.a 
 
 ACONAN
 
 S. EDWIN CORLE, JR. 
 
 HIS BOOK
 
 "'SHE SEIZED MY SLEEVE AND PULLED ME BACK WITH CONVULSIVE 
 
 STRENGTH '"
 
 JMernoiro of 
 Sherlock fiolmes 
 
 By A. CONAN DOYLE 
 
 Author of Adventures of Sherlock Holmes,*' Tale* of 
 Sherlock Holmes," etc. 
 
 WrrH FOUR ILLUSTRATION! 
 
 A. L. BURT COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 Published by arrangement witii Harper & Brothers
 
 Copyright, 1893, by A. CONAN DOYLE. 
 Copyright, 1894, by HARPER & BROTHERS. 
 
 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES Of AMERICA 
 A-S
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 MM 
 XIII. SILVER BLAZE 
 
 XIV. THE YELLOW FACE a* 
 
 XV. THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK 5 
 
 XVI. THE "GLORIA SCOTT" 7 
 
 XVII.-THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL yt 
 
 XVIII.-THE REIGATE PUZZLE 114 
 
 XIX.-THE CROOKED MAN . . . 13? 
 
 XX. THE RESIDENT PATIENT 157 
 
 XXI.-THE GREEK INTERPRETER 179 
 
 XXII. THE NAVAL TREATY 200 
 
 XXIII. THE FINAL PROBLEM ,839 
 
 NOTE. The first twelve Adventures of Sherlock Holmes will be found 
 in the volume published by HARPER & BROTHERS, entitled "Adventures 
 of Sherlock Holmes." It is uniform in size and price with " Memoirs of 
 Sherlock Holmes." 
 
 2031454
 
 B&venture fill 
 
 SILVER BLAZE 
 
 AM afraid, Watson, that I shall have to go." 
 said Holmes, as we sat down together to our 
 breakfast one morning. 
 " Go ! Where to ?" 
 " To Dartmoor ; to King's Pyland." 
 
 I was not surprised. Indeed, my only wonder was that he 
 had not already been mixed up in this extraordinary case, 
 which was the one topic of conversation through the length 
 and breadth of England. For a whole day my companion 
 had rambled about the room with his chin upon his chest 
 and his brows knitted, charging and recharging his pipe with 
 the strongest black tobacco, and absolutely deaf to any of 
 my questions or remarks. Fresh editions of every paper had 
 been sent up by our news agent, only to be glanced over and 
 tossed down into a corner. Yet, silent as he was, I knew 
 perfectly weli what it was over which he was brooding. 
 There was but one problem before the public which could 
 challenge his powers of analysis, and that was the singular 
 disappearance of the favorite for the Wessex Cup, and the 
 tragic murder of its trainer. When, therefore, he suddenly 
 announced his intention of setting out for the scene of the 
 drama it was only what I had both expected and hoped for. 
 
 " I should be most happy to go down with you if I should 
 not be in the way," said I. 
 
 " My dear Watson, you would confer a great favor upon 
 me by coming. And I think that your time will not be mis- 
 spent, for there are points about the case which promise to
 
 2 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK. HOLMES 
 
 make it an absolutely unique one. We have, I think, just 
 time to catch our train at Paddington, and I will go further 
 into the matter upon our journey. You would oblige me by 
 bringing with you your very excellent field-glass." 
 
 And so it happened that an hour or so later I found my- 
 self in the corner of a first-class carriage flying along en route 
 for Exeter, while Sherlock Holmes, with his sharp, eager face 
 framed in his ear-flapped travelling-cap, dipped rapidly into 
 the bundle of fresh papers which he had procured at Pad- 
 dington. We had left Reading far behind us before he thrust 
 the last one of them under the seat, and offered me his cigar- 
 case. 
 
 " We are going well," said he, looking out of the window 
 and glancing at his watch. " Our rate at present is fifty-three 
 and a half miles an hour." 
 
 " I have not observed the quarter-mile posts," said I. 
 
 " Nor have I. But the telegraph posts upon this line are 
 sixty yards apart, and the calculation is a simple one. I pre- 
 sume that you have looked into this matter of the murder o* 
 John Straker and the disappearance of Silver Blaze ?" 
 
 " I have seen what the Telegraph and the Chronicle have to 
 say." 
 
 " It is one of those cases where the art of the reasoner 
 should be used rather for the sifting of details than for the 
 acquiring of fresh evidence. The tragedy has been so un- 
 common, so complete, and of such personal importance to so 
 many people, that we are suffering from a plethora of surmise, 
 conjecture, and hypothesis. The difficulty is to detach the 
 framework of fact of absolute undeniable fact from the 
 embellishments of theorists and reporters. Then, having es- 
 tablished ourselves upon this sound basis, it is our duty to 
 see what inferences may be drawn and what are the special 
 points upon which the whole mystery turns. On Tuesday 
 evening I received telegrams from both Colonel Ross, the 
 owner of the horse, and from Inspector Gregory, who is look- 
 ing after the case, inviting my co-operation."
 
 SILVER BLAZE 3 
 
 " Tuesday evening !" I exclaimed. " And this is Thursday 
 morning. Why didn't you go down yesterday ?" 
 
 " Because I made a blunder, my dear Watson which is, I 
 am afraid, a more common occurrence than any one would 
 think who only knew me through your memoirs. The fact is 
 that 1 could not believe it possible that the most remarkable 
 horse in England could long remain concealed, especially in 
 so sparsely inhabited a place as the north of Dartmoor. From 
 hour to hour yesterday I expected to hear that he had been 
 found, and that his abductor was the murderer of John Stra- 
 ker. When, however, another morning had come, and I found 
 that beyond the arrest of young Fitzroy Simpson nothing had 
 been done, I felt that it was time for me to take action. Yet 
 in some ways I feel that yesterday has not been wasted." 
 
 " You have formed a theory, then ?" 
 
 " At least I have got a grip of the essential facts of the case. 
 I shall enumerate them to you, for nothing clears up a case 
 so much as stating it to another person, and I can hardly ex- 
 pect your co-operation if I do not show you the position from 
 which we start." 
 
 I lay back against the cushions, puffing at my cigar, while 
 Holmes, leaning forward, with his long, thin forefinger check- 
 ing off the points upon the palm of his left hand gave me a 
 sketch of the events which had led to our journey. 
 
 " Silver Blaze," said he, " is from the Somomy stock, and 
 holds as brilliant a record as his famous ancestor. He is now 
 in his fifth year, and has brought in turn each of the prizes 
 of the turf to Colonel Ross, his fortunate owner. Up to the 
 time of the catastrophe he was the first favorite for the Wes- 
 sex Cup, the betting being three to one on him. He has 
 always, however, been a prime favorite with the racing public, 
 and has never yet disappointed them, so that even at those 
 odds enormous sums of money have been laid upon him. It 
 is obvious, therefore, that there were many people who had 
 the strongest interest in preventing Silver Blaze from being 
 there at the fall of the flag next Tuesday.
 
 4 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 "The fact was, of course, appreciated at King's Pyland, 
 where the Colonel's training-stable is situated. Every pre- 
 caution was taken to guard the favorite. The trainer, John 
 Straker, is a retired jockey who rode in Colonel Ross's colors 
 before he became too heavy for the weighing-chair. He has 
 served the Colonel for five years as jockey and for seven as 
 trainer, and has always shown himself to be a zealous and 
 honest servant. Under him were three lads ; for the estab- 
 lishment was a small one, containing only four horses in all. 
 One of these lads sat up each night in the stable, while the 
 others slept in the loft. All three bore excellent characters. 
 John Straker, who is a married man, lived in a small villa 
 about two hundred yards from the stables. He has no chil- 
 dren, keeps one maid-servant, and is comfortably off. The 
 country round is very lonely, but about half a mile to the 
 north there is a small cluster of villas which have been built 
 by a Tavistock contractor for the use of invalids and others 
 who may wish to enjoy the pure Dartmoor air. Tavistock 
 itself lies two miles to the west, while across the moor, also 
 about two miles distant, is the larger training establishment 
 of Mapleton, which belongs to Lord Backwater, and is man- 
 aged by Silas Brown. In every other direction the moor is a 
 complete wilderness, inhabited only by a few roaming gypsies. 
 Such was the general situation last Monday night when the 
 catastrophe occurred. 
 
 " On that evening the horses had been exercised and wa- 
 tered as usual, and the stables were locked up at nine o'clock. 
 Two of the lads walked up to the trainer's house, where they 
 had supper in the kitchen, while the third, Ned Hunter, re- 
 mained on guard. At a few minutes after nine the maid, 
 Edith Baxter, carried down to the st-ables his supper, which 
 consisted of a dish of curried mutton. She took no liquid, 
 as there was a water-tap in the stables, and it was the rule 
 that the lad on duty should drink nothing else. The maid 
 carried a lantern with her, as it was very dark and the path 
 ran across the open moor.
 
 SILVER BLAZE 5 
 
 " Edith Baxter was within thirty yards of the stables, when 
 a man appeared out of the darkness and called to her to stop. 
 As he stepped into the circle of yellow light thrown by the 
 lantern she saw that he was a person of gentlemanly bearing, 
 dressed in a gray suit of tweeds, with a cloth cap. He wore 
 gaiters, and carried a heavy stick with a knob to it. She was 
 most impressed, however, by the extreme pallor of his face 
 and by the nervousness of his manner. His age, she thought, 
 would be rather over thirty than under it. 
 
 " ' Can you tell me where I am ?' he asked. c I had almost 
 made up my mind to sleep on the moor, when I saw the light 
 of your lantern.' 
 
 " ' You are close to the King's Pyland training-stables/ 
 said she. 
 
 " ' Oh, indeed ! What a stroke of luck !' he cried. ' I un- 
 derstand that a stable-boy sleeps there alone every night. 
 Perhaps that is his supper which you are carrying to him. 
 Now I am sure that you would not be too proud to eara the 
 price of a new dress, would you ?' He took a piece of white 
 paper folded up out of his waistcoat pocket. ' See that the 
 boy has this to-night, and you shall have the prettiest frock 
 that money can buy.' 
 
 " She was frightened by the earnestness of his manner, and 
 ran past him to the window through which she was accus- 
 tomed to hand the meals. It was already opened, and Hun- 
 ter was seated at the small table inside. She had begun to 
 tell him of what had happened, when the stranger came up 
 again. 
 
 " 'Good-evening,' said he, looking through the window. 'I 
 wanted to have a word with you.' The girl has sworn that 
 as he spoke she noticed the corner of the little paper packet 
 protruding from his closed hand. 
 
 " ' What business have you here ?' asked the lad. 
 
 " ' It's business that may put something into your pocket,' 
 said the other. ' You've two horses in for the Wessex Cup 
 Silver Blaze and Bayard. Let me have the straight tip and
 
 6 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 you won't be a loser. Is it a fact that at the .veights Bayard 
 could give the other a hundred yards in five furlongs, and 
 that the stable have put their money on him?' 
 
 " ' So, you're one of those damned touts !' cried the lad. 
 ' I'll show you how we serve them in King's Pyland.' He 
 sprang up and rushed across the stable to unloose the dog. 
 The girl fled away to the house, but as she ran she looked 
 back and saw that the stranger was leaning through the win- 
 dow. A minute later, however, when Hunter rushed out with 
 the hound he was gone, and though he ran all round the 
 buildings he failed to find any trace of him." 
 
 " One moment," I asked. " Did the stable-boy, when he 
 ran out with the dog, leave the door unlocked behind him ?" 
 
 " Excellent, Watson, excellent !" murmured my companion. 
 " The importance of the point struck me so forcibly that I 
 sent a special wire to Dartmoor yesterday to clear the matter 
 up. The boy locked the door before he left it. The window, 
 J may add, was not large enough for a man to get through. 
 
 " Hunter waited until his fellow-grooms had returned, when 
 he sent a message to the trainer and told him what had oc- 
 curred. Straker was excited at hearing the account, although 
 he does not seem to have quite realized its true significance. 
 It left him, however, vaguely uneasy, and Mrs. Straker, waking 
 at one in the morning, found that he was dressing. In reply 
 to her inquiries, he said that he could not sleep on account of 
 his anxiety about the horses, and that he intended to walk 
 down to the stables to see that all was well. She begged him 
 to remain at home, as she could hear the rain pattering against 
 the window, but in spite of her entreaties he pulled on his 
 large mackintosh and left the house. 
 
 " Mrs. Straker awoke at seven in the morning, to find that 
 her husband had not yet returned. She dressed herself has- 
 tily, called the maid, and set off for the stables. The door 
 was open ; inside, huddled together upon a chair, Hunter was 
 sunk in a state of absolute stupor, the favorite's stall was 
 empty, and there were no signs of his trainer.
 
 SILVER BLAZE 7 
 
 "The two lads who slept in the chaff-cutting loft above the 
 harness-room were quickly aroused. They had heard nothing 
 during the night, for they are both sound sleepers. Hunter 
 vas obviously under the influence of some powerful drug, and 
 as no sense could be got out of him, he was left to sleep it 
 off while the two lads and the two women ran out in search 
 of the absentees. They still had hopes that the trainer had 
 for some reason taken out the horse for early exercise, but on 
 ascending the knoll near the house, from which ail the neigh- 
 boring moors were visible, they not only could see no signs 
 of the missing favorite, but they perceived something which 
 warned them that they were in the presence of a tragedy. 
 
 " About a quarter of a mile from the stables John Straker's 
 overcoat was flapping from a furze-bush. Immediately be- 
 yond there was a bowl-shaped depression in the moor, and at 
 the bottom of this was found the dead body of the uafortu- 
 nate trainer. His head had been shattered by a savage blow 
 from some heavy weapon, and he was wounded on the thigh, 
 where there was a long, clean cut, inflicted evidently by some 
 very sharp instrument. It was clear, however, that Straker 
 had defended himself vigorously against his assailants, for in 
 his right hand he held a small knife, which was clotted with 
 blood up to the handle, while in his left he clasped a red and 
 black silk cravat, which was recognized by the maid as having 
 been worn on the preceding evening by the stranger who had 
 visited the stables. Hunter, on recovering from his stupor, was 
 also quite positive as to the ownership of the cravat. He was 
 equally certain that the same stranger had, while standing at 
 the window, drugged his curried mutton, and so deprived the 
 stables of their watchman. As to the missing horse, there 
 were abundant proofs in the mud which lay at the bottom of 
 the fatal hollow that he had been there at the time of the 
 struggle. But from that morning he has disappeared, and 
 although a large reward has been offered, and all the gyp- 
 sies of Dartmoor are on the alert, no news has corae of him. 
 Finally, an analysis has shown that the remains of his supper
 
 8 MEMOTRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 )ctt by the stable-lad contain an appreciable quantity of pow< 
 dered opium, while the people at the house partook of the 
 same dish on the same night without any IT effect. 
 
 " Those are the main facts of the case, stripped of all sur- 
 mise, and stated as baldly as possible. I shall now recapitu- 
 late what the police have done in the matter. 
 
 " Inspector Gregory, to whom the case has been commit- 
 ted, is an extremely competent officer. Were he but gifted 
 with imagination he might rise to great heights in his profes- 
 sion. On his arrival he promptly found and arrested the man 
 upon whom suspicion naturally rested. There was little diffi- 
 culty in finding him, for he inhabited one of those villas which 
 I have mentioned. His name, it appears, was Fitzroy Simp- 
 son. He was a man of excellent birth and education, who had 
 squandered a fortune upon the turf, and who lived now by 
 doing a little quiet and genteel book-making in the sporting 
 clubs of London. An examination of his betting-book shows 
 that bets to the amount of five thousand pounds had been 
 registered by him against the favorite. On being arrested he 
 volunteered the statement that he had come down to Dart- 
 moor in the hope of getting some information about the 
 King's Pyland horses, and also about Desborough, the second 
 favorite, which was in charge of Silas Brown at the Mapleton 
 stables. He did not attempt to deny that he had acted as 
 described upon the evening before, but declared that he had 
 no sinister designs, and had simply wished to obtain first-hand 
 information. When confronted with his cravat, he turned 
 very pale, and was utterly unable to account for its presence 
 in the hand of the murdered man. His wet clothing showed 
 that he had been out in the storm of the night before, and his 
 stick, which was a Penang-lawyer weighted with lead, was just 
 such a weapon as might, by repeated blows, have inflicted the 
 terrible injuries to which the trainer had succumbed. On 
 the other hand, there was no wound upon his person, while the 
 state of Straker's knife would show that one at least of his 
 assailants must bear his mark upon him. There you have
 
 SILVER BLAZE 9 
 
 it all in a nutshell, Watson, and if you can give me any light I 
 shall be infinitely obliged to you." 
 
 I had listened with the greatest interest to the statement 
 which Holmes, with characteristic clearness, had laid before 
 me. Though most of the facts were familiar to me, I had not 
 sufficiently appreciated their relative importance, nor their 
 connection to each other. 
 
 " Is it not possible," I suggested, " that the incised wound 
 upon Straker may have been caused by his own knife in the 
 convulsive struggles which follow any brain injury ?" 
 
 " It is more than possible ; it is probable," said Holmes. 
 " In that case one of the main points in favor of the accused 
 disappears." 
 
 " And yet," said I, " even now I fail to understand what the 
 theory of the police can be." 
 
 " I am afraid that whatever theory we state has very grave 
 objections to it," returned my companion. "The police im- 
 agine, I take it, that this Fitzroy Simpson, having drugged 
 the lad, and having in some way obtained a duplicate key, 
 opened the stable door and took out the horse, with the inten- 
 tion, apparently, of kidnapping him altogether. His bridle is 
 missing, se that Simpson must have put this on. Then, hav- 
 ing left the door open behind him, he was leading the horse 
 away over the moor, when he was either met or overtaken by 
 the trainer. A row naturally ensued. Simpson beat out the 
 trainer's brains with his heavy stick without receiving any in- 
 jury from the small knife which Straker used in self-defence, 
 and then the thief either led the horse on to some secret 
 hiding-place, or else it may have bolted during the struggle, 
 and be now wandering out on the moors. That is the case as 
 it appears to the police, and improbable as it is, all other ex- 
 planations are more improbable still. However, I shall very 
 quickly test the matter when I am once upon the spot, and 
 until then I cannot really see how we can get much further 
 than our present position."
 
 fC MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 It was evening before we reached the little town of Tavis- 
 tock, which lies, like the boss of a shield, in the middle of the 
 huge circle of Dartmoor. Two gentlemen were awaiting us in 
 the station the one a tall, fair man with lion-like hair and 
 beard, and curiously penetrating light blue eyes ; the other a 
 small, alert person, very neat and dapper, in a frock-coat and 
 gaiters, with trim little side-whiskers and an eye-glass. The 
 latter was Colonel Ross, the well-known sportsman ; the other, 
 Inspector Gregory, a man who was rapidly making his name 
 in the English detective service. 
 
 " I am delighted that you have come down, Mr. Holmes," 
 said the Colonel. "The Inspector here has done all that 
 could possibly be suggested, but I wish to leave no stone un- 
 turned in trying to avenge poor Straker and in recovering my 
 horse." 
 
 " Have there been any fresh developments ?" asked Holmes. 
 
 " I am sorry to say that we have made very little progress," 
 said the Inspector. " We have an open carriage outside, and 
 as you would no doubt like to see the place before the light 
 fails, we might talk it over as we drive." 
 
 A minute later we were all seated in a comfortable; landau, 
 and were rattling through the quaint old Devonshire city. 
 Inspector Gregory was full of his case, and poured out a 
 stream of remarks, while Holmes threw in an occasional 
 question or interjection. Colonel Ross leaned back with his 
 arms folded and his hat tilted over his eyes, while I listened 
 with interest to the dialogue of the two detectives. Gregory 
 was formulating his theory, which was almost exactly what 
 Holmes had foretold in the train. 
 
 " The net is drawn pretty close round Fitzroy Simpson," he 
 remarked, " and I believe myself that he is our man. At the 
 same time I recognize that the evidence is purely circumstan- 
 tial, and that some new development may upset it." 
 
 " How about Straker's knife ?" 
 
 " We have quite come to the conclusion that he wounded 
 himself in his fall."
 
 SILVER BLAZE IX 
 
 11 My friend Dr. Watson made that suggestion to me as we 
 came down. If so, it would tell against this man Simpson." 
 
 " Undoubtedly. He has neither a knife nor any sign of a 
 wound. The evidence against him is certainly very strong. 
 He had a great interest in the disappearance of the favorite. 
 He lies under suspicion of having poisoned the stable-boy, 
 he was undoubtedly out in the storm, he was armed with a 
 heavy stick, and his cravat was found in the dead man's 
 hand. I really think we have enough to go before a jury." 
 
 Holmes shook his head. " A clever counsel would tear it 
 all to rags," said he. "Why should he take the horse out of 
 the stable ? If he wished to injure it why could he not do it 
 there ? Has a duplicate key been found in his possession ? 
 What chemist sold him the powdered opium ? Above all, 
 where could he, a stranger to the district, hide a horse, and 
 such a horse as this ? What is his own explanation as to the 
 paper which he wished the maid to give to the stable-boy ?" 
 
 " He says that it was a ten-pound note. One was found in 
 his purse. But your other difficulties are not so formidable 
 as they seem. He is not a stranger to the district. He has 
 twice lodged at Tavistock in the summer. The opium was 
 probably brought from London. The key, having served its 
 purpose, would be hurled away. The horse may be at the bot- 
 tom of one of the pits or old mines upon the moor." 
 
 " What does he say about the cravat ?" 
 
 " He acknowledges that it is his, and declares that he had 
 lost it. But a new element has been introduced into the case 
 which may account for his leading the horse from the stable." 
 
 Holmes pricked up his ears. 
 
 " We have found traces which show that a party of gypsies 
 encamped on Monday night within a mile of the spot where 
 the murder took place. On Tuesday they were gone. Now, 
 presuming that there was some understanding between Simp- 
 son and these gypsies, might he not have been leading the 
 horse to them when he was overtaken, and may they not have 
 him now ?"
 
 12 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 "It is certainly possible." 
 
 " The moor is being scoured for these gypsies. I have also 
 examined every stable and out-house in Tavistock, and for a 
 radius of ten miles." 
 
 "There is another training -stable quite close, I under- 
 stand ?" 
 
 "Yes, and that is a factor which we must certainly not 
 neglect As Desborough, their horse, was second in the bet- 
 ting, they had an interest in the disappearance of the favor- 
 ite. Silas Brown, the trainer, is known to have had large bets 
 upon the event, and he was no friend to poor Straker. We 
 have, however, examined the stables, and there is nothing to 
 connect him with the affair." 
 
 " And nothing to connect this man Simpson with the inter- 
 ests of the Mapleton stables ?" 
 
 " Nothing at all." 
 
 Holmes leaned back in the carriage, and the conversation 
 ceased. A few minutes later our driver pulled up at a neat 
 little red-brick villa with overhanging eaves which stood by 
 the road. Some distance off, across a paddock, lay a long 
 gray-tiled out- building. In every other direction the low 
 curves of the moor, bronze-colored from the fading ferns, 
 stretched away to the sky-line, broken only by the steeples of 
 Tavistock, and by a cluster of houses away to the westward 
 which marked the Mapleton stables. We all sprang out with 
 the exception of Holmes, who continued to lean back with his 
 eyes fixed upon the sky in front of him, entirely absorbed in 
 his own thoughts. It was only when I touched his arm that 
 he roused himself with a violent start and stepped out of the 
 carriage. 
 
 " Excuse me," said he, turning to Colonel Ross, who had 
 looked at him in some surprise. "I was day-dreaming." 
 There was a gleam in his eyes and a suppressed excitement 
 in his manner which convinced me, used as I was to his ways, 
 that his hand was upon a clue, though I could not imagine 
 where he had found it
 
 SILVER BLAZE 13 
 
 " Perhaps you would prefer at once to go on to the scene 
 of the crime, Mr. Holmes ?" said Gregory. 
 
 " I think that I should prefer to stay here a little and go 
 into one or two questions of detail. Straker was brought 
 back here, I presume ?" 
 
 "Yes; he lies upstairs. The inquest is to-morrow." 
 
 " He has been in your service some years, Colonel Ross ?" 
 
 "I have always found him an excellent servant. ' 
 
 " I presume that you made an inventory of what he had in 
 his pockets at the time of his death, Inspector ?" 
 
 " I have the things themselves in the sitting-roorn, if you 
 would care to see them." 
 
 " I should be very glad." We all filed into the front room 
 and sat round the central table while the Inspector unlocked 
 a square tin box and laid a small heap of things before us. 
 There was a box of vestas, two inches of tallow candle, an 
 A D P brier-root pipe, a pouch of seal-skin with half an ounce 
 of long-cut Cavendish, a silver watch with a gold chain, five 
 sovereigns in gold, an aluminium pencil-case, a few papers, 
 and an ivory-handled knife with a very delicate, inflexible 
 blade marked Weiss & Co., London. 
 
 " This is a very singular knife," said Holmes, lifting it up 
 and examining it minutely. " I presume, as I see blood-stains 
 upon it, that it is the one which was found in the dead man's 
 grasp. Watson, this knife is surely in your line ?" 
 
 " It is what we call a cataract knife," said I. 
 
 " I thought so. A very delicate blade devised for very del- 
 icate work. A strange thing for a man to carry with him 
 upon a rough expedition, especially as it would not shut in his 
 pocket." 
 
 " The tip was guarded by a disk of cork which we found 
 beside his body," said the Inspector. " His wife tells us that 
 the knife had lain upon the dressing-table, and that he had 
 picked it up as he left the room. It was a poor weapon, but 
 perhaps the best that he could lay his hands on at the mo- 
 ment."
 
 14 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " Very possibly. How about these papers ?" 
 
 " Three of them are receipted hay-dealers' accounts. One 
 of them is a letter of instructions from Colonel Ross. This 
 other is a milliner's account for thirty-seven pounds fifteen 
 made out by Madame Lesurier, of Bond Street, to William 
 Derbyshire. Mrs. Straker tells us that Derbyshire was a 
 friend of her husband's, and that occasionally his letters were 
 addressed here." 
 
 " Madame Derbyshire had somewhat expensive tastes," re- 
 marked Holmes, glancing down the account. "Twenty-two 
 guineas is rather heavy for a single costume. However, there 
 appears to be nothing more to learn, and we may now go 
 down to the scene of the crime." 
 
 As we emerged from the sitting-room a woman, who had 
 been waiting in the passage, took a step forward and laid her 
 hand upon the Inspector's sleeve. Her face was haggard and 
 thin and eager, stamped with the print of a recent horror. 
 
 " Have you got them ? Have you found them ?" she 
 panted. 
 
 " No, Mrs. Straker. But Mr. Holmes here has come from 
 London to help us, and we shall do all that is possible." 
 
 " Surely I met you in Plymouth at a garden-party some lit- 
 tle time ago, Mrs. Straker ?" said Holmes. 
 
 "No, sir; you are mistaken." 
 
 " Dear me ! Why, I could have sworn to it. You wore 
 a costume of dove-colored silk with ostrich - feather trim- 
 ming." 
 
 " I never had such a dress, sir," answered the lady. 
 
 " Ah, that quite settles it," said Holmes. And with an 
 apology he followed the Inspector outside. A short vralk 
 across the moor took us to the hollow in which the body 
 had been found. At the brink of it was the furze-bush upon 
 which the coat had been hung. 
 
 " There was no wind that night, I understand," 
 Holmes. 
 
 " None; but very heavy rain."
 
 SILVER BLAZE 15 
 
 " In that case the overcoat was not blown against the 
 furze-bushes, but placed there." 
 
 " Yes, it was laid across the bush." 
 
 " You fill me with interest. I perceive that the ground has 
 been trampled up a good deal. No doubt many feet have 
 been here since Monday night." 
 
 " A piece of matting has been laid here at the side, and we 
 have all stood upon that." 
 
 " Excellent." 
 
 " In this bag I have one of the boots which Straker wore, 
 one of Fitzroy Simpson's shoes, and a cast horseshoe of 
 Silver Blaze." 
 
 " My dear Inspector, you surpass yourself !" Holmes took 
 the bag, and, descending into the hollow, he pushed the mat- 
 ting into a more central position. Then stretching himself 
 upon his face and leaning his chin upon his hands, he made 
 a careful study of the trampled mud in front of him. " Hul- 
 lo!" said he, suddenly. "What's this?" It was a wax vesta 
 half burned, which was so coated with mud that it looked at 
 first like a little chip of wood. 
 
 " I cannot think how I came to overlook it," said the In- 
 spector, with an expression of annoyance. 
 
 " It was invisible, buried in the mud. I only saw it because 
 I was looking for it." 
 
 " What ! you expected to find it ?" 
 
 " I thought it not unlikely." 
 
 He took the boots from the bag, and compared the impres- 
 sions of each of them with marks upon the ground. Then he 
 clambered up to the rim of the hollow, and crawled about 
 among the ferns and bushes. 
 
 " I am afraid that there are no more tracks," said the In- 
 spector. " I have examined the ground very carefully for a 
 hundred yards in each direction." 
 
 " Indeed !" said Holmes, rising. " I should not have the 
 impertinence to do it again after what you say. But I should 
 like to take a little walk over the moor before it grows dark,
 
 16 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 that I may know my ground to-morrow, and I think that 1 
 shall put this horseshoe into my pocket for luck." 
 
 Colonel Ross, who had shown some signs of impatience at 
 my companion's quiet and systematic method of work, glanced 
 at his watch. "I wish you would come back with me, In- 
 spector," said he. " There are several points on which I 
 should like your advice, and especially as to whether we do 
 not owe it to the public to remove our horse's name from the 
 entries for the Cup." 
 
 "Certainly not," cried Holmes, with decision. " I should 
 let the name stand." 
 
 The Colonel bowed. " I am very glad to have had your 
 opinion, sir," said he. " You will find us at poor Straker's 
 house when you have finished your walk, and we can drive 
 together into Tavistock." 
 
 He turned back with the Inspector, while Holmes and I 
 walked slowly across the moor. The sun was beginning to 
 sink behind the stable of Mapleton, and the long, sloping 
 plain in front of us was tinged with gold, deepening into rich, 
 ruddy browns where the faded ferns and brambles caught the 
 evening light. But the glories of the landscape were all wasted 
 upon my companion, who was sunk in the deepest thought. 
 
 "It's this way, Watson," said he at last. "We may leave 
 the question of who killed John Straker for the instant, and 
 confine ourselves to finding out what has become of the horse. 
 Now, supposing that he broke away during or after the trag- 
 edy, where could he have gone to ? The horse is a very gre- 
 garious creature. If left to himself his instincts would have 
 been either to return to King's Pyland or go over to Mapleton. 
 Why should he run wild upon the moor ? He would surely have 
 been seen by now. And why should gypsies kidnap him ? 
 These people always clear out when they hear of trouble, 
 for they do not wish to be pestered by the police. They 
 could not hope to sell such a horse. They would run a great 
 risk and gain nothing by taking him. Surely that is clear." 
 
 "Where is he, then?"
 
 SILVER BLAZE If 
 
 " I have already said that he must have gone to King's Py 
 land or to Mapleton. He is not at King's Pyland. There- 
 fore he is at Mapleton. Let us take that as a working hypoth- 
 esis and see what it leads us to. This part of the moor, as 
 the Inspector remarked, is very hard and dry. But it falls 
 away towards Mapleton, and you can see from here that there 
 is a long hollow over yonder, which must have been very wet 
 on Monday night. If our supposition is correct, then the 
 horse must have crossed that, and there is the point where 
 we should look for his tracks." 
 
 We had been walking briskly during this conversation, and 
 a few more minutes brought us to the hollow in question. 
 At Holmes's request I walked down the bank to the right, 
 and he to the left, but I had not taken fifty paces before I 
 heard him give a shout, and saw him waving his hand to me. 
 The track of a horse was plainly outlined in the soft earth in 
 front of him, and the shoe which he took from his pocket 
 exactly fitted the impression. 
 
 " See the value of imagination," said Holmes. " It is the 
 one quality which Gregory lacks. We imagined what might 
 have happened, acted upon the supposition, and find our- 
 selves justified. Let us proceed." 
 
 We crossed the marshy bottom and passed over a quarter 
 ef a mile of dry, hard turf. Again the ground sloped, and 
 again we came on the tracks. Then we lost them for half a 
 mile, but only to pick them up once more quite close to Ma- 
 pleton. It was Holmes who saw them first, and he stood 
 pointing with a look of triumph upon his face. A man's 
 track was visible beside the horse's. 
 
 "The horse was alone before," I cried. 
 
 " Quite so. It was alone before. Hullo, what is this ?" 
 
 The double track turned sharp off and took the direction 
 of King's Pyland. Holmes whistled, and we both followed 
 along after it. His eyes were on the trail, but I happened 
 to look a little to one side, and saw to my surprise the same 
 tracks coming back again in the opposite direction.
 
 1 8 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMBS 
 
 " One for you, Watson," said Holmes, when I pointed it 
 out. " You have saved us a long walk, which would have 
 brought us back on our own traces. Let us follow the return 
 track." 
 
 We had not to go far. It ended at the paving of asphalt 
 which led up to the gates of the Mapleton stables. As we 
 approached, a groom ran out from them. 
 
 "We don't want any loiterers about here," said he. 
 
 " I only wished to ask a question," said Holmes, with his 
 ringer and thumb in his waistcoat pocket. " Should I be too 
 early to see your master, Mr. Silas Brown, if I were to call at 
 five o'clock to-morrow morning ?" 
 
 " Bless you, sir, if any one is about he will be, for he is 
 always the first stirring. But here he is, sir, to answer your 
 questions for himself. No, sir, no , it is as much as my place 
 is worth to let him see me touch your money. Afterwards, 
 if you like." 
 
 As Sherlock Holmes replaced the half-crown which he had 
 drawn from his pocket, a fierce-looking elderly man strode 
 out from the gate with a hunting-crop swinging in his 
 hand. 
 
 " What's this, Dawson !" he cried. " No gossiping ! Go 
 about your business ! And you, what the devil do you want 
 here ?" 
 
 " Ten minutes' talk with you, my good sir," said Holmes 
 in the sweetest of voices. 
 
 "I've no time to talk to every gadabout. We want no 
 strangers here. Be off, or you may find a dog at your heels." 
 
 Holmes leaned forward and whispered something in the 
 trainer's ear. He started violently and flushed to the tem- 
 ples. 
 
 " It's a lie !" he shouted , " an infernal lie !" 
 
 "Very good. Shall we argue about it here in public or 
 talk it over in your parlor ?" 
 
 " Oh, come in if you wish to." 
 
 Holmes smiled. " I shall not keep you more than a few
 
 SILVER BLAZE 19 
 
 minutes, Watson," said he. " Now, Mr. Brown, I am quite at 
 your disposal." 
 
 It was twenty minutes, and the reds had all faded into 
 grays before Holmes and the trainer reappeared. Never 
 have I seen such a change as had been brought about in 
 Silas Brown in that short time. His face was ashy pale, 
 beads of perspiration shone upon his brow, and his hands 
 shook until the hunting-crop wagged like a branch in the 
 wind. His bullying, overbearing manner was all gone too, 
 and he cringed along at my companion's side like a dog with 
 its master. 
 
 " Your instructions will be done. It shall all be done," 
 said he. 
 
 " There must be no mistake," said Holmes, looking round 
 at him. The other winced as he read the menace in his eyes. 
 
 "Oh no, there shall be no mistake. It shall be there. 
 Should I change it first or not?" 
 
 Holmes thought a little and then burst out laughing. " No, 
 don't," said he; "I shall write to you about it. No tricks, 
 now, or " 
 
 " Oh, you can trust me, you can trust me !" 
 
 "Yes, I think I can. Well, you shall hear from me to- 
 morrow." He turned upon his heel, disregarding the trem- 
 bling hand which the other held out to him, and we set off 
 for King's Pyland. 
 
