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 Ubc fIDunicipal Hrcbitecture of Boston 
 
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 Byzantine Carved Panels. 
 
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 of the buildings, — more than eighty in number, — designed by Mr. Wheel- 
 wright during his term of office. It is fully illustrated with plans, working 
 and detail drawings and with heliotype plates, 15 bv 20 inches in size, from 
 photographs by Soderholtz. 
 
 No archiiect needs to be told of the success which has attended Mr. Wheelwright's administration 
 ot the office of City Architect in Boston. Many of the buildings he has designed have become models of 
 their kind. For architects who undertake public work of any description, and for commissioners and 
 other officials entrusted with the erection of public buildings, this is an invaluable reference-book. It is 
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 construction. Twenty-five plates, printed in colors, inclosed in a portfolio. 
 
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 made expressly lor this work, and enclosed in a cloth portfolio. 
 
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 Hitherto Mr. Kirby's published work has suffered from too great reduction; and to give these dr.iwings 
 their full value, we have reproduced them upon plates of a size which has made it possible to retain the 
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 Charles and Beacon Streets, Boston (McKim, Mead & White), two views; Hotel Renaissance, New 
 York (Clarence Luce), cornice ; Pope Building, Boston (Peabody & Stearns), two views; Shoe and 
 Leather Exchange, Boston (Hartwell & Richardson), cornice; Taylor Building, Boston (Hartwell & 
 Richardson), two views; Building on South Street, Boston (Chamberlin & Whidden), cornice; Fisk 
 Building, Boston (Peabody & .Stearns), uppier portion: Insurance Building, Boston, upper portion and 
 cornice; Auchmuiy Building, Boston (Winslow & Wetherell), cornice. 
 
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 15rociii;re a prize of $15.00, for the best cover design for a forthcoming novel. The title of 
 this novel is "A Volunteer of Dauphignv ;" its scene is laid in France and Italy during 
 the 161I1 century. 
 
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 vide spaces for the name of the author and the name of the publishers. In these spaces the 
 designer is at liberty to insert supposititious names. 
 
 1RulC6 6ovcnuiu3 tbc Coiupctition. 
 
 1. All drawings in Competition "B" must be received on or before January 15, 1S9S, at 
 the otllce of Bates bi. Guild Company, 13 Exchange St., Boston. 
 
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 Ubc ©nc3inal IRotunba 
 of tbc ITlniversit^ of IDiroinia 
 
 was built by Thomas Jefferson, and is supposed to be one-third the scale of the Pantheon. The 
 building, together with a large addition which was made in recent years, was burned about two years 
 ago. The only part of the original building now shown is the main circular wall of the rotunda, 
 which shows in the photograph. 
 
 The work of remodelling the building was entrusted to Messrs. McKim, Mead & White, who 
 remodelled the porticoes and dome, added two new terrace rooms and developed the architectural scheme, 
 of which the south front is shown in the illustration. 
 
 All of the plain and ornamental cement work on this building, as well as the three large buildings at 
 the opposite end of the lawn, was done by us. On the rotunda we made the cement balustrades, steps 
 and bulkheads, the large columns shown in the photograph, the pavings, the Keene's Cement circular 
 balustrade on the interior, and the colonnades which connect the terraces. Nearly all of our work at the 
 University of Virginia is of an ornamental character; some of it light and intricate, some of it heavy. 
 
 XTbC /IDillS IbOUSC in New York, designed by Mr. Flagg, shows an entirely different class of 
 our work — fireproofing with expanded metal, concrete floors, solid partitions, etc. 
 
 Ht tbe Xarge SUtjar IReflnerg in Long island city, we are building the heavy tloors 
 of the sugar warehouses and the manufacturing plant. 
 
 ■ffn tbe :l6iUGbamptOn Cit)? 1l3all we are doing the ornamental and expanded metal 
 work, the partitions and the fireproofing. 
 
 ®U Boston Common we did a good part of the paving over the Subway. 
 
 XTbe above gives a fair IDea of tbe class of work we are Doing. 
 
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 Tt)e derqarid for tl^e beailtiful in Hard- 
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 wt|ose goods are artistic iri desigri, rigt\t 
 ir| proportions, arid rr|ade for ilsefiilriess 
 as Well as beaUty. Tl^e corqbiriatiori of 
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 produces trinqrqirigs tl:\at coriforrq to tl\e 
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 Ot\ tY\e following pages are sl^own four 
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 Tl|ese four designs, as Well as inany 
 otl)ers, are beautifully illustrated and fully 
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 Upon application to Sargent Sl Co,, at trieir 
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>.-.^--^^^4g- ^,:^ _i 
 
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 XVI 
 
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 R. T. Design. — Sargent's Artistic Hardware, 
 
 R. Design. Sargent's Artistic Hardware. 
 
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 that the door does not 
 have to be slammed, nor 
 stand ajar, but latches gently as it is closed. This 
 is accomplished by using a good stiff spiral spring, 
 with a long leverage for the Latch Bolt, and a direct 
 pull for the Knob, thus producing the desirable com- 
 
 £"05/ on the Latch Bolt, 
 
 Firm on the Knob. 
 
 The Spring is arranged to work in a direct line, and is so 
 placed that it stands clear from all obstruction and avoids all 
 friction. It cannot rub on the case, and it is impossible for it 
 to bow or to get out of position. Working in a direct line, and 
 so short a distance, without friction, gives great durability — no 
 springs to be replaced, nothing to get out of order. 
 
 bi nation of 
 
 ¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥ 
 
^"V Vi 
 
 MARK SKINNER MEMORIAL LIBRARY, MANCHESTER, VT. 
 Stickney &. Austin, Architects, Boston and Lowell. 
 
 TWlt- 
 
 MILLICENT LIBRARY, FAIRHAVEN, MASS. 
 Chas. Brighann, Architect, Boston, Mass. 
 
nu/»ARD WHITTEMORE MEMORIAL LlbRARv, ImAUGATUCK, CONN. 
 McKim, Mead Sc White, Architects, New York. 
 
 LIBRARY AT PETERSHAM, MASS. 
 Stone, Carpenter & Willson, Architects, Providence, R.I. 
 
LIBRARY AT SALISBURY, CONN. 
 Stone, Carpenter & WiHson, Architects, Providence R.I. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY, TOLEDO, OHIO. 
 E. O. Failis, Architect, Toledo. 
 
REDWOOD LIBRARY, NEWPORT, R.I. 
 
 
 AMES MEMORIAL LIBRARY NORTH EASTON, MASS. 
 H. H. Richardson. Architect. 
 
■^^\:-^M^^^<a 
 
%1^ 
 
 SCHOOL 
 
 
 I ^ 
 
 --^ 
 
 1-r--^-t— t- 
 
 LXXXI. 
 Library of St. Mark, Venice. 
 
' tmf'w'M '\i 
 
 i-'S--^'. . K '?2:-l. . 
 
 C/ 
 
 The Brochure Series 
 
 OF architectural illustration. 
 
 Vol. III. 
 
 NOVEMBER, 1897. 
 
 No. II 
 
 LIBRARY architecture. 
 
 By Russell Sturgis. 
 
 BOOKS are thought hy many to 
 form the most beautiful wall 
 decoration which a room can 
 receive. Not only to the lover 
 of books are books delightful ; 
 their marshalled ranks, uniformed in 
 morocco, dark brown, dark red, scarlet, 
 green, — in hog-skin, in vellum and in 
 calf; prettily contrasting in color and 
 harmonized by the free use of gold, — 
 this display, indeed, is one of the most 
 comely things with which a wall sur- 
 face can be adorned. Many a working 
 library, however, is devoid of this 
 charm. Mr. Darwin's workroom, with 
 its piles of herbaria and dossiers lying 
 flat on shelves with tags hanging out, 
 and his books treated as " mere topis 
 of his trade," torn in two when the 
 volumes were too heavy — such a 
 library, hov^^ever noble and even awe- 
 inspiring when the pervading spirit of 
 the room has worked upon the be- 
 holder, is yet quite out of the line of 
 decorative effect. But no one can be 
 insensible to the beauty of a well- 
 ordered display of books, even when 
 the workman is among his books and 
 the shelves show many a gap where 
 volumes are temporarily out of place 
 and in active use. In like manner, in 
 the great libraries of Europe : the long 
 row of halls filled by " The King's 
 Library" in the British Museum, is as 
 charming to walk through as the pic- 
 
 ture galleries of the Louvre. The 
 Royal Library in the Hofburg, at 
 Vienna, while richly adorned in an 
 architectural way, is splendid, also, in 
 its wall surfaces covered closely with 
 well-bound volumes which tell a tale 
 of ancient learning, and the library at 
 St. Gallen is one of the most brilliantly 
 successful pieces of decoration for a 
 small and low public hall that has yet 
 been devised. The books ! They con- 
 stitute the main feature of the scheme 
 for the adornment of these ancient halls 
 of learning. 
 
 Not that there has been neglect of 
 the architectural features which, accord- 
 ing to the ancient standard in such 
 matters, should set oft' the books. The 
 libraries we have named above, atVienna 
 and at St. Gallen, are famous instances of 
 that. The Radclifte Library at Ox- 
 ford is more severely architectural than 
 they, in that it reflects the severe Pal- 
 ladianism of England as against the 
 excessive baroque of the German inte- 
 riors ; and the magnificent carved wood 
 fittings of certain rooms of the National 
 Library in Paris are worthy of the 
 most careful study by those who wish 
 to adorn the richer interiors of our own 
 time. 
 
 The interior of the Vatican l^ibrary, 
 that is to say of those rooms which con- 
 stitute " the gallery" or the Library of 
 Sixtus v., is decorated with the most 
 
-mr^M^i^ 
 
 /L 
 
 Ht^ 4 
 
 THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 167 
 
 superb inlaying of its cases and painting 
 of its vaults. The splendid library at 
 Grenoble, lighted by a system of domes 
 resting on pendentifs, has a decoration 
 partly of books and partly of architectu- 
 ral treatment. 
 
