6%yg 
 
£ 
 
 The Claim of 
 
 ANTiaUITY 
 
 WITH AN 
 
 Annotated List of Books 
 
 for those who know 
 ' neither Latin nor Greek 
 
 Issued by the Councils oi 'The Societies for the 
 
 Tromotion of Hellenic and Roman Studies and of the 
 
 Classical ^Association 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD 
 
 1922 
 
The Ci{^'m;^(>£_ 
 
 ANT I (XtJ i T Y 
 
 WITH AN 
 
 Annotated List of Books 
 
 for those who know 
 neither Latin nor Greek 
 
 Issued by the Councils of "The Societies for the 
 
 Tromotion of Hellenic and Roman Studies and of the 
 
 Classical ^^Association 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD 
 
 1922 
 
PRINTED IN ENGLAND 
 
 AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 BY FREDERICK HALL 
 
 2614 
 
THE CLAIM OF QREECE 
 
 The modern world is busy. Ancient Greece at times seems 
 ages away: the world of books is too large for any one person 
 to master. What claim, then, has this dead people on our 
 time? 
 
 The claim of Greece may be put in Shelley's words : 
 * Although the scheme of Athenian society was deformed 
 by many imperfections which the poetry existing in chivalry 
 and Christianity has erased from the habits and institutions 
 of modern Europe, yet never at any other period has so 
 much energy, beauty, and virtue been developed ; never 
 was blind strength and stubborn form so disciplined and 
 rendered subject to the will of man, or that will less repugnant 
 to the dictates of the beautiful and true, as during the 
 century which preceded the death of Socrates ; of no other 
 epoch in the history of our period have we records and 
 fragments stamped so visibly with the image of the divinity 
 in man.' This is the judgement of a great poet, and one not 
 inclined to accept received opinions. Is it not natural that 
 any one interested in what humanity has achieved should 
 wish to know something of a people of which such words 
 can be spoken by such a judge? Or take another writer, 
 John Stuart Mill. He writes : ^ The Greeks are the most 
 remarkable people who have yet existed. . . . They were 
 the beginners of nearly everything, Christianity excepted, 
 of which the modern world makes its boast. . . . They were 
 the founders of mathematics, of physics, of the inductive 
 study of politics, of the philosophy of human nature and 
 
 520274 
 
.., The, Claim, of Greece 
 
 life/ Again^ . is . any. ,Qne. iiaterested in humanity content 
 to remain: igi1ci-'ant*blf:$uch*a\p.eople? A man who knows 
 nothing of Greece goes to his grave knowing nothing 
 of one of the greatest literatures of the West, and of the 
 nation which created not only almost every literary form 
 that we use, from drama to history^ from the sermon to the 
 novel, but also the scientific study of nature and man : he 
 misses some of the profoundest thought about human nature 
 and the problems of social and political life. 
 
 How can the adult best study the classics ? First he 
 must decide whether he will study them in the original or 
 through a tfranslation. If in the original, his main object 
 will be to learn as quickly as possible to read with fluency. 
 This will make his methods of study rather different from 
 those used in schools. He will content himself, for instance, 
 with a minimum of grammar. 
 
 Most adult students, however, will approach the classics 
 through translations. Translations are in many ways 
 unsatisfactory, especially in poetry and in proportion as the 
 work translated is one of real literary power. But they 
 are better than nothing ; they have been used with success, 
 and they can be so used again. Their value is immensely 
 enhanced if the reader knows a little of the language. 
 
 What are the first Greek works to read ? Students of 
 literature will turn first to Homer and to the Greek Drama. 
 Historians will go to Thucydides and Herodotus, those 
 interested in philosophy or in social and political theory to 
 Plato and Aristotle. 
 
 How are the books to be read ? It is essential to read 
 the authors themselves, and not merely books about them. 
 There are excellent book's about the Greeks, but they are 
 only reflections from that central sun which gives them life. 
 On the other hand, plunging straight into a Greek book may 
 
"The Qlaim of Qreece 
 
 lead to puzzlement or even disappointment. The geography, 
 the names, the religion, the social organizations are strange, 
 and there is a background of unfamiliar history. Further, 
 the Greek way of writing is very different from our own, and 
 its restraint and austerity are apt to seem cold on first 
 acquaintance, if we come to it unprepared. 
 
 First then we must grasp the historical background. 
 Then, having got the background, we must read the books. 
 Here a guide to each author is, if not a necessity, a great help. 
 Much will be missed by a reader who plunges into Plato 
 and Aristotle — even into Homer or Euripides — without 
 some work of literary criticism to assist his appreciation. 
 Where such works exist in English they have been indicated 
 below. 
 
 LIST OF BOOKS 
 
 All comments in this list follow the titles of the books to which they 
 refer. 
 
 In the compilation of this list the cost of the books included has 
 throughout been considered ; the more expensive works it will often be 
 possible to consult in, or borrow from, public libraries. Nearly all the 
 books costing more than 7^. 6 J. mentioned in this list will be found in the 
 library of the Societies for Hellenic and Roman Studies, see below p. 30. 
 Students in many cases may be able to procure second-hand copies from 
 local booksellers, or from such firms as Messrs. Blackwell or Parker of 
 Oxford, HefFer or Bowes & Bowes of Cambridge, or Francis Edwards 
 of Marylebone High Street, W.C. 
 
 Help and advice can frequently be obtained from members of the 
 Classical ^Association, which has branches in most districts : students 
 should communicate either with the local Secretary of the branch in 
 their neighbourhood, or with the Assistant Secretary of the Classical 
 Association: Triangle Secretarial Offices, 61 Southampton Street, W. i. 
 For particulars of the Societies for the Promotion of Hellenic and Roman 
 Studies, and of the Classical Association, see below, p. 30. 
 
The Claim of Greece 
 
 I. General Works 
 II. Literature. General — Homer — Age of Transition — The 
 Great Age : (i) Greek Drama ; (ii) Historians 
 (iii) Philosophers; (iv) Orators. — Later Writers 
 
 III. Philosophy and Religion . 
 
 IV. History . . . 
 V, Geography 
 
 VI. Science .... 
 VII. Art and Archaeology 
 VIII. Social Life . 
 
 PAGE 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 17 
 
 the 
 
 1. GENERAL WORKS 
 
 (a) General Works to serve as an Introduction to the 
 Study of Greek Civilization, 
 
 J. H. Breasted, Ancient Times, (Ginn & Co. Sj. 6^.) 
 
 The best one-volume sketch of the general history of 
 
 ancient world. 
 G. L. Dickinson, The Greek View of Life. (Methuen. ^s.) 
 H. R. James, Our Hellenic Heritage, Part I. (Macmillan. 6s,) 
 
 This part forms a" useful introduction to Homer and Herodotus ; 
 
 the second part is in preparation. 
 A. E. Zimmern, The Greek Commonwealth. (Oxford University Press. 
 
