UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OB LAW LIBRARY ' CAW LIBRARY WOV. OF NOTRE DAME ^^»^sa(?s-.js^fi NED ■I BLACKSTONE I The La^v Trained Man By W. C. Weemuth Secretary, Blackstone Institute Black STONE Institute Including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law Jackson Boxilevard Chicago T \9\S Copyright, 1915 BY BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE r u J7A-- ORGANIZATION BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law. (The Oldest and Largest Institution for Law Training in the World.) Staff* (The Members of the Staff Modern American Law WilliamC.Wermuth,M.S.,LL.B. Griffith Ogden Ellis, LL.B. Arthur L. Sanborn, LL.B. Eugene A. Gilmore, A.B., LL.B. Russell Whitman, A.B., LL.B. Leo Greendlinger, M.C.S., C.P.A. William N. Gemmill, Ph.B., LL.D. Oliver A. Harker, A.M., LL.D. Prepare and Conduct the Course and Service.) William Hoynes, L.L.D., K.S.C. George G. Bogert, A.B., LL.B. Herbert F. DeBower, LL.B. William G. Hale, B.S., LL.B. John G. Campbell, A.B., LL.B. Francis L. Harwood, A.B., LL.B. Arthur M. Harris. Edgar A. Jonas, Lit.B., LL.B. Special Lecturers* (The Special Lecturers Prepare Written Lectures for the Modern American Law Course and Service.) Hon. Paul S. Reinsch, A.B., Ph.D., LL.B. Hon. William C. Fitts Bruce Wyman, A.M., LL.B. Edgar A. Bancroft, M.A., LL.B. Henry H. Ingersoll, M.A., LL.D.** William C. Jones, A.B., M.A. Philip Nichols, A.B., LL.B. Lawrence Chamberlain, M.A. James L. Hopkins, LL.B. Hon. John L. Burnett, M.C. Arthur W. Blakemore, A.B., LL.B. WilliamL. Burdick, Ph.D., LL.B. William L. Symons, LL.M., M.P.L. George F. Tucker, Ph.D., LL.B. Harvey N. Shepard, A.B. George F. Wells, LL.D. T. J. Moll, Ph.B., LL.B. Edwin Maxey, D.C.L., LL.D. Editors of Modern American Law'' Editor-in-Chief Etjgene Allen Gilmore, A.B., LL.B. Associate Editor William C. Webmuth, M.S., LL.B. •Biogrraphical notes are to be found in Chapter X. ••Deceased. [ 3 ] Aittliors of Modem American Law^ John B. Winslow, A.B., LL.D. Orrin N. Carter, LL.D. Arthur L. Sanborn, LL.B. Emlin McClain, A.M., LL.D.** George C. Holt, A.B., LL.D. William N. Gemmill, Ph.B., LL.D. Philip Nichols, A.B., LL.B. L Maurice Wormser, A.B., LL.B. John R. Rood, LL.B. C. A. Huston, A.B., J.D., S.J.D. John Wurts, M.A., LL.B., M.L. William P. Rogers, A.B., LL.D. Bruce Wyman, A.M., LL.B. Paul S. Reinsch, Ph.D., LL.B. G. L. Clark, A.B., LL.B., S.J.D. William L. Burdick, Ph.D., LL.B. William E. Mikell, B.S. William E. Higgins, B.S.,LL.B Henry W. Ballantine, A.B., LL.B. Frederick W. Schenk D. 0. McGovney, A.M., LL.B. George F. Wells, LL.D. William C. Jones, A.B., M.A. John H. Perry, M.A., LL.B. Charles S. Cutting, LL.D. Oliver A. Harker, A.M., LL.D. Frank L. Simpson, A.B., LL.B. Charles M. Hepburn, A.B., L.L.D. Charles E. Carpenter, A.M., LL.B. Harvey N. Shepard, A.B. Henry W. Humble. A.M., LL.B. Henry H. IngersoU, M.A., LL.D.** John N. Pomeroy, A.M., LL.B. W. L. Symons, LL.M., M.P.L. Barry Gilbert, A.B., LL.B. Edwin Maxey, D.C.L., LL.D. George Lawyer, A.M., LL.B. John T. Loughran, LL.B. Theophilus J. Moll, P^.B., LL.B. James W. McCreery George G. Bogert, A.B., LL.B. Edward D. Osborn Arthur W. Blakemore, A.B., LL.B. James L. Hopkins, LL.B. William G. Hale, B.S., LL.B. George F. Tucker, Ph.D., LL.B. James W. Garner, B.S., Ph.D. R. L. Henry, Ph.B., J.D., B.C.L Louis B. Ewbank, LL.B. John Charles Townes, LL.D. Elmer M. Liessmann, LL.B. William A. Ferguson, A.M. LL.B. H. Claude Horack, Ph.B., LL.B. William E. Colby, LL.B. Arthur M. Cathcart, A.B. Oliver S. Rundell, LL.B. Manley 0. Hudson, A.M., LL.B. Francis L. Harwood, A.B., LL.B. ♦Biographical Notes are to be found in Chapter X. ♦♦Deceased. [ 4 ] TABLE OF CONTENTS Frontispiece Chapter I- Chapter II- Chapter III- Chapter IV- Chapter Y- Chapter VI- Chapter ^^II — Chapter VIII- Chapter IX- Chapter X- page -Opportunities -The New Profession 7 -The Profession of Law . . .12 -Law and American Business . . 23 -Public Life and Social Service . . .42 -Foundation of Black- stone Institute . . 50 -Modern American Law Course and Serv- ice . . . .62 Distinctive Advan- ta^-es of Blackstone Institute . . .94 -Final Judgment . 110 ■Evidence From Those Who Know . . 113 Organization of Blackstone Institute 149 *'Law is a true science of which every educated person shoxdd have at least a general knowledge.'' — Chief Justice Winslow, Supreme Court of Wisconsin. The Opportunities Open to the Law Trained Man CHAPTER I THE NEW PROFESSION The Law Trained Man WILLIAM CARPENTER was a man of av- erage natural ability. He was a hard and steady worker, healthy in mind and body, and strong in common sense. To these natural qualities he added a law training which developed his self-control and clear thinking power. Carpenter was born and educated in a country town. When he moved to a thriving city in an- other state and opened a law office he was without friends or reputation. His first clients were business men of small means. Their affairs, however, brought him in touch with large companies. Presently these cor- porations entrusted him with small matters, and later, cases involving large amounts of money. In the course of his practice. Carpenter became familiar with the inner workings of business organi- zations and methods. Each new case gave him the opportunity for further study and the handling of different kinds of business problems. These ripened his business judgment. The president of one of these corporations was called to South America on a business venture. [ 7] BLACESTOXE INSTITUTE Carpenter was made general counsel with the au- thority to act for the president during his absence. He guided the affairs of the company with the cor- rect judgment which distinguishes the man who knows law. Tlie successful way in which he directed the af- fairs of the company was recognized and appre- ciated by the directors. When they formed a new enterprise a short time later, Carpenter was re- quested to organize the business. He was also given the opportunity to acquire an interest in the new company. Again, Carpenter's knowledge of law won the day. In six months the company was paying divi- dends, and he turned his attention to other mat- ters. About this time the city undertook a vast plan of improvements. It involved widening streets, con- demning property, building bridges, and construct- ing an aqueduct system. The Mayor appointed Carpenter a member of the Ways and Means Committee. This committee was to report on the possibility of realizing these im- provements both from a financial and legal point of view. The final report was written by Carpen- ter. He also directed the campaign which gained the support of the voters and carried the recommen- dations of his report through the City Council. These important achievements won for him the name of an efficient public servant. A few years THE LAW TRAINED MAN later lie was elected Mayor of the city and later Governor of the state. After serving two terms as Governor, Carpenter retired from public life — wealthy, honored and rep- resentative of the leading thought in his community. Carpenter then devoted himself to the big social problems which confronted the growing city. His law training, supported by business experience and a public career, enabled him to draft legislation which was fundamentally sound, both legally and socially. He is now on almost every civic and charity board. He counsels the public officers and guides many a civil enterprise. He is rounding out a full life of usefulness to himself, his family and to man- kind. Carpenter began his career as a lawyer. Many men continue to think of him as a lawy^er, but in reality he is more than a member of the legal pro- fession. He is a member of the new profession of law trained men. Every state, every city, every community has members of this new profession of law leaders. Some of them have never practiced law but all of them have entered business or politics or social service. They all possess one common quality — a law training. The law was the foundation on which their success was built. The New Professiojt. A knowledge of law is no longer left to lawyers alone. The progressive American citizen now con- 10 BLACESTONE INSTITUTE siders a legal education an essential portion of the training lie is to receive after lie reaches his ma- jority. One can learn the rules of law before he is twen- ty-one but the man who is coming into his full men- tal powers obtains the greatest rewards from his law training. He has suffered at least some of the experiences of life. He knows to some extent the value of a practical education. He has discovered that the successful man in any walk of life is in- variably the law trained man. "Every citizen, whatever his calling, should possess a knowledge of the fundamentals of the law." HON. J. W. ABERCROMBIE, Committee on Education, U. S. House of Representatives. This does not mean that every citizen should be- come a lawyer. It does mean that all progressive thinking men and women who are ambitious to win success should be law trained. Today there are more law trained men and women than there are practicing lawyers. Where are they? Law trained men are to be found wherever leaders are needed in business, in public life and in social and civic service. Together with the bench and bar they constitute a new profession — the pro- fession of leadership. Leadership. You want to be successful. You are constantly building your castles and dreaming of future power THE LAW TRAINED MAN 11 and prestige. What man with red blood in his ar- teries is doing otherwise? You may have just pride that you have the ambition to become a leader, for in the words of the President of our country : "No man that does not see visions will ever realize any hope or undertake any high enterprise." PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON. How TO Become a Law Trained Man The only requirement to become a member of this new profession of leaders is to acquire the highest type of legal training. You need not pass the bar examination unless you seek to win success as a member of the bar. You need not have specific pre- liminary education because your experiences in life have unusually equipped you for the successful reading of the Course and Service of Blackstone In- stitute. The training you require is offered to you by Blackstone Institute, of which Mr. Chief Justice Ladd of the Supreme Court of Iowa says : "Every person interested in the law will receive from Blackstone Institute an unusually excellent — in fact, the best non-resident system of instruction." CHAPTER II THE PROFESSION OF LAW Law's Reward in a Democracy IN the year 1868, a Confederate soldier, twenty- three years of age, applied for admission to the bar in Louisiana. After practicing for six years, he was elected to the State Senate. Ten years later he became a Justice of the Supreme Court of Louisiana. He was further honored in 1891 by be- ing elected to the United States Senate. His efficient services in the practice of the pro- fession, on the bench and in the legislature, again found their fitting reward. At the age of forty- nine, in 1894, he was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Then, on December 12, 1910, President Taft, a Repub- lican, appointed this Confederate soldier and Dem- ocrat, Edward Douglass "White, Chief Justice of the highest court in the land. His qualifications for this greatest honor in the legal profession are those which any lawyer can possess : — a well-organized law training, fidelity, in- dustry and a determination to progress. The study of his career is a study of the progress which follows industry — not mere chance. It rep- resents the desirable rewards that are within the reach of every lawyer. Chief Justice White rose [12] THE LAW TRAINED MAN 13 from the ranks to offices of the highest honors be- cause the profession in our democracy recognizes service and not merely birth or inheritance. "The greatest honor in the profession is one which every lawyer may realize." The Voice of Authority In the old Senate chamber of the nation's capitol at Washington, D. C, sits the Supreme Court of the United States: "The most august tribunal in the world." Promptly at twelve o'clock each day of a session the bailiff calls for order. As the Justices approach from the anteroom, court officers, attorneys and spectators arise. Preceded by Chief Justice White and clad in solemn robes of black, the members of this court take their places on the raised platform at the east end of the courtroom. Above them is draped the flag of the nation. While all remain standing, the court crier's voice rings clearly throughout the chamber as he pro- nounces these words : "Oyez, Oyez, Oyez! All persons having business before the Supreme Court of the United States are admonished to draw near and give attention, for the court is now sitting. God save the United States and this honorable Court!" At a nod from the Chief Justice, his associates 14 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE are then seated in luxurious leather chairs placed immediately behind the long bench. Pages stand in attendance back of the Justices. Immediately in front of the bench are tables and chairs for those members of the American Bar who are admitted to practice before the Supreme Court. On the tables are found quills, a custom of colonial times, recalling the many men, who, regardless oif birth or inheritance, have attained the honor and distinction of practicing before the highest court in the land. Separated by a railing from the enclosure re- served for these attorneys are chairs for the specta- tors. Hundreds of American citizens and foreign visitors pass quietly in and out of this court room daily, deeply impressed by the wholesome dignity and strength of character of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court of National Jurisdiction To this court the federal prosecutors bring of- fending monopolies and trusts. Here labor and capital present their problems for solution, humble aliens appeal for protection, state rights are pre- served and national honor upheld. In the Supreme Court of the United States are determined our rights to pursue happiness, to enjoy liberty and to have life itself. Men charged with serious crimes turn to this tribunal to have their fate considered for the last THE LAW TRAINED MAN 15 time. It is the court of last resort — of last hope. Entirely removed from the suspicion of local prej- udice this court of courts is guided in its decisions solely by the dictates of law and equity. An appointment to this highest court is within your reach as a lawyer. "Learning, ability, industry and integrity, rarely find more certain reward than in the profession of the law." JUSTICE ORRIN N. CARTER, in Modern American Law. The Legal Profession The attorney alone can best fill the many posi- tions on the bench. Wliile Justices of the Peace are not always members of the bar, eventually they must learn the law. This places within the grasp of the members of the legal profession, the highest type of official honor and prestige. They naturally reserve for themselves the offices of City attorney. County Attorney. State's Attorney. Attorney General of the State. Federal District Attorney. Attorney General of the United States. Justice of the Peace. Municipal Judge. County Judge. State Supreme Court Justice. Federal District and Circuit Court of Appeal Judge. Justice of Court of Claims. Judge of Court of Customs Appeals. Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 16 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE No other profession or calling offers such oppor- tunity for independence, for prominence, for influ- ence and for the acquisition of wealth as does the profession of the law. He is a poor lawj^er, indeed, who cannot earn a larger income, a much better living, with the pleasure and satisfaction of an in- dependent life, than can the teacher, the preacher, or the employe in someone else's business. There is but one lawyer to about every 800 people in the United States. Surely the practice of law offers infinite opportunities. Guiding the Courts The lawyer guides the affairs of state, solves the problems of business and adjusts the disputes of individuals. His influence, his opportunities and his rewards are unequaled. He can attain political preferment, power and wealth. His knowledge commands social distinc- tion. His acquaintances include the prominent men in public and private life. His independence per- mits freedom of thought and of action. He can create opportunities and prepare for the high hon- ors which are within his reach. The lawyer guides every court in the land. In his arguments and briefs he assists these tribunals to decide questions correctly, to preserve the gov- ernment and to maintain justice. The prominent names in history are those of lawyers. In the years immediately following the THE LAW TRAINED MAN 17 American Revolution tlie most effective forces in bringing order out of chaos were the services of law trained men: Daniel Webster, William Pinckney, Rufus Choate, Jeremiah Mason, Alexander Hamil- ton, James Madison, John Jay, John C, Calhoun, Henry Clay, Patrick Henry. Todaj^ the complex problems of modern govern- ment, personal affairs and x\^merican business re- quire more than ever the services of lawyers: "This Country never needed lawyers who were also statesmen more than it needs them now; it needs them in its courts, in its legislatures, and in its seats of execu- tive authority." PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON, to the American Bar Association. Hence the prominent men in public life are those who are law trained. History will name many of them: President Woodrow Wilson, Hon. William Howard Taft; Former Attorney General Wicker- sham, the trust prosecutor; Stephen S. Gregory, former President of the American Bar Association ; Herbert S. Hadley, former governor of Missouri; Luther Laflin Mills and Levy Mayer of Chicago; Joseph W. Folk, the celebrated prosecutor; Frank B. Kellogg, the attorney for the Interstate Com- merce Commission; Judge Kenesaw Landis; Clar- ence Harrow, the lawyer for labor ; Judge Ben Lind- sey, the friend of children. You can prepare for similar honors by reading the Modern American Law Course and Service. 18 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE "The Modern American Law Course and Service offers thorough preparation in law for applicants for admission to the bar." J. BERT MILLER, President, Kankakee County, Illinois, Bar Association. How THE Lawyer Influences Business Increased legislation requires the services of at- torneys for the interpretation of statutes. Old laws are continually expanding in their construction ; for instance, the Interstate Commerce Clause in the Federal Constitution. It is the privilege of tlie lawyer and judge to interpret these provisions and to advise and guide their clients. So long as laws are made, so long as trade must move, so long as agreements must be upheld, and so long as business and society must be maintained, BO long will the services of the attorney be required. "It is difficult to see how civilized society can dispense with the profession of the law. The disputes between men must be settled either by force or by public au- thority. As the population of the country increases and business becomes more complex and varied, a greater necessity will exist for men trained in the law." JUSTICE CARTER, Supreme Court of Illinois. There was never a time when clients consulted attorneys more frequently and freely. Appreciat- ing the intimate relationship of law and business, the layman has learned the lesson of obtaining the advice of his counsel. Visits to the law office have THE LAW TRAINED MAN l& become as common as those to the physician. The lawyer is, therefore, retained from year to year by large firms to give counsel and keep his clients out of litigation. Many a business house engages at- torneys to devote their entire time to the protection and enforcement of its rights. The business world has turned to the law trained man for assistance. His services are sought to di- rect business enterprises. He is appointed to mem- bership on boards of directors. He is asked to be- come the head of great industrial enterprises. In organizing corporations, and through his in- timate relationship with his clients, the attorney is continually in a position where he can make invest- ments and reap large profits. Lawyers add greatly to their income through the increased values of shares of stock which they received for services ren- dered in the conduct of some business. How THE Lawyer Directs Public Affairs The lawyer has always been selected to fill the highest public honors within the gift of our democ- racy. The knowledge and training which he ac- quires eliminates serious competition for these hon- ors on the part of other vocations and professions. Public affairs are thus exclusively the field for the man who is law trained. So important are the opportunities of ambitious men in public life that the fourth chapter of this book is devoted to their faithful story. 20 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Your possibilities as a law trained man in this ever-growing field — with its ''acres of diamonds" — will there be told. How TO Become a Lawyer In the early history of the states men were ad- mitted to the bar with little training in the law. They acquired their knowledge of fundamental prin- ciples after they began to practice. Lincoln studied law from such few books as he could obtain. Were he a law student today it is doubtful if even he could prepare for the bar un- less he followed a well-rounded and systematically arranged course in law. "Conditions now are widely different from those of that time," says Justice Carter, of the Supreme Court of Illinois, in the Modern American Law Course and Service. "The young man who. has a regular course in law necessarily stands the better chance of reaching true success in the practice of the profession than one who never had an oppor- tunity for this preliminary study." The resident schools offer the best preparation for the bar to those who can leave their homes and occupations to attend daily sessions. These schools, however, can serve only a few of the great number of ambitious men and women who are naturally in- clined toward the law and seek to practice that great profession. To meet their needs the Blackstone Institute pro- THE LAW TRAINED MAN 21 vides a thorough and systematically organized course in law. An ever-growing number of men and women find in this method the only efficient substi- tute for resident study. It is based on law school standards and conducted in accordance with uni- versity ideals. "My attention was called to the class of work being done by your Institute. I have given it considerable investigation and I desire most earnestly to commend it to the young men of our country." HON. JOHN L. BURNETT, Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. House of Representatives, United States. You should realize that mere admission to the bar is not the most important thing in the making of a lawyer. It onlj^ entitles you to practice law. But to be able to practice law you must have the thorough practical knowledge furnished by the Blackstone Institute Course and Service. "I must confess that I have harbored a prejudice against 'correspondence' systems of teaching law students, based upon the fact that those of which I have known heretofore were designed to get young men through examinations for the bar — not to give them any scien- tific instruction in the law. 'Modern American Law' is entirely different from these systems. It is scientific in arrangement, broad in its scope, entirely practical." JUSTICE HENRY A. MELVIN, Supreme Court of California. This Course and Service is especially adapted for those who must earn while they learn. It furnishes 22 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE features which otherwise are to be found only in a college course. Distinguished judges, prominent lawyers and educators in leading law schools de- clare this method to be the best system of study- ing law at home. Our Graduates in Practice In all of the more than twenty-five years of the existence of this school, we have heard of only four of our graduates who have failed in their bar ex- aminations, and some of these passed on their sec- ond attempt. Consider the thousands that were successful and you have the most conclusive and convincing evidence of the success of our methods. Few resident schools can point to such a record. We agree to coach free any graduate of Black- stone Institute who, if otherwise qualified, fails to pass the bar examination. "At a time when so many inferior courses in law are offered to those who do not have every opportunity to investigate, I am genuinely pleased to be able to recom- mend your course of instruction to every one interested in the study of law. "It is thorough, complete, authoritative, clear, inter- esting, and the result of a careful plan worked out by distinguished educators in the leading law schools of the several states." JUSTICE FRANK R. GAYNOR. Supreme Court of Iowa. CHAPTER III LAW AND AMERICAN BUSINESS A Business Man's Mistake • •11 /r^- HALL, you have made a serious mis- l/l take. Your firm will have to pay for -^'-*- those coats." The attorney for a large retail store in Chicago was reprimanding the buyer for the knit goods de- partment. "What do you mean?" Hall asked with much surprise. ''Just what I said," explained the lawyer. ''The Minneapolis people can collect damages from your company." "But I canceled the order," Hall insisted. "I notified them not to send the goods." "That makes no difference," said the lawyer. "Now, follow me carefully, for this is what you have done! "The recent cold wave increased your sale of sweater coats. To replenish your stock, you mailed an order to the Minneapolis Knit Goods Company for fifty dozen coats at $14.50. Then another firm offered you similar goods for $13.75. So you ac- cepted their offer and wired the Minneapolis people to cancel the order. Am I right?" asked the attor- ney. [ 23 ] BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE "Yes — that is the situation exactly," Hall an- swered. '*I canceled the order. And here is the telegram they wired back : "Wire received. Wool market down. Cannot cancel. Are crating goods." "Then," the lawyer continued, "you refused to accept the goods. Now your firm faces a law suit." He read the statement of claim which had been filed in court: "Plaintiff's demand is for goods and merchandise sold and delivered to the defendant herein as follows, to wit: November 26, 1914, 50 dozen sweater coats at $14.50, amounting to a total of $725.00. "The aforesaid sum has not been paid and is still due and owing to the plaintiff herein, wherefore the plaintiff asks judgment for the said sum." "They cannot win," insisted Hall, "I canceled the order." "That order cannot be canceled. It is a contract and therefore binding. Suppose the market had gone up and the Minneapolis firm wanted to cancel the order. You could hold them. It is only fair then that they can hold you." The lawyer took up a volume from a series he had on his desk. "Let me show you why your can- cellation has no standing in law, by reading from the first volume of this work, 'Modern American Law': " 'An order sent to a dealer for goods is an offer to buy.' "Now listen to this: THE LAW TRAINED 3IAN 25 " 'If an offer has been accepted before revocation, it may not be revoked.' "So you see, Hall," the lawyer explained, "when you sent your order for the sweater coats to the Minneapolis people you were making them an offer. They accepted it by starting to fill the order. Once it was accepted, 3'Our order could no longer be can- celed by either of you. You were bound by a con- tract. Whoever refuses to j^erform is liable for breach of contract." "Is there nothing we can do?" Hall asked. "Nothing. Your company is liable for breach of contract," advised the lawyer. "I have made a nice mistake," Hall was forced to acknowledge. "If I had had any idea that an order was so important in law, I certainly should have acted differently." The lawyer hesitated a moment and then con- tinued : "Let me give you some friendly advice, Hall — read laiv! I do not mean that you should become a lawyer. But you should be in a position to know when a legal situation confronts you. At least you should know when to consult me. If you do not study law, you never will know." "I never thought of it that way," Hall com- mented. "Unless you do, the chances are that you will be coming to me for advice on all sorts of unnecessary points, and then finally fail to come when you really 26 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE need legal advice. If you know the underlying prin- ciples of the law you will know how to handle just such a situation as faced you in the Minneapolis matter. If you had studied law for only a couple of months you could have saved your jBrm $725.00 in this case, not to mention your own humiliation, and even danger of losing your position." ''You are right," answered Hall. ''I can see now why business men should be law trained. But I cannot go to law school. Besides, I am so busy, how could I ever find time to study law?" The lawyer replied quickly, ''Hall, the only peo- ple who have no time to progress are those who never get out of a rut. The busier the business man the more time he has. He makes time, especially when it means protection for his business. Of course, you cannot go to law school, but there is another efficient method by which you can become law trained." "What is it?" Hall asked. The lawyer again took up the volume of "Mod- ern American Law," from which he had read. "Here is a work upon which an efficient course in law is based. The system is called, 'Modem Amer- ican Law Course and Service. ' It is prepared espe- cially to meet the needs of men like yourself — men who cannot attend a resident law school. Every- thing in this work is so authoritative and interest- ing, however, that like hundreds of other lawyers I have obtained 'Modern American Law' to keep it on my desk for my daily practice." THE LAW TRAINED MAN 27 I Hall followed the advice of his lawyer and en- rolled for the Modem American Law Course and Service of Blackstone Institute. Many other busi- ness men have adopted the same suggestion. "I enrolled for your Course upon the advice of our attorney." H. D. FARGO, Secretary and Treasurer, Telephony Publishing Company, Chicago. Law Directs Business If you are a business man — executive, subordinate or clerk — you must daily decide questions of law. Undoubtedly you "guess" right in a great many cases. But there is forever the danger of taking the wrong step. Without prior warning, and with- out your even considering the necessity of employ- ing counsel, one mistake as to the law may be fatal and throw you into bankruptcy. You may even risk fine and imprisonment. "The big risk in business is the legal risk." J. P. MORGAN. What are some of these questions which every business man faces daily? Here are just a few of an infinite number, the answers to which you must know or take a dangerous chance : Must an order be in writing? When does title to goods pass? To what extent may an agent bind his principal? When is the endorser of a note not liable? Are you liable for the debts of a corporation if you hold stock and bonds? 