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 NIVER8 ITV OF 
 
 CAUFOUMA. 
 
HOMCEOPATHY ; 
 
 TREATING OF 
 
 Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Hogs and Dogs, 
 
 AND THEIR 
 
 SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHIC TKEATMENT. 
 
 Showing Ventilation, Precautions to be observed in Buying 
 a Horse ; How to tell the age of a Horse, etc. , with an 
 Essay on the Stallion, and the Law of Trans- 
 mission and Progeny Explained. 
 
 BY ^. in. COOIPER, 
 
 VETERINARY SURGEON, 
 No 815 Market Street , San Francisco. 
 
 CUBEEY AND COMPANY, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, 
 536 MARKET STREET, OPPOSITE SECOND. 
 
 i 868 . 
 
LIBRARY 
 
 CALIFOHNIA. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The plan of this little book is intended to be 
 precisely such as the author conceived to be 
 wanted by the public. Such a manual as this' 
 has long been wanted, and the stiring interest of 
 the theme, leaving out of view its importance, 
 should recommend it as likely to prove a welcome 
 and animating addition to the study of veterinary 
 practice. And yet, to remove long standing prej u 
 dices, the author is well aware is a difficult task . 
 still he ventures to hope that a careful perusal of 
 these few pages will excite in some degree the 
 feelings of humanity, in respect to the many suf- 
 ferings to which the generous animal is frequently 
 liable from unmerited cruelty and injudicious 
 treatment, and that mankind may be induced to 
 view his sufferings with an eye of sympathy and 
 tenderness, and have recourse to a humane mode 
 of treatment when accident or disease may re- 
 require it. 
 
 As an eminent writer has truly said. " The 
 world owes much to homoeopathy more, proba- 
 bly, than has ever been told, or will ever be 
 
PREFACE- 
 
 known. It is something to bo emancipated from 
 drugs, from lancets, leeches, blisters and poisons ; 
 but it* is more, to be relieved from the fear of 
 them, and to be restored and preserved by forces 
 mild as love, and gentle as the dews of heaven 
 forces unknown and unrevealed, until elicited by 
 the genius of this system. 
 
 But these benefits are not confined to the hu- 
 man species. Animals may enjoy them as well ; 
 and Heaven knows how much they need them. 
 For to them the day of sickness is not merely the 
 day of doom, but of suffering and of torture as 
 well. Ignorance and cruelty seem to have con- 
 trolled this branch of medicine not that men are 
 of necessity careless in regard to the lives of their 
 animals, or designedly cruel as to the measures 
 used to restore them when sick ; but so little real 
 knowledge prevails concerning their diseases, and 
 so much error as to the proper method of cure, 
 that fatality and the most absurd and cruel meas- 
 ures almost of necessity prevail. Some judicious 
 stock owners, taught by experience the fatality of 
 the common methods of treatment, notwithstand- 
 ing the torture and expense, have more humanely, 
 if not more wisely, abandoned all treatment, pre- 
 ferring to let nature contend with disease alone, 
 rather than with disease and drugs united. But, 
 thanks to Homeopathy, there is a better way. 
 
 For many years past, Homoeopathy has been 
 applied to the diseases of all domestic animals in 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Europe, with the most brilliant success. In 
 America and the British Isles, within the past few 
 yours, not only have individual practitioners ap- 
 plied its remedies with equal success, but some 
 large veterinary institutions, and most of our 
 principal equestrian troops and menageries, em- 
 ploy it exclusively in all diseases of their horses, 
 experience having shown them its great value 
 and curative power, and its immense superiority 
 over every other method. But the inherent intri- 
 cacies of the system rendered its general intro- 
 duction for the cure of animals impossible ; and 
 though, in the hands of some practitioners and 
 veterinary surgeons, it worked wonders enough to 
 show its astonishing capacities, yet to the masses 
 it has remained a sealed book. 
 
 The collection of materials for this work, by 
 obtaining practical and authentic information for 
 the friends of Hornceopathy who have sought and 
 found relief for their suffering animals that have 
 been afflicted with disease, has involved the labor 
 of some years. The benefit derived from this 
 mode of treatment is known to many, and to 
 those who look into it with an unprejudiced eye, 
 it grows upon the attention like the increasing 
 attraction of a marvelous tale ; and the affects are, 
 in fact, as strange and as full of wonders as the 
 fabulous gardens in the " Arabian Nights Enter 
 tainments;" but if one half, or one fiftieth, or 
 one hundredth part of the statements in its favor 
 
6 PREFACE. 
 
 be true, (and there is not the slightest reason to 
 question any of them), measures ought to be 
 taken to have it generally introduced among us 
 with as little delay as possible. The medical and 
 general public would then see, that there is 
 "something new under heaven, and that there 
 may be more things betwixt it and earth than are 
 dreamed of in our philosophy. Simple remedies 
 do not suit this luxurious generation, that longs 
 for what is elaborate and costly. What is homce- 
 pathy V May be the question asked after reading 
 the title. The answer is, a sytem of curing all 
 curable diseases incident to the human or animal 
 framt* by the agency of small doses of medicine, 
 that when taken in bulk, will produce symptoms 
 similar to disease. Such an allegation is startling 
 enough, and was received at first with much dis- 
 trust, living, as we do, in an age so fertile of im- 
 posture, pretensions and mysticism. Those who 
 have taken pains to look into this system of prac- 
 tice, would deem themselves negligent in their 
 duty did they not invite public attention to the 
 subject. The faculty, of course, have treated this 
 discovery with derision, but when the world shall 
 throw away all prejudice and all jealousy, they 
 will find the principle to be founded on a rock. 
 It may be convenint to quench a power that can- 
 not be controlled by clear, cool, impartial discus- 
 

 LIBRARY 
 
 TTNI VEK81T 
 
 CALIFORNIA, 
 
 HOMCEOPATHY. 
 
 Samuel Hahnemann, the discoverer of this sys- 
 tem of medicine, was born at Meissen, in Saxony ; 
 and like Harvey, Jenner, and many other celebra- 
 ted benefactors of their age who have introduced 
 invaluable discoveries, and conferred invaluable 
 benefits to mankind, was persecuted to the ut- 
 most degree. He conceived that medicine, al- 
 though apparently highly scientific in its theories, 
 was in practice little more than an empirical and 
 routine application of remedial measures, of which 
 we know neither the certain effects, nor the laws 
 which determine their choice. In 1790, whilst 
 engaged in translating the Materia Medica of Dr. 
 Cullen, his attention was called to the properties 
 that physicians attributed to bark, and he was 
 induced to try the affects of that substance upon 
 himself. He was in good health at the time, and 
 to his astonishment, found that repeated large 
 doses of that drug produced on him febrile symp- 
 toms, bearing great resemblance to those of ague. 
 As bark had long been known as a specific for the 
 cure of ague, his penetrating mind suspected that 
 something more than accident had caused that 
 medicine to produce symptoms so nearly resem- 
 bling those of the disease which it cures; and 
 from this artificial febrile attack may be dated the 
 origin of Homoeopathy. *He consulted all authors 
 
 ^British Journal of Homoeopathy. 
 
HOMOEOPATHY. 
 
 of reputation on Materia Medica, and in that 
 thoroughly scientific work, the Organon of medi- 
 cine, published in Dresden in 1810, under the title 
 of " Organon of the -Rational Art of Healing,/ he 
 gives from page 57 to 108, the statements of Allo- 
 pathic authors, where patients have been cured 
 solely, although without the knowledge of the 
 physician, by means of a homoeopathic medicine 
 which possessed the power of producing a similar 
 morbid state. " To affect/' says Hahneman, " a 
 mild, rapid, certain and permanent cure, choose 
 in every case of disease, a medicine which can 
 itself produce an affection similar to that sought 
 to be cured " 
 
 When Hahnemann first made known to the 
 world his therapeutical views, physicians were 
 induced to represent him as mad, and his ideas as 
 the offspring of a disordered imagination, so diffi- 
 cult was it for them to conceive that acute mala- 
 dies could be cured without bleeding, emetics, 
 cathartics, sudorifics, counter-irritants, &c., &c.; 
 thus homoeopathy has been kept back, not by ar- 
 guments, but by impudent sneers or selfish ridi- 
 cule. In like manner, Fulton, when he first 
 announced to his countrymen the power of steam, 
 was declared by his nearest friends, insane. Har- 
 vey, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, 
 was bitterly attacked, pronounced a reckless inno- 
 vator, and unworthy of public confidence as a 
 practitioner. Columbus, Newton, Locke, and 
 their doctrines were ridiculed, misrepresented, 
 and condemned, till time placed the names of 
 these eminent persons on the roll of fame ; their 
 discoveries have been allowed by kind Providence 
 to remain to benefit the world, and the public are 
 fast rendering the same justice to Hahnemann, 
 the founder of this grand system. 
 
HOMOEOPATHY. 
 
 The first law of Homoeopathy is, that when a 
 correct image of the disease has been obtained, a 
 medicine must be selected which will affect a 
 healthy person in a manner as similarly as possi- 
 ble ; that is, one that will excite in him symptoms 
 very similar to those presented by the disease to 
 be treated. The second law is, only to give a 
 single article at a time, but where one medicine is 
 not sufficient for the complete cure of a disease, 
 after allowing full time for the action of the first 
 remedy, another suitable one, nearest in analogy 
 to the existing state of the disease must be given, 
 followed by a third, if the patient be not fully re- 
 lieved : and so on, till the last traces of the indis- 
 position be obliterated. Homoeopathy goes to 
 work in tracing out diseases, and is of opinion 
 that the invisible morbid changes in the interior, 
 and the outward changes of the state of health 
 visible to our senses, constitute that which we 
 call disease, and thus it selects a remedy indica- 
 ted by the whole of the symptoms which will, by 
 removing these outward and perceptible symp- 
 toms of the disease, extinguish and destroy the 
 internal changes. A third rule, which although 
 it is not a law, is nevertheless inseparable from it, 
 is that of the dose of the medicine to be admin- 
 istered. 
 
 When Hahnemann first made his "discovery, 
 small doses did not form part of his system. In 
 ! the early part of his career he made use of the 
 j pure mother tincture in ordinary doses, but he ob- 
 served that they were too active, and that there 
 usually occurred an augmentation of the symp- 
 toms. This induced him to reduce' his doses until 
 he came to make use of attenuations and dilutions ; 
 and he found that when the medicines were pro- 
 perly prepared, they still had their specific action, 
 
10 HOMOEOPATHY. 
 
 and that disease was more speedily removed 
 than when stronger preparations were employed. 
 The great point with Hahnemann was to select a 
 medicine homoeopathic to the symptoms of the 
 disease, and then to administer just strength 
 enough of it to effect his object in the safest man- 
 ner. It matters not with regard to the homoeo- 
 pathic law, whether this or that strength is 
 employed, provided the remedy is homoeopathic to 
 the disease, and exactly the requisite impression 
 is produced upon the affected parts. The only 
 strength to be decided is, which strength cures 
 most safely and quickly ; and if facts prove, as all 
 homceopathists believe, that a preparation weaker 
 than the tincture is the most safe and efficient, 
 then it is our duty to give these preparations the 
 preference. The size of the dose, although inde- 
 pendent in theory of the law of similarities, is 
 nevertheless, a natural practical consequence 
 which cannot be separated from the curative prin- 
 ciple of Homoeopathy. Hahnemann found this 
 minute division of medical substances by tritura- 
 tion and shaking, instead of decreasing, increased 
 their properties in an extraordinary manner ; and 
 substances which were considered inert, such as 
 charcoal, lycopodium, etc, became active agents 
 when prepared as he pointed out. Like caloric, 
 electricity and magnetism, the strength remains 
 latent in the. crude state of the substance, and can 
 only be developed by the important agency of 
 heat friction or trituratipn. These small doses, 
 if well chosen, effect the seat of the complaint 
 almost exclusively, because in disease, the suscep- 
 tibility of the affected parts to the action of the 
 remedies, is vastly greater than in the same parts 
 in a state of health ; they possess a preternatur- 
 ally acute sensibility to be strongly affected by 
 
HOMCEOPATHY. 11 
 
 any substance having the property of producing a 
 like irritation ; thus the scalded hand is pained by 
 a distant fire, the inflamed skin by the slightest 
 touch, the inflamed eye to light. Medicine is the 
 small guiding force, nature the strong impelling 
 force. '* Nature," says Dr. Andrew Combe, " is 
 truly the agent in the cure of disease, and as she 
 acts in accordance with fixed and invariable laws, 
 the aim of the physician ought always to be to 
 facilitate her efforts, by acting in harmony with, 
 and not in opposition to those laws. Nature may 
 be aided, but she ought never to be thwarted ; and 
 medicine will advance toward the certainty of 
 other sciences, only in proportion as we become 
 fillled with this guiding principle " 
 
 We flatter ourselves that for simplicity, com- 
 pleteness and reliability, this little box and case of 
 medicines will commend itself to the judgment of 
 a discerning public. 
 
 ( LIBRARY 
 
 '( UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 PROPER and enlightened attention to the want* 
 of domestic animals, is not only a sentiment o 
 humanity, but a dictate of economy. To know ai 
 least in good part what is the particular ailmen 1 
 of an animal, and to know also how to relieve it 
 would seem to be a necessary obligation to owner 
 ship. The least we can return to the many faith 
 fill animals given us, is to provide for their reason 
 able wants, not only in health, but also in sickness 
 and disease Not * that every man who owns f 
 horse should be a veterinary surgeon ; and yet the 
 way is so simple that any intelligent person, bj 
 the aid of this little manual and case of niedi 
 cines, may readily cure a large proportion, nay 
 almost every disease to which his animals are ex 
 posed, and yet bestow upon the subject but litth 
 attention. 
 
 Among the many blessings which Homoeopath} 
 has conferred upon the world, not among the leasl 
 is the immense improvement which it has effectec 
 in the treatment of the diseases of domestic ani 
 mals. With but little variation, to meet theii 
 
INTRODUCTION. 13 
 
 peculiar habits and susceptibilities, the same 
 remedies that have been so efficient in mitigating 
 and curing the diseases of men, women and chil- 
 dren, have been found equally successful in arrest- 
 ing the diseases to which all classes of domestic 
 animals are liable. The contrast is even greater. 
 Probably from the fact that the treatment of sick 
 animals has been but little understood, and in- 
 trusted to the hands mainly of ignorant persons, 
 who have pursued the most crude, cruel and des- 
 tructive measures, often for more dangerous and 
 life-destroying than the disease itself, a large pro- 
 portion of the sick have died or been tortured to 
 death. But when the same diseases are subjected 
 to the mild and benign influence of intelligent 
 Homcepathic treatment, it is found that almost 
 every disease among them is within its control, 
 even the most fatal yielding to its magic influences. 
 
 Although at first sight it may seem strange, 
 that animals should be successfully treated by the 
 mild and apparently insignificant doses of Homoe- 
 opathy, yet a moment's reflection will suffice to 
 give many reasons why this should be so. Even 
 were it not susceptible of explanation, experience 
 has abundantly demonstrated the fact that, ani- 
 mals are, if possible, even more susceptible to 
 Homoepathic treatment than men, and its success 
 in their case is even more striking and brilliant. 
 
 This may be, perhaps, attributed to their more 
 regular habits, confinement to the same food and 
 driniv, absence of excitement, and freedom from 
 the many articles of food and drink in use among 
 the human species, which are all more or less 
 medicinal. 
 
 Owing to these circumstances, animals are very 
 impressible, and the doses for them need not be 
 much larger than for the human species. It 
 
14 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 seems to be a law of nature, that the more deli- 
 cate the organism, the more subject to disease. 
 Wild animals are almost entirely exempt, while 
 the highly artificial lives of some Domestic ani- 
 mals render them subject to numerous ailments 
 and to some very formidable diseases. Yet, as a 
 whole, animals are far less subject to disease than 
 men, and far more amenable to run-. 
 
 The treatment of Domestic animals with Specific 
 Honwopathic Remedies, has numerous advantages. 
 The medicines are given at once and without 
 trouble or annoyance, even without taking a 
 horse from his team, or a cow from her stall. 
 They produce no poisonous or prostrating effect, 
 so that the animal rallies at once, and without 
 loss or deterioration of value. Animals recover 
 much sooner, and hence are able to resume work 
 much earlier after sickness, than under any other 
 system. But more than all, it is far more suc- 
 cessful. Slighter diseases yield at once, and often 
 from a single dose, while the most formidable 
 cases of Pleuro-Pneumonia, or founder, in horses, 
 and Lung Murrain and Milk Fever in cows, cases 
 that are almost absolutely incurable under the 
 old treatment, even when well conducted, promptly 
 respond to the curative influence of Specific Hom- 
 oeopathic Remedies, while it is well known that 
 even when animals recover under the old system, 
 such have been the ravages of disease and medi- 
 cine, that their value and usefulness are generally 
 destroyed. 
 
MENTIONED IN THIS MANUAL, 
 AND THE RANGE OF ACT'ON ADAPTED TO EACH. 
 
 1. For Fevers, Inflamations and" Congestions of 
 all kinds ; Inflamation of the Lungs, Pleura or 
 Chest, Brain, Eyes, Throat, Liver or Belly, Quinsy 
 or Sore Throat, Congestion to the Head, Staggers, 
 Convulsions, Evil Results of Fright or Fear. All 
 diseases attended with heat, hot skin, quick pulse, 
 great excitement or pain. 
 
 2. For all affections of the Tendons, Ligaments 
 and Joints, Spavin, Founder, Strains, Injuries, 
 Curb, Splint, Stifle, Rheumatism, Results of Ex- 
 cessive Work or Fatigue. 
 
 8. For Distemper, Farcy, Glanders, Nasal Gleet, 
 Strangles, Nasal Discharges, Swelled Glands, Scab 
 and Rot in Sheep. 
 
 4. For Worms, Bots or Grubs, Long, Round, 
 Pin or Tape Worms, Colic, Marasmus or other 
 disease from Worms. 
 
 5. For all Diseases of the Air Passages, Coughs, 
 Influenza, Heaves, Broken Wind, Whistle, Thick 
 Wind, Inflamed Lungs, Labored, Difficult Breath- 
 ing. 
 
16 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 6. For Colic, Gripes, Belly Ache, Hoven or Wind 
 Blown, Diarrhea or Dysentery, Liquid or Bloody 
 Discharges, Fall Murrain. 
 