 3rd edition. 1 6s,) 
 
 An admirable study of life in the city state of Athens down to 
 
 the Peloponnesian War (431 B.C.). 
 R. W. Livingstone (editor), The Legacy of Greece. (Oxford Univer- 
 sity Press, yj. 6d,) 
 
 Essays by leading authorities on the achievements of Greece in 
 
 all fields; the chapters on Greek science form the best short 
 
 account of the subject. 
 John A. Symonds, Studies of the Greek Poets. (Black. 25^.) 
 R. W. Livingstone, The Greek Genius and its Meaning to Us. (Oxford 
 
 University Press, yj. 6d.) 
 S. H. Butcher, Some Aspects of the Greek Genius. (Macmillan. yj. 6d.) 
 VJd\iQxV^X,QV., Greek Studies. A Series of Essays. (Macmillan. ys.6d.) 
 S. Casson, Ancient Greece. (Oxford University Press. 2s. 6d.) 
 
Qenerai Works 
 
 (b) Books of Reference. 
 
 Every student should procure an Atlas of the ancient world. The 
 best atlas is undoubtedly Murray s Small Classical Atlas edited by 
 G. B. Grundy (Murray. 9^.). The Atlas of Ancient Geography in the 
 Everyman Library (Dent. 2s) is less satisfactory. 
 
 Amongst general books of reference for the student of Greek 
 civilization the most useful are William Smith's Classical Dictionary oj 
 Greek and Roman Biography^ Mythology^ and Geography^ last edition by 
 G. E. Marindin (Murray. 21.J.), and the Companion to Greek Studies 
 edited by Leonard Whibley (Cambridge University Press. [3rd edn.] 
 25^'.). There is also a small Dictionary of Mythology in the Everyman 
 Library (Dent. 2^.). 
 
 Students will also find many excellent articles in the Encyclopaedia 
 Britannica (iith edition). At the end of these articles admirable lists 
 of books on the subject are given. 
 
 II. LITERATURE 
 
 GENERAL 
 
 Gilbert Murray, History of Ancient Greek Literature, (Heinemann. ds,^ 
 The best short history of Greek literature. Every student 
 would be well advised to read this book. 
 R. C. Jebb, Primer of Greek Literature. (Macmillan. is. 3 J.) 
 
 The Oxford University Press hopes to publish shortly a book of 
 translations from the great Greek writers (edited by R. W. Livingstone) 
 designed to give a summary view of Greek literature. 
 
 Note. — The following are the chief series in which translations of the 
 
 classics are published : — 
 
 . The Loeb Classical Library. Original text and English translation. 
 
 (Heinemann, London. \os, a vol.) 
 
 Oxford Library of Translations. (Oxford University Press, ^s. a vol.) 
 Everyman Library. (J. M. Dent & Sons,^ Bedford Street, London. 
 
 2s. a vol.) 
 
 World^s Classics. (Oxford University Press. 2j. a vol.) 
 
 Bohn Library. (Bell & Sons, London. 6j. a vol.) 
 
 Translations of Christian Literature. Series /. Greek Texts (Society 
 
 for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London), for the early Christian 
 
 Classics. (Various prices.) 
 
8 The Claim of Greece 
 
 HOMER 
 Prose Translations 
 Lang, Leaf, and Myers, The Iliad of Homer, (Macmillan. 6^.) 
 Butcher and Lang, The Odyssey of Homer. (Macmillan. 4J.) 
 
 The poems are perhaps best read in these excellent prose 
 translations. 
 
 Verse Translations 
 Pope's Iliad in the World^s Classics, (Oxford University Press. 2^.) 
 
 A brilliant translation, if remote from the Hellenic spirit. 
 William Morris, The Odyssey^ in his Collected Works. (Longmans.) 
 J. W. Mackail, The Odyssey. (Murray. 3 vols. 6s, each.) 
 Francis Caulfield, The Odyssey. (Bell. 7^. 6d.) 
 
 With Homer should be read for literary appreciation 
 Matthew Arnold, On Translating Homer, (Murray. 3 j. 6d.) 
 L. Abercrombie, Epic (M. Seeker, is) is a suggestive essay. 
 H. Browne, A Handbook of Homeric Study. (Longmans. 6j.) 
 
 A useful summary of the Homeric question, and an illustrated 
 account of recent archaeological research in its bearing upon the 
 Homeric Age. 
 
 THE AGE OF TRANSITION 
 
 A. W. Mair, Hesiod. Oxford Translations. (Oxford LTniversity 
 Press. 6s.) 
 
 The Works and Days of Hesiod gives a picture of a Greek 
 farmer's life about the eighth century b. c. 
 W. Headlam, Book of Greek Verse. (Cambridge University Press. 
 8j. 6d,) 
 
 This includes translations from Greek lyric poetry. 
 
 THE GREAT AGE 
 (i) Greek Drama. 
 
 J. T. Sheppard, Greek Tragedy. Cambridge Primers, (Cambridge 
 
 University Press. 2s. 6d.) 
 Gilbert Norwood, Greek Tragedy: (Methuen. lis. 6d.) 
 
 Good introductions to the study of the Greek drama. 
 A. E. Haigh, The Tragic Drama of the Greeks. (Oxford University 
 
 Press. 14^.) 
 Roy C. Flickinger, The Greek Theater and its Drama. (University of 
 Chicago Press. $3.00.) 
 
 This may be consulted on the influences affecting Greek drama. 
 
Literature 
 
 AESCHYLUS 
 Prose Translation 
 
 W. Headlam. Bohn Library, (Bell. 6j. ; separate plays \s. t^cL 
 each.) 
 
 Verse Translations 
 
 E. D. A. Morshead, The House of Atreus, (Agamemnon, Libation- 
 Bearers and Furies)^ and 
 
 E. D. A. Morshead, The Suppliant Maidens^ The Persians^ The Seven 
 against Thebes^ The Prometheus Bound, (Macmillan. 2 vols. 
 3 J. 6d. each.) 
 
 Of complete verse translations this is perhaps the best. 
 
 G. M. Cookson, Four Plays of Aeschylus. (Blackvvell. Oxford. 6s.) 
 ( = The Suppliant Maidens, The Persians, The Seven against 
 Thebes, Prometheus Bound.) 
 
 Gilbert Murray, Agamemnon. (Allen & Upward, is. 6d,) 
 
 R. C. Trevelyan, The Oresteia of Aeschylus, Agamemnon, Choephori, 
 Eumenides (Bowes & Bowes. Cambridge, ^s.) is an abbreviated 
 acting version arranged for the recent performance at Cambridge 
 (with Greek text). 
 
 SOPHOCLES 
 
 Prose Translation 
 R. C. Jebb. (Cambridge University Press. ']s. 6d.) 
 
 Verse Translations 
 
 L. Campbell in World^s Classics. (Oxford University Press. 2s.) 
 
 Perhaps the best verse translation. 
 Gilbert Murray, Oedipus, King of Thebes, (Allen & Unwin. is, 6d,) 
 
 The student might also consult 
 L. Campbell, Sophocles. (Macmillan. is. gd.) 
 