28 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE • Are you liable for the injuries, or tlie damages in- flicted by a member of your family, or by one of your employes? What is reasonable restraint of trade? What claims take precedence in a bankruptcy case? Who owns the sidewalk in front of your property? For what family expenses is a husband or father not liable? What are the duties of an executor or a trustee? When may you break a contract? Mention the most minute detail of your daily business existence and it will relate to the law : En- gaging an employe, ordering goods, renting space, keeping books, writing a letter, ordering a meal, selling merchandise, conveying property, sleeping in a Pullman berth — each of these commonplace inci- dents involves the most exacting legal rules. To avoid suits for damages, the merchant must know to what degree he can ''boost" the merits of his goods ; the employer must know when he may rightfully discharge an employe; the banker must know whether the maker may stop payment on a certified check. "Since practically every business transaction is based on some legal principle, and since it is obviously im- practical to call in a legal adviser every moment of the day, business men have realized the necessity of acquir- ing sufficient knowledge of the law to act intelligently when a legal situation arises — it would seem therefore that the 'Modern American Law Course and Service' should be followed by all young business men who ex- pect to attain executive positions, and by all executives who have not already received a legal training." W. H. HIMMEL, General Salesman, Carson. Pirie, Scott d Co., Chicago. the law trained man 29 Ignokance of the Law Excuses No One The law will not permit you to defend your mis- takes because you do not know legal principles. Courts enforce this rule: "Ignorance of the Law Excuses No One," This maxim of the centuries has caused enormous losses in business through failure to learn law. Con- sequently a rule of business conduct arose. This provides : ''Ignorance of the Laiv is Inexcusable." Business men do not excuse a salesman for mis- representing their goods. They do not excuse a defect in the production of those goods. They have also ceased to consider a mistake in law as an item to be charged merely to the chances of business. They regard such avoidable mistakes as absolutely inexcusable — the same as they consider the mistakes which an accountant may make in adding his fig- ures. It is no longer sufficient merely to know the principles of finance, accounting, sales and produc- tion — at least a working knowledge of how these forces in business may be legally applied is abso- lutely essential. Costly Litigation It is said that eighty-five per cent of the civil suits filed in the courts throughout the United States involve business disputes. The judgments rendered in these cases amount to millions of dol- lars. In addition, court costs, witnesses' fees and 30 BLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE attorneys ' fees — in many cases equal to the amount of the judgment — must be paid. Tliis expense which cuts into profits is avoidable, because a knowledge of the principles of law will prevent a very large part of business litigation. A legal training makes is unnecessary to spend many dollars to determine whether one dollar shall be paid by one man to another. Business men are quick to grasp a ready and efficient means to avoid any expense which reduces profits. An ever-growing number of business men, therefore, enroll for the Modern American Law Course and Service of Blackstone Institute. "I know of two instances where this knowledge has been the direct means of saving our company consider- able money." WALTER O. FORD, Ford Manufacturing Co., Chicago. Here for the first time you obtain the exact legal information you require to avoid those countless mistakes in law which other business men have made. These mistakes occurred in situations that are daily repeated in your business life. "To read law is to learn the mistakes of other business men. In every law suit one or the other side has blun- dered. If you learn wherein and why that side failed, you can fortify your business against the same errors.'' This important legal knowledge is acquired by the Blackstone Institute method in a surprisingly short time and with little effort. Yet, the results THE LAW TRAINED MAN 31 are entered on the credit side of the profit and loss account. "I have followed your course long enough to realize that it is of great value to me in the way of avoiding mistakes that can just as well be eliminated." GEORGE M. SEAMAN, President, Birmingham & Seaman Co., Chicago. Innumerable are the instances in every law trained business man's career where a knowledge of law has enabled him to steer clear of error, mis- take and loss. Innumerable also are the instances where a knowledge of the law has enabled him to grasp situations and foresee and bring about re- sults which, without it, he could never have done. Without a legal education a man cannot efficiently handle thousands — with it he is competent to direct the use of millions. A Business Man's Lawyer In the eyes of the law, an attorney is the agent of his client. Unless specifically limited, he has a wide range of implied authority. He may, for instance, dismiss a case, receive money paid for a judgment, take an appeal and incur expenses by employing clerks and paying court costs. "The express authority given an attorney may be as broad or limited as the client desires, but a general authority to manage a cause for the client as his attor- ney of record may imply many incidental powers." > MODERN AMERICAN LAW. Seldom does the business man or client appre- ciate this almost infinite authority in his lawyer. 32 BLACKSTOXE IXSTITUTE Instead of regarding him as an agent, wliicli the haw dechires the lawyer to be, the client enters into this important fiduciary relationship with little or no idea of the extent to which he wishes his lawyer to proceed. As a matter of business policy and with no more inclination to consider counsel a suspicious charac- ter than to regard an accountant a dangerous per- son because he is placed under bond, a client should know what authority the law gives to his lawyer. Intelligent limitations of authority are welcome alike to the lawyer and the client. They are best made only if one is familiar with the law. It becomes highly important, therefore, to ascer- tain what authority a lawyer should have to con- duct your affairs properly. May he endorse a check in your favor? May he compromise your case? May he engage additional employes? In your relations with your lawyer a knowledge of the law as it affects your own business is essen- tial. You must know, therefore, what the law con- siders as important facts. Yet, one will approach his lawyer on a matter involving considerable sums of money, or property rights, or domestic difficul- ties, with little or no information beyond what has actually happened. Were an accident to occur in his shop wherein an employe suffered an injury, the employer would be at a loss what evidence to obtain and preserve. He would not appreciate what was necessary. THE LAW TRAINED 31 AX 33 The lawyer would try to assist him. But as he can draw only on his own experience, in asking his questions, he may easily omit a very important factor. But if the chent understands legal principles he would at once interview each witness, take down what was said, photograph the scene and get a statement from the physician. He would know what the law considers determining points. He would be in a position to defend himself against unjust claims or perjured testimony. The client is not expected to try the ease. He is expected to bring to the lawyer evidence of facts that have distinguished the important incidents and separated the ''wheat" from the ''chaif." He can readily succeed in this by reading a well-rounded and properly organized course in law. The practical legal information provided by the Blackstone Institute Course and Service comes to the subscriber in such form that he can use it at once in his business. He learns to think logically —to analyze problems carefully— and to solve them correctly. He need not pass the bar examination to win success. It is sufficient if he is a law trained man. Teained Brains "Win Success The problems in present day business are too complicated to be solved to the best advantage by men who do not have a legal training. A knowl- edge of law has become just as essential to the 34 BLACKSTOXE IXSTITUTE American business man as a knowledge of finance, accounting-, production and sales. Knowledge is brain development, Brams pro- duce success. Business men, therefore, require the services of men with trained brains because they help to build business success. The brain of the law trained man is highly developed. Hence he is always preferred — he can think clearly and logically — he has the power to analyze, to construct, to direct and to control. The chief duty of tlie business executive is to decide questions correctly and promptly. He can most readily acquire this ability through a law training. His grasp of first principles and the development of his powers of analysis teach him a true appreciation of the questions involved. Then he can answer them at once and right. "Law teaches a habit of close reasoning. Who has not heard men speak of a lawyer-like treatment of a matter that has been skillfully developed and convincingly proved?" DEAN WM. HOYNES, Notre Dame University. Law trained men are not selected to direct busi- ness because they have large money interests. Few of those who now enjoy success possessed any amount of property before they were chosen to fill resjjonsible and lucrative positions. Their capital was their brains, not money. Such men do not usurp the functions of the lawj^er. They make no attempt to displace the counsel for the company — but they assist their attorneys by THE LAW TRAINED MAN 35 acting within the law, by avoiding litigation and by bringing to their advisers a clear, concise statement of any particular matter. "A law training results in a broad knowledge of men and business principles." The Law Trained Man" in Business Law trained men direct the affairs of the largest mercantile and manufacturing enterprises in the United States. In fact, practically every line of commercial activity has chosen its leaders from those who have read law. Public service companies, such as the New York and Chicago Surface Lines, are guided by presi- dents who know legal principles. Nationally known firms elect to their highest offices the law trained man. A. W. Green, President of the National Bis- cuit Company; E. J. Wlielan of the United Cigar Stores Company of New York; Chas. G. Dawes, President of the Central Trust Company of Illinois, Chicago; James F. Meagher, President of the Peo- ples Gas Light and Coke Company, Chicago ; John Wanamaker of Philadelphia, and John V. Farwell, all read law. The late Marshall Field and A. T. Stewart were also law trained men. Hon. Elbert H. Gary, distinguished as lawyer and judge, was selected to manage the affairs of the United States Steel Corporation. Under his able direction it has become the largest and one of the best managed corporations in the United States. 36 BLACK8T0NE INSTITUTE Countless other instances may readil}' be given of men who attribute to their law training a consid- erable portion of their success. Legalizing Business Law appeals to the progressive type of men in every occupation. The subscribers to the Modern American Law Course and Service of Blackstone Institute include alike executives, subordinates and clerks. In this one respect all stand equal, all haye the same goal — a legal education. To make the ex- ecutive more efficient, to tit the ambitious subordi- nate to become an executive officer, a law training is essential. "I realize now, as I did not before, the value of this class of reading to every one, no matter what his occu- pation may be." JOHN C. BOLTZ, of Boltz, Clymer d Co., Cigar Mfrs., Philadelphia and Ta'rnpa. To classify all of the men who find the law essen- tial would be to fill jjages of a long chapter. Not alone the officers and employes in the manufactur- ing comiJanies, but those in the financial, trading, mining and transportation lines enroll for this Course and Service. In greater degree than ever *' business is becoming legalized"; i. e., it is absorb- ing the law as one of its essential branches. This is the case in the railroad service, where the law trained man is preferred. In recent years an ever-growing number of law trained men have been appointed to the responsible offices in the great rail- THE LAW TRAINED MAN 37 road systems. Hale Holden, trained in the law, was recently elected President of the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railroad. Likewise Harry R. Kurrie, an attorney, was elected President of the Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville Railroad. R. S. Lovett, Chairman of the Board of Directors and former President of the Union Pacific, was a judge. Thomas F. Freeman, President of the International & Great Northern Railroad, was grounded in legal principles, as were A. H. Dooley, former President of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas; A. T. Johnson, Passenger Traffic Manager of the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, and Stuyvesant Fish, for- mer President of the Illinois Central Railroad. Among the deceased railroad men who were law trained were M. E. Ingalls, President of the Big Four System; Robert Mather, President of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, and afterwards of the Westinghouse Manufacturing Co. ; L. Tuttle, President of the Boston & Maine Railroad; A. F. Walker, President of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, and George F. Baer, President of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad. The law trained man is similarly to be found among financiers. Bankers, accountants, credit men and brokers read law as carefully as they keep ac- count books and record their transactions. James Stillman, banker and director of many railroads, predicts that before another ten years passes by every executive in a bank and most executives in business will be required to have a law training. This training, he points out, not only will enable 38 BLACK STOXE IXSTITUTE them better to protect the interests they represent, but it will develop them into efficient executives. The banker urges his emploj^e to read law be- cause it makes him a highly efficient employe. "To be able to recognize a legal situation and to act ac- cordingly," he explains, "is money protected." "The value of a knowledge of the law on the part of the banker, either officer or subordinate, is too well recognized to require comment. It is therefore a pleas- ure to recommend your Modern American Law Course and Service to all interested in obtaining a thoroughly- practical course of instruction in law." FRANK STEVENS, Assistant Cashier, American Trust d Savings Bank, Birmingham, Ala. The Certified Public Accountant is required in most states to read law. The very nature of his business presumes a working legal knowledge. Ac- countants realize, for instance, that to keep a set of books which will be admissible in evidence requires a knowledge of law. The credit man is constantly depending upon legal information. He must have a ready knowledge of the law of judgments, garnishments and attach- ments. He must know to what exemptions the debtor is entitled. Contract law, bankruptcy and criminal law are alike of great importance to him. "My course with you has been of inestimable value to me, not only in my business, but in the broadened view of business in general." M. C. PALMER, United Mercantile Agency, Dss Moines, Iowa. The broker is helpless without a clear knowledge THE LAW TRAINED 31 AN 39 of law. To protect the interests of his customers as well as those of his own, he must know whether or not an issue of bonds is legal. He should know how to draft a conditional sale, and what writing is necessary to bind a contract. His business in- timately concerns options, receivers, private corpo- rations, sales, personal property and their allied branches in the law. A knowledge of the law will protect the investor in the purchase of securities. Very often he has ignored the etfect of the law on investments and has suffered losses. The information he receives in the Modern American Law Course and Service will be especially valuable in avoiding these questionable investments. The daily business affairs of a real estate firm in- volve the most important legal questions. In fact, this business partakes of the nature of that of a practicing lawyer. Questions in conveyancing must be constantly answered in drafting deeds, contracts for sales and renting agreements. Just as essential is a knowledge of the rights of landlord and tenant, municipal corporations, torts, and in fact all branches of the law. Publishing and advertising ventures are affected in all their angles by the law. Wholesale and retail houses of every kind are concerned in legal ques- tions. Many successful men in public life, in business and in the practice of the legal profession have been re- cruited from the ranks of the teaching profession. 40 BLACESTONE INSTITUTE Teachers' habits of thought and study make them peculiarly adapted to the study of law and fitted for its many opportunities. Public officials as well as employes in the service of the state and federal governments find in the Modern American Law Course and Service a ready means to acquire a legal training. The most de- sirable positions in the public service are those where law trained men are preferred. You can pre- pare to hold them by reading law now with the Blackstone Institute. In every business and vocation the law trained man is needed. He receives first consideration and is selected for the better positions. "Legal training on the part of the executive heads of large business enterprises has become exceedingly valu- able, and the demand for men of business ability and legal training is already so great as to make it almost impossible to locate the right men for the more im- portant positions. "What I say is based on our experience, but I am sure that other lines of business are having the same trouble in securing men of ability who have a knowledge of law to fill the more responsible positions. "Your Course and Service would seem to answer that problem, as it will enable the ambitious man to advance more rapidly in his chosen field. This movement to assist business by increasing the supply of highly trained men should meet with the hearty support of all executives." RICORD GRADWELL, 2ncl Vice-President, Oliver Typewriter Co. Fifteen of the branch managers of the Oliver Typewriter Company are law trained men. THE LAW TRAINED 3IAN 41 Blackstone Institute offers an interesting Course in law, easy to understand. No specific preliminary education or experience is necessary to follow the Course successfully; hence, none is required. Sub- scribers need only the ambition to succeed. Nothing indicates the elasticity of the Institute Course and Service so well as the preliminary training of the subscribers. They include men and women of vari- ous ages, degrees of education and business experi- ence. Some are college graduates. Others have received high school training and still others only the rudi- ments of a common school education. In extent of experience, the same difference is to be found. Not only the business executive, the subordinate and the clerk study the Course, but also those who seek to be lawyers as well as lawyers themselves. Blackstone Institute thus enables those who can- not attend a resident school because of age, time, or expense, or insufficient entrance credits, to acquire a knowledge of law and to become law trained men. "Men actively engaged in business and young men of ambition who cannot spare the time or the money to attend law schools, can, through the Modern American Law Course and Service, obtain substantially the same instruction that they would in the regular schools." CHAS. H. SCOTT, President, Southern Gas Co., Ala. CHAPTER IV PUBLIC LIFE AND SOCIAL SERVICE Public Office PUBLIC office is one of the distinctive rewards which go to the law trained man. Of every hundred men in the public eye — presidents, cabinet officers, senators, congressmen, governors — more than two-thirds are men of legal training. Our democracy has always invited the man who knows law to fill its highest offices of honor and trust. If you wish to enjoy the privileges of political honor, you must first read law. This is only natural because the very offices which you seek are created by law and the rights and duties attached to your future position will be defined by law. You must know how to make decisions, how to act promptly and correctly. You must be able to meet people without embarrassment, to inspire confidence, and to address audiences. No training can equal that of the law to help you accomplish these things. As a law trained man, you are qualified for elec- tion or appointment to any public office. You have [42] THE LAW TRAINED MAN 43 the best training to fulfill your duties. You are a member of the new profession — the profession of leaders — ^who alone can satisfactorily perform the duties of the highest governmental position. Nearly every President of the United States was trained in the law. President Wilson and all but one member of his cabinet studied law. In fact, as Presi- dent Wilson has said: "I am in part the embodiment of the law." Address to American Bar Association. In Congress sixty per cent of the members are law trained men. In the state legislative assemblies the great majority of the members have acquired a knowledge of law. "Lawyers probably make up the majority of every legislative body in the United States." SENATOR ELIHU ROOT, Neio York. Similar conditions prevail in other departments of our national and state governments. Everywhere the law trained man occupies the highest positions. In the choice, for instance, of ambassadors, minis- ters and consuls in the foreign countries, the law trained man is preferred. His duties involve a knowledge of legal rights. Consequently he must know the law. As the representative of a great nation, he must be well informed and qualified to move in the highest official circles in the world of 44 BLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE nations. He is considered to be best qualified for this honor, if he is law trained. Appointments to trade commissions, to boards and to administrative bodies always include the law trained man. His broad-gauged brain is needed — his knowledge of human affairs as reflected in the law of the centuries is indispensable. This law training is acquired in the Modern American Law Course and Service. The most important public offices for which the Law Trained Man is especially qualified are : NATIONAL GOVEENMENT pEEsiDENT of the United States Vice-Peesident of the United States Cabinet Officers including Secretary of State Secretary of Treasury Secretary of War Attorney General Postmaster General Secretary of Navy Secretary of Interior Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce and Labor Departmental Officers Assistant Secretaries 'Chiefs of Bureaus Customs Land THE LAW TRAINED MAN 45 Pension Indian Reclamation Interstate Commerce Irrigation Commissioner of Patents Registrar of Copyrights Foreign Service Ambassador Extraordinary- Envoy Extraordinary Minister Plenipotentiary Minister Resident Secretary of Legations Consul General Vice Consul Commercial Agent Senate House of Representatives United States Commissioners Referees in Bankruptcy STATE GOVERNMENT Governor Lieutenant Governor Secretary of State Attorney General Treasurer • Auditor Superintendent of Public Instruction Public Utilities Tax Boards 46 BLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE County Clerk County Boards State Senator State Representative Commissions Chiefs of Bureaus Insurance Superintendent Industrial Board Employers Liability Commission Examining Board Civil Service Commission. LOCAL GOVERNMENT Mayor Corporation Counsel City Attorney City Clerk City Treasurer Bureaus Aldermen Building Commissioner Superintendent of Jails Commissioner of Public Works City Comptroller City Collector Department of Public Service Civil Service Commissioner Board of Local Improvements Board of Examiners Election Commissioners. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 47 Civil Sekvice The requirements in the civil service are higher than ever before. But a law training will pass you easily through the examination. It will count as a "higher education" credit and brings you among those at the top. "Men and women in the public service should read this Course to insure personal success and the betterment of the public service." ROBERT M. SWEITZER, County Clerk, Cook County, Illinois. Social Seevice Chief Justice Winslow, of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, appeals for wider civic and social service in "The Modern Democracy, The Citizen and The Law ' ' — the introductory article in Modern American Law Course and Service. Here are some of his great truths — the reasons why broad minded men who have won their way, seek to lighten some of the burdens of the masses. For centuries individualism has been the keynote of civilization, especially in this land which has boasted so loudly of its freedom and equality. We have gloried in the idea that every man was the master of his own destiny and must fight his battle alone; we have seen the struggle for wealth and social distinction,— nay, even for the necessities of life become fiercer and fiercer, and we have condoned the ruthless cruelty and selfish- ness of it all on the ground that all citizens have equal opportunities and that the triumph of the strong and the trampling down of the weak is but the working of Nature's immutable and righteous law. 48 BLACE8T0XE INSTITUTE But the consciousness that man cannot live for him- self alone has come at last; the public conscience is awake; we now, for the first time, realize faintly and imperfectly the marvelous significance of the parable of the good Samaritan. We are learning who are our neighbors and we are realizing that an injury to "one of the least of these" is an injury to society as a whole. Thousands of men and women with the spirit of the good Samaritan in their hearts are hearing the call, — men and women who could, if they chose, be clothed in purple and fine linen, and fare sumptuously every day. But they have chosen the better part. Comparatively speaking, their work has but just begun, and yet there are results to show. The slum is yielding to the settle- ment. The haunts of vice in the great cities are still practically untouched, but there is handwriting on the wall, and the waves of an awakened public sentiment are rising with ominous strength. Everywhere earnest men and women are banding together and devising ways and means, either by way of legislation or agitation, or both, by which moral standards shall be raised, the frightful injustice of modern life in the great cities shall be corrected, disease vanquished, vice made hateful and life made to hold forth its promise of hope and joy to the most unfortunate. Not only shall we require the services of the skilled investigator and philosopher in the preparation of the new laws; not only shall we require the legislative expert in our national and state legislatures; but, above all, we shall require an educated electorate — an electo- rate capable of appreciating the nature of the problems presented, and sufficiently acquainted with present con- ditions, both material and legal, to be able to judge of the wisdom of the proposed legislation, and vote in- telligently thereon. The law trained man can render these sacred services — effectively and at once. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 49 Because lie is indeed a picked leader — a man whose influence is that of the lawyer, the clergyman, the officer and the business man— combined in one true citizen. The Modern American Law Course and Service is tlie means to gain this enviable goal, "I have particularly enjoyed reading Modern American Law. The articles are so clear that the layman may be interested and profit by their perusal." JUSTICE LETTON, Suprevie Court of Nebraska. CHAPTER V FOUNDATION OF BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Studying Law in the Law Office IN A law office at Farmington, Iowa, several decades ago, a young man was explaining his ambitions and failures to a lawyer friend by the name of Howe. "Howe," said the young man, ''I have decided to change my vocation. The opportunities offered to the law trained man seem to be infinite. I intend to acquire a training in law. Whether I practice or enter business, I am convinced that a knowledge of the law will make me successful. What is the first step I should take to learn law? What books shall I read?" The lawyer turned to his book shelves, hesitated a moment and answered, ''Read Blackstone's Com- mentaries first. Then you can read some of my other books." Thereupon, in a frontier lawyer's office, John Forrest Dillon began the study of law. After studying Blackstone's Commentaries he found that there were at that time practically no other law books by which he could learn legal principles. So he applied for admission to the bar. He was ad- mitted and began to practice. [50] THE LAW TRAINED MAN 51 In a few years Dillon was elected prosecuting attorney and later appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Iowa. Subsequently, he became counsel for great railroad systems. While he prac- ticed he reviewed again and again the great fun- damental principles of the law in order to keep a firm grasp of governing legal rules. Consequently he was regarded as an authority. Courts Hstened to him with careful attention. Business men, who controlled millions of dollars, waited in his ante-chamber because his opinions were invaluable. He provided the profession with monumental treatises on the principles of impor- tant branches of the law. .As a mark of the high esteem in which he was regarded by bench and bar, Judge Dillon was elected president of the American Bar Association. Its members include judges and lawyers from every state of the Union. Honor, fortune and the satisfaction of a dis- tinguished and successful career were Judge Dil- lon's rewards. His somewhat haphazard method of studying law until recently was typical of the manner in which men once became law trained. They read those dusty and formidable law books which the lawyer happened to own. As a result, their studies in- cluded much obsolete matter, which in addition was written in a tiresome, heavy style. Although there has been a splendid array of of- fice bred lawyers, such office training alone is be- 52 BLACKSTONE IXSTITUTE coming more and more difficult without outside stimulation. The law has grown beyond its early boundaries. The average practitioner does not have time or inclination to digest or explain the law to the office student. Changed conditions in the modern law office and the introduction of the typewriter have also left little more for the office student than running errands and answering court calls. Thus, if you are to succeed in obtaining a lawyer- like command of governing principles, you must obtain systematic direction and stimulus from a source outside of the lawyer's office. While the ''law is a science to be learned out of books," those books are read with the greatest profit only when included in a well-rounded and properly organized course. "The time has gone by when an eminent lawyer in full practice can take a class of students into his office and become their teacher. Once that was practical, but now it is not." CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE. Today, by means of modern methods, men and women can realize their ambitions to be law trained and acquire the benefits of a legal education with- out the sacrifice of time, effort and money which faces the lawyer apprentice. They can learn the fundamental principles of law in far less time and with more thoroughness than ever before by the Blackstone Institute method. the law trained man 53 The Residext School The first distinct step away from the haphazard instruction offered in the law office was the organi- zation of the resident law school. Much credit is due to law educators for their persistent efforts in maintaining high standards and modernizing the methods of reading law. The schools have made steady progress, so that today they have displaced the law office by offering thorough instruction in law to those who are able to attend. The resident schools appreciate, however, that their field of service is limited. Of the great num- ber of men and women who seek a training in law only a few comparatively can attend the sessions of the law school. A certain inelasticity in the resi- dent course of study has also made it impracticable, for example, for the business man to obtain that business law training which he seeks. As the resi- dent school could not meet the needs of so many men and women who wished to read law to prac- tice the profession or for business purposes, there has been an ever-increasing demand for an institu- tion which could furnish a convenient, practical and elastic course in law. Nox-Resident Coueses A similar problem has existed in other depart- ments of the universities. State institutions have conceived it to be their duty, therefore, to bring instruction to the people. 54 BLACESTONE INSTITUTE "If there are ambitious men and women who cannot go to college, the college can in a very wide and true sense come to them." DAVID STARR JORDAN, President, Leland Stanford Junior University. Their first experiments in non-resident courses demonstrated clearly the demand for and possi-- bilities of home study courses in all branches of human knowledge. Consequently an ever-growing number of home study courses are otfered by the universities. In 1914, in one university alone, over six thousand students enrolled for non-resident courses. What was at first an experiment has now become an established educational system. Non-Resident Coueses in Law Universities, however, have not attempted to offer a home study course in law. Peculiar prol)- lems faced them and made it impractical for the faculty of one school alone to offer adequate in- struction for home study. The demand for an efficient system of studying law continued to make itself felt in a variety of ways. For example, the law schools had for years been receiving letters requesting advice as to courses in law. The requests came not only from those who wished to prepare for the bar, but also from energetic business men and those who desired to enter the public service. The schools were obliged to reply that with the exception of Black- stone Institute and The Sprague Correspondence School of Law, the only satisfactory way to learn THE LAW TRAINED MAN 55 law was to attend the resident school. They re- fused to recommend the fragmentary attempts made by individuals and companies from time to time to supply this demand for an efficient reading course. It remained for Blackstone Institute, including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law, to create and organize a course to which the resident schools could conscientiously refer requests for a home study course in law. Here are brought together through the medium of an approved institution the experience of a. Deans and professors in the resident law schools. h. Instructors in university extension courses. c. Judges and lawyers. d. Public officials. e. Bar examiners. /. Business men. And to all this is added g. More than twenty-five j^ears' experience in preparing men at home for the bar, for business and for public life. The Speague Coeeespondexce School of Law. This institution is the oldest correspondence school of law. It was organized October 1, 1890, in Detroit, Michigan. The first advertisement of its course appeared in Youth's Companion, October 23, 1890. 56 RLACKSTONE INSTITUTE The Sprague Correspondence School of Law was incorporated in 1891 with a capital stock of $10,000, which was increased in 1901 to $50,000. Blackstone Institute Blackstone Institute was organized to create and conduct the Modern American Law Course and Service. The formation of the Institute was in di- rect response to the growing demand for a scien- tifically planned and systematically arranged Course in law to meet the needs of the law student, the busi- ness man and those who seek to be trained in law. This great institution has received the highest commendation of the cabinet officers of President Wilson, Supreme Court judges, lawyers, deans and professors in the leading law schools, and prom- inent business men. Blackstone Institute Including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law Blackstone Institute and the Sprague Correspond- ence School of Law united into one great institution under the name, BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE, Including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law, The Oldest and Largest Institution for Law Training in the World, in Ma}^, 1915, The capital stock of this combined schoofis $500,000. This consolidation marks an epoch in the history of law instruction. The result has been an im- THE LAW TRAINED MAN 57 proved Course wliicli far surpasses in thorough- ness, authority and simplicity anything which was heretofore possible. If you cannot go to one of the best colleges or university law schools, it is our purpose to bring the university law school course to you. We make your home a law university in itself. You receive the guidance of experienced and able men without the loss of a day's work or a dollar of income from your regular employment. You can master our Course in your spare time- in the odds and ends of your time, which added to- gether make for an education. "I am happy to recommend the admirable Course and Service of Blackstone Institute to those who want an efficient, practical home study law school. "Its scientific method, its high ethical and educational standards, and its very helpful personal service feature will appeal to those anxious to secure a strong non- resident law course. ••Because of its proven worth, and because its work can be carried along with a college course and without interference with one's occupation, I am more than pleased to commend Blackstone Institute and its work to those who apply to me for counsel." STEPHEN W. OILMAN, Professor of Commercial Law, University of Wisconsin. The Name The surname of the distinguished and learned jurist, Sir William Blackstone, was adopted by the Institute for three reasons : first, Blackstone is the BLACKSrONE INSTITUTE father of organized instruction in law; second, just as his primary purpose was to make accessible to laymen as well as to lawyers an accurate knowledge of the principles of law of that day, it is now the purpose of Blackstone Institute to disseminate a knowledge of modern American law; third, the high ideals which prompted him to undertake his task are the ideals of Blackstone Institute. "The Law — It has honored us — May we honor it." daniel webster. The Oegaxization^ The Modern American Law Course and Service is prepared and conducted by an organization made up of well known law school deans and professors, distinguished judges, prominent practicing attor- neys, bar examiners, and business men. These men also formulate the policies of the Institute. Inasmuch as an institution derives its strength from the men who are identified with it, a complete list of their names, records and qualifications is given in Chapter X. Anyone who studies these names may easily satisfy himself of the high stand- ing, merit and value of the Course and Service. The organization of Blackstone Institute in addi- tion to its Executive Officers, consists of three groups : staff. Special Lecturers. Editors and Authors of Modern American Law. The members of the Staff actively conduct the THE LAW TRAINED MAN 59 Modern American Law Course and Service in ac- cordance with university standards. Some of the members give their entire time and attention to the work of the Institute, while others give only a part of their time. The Special Lecturers are men of unusual ex- perience who have prepared Lectures especially for the Modern American Law Course and Service, These Lectures present some of the results of their experience. The Authors, sixty in all, are judges, lawyers and deans and professors in the law schools who con- tributed to Modern American Law, the basis of the Modern American Law Course and Service. "Their work is of the highest character, receiving the commendation of the leading legal authorities of the country." HON. MORRIS SHEPPARD, United States Senator. The Plan The Institute offers an approved reading Course and Service in law. The plan of the Institute is : First, to provide a discussion of the fundamental and governing principles of the law by means of a comprehensive commentary. Second, to supplement their discussion of princi- ples by Leading Illustrative Cases. Third, to direct and make interesting the study of these principles and cases by means of a series of Guides. 60 BLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE Fourth, to show the application of the principles in every-day affairs through a series of practical Lectures. Fifth, to test the student's knowledge through a series of Problems. Sixth, to help solve the student's individual prob- lems and difficulties through a Co-operative and Consulting Service. The Course and Service extends over a period of three years. A subscriber, however, may complete the Course as rapidly as he desires. The Text Books are delivered at the beginning, and the Guides, Lec- tures and Problems at intervals of two weeks throughout the term of three years, or as often as is desired. The Purposes The Course and Service is especially designed to meet the requirements of First, the law student who, unable to leave home or his occupation to attend a law school, wishes to follow a well organized course in law as a prepara- tion for practice. Second, the layman who requires a survey of legal principles sufficiently complete to give him a real insight into law as it affects his business and personal interests. Third, the ambitious man who seeks to enter the public service or engage in social work. Fourth, those who realize that a knowledge of law provides a liberal education. the law trained man 61 Blackstone Institute Ideals Blackstone Institute is founded in the belief that *'a knowledge of law should be the possession of the many and not of the few." It fills a long felt want among those ambitious men and women who are precluded from attendance at a resident school. Without interfering the Institute supplements in a very effective way the great work of these schools. The work of the Institute is guided by the high- est educational standards set by the legal profes- sion. It seeks always to retain not only the good will but also the co-operation and recommendation of all reputable members of the bench and bar. The Staff aims to provide those features of per- sonal and practical instruction in law which or- dinarily are to be found only in resident schools. Every opportunity is offered to the subscriber to obtain such special service as his individual needs require. The Institute offers you that training in law whereby you can achieve the successes won by law trained men. The Modern American Law Course and Service by which this training is acquired is described in the following pages. T CHAPTER VI MODERN AMERICAN LAW COURSE AND SERVICE Featuees HE Modern American Law Course and Service consists of seven distinct features : 1. Modern American Law — standard text, cases, and quiz questions. 2. Guides. 3. Lectures. 4. Problems. 5. Model Solutions. 6. Practice Work. 7. Personal and Individual Service. Method of Instruction. In teaching law one of three methods has in- variably been followed by educators. Historically the first, is that by lectures ; the second, by the text book method; and the third, by the case book method. The lecture method was introduced in Black- stone's day and required the student to write down or remember the rules concerning' which the in- structor lectured orall^y. These lectures were later reduced to writing or were printed. Blackstone's ** Commentaries" came into being in this manner r62] THE LAW TRAINED MAN 63 and for years were tlie basis of a law education. Necessarily much of the law in England in 1776, Blackstone's time, is not the law today. Conse- quently, other books have been prepared from time to time for law instruction. The study of these books constitutes the text book system. Recently a new method has been devised whereby the student studies the actual opinions of the higlier state and federal courts. He extracts from them the principles of the law much as one determines the structure of a plant in a laboratory experiment. A combination of these methods is the standard in law school instruction today. By this expedient, the advantages of each method can be adopted with- out including the disadvantages. "The Modern American Law Course and Service, therefore, combines most admirably tlie text and case system of teaching. Some schools use tlie one method to the exclusion of the other, but I have always considered that the ideal method was a combination of the in- ductive and the deductive and this method is better exemplified in Modern American Law than any other treatise of the whole law." THOS. W. OZLIN, Of McNeil, Hudgins c£- OzUn, Virginia Bar. The Cueeiculum In the following pages the subjects in the Modern American Law Course and Service are described. Note that the branches of the law have been di- vided into three parts, consisting of (1) Subjects required of all subscribers. C4 HLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE (2) Additional subjects recommended to those who intend to practice law. (3) Optional subjects of particular importance to business men, applicants for the bar and those interested in public life or social service. Required Subjects Elementary Law. Contracts. Torts. Criminal Law. Persons and Domestic Relations. Personal Property and Bailments. Liens and Pledges. Agency. Sales. Equity. Trusts. Quasi-Contracts. Real Property. Negotiable Instruments. Suretyship and Guaranty. Mortgages — Real and Chattel. Private Corporations. Partnership. Banks, Banking and Trust Companies. Evidence. Constitutional Law. Damages. Insurance. Conflict of Laws. Interstate Commerce. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 65 Bankruptcy. Public Service Companies. Municipal Corporations. Additional Subjects For Applicants for the Bar Pleadings and Practice. Attachment — Garnislinient. Judgments — Executions. Extraordinary Remedies. Estoppel. Conveyancing. Additional Subjects — Not Required — Attractive TO All Law Readers Blackstone's Commentaries. International Law. Admiralty Law. Public Officers and Elections. Taxation. Eminent Domain. Unfair Competition and Good Will. Receivers. Patents— Copyrights— Trademarks. Parliamentary Law. Naturalization. Mines and Mining. Irrigation and Water Rights. Medical Jurisprudence. Forms. 66 BLACK8T0NE INSTITUTE Modern American Law (Cited: "M. A. L.") For the use of the Modern American Law Course and Service, a leading standard series entitled Modern American Law, and cited as "M. A. L." by Supreme Courts, was especially prepared for home study by the foremost legal authorities in America. Other standard text books are not suited for home study purposes, because of their style and expense, as well as the fact that they are not adapted for later practice. Modern American Law is a complete work on all branches of the law, including text books, leading cases, quiz questions and cumulative indexes. "I am more than pleased with the character of the work." HON. OSCAR W. UNDERWOOD, Chairman Committee on Ways and Means, United States House of Representatives. This standard series is the work of the nation's best legal talent, including prominent deans and professors in the leading law schools, judges and lawyers. It was prepared under the editorial super- vision of Eugene A. Gilmore, A.B., LL.B., Profes- sor of Law of the University of Wisconsin, and William C. Wermuth, M.S., LL.B., former lecturer at Northwestern University and Secretary of Blackstone Institute. Modern American Law is a systematic and com- prehensive series on all branches of American law and procedure. Included in each volume are (1) THE LAW TRAINED MAX 67 Treatises, (2) Leading Illustrative Cases, (3) Quiz Questions, (4) Index and Tables of Contents. The series also provides Legal Forms, Table of Cases, Cumulative Index and a revised and mod- ern edition of Blackstone's Commentaries. Specifications. Modern American Law is handsomely bound in a genuine natural grain Morocco with flexible cov- ers. The titles on the back of each volume are at- tractively stamped in gold. Each volume is hand- sewed with silk head and foot bands and ribbon bookmark. Any volume may be bent back double without the slightest injury and will stay open where you open it at any page. Flexible Covers — Tiiix Paper — Modern Binding. 68 BLACESTOXE INSTITUTE This work is complete in fifteen volumes and contains over 13,000 pages (about 900 pages to the volume). Over 7,500 pages of treatises, 4,500 pages of cases, 1,000 pages of indexes and 300 pages of tables of contents are included in the entire series. Nevertheless, by means of modern meth- ods and thin paper the entire work occupies only twenty-six inches of desk space. The whole appearance of Modern American Law is legal, rich and impressive — an example of the best product of the best printers' and bookbinders' art. "The flexible Morocco binding, the opaque paper and legible type indicate your exacting care in the publica- tion of this work." JUDGE JOHN GIBBONS', Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois. Modern" American" Law in Resident Schools Many of the resident law schools are substituting Modern American Law for the older text and case books. Among the universities and colleges which use or recommend in their courses, one or more of the treatises or collections of cases included in Modern American Law are : University of Chicago, University of Illinois, University of Wisconsin, University of North Dakota, University of Kansas, University of Florida, THE LAW TRAINED MA'S! 69 Albany Law School, Marquette University, John B. Stetson University, American Central Law School, Illinois College of Law, Chicago Law School, Drake University, and others. Modern American Law is also offered as a prize for research work or for high scholarship in these institutions of learning: Columbia University, Indiana University, Cincinnati Law School, University of North Dakota, Benjamin Harrison Law School, University of Florida, University of Oregon, Richmond College, Washington & Lee University, University of Kentucky, Drake University, Washington College of Law. Modern American Law is in the libraries of Har- vard University, Leland Stanford Jr. University, State University of Iowa, University of Illinois, University of Indiana, University of Wisconsin, University of Chicago, Wisconsin State Library, Boston Law Library, Kansas State Librar^^, Wash- ington State Library, California State Library, Nevada State Library and others. 70 BLACK8T0XE INSTITUTE "I consider this work the most satisfactory one for the study of law at home that has so far been produced." PROFESSOR OLIPHANT, University of Chicago. "No other publication compares with M. A. L. in the range of subjects, effectiveness of treatment and the discriminating choice in the citation of authorities." DEAN WM. HOYNES, Laiv School, University of Notre Dame. "Your text books are clear and concise and your com- bination of illustrative cases, lectures and quizzes fur- nishes a most admirable substitute for a resident law course." PROFESSOR KENDERDINE, Drake University. "The method marked out in these volumes is exactly the method which I have thought for years past should be adopted — the law as it is today without any unneces- sary attention as to what the law was in the past." PROFESSOR WHITFIELD, Millsaps College. Modern American Law Used and Recom- mended BY the Profession When the first volumes of Modern American Law were published, judges and lawyers requested that they be permitted to obtain this series for use in their practice. Here they found for the first time in one standard series, uniform in style and ab- solutely authoritative, a scientifically planned and systematically arranged work on all Ijranches of the law. They pronounced Modern American Law to be the best work of the best authorities as well as a compact, time-saving reference and reading series. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 71 "That which lends to the work its most valuable dis- tinction is the fact that it is clearly and concisely written." JUDGE J. H. SMITH, United States Court of Customs Appeals. It was determined, therefore, to permit members of the bench and bar to obtain Modern American Law, which they cite as '*M. A. L.," separate and apart from the features of the Course and Service. Having learned how to read law they could use to advantage the treatises and cases in this work. This work is now in the libraries of President Wilson, former President Taft, Chief Justice White and his associates of the United States Su- preme Court. Cited by Supreme Courts Modern American Law is in the libraries of many State Supreme Courts and Nisi Prius Courts. Today hundreds of judges and lawyers are using Modem American Law and are enthusiastic in its praise. A growing number of Supreme Courts are citing it in their opinions. Among them are : Supreme Court of Wisconsin, Supreme Court of Alabama, Supreme Court of North Dakota, Supreme Court of Oklahoma, Colorado Court of Appeals. The following comments are typical of the many made by leading members of the bench and bar. They indicate the unusual value of this standard series to the law student: BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE "I have found Modern American Law an excellent medium through which to recur to the fundamental prin- ciples of our jurisprudence. It enables the lawyer or judge to get a correct bird's-eye view of any subject with a very small expenditure of time and effort, and the layman or law student to gain a clear understanding of the essentials of law." JUSTICE AAD JOHN VINJE, Supreme Court of Wisconsin. "The work will prove to be a valuable one, especially to those who are embarking upon the study of the law." JUSTICE BARNES, Supreme Court of Wisconsin. "I am very much pleased with Modern American Law and regard it as a valuable contribution to the law dealing with general principles. It is a very timely and valuable work." JUSTICE VICKERS, Supreme Court of Illinois. "It deals with the fundamental principles of each sub- ject treated and furnishes a comprehensive text for students, practitioners and courts." JUSTICE SPALDING, Supreme Court of North Dakota. "Something beyond the ordinary treatise — a valuable and useful contribution to jurisprudence." ASSOCIATE JUSTICE GOSS, Supreme Court of North Dakota. "The treatment of tTie different subjects is compre- hensive and practical, and in a brief but not too sparing way presents the fundamentals in such form as to be a source of ready and accurate reference to the practi- tioner and the court, as well as meeting the important purpose, for which it is especially valuable, of being a reliable aid to the student." JUSTICE WITHROW, Supreme Court of Iowa. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 73 "Where I have stopped to read carefully I have found edification in its (Modern American Law) fresh, simple and clear statements of legal principle, and I believe most others may realize a profit of the same character." JUSTICE SAYRE, Supreme Court of Alabama. "So many law books are prone to extend over every- thing, losing sight of the underlying proposition upon which a case usually turns. In your series, I see not only a ready reference work giving cases in point suffi- cient as a lead for digests, but of more importance, a means to keep up with one's own practice by reading law generally or systematically. "It is for these reasons that I ordered Modern Ameri- can Law for the library of the Municipal Court of Chicago." CHIEF JUSTICE OLSON, Municipal Court of Chicago. "I am sure these volumes will enable both those who are at the bar and those who are sitting on the bench, as well as those of us who are endeavoring to frame the laws, to acquire a thorough knowledge of the funda- mental principles of that great subject." HON. CHARLES M. THOMSON, Member of Congress. It is gratifying to the subscriber of the Modem American Law Course and Service to know that the basis of his instruction can thus serve him with an ever increasing value, after he has completed the Course and Service. The treatises and collections of leading cases, as ivell as the complete set of Modern American Law, are sold separate and apart from the Course and Service only to resident law school students and 74 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE to lawyers. Any one, Jioivever, may enroll for the Modern American Law Course and Service and will receive as the texthooks a complete set of Modern American Law. Subjects and Authoes Modern American Law covers the entire field of law, treating the basic subjects first, and, following in related groups, the derivative subjects of the law. The work thus provides a standard, logical and systematic course of reading in law. The subjects and the authors of the fifteen vol- umes are as follows : VOLUME I The Modeen Democeacy, The Citizen and The Law. By John B. Winslow, A.B., LL.D., Justice, Supreme Court of Wisconsin. An introduction to Modern American Law, exemplifying its spirit in meeting the demand for systematic training in the principles of law. Legal, Ethics. By Orrin N. Carter, LL.D., Justice, Supreme Court of Illinois. a practical exposition of the course of conduct required of those who are trained in law. Law — Its Origin, Natuee and Development. By Charles A. Huston, A.B., J.D., S.J.D., Pro- fessor, Leland Stanford Junior University. A commentary on the origin, nature and development of the law, preparing the student for the study of the specific branches of law. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 75 Courts — Federal and State. By Arthur L. San- born, LL.B., Judge, United States District Court. A comprehensive discussion of the classes and jurisdiction of courts, including federal, state and English tribunals. Law of Coxtkacts. By W. C. Wermuth, M.S., LL.B., former Lecturer, Northwestern Univer- sity; Secretary of the Staff, Blackstone Insti- tute. A thorough, comprehensive and practical commentary on the principles of the formation, operation, interpretation, perform- ance and discharge of contracts. VOLUME II Law of Torts. The discussion of the Law of Torts is divided into an Intro- duction and nine parts, carefully analyzing and developing its principles. The titles and authors are as follows: Introduction and William C. Jones, A.B., M.A., Di- 1. Trespass. rector, School of Jurisprudence, University of California. 2. Conversion. Frank L. Simpson, A.B., LL.B., Professor, Boston University. 3. Negligence and Legal Barry Gilbert, A.B., LL.B., Profes- Caxjse. sor. State University of Iowa. 4. Deceit. . Edward D. Osborn, Professor, University of Kansas. 5. Defamation. Charles M. Hepburn, A.B., LL.D., Professor, Indiana University. G. Malicious Prosecution. John C. Townes, LL.D., Dean and Professor of Law, University of Texas. 7. Interference with Domes- William C. Jones, A.B., M.A., Di- Tic and Business Rela- rector. School of Jurisprudence, TiONS. University of California. 76 BLACK8T0XE INSTITUTE 8. Right of Privacy. William C. Jones, A.B., M.A., Di- rector, School of Jurisprudence, University of California. » 9. Extra - Hazardous Occupa- George F. Wells, LL.D., Dean and Tioxs — Miscellaneous. Professor of Law, University of North Dakota. Law of Fellow-Servant and Compensation. By T. J. Moll, Ph.B., LL.M., Dean, American Central Law School. A treatise on the principles of the fellow-servant rule, to- gether with a discussion of recent compensation acts and statutes relative to the liability of employers for injuries to their em- ployes. VOLUME III Criminal Law. By William E. Mikell, B.S., Professor of Laiv, University of Pennsylvania. A treatise on the principles of the law dealing with offenses against the state, property and persons. Law of Criminal Procedure. By William L. Burdick, Ph.D., LL.B., Professor of Law, Uni- versity of Kansas. A practical presentation of the rules applied in the bringing and trying of criminal cases. Law of Persons and Domestic Relations. By Elmer M. Liessmann, LL.B., Lecturer, North- western University. A thorough discussion of the rights, duties, and capacity of persons, together with an exposition of the principles underlying domestic relationships, such as those of husband and wife, parent and child, thus treating of marriage, divorce, and infancy, etc. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 77 VOLUME IV Law of Peksonal, Property and Bailments. By Henry W. Ballantine, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin. A practical treatise on the fundamental principles of the law of personal property, including the rights and liabilities arising in the law of bailments. Law of Liens and Pledges. By R. L. Henry, Jr., Ph.B., J.D., B.C.L., Professor, College of Law, University of Iowa. A careful discussion of the rules underlying the several classes of liens and different forms of pledges. Law of Agency. By William A. Ferguson, A.M., LL.B., Lecturer, Fordhani University. A commentary on the nature, rights and liabilities of prin- cipals and agents. Law of Sales. By H. Claude Horack, Ph.B., LL.B., Professor of Law, University of Iowa. A practical discussion of the contract of sale, its warranties and the rules underlying the Statute of Frauds. VOLUME V Law of Real Property. By Arthur W. Blake- more, A.B., LL.B., of the Boston Bar. a careful and thorough commentary on the principles of the law of real property, including the subjects of estates, convey- inces, tenures, easements, covenants and future interests. VOLUME VI Law of Descent and Distribution — Wills and Administration — Guardian and Ward. By 78 BLACKSrOXE INSTITUTE Cliarles S. Cutting, LL.D., former Judge of the Probate Court, Cook County, Illinois. An exposition of the principles underlying the disposition of property with reference to intestate as well as testamentary conveyances, including a discussion of the relationship of guar- dian and ward, probate estates, etc. Law of Landlord and Tenant. By William L. Burdick, Ph.D., LL.B., Professor of Laiv, Uni- versity of Kansas. A discussion of the legal problems arising in the relationship of landlord and tenant. Law of Water Rights and Irrigation. By James W. McCreery, University of Colorado. An exposition of the doctrines of water rights and irrigation, including the rights of riparian owners, appropriation of water, the nature of waters subject to appropriation, water rights as property and the rights of irrigation. Law of Mines and Mining. By William E. Colby, LL.B., University of California. a practical discussion of property rights in mines and the liabilities in connection with their operation. VOLUME VII Equity. By John N. Pomeroy, A.M., LL.B., Pro- fessor of Laiv, University of Illinois. A commentary carefully analyzing the branches of equity jurisdiction, including its nature, specific performance, mistake, accounting, interpleader, also reform and rescission. Law of Trusts. By George G. Bogert, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Laiv, Cornell University. A discussion of the nature and requisites of equitable trusts, Including the duties of trustees and rights of cestuis que trustent. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 79 Law of Quasi-Contracts. By Arthur M. Cathcart, A.B., Professor of Law, Leland Stanford Junior University. A discussion of the equitable doctrines of unjust enrichment of a party through benefits received without contract or by mistalte, etc., including rights arising therefrom. Law of Estoppel. By Oliver S. Rundell, LL.B., of the Wisconsin Bar. An exposition of the specific principles Involved in the doc- trines of estoppel, including estoppel by deed, estoppel by mis- representation, etc. VOLUME VIII Law of Negotiable Instruments, By William G. Hale, B.S., LL.B., Professor of Law, University of Illinois. a commentary on the law of bills and notes, including a discussion of the uniform Negotiable Instruments Law. Law of Suretyship and Guaranty. By Charles E. Carpenter, A.M., LL.B., Professor of Law, Uni- versity of Illinois. An exposition of the relationship of principal and surety, including the distinction between surety and guaranty and the equitable rights involved in suretyship and guaranty. Law of Mortgages — Real and Chattel. By Man- ley 0. Hudson, A.M., LL.B., Professor of Law, University of Missouri. A commentary on the esential elements of legal and equitable mortgages, including rights of mortgagor and mortgagee. Interpretation of Statutes. By John R. Rood, LL.B., Professor of Law, University of Michigan. An exposition of the rules applied by the courts in the inter- pretation of statutes. 80 DLACKSTOyE INSTITUTE VOLUME IX Law of Private Corporations. Bij I. Maurice Wormser, 'A.B., LL.B., Professor of Laiv, Ford- ham University. A comprehensive, thorough and practical commentary on the law of private corporations, including the nature, formation and powers of corporations with special reference to the powers and duties of directors and stockholders and the remedies of cred- itors, together with a discussion of foreign corporations. Law of Partnership. By Eugene A. Gilmore, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law, University of Wisco7t- sin. A discussion of the nature and formation of partnerships and the rights and duties of partners. Law of Banks, Ban^king and Trust Companies. By James L. Hopkins, LL.B., of the St. Louis Bar. A practical treatise on the principles underlying the laws of banking companies with special reference to the rights of de- positors and the power to act as trustees. Law of Receivers. By Theophilus J. Moll, Ph.B., LL.M., Dean, American Central Laiv School. An exposition of the equitable and statutory principles under- lying the appointment, duties and powers of receivers of in- solvent corporations, etc. VOLUME X Pleading in Civil Actions. By Louis B. Ewhank, LFj.B., Professor, Indiana Law School. A description of the forms of action and methods of plead- ing, together with the necessary allegations in defending actions, etc., under the common law and statutes. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 81 Peactice of Civil Actions. By William N. Gem- mill, LL.B., LL.D., Judge of the Municipal Court of Chicago. A practical discussion of the problems arising in practice in the courts. Equity Pleading and Practice. By William E. Higgins, B.S., LL.B., Professor, University of Kansas. A treatise on the forms and methods of pleading, together with a discussion of the practice adopted in equity courts. Law of Evidence. By John T. Loughran, LL.B., Professor, Fordham University. A comprehensive exposition of the rules of evidence with particular reference to the manner in which evidence must be offered. Law of Attachments and Garnishments. By Oli- ver A. Harker, A.M., LL.D., Dean, University of Illinois. A treatise on the right to attach and garnishee before and after judgment. Law of Judgments and Executions. By John R. Rood, LL.B., Professor of Law, University of Michigan. A discussion of the nature of judgments, the methods of en- forcing them and the right to realize on them by execution. Law of Extraordinary Remedies. By Harvey N. Shepard, A.B., Lecturer, Boston University. A discussion of the writs of mandamus, quo warranto, cer- tiorari, etc. 82 BLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE Law of Habeas Corpus. By John Wurts, M.A., LL.B., M.L., Professor, Yale University. A treatise on the rights of personal liberty involving the issue of the writ of habeas corpus. VOLUME XI Constitutional Law A comprehensive commentary on the principles of constitu- tional law in federal and state jurisdictions, in six parts. 1. Definitions and Principles. James W. Garner, B.S., Ph.D., Pro- fessor of Political Science, University of Illinois. 2. Organization and Po^VERs James Wilford Garner, B.S., Ph.D., OF THE United States Professor of Political Science, Government. University of Illinois. 3. Constitutional Guaranties Emiin McClain, A.M., LL.B., LL.D., OF Fundamental Rights. Dean, College of Law, Univer- sity of Iowa. 4. Eminent Domain. Philip Nichols, A.B., LL.B., of the Boston Bar. 5. Taxation. Philip Nichols, A.B., LL.B., of the Boston Bar. 6. Naturalization. George F. Tucker, A.B., Ph.D., LL.B., of the Boston Bar. VOLUME XII Conflict of Laws. By George L. Clark, A.B., LL.B., Professor, University of Missouri. An exposition of the problems of territorial jurisdiction in the recognition and enforcement of rights. International Law. By Paul S. Reinsch, A.B., Ph.D., LL.B., Minister to China. A treatise on the principles of the law of nations. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 83 Law of Interstate Commerce. By Dudley 0- Mc- Govney, A.M., LL.B., Professor, Tulane Univer- sity. A practical discussion of the legal problems arising in the conduct of commerce between states and within states. Law of Bankruptcy, By George Laivyer, A.M., LL.B., Professor, Albany Law School. A discussion of the federal bankruptcy act, together with the rights and duties of bankrupts, creditors, and trustees. Law of Patents. By George C. Holt, A.B., LL.B., LLD., Former Judge, United States District Court. A discussion of the principles determining what is patent- able, together with the right to obtain patents. Law of Copyrights. By William L. Symons, LL.M., M.P.L., Lecturer, Washington College of Law. a treatise on the common law and federal law rights to copyright. Law of Trademarks. By William L. Symons, LL.M., M.P.L., Lecturer, Washington College of Law. A discussion of the nature of and right to trademarks. Law of Unfair Competition and Good Will. By James L. Hopkins, LL.B., of the St. Louis Bar. A treatise discussing the doctrines enforced where business interests engage in unfair competition, together with the rights of good will. VOLUME XIII Law of Public Service Companies — Especially Common Carriers. By Bruce Wyman, A.M., 84 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE LL.B., former Professor of Laiv, Harvard Uni- versity. A commentary on public employments and carriers, together with the rights and duties of railroads, telephone companies, water companies, warehouses, etc. Law of Municipal Corporations. By Henry H. IngersoU, M.A., LL.D., Dean, Law School, Uni- versity of Tennessee. An exposition of the nature, formation, capacity, rights and liabilities of municipal corporations. Law of Public Officers and Elections. By Ed- win Maxey, D.C.L., LL.D., Professor of Laiv, University of Nebraska. A discussion of the appointment and the election of officers, together with their rights, powers and duties. Parliamentary Law. By John H. Perry, M.A., LL.B., Lecturer, Laiv School, Yale University. A practical discussion of the rules adopted by deliberative bodies for the conduct of their meetings. VOLUME XIV Law of Damages. By William P. Rogers, A.B., LL.D., Dean, Cincinnati Law School. An exposition of the nature and classes of damages recover- able in actions. Law of Insurance. By Henry W. Humble, A.M., LL.B., Professor of Law, University of Kansas. A discussion of the various forms of insurance, including the problems of insurable interest, concealment, warranties, rights of recovery, etc. Admiralty Law and Practice. By George C. Holt, THE LAW TRAINED MAN 85 A. B., LL.B., LL.D., former Judge, United States District Court. A treatise on the law of admiralty. Medical Jueisprudexce. By George F. Wells, LL.D., Dean, Law School, University of North Dakota. A discussion of evidentiary problems arising in the proof of crime wherein medical examination is necessary. FoEMs. By Francis L. Harivood, A.B., LL.B., of the Chicago Bar. A collection of legal forms used in the conduct of business and practice of law. VOLUME XV Blackstone's Commentaries. Edited and pre- pared by Henry W. Ballantine, A.B., LL.B., Pro- fessor of Law, University of Wisconsin. A revised edition of the commentaries of Sir William Black- stone. Index. Prepared by F. W. Schenh, Librarian, Laiv School, University of Chicago. A cumulative index to all treatises in Modern American Law. A Perfect System of Indexing The value of many otherwise excellent law se- ries has been greatly reduced by reason of poor indexing. The indexes of Modern American Law have been prepared with especial care by F. W. Schenk, Librarian, University of Chicago, who is recognized as one of the best law indexers in America. There is a comprehensive index to each St; BLACESrOXE INSTITUTE volume and in the fifteenth volume a cumulative cross-reference index to the entire series. This makes Modern American Law a ready reference work in which you can quickly single out the in- formation you desire on any particular point, and which will point out to you many unthought-of pos- sibilities in dealing with legal problems. GUIDES A series of seventy-two inspiring Guides have been prepared for the Modern American Law Course and Service, under the direction of the Staff. They are delivered to the subscriber, one every two weeks, during the period of three years. As the name indicates, the Guides stimulate and direct your reading of the text books, the cases and other features of the Course. Not only do they point out what reading is to be done, but they also indicate by means of concrete illustrations and ex- periences, what are the important rules to be learned from any particular assignment. The Guides enable you to acquire in a few min- utes' reading each day the fundamental knowledge so essential in business or in preparing for the bar examination. Each Guide contains a running review of the pages to be read in the text. It calls attention to the important legal principles that underlie daily pro])lems and which are to be discussed in the text books. In this way, the Guides enable the busy man to THE LAW TRAINED MAN 87 grasp quickly the essential rules, and determine in what particular subjects he wishes a detailed knowl- edge. At the same time they assist the law student by pointing out the subjects which he should master. The following is an extract from a typical Guide : An automobile, exceeding the traffic regulations, sped down Sheridan Road, in Chicago. Suddenly, a woman stepped from the curbstone into the street. The driver vigorously blew the horn, and jammed down the brake pedal. But the car slid along and struck the woman. Her injuries were many. After several months of painful suf- fering, she started suit for damages. The jury, at the trial, awarded her $5,000. By what right did she recover for her injuries? Clearly, no contract existed between her and the automobile driver providing that if he struck her down, he would pay damages. Under what theory of the law, then, can a jury protect us from injuries by others? The answer is to be found in the Law of Torts, the second great fundamental subject to be taken up by you now in the Modern American Law Course and Service. Law of Torts In your reading of the Law of Contracts, you have been determining what your rights are where you and another enter into an agreement. Now, you are to consider those rights and duties which everybody owes everybody else, regardless of a contract. In other words, in torts these rights and duties are determined for you by the law, while in contracts you have a chance to say what your rights will be. Professor W. C. Jones, Director of the School of Jurispru- dence, University of California, has prepared the introduction to this broad subject in Modern American Law. He distinguishes for you torts and contracts, and torts and crimes. He shows you how intimately the rules in this subject regulate your per- sonal affairs. 88 BLACKSTOyS INSTITUTE You will find again and again that its principles affect other subjects of the law. A thorough mastery of Professor Jones' Introduction will repay you many times. LECTURES One of tlie attractive features of the Modern American Law Course and Service is tlie series of thirty-six Lectures delivered to the subscriber, one each month, during the three years. They have been especially prepared for the Course by the Special Lecturers. These Lectures provide you with the last word on matters of current, legal and business interest. They give you that money-saving information which ordinarily passes only from mouth to mouth and which has never before been reduced to printed form. The Lectures are continually being revised so that during your reading of the Course you re- ceive the latest information on current legal mat- ters, new legislation and recent decisions of the courts on important questions of interest to you. Tlio following illustrates the special information wliich the subscriber to the Modern American Law Course receives in a Lecture : K.VO-WLEDOE OF THE POSTAL PeNAL CoDE IMPORTANT An American citizen does not require a printed statute to know that it would be unlawful for him to rob a mail carrier, to break into and enter a post office, to hold up a postal car, to steal a letter or any matter intrusted to the postal service for carriage and delivery. All these things, and other similar un- lawful acts, were offenses at the common law which we have been taught from our childhood to respect and obey. For in a THE LAW TRAINED MAN 89 general way it is safe to say that if, by state law, an act is a crime against a fellow citizen's person or property, the same act, if committed against a postal employe, postal property, or the postal service, is a crime under the Federal law, and anyone who commits such a crime will, inevitably, come into intimate association with a Federal marshal or his deputies. But Uncle Sam protects his postal service by many statutory provisions which are not commonly known and are not within the purview of the common law; yet a violation of these statu- tory provisions will subject the offender, whether he knows them or not, to prosecution and consequent acquaintance with the aforesaid Federal marshals. Therefore, it is highly important that all citizens shall have some knowledge of these special laws and of the grounds upon which they rest, lest uninten- tionally they violate some of these statutory rules which are made for the protection of the great postal service of their country. Some of the subjects of the Lectures are: How to Draft a Contract. The Lawful Use of the Mails in Business. How Agency Affects Business. Employment Contracts. How to Protect One's Rights in Checks. Hoio to Draft and Enforce a Conditional Sale. How to Organize a Partnership. How to Conduct a Receivership. How to Obtain a Patent. How to Protect a Trademark. Federal Employers' Liability Act. Anti-Trust Laws. Corporation Laws. Peoblems Thirty-six sets of Problems are sent to the sub- scriber, one every month, during the period of three years. They are the only Problems used in non- resident instruction which have been prepared un- der the direction of men experienced as bar exami- ners. 90 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE The Problems are so arranged as to correspond closely to the assigned reading, without, however, making it possible to write solutions by merely copying the text. They are based on practical cases involving questions that frequently arise in the busi- ness world and in private affairs. The solution of the Problems is optional, although the applicant for the bar will wish to solve them in order to be thoroughly prepared to pass the bar examination. Here he can answer the same kind of questions asked at the bar examination. A blank Blue Book is furnished to the subscriber in which he may write his solutions to the Problems. The Blue Book is returned to the Institute for criti- cism and rating by an experienced Critic, who is always a member of the bar with both practical and teaching experience. The Blue Book is then mailed to the subscriber with personal suggestions from the Critic, together with a set of Model Solutions as further assistance to the subscriber. The solutions are graded on the following scale: A=Excellent. D=Fair. B=Very Good. E=Passing. C=Good. E=No credit. Your powers to analyze and to construct are de- veloped in a great degree by the solution of these legal and business Prol)lems. By solving them you become experienced in making prompt and correct decisions in business and in the practice of law. the law trained man 91 Model Solutions. Model Solutions are provided as follows: To those who desire to solve the Problems, they are returned with the corrected Blue Book which the subscriber has forwarded to the Institute. To those who do not wish to send in their Solu- tions they will be provided at the same time the Problems are furnished. This permits of a study of the Prol)lems and Solutions in a minimum amount of time. Practice Work The graduate of Blackstone Institute is prepared to engage in the actual practice of law. Through- out the Course, he is instructed in the practical ap- plication of the rules he learns. He finds out how to do things. He learns how to address the court, how to draft pleadings, how to draw up motions and orders, how to try a case, etc. Exercises and hints on drafting, as well as on giving opinions on legal instruments, play an im- portant part in the Course. Especial attention is given to Abstracts of Titles, how to draft various instruments, how to obtain a patent, etc. Personal and Individual Service By means of the personal and individual service the subscriber is brought into close relationship with the members of the Staff of Blackstone Insti- tute. Upon enrollment, the subscriber is invited to furnish such information concerning his business experience or education as he cares to give. 92 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE This enables the Staff to direct and give definite and helpful suggestions for his course. At fre- quent intervals thereafter, the members of the Staff send letters of assistance and co-operation on his personal progress, as well as on topics of cur- rent legal interest. The subscriber is privileged to submit as many inquiries as he desires on questions arising in the Course. The Institute seeks to give men and women an opportunity to acquire a thorough knowl- edge of law. Its Staff is ready, therefore, to render effective service by making prompt reports on all questions. The Staff of Blackstone Institute has access to the large law libraries in Chicago — Chicago Law Institute, Chicago Bar Association, Northwestern University, University of Chicago and other smaller libraries. It is able, therefore, to furnish complete reports which contain references to authorities and cases. "Your prompt and full reports on the questions I have asked from time to time are in themselves a law edu- cation. The same is true of the suggestions which you send to me concerning my solutions. "I daily become more and more interested in the Modern American Law Course and Service." T. A. BORRADAILE, Mgr., Gulf Oil Co., Tampa, Fla. Diploma A diploma is awarded to the student after he has satisfactorily solved all of the Problems on the re- THE LAW TRAINED MAN 93 quired subjects of the Modern American Law Course and Service. The diploma certifies that he has successfully complied with all of the requirements of the com- plete three years' Course. This certificate of grad- uation, which is reproduced in this book, is hand- somely engraved on finest parchment and its size is about 16x21 inches. It is especially suitable for framing. CHAPTER VII DISTINCTIVE ADVANTAGES OF BLACK- STONE INSTITUTE Peofit and Loss THE Acme Company was an Illinois corpora- tion. In the fall and winter of 1914 it suf- fered financial difficulties. One of the credi- tors was Lloyd Johnson. After repeated demands for the sum due to him — $400.00 — Johnson placed his claim in the hands of an attorney. The latter investigated the situa- tion and reported that he could not collect the amount because the corporation was practically in- solvent. Johnson had a smattering knowledge of the law. He knew that the general rule was that directors and stockholders are not liable for the debts of a private corporation. So he accepted the lawyer's advice and charged off the amount to profit and loss. A few weeks later, in the course of a conversa- tion witli a lawyer by the name of Rogerson, Jolm- son told al)out his loss. "There is one chance for you," Rogerson said. '*If you get that money, I shall give you fifty per cent as your fee," Johnson promised. [94] THE LAW TRAIXED MAN 95 As soon as Rogerson arrived at liis office be tele- phoned to the office of the County Recorder. There- by he learned that the Acme Company had not filed its charter of incorporation, as required by law. ''That settles it," he said to himself. He then telephoned to Johnson and asked him for the names of the directors of the Acme Company. ''Of what value is that information?" Johnson inquired. "Because we can hold them personally," ex- plained the lawyer. ' ' They did not file their charter in the office of the County Recorder, so they are liable as partners." Rogerson filed suit for Johnson and obtained a judgment against the directors. One of them was financially responsible, so the full amount was col- lected. Johnson paid Rogerson $200.00. "I am glad it is you who gets this," he said, "but I am going to devote my spare time in learning these valuable points myself." SuPEKFiciAL Knowledge The first lawyer's advice was the product of an inefficient system of law study. He knew a gen- eral rule but failed to appreciate its application. Rogerson, on the other hand, collected the fee. He possessed that slight additional knowledge which gave him the margin of ability over the first attor- ney. He obtained this advantage without additional effort or time by reading the Modern American Law Course and Service. 