 " A more perfect compound of the bully, coward, and sneak 
 than Master Silas Brown I have seldom met with," remarked 
 Holmes as we trudged along together. 
 
 " He has the horse, then ?" 
 
 " He tried to bluster out of it, but I described to him so 
 exactly what his actions had been upon that morning that he 
 is convinced that I was watching him. Of course you ob' 
 served the peculiarly square toes in the impressions, and that 
 his own boots exactly corresponded to them. Again, of course 
 no subordinate would have dared to do such a thing. I de- 
 scribed to him how, when according to his custom he was the
 
 20 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 first down, he perceived a strange horse wandering over the 
 moor. How he went out to it, and his astonishment at recog- 
 nizing, from the white forehead which has given the favorite 
 its name, that chance had put in his power the only horse 
 which could beat the one upon which he had put his money. 
 Then I described how his first impulse had been to lead him 
 back to King's Pyland, and how the devil had shown him 
 how he could hide the horse until the race was over, and how 
 he had led it back and concealed it at Mapleton. When I 
 told him every detail he gave it up and thought only of saving 
 his own skin." 
 
 " But his stables, had been searched ?" 
 
 " Oh, an old horse-fakir like him has many a dodge." 
 
 "But are you not afraid to leave the horse in his power 
 now, since he has every interest in injuring it ?" 
 
 " My dear fellow, he will guard it as the apple of his eye. 
 He knows that his only hope of mercy is to produce it 
 safe." 
 
 " Colonel Ross did not impress me as a man who would 
 be likely to show much mercy in any case." 
 
 "The matter does not rest with Colonel Ross. I follow 
 my own methods, and tell as much or as little as I choose. 
 That is the advantage of being unofficial. I don't know 
 whether you observed it, Watson, but the Colonel's manner 
 has been just a trifle cavalier to me. I am inclined now to 
 have a little amusement at his expense. Say nothing to him 
 about the horse." 
 
 ** Certainly not without your permission." 
 
 " And of course this is all quite a minor point compared 
 to the question of who killed John Straker." 
 
 " And you will devote yourself to that ?" 
 
 " On the contrary, we both go back to London by the night 
 train." 
 
 I was thunderstruck by my friend's words. We had only 
 been a few hours in Devonshire, and that he should give up 
 an investigation which he had begun so brilliantly was quite
 
 SILVER BLAZE 21 
 
 incomprehensible to me. Not a word more could I draw 
 from him until we were back at the trainer's house. The 
 Colonel and the Inspector were awaiting us in the parlor. 
 
 "My friend and I return to town by the night-express," 
 said Holmes. "We have had a charming little breath of 
 your beautiful Dartmoor air." 
 
 The Inspector opened his eyes, and the Colonel's lip curled 
 in a sneer. 
 
 " So you despair of arresting the murderer of poor Straker," 
 said he. 
 
 Holmes shrugged his shoulders. " There are certainly grave 
 difficulties in the way," said he. " I have every hope, how- 
 ever, that your horse will start upon Tuesday, and I beg that 
 you will have your jockey in readiness. Might I ask for a 
 photograph of Mr. John Straker?" 
 
 The Inspector took one from an envelope and handed it to 
 him. 
 
 " My dear Gregory, you anticipate all my wants. If I might 
 ask you to wait here for an instant, I have a question which 
 I should like to put to the maid." 
 
 " I must say that I am rather disappointed in our London 
 consultant," said Colonel Ross, bluntly, as my friend left the 
 room. " I do not see that we are any further than when he 
 came." 
 
 " At least you have his assurance that your horse will run," 
 said I. 
 
 " Yes, I have his assurance," said the Colonel, with a shrug 
 of his shoulders. " I should prefer to have the horse." 
 
 I was about to make some reply in defence of my friend 
 when he entered the room again. 
 
 " Now, gentlemen," said he, " I am quite ready for Tavis- 
 tock." 
 
 As we stepped into the carriage one of the stable-lads held 
 the door open for us. A sudden idea seemed to occur to 
 Holmes, for he leaned forward and touched the lad upon the 
 sleeve.
 
 22 
 
 " You have a few sheep in the paddock," he said. " Who 
 attends to them ?" 
 
 " I do, sir." 
 
 " Have you noticed anything amiss with them of late ?" 
 
 "Well, sir, not of much account; but three of them have 
 gone lame, sir." 
 
 I could see that Holmes was extremely pleased, for he 
 chuckled and rubbed his hands together. 
 
 " A long shot, Watson ; a very long shot," said he, pinching 
 my arm. "Gregory, let me recommend to your attention this 
 singular epidemic among the sheep. Drive on, coachman !" 
 
 Colonel Ross still wore an expression which showed the 
 poor opinion which he had formed of my companion's ability, 
 but I saw by the Inspector's face that his attention had been 
 keenly aroused. 
 
 "You consider that to be important ?" he asked. 
 
 " Exceedingly so." 
 
 " Is there any point to which you would wish to draw my 
 attention ?" 
 
 " To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time." 
 
 " The dog did nothing in the night-time." 
 
 " That was the curious incident," remarked Sherlock 
 Holmes. 
 
 Four days later Holmes and I were again in the train, 
 bound for Winchester to see the race for the Wessex Cup. 
 Colonel Ross met us by appointment outside the station, and 
 we drove in his drag to the course beyond the town. His 
 face was grave, and his manner was cold in the extreme. 
 
 " I have seen nothing of my horse," said he. 
 
 " I suppose that you would know him when you saw him ?" 
 asked Holmes. 
 
 The Colonel was very angry. " I have been on the turf for 
 twenty years, and never was asked such a question as that 
 before," said he. "A child would know Silver Blaze, with 
 his white forehead and his mottled off-foreleg."
 
 SILVER BLAZE 23 
 
 " How is the betting ?" 
 
 " Well, that is the curious part of it. You could have got 
 fifteen to one yesterday, but the price has become shorter 
 and shorter, until you can hardly get three to one now." 
 
 " Hum !" said Holmes. " Somebody knows something, 
 that is clear." 
 
 As the drag drew up in the enclosure near the grand stand 
 I glanced at the card to see the entries. 
 
 Wessex Plate [it ran] 50 sovs each h ft with 1000 sovs added for four 
 and five year olds. Second, ^300. Third, .200. New course (one mile 
 and five furlongs). 
 
 1. Mr. Heath Newton's The Negro. Red cap. Cinnamon jacket. 
 
 2. Colonel Wardlaw's Pugilist. Pink cap. Blue and black jacket. 
 
 3. Lord Backwater's Desborough. Yellow cap and sleeves. 
 
 4. Colonel Ross's Silver Blaze. Black cap. Red jacket. 
 
 5. Duke of Balmoral's Iris. Yellow and black stripes. 
 
 6. Lord Singleford's Rasper. Purple cap. Black sleeves. 
 
 " We scratched our other one, and put all hopes on your 
 word," said the Colonel. " Why, whtt is that ? Silver Blaze 
 favorite ?" 
 
 " Five to four against Silver Blaze !" roared the ring. 
 " Five to four against Silver Blaze ! Five to fifteen against 
 Desborough ! Five to four on the field !" 
 
 " There are the numbers up," I cried. " They are all six 
 there." 
 
 " All six there ? Then my horse is running," cried the 
 Colonel in great agitation. " But I don't see him. My colors 
 have not passed." 
 
 " Only five have passed. This must be he." 
 
 As I spoke a powerful bay horse swept out from the weigh- 
 ing enclosure and cantered past us, bearing on its back the 
 well-known black and red of the Colonel. 
 
 " That's not my horse," cried the owner. " That beast has 
 not a white hair upon its body. What is this that you have 
 done, Mr. Holmes ?" 
 
 " Well, well, let us see how he gets on," said my friend, inv
 
 /4 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 perturbably. For a few minutes he gazed through my field- 
 glass. " Capital ! An excellent start !" he cried suddenly. 
 " There they are, coming round the curve !" 
 
 From our drag we had a superb view as they came up the 
 straight The six horses were so close together that a carpet 
 could have covered them, but half way up the yellow of the 
 Mapleton stable showed to the front. Before they reached 
 us, however, Desborough's bolt was shot, and the Colonel's 
 horse, coming away with a rush, passed the post a good six 
 lengths before its rival, the Duke of Balmoral's Iris making a 
 bad third. 
 
 " It's my race, anyhow," gasped the Colonel, passing his 
 hand over his eyes. " I confess that I can make neither head 
 nor tail of it. Don't you think that you have kept up your 
 mystery long enough, Mr. Holmes ?" 
 
 " Certainly, Colonel, you shall know everything. Let us all 
 go round and have a look at the horse together. Here he is," 
 he continued, as we made our way into the weighing enclosure, 
 where only owners and their friends find admittance. " You 
 have only to wash his face and his leg in spirits of wine, and 
 you will find that he is the same old Silver Blaze as ever." 
 
 " You take my breath away !" 
 
 " I found him in the hands of a fakir, and took the liberty 
 of running him just as he was sent over." 
 
 " My dear sir, you have done wonders. The horse looks 
 very fit and well. It never went better in its life. I owe you 
 a thousand apologies for having doubted your ability. You 
 have done me a great service by recovering my horse. 
 You would do me a greater still if you could lay your hands on 
 the murderer of John Straker." 
 
 " I have done so," said Holmes quietly. 
 
 The Colonel and I stared at him in amazement. "Yo 
 have got him ! Where is he, then ?" 
 
 " He is here." 
 
 " Here ! Where ?" 
 
 " In my company at the present moment."
 
 SILVER BLAZE 25 
 
 The Coionel flushed angrily. " I quite recognize that I am 
 under obligations to you, Mr. Holmes," said he, " but I must 
 regard what you have just said as either a very bad joke or an 
 insult." 
 
 Sherlock Holmes laughed. " I assure you that I have not 
 associated you with the crime, Colonel," said he. " The real 
 murderer is standing immediately behind you." He stepped 
 past and laid his hand upon the glossy neck of the thorough- 
 bred. 
 
 " The horse !" cried both the Colonel and myself. 
 
 " Yes, the horse. And it may lessen his guilt if I say that 
 it was done in self-defence, and that John Straker was a man 
 who was entirely unworthy of your confidence. But there 
 goes the bell, and as I stand to win a little on this next race, 
 I shall defer a lengthy explanation until a more fitting time.' 
 
 We had the corner of a Pullman car to ourselves that even- 
 ing as we whirled back to London, and I fancy that the jour- 
 ney was a short one to Colonel Ross as well as to myself, as 
 we listened to our companion's narrative of the events which 
 had occurred at the Dartmoor training-stables upon that Mon- 
 day night, and the means by which he had unravelled them. 
 
 " I confess," said he, " that any theories which I had formed 
 from the newspaper reports were entirely erroneous. And yet 
 there were indications there, had they not been overlaid by 
 other details which concealed their true import. I went to 
 Devonshire with the conviction that Fitzroy Simpson was 
 the true culprit, although, of course, I saw that the evidence 
 against him was by no means complete. It was while I was 
 in the carriage, just as we reached the trainer's house, that the 
 immense significance of the curried mutton occurred to me. 
 You may remember that I was distrait, and remained sitting 
 after you had all alighted. I was marvelling in my own finind 
 how I could possibly have overlooked so obvious a clue." 
 
 " I confess," said the Colonel, " that even now I cannot see 
 kow it helps us."
 
 26 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " It was the first link in my chain of reasoning. Powdered 
 opium is by no means tasteless. The flavor is not disagree- 
 able, but it is perceptible. Were it mixed with any ordinary 
 dish the eater would undoubtedly detect it, and would prob- 
 ably eat no more. A curry was exactly the medium which 
 would disguise this taste. By no possible supposition could 
 this stranger, Fitzroy Simpson, have caused curry to be served 
 in the trainer's family that night, and it is surely too monstrous 
 a coineidence to suppose that he happened to come along with 
 powdered opium upon the very night when a dish happened to 
 be served which would disguise the flavor. That is unthink- 
 able. Therefore Simpson becomes eliminated from the case, 
 and our attention centres upon Straker and his wife, the only 
 two people who could have chosen curried mutton for supper 
 that night. The opium was added after the dish was set aside 
 for the stable-boy, for the others had the same for supper with 
 no ill effects. Which of them, then, had access to that dish 
 without the maid seeing them ? 
 
 " Before deciding that question I had grasped the signif- 
 icance of the silence of the dog, for one true inference invari- 
 ably suggests others. The Simpson incident had shown me 
 that a dog was kept in the stables, and yet, though some one 
 had been in and had fetched out a horse, he had not barked 
 enough to arouse the two lads in the loft. Obviously the mid- 
 night visitor was some one whom the dog knew well. 
 
 " I was already convinced, or almost convinced, that John 
 Straker went down to the stables in the dead of the night and 
 took out Silver Blaze. For what purpose ? For a dishonest 
 one, obviously, or why should he drug his own stable-boy? 
 And yet I was at a loss to know why. There have been cases 
 before now where trainers have made sure of great sums of 
 money by laying against their own horses, through agents, and 
 then preventing them from winning by fraud. Sometimes it is 
 a pulling jockey. Sometimes it is some surer and subtler 
 means. What was it here ? I hoped that the contents of his 
 pockets might help me to form a conclusion.
 
 SILVER BLAZE 2J 
 
 " And they did so. You cannot have forgotten the singular 
 knife which was found in the dead man's hand, a knife which 
 certainly no sane man would choose for a weapon. It was, as 
 Dr. Watson told us, a form of knife which is used for the most 
 delicate operations known in surgery. And it was to be used 
 for a delicate operation that night. You must know, with your 
 wide experience of turf matters, Colonel Ross, that it is possi- 
 ble to make a slight nick upon the tendons of a horse's ham, 
 and to do it subcutaneously, so as to leave absolutely no trace. 
 A horse so treated would develop a slight lameness, which 
 would be put down to a strain in exercise or a touch of rheu- 
 matism, but never to foul play." 
 
 " Villain ! Scoundrel !" cried the Colonel. 
 
 " We have here the explanation of why John Straker wished 
 to take the horse out on to the moor. So spirited a creature 
 would have certainly roused the soundest of sleepers when it 
 felt the prick of the knife. It was absolutely necessary to do 
 it in the open air." 
 
 " I have been blind !" cried the Colonel. " Of course that 
 was why he needed the candle, and struck the match." 
 
 " Undoubtedly. But in examining his belongings I was 
 fortunate enough to discover not only the method of the 
 crime, but even its motives. As a man of the world, Colonel, 
 you know that men do not carry other people's bills about in 
 their pockets. W r e have most of us quite enough to do to 
 settle our own. I at once concluded that Straker was lead- 
 ing a double life, and keeping a second establishment. The 
 nature of the bill showed that there was a lady in the case, 
 and one who had expensive tastes. Liberal as you are with 
 your servants, one can hardly expect that they can buy twenty- 
 guinea walking dresses for their ladies. I questioned Mrs. 
 Straker as to the dress without her knowing it, and having 
 satisfied myself that it had never reached her, I made a note 
 of the milliner's address, and felt that by calling there with 
 Straker's photograph I could easily dispose of the mythical 
 Derbyshire.
 
 2 g MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " From that time on all was plain. Straker had led out the 
 horse to a hollow where his light would be invisible. Simp, 
 son in his flight had dropped his cravat, and Straker had 
 picked it up with some idea, perhaps, that he might use it in 
 securing the horse's leg. Once in the hollow, he had got be- 
 hind the horse and had struck a light ; but the creature, fright- 
 ened at the sudden glare, and with the strange instinct of 
 animals feeling that some mischief was intended, had lashed 
 out, and the steel shoe had struck Straker full on the fore- 
 head. He had already, in spite of the rain, taken off his 
 overcoat in order to do his delicate task, and so, as he fell, 
 his knife gashed his thigh. Do I make it clear ?" 
 
 "Wonderful!" cried the Colonel "Wonderful! You 
 might have been there !" 
 
 " My final shot was, I confess, a very long one. It struck 
 me that so astute a man as Straker would not undertake this 
 delicate tendon-nicking without a little practice. What could 
 he practise on ? My eyes fell upon the sheep, and I asked a 
 question which, rather to my surprise, showed that my sur- 
 mise was correct. 
 
 " When I returned to London I called upon the milliner, 
 who had recognized Straker as an excellent customer of the 
 name of Derbyshire, who had a very dashing wife, with a 
 strong partiality for expensive dresses. I have no doubt that 
 this woman had plunged him over head and ears in debt, and 
 so led him into this miserable plot." 
 
 " You have explained all but one thing," cried the Colonel. 
 " Where was the horse ?" 
 
 " Ah, it bolted, and was cared for by one of your neighbors. 
 We must have an amnesty in that direction, I think. This is 
 Clapham Junction, if I am not mistaken, and we shall be in 
 Victoria in less than ten minutes. If you care to smoke a 
 cigar in our rooms, Colonel, I shall be happy to give you any 
 other details which might interest you."
 
 Btoenture 
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 
 
 [In publishing these short sketches based upon the numerous cases in 
 which my companion's singular gifts have made us the listeners to, and 
 eventually the actors in, some strange drama, it is only natural that I should 
 dwell rather upon his successes than upon his failures. And this not so 
 much for the sake of his reputation for, indeed, it was when he was at his 
 wits' end that his energy and his versatility were most admirable but be- 
 cause where he failed it happened too often that no one else succeeded, 
 and that the tale was left forever without a conclusion. Now and again, 
 however, it chanced that even when he erred, the truth was still discovered. 
 I have noted of some half-dozen cases of the kind the Adventure of the 
 Musgrave Ritual and that which I am about to recount are the two which 
 present the strongest features of interest.] 
 
 [HERLOCK HOLMES was a man who seldom 
 took exercise for exercise's sake. Few men 
 were capable of greater muscular effort, and he 
 was undoubtedly one of the finest boxers of his 
 weight that I have ever seen ; but he looked 
 upon aimless bodily exertion as a waste of energy, and he 
 seldom bestirred himself save where there was some profes- 
 sional object to be served. Then he was absolutely untiring 
 and indefatigable. That he should have kept himself in train- 
 ing under such circumstances is remarkable, but his diet was 
 usually of the sparest, and his habits were simple to the verge 
 of austerity. Save for the occasional use of cocaine, he had 
 no vices, and he only turned to the drug as a protest against 
 the monotony of existence when cases were scanty and the 
 papers uninteresting. 
 
 One day in early spring he had so far relaxed as to go for a 
 walk with me in the Park, where the first faint shoots of green 
 were breaking out upon the elms, and the sticky spear-heads
 
 30 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK 
 
 ef the chestnuts were just beginning to burst into their five- 
 fold leaves. For two hours we rambled about together, in 
 silence for the most part, as befits two men who know each 
 other intimately. It was nearly five before we were back in 
 Baker Street once more. 
 
 " Beg pardon, sir," said our page-boy, as he opened the 
 door. "There's been a gentleman here asking for you, sir." 
 
 Holmes glanced reproachfully at me. " So much for after 
 noon walks !" said he. " Has this gentleman gone, then f" 
 
 " Yes, sir." 
 
 " Didn't you ask him in ?" 
 
 " Yes, sir ; he came in." 
 
 " How long did he wait ?" 
 
 " Half an hour, sir. He was a very restless gentleman, sir, 
 a-walkin' and a-stampin' all the time he was here. I was 
 waitin' outside the door, sir, and I could hear him. At last 
 he out into the passage, and he cries, ' Is that man never goin' 
 to come ?' Those were his very words, sir. ' You'll only need 
 to wait a little longer,' says I. ' Then I'll wait in the open 
 air, for I feel half choked,' says he. 'I'll be back before 
 long.' And with that he ups and he outs, and all I could say 
 wouldn't hold him back." 
 
 " Well, well, you did your best," said Holmes, as we walked 
 into our room. " It's very annoying, though, Watson. I was 
 badly in need of a case, and this looks, from the man's impa- 
 tience, as if it were of importance. Hullo ! that's not your 
 pipe on the table. He must have left his behind him. A 
 nice old brier with a good long stem of what the tobacconists 
 call amber. I wonder how many real amber mouthpieces 
 there are in London ? Some people think that a fly in it is a 
 sign. Well, he must have been disturbed in his mind to leave 
 a pipe behind him which he evidently values highly." 
 
 " How do you know that he values it highly?" I asked. 
 
 " Well, I should put the original cost of the pipe at seven 
 and sixpence. Now it has, you see, been twice mended, once 
 in the wooden stem and once in the amber. Each of these
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 3! 
 
 mends, done, as you observe, with silver bands, must have cost 
 more than the pipe did originally. The man must value the 
 pipe highly when he prefers to patch it up rather than buy a 
 new one with the same money." 
 
 " Anything else ?" I asked, for Holmes was turning the pipe 
 about in his hand, and staring at it in his peculiar pensive way. 
 
 He held it up and tapped on it with his long, thin fore- 
 finger, as a professor might who was lecturing on a bone. 
 
 " Pipes are occasionally of extraordinary interest," said he. 
 " Nothing has more individuality, save perhaps watches and 
 bootlaces. The indications here, however, are neither very 
 marked nor very important. The owner is obviously a mus- 
 cular man, left-handed, with an excellent set of teeth, careless 
 in his habits, and with no need to practise economy." 
 
 My friend threw out the information in a very off-hand way, 
 but I saw that he cocked his eye at me to see if I had followed 
 his reasoning. 
 
 " You think a man must be well-to-do if he smokes a seven- 
 shilling pipe," said I. 
 
 "This is Grosvenor mixture at eightpence an ounce," 
 Holmes answered, knocking a little out on his palm. " As 
 he might get an excellent smoke for half the price, he has no 
 need to practise economy." 
 
 " And the other points ?" 
 
 " He has been in the habit of lighting his pipe at lamps and 
 gas-jets. You can see that it is quite charred all down one 
 side. Of course a match could not have done that. Why 
 should a man hold a match to the side of his pipe ? But you 
 cannot light it at a lamp without getting the bowl charred. 
 And it is all on the right side of the pipe. From that I gather 
 that he is a left-handed man. You hold your own pipe to the 
 lamp, and see how naturally you, being right-handed, hold the 
 left side to the flame. You might do it once the other way, 
 but not as a constancy. This has always been held so. Then 
 he has bitten through his amber. It takes a muscular, ener- 
 getic fellow, and one with a good set of teeth, to do that. But
 
 J2 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLM1SB 
 
 if I am not mistaken I hear him upon the stair, so we shall 
 have something more interesting than his pipe to study." 
 
 An instant later our door opened, and a tall young man en- 
 tered the room. He was well but quietly dressed in a dark- 
 gray suit, and carried a brown wideawake in his hand. I 
 should have put him at about thirty, though he was really 
 some years older. 
 
 " I beg your pardon," said he, with some embarrassment ; 
 " I suppose I should have knocked. Yes, of course I should 
 have knocked. The fact is that I am a little upset, and you 
 must put it all down to that." He passed his hand over his 
 forehead like a man who is half dazed, and then fell rather 
 than sat down upon a chair. 
 
 " I can see that you have not slept for a night or two," said 
 Holmes, in his easy, genial way. " That tries a man's nerves 
 more than work, and more even than pleasure. May I ask 
 how I can help you ?" 
 
 " I wanted your advice, sir. I don't know what to do, and 
 my whole life seems to have gone to pieces." 
 
 " You wish to employ me as a consulting detective ?" 
 
 " Not that only. I want your opinion as a judicious man 
 as a man of the world. I want to know what I ought to do 
 next. I hope to God you'll be able to tell me." 
 
 He spoke in little, sharp, jerky outbursts, and it seemed to 
 me that to speak at all was very painful to him, and that his 
 will all through was overriding his inclinations. 
 
 " It's a very delicate thing," said he. " One does not like 
 to speak of one's domestic affairs to strangers. It seems 
 dreadful to discuss the conduct of one's wife with two men 
 whom I have never seen before. It's horrible to have to do 
 it. But I've got to the end of my tether, and I must have ad- 
 vice." 
 
 " My dear Mr. Grant Munro " began Holmes 
 
 Our visitor sprang from his chair. " What !" he cried, " you 
 know my name ?" 
 
 " If you wish to preserve your incognito," said Holmes,
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 33 
 
 smiling, " I would suggest that you cease to write your name 
 upon the lining of your hat, or else that you turn the crown 
 towards the person whom you are addressing. I was about to 
 say that my friend and I have listened to a good many strange 
 secrets in this room, and that we have had the good-fortune to 
 bring peace to many troubled souls. I trust that we may do 
 as much for you. Might I beg you, as time may prove to be 
 of importance, to furnish me with the facts of your case with- 
 out further delay ?" 
 
 Our visitor again passed his hand over his forehead, as if 
 he found it bitterly hard. From every gesture and expression 
 I could see that he was a reserved, self-contained man, with a 
 dash of pride in his nature, more likely to hide his wounds 
 than to expose them. Then suddenly, with a fierce gesture of 
 his closed hand, like one who throws reserve to the winds, he 
 began. 
 
 " The facts are these, Mr. Holmes," said he. " I am a mar- 
 ried man, and have been so for three years. During that time 
 my wife and I have loved each other as fondly and lived as 
 happily as any two that ever were joined. We have not had 
 a difference, not one, in thought or word or deed. And now, 
 since last Monday, there has suddenly sprung up a barrier 
 between us, and I find that there is something in her life and 
 in her thoughts of which I know as little as if she were the 
 woman who brushes by me in the street. We are estranged, 
 and I want to know why. 
 
 " Now there is one thing that I want to impress upon you 
 before I go any further, Mr. Holmes. Effie loves me. Don't 
 let there be any mistake about that. She loves me with her 
 whole heart and soul, and never more than now. I know it. 
 I feel it. I don't want to argue about that. A man can tell 
 easily enough when a woman loves him. But there's this 
 secret between us, and we can never be the same until it is 
 cleared." 
 
 " Kindly let me have the facts, Mr. Munro," said Holmes, 
 with some impatience.
 
 34 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " I'll tell you what I know about Effie's history. She was a 
 widow when I met her first, though quite young only twenty- 
 five. Her name then was Mrs. Hebron. She went out to 
 America when she was young, and lived in the town of At- 
 lanta, where she married this Hebron, who was a lawyer with 
 a good practice. They had one child, but the yellow fever 
 broke out badly in the place, and both husband and child died 
 of it. I have seen his death certificate. This sickened her of 
 America, and she came back to live with a maiden aunt at 
 Pinner, in Middlesex. I may mention that her husband had 
 left her comfortably off, and that she had a capital of about 
 four thousand five hundred pounds, which had been so well 
 invested by him that it returned an average of seven per cent. 
 She had only been six months at Pinner when I met her ; we 
 fell in love with each other, and we married a few weeks after- 
 wards. 
 
 " I am a hop merchant myself, and as I have an income of 
 seven or eight hundred, we found ourselves comfortably off, 
 and took a nice eighty-pound-a-year villa at Norbury. Our 
 little place was very countrified, considering that it is so close 
 to town. We had an inn and two houses a little above us, 
 and a single cottage at the other side of the field which faces 
 us, and except those there were no houses until you got half 
 way to the station. My business took me into town at cer- 
 tain seasons, but in summer I had less to do, and then in our 
 country home my wife and I were just as happy as could be 
 wished. I tell you that there never was a shadow between us 
 until this accursed affair began. 
 
 " There's one thing I ought to tell you before I go further. 
 When we married, my wife made over all her property to me 
 rather against my will, for I saw how awkward it would be 
 if my business affairs went wrong. However, she would have 
 it so, and it was done. Well, about six weeks ago she came 
 to me. 
 
 " ' Jack,' said she, ' when you took my money you said thai- 
 if ever I wanted any I was to ask you for it.'
 
 ' PIPES ARE 
 
 OCCASIONALLY OF EXTRAORDINARY INTEREST,' SAID HE."
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 35 
 
 " ' Certainly,' said I. ' It's all your own.' 
 
 " ' Well,' said she, ' I want a hundred pounds.' 
 
 "I was a bit staggered at this, for I had imagined it was 
 simply a ne/ dress or something of the kind that she was 
 after. 
 
 " ' What on earth for ?' I asked. 
 
 " ' Oh,' said she, in her playful way, ' you said that you 
 were only my banker, and bankers never ask questions, you 
 know.' 
 
 " ' If you really mean it, of course you shall have the 
 money,' said I. 
 
 " ' Oh, yes, I really mean it.' 
 
 " ' And you won't tell me what you want it for ?' 
 
 " ' Some day, perhaps, but not just at present, Jack.' 
 , " So I had to be content with that, though it was the first 
 time that there had ever been any secret between us. I gave 
 her a check, and I never thought any more of the matter. It 
 may have nothing to do with what came afterwards, but I 
 thought it only right to mention it. 
 
 " Well, I told you just now that there is a cottage not far 
 from our house. There is just a field between us, but to reach 
 it you have to go along the road and then turn down a lane. 
 Just beyond it is a nice little grove of Scotch firs, and I used 
 to be very fond of strolling down there, for trees are always a 
 neighborly kind of things. The cottage had been standing 
 empty this eight months, and it was a pity, for it was a pretty 
 two-storied place, with an old-fashioned porch and honey- 
 suckle about it. I have stood many a time and thought what 
 a neat little homestead it would make. 
 
 " Well, last Monday evening I was taking a stroll down that 
 way, when I met an empty van coming up the lane, and saw a 
 pile of carpets and things lying about on the grass-plot beside 
 the porch. It was clear that the cottage had at last been let. 
 I walked past it, and then stopping, as an idle man might, I 
 ran my eye over it, and wondered what sort of folk they were 
 who had come to live so near us. And as I looked I suddenly
 
 J6 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 became aware that a face was watching me out of one of the 
 upper windows. 
 
 " I don't know what there was about that face, Mr. Holmes, 
 but it seemed to send a chill right down my back. I was some 
 little way off, so that I could not make out the features, but 
 there was something unnatural and inhuman about the face. 
 That was the impression that I had, and I moved quickly for- 
 wards to get a nearer view of the person who was watching 
 me. But as I did so the face suddenly disappeared, so suddenly 
 that it seemed to have been plucked away into the darkness of 
 the room. I stood for five minutes thinking the business over, 
 and trying to analyze my impressions. I could not tell if the 
 face were that of a man or a woman. It had been too far 
 from me for that. But its color wa* what had impressed me 
 most. It was of a livid chalky white, and with something set 
 and rigid about it which was shockingly unnatural. So dis- 
 turbed was I that I determined to see a little more of the new 
 inmates of the cottage. I approached and knocked at the 
 door, which was instantly opened by a tall, gaunt woman with 
 a harsh, forbidding face. 
 
 "'What may you be wantin' ?' she asked, in a Northern 
 accent. 
 
 " ' I am your neighbor over yonder/ said I, nodding tow- 
 ards my house. ' I see that you have only just moved in, so 
 I thought that if I could be of any help to you in any ' 
 
 " ' Ay, we'll just ask ye when we want ye,' said she, and 
 shut the door in my face. Annoyed at the churlish rebuff, I 
 turned my back and walked home. All evening, though I 
 tried to think of other things, my mind would still turn to the 
 apparition at the window &nd the rudeness of the woman. I 
 determined to say nothing about the former to my wife, for 
 she is a nervous, highly strung woman, and I had no wish that 
 she should share the unpleasant impression which had been 
 produced upon myself. I remarked to her, however, before I 
 fell asleep, that the cottage was now occupied, to which she 
 returned no reply.
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 37 
 
 " I am usually an extremely sound sleeper. It has been a 
 standing jest in the family that nothing could ever wake me 
 during the night. And yet somehow on that particular night, 
 whether it may have been the slight excitement produced by 
 my little adventure or not I know not, but I slept much more 
 lightly than usual. Half in my dreams I was dimly conscious 
 that something was going on in the room, and gradually be- 
 came aware that my wife had dressed herself and was slipping 
 on her mantle and her bonnet. My lips were parted to mur- 
 mur out some sleepy words of surprise or remonstrance at this 
 untimely preparation, when suddenly my half-opened eyes fell 
 upon her face, illuminated by the candle-light, and astonish- 
 ment held me dumb. She wore an expression such as I had 
 never seen before such as I should have thought her incapa- 
 ble of assuming. She was deadly pale and breathing fast, 
 glancing furtively towards the bed as she fastened her mantle, 
 to see if she had disturbed me. Then, thinking that I was 
 still asleep, she slipped noiselessly from the room, and an in- 
 stant later I heard a sharp creaking which could only come 
 from the hinges of the front door. I sat up in bed and rapped 
 my knuckles against the rail to make certain that I was truly 
 awake. Then I took my watch from under the pillow. It was 
 three in the morning. What on this earth could my wife be 
 doing out on the country road at three in the morning ? 
 
 " I had sat for about twenty minutes turning the thing over 
 in my mind and trying to find some possible explanation. 
 The more I thought, the more extraordinary and inexplicable 
 did it appear. I was still puzzling over it when I heard the 
 door gently close again, and her footsteps coming up the 
 Stairs. 
 
 " ' Where in the world have you been, Effie ?' I asked as she 
 entered. 
 
 " She gave a violent start and a kind of gasping cry when I 
 spoke, and that cry and start troubled me more than all the 
 rest, for there was something indescribably guilty about them. 
 My wife had always been a woman of a frank, open nature,
 
 b MEMOIRS OP SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 and it gave me a chill to see her slinking into her own room, 
 and crying out and wincing when her own husband spoke to 
 her. 
 
 " ' You awake, Jack !' she cried, with a nervous laugh. 
 'Why, I thought that nothing could awake you.' 
 
 " ' Where have you been ?' I asked, more sternly. 
 
 " ' I don't wonder that you are surprised,' said she, and I 
 could see that her ringers were trembling as she undid the 
 fastenings of her mantle. ' Why, I never remember having 
 done such a thing in my life before. The fact is that I felt as 
 though I were choking, and had a perfect longing for a breath 
 of fresh air. I really think that I should have fainted if I had 
 not gone out I stood at the door for a few minutes, and now 
 I am quite myself again.' 
 
 " All the time that she was telling me this story she never 
 once looked in my direction, and her voice was quite unlike 
 her usual tones. It was evident to me that she was saying 
 what was false. I said nothing in reply, but turned my face 
 to the wall, sick at heart, with my mind filled with a thousand 
 venomous doubts and suspicions. What was it that my wife 
 was concealing from me ? Where had she been during that 
 strange expedition ? I felt that I should have no peace until 
 I knew, and yet I shrank from asking her again after once 
 she had told me what was false. All the rest of the night I 
 tossed and tumbled, framing theory after theory, each more 
 unlikely than the last. 
 
 " I should have gone to the City that day, but I was too dis- 
 turbed in my mind to be able to pay attention to business 
 matters. My wife seemed to be as upset as myself, and I 
 could see from the little questioning glances which she kept 
 shooting at me that she understood that I disbelieved her 
 statement, and that she was at her wits' end what to do. We 
 hardly exchanged a word during breakfast, and immediately 
 afterwards I went out for a walk, that I might think the mat- 
 ter out in the fresh morning air, 
 
 " I went as far as the Crystal Pa J are, spent an hour in the
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 39 
 
 grounds, and was back in Norbury by one o'clock. It hap- 
 pened that my way took me past the cottage, and I stopped 
 for an instant to look at the windows, and to see if I could 
 catch a glimpse of the strange face which had looked out at 
 me on the day before. As I stood there, imagine my sur- 
 prise, Mr. Holmes, when the door suddenly opened and my 
 wife walked out. 
 
 " I was struck dumb with astonishment at the sight of her ; 
 but my emotions were nothing to those which showed them- 
 selves upon her face when our eyes met. She seemed for an 
 instant to wish to shrink back inside the house again ; and 
 then, seeing how useless all concealment must be, she came 
 forward, with a very white face and frightened eyes which be- 
 lied the smile upon her lips. 
 
 '"Ah, Jack,' she said, ' I have just been in to see if I can 
 be of any assistance to our new neighbors. Why do you look 
 at me like that, Jack ? You are not angry with me ?' 
 