 EURIPIDES 
 
 Verse Translations 
 
 A. S. Way, The Tragedies of Euripides in English Verse, 3 vols. 
 (Macmillan. Only vol. i is now in print, ioj*.) 
 
 This translation includes all the plays, and can also be obtained 
 (complete) in the Loeb Library. (Heinemann. 4 vols. loj. each.) 
 
 2614 A 3 
 
I o The Claim of Greece 
 
 Gilbert Murray has translated the following plays : — ^ilcestls, Bacchae, 
 Electra^ Hippolytus\ Iphtgenia in Taur'ts^ Medea^ Rhesus^ Trojan 
 Women, (Allen & Unwin. 2s. 6d, or Is. 6d, each ; or in two 
 volumes, 6s, eaeh.) 
 
 The translations of the Hippolytus and the Bacchae^ together 
 with a translation of the Frogs of Aristophanes with an Intro- 
 duction =7)6^ Athenian Drama, vol. iii. (Allen & Unwin. Sj. 6d,) 
 These translations are the work of a scholar and a poet and will 
 be found the most attractive to the general reader. 
 
 In the Everyman Library there are two volumes (Dent. 2s, 
 each) of translations by various writers, including Shelley. 
 The student might also consult 
 G. Murray, Euripides and his Age, in the Home Universiiy Library. 
 (Williams & Norgate. 2s, 6d.) 
 
 ARISTOPHANES 
 F^erse Translations 
 
 B. B. Rogers. The plays are being published separately at 2s. each. 
 
 (Bell.) 
 J. H. Frere, selected plays in the World's Classics (Oxford University 
 
 Press. 2J'.) and in the Everyman Library (Dent. 2s.). 
 Gilbert Murray, The Frogs. (Allen & Unwin. is. 6d.) With notes. 
 
 Also included for its criticism of Euripides in The Athenian Drama, 
 
 vol. iii Euripides. (Allen & Unwin. Ss. 6d.) 
 
 (ii) Historians. 
 HERODOTUS 
 G. Rawlinson, in Everyman Library. 2 vols. (Dent. 2s. each). 
 
 THUCYDIDES. 
 
 R. Crawley, in Everyman s Library. (Dent. 2^".) 
 B. Jowett, 2 vols. (Oxford University Press. 1 5^.) 
 
 XENOPHON 
 
 H. G. Dakyns. The March of the Ten Thousand. (Macmillan. 4J.) 
 „ Three Essays. [On Horsemanship, Hunting, &c.] 
 
 (Macmillan. 6s.) 
 J. B. Bury, Ancient Greek Historians. (Macmillan. I ^s) 
 
 Contains interesting essays on Herodotus, Thucydides, and 
 Xenophon. 
 
Literature 1 1 
 
 (lii) ne Philosophers. 
 PLATO'S DIALOGUES 
 
 The Euthyphro, Apology^ Crito, and Phaeclo. These four 
 dialogues can be read in Benjamin Jowett's translation in The 
 Four Socratic Dialogues of Plato (Oxford University Press. 
 4J'. 6 J.), or in that of F. J. Church in The Trial and Death of 
 Socrates (Macmillan. 3^. 6d,) 
 Phaedrus, Lysis, and Protagoras* Translated by J. Wright. (Mac- 
 millan. 3^. 6d.) 
 The Republic, Translated by J. LI. Davies and D. J. Vaughan. 
 
 (Macmillan. 3j". 6d) 
 Five Dialogues of Plato bearing on Poetic Inspiration. Everyman 
 Library, (Dent. 2^.) 
 
 Contains Shelley's translation of the Symposion, 
 Socratic Discourses by Plato and Xenophon, Everyman Library. (Dent.2j.) 
 Contains a translation of Xenophon's Memorabilia, 
 Students should also consult the admirable Lectures on the Repub- 
 lic of Plato by R. L. Nettleship. (Macmillan. los, 6d.) 
 
 The complete translation of the Dialogues of Plato by Benjamin 
 Jowett (Oxford University Press. 105^.) is excellent, but is 
 unfortunately out of print. (A few copies of older editions remain.) 
 A. E. Taylor, Plato. (Constable, is. 6d,) 
 
 A good short introduction. 
 Ernest Barker, Greek Political Theory, Plato and his Predecessors, 
 (Methuen. 14^.) 
 
 A good introduction to Greek political thought. 
 
 ARISTOTLE 
 
 Ethics, J. E. C. Welldon, The Nicomachaean Ethics, (Macmillan. 
 8x. 6d.) 
 F. H. Peters, The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristoth, (Kegan 
 
 Paul. 6j-. 6^.) 
 J. H. Muirhead, Chapters from Aristotle s Ethics. (Murray. 
 9^.) Has full selections and excellent discussions. 
 Politics. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. (Oxford University Press. 
 4 J. 6^.) 
 Translated by J. E. C. Welldon. (Macmillan. 12s. 6d,) 
 Poetics. I, Byv/?Ltev, On the Art of Poetry. (Oxford University Press. 
 2s. 6d.) 
 
 A translation with a preface by G. Murray. 
 
12 The Claim of Greece 
 
 S. H. Butcher, Theory of Poetry and Fine Art. (Macmillan. 
 los. 6d.) Contains a translation and interesting essays. 
 A. E. Taylor, Aristotle. In People's Booh Series. (T. C. Jack, 
 T. Nelson & Sons. is. yl.) Is a useful short introduction. 
 
 (iv) ^he Orators, 
 
 These are difficult to appreciate in an English version, and it will be 
 sufficient here to refer to the translation of the speeches of Demosthenes 
 by C. Rann Kennedy. Bohn Library, (Bell. 5 vols. 6^. each.) 
 The Croivn^ the Philippics, and ten other Orations of Demosthenes. 
 Everyman Library. (Dent. 2^.) 
 
 A selection from Kennedy's translation. 
 For most students the best translation will probably prove to be that of 
 A. W. Pickard- Cambridge, Demosthenes' Public Orations. Oxford 
 Translations, (Oxford University Press. 2 vols. loj*.) 
 The first volume contains a useful introduction. 
 S. H. Butcher, Demosthenes. (Macmillan. i^. 9J.) 
 An admirable biographical sketch. ' 
 
 Later Writers, 
 
 Pastoral Poetry and Idylls : Andrew Lang, Theocritus, Bion and 
 Moschus. (Macmillan. 3^. 6 J.) 
 A prose translation. 
 C. S. Calverley, in the Bohn Library. (Bell. 6^.) 
 
 A verse translation of Theocritus. 
 A. S. Way, Theocritus., Bion and Moschus. (Cambridge Univer- 
 sity Press. 5^.) 
 A verse translation. 
 Greek Anthology : Selections in prose translation by J. W. Mackail. 
 (Longmans. 3J. 6d.) 
 Graham R. Tomson, Selections from the Greek Anthology. (Walter 
 Scott. 2^.) 
 An excellent selection. 
 Satire: Lucian. Translation by H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler. 
 (Oxford University Press. 4 vols. 21s) 
 Lucian was a satirist of life and thought in the Roman Empire 
 of the second century a. d. ; interesting and entertaining reading. 
 Biography. Plutarch's Lives : in Everyman Library, 3 vols. (Dent. 
 2s. each.) Translation by A. M. Clough. 
 