 The modern library, however, when 
 it is of any pretensions to size and sys- 
 tem, disregards both these means of 
 adornment. Neither the books nor yet 
 the architectural fitting up of book- 
 rooms are now in place. More scien- 
 tific consideration of the problem has 
 relegated the books to fireproof ware- 
 houses where they, the books, may be 
 arranged as systematically as may be 
 desired and without any loss of space ; 
 where the passages are narrow and are 
 visited by the attendants of the library 
 alone ; where height from floor to 
 floor, — that is to say, between galleries 
 — is only such as allows the attendant 
 to reach eveiy shelf without leaving his 
 stand upon the floor ; where, in short, 
 the books are stacked literally, and 
 where the names " stack" and " stack- 
 room " accurately describe the placing 
 of the volumes of which the library is 
 composed. Special volumes may, in- 
 deed, be required for exhibition. A 
 painted miniature, a rare plate, a rich 
 binding, may all need to be shown to 
 the public, and for that purpose to be 
 put under glass exactly as any other 
 precious work of art of small size 
 would be prepared for exhibition. But 
 these are separated from their fellows 
 and do not share in the general storage 
 of the library, the books of which are 
 there for easy access and rapid delivery 
 to persons requiring them, and not for 
 show at all. 
 
 The modern library, then, consists 
 of a stackroom, which is a mere place 
 of storage with convenient access to 
 every corner and every remotest shelf; 
 and of rooms for other purposes than 
 storage, which are rooms in no way 
 remarkable in themselves or distinct 
 from the rooms of other public buiid- 
 inss. The exterior of the stackroom 
 lends itself, indeed, to very unusual 
 architectural treatment and of this, 
 anon. The exterior of the other parts 
 of the building does not differ really 
 from the exterior of a city hall or a 
 State house of size comparable to that 
 
 of the library itself. The reading-room 
 for the general public is, perhaps, the 
 largest necessary room. Special read- 
 ing-rooms come next, — that is to say, 
 the rooms in which certain particular 
 lines of study may be more quietly pur- 
 sued than in the larger room. There 
 is also, perhaps, a delivery room, where 
 books which are allowed to be taken 
 away from the building are delivered 
 to applicants, and the same room serves 
 for the return of books brought back. 
 These are the rooms which would 
 naturally be treated in a dignified way, 
 with high ceilings and with large win- 
 dows for the free admission of light, at 
 once, and for stately effect also, both 
 within and without. These rooms 
 naturally fill the more important sto- 
 ries, and their windows occupy the 
 more important part of the exterior 
 fenestration. Packing-rooms, bindery- 
 rooms, rooms for the cataloguers, are 
 numerous according to the size of the 
 library, but the public has no need of 
 access to them, and it seems inevitable 
 that they should occupy basement or 
 attic stories, or should front on a court : 
 it being always provided that they have 
 abundant light for the necessary carry- 
 ing on of the continuous, day-long work 
 which a large library requires. If, 
 indeed, a library has among its treas- 
 ures, books, prints and maps which 
 should be displayed as works of art, 
 separate rooms for this purpose may 
 well be added, and the library becomes, 
 in part at least, a musevmi of art. The 
 distinction is not well maintained, and 
 cannot be, in small libraries, where, 
 indeed, the reading-room must serve 
 also as a place of exhibition; but a 
 large library should have the rooms 
 for exhibition specially set apart for 
 that purpose, because of the great an- 
 noyance to students caused by the com- 
 ing and going of sight-seeing visitors. 
 As the illustrations of this number 
 are chieffy views of exteriors, we are 
 brought now to the consideration of 
 what are the exterior effects natural to, 
 and proper for, a large library, but it 
 appears that no one of our illustrations 
 shows the exterior of a stackroom. 
 This part of the library building, its 
 very centre and reason for being, has 
 been better treated, perhaps, in the 
 
"wmr^^Msf^:^^:.^^' 
 
 ir^ijc 
 
 THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 169 
 
 Congressional Library at Washington, 
 than anywhere else. At least, no other 
 instance comes to mind where so intel- 
 ligent an arrangement of the lighting 
 has been made. It is easy to put your 
 books in the basement and to give 
 them nothing but electric light, but 
 that is not to face the difficulty or to 
 solve the problem. If it be assumed 
 that daylight is, on the whole, better 
 and more wholesome, as it is certainly 
 cheaper than electric light, then a w'ell 
 windowed stackroom is better than a 
 dark one. The stackrooms at Wash- 
 ington, are, indeed, left in the interior, 
 and the light comes to them from 
 courts, from which alone their outer 
 walls can be seen ; but the treatment 
 of these has been shown in this instance 
 to be so easily made architectural that 
 it is quite within possibility that a 
 future great library will show the stack- 
 rooms as a part of its adorned exterior. 
 As for the other rooms of the library, 
 they can be put off with no characteris- 
 tic treatment at all, as in the great 
 National Library at Paris, or they can 
 be treated without significance, with 
 two long rows of round arched win- 
 dows, as in the Royal Library at 
 Munich. Or thev can be gathered 
 round a great rotunda and help but- 
 tress its dome, as in the Library of 
 Columbia University, — that is to say, 
 they can be treated in a wholly abstract 
 way. The Library of St. Genevieve, 
 at Paris, was especially arranged to 
 show its books in the interior of a great 
 hall, and the system of small windows 
 below^ and large windows above was 
 especially arranged for this ; the large 
 windows opening into the great hall 
 above its wall of books. It has, how- 
 ever, been found perfectly feasible to 
 apply this exterior, with but the slight- 
 est modifications, to the exterior of the 
 public librarv at Boston, which has in 
 its interior no approach whatever to 
 the dispositions and arrangements of 
 the Paris institution. This example 
 seems to show how devoid of charac- 
 teristic features the exterior of a library 
 may be. The great library of the 
 British Museum has no architectural 
 exterior at all, as it is lost in the mass 
 of buildings whose onlv face toward 
 the world is the well known colon- 
 
 nade, which has neither beginning nor 
 end, nor relation to the structure it 
 adorns. The Royal Library at Stutt- 
 gart and the Ducal Library at Wolfen- 
 biittel have agreeably disposed exteriors 
 in the modern classic taste, the former 
 being especially fortunate in the im- 
 mense amount of light given to its 
 interior. The same characteristic, that 
 of abundant light, is found in the new 
 public library at Chicago, but this char- 
 acteristic, that of having abundant day- 
 light furnished to their interiors, should 
 be the characteristic of every public 
 building, and no one of the structures 
 last above named, can be said to differ 
 in any way from wdiat a building for 
 public offices would be. 
 
 The purpose of these remarks is to 
 point out that as yet no special charac- 
 teristic of a library exterior can be said 
 to exist. You provide large rooms and 
 small rooms, you arrange them accord- 
 ing to the best judgment of the director 
 and the architect for convenience of 
 daylight work ; you open windows 
 where they are most needed, and you 
 compose such an exterior as seems to 
 result from the circumstances of the 
 case, but it would be a very exalted and 
 very mystical sense of inner fitness in 
 the design which would attempt to dis- 
 criminate between the outside of the 
 modern library and the outside of a 
 public building of totally different pur- 
 poses. 
 
 All except the stackroom ! That, 
 indeed, may be as refreshing a prob- 
 lem for the hard-witted architect to 
 struggle with as he is liable to meet 
 with in the busy modern world. If a 
 great library building should ever be 
 planned with strict regard to utility — 
 that is to say, with strict regard to 
 common sense — it may well be that 
 the reading-rooms will be within and 
 shut oft' from every noise, as the read- 
 ing-rooms of the great libraries in 
 London and in Paris are. If, then, the 
 stackrooms should be arranged along 
 the exterior, enclosing the courts which 
 give light to the reading-rooms within, 
 a really interesting problem of design- 
 ing would be given the architect, and 
 then, indeed, the library would grow 
 to have an architectural physiognomy 
 of its ow^n. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 171 
 
 Plates. 
 
 The series of illustrations given in 
 this issue is of necessity extremely 
 heterogeneous. In order to give a 
 comprehensive collection of the princi- 
 pal or typical libraries, both past and 
 present, it was considered desirable to 
 show as great a number of buildings, 
 and from as many countries and periods 
 as possible. With this purpose in view 
 the two Italian libraries from Venice 
 and Rome begin the list. These are 
 more archives than what we consider 
 libraries in the modern sense. There 
 is nothing in the least distinctive of the 
 purpose for which they are now used 
 in the plan or the architectural treat- 
 ment of the exterior or interior of 
 either one. 
 
 As we come down to more recent 
 times the British Museum and Rad- 
 clifte Library at Oxford still retain 
 something of the character of a treasure 
 house although they are both working 
 libraries. 
 
 Later still come the library of Ste. 
 Genevieve, and the school libraries of 
 the Ecole des Beaux- Arts and the Ecole 
 de Medecine with a treatment of facade 
 similar to that of Ste. Genevieve, which 
 despite the criticism of Mr. Sturgis in 
 the previous pages, has become a 
 thoroughly and easily recognized archi- 
 tectural treatment, the reasonable and 
 natural result of practical conditions. 
 
 This arrangement of a library build- 
 ing in which the second floor is used 
 as a reading-room has many arguments 
 in its favor, especially in libraries of 
 moderate size. When this plan is 
 adopted the design of the facade follows 
 as a matter of course. Difllised light 
 from above is desirable in a reading- 
 room, and where book-cases or alcoves 
 are arranged about this room it is 
 perfectly reasonable that the lower 
 portions of the windows should be 
 filled with a curtain wall. There may 
 be important dift'erences in the arrange- 
 ment of the large reading-rooms referred 
 to by Mr. Sturgis, but in all these 
 cases there is a general resemblance in 
 the fact that the second floor (or cer- 
 tainly the portion lighted by the win- 
 dows in the fa9ade) is given almost 
 
 exclusively to a large reading-room. 
 The arcaded treatment of the fagade 
 seems to express this very clearly, and 
 the lower story with its stronger walls 
 and smaller window openings is an 
 equally logical expression of the pur- 
 pose of the interior which is given up 
 to working rooms which naturally re- 
 quire less light, and are of less relative 
 importance in the general scheme of 
 the building. 
 