 "'So,' said I, 'this is where you went during the night.' 
 
 " ' What do you mean ?' she cried. 
 
 " ' You came here. I am sure of it. Who are these people, 
 that you should visit them at such an hour ?' 
 
 " ' I have not been here before.' 
 
 " ' How can you tell me what you know is false ?' I cried. 
 'Your very voice changes as you speak. When have I ever 
 had a secret from you ? I shall enter that cottage, and I shall 
 probe the matter to the bottom.' 
 
 " ' No, no, Jack, for God's sake !' she gasped, in incontrol- 
 lable emotion. Then, as I approached the door, she seized 
 my sleeve and pulled me back with convulsive strength. 
 
 " ' I implore you not to do this, Jack,' she cried. ' I swear 
 that I will tell you everything some day, but nothing but mis- 
 ery can come of it if you enter that cottage.' Then, as I tried 
 to shake her off, she clung to me in a frenzy of entreaty. 
 
 " ' Trust me, Jack !' she cried. ' Trust me only this once. 
 You will never have cause to regret it. You know that I 
 would not have a secret from you if it were not for your own
 
 40 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 sake. Our whole lives are at stake in this. If you come 
 home with me, all will be well. If you force your way into 
 that cottage, all is over between us.' 
 
 " There was such earnestness, such despair, in her manner 
 that her words arrested me, and I stood irresolute before the 
 door. 
 
 " ' I will trust you on one condition, and on one condition 
 only,' said I at last. ' It is that this mystery conies to an end 
 from now. You are at liberty to preserve your secret, but you 
 must promise me that there shall be no more nightly visits, 
 no more doings which are kept from my knowledge. I am 
 willing to forget those which are passed if you will promise 
 that there shall be no more in the future.' 
 
 " ' I was sure that you would trust me,' she cried, with a 
 great sigh of relief. ' It shall be just as you wish. Come 
 away oh, come away up to the house.' 
 
 " Still pulling at my sleeve, she led me away from the cot- 
 tage. As we went I glanced back, and there was that yellow 
 livid face watching us out of the upper window. What link 
 could there be between that creature and my wife ? Or how 
 could the coarse, rough woman whom I had seen the day be- 
 fore be connected with her ? It was a strange puzzle, and yet 
 I knew that my -mind could never know ease again until I had 
 solved it. 
 
 " For two days after this I stayed at home, and my wife ap- 
 peared to abide loyally by our engagement, for, as far as I 
 know, she never stirred out of the house. On the third day, 
 however, I had ample evidence that her solemn promise was 
 not enough to hold her back from this secret influence which 
 drew her away from her husband and her duty. 
 
 " I had gone into town on that day, but I returned by the 
 2.40 instead of the 3.36, which is my usual train. As I en- 
 tered the house the maid ran into the hall with a startled 
 face. 
 
 " ' Where is your mistress ?' I asked. 
 
 " ' I think that she has gone out for a walk,' she answered.
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 4! 
 
 "My mind was instantly filled with suspicion. I rushed 
 upstairs to make sure that she was not in the house. As I 
 did so I happened to glance out of one of the upper windows, 
 and saw the maid with whom I had just been speaking run- 
 ning across the field in the direction of the cottage. Then of 
 course I saw exactly what it all meant. My wife had gone 
 over there, and had asked the servant to call her if I should 
 return. Tingling with anger, I rushed down and hurried 
 across, determined to end the matter once and forever. I 
 saw my wife and the maid hurrying back along the lane, but I 
 did not stop to speak with them. In the cottage lay the secret 
 which was casting a shadow over my life. I vowed that, come 
 what might, it should be a secret no longer. I did not even 
 knock when I reached it, but turned the handle and rushed 
 into the passage. 
 
 " It was all still and quiet upon the ground floor. In the 
 kitchen a kettle was singing on the fire, and a large black cat 
 lay coiled up in the basket; but there was no sign of the 
 woman whom I had seen before. I ran into the other room, 
 but it was equally deserted. Then I rushed up the stairs, only 
 to find two other rooms empty and deserted at the top. There 
 was no one at all in the whole house. The furniture and pict- 
 ures were of the most common and vulgar description, save in 
 the one chamber at the window of which I had seen the strange 
 face. That was comfortable and elegant, and all my suspi- 
 cions rose into a fierce, bitter flame when I saw that on the 
 mantelpiece stood a copy of a full-length photograph of my 
 wife, which had been taken at my request only three months 
 ago. 
 
 " I stayed long enough to make certain that the house was 
 absolutely empty. Then I left it, feeling a weight at my heart 
 such as I had never had before. My wife came out into the 
 hall as I entered my house ; but I was too hurt and angry to 
 speak with her, and pushing past her, I made my way into my 
 study. She followed me, however, before I could close the
 
 42 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " 4 1 am sorry that I broke my promise, Jack,' said she ; ' but 
 if you knew all the circumstances I am sure that you would 
 forgive me.' 
 
 " ' Tell me everything, then,' said I. 
 
 " ' I cannot, Jack, I cannot,' she cried. 
 
 " ' Until you tell me who it is that has been living in that 
 cottage, and who it is to whom you have given that photo- 
 graph, there can never be any confidence between us,' said I, 
 and breaking away from her, I left the house. That was yes- 
 terday, Mr. Holmes, and I have not seen her since, nor do I 
 know anything more about this strange business. It is the 
 first shadow that has come between us, and it has so shaken 
 me that I do not know what I should do for the best. Sud- 
 denly this morning it occurred to me that you were the man 
 to advise me, so I have hurried to you now, and I place my- 
 self unreservedly in your hands. If there is any point which 
 I have not made clear, pray question me about it. But, above 
 all, tell me quickly what I am to do, for this misery is more 
 than I can bear." 
 
 Holmes and I had listened with the utmost interest to this 
 extraordinary statement, which had been delivered in the 
 jerky, broken fashion of a man who is under the influence of 
 extreme emotion. My companion sat silent now for some 
 time, with his chin upon his hand, lost in thought. 
 
 " Tell me," said he at last, " could you swear that this was 
 a man's face which you saw at the window ?" 
 
 " Each time that I saw it I was some distance away from 
 it, so that it is impossible for me to say." 
 
 " You appear, however, to have been disagreeably impressed 
 by it." 
 
 "It seemed to be of an unnatural color, and to have a 
 strange rigidity about the features. When I approached, it 
 vanished with a jsrk." 
 
 " How long is it since your wife asked you for a hundred 
 pounds ?" 
 
 " Nearly two months."
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 43 
 
 " Have you ever seen a photograph of her first husband ?" 
 
 " No ; there was a great fire at Atlanta very shortly after 
 his death, and all her papers were destroyed." 
 
 " And yet she had a certificate of death. You say that you 
 saw it." 
 
 " Yes ; she got a duplicate after the fire." 
 
 " Did you ever meet any one who knew her in America ?" 
 
 "No." 
 
 " Did she ever talk of revisiting the place ?" 
 
 " No." 
 
 " Or get letters from it ?" 
 
 " No." 
 
 " Thank you. I should like to think over the matter a lit- 
 tle now. If the cottage is now permanently deserted we may 
 have some difficulty. If, on the other hand, as I fancy is 
 more likely, the inmates were warned of your coming, and left 
 before you entered yesterday, then they may be back now, 
 and we should clear it all up easily. Let me advise you, then, 
 to return to Norbury, and to examine the windows of the cot- 
 tage again. If you have reason to believe that it is inhabited, 
 do not force your way in, but send a wire to my friend and 
 me. We shall be with you within an hour of receiving it, and 
 we shall then very soon get to the bottom of the business." 
 
 " And if it is still empty ?" 
 
 " In that case I shall come out to-morrow and talk it over 
 with you. Good-by; and, above all, do not fret until you 
 know that you really have a cause for it." 
 
 " I am afraid that this is a bad business, Watson," said my 
 companion, as he returned after accompanying Mr. Grant 
 Munro to the door. " What do you make of it ?" 
 
 " It had an ugly sound," I answered. 
 
 " Yes. There's blackmail in it, or I am much mistaken." 
 
 " And who is the blackmailer ?" 
 
 "Well, it must be the creature who lives in the only com- 
 fortable room in the place, and has her photograph above his 
 fireplace. Upon my word, Watson, there is something vrrv
 
 (4 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 attractive about that livid face at the window, and I would not 
 have missed the case for worlds." 
 
 " You have a theory ?" 
 
 " Yes, a provisional one. But I shall be surprised if it does 
 not turn out to be correct. This woman's first husband is in 
 that cottage." 
 
 " Why do you think so ?" 
 
 " How else can we explain her frenzied anxiety that her 
 second one should not enter it ? The facts, as I read them, 
 are something like this : This woman was married in America. 
 Her husband developed some hateful qualities ; or shall we 
 say that he contracted some loathsome disease, and became a 
 leper or an imbecile ? She flies from him at last, returns to 
 England, changes her name, and starts her life, as she thinks, 
 afresh. She has been married three years, and believes that 
 her position is quite secure, having shown her husband the 
 death certificate of some man whose name she kas assumed, 
 when suddenly her whereabouts is discovered by her first hus- 
 band ; or, we may suppose, by some unscrupulous woman who 
 has attached herself to the invalid. They write to the wife, 
 and threaten to come and expose her. She asks for a hundred 
 pounds, and endeavors to buy them off. They come in spite 
 of it, and when the husband mentions casually to the wife that 
 there are new-comers in the cottage, she knows in some way 
 that they are her pursuers. She waits until her husband is 
 asleep, and then she rushes down to endeavor to persuade 
 them to leave her in peace. Having no success, she goes 
 again next morning, and her husband meets her, as he has 
 told us, as she comes out. She promises him then not to go 
 there again, but two days afterwards the hope of getting rid of 
 those dreadful neighbors was too strong for her, and she made 
 another attempt, taking down with her the photograph which 
 had probably been demanded from her. In the midst of this 
 interview the maid rushed in to say that the master had come 
 home, on which the wife, knowing that he would come straight 
 down to the cottage, hurried the inmates out at the back door,
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 45 
 
 into the grove of fir-trees, probably, which was mentioned as 
 standing near. In this way he found the place deserted. I 
 shall be very much surprised, however, if it is still so when he 
 reconnoitres it this evening. What do you think of my the- 
 ory ?" 
 
 "It is all surmise/ 
 
 " But at least it covers all the facts. When new facts come 
 to our knowledge which cannot be covered by it, it will be 
 time enough to reconsider it. We can do nothing more until 
 we have a message from our friend at Norbury." 
 
 But we had not a very long time to wait for that. It came 
 just as we had finished our tea. " The cottage is still ten- 
 anted," it said. '" Have seen the face again at the window. 
 Will meet the seven-o'clock train, and will take no steps until 
 you arrive." 
 
 He was waiting on the platform when we stepped out, and 
 we could see in the light of the station lamps that he was very 
 pale, and quivering with agitation. 
 
 "They are still there, Mr. Holmes," said he, laying his 
 hand hard upon my friend's sleeve. " I saw lights in the 
 cottage as I came down. We shall settle it now once and for 
 all." 
 
 " What is your plan, then ?" asked Holmes, as he walked 
 down the dark tree-lined road. 
 
 " I am going to force my way in and see for myself who is 
 in the house. I wish you both to be there as witnesses." 
 
 " You are quite determined to do this, in spite of your 
 wife's warning that it is better that you should not solve the 
 mystery ?" 
 
 " Yes, I am determined." 
 
 " W 7 ell, I think that you are in the right. Any truth is 
 better than indefinite doubt. We had better go up at once. 
 Of course, legally, we are putting ourselves hopelessly in the 
 wrong; but I think that it is worth it." 
 
 It was a very dark night, and a thin rain began to fall as
 
 46 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 we turned from the high -road into a narrow lane, deeply 
 rutted, with hedges on either side. Mr. Grant Munro pushed 
 impatiently forward, however, and we stumbled after him as 
 best we could. 
 
 " There are the lights of my house," he murmured, point- 
 ing to a glimmer among the trees. " And here is the cottage 
 which I am going to enter." 
 
 We turned a corner in the lane as he spoke, and there was 
 the building close beside us. A yellow bar falling across the 
 black foreground showed that the door was not quite closed, 
 and one window in the upper story was brightly illuminated. 
 As we looked, we saw a dark blur moving across the blind. 
 
 " There is that creature !" cried Grant Munro. " You can 
 see for yourselves that some one is there. Now follow me, 
 and we shall soon know all." 
 
 We approached the door ; but suddenly a woman appeared 
 out of the shadow and stood in the golden track of the lamp- 
 light. I could not see her face in the darkness, but her arms 
 were thrown out in an attitude of entreaty. 
 
 " For God's sake, don't, Jack !" she cried. " I had a pre- 
 sentiment that you would come this evening. Think better of 
 it, dear ! Trust me again, and you will never have cause to 
 regret it." 
 
 " I have trusted you too long, Effie," he cried, sternly. 
 " Leave go of me ! I must pass you. My friends and I are 
 going to settle this matter once and forever !" He pushed 
 her to one side, and we followed closely after him. As he 
 threw the door open an old woman ran out in front of him 
 and tried to bar his passage, but he thrust her back, and an 
 instant afterwards we were all upon the stairs. Grant Munro 
 rushed into the lighted room at the top, and we entered at his 
 heels. 
 
 It was a cosey, well-furnished apartment, with two candles 
 burning upon the table and two upon the mantelpiece. In 
 the corner, stooping over a desk, there sat what appeared to 
 be a little girl. Her face was turned away as we entered, but
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 47 
 
 we could see that she was dressed in a red frock, and that 
 she had long white gloves on. As she whisked round to us, 
 I gave a cry of surprise and horror. The face which she 
 turned towards us was of the strangest livid tint, and the 
 features were absolutely devoid of any expression. An in- 
 stant later the mystery was explained. Holmes, with a laugh, 
 passed his hand behind the child's ear, a mask peeled off from 
 her countenance, and there was a little coal-black negress, 
 with all her white teeth flashing in amusement at our amazed 
 faces. I burst out laughing, out of sympathy with her mer- 
 riment ; but Grant Munro stood staring, with his hand clutch- 
 ing his throat. 
 
 " My God !" he cried. " What can be the meaning of 
 this ?" 
 
 " I will tell you the meaning of it," cried the lady, sweep- 
 ing into the room with a proud, set face. " You have forced 
 me, against my own judgment, to tell you, and now we must 
 both make the best of it. My husband died at Atlanta. My 
 child survived." 
 
 14 Your child ?" 
 
 She drew a large silver locket from her bosom. " You have 
 never seen this open." 
 
 " I understood that it did not open." 
 
 She touched a spring, and the front hinged back. There 
 was a portrait withki of a man strikingly handsome and intel- 
 ligent-looking, but bearing unmistakable signs upon his feat- 
 ures of his African descent. 
 
 " That is John Hebron, of Atlanta," said the lady, " and a 
 nobler man never walked the earth. I cut myself off from 
 my race in order to wed him, but never once while he lived 
 did I for an instant regret it. It was our misfortune that our 
 only child took after his people rather than mine. It is often 
 so in such matches, and little Lucy is darker far than ever her 
 father was. But dark or fair, she is my own dear little girlie, 
 and her mother's pet." The little creature ran across at the 
 words and nestled up against the lady's dress. " When I left
 
 t8 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK. HOLMES 
 
 her in America," she continued, " it was only because hei 
 health was weak, and the change might have done her harm. 
 She was given to the care of a faithful Scotch woman who had 
 once been our servant. Never for an instant did I dream of 
 disowning her as my child. But when chance threw you in 
 my way, Jack, and I learned to love you, I feared to tell you 
 about my child. God forgive me, I feared that I should lose 
 you, and I had not the courage to tell you. I had to choose 
 between you, and in my weakness I turned away from my own 
 little girl. For three years I have kept her existence a secret 
 from you, but I heard from the nurse, and I knew that all was 
 well with her. At last, however, there came an overwhelming 
 desire to see the child once more. I struggled against it, but 
 in vain. Though I knew the danger, I determined to have the 
 child over, if it were but for a few weeks. I sent a hundred 
 pounds to the nurse, and I gave her instructions about this 
 cottage, so that she might come as a neighbor, without my 
 appearing to be in any way connected with her. I pushed 
 my precautions so far as to order her to keep the child in 
 the house during the daytime, and to cover up her little face 
 and hands so that even those who might see her at the win- 
 dow should not gossip about there being a black child in 
 the neighborhood. If I had been less cautious I might have 
 been more wise, but I was half crazy with fear that you 
 should learn the truth. 
 
 " It was you who told me first that the cottage was occu- 
 pied. I should have waited for the morning, but I could not 
 sleep for excitement, and so at last I slipped out, knowing 
 how difficult it is to awake you. But you saw me go, and that 
 was the beginning of my troubles. Next day you had my 
 secret at your mercy, but you nobly refrained from pursuing 
 your advantage. Three days later, however, the nurse and 
 child only just escaped from the back door as you rushed in 
 at the front one. And now to-night you at last know all, and 
 I ask you what is to become of us, my child and me ?" She 
 clasped her hands and waited for an answer.
 
 THE YELLOW FACE 49 
 
 It was a long ten minutes before Grant Munro broke the 
 silence, and when his answer came it was one of which I love 
 to think. He lifted the little child, kissed her, and then, still 
 carrying her, he held his other hand out to his wife and turned 
 towards the door. 
 
 " We can talk it over more comfortably at home," said he. 
 " I am not a very good man, Effie, but I think that I am a 
 better one than you have given me credit for being." 
 
 Holmes and I followed them down the lane, and my friend 
 plucked at my sleeve as we came out. 
 
 " I think," said he, " that we shall be of more use in Lon- 
 don than in Norbury." 
 
 Not another word did he say of the case until late that 
 night, when he was turning away, with his lighted candle, for 
 his bedroom. 
 
 " Watson," said he, " if it should ever strike you that I am 
 getting a little over -confident in my powers, or giving less 
 pains to a case than it deserves, kindly whisper ' Norbury ' ID 
 my ear, and I shall be infinitely obliged to you."
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK 
 
 [HORTLY after my marriage I had bought a 
 connection in the Paddington district. Old Mr, 
 Farquhar, from whom I purchased it, had at one 
 time an excellent general practice , but his age, 
 and an affliction of the nature of St. Vitus's 
 dance from which he suffered, had very much thinned it. 
 The public not unnaturally goes on the principle that he 
 who would heal others must himself be whole, and looks 
 askance at the curative powers of the man whose own case 
 is beyond the reach of his drugs. Thus as my predecessor 
 weakened his practice declined, until when I purchased it 
 from him it had sunk from twelve hundred to little more 
 than three hundred a year. I had confidence, however, in my 
 own youth and energy, and was convinced that in a very few 
 years the concern would be as flourishing as ever. 
 
 For three months after taking over the practice I was kept 
 very closely at work, and saw little of my friend Sherlock 
 Holmes, for I was too busy to visit Baker Street, and he sel- 
 dom went anywhere himself save upon professional business. 
 I was surprised, therefore, when, one morning in June, as I sat 
 reading the British Medical Journal after breakfast, I heard 
 a ring at the bell, followed by the high, somewhat strident 
 tones of my old companion's voice. 
 
 " Ah, my dear Watson," said he, striding into the room, ** I 
 am very delighted to see you ! I trust that Mrs. Watson has 
 entirely recovered from all the little excitements connected 
 with our adventure of the Siarn of Four."
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK 51 
 
 "Thank you, we are both very well," said I, shaking him 
 warmly by the hand. 
 
 "And I hope, also," he continued, sitting down in the 
 rocking-chair, "that the cares of medical practice have not 
 entirely obliterated the interest which you used to take in 
 our little deductive problems." 
 
 "On the contrary," I answered, "it was only last night 
 that I was looking over my old notes, and classifying some 
 of our past results." 
 
 "I trust that you don't consider your collection closed." 
 
 "Not at all. I should wish nothing better than to hav; 
 some more of such experiences." 
 
 " To-day, for example ?" 
 
 "Yes, to-day, if you like." 
 
 " And as far off as Birmingham ?" 
 
 " Certainly, if you wish it" 
 
 " And the practice ?" 
 
 " I do my neighbor's when he goes. He is always ready 
 to work off the debt." 
 
 " Ha ! nothing could be better," said Holmes, leaning back 
 in his chair and looking keenly at me from under his half- 
 dosed lids. "I perceive that you have been unwell lately. 
 Summer colds are always a little trying." 
 
 "I was confined to the house by a severe chill for three 
 days last week. I thought, however, that I had cast off every 
 trace of it." 
 
 a So you have. You look remarkably robust." 
 
 ** How, then, did you know of it ?" 
 
 " My dear fellow, you know my methods." 
 
 * Vou deduced it, then ?" 
 
 " Certainly." 
 
 * And from what ?" 
 
 ** From your slippers." 
 
 I glanced down at the new patent-leathers which I was 
 wearing. " How on earth " I began, but Holmes answered 
 my question before it was asked.
 
 52 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " Your slippers are new," he said. " You could not have 
 had them more than a few weeks. The soles which you are 
 at this moment presenting to me are slightly scorched. For 
 a moment I thought they might have got wet and been burned 
 in the drying. But near the instep there is a small circular 
 wafer of paper with the shopman's hieroglyphics upon it. 
 Damp would of course have removed this. You had, then, 
 been sitting with your feet outstretched to the fire, which a 
 man would hardly do even in so wet a June as this if he were 
 in his full health." 
 
 Like all Holmes's reasoning the thing seemed simplicity 
 itself when it was once explained. He read the thought upon 
 my features, and his smile had a tinge of bitterness. 
 
 " I am afraid that I rather give myself away when I explain," 
 said he. " Results without causes are much more impressive. 
 You are ready to come to Birmingham, then ?" 
 
 " Certainly. What is the case ?" 
 
 " You shall hear it all in the train. My client is outside in 
 a four-wheeler. Can you come at once ?" 
 
 " In an instant." I scribbled a note to my neighbor, rushed 
 upstairs to explain the matter to my wife, and joined Holmes 
 upon the door-step. 
 
 " Your neighbor is a doctor," said he, nodding at the brass 
 plate. 
 
 " Yes ; he bought a practice as I did." 
 
 " An old-established one ?" 
 
 "Just the same as mine. Both have been ever since the 
 houses were built." 
 
 "Ah ! then you got hold of the best of the two." 
 
 " I think I did. But how do you know ?" 
 
 " By the steps, my boy. Yours are worn three inches 
 deeper than his. But this gentleman in the cab is my client, 
 Mr. Hall Pycroft. Allow me to introduce you to him. Whip 
 your horse up, cabby, for we have only just time to catch our 
 train." 
 
 The man whom I found myself facing was a well-built,
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK 
 
 53 
 
 fresh-complexioned young fellow, with a frank, honest face 
 and a slight, crisp, yellow moustache. He wore a very shiny 
 top hat and a neat suit of sober black, which made him look 
 what he was a smart young City man, of the class who have 
 been labelled cockneys, but who give us our crack volunteer 
 regiments, and who turn out more fine athletes and sports- 
 men than any body of men in these islands. His round, 
 ruddy face was naturally full of cheeriness, but the corners of 
 his mouth seemed to me to be pulled down in a half-comical 
 distress. It was not, however, until we were all in a first-class 
 carriage and well started upon our journey to Birmingham 
 that I was able to learn what the trouble was which had driven 
 him to Sherlock Holmes. 
 
 " We have a clear run here of seventy minutes," Holmes 
 remarked. " I want you, Mr. Hall Pycroft, to tell my friend 
 your very interesting experience exactly as you have told it to 
 me, or with more detail if possible. It will be of use to me 
 to hear the succession of events again. It is a case, Watson, 
 which may prove to have something in it, or may prove to 
 have nothing, but which, at least, presents those unusual and 
 outrt features which are as dear to you as they are to me. 
 Now, Mr. Pycroft, I shall not interrupt you again." 
 
 Our young companion looked at me with a twinkle in his 
 eye. 
 
 The worst of the story is, said he, that I show myself up 
 as such a confounded fool. Of course it may work out all 
 right, and I don't see that I could have done otherwise ; but 
 if I have lost my crit> and get nothing in exchange I shall feel 
 what a soft Johnnie I have been. I'm not very good at tell- 
 ing a story, Dr. Watson, but it is like this with me : 
 
 I used to have a billet at Coxon & Woodhouse's, of Dra- 
 per's Gardens, but they were let in early in the spring through 
 the Venezuelan loan, as no doubt you remember, and came a 
 nasty cropper. I had been with them five years, and old 
 Coxon gave me a ripping good testimonial when the smash 
 came, but of course we clerks were all turned adrift, the twenty-
 
 54 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 seven of us. I tried here and tried there, but there were 
 lots of other chaps on the same lay as myself, and it was a 
 perfect frost for a long time. I had been taking three pounds 
 a week at Coxon's, and I had saved about seventy of them, 
 but I soon worked my way through that and out at the other 
 end. I was fairly at the end of my tether at last, and could 
 hardly find the stamps to answer the advertisements or the 
 envelopes to stick them to. I had worn out my boots pad 
 dling up office stairs, and I seemed just as far from getting a 
 billet as ever. 
 
 At last I saw a vacancy at Mawson & WilKams's, the great 
 stock-broking firm in Lombard Street. I dare say E. C. is not 
 much in your line, but I can tell you that this is about the 
 richest house in London. The advertisement was to be an- 
 swered by letter only. I sent in my testimonial and applica- 
 tion, but without the least hope of getting it. Back came an 
 answer by return, saying that if I would appear next Monday 
 I might take over my new duties at once, provided that my 
 appearance was satisfactory. No one knows how these things 
 are worked. Some people say that the manager just plunges 
 his hand into the heap and takes the first that comes. Any- 
 how it was my innings that time, and I don't ever wish to feel 
 better pleased. The screw was a pound a week rise, and the 
 duties just about the same as at Coxon's. 
 
 And now I come to the queer part of the business. I was 
 in diggings out Hampstead way, 17 Potter's Terrace. Well, 
 I was sitting doing a smoke that very evening after I had 
 been promised the appointment, when up came my landlady 
 with a card which had " Arthur Pinner, Financial Agent," 
 printed upon it. I had never heard the name before and 
 could not imagine what he wanted with me ; but, of course, I 
 asked her to show him up. In he walked, a middle-sized, 
 dark-haired, dark-eyed, black-bearded man, with a touch of 
 the Sheeny about his nose. He had a brisk kind of way with 
 him and spoke sharply, like a man who knew the value of 
 time.
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK CC 
 
 Mr. Hall Pycroft, I believe ?" said he. 
 
 " Yes, sir," I answered, pushing a chair towards him. 
 
 " Lately engaged at Coxon & Woodhouse's ?" 
 
 " Yes, sir." 
 
 " And now on the staff of Mawson's." 
 
 " Quite so." 
 
 " Well," said he, " the fact is that I have heard some really 
 extraordinary stories about your financial ability. You rt- 
 member Parker, who used to be Coxon's manager ? He can 
 never say enough about it." 
 
 Of course I was pleased to hear this. I had always been 
 pretty sharp in the office, but I had never dreamed that I was 
 talked about in the City in this fashion. 
 
 " You have a good memory ?" said he. 
 
 " Pretty fair," I answered, modestly. 
 
 " Have you kept in touch with the market while you have 
 been out of work ?" he asked. 
 
 " Yes. I read the stock-exchange list every morning." 
 
 "Now that shows real application!" he cried. "That is 
 the way to prosper ! You won't mind my testing you. will 
 you ? Let me see. How are Ayrshires ?" 
 
 " A hundred and six and a quarter to a hundred and five 
 and seven-eighths." 
 
 " And New Zealand consolidated ?" 
 
 "A hundred and four." 
 
 " And British Broken Hills ?" 
 
 " Seven to seven- an d-six." 
 
 " Wonderful !" he cried, with his hands up. " This quite 
 fits in with all that I had heard. My boy, my boy, you are 
 very much too good to be a clerk at Mawson's !" 
 
 This outburst rather astonished me, as you can think. 
 " Well," said I, " other people don't think quite so much of 
 me as you seem to do, Mr. Pinner. I had a hard enough fight 
 to get this berth, and I am very glad to have it." 
 
 " Pooh, man ; you should soar above it. You are not in 
 your true sphere. Now, I'll tell you how it stands with me.
 
 r^ MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 What I have to offer is little enough when measured by your 
 ability, but when compared with Mawson's, it's light to dark. 
 Let me see. When do you go to Mawson's ?" 
 
 " On Monday." 
 
 " Ha, ha ! I think I would risk a little sporting flutter that 
 you don't go there at all." 
 
 " Not go to Mawson's ?" 
 
 " No, sir. By that day you will be the business manager 
 of the Franco-Midland Hardware Company, Limited, with a 
 hundred and thirty-four branches in the towns and villages of 
 France, not counting one in Brussels and one in San Remo." 
 
 This took my breath away. " I never heard of it," said I. 
 
 " Very likely not. It has been kept very quiet, for the cap- 
 ital was all privately subscribed, and it's too good a thing to 
 let the public into. My brother, Harry Pinner, is promoter, 
 and joins the board after allotment as managing director. 
 He knew I was in the swim down here, and asked me to pick 
 up a good man cheap. A young, pushing man with plenty of 
 snap about him. Parker spoke of you, and that brought me 
 here to-night. We can only offer you a beggarly five hundred 
 to start with." 
 
 " Five hundred a year !" I shouted. 
 
 " Only that at the beginning ; but you are to have an over- 
 riding commission of one per cent, on all business done by 
 your agents, and you may take my word for it that this will 
 come to more than your salary." 
 
 " But I know nothing about hardware." 
 
 " Tut, my boy ; you know about figures." 
 
 My head buzzed, and I could hardly sit still in my chair. 
 But suddenly a little chill of doubt came upon me. 
 
 " I must be frank with you," said I. " Mawson only gives 
 me two hundred, but Mawson is safe. Now, really, I know 
 so little about your company that " 
 
 " Ah, smart, smart !" he cried, in a kind of ecstasy of de- 
 light. " You are the very man for us. You are not to be 
 talked over, and quite right, too. Now, here's a note for a
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK $7 
 
 hundred pounds, and if you think that we can do business 
 you may just slip it into your pocket as an advance upon 
 your salary." 
 
 " That is very handsome," said I. " When should I take 
 over my new duties ?" 
 
 " Be in Birmingham to-morrow at one," said he. " I have a 
 note in my pocket here which you will take to my brother. 
 You will find him at ia6b Corporation Street, where the tem- 
 porary offices of the company are situated. Of course he 
 must confirm your engagement, but between ourselves it will 
 be all right." 
 
 " Really, I hardly know how to express my gratitude, Mr. 
 Pinner," said I. 
 
 "Not at all, my boy. You have only got your deserts. 
 There are one or two small things mere formalities which 
 I must arrange with you. You have a bit of paper beside 
 you there. Kindly write upon it ' I am perfectly willing to 
 act as business manager to the Franco-Midland Hardware 
 Company, Limited, at a minimum salary of ,500." 
 
 I did as he asked, and he put the paper in his pocket. 
 
 " There is one other detail," said he. " What do you intend 
 to do about Mawson's ?" 
 
 I had forgotten all about Mawson's in my joy. " I'll write 
 and resign," said I. 
 
 " Precisely what I don't want you to do. I had a row over 
 you with Mawson's manager. I had gone up to ask him 
 about you, and he was very offensive ; accused me of coaxing 
 you away from the service of the firm, and that sort of thing. 
 At last I fairly lost my temper. ' If you want good men you 
 should pay them a good price,' said I. 
 
 " ' He would rather have our small price than your big 
 one,' said he. 
 
 " ' I'll lay you a nver,' said I, 'that when he has my offer 
 you'll never so much as hear from him again.' 
 
 " ' Done !' said he. ' We picked him out of the gutter, and 
 ke won't leave us so easily.' Those were his very words."
 
 58 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " The impudent scoundrel !" I cried. " I've never so much 
 as seen him in my life. Why should I consider him in any 
 way ? I shall certainly not write if you would rather I didn't." 
 
 " Good ! That's a promise," said he, rising from his chair. 
 " Well, I'm delighted to have got so good a man for my brother. 
 Here's your advance of a hundred pounds, and here is the 
 letter. Make a note of the address, 1260 Corporation Street, 
 and remember that one o'clock to-morrow is your appoint- 
 ment. Good-night ; and may you have all the fortune that 
 you deserve !" 
 
 That's just about all that passed between us, as near as I 
 can remember. You can imagine, Dr. Watson, how pleased 
 I was at such an extraordinary bit of good-fortune. I sat up 
 half the night hugging myself over it, and next day I was off 
 to Birmingham in a train that would take me in plenty time 
 for my appointment. I took my things to a hotel in New 
 Street, and then I made my way to the address which had 
 been given me. 
 
 It was a quarter of an hour before my time, but I thought 
 that would make no difference. i26b was a passage between 
 two large shops, which led to a winding stone stair, from 
 which there were many flats, let as offices to companies or 
 professional men. The names of the occupants were painted 
 at the bottom on the wall, but there was no such name as 
 the Franco-Midland Hardware Company, Limited. I stood 
 for a few minutes with my heart in my boots, wondering 
 whether the whole thing was an elaborate hoax or not, when 
 up came a man and addressed me. He was very like the 
 chap I had seen the night before, the same figure and voice, 
 but he was clean-shaven and his hair was lighter. 
 
 " Are you Mr. Hall Pycroft ?" he asked. 
 
 "Yes," said I. 
 
 " Oh ! I was expecting you, but you are a trifle before your 
 time. I had a note from my brother this morning in which 
 he sang your praises very loudly." 
 
 " I was just looking for the offices when you came."
 
 THE STOCK-BROKElfS CLERK 59 
 
 "We have not got our name up yet, for we only secured 
 these temporary premises last week. Come up with me, and 
 we will talk the matter over." 
 
 I followed him to the top of a very lofty stair, and there, 
 right under the slates, were a couple of empty, dusty little 
 rooms, uncarpeted and uncurtained, into which he led me. I 
 had thought of a great office with shining tables and rows of 
 clerks, such as I was used to, and I dare say I stared rather 
 straight at the two deal chairs and one little table, which, 
 with a ledger and a waste-paper basket, made up the whole 
 furniture. 
 
 " Don't be disheartened, Mr. Pycroft," said my new ac- 
 quaintance, seeing the length of my face. "Rome was not 
 built in a day, and we have lots of money at our backs, though 
 we don't cut much dash yet in offices. Pray sit down, and 
 let me have your letter." 
 
 I gave it to him, and he read it over very carefully. 
 
 " You seem to have made a vast impression upon my broth- 
 er Arthur," said he ; " and I know that he is a pretty shrewd 
 judge. He swears by London, you know ; and I by Birming- 
 ham ; but this time I shall follow his advice. Pray consider 
 yourself definitely engaged." 
 
 " What are my duties ?" I asked. 
 
 " You will eventually manage the great depot in Paris, 
 which will pour a flood of English crockery into the shops of 
 a hundred and thirty-four agents in France. The purchase 
 will be completed in a week, and meanwhile you will remain 
 in Birmingham and make yourself useful." 
 
 "How?" 
 
 For answer, he took a big red book out of a drawer. 
 
 " This is a directory of Paris," said he, " with the trades 
 after the names of the people. I want you to take it home 
 with you, and to mark off all the hardware-sellers, with their 
 addresses. It would be of the greatest use to me to have 
 them." 
 
 " Surely there are classified lists ?" I
 
 60 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " Not reliable ones. Their system is different from ours. 
 Stick at it, and let me have the lists by Monday, at twelve. 
 Good-day, Mr. Pycroft. If you continue to show zeal and 
 intelligence you will find the company a good master." 
 