 Or in Bohn Library. 4 vols. (Bell. 6s. each.) Translation 
 by Stewart and Long. 
 
Literature 1 3 
 
 Later Moralists, 
 
 (a) Stoics. Epictetus : Oxford Translations. (Oxford University 
 
 Press. 2 vols, los.) Translation by P. E. Matheson. 
 Or in Everyman Library. (Dent. 2s.) 
 Marcus Aurelius, in the IVorld's Classics. (Oxford Univer- 
 sity Press. 2j.) 
 
 (b) Plutarch : Moralia, in Everyman Library. (Dent. 2j.) 
 
 III. PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION 
 
 (a) Philosophy. 
 
 W. T. Stace, Critical History of Greek Philosophy, (Macmillan. 
 7 J. 6d,) 
 
 A good general sketch. 
 R. Adamson, The Development of Greek Philosophy, (Blackwood. 
 lOs, 6d,) 
 
 Incomplete, but excellent. 
 J. Burnet, Greek Philosophy. Part /. Thales to Plato. (Macmillan. 
 
 10 J.) 
 
 E. R. Bevan, Stoics and Sceptics, (Oxford University Press, 6s,) 
 W. W. Tarn, Antigonos Gonatas^ chap. viii. (Oxford University Press. 
 
 For Bion and the philosopher as missionary. 
 C. Bigg, Neoplatonism. (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 
 
 The standard work uniting learning with an appeal to the 
 general reader is that of Gomperz : The Greek Thinkers, 4 vols. 
 (Murray, lis. each.) 
 See also the § Philosophers in II. 
 
 (b) Religion. 
 
 J. Adam, The J^eli^ious Teachers of Greece. (T. & T. Clark, lis.) 
 C. H. Moore, The Religious Thought of the Greeks : from Homer to the 
 
 Triumph of Christianity. (Oxford University Press. ioj-. 6d,) 
 Perhaps the best short survey of the whole subject. 
 J. E. Harrison, Ancient Art and Ritual, Home University Library, 
 
 (Williams & Norgate. zs. 6d.) 
 
14 The Claim of Greece 
 
 IV. HISTORY 
 
 (a) General, 
 
 C. H. Hawes and H. B. Hawes, Crete the Forerunner of Greece^ in 
 Harper s Library of Living Thought, (Harper. 3^.) 
 
 The best short sketch of the pre-Hellenic Aegean civilization. 
 H. R. Hall; The Ancient History of the Near East^ chap. ii. The 
 
 Older Civilization of Greece, (Methuen. 21^.) 
 H. R. Hall, Aegean Archaeology, (Lee Warner. I2s, 6d.) 
 J. L. Myres, The Dawn of History, in Home University Library, 
 
 (Williams & Norgate. 2s. 6d,) Brilliant and stimulating. 
 C. A. Fyffe, Greece, History Primers. (Macmillan. is, gd.) 
 
 Good sketch published in 1892 : hence does not include any 
 account of the early civilization of Crete. 
 C. D. Edmonds, Greek History for Schools. (Cambridge University 
 
 Press. 6s. 6d,) 
 H. B. Cotterill, Ancient Greece, in ' Great Nations ' Series, (Harrap. 
 15X.) 
 Well illustrated. 
 J. B. Bury, History of Greece, (Macmillan. 2nd edn. lOs.) 
 The standard one-volume history. 
 George Grote's History of Greece is a classic ; although the early 
 part of the work is now antiquated, this famous history should not be 
 neglected. It is most easily accessible in the Everyman Library, . 1 2 
 vols. (Dent, 2s, each vol.) 
 
 For shorter edition see below § (b). 
 
 See also Encyclopaedia Britannica (ilth edn.) articles on Aegean 
 Civilization.^ Crete (both well illustrated) and Greece 2. History, 
 
 (b) Special Periods, 
 
 P. N. Ure, The Greek Renascence, (Methuen. 6^.) 
 
 A popular account of the civilization of early Ionia. 
 J. A. K. Thomson, Greeks and Barbarians, (Methuen. 8j. 6d,) 
 
 A readable collection of essays : valuable for the period of 
 colonization. 
 G. Grote, History of Greece, Solon to 40) B. c. Condensed and edited 
 by J. M. Mitchell and M. O. B. Caspari. (Routledge. 5^.) 
 
 Reproduces the most valuable parts of Grote's history. 
 L. W. Hopkinson, Greek Leaders. (Constable, ^s.) 
 
 Excellent biographical sketches of Greek generals and statesmen. 
 
I 
 
 History 1 5 
 
 D. G. Hogarth, The Ancient East^ in the Home University Library, 
 (Williams & Norgate. 2s, 6d,) 
 
 For the contact between Greece and the East, 
 J. P. MahafFy, Alexander s Empire, in the Stories of the Nations series. 
 (Fisher Unwin. 7^. 6d.) 
 
 A continuous history of Greece for the period after the death 
 of Alexander. 
 
 The Silver Age of the Greek World, (University Press, Chicago 
 
 [1906]. Pubd. at $3.00.) 
 W. S. Ferguson, Greek Imperialism, (Constable. Sj. 6d,) 
 
 The best general account of the Hellenistic kingdoms. 
 
 V. GEOGRAPHY 
 
 H. F. Tozer, Classical Geography. (Macmillan. is, gd,) 
 
 J. L. Myres, Greek Lands and the Greek People. (Oxford University 
 Press. Is. 6d.) 
 
 J, G. Frazer, Studies in Greek Scenery^ Legend and History, (Mac- 
 millan. 5^.) 
 
 A. E. Zimmern, The Greek Commonwealth, Part I. (Oxford 
 University Press. 3rd edition. i6j.) 
 
 VI. SCIENCE 
 
 Essays on Greek Science will be found in The Legacy of Greece 
 
 (Oxford University Press, yj. 6^.). 
 
 Charles Singer, Greek Biology and Greek Medicine. (Oxford Univer- 
 sity Press. 2 J. 6 J.) 
 
 J. L. Heiberg, Mathematics and Physical Science in Classical Antiquity, 
 (Oxford University Press. 2s. 6d.) 
 
 Sir Thomas Heath, The Copernicus of Antiquity {Aristarchus of Samos) 
 in the series Pioneers of Progress. 
 
 (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, is. ^d. or 2s.) 
 
 Archimedes, (Same publishers and prices.) 
 
 VII. ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY 
 
 (a) General. 
 
 A. Michaelis, A Century of Archaeological Discovery, (Murray. 1 8 J.) 
 The best account of modern discoveries. 
 
1 6 The Claim of Greece 
 
 G. M. A. Richter, Metropolitan Museum of New Tork. Handbook to 
 the Classical Collection, (2nd edn. 50 c.) 
 
 Perhaps the best brief popular introduction to the study of Greek 
 Art in the language. 
 H. N. Fowler and J. R. Wheeler, A Handbook of Greek Archaeology, 
 (American Book Co., Chicago [1909]. $2.00.) 
 