 7. For Miscarriage, Abortion. Slinking, Retained 
 Placenta, or imperfect cleansing, Hemorrhage, etc. 
 
 8. For all Urinary or Kidney Diseases, Intiamed 
 Kidney, Bladder or Urotha, Scanty, Painful, Diffi- 
 cult, Suppressed or Bloody Urination. 
 
 9. For Eruptions and Cutaneous Diseases, 
 Mange, Farcy, Grease, Thrush, Abscess, Ulcers, 
 Fistula, Swellings, Erysipelas, Unhealthy Skin, 
 Rough Coat. 
 
 10. For Indigestion, Constipation, Evil Effects 
 of Over-Feeding, Jaundice or Yellows, Ill-Condi- 
 tion, Staring Coat, Paralysis, Stomach Staggers. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing specifics, which are 
 all given internally, the following remedies and 
 {reparations are also employed externally as 
 washes or npplications, at the same time the Spe- 
 cific remedy is internally employed. 
 
 We prepare a Liniment, and use it in our prac- 
 tice, which we believe to be the best external 
 remedy now in use for sprains, bruises, rheumatism 
 and lameness of all kinds, for man or beast. 
 
 Calendula Otticinulis (the common Marigold), 
 is the best known remedy for flesh and lacerated 
 wounds, as it is remarkable for healing by first 
 intention. This is prepared by adding one pint of 
 alcohol to four ounces of fresh flowers, and will 
 be ready for use after a day or two. 
 
 DOSES HOW MUCH. 
 
 It is an" error to suppose that animals require 
 very large doses of Specific Medicines, for expe- 
 rience has shown them to be very impressible, 
 
 
LIST OP SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 17 
 
 easily influenced by appropriate medicine, and in 
 avneral, not to require as frequent repetitions as 
 the human, subject. Accustomed to give large 
 and powerful doses of poisonous medicines in order 
 to produce some revulsive effect, such as a ca- 
 thartic or sudorific, or even as an alternative, we 
 can not hence infer the proper quantity required 
 when a mere curative result is desired. ' Only ex- 
 perience, hence, can answer the question how 
 much? And experience has amply shown that 
 for horses, four five, or eight drops is the range of 
 doses best adapted in ordinary cases, and that 
 while cattle and hogs require rather more, sheep 
 and dogs require less than the doses above men- 
 tioned. We have indicated in each disease the 
 dose supposed to be best for that particular case, 
 yet to give two or three drops more in any given 
 case would probably not be hurtful, while to give 
 one or two drops less, would not endanger the cu- 
 rative action for want of the requisite quantity. 
 The truth is, that precision in quantity is not in- 
 dispensable to a cure. The doses indicated we 
 think are best, but a deviation from them is by 
 no means fatal. One physician gives much more 
 and another many times less, and both are suc- 
 cessful. Medicine gives a curative impulse often 
 as well or better with two or five drops as with 
 much more. Besides, in giving medicines to ani- 
 mals, from their restlessness, dodging the head, 
 and other similar disturbing circumstances we can 
 not, and happily need not, be very positive, (jive 
 the doses as near the direction as convenient, and 
 the result will be satisfactory. Young animals 
 require but half as much as grown ones. 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
18 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 REPETITIONS HOW OFTEN. 
 
 The effect of Specific Homoeopathic Remedies 
 are very prompt and positive. Often immediate, 
 in cases of colic or other forms of neuralgia, as the 
 medicine acts at once through the medium of the 
 nervous system. In other acute diseases, such as 
 in inflammation, the effect is equally prompt, but 
 not so openly manifested. 
 
 After a dose of medicine has been given and 
 good results are being manifested the animal 
 easier, more quiet and relieved, it is wise not to 
 interfere with even a new dose until the good 
 action is exhausted. Hence the time to repeat, is 
 trkcn that good effect has terminated. All rules of 
 repetition are based upon this axiom. Thus in 
 colic and inflammation of the bowels, we repeat 
 every fifteen, thirty or sixty minutes. In inflam- 
 mations of the lungs, or chest, head or other noble 
 organ, or in glanders or similar acute diseases, we 
 repeat once in two, three or four hours. In the 
 yet less severe forms of disease, such as fevers, 
 founder, strangles, distemper, lameness, or similar 
 diseases, a dose once in four hours, or four times 
 per day, is quite sufficient. While in coughs, 
 heaves, ulcers, eruptions, and similar affections, if 
 recent, a dose morning and night is ample. In 
 old chronic affections, a dose every day, or every 
 second day, is better than more frequent repeti- 
 tions, and in not a few cases, a single dose of 
 medicine never repeated has cured an old, long- 
 standing and obstinate disease. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 19 
 
 ALTERNATION OF REMEDIES. 
 
 In general but one medicine is required for a 
 disease, and it may be repeated from time to 
 time, until the case is cured. But cases are often 
 so constituted that two Specifics are indicated at 
 the same time, one to meet one phase of the dis- 
 ease, and a different specific to meet another. In 
 all cases the two medicines may be given alter- 
 nately with great propriety and advantage. Thus, 
 give a dose of one specific, and then, after the 
 proper interval has elapsed, give the other one, 
 and thus continue the two alternately, at such in- 
 tervals as the exigencies of the case demand. 
 Nor should we be deterred from the use of a spe- 
 cific in a particular case, because the name given 
 it indicates a different use, for a medicine may be 
 curative or specific for a particular disease, and 
 equally so for a very different or even seemingly 
 opposite one. Whenever it becomes necessary to 
 use a second remedy in alternation, No. 9 may be 
 chosen, as that is a constitutional remedy. 
 
 HOW TO CHOOSE THE REMEDY. 
 
 In the use of these Specifics nothing can well 
 be more simple than this, while in attempting to 
 use the ordinary Homoeopathic preparation it is 
 very difficuct and intricate. From an examina- 
 tion of the animal you will have some idea of the 
 nature of its disease, and will at once turn to the 
 page in the manual where the diseases will be 
 found classified, and each class numbered to cor- 
 respond with each vial containing the proper 
 remedy. 
 
20 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 In case a wrong medicine is selected or given, 
 no injury will be done, only a possible loss of time 
 may result. And when a sufficient length of 
 time has passed to show that no good has re- 
 sulted, the case should be looked over again, and 
 a more appropriate Specific given. 
 
 HOW TO GIVE THE REMEDY. 
 
 Not among the least recommendations for the 
 use of these specifics, is the ease and facility with 
 which they may be administered. No tying, 
 struggling or choking are necessary. The animal 
 should be approached quietly, and the medicine 
 placed, if possible, upon the tongue, well back 
 thence it is absorbed and acts through the medium 
 of the nervous system. The simplest method of 
 doing this is the best. For this purpose we use 
 a drachm vial, or a half-ounce vial, as that is not 
 liable to break. After placing the required num- 
 ber of drops of medicine in the vial, add the same 
 quantity of water, and approach the animal care 
 fully, holding firmly the vial between the thumb 
 and fingers, and with the other hand raise the 
 head a little, at the same time depositing the con- 
 tents of tiie vial carefully upon the tongue. The 
 vial should be washed alter giving the medicine, 
 before laying it down, that it may always be clean. 
 
 For dogs it is better to give the medicine in a 
 little sweet milk. 
 
LIST OP SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 21 
 
 HOUSING AND CARE OF SICK ANIMALS. 
 
 When an animal shows signs of illness, it 
 should be immediately cared for. The horse, 
 unless in case of colic, or other slight ailment, 
 when the medicine may be given at once, and his 
 work continued, should be placed in a roomy, con- 
 venient and warm stall, well littered with plenty 
 of dry bedding, and w r ell blanketed unless in very 
 warm weather. Cattle, sheep and hogs, as soon 
 as it is noticed that they are sick, should be 
 separated from the herd or flock, and placed in 
 comfortable and well-littered and especially dry 
 apartments. This is necessary, not only to pre- 
 vent disease spreading: to other stock on the farm, 
 but for the convenience of nursing them, giving 
 them medicine, and also to place them in the very 
 best ^position for a cure. Often a little timely care 
 and nursing, will save and restore an animal, 
 which, if permitted to run with the stock, and 
 take its chances, would undoubtedly be lost. A 
 sick animal as truly needs attention, as a sick 
 child. Not ahvays will mere nursing restore a 
 sick animal, but it always places it in the best 
 possible condition to effect a cure, and without it 
 the best medical treatment will often be fruitless. 
 
 DIET OF SICK ANIMALS. 
 
 In general, when animals are seriously ill, they 
 are without appetite, and will take little or no 
 food nature thus indicating the propriety of 
 abstinence. But in all cases, the food given or 
 allowed should be quite limited in quantity one 
 
22 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 half, one third or fourth of the usual quantity 
 allowed, and only that which is nourishing, easily 
 digested, and generally relaxing. With these 
 general restrictions, the usual kind of food may 
 be permitted, except in the case of dogs, where 
 only stale bread and milk should be allowed in 
 urgent cases, and but little or no meat, and no 
 salted or spiced food in any case. After the more 
 urgent symptoms of the disease have passed over, 
 and the animal is recovering, we should be care- 
 ful and not give full feed, as a relapse may thus 
 easily be provoked, and prove very stubborn and 
 dangerous. 
 
 At least half an hour or hour should intervene 
 after taking a dose of medicine, before the animal 
 should be fed, as the system is more susceptible 
 then than at any other time. 
 
 All nostrums, domestic medicines, or herb-teas 
 however harmless or beneficial otherwise^ are 
 STRICTLY PROHIBITED, as the Specific Medicine 
 must be permitted to act upon the system entirely 
 undisturbed by any predjudicial influences. 
 
 Injections of water, soap and water, or salt and 
 water, are always allowable, and may often be 
 used with great benefit. They are usually admin- 
 istered without difficulty, and in no case injurious, 
 and should one fail to produce an evacuation, 
 another or more may be repeated, until the result 
 is accomplished. 
 
 HOW TO FEEL THE PULSE. 
 
 This is best done by placing the finger on the 
 artery, where it passes over the lower jaw, about 
 four inches below its angle. Place the fore-finger 
 on the side of the lower jaw, at its angle, and 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 trace the jaw along gently towards the mouth. 
 Some four inches below the angle, a notch will 
 be found, in which the artery passes over the 
 jaw. and the throbbing of the pulse will be read- 
 ily felt. 
 
 The pulse makes, in a healthy horse, from 
 thirty-six to forty-two beats per minute, in spirit- 
 ed lighter horses the latter, and in heavy, older 
 horses the former. When the pulse reaches fifty 
 to fifty-five, there is some degree of fever. Seven- 
 ty-five will indicate a dangerous condition, and 
 few horses will long survive a pulse of one hun- 
 dred. Care should be taken not to excite a horse 
 before or while examining the pulse, as it may 
 thus readily be increased ten or fifteen beats to 
 the minute, and mislead as to the true condition. 
 
 EXPLANATION. 
 
 We say if a wrong medicine is given, no injury 
 is done. This perhaps should be explained, as 
 most people overlook the grand beauties of our 
 science ; can't see it, as the saying is. 
 
 The explanation is this: Whenever any organ is 
 diseased, it becomes very susceptible to medicine. 
 Hence we design to give just enough to produce a 
 healing action upon the diseased locality, but not 
 sufficient to affect any other organ that is in 
 health, and the reason of its being wrong is that 
 it is not specific for the locality for which it was 
 given. 
 
24 LIST OP SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 TETANUS, OR LOCK JAW. 
 
 This disease is more common in the horse 
 than in other domestic animals. It consists of a 
 muscular spasm of the jaw, (whence its name) 
 which usually extends to all the muscles of the 
 body. It most frequently occurs in consequence 
 of an injury or wound, such as broken knees, open 
 joints, severe bruises, nicked or docked tail, castra- 
 tion, wounds of the feet, prick of a nail, or even 
 the galling of a crupper. It is also caused by 
 cold or damp, sudden arrest of strangles, worms, 
 or a bad condition of the stomach. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. In general it conies on very slowly, 
 but also, in some cases, with great violence. The 
 muscles of the neck and jaw are first affected, so 
 that the horse has great difficulty in swallowing, 
 and in turning his neck. The muscles then become 
 quite stiff ; the mouth is nearly closed; the jaws 
 cannot be parted, and little or no food can be taken 
 into the mouth. By degrees, all the muscles be- 
 come affected with the same stiffness and cramp ; 
 the eyes are still and staring, pulled back in their 
 sockets, and squinted outward, and the haw is 
 thrust forward ; the neck cannot be bent, and the 
 muscles feel hard and firm ; the head cannot be 
 raised or lowered, and is held forward with the 
 nose stretched out ; the nostrils are expanded ; the 
 ears pointed forward, erect and fixed ; the lips are 
 firmly stretched across the teeth, which are partly 
 seen ; the saliva flows fnom the mouth ; the horse 
 looks anxious and can scarcely move ; the belly is 
 hard and tucked up ; the tail is lifted up and held 
 straight out, and is in a constant tremble ; the legs 
 are firmly fixed to the ground, and spread out 
 from each other ; the bowels are bound, and urine 
 
LIST OP SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 25 
 
 passes with difficulty ; the breathing is quickened, 
 luixHvu and convulsive; the pulse is disturbed 
 easily by frightening or speaking angrily to the 
 horse, and it becomes afterwards weak and trem- 
 bling. While the spasm of the muscles continues, 
 tTie animal is in constant pain, although it is less 
 severe at some times than at others. 
 
 TREATMENT. Where a wound or injury has 
 taken place, and tetanus supervenes, it will be of 
 course traced directly to this, and the wound 
 should at once be treated as recommended for that 
 particular case. If the discharge has suddenly 
 stopped, it should be reproduced by mild, warm 
 applications to the parts, and any irritation of the 
 wound allayed as soon and as far as possible. 
 
 The horse should also be treated with the great- 
 est possible kindness, not to be handled roughly or 
 unkindly, and as the spasms are rendered more 
 intense or severe from fright or noise, the groom 
 must not shout or speak angrily ; everything must 
 be done in the most kind and quiet manner, and 
 no glare of light admitted into the stable for the 
 same reason. The medicine can be given, incase 
 the mouth is closed, with a small syringe, thrown 
 weii back into the mouth. So soon as any stiff- 
 ness of the jaws, or other indication of this disease 
 appears, give five drops of the specific No. 1 for Gon- 
 rnixi.on8, and repeat the dose every three hours. 
 Should an improvement not take place within 
 twenty four hours, whether occasioned by an in- 
 jury or otherwise, alternate the Specific for Par- 
 alyxis, No. 10, with the first named, at intervals 
 of three or four hours, and continue this treatment 
 perseveringly. In some cases, ths Specific for 
 Paralysis,^ No. 10, may be used to advantage 
 froTn the first, but the two remedies will generally 
 be found most successful in alternation. 
 
26 LIST OP SPECIFICS AND IIKMKDI !:>. 
 
 When the disease has become fully developed, 
 or appears very violent, or does not promptly yield 
 to the remedies, we advise the following coarse, 
 from a full conviction that, if perse veringly fol- 
 lowed, the animal may be promptly saved. We 
 have been very successful in this. 
 
 Provide several buckets or tubs of water, as 
 cold as it can be made, the colder the better, even 
 if swimming in snow and ice, as the object is to 
 reduce the temperature of the animal as rapidly as 
 possible. Provide conveniently, also, several 
 blankets and parts of blankets, or clothes, to 
 wrap up the entire body, neck and L-us. These 
 should be conveniently at hand, so as to envelop 
 the animal as soon as possible after having been 
 thoroughly chilled. Then standing the animal 
 whore the water will conveniently run off, proceed 
 gently to pour the water over the animal from a 
 pitcher, in a moderate stream. Two persons can 
 do it best, each with pitchers, being constantly 
 replenished from buckets behind them, at the rate 
 ot ;i bucketful each in three or four minutes, pour- 
 ing the stream from the top of the head, so on 
 along down the neck and spine, constantly chang- 
 ing the direction of the streams, and keeping them 
 running over the animal, until he is thoroughly 
 chilled through and through, and sJmkt-s <.nnl trem- 
 bles violently. This is the criterion, and the streams 
 must be kept iip until this is accomplished, 
 whether it requires twenty minutes, or two hours, 
 or longer. 
 
 As soon as this is accomplished, and the horse 
 shakes and trembles violently, remove him to a com- 
 fortable place, wipe off the superfluous water, and 
 wrap him in blankets from head to heels, envelop- 
 ing the neck and muzzle, body and limbs, in sev- 
 eral folds, pinning them closely, and throwing 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 27 
 
 an extra one, or buffalo robe, over the whole, to 
 invite return of warmth and perspiration. Usually, 
 and it' the* animal has been thoroughly chilled, 
 with return of warmth, perspiration will break 
 out all over him, and the disease is gone. If the 
 animal has not been sufficiently chilled, only a dry 
 heat will come on and the spasms remain. The 
 operation must then be repeated, until the result 
 is obtained. But if the animal be thoroughly 
 chilled and treated as above, a warm perspiration 
 will come on with entire relief of the spasm. 
 The horse will then be well, and only needs care- 
 ful and gradual removal of the superfluous cover- 
 ing, so as not to chill the animal again, or permit 
 him to take cold. 
 
 During this entire process, the medical treat- 
 ment, as above mentioned, must be continued, and 
 for some time after, to prevent a return. 
 
 FOOD. When the jaws are firmly set, no food 
 can be given, but there are times when the spasms 
 relax, and the jaws are rather wider than at other 
 periods. Green food and gruel may then be offered 
 to the horse. When the jaws become more open, 
 he may have bran, clover, hay-tea, gruel and such 
 similar food. If the jaws cannot be opened, or he 
 cannot swallow, meal, or oatmeal-gruel, may be 
 injected by means of a large syringe, into the fun- 
 dament, and life be thus prolonged. 
 
 Care must be taken to feed sparingly when 
 recovering, or indigestion and a fatal result may 
 be the consequence. 
 
 Lockjaw is the only disease that requires either 
 packing, blistering, or even a poultice with our 
 treatment, except in such cases as when abcesses 
 have already formed, when they may be fomented 
 with hot soap suds and linseed meal. 
 
28 LIST OP SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 The internal medicines should be continued in 
 all such cases, as it hastens the cure. 
 