96 blackstone institute The Big Idea The big idea in the organization of Blackstone Institute is the preparation and conduct of a Course in law based on more than twenty-five years of ex- perience. Our Course and Service is actively con- ducted by a competent and recognized Staff of edu- cators, judges and lawyers. It is highly recom- mended by other members of the bench and bar, by bar examiners, by deans and professors in the law schools, by business men and by subscribers them- selves. "An institution is as big as the men who guide its policies." In its history of a quarter of a century the busi- ness methods of the Blackstone Institute, including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law, have never been criticized. "I have no doubt that Blackstone Institute will find an increasing appreciation among a large clientage." HON. WM. J. BRYAN, Former Secretary of State, United States. A Standard Course and Service Only a system of instruction in law which follows the standard set by the resident schools may proper- ly be termed a Standard Law Course and Service. The mere reading of law books — however excellent — is not the equivalent to a well-organized, logical and practical system of studying law. The method of instruction must be the result of careful studv aimed to meet the needs of its read- THE LAW TRAINED MAN 97 ers. Its features must be of the highest standard. Systematic direction by an experienced Staff of distinguished educators, judges and lawyers is es- sential. In the Blackstone Institute method of studying law all of the requirements of a standard Course and Service are included. Simple, Easy, Faschstating For the first time an effort has been made to state the principles of modern law in simple English which the layman can understand. In the Modern American Law Course and Service the authors ex- plain each rule simply and clearly. "Every portion of the Course is written in clear under- standable English." F. STEVENS, Asst. Cashier, American Trust & Savings Bank, Alabama. Only legal phrases which are in general use in the law are employed. Wherever they are adopted, the literal translation immediately follows. It is unnecessary, even to have a law dictionary in read- ing this Course. The indexes will furnish the meaning of a word in a moment's time. "Where I have stopped to read I have found edifica- tion in its fresh, simple and clear statements of legal principles." JUSTICE SAYRE, Supreme Court of Alabama. Not only is the Modern American Law Course and Service simple and easy, but it is intensely fascinating. The authors have written in a highly 7 98 BLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE interesting manner. Subscribers repeatedly write that reading law by this method is like reading a story. "Reading law by your method is so intensely inter- esting, as well as practical, that it has assumed the form of recreation rather than a task." WALTER 0. FORD, President, Ford Manufacturing Company, Chicago. Practical Information Instruction in legal principles is of value only when it is practical. To know that by a general rule the directors of a corporation are not liable for its debts is useless if one does not also know that the directors are liable if the corporation's charter has never been filed. In the Modern American Law Course and Serv- ice the reader acquires a practical working knowl- edge of the law. First, he leams the principles of the law; second, he is trained to apply them to his or his client's business and personal affairs. "I enrolled for the Modern American Law Course and Service to be able to answer the legal questions which daily arise in our business and require immediate answer. I never realized, however, that you could place such a fund of information at my disposal as your Course covers." F. M. STEWART, Chicago Manager, H. Griffin d Sons Co. of New York. This information includes the law in modern sub- jects of business importance such as "Interstate Commerce," ''Good Will and Unfair Competition," THE LAW TRAINED MAN 99 "Trademarks," "Receivers," "Interference with Contractual Relations," "Strikes," "Picketing," "Boycotts," "Banks and Trust Companies," etc. Each assignment of this Course and Service fol- lows in logical order. As the Course unfolds itself to the subscriber, he grasps easily what he has read and sees clearly the splendid plan of the whole Course. The Guides indicate the information of greatest immediate value to him, eliminating un- necessary steps. Special Lectures and Bulletins keep the subscriber in touch with legal problems of current interest. Study of Legal Documents Dean Wigmore of Northwestern University Law School, in an address before the Association of American Law Schools, December, 1914, advocated the study of documents in the law schools. He said : "We have little use at the present time for the cus- tomary law, but we have great use in our law schools of the present day for the current business practices of the business men of the nation. I think our law courses would be much improved if the professors of law would introduce the various concrete documents in use in busi- ness today into the classroom work. "When a student is studying leases he should have a lease before him and when the business laws of trans- portation are before the student he should be provided with a bill of lading. In short, each law school should possess and use a full set of business documents." This training has always been one of the features of the Modern American Law Course and Service. The subscriber is not only furnished with legal 100 liLAVKSTONE INSTITUTE forms, but acquires a working knowledge of how to draft documents, how to keep proper book accounts, how to protect himself under compensation acts, and how to determine his rights in connection with any instrument. Prepaeixg for the Bar Unusual opportunities are offered to those who are preparing for the bar examination. All legal subjects required by bar examiners are included in our Course and Service. Each series of Problems is prepared under the direction of experienced bar ex- aminers. The solution of these Problems provides a systematic training in answering the questions wliicli are asked of applicants for admission to the bar. Graduates are Successful Lawyers The overwhelming proof of the superiority of our method is furnished by the successes of our law trained graduates, for a quarter of a century. Our students are practicing law in every state of the Union. In the entire history of the school only four of our graduates failed in their bar examina- tions. Some of these passed in their second at- tempt. We guarantee to coach you free, if otherwise qualified, you fail to pass the bar examination. More than 30,000 students have enrolled with us. We have had subscribers in every civilized country on tlie face of the globe. We number among our graduates at least one THE LAW TRAINED MAN 101 governor of a state, several congressmen, many judges, many state senators and representatives, and innumerable state, county and city officers. Mechanical Advantages The subscribers of the Blackstone Institute can read the features of its Course and Service under all sorts of conditions. Each part of the Course is prepared for convenient use not alone at home or in the office, but on the car or train. The volumes of Modern American Law are com- pact, light and easy to handle. One volume will fit into your coat pocket. You can carry several volumes conveniently. "They are convenient to carry around with me when holding Court in the twenty-four counties comprising my district." H. H. WHITAKER, Referee in Bankruptcy, Southern District of Iowa. The Guides and Lectures are bound in attractive, serviceable covers and can be carried about and read anywhere. Reading today is done in many instances in arti- ficial light. The most exacting care was exercised, therefore, in the selection of the type for the fea- tures of this Course. After numerous proofs had been made of every acceptable reading type, the De- Vinne type was chosen. This style does not strain the eyes. It is used in the printing of Modern American Law, the Guides and the Lectures. This type can be read as easily in artificial light 102 BLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE as in daylight. Furthermore, by using uniform type in the features of the Course one can pass, for example, from Modern American Law to a Lecture without requiring the eyes to adjust their vision to a new type. The same exceptional care is taken in printing all the reading material of the Course. The presses are run at low speed and the printing is subjected to most thorough press work inspection. "The books and booklets are printed with such large distinct type that I find I can readily cover double the assigned matter." G. M. COSSITT, Assistant Cashier, LaGrange State Bank, Illinois. A special book paper is used in Modern American Law. It is thin, tough and perfectly opaque. By its use it is possible to publish the complete set in but twenty-six inches of desk space, although there are about nine hundred pages to each volume. In the Guides, Lectures and Problems a clean, service- able paper is used. Personal Service One of the features of the resident school which has been effectively developed in tlio Modern Ameri- can Law Course and Service is the i)ersonal instruc- tion wliich it renders to the subscriber. He is guided by the Staff in the light of his prior educa- tion or business experience, and is in a class by him- self. "Under your plan a student gets more thorough reci- THE LAW TRAINED MAN 103 tation drilling than in a class room, where, if composed of twenty students, a student is only apportioned one- twentieth of the recitation period. Under your system he is allowed to recite on every question." CHARLES H. KRIMBILL, Assistant Chief Deputy Clerk of the Municipal Court of Chicago. This individual instruction resembles the tutor system. The subscriber is invited to furnish the Staff with information as to his age, education, busi- ness experience, and his purpose in reading law. This information is studied by a member of tlie Staff, so that the subscriber is regarded as an in- dividual — not merely one of a class. In this man- ner, the Staff can give him suggestions and special information to fit his particular needs. The sub- scriber may progress as rapidly as his ability per- mits. No one can delay him. "I do not see how it is possible for you to give so much personal attention to the individual student. I believe that I am getting as much from this Course as I received in the same length of time while in actual attendance at a first class law school." M. E. WATKINS, Supt. Schools, North Dakota. Stimulation As often as his individual case may require, the subscriber receives special service. Letters are sent to him by the Staff to stimulate him and to pre- vent him from falling into careless habits of study- ing. By this friendly co-operation, the subscriber to the Modern American Law Course and Service 104 BLACK8T0XE INSTITUTE finds a personal appreciative interest which assists liim materially in becoming and obtaining the ad- vantages of a law trained man. Their Regrets Many of the subscribers of the Modern American Law Course and Service had already achieved suc- cess in business and in the legal profession. Wlien they began at the bottom of the ladder they encoun- tered many difficulties which hampered their prog- ress. These, they write, would have been readily overcome had they then enjoyed the advantages of the Modern American Law Course and Service. They fully appreciate now the incomparable value of an adequate, thorough law training. Here are some typical expressions: "Every page brings home more strongly the thought of what your course might have done for me, had I been able to follow it years ago." ' "My only regret is that I have not had an earlier opportunity offered to me to take advantage of the great benefits to be derived from Blackstone Institute." "Had I known, years ago, just a small part of the information which your Course has taught me, I should have been saved time, loss and money." "My only regret is that it was not possible for me to acquire this training years ago." "I had no idea that the study of law could be made 80 interesting. Everything seems to have been made as simple as possible and written in such a way that it Is easy to assimilate the points brought out. I regret, however, that your Course was not open to me years ago. Although there are no royal roads to learning, there are good roads and bad ones. I have no hesitation THE LAW TRACED MAN 105 in saying tiiat your method is not only a good one, but to my mind the best." A LiBEKAL, Education Every educated man and woman seeks to be cul- tured. Culture brings to one tlie ability to converse well and without embarrassment. It develops the power to write forcibly and effectively. Culture is the result of a liberal education. No branch of human knowledge is foreigTi to the law. It is itself a liberal education. It rounds out and completes the training of every man and woman. It brings culture. As you study the Modern American Law Course and Service you learn the elements of the sciences and arts. In the common law, you have history ; in the statute law, the organization of states ; in crimi- nal law, sociology and prison reform; in evidence, psychology ; in pleadings, logic ; in master and serv- ant, economics. Through this Course you increase your vocabulary. You also learn how to concen- trate — how to make the best use of your time in order to have more time for leisure. For those who are without prior schooling in the colleges or the high schools, the Modern American Law Course and Service combines in simple form the elements of all education. It brings to 3^ou the opportunity to acquire a liberal education and the culture of the law trained man. The educated mind and broadened intellect of the law trained man make him a leader. He presides 100 BLACK8T0NE INSTITUTE over distinguislied audiences. He is requested to receive prominent visitors to bis city or town. He is invited into the most exclusive social circles. His valuable advice is sougbt by civic organizations. He is appointed to investigating committees. The culture of the law trained man is that of the intellect. He is prominent by the very force of his superior training. Why the Blackstone Institute Method? To study law by the Blackstone Institute method does not demand hardship or sacrifice. You can obtain the manifold advantages which the Staff offers to you in its Course and Service without interfering with your present occupation. You can profit by the experience and knowledge of these men while you earn your living. A few of the advantages of the Modern Ameri- can Law Course and Service have been outlined in the preceding pages. No doubt, you have discov- ered many distinctly new, but approved features in studying law. You have also noted that modern methods for learning have been adopted. A description of a session of the Supreme Court of the United States does not produce the same effect as if you had been present yourself in the courtroom while the Justices took their places on the l)onoh. So it is with the Modem American Law Course and Service. The printed word can never de- pict its progressive nature, its high standards and its efficiency. Your full appreciation can come only if you lot us make it serve you. the law trained man 107 Points Emphasized » Blackstone Institute, including' The Sprague Cor- respondence School of Law, is the oldest and largest institution for law training in the world. In more than twenty-five years' history the busi- ness methods of this school have never been criti- cized. Our Course and Service is universally endorsed by prominent members of President Wilson's Cabi- net, by United States Senators and Representatives, by more than a thousand leading judges and law- yers in all parts of the country and by the heads of great corporations and educational institutions everywhere. We have the confidence and esteem of deans and professors in the leading resident law schools. Eighty distinguished authorities — America's best legal talent — including prominent deans and pro- fessors in leading resident law schools, eminent judges and leading lawyers — contributed to this Course and Service. Modern American Law Course and Service is the only home study course actually supervised by a Staff of deans and professors in resident law schools, judges, lawj^ers, bar examiners and busi- ness men. We combine the best features of both the text and case methods of instruction. Our Course covers all the subjects offered in the resident law schools, and includes every subject re- quired by bar examiners. 108 BLACK8T0NE INSTITUTE We are the only institution offering a home study course in law which can offer you the leading stand- ard work, Modern American Law. (Cited: "M. A. L.") Modern American Law is the only authoritative series especially prepared for home study, which is cited by Supreme Court Judges in their opinions and used by hundreds of lawyers throughout the country. This new work, including both text and cases, is rapidly supplanting the older standard text books in the leading resident law schools. The Staff directs your reading b}' Guides espe- cially prepared for this Course. We offer you Problems for solution which have been prepared under the direction of former bar ex- aminers. Your solutions to the Problems are graded only l)y members of the bar. We provide you with Model Solutions for comparison with your solutions of the Problems. Blackstone Institute alone offers Lectures writ- ten by authorities on subjects otherwise not found in books. We give }ou Individual and Personal Service. Such an array of equipment for a thorough, mas- terful legal training is proof positive tliat we are pre-eminently fitted to teach you. Only a few hours a week taken out of your spare time are necessary to complete the entire Course. You may proceed as rapidly as you desire. Many THE LAW TRAINED MAN 109 of our students complete the Course in less than three years. No specific preliminary education is required. The Course is easy to read — everything is written in plain simple English. Our Course and Service is the result of many years of successful experience in teaching law both at home and in the resident law schools. . We have successfully taught law to thousands of students. More than thirty thousand students have enrolled with us. Our graduates are practicing law in every state of the Union. The Oldest School — Founded 1890 — The Largest School. CHAPTER VIII FINAL JUDGMENT "Every man who expects to achieve substantial success in the business or professional world should be legally trained." FORMER PRESIDENT TAFT. THE law trained man will always continue to stamp bis name upon business affairs — tlie le- gal profession will always claim tbe bigbest bonors witbin tbe gift of our democracy. Tbe law trained man is rapidly outstripping bis untrained rival. ' ' Wbat are you studying now I " is the question wbicli is being asked today. If you can answer, "Law," your services are preferred. How, tben, sball you become law trained? By tbe Modern American Law Course and Service. Your Success After the witnesses have testified in a law suit, experts given their opinions and documents been offered in evidence, tbe lawyers make their closing arguments to tbe jury. The judge then instructs them. After weighing the evidence for each side they bring in their verdict. If tbe court accepts tlieir decision, be enters a final judgment in tbe case. In the preceding pages you have read tbe testi- mony of many competent witnesses on the merits of tbe Course and Service of Blackstone Institute. [110] THE LAW TRAINED MAN HI You have considered the opinions of expert educa- tors and have read the unanimous verdict of law- yers and business men that this Course and Service is simple, practical and thorough. Judges have ex- plained for you its superior standard of reading law. You are now ready to form your final judg- ment on this evidence. You know what this Course and Service is doing for others. It will do the same for you. The Staff of Blackstone Institute will make you a law trained man— increase your abiUties, your efficiency, your earning power. You have been told why the busiest men make time to read this Course — how it enables them to avoid expensive mistakes. Subscribers have testi- fied for you that their legal knowledge in single instances alone has more than repaid the time they gave. Yet, their interesting reading occupied only a few hours each week. The well-organized Course and Service of the Blackstone Institute has been described. You know that the law student can herein receive a legal train- ing equaled only by that of the resident school, and an intimate personal service developed to a de- gree never before reached even by a college course. You know that herein business men can acquire the fundamentals of all branches of the law by a prac- tical, interesting and time-saving method. You also know that the Staff, composed of edu- cators, lawyers, judges and business men, can give you the opportunity to win the big rewards in busi- 112 BLACKSTOXE IXSTITUTE uess and in the legal profession which come to the law trained man. The evidence is conclusive. Final Judgmen^t Today never comes again. To delay forming your judgment, even for a day, is to permit those who are studying law to gain an advantage over you. Decide now in favor of your personal success. Decide to win success through law — to study law with the Staff of Blackstone Institute. Let them serve you now — before another day slips by. Make your decision today — and act. CHAPTER IX EVIDENCE FROM THOSE WHO KNOW OF the thousands of commendatory letters that we are constantly receiving, those which fol- low are fair samples. They show the thor- oughness and efficiency of our Course and Service, what we have enabled others to accomplish, what we can therefore enable you to accomplish. Can you ask stronger testimony? These letters are worth your careful reading. From Attorney General's Office. It is very pleasing to realize that at last a sensible and clear course in law has been presented to the men of the country, bringing to them a course of university standards. HONORABLE WM. C. FITTS, Special Assistant, in charge of anti-trust legislation, to the Attorney General of the United States. From a Foremost University Professor. Prof. Charles A. Graves, of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., while Dean of the Law Department of the Washington and Lee University, wrote to one of our students: "It gives me pleasure to speak in terms of high commendation of The Blackstone Institute, including the Sprague Correspond- ence School of Law. My opinion of it is based upon my observa- tion of the number of their graduates who have afterwards taken our law course and upon the testimony of their students. One of their students took our course in one year and graduated second in his class. Of course, as The Blackstone Institute has often stated, the study of law by correspondence cannot fully take the place of the regular law school, nor supply the ad- vantages of personal intercourse with one's teachers and fel- low students, but it is the next best thing — far superior to the study of law in an office." 8 [ 113 ] 114 BLACESTONE INSTITUTE Three Stuuents Pass in One Examination in Oklahoma, Meet- ing That State's Severe Requirements — First and Third Honors. Foss, Oklahoma. Gentlemen: I here enclose you a copy of the "Foss Enterprise" which gives an account of my passing the bar examination at Guthrie. I came out head man in the examination in the grades and received a great ovation in the Supreme Court room at Guthrie for the honors I had attained in the examination. I thought you would be interested to hear and so I write you this letter. Respectfully, W. J. O'HARA. Commissioners of the Land Office, State of Oklahoma. Guthrie, Okla. Dear Sir: I beg to acknowledge receipt of the diploma sent me and to assure you that I prize the same very highly. It gives me a great deal of pleasure to inform you that I have just stood the bar examination in this state and passed the same with com- parative honors, being the third man in a class of sixty-five, among whom were Harvard, Yale, Ann Arbor, Vanderbilt, and other college men. I made an average grade on the sixteen subjects on which I was examined of 90 per cent., the high man only going forty points above me on the total of the grades for the sixteen subjects. I am now admitted to practice in all the courts of Oklahoma, and want to assure you that I feel that to your splendid institution is due a great deal of the credit. Thanking you for past favors and assuring you of my good wishes, good will, and assistance, if possible, I am. Yours very truly, (Signed) R. P. WYATT. Lynch-Forsythe School, Ray S. Fellows, Principal. Tulsa, Oklahoma. Gentlemen: I passed the Oklahoma bar examination the first week in December, along with two others of your students, in a class of more than sixty. My grade was 88 1/^, the highest being but a THE LAW TRAINED MAN 115 few points higher. There were applicants who graduated from Yale, Harvard, Chicago, Michigan, and all the other strong law schools in the country, but few of them got a higher grade than I did. Wishing to thank you for all that I have gotten out of your course, and adding that I shall, at all times, be glad to recom- mend your School to would-be lawyers, I remain, Very sincerely yours, RAY S. FELLOWS. A New England Student Succeeds. Berlin, N. H. Dear Sir: Answering your inquiry, I found The Blackstone Institute, including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law Course, very good indeed. Their text-books are fine and their les- sons are easy to comprehend and instructive, and I have no hesitancy in recommending it very highly to you. For your own judgment as to the value of the course, I will state that at the time I took the bar examination there were students from Boston University and Harvard Law School, and that I took no instruction in law but the Blackstone Course and Service, yet my examination ranked the highest of any in the class. Yours very truly, OVIDE J. COULOMBE. Passes New York Bab Examination. 2 Rector Street, New York, N. Y. Dear Sir: It will please you to know that I have been admitted to the Bar of the State of New York; and I am glad to testify to the fact that it was due to the thorough training received through your method of teaching that I owe my knowledge of the funda- mental principles of the law. I have a friend who thinks he would like to take up the study of the law. Please send him particulars. Wishing your School continued prosperity, I am, Very truly yours, NATHAN B. CHADSEY. 116 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE EVERYTIIIXG As RErRESENTED. 