 A concise and scholarly account of the various branches of 
 Greek Art. 
 FI. B. Walters, The Art of the Greeks, (Methuen. 15^.) 
 
 Well illustrated. 
 V. G^LvdineY, Principles of Greek Art. (Macmillan. lyj.) 
 
 (b) Architecture, 
 
 E. Bell, Hellenic Architecture. (Bell. ']s, 6d.) 
 
 A well illustrated introduction. 
 Anderson and Spiers, 2^he Architecture of Greece and Rome. (Batsford.) 
 
 A new edition is in preparation. 
 
 (c) Sculpture, 
 
 E. A, Gardner, Handbook of Greek Sculpture, (Macmillan. lis. 6d.) 
 
 The best general introduction to the subject. 
 G. F. Hill, A Hundred Masterpieces of Sculpture. (Methuen. los, 6d.) 
 
 These are admirably selected, described, and illustrated. 
 Guy Dickins, Hellenistic Sculpture, (Oxford University Press. i6j.) 
 
 A good work on later Greek sculpture. 
 
 (d) Vase-Painting, 
 
 E. Buschor, Greek Vase- Painting, Translated by G. Richards. 
 (Chatto & Windus. 25^.) 
 A first-rate treatise. 
 E. Pottier, Douris and the Painters of Greek Vases. (Murray, los, 6d,) 
 
 (e) Coins, 
 
 G. Macdonald, Coin Types. Their Origin and Development, (Maclehose. 
 Glasgow, ioj*.) 
 
 Interesting and readable lectures. 
 G, F. mW, Historical Greek Coins. (Constable. Out of print.) 
 
 There are also two admirable little introductions to the study of coins : 
 G. Macdonald, 77je Evolution of Coinage, Cambridge Primers, (Cam- 
 bridge University Press. 2^.) 
 G. F". Hill, Coins and Medals. Helps for Students of History, (Society 
 for Promoting Christian Knowledge, is, 6d,) 
 
IT 
 
 By . Head, Coins of the Ancients. (British Museum. 25^.) Illustrated 
 with 70 plates. 
 Larger and more expensive books than those contained in this 
 section on Art and Archaeology will be found in many libraries. 
 
 VIll. SOCIAL LIFE 
 
 J. P. Mahaffy, Social Life in Greece from Homer to Menander. (Mac- 
 
 millan. 9^.) 
 K. J. Freeman, Schools of Hellas. An Essay on the Practice and Theory 
 
 of Ancient Greek Education^ 600 to JOO B. c. (Macmillan. 2nd 
 
 edn. 5j.) 
 John W. H. Walden, The Universities of Ancient Greece, (Routledge. 
 
 7 J. 6d.) 
 James Drever, Greek Education : its Practice and Principles. (Cambridge 
 
 University Press. 3J.) 
 E. N. Gardiner, Greek Athletic Sports and Festivals. (Macmillan. 
 
 I2s, 6d.) 
 
 At present this book is out of print. 
 C. E. Robinson, The Days of Alkibiades, (Arnold. 5j.) 
 James Donaldson, Woman, her Position and Itifluence in Ancient Greece 
 
 and Rome .^ and among the early Christians. (Longmans. [1907.] 
 
 5^.) is unfortunately out of print. 
 The British Museum Guide to the Exhibition illustrating Greek and 
 Roman Life (2j. 6d.) is a mine of information. 
 
i8 
 
 II 
 
 THE CLAIM OF %pME 
 
 There are many who, though they have insufficient 
 knowledge of the Latin tongue, would yet gladly learn 
 something of the history, culture, life, and thought of a 
 people that laid the foundations of modern civilization. For 
 Rome was not merely a great commonwealth, whose history 
 was full of grandeur and even of romance, but exercised and 
 still exercises, through her language and her laws, her 
 methods of administration and her general culture, an 
 influence which it would be hard to overestimate. She had 
 the field to herself during the ages when Greek was lost to 
 the western world, and, though not a little of her contribu- 
 tion to civilization was due ultimately to Greece, Hellenic 
 influence was for centuries indirect, while that of Rome was 
 continuous and direct. For those who cannot read Latin 
 there is still open a wide field of self-education in connexion 
 with the history, cultural and political, of ancient Rome, and 
 it is the aim of this pamphlet to suggest the lines on which 
 such study may be most easily and profitably pursued. 
 One warning is necessary. In the period during which 
 Roman literature flourished, Rome produced a great body 
 of writings which were destined profoundly to influence 
 posterity, and among her authors are a limited, but not 
 negligible, number who are without question of the first 
 rank. But it is hard for those to whom the originals are 
 
The Claim of Rome 19 
 
 inaccessible to form any just idea of the greatness of this 
 literature. The reason is simple ; there are very few trans- 
 lations which do justice to the originals. If, then, the list of 
 translations included in this bibliography is but small, and 
 if among them there be a considerable proportion to which 
 it is possible only to accord qualified praise, it must not 
 be assumed that Latin literature is to blame. It is, however, 
 to history in its widest sense that the student must in the 
 main turn his attention. If he approach the subject in the 
 right spirit, he should reap a worthy harvest. 
 
 The aim of the list of books which follows is to indicate 
 to such students the most important and accessible works 
 which deal in English with the many diverse aspects of 
 Roman civilization. Highly technical and specialized works 
 have as a rule been excluded, while considerations of price 
 have also had considerable influence upon the selection. 
 The number of books mentioned may seem alarming. The list 
 is intended to give a wide field of choice, while the comments 
 on the individual works are designed to give some guidance. 
 But for those who feel the need for more detailed and 
 restricted indications there are appended suggestions for 
 a short course of reading from which the student may gather 
 a good general understanding of Rome, her life and her 
 work, and lay a firm basis for further study should he desire 
 to pursue it in greater detail. 
 
20 The Claim of Rome 
 
 LIST OF BOOKS 
 
 See the Introductory Remarks on p. 5. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 I. Books of Reference, &c. ...... 20 
 
 II. Literature. General — Special — Translations : (i) Poets ; 
 
 (ii) Prose Authors . . * . . . . .20 
 
 III. History. Special Subjects : (i) Roman Britain; (ii) The 
 
 Roman and British Empires ; (iii) Christianity . -23 
 
 IV. Geography. See p. 15 supra. 
 
 V. Religion and Philosophy 27 
 
 VI. Art and Archaeology . . . . ; . .28 
 
 VII. Social Life , . 28 
 
 VIII. A suggested Short Course of Reading on Roman Civiliza- 
 tion ......... 29 
 
 For List of the principal series of translations see p. 7. 
 
 I. BOOKS OF REFERENCE, ETC. 
 
 Every student of Roman history should possess a good atlas ; the 
 best atlas is undoubtedly Murray s Small Classical Atlas edited by 
 G. B. Grundy (Murray. 9j-.). Amongst general books of reference 
 for the student of Roman civilization the most useful are the Companion 
 to Roman Studies edited by Sandys (Cambridge University Press, 3 5^.) 
 and the Companion to Roman History by H. Stuart Jones (Oxford 
 University Press. 17^'. 6d,) 
 
 Students will also find many excellent articles in the Encyclopaedia 
 Britannica, llth edn. 
 