 Our medicines are put up in cases containing 
 ten different kinds, carefully prepared, classified 
 and labelled, each vial containing about two hun- 
 dred doses, and numbered to correspond with the 
 diseases classified in this book. Any one ordering 
 our medicines, less than a full case, should !;< par- 
 ticular to give the right number to each kind 
 wanted. It is very important however, to be sup- 
 plied with a full case, as then you are pivpaivd 
 for every emergency, wherea?, if only a part of 
 a case is at hand, that which is lacking may be 
 most wanted. Those who become acquainted 
 with our medicines, value them their weight in 
 gold. 
 
 Our prices for a full case, book included, is ten 
 dollars. For less than a full case, one dollar per 
 bottle, book not included* 
 
 All orders promptly responded to by us, No. 815 
 Market Street. Also can be had of James G. 
 Stec-le & Co., Chemists and Apothecaries, 521 
 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. 
 
 HOW TO TREAT NAIL IN THE FOOT. 
 
 First find the direction of the nail, then with 
 care remove the same, so as not to break it off. 
 Then drop tw r o or three drops of No. 2 into the 
 wound, and with the point oi a knife, tuck a little 
 oakum or cloth snugly into the wound, and apply 
 three drops more of No. 2, and give five drops on 
 the tongue. Nothing more is required, except in 
 very bad cases. Then the doses should be repeated 
 a few times once an hour. 
 
 *On page 11, third line from bottom, read book in place of box. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 29 
 
 HOW TO TREAT CORNS. 
 
 First have them well cut out. Apply five drops 
 No. 7, and let the foot be held up five or ten min- 
 utes, and a spoonful of brown sugar melted and 
 applied hot, and all will go well. 
 
 INFLUENZA. 
 
 Where numerous horses are attacked about the 
 same time, the symptoms assume a more severe 
 form, attended with a greater degree of prostration 
 than in cases of common cold, and it then merits 
 the name of INFLUENZA. The symptoms of one 
 year vary from those ot another, and during the 
 same season, all animals are not handled alike, 
 though the general outline will be the same. The 
 attending fever is of a low grade, comes on sud- 
 denly, and soon reaches its height, and lowuess of 
 spirits and weakness are predominant. The symp- 
 toms are often as follows : 
 
 The horse is dull, low-spirited, and easily tired ; 
 he yawns and hangs his head ; his coat stares ; 
 sweats easily, and breathes quickly, when slightly 
 worked or moved. He eats little or nothing. As the 
 disease advances, the skin is sometimes hot and 
 again cold ; the mouth and tongue are dry and 
 hot ; the white of the eye and nose are red ; the 
 bowels bound ; urine scanty ; the eyelids swelled, 
 partly closed, tears flow down the face, and fret the 
 skin. The sides of the nostrils are also fretted by 
 the acrid discharge from them, which is sometimes 
 very profuse. The throat is so much inflamed, 
 
30 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 that swallowing is attended with pain and diffi- 
 culty the animal " quids " his food, and splashes 
 the water with his muzzle, being afraid to swallow 
 either fluid or solid food. The throat is painful, 
 hot, and swelled on the outside ; the glands are 
 also swelled, hard and painful, and sometimes 
 maturate. The cough is frequent, at times 
 coining on in fits, and breathing is sometimes 
 quite obstructed and difficult. When the disease 
 has lasted some time, the dung is slimy and 
 mixed with blood, and the discharge from the nose 
 is sometimes bloody. 
 
 A common cold may terminate in inflammation 
 of the bronchia or lungs, by extending downwards, 
 or it may be cured, and expend itself merely in the 
 nose and throat. So an influenza may extend and 
 involve the pulmonary tissue, and is far more 
 grave than is usually supposed. 
 
 TREATMENT. When the disease commences 
 with a chill, or any considerable degree of fever 
 is present, give five drops of the Specific for Fever, 
 No. 1, and repeat it two or three times, at intervals 
 of three or four hours. Then alternate the Spe- 
 cific for Cough, No. 5, with the fever medicine, at 
 intervals of three or four hours, until the disease 
 is broken up, and the horse is well. In case of In- 
 fluenza, even with very threatening symptoms, the 
 Specific for Cough, No. 5, and for Fever, No. 1 
 should be given alternately, say every four hours, 
 in doses of five drops, keeping the animal well 
 covered and in a warm stable. After all the fever- 
 ish symptoms have disappeared, only the Cough 
 Specific No. 5 will be required, and the intervals 
 between the doses may be prolonged as the animal 
 improves. In case the discharge from the nose is 
 profuse or thick, and excoriating, one or both the 
 above named remedies may be omitted, and the 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 81 
 
 Specific for Distemper, No. 3 be given instead, 
 at the same intervals, and this may be continued 
 to the conclusion of the case, either alone or in 
 alternation with the Specific No. 5, for Cough. 
 
 COUGH. 
 
 Cough is so well known as to require no descrip- 
 tion. It is in almost all cases, a mere symptom of 
 some disease or morbid condition of the air pas- 
 sages, such as cold, bronchitis, catarrah, or other 
 more serious affections of the chest, upon the cure 
 of which it disappears. In some cases, however, 
 this affection is so slight as to occasion only cough 
 as a symptom of its existence, and the cough may 
 be said to be idiopathic. Continued cough pre- 
 disposes to inflammation, yet some horses have a 
 slight cough for years without being otherwise 
 unwell. Other coughs are connected with thick 
 wind, broken wind, glanders, worms and indi- 
 gestion. 
 
 TREATMENT. For all chronic coughs five drops 
 of the Specific for Coughs, No. 5 morning and 
 night, are sufficient. In more complicated or re- 
 cent cases, the medicine may be given three or 
 four times per day. 
 
 SPASM OF THE DIAPHRAGM OR MIDRIFF. 
 
 This is a very rare disease in the horse, but may 
 occur in consequence of disorders of the stomach 
 and bowels, or violent exertions when the stomach 
 is distended with food. 
 
32 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The midriff contracts with so 
 much force that the wlule body is shaken, and 
 a " thumping " noise is heard at some distance ; 
 these thumps are best heard when the ear is 
 placed over the back at each side of the spine ; 
 the pulse is small, from fifty to sixty to the min- 
 ute, and the breathing from twenty to thirty ; 
 the breath is drawn quickly into the lungs, and is 
 attended with a snifling sound at the nose ; the 
 sides of the nose are drawn inward, when the 
 breath is inhaled. 
 
 It differs from palpitation by the number of 
 beats being different from that of the iieart, by 
 the sounds being heard over the back and the 
 drawing in of the nostrils during inspiration. 
 
 TREATMENT. The disease will be cured by the 
 Specific for Fever, No. 1, or by the Fever and 
 Caiiy/i, No. 5, alternately, five drops every two or 
 three hours. 
 
 HEAVES, BROKEN WIND, THICK WIND, 
 WHISTLES. 
 
 These are merely varieties of nearly one and 
 the same pathological condition, and the dis- 
 tinctions lead to no practical result in the treat- 
 ment. 
 
 THICK WIND is generally the result of an im- 
 perfectly cured bronchitis or pneumonia, leaving 
 either the mucous membrane of the bronchia 
 permanently thickened, or some portions of the 
 lung more or less solidified, thus impairing its ca- 
 pacity and diminishing or destroying its elasticity. 
 Hence, the horse when exercised, especially up- 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 38 
 
 hill, breathes short, hurriedly, and more labori- 
 ously than in health. This causes much distress, 
 the horse expands his nostrils, heaves, pants, and 
 breathes with difficulty. 
 
 BHOKEN WIND is the result of emphysema of 
 the lungs, that is, the minute air-cells in certain 
 portions of the lungs become dilated, lose their 
 elasticity or power of contraction, and breaking 
 one into another, form variously-sized sacks of air, 
 the entrance to which becomes closed, so that this 
 air remains resident in the lung and so far destroys 
 its use. Spasm of the air-tubes acts in a similar 
 manner, hence, it may come and go, but the former 
 condition is more or less permanent. Spasm, or 
 disease of the midriff, is frequently connected 
 with it. The usual symptoms are, the flanks are 
 slowly drawn up until they have a tucked-up ap- 
 pearance, when thay suddenly fall down. The 
 act of. forcing the air from the lungs is far more 
 difficult, and requires longer time than to inspire 
 it. There is also a short, weak, wheezing cough, 
 rough, dry coat ; greediness for food, yet the animal 
 is thin and looks poor ; the belly is swelled with 
 wind ; oats often pass unchanged from the bowels. 
 
 TREATMENT. Some cases of broken and thick 
 wind cannot be cured, as they depend upon or- 
 ganic changes in the structure of the lungs, them- 
 selves incurable, yet all can be benefited and many 
 are entirely cured by the persistent use of the 
 Specific and proper attention to food and work. 
 
 In all cases of this disease, of whatever variety, 
 if recent or extensive, give five drops of the Heave 
 Specific, No. 5, three times per day. In old long- 
 standing cases, a dose night and morning is suffi- 
 cient. 
 
 FOOD. As the animal suffers for want of space 
 in the chest, so the distension of the stomach with 
 
34 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 an undue quantity of food tends much to increase 
 the difficulty. Hence the most condensed form of 
 food is best, plenty of oats and little hay, but no 
 chaff, straw, or bloating feed, water in moderate 
 quantities, but never to repletion until the day's 
 work is over. Green food, carrots especially, are 
 always useful. They are readily digested, and are 
 peculiarly beneficial to the respiratory organs. 
 On the contrary, bloating, flatulent, poor feed, will 
 tend to induce, and may even occasion, broken 
 wind. The horse should not be worked soon after 
 a full meal. 
 
 BRONCHITIS. 
 
 From exposure to wet and cold ; sudden changes 
 of weather; turning the horse into a cold, wet 
 place, or bringing him from grass to a warm sta- 
 ble ; standing in a draft of cold air, or washing 
 the warm sweating skin and not drying it after- 
 wards, an inflammation of the bronchial tubes and 
 minute air-cells takes place, meriting the name of 
 Bronchitis. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The disease generally begins with 
 a slight cough, quick breathing, sore throat, low 
 spirits, dislike of food, slight discharge from the 
 nostrils, pain of the throat when pinched, and 
 some difficulty of swallowing. In some cases, it 
 comes on suddenly with shaking ; fhe legs, ears, 
 and muzzle are at one time hot and another cold ; 
 the skin is rough and staring; the head hung 
 down ; mouth hot ; the animal remains standing, 
 and does not wish to move ; pulse is full and 
 quick ; the cough short, frequent and irritating ; 
 the breathing quick and difficult ; the eyes and 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 35 
 
 nose red, and rattles are heard in tlie windpipe at 
 the breast. A profuse discharge of matter from 
 the nostrils indicates the period from which im- 
 provement commences. 
 
 TREATMENT. Give "the Specific for Fever, No. 
 1, and that for Cough, No. 5, five drops alternately 
 every three or four hours. Keep the animal well 
 covered and protected until recovery takes place. 
 After the feverish symptoms have disappeared, 
 the Cough, Specific No. 5, may be relied upon for 
 the perfection of the cure. 
 
 STABLING AND FOOD. In all cases of serious 
 disease of the air-passages, the horse shonld be 
 placed in a large roomy stable or stall, into which 
 the fresh air may freely come, but all damp 
 draughts excluded ; all dung, damp and dirty 
 straw carefully removed ; spread clean straw on 
 the floor ; blanket him accorning to the season, 
 the state of the weather, and skin ; hand-rub and 
 flannel-bandage the legs every night and morning, 
 or oftener if necessary. 
 
 For food, bran mashes, gruel, and aired water 
 only; when recovering, malt or bran mashes, 
 boiled oats, turnips, carrots, and green food, if in 
 season. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX- 
 LARYNGITIS 
 
 The larynx is the upper portion of the wind- 
 pipe, and inflammation of it sometime occurs and 
 is very dangerous. It is not often unmixed, but 
 generally accompanied with, or an extension of 
 cold or bronchitis, and its causes are the same. 
 
36 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 It is sometimes a dangerous disease, and may 
 kill by suffocation or degenerate into bronchitis or 
 pneumonia. It is recognized by the difficulty of 
 respiration, which is loud and heard at a distance. 
 
 The outside of the throat is hot, painful, and 
 swelled; swallowing is sometimes difficult, and 
 the fluid returns by the nose ; the breathing is 
 short and difficult, and when the air is drawn into 
 the lungs, a rough, harsh sound is heard in the 
 larynx ; the cough, at first short and hard, be- 
 comes more hoarse and feeble, and occurs in fits, 
 especially during an attempt to swallow; the 
 pulse is quick, hard and full, and skin hot. As 
 the disease advances, the breathing becomes more 
 difficult, and is attended with a rasping, crowing 
 sound, the neck is straightened and held stiffly, 
 the head raised and larynx drawn towards the 
 breast, the nostrils are widened, the nose lead- 
 colored, the eyes red, skin damp with sweat, the 
 pulse becomes weak and irregular, and at last, 
 from the increasing narrowness of the windpipe, 
 the horse actually dies for want of breath. 
 
 TREATMENT. The treatment is by no means 
 difficult or complicated. Give the Specific No. 1, 
 for Inflammation, five drops every three hours 
 until three or four doses have been given, and 
 then alternate it with the Cough Specific, No. 5, 
 at the same intervals until the animal is relieved. 
 
 Should the windpipe be very sore to the touch 
 outside, it may be occasionally bathed with our 
 liniment with advantage. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND EEMEDIES. 37 
 
 SORE THROAT. 
 
 This form of disease often occurs in connection 
 with, or as a mere symptom of a cold or Bronchitis, 
 and only requires to be treated in connection with 
 those affections. But it sometimes appears as a 
 more isolated disease, and deserves consideration 
 accordingly. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The throat is quite hot, painful, 
 swelled on the outside ; it is painful also internally, 
 as the horse has difficulty in swallowing his food, 
 he " quids " it, that is, partly chews and then 
 drops it; the glands under the jaw and below the 
 ears are swelled, hard and painful, and sometimes 
 maturate ; sometimes in swallowing fluid, it re- 
 turns again by the nose ; saliva drops from the 
 mouth ; as the swelling of the inside the throat 
 and about the top of the windpipe increases, the 
 breathing become more and more difficult, and 
 the animal at times seems nearly suffocated ; and 
 there is always fever. 
 
 TREATMENT. No other medicine will be re- 
 quired internally beyond the Specific for Inflam- 
 mation, No. 1, and a dose of five drops may be 
 given every two or three hours until the disease 
 has manifestly abated, and then at longer inter- 
 vals. Bathing the outside of the throat with our 
 liniment will be of essential advantage, and will 
 expedite the cure. 
 
 NASAL GLEET. 
 
 This is the term applied to an old long stand- 
 ing running at the nose. It arises from a morbid 
 condition of the lining membrane, is often the re- 
 sult of a badly treated or neglected cold, especially 
 
38 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 in old worn-out horses, and is similar to catarrh in 
 the human species. Sometimes a diseased tooth 
 in the upper jaw may give rise to a similar dis- 
 charge, bat this is not a true gleet. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The discharge is yellowish, or like 
 cream, and in some cases greenish. It may be dis- 
 charged in clots, or of some thickness, constantly 
 flowing, or snorted out in quantities ; it may come 
 from both nostrils, but generally only from the 
 left. The glands under the left jaw are often 
 fixed, hard and painful. The membrane of the 
 nose has a lead color. The discharge may stop 
 for a time, and then come on again, more profuse 
 than before. After continuing a long time, the 
 animal becomes thin and poor, and may finally 
 die of glanders. 
 
 TREATMENT. The Specific for Distemper, Na- 
 sal Gleet, No. 3, should be given, a dose of five 
 drops, three times a day. It will be found quite 
 sufficient to entirely control and finally arrest it. 
 
 PLEURISY, PNEUMONIA, PLEURO-PNEU- 
 MONIA, INFLAMMATION OF THE CHEST. 
 
 The pleura is the delicate serous membrane, cov- 
 ering the lungs with one surface, and lining the 
 cavity of the chest with the other. Systematic 
 writers treat of the inflammation of this mem- 
 brane, pleurisy, and that of the substance of the 
 lungs, pneumonia, separately. But as this rarely 
 occurs in fact, and leads to no practical result in 
 the treatment, and indeed can rarely be detected 
 before death, we prefer the more practical course 
 of treating them together. An inflammation of 
 
 1 
 
LIST OP SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 39 
 
 the lungs rarely or never remains so, but event- 
 ually involves the pleura more or less, and so an 
 inflammation of the pleura always involves, more 
 or less extensively, the pulmonary substance. 
 The best name, and more common type of the 
 disease, is Pleuro-Pneumonia. 
 
 CAUSES. Catarrh, influenza, cold or bronchial 
 irritation may either of them terminate in this 
 disease if neglected, or from fresh exposure. A 
 sudden transition from heat to cold ; change from 
 a warm stable to a colder one ; neglect of the 
 usual blanketing, or even of other comforts ; hard 
 and long ridding against a cold wind in snowy 
 weather, loitering in an exposed, bleak place, 
 when the horse is fatigued and warm, without 
 covering. It sometimes occurs when horses are 
 suddenly turned out to grass, or when they have 
 been taken up and turned into a very warm 
 stable. Injuries, contusion, rupture, or great vio- 
 lence done to the chest, is quite sure to be followed 
 by pleurisy or Pleuro-Pneumonia. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. For convenience sake, we will in- 
 dicate the symptoms of these two branches of 
 the disease separately. Pleurisy invariable com- 
 mences with shaking all over, followed by a hot, 
 dry mouth, white-coated tongue, red nose and eyes, 
 low spirits, want of appetite, anxious look, and 
 hard, quick, wiry pulse. The act of drawing the 
 air into the lungs is short, and stops, or is cut off 
 at a certain point, at which time the pain is felt ; 
 the act of forcing the air from the lungs, is full 
 and slow. The pain is increased by coughing and 
 taking a full breath, which the horse will do if 
 suddenly moved or frightened. If the inflamed 
 side is pressed upon, he gives forth a sound like a 
 grunt ; the cough is short ; the horse remains 
 standing ; the skin on the inflamed side is thrown 
 
40 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 into folds, and twitches are occasionally seen at 
 the same place. The painfulness of the spaces 
 between the ribs when pressed upon, is quite 
 characteristic, and often exist to an intense degree. 
 The horse shrinks from it with a low grunt, and 
 tries to get away. The skin about the sides 
 of the nostrils and at the ends of the mouth is 
 wrinkled. The neck is lengthened, and nose 
 thrust forward ; the horse stands in a crouching 
 manner, and seems uneasy, but does not move. 
 As the disease advances, the pulse becomes more 
 frequent, and afterwards smaller, until it can 
 scarcely be felt ; the breathing becomes quicker 
 and more painful and catching, when the air is 
 drawn into the lungs ; then by degrees, no catch 
 is seen or grunt heard, the twitches are not ob- 
 served, cold, clammy sweat breaks out over the 
 body, the horse appears dull and stupid, and death 
 closes the scene. 
 