 I went back to the hotel with the big book under my arm, 
 and with very conflicting feelings in my breast. On the one 
 hand, I was definitely engaged and had a hundred pounds in 
 my pocket ; on the other, the look of the offices, the absence 
 of name on the wall, and other of the points which would 
 strike a business man had left a bad impression as to the po- 
 sition of my employers. However, come what might, I had 
 my money, so I settled down to my task. All Sunday I was 
 kept hard at work, and yet by Monday I had only got as far 
 as H. I went round to my employer, found him in the same 
 dismantled kind of room, and was told to keep at it until 
 Wednesday, and then come again. On Wednesday it was still 
 unfinished, so I hammered away until Friday that is, yester- 
 day. Then I brought it round to Mr. Harry Pinner. 
 
 " Thank you very much," said he ; "I fear that I under- 
 rated the difficulty of the task. This list will be of very ma- 
 terial assistance to me." 
 
 " It took some time," said I. 
 
 " And now," said he, " I want you to make a list of the 
 furniture shops, for they all sell crockery." 
 
 "Very good." 
 
 u And you can come up to-morrow evening, at seven, and 
 let me know how you are getting on. Don't overwork your 
 self. A couple of hours at Day's Music Hall in the evening 
 would do you no harm after your labors." He laughed as 
 he spoke, and I saw with a thrill that his second tooth upon 
 the left-hand side had been very badly stuffed with gold. 
 
 Sherlock Holmes rubbed his hands with delight, and I 
 stared with astonishment at our client. 
 
 " You may well look surprised, Dr. Watson ; but it is this 
 way," said he : " When I was speaking to the other chap in
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK 6x 
 
 London, at the time that he laughed at my not going to Maw- 
 son's, I happened to notice that his tooth was stuffed in this 
 very identical fashion. The glint of the gold in each case 
 caught my eye, you see. When I put that with the voice and 
 figure being the same, and only those things altered which 
 might be changed by a razor or a wig, I could not doubt that 
 it was the same man. Of course you expect two brothers to 
 be alike, but not that they should have the same tooth stuffed 
 in the same way. He bowed me out, and I found myself in 
 the street, hardly knowing whether I was on my head or my 
 heels. Back I went to my hotel, put my head in a basin of 
 cold water, and tried to think it out. Why had he sent me 
 from London to Birmingham ? Why had he got there before 
 me ? And why had he written a letter from himself to him- 
 self ? It was altogether too much for me, and I could make 
 no sense of it. And then suddenly it struck me that what was 
 dark to me might be very light to Mr. Sherlock Holmes. I 
 had just time to get up to town by the night train to see him 
 this morning, and to bring you both back with me to Bir- 
 mingham." 
 
 There was a pause after the stock-broker's clerk had con- 
 cluded his surprising experience. Then Sherlock Holmes 
 cocked his eye at me, leaning back on the cushions with a 
 pleased and yet critical face, like a connoisseur who has just 
 taken his first sip of a comet vintage. 
 
 " Rather fine, Watson, is it not ?" said he. " There are 
 points in it which please me. I think that you will agree 
 with me that an interview with Mr. Arthur Harry Pinner in 
 the temporary offices of the Franco-Midland Hardware Com- 
 pany, Limited, would be a rather interesting experience for 
 both of us." 
 
 " But how can we do it ?" I asked. 
 
 "Oh, easily enough," said Hall Pycroft, cheerily. "You 
 are two friends of mine who are in want of a billet, and what 
 could be more natural than that I should bring you both 
 round to the managing director ?"
 
 62 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 "Quite so, of course," said Holmes. "I should like to 
 have a look at the gentleman, and see if I can make anything 
 of his little game. What qualities have you, my friend, which 
 would make your services so valuable ? or is it possible 
 that " He began biting his nails and staring blankly out 
 of the window, and we hardly drew another word from him 
 until we were in New Street. 
 
 At seven o'clock that evening we were walking, the three 
 of us, down Corporation Street to the company's offices. 
 
 " It is no use our being at all before our time," said our 
 client. " He only comes there to see me, apparently, for the 
 place is deserted up to the very hour he names." 
 
 "That is suggestive," remarked Holmes. 
 
 "By Jove, I told you so!" cried the clerk. "That's he 
 walking ahead of us there." 
 
 He pointed to a smallish, dark, well-dressed man who was 
 bustling along the other side of the road. As we watched 
 him he looked across at a boy who was bawling out the latest 
 edition of the evening paper, and running over among the 
 cabs and busses, he bought one from him. Then, clutching it 
 in his hand, he vanished through a door-way. 
 
 "There he goes!" cried Hall Pycroft. "These are the 
 company's offices into which he has gone. Come with me, 
 and I'll fix it up as easily as possible." 
 
 Following his lead, we ascended five stories, until we found 
 ourselves outside a half -opened door, at which our client 
 tapped. A voice within bade us enter, and we entered a bare, 
 unfurnished room such as Hall Pycroft had described. At 
 the single table sat the man whom we had seen in the street, 
 with his evening paper spread out in front of him, and as he 
 looked up at us it seemed to me that I had never looked upon 
 a face which bore such marks of grief, and of something be- 
 yond grief of a horror such as comes to few men in a life- 
 time. His brow glistened with perspiration, his cheeks were 
 of the dull, dead white of a fish's belly, and his eyes were wild 
 and staring. He looked at his clerk as though he failed to
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK 63 
 
 recognize him, and I could see by the astonishment depicted 
 upon our conductor's face that this was by no means the 
 usual appearance of his employer. 
 
 " You look ill, Mr. Pinner !" he exclaimed. 
 
 " Yes, I am not very well," answered the other, making 
 obvious efforts to pull himself together, and licking his dry 
 lips before he spoke. " Who are these gentlemen whom you 
 have brought with you ?" 
 
 " One is Mr. Harris, of Bermondsey, and the other is Mr. 
 Price, of this town," said our clerk, glibly. " They are friends 
 of mine and gentlemen of experience, but they have been out 
 of a place for some little time, and they hoped that perhaps 
 you might find an opening for them in the company's employ- 
 ment." 
 
 " Very possibly ! very possibly !" cried Mr. Pinner with a 
 ghastly smile. " Yes, I have no doubt that we shall be able 
 to do something for you. What is your particular line, Mr. 
 Harris ?" 
 
 " I am an accountant," said Holmes. 
 
 " Ah yes, we shall want something of the sort. And you, 
 Mr. Price ?" 
 
 " A clerk," said I. 
 
 " I have every hope that the company may accommodate 
 you. I will let you know about it as soon as we come to any 
 conclusion. And now I beg that you will go. For God's sake 
 leave me to myself !" 
 
 These last words were shot out of him, as though the con- 
 straint which he was evidently setting upon himself had sud- 
 denly and utterly burst asunder. Holmes and I glanced at 
 each other, and Hall Pycroft took a step towards the table. 
 
 " You forget, Mr. Pinner, that I am here by appointment to 
 receive some directions from you," said he. 
 
 " Certainly, Mr. Pycroft, certainly," the other resumed in a 
 calmer tone. " You may wait here a moment ; and there is 
 no reason why your friends should not wait with you. I will 
 be entirely at your service in three minutes, if I might tres-
 
 64 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 pass upon your patience so far." He rose with a very court- 
 eous air, and, bowing to us, he passed out through a door at 
 the farther end of the room, which he closed behind him. 
 
 " What now ?" whispered Holmes. " Is he giving us the 
 slip ?" 
 
 " Impossible," answered Pycroft. 
 
 " Why so ?" 
 
 " That door leads into aa inner room." 
 
 " There is no exit ?" 
 
 " None." 
 
 " Is it furnished ?" 
 
 " It was empty yesterday." 
 
 " Then what on earth can he be doing ? There is some- 
 thing which I don't understand in this matter. If ever a man 
 was three parts mad with terror, that man's name is Pinner- 
 What can have put the shivers on him ?" 
 
 " He suspects that we are detectives," I suggested. 
 
 " That's it," cried Pycroft. 
 
 Holmes shook his head. " He did not turn pale. He was 
 pale when we entered the room," said he. " It is just possi- 
 ble that" 
 
 His words were interrupted by a sharp rat-tat from the 
 direction of the inner door. 
 
 " What the deuce is he knocking at his own door for ?" 
 cried the clerk. 
 
 Again and much louder came the rat-tat-tat. We all gazed 
 expectantly at the closed door. Glancing at Holmes, I saw 
 his face turn rigid, and he leaned forward in intense excite- 
 ment. Then suddenly came a low guggling, gargling sound, 
 and a brisk drumming upon wood-work. Holmes sprang fran- 
 tically across the room and pushed at the door. It was fast- 
 ened on the inner side. Following his example, we threw our- 
 selves upon it with all our weight. One hinge snapped, then 
 the other, and down came the door with a crash. Rushing 
 over it, we found ourselves in the inner room. It was empty. 
 
 But it was only for a moment that we were at fault. At one
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK 65 
 
 corner, the corner nearest the room which we had left, there 
 was a second door. Holmes sprang to it and pulled it open. 
 A coat and waistcoat were lying on the floor, and from a hook 
 behind the door, with his own braces round his neck, was 
 hanging the managing director of the Franco-Midland Hard- 
 ware Company. His knees were drawn up, his head hung 
 at a dreadful angle to his body, and the clatter of his heels 
 against the door made the noise which had broken in upon 
 our conversation. In an instant I had caught him round the 
 waist, and held him up while Holmes and Pycroft untied 
 the elastic bands which had disappeared between the livid 
 creases of skin. Then we carried him into the other room, 
 where he lay with a clay-colored face, puffing his purple lips 
 in and out with every breath a dreadful wreck of all that 
 he had been but five minutes before. 
 
 " What do you think of him, Watson ?" asked Holmes. 
 
 I stooped over him and examined him. His pulse was 
 feeble and intermittent, but his breathing grew longer, and 
 there was a little shivering of his eyelids, which showed a 
 thin white slit of ball beneath. 
 
 " It has been touch and go with him," said I, " but he'll live 
 now. Just open that window, and hand me the water carafe." 
 I undid his collar, poured the cold water over his face, and 
 raised and sank his arms until he drew a long, natural breath. 
 " It's only a question of time now," said I, as I turned away 
 from him. 
 
 Holmes stood by the table, with his hands deep in his 
 trousers' pockets and his chin upon his breast. 
 
 "I suppose we ought to call the police in now," said he. 
 " And yet I confess that I'd like to give them a complete case 
 when they come." 
 
 " It's a blessed mystery to me," cried Pycroft, scratching 
 his head. " Whatever they wanted to bring me all the way 
 up here for, and then " 
 
 " Pooh ! All that is clear enough," said Holmes, impa- 
 tiently. " It is this last sudden move."
 
 66 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMK3 
 
 " You understand the rest, then ?" 
 
 " I think that it is fairly obvious. What do you say, Wat 
 son ?" 
 
 I shrugged my shoulders. " I must confess that I am out 
 of my depths," said I. 
 
 " Oh, surely if you consider the events at first they can 
 only point to one conclusion." 
 
 " What do you make of them ?" 
 
 " Well, the whole thing hinges upon two points. The first 
 is the making of Pycroft write a declaration by which he en- 
 tered the service of this preposterous company. Do you not 
 see how very suggestive that is ?" 
 
 " I am afraid I miss the point." 
 
 " Well, why did they want him to do it ? Not as a business 
 matter, for these arrangements are usually verbal, and there 
 was no earthly business reason why this should be an excep- 
 tion. Don't you see, my young friend, that they were very 
 anxious to obtain a specimen of your handwriting, and had 
 no other way of doing it ?" 
 
 "And why?" 
 
 " Quite so. Why ? When we answer that we have made 
 some progress with our little problem. Why ? There can be 
 only one adequate reason. Some one wanted to learn to imi- 
 tate your writing, and had to procure a specimen of it first. 
 And now if we pass on to the second point we find that each 
 throws light upon the other. That point is the request made 
 by Pinner that you should not resign your place, but should 
 leave the manager of this important business in the full ex- 
 pectation that a Mr. Hall Pycroft, whom he had never seen, 
 was about to enter the office upon the Monday morning." 
 
 " My God !" cried our client, " what a blind beetle I have 
 been !" 
 
 " Now you see the point about the handwriting. Suppose 
 that some one turned up in your place who wrote a completely 
 different hand from that in which you had applied for the va- 
 cancy, of course the game would have been up. But in the
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK 67 
 
 interval the rogue had learned to imitate you, and his posi- 
 tion was therefore secure, as I presume that nobody in the 
 office had ever set eyes upon you." 
 
 " Not a soul," groaned Hall Pycroft. 
 
 " Very good. Of course it was of the utmost importance 
 to prevent you from thinking better of it, and also to keep 
 you from coming into contact with any one who might tell 
 you that your double was at work in Mawson's office. There- 
 fore they gave you a handsome advance on your salary, and 
 ran you off to the Midlands, where they gave you enough 
 work to do to prevent your going to London, where you might 
 have burst their little game up. That is all plain enough," 
 
 " But why should this man pretend to be his own brother ?'* 
 
 " Well, that is pretty clear also. There are evidently only 
 two of them in it. The other is personating you at the office. 
 This one acted as your engager, and then found that he could 
 not find you an employer without admitting a third person 
 into his plot. That he was most unwilling to do He changed 
 his appearance as far as he could, and trusted that the like- 
 ness, which you could not fail to observe, would be put down 
 to a family resemblance. But for the happy chance of the 
 gold stuffing, your suspicions would probably never have been 
 aroused." 
 
 Hall Pycroft shook his clinched hands in the air. "Good 
 Lord I" he cried, " while I have been fooled in this way, what 
 has this other Hall Pycroft been doing at Mawson's ? What 
 should we do, Mr. Holmes ? Tell me what to do," 
 
 "We must wire to Mawson's." 
 
 " They shut at twelve on Saturdays." 
 
 " Never mind. There may be some door-keeper or attend 
 ant" 
 
 " Ah yes, they keep a permanent guard there on account of 
 the value of the securities that they hold. I remember hear 
 ing it talked of in the City." 
 
 " Very good ; we shall wire to him, and see if all is well, 
 and if a clerk of your name is working there. That is clear
 
 68 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 enough , but what is not so clear is why at sight of us one 
 of the rogues should instantly walk out of the room and hang 
 himself." 
 
 "The paper!" croaked a voice behind us. The man was 
 sitting up, blanched and ghastly, with returning reason in his 
 eyes, and hands which rubbed nervously at the broad red 
 band which still encircled his throat. 
 
 " The paper ! Of course !" yelled Holmes, in a paroxysm 
 of excitement. " Idiot that I was ! I thought so much of our 
 visit that the paper never entered my head for an instant. To 
 be sure, the secret must lie there." He flattened it out upon 
 the table, and a cry of triumph burst from his lips. " Look 
 at this, Watson," he cried. " It is a London paper, an early 
 edition of the Evening Standard. Here is what we want. 
 Look at the head-lines : ' Crime in the City. Murder at 
 Mawson & Williams's. Gigantic attempted Robbery. Capt- 
 ure of the Criminal.' Here, Watson, we are all equally anx- 
 ious to hear it, so kindly read it aloud to us." 
 
 It appeared from its position in the paper to have been the 
 one event of importance in town, and the account of it ran in 
 this way : 
 
 " A desperate attempt at robbery, culminating in the death 
 of one man and the capture of the criminal, occurred this 
 afternoon in the City. For some time back Mawson & Will- 
 iams, the famous financial house, have been the guardians of 
 securities which amount in the aggregate to a sum of consid- 
 erably over a million sterling. So conscious was the man- 
 ager of the responsibility which devolved upon him in conse- 
 quence of the great interests at stake that safes of the very 
 latest construction have been employed, and an armed watch- 
 man has been left day and night in the building. It appears 
 that last week a new clerk named Hall Pycroft was engaged 
 by the firm. This person appears to have been none other 
 than Beddington, the famous forger and cracksman, who, with 
 his brother, has only recently emerged from a five years' spell 
 of penal servitude. By some means, which are not yet clear.
 
 THE STOCK-BROKER'S CLERK 69 
 
 he succeeded in winning, under a false name, this official posi- 
 tion in the office, which he utilized in order to obtain mould- 
 ings of various locks, and a thorough knowledge of the posi- 
 tion of the strong-room and the safes. 
 
 "It is customary at Mawson's for the clerks to leave at 
 mid-day on Saturday. Sergeant Tuson, of the City Police, 
 was somewhat surprised, therefore, to see a gentleman with 
 a carpet-bag come down the steps at twenty minutes past 
 one. His suspicions being aroused, the sergeant followed 
 the man, and with the aid of Constable Pollock succeeded, 
 after a most desperate resistance, in arresting him. It was at 
 once clear that a daring and gigantic robbery had been conv 
 mitted. Nearly a hundred thousand pounds' worth of Amer- 
 ican railway bonds, with a large amount of scrip in mines and 
 other companies, was discovered in the bag. On examining 
 the premises the body of the unfortunate watchman was found 
 doubled up and thrust into the largest of the safes, where it 
 would not have been discovered until Monday morning had 
 it not been for the prompt action of Sergeant Tuson. The 
 man's skull had been shattered by a blow from a poker de- 
 livered from behind. There could be no doubt that Bedding- 
 ton had obtained entrance by pretending that he had left 
 something behind him, and having murdered the watchman, 
 rapidly rifled the large safe, and then made off with his booty. 
 His brother, who usually works with him, has not appeared in 
 this job as far as can at present be ascertained, although the 
 police are making energetic inquiries as to his whereabouts." 
 
 "Well, we may save the police some little trouble in that 
 direction," said Holmes, glancing at the haggard figure hud- 
 dled up by the window. " Human nature is a strange mixt- 
 ure, Watson. You see that even a villain and murderer can 
 inspire such affection that his brother turns to suicide when 
 he learns that his neck is forfeited. However, we have no 
 choice as to our action. The doctor and I will remain on 
 guard, Mr. Pycroft, if you will have the kindness to step out 
 for the police."
 
 Stocnture 
 
 THE "GLORIA SCOTT" 
 
 HAVE some papers here," said my friend Sher- 
 lock Holmes, as we sat one winter's night on 
 either side of the fire, " which I really think, 
 Watson, that it would be worth your while to 
 glance over. These are the documents in the 
 extraordinary case of the Gloria Scott, and this is the mes- 
 sage which struck Justice of the Peace Trevor dead with hor- 
 ror when he read it." 
 
 He had picked from a drawer a little tarnished cylinder, 
 and, undoing the tape, he handed me a short note scrawled 
 upon a half-sheet of slate-gray paper. 
 
 "The supply of game for London is going steadily up," it 
 ran. " Head-keeper Hudson, we believe, has been now told 
 to receive all orders for fly-paper and for preservation of your 
 hen-pheasant's life." 
 
 As I glanced up from reading this enigmatical message, I 
 saw Holmes chuckling at the expression upon my face. 
 
 " You look a little bewildered," said he. 
 
 " I cannot see how such a message as this could inspire 
 horror. It seems to me to be rather grotesque than other- 
 wise." 
 
 "Very likely. Yet the fact remains that the reader, who 
 was a fine, robust old man, was knocked clean down by it as 
 if it had been the butt end of a pistol." 
 
 " You arouse my curiosity," said I. " But why did you say 
 just now that there were very particular reasons why I should 
 study this case ?"
 
 THE " GLORIA SCOTT " 71 
 
 " Because it was the first in which I was ever engaged." 
 
 I had often endeavored to elicit from my companion what 
 had first turned his mind in the direction of criminal re- 
 search, but had never caught him before in a communicative 
 humor. Now he sat forward in his arm-chair and spread out 
 the documents upon his knees. Then he lit his pipe and sat 
 for some time smoking and turning them over. 
 
 " You never heard me talk of Victor Trevor ?" he asked. 
 " He was the only friend I made during the two years I was 
 at college. I was never a very sociable fellow, Watson, always 
 rather fond of moping in my rooms and working out my own 
 little methods of thought, so that I never mixed much with the 
 men of my year. Bar fencing and boxing I had few athletic 
 tastes, and then my line of study was quite distinct from that 
 of the other fellows, so that we had no points of contact at 
 all. Trevor was the only man I knew, and that only through 
 the accident of his bull terrier freezing on to my ankle one 
 morning as I went down to chapel. 
 
 " It was a prosaic way of forming a friendship, but it was 
 effective. I was laid by the heels for ten days, and Trevor 
 used to come in to inquire after me. At first it was only a 
 minute's chat, but soon his visits lengthened, and before the 
 end of the term we were close friends. He was a hearty, 
 full-blooded fellow, full of spirits and energy, the very oppo- 
 site to me in most respects, but we had some subjects in 
 common, and it was a bond of union when I found that he 
 was as friendless as I. Finally, he invited me down to his 
 father's place at Donnithorpe, in Norfolk, and I accepted his 
 hospitality for a month of the long vacation. 
 
 "Old Trevor was evidently a man of some wealth and 
 consideration, a J. P., and a landed proprietor. Donnithorpe 
 is a little hamlet just to the north of Langmere, in the country 
 of the Broads. The house was an old-fashioned, wide-spread, 
 oak-beamed brick building, with a fine lime-lined avenue lead- 
 ing up to it. There was excellent wild-duck shooting in the 
 fens, remarkably good fishing, a small but select library, taken
 
 72 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 over, as I understood, from a former occupant, and a tolerable 
 cook, so that he would be a fastidious man who could not put 
 in a pleasant ir.onth there. 
 
 "Trevor senior was a widower, and my friend his only 
 son. 
 
 "There had been a daughter, I heard, but she had died of 
 diphtheria while on a visit to Birmingham. The father inter- 
 ested me extremely. He was a man of little culture, but with 
 a considerable amount of rude strength, both physically and 
 mentally. He knew hardly any books, but he had travelled 
 far, had seen much of the world, and had remembered all 
 that he had learned. In person he was a thick-set, burly man 
 with a shock. of grizzled hair, a brown, weather-beaten face, 
 and blue eves which were keen to the verge of fierceness. 
 Yet he had a reputation for kindness and charity on the 
 country-side, and was noted for the leniency of his sentences 
 from the bench. 
 
 " One evening, shortly after my arrival, we were sitting over 
 a glass of port after dinner, when young Trevor began to talk 
 about those habits of observation and inference which I had 
 already formed into a system, although I had not yet appre- 
 ciated the part which they were to play in my life. The 
 old man evidently thought that his son was exaggerating in 
 his description of one or two trivial feats which I had per- 
 formed. 
 
 " ' Come, now, Mr. Holmes,' said he, laughing good - hu- 
 moredly. ' I'm an excellent subject, if you can deduce any- 
 thing from me.' 
 
 " ' I fear there is not very much,' I answered ; ' I might 
 suggest that you have gone about in fear of some personal 
 attack within the last twelvemonth.' 
 
 "The laugh faded from his lips, and he stared at me in 
 great surprise. 
 
 " ' Well, that's true enough,' said he. ' You know, Victor,' 
 turning to his son, 'when we broke up that poaching gang 
 they swore to knife us, and Sir Edward Holly has actually
 
 THE " GLORIA SCOTT " 73 
 
 been attacked. I've always been on my guard since then, 
 though I have no idea how you know it.' 
 
 " ' You have a very handsome stick,' I answered. ' By the 
 inscription I observed that you had not had it more than 
 a year. But you have taken some pains to bore the head 
 of it and pour melted lead into the hole so as to make it a 
 [formidable weapon. I argued that you would not take such 
 'precautions unless you had some danger to fear.' 
 
 " ' Anything else ?' he asked, smiling. 
 
 " ' You have boxed a good deal in your youth.' 
 
 " ' Right again. How did you know it ? Is my nose 
 knocked a little out of the straight ?' 
 
 " ' No,' said I. ' It is your ears. They have the peculiar 
 flattening and thickening which marks the boxing man.' 
 
 " ' Anything else ?' 
 
 "'You have done a good deal of digging by your cal- 
 losities.' 
 
 " ' Made all my money at the gold fields.' 
 
 " ' You have been in New Zealand.' 
 
 " ' Right again.' 
 
 " ' You have visited Japan.' 
 
 " Quite true.' 
 
 " ' And you have been most intimately associated with some 
 one whose initials were J. A., and whom you afterwards were 
 eager to entirely forget.' 
 
 " Mr. Trevor stood slowly up, fixed his large blue eyes upon 
 me with a strange wild stare, and then pitched forward, with 
 jhis face among the nutshells which strewed the cloth, in a 
 dead faint. 
 
 " You can imagine, Watson, how shocked both his son and 
 I were. His attack did not last long, however, for when we 
 undid his collar, and sprinkled the water from one of the fin- 
 ger-glasses over his face, he gave a gasp or two and sat up. 
 
 " ' Ah, boys,' said he, forcing a smile, ' I hope I haven't 
 frightened you. Strong as I look, there is a weak place in my 
 heart, and it does not take much to knock me over. I don't
 
 74 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 know how you manage this, Mr. Holmes, but it seems to me 
 that all the detectives of fact and of fancy would be children 
 in your hands. That's your line of life, sir, and you may take 
 the word of a man who has seen something of the world.' 
 
 " And that recommendation, with the exaggerated estimate 
 of my ability with which he prefaced it, was, if you will believe 
 me, Watson, the very first thing which ever made me feel that 
 a profession might be made out of what had up to that time 
 been the merest hobby. At the moment, however, I was too 
 much concerned at the sudden illness of my host to think of 
 anything else. 
 
 " ' I hope that I have said nothing to pain you ?' said I. 
 
 " ' Well, you certainly touched upon rather a tender point 
 Might I ask how you know, and how much you know?' He 
 spoke now in a half-jesting fashion, but a look of terror still 
 lurked at the back of his eyes. 
 
 " ' It is simplicity itself,' said I. ' When you bared your 
 arm to draw that fish into the boat I saw that J. A. had been 
 tattooed in the bend of the elbow. The letters were still 
 legible, but it was perfectly clear from their blurred appear- 
 ance, and from the staining of the skin round them, that 
 efforts had been made to obliterate them. It was obvious, 
 then, that those initials had once been very familiar to you, 
 and that you had afterwards wished to forget them.' 
 
 " ' What an eye you have !' he cried, with a sigh of relief. 
 ' It is just as you say. But we won't talk of it. Of all ghosts 
 the ghosts of our old lovers are the worst. Come into the 
 billiard-room and have a quiet cigar.' 
 
 " From that day, amid all his cordiality, there was always 
 a touch of suspicion in Mr. Trevor's manner towards me. 
 Even his son remarked it. ' You've given the governor such 
 a turn,' said he, ' that he'll never be sure again of what you 
 know and what you don't know.' He did not mean to show 
 it, I am sure, but it was so strongly in his mind that it peeped 
 out at every action. At last I became so convinced that I
 
 THE " GLORIA SCOTT " 75 
 
 was causing him uneasiness that I drew my visit to a close. 
 On the very day, however, before I left, an incident occurred 
 which proved in the sequel to be of importance. 
 
 " We were sitting out upon the lawn on garden chairs, the 
 three of us, basking in the sun and admiring the view across 
 the Broads, when a maid came out to say that there was a 
 man at the door who wanted to see Mr. Trevor. 
 
 " ' What is his name ?' asked my host. 
 
 " ' He would not give any.' 
 
 " ' What does he want, then ?' 
 
 " ' He says that you know him, and that he only wants a 
 moment's conversation.' 
 
 " ' Show him round here.' An instant afterwards there ap- 
 peared a little wizened fellow with a cringing manner and a 
 shambling style of walking. He wore an open jacket, with 
 a splotch of tar on the sleeve, a red-and-black check shirt, 
 dungaree trousers, and heavy boots badly worn. His face 
 was thin and brown and crafty, with a perpetual smile upon 
 it, which showed an irregular line of yellow teeth, and his 
 crinkled hands were half closed in a way that is distinctive 
 of sailors. As he came slouching across the lawn I heard 
 Mr. Trevor make a sort of hiccoughing noise in his throat, 
 and, jumping out of his chair, he ran into the house. He 
 was back in a moment, and I smelt a strong reek of brandy 
 as he passed me. 
 
 " ' Well, my man,' said he. 'What can I do for you ?' 
 
 "The sailor stood looking at him with puckered eyes, and 
 with the same loose-lipped smile upon his face. 
 
 " ' You don't know me ?' he asked. 
 
 " ' Why, dear me, it is surely Hudson,' said Mr. Trevor in a 
 tone of surprise. 
 
 "'Hudson it is, sir,' said the seaman. 'Why, it's thirty 
 year and more since I saw you last. Here you are in your 
 house, and me still picking my salt meat out of the harness 
 cask.' 
 
 " ' Tut, you will find that I have not forgotten old times,'
 
 76 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 cried Mr. Trevor, and, walking towards the sailor, he said 
 something in a low voice. 'Go into the kitchen,' he con- 
 tinued out loud, ' and you will get food and drink. I have 
 no doubt that I shall find you a situation.' 
 
 "'Thank you, sir,'' said the seaman, touching his forelock. 
 ' I'm just off a two-yearer in an eight-knot tramp, short-hand- 
 ed at that, and I wants a rest. I thought I'd get it either 
 with Mr. Beddoes or with you.' 
 
 " ' Ah !' cried Mr. Trevor. ' You know where Mr. Beddoes 
 is?' 
 
 " ' Bless you, sir, I know where all my old friends are,' said 
 the fellow with a sinister smile, and he slouched off after the 
 maid to the kitchen. Mr. Trevor mumbled something to us 
 about having been shipmate with the man when he was going 
 back to the diggings, and then, leaving us on the lawn, he 
 went indoors. An hour later, when we entered the house, we 
 found him stretched dead drunk upon the dining-room sofa. 
 The whole incident left a most ugly impression upon my 
 mind, and I was not sorry next day to leave Donnithorpe 
 behind me, for I felt that my presence must be a source of 
 embarrassment to my friend. 
 
 " All this occurred during the first month of the long vaca- 
 tion. I went up to my London rooms, where I spent seven 
 weeks working out a few experiments in organic chemistry. 
 One day, however, when the autumn was far advanced and 
 the vacation drawing to a close, I received a telegram from 
 my friend imploring me to return to Donnithorpe, and saying 
 that he was in great need of my advice and assistance. Of 
 course I dropped everything and set out for the North once 
 more. 
 
 " He met me with the dog-cart at the station, and I saw at 
 a glance that the last two months had been very trying ones 
 for him. He had grown thin and careworn, and had lost the 
 loud, cheery manner for which he had been remarkable. 
 
 " ' The governor is dying,' were the first words he said. 
 
 " ' Impossible !' I cried. ' What is the matter ?'
 
 THE "GLORIA SCOTT " 77 
 
 " ' Apoplexy. Nervous shock. He's been on the verge all 
 day. I doubt if we shall find him alive.' 
 
 " I was, as you may think, Watson, horrified at this unex- 
 pected news. 
 
 " ' What has caused it ?' I asked. 
 
 " ' Ah, that is the point. Jump in and we can talk it over 
 while we drive. You remember that fellow who came upon 
 the evening before you left us ?' 
 
 " ' Perfectly.' 
 
 " ' Do you know who it was that we let into the house that 
 day?' 
 
 " ' I have no idea.' 
 
 " ' It was the devil, Holmes,' he cried. 
 
 " I stared at him in astonishment. 
 
 " ' Yes, it was the devil himself. We have not had a peace- 
 ful hour since not one. The governor has never held up his 
 head from that evening, and now the life has been crushed 
 out of him and his heart broken, all through this accursed 
 Hudson.' 
 
 " ' What power had he, then ?* 
 
 " ' Ah, that is what I would give so much to know. The 
 kindly, charitable, good old governor how could he have 
 fallen into the clutches of such a ruffian ! But I am so glad 
 that you have come, Holmes. I trust very much to your 
 judgment and discretion, and I kn^^v that you will advise me 
 for the best.' 
 
 "We were dashing along the smooth white country road- 
 with the long stretch of the Broads in front of us glimmering 
 in the red light of the setting sun. From a grove upon our 
 left I could already see the high chimneys and the flag-staff 
 which marked the squire's dwelling. 
 
 " ' My father made the fellow gardener,' said my compan- 
 ion, ' and then, as that did not satisfy him, he was promoted 
 to be butler. The house seemed to be at his mercy, and he 
 wandered about and did what he chose in it. The maids 
 complained of his drunken habits and his vile language. The
 
 78 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMKS 
 
 dad raised their wages all round to recompense them for 
 the annoyance. The fellow would take the boat and my fa- 
 ther's best gun and treat himself to little shooting trips. 
 And all this with such a sneering, leering, insolent face that I 
 would have knocked him down twenty times over if he had 
 been a man of my own age. I tell you, Holmes, I have had 
 to keep a tight hold upon myself all this time ; and now I am 
 asking myself whether, if I had let myself go a little more, I 
 might not have been a wiser man. 
 
 *' ' Well, matters went from bad to worse with us, and this 
 animal Hudson became more and more intrusive, until at last, 
 on his making some insolent reply to my father in my pres- 
 ence one day, I took him by the shoulders and turned him out 
 of the room. He slunk away with a livid face and two ven- 
 omous eyes which uttered more threats than his tongue could 
 do. I don't know what passed between the poor dad and 
 him after that, but the dad came to me next day and asked 
 me whether I would mind apologizing to Hudson. I refused, 
 as you can imagine, and asked my father how he could allow 
 such a wretch to take such liberties with himself and his 
 household. 
 
 " ' " Ah, my boy," said he, " it is all very well to talk, but 
 you don't know how I am placed. But you shall know, Victor. 
 I'll see that you shall know, come what may. You wouldn't 
 believe harm of your poor old father, would you, lad?" He 
 was very much moved, and shut himself up in the study all 
 day, where I could see through the window that he was writ- 
 ing busily. 
 
 " ' That evening there came what seemed to me to be a 
 grand release, for Hudson told us that he was going to leave 
 us. He walked into the dining-room as we sat after dinner, 
 and announced his intention in the thick voice of a half- 
 drunken man. 
 
 " ' " I've had enough of Norfolk," said he. " I'll run dowa 
 to Mr. Beddoes in Hampshire. He'll be as glad to see me as 
 you were, I dare sav."
 
 THE "GLORIA SCOTT" 79 
 
 ""'You're not going away in an unkind spirit, Hudson, I 
 hope," said my father, with a tameness which made my blood 
 boil. 
 
 " ' " I've not had my 'pology," said he sulkily, glancing in 
 my direction. 
 
 " ' " Victor, you will acknowledge that you have used this 
 worthy fellow rather roughly," said the dad, turning to me. 
 
 " ' " On the contrary, I think that we have both shown ex- 
 traordinary patience towards him," I answered. 
 
 " ' " Oh, you do, do you ?" he snarled. " Very good, mate. 
 We'll see about that !" 
 
 " ' He slouched out of the room, and half an hour afterwards 
 left the house, leaving my father in a state of pitiable nervous- 
 ness. Night after night I heard him pacing his room, and it 
 was just as he was recovering his confidence that the blow 
 did at last fall.' 
 
 " ' And how ?' I asked eagerly. 
 
 '"In a most extraordinary fashion. A letter arrived for 
 my father yesterday evening, bearing the Fordingbridge post- 
 mark. My father read it, clapped both his hands to his head, 
 and began running round the room in little circles like a man 
 who has been driven out of his senses. When I at last drew 
 him down on to the sofa, his mouth and eyelids were all puck- 
 ered on one side, and I saw that he had a stroke. Dr. 
 Fordham came over at once. We put him to bed , but the 
 paralysis has spread, he has shown no sign of returning con- 
 sciousness, and I think that we shall hardly find him alive.' 
 
 " ' You horrify me, Trevor !' I cried. ' What then could 
 have been in this letter to cause so dreadful a result ?' 
 
 " ' Nothing. There lies the inexplicable part of it. The 
 message was absurd and trivial. Ah, my God, it is as I 
 feared !' 
 
 " As he spoke we came round the curve of the avenue, and 
 saw in the fading light that every blind in the house had been 
 drawn down. As we dashed up to the door, my friend's face 
 convulsed with grief, a gentleman in black emerged from it.
 
 S MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " ' When did it happen, doctor ?' asked Trevor. 
 