 II. LITERATURE 
 
 GENERAL 
 
 J. W. Mackail, Latin Literature. (Murray, ^s.) 
 
 A brilliant sketch of the whole subject. 
 J. Wight DufF, A Literary History of the Roman People. (Fisher 
 Unwin. 21s.) 
 
 A good and more detailed account down to the close of the 
 Augustan period. 
 Dora Pym, Readings from the Literature of Ancient Rome in English 
 translations, (Harrap. 5j-.) 
 
Ljiterature 21 
 
 SPECIAL 
 
 T. R. Glover, Vtrgtl 2nd edn. (Methuen. ioj. 6^.) 
 
 An interesting criticism and exposition. 
 J. F. d'AIton, Horace and his Age, (Longmans. 6j.) 
 
 A good account of the literary world of the Augustan Age. 
 
 TRANSLATIONS 
 
 (i) Poets. 
 Lucretius, 
 
 W. E. Leonard. Everyman Library, (Dent. 2^.) 
 Sir Robert Allison. (Humphreys. 21^.) 
 
 Both verse translations. 
 W, H. Mallock, Lucretius on Life and Death. 2nd edn. (Adam 
 and Charles Black. 3J. 6d,) 
 
 A fine poetic summary in the metre of Omar Khayam. 
 Virgil. 
 
 Dryden. World! s Classics. (Oxford University Press. 2^.) 
 
 A translation in heroic couplets, but marred by frequent 
 faults of taste. 
 J. Rlioades, The Poems of Virgil. Worlds Classics. (Oxford 
 University Press. 2^".) 
 
 A skilful translation in blank verse. The Georgics extremely 
 good. The Aeneid very readable, keeping a good level, but 
 rarely rising to great heights. The version is very faithful and 
 is invaluable to students who know some Latin. 
 Fairfax Taylor, The Aeneid. Everyman Library. (Dent. 2j.) 
 A smooth and elegant translation in Spenserian stanzas. 
 Horace. 
 
 Odes, Selected translations by various authors. Temple Classics. 
 (Dent. 2J.) 
 W. S. Marris (with Latin text). - (Oxford University Press. 
 3^. 6J.) 
 
 Of these the former is of very varying merit, but contains 
 some very fine translations. The latter is vigorous and keeps 
 a good level. 
 Satires and Epistles. Conington. (Bell. 2s.) 
 
 A clever and readable translation in heroic couplets. 
 Juvenal, 
 
 Satires. Gilford. (BelL 6s.) [This volume in the Bohn Library 
 
2 2 The Claim of Rome 
 
 also contains a prose translation of Juvenal and a translation of 
 the Satires of Persius.] 
 
 A fluent and vigorous translation, giving a good idea of the 
 original. Students should also compare Johnson's London and 
 The Vanity of Human Wishes^ modernized paraphrases of Satires 
 3 and lo. 
 Miscellaneous. Fine translations of Juvenal^ Lucretius^ and Ovid are 
 also to be found in the Complete Works of Dry den. 
 
 (li) Prose Authors. 
 
 Cicero, 
 
 Orations of Cicero^ reprinted from Guthrie's translation : edited by 
 
 Fred W. Norris. Scott Library. (Walter Scott. 2s) 
 Essays and Letters. Everyman Library. (Dent. 2J-.) 
 
 G. E. Jeans, The Life and Letters of Marcus Tullius Cicero. (Mac- 
 millan. lis. 6d,) Translations of a selection of the Letters, 
 The complete correspondence of Cicero has been translated 
 by Shuckburgh in the Bohn Library (Bell. 4 vols. 6s. each). 
 George B. Gardiner, De Ojfficiis. (Methuen. 4^.) 
 Caesar. 
 
 Gallic War : translated by Rice Holmes (Macmillan. 5^. 6d.) or 
 
 by F. P. Long (Oxford University Press. 6s.), 
 Civil War : translated by F. P. Long (Oxford University Press. 
 6^.). 
 Livy, 
 
 Translated by W. M. Roberts, The History of Rome by Titus Livius. 
 Everyman Library. 4 vols, out of 5 are published. (Dent. 
 2s. a vol.) 
 
 Students may find it possible to consult in a Library the 
 admirable Elizabethan translation by Philemon Holland, 
 Tacitus. 
 
 The complete works have been translated by A. J. Church and 
 W. J. Brodribb. 3 vols. (Macmillan.) 
 The Annals. lOs. 
 The History, ys. 
 
 Agricola and Germany and the Dialogue on Oratory, ^s. 
 Annals, Translated in Everyman Library (Dent. 2s.) and by 
 G. G. Ramsay (Murray. 2 vols. 36^.). 
 
 The latter is the best translation with useful introduction and 
 notes. 
 Histories. Translated by G, G. Ramsay (Murray. iSj,) and by 
 W. H. Fyfe (Oxford University Press. 2 vols. lOs.). 
 
Literature 2 3 
 
 Agrtcola^ Germania^ and Dialogus, Translated by W. H. Fyfe. 
 (Oxford University Press. 6^.) 
 Pliny the Younger. The Letters. Translated by J. B. Firth. Scott 
 
 Library. (Walter Scott. 2 vols. 4J.) 
 Apuleius, The Metamorphoses or Golden Ass. Adlington's fine 
 Elizabethan version is republished in the Loeh Library (Heine- 
 mann. ioj.) 
 H. E. Butler. (Oxford University Press. 2 vols, ioj.) 
 
 A modern version. 
 The Apologia. Translated by H. E. Butler. (Oxford University 
 Press. 6^.) 
 
 A beautiful version of the story of Cupid and Psyche, which 
 is contained in the Golden Ass^ will be found in W. Pater's 
 novel Marius the Epicurean {Macmilhn. 2 vols. 15^.), which 
 gives a brilliant picture of intellectual life in the second century 
 
 A. D. 
 
 Epictetus. Translated by P. E. Matheson (Oxford University Press. 
 2 vols. 10^.); another translation in Everyman Library (Dent. 
 
 Marcus Aurelius. 
 
 Meditations, Translated by J. Jackson (Oxford University Press. 
 
 6 J.), or in the World's Classics (Oxford University Press. 2s.). 
 G. H. llendall, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to Himself: an English 
 
 Translation ^ith Introductory Study on Stoicism and the Last of 
 
 the Stoics (Macmillan), is out of print. 
 H. D. Sedgwick, Marcus Aurelius. (Oxford University Press. 
 
 lis. 6d.) 
 
 A valuable introduction. 
 
 Both Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius wrote in Greek, but 
 
 they give a noble picture of Stoicism as it influenced the noblest 
 
 thought of the Roman world. 
 
 III. HISTORY 
 
 THE SETTING OF ROMAN HISTORY 
 
 J. L. Myres, The Dawn of History, Home University Library, 
 (Williams & Norgate. 2s. 6d.) 
 Brief, brilliant, and suggestive. 
 J. H. Breasted, Ancient Times, (Ginn & Co. 8j. 6d.) 
 