 The pleura, like all serous membranes, has a 
 strong tendency to effusion during an inflamma- 
 tory action, and in the course of the disease, this 
 effusion, consisting of yellowish serum, is exuded, 
 in quantities varying from a few ounces to a 
 bucket full. It occurs in all severe cases, and the 
 fluid either again is absorbed, if in small quantity, 
 or is the immediate cause of death, if in very 
 large quantity, or a lesser amount may remain for 
 a long time, impeding respiration, and forming an 
 empyema or dropsy of the chest. When it exists, 
 the breathing is "always labored, and there is 
 cedema or tumid swelling of some external part, 
 generally the abdomen, chest, or point of the 
 breast. 
 
 By listening with the ear against the chest, the 
 progress of the effusion may be traced from below 
 upward. Above it, will be heard the loud crack- 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND KBMEDIES. 41 
 
 ling respiration and grating peculiar to the dis- 
 ease ; below the dullness and the stillness of the 
 lung enveloped in fluid, the absence of sound, 
 marks the line of the accumulated fluid, its in- 
 crease and diniunition. 
 
 In Pneumonia, the symptoms differ from pleu- 
 risy, yet the difference manifests itself in this, 
 that in pleurisy there is more pain, and in pneu- 
 monia more difficulty of breathing. Pneumonia 
 is often a consequence of cold, bronchitis, or the 
 termination of some disease of the air-passages, 
 and may be^in with symptoms of a cold rough 
 coat, want of appetite, low spirits, etc. In other 
 cases, it begins with a shivering chill ; the legs, 
 ears and skin are cold ; the coat is rough ; the 
 nose pale and dry; quick pulse, which afterwards 
 becomes frequent and full ; breathing at first 
 quick, then panting and heaving ; the skin now 
 becomes hot, except the legs, which remain very 
 cold. This is a characteristic symptom, and will 
 never deceive; the nose and eyes are red, mouth 
 hot and dry ; the eyes have a yellowish color, and 
 the horse looks uneasy and restless. 
 
 As the disease extends, the breathing becomes 
 more difficult, and is attended with heaving of the 
 flanks ; the nostrils are much widened ; the nose 
 and head held out ; the neck lengthened ; the 
 fore-legs are fixed in one place, and spread apart ; 
 the nose and eyes have a dark bluish color ; the 
 face looks anxious and disturbed ; the legs and 
 ears are very cold; the legs seem fine, and the 
 hair upon them glossy; the cough is more fre- 
 quent, hard, and painful ; the horse seems drowsy; 
 there is no appetite ; the dung is hard and covered 
 with slime, and the urine high colored and scanty. 
 
 In the last stage the pulse is small, weak, and 
 can scarcely be felt ; the breathing is quicker and 
 
42 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 more difficult ; the breath is very hot ; the eyes 
 and nose ar lead colored ; the skin is cold, and 
 clammy sweat breaks out upon it here and there ; 
 the mouth is cold ; the tongue is coated ; the teeth 
 are ground every now and then, and twitches are 
 occasionally seen. The eyes become more and 
 more heavy, glassy and dim ; the strength be- 
 comes less and less ; the horse leans against the 
 stall or manger, or wanders around ; he staggers 
 and falls ; tries to rise, but can not : groans, strug- 
 gles and dies. 
 
 As an improvement takes place, the horse ap- 
 pears more natural, warmth returns to his ex- 
 tremities, his breathing is more free, pulse softer, 
 fuller and less frequent, cough easier, and he lies 
 down quietly, and without uneasiness. These 
 good symptoms rarely or never deceive. 
 
 Placing the ear against the ribs, upon various 
 parts of the chest, we may learn with some prac- 
 tice to distinguish the progress of inflammation. 
 In the healthy lung, the air passes in with a 
 slight rustling murmur, quite characteristic, and 
 which, once heard, will always be recognized. As 
 the lungs become inflamed, "crepitation" takes 
 place, and we hear a sound, slightly crackling, 
 like that made by salt thrown into the fire, or by 
 rubbing the hair between the fingers close to the 
 ear. As, by degrees, the lungs become more in- 
 tensely inflamed, it is more and more impervious 
 to the* air, until it becomes " hepatized " or solid, 
 and makes no sound, and no resonance when pre- 
 cussed or struck upon These changes are inter- 
 esting, and afford to the practiced ear clear indica- 
 tions of the state and progress of the disease. 
 
 PROGNOSIS. Horses may get well in all stages 
 of Pleuro-Pneumonia, except in very extensive 
 hepatization, when, if recovery occurs at all, it 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 43 
 
 will be imperfect. The success has gained im- 
 mensely under Homoeopathic and Specific treat- 
 ment, and hundreds of cases are thus saved, which 
 would be lost under the best directed old school 
 methods, to say nothing of the " hotch-potch " 
 usually employed. 
 
 TREATMENT. Give, the first twenty-four hours, 
 the Specific for Inflammation, No. 1 , a dose of five 
 drops every two hours. After that, give the Spe- 
 cific for Cough and Inflamed Lungs, No. 5, alter- 
 nately with the No. 1, at intervals of two or three 
 hours between the doses. 
 
 Continue this treatment steadily and uniformly, 
 giving no other medicine, and making no devia- 
 tion. After a day or two, the medicines for Fever, 
 No. 1, may be omitted entirely, and only the No. 
 5 given, us also after the disease has turned, and 
 during convalescence. After the horse has com- 
 menced to improve, a dose of the No 5, every four 
 hours during the day, will be sufficient to com- 
 plete the cure. The treatment is the same whether 
 symptoms of Pleurisy or Pneumonia predominate. 
 
 Stabling and food as under bronchitis. 
 
 We should bear in mind that in all severe cases 
 of this disease, resolution does not take place un- 
 der four days, and if an improvement takes place 
 in one, two or three days, we should be satisfied. 
 Rare indeed will be the cases that do not termi- 
 nate favorable under the Specific practice, care- 
 fully applied. 
 
44 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 DISEASES OP THE DIGESTIVE OKGANS, 
 
 DENTITION OR DIFFICULT TEETHING. 
 
 The cutting or shedding of the teeth, and espe- 
 cially of the tushes, is sometimes attended with 
 considerable disorder of the body. The animal 
 either will not eat his food, or he has pain and 
 difficulty in chewing it ; the body grows thin ; 
 bowels are out of order ; humors may break out 
 in the skin, and there may be cough and slight 
 fever present. The gum is hot, painful and 
 swelled. 
 
 TREATMENT. Give the Specific for Fever, No. 1, 
 five drops two or three times per day. This soon 
 relieves the feverish irritation, and the tooth usu- 
 ally makes its way quietly to the surface. Nick- 
 ing the gum directly over the tooth in the form of 
 a cross is sometimes beneficial. If the teeth are 
 very slow in coming, showing an evident defi- 
 ciency of bony deposit, an oyster-shell burned to 
 lime, and broken or ground in his feed, will pro 
 mote the growth and production of bone and be 
 of service. 
 
 DISEASED OR IRREGULAR TEETH. 
 
 Sometimes the teeth of a horse present irregu- 
 larities. Some of the teeth are too long, or be- 
 come ragged. As a consequence, the tongue or 
 cheeks are wounded, and the horse eats imper- 
 
LIST OP SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 45 
 
 fectly, has pain, drops or " quids " his food. When- 
 ever this condition is found, if the difficulty does 
 not mend itself, the long teeth should be extrac- 
 ted if loose, or filed down, and the points of the 
 ragged teeth smoothed off. 
 
 Decayed teeth produce similar symptoms. In 
 addition a bad smell exudes from the mouth ; 
 stringy saliva flows away in large quantities, and 
 the eyes may be inflamed. If allowed to remain, 
 the fang may become diseased, the socket and gum 
 inflame, and abscess form, and a portion of the 
 jawbone die. If in the upper jaw, the matter 
 may burst into the nose and be discharged. It is 
 of bad smell and color and has been mistaken for 
 nasal gleet or glanders. 
 
 TREATMENT. Draw out the diseased tooth, and 
 give the specific for Inflammation, No. 1, and that 
 for Nasal Discharges, No. 3, alternately, morning 
 and night, a dose of lour or five drops. 
 
 LAMP ASS. 
 
 Occasionally the bars of the mouth swell and 
 rise to a level with, and even beyond the teeth, 
 occasioning soreness, pain and difficulty of eating. 
 It is most common in young horses, in connection 
 with the cutting and shedding of teeth, from con- 
 gestion and the extension of the inflammation of 
 the gums during this process. It also occurs in 
 old horses, for the growth of teeth in horses con- 
 tinues during life. Derangement of stomach, or 
 worms, is sometimes connected with it. 
 
 TREATMENT. The Fever Specific, No. 1, may 
 be required two or three times per day ; a dose of 
 five drops. This will soon relieve the irritation 
 
46 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 and swelling. Should there be any derangment of 
 the digestive organs, a dose or two of the Specific 
 for Indigestion, No. 10, will promptly relieve not 
 only the derangement of the stomach, but the 
 Lampass also. 
 
 The searing of the bars with a hot iron, as is 
 sometimes practiced, can not be too strongly con- 
 demned. It tortures the horse to no purpose, ren- 
 ders the mouth callous, and destroys the delicacy 
 and sensibility of a part upon which all the pleas- 
 ure of driving and riding consists. . 
 
 CRIB-BITING. 
 
 Much has been written upon crib-biting. It is 
 generally regarded as a vicious habit, but is, we 
 think, connected more or less intimately with a 
 morbid condition of the digestive organs. The 
 horse stands with his neck bent, lays hold of the 
 manger with his teeth, and violently sucks in 
 wind, and then again with a grunt belches it out. 
 It frequently occurs when eating, and the food 
 and a large amount of saliva is either again 
 thrown into the manger or upon the ground. The 
 habit is very inveterate, and said also to be taken 
 or imitated by one horse from another. Wind- 
 sucking is a variety of the same thing. 
 
 TREATMENT. The Specific for Indigestion, No. 
 10 should be given daily five drops, or morning 
 and night. Omit for a few days, and then go on 
 again, one dose daily. In many cases the disease 
 or habit may be cured entirely in all benefited. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 47 
 
 LOSS OF APPETITE. 
 
 Loss of appetite or diminished appetite is but a 
 mere symptom of some more general affection. It 
 is a symptom of almost every disease, and espe- 
 cially of every morbid condition of the digestive 
 organs. . There are cases, however, in which this 
 seems the most prominent symptom ; the animal 
 appears well in every other respect save that he 
 does not eat. The teeth should be examined, and, 
 if needful, corrected. We should see also if the 
 throat is sore. In general, it will be found con- 
 nected with a morbid or unhealthy condition of 
 the digestive organs, and will yield to a few doses 
 of the Specific for Indigestion, No. 10, five drops 
 morning and night. 
 
 INDIGESTION. 
 
 In consequence of over-feeding, bad food, sud- 
 denly changing the kind of food, working the 
 horse too soon after eating, too much food, or bad 
 and uneven teeth, which prevent the horse from 
 chewing his food well, the following condition pre- 
 sents itself: 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The skin has the condition known 
 as hidebound ; the horse sweats easily ; he is 
 weak, and can not work so long or with so much 
 spirit as in health ; he is thin and does not fatten; 
 his tongue is foul ; mouth slimy ; the dung is dry, 
 mixed with undigested oats, or it is slimy or bad 
 smelling ; the water is variable, scanty and thick, 
 or clear and abundant, and there is a short, fre- 
 
48 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 quent cough. Sometimes he eats very greedily, 
 and at others will eat nothing placed before him, 
 or will take one kind of food and leave another, 
 or he likes dirty straw as his bedding better than 
 the best oats or hay, or, in some instances, his 
 morbid appetite leads him to lick the wall or eat 
 plaster from it. 
 
 TREATMENT. Correct the feeding. Give not 
 too much, and only that most acceptable at first. 
 Give four or five drops of the Specific for Indiges- 
 tion, No. 10, morning and night. Should any 
 roughness of coat remain, a few doses of the Spe- 
 cific for Eruptions, No. 9, will soon correct it. 
 
 STOMACH-STAGGERS. 
 
 The cause of this condition is excessive reple- 
 tion and distention of the stomach with undi- 
 gested food. It occurs also from weakness of the 
 stomach, bad condition, old age, eating too much 
 dry food after long fasting, violent or hard work- 
 ing immediately after a full meal. These causes 
 prevent the digestion and passage of food, and as 
 a result, congestion to the brain and staggers. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. Are similar to those of mad stag- 
 gers at the commencement, and are principally 
 known from each other by the manner in which 
 the disease comes on. The horse is found dull 
 and sleepy ; perhaps still eating slowly and care- 
 lessly ; or he is fast asleep, the head upon the 
 manger, or against the wall, or between his legs ; 
 the breathing is slow and labored ; the pulse 
 slower than in health ; the eyes closed or nearly 
 so; slight convulsions occur; the nose and eyes 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 49 
 
 look yellow ; lie will sometimes paw on the ground, 
 look around to his flanks, or lie down and roll, 
 showing that he is griped and uneasy. All these 
 symptoms become worse by degrees until the ani- 
 mal dies. 
 
 TEEATMENT. Give the Specific for Indigestion, 
 No. 10, every two hours five drops, and continue 
 this treatment until relief. But if the staggers 
 increase or show more tendency to engorgement 
 of the brain, the Specific for Staggers, No. 1, should 
 be alternated with that first mentioned, and the 
 two may be continued in this manner until relief 
 is obtained. If the dung should be dry, scanty, 
 or suppressed, large and frequent injections of 
 teped water will be of graat value. 
 
 COLIC. 
 
 This is one of the most common diseases of the 
 horse. The passage of food along the bowels is 
 effected by the alternate contraction and relax- 
 ation of the muscular coat of the intestines. 
 Hence it is easy to perceive that flatulent or ir- 
 ritating food, food in too large quantities, large 
 quantities of green food that produces much gas, 
 masses of hard, dry dune 1 , or sudden chill upon 
 the warm skin, all may produce irregular contrac- 
 tions of the intestines, and hence produce pain 
 and colic. Tumors, worms, and stones also pro- 
 duce the same result. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. In colic the attack begins suddenly. 
 The animal is uneasy ; he shifts his position, paws 
 or stamps the ground, kicks his belly with his 
 hind feet, looks frequently at his flanks, groans, 
 falls upon the ground and rolls about violently, or 
 
50 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 lies on his back, in which posture he remains for a 
 short time seemingly quiet and free from pain. 
 Soon, however, the pain comes on again, even 
 with symptoms oi greater intensity than before. 
 He throws himself wildly about, careless of the 
 injuries he receives during these moments of agony 
 and tossing. He grinds his teeth, bites the man- 
 ger and looks towards his flank with a wild, anx- 
 ious expression. If he improves, the paroxysms 
 become less frequent and less violent, and free 
 intervals longer, until entire relief: or if worse, 
 the pain becomes more and more intense, par- 
 oxysms more frequent until there is no free inter- 
 val ; inflammation results, the ears and legs be- 
 come cold, pulse small and wiry, and the animal 
 dies from the result of the inflammation. 
 
 Many of the symptoms of colic are similar to 
 those of inflammation of the bowels, and as the 
 latter is by far the most formidable disease, we 
 will endeavor to distinguish them, so as to avoid 
 mistakes. 
 
 The attack of colic is sudden, while that of in- 
 flammation is gradual. In colic, the pulse is 
 rarely quickened and never early in the disease, 
 while in inflammation it is very quick and small. 
 
 In colic, the legs and ears are of the natural 
 temperature. In inflammation they are cold. In 
 colic, there is a relief from rubbing the bowels 
 and from motion. In inflammation the bowels 
 are very tender, and motion vastly augments the 
 pain. In colic there are intervals of rest, while 
 in inflammation there is constant pain. In colic, 
 the strength is scarcely affected, while in inflamma- 
 tion there is great and rapidly increasing weakness. 
 
 Attention to these peculiarities will enable one 
 to distinguish between the two diseases, and to 
 avoid error in the treatment. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 51 
 
 TREATMENT. We have the Specific for Colic, 
 No. 6, a remedy which rarely fails to arrest this 
 disease. Give five drops on the tongue, and repeat 
 the doses every half or even quarter of an hour, 
 until relieved, omitting the medicine altogether, 
 or giving it at longer intervals, as soon as an 
 amendment is perceived. 
 
 If the attack has clearly been occasioned by an 
 overfeed, or by bad, heavy, or indigestible food, it 
 will be best to alternate the Specific for Indigestion, 
 No. 10 with that for Colic, at the intervals directed. 
 
 So, if at the commencement or during the 
 progress of the disease, fever, or inflammatory 
 symptoms should exist, then alternate the Fe er 
 Specific, No. 1, with that for Colic, at the intervals 
 mentioned. 
 
 Should there be a suspicion that Bots or Worms 
 are an exciting cause, the Worm Specific, No. 4, 
 may be alternated with that for colic, five drops 
 every half-hour or hour. 
 
 N. B. In cases of colic, the greatest danger, and 
 the worst possible fault, is injudicious haste in 
 giving too many and improper things. Thousands 
 of horses are killed by the drugs given to cure 
 colic, where one dies of the disease itself. Give 
 only the Specific Remedies, and at the directed 
 intervals, however urgent the case may appear. 
 
 TYMPANITIS, DRUM-BELLY OR WIND-COLIC 
 
 This is merely a form of colic characterized by 
 an enormous production of flatulence. The pain 
 is sharper, the animal more furious and violent 
 than in ordinary colic ; the belly on both sides, is 
 more or less swelled with wind; there are rum- 
 
' 52 LIST OF SPECIFICS AM) REMEDIES. 
 
 I bling noises, and frequent discharge of wind. .It 
 ; is usually the result of eating or gorging with 
 | green, flatulent food. 
 