 " ' Almost immediately after you left.' 
 
 " ' Did he recover consciousness ?' 
 
 " ' For an instant before the end.' 
 
 " ' Any message for me ?' 
 
 "'Only that the papers were in the back drawer of the 
 /apanese cabinet.' 
 
 " My friend ascended with the doctor to the chamber of 
 death, while I remained in the study, turning the whale matter 
 over and over in my head, and feeling as sombre as ever I had 
 done in my life. What was the past of this Trevor, pugilist, 
 traveller, and gold-digger, and how had he placed himself in 
 the power of this acid-faced seaman ? Why, too, should he 
 faint at an allusion to the half-effaced initials upon his arm, 
 and die of fright when he had a letter from Fordingham ? 
 Then I remembered that Fordingham was in Hampshire, and 
 that this Mr. Beddoes, whom the seaman had gone to visit 
 and presumably to blackmail, had also been mentioned as liv- 
 ing in Hampshire. The letter, then, might either come from 
 Hudson, the seaman, saying that he had betrayed the guilty 
 secret which appeared to exist, or it might come from Bed- 
 does, warning an old confederate that such a betrayal was im- 
 minent. So far it seemed clear enough. But then how could 
 this letter be trivial and grotesque, as described by the son ? 
 He must have misread it. If so, it must have been one of 
 those ingenious secret codes which mean one thing while they 
 a eem to mean another. I must see this letter. If there were 
 a hidden meaning in it, I was confident that I could pluck it 
 forth. For an hour I sat pondering over it in the gloom, until 
 at last a weeping maid brought in a lamp, and close at her 
 heels came my friend Trevor, pale but composed, with these 
 very papers which lie upon my knee held in his grasp. He 
 sat down opposite to me, drew the lamp to the edge of the 
 table, and handed me a short note scribbled, as you see, upon 
 a single sheet of gray paper. ' The supply of game for Lon- 
 don is going steadily up,' it ran. * Head-keeper Hudson, we
 
 THE "GLORIA SCOTT" 81 
 
 believe, has been now told to receive all orders for fly-paper 
 and for preservation of your hen-pheasant's life.' 
 
 " I dare say my face looked as bewildered as yours did just 
 now when first I read this message. Then I reread it very 
 carefully. It was evidently as I had thought, and some secret 
 meaning must lie buried in this strange combination of words. 
 Or could it be that there was a prearranged significance 
 to such phrases as ' fly-paper ' and ' hen-pheasant ' ? Such a 
 meaning would be arbitrary and could not be deduced in any 
 way. And yet I was loath to believe that this was the case, 
 and the presence of the word Hudson seemed to show that 
 the subject of the message was as I had guessed, and that it 
 was from Beddoes rather than the sailor. I tried it back- 
 wards, but the combination ' life pheasant's hen ' was not en- 
 couraging. Then I tried alternate words, but neither ' the of 
 for' nor 'supply game London' promised to throw any light 
 upon it. 
 
 "And then in an instant the key of the riddle was in my 
 hands, and I saw that every third word, beginning with the 
 first, would give a message which might well drive old Trevor 
 to despair. 
 
 " It was short and terse, the warning, as I now read it to 
 my companion 
 
 " ' The game is up. Hudson has told all. Fly for your 
 life.' 
 
 " Victor Trevor sank his face into his shaking hands. ' It 
 must be that, I suppose,' said he. ' This is worse than death, 
 for it means disgrace as well. But what is the meaning of 
 these "head-keepers" and "hen-pheasants"?' 
 
 " ' It means nothing to the message, but it might mean a 
 good deal to us if we had no other means of discovering the 
 sender. You see that he has begun by writing "The , . 
 game . . . is," and so on. Afterwards he had, to fulfil the 
 prearranged cipher, to fill in any two words in each space. 
 He would naturally use the first words which came to his 
 mind, and if there were so many which referred to sport
 
 82 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 among them, you may be tolerably sure that he is either an 
 ardent shot or interested in breeding. Do you know any- 
 thing of this Beddoes ?' 
 
 "'Why, now that you mention it,' said he, 'I remember 
 that my poor father used to have an invitation from him to 
 shoot over his preserves every autumn.' 
 
 '"Then it is undoubtedly from him that the note comes,' 
 said I. ' It only remains for us to find out what this secret 
 was which the sailor Hudson seems to have held over the 
 heads of these two wealthy and respected men.' 
 
 " * Alas, Holmes, I fear that it is one of sin and shame !' 
 cried my friend. ' But from you I shall have no secrets. 
 Here is the statement which was drawn up by my father 
 when he knew that the danger from Hudson had become 
 imminent. I found it in the Japanese cabinet, as he told the 
 doctor. Take it and read it to me, for I have neither the 
 strength nor the courage to do it myself.' 
 
 "These are the very papers, Watson, which he handed to 
 me, and I will read them to you, as I read them in the old 
 study that night to him. They are endorsed outside, as you 
 see, ' Some particulars of the voyage of the bark Gloria Scott, 
 from her leaving Falmouth on the 8th October, 1855, to her 
 destruction in N. Lat. 15 20', W. Long. 25 14', on Nov. 6th.' 
 It is in the form of a letter, and runs in this way : 
 
 " ' My dear, dear son, now that approaching disgrace be- 
 gins to darken the closing years of my life, I can write with 
 all truth and honesty that it is not the terror of the law, it is 
 not the loss of my position in the county, nor is it my fall in 
 the eyes of all who have known me, which cuts me to the 
 heart ; but it is the thought that you should come to blush for 
 me you who love me and who have seldom, I hope, had rea- 
 son to do other than respect me. But if the blow falls which 
 is forever hanging over me, then I should wish you to read 
 this, that you may know straight from me how far I have been 
 to blame. On the other hand, if all should go well (which 
 may kind God Almighty grant !), then, if by any chance this
 
 THE "GLORIA SCOTT" 83 
 
 paper should be still undestroyed and should fall into youi 
 hands, I conjure you, by all you hold sacred, by the memory 
 of your dear mother, and by the love which has been between 
 us, to hurl it into the fire and to never give one thought to it 
 again. 
 
 " ' If then your eye goes on to read this line, I know that I 
 shall already have been exposed and dragged from my home, 
 or, as is more likely, for you know that my heart is weak, be 
 lying with my tongue sealed forever in death. In either case 
 the time for suppression is past, and every word which I tell 
 you is the naked truth, and this I swear as I hope for mercy. 
 
 " ' My name, dear lad, is not Trevor. I was James Armi- 
 tage in my younger days, and you can understand now the 
 shock that it was to me a few weeks ago when your college 
 friend addressed me in words which seemed to imply that he 
 had surprised my secret. As Armitage it was that I entered 
 a London banking-house, and as Armitage I was convicted of 
 breaking my country's laws, and was sentenced to transporta- 
 tion. Do not think very harshly of me, laddie. It was a debt 
 of honor, so called, which I had to pay, and I used money 
 which was not my own to do it, in the certain ty that I could 
 replace it before there could be any possibility of its being 
 missed. But the most dreadful ill-luck pursued me. The 
 money which I had reckoned upon never came to hand, and a 
 premature examination of accounts exposed my deficit. The 
 ease might have been dealt leniently with, but the laws were 
 more harshly administered thirty years ago than now, and on 
 my twenty-third birthday I found myself chained as a felon 
 with thirty-seven other convicts in the 'tween-decks of the 
 bark Gloria Scott t bound for Australia. 
 
 "'It was the year '55, when the Crimean war was at its 
 height, and the old convict ships had been largely used as 
 transports in the Black Sea. The government was compelled, 
 therefore, to use smaller and less suitable vessels for sending 
 out their prisoners. The Gloria Scott had been in the Chinese 
 tea-trade, but she was an old-fashioned, heavy-bowed, broad-
 
 84 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 beamed craft, and the new clippers had cut her out. She was 
 a five-hundred-ton boat ; and besides her thirty-eight jail-birds, 
 she carried twenty-six of a crew, eighteen soldiers, a captain, 
 three mates, a doctor, a chaplain, and four warders. Near!y 
 a hundred souls were in her, all told, when we set sail from 
 Falmouth. 
 
 " ' The partitions between the cells of the convicts, instead 
 of being of thick oak, as is usual in convict-ships, were quite 
 thin and frail. The man next to me, upon the aft side, was 
 one whom I had particularly noticed when we were led down 
 the quay. He was a young man with a clear, hairless face, a 
 long, thin nose, and rather nut-cracker jaws. He carried his 
 head very jauntily in the air, had a swaggering style of walking, 
 and was, above all else, remarkable for his extraordinary height. 
 I don't think any of our heads would have come up to his 
 shoulder, and I am sure that he could not have measured less 
 than six and a half feet. It was strange among so many sad 
 and weary faces to see one which was full of energy and reso- 
 lution. The sight of it was to me like a fire in a snow-storm. 
 I was glad, then, to find that he was my neighbor, and glad- 
 der still when, in the dead of the night, I heard a whisper 
 close to my ear, and found that he had managed to cut an 
 opening in the board which separated us. 
 
 " ' " Hullo, chummy !" said he, " what's your name, and what 
 are you here for ?" 
 
 ** ' I answered him, and asked in turn who I was talking with. 
 
 "'"I'm Jack Prendergast," said he, "and by God! you'll 
 learn to bless my name before you've done with me." 
 
 " ' I remembered hearing of his case, for it was one which 
 had made an immense sensation throughout the country 
 some time before my own arrest. He was a man of good 
 family and of great ability, but of incurably vicious habits, 
 who had by an ingenious system of fraud obtained huge 
 sums of money from the leading London merchants. 
 
 " ' " Ha, ha ! You remember my case !" said he, proudly. 
 
 " " Very well, indeed."
 
 THE "GLORIA SCOTT " 85 
 
 ** ' " Then maybe you remember something queer about it ? n 
 
 " ' " What was that, then ?" 
 
 " ' " I'd had nearly a quarter of a million, hadn't I ?" 
 
 " ' " So it was said." 
 
 " ' " But none was recovered, eh ?" 
 
 ' " No." 
 
 " ' " Well, where d'ye suppose the balance is ?" he asked. 
 
 " ' " I have no idea," said I. 
 
 " ' " Right between my finger and thumb," he cried. " By 
 God ! I've got more pounds to my name than you've hairs 
 on your head. And if you've money, my son, and know how 
 to handle it and spread it, you can do anything. Now, you 
 don't think it likely that a man who could do anything is 
 going to wear his breeches out sitting in the stinking hold of 
 a rat-gutted, beetle-ridden, mouldy old coffin of a Chin China 
 coaster. No, sir, such a man will look after himself and will 
 look after his chums. You may lay to that ! You hold on to 
 him, and you may kiss the book that he'll haul you through." 
 
 " ' That was his style of talk, and at first I thought it meant 
 nothing ; but after a while, when he had tested me and sworn 
 me in with all possible solemnity, he let me understand that 
 there really was a plot to gain command of the vessel. A 
 dozen of the prisoners had hatched it before they came 
 aboard, Prendergast was the leader, and his money was the 
 motive power. 
 
 " ' " I'd a partner," said he, " a rare good man, as true as a 
 stock to a barrel. He's got the dibbs, he has, and where do 
 you think he is at this moment ? Why, he's the chaplain of 
 this ship the chaplain, no less ! He came aboard with a 
 black coat, and his papers right, and money enough in his 
 box to buy the thing right up from keel to main-truck. The 
 crew are his, body and soul. He could buy 'em at so much 
 a gross with a cash discount, and he did it before ever they 
 signed on. He's got two of the warders and Mereer, the 
 second mate, and he'd get the captain himself, if he thought 
 him worth it."
 
 86 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " ' " What are we to do, then ?" I asked. 
 
 " ' " What do you think?" said he. " We'll make the coats 
 of some of these soldiers redder than ever the tailor did." 
 
 " ' " But they are armed," said I. 
 
 " ' " And so shall we be, my boy. There's a brace of pistols 
 for every mother's son of us, and if we can't carry this ship, 
 with the crew at our back, it's time we were all sent to a 
 young misses' boarding-school. You speak to your mate upon 
 the left to-night, and see if he is to be trusted." 
 
 " ' I did so, and found my other neighbor to be a young 
 fellow in much the same position as myself, whose crime 
 had been forgery. His name was Evans, but he afterwards 
 changed it, like myself, and he is now a rich and prosper- 
 ous man in the south of England. He was ready enough to 
 join the conspiracy, as the only means of saving ourselves, 
 and before we had crossed the Bay there were only two of 
 the prisoners who were not in the secret. One of these was 
 of weak mind, and we did not dare to trust him, and the 
 other was suffering from jaundice, and could not be of any 
 use to us. 
 
 "'From the beginning there was really nothing to prevent 
 us from taking possession of the ship. The crew were a set 
 of ruffians, specially picked for the job. The sham chaplain 
 came into our cells to exhort us, carrying a black bag, sup- 
 posed to be full of tracts, and so often did he come that by 
 the third day we had each stowed away at the foot of our 
 beds a file, a brace of pistols, a pound of powder, and twenty 
 slugs. Two of the warders were agents of Prendergast, and 
 the second mate was his right-hand man. The captain, the 
 two mates, two warders, Lieutenant Martin, his eighteen sol- 
 diers, and the doctor were all that we had against us. Yet, 
 safe as it was, we determined to neglect no precaution, and to 
 make our attack suddenly by night. It came, however, more 
 quickly than we expected, and in this way. 
 
 "'One evening, about the third week after our start, the 
 doctor had come down to see one of ^ae t>risoners who was
 
 THE "GLORIA SCOTT" 87 
 
 ill, and putting his hand down on the bottom of his bunk he 
 felt the outline of the pistols. If he had been silent he might 
 have blown the whole thing, but he was a nervous little chap, 
 so he gave a cry of surprise and turned so pale that the man 
 knew what was up in an instant and seized him. He was 
 gagged before he could give the alarm, and tied down upon 
 the bed. He had unlocked the door that led to the deck, 
 and we were through it in a rush. The two sentries were 
 shot down, and so was a corporal who came running to see 
 what was the matter. There were two more soldiers at the 
 door of the state-room, and their muskets seemed not to be 
 loaded, for they never fired upon us, and they were shot 
 while trying to fix their bayonets. Then we rushed on into 
 the captain's cabin, but as we pushed open the door there 
 was an explosion from within, and there he lay with his 
 brains smeared over the chart of the Atlantic which was 
 pinned upon the table, while the chaplain stood with a smok- 
 ing pistol in his hand at his elbow. The two mates had both 
 been seized by the crew, and the whole business seemed to 
 be settled. 
 
 " The state-room was next the cabin, and we flocked in there 
 and flopped down on the settees, all speaking together, for we 
 were just mad with the feeling that we were free once more. 
 There were lockers all round, and Wilson, the sham chaplain, 
 knocked one of them in, and pulled out a dozen of brown 
 sherry. We cracked off the necks of the bottles, poured the 
 stuff out into tumblers, and were just tossing them off, when 
 in an instant without warning there came the roar of muskets 
 in our ears, and the saloon was so full of smoke that we could 
 not see across the table. When it cleared again the place 
 was a shambles. Wilson and eight others were wriggling on 
 the top of each other on the floor, and the blood and the 
 brown sherry on that table turn me sick now when I think 
 of it. We were so cowed by the sight that I think we should 
 have given the job up if it had not been for Prendergast. He 
 bellowed like a bull and rushed for the door with all that
 
 88 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 were left alive at his heels. Out we ran, and there on the 
 poop were the lieutenant and ten of his men. The swing 
 skylights above the saloon table had been a bit open, and 
 they had fired on us through the slit. We got on them 
 before they could load, and they stood to it like men ; but 
 we had the upper hand of them, and in five minutes it was 
 ail over. My God ! was there ever a slaughter-house like 
 that ship ! Prendergast was like a raging devil, and he 
 picked the soldiers up as if they had been children and 
 threw them overboard alive or dead. There was one ser- 
 geant that was horribly wounded and yet kept on swimming 
 for a surprising time, until some one in mercy blew out his 
 brains. When the fighting was over there was no one left 
 of our enemies except just the warders, the mates, and the 
 doctor. 
 
 " ' It was over them that the great quarrel arose. There 
 were many of us who were glad enough to win back our 
 freedom, and yet who had no wish to have murder on our 
 souls. It was one thing to knock the soldiers over with 
 their muskets in their hands, and it was another to stand by 
 while men were being killed in cold blood. Eight of us, five 
 convicts and three sailors, said that we would not see it 
 done. But there was no moving Prendergast and those who 
 were with him. Our only chance of safety lay in making a 
 clean job of it, said he, and he would not leave a tongue with 
 power to wag in a witness-box. It nearly came to our shar- 
 ing the fate of the prisoners, but at last he said that if we 
 wished we might take a boat and go. We jumped at the 
 offer, for we were already sick of these bloodthirsty doings, 
 and we saw that there would be worse before it was done. 
 We were given a suit of sailor togs each, a barrel of water, 
 two casks, one of junk and one of biscuits, and a compass. 
 Prendergast threw us over a chart, told us that we were 
 shipwrecked mariners whose ship had foundered in Lat. 
 15 and Long. 25 west, and then cut the painter and let 
 us go.
 
 THE "GLORIA SCOTT" 89 
 
 " ' And now I come to the most surprising part of my story, 
 my dear son. The seamen had hauled the fore-yard aback 
 during the rising, but now as we left them they brought it 
 square again, and as there was a light wind from the north 
 and east the bark began to draw slowly away from us. Our 
 boat lay, rising and falling, upon the long, smooth rollers, and 
 Evans and I, who were the most educated of the party, were 
 sitting in the sheets working out our position and planning 
 what coast we should make for. It was a nice question, for 
 the Cape de Verds were about five hundred miles to the 
 north of us, and the African coast about seven hundred to 
 the east. On the whole, as the wind was coming round to 
 the north, we thought that Sierra Leone might be best, and 
 turned our head in that direction, the bark being at that time 
 nearly hull down on our starboard quarter. Suddenly as we 
 looked at her we saw a dense black cloud of smoke shoot up 
 from her, which hung like a monstrous tree upon the sky line. 
 A few seconds later a roar like thunder burst upon our ears, 
 and as the smoke thinned away there was no sign left of the 
 Gloria Scott. In an instant we swept the boat's head round 
 again and pulled with all our strength for the place where the 
 haze still trailing over the water marked the scene of this ca- 
 tastrophe. 
 
 " ' It was a long hour before we reached it, and at first we 
 feared that we had come too late to save any one. A splin- 
 tered boat and a number of crates and fragments of spars ris- 
 ing and falling on the waves showed us where the vessel had 
 foundered ; but there was no sign of life, and we had turned 
 away in despair when we heard a cry for help, and saw at 
 some distance a piece of wreckage with a man lying stretched 
 across it. When we pulled him aboard the boat he proved 
 to be a young seaman of the name of Hudson, who was so 
 burned and exhausted that he could give us no account of 
 what had happened until the following morning. 
 
 " ' It seemed that after we had left, Prendergast and his 
 gang had proceeded to put to death the five remaining pris-
 
 90 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 oners. The two warders had been shot and thrown over- 
 board, and so also had the third mate. Prendergast then 
 descended into the 'tween-decks and with his own hands cut 
 the throat of the unfortunate surgeon. There only remained 
 the first mate, who was a bold and active man. When he 
 saw the convict approaching him with the bloody knife in 
 his hand he kicked off his bonds, which he had somehow 
 contrived to loosen, and rushing down the deck he plunged 
 into the after-hold. A dozen convicts, who descended with 
 their pistols in search of him, found him with a match-box 
 in his hand seated beside an open powder-barrel, which was 
 one of a hundred carried on board, and swearing that he 
 would blow all hands up if he were in any way molested. 
 An instant later the explosion occurred, though Hudson 
 thought it was caused by the misdirected bullet of one of 
 the convicts rather than the mate's match. Be the cause 
 what it may, it was the end of the Gloria Scott and of the 
 rabble who held command of her. 
 
 " ' Such, in a few words, my dear boy, is the history of this 
 terrible business in which I was involved. Next day we were 
 picked up by the brig Hotspur, bound for Australia, whose 
 captain found no difficulty in believing that we were the sur- 
 vivors of a passenger ship which had foundered. The trans- 
 port ship Gloria Scott was set down by the Admiralty as 
 being lost at sea, and no word has ever leaked out as to her 
 true fate. After an excellent voyage the Hotspur landed us 
 at Sydney, where Evans and I changed our names and made 
 our way to the diggings, where, among the crowds who were 
 gathered from all nations, we had no difficulty in losing our 
 former identities. The rest I need not relate. We pros- 
 pered, we travelled, we came back as rich colonials to Eng- 
 land, and we bought country estates. For more than twenty 
 years we have led peaceful and useful lives, and we hoped 
 that our past was forever buried. Imagine, then, my feelings 
 when in the seaman who came to us I recognized instantly 
 the man who had been picked off the wreck. He had tracked
 
 THE "GLORIA SCOTT" 9* 
 
 us down somehow, and had set himself to live upon our fears. 
 You will understand now how it was that I strove to keep 
 the peace with him, and you will in some measure sympathize 
 with me in the fears which fill me, now that he has gone 
 from m to his other victim with threats upon his tongue.' 
 
 " Underneath is written in a hand so shaky as to be hardly 
 legible, ' Beddoes writes in cipher to say H. has told all. 
 Sweet Lord, have mercy on our souls !' 
 
 "That was the narrative which I read that night to young 
 Trevor, and I think, Watson, that under the circumstances it 
 was a dramatic one. The good fellow was heart-broken at it, 
 and went out to the Terai tea planting, where I hear that he 
 is doing well. As to the sailor and Beddoes, neither of them 
 was ever heard of again after that day on which the letter 
 of warning was written. They both disappeared utterly and 
 completely. No complaint had been lodged with the police, 
 so that Beddoes had mistaken a threat for a deed. Hudson 
 had been seen lurking about, and it was believed by the po- 
 lice that he had done away with Beddoes and had fled. For 
 myself I believe that the truth was exactly the opposite. I 
 think that it is most probable that Beddoes, pushed to des- 
 peration and believing himself to have been already betrayed, 
 had revenged himself upon Hudson, and had fled from the 
 country with as much money as he could lay his hands on. 
 Those are the facts of the case, Doctor, and if they are of any 
 use to your collection, I am sure that they are very heartily at 
 your service."
 
 BDventure flflff 
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL 
 
 [N anomaly which often struck me in the charac- 
 ter of my friend Sherlock Holmes was that, 
 although in his methods of thought he was the 
 neatest and most methodical of mankind, and 
 although also he affected a certain quiet prim- 
 ness of dress, he was none the less in his personal habits one 
 of the most untidy men that ever drove a fellow-lodger to dis- 
 traction. Not that I am in the least conventional in that 
 respect myself. The rough-and-tumble work in Afghanistan, 
 coming on the top of a natural Bohemianism of disposition, 
 has made me rather more lax than befits a medical man. 
 But with me there is a limit, and when I find a man who 
 keeps his cigars in the coal-scuttle, his tobacco in the toe 
 end of a Persian slipper, and his unanswered correspondence 
 transfixed by a jack-knife into the very centre of his wooden 
 mantelpiece, then I begin to give myself virtuous airs. I have 
 always held, too, that pistol practice should be distinctly 
 an open-air pastime ; and when Holmes, in one of his queer 
 humors, would sit in an arm-chair with his hair-trigger and a 
 hundred Boxer cartridges, and proceed to adorn the oppo- 
 site wall with a patriotic V. R. done in bullet-pocks, I felt 
 strongly that neither the atmosphere nor the appearance of 
 our room was improved by it. 
 
 Our chambers were always full of chemicals and of crim- 
 inal relics which had a way of wandering into unlikely posi- 
 tions, and of turning up in the butter-dish or in even less 
 desirable places. But his papers were my great crux. He
 
 THE MUSGRAVK RITUAL 93 
 
 had a horror of destroying documents, especially those which 
 were connected with his past cases, and yet it was only once 
 in every year or two that he would muster energy to docket 
 and arrange them ; for, as I have mentioned somewhere in 
 these incoherent memoirs, the outbursts of passionate energy 
 when he performed the remarkable feats with which his name 
 is associated were followed by reactions of lethargy during 
 which he would lie about with his violin and his books, 
 hardly moving save from the sofa to the table. Thus month 
 after month his papers accumulated, until every corner of the 
 room was stacked with bundles of manuseript which were on 
 no account to be burned, and which could not be put away 
 save by their owner. One winter's night, as we sat together 
 by the fire, I ventured to suggest to him that, as he had fin- 
 ished pasting extracts into his common-place book, he might 
 employ the next two hours in making our room a little more 
 habitable. He could not deny the justice of my request, so 
 with a rather rueful face he went off to his bedroom, from 
 which he returned presently pulling a large tin box behind 
 him. This he placed in the middle of the floor, and, squat- 
 ting down upon a stool in front of it, he threw back the lid. 
 1 could see that it was already a third full of bundles of paper 
 tied up with red tape into separate packages. 
 
 " There are cases enough here, Watson," said he, looking 
 at me with mischievous eyes. " I think that if you knew all 
 that I had in this box you would ask me to pull some out 
 instead of putting others in." 
 
 " These are the records of your early work, then ?" I asked. 
 " I have often wished that I had notes of those cases." 
 
 "Yes, my boy, these were all done prematurely before my 
 biographer had come to glorify me." He lifted bundle after 
 bundle in a tender, caressing sort of way. " They are not all 
 successes, Watson," said he. " But there are some pretty lit- 
 tle problems among them. Here's the record of the Tarleton 
 murders, and the case of Vamberry, the wine merchant, and 
 the adventure of the old Russian woman, and the singular
 
 94 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 affair of the aluminium crutch, as well as a full account of 
 Ricoletti of the club-foot, and his abominable wife. And 
 here ah, now, this really is something a little recherche" 
 < He dived his arm down to the bottom of the chest, and 
 brought up a small wooden box with a sliding lid, such as 
 children's toys are kept in. From within he produced a 
 crumpled piece of paper, an old-fashioned brass key, a peg of 
 wood with a ball of string attached to it, and three rusty old 
 disks of metal. 
 
 " Well, my boy, what do you make of this lot ?" he asked, 
 smiling at my expression. 
 
 " It is a curious collection." 
 
 " Very curious, and the story that hangs round it will strike 
 you as being more curious still." 
 
 " These relics have a history, then ?" 
 
 " So much so that they are history." 
 
 " What do you mean by that ?" 
 
 Sherlock Holmes picked them up one by one, and laid 
 them along the edge of the table. Then he reseated himself 
 in his chair and looked them over with a gleam of satisfac- 
 tion in his eyes. 
 
 "These," said he, "are all that I have left to remind me of 
 the adventure of the Musgrave Ritual." 
 
 I had heard him mention the case more than once, though 
 I had never been able to gather the details. " I should be so 
 glad," said I, " if you would give me an account of it." 
 
 "And leave the litter as it is?" he cried, mischievously. 
 "Your tidiness won't bear much strain after all, Watson. 
 But I should be glad that you should add this case to your 
 annals, for there are points in it which make it quite unique in 
 the criminal records of this or, I believe, of any other country. 
 A collection of my trifling achievements would certainly be 
 incomplete which contained no account of this very singular 
 business. 
 
 " You may remember how the affair of the Gloria Scott, and 
 my conversation with the unhappy man whose fate I told you
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL 95 
 
 of, first turned my attention in the direction of the profession 
 which has become my life's work. You see me now when my 
 name has become known far and wide, and when I am gener- 
 ally recognized both by the public and by the official force as 
 being a final court of appeal in doubtful cases. Even when 
 you knew me first, at the time of the affair which you have 
 commemorated in 'A Study in Scarlet,' I had already estab- 
 lished a considerable, though not a very lucrative, connection. 
 You can hardly realize, then, how difficult I found it at first, 
 and how long I had to wait before I succeeded in making any 
 headway. 
 
 "When I first came up to London I had rooms in Mon- 
 tague Street, just round the corner from the British Museum, 
 and there I waited, filling in my too abundant leisure time by 
 studying all those branches of science which might make me 
 more efficient. Now and again cases came in my way, prin- 
 cipally through the introduction of old fellow -students, for 
 during my last years at the University there was a good deal 
 of talk there about myself and my methods. The third of 
 these cases was that of the Musgrave Ritual, and it is to the 
 interest which was aroused by that singular chain of events, 
 and the large issues which proved to be at stake, that I trace 
 my first stride towards the position which I now hold. 
 
 " Reginald Musgrave had been in the same college as my- 
 self, and I had some slight acquaintance with him. He was 
 not generally popular among the undergraduates, though it 
 always seemed to me that what was set down as pride was 
 really an attempt to cover extreme natural diffidence. In ap- 
 pearance he was a man of an exceedingly aristocratic type, thin, 
 high-nosed, and large-eyed, with languid and yet courtly man- 
 ners. He was indeed a scion of one of the very oldest fami- 
 lies in the kingdom, though his branch was a cadet one which 
 had separated from the northern Musgraves some time in the 
 sixteenth century, and had established itself in western Sus- 
 sex, where the Manor House of Hurlstone is perhaps the old- 
 est inhabited building in the county. Something of his birth-
 
 96 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 place seemed to cling to the man, and I never looked at his 
 pale, keen face or the poise of his head without associating 
 him with gray archways and mullioned windows and all the 
 venerable wreckage of a feudal keep. Once or twice we 
 drifted into talk, and I can remember that more than once 
 he expressed a keen interest in my methods of observation 
 and inference. 
 
 " For four years I had seen nothing of him until one morn- 
 ing he walked into my room in Montague Street. He had 
 changed little, was dressed like a young man of fashion 
 he was always a bit of a dandy and preserved the same 
 quiet, suave manner which had formerly distinguished him. 
 
 " ' How has all gone with you, Musgrave ?' I asked, after 
 we had cordially shaken hands. 
 
 " ' You probably heard of my poor father's death,' said he ; 
 'he was carried off about two years ago. Since then I have 
 of course had the Hurlstone estates to manage, and as I am 
 member for my district as well, my life has been a busy one. 
 But I understand, Holmes, that you are turning to practical 
 ends those powers with which you used to amaze us ?' 
 
 " ' Yes,' said I, ' I have taken to living by my wits.' 
 
 " ' I am delighted to hear it, for your advice at present 
 would be exceedingly valuable to me. We have had some 
 very strange doings at Hurlstone, and the police have been 
 able to throw no light upon the matter. It is really the most 
 extraordinary and inexplicable business.' 
 
 "You can imagine with what eagerness I listened to hina, 
 Watson, for the very chance for which I had been panting 
 during all those months of inaction seemed to have come 
 within my reach. In my inmost heart I believed that I could 
 succeed where others failed, and now I had the opportunity to 
 test myself. 
 
 " * Pray, let me have the details/ I cried. 
 
 " Reginald Musgrave sat down opposite to me, and lit the 
 cigarette which I had pushed towards him. 
 
 " ' You must know,' said he, ' that though I am a bachelor,
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL 97 
 
 I have to keep up a considerable staff of servants at Hurl- 
 stone, for it is a rambling old place, and takes a good deal 
 of looking after. I preserve, too, and in the pheasant months 
 I usually have a house-party, so that it would not do to be 
 short-handed. Altogether there are eight maids, the cook, 
 the butler, two footmen, and a boy. The garden and the 
 stables of course have a separate staff. 
 
 " ' Of these servants the one who had been longest in our 
 service was Brunton the butler. He was a young school- 
 master out of place when he was first taken up by my fa- 
 ther, but he was a man of great energy and character, and 
 he soon became quite invaluable in the household. He 
 was a well -grown, handsome man, with a splendid fore- 
 head, and though he has been with us for twenty years 
 he cannot be more than forty now. With his personal ad- 
 vantages and his extraordinary gifts for he can speak sev- 
 eral languages and play nearly every musical instrument 
 it is wonderful that he should have been satisfied so long 
 in such a position, but I suppose that he was comfortable, 
 and lacked energy to make any change. The butler of 
 Hurlstone is always a thing that is remembered by all who 
 visit us. 
 
 " ' But this paragon has one fault. He is a bit of a Don 
 Juan, and you can imagine that for a man like him it is not 
 a very difficult part to play in a quiet country district. When 
 he was married it was all right, but since he has been a wid- 
 ower we have had no end of trouble with him. A few months 
 ago we were in hopes that he was about to settle down again, 
 for he became engaged to Rachel Howells, our second house- 
 maid ; but he has thrown her over since then and taken up 
 with Janet Tregellis, the daughter of the head game-keeper. 
 Rachel who is a very good girl, but of an excitable Welsh 
 temperament had a sharp touch of brain -fever, and goes 
 about the house now or did until yesterday like a black- 
 eyed shadow of her former self. That was our first drama at 
 Hurlstone; but a second one came to drive it from our minds,
 
 98 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 and it was prefaced by the disgrace and dismissal of butlet 
 Brunton. 
 
 " ' This was how it came about. I have said that the man 
 was intelligent, and this very intelligence has caused his ruin, 
 for it seems to have led to an insatiable curiosity about things 
 which did not in the least concern him. I had no idea of the 
 lengths to which this would carry him, until the merest acci- 
 dent opened my eyes to it. 
 
 " ' I have said that the house is a rambling one. One day 
 last week on Thursday night, to be more exact I found that 
 I could not sleep, having foolishly taken a cup of strong cafe 
 noir after my dinner. After struggling against it until two in 
 the morning, I felt that it was quite hopeless, so I rose and 
 lit the candle with the intention of continuing a novel which 
 I was reading. The book, however, had been left in the bill- 
 iard-room, so I pulled on my dressing-gown and started off to 
 get it. 
 
 " ' In order to reach the billiard-room I had to descend a 
 flight of stairs and then to cross the head of a passage which 
 led to the library and the gun-room. You can imagine my sur- 
 prise when, as I looked down this corridor, I saw a glimmer 
 of light coming from the open door of the library. I had my- 
 self extinguished the lamp and closed the door before coming 
 to bed. Naturally my first thought was of burglars. The cor- 
 ridors at Hurlstone have their walls largely decorated with 
 trophies of old weapons. From one of these I picked a bat- 
 tle-axe, and then, leaving my candle behind me, I crept on 
 tiptoe down the passage and peeped in at the open door. 
 
 " ' Brunton, the butler, was in the library. He was sitting, 
 fully dressed, in an easy -chair, with a slip of paper which 
 looked like a map upon his knee, and his forehead sunk for- 
 ward upon his hand in deep thought. I stood dumb with 
 astonishment, watching him from the darkness. A small taper 
 on the edge of the table shed a feeble light which sufficed to 
 show me that he was fully dressed. Suddenly, as I looked, 
 he rose from his chair, and walking over to a bureau at the
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL 99 
 
 side, he unlocked it and drew out one of the drawers. From 
 this he took a paper, and returning to his seat he flattened it 
 out beside the taper on the edge of the table, and began to 
 study it with minute attention. My indignation at this calm 
 examination of our family documents overcame me so far that 
 I took a step forward, and Brunton, looking up, saw me stand- 
 ing in the doorway. He sprang to his feet, his face turned 
 livid with fear, and he thrust into his breast the chart-like 
 paper which he had been originally studying. 
 
 " ' " So !*' said I. " This is how you repay the trust which 
 we have reposed in you. You will leave my service to-mor- 
 row." 
 
 " ' He bowed with the look of a man who is utterly crushed, 
 and slunk past me without a word. The taper was still on 
 the table, and by its light I glanced to see what the paper 
 was which Brunton had taken from the bureau. To my sur- 
 prise it was nothing of any importance at all, but simply a 
 copy of the questions and answers in the singular old ob- 
 servance called the Musgrave Ritual. It is a sort of cere- 
 mony peculiar to our family, which each Musgrave for cent- 
 uries past has gone through on his coming of age a thing 
 of private interest, and perhaps of some little importance to 
 the archaeologist, like our own blazonings and charges, but of 
 no practical use whatever.' 
 