 The best^ one-volume sketch of the general history of the ancient 
 world. 
 
24 The Claim of Rome 
 
 W. Warde Fowler, The City State of the Greeks and Romans. (Mac- 
 millan. 6j.) 
 
 A sound and interesting discussion of the characteristic features 
 of ancient democracies. 
 The Legacy of Rome. Edited by Cyril Bailey. In the press. (Oxford 
 University Press. 192.3.) 
 
 This will be parallel with The Legacy of Greece^ cf. p. 6. 
 
 OUTLINES OF ROMAN HISTORY 
 
 W. Warde Fowler, Rome, Home University Library. (Williams & 
 
 Norgate. 2s, 6d.) 
 
 An admirable, though very brief, introduction. 
 Henry F. Pelham, Outlines of Roman History. (Rivington. 7j.) An 
 
 excellent and more detailed outline of the political history of Rome. 
 
 [This book, revised by Conway and Stuart Jones, may also be 
 
 read under the heading Rome in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 
 
 nth edn.] 
 P. E. Matheson, The Growth of Rome, (Oxford University Press. 
 
 2s, 6d.) 
 
 An attempt to suggest some of the chief characteristics that give 
 
 its significance to the story of ancient Rome. To be read together 
 
 with a text-book of Roman history. 
 
 HISTORIES 
 
 J. L. Myres, History of Rome. (Rivington. 7^.) 
 
 On the whole the best of the many short histories of the Roman 
 Republic : it does not cover the period of the Roman Empire. 
 Theodor Mommsen, History of Rome. Everyman Library. (Dent. 
 4 vols. 2s, per vol.) 
 
 Still the one great history of the Roman Republic. The last 
 3 vols, will be found of special value. 
 Stuart Jones, The Roman Empire. Stories of the Nations. (Fisher 
 Unwin. 7^. 6d.) 
 
 The best brief sketch of the history of the Empire down to 
 A.D. 476. 
 Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vols, 
 i and ii. 
 
 This should be read in J. B. Bury's edition. (Methuen. ys, 6d, 
 per vol.). There is also a reprint without the notes in the Every- 
 man Library. (Dent. 2s. per vol.) 
 
 Gibbon's masterpiece is still indispensable. 
 
History 2 5 
 
 Theodor Mommsen, The Provinces of the Roman Empire, (2nd edn. 
 Macmillan. 25^). 
 
 For the study of Rome's organization of her empire. 
 Tenney Frank, Roman Imperialism (Macmillan. 13J.) is a very stimu- 
 lating and suggestive study of the expansion of Rome under the 
 Republic. 
 Tenney Frank, Economic History of Rome to the end of the Republic, ^ 
 (Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. [1920.] $2.50.) 
 
 There are admirable biographies of Caesar and Cicero in the Heroes 
 of the Nations Series (Putnam. iQs. 6d. each) by Warde Fowler and 
 Strachan Davidson, and in the same series J. B. Firth has written lives 
 of Augustus and Constantine, 
 
 Every student should read the Roman autobiographies in Plutarch's 
 Lives, Everyman Library, (Dent. 3 vols. 2s. per vol.) They are 
 full of charm and interest. 
 
 Roman administration and government in the provinces is a peculiarly 
 interesting and instructive subject : a good general introduction is 
 provided by T. W. Arnold's Roman Provincial Administration 
 (Black well, Oxford. 6s.), and E. S. Bouchier has written a series of 
 monographs including 
 
 Life and Letters in Roman Africa (Blackwell. 3 J. 6^.), 
 
 Spain under the Roman Empire (Blackwell. 5^-.), 
 
 Syria as a Roman Province (Blackwell. 6^.), 
 
 A Short History of Antioch (Blackwell. I2J. 6<i.), 
 while Rice Holmes has published a learned and interesting study of 
 Caesar's Conquest of Gaul (Oxford University Press. 25J.) 
 
 SPECIAL SUBJECTS 
 
 (i) Roman Britain. 
 
 F. Haverfield, The Romanixation of Roman Britain, (Oxford University 
 Press. Out of print.) 
 
 The best short study of Roman influence in Britain. 
 F. Haverfield (edited by George Macdonald), Roman Britain, [Pro- 
 fessor Haverfield's Ford Lectures enlarged and revised. In the 
 press. Oxford University Press. 1923.] 
 T. Rice Holmes, Ancient Britain, (Oxford University Press. 25^.) 
 
 A storehouse of learning. 
 Thomas Codrington, Roman Roads in Britain. (Society for Promoting 
 Christian Knowledge, los,) 
 
2 6 The Claim of Rome 
 
 C. W. C. Oman, England before the Norman Conquest, 4th edn. 
 (Methuen. 12s. 6cl.) 
 
 Contains a thoroughly interesting account of the Roman occupa- 
 tion of Britain. 
 J. C. Bruce, The Handhooh to the Roman Wall^ edited by R. Blair. 
 (Longmans. 2s. 6d.) 
 
 The British Museum Guide to the Antiquities of Roman Britain 
 {2s. 6d,) is very useful. 
 
 (ii) The Roman and British Empires, 
 
 Lord Bryce, The Roman and the British Empires, (Oxford University 
 Press. 8j. 6J.) 
 
 A suggestive comparison. 
 Lord Cromer, Ancient and Modern Imperialism, (Murray. 2s. 6d.) 
 An interesting discussion written by a modern statesman and 
 empire builder. 
 
 (iii) Christianity. 
 The best history of early Christianity is that of L. Duchesne 
 (3 vols.). Only the first two are translated into English under the 
 title Early History of the Christian Church. (Murray. I2s, each.) 
 H. M. Gwatkin's Church History to A. D. j/j (2nd edn. Macmillan. 
 
 2 vols. 21^".) is important since it throughout closely links together 
 
 the civil and religious history. 
 L. H. Canfield, The Early Persecutions of the Christians-=^ Columbia 
 
 University Studies in History^ Economics^ and Public Law, Vol. 
 
 Iv, no. 2 [1913]. $1.50. 
 
 All the authorities for the early persecutions down to the reign 
 
 of Hadrian are here translated. 
 B. J. Kidd, Documents illustrative of the History of the Church (vol. i to 
 
 A.D. 313). (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. ys.Sd.) 
 A valuable collection of translated texts. 
 
 Further for early Christian classics students should consult the admir- , 
 able series of Translations of Christian Literature published by the Society 
 for Promoting Christian Knowledge (see the Society's catalogue) at 
 various prices. There is a translation of TertuUian's Apology (with 
 Latin text) by Alex. Souter (Cambridge University Press. 12s, 6d.), 
 and there are two volumes of translations from Origen — the founder of 
 Christian philosophy — in the Ante-Nicene Library (T. & T. Clark. 6s. 
 a vol.), while selections from the works of Plotinus — the founder of 
 Christianity's great rival faith, Neoplatonism — are translated in the Bohn 
 Library, (Bell. 6j-.) 
 
27 
 
 IV. GEOGRAPHY 
 
 There is no good general book on the geography of Italy ; but see for 
 Mediterranean geography the books quoted on p. 15. 
 