474 Cleveland St., Brooklyn. Gentlemen: I hereby acknowledge the receipt of my diploma from your School. And also wish to say that I have found your School everything as represented. Yours very truly, E. A. ASHLY. From ax Old Student, Now a Successful Ohio Lawyer. Columbus, Ohio. Gentlemen: Your system commends itself in my estimation as the most advantageous method of study by any person who is not attend- ing the regular law school. It furnishes the student with the direction and outline needed to call his attention to the essential elements of the particular branch of the law which he has, at the time, under consideration. In my case, I was teaching at the time I took a part of the course and used the method thus offered to supplement the general direction of the lawyer under whom I was registered. I found it suited exactly to the purpose, thus enabling me to secure advanced standing in the regular law school which I afterwards attended. I desire to extend my grateful regards to the management of the School, and am pleased to note its continuing success. With best wishes for the future, I am, Yours truly, (Signed) 0. E. HALTERMAN. Thoroughly Qualified For Advanced Standing in University Law School. Lexington, Va. Gentlemen : I am in receipt of your favor of the 10th inst., for which accept my thanks. Since writing you last I have entered the law department of the Washington and Lee University. Will say in passing, that owing to the thoroughness of my work with you and the effi- ciency of your excollent course, I am enabled to enter the Senior class here, and find that my knowledge of the law is clearer and THE LAW TRAINED MAN 117 more thorough than many who spent their Junior year at this or some other college. Very respectfully yours, DOUGLAS G. TINSLEY. A Utah County Clerk Passes Bar Examination — An Inter- esting Case. Heber, Utah. Gentlemen: I take special pleasure in informing you that I took the State bar examination on the 10th day of October, in a class of twelve, including graduates of the Law Departments of Yale, Harvard, University of Michigan and University of Chicago, and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the State of Utah on October 11th; also that on December 5th, I was admitted to the bar of the Federal Courts of the District of Utah. I have been slow, as I enrolled with you in June, 1902, bor- rowing the money to pay my tuition, but I have supported a family of seven, including myself, during that time, and am living in a much more comfortable home than when I began to read law. My license as an attorney represents to me my savings account of odd minutes (very few whole hours) during that time, and even if I should never practice law, I should con- sider it very valuable. As it is, I retire from the County Clerk's office next Monday noon, and expect to hang out my shingle at Myton on January 15th. Wishing your school the success it deserves, I remain, with heartfelt gratitude, CHAS. J. WAHLQUIST, County Clerk. Adjiitted to Bar in Missouri. Leavenworth, Kansas. Dear Sirs: I passed the bar examination in Missouri last May after studying with you for only a year and a half, and before I had completed your full course. The examination was unusually severe, a fact which is attested by the failure of 51 candidates out of a class of 149, of whom by far the greater majority were graduates of resident law schools. Beginning January 1st, 1911, I will be practicing for myself in Kansas City, Mo., and would be glad to have you use my lis BLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE name as a reference to any young man who might be contem- plating an enrollment in your course. Very truly yours, JOHN J. CASGROVE. Getting Good Resut-ts ix Central America. Bluefields, Nicaragua. The greater part of the work so far covered is review of studies successfully passed at the University before I came here, and I can now say that I am getting a great deal more out of the subjects than I did some years ago. SAMUEL T. LEE, American Consul. Great Mental Training. San Luis, Pampanga, P. I. Dear Sirs: In a few weeks I shall have finished my course. I have en- joyed the work immensely. I believe that I am better equipped mentally for having taken it. It seems to me that I can attack subjects other than the law in a more logical manner than I could before taking up this subject. I should have finished more than a year ago, but the nature of my work kept me away from home much of the time. I am perfectly satisfied with the course as laid out by your school, and know that I could pass the examination in any State. Very respectfully, (Signed) JAMES H. BASS. Stands First in Texas Bar Examination. Austin, Texas. Gentlemen: Your favor of the 4th inst. has been received. The examina- tion to which I referred was the State Bar Examination; how- ever, as I expect to complete the course with you, I am retaining the question sheet. I expect to renew work on the course to- morrow night. I am just in receipt of a card reading as follows: "Fort Worth, Texas, November 15, 1910. "Dear Sir: "The Board of Legal Examiners have returned their THE LAW TRAINED MAN 119 report and I am very glad to tell you that you made the best grade, your grade being a general average of 95. Only two passed. Will send you license soon. Yours truly, "(Signed) J. A. SCOTT, Clerk." I feel much pleased at my success in passing this examina- tion, as it was a very stiff one, there being about one hundred questions on each subject. Ten days were consumed in the ex- amination. While communicating to you the above information, I desire to express my appreciation of the great assistance afforded by the course of study conducted by you, as I feel that without your guidance no amount of study would have prepared me for the examination within the same period of time. Very truly yours, (Signed) G. F. ZIMMERMAN. Ranked Well W'ith Unh-ersity Graduates in Nebraska Bar Examination. Nebraska City, Neb. Gentlemen: Perhaps it will be of some little interest to you to learn that on the 8th and 9th of this month I took the examination for admission to the bar, and that I succeeded without any difficulty whatever. With me, participating in the examination, were ten others, mostly students of law colleges, but at no point in the proceedings did any of them have any advantage over me, and I was given to underst-and by members of the examining board that I ranked well with them. I have every reason to commend your course of instruction, especially in that during the three years that I have been required to study by the statutes of my state, I have not been required to lose any time from my regular employment on account of it. Wishing you and all your students the success in their en- deavors that has so far attended me, I am, Yours very truly, (Signed) J. S. MEYER. An Enthusiastic Graduate in the Philippines. The Supreme Court of The Philippine Islands. Manila, P. I. Gentlemen : I have the honor to inform you that I have been admitted to 120 BLACKSTOXE INSTITUTE practice before all the courts of the Philippine Islands, as the result of having successfully passed the bar examination last month. The examination extended over a period of three days. There were a hundred candidates who took the examination. Forty- six passed. I made a creditable showing and stood fifteenth in final average. In conclusion, I desire to thank you gentlemen for your kind- ness to me, and to say this much in behalf of The Blackstone Institute, including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law: I consider that it is the best correspondence school of law in existence; its methods are the best; its course is the most thorough, and its professors are as capable as can be found in any law school. I owe much to your school. I would not have been able to pass the bar examination had I not taken your course. Wishing you more success, I remain, Gratefully yours, FRANK H. YOUNG, Attorney-at-Law, Manila, P. I., care Supreme Court. Helped Him Wix Advanced Standing in Resident School. Valparaiso, Ind. Gentlemen: I have your letter of the 4th and thank you for your encour- agement and help. Coming here, as I have, late, I am under a burden of discouraging circumstances, but the work under you has enabled me to swing into the classes, and I believe I can make it all right. Again thanking you and assuring you I am a warm friend of your school and your thorough method of instruction, I remain, Yours truly, J. BUELL SWOPE. STUDENTS IN EVERY PART OF THE WORLD. Blackstone Institute, including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law, has entered with its instruction every civilized country on the face of the globe and presents herewith a list made up from the many hundreds of its foreign students: THE LAW TRAINED 31 AN 121 Aalsquarde, Denmark — A. M. Levinsohn. Albay, P. I. — Albert E. Somerville. Altona, Manitoba — Daniel McLean. Bangkok, Siam — Soh Thian Luis. Barkersville, Ont. — E. D. Fargo. Batopilas, Mex. — Frank E. Cody. Brantford, Ont.— W. 0. McKay. Cairo, Egypt — Said Saad. Cartigena, Columbia — Oliver P. MacKay. Calgary, N. W. T.— William A. Yuill. Cavite, P. L— H. H. Buck, J. A. Koenig. Charleston, B. C. — Mrs. W. L. Harris, J. H. Carnahan. Chihuahua, Mex. — J. B. Fressider. Chungking, China — Geo. F. Smithers. City of Mexico, Mex. — J. R. McDonough, H. W. Reed. Coal Banks, N. W. T.— Geo. H. Johnston, Jr. Columbia Barracks, Cuba — E. W. Arwood, Troop K, 7th Cavalry. Constantinople, Turkey — William W. Peet. Constantinople, Turkey — Geo. Stanley Murray. Coppercliff, Ont. — J. D. Murray. Cornwall, Canada — S. B. Fraser. Corozal, C. Z., Panama — Theodore Longabaugh. Deseronto, Ontario — C. A. Millener and M. J. Butler, the latter of whom, however, has since the beginning of his study taken up his residence in Chicago. DeWinton, N. W. T.— Isadore Kelly. Durango, Mex. — Frank S. Lucas. Ensenada, Mex. — E. A. Sawday. Fajardo, P. L — Andrew Hoist. Farnham, Que. — Malcolm Beaton. Foo Chow, China — Wilbur T. Cracey. Gibara, Cuba — Pedro A. Cardona. Grand Bassa, Liberia — J. H. Green. Granville, Yukon — Gustav B. Schuncke. Greenwood City, B. C. — C. E. Rueger. Guanabacoa, Cuba — M. Morris Delgado. Hailua, H. L — John Greig. Hakalau, H. L — Eugene A. Capellas. Hamilton, Ont. — R. M. Stuart, P. A. Thomson. Hamilton, Ont. — Robert K. Palmer, Mrs. J. I. Marshall. Hamilton, Ont— Thos. W. Williamson, Jr., J. H. Hamilton. Hankow, China — R. A. Frost. 122 BLACKSrOXE IXSTITUTE Students i.\ Every Part of the World. Havana, Cuba — Albert F. Elkins, Jose Ramirez de Arellano. Havana, Cuba — J. W. Watson, F. A. Morris. Havana, Cuba — Geo. L. Weber, John Rivera. Heidelberg, Germany — Gustave Mueller. Hilea, Hawaii, H. I.— Wm. K. Makakoa. Hilo, H. I. — J. E. Gamelielson, W. H. Beers, Geo. Henry Vickars, Keith F. Mackie. Honokaa, Hawaii — Enos Vincent, Chas. Williams, E. W. Estep. Honolulu, H. T. — P. Dansen Kellett, Jr., Harry Z. Austin, Charles A. Peterson, M. D.; Wm. L. Peterson. Honolulu. H. T.— A. L. Ahlo. Honolulu, H. T. — Henry Peters, Henry Hapai, Carlos A. Long, W. O. Cromwell, W. J. Coelho, C. H. Dickey, J. A. Templeton, Edwin Farmer, H. I. Johnston, Joseph Frias, J. L. Poorman, Samuel Kallva, W. L. Howard, John A. Hughes, Miller V. Parsons,- W. R. Chilton, Jr., Eugene Z. Aiu, S. Cheng Chau. Iloilo, P. I.— W. C. Taylor. Ingersoll, Ont. — F. Bradbury, Geo. Batcheller. Kahului, H. I.— H. W. Baldwin. Kailua, H. I. — Jno. C. Lenhart. Kalso, B. C— D. McPhail. Kaneche, H. I. — William Henry. Kapoho, H. T. — Chas. Weatherbee. Kealia, H. I.— John W. Neal. Khartoum, Sudan — Abd El Galiel Saad. Kingston, Ont.— H. B. Mills, Robert M. Allen. Kingsville, Ont.— J. A. McK. Williams. Kohala, H. I.— J. F. Child. Kolva, H. I.— J. S. Ferry. Kukuhaele, H. I. — William Homer. Lahaina, Maui, H. I. — W. Elmo Reavis, A. W. Hayselden. Lahaina, H. I. — E. A. Carleton. Laupahoehoa, H. I. — Geo. M. Deacon. Lepperton, New Zealand — David Bennett Levis, P. Q. — Guy A. Simpson. Lihue, H. L— S. Sheva. London, Ont. — John W. Dickson. Lucena, P. L— W. W. Weston. Magdalena, P. L — Jose Francis. Magot, Que. — J. Theo. McRae. Makaweli, H. L — J. Dyson. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 123 Students in Every Part of the World. Manila, P. I.— Fred C. Fisher, Donald Hummer. Manila, P. I.— Chas. F. Herr, Isaac P. Israel, John T. Miller. Manila, P. I.— Lieut. E. M. Norton, William H. Donovan, E. Douglas Barnes, C. W. Rheberg, Oscar F. Rickard. W. D. Cheek, Lieut. Walter D. Buttenbach, Harry L. Beckjord, Gregorio Neva, A. O. Zinn. Mantanzas, Cuba— F. W. Kirksey. Mexico City, Mex.— D. G. Farragut, H. F. Bennett. Middleton, N. B. — Winthrop H. Lockhart. Moncton, N. B.— Q. C Rand. Monrovia, Liberia — Isaac Mooart. Monte Criste, Dom. Rep.— L. Z. Missick. Montreal, Can.— Wm. B. Clark, C. P. Simpson. Montreal, Que.— William P. Clark, E. Edwin Howard, Stephen J. LeHuray, lahiko Honbee, Bernard Rose. Mount Brydges, Ont.— Charles J. Bradley. Mount Pleasant, B. C— Walter C. Clark. Moyee City, B. C— Eldon A. Barrick. Nahiku, Hawaii — W. E. Lemon. Nanaimo, B. C. — Adam Thompson. Nanking, China— T. Theo. Wong. Napoosa, Hawaii— Harry T. Mills. Nelson, B. C— James Sproat. Newburgh, Ont.— E. A. Nesbit. North Kona, H. I.— A. McWayne. Oahu, H. I. — Charles Wilson. Omealca, Mex. — J. G. Mason. Orillia, Ont. — Ernest A. Wakefield. Paauilo, H. I. — Charles Nottley, Jr. Panama, Republic of Panama — D. A. Galdos. Papaikou, H. I. — William McCluskey. Pasay, P. I.— J. H. Webb. Pekin, China — Chas. Denby, Jr., son of the former United States minister. Peterborough, Can. — Charles A. Barton. Petrolia, Ont.— S. T. Crane. Ponce, P. R. — Henry Kersten. Puerta Principe, Cuba — Francisco A. Serra. Raymond, Alta. — Geo. T. Woide. Rodney, Ont. — J. S. Robertson, G. Barnard Morris. Rothsay, Ont. — I. H. Lowes. 124 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Students in E\'ery Part of the World. Rossland, B. C— T. C. Hartland, Fred Barker, H. E. Abell. St. Davids, Ont.— Howard W. Fairlie. St. Johns, N. B. — Stanley M. Hunter. St. Johns, Newfoundland — S. A. Churchill. St. Petersburg, Russia — R. Hill. Saltillo, Mex. — Roque J. Rodrigues. San Geronimo, Mex. — Chas. B. Mitchell. San Juan, P. R. — Pedro Carlos Timothee, J. H. Hanaford. San Luis de la Paz, Mex. — H. D. Brown. Santiago, Chili — A. F. Clement. Santa Cruz, P. I.— S. C. Tidd. Sarnia, Ont. — Stuart G. Cameron. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. — John A. McLeod. Shanghai, China — A. L. Ahlo. Sheffield Academy, Ont. — C. Sidney Burpee. Sitka, Alaska — L. Jensen. Smith's Falls, Ont.— J. F. Delaney. Smithville, Ont.— C. Fritz Shaw. » Stellarton, N. S. — John T. MacLennan. Suva, Fiji Islands — Norman Smith. Tacloban, P. I.— J. L. Fisk. Tacubaya, Mex. — C. N. Puga. Tahiti, Soc. I. — William F. Doty. Three Rivers, B. C. — Urbain J. Ledoux. Toronto, Ont.— W. R. Ward. Toronto, Ont. — J. R. Carter, S. A. Weismiller. Unga, Alaska — 0. R. McKinney. Van Anda, B. C. — Harry McCluskey. Vancouver, B. C. — Walter C. Green. Waialua, Oahu, H. I. — A. S. Mahaulu. Waihi, Ney Zealand — Thomas Hugh Torrens. Wailuku, H. I.— S. Keliinoi. Waimea, H. I. — I. B. Maklin. Walkerville, Ont. — Neil McLachlin. Wilno, Ont. — L. M. Makowski. Winkler, Man. — Ernest Ritze. Winnipeg, Man. — John McRae, Frederick J. G. McArthur, H. P. Burton. Winnipeg, Man. — L. St. Geo. Stubbs. Wolf River, Ont.— M. H. Tupper. Yance, P. R.— Rafael M. Delgado. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 125 Yarmouth, N. S.— Charles S. Pelton. Yenangyot, British India — Harry A. Smith. Yokohama, Japan — J. E. DeBecker. Zumboange, P. I. — J. E. Koenig. Tokyo, Japan — Shigeo Kanai. A PARTIAL LIST OF PROMINENT MEN WHO Have Studied With Blackstoxe Institute, Including The Sprague Coreespondence School of Law. It must be borne in mind that constant changes in resi- dences take place of which we are not advised, and further, that changes in business may occur. Therefore, the list is not abso- lutely correct so far as residences and, probably, present busi- nesses are concerned. The list is as nearly correct as can be made from the information at our disposal. The business given is the business in which the student was engaged while studying law with us. Editors. H. L. Goodwin, Farmington, Me., Farmington Weekly Inde- pendent. Geo. E. Reed, Prairie Depot, Ohio, The Observer. Alvah P. French, Mt. Vernon, N. Y., Daily Argus. W. L. Davis, Toledo, Ore., Lincoln County Leader. Jas. F. Ross, Pearisburg, Va., The Virginian. . W. S. O'Brien, Yuba City, Cal., Sutter Independent. Wm. M. Pettit, Prospect, O., Advance-Monitor. Calvin D. Myers, Glouster, O., Glouster Press. J. B. Talavall, New York, N. Y., Publisher Telegraph Age. R. C. Merrick, Ellburn, 111., Ellburn Record. F. R. Stevens, Crary, N. D., Ramsey Co. Courier. B. L. Smith, Basalt, Colo., The Tribune. Cyrus Coleman, Henrietta, Tex., Henrietta Independent. Clyde R. Hoey, Shelby, N. C, Cleveland Star. P. C. Fullmer, W. Jefferson, 0., The Home News. G. L. Swartz, Poynette, Wis., Editor and Publisher The Poynet'o Press. Wm. J. Latham, Canton, Miss., Baptist Safeguard. A. J. Garver, Leeds, N. D., Proprietor Benson County News. C. K. Semling, Halstead, Minn., Proprietor Halstead Reporter. Prof. W. C. Stevenson, Emporia, Kans., Editor State Normal Monthly. 126 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. R. T. Clayton, Pavo, Ga., President Pavo Herald Publishing Co. C. W. Ludtke, Markesan, Wis., Publisher Markesan Herald. Wm. J. Latham, Canton, Miss., Baptist Safeguard. Morgan D. Jones, Dosier, Ala., Searight Beacon. Jere Dennis, Birmingham, Ala., Labor Advocate. A. J. Russell, Green Forest, Ark., Green Forest Tribune. E. Anthony, Castrovill, Wash., Castrovill Times. O. P. M. Huffman, Portland, N. D., Portland Republican. H. Jennings, Bartlesville, Okla., Magnet. R. C. Walker, Marion, Ky., Press. W. H. Book, Roseau, Minn., Roseau Plain-Dealer. Lewis J. Davis, Union, Ore., Republican. John R. Hawkins, Kittrell, N. C, Publisher The Educator. O. H. Culver, Roche Harbor, Wash., The San Juan Islander. John Harris, Cuba, Mo., Publisher The Cuba Telephone. W. S. O'Brien, Yreka, Cal., Editor The Siskiyou News. A. M. F. Kirchheiner, Antelope, Ore., Publisher The Republican. Chas. E. Hicks, Arlington, Ore., The Independent. J. B. Sanford, Ukiah, Cal., Dispatch-Democrat. C. W. Merriweather, Paducah, Ky., The Bee. Jo. Hewlett, Cullman, Ala., The Tribune-Gazette. W. H. Folsom, Pinetop, Minn., Homestead Review. John Henry Zuver, Battle Creek, Mich., The Lawgiver. W. C. Hunt, Walsenburg, Colo., The Walsenburg World. Ministers. Rev. Harry L. Murray, Indianola, 111. Rev. Stanley M. Hunter, St. Johns, N. B. Rev. H. L. McKinney, Greenville, Tenn. Rev. F. A. Burdick, Wilmot, S. D. Rev. Owen James, Eastport, Me. Rov. Paul N. Coyer, Waterville, Me. Rev. Quincy J. Collins, Clayville, N. Y. Rev. Smith Ordway, Sodus, N. Y. Rev. James Donahue, Summitville, 0. Rev. Fred S. Powell, Clunette, Ind. Rev. W. T. McConncll, Sidell, 111. Rev. R. P. Zebley, Philadelphia, Pa. Rov. Eugene A. Robinson, Bloomville, N. Y. Rev. John Gray, Yammons. Rev. C. J. Nutt, Keswick, la. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 127 Studied With Us. Rev. J. R. Ramsey, South Sioux City, Neb. Rev. Maurice F. Murpliy, Seattle, Washington. Rev. R. R. Bulgin, Montpelier, Indiana. Rev. Herman Lind, Ellchart, Indiana. Rev. J. R. Finley, Centralia, Missouri. Educators. G. W. Denman, Corvallis, Ore., Superintendent County Schools. W. E. Leitner, Hawthorne, Fla., Principal. W. E. Hicks, Ellendale, N. D., Superintendent County Schools. C. T. Cocham, Monticello, Ark., Superintendent Monticello Graded School. I. B. Alford, Geneva, Tex., Principal High School. Wellington Hodgkins, West Dennis, Mass., Superintendent High School. W. B. Howard, Childress, Tex., Superintendent Public Schools. C. W. Kimmel, Butler, Ind., Superintendent Public Schools. C. V. Fulton, Butte, Mont., Principal Garfield School. B. E. Nelson, Lewiston, 111., Superintendent Lewiston Public Schools. G, W. Shaw, Corvallis, Ore., Professor Oregon Agricultural Col- lege. B. F. Carter, Benedict, Kan., Principal Benedict High School. S. E. Mace, Oquawka, 111., Superintendent County Schools. L. L. Raymond, Gering, Neb., Superintendent County Schools. D. C. Fleming, Sterling, Colo., Superintendent Public Schools. Fred L. Gibson, Meadow Creek, Mont., Principal Public Schools. H. B. Fuller, Lewiston, Mich., Principal Public Schools. J. F. Main, Keithsburg, 111., Principal Public Schools. M. J. Yeomans, Dawson, Ga., Superintendent City Schools. R. F. Beausay, Upper Sandusky, O., formerly Superintendent Public Schools, Pemberville, O. H. T. Lumpkin, Oglethorpe, Ga., Principal Lumpkin Academy. Alfred Torngren, Winthrop, Minn., Superintendent Schools. D. A. Nesbit, Newburg, Ont., Principal High School. Evan W. Estep, Honokaa, Hawaii, H. I., Principal Government English School. 0. L. Galbreth, La Porte, Ind., County Superintendent of Schools. Walter Irwin, North Manchester, Ind., Superintendent Public School. F. J. Miller, Fort Benton, Mont., Principal of Schools. 1:28 ilLACKSTONE IXSTITUTE Studied With Us. J. F. Nowlin, Pendleton, Ore., Superintendent of County Schools. J. W. Purves, Wausaukee, Wis., Principal Wausaukee Public Schools. F. E. Green, Kalispell, Mont., Superintendent Public Schools. L. G. Scott, Fontanelle, la., Superintendent of Schools. E. F. Wilson, Lake City, Fla., Principal Apalachicola Public Schools. E. L. Coffeen, Waukon, la., Principal Waukon Public Schools. P. H. Kelley, Mt. Pleasant, Mich., Superintendent Public Schools. Wm. P. Ramey, A. M., Carlisle, Ky., Superintendent Carlisle City Schools. S. C. Fullilove, Shreveport, La., Assistant Principal Boys' Gram- mar Schools. G. A. Holley, Yale, Miss., Principal Oakland Normal Institute. Carl C. Magee, Carroll, Iowa, Superintendent Public Schools. J. E. Modin, Center City, Minn., Superintendent County Schools. W. M. Webb, Plymouth, 0., Principal Plymouth Public Schools. S. E. Mace, Stronghurst, 111., Superintendent County Schools. E. O. Busenburg, Glendive, Mont., Principal Public Schools. Frank Clapper, Castleton, N. Y., Principal Public Schools. A. C. Burrell, Indianapolis, Ind., Professor Indianapolis High School. Charles W. Macomber, A. M., Waukon, la.. Principal Public Schools. Amos Shinn, "Vincent, 0., Superintendent Public Schools. Wm. M. Finch, Willows, Cal., Superintendent County Schools. F. E. Lark, Onawa, la.. Superintendent County Schools. J. J. McFaul, North McGregor, la.. Principal Public Schools. Frank Seward Miller, Mahanoy City, Pa., Superintendent Public Schools. Dudley Grant Hays, Chicago, 111., Professor Chicago Normal School. J. L. Howser, Broadwell, 111., Superintendent Broadwell Schools. J. A. Bexoll, Rock Island, III., Professor Augustana College. H. E. Cox, Santa Cruz, Cal., Principal Chestnutwood's Business College. D. C. Luening, Milwaukee, Wis., Principal Second District School. S. E. Gidncy, Smithville, Tex., Superintendent Smithville Public Schools. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 129 Studied With Us. G. G. Ulmer, Valley Falls, R. I., Principal Grammar School. W. S. Baker, Princeville, 111., Principal Public Schools. D. E. Barnes, Tripoli, la.. Principal Public School. E. E. Edmonson, Gordon, Tex., Principal Gordon College. E. H. Griffin, Lakewood, N. D., Principal Lakewood Public Schools. R. C. Spencer, Audubon, la.. Superintendent Audubon Schools. J. H. T. Ames, New Richmond, Wis., Principal City Schools. F. L. Lamson, Montour Falls, N. Y., Professor Cook Academy. S. H. Allen, Nashville, Ark., Principal Nashville High School. Isaac Mitchell, Georgetown, O., Superintendent Public Schools. J. E. Shepard, Logan, Utah, Principal Commercial Department Agricultural College of Utah. John Gavin, The Dalles, Ore., Principal The Dalles Public Schools. W. A. Hiatt, Deshler, 0., Superintendent Deshler Public Schools. J. W. Faris, Logan, Utah, Principal Commercial Department Agricultural College. Paul Nichols, Henry, Tenn., Principal Henry High School. W. J. Sutton, Cheney, Wash., Principal State Normal School. W. L. Cronk, Castle, Mont., Principal Schools. J. W. Cooper, Shenandoah, Pa., Principal High School. W. P. Johnson, Marengo, la., Superintendent Public Schools. J. G. Johnson, Florence, Colo., Secretary Board of Education. A. E. Strode, Amherst P. O., Va., Associate Principal Kenmore High School. George E. Owen, Clinton, 111., Superintendent Public Schools. O. A. Allen, St. Peter, Minn., Principal Commercial Department Gustavus Adolphus College. C. R. Leas, West Sonora, O., Principal High School. Wilson M. Foulk, Piedmont, W. Va., Principal Davis Free School. J. L. Maynard, Halltown, Mo., Principal Public Schools. W. E. Rowe, White Sulphur Springs, Mont., Superintendent Pub- lic Schools. T. W. Kimber, Dalton, 0., Superintendent Public Schools. F. S. Brick, Belfast, Me., Superintendent Public Schools. W. C. Thompson, Cheboygan, Mich., Superintendent Public Schools. J. H. Harris, Bay City, Mich., Principal High School. John R. Hawkins, Kittrell, N. C, Supervisor of Schools, A. M. E. Church, 9 130 BLACK8T0NE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. R. E. Galloway, Sciota, 111., Principal Public Schools. H. V. Failor, Denison, la.. Superintendent Public Schools. J. R. Trotter, Charleston, W. Va., Superintendent of Free Schools of State. Reuben Perry, Lac du Flambeau, Wis., Superintendent Indian Schools. Thomas McCulloch, Red Oak, la.. Superintendent County Schools. J. E. Phillips, Sauk City, Wis., Principal High School. Pete W. Ross, Morris, Minn., Superintendent Public Schools. E. D. Morrison, Crawfordsville, la. J. F. Conner, Rock Springs, Wyo., Superintendent Public Schools. William S. Myers, New Brunswick, N. J., Professor Rutgers Col- lege. R. B. Holmes, Danville, 111., Superintendent County Schools. Frank Meyers, Dodge, Nebraska, Principal Public Schools. H. J. Wendt, Green River, Wyo., Principal Public Schools. Homer A. DeLoome, St. Louis, Mo., Professor Beaumont Hospital Medical College. F. P. Buck, St. Johns, Mich., Principal St. Johns Pligh School. R. Scott Miner, Viola, 111., Principal Public Schools. Lee A. Glassburn, Defiance, la., Principal Public Schools. Frank L. Grinstead, Kettle Falls, Wash., Principal of Public Schools. C. Martin Alsager, Fairdale, 111., Principal Fairdale Public Schools. T. A. Luman, Flemingsburg, Ky., Superintendent High School. B. M. Hardenbrook, Marion, S. D., Principal Public Schools. Edwin Rigby McDorman, Fairmount, Md., Principal Fairmount Academy. Tom P. Sloan, Washington, Pa., County School Commissioner. I. W. Bowman, Scoficld, Utah, Superintendent County Schools. W. M. Jackson, Campbellsvillc, Ky., Principal Campbellsville High School. J. T. Hooper, Ashland, Wis., Superintendent Public Schools. Guy W. Selby, Flushing, Mich., Superintendent Graded Schools. R. J. Rudscr, Aneta, N. D., Principal Aneta Public Schools. Lewis Johnson, Henrietta, Tex., Principal High School. T. W. Do Haven, Des Moines, la., Professor Drake University. S. S. Beggs, Beardstown, 111., Superintendent Beardstown Publid Schools. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 131 Studied With Us. J. S. Phipps, Peytona, W. Va., County Superintendent of Schools. H. S. Richardson, Walpole, N. H., Principal Walpole Graded School. Charles Danberg, East Liverpool, O., Secretary East Liverpool Public Library. Andrew T. Park, Duluth, Minn., Superintendent Public Schools. T. O. Sweetland, Kulm, N. Dak., Superintendent Public Schools. D. A. Grussendorf, Appleton, Minn., Superintendent Public Schools. J. Oran Carter, Byron, Tex., Principal Byron Public Schools. C. U. Stone, Peoria, 111., Superintendent Public Schools. Arthur Butler, Longmont, Colo., Principal Public Schools. E. T. Falting, Sherwood, Oregon, Principal Public Schools. J. M. Doty, Grand Chain, 111., Superintendent Public Schools. Fred E. Hansen, Nevada, Iowa, Superintendent County Schools. L. W. Mayberry, Arkansas City, Ark., President North Central Kansas Teachers' Association. Frank Elzey, Jacksonville, Fla., County Superintendent. W. W. Driskell, Conyers, Ga., Superintendent City Schools. Roscoe C. Hill, Colorado Springs, Colo., Principal. John C. Fisher, Ashland, Ohio, Superintendent Public Schools. Oscar Thomas, Greencastle, Ind., County Superintendent. Marcus B. Allmond, Millersville, Md., Principal. W. M. Hensel, Blissfield, Mich., County School Commissioner. John Clerkin, Vernon, Ind., County Superintendent. Chas. Coventry, Linton, N. D., County Superintendent. Hal E. Puffer, Capron, 111., Principal. P. H. Casey, Lynchburg, Va. J. F. H. Gorsuch, Fort, Md. Physicians. L. J. Schott, Naperville, 111. John Keiser, Jacksonville, Fla. C. A. Jenkins, Denver, 111. George W. Drury, Forsyth, 111. Milo A. McClelland, Knoxville, 111. H. A. Hazlett, Dunlap, Iowa. Charles A. Peterson, Honolulu, H. I. Thomas G. Tibby, Oakdale, 111. C. A. Neal, New Bedford, Mass. Wm. L. Robins, Washington, D. C. 132 BLACK8T0XE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. George Barrie, Washington, D. C. E. A. Hoffman, Brooklyn, N. Y., State Hospital. J. H. Davis, Jeffersonville, 0. A. Rliu, Marion, O. J. B. Woodhull, N. Bennington, Vt. J. P. Elliott, Boston, Mass. W. F. Justus, Industry, 111. C. J. Nutt, Otley, la. D. M. Easter, Altoona, Pa. John Lawrence, Baltimore, Md. W^ Woodbridge, Central City, la. W. J. Lau, Baraga, Mich. J. N. Barker, Shelby, O. F. Detlefsen, Chicago, 111. M. T. Beaman, Douglas, Kans. L. Lazaro, Washington, La. George S. Hazard, Hollis, N. H. Chas. C. Zacharie, White Plains, N. Y. L. E. Siegelstein. A. Smyth. W. A. Daugherty, Bucyrus, O. J. B. Howe, Ithaca, N. Y. A. M. Nicks, Blunt, Ark. W. H. Swartz, Taylor, Tex. Army Officers. John B. Christian, Cuba, Lieut. U. S. A. Geo. P. White, Fort Duchesne, Utah, Lieut. U. S. P. St. J. Wilson, Suffolk, Va., Capt. U. S. V. E. L. Swift, Fort Yates, N. D., Capt. U. S. A. Frederick E. Stetson, Fort Sheridan, 111., Lieut. U. S. A. Charles C. Jameson, Watertown, Mass., Lieut. U. S. A. S. M. Foote, Saxton's River, Vt., Lieut. U. S. A. R. B. Bryan, Fort Wingate, New Mexico, Lieut. U. S. A. Henry De H. Waite, Toledo, O., Lieut. U. S. A. (retired), Capt. U. S. V. Thomas E. Rose, Salt Lake City, Utah, Col. U. S. A. G. L. McCrellis, Hampton, la., Lieut. U. S. V. C. McK. Saltzman, Fort Reno, O. T., Lieut. U. S. A. C. W. Cotton, .Jacksonville, Fla., Capt. U. S. V. Will M. Hatch, Battle Creek, Mich., Capt. U. S. V. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 133 Studied With Us. Benj. H. Watkins, Madison Barracks, N. Y., Lieut. U. S. A. H. A. Brown, San Juan, P. R., Chaplain U. S. A. Walter M. Lindsay, Philippine Islands, Lieut. U. S. V. Daniel G. Berry, Denver, Colo., Lieut. U. S. A. P. A. Murphy, Scranton, Pa., Lieut. U. S. A. M. D. Cronin, Plattsburg Barracks, N. Y., Capt. U. S. A. J. B. Morton, Mare Island, Cal., Lieut. U. S. N. W. E. Cadman, Narcoossee, Fla., Lieut. Colonel British Army, retired. Bankers. This list does not include employes of banks, such as tellers, bookkeepers, etc., of whom there are several hundred. Burt Fleming, West Lebanon, Ind., Cashier Farmers' Bank. Daniel P. Wild, Sycamore, 111., Daniel Pierce & Co. A. Beuthien, New Liberty, la.. Cashier New Liberty Savings Bank. T. C. Torrison, Ute, la.. Palmer & Torrison, Bankers. Charles H. Hartung, Van Home, la.. Cashier Savings Bank. Perry M. Thorn, Hamburgh, N. Y., Cashier The People's Bank of Hamburgh. C. D. Ryder, Danbury, Conn., Treasurer Union Savings Bank. W. A. Watts, Lowell, Mich., Cashier The City Bank. Guy C. Clary, Clearmont, Mo., Cashier Jackson Bank. Chas. A. Potter, Nerstrand, Minn., Cashier Bank of Nerstrand. B. D. Bradley, Ethel, Mo., Cashier Bank of Ethel. F. B. Myers, Biwabik, Minn., Cashier Bank of Biwabik. Earl R. Conder, Orleans, Ind., Cashier National Bank of Orleans. E. R. Green, Overton, Neb., Cashier Alfalfa State Bank. Nels J. Brevig, Sacred Heart, Minn., Cashier Citizens' Bank. Ernst Robyn, Augusta, Mo., Cashier Bank of Augusta. Ray Nyemaster, Atalissa, la., Cashier Atalissa Savings Bank. Joseph A. Barousse, Church Point, La., Cashier Commercial Bank. Edw. L. Smith, Hedrick, la., Cashier Hedrick State Bank. Geo. W. Harris, Paulina, la., Cashier Farmers' State Bank. H. B. Hurd, Walpole, N. H., Treasurer The Savings Bank of Walpole. C. J. Carlson, Cokato, Minn., Cashier Farmers' and Merchants' Bank. Owen A. Kimball, Sunbury, 0., Cashier The Farmers' Bank. 134 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. E. B. Page, Leeds, N. Dak., President First National Bank. W. L. Tooley, Moulton, Tex., W. L. Tooley & Co., Bankers. Geo. W. Wood, Jr., Ralston, Iowa, Cashier Bank of Ralston. Edward C. Rumph, Miami, Fla., Cashier First National Bank. E. R. Hamer, Dillon, S. Car., Cashier People's Bank. M. M. Watkins, Dillon, S. Car., Asst. Cashier People's Bank. J. J. Bowman, Lake City, Ark., Cashier Farmers' & Merchants' Bank. W. M. Clark, Baldwin, Kans., Cashier Baldwin State Bank. J. C. Stovall, Jameson, Mo., Cashier Bank of Jameson. J. E. Moore, La Crosse, Wash., Cashier First Bank of La Crosse. C. R. Bartlett, Bruceton Mills, W. Va., Cashier Bruceton Bank. J. W. Wilson, Stramsburg, Neb., President Farmers' and Mer- chants' Bank. R. F. Warren, Gutherie, Ky., Cashier Farmers' & Merchants' Bank. Officers of Private Corporations. J. B. Crabtree, Springfield, Mass., First Vice-President King- Richardson Publishing Co. Jas. A. Panting, Piano, Ore., Vice-President Burnt River Gold Mining & Milling Co. Edw. T. Barden, Houston, Tex., Manager Barden Sheets Electrical Construction Co. A. W. Behrend, Albion, N. Y., Secretary Behrend Manufacturing Co. Thos. Fairbairn, Streator, 111., President Acme Coal Co. John P. Clark, Kingsburg, Cal., Secretary Centerville & Kings- burg Irrigation Ditch Co. Wm. J. Byrnes, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa., Assistant Secretary Jesse Jones Paper Box Co. Percy Hord, Crawfordsville, Ind., Manager Crawfordsville Water & Light Co. B. S. Dunning, Erie, Pa., Manager Dunning Marble & Granite Co. E. B. Ripley, Unionville, Conn., President Ripley Mnfg. Co. H. C. Allen, Trenton, N. J., Assistant Secretary N. J. Building, Loan & Investment Co. F. B. Seymour, Green Bay, Wis., Superintendent Green Bay & Western Railroad Co. Schuyler Duryee, Everett, Wash., General Manager Everett Land Co. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 135 Studied With Us. A. U. Thomas, Vernon, Tex., Manager Vernon Water Works, Electric Light & Ice Plants. J. E. Steinbeck, Paso Robles, Cal., Manager Banner Mills, Sperry Flour Co. Paul Roberts, Ironton, Ala., Secretary Clifton Iron Co. T. B. McCargo, Mount Airy, N. C, Trustee Sparger Bros., and Secretary-Treasurer Granite City Land & Improvement Co. Ervin A. Rice, Chicago, 111., President Ervin A. Rice Co. C. M. Sames, Rockford, 111., Superintendent Peter Sames. Elias I. Clifton, Ames, la.. Superintendent and Manager Water and Light Dept. City of Ames. E. G. Zellhoefer, Des Moines, la.. Treasurer Security Loan & Trust Co. Norman Belcher, Lincoln, Neb., Assistant Cashier Lincoln Trac- tion Co. F. B. Spalding, Denver, Colo., Assistant Secretary International Trust Co. J. C. Chaille, Otwell, Ind., Secretary Otwell Mill Co. Charles A. Grubb, Atlantic, la.. Manager Cass Co. Abstract & Title Ins. Co. J. E. Melick, Morristown, N. J., President Whippany River Rail- road. L. S. Owen, New York, N. Y., Secretary Crockery Board of Trade. E. J. Cochrane, New York, Superintendent 2d Dist. East Div. Postal Telegraph-Cable Co. W. R. Graham, Hatfield, W. Va., President Mingo Coal & Coke Co. W. E. Lawrence, North Yakima, Wash., Secretary the Moxee Co. A. L. Rasmusen, Postville, la.. Secretary Clermont Valley Cream- ery Co. Edson E. Marvin, Findlay, O., Secretary Findlay Water Works. W. H. Hague, Greensboro, N. C, Secretary and Treasurer The Hague-McCorkle Dry Goods Co. G. L. Erhard, Cheyenne, Wyo., President Slate Creek Mining & Milling Co. G. W. DeMuro, Inverness, Fla., Secretary Florida Orange, Canal & Transit Co. E. S. Becker, Forsyth, Mont., Secretary and Treasurer Alexander Mercantile Co. C. L. Dixon, Dobson, W. Va., Receiver Roaring Creek & Charles- ton R. R. Co. Geo. C. Baldwin, Barton, Vt., V. P. Percival Mnfg, Co. 136 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. Moreland B. Binford, Crawfordsville, Ind., Secretary and Treas- urer Crawfordsville Casket Co. Edgar A. Hall, Chicago, 111., Secretary Hanchett Paper Co. Chas. H. Mann, Jacksonville, Fla., Manager Southern Hide & Skin Co. Chas. B. Cooke, St. Louis, Mo., President J. A. Pozzoni Pharmacal Co. 0. B. Bannister, Muncie, Ind., Secretary Muncie Wheel Co. L. C. Fritch, Washington, Ind., President Washington Street Railway Co. Thos. M. Field, Kansas City, Mo., Secretary Belle Plaine Gold Mining Co. Chas. S. Morse, Jennings, La., Secretary Jennings Milling Co. Robt. W. Shaw, Galveston, Tex., Secretary Clark & Courts. E. J. Kahn, Peoria, 111., Assistant Secretary Peoria Steel & Iron Works. Dell M. Potter, Clifton, Ariz., General Manager Arizona Gold Mining & Milling Co. Fred H. Foster, Billings, Mont., Secretary Billings Telephone Co. H. B. Sullivan, San Francisco, Cal., Secretary Pacific Axle Co. Harry A. Soper, Naugatuck, Conn., Treasurer Naugatuck Lumber & Coal Co. Ernest R. Ackerman, New York, N. Y., President Lawrence Cement Co. James A. Panting, Piano, Ore., President Raven Gold Mining Co. J. D. Woodside, Gainesville, Ga., President Gainesville Cotton Oil Co. Prof. F. J. Baker, Colorado Springs, Colo., President The Hart- ford Mining Co. James L. Bull, Passaic, N. J., Asst. Treas. Passaic Print Works. Cassius M. Bailey, Clinton, S. C, Asst. Treas. Clinton Cotton Mills. Dexter M. Ferry, Jr., Detroit, Mich., Treasurer National Pin Co. W. J. Burke, New York City, N. Y., Treasurer American Vitrified Conduit Co. Geo. L. Barton, Suffolk, Va., General Manager Suffolk & Carolina Railway Co. William H. Hayden, Worcester, Mass., Secretary and Treasurer J. J. Warren Co. Arthur Mackey, Angels Camp, Cal., Manager Cal. Bonanza Mine. W. M. Evered, Duluth, Minn., President National Iron Co. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 137 Studied With Us. E. E. McFarland, Vacaville, Cal., Secretary Premier Oil Co. Geo. R. Morrell, Chicago, 111., Secretary and Treasurer Inde- pendent Baking Powder Co. Walter D. Reynolds, Philadelphia, Pa., President The Common- wealth Provident Association. C. M. Kella, Houston, Tex., Secretary Empire State Oil., Coal & Iron Co. H. R. Wallace, Las Vegas, N. M., General Manager Las Vegas & Hot Springs Electric Railway, Light and Power Company. Dr. F. H. King, Boulder, Colo., President Uts Oil & Refining Co. H. P. Gardner, Washington, D. C, Secretary and Treasurer Washington Branch Sanitarium. Marshall Black, Palo Alto, Cal., Secretary Palo Alto Mutual Building and Loan Association. Federal Officeholders. Jas. Henry Booth, Roseburg, Ore., Receiver U. S. Land OflJce. J. P. Bridges, Roseburg, Ore., Register U. S. Land Office. T. V. Powderly, Scranton, Pa., Commissioner of Immigration. A. L. Aylesworth, Muskogee, Okla., Secretary to the Commission to the Five Tribes. Geo. A. Smith, Salt Lake City, Utah, Receiver Public Moneys for Utah. H. F. Bennett, City of Mexico, Mex., Private Secretary to the Consul General of the United States. Frank M. Eddy, Glenwood, Minn., Member of House of Repre- sentatives, United States Congress. Wilbur T. Gracey, Fuchau, China, Vice-Consul and Marshal U. S. A. Wm. T. Hall, Bath, Me., Referee in Bankruptcy. Frederick H. Rand, Jr., Miami,, Fla., United States Commissioner. Fred Cubberly, Cedar Keys, Fla., Collector of Customs; United States District Attorney. POSTMASTEBS. W. F. Bloebaum, St. Charles, Mo. R. W. Putnam, Paso Robles, Cal. S. P. Cadle, Riverton, la. M. E. Miskall, East Liverpool, O. J. F. Callahan, Casselton, N. D. C. A. Arner, Wellington, O. Chas. B. Smith, Westville, N. J. 138 BLACESTONE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. L. W. Richter, Melrose Park, 111. B. F. Griffin, Escondldo, Cal. Frank E. Doremus, Portland, Mich. W. A. Kelley, Story City, la. R. E. Whitlock, Roodhouse, 111. Floyd Thompson, Hope, Ark. Joseph L. Page, Niles, N. D. J. I. Carter, Arlington, Tex. Eri Huggins, Fort Bragg, Cal. Louis O. Fullen, Carlsbad, New Mexico. C. S. Tremewan, Rowland, Nev. N. H. Brown, East Greenwich, R. I. S. C. Tidd, Santa Cruz, P. I. W. D. Cheek, Corregidor Island, P. I. W. L. Lemon, North Yakima, Washington. Fraternal Societies. W. W. Whitley, Chatham, 111., Past Sachem Improved Order of Red Men. Lillian M. Hollister, Detroit, Mich., Supreme Commander L. 0. T. M. of the World. Mrs. Belle Quinlan, Galesburg, 111., ex-Supreme Commander L. O. T. M. of Illinois. Olof Olson, Willmar, Minn., Grand Recorder A. O. U. W. Grand Lodge of Minnesota. C. W. Bollinger, Henryville, Ind., Camp Clerk, Camp No. 3761, Modern Woodmen of America. T. W. Reilly, Oshkosh, Wis., State Secretary Ancient Order of Hibernians. Jos. Berkovitz, Philadelphia, Pa., Secretary Austro-Hungarian Charity Society. R. E. Moore, Blacksburg, Va., C. O. Allegheny Lodge No. 85, K. of P. W. H. Ramsey, Handley, W. Va., State Councilor 0. U. A. M. C. F. Burgman, San Francisco, Cal., Great Chief of Records Im- proved Order of Red Men. John F. O'Brien, Middletown, Conn., Secretary Catholic Benevo- lent Legion. F. M. Rooney, Brooklyn, N. Y., R. V. Grand Chancellor College of Ancients, Supreme Council of America. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 139 Studied With Us. Theodore Davis, Rush Springs, Okla., Rush Springs Lodge No. 30, I. 0. 0. F. James W. Merritt, Columbus, Pa., Secretary Equitable Aid Union. T. M. Patterson, Meadville, Pa., Accountant McDowell Circle No. 232, P. H. C. L. H. Veilleux, Berlin, N. H., Secretary Catholic Order of For- esters, Berlin Court No. 345. W. E. Robinson, Springfield, 111., Supreme Recorder Supreme Court of Honor, P. L. B. W. T. De Line, Gettysburg, S. D., Financier Gettysburg Lodge, No. 35, A. O. U. W.; Clerk Gettysburg Camp, No. 3478, M. W. of A. J. J. Varner, Moran, Kans., V. C. Morantown Camp No. 930, M. W. of A. John Marshall Nye, Phenix, R. I., Grand Patron Grand Chapter O. E. S. of Rhode Island. Floyd A. Hudgins, Newport News, Va., Junior Past State Coun- cilor, Junior Order American Mechanics. W. R. Hensley, Louisville, Ky., Head Consul, Division H, Wood- men of the World. Albert Schurr, Newark, N. J., State Dep., Head Consul, Modern Woodmen of America. H. H. Harlow, Staunton, Va., Grand Patriarch Grand Encamp- ment of Virginia, I. O. O. F. Frederick M. Tansing, New York, N. Y., Master Charter Oak Lodge, No. 249, F. & A. M. Officers ix Political Organizations. Frank J. Higgins, Jersey City, N. J., President of the State Re- publican League and Treasurer of the National League of Republican Clubs. Elmer E. Grinstead, Ridgeway, Mo.. President Ridgeway Central Republican Club. Frank E. Wing, Athol, Mass., President Athol Republican Club. C. J. Ahlstedt, Newark, N. J., Second Vice-President McKinley Republican Club. Chas. A. Fitzpatrick, White River Junction, Vt., President Ver- mont Democratic Club. Chas. E. Avery, Missoula, Mont., President Republican League Club. 140 BLACESTOXE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. Labor Organizations. W. D. Mahon, Detroit, Mich., President Amalgamated Associa- tion of Street Railway Employes of America. C. H. Johnson, Detroit, Mich., Secretary-Treasurer Detroit Street Railway Employes' Association. M. C. Thornton, Muncie, Ind., Secretary Muncie Trades Council. P. J. McKeone, East Liverpool, 0., Secretary National Brother- hood of Operative Potters. E. H. Leitch, San Jose, Cal., Organizer of California National Association of Postoffice Clerks. Chas. P. Kelly, New York, N. Y., Secretary National Association of Letter Carriers. T. V. Powderly, Scranton, Pa., ex-Master Workman Knights of Labor. Jas. Reid, Chicago, 111.. ex-President Amalgamated Sheet Metal Workers' Union. Eugene L. Harrison, Brunswick, Md., Sec.-Treas. Brunswick Division Order of R. R. Telegraphers. W. J. Maddock, Canon City, Colo., President Branch No. 678 of National Association of Letter Carriers. Chas. A. Mast, St. Louis, Mo., First Vice-President National Alli- ance of Theatrical Stage Employes. Luema Green-Johnson, Tacoma, Wash., National Organizer Knights of Labor. Jas. D. Walthall, San Antonio, Tex., Secy. Retail Clerks' Inter- national Protective Association. Dan McDonald, Butte, Mont., President Western Labor Union. C. L. Bagley, Los Angeles, Cal., Secretary Musicians' Mutual Protective Association, Local No. 47. C. W. Smith, San Bernardino, Cal., Secretary-Treasurer Inter- national Association of Machinists, District Lodge No. 41. Wm. D. Haywood, Denver, Colo., Secretary Western Federation of Miners. Miscellaneous Societies. J. C. Dresser, Sorento, 111., Secretary Sorento Commercial Club. J. J. Hauer, St. Louis, Mo., Librarian Young Men's Self-Culture Club. L. L. Gilbert, Montgomery, Ala., Secretary Commercial and In- dustrial Association. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 141 Stxjdikd With Us. J. J. Miller, Spencervllle, O., Secretary Spencerville Home & Savings Association. Geo. H. Simpson, Columbus, Mont., Secretary Stillwater Wool- growers' Association. W. S. Huntsman, Toledo, O., President The Lincoln Club. L. O. Emmerich, Hazelton, Pa., President Associated Wheelmen of Hazelton and vicinity. Leon Hornstein, Chicago, 111., President Master Printers' Asso- ciation. Prentiss Maslin, Sacramento, Cal., Secretary Cal. Fruitgrowers' & Shippers' Association. W. R. Kennedy, Lexington, Va., President State Union Y. P. S. C. E. Sidney Van Dusen, Pittsburgh, Pa., Secretary and Treasurer American Association of Traveling Passenger Agents. C. A. Ransom, Albert Lea, Minn., Secretary Freeborn County Commercial Union. Fred L. West, Columbus, Ohio, W. H. Chapter Alpha Zeta. City Officials. Harry L. Creswell, Grand Rapids, Mich., ex-Clerk Superior Court. Jaret J. Chambers, Brooklyn, N. Y., Clerk City Hall District Police Court. Daniel A. Dugan, Orange, N. J., City Clerk. Eugene Whiting, Canton, 111., City Clerk. G. H. Backman, Salt Lake City, Utah, ex-City Recorder. Patrick J. Duane, Waltham, Mass., ex-Alderman. W. B. Clarkson, Jacksonville, Fla., Member of Board of Public Works. Victor A. Deeker, Hawley, Pa., Secretary Borough of Hawley. J. H. Edwards, Decatur, Ala., City Clerk. John N. Westberg, Omaha, Neb., City Controller. George A. Baker, West Dennis, Mass., Member Board of Select- men. Hall L. Brooks, Parrish, Wis., Chairman Town of Parrish. Jas. Devine, Salt Lake City, Utah, Chief Engineer Fire Depart- ment. Geo. L. Lusk, West Bay City, Mich., City Recorder. Chas. D. Dow, Brockton, Mass., City Assessor. Wm. J. Britton, Wolfboro, N. H., Town Clerk. F. E. Smith, Marysville, Cal., City Clerk and Assessor. 142 BLACK8T0NE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. Wm. Augustus Lee, Beverly, Mass., Clerk Common Council. Nelson J. Ayling, Norwich, Conn., Clerk City Court. W. B. LaBar, Mankato, Kans., City Clerk. C. H. E. Boardman, Marshalltown, la.. City Attorney. T. L. Foote, Nephi, Utah, City Attorney. E. W. Howell, Yreka, Cal., City Recorder. John DeP. Douw, Annapolis, Md., Alderman. J. E. Tolman, Gloucester, Mass., President Common Council. John Stewart Crawford, Port Huron, Mich., Secretary Board of Water Commissioners. Horace H. Smith, Salt Lake City, Utah, City Clerk. J. M. HufRngton, Longview, Tex., City Attorney. W. W. Wyckoff, York, Neb., City Attorney. Richard Garvey, St. Joseph, Mo., Alderman. Fred O. Thompson, Pontiac, Mich., City Clerk. Frank C. Norton, Burlington, la., City Auditor. W. D. Kinsey, Bisbee, Ariz., City Clerk. Jay B. Green, Hawkeye, la., Town Recorder. Wm. Adgate Lord, Orange, N. J., City Counselor. Frank A. Berry, Wayne, Neb., Attorney. John A. Sneddon, Logan, Utah, City Attorney. A. C. Lockwood, Douglas, Ariz., City Attorney. Wm. F. Morris, Pocahontas, Va., City Attorney. A. V. Rieke, Fairfax, Minn., City Attorney. Mayors. S. C. Huber, Tama, la. B. L. Eddy, Tillamook, Ore. Wilson M. Foulk, Piedmont, W. Va. W. S. Spratt, Richlands, Va. Chas. T. MaGuire, Alabama City, Ala. Dr. O. W. Huff, Mercur, Utah. Page P. Sylvan, Upper Sandusky, Ohio. E. T. Munea, Whitehouse, Ohio. Frank P. Newman, Rutherford, N. J. S. R. Dobbs, Ackerman, Miss. E. J. Hudnall, Pratt City, Ala. O. U. Walker, Alliance, Ohio. L. J. Davis, Union, Ore. Julian P. Kitchin, Biltmore, N. C. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 143 Studied With Us. Judges. Chas. W. Carter, Norwich, Conn., Judge of Probate. Otto J. Trilling, Sheboygan, Wis., Judge Municipal Court. J. L. DeMars, Columbia, Tex., County Judge. Harry Keene, St. Joseph, Mo., County Judge. M. 0. Aubolee, Ely, Minn., Judge of Municipal Court. A. F. Stearns, Roseburg, Ore., County Judge. P. W. Sweeney, Walsenburg, Colo., County Judge. E. M. Zevely, Linn., Mo., Judge of Probate. C. H. Chapman, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., Judge of Probate. J. P. Angle, Kansas City, Kans., Probate Judge. Edw. Isaacs, Minnewaukan, N. D., County Judge. J. A. Dewry, Griffin, Ga., Probate Judge. Henry Blickhahn, Walsenburg, Colo., County Judge. Samuel H. Davis, Plankinton, S. Dak., County Judge. M. I. Church, Caldwell, Idaho, Judge of Probate. C. E. Gustavus, Madisonville, Tex., County Judge. Chas. C. Hagerty, Bristol, Mass., Special Justice, District Court. W. T. Robinson, Salmon, Ida., Probate Judge. Frank M. Calkins, Ashland, Ore., Circuit Judge. Charles T. Wortham, Napoleonville, La., District Judge. Tom D. McKeown, Ada, Okla., Judge District Court; ex-chairman State Board of Bar Examiners. Cou>'TY Officials. J. H. Hanna, Vevay, Ind., County Recorder. Ed. Wright, Lewiston, Mont., Clerk District Court. Lewis E. Magee, Westville, Miss., Clerk Circuit Court. John G. McCord, Williamsport, Ind., Clerk Circuit Court. J. D. Reese, Hayneville, Ala., County Treasurer. W. B. Vail, Darlington, Wis., Clerk Circuit Court. Harry L. Howard, Walpole, Miss., Clerk District Court. A. W. Jansen, Ephraim, Utah, Clerk District Court. Ira Fields, Whitesburg, Ky., County Attorney. T. J. Torpie, Nevada City, Nev., Public Administrator. M. H. Woodward, Louisville, Miss., County Treasurer. W. H. Book, Roseau, Minn., County Surveyor. J. C. King, Greenville, Ala., Clerk Circuit Court. Walter E. Woodin, Auburn, N. Y., Clerk Surrogate Court. Geo. Morrison, Clarksville, Texas, District Clerk. P. E. Leonard, Shell Lake, Wis., County Clerk. 144 BLACK8T0NE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. A. S. Geddes, Salt Lake City, Utah, Chairman County Court. W. B. Boyd, La Plata, Texas, County Clerk. Geo. H. Dodson, Guthrie, Okla., Register of Deeds. W. H. Favinger, Green Center, Ind., Trustee Green Township. Loyal J. Miller, Osborn, Kans., Stenographer Fifteenth Judicial District. L. F. Ledgerwood, Colville, Wash., Clerk Superior Court. C. G. Mayson, Columbia, Miss., Clerk Circuit Court. R. R. Starr, Cambridge, Minn., Clerk of Court. J. A. Pierce, Mountain City, Tenn., County Clerk. E. Frank Sayre, Fort Benton, Mont., County Clerk. S. B. Dobbs, Chester, Miss., Clerk Circuit Court. R. B. McDermot, Coshocton, Ohio, Clerk of Courts. W. T. Mullarky, Red Lake Falls, Minn., County Auditor. J. E. Thackrey, Valentine, Neb., County Treasurer. Clyde J. Pryor, Glencoe, Minn., Clerk District Court. Wilbur F. Beach, Sand Beach, Mich., Official Stenographer Cir- cuit Court. William Held, Jr., Ukiah, Cal., Official Stenographer Superior Court. John F. Kelton, Oneonta, Ala., Register in Chancery. J. R. Thorne, Olathe, Kans., Clerk District Court. I. G. Zumwalt, Colusa, Cal., District Attorney. E. H. Hoar, Merced, Cal., District Attorney. Ben W. Ware, Hudson, Mich., Township Clerk. Elmer Grimmer, Marinette, Wis., County Clerk. E. F. Dithmar, Baraboo, Wis., Clerk Circuit Court. J. E. Ganger, La Junta, Colo., County Clerk and Recorder. Josiah Shull, Phillipsburg, Mont., Clerk District Court. Fred L. Warner, Redwood Falls, Minn., Clerk District Court. Chas. C. Brant, Nebraska City, Neb., Register of Deeds. Fred H. Orr, Caro, Mich., County Clerk. W. T. Davis, Pineville, Ky., Clerk County Court. E. T. Mason, Meadville, Pa., Prothonotary. Guy F. Ellett, Christianburg, Va., Clerk County Court. Geo. A. Deakyne, Denton, Md., County Treasurer. Ben. R. Gray, Hailey, Idaho, Sheriff. W. H. H. Dickinson, Missoula, Mont., County Clerk. Frank Johnson, Atwood, Kans., County Clerk. Wm. Holder, Moro, Ore., Sheriff. E. B. Hill, Menominee, Wis., County Treasurer. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 145 Studied With Us. F. D. Ford, Ellsworth, Wis., County Clerk. L. E. Magee, Westville, Miss., Clerk Circuit Court. C. A. Rudel, Peoria, 111., County Clerk. J. W. Cobb, Charlotte, N. C, Register of Deeds. James A. Gibson, St. Joseph, Mo., Public Administrator. I. W. Keerl, Mason City, la., Clerk District Court. W. W. Kimball, Oshkosh, Wis., Clerk of Courts. Frank J. Higgins, Jersey City, N. J., Clerk Criminal Courts. Wm. A. Lord, Orange, N. J., Clerk District Court. F. E. Gordon, Nevada, Mo., Public Administrator. Robert H. Shields, Houghton, Mich., County Clerk. Wm. F. Johnston, Roscommon, Mich., County Clerk. R. H. McKaig, Salt Lake City, Utah, County Recorder. H. H. Stewart, West Superior, Wis., County Treasurer. M. D. Long, O'Neill, Neb., ex-County Clerk. C. C. Ausherman, Frederick, Md., County Commissioner. F. W. Mettler, Fort Benton, Mont., Official Stenographer. H. P. McPherson, Kansas City, Kans., ex-Clerk Probate Court. A. D. Mclntyre, Wetmore, Mich., County Treasurer. John Olson, Two Harbors, Minn., County Auditor. Ole T. Rikansrud, Clarion, la., County Recorder. Walter D. H. Hill, Ossipee, N. H., Register Probate Court. W. S. Metcalf, Flandreau, S. D„ Clerk of Courts. A. T. McAusland, Miles City, Mont., Clerk District Court. Fred Ffaender, New Ulm, Minn., Register of Deeds. O. E. Winton, Richland Center, Wis., Clerk Circuit Court. W. C. McFadden, Fargo, N. D., County Treasurer. H. W. Brewer, Lakeport, Cal., County Clerk. S. G. Smith, Albany, Ky., Clerk Circuit Court. E. D. Brown, Grafton, N. D., Clerk District Court. H. H. Chappell, Independence, la., Clerk District Court. Fred W. Schlechter, Fessenden, N. D., County Auditor. Wm. A. Ross, Marquette, Mich., County Clerk. John R. Arnold, Evanston, Wyo., County Treasurer. W. D. Livingston, Manti, Utah, County Recorder. O. G. Dale, Madison, Minn., County Auditor. W. J. Jameson, Butte, Mont., Public Administrator. Daniel Reid, Hurley, WMs., Clerk Circuit Court. J. W. Sammon, Evanston, Wyo., County Clerk. Adrain S. Brown, Pasco, Wash., County Clerk. H. W. Breuer, Lakeport, Cal., County Clerk. 10 146 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. James Newell, Kimball, Neb., County Commissioner. C. O. Orrick, Oakville, Tex., District Clerk. B. A. Cady, Birnamwood, Wis., District Attorney. Lilburn Phelps, Jamestown, Ky., County Attorney. G. S. Green, Hawthorne, Nev., District Attorney. Jas. G. Kress, Ithaca, Mich., County Clerk. John A. Tyson, Macon, Miss., Clerk Chancery Court. Geo. P. Swanson, Tuscumbia, Mo., County Treasurer. W. H. C. McKesson, Texline, Tex., County Attorney. J. E. Florin, Menominee, Wis., District Attorney. Chas. M. Myers, Coldwater, Kans., County Attorney. C. F. Sanders, Franklin, Ky., Clerk Circuit Court. Ole N. Olson, Menominee, Wis., Clerk Circuit Court. Alma B. Hill, Menominee, Wis., County Treasurer. Harry L. Howard, Walpole, Mass., Clerk District Court. L. J. Spencer, Warsaw, Ky., County Clerk. H. A. Chamberlain, Standish, Mich., Register of Deeds. E. W. Pfeiffer, Cripple Creek, Colo., Chairman Board of County Commissioners, and Superintendent of Poor. James H. Sinclair, Cooperstown, N. D., Register of Deeds. George B. Jones, Lebanon, Ind., County Surveyor. G. F. Wyvell, Glenwood, Minn., Official Stenographer District Court. John A. Mark, Tawas, Mich., County Clerk. J. A. Currie, Jr., Bondera, Tex., County Clerk. Allen M. Seitz, York, Pa., Prothonotary. Ernest A. Curtis, Fowler, Ind., Prosecuting Attorney. Geo. T. Ingham, Towanda, Pa., Recorder of Deeds. Glenn J. Lawless, Ionia, Mich., County Clerk. Arthur L. Putnam, Newcastle, Wyo., County Clerk. W. S. Wilson, Hardin, 111., Circuit Court. C. R. Graves, Osage, la.. County Clerk. Elmer R. McPhee, Newberry, Mich., County Clerk. Arthur Bradt, Pagosa Springs, Colo., Sheriff. L. L. Raymond, Scottsbluff, Neb., County Attorney. John B. Doolin, Alva, Okla., Register of Deeds. C. R. Watson, Rawlins, Wyo., Clerk District Court. K. H. Rice, Neligh, Neb., Clerk District Court. E. A. Weimer, Oakland, Md., County Treasurer. W. Harry Gooding, Gaffney, S. C, County Treasurer. C. A. Oppenborn, Alpena, Mich., County Treasurer. THE LAW TRAINED MAN 147 Studied With Us. J. M. Horger, Newton, Tex., County Clerk. H. C. Duff, Phillipsburg, Kan., Clerk District Court. D. S. Dickinson, Ely, Nev., County Clerk District Court. R. M. McCracken, Blackfoot, Ida., County Attorney. W. H. Haw, Eureka, Cal., County Clerk. Otto T. Williams, Elko, Nev., District Attorney. Alfred R. Peaks, Foxcroft, Me., Register of Probate. A, A. Kirby, Pomeroy, Wash., Clerk of Courts. J. N. Gayner, Litchfield, Minn., County Auditor. Jere C. Dennis, Dadeville, Ala., County Treasurer. George Peterson, Pembina, N. D., Clerk of Courts. Charles D. Smith, Parsons, W. Va., Prosecuting Attorney. Charles E. Foxley, Brigham, Utah, County Attorney. Harris E. Galpin, Muskegon, Mich., Prosecuting Attorney. Philip L. Rice, Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii, Clerk Circuit Court. State Officials. Wm. M. O. Dawson, Charleston, W. Va., Governor of West Vir- ginia. Herbert S. Clough, Manchester, N. H., Member New Hampshire Legislature. Robt. G. Steel, Lansing, Mich., Dept. State Treasurer. D. B. Garrison, Olympia, Wash., Dept. State Auditor. G. R. Hebard, Laramie, Wyo., Librarian State University. J. N. Janeway, Colfax, Wash., Dept. State Treasurer. Geo. D. Evans, Olympia, Wash., Dept. State Auditor. A. O. Nichols, Guthrie, Okla., Assistant Supt. of Public Instruc- tion. Robt. C. Morris, Cheyenne, Wyo., Clerk Supreme Court. E. A. Curtis, Grant Park, 111., Treasurer Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane. J. C. Otts, Spartanburg, S. C, Member South Carolina Legislature. J. H. Merfill, Carbondale, Colo., Member Colorado Legislature. Henry G. Rickerts, Helena, Mont., Clerk Supreme Court. W. E. Stone, Lincoln, 111., Supervisor Illinois Asylum for Feeble Minded. Edward K. Graham, Chapel Hill, N. C, Librarian State Uni- versity. R. C. Barrett, Des Moines, Iowa, Supt. Public Instruction. C. G. AUyn, Turnerville, Conn., Member State Legislature. 148 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Studied With Us. John H. Lewis, Winans, S. D., Member State Legislature. Wm. L. Nelson, Bunceton, Mo., Member State Legislature. R. Hudson Burr, Tallahassee, Fla., Member of State R. R. Com- mission. J. B. Thoburn, Guthrie, Okla., Secretary State Board of Agri- culture. S. E. Smalley, Cuba City, Wis., Member of State Legislature. E. Howard Gilkey, Columbus, Ohio, Marshal and Librarian Su- preme Court of Ohio. Wm. Adgate Lord, Orange, N. J., Member State Legislature, 1903. Lawrence De Graff, Des Moines, la.. Assistant Attorney General. George F. Wombacher, Mascoutah, 111., Member Legislature. A. V. Ricke, Fairfax, Minn., State Senator. J. A. Williams, Gainesville, Fla., State Senator. CHAPTER X ORGANIZATION BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE Including The Sprague Correspondence School of Law. STAFF (The members of the Staff conduct the Modern American Law Course and Service.) William C. Wekmuth, M.S., LL.B. Secretary, Blackstone Institute; graduate of Northwestern University Schools of Liberal Arts and Law; for several years an attorney for the Legal Aid Society, thereafter practicing at the Chicago Bar; member of the Chicago Bar Association; ad- mited to bar of United States Supreme Court; former lecturer, Law of Illinois Contracts, Northwestern University Law School; contributor to legal and medical periodicals; author of "Law of Contracts" in Modern American Law; associate editor of Modern American Law. Arthur L. Sanborn, LL.B. Judge, United States District Court, Western District of Wis- consin; graduate of University of Wisconsin; former Register of Deeds, Walworth County, Wisconsin; former member of the fac- ulty, University of Wisconsin Law School; former member of Board of Law Examiners, Wisconsin; editor. Supplement to Wis- consin Statutes, 1883, Wisconsin Statutes, 1898, and Wisconsin Supplement, 1906; author of the treatise on "Courts— Federal and State" in Modern American Law. Eugene Allen Gilmore, A.B., LL.B. Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin; graduate of Har- vard University; author of "The Law of Partnership"; editor [149] 150 BLACESTONE INSTITUTE of "Cases on Partnership"; contributor to legal periodicals; author of "Law on Partnerships" in Modern American Law, and Editor-in-Chief of Modern American Law. Russell Whitman, A.B., LL.B. Member of the Chicago Bar; graduate of Harvard Univer- sity; member of Illinois and Massachusetts Bar; former member of the State Board of Law Examiners, Illinois. Griffith Ogden Ellis, LL.B. Educated at Urbana University, Urbana, Ohio, and the Uni- versity of Michigan, graduating from the Law Department of the latter; was President and Principal of The Sprague Cor- respondence School of Law, editor-in-chief of "The American Legal News" and of "The Law Student's Helper," and author of lectures and books for law students. Leo Geeendlinger, M.C.S., C.P.A. Educated in Royal Commercial College of Austria and in New York University School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance; practicing accountant; formerly a member of the Accounting Faculty of New York University; formerly editor of the C. P. A. Question Department of The Journal of Accountancy; Treasurer of the Alexander Hamilton Institute; author of "Accountancy Problems," "Graded Accounting Problems," and co-author of "Accounting Practice" in the Modern Business Series. Oliver A. Haeker, A.M., LL.D. Dean and Professor of Law, College of Law, University of Illi- nois; graduate of McKendree College; received degree of LL.D. from Knox College; counsel for University of Illinois; former Judge, Appellate Court of Illinois; author of "Law of Attach- ments and Garnishments" in Modern American Law. William N. Gemmill, Ph.B., LL.B., LL.D. Judge, Municipal Court, Chicago; graduate of Cornell Univer- sity and of Northwestern University; former President, Illinois Branch, American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology; THE LAW TRAINED MAN 151 contributor to numerous legal periodicals, including Illinois Law Review, North American Law Review, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology; author of "Practice in Civil Actions" in Mod- ern American Law. William Hoynes, LL.D., K.S.C. Dean, College of Law, Notre Dame University; graduate of the University of Michigan and University of Notre Dame; for- mer newspaper editor; contributor to legal and lay magazines. Geoege G, Bogert, A.B., LL.B. Assistant Professor of Law, Cornell University; graduate of Cornell University; member of the New York Bar; author of "Sale of Goods in New York," and of "Law of Trusts" in Modern American Law. Heebeet F. DeBowee, LL.B. Educated in the University of Wisconsin; practiced law for two years; engaged in selling specialties for a number of years; since 1911 Vice-President of the Alexander Hamilton Institute; also director of various business corporations; author of "The Art of Salesmanship," and co-author of the treatise on "Sales- manship" in the Modern Business Series; President of the Black- stone Institute. William G. Hale, B.S., LL.B. Secretary and Professor of Law, University of Illinois; gradU' ate of Pacific University and of Harvard University; Treasurer, Illinois Branch, American Institute of Criminal Law and Crimin- ology; former practicing member of the Oregon Bar; author of "Negotiable Instruments" in Modern American Law. John G. Campbell, A.B., LL.B. Member of the Chicago Bar; graduate of University of To- ronto and of Lake Forest University; member of Committee on Grievances, Chicago Bar Association. Feancis L. Haewood, A.B., LL.B. Member of the Chicago Bar; graduate of Northwestern Uni- versity Schools of Liberal Arts and Law; Editor of "Forms" in Modern American Law. 152 blackstone institute Arthur M. Harris. Member of Seattle Bar; educated in England; special student Law School, University of Washington, Seattle; author of "Let- ters to a Young Lawyer," "Justice's Guide to the State of Wash- ington," and of many law stories. Edgar A. Jonas, Lit.B., LL.B. Member of the Chicago Bar; graduate of Chicago Seminar of Sciences and of Chicago Law School; member of the Chicago Bar Association; author of various legal articles. SPECIAL LECTURERS (The Special Lecturers prepare written lectures for the Modern American Law Course and Service on topics of current business and legal interest.) Hon. Paul S. Reinsch, A.B., Ph.D., LL.B. United States Minister to China; former Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin; author of "International Law" in Mod- ern American Law. Hon. William C. Fitts. Born Tuscaloosa, Alabama, January 30, 1869; educated at Southwestern Presbyterian University, Clarksville, Tennessee, and at University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, and studied law at University of Alabama; elected Attorney General of Ala- bama in 1894 — re-elected in 1896; Delegate to Constitutional Con- vention, 1901; appointed in 1914 special assistant to Attorney General of United States in charge of enforcement of Anti-Trust Laws. Bruce Wyman, A.M., LL.B. Formerly Professor of Law, Harvard University; graduate of Harvard University; now in consulting practice as member of the Massachusetts Bar; sometime lecturer. Law School, Univer- sity of Chicago; counsel in the investigation by the Department of Public Utilities of the National Civic Federation; once special attorney for the Directors of the Port of Boston; later, consult- THE LAW TRAINED MAN 153 ing counsel in commerce litigation for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad System; author of "Railroad Rate Regu- lation," "Public Service Corporations," "Administrative Law," "Control of the Market," editor of "Cases on Public Service Com- panies," "Cases on Mortgages"; author of "Law of Public Service Companies — Especially Carriers," in Modern American Law. Edgar Addison Bancroft, A.M., LL.B. General Counsel International Harvester Co. since 1907; born at Galesburg, Illinois, November 20, 1857; graduate of Knox Col- lege, and Columbia University; solicitor for Illinois of the A. T. & S. F. R. R. Co., 1892-5; vice-president and general solicitor of the Chicago & Western Indiana R. R. and the Belt Ry. Co., 1895-1904; Republican presidential elector, 1888; President of the Illinois Bar Association in 1910; ex-President Chicago Bar Asso- ciation; author of "The Chicago Strike of 1894, 1895," and "The Moral Sentiment of the People, the Foundation of National Great- ness, 1896"; member of firm of Scott, Bancroft & Stephens. Henry H. Ingersoll, M.A., LL.D.* Former Dean, College of Law, University of Tennessee; gradu- ate of Yale College and of Washington College; former Super- intendent, Public Schools, Canton, Ohio; former Judge, Supreme Court of Tennessee; ex-President, Tennessee Bar Association; editor, "Barton's Suits in Equity"; author of "Law of Municipal Corporations" in Cyc, "Public Corporations" (Hornbook); and author of "Law of Municipal Corporations" in Modern American Law. Hon. John Lawson Burnett, M.C. Congressman; born at Cedar Bluff, Alabama, January 20, 1854; studied law at Vanderbilt University; admitted to bar in 1876; now in practice at Gadsden, Alabama; member Alabama House of Representatives, 1884; Senate, 1886; member 56th to 63rd Con- gress (1899-1915); re-elected to 64th Congress (1915-1917), 7th Alabama District; Chairman Committee on Immigration and Nat- uralization; Member U. S. Immigration Commission, 1901—. William Carey Jones, M.A. Director and Professor, School of Jurisprudence, University of California; graduate of University of California; one-time Asso- *Deceased, April, 1915. 154 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE ciate Professor of History and Instructor in Latin, University of California; author of various treatises, including "History of University of California" and of "Introduction," Parts I, VII, and VIII, of ''Law of Torts" in Modern American Law. Philip Nichols, A.B., LL.B. Of the Boston Bar; member of the firm of Hudson & Nichols; graduate of Harvard University; one time Assistant Corporation Counsel of Boston; author of "Land Damages in Massachusetts," "Power of Eminent Domain," "Taxation in Massachusetts," and of the treatises "Taxation" and "Eminent Domain" in Modern American Law. Lawrence Chamberlain, B.A., M.A. Banker; also Staff Lecturer on Finance at New York Univer- sity; occasional lecturer on Finance, Dartmouth University of Pennsylvania; born October 10, 1878; graduate of Yale Univer- sity; author of "The Principles of Bond Investment," also of "The Work of the Bond House," and contributor to numerous financial magazines and other periodicals. James L. Hopkins, LL.B. Member of the St. Louis Bar; graduate of Washington Uni- versity; former special patent counsel, city and county of San Francisco; author of "Unfair Trade," "Patents," "Trademarks"; editor of "Judicial Code," "Equity Rules"; author of "Banks, Banking and Trust Companies" and "Law of Unfair Competition and Good Will" in Modern American Law. Arthur W. Blakemore, A.B., LL.B. Of the Boston Bar; graduate of Harvard University; author of "Inheritance Taxes," "Grade Crossings in Massachusetts"; editor of "Wood on Evidence," "Loveland on Bankruptcy," "Gould and Blakemore on Bankruptcy," "Massachusetts Court Rules Annotated," "Ballard on Real Property" (Volumes XI and XII); author of "Law of Real Property" in Modern American Law. William L. Burdick, Ph.D., LL.B. Professor of Law, University of Kansas; graduate of Wesleyan University and of Yale University; editor of case-book on "Sales," and case-book on "Real Property"; author of "Elements of Sales," THE LAW TRAINED MAN 155 "New Trials and Appeals," and "Real Property"; contributor to Cyc. and Standard Encyclopedia of Procedure; author of "Law of Criminal Procedure" and "Landlord and Tenant" in Modern American Law. William L. Symons, LL.M., M.P.L. Examiner, United States Patent Office; Lecturer on Unfair Competition, Trademarks and Copyrights, Washington College of Law; former member Board of Pension Appeals under the Sec- retary of the Interior; member of the bar of the District of Columbia; author of "Law of Patents for Designs," "Copyright of Prints and Labels"; contributor to legal and scientific periodicals and author of "Copyrights" and "Trademarks" in Modern Ameri- can Law. George F. Tucker, A.B., Ph.D., LL.B. Member of the Boston Bar; graduate of Brown and of Boston University Law School; former member of the Massachusetts Legislature; former reporter of Supreme Court of Massachusetts; author, "Testamentary Forms and Notes," "Manual of Massa- chusetts Corporations"; joint author with Dr. Wilson of Harvard University of "International Law"; author of "Law of Naturaliza- tion" in Modern American Law. Harvey N. Shepard, A.B. Member of the Boston Bar; graduate of Harvard University; lecturer, School of Law, Boston University; one time first As- sistant Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; has been President of Boston Citj'^ Council, and is now a member of the Civil Service Commission of the Commonwealth; author of "Extraordinary Remedies" in Modern American Law. George F. Wells, LL.B., LL.D. Dean, College of Law, University of North Dakota; former Acting Dean, College of Law, West Virginia University; gradu- ate of the University of Michigan; formerly of the Law Depart- ment of St. John's University, Toledo; author of "Medical Juris- prudence" and "Torts — Miscellaneous," in Modern American Law. T. J. Moll, Ph.B., LL.B. Judge, Superior Court, Indiana; Dean, Benjamin Harrison Law School; graduate of DePauw University and of Cornell 156 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE University; former Dean of Indianapolis College of Law; author of "Independent Contractors"; editor of Volume Two, "Business of Insurance"; compiler of "Contract Forms" in "Elliott on Con- tracts"; author of "Law of Fellow-Servant and Compensation" and "Law of Receivers" in Modern American Law. Edwin Maxey, D.C.L., LL.D. Professor of Law, University of Nebraska; author of "Inter- national Law," "Conflict of Laws;" and author of "Public Officers and Elections" in Modern American Law. EDITOES AND AUTHORS OF MODERN AMERICAN LAW (The editors and a number of the authors of Modern American Law are also members of the Staff. Some of the authors are also Special Lec- turers.) EuGEXE Allen Gilmoke, A.B., LL.B. (See Staff.) William C. Wermuth, M.S., LL.B. (See Staff.) John B. Winslow, A.B., LL.D. Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Wisconsin; former President American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology; author of "History of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin"; editor "Legal Forms," and author of "The Modern Democracy, The Citizen and The Law," in Modern American Law. Orein N. Carter, LL.D. Justice, Supreme Court of Illinois; Lecturer on "Extraordi- nary Legal Remedies," John Marshall Law School; Professor of Law and Lecturer on the "Powers and Duties of the Government Relating to Questions of Election and Taxation," Chicago Kent College of Law; former President American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, and author of "Legal Ethics" in Modern ATierican Law. the law trained man 157 Arthur L. Sanborn^ LL.B. (See Staff.) Emlin McClain, A.m., LL.B., LL.D.** Dean, Law School, University of Iowa; former Professor of Law, Leland Stanford University Law School; formerly Chan- cellor University of Iowa Law School, and Judge Iowa Supreme Court; author, "Treatise on Criminal Law"; "Constitutional Law of the United States"; editor, "Annotated Statutes of Iowa," "Cases on Carriers," "Cases on Constitutional Law," and author of "Constitutional Guaranties of Fundamental Rights" in Modern American Law. George C. Holt, A.B., LL.B., LL.D. Former United States District Judge, Southern District of New York; lecturer on the Law of Shipping and Admiralty, Col- lege of Law, Cornell University, and author of "Patents" and "Admiralty Law and Practice" in Modern American Law. William N. Gemmill, Ph.B., LL.B., LL.D. (See Staff.) Philip Nichols, A.B.,LL.B. (See Special Lecturers.) L Maurice "Wormser, A.B., LL.B. Consulting Counsel, New York Bar; Professor of Law, Ford- ham University, New York City; Member of Carnegie Foundation Law Investigation; graduate of Columbia University; former Professor of Law, University of Illinois; former editor "Columbia Law Review"; author of Canfield and Wormser's "Cases on Pri- vate Corporations"; contributor to legal periodicals, including Columbia Law Review, Illinois Law Review, and Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, and author of the treatise "Law of Private Corporations" in Modern American Law. John R. Rood, LL.B. Professor of Law, University of Michigan; editor, "Cases on Property," "Cases on Wills," "Cases on Crimes," and author of "Interpretation of Statutes" and "Judgments and Executions" in Modern American Law. ♦♦Deceased. 158 BLACK8T0NE INSTITUTE Charles A. Huston, A.B., S.J.D., LL.B. Professor of Law, Leland Stanford Junior University, Cali- fornia; graduate of the University of Chicago; contributor to Legal Periodicals, including "Business Corporation Laws of the United States" in "Commercial Laws of the World," and author of "Law — Its Origin, Nature and Development," in Modern Ameri- can Law. John Wurts, M.A., LL.B., M.L. Professor of Law, Yale Law School; author "Minor and Wurts on Real Property"; editor, "Washburn on Real Property" (sixth edition); "Florida Index — Digest," and "Habeas Corpus" in Modern American Law. William P. Rogers, A.B., LL.B., LL.D. Dean of Cincinnati Law School; received degrees A.B. and LL.B. at Indiana University, and degree LL.D. at Cincinnati University and Miami University; former Professor and Dean of Law Department, Indiana University, and Professor of Law, Chicago University (summer quarter); contributor to legal peri- odicals, including "Guaranty" in Cyc. ; "Recovery of Money Paid Under Mistake of Law" in Michigan Law Review; "Notice of Acceptance in Contracts of Guaranty" in Columbia Law Review; "Demand of Principal Before Action Against Guarantor" in Co- lumbia Law Review; "Void, Illegal or Unenforceable Considera- tion" in Yale Law Journal; "Pooling Agreements Among Stock- holders" in Yale Law Journal; "A Plea for Higher Standards in Legal Education" in Law Student Helper; and "Superstition in Ancient Trials" in Ohio Law Reports. Author of the treatise on "Damages" in Modern American Law. Bruce Wyman, A.M., LL.B. (See Special Lecturers.) Paul S. Reinsch, A.B., LL.B., Ph.D. (See Special Lectures). George L. Clark, A, B., LL.B., S.J.D. Professor of Law, University of Missouri; graduate of Har- vard University; former Instructor in Law, Leland Stanford Uni- versity; Professor of Law, University of Illinois, and Professor of Law, University of Michigan; contributor to legal periodicals, in- THE LAW TRAINED MAN 159 eluding "Harvard Law Review" and "Michigan Law Review"; author of "Conflict of Laws" in Modern American Law. William L. Buedick, Ph.D., LL.B. (See Special Lecturers.) William E. Mikell, B.S. Dean, University of Pennsylvania Law School; formerly Pro- fessor of Law, University of Pennsylvania; graduate South Caro- lina Military College; editor "Cases on Criminal Law"; "Cases on Criminal Procedure"; contributor to Legal Periodicals, in- cluding "False Pretense" in Cyclopedia of Law and Procedure, "Life of Chief Justice Taney" in "Great American Lawyers;" "Limitations of the Treaty-Making Power of the Federal Govern- ment" in University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and "Legal History of Suicide" in University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and author of "Criminal Law" in Modern American Law. William E. Higgins, B.S., LL.B. Professor of Law, University of Kansas, and author of "Equity Pleading and Practice" in Modern American Law. Henry W. Ballantine, A.B., LL.B. Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin; graduate of Har- vard College and Harvard Law School; formerly Dean of the Law Department, University of Montana; formerly Assistant Professor, Hastings College of Law, San Francisco, and Lecturer, Law University of California; contributor to legal periodicals, including "Adapting the Case Book to the Needs of Professional Training" in American Law School Review; "Martial Law" in Columbia Law Review, "Labor Legislation and the Judicial Veto" in Case and Comment, "Doctrine of Consideration" in Michigan Law Review; "Mutuality and Consideration," Harvard Law Re- view; "Unconstitutional Claims of Military Authority," Yale Law Journal, and "Law of Contracts" in "Commercial Law of the World." Editor, "Blackstone's Commentaries" in Modern Ameri- can Law and author of treatise on "Personal Property and Bail- ments" in Modern American Law. Fredeeick W. Sciienk. Librarian of the Law School Library, University of Chicago; First Vice-President, American Association of Law Libraries; 160 BLACKSTONE INSTITUTE former Assistant Librarian, Boston Y. M. C. A., and cataloguer, Harvard Law Library; Managing Editor of Index to Legal Peri- odicals and Law Library Journal; Indexer of the volume and Cumulative indexes in Modern American Law. Dudley A. McGovney, A.B,. A.M., LL.B. Acting Dean and Professor of Law, Tulane University; re- ceived degree A.B. at Indiana University, degree A.M. at Harvard University, and degree LL.B. at Columbia University; former In- structor in Government Normal School, Manila, P. I., and former Instructor in Law, University of Illinois; author of "Civil Gov- ernment in the Philippines"; contributor to legal periodicals, in- cluding Columbia Law Review, American Historical Review, and American Journal of International Law, and author of "Inter- state Commerce" in Modern American Law. George F. Wells, LL.B., LL.D. (See Special Lecturers.) William Carey Joxes, M.A. (See Special Lecturers.) John H. Perry, M.A., LL.B. Lecturer on Parliamentary Law, Yale Law School; State Sena- tor of Connecticut; received degree M.A. from Yale University and degree LL.B. from Columbia University; First Vice-President and frequently presiding officer of Connecticut Constitutional Convention; was speaker of the Connecticut House of Representa- tives in 1889. Author of "Parliamentary Law" in Modern Ameri- can Law. Charles S. Cutting, LL.D. Member of the Chicago Bar; member of the Board of Law Examiners, Illinois; Lecturer on Probate Practice, John Marshall Law School; Lecturer on Probate Law, Chicago Kent College of Law; formerly Judge, Probate Court of Cook County, Illinois. Author of "Law of Descent — Wills — Administration — Guardian and Ward," in Modern American Law. Oliver A. Harkek, A.M., LL.D. (See Staff.) THE LAW TRAINED MAN 161 Frank L. Simpson, A.B., LL.D. Professor of Law, Boston University Law School; editor of "Cases on Torts," and author of "Torts — Conversion," in Modern American Law. Charles M. Hepburn, A.B., LL.B., LL.D. Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law; received degree A.B. at Davidson College, degree LL.B. at University of Virginia and degree LL.D. at Miami University; former Lecturer on Code Pleading and on Common Law Pleading at the Cincin- nati Law School; author of "Historical Development of Code Pleading in England and America" and "Cases on Code Plead- ing"; contributor to legal periodicals, including "Parties" in Cyc, "Venue" in Cyc, and "Writ of Entry" in Cyc. Author of "Torts — Defamation," in Modern American Law. Charles E. Carpenter, A.B., A.M., LL.B. Professor of Law, University of Illinois; former Professor of Law, University of North Dakota; received degree A.B. and A.M. at Kansas University and degree LL.B. at Harvard University; former principal High school, Eureka, Kansas; formerly teacher in High school, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Teaching Fellow at Kansas University; contributor to legal periodicals, including "De Facto Corporations" in Harvard Law Review; author of treatise on the "Law of Guaranty and Suretyship" in Modern American Law. HAR\T:y N. Shepard, A.B. (See Special Lecturers.) Henry W. Humble, A.M., Ph.B., LL.B. Professor of Law, University of Kansas; received degrees of A.B. and LL.B. at University of Cincinnati; Ph.B. at University of Chicago; A.M. at Cornell University; former member of Cin- cinnati Bar; taught Political Economy at Cornell University; Secretary, Kansas Society of Criminal Law and Criminology; contributor to American Law Review; author of various legal articles; author of "Insurance" in Modern American Law. Henry H. Ingersoll, M.A., LL.D.* (See Special Lecturers.) ♦Deceased, April, 1915. 11 162 BLACKSTOyE INSTITUTE John N. Pomeroy, A.M., LL.B. Professor of Law, College of Law, University of Illinois; graduate of Yale University and of University of California; author of ''Equitable Remedies"; editor of "Pomeroy on Equity Jurisprudence" (several editions) ; chief editor, "Pomeroy's Anno- tated Code of California"; author of "Equity" in Modern Ameri- can Law. William L. Symons, LL.M., M.P.L. (See Special Lecturers.) Barey Gilbert, A.B., LL.B. Professor of Law, State University of Iowa; graduate of North- western University; former Professor of Law, University of Illi- nois and University of Iowa; author of "Iowa Probate Law" and "Mechem and Gilbert's Cases on Damages"; contributor to legal periodicals, including "The Independent Contractor," "Illinois Law Review,'' "The Right of Asylum," Harvard Law Review, and American Journal of International Law; co-author with Emlin McClain of "Fire Insurance" in Cyc, and author of "Torts — Neg- ligence and Legal Cause," in Modern American Law. Edwin Maxey, D.C.L., LL.D. (See Special Lecturers.) George Lawyer, A.M., LL.B. Professor of Law, Albany Law School; graduate of Hamilton College and of Albany Law School; editor, "Smith on Personal Property and Sales" (second edition); author of "Bankruptcy" in Modern American Law. JOHX T. LOUGHRAN, LL.B. Lecturer, Fordham University Law School, and author of the treatise on "Evidence" in Modern American Law. T. J. Moll, Ph.B., LL.M. (See Special Lecturers.) James W. McCreery. Lecturer on the Law of Irrigation, University of Colorado; THE LAW TRAINED MAN 163 author of "Water Rights and Irrigation" in Modern American Law. Geoege G. Bogert, A.B., LL.B. (See Staff.) Edward E. Osborn. Professor of Law. University of Kansas; formerly Professor of Law and Acting Dean, Washburn College School of Law and author of "Torts-Deceit." in Modern American Law. Arthur W. Blakemgee, A.B., LL.B. (See Special Lecturers.) James L. Hopkins, LL.B. (See Special Lecturers.) William G. Hale, B.S., LL.B. (See Staff.) George F. Tucker, Ph.D., LL.B. (See Special Lecturers.) James W. Garner, B.S., Ph.D. Professor of Political Science, University of Illinois; former editor, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology; author of "Introduction to Political Science, American Government"; au- thor of "Constitutional Law— 'Definition and Principles,' 'Organ- ization and Powers of the United States Government,' "' in Mod- ern American Law. R. L. Henry, Jr., Ph.B., J.D., B.C.L. Professor of Law, University of Iowa; former Dean, College of Law, University of North Dakota; graduate of the University of Chicago; former Professor of Law, Louisiana State University and former Assistant Professor of Law, University of Illinois;' author of "Law of Liens and Pledges" in Modern American Law. Louis B. Ewbank, LL.B. Professor of Law, Indiana Law School; author of "Manual of Indiana Appellate Practice," "Indiana Trial Evidence," "Indiana 164 BLACK8T0NE INSTITUTE Criminal Law" and ''Modern Business Corporations"; author of "Pleadings in Civil Actions" in Modern American Law. JoHx C. TowNEs, LL.D, Professor of Law and Dean of the Law Department, Univer- sity of Texas; graduate of Bagler University, Waco, Texas; for- mer District Judge and President Association of American Law Schools; author, "Townes' Texas Pleadings," "Studies in Ameri- can Elementary Law," "General Principles of the Law of Torts," "Law Books and How to Use Them," "Civil Government of the United States and Texas," and "Elementary Civics"; author of "Malicious Prosecution" in Modern American Law. Elmer M. Liessmann, LL.B. Lecturer on "Persons, Illinois Law, Property Law," at North- western University; graduate of Northwestern University; au- thor of "Illinois Tax Laws and Decisions"; contributor to legal periodicals, including "Steam Water Rights" in Illinois Law Re- view; author of "Persons and Domestic Relations" in Modern American Law. William A. Ferguson, A.B., A.M., LL.B. Lecturer at Fordham University School of Law, New York City, and author of "Agency" in Modern American Law. H. Claude Horack, Ph.D., LL.B. Professor of Law, State University of Iowa; graduate of Uni- versity of Iowa and Harvard University; former Assistant Pro- fessor of Law, University of Wisconsin; editor, "Iowa State Bar Association Proceedings"; author of "Agency" in Modern Ameri- can Law. William E. Colby, LL.B. Lecturer, the Law of Mines, University of California; former special lecturer on the Law of Mines, Leland Stanford Jr. Univer- sity; Assistant Editor, third edition of "Lindley on Mines"; author of "History of American Mining Law" for Carnegie Insti- ture, Washington, D. C. ; author of "Law of Mines and Mining" in Modern American Law. Arthur M. Cathcart, A.B. Professor of Law, Leland Stanford Jr. University; graduate THE LAW TRAINED MAN i65 of Leland Stanford Jr. University; former Assistant Professor and Associate Professor in Leland Stanford Jr. University; for- mer Lecturer in Law, University of California, and former Pro- fessor of Law at University of Chicago; author of "Quasi-Con- tracts" in Modern American Law. Oliver S. Rundell, LL.B. Member of the Wisconsin Bar; former Assistant Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin; author of "Estoppel" in Modern American Law. Maxley 0. Hudson, A.B., A.M., LL.B. Associate Professor of Law, University of Missouri; author of "Estates Tail in Missouri"; author of "Mortgages— Real and Chattel," in Modern American Law. Francis L. Harwood, A.B., LL.B. (See Staff.) Ljautord " PAM PHLET BINDER ' Syracuse, N. Y. ! Stockton, Calit. UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. AUG 2 7 1969 ?R 2 4 1970 my 7 1975 Form L9-Series 4939