 TKKATMKNT. Give five drops of the Specific 
 for Colic, No. 6, every half-hour, or even more fre- 
 ; quently, if tin- case i> very urgent. It will soon 
 I be relieved. 
 
 ENTERITIS, INFLAMMATION OF THE BOW- 
 ELS, RED COLIC. 
 
 There are two varieties of this disease, one in 
 which the external coats of the intestines are 
 inflamed, and attended with constipation ; and 
 the other in which there is irritation of the inter- 
 nal mucous surface of the intestines, and attended 
 with purging. 
 
 The most frequent CAUSE, is sudden cold upon 
 a warm perspiring skin, or even cold drink, when 
 very hot; overfed horses, subject to long and 
 severe exercise, are most liable to it ; stones and 
 hard dung in the bowels; and especially colic 
 badly treated, and drugged with all sorts of med- 
 icines, often terminates in Inflammation of the 
 Bowels. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The disease begins, in most cases, 
 with dullness, heavy eyes ; staring coat ; restless- 
 ness and moving about from one place to another ; 
 the pulse and breathing are both quickened ; no 
 appetite. Some cases begin with colic, others 
 with shivering. The animal paws, kicks and 
 rolls about in the most violent manner at first ; 
 often strains and tries to pass water, but either 
 none or only a few drops come away ; the pain is 
 most intense, and does not cease for an instant, 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 53 
 
 and is increased by pressure and moving about ; 
 the belly is hot, tucked up and hard, unless there 
 is wind in the bowels, when it will be more or less 
 swelled ; the bowels are very costive, though 
 small, hard, dry masses may be passed, except in 
 cases where the internal surface or mucous mem- 
 brane, is the seat of disease, in which case small 
 purging or bloody stools are frequently passed ; 
 the legs and ears are intensely cold ; the pulse 
 small and hard; and sweat in the latter stages 
 breaks out all over. Still further on, the pulse 
 becomes smaller and weaker, until it can scarcely 
 be felt ; the breathing is quick, irregular, and 
 attended with sighs; the skin is covered with a 
 cold, clammy sweat ; the eyes seem to have lost 
 their power of seeing, he becomes very weak, and 
 trembles all over ; convulsions come 011 and death 
 soon follows. 
 
 Consider carefully the distinctions between 
 Colic and Inflammation, as given under the arti- 
 cle on Colic. 
 
 TREATMENT As early as possible, give the 
 Specific for Inflammation, No. 1, five drops, and 
 repeat the dose every half hour. After the animal 
 is somewhat relieved, continue the medicine at 
 longer intervals. If not better in two hours, the 
 Specific for Colic, No. 0, may be alternated with 
 that for Inflammation, at the intervals men- 
 tioned. This will be especially indicated if there 
 should be frequent small purging stools, blood- 
 stained or otherwise. After the inflammatory 
 symptoms have subsided, a dose or two of the 
 Specific No. 10 for Ihdiffestiffff, will complete the 
 cure. 
 
 N. B. As constipation exists in inflammation 
 of the bowels, many persons suppose it to be the 
 cause of the disease, and resort to the most des- 
 
 I 
 
54 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 perate means to remove it. This is all wrong. 
 Remove the inflammation, and the bowels will 
 then move of themselves, while the balls and 
 cathartics administered during the inflammation, 
 will only increase the difficulty, and even prevent 
 the possibility of a cure. 
 
 PERITONITIS, INFLAMMATION OF THE 
 PERITENEUM. 
 
 The delicate membrane lining the abdominal 
 cavity, and covering the parts within it, is termed 
 the periteneum, and is occasionally the subject of 
 inflammation. 
 
 It not unfrequently follows the gelding of the 
 horse, especially if he is too soon afterwards 
 turned out to grass, or during cold or wet weather. 
 Exposure to cold, standing in drafts, or drinking 
 cold water, may produce it ; and it follows a stab 
 in the belly, or a rupture of some of the viscera, 
 and the flow of the contents into the abdomen. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. A few days after catting the colt, 
 the yard and sheath will be found swelled and 
 painful ; little or no matter flows from the cut ; 
 the animal is restless and uneasy : the belly is 
 painful when pressed against, and swelled with 
 watery fluid ; the legs are cold ; the bowels 
 bound ; skin is rough and dry : no food is eaten ; if 
 loose, he rests his hind quarters on the side of the 
 stall ; the swelling in the legs, breast and sheath 
 increases ; the breathing becomes quick and pain- 
 ful ; the pulse hard, quick, and by degrees, small 
 and weak. These gradually become worse until 
 the animal dies. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 55 
 
 There is a slow form of this disease, as follows : 
 poor appetite ; low spirits ; uneasiness ; occasional 
 pawing the ground ; looking at the belly and 
 groaning ; belly painful when pressed upon, and 
 tucked up, quick breathing, small, weak pulse, 
 bound bowels, awkward way of walking with the 
 hind-legs, mouth dry and bad smelling, body thin, 
 coat staring and unthrifty, urine scanty, weak- 
 ness. As the disease advances, the abdomen fills 
 with a water fluid, and the disease terminates as 
 dropsy. 
 
 TREATMENT. From the commencement, the 
 Specific for Inflammation, No. 1, is the most im- 
 portant remedy, and may be given, five drops ev- 
 ery half hour or hour, during the more urgent 
 symptoms, and then at longer intervals for the 
 acute form. 
 
 If there should be purging, alternate the Spe- 
 cific for Dysentery, No. C, with that for Inflamma- 
 tion, No. 1, at intervals of an hour, and then less 
 frequently as the disease improves. 
 
 In the slow form of the disease, the alternate 
 use of the Specific for Indigestion, No. 10, and that 
 for Colic, No. 6, three or four times per day, will 
 be found most effectual in preventing a termina- 
 tion in dropsy, and in restoring the animal. 
 
 DIARRHEA, PURGING, SCOURING, LOOSE- 
 
 NESS. 
 
 Green food ; new hay ; worms ; excess of bile ; 
 
 cold air or water ; quick work, after much eating 
 
 or drinking, may produce diarrhea. So does 
 
 | aloes, or other purges, which may even kill a 
 
 horse. 
 
56 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. Frequent and abundant discharges 
 of slime, and dung mixed with slime ; pain in the 
 bowels, causing the horse to paw and stamp, look 
 at his sides, and roll about violently ; his face is 
 anxious , cold sweat breaks out ; his legs and 
 ears are cold ; the pulse becomes small and weak ; 
 the breathing becomes quickened ; body wastes 
 rapidly and alarmingly, and 110 food is taken. 
 Death, at times, occurs from sheer exhaustion. 
 
 TREATMENT. Give the Specific for Diarrhea, 
 No. 6, five drops, three or four times per day. It 
 will generally promptly relieve. In some cases, a 
 dose of the Specific for Indigestion, No. 10, will 
 be of value. 
 
 DYSENTERY AND FLUX. 
 
 Dysentery is most liable to occur in horses in 
 good condition, and is caused by a change of food, 
 and overwork, or sudden exposure to cold and wet. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. There are frequent passages of 
 slimy, bad smelling, fatty matter, like " molten 
 grease," which is more or less mixed or stained 
 with blood. This is passed off with much strain- 
 ing and effort, and with frequent unsuccessful 
 straining or attempts to effect a passage. The 
 mouth is hot and dry, the legs cold, and breath- 
 ing quick, no food is taken, the pulse is small and 
 weak, there is great thirst, and the horse becomes 
 thin and weak. Not unfrequently, in straining, 
 the gut is thrust out of the fundament. 
 
 TREATMENT. Should there be considerable 
 heat and fever, it will be as well, or better, to give 
 a few doses of the Specific for Feter, No. 1, at in- 
 tervals of an hour or two. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 57 
 
 Then give tlie Specific for Dysentery, No. 6, a 
 dose of five drops, every two hours, until relieved. 
 The persevering use of the remedy will cure all 
 cases. 
 
 j JAUNDICE, YELLOWS, DISEASED LIVER. 
 
 Young horses rarely have diseased livers, but at 
 the age of eight or nine years, the disease is more 
 common, and in some cases quite suddenly, the 
 covering of the liver gives way, and symptoms of 
 fatal peritonitis appear. 
 
 SYMPTOMS Jaundice or Yellows, is more fre- 
 quent, and is marked thus. The animal is dull, 
 sleepy, and unwilling to move ; he eats little or 
 nothing ; the coat stares ; the urine is scanty ; the 
 dung dark colored and in lumps. The nose, 
 tongue, eyes and mouth become yellow, from the 
 abundance of the bile in the blood. The dung 
 becomes mixed with bile, and covered with slime ; 
 the urine is very thick, dark colored, and full of 
 bile. The right side is painful when pressed 
 against, and the horse looks towards it ; he may 
 be lame in the right fore-leg, or paw the ground 
 with it. These symptoms may increase, and 
 cough, quick breathing, and full, quick pulse, be 
 added, which afterwards becomes quite weak and 
 slow, and the legs very cold. He then becomes 
 more and more dull, stupid and sleepy, staggers, 
 falls to the ground and dies. 
 
 TREATMENT. Rarely will anything more be re- 
 quired than the Specific for Jaundice, No. 10, of 
 which a dose of five drops may be given, three 
 times per day. 
 
58 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 Should there be heat, fever, or inflammatory 
 symptoms, a few doses of the Fever Specific, No. 
 1, will be proper, not merely for the heat and 
 fever, but for the obstruction of the liver as well. 
 In severe cases, these two remedies may be alter- 
 nated with the most brilliant success. Give five 
 drops every four hours, alternately. 
 
 COSTIVENESS, BOUND BOWELS. 
 
 This is usually a mere symptom of some other 
 disease, upon the removal of which the costive- 
 ness disappears. But, sometimes, in consequence 
 of dry food, deficient action of the liver, want of 
 exercises, or paralytic condition of the digestive 
 organs, it may require attention. 
 
 TREATMENT. The animal should have regular 
 exercise, green food, or bran-mashes night and 
 morning, with but little oats, heating or dry food. 
 Give night and morning, five drops of the Specific 
 for Indigestion, No. 10, and the condition will soon 
 be corrected. 
 
 BOTS AND WORMS. 
 
 Bots, in the horse, like worms in the human 
 system, have usually a great many sins to answer 
 for, which are really chargeable elsew r here. It is 
 a principle in the economy of nature, that one an- 
 imal should feed upon or live within another, and 
 hence every animal, and almost every organ also, 
 has its peculiar parasite of inhabitant. Such par- 
 
LIST' OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 59 
 
 asites are rarely injurious. In an unhealthy con- 
 dition of the system, they may unduly accumu- 
 late, and occasion some inconvenience, but they 
 never feed upon the surface to which they are 
 attached, but only upon the contents of the organs 
 in which they exist. 
 
 The history of the bot, the most formidable of 
 horse parasites, is as follows : Towards the close 
 of autumn, the female gad-fly, (octrus epui,) fixes 
 its eggs upon the hair of the horse's legs, by 
 means of a sticky substance, exuded with the 
 egg. By means of the horses tongue and lips, 
 these eggs are carried to the mouth, and so on 
 down to the stomach, where the eggs farther de- 
 velope in the form of grubs, are attached, by 
 means of their hooks, to the sides of the organ, 
 while their heads remain floating in its fluids, 
 upon which it feeds. Having arrived at maturity, 
 th<-y are separated, pass along the intestines, and 
 are expelled with the dung, after which they 
 again burst the shell, and rise in the summer in 
 the form of the gad-fly. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. Some horses are supposed to suffer 
 much from bots, while others, in the most perfect 
 health, have an abundance of them. Often there 
 are no symptoms to indicate their presence, but 
 
 fenerally, when in great numbers, the horse loses 
 esh and strength, until he becomes a skeleton, 
 and can scarcely move about ; he has turns of 
 griping pains in the belly ; eats and drinks greed- 
 ily ; the oats pass off undigested, and the dung 
 has a bad smell. The only sure criterion of the 
 existence of bots or worms is their presence, 
 hanging about the anus, or mixed with the dung 
 of the animal. 
 
 There are also the long round worm, similar to 
 the common earth-worm, and the small pin-worm, 
 
60 LIST OP SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 half an inch or more in length, which often cause 
 itching and uneasiness at the anus. 
 
 TREATMENT. To eradicate worms or bots from 
 the system, give five drops of the Worm Specific, 
 No. 4, each night and morning, with regular and 
 healthy feed, and the worm symptoms will soon 
 disappear. 
 
 For colic or belly-ache, when supposed to be 
 from bots, give three or five drops of the Specific 
 for Bots, No. 4, alternately with that for Fever, No. 
 1, every half-hour or hour, according to the ur- 
 gency of the case. A few doses will usually re- 
 lieve. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 61 
 
 DISEASES OF THE UKINAKY OBGAffS, 
 
 NEPHRITIS, INFLAMMATION OF THE KID- 
 NEYS. 
 
 The kidneys are not unfrequently tlie subject of 
 inflammation in the horse. It may be induced by 
 powerful or repeated diuretics, such as saltpeter, 
 which is a most dangerous medicine ; or from hard 
 and long riding by a heavy rider, or heavy 
 weights ; or by leaping or being suddenly pulled 
 up on his haunches, the inflammation being prop- 
 agated from the lumbar muscles to the kidneys ; 
 or by exposure to cold and wet, by rain dripping 
 upon his loins during exercise, and especially if 
 these organs have been previously weakened. 
 
 SYMPTOMS-. The early symptoms are those of 
 fever, the yulse full, hard and quickened, 
 and afterwards becomes small and weak ; the 
 horse looks around anxiously athis flanks ; stands 
 with his hind legs wide apart ; is unwilling to lie 
 down ; straddles as he walks ; expresses pain in 
 turning ; the back is somewhat arched ; he shrinks 
 when the loins are pressed upon, and there is 
 some degree of heat felt there. The urine is 
 voided in small quantities ; frequently is high col- 
 ored, and sometimes bloody ; and there is frequent 
 and often violent effort a ad straining, but the dis- 
 charge is very small, sometimes suppressed. 
 
62 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 TREATMENT. Give five drops of the Specific for 
 Inflamed Kidneys, No. 8, and repeat every two 
 hours. 
 
 Should there be a very high fever, great heat, 
 etc, the Specific for Inflammation, No. 1, may be 
 alternated with it, but in general, the first named 
 Specific will be quite sufficient, and should be con- 
 tinued at prolonged intervals to entire recovery. 
 
 CISTITIS, INFLAMMATION OF THE BLAD- 
 DER. 
 
 This disease is usually the result of giving diu- 
 retics, saltpeter, cantharides or similar irritating 
 medicines. It may also be the effect of a cold and 
 exposure, or of a stone in the bladder, and the 
 disease may occupy the neck of the bladder, or the 
 organ itself. The symptoms are similar to those 
 of inflammation of the kidneys ; the horse makes 
 frequent and painful attempts to stale, but passing 
 only a few droys of water at a time. The bladder 
 cannot retain any urine from its excessive irrita- 
 bility, so that the attempt to void it, is constantly 
 going on, The urine may be clear, or mixed with 
 mucous, or stained with blood. 
 
 The Treatment is the same as for inflammation 
 ot the kidneys, the Specific for that disease being 
 given every two hours, or less frequently, accord- 
 ing to the urgency of the case. In some cases, the 
 Specific for Inflammation may be given, but in 
 general, the remedy first mentioned will be found 
 every way efficient* and available. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 63 
 
 HEMATURIA, OR BLOODY URINE. 
 
 This is usually a mere symptom of some other 
 disease. Blows, or a violent strain of the loins ; 
 some kinds of irritating plants ; stones in the 
 kidneys or bladder ; ulceration of the bladder ; 
 Spanish flies given internally, or administered 
 as a blister may either of them produce bloody 
 urine as a symptom. 
 
 The symptoms are : discharge of urine mixed 
 more or less with blood, or containing clots. 
 When the blood is caused by some disease of the 
 kidney, there is usually pain in walking, straddling 
 of the hind legs and an awkward way of walking. 
 If the blood comes from the kidneys, it will be 
 intimately mixed with the urine, but if from the 
 bladder, it will pass off with the last of the urine 
 rather than the first. 
 
 TREATMENT. Five drops of the Specific for 
 L rinary Diseases, No. 8, given every morning and 
 night, will generally promptly relieve. If depend- 
 ent upon organic disease, more time may be re- 
 quired, but the remedy is the same. 
 
 RETENTION OF URINE. 
 
 From holding the urine too long ; cramp or 
 spasm of the neck of the bladder ; stone in the 
 bladder, or other disease which prevents the blad- 
 der contracting upon its contents, there may be 
 retention, and the animal unable to voiding urine. 
 
 The symptoms are similar to those in colic, but 
 characterised, however, by the horse putting him 
 self in the attitude of staling, and straining with 
 
64 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 great force, as in the act of passing water, without 
 any, or very little being discharged. This symp- 
 tom may be present in the case of gripes, the 
 bladder acting in sympathy with the cramped 
 intestine. All doubt may be removed by inserting 
 the hand into the rectum, when the bladder, if 
 full, will be found large, tense and full of water. 
 
 TREATMENT. A few doses of the Specific for 
 Suppressed Urination, No. 8, given at intervals of 
 two or three hours, will not fail to relax the 
 spasm, and afford entire relief. 
 
 When it is the result of a stone in the bladder 
 the movements of the horse may for a time dis- 
 lodge it, but an entire cure will only be effected 
 by an operation, for which a veterinary surgeon 
 must be consulted. 
 
 SCANTY URINE. 
 
 This is a mere symptom of some other disease, 
 fever, inflammation or other morbid condition, or 
 may occur naturally, if there is diarrhea, loose 
 bowels, or purging, and always occurs in warm 
 weather, when a horse is severely worked, from the 
 large quantity of fluid exhaled from the skin and 
 lungs- 
 
 AT few doses of the Specific for Scanty Urination, 
 No. 8, will soon correct the condition, so far as the 
 health of the animal requires. The Specific for 
 Indigestion, No. 10, is likewise efficient. 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 65 
 
 DIURESIS, TOO PROFUSE STALING. 
 
 In consequence of bad food, such as kiln-dried, 
 oats, mow-burnt hay, or of such medicines as 
 nitre or other diuretics, a horse may have an ex- 
 cessive flow of urine. 
 