 The small special libraries shown in 
 the remaining plates are so simple in 
 treatment and involve so few difliculties 
 in planning that they hardly require 
 separate consideration. 
 
 LXXXI. 
 LIBRARY OF ST. MARK, VENICE. 
 
 This is justly considered one of the 
 masterpieces of Italian Renaissance 
 architecture, and is without doubt the 
 masterpiece of its architect, Sansovino. 
 It stands on the Piazetta, facing the 
 Ducal Palace, and its position, as well 
 as numerous points of similarity in 
 design, suggest the comparison of the 
 two buildings so dissimilar in style. 
 Fergusson points out the features in 
 which one or the other seems to him 
 to excel. Architecturally, this is a 
 most instructive comparison. Those 
 who wish to follow it for themselves 
 can find a section of the arcade of the 
 Ducal Palace illustrated in Vol. L, No. 
 I, of The Brochure Series. 
 
 LXXXII. 
 LIBRARY OF THE VATICAN, ROME. 
 
 The Vatican Library was founded 
 by Pope Hilaire I., in the fifth century, 
 and has been enlarged by each of his 
 successors. It occupies one of the 
 wings of the Vatican Palace adjoining 
 the museum and the portion of the 
 building designed by Bramante. The 
 books are aiTanged in closed cases 
 standing against the piers and walls. 
 The decorations are of the richest type 
 of the Italian Renaissance. 
 
 LXXXIII. 
 
 LIBRARY AND MUSEUM, GRENOBLE, FRANCE. 
 
 The library portion of this building 
 is on the side hidden from view. The 
 design is that of M. Charles Questel. 
 
LXXXV. 
 Library of Ste. Genevieve, Paris. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 173 
 
 LXXXIV. 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE ECOLE DE MEDECINE, PARIS. 
 
 The modern fa(;ade towards the 
 Boulevard is bv Giiiain, and one of 
 the most interesting examples of recent 
 French architecture. 
 
 LXXXV. 
 
 LIBRARY OF STE. GENEVIEVE, PARIS. 
 
 This is the design of M. Henri 
 Lebrouste. 
 
 LXXXVI. 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE ECOLE DES BEAUX-ARTS, PARIS. 
 
 This portion of the buildings of the 
 school was designed by the architect, 
 Duban. 
 
 National Library in Paris and in the 
 Library of Congress in Washington. 
 
 LXXXVIII. 
 RADCLIFFE LIBRARY, OXFORD. 
 
 This building was designed by James 
 Gibbs, one of the ablest and most noted 
 English architects of the eighteenth 
 century. Fegusson selects this as one 
 of the two buildings upon which Gibbs' 
 fame rests, although he points out that 
 it is most conspicuously lacking in the 
 expression of the purpose for which it 
 was built. In many respects, espe- 
 cially from the utilitarian point of view, 
 it must be considered a failure. 
 
 Queens College Library, 
 
 LXXXVII. 
 THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON. 
 
 ■ Although an interesting and impres- 
 sive example of the classic revival, this 
 building, designed by Robert and Sid- 
 ney Smirke, has been as severely criti- 
 cized as any building in modern times. 
 Its main fault is the disregard of the 
 requirements for which it was intended ; 
 and its principal merit, aside from its 
 imposing peristyle, is the great domed 
 reading-room occupying the central 
 court, originally intended to be open. 
 This arrangement of a central circular 
 reading-room has been followed in the 
 
 Oxford, England 
 
 LXXXIX 
 LIBRARY OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD. 
 
 XC. 
 LIBRARY OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 This is from the design of Sir Chris- 
 topher Wren. The exterior facing on 
 the courtyard is very efiective, and re- 
 calls in massing and proportions the 
 design of the Library of St. Mark in 
 Venice. 
 
 xci. 
 
 BODLEYAN LIBRARY, OXFORD. 
 
 XCII. 
 
 THE NATIONAL LIBRARY, BERLIN. 
 
_: < 
 
 > X 
 
 X 3 
 
PLANNING A LIBRARY. 
 
 FROM THE LIBRARIAN'S POINT OF VIEW. 
 
 Bv William E. Foster, 
 Librarian of the Providence^ R.T., Public Library. 
 
 IT is certainly well to recognize that 
 the "points of view" of the 
 architect and the librarian are 
 distinct from each other, but it 
 would be a misfortune to regard 
 them as necessarily antagonistic to each 
 other. On the 
 contrary, the re- 
 lation existing 
 between the two, 
 while planning a 
 library building, 
 might well be re- 
 garded as a kind 
 of temporary 
 partnership 
 which had been 
 entered into for 
 the accomplish- 
 ment of a given 
 end. In the satis- 
 faction of attain- 
 ing that end, they 
 both share; — 
 that is to say, in 
 securing such a 
 building as meets 
 most fully the de- 
 mands alike of 
 artistic and of 
 practical consid- 
 erations. If we 
 may regard the 
 architect as 
 
 being, — for the purposes under consid- 
 eration, — the " spokesman " for his art, 
 which he does well to regard as a jeal- 
 ous mistress, and the librarian as the 
 "spokesman" for the practical needs 
 of the library's future users, it is obvious 
 that nothing will be gained on either 
 side by resting satisfied with a low 
 aim, or by stating the demands of the 
 opposing considerations in any other 
 than their maximum terms. It is the 
 "resultant" of the two which will 
 take form in the completed building. 
 
 Doorway, Ecole de Medecine, Paris. 
 
 To state the matter from the libra- 
 rian's point of view, therefore, it may 
 be said that the architect is entitled to 
 precise information as to what the 
 librarian would prefer to have, if he 
 could get it. This is entirely reason- 
 able, since the de- 
 tails of a library 
 building are only 
 "incidental" with 
 the architect, 
 just as indeed 
 the "building" 
 phase of library 
 work is only inci- 
 dental with the 
 librarian. This 
 knowledge of 
 practical needs 
 cannot easily be 
 made too definite 
 or too precise, 
 and it will be use- 
 ful to glance at 
 some of the pro- 
 cesses by which 
 the librarian him- 
 self will need to 
 arrive at it, before 
 he can impart it 
 to the architect. 
 Like most first- 
 hand knowledge, 
 it is chiefly the 
 result of personal observations which 
 have been made, noted, and compared. 
 But a. prudent librarian will not fail to 
 verify and correct his own observa- 
 tions by those of others, whether em- 
 bodied in print, or obtained through 
 comparing notes, verbally, with other 
 librarians, or with members of his own 
 start", or with othei^ who have ob- 
 served carefully. Even an apparent 
 misfortune such as an unduly prolonged 
 stay in a building with exceptionally 
 unfavorable conditions, while waiting 
 
> E 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 177 
 
 for a new building, may be utilized in a 
 more effectual avoidance of these con- 
 ditions in the new building. It is he 
 who knows ^' where the shoe pinches" 
 that can best suggest a change ; and 
 in the steps leading to the planning 
 of all such details as lighting, heating, 
 ventilation, protection from fire, pro- 
 tection from noise, protection from 
 dust and, above all, convenient arrange- 
 ment, such an experience ought to 
 count. It is always to be borne in 
 mind that it is the convenience of the 
 readers rather than that of the em- 
 ployees that the 
 planning of a 
 library building 
 takes into ac- 
 count. Certain 
 "• time-sa vi ng" 
 details of library 
 arrangement 
 have sometimes 
 been discussed as 
 if they had chief 
 or exclusive ref- 
 erence to the 
 "time" of the 
 employees. On 
 the contrary, the 
 time of the em- 
 ployees is not 
 their own, but 
 belongs to the 
 public, and if by 
 a faulty arrange- 
 ment any of their 
 time is unneces- 
 sarily or unduly 
 wasted, it is the 
 public that will 
 pay the penalty 
 in a more tedious wait, or a lengthened 
 journey. For the readers, therefore, 
 the librarian stands as " spokesman," 
 in the steps leading to the planning of 
 the building. 
 
 When, however, the librarian has 
 availed himself of every conceivable 
 opportunity for securing the observa- 
 tions needed, and has intelligently and 
 patiently digested the results, it is a 
 question how best to make this informa- 
 tion available. There is no method 
 which can compare, in definiteness and 
 in effectiveness, with that of drawing a 
 plan to a scale. The librarian does 
 
 Doorway of Ste. Genevieve Paris. 
 
 not here enter the domam of the archi- 
 tect, — a practice to which every sound 
 principle is opposed. On the contrary, 
 by thus outlining the rooms of the 
 future building, — roughly, to be sure, 
 but with essential accuracy, since the 
 dimensions are drawn to a scale, — he 
 simply clarifies his own ideas of the 
 requirements involved. A single one 
 of these plans, however, is not enough. 
 Let him decide on the total number of 
 rooms which will be included, as 
 twenty or more. Then let him en- 
 deavor to free his mind of all precon- 
 ceived ideas, and 
 rearrange these 
 twenty separate 
 rooms, — s om e- 
 what as a child 
 might rearrange 
 the blocks of his 
 toy block house, 
 — in every con- 
 ceivable order, 
 on the mathemat- 
 ical principle of 
 " permutations," 
 In drawing anew 
 outline plan for 
 each one of these 
 successive rear- 
 rangements, he 
 will findthat 
 some will at once 
 show themselves 
 to be wholly in- 
 compatible with 
 the requirements, 
 but if he carefully 
 redraws the 
 others, in detail, 
 shifting a given 
 room troni one end of the build- 
 ing to the other, or even, in some 
 instances, from one floor to another, — 
 he will be surprised at the new light 
 which will thus break in on his mind. 
 Certain relations or juxtapositions which 
 had been tacitly assumed to be necessary 
 and obvious now no longer seem so 
 " obvious." Should this prolonged and 
 minute comparison of relations lead the 
 librarian to the selection of one of the 
 numerous rearrangements, as express- 
 ing, on the whole, a maximum of agree- 
 ment with the given requirements, this 
 is still not something to be regarded as 
 
LXXXVIII. 
 Radcliffe Library, Oxford, England. 
 
rilE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 179 
 
 a " plan," proper. It merely serves as 
 "materials" for answering the in- 
 quiries of the architect. It is, as 
 already indicated above, what the li- 
 brarian would prefer to have, //" //<■ 
 coiiJd get it ; and he is therefore not 
 unprepared for the inevitable deduc- 
 tions, diminutions and modifications. 
 But these modifications are factors 
 which must in any case be allowed for, 
 and it is consequently only a "result- 
 ant " of the various competing tenden- 
 cies which the instructed librarian 
 expects to get. Nor does he regard his 
 own interpretation of the apparently 
 best arrangement as final. This field, 
 — that of arrangement," — is indeed one 
 in which it is peculiarly needtul for 
 the librarian to familiarize himself with 
 the minutest details, even including the 
 location of the book-cases, the furni- 
 ture, etc. ; yet arrangement is some- 
 thing that belongs, as truly as does 
 design, within the province of the 
 architect. Moreover, while the libra- 
 rian will do well to exercise, whenever 
 possible, " the scientific use of the 
 imagination," this is, with him, only 
 "an incident," while with the archi- 
 tect it is a part of his life-long training. 
 Surely any client, — whether a libra- 
 rian or not, — who should neglect to 
 profit by these fruits of his architect's 
 facility and insight, would show a 
 strange blindness, to say the least. 
 