 V. RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY 
 
 (a) Religion, 
 
 Cyril Bailey, Roman Religion. (Constable, is, 6d.) 
 
 An account of the early native religion of Rome ; brief but 
 excellent. 
 J. B. Carter, The Religious Life of Ancient Rome, (Constable. 
 lOs. 6 J.) 
 
 Lectures on Roman religion down to the time of Gregory the 
 Great. 
 T. R. Glover, The Conflict of Religions under the Roman Empire, 
 (Methuen. ioj. 6 J.) 
 
 A series of sympathetic studies. 
 Gilbert Murray, Four Stages of Greek Religion. (Oxford University 
 Press, ioj",) 
 
 The two last lectures admirably illustrate the influence of later 
 Greek thought upon philosophy and religion under the Roman 
 Empire. 
 Franz Cumont, Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism. (Open Court 
 Publishing Co., Chicago [191 1]. $2.) 
 
 (b) Philosophy. 
 
 Gilbert Murray, The Stoic Philosophy. (Conway Memorial Lecture. 
 Watts. 9^.) 
 
 Edwyn Bevan, Stoics and Sceptics. (Oxford University Press. 6s.) 
 
 Stoicism was the philosophy of the aristocratic world under the 
 early Empire. 
 
 Thomas Whittaker, The Neo-Platonlsts, (Cambridge University 
 Press, \2s. 6d.) 
 
 Neo-Platonism, the last great Pagan philosophy, was the rival 
 to Christianity in the third and fourth centuries. It is a diflficult 
 subject, but some acquaintance with it is essential for the compre- 
 hension of the transition from Paganism to Christianity within the 
 Roman Empire. 
 
2 8 The Claim of Rome 
 
 VL ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY 
 
 H. B. Walters, The Art of the Romans, (Methuen. l6s) 
 
 Well illustrated. 
 H. Stuart Jones, Architecture^ In Companion to Roman History, (Oxford 
 
 University Press. lyj. 6</) 
 Anderson and Spiers, The Architecture of Greece and Rome, (Batsford.) 
 
 A new edition is in preparation. 
 A. Mau, Pompeii^ its Life and Art. (Macmillan. Out of print.) 
 H. Stuart Jones, Classical Rome, Grant Allen s Historical Guides. 
 
 (Grant Richards. 4^. 6J.) 
 G, F, Hill, Historical Roman Coins. (Constable. JOs, 6d,) 
 
 [Many valuable books which are at present out of print can be 
 consulted in libraries ; among these may be mentioned : 
 Mrs. Strong, Roman Sculpture. (Duckworth.) 
 A. Hekler, Greek and Roman Portraits. (Heinemann.) 
 
 Admirable reproductions. 
 R. Lanciani, The Destruction of Ancient Rome. (Macmillan.)] 
 R. Lanciani, Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries, (Mac- 
 millan, New York. 42^.) 
 For early Christian ait the student should consult the British 
 Museum Guide to the early Christian and By%antine Antiquities. (2nd edn. 
 2s. 6d.) 
 
 VII. SOCIAL LIFE 
 
 W. Warde Fowler, Social Life at Rome in the Age of Cicero. (Mac- 
 millan. 12s. 6d,) 
 
 A delightful and most instructive book. 
 G. Boissier, Cicero and his Friends. (English translation published by 
 Innes in 1 897.) This charming study should if possible be read 
 in the original French. (Hachette, Paris, ca. 4J'.) 
 Samuel Dill, Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius. (Macmillan. 
 
 2nd edn, iSj*.) 
 Samuel Dill, Roman Society in the last Century of the Western Empire. 
 (Macmillan. New edn. I2j.) 
 
 (Full and interesting surveys of Roman society.) 
 A. F. Giles, Roman Civilization. (Seen through the Eye Series, Jack. 5 j.) 
 A well illustrated popular account of Roman life under the 
 Empire. 
 
Social Life 29 
 
 H. W. Johnston, The Private Life of the Romans. (Scott Foresman 
 
 & Co., Chicago and New York. [1903.] $1.50.) 
 A. S. Wilkins, Roman Education, (Cambridge University Press. 3^.) 
 
 A good summary. 
 John W. H. Walden, The Universities of Ancient Greece, (Routledge. 
 
 For the most part a description of University Life under the 
 Roman Empire. 
 The British Museum Guide to the Exhibition illustrating Greek and 
 Roman Life [zs. 6d,) is a mine of information. 
 
 For the social life of the Roman Empire the student may also 
 consult L. Friedlander, Roman Life and Manners under the Early 
 Empire, 3 vols. (Routledge. 7j. 6d. each. Vol. IV. Appendices 
 and Notes, I Os.) 
 
 VIII. A SUGGESTED SHORT COURSE OF 
 READING ON ROMAN CIVILIZATION 
 
 J. L. Myres, The Dawn of History, Home University Library, 
 (Williams & Norgate. 2s. 6d.) 
 
 W. Warde Fowler, Rome, (do. 2s. 6d.) 
 
 Tenney Frank, Roman Imperialism, (Macmillan. l^s,) 
 
 Th. Mommsen, History of Rome, Vols. 3 and 4. Everyman Library. 
 (Dent. 2s. each vol.) 
 
 H. Stuart Jones, The Roman Empire. Stories of the Nations, (Fisher 
 Unwin. ys. 6d.) 
 
 W. Warde Fowler, Social Life at Rome in the Age of Cicero, (Mac- 
 millan. I2s. 6d.) 
 
 T. R. Glover, The Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire. 
 (Methuen. lOs. 6d) 
 
 J. W. Mackail, Roman Literature. (Murray, ^s.) 
 
30 
 
 Particulars of the principal organizations designed to further 
 
 the study of the Classics in Great Britain. . 
 
 The Hellenic Society has a well equipped Library and very large 
 collections of lantern slides, to which have recently been added special 
 sets of slides for lectures, accompanied in each case by a text written in 
 popular form by a competent authority. It publishes the premier Journal 
 of Classical Archaeology in England, the Journal of Hellenic Studies^ 
 free to subscribers. 
 
 Address for particulars : — 
 The Librarian 
 
 John Penoyre Esq., C.B.E. 
 
 19 Bloomsbury Square, W.C. i. 
 Entrance Fee £1. is. 
 Subscription £1, is. 
 
 The Roman Society shares on equal terms the Library and slide 
 collections named above. It publishes the leading Journal on Roman 
 Archaeology, the Journal of Roman Studies., free to members. 
 
 Address for particulars : — 
 
 R. Gardner Esq., M.C., 
 
 Emmanuel College, 
 Cambridge. 
 Subscription £1. is. 
 
 The Classical Association seeks to further classical studies both 
 Greek and Roman. Members receive its Proceedings free. 
 
 Address for particulars : — 
 
 H. Ormerod Esq., M.C., 
 The University, 
 Liverpool. 
 Subscription 5^. 
 
 ' .*. All these bodies hold meetings for their members either quarterly 
 or as announced. 
 
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