 '"We had better come back to the paper afterwards,' 
 said I. 
 
 " ' If you think it really necessary,' he answered, with some 
 hesitation. ' To continue my statement, however : I relocked 
 the bureau, using the key which Brunton had left, and I had 
 turned to go when I was surprised to find that the butler had 
 returned, and was standing before me. 
 
 " ' " Mr. Musgrave, sir," he cried, in a voice which was 
 hoarse with emotion, " I can't bear disgrace, sir. I've always 
 been proud above my station in life, and disgrace would kill 
 me. My blood will be on your head, sir it will, indeed 
 if you drive me to despair. If you cannot keep me after
 
 JOO MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 what has passed, then for God's sake let me give you notice 
 and leave in a month, as if of my own free will. I could stand 
 that, Mr. Musgrave, but not to be cast out before all the folk 
 that I know so well." 
 
 < you don't deserve much consideration, Brunton," I 
 answered. " Your conduct has been most infamous. How- 
 ever, as you have been a long time in the family, I have no 
 wish to bring public disgrace upon you. A month, however, 
 is too long. Take yourself away in a week, and give what rea- 
 son you like for going." 
 
 " ' " Only a week, sir ?" he cried, in a despairing vo^ce. " A 
 fortnight say at least a fortnight !" 
 
 " ' " A week," I repeated, " and you may consider yoursek 
 to have been very leniently dealt with." 
 
 "'He crept away, his face sunk upon his breast, like a 
 broken man, while I put out the light and returned to my room. 
 
 " ' For two days after this Brunton was most assiduous in 
 his attention to his duties. I made no allusion to what had 
 passed, and waited with some curiosity to see how he would 
 cover his disgrace. On the third morning, however, he did 
 not appear, as was his custom, after breakfast to receive my 
 instructions for the day. As I left the dining-room I hap- 
 pened to meet Rachel Howells, the maid. I have told you 
 that she had only recently recovered from an illness, and was 
 looking so wretchedly pale and wan that I remonstrated with 
 her for being at work. 
 
 < t< YOU should be in bed," I said. " Come back to your 
 duties when you are stronger." 
 
 " ' She looked at me with so strange an expression that I 
 began to suspect that her brain was affected. 
 
 " ' " I am strong enough, Mr. Musgrave," said she. 
 
 "'"We will see what the doctor says," I answered. "You 
 must stop work now, and when you go downstairs just say 
 that I wish to see Brunton." 
 
 " " The butler is gone," said she.
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL IOI 
 
 " ' " Gone ! Gone where ?" 
 
 " ' " He is gone. No one has seen him. He is not in his 
 room. Oh, yes, he is gone, he is gone !" She fell back against 
 the wall with shriek after shriek of laughter, while I, horrified 
 at this sudden hysterical attack, rushed to the bell to sum- 
 mon help. The girl was taken to her room, still screaming 
 and sobbing, while I made inquiries about Brunton. There 
 was no doubt about it that he had disappeared. His bed 
 had not been slept in, he had been seen by no one since he 
 had retired to his room the night before, and yet it was diffi- 
 cult to see how he could have left the house, as both windows 
 and doors were found to be fastened in the morning. His 
 clothes, his watch, and even his money were in his room, but 
 the black suit which he usually wore was missing. His slip- 
 pers, too, were gone, but his boots were left behind. Where 
 then could butler Brunton have gone in the night, and what 
 could have become of him now ? 
 
 " ' Of course we searched the house from cellar to garret, 
 but there was no trace of him. It is, as I have said, a laby- 
 rinth of an old house, especially the original wing, which is 
 now practically uninhabited ; but we ransacked every room and 
 cellar without discovering the least sign of the missing man. 
 It was incredible to me that he could have gone away leaving 
 all his property behind him, and yet where could he be ? I 
 called in the local police, but without success. Rain had fallen 
 on the night before, and we examined the lawn and the paths 
 all round the house, but in vain. Matters were in this state, 
 when a new development quite drew our attention away from 
 the original mystery. 
 
 " ' For two days Rachel Howells had been so ill, sometimes 
 delirious, sometimes hysterical, that a nurse had been em- 
 ployed to sit up with her at night. On the third night after 
 Brunton's disappearance, the nurse, finding her patient sleep- 
 ing nicely, had dropped into a nap in the arm-chair, when she 
 woke in the early morning to find the bed empty, the window 
 open, and no signs of the invalid. I was instantly aroused,
 
 102 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 and, with the two footmen, started off at once in search of the 
 missing girl. It was not difficult to tell the direction which 
 she had taken, for, starting from under her window, we could 
 follow her footmarks easily across the lawn to the edge of 
 the mere, where they vanished close to the gravel path which 
 leads out of the grounds. The lake there is eight feet deep, 
 and you can imagine our feelings when we saw that the trail 
 of the poor demented girl came to an end at the edge of it 
 
 " ' Of course, we had the drags at once, and set to work to 
 recover the remains, but no trace of the body could we find. 
 On the other hand, we brought to the surface an object of a 
 most unexpected kind. It was a linen bag which contained 
 within it a mass of old rusted and discolored metal and sev- 
 eral dull-colored pieces of pebble or glass. This strange find 
 was all that we could get from the mere, and, although we made 
 every possible search and inquiry yesterday, we know nothing 
 of the fate either of Rachel Howells or of Richard Brunton. 
 The county police are at their wits' end, and I have come up 
 to you as a last resource.' 
 
 " You can imagine, Watson, with what eagerness I listened 
 to this extraordinary sequence of events, and endeavored to 
 piece them together, and to devise some common thread upon 
 which they might all hang. The butler was gone. The maid 
 was gone. The maid had loved the butler, but had afterwards 
 had cause to hate him. She was of Welsh blood, fiery and 
 passionate. She had been terribly excited immediately after 
 his disappearance. She had flung into the lake a bag con- 
 taining some curious contents. These were all factors which 
 had to be taken into consideration, and yet none of them got 
 quite to the heart of the matter. What was the starting-point 
 of this chain of events ? There lay the end of this tangled line. 
 
 " ' I must see that paper, Musgrave,' said I, ' which this 
 butler of yours thought it worth his while to consult, even at 
 the risk of the loss of his place.' 
 
 " ' It is rather an absurd business, this ritual of ours,' he 
 answered. ' But it has at least the saving grace of antiquity
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL 103 
 
 to excuse it I have a copy of the questions and answers 
 here if you care to run your eye over them.' 
 
 " He handed me the very paper which I have here, Watson, 
 and this is the strange catechism to which each Musgrave had 
 to submit when he came to man's estate. I will read you the 
 questions and answers as they stand. 
 
 " ' Whose was it ?' 
 
 " ' His who is gone.' 
 
 " ' Who shall have it ?' 
 
 " ' He who will come.' 
 
 " ' Where was the sun ?' 
 
 " ' Over the oak.' 
 
 " ' Where was the shadow ?' 
 
 " * Under the elm.' 
 
 " ' How was it stepped ?' 
 
 " ' North by ten and by ten, east by five and by five, south 
 by two and by two, west by one and by one, and so under.' 
 
 " ' What shall we give for it ?' 
 
 ." ' All that is ours.' 
 
 " ' Why should we give it ?' 
 
 " ' For the sake of the trust.' 
 
 " ' The original has no date, but is in the spelling of the 
 middle of the seventeenth century,' remarked Musgrave. ' I 
 am afraid, however, that it can be of little help to you in solv- 
 ing this mystery.' 
 
 " ' At least,' said I, ' it gives us another mystery, and one 
 which is even more interesting than the first. It may be that 
 the solution of the one may prove to be the solution of the 
 other. You will excuse me, Musgrave, if I say that your butler 
 appears to me to have been a very clever man, and to have 
 had a clearer insight than ten generations of his masters.' 
 
 " ' I hardly follow you,' said Musgrave. ' The paper seems 
 to me to be of no practical importance.' 
 
 " ' But to me it seems immensely practical, and I fancy 
 that Brunton took the same view. He had probably seen it 
 before that night on which you caught him.'
 
 104 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " ' It is very possible. We took no pains to hide it.' 
 
 "'He simply wished, I should imagine, to refresh his 
 memory upon that last occasion. He had, as I understand, 
 some sort of map or chart which he was comparing with the 
 manuscript, and which he thrust into his pocket when you 
 appeared.' 
 
 " ' That is true. But what could he have to do with this 
 old family custom of ours, and what does this rigmarole 
 mean ?' 
 
 " ' I don't think that we should have much difficulty in 
 determining that,' said I ; 'with your permission we will take 
 the first train down to Sussex, and go a little more deeply 
 into the matter upon the spot.' 
 
 " The same afternoon saw us both at Hurlstone. Possibly 
 you have seen pictures and read descriptions of the famous 
 old building, so I will confine my account of it to saying that 
 it is built in the shape of an L, the long arm being the more 
 modern portion, and the shorter the ancient nucleus, from 
 which the other has developed. Over the low, heavy-lintelled 
 door, in the centre of this old part, is chiselled the date, 1607, 
 but experts are agreed that the beams and stone-work are 
 really much older than this. The enormously thick walls and 
 tiny windows of this part had in the last century driven the 
 family into building the new wing, and the old one was used 
 now as a store-house and a cellar, when it was used at all. A 
 splendid park with fine old timber surrounds the house, and 
 the lake, to which my client had referred, lay close to the 
 avenue, about two hundred yards from the building. 
 
 " I was already firmly convinced, Watson, that there were 
 not three separate mysteries here, but one only, and that if I 
 could read the Musgrave Ritual aright I should hold in my 
 hand the clue which would lead me to the truth concerning 
 both the butler Brunton and the maid Howells. To that then 
 I turned all my energies. Why should this servant be so anx- 
 ious to master this old formula? Evidently because he saw
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL 105 
 
 something in it which had escaped all those generations of 
 country squires, and from which he expected some personal 
 advantage. What was it then, and how had it affected his 
 fate? 
 
 "It was perfectly obvious to me, on reading the ritual, that 
 the measurements must refer to some spot to which the rest 
 of the document alluded, and that if we could find that spot, 
 we should be in a fair way towards finding what the secret 
 was which the old Musgraves had thought it necessary to 
 embalm in so curious a fashion. There were two guides 
 given us to start with, an oak and an elm. As to the oak 
 there could be no question at all. Right in front of the 
 house, upon the left-hand side of the drive, there stood a 
 patriarch among oaks, one of the most magnificent trees that 
 I have ever seen. 
 
 " ' That was there when your ritual was drawn up,' said I, 
 as we drove past it. 
 
 " ' It was there at the Norman Conquest in all probability,' 
 he answered. ' It has a girth of twenty-three feet.' 
 
 " Here was one of my fixed points secured. 
 
 " ' Have you any old elms ?' I asked. 
 
 "'There used to be a very old one over yonder, but it 
 was struck by lightning ten years ago, and we cut down the 
 stump.' 
 
 " ' You can see where it used to be ?* 
 
 " ' Oh, yes.' 
 
 " ' There are no other elms ?' 
 
 " ' No old ones, but plenty of beeches.' 
 
 " ' I should like to see where it grew.' 
 
 "We had driven up in a dogcart, and my client led me 
 away at once, without our entering the house, to the scar on 
 the lawn where the elm had stood. It was nearly midway 
 between the oak and the house. My investigation seemed to 
 be progressing. 
 
 " ' I suppose it is impossible to find out how high the elm 
 was ?' I asked-
 
 106 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " ' I can give you it at once. It was sixty-four feet.' 
 
 " ' How do you come to know it ?' I asked, in surprise. 
 
 " ' When my old tutor used to give me an exercise in 
 onometry, it always took the shape of measuring heights. 
 When I was a lad I worked out every tree and building in 
 the estate.' 
 
 " This was an unexpected piece of luck. My data were 
 coming more quickly than I could have reasonably hoped. 
 
 " ' Tell me/ I asked, ' did your butler ever ask you such a 
 question ?' 
 
 " Reginald Musgrave looked at me in astonishment. ' Now 
 that you call it to my mind,' he answered, ' Brunton did ask 
 me about the height of the tree some months ago, in connec- 
 tion with some little argument with the groom.' 
 
 " This was excellent news, Watson, for it showed me that I 
 was on the right road. I looked up at the sun. It was low 
 in the heavens, and I calculated that in less than an hour it 
 would lie just above the topmost branches of the old oak. 
 One condition mentioned in the Ritual would then be fulfilled. 
 And the shadow of the elm must mean the farther end of the 
 shadow, otherwise the trunk would have been chosen as the 
 guide. I had, then, to find where the far end of the shadow 
 would fall when the sun was just clear of the oak." 
 
 " That must have been difficult, Holmes, when the elm was 
 no longer there." 
 
 " Well, at least I knew that if Brunton could do it, I could 
 also. Besides, there was no real difficulty. I went with Mus- 
 grave to his study and whittled myself this peg, to which I 
 tied this long string with a knot at each yard. Then I took 
 two lengths of a fishing-rod, which came to just six feet, and I 
 went back with my client to where the elm had been. The 
 sun was just grazing the top of the oak. I fastened the rod 
 on end, marked out the direction of the shadow, and meas- 
 ured it It was nine feet in length. 
 
 " Of course the calculation now was a simple one. If a rod 
 of six feet threw a shadow of nine, a tree of sixty-four feet
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL 107 
 
 would throw one of ninety-six, and the line of the one would 
 of course be the line of the other. I measured out the dis- 
 tance, which brought me almost to the wall of the house, and 
 I thrust a peg into the spot. You can imagine my exultation, 
 Watson, when within two inches of my peg I saw a conical 
 depression in the ground. I knew that it was the mark made 
 by Brunton in his measurements, and that I was still upon his 
 trail. 
 
 " From this starting-point I proceeded to step, having first 
 taken the cardinal points by my pocket-compass. Ten steps 
 with each foot took me along parallel with the wall of the 
 house, and again I marked my spot with a peg. Then I care- 
 fully paced off five to the east and two to the south. It 
 brought me to the very threshold of the old door. Two steps 
 to the west meant now that I was to go two paces down the 
 stone-flagged passage, and this was the place indicated by the 
 Ritual. 
 
 " Never have I felt such a cold chill of disappointment, 
 Watson. For a moment it seemed to me that there must be 
 some radical mistake in my calculations. The setting sun 
 shone full upon the passage floor, and I could see that the 
 old, foot -worn gray stones with which it was paved were 
 firmly cemented together, and had certainly not been moved 
 for many a long year. Brunton had not been at work here. 
 I tapped upon the floor, but it sounded the same all over, and 
 there was no sign of any crack or crevice. But, fortunately, 
 Musgrave, who had begun to appreciate the meaning of my 
 proceedings, and who was now as excited as myself, took out 
 his manuscript to check my calculations. 
 
 " ' And under,' he cried. ' You have omitted the " and 
 under." ' 
 
 " I had thought that it meant that we were to dig, but now, 
 of course, I saw at once that I was wrong. ' There is a cellar 
 under this then ?' I cried. 
 
 " ' Yes, and as old as the house. Down here, through this 
 door.'
 
 105 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " We went down a winding stone stair, and my companion, 
 striking a match, lit a large lantern which stood on a barrel 
 in the corner. In an instant it was obvious that we had at last 
 come upon the true place, and that we had not been the only 
 people to visit the spot recently. 
 
 " It had been used for the storage of wood, but the billets, 
 which had evidently been littered over the floor, were now 
 piled at the sides, so as to leave a clear space in the middle. 
 In this space lay a large and heavy flagstone with a rusted 
 iron ring in the centre to which a thick shepherd's-check muf- 
 fler was attached. 
 
 " ' By Jove !' cried my client. ' That's Brunton's muffler. I 
 have seen it on him, and could swear to it. What has the vil- 
 lain been doing here ?' 
 
 " At my suggestion a couple of the county police were sum- 
 moned to be present, and I then endeavored to raise the stone 
 by pulling on the cravat. I could only move it slightly, and it 
 was with the aid of one of the constables that I succeeded at 
 last in carrying it to one side. A black hole yawned beneath 
 into which we all peered, while Musgrave, kneeling at the side, 
 pushed down the lantern. 
 
 "A small chamber about seven feet deep and four feet 
 square lay open to us. At one side of this was a squat, brass- 
 bound wooden box, the lid of which was hinged upwards, with 
 this curious old-fashioned key projecting from the lock. It 
 was furred outside by a thick layer of dust, and damp and 
 worms had eaten through the wood, so that a crop of livid 
 fungi was growing on the inside of it. Several discs of 
 metal, old coins apparently, such as I hold here, were scat- 
 tered over the bottom of the box, but it contained nothing 
 else. 
 
 " At the moment, however, we had no thought for the old 
 chest, for our eyes were riveted upon that which crouched 
 beside it. It was the figure of a man, clad in a suit of black, 
 who squatted down upon his hams with his forehead sunk 
 upen the edge of the box and his two arms thrown out on
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL 109 
 
 each side of it. The attitude had drawn all the stagnant 
 blood to the face, and no man could have recognized that 
 distorted liver-colored countenance ; but his height, his dress, 
 and his hair were all sufficient to show my client, when we 
 had drawn the body up, that it was indeed his missing butler. 
 He had been dead some days, but there was no wound or 
 bruise upon his person to show how he had met his dreadful 
 end. When his body had been carried from the cellar we 
 found ourselves still confronted with a problem which was 
 almost as formidable as that with which we had started. 
 
 " I confess that so far, Watson, I had been disappointed in 
 my investigation. I had reckoned upon solving the matter 
 when once I had found the place referred to in the Ritual ; 
 but now I was there, and was apparently as far as ever from 
 knowing what it was which the family had concealed with 
 such elaborate precautions. It is true that I had thrown a 
 light upon the fate of Brunton, but now I had to ascertain 
 how that fate had come upon him, and what part had been 
 played in the matter by the woman who had disappeared. I 
 sat down upon a keg in the corner and thought the whole 
 matter carefully over. 
 
 "You know my methods in such cases, Watson. I put 
 myself in the man's place and, having first gauged his intelli- 
 gence, I try to imagine how I should myself have proceeded 
 under the same circumstances. In this case the matter was 
 simplified by Brunton's intelligence being quite first-rate, so 
 that it was unnecessary to make any allowance for the per- 
 sonal equation, as the astronomers have dubbed it. He knew 
 that something valuable was concealed. He had spotted the 
 place. He found that the stone which covered it was just too 
 heavy for a man to move unaided. What would he do next ? 
 He could not get help from outside, even if he had some one 
 whom he could trust, without the unbarring of doors and con- 
 siderable risk of detection. It was better, if he could, to have 
 his helpmate inside the house. But whom could he ask ? This 
 girl had been devoted to him. A man always finds it hard tq
 
 HO MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 realize that he may have finally lost a woman's love, however 
 badly he may have treated her. He would try by a few atten- 
 tions to make his peace with the girl Howells, and then would 
 engage her as his accomplice. Together they would come at 
 night to the cellar, and their united force would suffice to 
 raise the stone. So far I could follow their actions as if I 
 had actually seen them. 
 
 " But for two of them, and one a woman, it must have been 
 heavy work the raising of that stone. A burly Sussex police- 
 man and I had found it no light job. What would they do 
 to assist them ? Probably what I should have done myself. 
 I rose and examined carefully the different billets of wood 
 which were scattered round the floor. Almost at once I 
 came upon what I expected. One piece, about three feet in 
 length, had a very marked indentation at one end, while sev- 
 eral were flattened at the sides as if they had been com- 
 pressed by some considerable weight. Evidently, as they 
 had dragged the stone up they had thrust the chunks of 
 wood into the chink, until at last, when the opening was large 
 enough to crawl through, they would hold it open by a billet 
 placed lengthwise, which might very well become indented at 
 the lower end, since the whole weight of the stone would press 
 it down on to the edge of this other slab. So far I was still 
 on safe ground. 
 
 " And now how was I to proceed to reconstruct this mid- 
 night drama? Clearly, only one could fit into the hole, and 
 that one was Brunton. The girl must have waited above. 
 Brunton then unlocked the box, handed up the contents pre- 
 sumably since they were not to be found and then and 
 then what happened ? 
 
 " What smouldering fire of vengeance had suddenly sprung 
 into flame in this passionate Celtic woman's soul when she saw 
 the man who had wronged her wronged her, perhaps, far 
 more than we suspected in her power ? Was it a chance that 
 the wood had slipped, and that the stone had shut Brunton into 
 what had become his sepulchre ? Had she only been guilty
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL III 
 
 of silence as to his fate ? Or had some sudden blow from 
 her hand dashed the support away and sent the slab crashing 
 down into its place ? Be that as it might, I seemed to see that 
 woman's figure still clutching at her treasure trove and flying 
 wildly up the winding stair, with her ears ringing perhaps 
 with the muffled screams from behind her and with the drum- 
 ming of frenzied hands against the slab of stone which was 
 choking her faithless lover's life out. 
 
 "Here was the secret of her blanched face, her shaken 
 nerves, her peals of hysterical laughter on the next morning. 
 But what had been in the box? What had she done with 
 that ? Of course, it must have been the old metal and peb- 
 bles which my client had dragged from the mere. She had 
 thrown them in there at the first opportunity to remove the 
 last trace of her crime. 
 
 " For twenty minutes I had sat motionless, thinking the 
 matter out Musgrave still stood with a very pale face, swing- 
 ing his lantern and peering down into the hole. 
 
 " l These are coins of Charles the First,' said he, holding out 
 the few which had been in the box ; ' you see we were right in 
 fixing our date for the Ritual.' 
 
 " ' We may find something else of Charles the First,' I cried, 
 as the probable meaning of the first two questions of the Rit- 
 ual broke suddenly upon me. ' Let me see the contents of 
 the bag which you fished from the mere.' 
 
 " We ascended to his study, and he laid the debris before 
 me. I could understand his regarding it as of small impor- 
 tance when I looked at it, for the metal was almost black and 
 the stones lustreless and dull. I rubbed one of them on my 
 sleeve, however, and it glowed afterwards like a spark in the 
 dark hollow of my hand. The metal work was in the form 
 of a double ring, but it had been bent and twisted out of its 
 original shape. 
 
 "'You must bear in mind,' said I, 'that the royal party 
 made head in England even after the death of the king, and 
 that when they at last fled they probably left many of their
 
 112 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 most precious possessions buried behind them, with the in- 
 tention of returning for them in more peaceful times.' 
 
 " ' My ancestor, Sir Ralph Musgrave, was a prominent Cav- 
 alier and the right-hand man of Charles the Second in his 
 wanderings,' said my friend. 
 
 " ' Ah, indeed !' I answered. ' Well now, I think that really 
 should give us the last link that we wanted. I must congrat- 
 ulate you on coming into the possession, though in rather a 
 tragic manner, of a relic which is of great intrinsic value, but 
 of even greater importance as an historical curiosity.' 
 
 " ' What is it, then ?' he gasped in astonishment. 
 
 " ' It is nothing less than the ancient crown of the kings 
 of England.' 
 
 " ' The crown !' 
 
 " * Precisely. Consider what the Ritual says. How does 
 it run ? " Whose was it ?" " His who is gone." That was 
 after the execution of Charles. Then, " Who shall have it ?" 
 " He who will come." That was Charles the Second, whose 
 advent was already foreseen. There can, I think, be no doubt 
 that this battered and shapeless diadem once encircled the 
 brows of the royal Stuarts.' 
 
 " ' And how came it in the pond ?' 
 
 ** ' Ah, that is a question that will take some time to an- 
 swer.' And with that I sketched out to him the whole long 
 chain of surmise and of proof which I had constructed. The 
 twilight had closed in and the moon was shining brightly in 
 the sky before my narrative was finished. 
 
 u * And how was it then that Charles did not get his crown 
 when he returned?' asked Musgrave, pushing back the relic 
 into its linen bag. 
 
 '* ' Ah, there you lay your finger upon the one point which 
 we shall probably never be able to clear up. It is likely that 
 the Musgrave who held the secret died in the interval, and 
 by some oversight left this guide to his descendant without 
 explaining the meaning of it. From that day to this it has 
 been handed down from father to son, until at last it came
 
 THE MUSGRAVE RITUAL IIJ 
 
 within reach of a man who tore its secret out of it and lost 
 his life in the venture.' 
 
 "And that's the story of the Musgrave Ritual, Watson. 
 They have the crown down at Hurlstone though they had 
 some legal bother and a considerable sum to pay before they 
 were allowed to retain it. I am sure that if you mentioned 
 my name they would be happy to show it to you. Of the 
 woman nothing was ever heard, and the probability is that 
 she got away out of England and carried herself and the 
 memory of ner crime to some land beyond the seas."
 
 BOventure flDfff 
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 
 
 was some time before the health of my friend 
 Mr. Sherlock Holmes recovered from the strain 
 caused by his immense exertions in the spring 
 of '87. The whole question of the Netherland- 
 Sumatra Company and of the colossal schemes 
 of Baron Maupertuis are too recent in the minds of the 
 public, and are too intimately concerned with politics and 
 finance to be fitting subjects for this series of sketches. 
 They led, however, in an indirect fashion to a singular and 
 complex problem which gave my friend an opportunity of 
 demonstrating the value of a fresh weapon among the many 
 with which he waged his life-long battle against crime. 
 
 On referring to my notes I see that it was upon the i4th of 
 April that I received a telegram from Lyons which informed 
 me that Holmes was lying ill in the Hotel Dulong. Within 
 twenty-four hours I was in his sick-room, and was relieved 
 to find that there was nothing formidable in his symptoms. 
 Even his iron constitution, however, had broken down under 
 the strain of an investigation which had extended over two 
 months, during which period he had never worked less than 
 fifteen hours a day, and had more than once, as he assured 
 me, kept to his task for five days at a stretch. Even the 
 triumphant issue of his labors could not save him from reac- 
 tion after so terrible an exertion, and at a time when Europe 
 was ringing with his name and when his room was literally 
 ankle-deep with congratulatory telegrams I found him a prey 
 to the blackest depression. Even the knowledge that he had
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 115 
 
 succeeded where the police of three countries had failed, and 
 that he had outmanoeuvred at every point the most accom- 
 plished swindler in Europe, was insufficient to rouse him from 
 his nervous prostration. 
 
 Three days later we were back in Baker Street together ; 
 but it was evident that my friend would be much the better 
 for a change, and the thought of a week of spring time in the 
 country was full of attractions to me also. My old friend, 
 Colonel Hayter, who had come under my professional care in 
 Afghanistan, had now taken a house near Reigate in Surrey, 
 and had frequently asked me to come down to him upon a 
 visit. On the last occasion he had remarked that if my friend 
 would only come with me he would be glad to extend his 
 hospitality to him also. A little diplomacy was needed, but 
 when Holmes understood that the establishment was a bach- 
 elor one, and that he would be allowed the fullest freedom, 
 he fell in with my plans and a week after our return from 
 Lyons we were under the Colonel's roof. Hayter was a 
 fine old soldier who had seen much of the world, and he soon 
 found, as I had expected, that Holmes and he had much in 
 common. 
 
 On the evening of our arrival we were sitting in the Colo- 
 nel's gun-room after dinner, Holmes stretched upon the sofa, 
 while Hayter and I looked over his little armory of Eastern 
 weapons. 
 
 " By the way," said he suddenly, " I think I'll take one of 
 these pistols upstairs with me in case we have an alarm." 
 
 " An alarm !" said I. 
 
 " Yes, we've had a scare in this part lately. Old Acton, 
 who is one of our county magnates, had his house broken into 
 last Monday. No great damage done, but the fellows are 
 still at large." 
 
 " No clue ?" asked Holmes, cocking his eye at the Colonel. 
 
 " None as yet. But the affair is a petty one, one of our 
 little country crimes, which must seem too small for your 
 attention, Mr. Holmes, after this great international affair."
 
 Il6 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 Holmes waved away the compliment, though his smile 
 showed that it had pleased him. 
 
 " Was there any feature of interest ?" 
 
 " I fancy not. The thieves ransacked the library and got 
 very little for their pains. The whole place was turned upside 
 down, drawers burst open, and presses ransacked, with the 
 result that an odd volume of Pope's ' Homer,' two plated can- 
 dlesticks, an ivory letter-weight, a small oak barometer, and 
 a ball of twine are all that have vanished." 
 
 " What an extraordinary assortment !" I exclaimed. 
 
 " Oh, the fellows evidently grabbed hold of everything they 
 could get." 
 
 Holmes grunted from the sofa. 
 
 "The county police ought to make something of that," 
 said he ; " why, it is surely obvious that " 
 
 But I held up a warning finger. 
 
 " You are here for a rest, my dear fellow. For Heaven's 
 sake don't get started on a new problem when your nerves 
 are all in shreds." 
 
 Holmes shrugged his shoulders with a glance of comic res- 
 ignation towards the Colonel, and the talk drifted away into 
 less dangerous channels. 
 
 It was destined, however, that all my professional caution 
 should be wasted, for next morning the problem obtruded it- 
 self upon us in such a way that it was impossible to ignore it, 
 and our country visit took a turn which neither of us could 
 have anticipated. We were at breakfast when the Colonel's 
 butler rushed in with all his propriety shaken out of him. 
 
 " Have you heard the news, sir ?" he gasped. " At the Cun- 
 ningham's, sir!" 
 
 " Burglary!" cried the Colonel, with his coffee-cup in mid-air. 
 
 "Murder!" 
 
 The Colonel whistled. " By Jove !" said he. " Who's killed, 
 then ? The J. P. or his son ?" 
 
 " Neither, sir. It was William the coachman. Shot through 
 the heart, sir, and never spoke again."
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE llj 
 
 " Wko shot him, then ?" 
 
 "The burglar, sir. He was off like a shot and got clean 
 away. He'd just broke in at the pantry window when Will- 
 iam came on him and met his end in saving his master's 
 property." 
 
 " What time ?" 
 
 " It was last night, sir, somewhere about twelve." 
 
 "Ah, then, we'll step over afterwards," said the Colonel, 
 coolly settling down to his breakfast again. " It's a bad- 
 dish business," he added when the butler had gone : " he's 
 our leading man about here, is old Cunningham, and a very 
 decent fellow too. He'll be cut up over this, for the man 
 has been in his service for years and was a good servant 
 It's evidently the same villains who broke into Acton's." 
 
 "And stole that very singular collection," said Holmes, 
 thoughtfully. 
 
 "Precisely." 
 
 " Hum ! It may prove the simplest matter in the world, 
 but all the same at first glance this is just a little curious, is 
 it not? A gang of burglars acting in the country might be 
 expected to vary the scene of their operations, and not to 
 crack two cribs in the same district within a few days. When 
 you spoke last night of taking precautions I remember that it 
 passed through my mind that this was probably the last par- 
 ish in England to which the thief or thieves would be likely 
 to turn their attention which shows that I have still mudh 
 to learn." 
 
 " I fancy it's some local practitioner," said the Colonel. 
 " In that case, of course, Acton's and Cunningham's are just 
 the places he would go for, since they are far the largest 
 about here." 
 
 " And richest ?" 
 
 "Well, they ought to be, but they've had a lawsuit for 
 some years which has sucked the blood out of both of them, 
 I fancy. Old Acton has some claim on half Cunningham's 
 estate, and the lawyers have been at it with both hands."
 
 Il8 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " If it's a local villain there should not be much difficulty 
 in running him down," said Holmes with a yawn. " All right, 
 Watson, I don't intend to meddle." 
 
 " Inspector Forrester, sir," said the butler, throwing open 
 the door. 
 
 The official, a smart, keen-faced young fellow, stepped into 
 the room. " Good-morning, Colonel," said he ; "I hope I 
 don't intrude, but we hear that Mr. Holmes of Baker Street is 
 here." 
 
 The Colonel waved his hand towards my friend, and the 
 Inspector bowed. 
 
 " We thought that perhaps you would care to step across, 
 Mr. Holmes." 
 
 "The fates are against you, Watson," said he, laughing. 
 "We were chatting about the matter when you came in, In- 
 spector. Perhaps you can let us have a few details." As he 
 leaned back in his chair in the familiar attitude I knew that 
 the case was hopeless. 
 
 "We had no clue in the Acton affair. But here we have 
 plenty to go on, and there's no doubt it is the same party in 
 each case. The man was seen." 
 
 "Ah!" 
 
 " Yes, sir. But he was off like a deer after the shot that 
 killed poor William Kirwan was fired. Mr. Cunningham saw 
 him from the bedroom window, and Mr. Alec Cunningham 
 saw him from the back passage. It was quarter to twelve 
 when the alarm broke out. Mr. Cunningham had just got 
 into bed, and Mr. Alec was smoking a pipe in his dressing- 
 gown. They both heard William the coachman calling for 
 help, and Mr. Alec ran down to see what was the matter. The 
 back door was open, and as he came to the foot of the stairs 
 he saw two men wrestling together outside. One of them 
 fired a shot, the other dropped, and the murderer rushed 
 across the garden and over the hedge. Mr. Cunningham, 
 looking out of his bedroom, saw the fellow as he gained the 
 road, but lost sight of him at once. Mr. Alec stopped to
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 119 
 
 see if he could help the dying man, and so the villain got 
 clean away. Beyond the fact that he was a middle-sized man 
 and dressed in some dark stuff, we have no personal clue; 
 but we are making energetic inquiries, and if he is a stranger 
 we shall soon find him out." 
 
 " What was this William doing there ? Did he say anything 
 before he died ?" 
 
 " Not a word. He lives at the lodge with his mother, and 
 as he was a very faithful fellow we imagine that he walked up 
 to the house with the intention of seeing that all was right 
 there. Of course this Acton business has put every one on 
 their guard. The robber must have just burst open the door 
 the lock has been forced when William came upon him." 
 
 " Did William say anything to his mother before going out?" 
 
 " She is very old and deaf, and we can get no information 
 from her. The shock has made her half-witted, but I under- 
 stand that she was never very bright. There is one very im- 
 portant circumstance, however. Look at this !" 
 
 He took a small piece of torn paper from a note-book and 
 spread it out upon his knee. 
 
 " This was found between the finger and thumb of the dead 
 man. It appears to be a fragment torn from a larger sheet. 
 You will observe that the hour mentioned upon it is the very 
 time at which the poor fellow met his fate. You see that his 
 murderer might have torn the rest of the sheet from him or 
 he might have taken this fragment from the murderer. It 
 reads almost as though it were an appointment." 
 
 Holmes took up the scrap of paper, a fac-simile of which is 
 here reproduced.
 
 120 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " Presuming that it is an appointment," continued the In- 
 spector, " it is of course a conceivable theory that this William 
 Kirwan though he had the reputation of being an honest 
 man, may have been in league with the thief. He may have 
 met him there, may even have helped him to break in the 
 door, and then they may have fallen out between themselves." 
 
 " This writing is of extraordinary interest," said Holmes, 
 who had been examining it with intense concentration. 
 "These are much deeper waters than I had thought." He 
 sank his head upon his hands, while the Inspector smiled at 
 the effect which his case had had upon the famous London 
 specialist. 
 
 "Your last remark," said Holmes, presently, "as to the 
 possibility of there being an understanding between the burg- 
 lar and the servant, and this being a note of appointment 
 from one to the other, is an ingenious and not entirely impos- 
 sible supposition. But this writing opens up " He sank his 
 head into his hands again and remained for some minutes 
 in the deepest thought. When he raised his face again, I was 
 surprised to see that his cheek was tinged with color, and his 
 eyes as bright as before his illness. He sprang to his feet 
 with all his old energy. 
 
 " I'll tell you what," said he, " I should like to have a 
 quiet little glance into the details of this case. There is 
 something in it which fascinates me extremely. If you will 
 permit me, Colonel, I will leave my friend Watson and you, 
 and I will step round with the Inspector to test the truth of 
 one or two little fancies of mine. I will be with you again in 
 half an hour." 
 
 An hour and a half had elapsed before the Inspector re- 
 turned alone. 
 
 " Mr. Holmes is walking up and down in the field outside," 
 said he. " He wants us all four to go up to the house to- 
 gether." 
 