 Before considering his own task com- 
 plete, however, the librarian shoultl 
 thoroughly inform himself on some of 
 the points named below. With a view 
 to the demands of future extension, he 
 will need not only to consider the, size 
 of his lot, and that of the adjoining lots, 
 and the probable annual rate of increase 
 of his volumes, but also to map out the 
 actual lines on which the future addi- 
 tions to the building must apparently 
 run and yet violate no principle of con- 
 venient arrangement. He needs also 
 to take into account economy of time 
 and space, from the reader's point of 
 view, wherever possible. "A straight 
 line," it is never to be forgotten, "is 
 the shortest distance between two 
 points," and the relation of the place 
 where the books are, to the place where 
 the reader is, should always illustrate 
 this principle. It is in connection with 
 
 practical details of this kind that his 
 prolonged canvassing of the matter 
 with th-e separate members of his stall' 
 ought to count for something. All 
 these details the librarian will need to 
 correlate with each other. Again, he 
 will need to take into account economy 
 of administration, as well as economy 
 of time and space, in planning the 
 total number of attendants, with special 
 reference to the probable amount of 
 funds available (present and future). 
 Should he be able so to compass his 
 arrangement of rooms and his scheme 
 for "manning" them, as to combine 
 the two considerations, he will indeed 
 be fortunate. A modern library, more- 
 over, needs to be so planned as to 
 provide large spaces for readers as well 
 as for the housing of books ; and a 
 generous share of its space is given up 
 to such rooms as study rooms, reference 
 rooms, etc. Here books are ranged on 
 open shelves, and provided with every 
 focility for enabling the reader to make 
 the most effective use of them, on the 
 spot. To estimate the probable num- 
 ber of readers or students who must 
 thus be provided for — in addition to 
 the not inconsiderable space appropri- 
 ated for the purposes of delivery of 
 books for home use — is a distinctly 
 more difficult problem than to forecast 
 the annual increase of the books. In 
 most of the libraries where it has thus 
 far been attempted, the estimate has 
 proved to be too low. To the above 
 should be added, of course, the various 
 considerations in regard to lighting, 
 height of book-cases, protection from 
 noise and other interruptions, embodied 
 in Mr. Charles C. Soule's excellent 
 summary of " Points of agreement 
 among librarians"* (as to library build- 
 ings), as w^ell as the increasing ten- 
 dency to open shelves in all libraries. 
 Such are some of the ideals which 
 the librarian has most at heart and is 
 bound to defend. It is not inappro- 
 priate to inquire what should be his 
 attitude towards the architect's ideals. 
 It is true that the librarian, as above 
 stated, is here to be regarded as the 
 spokesman of the public's practical 
 needs. It is true also that "a little 
 knowledge " of architecture cannot fail 
 
 *See page 185. 
 
^mmm^ 
 
 LXXXIX. 
 Library of St. John's College Oxforrl, England. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 i«i 
 
 to be a dangerous thing to any librarian 
 who is not continually impressed by the 
 inadequacy of his own knowledge. 
 Nevertheless, it is difficult to see what 
 would be gained, on either side, by a 
 total unfamiliarity, on the part of the 
 librarian, with all that is significant and 
 inspiring in architecture ; and it may 
 safely be said that he should be a man 
 to whom a noble design would not 
 appeal in vain, and to whom a notable 
 opportunity on the part of the architect 
 would be for him also a source of satis- 
 faction. Indeed, the problems which 
 engage the architect in the planning of 
 a library building are neither few nor 
 slight. Just as the sculptor who wishes 
 to reproduce his statue from a human 
 model must first have learned the loca- 
 tion of the systems of bones and mus- 
 cles, of veins and of nerves, that are 
 found below the surface, so the archi- 
 tect whose aim is to give the artistically 
 successful outward expression to a 
 library building must first know the 
 nature of the operations within the 
 building, and the complex relations 
 which there exist. For this informa- 
 tion, as above indicated, he turns to the 
 librarian. Moreover, since individual- 
 ity is always a highly prized factor, in 
 architecture as in sculpture, the nearer 
 the architect can come to expressing in 
 his design some feature which belongs 
 not merely to the type in general, but 
 to this individual building, the closer he 
 will approach to his ideal standard of 
 success. Nor is this solely a question 
 concerned with the difierent varieties of 
 library buildings — as the points where- 
 in a college library will differ from a 
 public library — but it is involved in 
 those perplexing questions which from 
 time to time arise from the apparent 
 clashing of the artistic requirements 
 with the practical demands. It has 
 more than once happened that an 
 encounter with such a problem as this 
 has put the architect "on his mettle." 
 None but the best results, therefore, 
 are to be looked for when, as in in- 
 stances familiar to the present writer, 
 the architect has held strongly to the 
 requirements of his art, but has been 
 eager to learn and meet the library's 
 practical needs, while the librarian, 
 holding with equal steadfastness to 
 
 every practical demand, has neverthe- 
 less rejoiced in every instance where 
 the architect has triumphed over the 
 difficulties of a perplexing situation, 
 and thereby brought his art to a higher 
 level. 
 
 Brochure Series Competitions. 
 
 During the coming year a series of 
 competitions in drawing and design 
 will form a regular department of The 
 Brochure. The subjects set will be 
 sufficiently various to afford opportunity 
 for the display of ability in matiy lines, 
 and not' so technical as to be prohibitive 
 to any but specialists. At least six of 
 these competitions v/ill be announced 
 in the forthcoming volume ; and as 
 many more as the interest of our readers 
 seems to warrant. 
 
 The result of former competitions 
 has been so gratifying, both in number 
 and excellence of designs submitted, 
 that the publishers look forward to 
 making this department in future a 
 regular and important feature of the 
 magazine. 
 
 The drawings in Competition A, 
 which was announced in the July issue, 
 have all been examined and passed 
 upon by the judges, — Mr. C. Howard 
 Walker, Mr. Bertram Grosvenor Good- 
 hue and the Editor of The Brochure. 
 The prize drawing and the brief criti- 
 cisms of the judges will be printed in 
 the December number, together with 
 some of the most interesting designs. 
 
 It might be well to warn intending 
 competitors that their designs cannot 
 be considered unless they conform in 
 every respect to the required conditions ; 
 a warning suggested by the fact that 
 some of the best designs submitted in 
 Competition A were necessarily ex- 
 cluded on this account. 
 
 The size and proportions of draw- 
 ings should be carefully observed as this 
 is of the first importance. 
 
 Competition B, which is announced 
 on advertising page vii. of this issue, 
 propounds a very interesting subject, 
 bringing in as it does the application of 
 color as a factor in the design. The 
 result of this Competition is to be an- 
 nounced in the February issue of the 
 new Volume. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 183 
 
 The Brochure Series 
 
 of Architectural Illustration. 
 
 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BV 
 
 BATES & GUILD CO., 
 
 13 EXCHANGE STREET, BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 Subscription Rate per year . 50 cents, in advance 
 
 Special Club Rate for five subscriptions . . jit2.oo 
 
 Entered at the Boston Post Office as Second-class Matter. 
 
 While the Editor of The Brochure Series cannot hold 
 himself responsible for the care of unsolicited photographs, 
 drawings or manuscripts which may be submitted to him, 
 he will always be glad to consider them; and will return 
 those that he cannot use when postage for that purpose is 
 provided. 
 
 As this special number of The 
 Brochure Series is, Irom the charac- 
 ter of its contents, Hkely to find its way 
 into the hands of many readers who 
 are not subscribers, the publishers take 
 the opportunity to set forth here its 
 character and aims. 
 
 The Brochure prints each year over 
 one hundred half-tone engravings from 
 photographs of European architecture, 
 the subjects being carefully chosen as 
 those likely to be of most value and 
 interest to architects and draughtsmen. 
 The list of the plates in Volumes II. 
 and III. printed on advertising page v. 
 of this issue will give an idea of the 
 kind of illustrations which may be ex- 
 pected. Each issue deals with some 
 particular building or class of subjects ; 
 the issue preceding this, for instance, 
 illustrated in detail the Great Staircase 
 of the Chateau of Bluis ; the succeed- 
 ing issue will contain photographs of 
 beautiful Italian holy-water fonts ; the 
 first number of the new volume will 
 illustrate Sicilian churches. 
 
 It will be evident that such pictures 
 are of great value, not alone to archi- 
 tects and draughtsmen and students of 
 art, for whom they are primarily 
 intended, but also to all those to whom 
 the best of the world's architecture 
 appeals. An article of detailed descrip- 
 tion and comment accompanies each 
 set of illustrations. 
 
 Although these photographs and the 
 description of them form the chief 
 
 features of the magazine they by no 
 means constitute its entire contents. 
 Articles of various kinds are constantly 
 published which interest all who in any 
 way have to deal with architecture. In 
 the current volume, for example, the 
 lives and work of four of America's 
 best architectural draughtsmen are re- 
 viewed, and illustrated by examples of 
 their drawings. 
 