 The symptoms are then as follows: the horse 
 does not eat much, sweats easily, is soon tired, the 
 bowels are costive, skin dry, and coat rough, 
 tongue white, and there is a great thirst. The 
 water is quite clear and milky, passed often, and 
 in large quantities. As the disease advances, the 
 horse eats nothing, he gets thinner and weaker 
 every day, the dung is hard, lumpy, and covered 
 with sliuie, the hair stands on end, and the flow 
 of urine becomes enormous. If not cured, death 
 soon ensues. 
 
 TREATMENT. The food must be changed, and 
 none but the best given. Change of food is 
 always of service under such circumstances. 
 
 Give five drops of the Specific No. 10, for Indi- 
 gestion, five times per day. This will usually be 
 efficient ; if it fails, you may try Phosphoric Acid, 
 third attenuation, the same dose, three times per 
 day. 
 
66 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE PEET AND LEGS, 
 
 FOUNDER LAMINITIS, INFLAMMATION OF 
 THE FEET. 
 
 This is one of the most frequent diseases of the 
 horse, and one in which the resources of the Ho- 
 moeopathic art are very efficient. The sensible 
 lamina or fleshy plates on the front and sides of 
 the coffin-bone, are, like all other vascular struc- 
 tures, very liable to inflammation, particularly 
 from violence or long-continued action of the part. 
 Hence, standing long in one position, as in voy- 
 ages ; battering or bruising the feet, in severe or 
 long journeys; sudden changes from heat to cold, 
 or from cold to heat, acting directly on the feet ; 
 standing in snow or cold water after a journey ; 
 are among the more common causes of this 
 diseases. It sometimes occurs as a mere transition 
 of disease trom some other part, and very fre- 
 quently from excess of food, or indigestible food, or 
 food when heated. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The disease generally begins with 
 a shivering, shaking chill ; the flanks heave ; the 
 breathing becomes quick and labored ; the pulse 
 full and frequent ; the horse shitts his feet from 
 one place to another, lies down and rises fre- 
 quently, but does not paw the ground nor kick 
 his belly ; he will sometimes place his lips on the 
 fevered feet, as if to tell where his pain is ; he 
 
LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 67 
 
 places bis hind legs under him, as if to take the 
 weight of his body from the fore-feet ; he moans 
 or groans from tbe severity of the pain, and at 
 lasu lies down, unable to stand upon the inHamed 
 feet. The feet are intensely hot and painful. If 
 one foot is taken 1143, he can scarcely stand upon 
 the other, and may tumble down. He does not 
 like to get up from the ground, and is moved with 
 difficulty from one place to another. Jf the dis- 
 ease is not arrested, matter may form inside the 
 hoof, which is then thrown off. 
 
 The disease may exist in a more chronic form, 
 coming on by degrees, and eventually resulting in 
 the ruin of the horse. 
 
 It is more common to see it in a milder form 
 then the first mentioned, presenting the following 
 symptoms: the horse is feverish, out of spirits, 
 refuses to eat, can not raise his limbs without 
 evincing pain, trails his feet along with difficulty, 
 can not readily be made to go forward, or back- 
 ward scarcely at all. In the stable, horses bring 
 the four feet together, and there is no little diffi- 
 culty in making them relinquish this attitude. 
 
 TREATMENT. In the more severe cases, the 
 shoes should be removed from the feet, and the 
 hoof pared down, until the horn yields to the 
 pressure of the thumb. Give the horse rest, and 
 allow him to lie ; wrap the hoofs in cloths soaked 
 in water, and renew them from time to time. If 
 the disease is from the feet having been battered, 
 bathing them with Our Liniment will be of great 
 value. In some cases a cold poultice, made of 
 mashed turnips or corrots, is of excellent service. 
 
 The remedy for all forms of this disease, is the 
 Specific for Founder, No. 2, of which a dose of 
 five drops may be given every three or four 
 hours, in acute cases, with the best possible ef- 
 
68 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 feet. Should there be quite high fever, the horse 
 down, or scarcely able to move, the Specific for 
 Fever, No. 1, may be alternated with that for 
 Founder,, No. 2, as often as every two hours, and 
 after the force of the disease has abated, the Spe- 
 cific No. 2 may be continued alone at increasing 
 intervals, until entire restoration. 
 
 When the disease is clearly traceable to over- 
 feeding, the Specific for Founder, No. 2, and that 
 for Indigestion, No. 10, may be alternated from 
 the first, every three or four hours. 
 
 In case of chronic Founder, the Specific for 
 Founder, No. 2, should be given, a dose of five 
 drops each morning and night, and the treatment 
 continued for some time. An occasional dose of 
 the Specific for Indigestion, No. 10, will be useful 
 as a constitutional intercurrent remedy. 
 
 NAVICULAR JOINT DISEASE. 
 
 This disease is far more frequent than is usu- 
 ally supposed, and many horses are ruined by it, 
 the lameness being generally referred to the 
 shoulder or some other part not at all in fault. 
 
 Behind and beneath the lower pastern-bone in 
 the heel of the horse, and behind and above the 
 heel of the coffin-bone, is a small bone called the 
 navicular, or shuttle-bone. It is so placed as to 
 strengthen the union between the lower pastern 
 and coffin-bone, and to enable the flexor tendon, 
 which passes over it, to be inserted into the bot 
 torn of the coffin-bone, to act with more advan- 
 tage. It thus forms a kind of joint with that ten- 
 
LIST OP SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 69 
 
 don. There is a great deal of weight thrown on 
 this bone and from this navicular bone on the ten- 
 don, and there is considerable motion or play be- 
 tween them in the bending and extension of the 
 pasterns. 
 
 It is easy to conceive, that from sudden concus- 
 sion or from rapid and over-strained motion, and 
 at a time \ihen, from rest and relaxation, the 
 parts have not adapted themselves to the violent 
 motion required, there may be excessive play be- 
 tween the bone and tendon, and the delicate mem- 
 brane which covers the bone or the cartilage of 
 the bone, may become bruised and inflamed and 
 destroyed ; and that all the painful effects of an 
 inflamed and open joint may result, snd the horse 
 be incurably lame. Numerous desections have 
 shown that this joint thus formed by the tendon 
 and bone, has been the frequent and almost inva- 
 riable seat of these obscure lamenessess. The 
 membrane covering the cartilage becomes in- 
 flamed and ulcerated ; the cartilage itself is ulcer- 
 ated and eaten away, the bone has become cari- 
 ous, and bony adhesions have taken place between 
 the navicular and pastern and coffin-bones, and 
 this part of the foot has become completely dis- 
 organized and useless. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. The degree of lameness is various ; 
 the horse may show lameness the first hundred 
 steps, or the first mile or two, and then less or 
 scarcely at all ; he is inclined to " point " or keep 
 the affected foot in advance of the other when 
 standing ; he may show lameness on stone or 
 pavement and not on turf or ground ; if both feet 
 are badly affected, the horse favors his heels, has 
 short action, and wears away the toes of his shoes, 
 leaving the heels undiminished in thickness ; the 
 hind-feet may be kept well under him to diminish 
 
70 LIST OF SPECIFICS AND REMEDIES. 
 
 the pressure upon the fore-feet ; in the stable, lie 
 is mostly lying down ; heat of the foot and heel, 
 especially the heel. 
 
 TREATMENT. In the earlier stages when there 
 exists only irritation and inflammation, and no 
 changes of structure or disorganization have vet 
 occurred, the Specific for Spacin, No. 2, together 
 wit i cold fomenta'ions kept to the foot, will be 
 found sufficient. Give a dose of five drops three 
 or four times per day. 
 
 In the more extreme or advanced cases, the sole 
 should be pared down and the quarters rasped, 
 and shoe worn without nails on the inner quarter, 
 to unbind as far as possible, the imprisoned bone, 
 and the foot kept in a bran poultice until the heat 
 is allayed, then substitute this for the cold fomen- 
 tation, keeping up the use of the Specific medi. 
 cine, No. 2, as above indicated. These will be 
 successful in all common cases. 
 
In securing constant and imperceptible atmos- 
 pheric currents, so that the air in a stable never 
 can become too highly charged with impurities, 
 the simplest system must be regarded as the best. 
 
 The usual source for the egress and ingress of 
 air should be so disposed as to preclude the possi- 
 bility of being closed by wisps of hay and straw, 
 cloths, or boards, which are so often placed in win- 
 ter against every perceptible opening into a stable. 
 
 Wide unprotected ventilating openings are ob- 
 jectionable, except so high above a horse as to pre- 
 vent direct draughts ; and even then they are often 
 objectionable, if so free as to interfere with regu- 
 lating the temperature of a stable. The theory 
 of admitting air by holes near the floor, and per- 
 mitting an escape near the ceiling, is plausible, 
 but in practice \ve find such air holes always to 
 favor draughts, and especially against the tender 
 skin of the horse's heels. 
 
 Ventilating shafts, and a variety of systems to 
 produce air-currents through tubes in the ceiling, 
 fail, as a rule, in securing the desired object. We 
 have insisted on this point for a long time, and 
 have . recently been supported in our views by a 
 report on the ventilation of cavalry stables. The 
 commissioners state " When the shafts are pro- 
 perly made, the action of the law of difference of 
 temperature, occasions a more or less constant 
 
72 STABLE VENTILATION. 
 
 movement upwards, to compensate which, fresli 
 air enters the stable, and so the amount of stag- 
 nant air is diminished. We have examined a 
 number of. stables in which these shafts have 
 been introduced. The state of the air we found to 
 be better in some than in others, and much better, 
 no doubt, in all than it would have been in the 
 absence of the shafts ; but the results generally 
 show that dt is a mistake to construct stables on 
 a plan which renders such shafts necessary. There 
 is, no doubt, an additional movement of the air 
 effected by them, but it is questionable whether 
 any particular size of shaft would ventilate such 
 stables sufficiently." 
 
 The recommendations we have to make are : 
 
 First. That every stable should be constructed 
 to afford about 1500 cubic feet of space for each 
 horse. 
 
 Second. That in stables with lofts and apart- 
 ments above them there should be, at a distance 
 of six inches from the roof, sufficient openings, 
 protected by wire gauze or perforated zinc, to 
 insure free communication between the internal 
 and external air. 
 
 Third. In the absence of special openings, the 
 windows may be made available for ventilating 
 purposes by substituting wire gauze or perforated 
 zinc for glass, and precluding the possibility of the 
 apertures being blocked up. 
 
 Fourth. In stables without appartments or lofts 
 above, the plan suggested by the commission 
 appointed to report on ventilation of cavalry sta- 
 bles, may be adopted, viz. r ventilating by a 
 louvre, 16 inches wide, carried from end to end 
 of the roof, affording about 4 square feet of venti- 
 lating outlet for each horse. 
 
STABLE TEMPERATURE. 73 
 
 Fifth. Swing windows may be provided, 3 feet 
 3 inches high, by 2 feet 6 inches wide, but they 
 are not to be depended upon for regular ventilating 
 purposes. 
 
 Sixth. There are two important suggestions 
 made in the report above quoted, which refers to 
 the ready removal of excreta contaminating the 
 atmosphere. The first is, that impervious paving 
 be used ; and the second, that all drainage within 
 the stable, be carried away, in shallow impervious 
 open drains, by a rapid slope, to the outside of the 
 stable. Covered drains and cess-pits within sta- 
 bles, or near the stable walls, to be discontinued. 
 
 STABLE TEMPERATURE. 
 
 The question of temperature should never be 
 confounded with ventilation. Fresh air is essen- 
 tial to animal heat. Horses confined in a hot sta- 
 ble, without sufficient air to breath, have staring 
 coats, and suffer cold. Adequate warmth is essen- 
 tial to health ; to secure it we must have an absence 
 of cold draughts of air, and stables should be of 
 moderate; size, so tlfat the heat within them may 
 be regulated. Remove a horse from the fields, 
 where he can move about to keep up an active 
 circulation and a proper bodily temperature, and it 
 is essential to regulate the heat of the stable in 
 which he is placed. At all events, if it is found 
 difficult to regulate the warmth of the stable, 
 horses must be protected by adequate clothing. 
 
 The proper temperature* for a stable, is about 
 50 Fahr. 
 
MILK FEVER, OR 
 
 The above disease is of frequent occurrence, 
 and generally attacks the best and fattest cows. 
 It is attended with great fatality, which induces 
 many farmers to slaughter the animal affected as 
 soon as the disease appears, rather than run the 
 risk of losing money by a depreciation of her 
 value. The old method of treatment, viz., bleed- 
 ing and giving large doses of purging medicines, 
 is of very little use, and often er fails than cures. 
 Almost every farmer can tell of cows that have 
 dropped after calving, but he will remember only 
 a few that have risen after such treatment. Vet- 
 erinary surgeons who practice this useless method 
 of treatment can also speak of the unmanagea- 
 ble nature of the complaint. Thus, Mr. Cart- 
 wright, of Whitchurch, Shropshire, says, in the 
 3rd volume of the Veterinarian, page 451, " Al- 
 though I have seen at least a hundred cases, 
 chiefly in this town, during the last twenty-five 
 years, yet I am almost ashamed to confess that I 
 cannot recall to recollection that I have ever cured 
 a single case ; nor have I ever heard of a case be- 
 ing cured by any of the quacks in the neighbor- 
 hood." 
 
MILK FEVER. 75 
 
 Mr. Wardle, of East Sheen, says, in the abstract 
 of the Proceedings of the Veterinary Medical As- 
 sociation for 1841, page 155, "Unfortunately the 
 majority of cases that have come under my notice 
 have proved fatal." 
 
 Mr. Mayer, jr., of Newcastle-nnder-Lyne, says, 
 at page 160 of the same volume, " It is very fatal, 
 aiv.l in some districts, considered so incurable that 
 the animal when taken is generally destroyed." 
 
 Mr. Simonds, professor at the London Veteri- 
 nary College, says, in the same volume, page 160, 
 " It seemed to be the very acme of all the ills 
 with which the lower animals were affected, bid- 
 ding defiance to all varieties of treatment adopted, 
 and terminating almost always in death." 
 
 From the above testimony, then, the extreme 
 fatality of the disease, when treated in accord- 
 ance with the old system, is admitted without any 
 hesitation. The two parties best qualified to 
 know, viz., veterinary surgeons of the old school 
 who vise the remedies, and farmers who lose their 
 cows, can bear witness to the inefficiency of the 
 ordinary treatment. 
 
 Causes. There are certain circumstances which 
 exercise a peculiar influence upon the body, and 
 make the cow more liable to take this disease 
 than she would otherwise be. These are called 
 the predisposing causes. Thus fat stall-fed cows, 
 which give a large supply of milk, are apter to 
 take milk-fever than poor cows ; cows are more 
 liable to drop after calving at the fourth, fifth 
 and six periods, the latter being the time when 
 the disease is the most severe and dangerous ; one 
 attack leaves a liability to have another ; the com- 
 plaint is most common in the summer and the 
 fall, when the weather is variable, etc., 
 
76 MILK FEVER. 
 
 The exciting causes, or those to which the com- 
 plaint is more immediately traceable, are the 
 following : Exposure to cold or wet ; driving the 
 cow a long journey ; giving too much or too rich 
 food after calving, etc., 
 
 Symptoms. Milk fever begins shortly after calv- 
 ing, and in the majority of cases, within twenty- 
 four hours ; if three or four days pass over, the 
 cow may be considered safe from an attack. The 
 following are the symptoms : The cow refuses her 
 food, or eats only very little of it ; she is de- 
 pressed, hangs her head, and looks dull ; the horns 
 are hot ; the nose, instead of being damp with the 
 healthy dew, is hot and dry ; the urine is scanty ; 
 the bowels are confined, or, if moved, the dung 
 is hard and lumpy ; the pulse is quicker and fuller 
 than in health ; the breathing is quickened, and 
 attended with heaving at the flanks. To these 
 warning indications there succeed, with more 
 or less rapidity, those unmistakeable symptoms 
 which are perhaps the first to awaken the owner's 
 attention. The milk is reduced in quantity or en- 
 tirely stopped ; the eyes glisten, and look bright 
 and staring ; the white of the eye is covered with 
 numerous red streaks, or it is of a leaden color ; 
 the eyeballs are thrust forward from their sockets, 
 giving the cow a wild and somewhat anxious 
 expression ; the hind legs seem weak, and are 
 separated a little from each other ; she appears to 
 stand uneasily upon them, first rests upon one for 
 a short time and then changes to the other ; this 
 paddling and shifting about from one leg to its 
 fellow continues until the difficulty of standing 
 increases,, and the animal supports herself against 
 the wall or stall ; she does not chew the cud ; all 
 discharge from the bearing is stopped ; the calf is 
 neglected; the pulse is now slower than before, 
 
MILK FEVER. 77 
 
 and the breathing more difficult ; the udder is 
 hard and swelled, and little or no milk can be 
 withdrawn from it. Gradually becoming worse, 
 the weakness in the hind legs increases to so 
 great an extent that they can no longer support 
 her ; she staggers and sways about, falling, at 
 length, heavily upon the ground ; she tries to rise 
 again, and may or may not succeed ; in either 
 case, she soon loses all power of getting up, and 
 remains upon the ground in a helpless state. In 
 this stage of the complaint the symptoms vary in 
 different cases. In some cases they are the cow 
 tosses her head about] from one place to another, 
 writhes her body, lashes her tail, struggles, 
 stretches out her hind legs, moans, bellows, and 
 appears, from the expression of her face and gen- 
 eral behavior, to suffer great pain. At the same 
 time the breathing is difficult and labored ; the 
 skin covered with clammy sweat ; the paunch 
 enormously swollen, owing to the stomach having 
 entirely or partially, lost the power of dissolving 
 the food, which now undergoes the ordinary chem- 
 ical changes, attended with the giving off of gas. 
 . Unless the swelling, which arises from the 
 presence of this gas, subside, the breathing be- 
 comes more and more difficult and labored, so that 
 the animal can scarcely take her breath ; the 
 pulse becomes oppressed, and can scarcely be 
 counted at the jaw ; the legs become very cold ; 
 more severe pain is felt ; wind, having a bad 
 smell, rises up from the stomach, and death en- 
 sues. 
 