 " To Mr. Cunningham's?" 
 "Yes, sir."
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 121 
 
 What for?" 
 
 The Inspector shrugged his shoulders. " I don't quite 
 know, sir. Between ourselves, I think Mr. Holmes has not 
 quite got over his illness yet. He's been behaving very 
 queer ly, and he is very much excited." 
 
 " I don't think you need alarm yourself," said I. " I have 
 usually found that there was method in his madness." 
 
 " Some folk might say there was madness in his method," 
 muttered the Inspector. " But he's all on fire to start, Colo- 
 nel, so we had best go out if you are ready." 
 
 We found Holmes pacing up and down in the field, his 
 chin sunk upon his breast, and his hands thrust into his 
 trousers pockets. 
 
 " The matter grows in interest," said he. " Watson, your 
 country-trip has been a distinct success. I have had a charm- 
 ing morning." 
 
 "You have been up to the scene of the crime, I under- 
 stand," said the Colonel. 
 
 " Yes ; the Inspector and I have made quite a little re- 
 connoissance together." 
 
 " Any success ?" 
 
 " Well, we have seen some very interesting things. I'll tell 
 you what we did as we walk. First of all, we saw the body 
 of this unfortunate man. He certainly died from a revolver 
 wound as reported." 
 
 " Had you doubted it, then ?" 
 
 " Oh, it is as well to test everything. Our inspection was 
 not wasted. We then had an interview with Mr. Cunningham 
 and his son, who were able to point out the exact spot where 
 the murderer had broken through the garden -hedge in his 
 flight. That was of great interest." 
 
 " Naturally." 
 
 "Then we had a look at this poor fellow's mother. We 
 could get no information from her, however, as she is very 
 old and feeble." 
 
 " And what is the result of your iavestigations ?"
 
 122 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 "The conviction that the crime is a very peculiar one. 
 Perhaps our visit now may do something to make it less ob- 
 scure. I think that we are both agreed, Inspector, that the 
 fragment of paper in the dead man's hand, bearing, as it does, 
 the very hour of his death written upon it, is of extreme im- 
 portance." 
 
 " It should give a clue, Mr. Holmes." 
 
 " It does give a clue. Whoever wrote that note was the 
 man who brought William Kirwan out of his bed at that 
 hour. But where is the rest of that sheet of paper ?" 
 
 " I examined the ground carefully in the hope of finding it," 
 said the Inspector. 
 
 " It was torn out of the dead man's hand. Why was some 
 one so anxious to get possession of it ? Because it incrimi- 
 nated him. And what would he do with it ? Thrust it into 
 his pocket, most likely, never noticing that a corner of it had 
 been left in the grip of the corpse. If we could get the rest 
 of that sheet it is obvious that we should have gone a long 
 way towards solving the mystery." 
 
 " Yes, but how can we get at the criminal's pocket before 
 we catch the criminal ?" 
 
 " Well, well, it was worth thinking over. Then there is an- 
 other obvious point. The note was sent to William. The man 
 who wrote it could not have taken it ; otherwise, of course, he 
 might have delivered his own message by word of mouth. Who 
 brought the note, then ? Or did it come through the post ?" 
 
 " I have made inquiries," said the Inspector. " William re- 
 ceived a letter by the afternoon post yesterday. The enve- 
 lope was destroyed by him." 
 
 " Excellent !" cried Holmes, clapping the Inspector on the 
 back. " You've seen the postman. It is a pleasure to work 
 w4th you. Well, here is the lodge, and if you will come up, 
 Colonel, I will show you the scene of the crime." 
 
 We passed the pretty cottage where the murdered man had 
 lived, and walked up an oak-lined avenue to the fine old Queen 
 Anne house, which bears the date of Malplaquet upon the
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 123 
 
 lintel of the door. Holmes and the Inspector led IK round it 
 until we came to the side gate, which is separated by a stretch 
 of garden from the hedge which lines the road. A constable 
 was standing at the kitchen door. 
 
 " Throw the door open, officer," said Holmes. " Now, it was 
 on those stairs that young Mr. Cunningham stood and saw the 
 two men struggling just where we are. Old Mr. Cunningham 
 was at that window the second on the left and he saw the 
 fellow get away just to the left of that bush. So did the son. 
 They are both sure of it on account of the bush. Then Mr. 
 Alec ran out and knelt beside the wounded man. The ground 
 is very hard, you see, and there are no marks to guide us." As 
 he spoke two men came down the garden path, from round 
 the angle of the house. The one was an elderly man, with a 
 strong, deep-lined, heavy-eyed face ; the other a dashing young 
 fellow, whose bright, smiling expression and showy dress were 
 in strange contrast with the business which had brought us 
 there. 
 
 " Still at it, then ?" said he to Holmes. " I thought you 
 Londoners were never at fault. You don't seem to be so very 
 quick, after all." 
 
 " Ah, you must give us a little time," said Holmes, good- 
 humoredly. 
 
 " You'll want it," said young Alec Cunningham. " Why, I 
 don't see that we have any clue at all." 
 
 " There's only one," answered the Inspector. " We thought 
 that if we could only find Good heavens, Mr. Holmes ! 
 what is the matter ?" 
 
 My poor friend's face had suddenly assumed the most 
 dreadful expression. His eyes rolled upwards, his features 
 writhed in agony, and with a suppressed groan he dropped on 
 his face upon the ground. Horrified at the suddenness and 
 severity of the attack, we carried him into the kitchen, where 
 he lay back in a large chair, and breathed heavily for some 
 minutes. Finally, with a shamefaced apology for his weak- 
 ness, he rose once more
 
 124 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK. HOLMES 
 
 "Watson would tell you that I have only just recovered 
 from a severe illness," he explained. " I am liable to these 
 sudden nervous attacks." 
 
 " Shall I send you home in my trap ?" asked old Cunning- 
 ham. 
 
 " Well, since I am here, there is one point on which I should 
 like to feel sure. We can very easily verify it." 
 
 "What was it?" 
 
 " Well, it seems to me that it is just possible that the arrival 
 of this poor fellow William was not before, but after, the en- 
 trance of the burglar into the house. You appear to take it 
 for granted that, although the door was forced, the robber 
 never got in." 
 
 "I fancy that is quite obvious," said Mr. Cunningham, 
 gravely. "Why, my son Alec had not yet gone to bed, and 
 he would certainly have heard any one moving about" 
 
 " Where was he sitting ?" 
 
 " I was smoking in my dressing-room." 
 
 "Which window is that?" 
 
 "The last on the left, next my father's.'* 
 
 " Both of your lamps were lit, of course ?" 
 
 "Undoubtedly." 
 
 "There are some very singular points here," said Holmes, 
 smiling. " Is it not extraordinary that a burglar and a burg- 
 lar who had had some previous experience should deliber- 
 ately break into a house at a time when he could see from the 
 lights that two of the family were stUl afoot ?" 
 
 " He must have been a cool hand." 
 
 " Well, of course, if the case were not an odd one we should 
 not have been driven to ask you for an explanation," said 
 young Mr. Alec. " But as to your ideas that the man had 
 robbed the house before William tackled him, I think it a 
 most absurd notion. Wouldn't we have found the piace dis- 
 arranged, and missed the things which he had taken ?" 
 
 " It depends on what the things were," said Holmes. " You 
 must remember that we are dealing with a burglar who is a
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 125 
 
 very peculiar fellow, and who appears to work on lines of his 
 own. Look, for example, at the queer lot of things which he 
 took from Acton's what was it ? a ball of string, a letter- 
 weight, and I don't know what other odds and ends." 
 
 " Well, we are quite in your hands, Mr. Holmes," said old 
 Cunningham. "Anything which you or the Inspector may 
 suggest will most certainly be done." 
 
 " In the first place," said Holmes, " I should like you to 
 offer a reward coming from yourself, for the officials may take 
 a little time before they would agree upon the sum, and these 
 things cannot be done too promptly. I have jotted down the 
 form here, if you would not mind signing it. Fifty pound was 
 quite enough, I thought." 
 
 " I would willingly give five hundred," said the J. P., taking 
 the slip of paper and the pencil which Holmes handed to him. 
 " This is not quite correct, however," he added, glancing over 
 the document. 
 
 " I wrote it rather hurriedly." 
 
 " You see you begin, ' Whereas, at about a quarter to one 
 on Tuesday morning an attempt was made,' and so on. It 
 was at a quarter to twelve, as a matter of fact.' 
 
 I was pained at the mistake, for I knew how keenly Holmes 
 would feel any slip of the kind. It was his specialty to be 
 accurate as to fact, but his recent illness had shaken him, and 
 this one little incident was enough to show me that he was 
 still far from being himself. He was obviously embarrassed 
 for an instant, while the Inspector raised his eyebrows, an<* 
 Alec Cunningham burst into a laugh. The old gentleman 
 corrected the mistake, however, and handed the paper back 
 to Holmes. 
 
 " Get it printed as soon as possible," he said; " I think your 
 idea is an excellent one." 
 
 Holmes put the slip of paper carefully away into his pocket- 
 book. 
 
 " And now," said he, " it really would be a good thing that 
 we should all go over the house together and make certain
 
 that this rather erratic burglar did not, after all, carry any- 
 ihing away with him." 
 
 Before entering, Holmes made an examination of the door 
 which had been forced. It was evident that a chisel or strong 
 knife had been thrust in, and the lock forced back with it, 
 We could see the marks in the wood where it had beetr 
 pushed in. 
 
 " You don't use bars, then ?" he asked. 
 
 " We have never found it necessary." 
 
 " You don't keep a dog ?" 
 
 " Yes, but he is chained on the other side of the house." 
 
 " When do the servants go to bed ?" 
 
 " About ten." 
 
 "I understand that William was usually in bed also at 
 that hour ?" 
 
 " Yes." 
 
 " It is singular that on this particular night he should have 
 been up. Now, I should be very glad if you would have the 
 kindness to show us over the house, Mr. Cunningham." 
 
 A stone-flagged passage, with the kitchens branching away 
 from it, led by a wooden staircase directly to the first floor of 
 the house. It came out upon the landing opposite to a sec- 
 ond more ornamental stair which came up from the front hall. 
 Out of this landing opened the drawing-room and several 
 bedrooms, including those of Mr. Cunningham and his son. 
 Holmes walked slowly, taking keen note of the architecture of 
 the house. I could tell from his expression that he was on a 
 hot scent, and yet I could not in the least imagine in what 
 direction his inferences were leading him. 
 
 " My good sir," said Mr. Cunningham, with some impa- 
 tience, " this is surely very unnecessary. That is my room 
 at the end of the stairs, and my son's is the one beyond it 
 I leave it to your judgment whether it was possible for the 
 thief to have come up here without disturbing us." 
 
 " You must try round and get on a fresh s^nt, I fancy, * 
 said the son with a rather malicious smile.
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 1*7 
 
 " Still, I must ask you to humor me a little further. I 
 should like, for example, to see how far the windows of the 
 bedrooms command the front. This, I understand, is your 
 son's room " he pushed open the door " and that, I pre- 
 sume, is the dressing-room in which he sat smoking when the 
 alarm was given. Where does the window of that look out 
 to ?" He stepped across the bedroom, pushed open the door, 
 and glanced round the other chamber. 
 
 " I hope that you are satisfied now ?" said Mr. Cunningham, 
 tartly. 
 
 " Thank you, I think I have seen all that I wished." 
 
 " Then if it is really necessary we can go into my room." 
 
 " If it is not too much trouble." 
 
 The J. P. shrugged his shoulders, and led the way into his 
 own chamber, which was a plainly furnished and common- 
 place room. As we moved across it in the direction of the 
 window, Holmes fell back until he and I were the last of the 
 group. Near the foot of the bed stood a dish of oranges and 
 a carafe of water. As we passed it Holmes, to my unutter- 
 able astonishment, leaned over in front of me and deliberately 
 knocked the whole thing over. The glass smashed into a 
 thousand pieces and the fruit rolled about into every corner 
 oJf the room. 
 
 " You've done it now, Watson," said he, coolly. " A pretty 
 mess you've made of the carpet." 
 
 I stooped in some confusion and began to pick up the fruit, 
 understanding for some reason my companion desired me to 
 take the blame upon myself. The others did the same, and 
 set the table on its legs again. 
 
 " Hullo !" cried the Inspector, " where's he got to ?" 
 
 Holmes had disappeared. 
 
 "Wait here an instant," said young Alec Cunningham. 
 " The fellow is off his head, in my opinion. Come with me, 
 father, and see where he has got to !" 
 
 They rushed out of the room, leaving the Inspector, the 
 Colonel, and me staring at each other.
 
 1*8 MEMOIRS Of SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " Ton my word, I am inclined to agree with Master Alec,* 
 said the official. " It may be the effect of this illness, but it 
 seems to me that " 
 
 His words were cut short by a sudden scream of " Help ! 
 Help ! Murder !" With a thrill I recognized the voice as that 
 of my friend. I rushed madly from the room on to the land- 
 ing. The cries, which had sunk down into a hoarse, inarticu- 
 late shouting, came from the room which we had first visited. 
 I dashed in, and on into the dressing-room beyond. The two 
 Cunninghams were bending over the prostrate figure of Sher- 
 lock Holmes, the younger clutching his throat with both 
 bands, while the elder seemed to be twisting one of his wrists. 
 In an instant the three of us had torn them away from him, 
 and Holmes staggered to his feet, very pale and evidently 
 greatly exhausted. 
 
 " Arrest these men, Inspector," he gasped. 
 
 " On what charge ?" 
 
 " That of murdering their coachman, William Kirwan." 
 
 The Inspector stared about him in bewilderment. " Oh, 
 come now, Mr. Holmes," said he at last, " I'm sure you don't 
 really mean to " 
 
 " Tut, man, look at their faces !" cried Holmes, curtly. 
 
 Never certainly have I sen a plainer confession of guilt 
 upon human countenances. The older man seemed numbed 
 and dazed, with a heavy, sullen expression upon his strongly- 
 marked face. The son, on the other hand, had dropped all 
 'hat jaunty, dashing style which had characterized him, and 
 the ferocity of a dangerous wild beast gleamed in his dark 
 eyes and distorted his handsome features. The Inspector 
 said nothing, but, stepping to the door, he blew his whistle. 
 Two of his constables came at the call. 
 
 " I have no alternative, Mr. Cunningham," said he. " I 
 trust that this may all prove to be an absurd mistake, but you 
 can see that Ah, would you ? Drop it !" He struck out 
 with his hand, and a revolver which the younger man was in 
 the act of cocking clattered down upon the floor.
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 129 
 
 " Keep that," said Holmes, quietly putting his foot upon 
 it ; " you will find it useful at the trial. But this is what we 
 really wanted." He held up a little crumpled piece of paper. 
 
 " The remainder of the sheet !" cried the Inspector. 
 
 " Precisely." 
 
 " And where was it ?" 
 
 " Where I was sure it must be. I'll make the whole matter 
 clear to you presently. I think, Colonel, that you and Wat- 
 son might return now, and I will be with you again in an hour 
 at the furthest. The Inspector and I must have a word with 
 the prisoners, but you will certainly see me back at luncheon 
 time." 
 
 Sherlock Holmes was as good as his word, for about one 
 o'clock he rejoined us in the Colonel's smoking-room. He 
 was accompanied by a little elderly gentleman, who was in- 
 troduced to me as the Mr. Acton whose house had been the 
 scene of the original burglary. 
 
 " I wished Mr. Acton to be present while I demonstrated 
 this small matter to you," said Holmes, "for it is natural that 
 he should take a keen interest in the details. I am afraid, 
 my dear Colonel, that you must regret the hour that you took 
 in such a stormy petrel as I am." 
 
 " On the contrary," answered the Colonel, warmly, " I con- 
 sider it the greatest privilege to have been permitted to study 
 your methods of working. I confess that they quite surpass 
 my expectations, and that I am utterly unable to account for 
 your result. I have not yet seen the vestige of a clue." 
 
 "I am afraid that my explanation may disillusion you, but 
 it has always been my habit to hide none of my methods, either 
 from my friend Watson or from any one who might take an 
 intelligent interest in them. But, first, as I am rather shaken 
 by the knocking about which I had in the dressing-room, I 
 think that I shall help myself to a dash of your brandy, Co4o- 
 nel. My strength has been rather tried of late." 
 
 " I trust you had no more of those nervous attacks."
 
 t^O MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 Sherlock Holmes laughed heartily. " We will come to that 
 in its turn," said he. " I will lay an account of the case be- 
 fore you in its due order, showing you the various points 
 which guided me in my decision. Pray interrupt me if there 
 is any inference which is not perfectly clear to you. 
 
 " It is of the highest importance in the art of detection to 
 be able to recognize, out of a number of facts, which are inci- 
 dental and which vital. Otherwise your energy and attention 
 must be dissipated instead of being concentrated. Now, in 
 this case there was not the slightest doubt in my mind from 
 the first that the key of the whole matter must be looked for 
 in the scrap of paper in the dead man's hand. 
 
 " Before going into this, I would draw your attention to the 
 fact that, if Alec Cunningham's narrative was correct, and if 
 the assailant, after shooting William Kirwan, had instantly 
 fled, then it obviously could not be he who tore the paper 
 from the dead man's hand. But if it was not he, it must 
 have been Alec Cunningham himself, for by the time that 
 the old man had descended several servants were upon the 
 scene. The point is a simple one, but the Inspector had 
 overlooked it because he had started with the supposition 
 that these county magnates had had nothing to do with the 
 matter. Now, I make a point of never having any prejudices, 
 and of following docilely wherever fact may lead me, and so, 
 in the very first stage of the investigation, I found myself 
 looking a little askance at the part which had been played by 
 Mr. Alec Cunningham. 
 
 " And now I made a very careful examination of the corner 
 of paper which the Inspector had submitted to us. It was at 
 once clear to me that it formed part of a very remarkable doc- 
 ument. Here it is. Do you not now observe something very 
 suggestive about it ?" 
 
 " It has a very irregular look," said the Colonel. 
 
 " My dear sir," cried Holmes, " there cannot be the least 
 doubt in the world that it has been written by two persons 
 doing alternate words. When I draw your attention to the
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 2$l 
 
 strong fs of ' at ' and ' to,' and ask you to compare them with 
 the weak ones of ' quarter ' and ' twelve,' you will instantly 
 recognize the fact. A very brief analysis of these four words 
 would enable you to say with the utmost confidence that the 
 ' learn ' and the ' maybe ' are written in the stronger hand, and 
 the ' what ' in the weaker." 
 
 " By Jove, it's as clear as day !" cried the Colonel. " Why 
 on earth should two men write a letter in such a fashion ?" . 
 
 "Obviously the business was a bad one, and one of the 
 men who distrusted the other was determined that, whatever 
 was done, each should have an equal hand in it. Now, of 
 the two men, it is clear that the one who wrote the ' at ' and 
 4 to ' was the ringleader." 
 
 " How do you get at that ?" 
 
 "We might deduce it from the mere character of the one 
 hand as compared with the other. But we have more assured 
 reasons than that for supposing it. If you examine this scrap 
 with attention you will come to the conclusion that the man 
 with the stronger hand wrote all his words first, leaving blanks 
 for the other to fill up. These blanks were not always suffi- 
 cient, and you can see that the second man had a squeeze to 
 fit his ' quarter ' in between the ' at ' and the ' to,' showing that 
 the latter were already written. The man who wrote all his 
 words first is undoubtedly the man who planned the affair." 
 
 " Excellent !" cried Mr. Acton. 
 
 " But very superficial," said Holmes, " We come now, how- 
 ever, to a point which is of importance. You may not be aware 
 that the deduction of a man's age from his writing is one which 
 has been brought to considerable accuracy by experts. In 
 normal cases one can place a man in his true decade with 
 tolerable confidence. I say normal cases, because ill-health 
 and physical weakness reproduce the signs of old age, even 
 when the invalid is a youth. In this case, looking at the bold, 
 strong hand of the one, and the rather broken-backed appear- 
 ance of the other, which still retains its legibility although 
 the fs have begun to lose their crossing, we can say that the
 
 132 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 one was a young man and the other was advanced in years 
 without being positively decrepit." 
 
 " Excellent !" cried Mr. Acton again. 
 
 " There is a further point, however, which is subtler and of 
 greater interest. There is something in common between 
 these hands. They belong to men who are blood-relatives. 
 It may be most obvious to you in the Greek Ss, but to me 
 there are many small points which indicate the same thing. 
 I have no doubt at all that a family mannerism can be traced 
 in these two specimens of writing. I am only, of course, giv- 
 ing you the leading results now of my examination of the pa- 
 per. There were twenty-three other deductions which would 
 be of more interest to experts than to you. They all tend to 
 deepen the impression upon my mind that the Cunninghams, 
 father and son, had written this letter. 
 
 " Having got so far, my next step was, of course, to examine 
 into the details of the crime, and to see how far they would 
 help us. I went up to the house with the Inspector, and saw all 
 that was to be seen. The wound upon the dead man was, as 
 I was able to determine with absolute confidence, fired from 
 a revolver at the distance of something over four yards. There 
 was no powder-blackening on the clothes. Evidently, there- 
 fore, Alec Cunningham had lied when he said that the two 
 men were struggling when the shot was fired. Again, both 
 father and son agreed as to the place where the man escaped 
 into the road. At that point, however, as it happens, there is 
 a broadish ditch, moist at the bottom. As there were no indi- 
 cations of boot-marks about this ditch, I was absolutely sure 
 not only that the Cunninghams had again lied, but that there 
 had never been any unknown man upon the scene at all. 
 
 " And now I have to consider the motive of this singular 
 crime. To get at this, I endeavored first of all to solve the 
 reason of the original burglary at Mr. Acton's. I understood, 
 from something which the Colonel told us, that a lawsuit had 
 been going on between you, Mr. Acton, and the Cunninghams. 
 Of course, it instantly occurred to me that they had broken
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 133 
 
 iato your library with the intention of getting at some docu- 
 ment which might be of importance in the case." 
 
 " Precisely so," said Mr. Acton. " There can be no possi- 
 ble doubt as to their intentions. I have the clearest claim 
 upon half of their present estate, and if they could have found 
 a single paper which, fortunately, was in the strong-box of 
 *ny solicitors they would undoubtedly have crippled our 
 case." 
 
 " There you are," said Holmes, smiling. " It was a dan- 
 gerous, reckless attempt, in which I seem to trace the influ- 
 ence of young Alec. Having found nothing, they tried to di- 
 vert suspicion by making it appear to be an ordinary burglary, 
 to which end they carried off whatever they could lay their 
 hands upon. That is all clear enough, but there was much 
 that was still obscure. What I wanted above all was to get 
 the missing part of that note. I was certain that Alec had 
 torn it out of the dead man's hand, and almost certain that 
 he must have thrust it into the pocket of his dressing-gown. 
 Where else could he have put it? The only question was 
 whether it was still there. It was worth an effort to find out, 
 and for that object we all went up to the house. 
 
 " The Cunninghams joined us, as you doubtless remember, 
 outside the kitchen door. It was, of course, of the very first 
 importance that they should not be reminded of the existence 
 of this paper, otherwise they would naturally destroy it with- 
 out delay. The Inspector was about to tell them the impor- 
 tance which we attached to it when, by the luckiest chance in 
 the world, I tumbled down in a sort of fit and so changed the 
 conversation." 
 
 " Good heavens !" cried the Colonel, laughing, " do you 
 mean to say all our sympathy was wasted and your fit an im- 
 posture ?" 
 
 " Speaking professionally, it was admirably done," cried I, 
 looking in amazement at this man who was forever confound- 
 ing me with some new phase of his astuteness. 
 
 " It is an art which is often useful," said he, " When I
 
 134 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 recovered I managed, by a device which had perhaps some 
 little merit of ingenuity, to get old Cunningham to write the 
 word 'twelve,' so that I might compare it with the 'twelve' 
 upon the paper." 
 
 "Oh, what an ass I have been !" I exclaimed, 
 " I could see that you were commiserating me over my 
 weakness," said Holmes, laughing. " I was sorry to cause 
 you the sympathetic pain which I know that you felt. We 
 then went upstairs together, and having entered the room 
 and seen the dressing-gown hanging up behind the door, I 
 contrived, by upsetting a table, to engage then- attention for 
 the moment, and slipped back to examine the pockets. I 
 had hardly got the paper, however which was, as I had ex- 
 pected, in one of them when the two Cunninghams were 
 on me, and would, I verily believe, have murdered me then 
 and there but for your prompt and friendly aid. As it is, I 
 feel that young man's grip on my throat now, and the father 
 has twisted my wrist round in the effort to get the paper out 
 of my hand. They saw that I must know all about it, you 
 see, and the sudden change from absolute security to com- 
 plete despair made them perfectly desperate^ 
 
 " I had a little talk with old Cunningham afterwards as to 
 the motive of the crime. He was tractable enough, though 
 his son was a perfect demon, ready to blow out his own or 
 anybody else's brains if he could have got to his revolver. 
 When Cunningham saw that the case against him was so 
 strong he lost all heart and made a clean breast of every- 
 thing. It seems that William had secretly followed his two 
 masters on the night when they made their raid upon Mr. 
 Acton's, and having thus got them into his power, proceed- 
 ed, under threats of exposure, to levy black-mail upon them. 
 Mr. Alec, however, was a dangerous man to play games of 
 that sort with. It was a stroke of positive genius on his part 
 to see in the burglary scare which was convulsing the coun- 
 try side an opportunity of plausibly getting rid of the man 
 whom he feared. William was decoyed up and shot, and had
 
 THE REIGATE PUZZLE 
 
 '35 
 
 they only got the whole of the note and paid a little more 
 attention to detail in their accessories, it is very possible that 
 suspicion might never have been aroused." 
 
 " And the note ?" I asked. 
 
 Sherlock Holmes placed the subjoined paper before us.
 
 136 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK. HOLMES 
 
 "It is very much the sort of thing that I expected," said 
 he. " Of course, we do not yet knew what the relations may 
 have been between Alec Cunningham, William Kirwan, and 
 Annie Morrison. The result shows that the trap was skil- 
 fully baited. I am sure that you cannot fail to be delighted 
 with the traces of heredity shown in the/V and in the tails 
 of the g*s. The absence of the /-dots in the old man's writ- 
 ing is also most characteristic. Watson, I think our quiet 
 rest in the country has been a distinct success, and I shall 
 certainly return much invigorated to Baker Street co-morrow."
 
 BOventure Iff 
 
 THE CROOKED MAN 
 
 summer night, a few months after my mar- 
 riage, I was seated by my own hearth smoking 
 a last pipe and nodding over a novel, for my 
 day's work had been an exhausting one. My 
 wife had already gone upstairs, and the sound 
 of the locking of the hall door some time before told me that 
 the servants had also retired. I had risen from my seat and 
 was knocking out the ashes of my pipe when I suddenly heard 
 the clang of the bell. 
 
 I looked at the clock. It was a quarter to twelve. This 
 could not be a visitor at so late an hour. A patient, evidently, 
 and possibly an all-night sitting. With a wry face I went out 
 into the hall and opened the door. To my astonishment it 
 was Sherlock Holmes who stood upon my step. 
 
 " Ah, Watson," said he, " I hoped that I might not be too 
 late to catch you." 
 
 " My dear fellow, pray come in." 
 
 " You look surprised, and no wonder ! Relieved, too, I 
 fancy ! Hum ! You still smoke the Arcadia mixture of your 
 bachelor days then ! There's no mistaking that fluffy ash 
 upon your coat. It's easy to tell that you have been accus- 
 tomed to wear a uniform, Watson. You'll never pass as a 
 pure-bred civilian as long as you keep that habit of carrying 
 your handkerchief in your sleeve. Could you put me up to- 
 night ?" 
 
 " With pleasure." 
 
 " You told me that you had bachelor quarters for one, and 
 
 x.
 
 138 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 I see that you have no gentleman visitor at present. Youi 
 hat-stand proclaims as much." 
 
 " I shall be delighted if you will stay." 
 
 "Thank you. I'll fill the vacant peg then. Sorry to see 
 that youVe had the British workman in the house. He's a 
 token of evil. Not the drains, I hope ?" 
 
 " No, the gas." 
 
 " Ah ! He has left two nail-marks from his boot upon your 
 linoleum just where the light strikes it. No, thank you, I had 
 some supper at Waterloo, but I'll smoke a pipe with you with 
 pleasure." 
 
 I handed him my pouch, and he seated himself opposite to 
 me and smoked for some time in silence. I was well aware 
 that nothing but business of importance would have brought 
 him to me at such an hour, so I waited patiently until he 
 should come round to it. 
 
 " I see that you are professionally rather busy just now," 
 said he, glancing very keenly across at me. 
 
 " Yes, I've had a busy day," I answered. " It may seem 
 very foolish in your eyes," I added, " but really I don't know 
 how you deduced it." 
 
 Holmes chuckled to himself. 
 
 " I have the advantage of knowing your habits, my dear 
 Watson," said he. " When your round is a short one you 
 walk, and when it is a long one you use a hansom. As I 
 perceive that your boots, although used, are by no means 
 dirty, I cannot doubt that you are at present busy enough to 
 justify the hansom." 
 
 " Excellent !" I cried. 
 
 M Elementary," said he. " It is one of those instances where 
 the reasoner can produce an effect which seems remarkable 
 to his neighbor, because the latter has missed the one little 
 point which is the basis of the deduction. The same may be 
 said, my dear fellow, for the effect of some of these little 
 sketches of yours, which is entirely meretricious, depending as 
 it does upon your retaining in your own hands some factors in
 
 THE CROOKED MAN 139 
 
 the problem which are never imparted to the reader. Now, at 
 present I am in the position of these same readers, for I hold 
 in this hand several threads of one of the strangest cases 
 which ever perplexed a man's brain, and yet I lack the one 
 or two which are needful to complete my theory. But I'll 
 have them, Watson, I'll have them !" Kis eyes kindled and 
 a slight flush sprang into his thin cheeks. For an instant the 
 veil h^d lifted upon his keen, intense nature, but for an in- 
 stant only. When I glanced again his face had resumed that 
 red-Indian composure which had made so many regard him 
 as a machine rather than a man. 
 
 "The problem presents features of interest," said he. "I 
 may even say exceptional features of interest. I have already 
 looked into the matter, and have come, as I think, within 
 sight of my solution. If you could accompany me in that last 
 step you might be of considerable service to me." 
 
 " I should be delighted." 
 
 " Could you go as far as Aldershot to-morrow ?" 
 
 " I have no doubt Jackson would take my practice." 
 
 "Very good. I want to start by the 11.10 from Waterloo." 
 
 " That would give me time." 
 
 " Then, if you are not too sleepy, I will give you a sketch, 
 of what has happened, and of what remains to be done." 
 
 " I was sleepy before you came. 1 am quite wakeful now." 
 
 " I will compress the story as far as may be done without 
 omitting anything vital to the case. It is conceivable that 
 you may even have read some account of the matter. It is. 
 the supposed murder of Colonel Barclay, of the Royal Mun- 
 sters, at Aldershot, which I am investigating." 
 
 " I have heard nothing of it." 
 
 " It has not excited much attention yet, except locally. 
 The facts are only two days old. Briefly they are these : 
 
 " The Royal Munsters is, as you know, one of the most 
 
 famous Irish regiments in the British army. It did wonders 
 
 both in the Crimea and the Mutiny, and has since that time 
 
 distinguished itself upon every possible occasion. It was 
 
 \
 
 140 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 commanded up to Monday night by James Barclay, a gallant 
 veteran, who started as a full private, was raised to commis- 
 sioned rank for his bravery at the time of the Mutiny, and so 
 fived to command the regiment in which he had once carried 
 a musket. 
 
 " Colonel Barclay had married at the time when he was a 
 sergeant, and his wife, whose maiden name was Miss Nancy 
 Devoy, was the daughter of a former color -sergeant in the 
 same corps. There was, therefore, as can be imagined, some, 
 little social friction when the young couple (for they were stili 
 young) found themselves in their new surroundings. They 
 appear, however, to have quickly adapted themselves, and 
 Mrs. Barclay has always, I understand, been as popular with 
 the ladies of the regiment as her husband was with his broth- 
 er officers. I may add that she was a woman of great beauty, 
 and that even now, when she has been married for upwards of 
 thirty years, she is still of a striking and queenly appearance. 
 
 " Colonel Barclay's family life appears to have been a uni- 
 formly happy one. Major Murphy, to whom I owe most of 
 my facts, assures me that he has never heard of any misun- 
 derstanding between the pair. On the whole, he thinks that 
 Barclay's devotion to his wife was greater than his wife's to 
 Barclay. He was acutely uneasy if he were absent from her 
 for a day. She, on the other hand, though devoted and faith- 
 ful, was less obtrusively affectionate. But they were regarded 
 in the regiment as the very model of a middle-aged couple. 
 There was absolutely nothing in their mutual relations to pre- 
 pare people for the tragedy which was to follow. 
 
 " Colonel Barclay himself seems to have had some singular 
 traits in his character. He was a dashing, jovial old soldier 
 in his usual mood, but there were occasions on which he 
 seemed to show himself capable of considerable violence and 
 vindictiveness. This side of his nature, however, appears 
 never to have been turned towards his wife. Another fact, 
 which had struck Major Murphy and three out of five of 
 the other officers with whom I conversed, was the singular
 
 THE CROOKED MAN 14! 
 
 sort of depression which came upon him at times. As the 
 major expressed it, the smile had often been struck from his 
 mouth, as if by some invisible hand, when he has been joining 
 in the gayeties and chaff of the mess-table. For days on end, 
 when the mood was on him, he has been sunk in the deepest 
 gloom. This and a certain tinge of superstition were the 
 only unusual traits in his character which his brother officers 
 had observed. The latter peculiarity took the form of a dis- 
 like to being left alone, especially after dark. This puerile 
 feature in a nature which was conspicuously manly had often 
 given rise to comment and conjecture. 
 
 " The first battalion of the Royal Munsters (which is the 
 old 1 1 yth) has been stationed at Aldershot for some years. 
 The married officers live out of barracks, and the Colonel 
 has during all this time occupied a villa called Lachine, about 
 half a mile from the north camp. The house stands in its 
 own grounds, but the west side of it is not more than thirty 
 yards from the high-road. A coachman and two maids form 
 the staff of servants. These with their master and mistress 
 were the sole occupants of Lachine, for the Barclays had no 
 children, nor was it usual for them to have resident visitors. 
 
 " Now for the events at Lachine between nine and ten on 
 the evening of last Monday. 
 
 " Mrs. Barclay was, it appears, a member of the Roman 
 Catholic Church, and had interested herself very much in the 
 establishment of the Guild of St. George, which was formed 
 in connection with the Watt Street Chapel for the purpose 
 of supplying the poor with cast-off clothing. A meeting of 
 the Guild had been held that evening at eight, and Mrs. 
 Barclay had hurried over her dinner in order to be present 
 at it. When leaving the house she was heard by the coach- 
 man to make some commonplace remark to her husband, 
 and to assure him that she would be back before very long. 
 She then called for Miss Morrison, a young lady who lives in 
 the next villa, and the two went off together to their meeting. 
 it lasted forty minutes, and at a quarter-past nine Mrs. Bar
 
 142 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 day returned home, having left Miss Morrison at her door as 
 she passed. 
 
 "There is a room which is used as a morning-room at La- 
 chine. This faces the road and opens by a large glass fold- 
 ing-door on to the lawn. The lawn is thirty yards across, and 
 is only divided from the highway by a low wall with an iron 
 rail above it. It was into this room that Mrs. Barclay went 
 upon her return. The blinds were not down, for the room 
 was seldom used in the evening, but Mrs. Barclay herself lit 
 the lamp and then rang the bell, asking Jane Stewart, the 
 housemaid, to bring her a cup of tea, which was quite con- 
 trary to her usual habits. The Colonel had been sitting in 
 the dining-room, but hearing that his wife had returned he 
 joined her in the morning-room. The coachman saw him 
 cross the hall and enter it. He was never seen again alive. 
 