 Under the caption of Club Notes, 
 the doings of the Architectural clubs 
 and of their members are regularly 
 chronicled. 
 
 Competitions, in which a very lively 
 interest has been shown, are set from 
 time to time, and in the coming volume 
 will be more frequent than in the past. 
 That which is announced on advertising 
 page viii. of this issue may be taken as 
 a specimen. 
 
 Beginning with the first issue of the 
 new year (January, 1S98), the publish- 
 ers will open a column for the reviews 
 of books dealing with architecture and 
 the related fine arts. This department 
 will deal with such books from the side 
 of the purchaser. That is, it will aim 
 to tell the reader what the book is, 
 what it contains, and what, from the 
 point of view of an authoritative writer, 
 will be its value to a purchaser. As 
 architectural and art books are expen- 
 sive yet necessary "tools," it is hoped 
 that, to the buyer who wishes to ex- 
 pend his money wisely, it will be a 
 valuable guide. As a convenience, the 
 publishers have also arranged to supply 
 at the listed price, any book, good, bad 
 or indifferent, mentioned in this column. 
 
 A new feature, which will add to the 
 value of The Brochure as a reference 
 book, will be a combined index to 
 Volumes I., 11. and III., which is to be 
 issued with the last number of the 
 present volume. This index will be a 
 complete guide to the three hundred 
 photographs of architectural subjects 
 previously illustrated in the magazine. 
 At the end of the sixth volume another 
 combined index will be issued. Thus, 
 as The Brochure more and more com- 
 pletely covers the field of European 
 architecture, it will become a more and 
 more complete and valuable work of 
 reference. 
 
POINTS OF AGREEMENT AMONG LIBRARIANS 
 
 AS TO LIBRARY ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 By Charles C. Soule, 
 
 Trustee of the Brooklinc^ Mass., Public Library. 
 
 IT has been stated that architects can 
 get little help from librarians in 
 planning libraries, because libra- 
 rians do not agree as to what 
 they "want. This misapprehension 
 probably arises from the fact that library 
 
 consider problems of building, appear 
 to be unanimously agreed. 
 
 To librarians, most of these proposi- 
 tions will appear like truisms ; but the 
 necessity for formulating them appears 
 in the fact that very few library build- 
 
 Old Riding School Library, Welbecl< Abbey, England. 
 
 literature, while it abounds in discus- 
 sions of mooted points of construction, 
 contains apparently no i-ecent statement 
 of elementary principles. To eluci- 
 date these principles some preliminary 
 knowledge of the subject is required, 
 and architects, asking advice without 
 experience of their own, draw out and 
 emphasize the striking differences of 
 opinion, rather than the substantial 
 agreements among librarians. 
 
 It is the purpose of this paper to 
 state certain principles of construction 
 as to which those prominent American 
 librai"ians who have had occasion to 
 
 * Reprinted by kind permission of the Editor, from tin 
 Library Journal. [Vol. i6, No. 12, December, 1891.] 
 
 ings erected in this country during the 
 last ten years conform to all, and some 
 of them conform to none, of the axio- 
 matic requirements. 
 
 Librarians are generally agreed as to 
 the following fundamental j^rinciples of 
 library architecture : 
 
 A library building shoidd be plan^tcd 
 for library work. The work of a 
 library is (or should be) as definitely 
 marked out as that of a school, or a 
 hospital, or a factory ; and the building 
 to contain it should be planned with as 
 much care, and as intelligent a regard 
 to its proper functions. 
 
 Every library building sJioiild be 
 planned especially for tJic kind of 
 
 wemmmmmi 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 187 
 
 ivork to be done, and the co7ntn unity 
 to he served. Libraries differ widely 
 in scope. The college librar}-, the State 
 library, the reference library, the pro- 
 fessional library, the town library — 
 wdiile they have much in common — 
 have different requirements as to rooms 
 and arrangements; and libraries of the 
 same class may differ as to probabilities 
 of growth, conditions of equipment, 
 and opportunities for usefulness. 
 
 The h/terior arrangement ought to 
 he planned before the exterior is con- 
 sidered. Within such necessary limi- 
 tations as the size and shape of the lot 
 and the amount of money available, the 
 first consideration of the librarian, 
 building committee and architect should 
 be, not what exterior style, but what 
 interior plan, is best for the library. 
 
 No convenience of arrangement 
 should ever be sacrificed for mere 
 architectural effect. While the archi- 
 tect may suggest changes of plan 
 which will improve the appearance of 
 the building without sacrificing any 
 point of usefulness, no essential con- 
 veniences for library work ought to be 
 surrendered. It is far better that a 
 library should be plain, or even ugly, 
 than that it should be inconvenient. 
 A steam-engine, superb in finish but 
 faulty in construction, is properly con- 
 demned. A library is a literary engine 
 requiring equally perfect construction 
 to do economical and efficient work. 
 
 The plan should be adapted to prob- 
 abilities and possibilities of groivth 
 and development. In constructing a 
 library it may be wise to build only for 
 the needs of the present generation ; 
 but room and opportunity should always 
 be allowed for future development. 
 The community may grow, the library 
 may increase beyond expectation, its 
 methods may change, its sphere may 
 enlarge, or the progress of library 
 science may develop improvements in 
 administration, requiring changes and 
 enlargement. 
 
 Simplicity of decoration is essential 
 in the zcorkiftg- rooms and reading- 
 rooms. If money can be spared, the 
 exterior of a library building, its 
 approaches, entrances and corridors 
 may be embellished to any extent; but 
 
 the rooms intended for use, while they 
 ought to be attractive in form and color, 
 should be free from that showy decora- 
 tion which attracts sight-seers to dis- 
 turb the quiet and distract the attention 
 of workers and readers. 
 
 .1 library should be planned zvith a 
 view to economical ad/ninistration. 
 No library can be so liberally endowed 
 as to be beyond the need of economy, 
 in time as well as in money. A well- 
 planned library can be administered 
 more smoothly and less expensively 
 than a badly planned one. In order to 
 save money, expedite work, and insure 
 prompt service to the public, the rooms 
 of a library should be so arranged as to 
 require as few attendants, as few steps, 
 and as little labor as possible. The 
 librarian's room should be near the 
 centre of the system, wathin easv reach 
 of the public on the one hand, and the 
 working-rooms on the other. 
 
 The roofns for public use should be 
 so arranged as to allovo complete 
 supervision with the fewest possible 
 attendants. The danger of mutilation 
 or theft of books or periodicals is les- 
 sened, if every part of a reading-room 
 is in plain view of the delivery clerk or 
 of some other attendant. 
 
 There should he as miich natural 
 light as possible in all parts of the 
 building. No artificial light can be as 
 healthy for attendants and for books, so 
 agreeable to the eyes, or so economical, 
 as daylight. 
 
 Windows shotild extend up to the 
 ceilings to light thoroughly the upper 
 part of every room. With high win- 
 dows, and walls and ceiling of a light 
 color, the upper part of a room holds 
 and diftuses daylight. With low win- 
 dows it may be a cavern of gloom. 
 
 Windows in a book-room should be 
 placed opposite the intervals between 
 hook-cases. In planning a book-room 
 or stack, the book-casts ought to be 
 located and the windows ought to be 
 so arranged as to cast light, and not 
 shadow, down all the aisles. 
 
 The arrangefnents of books in tiers 
 of alcoves and galleries around a 
 large hall is considered entirely obso- 
 lete. The old style of shelving around 
 the Vv-alls, in alcoves, and in galleries, 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 has been generally superseded by the 
 use of floor-cases, — that is, double 
 book-cases, arranged in parallel lines 
 across the floor of a room, — or "stacks," 
 which are tiers of floor-cases one close 
 above another. Shelves around the 
 walls and in alcoves are still used in 
 small libraries not likely to grow much ; 
 and in libraries where access to the 
 books is unrestricted and space can be 
 spared. A form of shelving which is 
 growing in favor, is an arrangement of 
 floor-cases in large rooms, with space 
 between the tops of the book-cases and 
 the ceiling, for ventilation and the 
 difflision of light. 
 
 three feet from t]ie floor. This form 
 of shelving leaves more elbow room 
 in passing, admits more light, and pro- 
 vides a temporary resting-place for 
 books in use or in transit. 
 
 T^liree feet betweeft floor-cases is 
 ample for all purposes of admhiis- 
 tratio/i. 
 
 \o s/ielf^ in any form of book-case^ 
 should be higher than a person of 
 moderate height can reach ivithout a 
 step-ladder. 
 
 Shelving for folios and qnartos 
 should be provided itz every book-room. 
 
 Straight fights are preferable to 
 circular stairs. 
 
 Durham Cathedral Library, 
 
 T'he plan for referetice libraries 
 so strongly advocated by Dr. Poole 
 ( classifying the books in departments^ 
 and arranging them for storage and 
 st?tdv in separate rooms., under one 
 roof) has so far infuenced library con- 
 struction that modern library plans 
 provide accommodations for readers 
 near the books they want to tise., -what- 
 ever system of shelvitig is adopted. 
 
 In a circulating library the books 
 most in use should be shelved in floor - 
 cases close to the delivery desk. In 
 the floor-cases of a reference library 
 the upper shelves should be narrozcer 
 than those belou\ ivith a ledge about 
 
 Durham, England. 
 
 Commufiications by speaking tubes 
 and bells should be arranged beticeeft 
 the Ivor king rooms of a library. 
 
 So far, prominent librarians who 
 have given special study to library con- 
 struction, appear to agree unanimously. 
 Other points of general agreement — 
 such, for instance, as objection to lofty 
 halls for use as reading-rooms or 
 delivery-rooms, — have been omitted 
 where anvone could be found who 
 d()ul)tcd their universal application. 
 On manv such points librarians are ap- 
 ])roaching unanimity through frank dis- 
 cussion and practical experiment. 
 
