155 25 
 Balance of General Fund 146 68 
 
 J. L. SANFORD, Treasurer. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, April 13, 1859.
 
 
 
 44 
 Summary. 
 
 Due on Premium List A $364 00 
 
 Cash on hand . . . . 301 93 
 
 Deficit 62 07 
 
 The Society has jet to pay for printing their Reports, and some incidental ex- 
 penses. 
 
 Per order of Finance Committee.
 
 OFFICERS FOR 1857, 
 
 President. 
 F. W. MACONDRAY, San Francisco, 
 
 Vice-Presidents. 
 
 WM. NEELY THOMPSON, San Francisco, I A. H. MYERS, Alaiueda, 
 
 WM. DANIELS, Santa Clara, GEORGE H. BEACH. Yuba. 
 
 Secretary. 
 O. C. WHEELER, Alameda. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 JASON L. SANFORD, Alameda, 
 
 Directors. 
 
 B. S. Fox, Santa Clara, | J. W. OSBORN, Napa, 
 
 A. P. SMITH, Sacramento. 
 
 Executive Committee. 
 
 F. W. MACOXDRAY, AVii. DANIELS, 
 
 JASON L. SANFORD, J. W. OSBORN. 
 
 O. C. WHEEL EH. 
 
 Committee of Finance. 
 
 F. W. MACONDRAY, | WM. M. LENT, 
 
 WM. NKELY THOMPSON.
 
 OFFICERS FOR 1858. 
 
 President. 
 
 F. W. MACONDRAY, San Francisco. 
 Vice -Presidents. 
 
 W. N. THOMPSON, Solano, 
 J. W. OSBORN, Napa, 
 J. LEWELLING, San Lorenzo, 
 A. P. SMITH, Sacramento, 
 
 B. S. Fox, San Jose, 
 
 G. H. BEACH, Yuba, 
 
 E. S. HOLDEN, San Joaquin, 
 
 THOS. J. WHITE, Los Angeles. 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 O. C. WHEELER, (resigned,) Sacramento. 
 W. WADSWORTH, Sgn Francisco. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 J. L. SANFORD, San Francisco. 
 
 Directors. 
 
 W. PALMER, Alameda, WM. DANIELS, Santa Clara, 
 
 H. GUSHEE, San Francisco. 
 
 Executive Committee. 
 
 F. W. MACONDRAY, W. N. THOMPSON, 
 
 W. WADSWORTH, B. S. Fox, 
 
 J. W. OSBORN. 
 
 Committee of Finance. 
 
 F. W. MACONDRAY, | W. N. THOMPSON, 
 
 C. R. BOND.

 
 

 
 * 
 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 AT
 
 society - 
 
 n f> 4-T-.J 
 
 > \jjL i/jn 
 annual fair. 
 
 SB1 
 
 C14 
 
 1858 
 
 Form L-0 
 
 aotn-1, -41(1122)