 In other cases, again, these symptoms are alto- 
 gether absent, or exist only in a slight Degree ; 
 the more prominent ones being these the cow 
 lies stretched out full length upon her side, or her 
 head is brought to the opposite side, with the 
 
78 MILK FEVER. 
 
 nose towards the udder, and the cliin resting upon 
 the ground ; or the head is twisted directly back- 
 ward with the nose held out, and the horns 
 turned upon the shoulder in a most awkward 
 manner. The eves look dim and glassy ; upon 
 placing a light near them, the cow takes no notice 
 of it, and does not move or shut the eyelids, for 
 the power of seeing is lost ; the pupil is widened, 
 in some cases almost round, and does not become 
 narrower when light is held before the eye, as it 
 does in the healthy state ; the ears hang down ; 
 the mouth is partly open ; and when the head is 
 raised, the lower jaw drops down ; the cow has 
 not the power of keeping the head up when you 
 raise it from the ground ; the ability to swallow 
 is nearly or quite one ; she has lost the sense of 
 feeling; the breathing is still difficult and at- 
 tended with rattling in the throat ; the pulse is 
 weak, slow r sometimes stops beating for a moment 
 or two and then goes on again, and in some cases, 
 can scarcely be felt at all; the horns, legs and* 
 surface of the body generally, are cold and chilly ; 
 the swelling of the belly increases; the udder *is 
 much swelled, hard, and sometimes red on the 
 outside; in some cases neither dung nor urine is 
 discharged. All these syni; turns become worse 
 and worse ; and if it resist all treatment, death 
 ensues, generally within two days after the attack, 
 and in some cases within a few hours. 
 
 TREATMENT. The symptoms of this disease 
 appear so suddenly, and run so quick a course, 
 that the cow, Mbotit the calving time, should be 
 narrowly watched, both night and day, in order 
 that notime may be lost in opposing the com- 
 plaint at its onset by the proper remedi; s. The 
 delay of even a few hours may se'tle the questi'-n 
 of the cow's recovery ; the disease is then fully 
 
MILK FEVER. 79 
 
 developed and death may ensue before the medi- 
 cines have had a chance of acting. But even in the 
 advanced stages, the disease may be subdued. The 
 author has had many cases of recovery, where the 
 butcher was in attendance several hours to slaugh- 
 ter the animal, when at the point of death. Still 
 the cow is much more likely to rally, if the disease 
 be combated as soon as it begins. It therefore 
 behooves every farmer to be prepared, and at once 
 to give the medicines when the complaint declares 
 itself. The remedy is Specific No. 1, to be given 
 every half hour, until four doses are given, then 
 once in two hours. 
 
 Attention to the following directions will enable 
 every cow-owner to decide which of those medi- 
 cines is th? most suitable to give in any case of 
 this disease. He must first find out the symp- 
 toms or sufferings of the cow, that is to say, he - 
 is to inquire as to the pulse, breathing, milk' 
 ch?wing of the cud, and general condition of the 
 animal. 
 
 In the first place, then, supposing the following 
 symptoms to be present: Refusal of food ; dull- 
 ness and depression ; hot horns ; dry, hot nose ; 
 scanty urine; confined bowels; quick, full pulse; 
 hurried, heaving breathing; wild, staring eye; 
 stoppage of the milk ; wild and anxious expres- 
 sion of countenance ; paddling and shifting of the 
 hind legs ; eyeballs thrust out ; tossing about of 
 the head ; struggling and uneasiness of the whole 
 body. For these indications of the disease the 
 best and most successful remedies are Specifics 
 No. 1 and No. 10. The author believes that if 
 they were given as soon as the disease becomes 
 manifest, almost every cow would recover. 
 
 DIRECTIONS .Give them in ten drop doses, not 
 both together, but in turns, thus: ten drops of 
 
80 MILK FEVER. 
 
 No. 1 in a wine-glassful of water to begin with ; 
 then, in one, two, or three hours after, give ten 
 drops of No. 10 in a wine-glassful of water ; then, 
 after from one to three hours, give No. 1 again as 
 before ; then, after the same., length of time, an- 
 other dose of No. 10, and so on as long as neces- 
 essary. 
 
 In the second place, if the disease advances and 
 the symptoms are these : enormous swelling of 
 the paunch ; frequent, difficult and labored breath- 
 ing ; gurgling and rattling in the throat ; slow, 
 weak, oppressed pulse ; cold clammy skin ; ex- 
 treme coldness of the legs ; lashing of the tail, 
 tossing about of the head and writhing of the 
 body, showing that severe pain is felt. Then 
 give Specific No. 6. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. Give ten drops in a wine-glass 
 full of water, every fifteen or twenty minutes, until 
 the swelling goes down. 
 
 In the third place, if the symptoms just given 
 remain, and the last medicine has had the effect 
 of lessening the swelling ; if, further, the cow is 
 in the sleepy stage, and presenting the following- 
 condition : insensibility to pain; loss of power of 
 seeing, of swallowing, etc.; glassy state of eyes ; 
 open mouth ; inability to hold up the head when 
 it is raised ; general coldness of the body, etc., 
 then give Specific No. 3. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. Give ten drops every fifteen, 
 twenty, thirty, or sixty minutes, according to the 
 violence of the symptoms, until improvement sets 
 in ; then lengthen the time between the doses to 
 two, three, or four hours. 
 
 In the fourth place, if the cow has recovered 
 from all the more urgent symptoms ; if all traces 
 of fever and of the sleepy stage have yielded to 
 the foregoing remedies, but the animal still lies 
 
MILK FEVER. 81 
 
 on the ground, and is unable to rise up, except 
 perhaps upon her fore legs. Then give Specific 
 No. 10. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. Give ten drops in a wine-glass 
 ful of water, every four hours, until the cow is 
 well. 
 
 In the fifth place, if in the first stage, the eyes 
 are not bright, staring, and thrust from their 
 sockets ; if the udder is soft and flabby ; in short, 
 if the list of symptoms show that the head is not 
 much affected as yet, give Specific No. 7. 
 
 DIRECTIONS. Give ten drops in a wine-glass 
 ful of water, every one, two, or three hours, ac- 
 cording to the urgency of the symptoms. 
 
 ,RARY 
 
 2RSITY Olj 
 
 OA1.IFOUNLA.J 
 
AN ESSAY, 
 
 The word condition is used by horsemen in a 
 different sense from that in which it is understood 
 as applied to cattle by the mass of farmers. By 
 condition, the farmer often means a high state of 
 fatness ; the horseman, on the contrary, makes use 
 of the word to indicate the greatest health and 
 strength produced by reducing all the superfluous 
 fat, bringing the mere flesh into clean, hard and 
 powerful muscle, and invigorating the lungs and 
 other internal organs, so that they may promptly 
 discharge their respective functions, and suffer no 
 damage from uncommon stress the whole in order 
 to the animal's performing labors and sustaining 
 a continuance of action, to which he would not be 
 adequate without such special preparation. 
 
 By the Condition of a Stallion is meant the 
 state of the system in which the male horse should 
 be kept, in order to derive from him the greatest 
 excellence in the progeny. 
 
 Too many persons are content to breed their 
 mares to a horse whose figure suits them, without 
 regard to his condition The mention of one 
 prominent instance alone will be sufficient to 
 show that good condition is essential to the pro- 
 duction of a valuable progeny. A remarkable 
 
ESSAY ON THE STALLIOX. 83 
 
 case occurred in England some years since, in so 
 high a quarter as to attract public attention, and 
 consequently the fact of the account's obtaining 
 currency, without contradiction, is a fair evidence 
 of its correctness. The Prince of Wales, who 
 afterwards became George the Fourth, owned, and 
 was in the habit of riding as a hunter, an entire 
 horse et unequalled excellence. In consequence 
 of his horse's superior qualities, His Royal High- 
 ness caused a few of his own mares to be bred to 
 him in the spring, after he had been kept in the 
 highest condition as a hunter throughout the 
 winter, and the produce, on growing up, proved 
 every way worthy of their sire. When his Royal 
 Highness, as Prince Regent, became seriously 
 engaged in the cares of Government, and there- 
 fore relinquished the pleasures of the chase, being 
 desirous to perpetuate the fine qualities of this 
 stock, he ordered the horse to be kept at Windsor 
 for public covering, provided the mares should be of 
 the first quality ;"and in order to insure a sufficient 
 number of these, directed the head groom to keep 
 him exclusively for such, and to make no charge, 
 with the exception of the customary groom 's-fee 
 of half a guinea each. The groom, anxious to 
 pocket as many half guineas as possible, published 
 His Royal Highness' liberality, and vaunted the 
 qualities of the horse, in order to persuade all he 
 could to avail themselves of the benefit. The 
 result was, that the horse being kept without his 
 accustomed exercise, and in a state of repletion, 
 and serving upwards of a hundred mares yearly 
 that the stock, although tolerably promising in 
 their early age, shot up into lank, weakly, awk- 
 ward, leggy, good-for-nothing creatures, to the 
 entire ruin of the horse's character as a sire until 
 some gentlemen, aware of the cause, took pains to 
 
84 ESSAY ON THE STALLION. 
 
 explain it, proving the correctness of their state- 
 ments by reference to the first of the horse's get, 
 produced under a proper system of breeding, and 
 which were then in their prime, and among the 
 best horses in England. 
 
 Almost every observing farmer in this country 
 has remarked 'that whenever, within his knowl- 
 edge, an ordinary work-horse has, by chance cov- 
 ered a tolerably good mare, the foal thus produced 
 has, at maturity, almost invariably become a bet- 
 ter animal than it was expected to be, and in 
 many cases proved quite superior to the get of the 
 high-priced and highly pampered stallions of the 
 neighborhood. What was the cause of this? 
 Condition. The work-horse, by constant and 
 severe exercise, was brought into health and 
 strength, and his stock partook of the state of his 
 system at the time of copulation. Why is it that 
 many experienced farmers, after having tried the 
 best stallion within their knowledge, frequently 
 resort to the keeping of one of their own colts or 
 farm-horses entire, for the service of their mares, 
 and actually obtain as large and as good and sale- 
 able stock from such a one, as that from the pub- 
 lic stallions of far superior size, form, blood, and 
 all other qualities, except this indispensable con- 
 dition f 
 
 It may be stated that, generally, whenever the 
 get of a stallion has proved, at maturity to be of 
 remarkable excellence comparatively with the 
 sire, such horse has been, at and previously to the 
 time of getting such valuable stock, kept without 
 pampering, without excessive sexual service, and 
 with a good share of exercise or labor. 
 
 To show the effect of a peculiar state of the sys- 
 tem in the parents at the time of the cop- 
 ulation, instances may be cited from various 
 
ESSAY ON THE STALLION. 85 
 
 sources. We will content ourselves with two 
 and first take a lamentable case in the human 
 species as given in the valuable work on the 
 " Constitution of Man," by George Combe : 
 
 "In the summer of 1827, the practitioner alluded 
 to, was called upon to visit professionally a young 
 woman in the immediate neighborhood, who was 
 safely delivered of a male child. As the parties 
 appeared to be respectable, he made some inquiries 
 regarding the absence of the child's father, when 
 the old women told him that her daughter was 
 still unmarried ; that the child's father belonged 
 to a regiment in Ireland ; that last autumn he had 
 obtained leave of absence to visit his friends in 
 this part of the country, and that, on the eve of 
 his departure to join his regiment, an entertain- 
 ment was given, at which her daughter attended. 
 During the whole evening she and the soldier had 
 danced and sung together; when heated by the 
 toddy and the dance, they left the cottage, and 
 after the lapse of an hour, were found together in 
 the glen, in a state of utter insensibility, from the 
 effects of their former festivity ; and the conse- 
 quence of this interview was the birth of an idiot. 
 He is now nearly six years of age, and his mother 
 does not believe that he is able to recognize either 
 herself or any other individual. He is quite 
 incapable of making signs whereby his wants can 
 be made known, with this exception, that when 
 hungry he gives a wild shriek. This is a case 
 upon which it would be painful to dwell, and I shall 
 only remark that the parents are both intelligent, 
 and that th $ fatal result cannot otherwise be 
 accounted for than by the almost total prostration 
 or eclipse ot the intellect of both parties from 
 intoxication." 
 
86 ESSAY ON THE STALLION. 
 
 For another instance of a peculiar constitution 
 derived from a parent at the time of copulation, 
 and owing to a temporary excitement of the ani- 
 mal, a respectable farmer, related to the writer of 
 this essay that he witnessed the effect of pain and 
 nervous agitation on a stallion, just before the 
 moment of covering, in the production of a wild, 
 timid, violent and worthless colt. The sire was in 
 repute as one of the best horses ever kept in the 
 district ; and his stock afterward justified the 
 opinion. The groom became angry and beat him 
 in his stall in a cruel manner, and then led him 
 out and allowed him to cover the mare, which was 
 one of a perfectly quiet and orderly temper. The 
 consequence w r as the production of an animal 
 totally valueless, as above mentioned. 
 
 That the doctrine here held is no "now thing under 
 the sun," is evident from many venerated authors. 
 Plutarch says, " Tiie advice which I am now about 
 to give, is indeed no other than what hath been 
 given by those who have undertaken this argu- 
 ment before me. You will ask me what is that ? 
 'Tis this, that no man keep company with his 
 wife for issue sake, but when he is sober as not 
 having before either drunk any wine, or, at least, 
 not to such a quantity as to distemper him ; for 
 they usually prove wine-bibbers and drunkards, 
 whose parents begot them when they were drunk ; 
 wherefore Diogenes said to a stripling somewhat 
 crack-brained and half-witted, ' Surely, young man, 
 thy father begot the when he*was> drunk ? ' " 
 
 Shakspeare intimates the same belief in making 
 a hero insult his enemy with the taunt, 
 " For ye were got in fear." 
 
 On no other known principle than this condition, 
 or a peculiar state of the system at and before the 
 time of copulation, can be explained the important 
 
ESSAY ON THE STALLION. 87 
 
 fact which forms at once a criterion of skill in the 
 scientific breeder, and a stumbling-block to the 
 ignorant and unreasonable one, who would expect 
 success without giving himself the trouble of inves- 
 tigating the natural laws which govern the subject 
 of his operations : such a person is too apt to argue 
 within himself, that because the same parents at 
 different times produce offspring of opposite char- 
 acteristics, there can be no certain rules by which 
 to create determinate qualities in the progeny : 
 such a one would maintain that, because all the 
 children of one married couple are usually some- 
 what different in characteristics from each other, 
 there can be no means of predicting with an ap- 
 proach to certainty, the qualities to be produced 
 in the offspring by a particular sexual intercourse. 
 Now this laic of condition accounts for the differ 
 ence between individuals produced at several 
 births from the same parents. The case of twins, 
 in the human species, serves to strengthen this 
 argument, inasmuch as the two persons produced 
 at one birth, usually bear a close resemblance to 
 each other, in all respects. 
 
 It is well known that ideal impressions on the 
 female parent, subsequent to conception, fre- 
 quently take permanent effect on the offspring 
 That such causes do not usually give the leading 
 characteristics to the progeny, is evident from 
 these considerations : 
 
 1st. The consequences of such impressions on 
 the female, are usually somewhat of an unnatural 
 or monstrous order, being different from the traits 
 of either parent, and from the common nature of 
 the variety to which the animals belong. 
 
 2d. It is a settled point with breeders that the 
 progeny is more strongly characterized by the 
 traits of the male than by those of the female 
 
88 ESSAY ON THE STALLION. 
 
 parent. This fact is well known ; and indeed it 
 can hardly be expected otherwise than that the 
 sex which bears so much the stronger impress of 
 character, should impart the more visible resem- 
 blance to the offspring. 
 
 3d. It is an ascertained law of Nature, that pecu- 
 liarities of climate, food, occupation and most 
 other circumstances affecting the well being of 
 an animal, produce in its constitution a change 
 such as is necessary for the welfare of the species ; 
 and that this proceeds throughout many genera- 
 tions, until the animal becomes completely 
 adapted to the circumstances of its existence. 
 [The same thing occurs in the vegetable kingdom.] 
 
 This last consideration, of the gradually altered 
 state of an animal through successive generations, 
 is a strong instance of the effect of condition ; and 
 it is by a regard to this invariable law of Nature, 
 of self-adaptation to circumstances, that the culti- 
 vation or improvement of any breed is to be 
 effected. " Hence the most acid and worthless 
 grape is, by skillful culture, rendered sweet and 
 luscious, flowers without attraction are gradually 
 nurtured into beauty and fragrance ; the cat may 
 be made to present all the rich colors of the tor- 
 toise-shell, and the pigeon may be 'bred to a 
 feather.' " 
 
 Let us now endeavor to deduce a useful, practical 
 conclusion from the foregoing arguments. If our 
 doctrine be correct, the horse breeder will depend 
 upon the condition of the stallion, in order to the 
 producing of valuable stock from him, as well as 
 upon his other qualities of pedigree, speed, action, 
 bottom, wind, temper, spirit, form, style, size, 
 color, etc. 
 
 The next practical question is how this condi- 
 tion is to be attained, and how the animal is to be 
 
ESSAY ON THE STALLION. 89 
 
 kept at the required standard in this respect. The 
 requisite condition can only be attained by training 
 for health and strength in a great measure accord- 
 ing to the system of training for races : supplying 
 an abundant nourishment of the best quality, 
 allowing sufficient periods of repose for digestion, 
 and giving regular and strong exercise, the whole 
 with such variations as only experience and close 
 observation, under constant practice, can dictate. 
 
 The aptitude of an animal to benefit by training 
 is often inherited, like other qualities, from its 
 parantage ; and judicious breeding, alone can 
 insure a continuance of the desirable quality, or 
 create a propensity for it by proper crossing, when 
 it does not exist in the parent. 
 
 The age at which the horse is best adapted to 
 undergo a course of training, is just at the close 
 of his most rapid period of growth, while the sys- 
 tem is in its greatest freshness and vigor. This 
 period is at about five years old. The powers of 
 a horse will augment by suitable treatment in this 
 respect until about the age of nine years : and in 
 order to obtaining the most valuable stock, a stal- 
 lion should not be put to service before attaining 
 a full development of his powers, nor kept at it 
 after his form or energies appear to be affected for 
 the worse. He should be, then, between five and fif- 
 teen years of age, if of an ordinary constitution ; 
 but if of remarkable energy and endurance, and 
 exhibiting no symptoms of debility, may be con- 
 tinued until past twenty. 
 