 OF THC 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 XIX 
 
 )•)•)•)• JB)^)^)*)*)^)^?*)^?^?'?^?^ J' *•? 
 
 u Xibvar^ Ibcatino. n 
 
 pUBLIC and MEMORIAL 
 Libraries of small or moderate 
 size, can have no more satisfactory 
 or economical heating apparatus 
 than the larger sizes of Boynton 
 Steam or Hot "Water Heaters. -^ 
 These have been used by prom- 
 inent Ne'w York architects, in 
 buildings of this class, with entire 
 success. -^ ^ -^ -^-9^ -^ -^ 
 We are prepared to estimate and 
 make plans for heating service, 
 and invite correspondence from 
 architects and librarians concern- 
 ing the heating of either new^ or 
 old buildings. -^ -^ -») ^ 
 
 Q Boynton jfuniace Co. § 
 Gl IRew lt)orl? anJ> Cbicago. U 
 
 ggr>r>r>i3r>r>r^r>r>aaaaaaaaaaa§§ 
 
 t»»»»»»»»»»»»?>»»»»»»» »»» < < < < < < « ect << ( « ew « C i C K Wn<< < ( a 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 XXI 
 
 111 Goods Warranted. 
 
 The Morse Universal Drawing Table 
 
 Has these Points of Merit: 
 
 1st 
 
 STYLE B. 
 
 ce of top, 30x36 in. 
 
 A spring to counterbalance the top, which makes it the easiest and quickest to 
 adjust. 
 
 2nd. The top can be placed at any height from 30 to 42 inches. 
 3rd. The top will revolve, or when desired can be firmly clamped. 
 
 The top can be placed at any angle. 
 
 The adjustments are made to fix with compound clamps. 
 
 The legs being under the centre of the top present no obstacles for the fef^t. 
 
 When not in use it can be folded, requiring little space. 
 
 Send for Catalogue. 
 Manufacturers of a Complete Line of Draughting Room Furniture. 
 
 4th. 
 5th. 
 6th. 
 7th. 
 
 THE MORSE MACHINE CO., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Some Reasons for Specifying 
 
 S 
 
 upremis 
 
 and 
 
 Shipoleum 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 It is the original and most durable jioor finish. 
 Will not scratch white under boot heels and mov- 
 ing furniture. 
 
 It is superior to Wax Finish because more dur- 
 able and free from its dangerous slipperiness. 
 It polishes beaut fully and is impervious to water 
 a7id mud. It is a Varnish of wonderful resist- 
 ance to outside attack. 
 
 While unequalled for hospitals, asylums and pub- 
 lic buildings, it is admirably adapted to the fin- 
 est interior finish of the most costly residences. 
 It has no equal for bathrooms, laundries, and 
 stables; soapsuds and ammonia fumes seeming to 
 have no effect. 
 
 We were the first to introduce a complete line of Architectural Var- 
 nishes, and these are now standard. Write for our "Suggestions" 
 on Wood Finishes. They are the result of thirty years' experience, 
 and you will find them useful. 
 
 CHICAGO VARNISH COMPANY. 
 
 CHICAGO, Dearborn Ave. and Kinzie St. NEW YORK, 215 Pearl St. BOSTON, Pearl and High Sts. 
 
 DEXTER BROTHERS' 
 
 ENGLISH 
 SHINGLE STAINS 
 
 The only stains that 
 
 WILL NOT TURN BLACK- 
 
 DEXTER BROS., 55-57 Broad St., BOSTON. 
 
BATES HALL, BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 McKim, Mead & White, Architects, New York. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 Q. p. M. QiUDCRT, Af^crt'r, N.Y. 
 
 "Original" Color Schemes. 
 
 We are always glad to co-operate with any Architect 
 who desires to produce an original scheme of color, 
 and stand ready to submit samples in any direction %^ 
 desired, in -■ 
 
 Cabot's Creosote Shingle Stains. 
 
 Our regular samples and new color-chart showing -^^7, V, 
 
 16 combinations of color upon a house by Wm. Ralph Emerson, sent for the asking 
 
 SAMUEL CABOT, Sole Mfr., 
 
 Agents at All 
 Central Points. 
 
 BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 Mellish, Byfield & Company, 
 
 MAKERS OF FURNITURE, 
 
 Upholstery and Decoration, 
 86 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 Factories, 46 Warehara St 
 
 LIBRARY FURNITURE and 
 
 INTERIOR FINISH A SPECIALTY. 
 
 QUR Is artistic and comfortable, and while 
 
 PA MnrT<: ''^^*^ ^^^ graceful, is rigid and 
 
 rA/VlUUj durable, being made of selected 
 
 WINDSOR CHAIR hickory well locked together. 
 
 SUPPLIED FOR THE BOSTON LIBRARY 
 
 for which we made all other furniture and interior finish. 
 Prominent among other Libraries lor which we hare made 
 the furniture is the CARNEGIE LIBRARY, PITTSBURGH. 
 
 INTERIOR WORK FOR CHURCHES and FINE RESIDENCES 
 
 receives our most careful attention, and we particularly solicit orders for custom made furniture, 
 from our own or from architects' designs. 
 
 ni ID QHOV^DOO/VI ^ contain examples of the best in furniture. Our line of chairs from the best 
 VJUK OllWW KwV^JTiO Colonial Models is especially worth attention. 
 
PUBLIC LIBRARY, FALL RIVER, MASS. 
 Cram, Wentworlh & Goodhue, Architects, Boston. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY, SOUTH BEND, IND. 
 Wing 8i Mdhurin, Architects, Fort Wayne, Ind. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 The 
 
 Fall River 
 
 Library 
 
 . . . Contains 
 throughout our 
 concrete and 
 twisted steel fire- 
 proof floors, also 
 concrete stairs 
 and quadripar- 
 tite vaulting. 
 
 n 
 
 berthaw Construction Co* 
 
 7 EXCHANGE PLACE, BOSTON. 
 
 Concrete Engineers and Contractors for Concrete 
 Masonry of ALL Kinds. 
 
 Foundations, Steps and Curbs, Pavements, Engine Beds, Sidewalk Lights, Self 
 Supporting Sidewalks (Ransome System.") 
 
 T Address, T 
 
 f SOS Sears Bldg., \ 
 ^ THP BOSTON, f 
 # 1 i 1 1^ MASS. 
 
 r^Norton" \ 
 
 \ ^^^ \ 
 
 \ f^^^g^ \ 
 
 * tefi^'^^^^^ rm\ * 
 
 * ^^"^^^ ^^ t 
 
 t W t 
 
 
 T A.TX A.iT Check Finistied. in Nickel. \ 
 
 ^ Thousancis in Use. ^ 
 
 ^ The Boston Public Library is fitted with ^ 
 
 ^ the "Norton." ^ 
 
 The 
 
 Perfect 
 
 Automatic 
 
 Hose 
 
 Reel 
 
 Quickest 
 
 Safest = Strongest 
 
 Cheapest 
 
 Anyone can use it. 
 Fire extinguished 
 with minimum 
 water damage . 
 Endorsed by Archi 
 tects. Plumbers, 
 Insurance Men and 
 Officers of Fire De- 
 partments. 
 
 MANUFACTURED BY 
 
 Estate of JNO. C. N. GUIBERT, 
 
 39 Cortlandt St., New York. 
 
 LIBRARY SASHES NEED- 
 
 *t 
 
 Sil 
 
 ver 
 
 ThG Best Sash Cord 
 
 L^^i^C is the Right Specification 
 
 (f-^es^i^^ 
 
 The Original Solid Braided Sash Cord. 
 For Thirty Years the Standard of Quality 
 
ENTRANCE HALL, BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 McKim, Mead & White, Architects, New York. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 XXVll 
 
 Higgins' 
 American 
 Drawing 
 Inl<:s 
 
 (Blacks and Colors) 
 
 The Standard Liquid Drawing Inks of the World. 
 OF THE BLACK INK 
 
 Jo. Pennkll says: "There is no ink equal to it for half a dozen 
 reasons. From the tune you open the bottle until you put all its contents on 
 paper you have no reason to tiiiil fault with it." 
 
 A. B. FeoST says: " I use a great deal of it, and it is certainly the best." 
 
 AT ALL DEALERS. 
 
 (By mail, prepaid, 35 cents a bottle; color card showing 
 
 actual inks sent free.) 
 
 Higgins' Drawing: Board 
 and Library Mucilage. 
 
 A novel semi-fluid adhesive of grer.t strength 
 and body, specially prepared for sticking 
 paper to the drawing board, repairing and 
 labeling books, or any similar work requiring 
 a quick-acting and powerful adhesive. Not a 
 starch or flour paste, but a Vegetable Glue, 
 the result of a new chemical discovery. War- 
 ranted to keep perfectly good for any length 
 of time, and to contain no injurious ingredients. E.xcellent for 
 mounting drawings, maps or pictures on cloth, paper or wood, and 
 for repairing and labeling books, etc. May be greatly diluted for 
 use as ordinary mucilage. 
 
 AT ALL DEALERS. 
 (3 ounce jar, prepaid by mail for 30 cents.) 
 
 CHAS. M. HIQGINS & CO., flfrs., 
 168 8th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 London Office, 106 Charing Cross Road. 
 
 Special Attention 
 of LIBRARIANS 
 
 is directed to the 
 
 The Only ALBUM 
 that will fit Collections 
 of all sizes, employing: 
 from I to 48 leaves. 
 
 GILSON 
 ADJUSTABLE 
 ALBUM ^ 
 
 In which to mount 
 photographs, prints 
 and etchings. 
 
 ADJUSTABLE COVERS. 
 INTERCHANGEABLE LEAVES. 
 
 A Gilson Album may be made up with fewer or more leaves than 
 any other Album and leaves may be added, taken out, or changed 
 in position without disturbing other leaves, thereby permitting 
 grouping of subjects or classifying of any description. 
 
 The Albums are made in a variety of styles of binding and leaf, 
 ranging in price from 8 0C. lo $5. 
 
 For a Mounting Paste, USE 
 
 Carter's PhotoUbrary 
 PASTE 
 
 It is pure White, quick in 
 action, powerfully adhesive 
 and always ready for use. 
 
 which is also 
 Well Adapted 
 for 
 Library Use 
 
 in labeling books, magazines, etc. 
 
 SEND FOR SPECIAL CATALOGUE B, DESCRIPTIVE OF THE ALBUMS AND PASTE. 
 
 The CARTER'S INK CO., ^o"?]!' 
 
 POCKET SCALE 
 
 -mTTTjTrrTTjTTTTYFTy 
 
 JM I]'|l|i| ' J 'l'| l |'|' l ' J 'l '| ' l ' | ' l ' J 'l'pTy 
 
 1/^'% PARAGON ^ 
 
 V"" ,• U.S.STt 
 
 No. 1399 P. 
 
 PARAGON Pocket Scale, very accurate, neat, substantial and practical. The body of the 
 Scale is of selected boxwood and the edges are of a permanently white material, resembling 
 ivory. One side is divided >s, X, Vz, J inch to the foot, the other side }i, Ht VAf 3 inches 
 to the foot, thus covering all the scales usually employed by the building professions. The scale 
 measures 6>^xif inches and is furnished in a substantial leather sheath, making a very neat 
 Pocket Scale. 
 
 No. 1399 P, Flat Paragon Scale, 6 inches, both sides divided, in sewed leather sheath. 
 
 Price, $1.35. 
 KEUFFEL & ESSER CO., 
 
 J 27 Fulton Street 
 
 ^ 
 
 Jk 
 
 J- NEW YORK, 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 
 r^'^:y''.£::^;^'ry 
 
 ^^'^'^'^'^'^'^'^'^^^'^^^^^-^''^-^''^'^'^i^^.'^'^'^'^'^'^'^'^^ 
 
 ^^P 
 
 i 
 
 MAKERlS OF J r ^P* 
 
 IN S h 
 
 I NND SCREEHS' \l | _C^ 
 
 New York Office : 61 World Building. Our Catalogue will Merest yon-asK for it 
 
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 ^^^^^^^^^''=5^*'=^-'^'^^""'=^'^^*'^''^'^^'^^"'^''^'"^' 
 
 I. P. FRINK, I 
 
 55 J Pearl Street, 1 
 
 New York City. # 
 
 I Light for Public Libraries. 
 
 ♦ Any unusual problems in properly lighting Reading Rooms, 
 T Art Galleries or Audience Rooms, satisfactorily solved. 
 
 4' 
 
 Hvtificial 
 flbarbles 
 
 TTbc laroest an& most success* 
 fill maniifactuvcr ^t tbcsc 
 marbles in tbe worl& is tbe 
 /iDiKeiiian /IDarblc Company?, 
 IROS. 524 an& 520 MCSt 34tb 
 Street, IRew l!)orl? Citv. ^ ^ 
 
K $ 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 XXXl 
 
 NEW STAMPED METAL SASH LOCK, 
 
 •a is 
 
 O !> 
 
 In Cold Rolled Steel, Bronze and Brass. 
 
 LOCKS 
 OPEN. 
 
 CO r 
 
 Medal and Highest Award granted to the IVES PATENT SASH 
 LOCK at the World^s Columbian Exposition 
 
 Thirty-page Catalogue of Windo'W Hardware Specialties Mailed Free. 
 
 Address HOBART B. IVES & CO., New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. 
 
 HITCHINGS & CO., 
 
 HORTICULTURAL ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS 
 
 ESTABLISHED 
 50 YEARS. 
 
 And largest 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 Greenhouse Heating and Ventilating Apparatus. 
 
 The highest awards 
 received at the World's 
 Fair for Horticultural 
 Architectui«, Green- 
 house Construction and 
 Heating Apparatus. 
 
 Conservatories, 
 Greenhouses, Palm- 
 houses, etc., erected 
 complete with our 
 Patent Iron Frame 
 Construction. 
 
 233 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 IF YOU SPECIFY 
 
 SAMSON SPOT CORD, 
 
 You can tell at a glance that no other cord is substituted. 
 It is £uaranteed free from waste and imperfections of braid. 
 
 SEND FOR SAMPLES. 
 
 SAMSON 
 CORDAGE 
 WORKS, 
 BOSTON. 
 

 
 ! ^ 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 THE SIGN OF THE 
 BEST ROOFING 
 
 (Registered Trade Mark.) 
 
 WARREN'S 
 
 ANCHOR BRAND 
 
 NATURAL ASPHALT 
 ROOFING. 
 
 Warren Chem. & Mfg. Co., New York. 
 
 Don't imagine that 
 
 HARDWOOD FLOORS 
 
 are all alike. Quite the contrary. 
 Some never look well. Some look 
 well at tlrst, but soon give out be- 
 cause not honestly made. Others 
 look well at first and continue to 
 look well because they are honestly 
 made. We guarantee our floors 
 against all defects that may ever 
 arise from faulty material or work- 
 manship, and our guarantee is good. 
 We could not afford to do this unless 
 we did our work well. We can 
 satisfy you on this point. All we ask 
 is that the floors have reasonable 
 care. We furnish wax and brushes 
 for keeping floors in order. We will 
 tell you all about thesethings if you 
 will write us. Catalogue free. 
 
 WOOD=MOSAIC CO., 
 27 Hebard St., = Rochester, N.Y. 
 
 For LIBRARIES 
 
 and all other Pitched Roof Buildings 
 
 The Folsom New Model Snow Guards 
 
 are the only perfect protection against sliding snow and ice, or the accumulation of ice at the 
 eaves, which causes water to back up under the slates or shingles. They do not disfigure the roof, 
 and at a little distance are invisible. 
 
 Can be applied to new or old Roofs of Shingle, Slate, Tile or Metal. 
 
 The ShuII Overhead Window Pulley 
 
 Is the most perfect sash pulley made. It gives more pocket room, allowing use of iron instead of 
 lead weights. The cord, tape or chain is attached near top of sash, which need not be grooved. 
 It can be applied in less time than any other high grade pulley. 
 
 i hCSC OpCCI2,ltlCS present many other advantages which space here does not allow mentioning. 
 
 Folsom Snow Guard Co*t 
 
 Fuil Information 
 sent upon request 
 
 BOSTON, 
 
 MASS. 
 
-■te- »s« 
 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 VYMttLtK O Specified to be used 
 p A ^r p Kl "T on all the naturally finished 
 
 woodwork in the building 
 ^/\/ f^f^ r^ opposite, as it is, and has 
 
 been, for all first-class work 
 ^ I L L t R for the last lo to 20 years. 
 
 \NHY ? 
 
 Because it is the only Wood Filler that will develop 
 the natural beauty of the wood, and make a per- 
 manent base on which the varnish may rest. 
 Beware of so-called "just-as-good" articles. 
 
 BREINIC'S 
 LITHOGEN 
 SILICATE 
 PAINT 
 
 Stands where lead 
 and oil fail. 
 
 White, and all shades 
 and colors- 
 Sample Card free. 
 
 The Bridgeport Wood Finishing Co., 
 
 NEW MILFORD, CT. 
 
 NEW YORK, 240 PEARL STREET. 
 
 CHICAGO, 215 E. LAKE STREET. 
 
 BOSTON, 85 OLIVER STREET. 
 
 OF FINEST WOODS 
 
 Phrquet 
 
 PLBiN oq 
 
 ORNHHIENTRL 
 
 Thick or Thin 
 
 We have representatives 
 and stocks of floors in the 
 leading cities. Write for 
 Prices and Book of Designs. 
 
 FLOORS 
 
 THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD CO., Hlanfrs. 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 
 
 ABSOLUTELY 
 
 WHITE BRICK 
 
 and White Terra Cotta 
 
 of the very best quality — a most appropriate mate- 
 rial for Libraries in Classic or Renaissance style. 
 
 WHITE BRICK & TERRA COTTA CO., 
 
 J56 Fifth Ave., New York City. 
 
 Follow the Life 
 
 Of the Ironwork of the Historical 
 Library at Madison, Wisconsin. 
 
 (see illustration on opposite page.) 
 
 It is all to be painted with the 
 
 H ARRISON ANTOXIDE 
 
 The most perfect iron 
 protective paint obtainable. 
 
 ''The Painting J- 
 
 of Metallic Surfaces '^ 
 "Will interest you. To be had for 
 the asking. 
 
 Harrison Bros, & Co., 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, 
 CHICAGO, 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 S. Homer Woodbridge, 
 
 SPECIALIST IN 
 
 HEATING and VENTILATION 
 ^''^ SANITARY ARCHITECTURE, 
 
 85 WATER ST., BOSTON. 
 
 REFERENCES. 
 
 U.S. CAPITOL (Senate Wing), Washington. 
 
 STATE CAPITOLS of Maine, Mass. and R.I. 
 
 HOSPITALS: Bangor (Me.) Insane: Ruthand (Mass.) Consump- 
 tive; Foxboro (Mass.) Dipsomaniac; Penna. Institute for Deaf 
 and Dumb, Philadelphia; Westboro, Mass.; Newton, Mass.: 
 Waltham, Mass.; Springfield, Mass. 
 
 STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS: 3 in Mass.; 1 in M.aine; 2 in 
 C.inn.: I in R.I. 
 
 HIGH SCHOOLS: Portland and Deering, Maine: Fitchburg, 
 Lynn, Medford, Cambridge (Latin), Newton, and Weston, 
 Mass.: 2 in Providence, R.I. 
 
 BOSTON SUBWAY. 
 
 PRATT INST. LIBRARY. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 xxxvu 
 
 CLAUD D'URTE AND 
 
 FE, JEANNE DE BAtZAC. 
 
 REPRODUCTIONS OF RARE BOOKBINDINGS 
 
 From famous collections, adapted for leaded glass and used in the Albright 
 Memorial Library, Scranton, Pa.; the New London, Conn., Public Library; 
 the Nahant, Mass., Public Library; and many private libraries, by 
 
 Messrs. EDWIN FORD and FREDERICK BROOKS, of 110 Boylston St , BOSTON. 
 