 Trainers find their endeavors to produce the 
 highest state of strength, in an animal, greatly 
 impeded by any excitement of the sexual appe- 
 tite. It is then the more necessary to keep the 
 horse in a state of training throughout the year, 
 impressing most forcibly a tone of health and 
 
90 ESSAY ON THE STALLION. 
 
 strength upon his system at the time when his 
 nerves are liable to the least distraction ; and con- 
 tinuing the course carefully throughout the sea- 
 son of copulation ; never allowing such excess of 
 service, or of the excitement of sexual appetite, 
 as to induce a disturbance of spirit or temper, or 
 a relapse from the most thoroughly strong, healthy 
 and regular tone of the system. 
 
 G. B. 
 
wjw0n 
 
 The Horse One of the noblest and most useful 
 animals, affords us countless advantages ; it was 
 tamed and domesticated at an early period in the 
 world's history, and, by culture, the wild horse 
 which, in its original condition, was fallow, covered 
 with long hair, and resembling the ass in shape, has 
 been transformed into a beautiful animal which is 
 now spread all over the globe, although existing 
 in a variety of races. 
 
 The price of a horse depending upon his age, 
 increasing with his growth and with the attain- 
 ment of his full strength, and decreasing again 
 with his decline, it is of great importance to be 
 able to ascertain the horse's age as nearly as pos- 
 sible. 
 
 AGE OF THE HORSE. 
 
 It is judged from his teeth, and from certain ex- 
 ternal characters, the marks on the teeth, hair, 
 etc. A few days after birth the foal cuts four 
 front teeth, two above and two below; and shortly 
 after four more on each side, adjoining the former. 
 
92 PRECAUTIONS IN BUYING A HORSE 
 
 Up to the age of nine months, the horse cuts four 
 additional teeth in the same order, and these 
 twelve teeth are termed milk teeth. At the age of 
 two and a half to three years, the animal sheds 
 the first four milk teeth, and four somewhat 
 darker colored teeth, termed incisors take their 
 places. At three years and a halt or four, the up- 
 per and lower two milk teeth adjoining the former, 
 fall out and four permanent middle or central 
 teeth grow out instead. At this age stallions cut 
 their canine teeth, which begin to lose their sharp 
 edges when the horse is six years old, and at the 
 age of ten, have become quite blunted. In mares 
 the corner teeth are either wanting or they are 
 very short. The last milk teeth are shed at four 
 and a half or five years, and are replaced by the 
 corner teeth. From this period the age of the 
 horse is judged from depressions on the perma- 
 nent teeth termed marks. The older the horse 
 the more the marks become worn and effaced ; 
 and, inasmuch as the lower jaw is used more than 
 the upper, the marks on the lower teeth are ob- 
 literated sooner than those on the upper. At five 
 and a half or six years, the marks on the lower 
 canine teeth are entirely effaced ; at six and a 
 half or seven years, they disappear on both the 
 lower central teeth; at seven and a half to eight years 
 on the lower corner teeth. At eight and a half or 
 nine, the marks on the two upper incisors become 
 obliterated ; at nine and a half to ten years, they 
 disappear on the two middle teeth ; at ten and a 
 half to eleven, on the two corner teeth ; at eleven 
 to fifteen both the upper and lower middle and 
 corner teeth become blunted and triangular. At 
 fifteen to twenty all the middle and corner te^th 
 become flat, and obliquely inclined towards the 
 muzzle ; they look yellow and are covered with 
 
I PRECAUTIONS IN BUYING A HORSE 93 
 
 sordes. At the age of twenty and upwards, the 
 teeth become more and more flattened, worn even 
 as far as the alveoli, and completely oblique. 
 Other signs by which we recognize an advanced 
 age of the horse, are sinking of the orbits, white- 
 ness of the hair, especially about the head, long 
 and gray hairs in the eyebrows, rough and uneven 
 hoof's, etc. The horse* may live to "thirty years 
 and upwards. 
 
 PRECAUTIONS IN BUYING A HORSE. 
 
 In buying a horse, the greatest precaution is 
 necessary lest the purchaser should be cheated ; 
 for every part of the horse's body is liable to de- 
 fects and derangements. It behooves us, there- 
 fore in examining a horse, not to be in too great a 
 hurry especially if we have to deal with cunning 
 and bold dealers, or jockeys who know how to dis- 
 guise the faults, peculiarities and age of the horse, 
 and who manage to deceive the purchaser by all 
 sorts of tricks. 
 
 The horse should be examined in the stable, 
 whether he is gay and sprightly, from which we 
 may infer the enjoyment of good health; or 
 whether he is sad and the head is hanging down 
 under the crib, which would show internal dis- 
 ease. Fodder should be placed before him, which 
 he must eat with a good appetite, without biting 
 the crib ; nor should any morbid-looking slime re- 
 main adhering to the crib. 
 
 The eye should be examined in the stable near 
 the open door, where the horse has to be con- 
 ducted. The eye must be bright and clear ; in the 
 
94 PRECAUTIONS IX BUYING A HORSE 
 
 dark the pupil lias to dilate and to contract again 
 in the light; the best way to find this out is by 
 holding the hand over the horse's eye and then 
 suddenly removing it, in consequence ol which the 
 sudden action of the bright light will cause the 
 pupil to contract. The little funguses which are 
 located in the anterior corners of the eyes, must 
 not c:>ver the pupils. If the eye is not possessed 
 of these requisites, we may conclude that it is 
 diseased. 
 
 Amaurosis is a peculiar defect of the sight, 
 which is only known to connoisseurs. This is a 
 complete loss of sight, with immobility and per- 
 manent contraction of the pupil, although the eye 
 looks bright and clear. As regards the parts sur- 
 rounding the eye, the lids must be free from ulcer- 
 ation, the canthia and lachrymal bones must not 
 exhibit any bald spots, and the orbits must be 
 lean. The jaws should be narrow and lean and 
 not too close together in front ; the nostrils should 
 be wide and open, and of a bright red within ; the 
 muzzle must look bright and foamy ; the tongue 
 and pahte must not be injured; the teeth and 
 gums have to be sound, for horse-dealers frequently 
 resort to tricks in order to turn the appearance of 
 these parts to their own advantage. By knocking 
 off or pulling out the middle four milk teeth, two in 
 the upper and two in the lower jaws, horses of two 
 years old may be made to appear three years old, 
 and by pulling out the next four milk-teeth horses of 
 three years may be made to appear four years old. 
 This fraud may be easily discovered, because the 
 milk-teeth can 'never be pulled out entire with the 
 root, and the permanent teeth do not show them- 
 selves in the sockets in their rudimentary begin- 
 nings, as is the case when the milk-teeth are 
 pushed out naturally by the permanent teeth. On 
 
PRECAUTIONS IN BUYING A HORSE. 95 
 
 the other hand, cunning dealers know how to 
 make horses of twelve years old appear like 
 horses of seven or eight, by filing the teeth even, 
 and by making artificial cavities on both corners, 
 and frequently also on the middle teeth, and after- 
 wards imparting to them a natural color by means 
 of the nitrate of silver. Lest this fraud should be 
 discovered, they rub the mouth of the horse with 
 salt, in order to render a careful examination of 
 tfie teeth in the working and frothy mouth of the 
 horse impossible. 
 
 In some horses the teeth always indicate an 
 age of six or seven years. Such horses are known 
 by the upper jaw overhanging the lower in conse- 
 quence ot which the teeth do not press against 
 and cannot be rubbed against each other, and the 
 marks do not become effaced. The shape and 
 length of the teeth differ materially from those of 
 a horse that is really six or seven years old ; for 
 in old horses the teeth are stronger, rounder and 
 furrowed, whereas, in young horses, they are flat- 
 tened and short. After this the horse should be 
 taken on firm ground, and a careful examination 
 should be made, whether he is afflicted with any of- 
 the defects indicated, or whether any other detects 
 are discoverable ; whether the tore legs are too close 
 together near the chest, or whether the feet are 
 turned outwards ; whether the spring-joints of the 
 hind legs are not too much curved, and whether 
 the fetlocks are not generally too stiff or awk- 
 ward ; whether the hoof, which is a most im- 
 portant part of the body of a horse, is too full, too 
 flat, split, contracted, or ulcerated, all of which 
 are defects that may have very unpleasant conse- 
 quences. Afterwards the horse should be made 
 to walk and trot with a view to observing the 
 character of his movements, whether they are 
 
96 PRECAUTIONS IN BUYING A HORSE. 
 
 easy or limping, whether the legs are moved along 
 in regular order, the horse is sprightly, and 
 whether some of the above mentioned defects may 
 perhaps be discovered by this means. Immedi- 
 ately after exercise, the horse must not draw breath 
 with widely dilated nostrils, or with the sides 
 drawn up, or moved with redoubled quickness ; 
 nor must he cough hard or hoarse, as if the air- 
 passages were sore or inflamed, or as if he would 
 suffocate. Such a condition shows that the lungs 
 of the horse are diseased, spasmodically irritated, 
 more or less disorganized, and points to a state of 
 things termed broken-winded. 
 
 Moreover the whole shape of the horse has to 
 be considered, inasmuch as the price of the horse 
 depends upon it ; in this respect the use to which a 
 horse is to be put has to be considered ; for agricul- 
 tural purposes, for instance, the most beautiful 
 horse, which is perfectly free from fault, but skit- 
 tish or otherwise intractable may be useless. 
 
 Finally, we have to mention a few tricks which 
 are frequently resorted to by horse-dealers in order 
 to facilitate the sale of a horse. These tricks are 
 anglicising, dressing , peppering and ipliipping the 
 horse. By anglicising a common horse he is made 
 to look nobler, for by bending and stiffening his 
 tail the pendent quarters and hollow back become 
 straighter, the slovenly gait is steadied, and the 
 horse looks more sprightly. 
 
 Dressing the feet, manes, and particularly the 
 inner ears, is a great means of embellishing the 
 horse ; for the horse seems to acquire a more im- 
 posing posture, the neck looks more slender and 
 graceful, the hearing becomes more acute, the an- 
 imal is more attentive to everything that is taking 
 place around it, and the pendulous ears look more 
 erect. 
 
PRECAUTIONS IN BUYING A HORSE 97 
 
 By inserting a few grains of pepper into the 
 anus of the horse shortly before an examination, 
 he is made to carry his tail like the noblest ani- 
 mal, his gait is more nimble, he looks sprightly, 
 and seems more valuable than a common horse. 
 
 The effect of the whip is well known, and is par- 
 ticularly useful in the hands of an experienced 
 jockey. In purchasing a horse, this point is to be 
 well considered lest we should pay for an apparent 
 value which would disappear again sooner or later 
 and leave us to regret our money. Hence I advise 
 those who do not understand this business to con- 
 sult an experienced and trustworthy friend instead 
 of depending upon their own judgment in such a 
 dubious matter. 
 
 SHOEING, 
 
 Improper shoeing is very often the cause of a 
 defect in the hoof. It is of particular importance 
 that the sides should not be rasped off too much 
 or that the sole should not be cut out too much, 
 nor that the shoes should be burnt on too contin- 
 uously, as shoe-smiths are too much in the habit 
 of doing. The shoe must neither be too heavy 
 nor too coarse ; they ought to be of equal thick- 
 ness and be applied equally to the horny part of 
 the hoof. There are several methods of shoeing, 
 and every one prefers his own method to any 
 other ; but it is evident that no general rules for 
 shoeing can be laid down, but that the method of 
 shoeing depends upon the shape and condition of 
 the hoof, upon its defects, upon the posture and 
 movements of the horse, upon the uses to which 
 
98 PRECAUTIONS IN BUYING A HORSE. 
 
 he is put, and upon the character of the ground 
 where he is to be used. This shows that a good 
 horse-smith will not allow himself to be guided 
 by one particular method, but by his own sound 
 judgment and by his knowledge of the correct 
 porportions and conditions of a hoof ; he ought to 
 be well acquainted with the forging and turning 
 of the shoe, impart a proper shape to the hoof 
 when cutting it, and apply and fasten the hoof 
 with correctness and discrimination. 
 
CERTIFICATES. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, May 20, 1868. 
 This may certify that we have employed Dr. 
 Cooper, Homoeopathic Veterinary Surgeon of this 
 city, in treating our horses, suffering with various 
 diseases ; such as lung fever, sore throat, conges- 
 tion, colic, gripes and lameness of all kinds, with 
 marked success, and we cheerfully recommend Dr. 
 Cooper to the public, believing his treatment far 
 superior to any other veterinary treatment known. 
 R. & J. MORTON, Truckmen. 
 
 N. B. Messrs. Morton, it is well known, are 
 very extensively interested in the most valuable 
 horses in San Francisco, and they have spared 
 no expense to know the best treatment for their 
 horses when sick. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, May 22, 1868. 
 
 This is to certify that we have employed Dr. 
 
 Cooper, Homoeopathic Veterinary Surgeon of this 
 
 city, for treating various diseases for a number of 
 
 our horses. We are much pleased with the Ho- 
 
 j 
 
100 CERTIFICATES. 
 
 mceopathic treatment for horses. We therefore 
 recommend Dr. Cooper to all who desire a safe 
 and speedy treatment for their horses. 
 
 GEO. P. KlMBALL, 
 
 Carriage Manufacturer. 
 
 WILKINS & FOYE, 
 National Flouring Mills Truckmen. 
 RIDER, SOMERS & Co., 
 
 Hay Dealers. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, May 21, 1868. 
 DR. COOPEB Sir : In reply to your enquiry con- 
 cerning the Homoeopathic Veterinary Treatment 
 that we have received at your hands, we most 
 willingly say, has been entirely satisfactory. We 
 would further state that the cases you have 
 treated for us were difficult ones, and were consid- 
 ered incurable by all who saw them, but they 
 promptly yielded to your excellent treatment, and 
 we do cheerfully recommend you to all who may 
 have occasion to employ a skillful veterinary sur- 
 geon. 
 
 J. B. HOLMES & Co., 
 Hay Dealers, Market Street. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, May 3, 1868. 
 Homoeopathic treatment. During the three years 
 past Dr. Cooper has treated for me several horses 
 having different complaints, such as sprains, 
 cramps, etc., with marked success. On one occa- 
 sion my horse was attacked with lockjaw, caused 
 by picking up a nail in the foot ; six hours after 
 Dr. Cooper's medicine brought relief, and in three 
 days the horse was able to perform his regular 
 day's work. I have every confidence in Dr. Cooper 
 
CERTIFICATES. 101 
 
 as a veterinary surgeon, and cheerfully recom- 
 mend him and his mode of treatment, to any per- 
 son who may have a horse requiring the care of a 
 skillful physician. 
 
 JNO. S. GODSOE, 
 Mission Street Wharf. 
 
 To THE PUBLIC. This may certify that I have 
 employed Dr. Cooper, veterinary surgeon, and 
 his homoeopathic treatment for my cows and 
 horses. I have saved a number of valuable cows 
 with Dr. Cooper's medicines that it did not seem 
 possible could live through the night. But I gave 
 the medicines promptly as directed, and the cows 
 were speedily cured. The treatment has been 
 equally successful with our horses. We can 
 recommend Dr. Cooper's treatment, to all dairy- 
 men especially, believing it the best treatment 
 known. 
 
 M. M. COOK. 
 Milk Ranch near Lone Mountain. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, May 21st. 1868. 
 This may certify that I have been using almost 
 daily, for the past six months, Dr. Cooper's homoe- 
 opathic veterinary medicines, being foreman in 
 my brother's stables on Ellis St., containing about 
 one hundred and twenty horses. The most of 
 these horses being very large truck horses, and 
 subjected to the very hardest kind of labor, are 
 consequently much liable to accidents and disease. 
 All the veterinary surgeon in the city, of any 
 note, have been employed in these stables. We 
 consider and prefer Dr. Cooper's treatment as far 
 
102 CERTIFICATES. 
 
 superior to all others, and do most cheerfully 
 recommend it to all who can appreciate a most 
 valuable treatment. 
 
 DANIEL L. MORTON. 
 
 1 
 
 This is to certify that we have employed Dr. 
 Cooper, veterinary surgeon, in treating our horses 
 suffering with various diseases, and one a bad 
 case of lock-jaw, which was promptly cured. We 
 are much pleased with Dr. Cooper's homoeopathic 
 veterinary treatment, and most cheerfully recom- 
 mend him to those who may have occasion to 
 employ a veterinary surgeon. 
 
 J. COBBLEDICK, 
 
 (Of the firm of Meeker, James & Co.) 
 Pine St., San Francisco. 
 
 During the last four years, Dr. Cooper, veterinary 
 homoeopathic surgeon of this city, has treated for 
 me a number of horses suffering from various dis- 
 eases, with perfect success in every case, and one 
 case in particular I will mention. It was one of the 
 largest and most valuable horses in San Francisco 
 at that time, well known by his name, "Old Abe." 
 He was attacked very violently with a complica- 
 tion of diseases : sore throat, Hung fever, and 
 inflammation of the kidneys. He was the sickest 
 horse that I ever saw, and all who saw him said he 
 could not live. I consulted a number of horse 
 doctors, but could not get any encouragement from 
 them. I was then recommended to go to Dr. 
 Cooper. I saw him, and he examined my horse 
 and told me he could cure him, and commenced 
 his treatment immediately. I saw the horse every 
 day, but I had no hopes of him, nor had many 
 
CERTIFICATES. 103 
 
 others who were watching the Dr.'s new treat- 
 ment for three or four days. But the Doctor 
 declared from the first to the last, that he would 
 cure the horse, and he was true to his word. Just 
 fourteen days from the day the treatment was 
 commenced, the horse was delivered up to me per- 
 fectly cured, and never lost a day for more than 
 two years. We consider Dr. Cooper's mode of 
 treating horses, far superior to all other treatments 
 known, and cheerfully recommend it to all who 
 desire to avail themselves of the best veterinary 
 treatment. 
 
 E. B. KINGSLEY, 
 Truckman for Meeker, James & Co., San Francisco. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, May 20, 1868. 
 For the last three or four years, Dr. Cooper has 
 treated a number of sick horses for me, with his 
 homoeopathic veterinary . treatment, with good 
 success. Also for many others stopping at my 
 stables. We have been much pleased with this 
 mode of veterinary, and believe it to be the safest 
 and best treatment for horses, now in use. 
 
 ROE ALLEN, 
 Market Street Stables. 
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF 
 
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