 ^•^^.•^.'-i.'-'v m^i 
 
 ■<^> 
 
 Ifl^ 
 
 
 ISb 
 
 

777^ BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 ART IN IRON AND BRONZE. 
 
 JNO. WILLIAMS 
 
 H. B. STILLMAN, 
 
 ASSOCIATED. 
 
 HAND WORKERS 
 IN METALS. 
 
 ^44-^^6 WEST 27th ST., 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 
 A -• ■*! ' 
 
 J- ,^»-i'^ ,#v >A 
 
 
 REFERENCES. . . . 
 
 Babb, Cook & Willard 
 
 Charles Brigham 
 
 Carrere & Hastings 
 
 Cady, Berg «Si See 
 
 Cottier & Co. 
 
 John H. Duncan 
 
 A. H. Davenport 
 
 Ernest Flagg 
 
 R. W. Gibson 
 
 Green & Wicks 
 
 C. C. Haight 
 
 H. J. Hardenbergh 
 
 Julius F. Harder 
 
 Howard & Cauldwell 
 
 R. H. Hunt 
 
 E. A. Kent 
 
 Lamb & Rich. 
 
 James Brown Lord 
 
 N. Le Brun & Sons 
 
 Little & O'Conner 
 
 Little & Browne 
 
 A. J. Manning 
 
 L. Marcotte & Co. 
 
 McKim, Mead & White 
 
 Peabody & Stearns 
 
 Bruce Price 
 
 Geo. B. Post 
 
 R. H. Robertson 
 
 Rossiter & Wright 
 
 Sheplev, Rutan & Coolidge 
 
 Frank'Hill Smith 
 
 Tiffany & Co. 
 
 John R. Thomas 
 
 Richard A. Waite 
 
 Wheelwright & Haven. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 xli 
 
 ^be Minelow Bro6. Company. 
 
 Cbicaoo. 
 
 wrnamcntal llron, 
 
 JUronse anb JDvaee. 
 
 SPECIAL DESIGNS SUBMITTED. 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 xliii 
 
 r" 
 
 ' " lllli Ml - ^' ^"" 
 
 f II mil 
 
 ~i \'(: 
 
 LiTHGOW Library, Augusta, maine. 
 
 Covered with Closed-Shingle Tile manufactured by 
 
 The 
 
 Celadon Terra-Cotta Co., ltd 
 
 CHARLES T. HARRIS, Lessee, 
 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 Artistic Roofing Tiles, 
 
 ALFRED, N.Y. 
 
 OTHER LIBRARIES 
 
 WE HAVE ALSO COVERED ARE 
 
 G.A R. Memorial Library. Westerly, R.L 
 Orrington Lunt Memorial. Evanston. 111. 
 Morrill Memorial, Norwood Central, Mass. 
 University of Illinois, Urbana, 111 
 Kansas City (Mo.) Public Library. 
 
 SEE ILLUSTRATION ON OPPOSITE PAGE. 
 
 Munson Williams Memorial. Utica, N.Y 
 
 ILLUSTRATE 
 
 ^^ e^*' 
 
 New York Office : 
 Rm. 1123, 156 FIFTH AVE. 
 
 Chicago Office : 
 
 m. 1001, 204 DEARBORN ST. 
 
rK9fiaflU^^4i£^>^' y3K^> »:. 
 
 5 2 
 
 I- if 
 
/- Kwtii. ^ 
 
 THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 XIV 
 
 MERCHANT'S 
 
 Metal ^'Spanish'' Tiles 
 
 and 
 
 '^Gothic'' Shingles* 
 
 COPPER, TIN AND GALVANIZED STEEL. 
 
 The most ornamental 
 Roof made in metal. 
 
 Fall River (Mass.) Boys' Club roofed with Merchant's 
 Copper Spanish Tiles. 
 
 We have three sizes for straight surfaces, viz. : 
 7 X lo, lo X 14 anc] 14 x 20. 
 
 Also, a Special Graduated Tile for conical surfaces. 
 
 WRITE US FOR PRICES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 The ^^STAR'' Ventilator. 
 
 ORNAMENTAL. EFFECTIVE. STORM-PROOF. 
 
 For Ventilating Churches, School Houses, Public Halls, also 
 Cotton, "Woolen and Paper Mills, Power Houses, Foundries, 
 etc., there is none equal to the '* Star." 
 
 -^ 
 
 tf^ 
 
 ^^^^s=-^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 :|l|jIl^BBI11ll)lll< .< . 
 
 
 -3j, 
 
 
 |c 
 
 - • 
 
 '1 " \ 
 
 
 i 
 
 ^^ 
 
 •^ 
 
 DOWN DRAFTS PREVENTED.- 
 
 The Combination Skylight " STAR " 
 
 Ventilator gives Light and 
 
 Ventilation. 
 
 Our Illustrated Booklet on Ventilation mailed free. 
 
 MERCHANT'S HIGH GRADE ROOFING PLATES. 
 
 Made by the Palm Oil Process. No Wasters. 
 The Brands are 
 
 Merchant's Old Method/' ^^ Merchant's Roofing/*' ^Xamaret" and ^^ Alaska.' 
 
 MERCHANT & CO,, Incorporated, 
 
 Sole Manufacturers. 
 PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHICAGO. BROOKLYN. 
 
^V/ 
 
 I 
 
 >: > 
 
r^KTKJz:, — — k-t._^_ 
 
 THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 xlvii 
 
 Sole Makers 
 of the . . 
 
 N.Y. Free Circulaiing Library (Ottendor^er Branch), 135 Second Ave, NY. 
 
 A. B. & W. T. WESTERVELT, 
 
 102 Chambers Street, cor. Church, NEW YORK. 
 
 Stikeman Patented Metallic Book Shelving 
 for Libraries. 
 
 Our systems may be seen in various libraries throughout the States or at our carerooms. The 
 Adjustable System is used in the Hart Memorial Library, Troy, N.Y. (see page opposite.) 
 DESCRJPTIVE CATALOGUE (Illustrated) O.N APPLICATION. 
 
xh 
 
 THE PROCIIURE SERIES. 
 
 
 
 ¥ 
 ¥ 
 ¥ 
 ¥ 
 
 ¥ 
 
 ¥ 
 w 
 
 * 
 
 
 m 
 
 The GREEN BOOK STACK 
 and SNEAD SHELF 
 
 For Large 
 and Small 
 Libraries. 
 
 The only Stack giving light and ventilation to the Books, both & 
 througli the shelves and the supports, and the only one 
 
 having no receptacles for dust, vermin and disease germs, 
 
 and the only one providing for all the functions a book stack 
 
 ought to have. 
 
 Used in the new Library of Congress, Washington, and 
 
 twenty-five other libraries, providing storage for more than 
 
 3,000,000 volumes. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^j^ MADE BY The Snead & Co. Iron Works, 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. )K 
 
 Structural and Architectural Metal Work of all descriptions. 
 
 4 
 
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 4 
 
THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 xlix 
 
 FENTON 
 METALLIC 
 MFG. COMPANY, 
 
 JAMESTOWN, N.Y. 
 
 Manufacturers of «?* <^ ^ 
 
 Metallic 
 Book-stacks. 
 
 Complete Fireproof Equipments for Book-Stack Rooms, 
 including 
 
 Stackst Doors^ Shutters^ Lifts^ Tables^ 
 
 Trucks^ Distribution Desks^ Etc*; Etc. 
 
 Interior Fixtures for Libraries Entirely of Metal. 
 
 Card Catalogue Cases, Roller Shelves for Art Works, Delivery Desks, 
 Cases for Periodicals, Cabinet "Work in Steel and Bronze. 
 
 •'NENT ADOPTIONS. 
 
 Chicago Public Library. 
 Providence Public Library, 
 .ansas City Public Library, 
 .ry Congregational Mouse, 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Columbia University Libraiy. 
 Millicent Library, Fairhaven, Mass. 
 Burlington, Iowa, Public Library. 
 Massachusetts State Library, State House, 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Library of the Association of the Bar, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Apprentice's Library, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 DESIGNS and 
 CONSTRUCTION by 
 
 Eastern Office : 
 CABLE BUILDING, 
 N.Y. City. 
 
 Fenton Metallic Mfg. Co. 
 
 Main Offices and Works : 
 
 JAMESTOWN, N. Y. 
 
ifiil. 
 
 THE BROCHURE SERIES. 
 
 STACK ERCCTCC 
 
 4ARY, BROOKLY 
 
 Library Bureau 
 Patented Library Book Stacks 
 
 Designed and manufactured by The Winslow Bros. Company of Chicago, 
 and the Library Bureau, Boston. 
 
 It represents the library experience of the best library experts and the artistic skill and ingenuity 
 of the finest ornamental iron w^orkers of the country. 
 
 FEATURES. — Each shelf and bracket is absolutely adjustable from the front of the shelf . 
 Each shelf is independently removable. 
 The patented truss construction conserves all the structural material for support in stacks of two or 
 
 more stories. 
 Affords the least interference with light and ventilation. 
 With our patented iron sheathed shelves, is absolutely fireproof. 
 
 Although a recent invention, it has been adopted by more libraries than any other stack, both in the 
 
 United States and abroad. 
 
 128 FRANKLIN STREET, CHICAGO, ILIS. 
 603 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 10 BL00M8BURY STREET, LONDON. 
 
 LIBRARY BUREAU, 
 
 530 ATLANTIC AVENUE, 
 Cor. Congress Street, BOSTON, Mass. 
 
 273 STEWART BUILDING, NEW VOHK CITv. 
 Mie r STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, O.C. 
 8 RUE AUBRIOT, PARIS. 
 
 V 
 
^■^ 
 
 J ?"«i 
 
/ ."*^' - -i's. 
 
RETURN LIBRARY SCHOOL LIBRARY 
 
 TG^ 2 South Hall 642-2253 
 
 LOAN PERIOD 1 
 
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 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 
 
 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW 
 
 rc5 1 -^^ 
 
 1^ r 0!>. pp n 
 
 W- 
 
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 I^TfPTal 
 
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 , ^ a University of California, Berkeley 
 
ro 29777 
 
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