 " The tea which had been ordered was brought up at the 
 end of ten minutes ; but the maid, as she approached the 
 door, was surprised to hear the voices of her master and mis- 
 tress in furious altercation. She knocked without receiving 
 any answer, and even turned the handle, but only to find that 
 the door was locked upon the inside. Naturally enough she 
 ran down to tell the cook, and the two women with the coach- 
 man came up into the hall and listened to the dispute which 
 was still raging. They all agreed that only two voices ware 
 to be heard, those of Barclay and of his wife. Barclay's 
 remarks were subdued and abrupt, so that none of them 
 were audible to the listeners. The lady's, on the other hand, 
 were most bitter, and when she raised her voice could be 
 plainly heard. ' You coward !' she repeated over and over 
 again. ' What can be done now ? What can be done now ? 
 Give me back my life. I will never so much as breathe 
 the same air with you again ! You coward ! You coward !' 
 Those were scraps of her conversation, ending in a sudden 
 dreadful cry in the man's voice, with a crash, and a piercing 
 scream from the woman. Convinced that some tragedy had 
 occurred, the coachman rushed to the door and strove to
 
 THE CROOKED MAN 143 
 
 force it, while scream after scream issued from within. He 
 was unable, however, to make his way in, and the maids were 
 too distracted with fear to be of any assistance to him. A 
 sudden thought struck him, however, and he ran through the 
 hall door and round to the lawn upon which the long French 
 windows open. One side of the window was open, which I 
 understand was quite usual in the summer-time, and he passed 
 without difficulty into the room. His mistress had ceased to 
 scream and was stretched insensible upon a couch, while with 
 his feet tilted over the side of an arm-chair, and his head 
 upon the ground near the corner of the fender, was lying the 
 unfortunate soldier stone dead in a pool of his own blood. 
 
 " Naturally, the coachman's first thought, on finding that he 
 could do nothing for his master, was to open the door. But 
 here an unexpected and singular difficulty presented itself. 
 The key was not in the inner side of the door, nor could he 
 find it anywhere in the room. He went out again, therefore, 
 through the window, and having obtained the help of a po- 
 liceman and of a medical man, he returned. The lady, against 
 whom naturally the strongest suspicion rested, was removed 
 to her room, still in a state of insensibility. The Colonel's 
 body was then placed upon the sofa, and a careful examina- 
 tion made of the scene of the tragedy. 
 
 " The injury from which the unfortunate veteran was suffer- 
 ing was found to be a jagged cut some two inches long at the 
 back part of his head, which had evidently been caused by a 
 violent blow from a blunt weapon. Nor was it difficult to 
 guess what that weapon may have been. Upon the floor, 
 close to the body, was lying a singular club of hard carved 
 wood with a bone handle. The Colonel possessed a varied 
 collection of weapons brought from the different countries in 
 which he had fought, and it is conjectured by the police that 
 this club was among his trophies. The servants deny having 
 seen it before, but among the numerous curiosities in the 
 house it is possible that it may have been overlooked. Noth- 
 ing else of importance was discovered in the room by the
 
 144 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 police, save the inexplicable fact that neither upon Mrs. Bar- 
 clay's person nor upon that of the victim nor in any part of 
 the room was the missing key to be found. The door had 
 eventually to be opened by a locksmith from Aldershot. 
 
 " That was the state of things, Watson, when upon the Tues- 
 day morning I, at the request of Major Murphy, went down 
 to Aldershot to supplement the efforts of the police. I think 
 that you will acknowledge that the problem was already one 
 of interest, but my observations soon made me realize that it 
 was in truth much more extraordinary than would at first 
 sight appear. 
 
 "Before examining the room I cross-questioned the ser- 
 vants, but only succeeded in eliciting the facts which T have 
 already stated. One other detail of interest was remembered 
 by Jane Stewart, the housemaid. You will remember that on 
 hearing the sound of the quarrel she descended and returned 
 with the other servants. On that first occasion, when she 
 was alone, she says that the voices of her master and mistress 
 were sunk so low that she could hear hardly anything, and 
 judged by their tones rather than their words that they had 
 fallen out. On my pressing her, however, she remembered 
 that she heard the word David uttered twice by the lady. 
 The point is of the utmost importance as guiding us towards 
 the reason of the sudden quarrel. The Colonel's name, you 
 remember, was James. 
 
 "There was one thing in the case which had made the 
 deepest impression both upon the servants and the police. 
 This was the contortion of the Colonel's face. It had set, ac- 
 cording to their account, into the most dreadful expression of 
 fear and horror which a human countenance is capable of as- 
 suming. More than one person fainted at the mere sight of 
 him, so terrible was the effect. It was quite certain that he 
 had foreseen his fate, and that it had caused him the utmost 
 horror. This, of course, fitted in well enough with the police 
 theory, if the Colonel could have seen his wife making a mur- 
 derous attack upon him. Nor was the fact of the wound be-
 
 THE CROOKED MAN 145 
 
 ing on the back of his head a fatal objection to this, as he 
 might have turned to avoid the blow. No information could 
 be got from the lady herself, who was temporarily insane 
 from an acute attack of brain-fever. 
 
 " From the police I learned that Miss Morrison, who you 
 remember went out that evening with Mrs. Barclay, denied 
 having any knowledge of what it was which had caused the 
 ill-humor in which her companion had returned. 
 
 " Having gathered these facts, Watson, I smoked several 
 pipes over them, trying to separate those which were crucial 
 from others which were merely incidental. There could be 
 no question that the most distinctive and suggestive point in 
 the case was the singular disappearance of the door-key. A 
 most careful search had failed to discover it in the room. 
 Therefore it must have been taken from it. But neither the 
 Colonel nor the Colonel's wife could have taken it. That 
 was perfectly clear. Therefore a third person must have en- 
 tered the room. And that third person could only have come 
 in through the window. It seemed to me that a careful exam- 
 ination of the room and the lawn might possibly reveal some 
 traces of this mysterious individual. You know my meth- 
 ods, Watson. There was not one of them which I did not ap- 
 ply to the inquiry. And it ended by my discovering traces, 
 but very different ones from those which I had expected. 
 There had been a man in the room, and he had crossed the 
 lawn coming from the road. I was able to obtain five very 
 clear impressions of his foot-marks : one in the roadway it- 
 self, at the point where he had climbed the low wall, two on 
 the lawn, and two very faint ones upon the stained boards 
 near the window where he had entered. He had apparently 
 rushed across the lawn, for his toe-marks were much deeper 
 than his heels. But it was not the man who surprised me. 
 It was his companion." 
 
 " His companion !" 
 
 Holmes pulled a large sheet of tissue-paper out of his 
 pocket and carefully unfolded it upon his knee.
 
 q6 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " What do you make of that ?" he asked. 
 
 The paper was covered with the tracings of the foot-marks 
 of some small animal. It had five well-marked foot-pads, an 
 indication of long nails, and the whole print might be nearly 
 as large as a dessert-spoon. 
 
 " It's a dog," said I. 
 
 " Did you ever hear of a dog running up a curtain ? I 
 found distinct traces that this creature had done so." 
 
 " A monkey, then ?" 
 
 " But it is not the print of a monkey." 
 
 " What can it be, then ?" 
 
 " Neither dog nor cat nor monkey nor any creature that 
 we are familiar with. I have tried to reconstruct it from the 
 measurements. Here are four prints where the beast has 
 been standing motionless. You see that it is no less than 
 fifteen inches from fore-foot to hind. Add to that the length 
 of neck and head, and you get a creature not much less than 
 two feet long probably more if there is any tail. But now 
 observe this other measurement. The animal has been mov- 
 ing, and we have the length of its stride. In each case it is 
 only about three inches. You have an indication, you see, 
 of a long body with very short legs attached to it. It has 
 not been considerate enough to leave any of its hair behind 
 it. But its general shape must be what I have indicated, and 
 it can run up a curtain, and it is carnivorous." 
 
 " How do you deduce that ?" 
 
 "Because it ran up the curtain. A canary's cage was 
 hanging in the window, and its aim seems to have been to 
 get at the bird." 
 
 " Then what was the beast ?" 
 
 "Ah, if I could give it a name it might go a long way 
 towards solving the case. On the whole, it was probably 
 some creature of the weasel and stoat tribe and yet it is 
 larger than any of these that I have seen." 
 
 " But what had it to do with the crime ?" 
 
 " That, also, is still obscure. But we have learned a good
 
 THE CROOKED MAN 147 
 
 deal, you perceive. We know that a man stood in the road 
 looking at the quarrel between the Barclays the blinds were 
 up and the room lighted. We know, also, that he ran across 
 the lawn, entered the room, accompanied by a strange ani- 
 mal, and that he either struck the Colonel or, as is equally 
 possible, that the Colonel fell down from sheer fright at the 
 sight of him, and cut his head on the corner of the fender. 
 Finally, we have the curious fact that the intruder carried 
 away the key with him when he left." 
 
 " Your discoveries seem to have left the business more ob- 
 scure than it was before," said I. 
 
 " Quite so. They undoubtedly showed that the affair was 
 much deeper than was at first conjectured. I thought the 
 matter over, and I came to the conclusion that I must ap- 
 proach the case from another aspect. But really, Watson, I 
 am keeping you up, and I might just as well tell you all this 
 on our way to Aldershot to-morrow." 
 
 " Thank you, you have gone rather too far to stop." 
 
 " It is quite certain that when Mrs. Barclay left the house 
 at half-past seven she was on good terms with her husband. 
 She was never, as I think I have said, ostentatiously affec- 
 tionate, but she was heard by the coachman chatting with 
 the Colonel in a friendly fashion. Now, it was equally cer- 
 tain that, immediately on her return, she had gone to the 
 room in which she was least likely to see her husband, had 
 flown to tea as an agitated woman will, and finally, on his com- 
 ing in to her, had broken into violent recriminations. There- 
 fore something had occurred between seven-thirty and nine 
 o'clock which had completely altered her feelings towards him. 
 But Miss Morrison had been with her during the whole of that 
 hour and a half. It was absolutely certain, therefore, in spite 
 of her denial, that she must know something of the matter. 
 
 "My first conjecture was, that possibly there had been some 
 passages between this young lady and the old soldier, which 
 the former had now confessed to the wife. That would ac- 
 count for the angry return, and also for the girl's denial that
 
 I*o MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 anything had occurred. Nor would it be entirely incompati- 
 ble with most of the words overheard. But there was the ref- 
 erence to David, and there was the known affection of the 
 Colonel for his wife, to weigh against it, to say nothing of the 
 tragic intrusion of this other man, which might, of course, be 
 entirely disconnected with what had gone before. It was not 
 easy to pick one's steps, but, on the whole, I was inclined to 
 dismiss the idea that there had been anything between the 
 Colonel and Miss Morrison, but more than ever convinced 
 that the young lady held the clue as to what it was which 
 had turned Mrs. Barclay to hatred of her husband. I took 
 the obvious coursCj therefore, of calling upon Miss M., of ex- 
 plaining to her that I was perfectly certain that she held the 
 facts in her possession, and of assuring her that her friend, 
 Mrs. Barclay, might find herself in the dock upon a capital 
 charge unless the matter were cleared up. 
 
 " Miss Morrison is a little ethereal slip of a girl, with timid 
 eyes and blond hair, but I found her by no means wanting in 
 shrewdness and common-sense. She sat thinking for some 
 time after I had spoken, and then, turning to me with a brisk 
 air of resolution, she broke into a remarkable statement which 
 I will condense for your benefit. 
 
 " ' I promised my friend that I would say nothing of the 
 matter, and a promise is a promise,' said she ; ' but if I can 
 really help her when so serious a charge is laid against her, 
 and when her own mouth, poor darling, is closed by illness, 
 then I think I am absolved from my promise. I will tell you 
 exactly what happened upon Monday evening. 
 
 " 'We were returning from the Watt Street Mission about a 
 quarter to nine o'clock. On our way we had to pass through 
 Hudson Street, which is a very quiet thoroughfare. There is 
 only one lamp in it, upon the left-hand side, and as we ap- 
 proached this lamp I saw a man coming towards us with his 
 back very bent, and something like a box slung over one of 
 his shoulders. He appeared to be deformed, for he carried 
 bis head low and walked with his knees bent. We were
 
 THE CROOKED MAN 14-) 
 
 passing him when he raised his face to look at us in the circle 
 of light thrown by the lamp, and as he did so he stopped 
 and screamed out in a dreadful voice, " My God, it's Nancy !" 
 Mrs. Barclay turned as white as death, and would have fallen 
 down had the dreadful-looking creature not caught hold of 
 her. I was going to call for the police, but she, to my sur- 
 prise, spoke quite civilly to the fellow. 
 
 " ' " I thought you had been dead this thirty years, Henry," 
 said she, in a shaking voice. 
 
 " ' " So I have," said he, and it was awful to hear the tones 
 that he said it in. He had a very dark, fearsome face, and a 
 gleam in his eyes that comes back to me in my dreams. His 
 hair and whiskers were shot with gray, and his face was all 
 crinkled and puckered like a withered apple. 
 
 " ' " Just walk on a little way, dear," said Mrs. Barclay ; " I 
 want to have a word with this man. There is nothing to be 
 afraid of." She tried to speak boldly, but she was still deadly 
 pale and could hardly get her words out for the trembling of 
 her lips. 
 
 " ' I did as she asked me, and they talked together for a few 
 minutes. Then she came down the street with her eyes blaz- 
 ing, and I saw the crippled wretch standing by the lamp-post 
 and shaking his clenched fists in the air as if he were mad 
 with rage. She never said a word until we were at the door 
 here, when she took me by the hand and begged me to tell 
 no one what had happened. 
 
 " ' " It's an old acquaintance of mine who has come down 
 in the world," said she. When I promised her I would say 
 nothing she kissed me, and I have never seen her since. I 
 have told you now the whole truth, and if I withheld it from 
 the police it is because I did not realize then the danger in 
 which my dear friend stood. I know that it can only be to 
 her advantage that everything should be known.' 
 
 " There was her statement, Watson, and to me, as you can 
 imagine, it was like a light on a dark night. Everything 
 which had been disconnected before began at once to assume
 
 150 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 its true place, and I had a shadowy presentiment ot the 
 whole sequence of events. My next step obviously was to 
 find the man who had produced such a remarkable impres- 
 sion upon Mrs. Barclay. If he were still in Aldershot it 
 should not be a very difficult matter. There are not such a 
 very great number of civilians, and a deformed man was sure 
 to have attracted attention. I spent a day in the search, and 
 by evening this very evening, Watson I had run him down. 
 The man's name is Henry Wood, and he lives in lodgings in 
 this same street in which the ladies met him. He has only 
 been five days in the place. In the character of a registra- 
 tion-agent I had a most interesting gossip with his landlady. 
 The man is by trade a conjurer and performer, going round 
 the canteens after nightfall, and giving a little entertainment 
 at each. He carries some creature about with him in that 
 box, about which the landlady seemed to be in considerable 
 trepidation, for she had never seen an animal like it. He 
 uses it in some of his tricks according to her account. So 
 much the woman was able to tell me, and also that it was a 
 wonder the man lived, seeing how twisted he was, and that he 
 spoke in a strange tongue sometimes, and that for the last 
 two nights she had heard him groaning and weeping in his 
 bedroom. He was all right, as far as money went, but in his 
 deposit he had given her what looked like a bad florin. She 
 showed it to me, Watson, and it was an Indian rupee. 
 
 " So now, my dear fellow, you see exactly how we stand and 
 why it is I want you. It is perfectly plain that after the ladies 
 parted from this man he followed them at a distance, that he 
 saw the quarrel between husband and wife through the win- 
 dow, that he rushed in, and that the creature which he carried 
 in his box got loose. That is all very certain. But he is the 
 only person in this world who can tell us exactly what hap 
 pened in that room." 
 
 " And you intend to ask him ?" 
 
 " Most certainly but in the presence of a witness." 
 
 " And I am the witness ?"
 
 THE CROOKED MAN I$t 
 
 " If you will be so good. If he can clear the matter up, 
 well and good. If he refuses, we have no alternative but to 
 apply for a warrant." 
 
 " But how do you know he'll be there when we return ?" 
 " You may be sure that I took some precautions. I have 
 one of my Baker Street boys mounting guard over him who 
 would stick to him like a burr, go where he might. We shall 
 find him in Hudson Street to-morrow, Watson, and meanwhile 
 I should be the criminal myself if I kept you out of bed any 
 longer." 
 
 It was midday when we found ourselves at the scene of the 
 tragedy, and, under my companion's guidance, we made our 
 way at once to Hudson Street. In spite of his capacity for 
 concealing his emotions, I could easily see that Holmes was 
 in a state of suppressed excitement, while I was myself tin- 
 gling with that half-sporting, half-intellectual pleasure which I 
 invariably experienced when I associated myself with him in 
 his investigations. 
 
 "This is the street," said he, as we turned into a short 
 thoroughfare lined with plain two-storied brick houses. "Ah, 
 here is Simpson to report." 
 
 " He's in all right, Mr. Holmes," cried a small street Arab, 
 running up to us. 
 
 " Good, Simpson !" said Holmes, patting him on the head. 
 " Come along. Watson. This is the house." He sent in his 
 card with a message that he had come on important business, 
 and a moment later we were face to face with the man whom 
 we had come to see. In spite of the warm weather he was 
 crouching over a fire, and the little room was like an oven. 
 The man sat all twisted and huddled in his chair in a way 
 which gave an indescribable impression of deformity ; but the 
 face which he turned towards us, though worn and swarthy, 
 must at some time have been remarkable for its beauty. 
 He looked suspiciously at us now out of yellow-shot, bilious 
 eyes, and, without speaking or rising, he waved towards two 
 chairs.
 
 152 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " Mr. Henry Wood, late of India, I believe," said Holmes, 
 affably. " I've come over this little matter of Colonel Bar- 
 clay's death." 
 
 "What should I know about that?" 
 
 " That's what I want to ascertain. You know, I suppose, 
 that unless the matter is cleared up, Mrs. Barclay, who is an 
 old friend of yours, will in all probability be tried for murder." 
 
 The man gave a violent start. 
 
 " I don't know who you are," he cried, " nor how you come 
 to know what you do know, but will you swear that this is 
 true that you tell me ?" 
 
 " Why, they are only waiting for her to come to her senses 
 to arrest her." 
 
 " My God ! Are you in the police yourself ?" 
 
 " No." 
 
 " What business is it of yours, then ?" 
 
 " It's every man's business to see justice done." 
 
 " You can take my word that she is innocent." 
 
 "Then you are guilty." 
 
 " No, I am not." 
 
 " Who killed Colonel James Barclay, then ?" 
 
 " It was a just providence that killed him. But, mind you 
 this, that if I had knocked his brains out, as it was in my 
 heart to do, he would have had no more than his due from 
 my hands. If his own guilty conscience had not struck him 
 down it is likely enough that I might have had his blood 
 upon my soul. You want me to tell the story. Well, I don't 
 know why I shouldn't, for there's no cause for me to be 
 ashamed of it. 
 
 " It was in this way, sir. You see me now with my back 
 like a camel and my ribs all awry, but there was a time when 
 Corporal Henry Wood was the smartest man in the uyth 
 foot. We were in India then, in cantonments, at a place 
 we'll call Bhurtee. Barclay, who died the other day, was ser- 
 geant in the same company as myself, and the belle of the 
 regiment, ay, and the finest girl that ever had the breath of
 
 THE CROOKED MAN 153 
 
 life between her lips, was Nancy Devoy, the daughter of the 
 color-sergeant. There were two men that loved her, and one 
 tha-t she loved, and you'll smile when you look at this poor 
 thing huddled before the fire, and hear me say that it was for 
 my good looks that she loved me. 
 
 " Well, though I had her heart, her father was set upon her 
 marrying Barclay. I was a harum-scarum, reckless lad, and 
 he had had an education, and was already marked for the 
 sword-belt. But the girl held true to me, and it seemed that 
 I would have had her when the Mutiny broke out, and all hell 
 was loose in the country. 
 
 " We were shut up in Bhurtee, the regiment of us with half 
 a battery of artillery, a company of Sikhs, and a lot of civil- 
 ians and women-folk. There were ten thousand rebels round 
 us, and they were as keen as a set of terriers round a rat- 
 cage. About the second week of it our water gave out, and 
 it was a question whether we could communicate with Gen- 
 eral Neill's column, which was moving up country. It was 
 our only chance, for we could not hope to fight our way out 
 with all the women and children, so I volunteered to go out 
 and to warn General Neill of our danger. My offer was ac- 
 cepted, and I talked it over with Sergeant Barclay, who was 
 supposed to know the ground better than any other man, and 
 who drew up a route by which I might get through the rebel 
 lines. At ten o'clock the same night I started off upon my 
 journey. There were a thousand lives to save, but it was of 
 only one that I was thinking when I dropped over the wall 
 that night. 
 
 " My way ran down a dried-up watercourse, which we hoped 
 would screen me from the enemy's sentries ; but as I crept 
 round the corner of it I walked right into six of them, who 
 were crouching down in the dark waiting for me. In an in- 
 stant I was stunned with a blow and bound hand and foot. 
 But the real blow was to my heart and not to my head, for as 
 I came to and listened to as much as I could understand of 
 their talk, I heard enough to tell me that my comrade, the
 
 154 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 very man who had arranged the way that I was to take, had 
 betrayed me by means of a native servant into the hands of 
 the enemy. 
 
 " Well, there's no need for me to dwell on that part of it. 
 You know now what James Barclay was capable of. Bhurtee 
 was relieved by Neill next day, but the rebels took me away 
 with them in their retreat, and it was many a long year before 
 ever I saw a white face again. I was tortured and tried to 
 get away, and was captured and tortured again. You can see 
 for yourselves the state in which I was left. Some of them 
 that fled into Nepaul took me with them, and then afterwards 
 I was up past Darjeeling. The hill-folk up there murdered 
 the rebels who had me, and I became their slave for a time 
 until I escaped ; but instead of going south I had to go north, 
 until I found myself among the Afghans. There I wandered 
 about for many a year, and at last came back to the Punjaub, 
 where I lived mostly among the natives and picked up a liv- 
 ing by the conjuring tricks that I had learned. What use 
 was it for me, a wretched cripple, to go back to England or to 
 make myself known to my old comrades ? Even my wish for 
 revenge would not make me do that. I had rather that Nancy 
 and my old pals should think of Harry Wood as having died 
 with a straight back, than see him living and crawling with a 
 stick like a chimpanzee. They never doubted that I was 
 dead, and I meant that they never should. I heard that Bar- 
 clay had married Nancy, and that he was rising rapidly in the 
 regiment, but even that did not make me speak. 
 
 " But when one gets old one has a longing for home. For 
 years I've been dreaming of the bright green fields and the 
 hedges of England. At last I determined to see them before 
 I died. I saved enough to bring me across, and then I came 
 here where the soldiers are, for I know their ways and how 
 to amuse them and so earn enough to keep me." 
 
 " Your narrative is most interesting," said Sherlock Holmes. 
 44 1 have already heard of your meeting with Mrs. Barclay, and 
 vour mutual recognition. You then, as I understand, io\
 
 THE CROOKED MAN 155 
 
 lowed her home and saw through the window an altercation 
 between her husband and her, in which she doubtless cast 
 his conduct to you in his teeth. Your own feelings overcame 
 you, and you ran across the lawn and broke in upon them." 
 
 " I did, sir, and at the sight of me he looked as I have 
 never seen a man look before, and over he went with his head 
 on the fender. But he was dead before he fell. I read death 
 on his face as plain as I can read that text over the fire. The 
 bare sight of me was like a bullet through his guilty heart." 
 
 " And then ?" 
 
 " Then Nancy fainted, and I caught up the key of the door 
 from her hand, intending to unlock it and get help. But 
 as I was doing it it seemed to me better to leave it alone and 
 get away, for the thing might look black against me, and any 
 way my secret would be out if I were taken. In my haste I 
 thrust the key into my pocket, and dropped my stick while 
 I was chasing Teddy, who had run up the curtain. When I 
 got him into his box, from which he had slipped, I was off as 
 fast as I could run." 
 
 " Who's Teddy ?" asked Holmes. 
 
 The man leaned over and pulled up the front of a kind of 
 hutch in the corner. In an instant out there slipped a beau- 
 tiful reddish-brown creature, thin and lithe, with the legs of 
 a stoat, a long, thin nose, and a pair of the finest red eyes 
 that ever I saw in an animal's head. 
 
 " It's a mongoose," I cried. 
 
 " Well, some call them that, and some call them ichneu- 
 mon," said the man. " Snake-catcher is what I call them, and 
 Teddy is amazing quick on cobras. I have one here without 
 the fangs, and Teddy catches it every night to please the folk 
 in the canteen. 
 
 " Any other point, sir ?" 
 
 " Well, we may have to apply to you again if Mrs. Barclay 
 should prove to be in serious trouble." 
 
 " In that case, of course, I'd come forward." 
 
 " But if not, there is no object in raking up this scandal
 
 C$6 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 against a dead man, foully as he has acted. You have at 
 least the satisfaction of knowing that for thirty years of his 
 life his conscience bitterly reproached him for this wicked 
 deed. Ah, there goes Major Murphy on the other side of the 
 street. Good-by, Wood. I want to learn if anything has 
 Jmppened since yesterday." 
 
 We were in time to overtake the major before he reached 
 the corner. 
 
 " Ah, Holmes," he said ; " I suppose you have heard that 
 all this fuss has come to nothing?" 
 
 " What then ?" 
 
 " The inquest is just over. The medical evidence showed 
 conclusively that death was due to apoplexy. You see it was 
 quite a simple case after all." 
 
 "Oh, remarkably superficial," said Holmes, smiling. "Corne, 
 Watson, I don't think we shall be wanted in Aldershot any 
 more." 
 
 " There's one thing," said I, as we walked down to the sta- 
 tion. " If the husband's name was James, and the other was 
 Henry, what was this talk about David ?" 
 
 " That one word, my dear Watson, should have told me the 
 whole story had I been the ideal reasoner which you are so 
 fond of depicting. It was evidently a term of reproach." 
 
 " Of reproach ?" 
 
 " Yes ; David strayed a little occasionally, you know, and on 
 one occasion in the same direction as Sergeant James Barclay. 
 You remember the small affair of Uriah and Bathsheba ? My 
 biblical knowledge is a trifle rusty, I fear, but you will find 
 the story in the first or second of Samuel."
 
 BMoenture II 
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT 
 
 >N glancing over the somewhat incoherent series of 
 Memoirs with which I have endeavored to illus- 
 trate a few of the mental peculiarities of my 
 friend Mr, Sherlock Holmes, I have been struck 
 by the difficulty which I have experienced in 
 picking out examples which shall in every way answer my 
 purpose. For in those cases in which Holmes has performed 
 some tour de force of analytical reasoning, and has demon- 
 strated the value of his peculiar methods of investigation, the 
 facts themselves have often been so slight or so commonplace 
 that I could not feel justified in laying them before the pub- 
 lic. On the other hand, it has frequently happened that he 
 has been concerned in some research where the facts have 
 been of the most remarkable and dramatic character, but 
 where the share which he has himself taken in determining 
 their causes has been less pronounced than I, as his biogra- 
 pher, could wish. The small matter which I have chronicled 
 under the heading of " A Study in Scarlet," and that other 
 later one connected with the loss of the Gloria Scott, may 
 serve as examples of this Scylla and Charybdis which are for- 
 ever threatening the historian. It may be that in the busi- 
 ness of which I am now about to write the part which my 
 friend played is not sufficiently accentuated; and yet the whole 
 train of circumstances is so remarkable that I cannot bring 
 myself to omit it entirely from this series. 
 
 It had been a close, rainy day in October. Our blinds 
 were half-drawn, and Holmes lay curled upon the sofa, read- 
 ing and re-reading a letter which he had received by the
 
 158 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 morning post. For myself, my term of service in India had 
 trained me to stand heat better than cold, and a thermometer 
 of 90 was no hardship. But the paper was uninteresting. 
 Parliament had risen. Everybody was out of town, and 7 
 yearned for the glades of the New Forest or the shingle of 
 Southsea. A depleted bank account had caused me to post- 
 pone my holiday, and as to my companion, neither the country 
 nor the sea presented the slightest attraction to him. He 
 loved to lie in the very centre of five millions of people, with 
 his filaments stretching out and running through them, re- 
 sponsive to every little rumor or suspicion of unsolved crime. 
 Appreciation of Nature found no place among his many gifts, 
 and his only change was when he turned his mind from the 
 evil-doer of the town to track down his brother of the country. 
 
 Finding that Holmes was too absorbed for conversation, I 
 had tossed aside the barren paper, and leaning back in my 
 chair, I fell into a brown study. Suddenly my companion's 
 voice broke in upon my thoughts. 
 
 "You are right, Watson," said he. "It does seem a very 
 preposterous way of settling a dispute." 
 
 "Most preposterous!" I exclaimed, and then, suddenly real- 
 izing how he had echoed the inmost thought of my soul, I sat 
 up in my chair and stared at him in blank amazement. 
 
 "What is this, Holmes?" I cried. "This is beyond any- 
 thing which I could have imagined." 
 
 He laughed heartily at my perplexity. 
 
 "You remember," said he, "that some little time ago, when 
 I read you the passage in one of Poe's sketches, in which a 
 close reasoner follows the unspoken thoughts of his companion, 
 you were inclined to treat the matter as a mere tour-de-force of 
 the author. On my remarking that I was constantly in the 
 habit of doing the same thing you expressed incredulity." 
 
 " Oh, no !" 
 
 " Perhaps not with your tongue, my dear Watson, but cer- 
 tainly with your eyebrows. So when I saw you throw dovra 
 your paper and enter upon a train of thought, I was very 
 happy to have the opportunity of reading it off, and eventually
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT 159 
 
 of breaking into it, as a proof that I had been in rapport with 
 you." 
 
 But I was still far from satisfied. " In the example which 
 you read to me," said I, "the reasoner drew his conclusions 
 from the actions of the man whom he observed. If I remem- 
 ber right, he stumbled over a heap of stones, looked up at the 
 stars, and so on. But I have been seated quietly in my chair, 
 and what clews can I have given you ?" 
 
 " You do yourself an injustice. The features are given to 
 man as the means by which he shall express his emotions, 
 and yours are faithful servants." 
 
 " Do you mean to say that you read my train of thoughts 
 from my features ?" 
 
 "Your features, and especially your eyes. Perhaps you 
 cannot yourself recall how your reverie commenced ?" 
 
 " No, I cannot." 
 
 "Then I will tell you. After throwing down your paper, 
 which was the action which drew my attention to you, you sat 
 for half a minute with a vacant expression. Then your eyes 
 fixed themselves upon your newly-framed picture of General 
 Gordon, and I saw by the alteration in your face that a train 
 of thought had been started. But it did not lead very far. 
 Your eyes turned across to the unframed portrait of Henry 
 Ward Beecher which stands upon the top of your books. You 
 then glanced p at the wall, and of course your meaning was 
 obvious. You were thinking that if the portrait were framed 
 it would just cover that bare space and correspond with Gor- 
 don's picture over there." 
 
 "You have followed me wonderfully!" I exclaimed. 
 
 " So far I could hardly have gone astray. But now your 
 thoughts went back to Beecher, and you looked hard across 
 as if you were studying the character in his features. Then 
 your eyes ceased to pucker, but you continued to look across, 
 and your face was thoughtful. You were recalling the inci- 
 dents of Beecher's career. I was well aware that you could 
 not do this without thinking of the mission which he under- 
 took oa behalf of the North at the time of the Civil War, for
 
 l6<> MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 I remember you expressing your passionate indignation at 
 the way in which he was received by the more turbulent of 
 our people. You felt so strongly about it that I knew you 
 could not think of Beecher without thinking of that also. 
 When a moment later I saw your eyes wander away from the 
 picture, I suspected that your mind had now turned to the 
 Civil War, and when I observed that your lips set, your eyes 
 sparkled, and your hands clinched, I was positive that you 
 were indeed thinking of the gallantry which was shown by 
 both sides in that desperate struggle. But then, again, your 
 face grew sadder ; you shook your head. You were dwelling 
 upon the sadness and horror and useless waste of life. Your 
 hand stole towards your own old wound, and a smile quivered 
 on your lips, which showed me that the ridiculous side of this 
 method of settling international questions had forced itself 
 upon your mind. At this point I agreed with you that it was 
 preposterous, and was glad to find that all my deductions had 
 been correct." 
 
 " Absolutely !" said I. " And now that you have explained 
 it, I confess that I am as amazed as before." 
 
 " It was very superficial, my dear Watson, I assure you. I 
 should not have intruded it upon your attention had you not 
 shown some incredulity the other day. But the evening has 
 brought a breeze with it What do you say to a ramble 
 through London ?" 
 
 I was weary of our little sitting-room and gladly acquiesced. 
 For three hours we strolled about together, watching the ever- 
 changing kaleidoscope of life as it ebbs and flows through 
 Fleet Street and the Strand. His characteristic talk, with its 
 keen observance of detail and subtle power of inference, held me 
 amused and enthralled. It was ten o'clock before we reached 
 Baker Street again. A brougham was waiting at our door. 
 
 " Hum ! A doctor's general practitioner, I perceive," said 
 Holmes. " Not been long in practice, but has had a good deal 
 to do. Come to consult us, I fancy! Lucky we came back !" 
 
 I was sufficiently conversant with Holmes's methods to be 
 able to follow his reasoning, and to see that the nature and
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT l6l 
 
 state of the various medical instruments in the wicker basket 
 which hung in the lamplight inside the brougham had given 
 him the data for his swift deduction. The light in our window 
 above showed that this late visit was indeed intended for us. 
 With some curiosity as to what could have sent a brother medi- 
 co to us at such an hour, I followed Holmes into our sanctum. 
 
 A pale, taper-faced man with sandy whiskers rose up from 
 a chair by the fire as we entered. His age may not have been 
 more than three or four and thirty, but his haggard expression 
 and unhealthy hue told of a life which had sapped his strength 
 and robbed him of his youth. His manner was nervous and 
 shy, like that of a sensitive gentleman, and the thin white 
 hand which he laid on the mantelpiece as he rose was that 
 of an artist rather than of a surgeon. His dress was quiet 
 and sombre a black frock-coat, dark trousers, and a touch of 
 color about his necktie. 
 
 " Good-evening, doctor," said Holmes, cheerily. " I am glad 
 to see that you have only been waiting a very few minutes." 
 
 " You spoke to my coachman, then ?" 
 
 " No, it was the candle on the side-table that told me. Pray 
 resume your seat and let me know how I can serve you." 
 
 " My name is Doctor Percy Trevelyan," said our visitor, 
 " and I live at 403 Brook Street." 
 
 " Are you not the author of a monograph upon obscure 
 nervous lesions ?" I asked. 
 
 His pale cheeks flushed with pleasure at hearing that his 
 work was known to me. 
 
 " I so seldom hear of the work that I thought it was quite 
 dead," said he. " My publishers gave me a most discourag- 
 ing account of its sale. You are yourself, I presume, a med- 
 ical man ?" 
 
 " A retired army surgeon." 
 
 " My own hobby has always been nervous disease. I should 
 wish to make it an absolute specialty, but, of course, a man 
 must take what he can get at first. This, however, is beside 
 the question, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, and I quite appreciate
 
 1 62 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 how valuable your time is. The fact is that a very singular 
 train of events has occurred recently at my house in Brook 
 Street, and to-night they came to such a head that I felt it 
 was quite impossible for me to wait another hour before ask- 
 ing for your advice and assistance." 
 
 Sherlock Holmes sit down and lit his pipe. " You are very 
 welcome to both," said he. " Pray let me have a detailed ac- 
 .count of what the circumstances are which have disturbed 
 you." 
 
 "One or two of them are so trivial/ 1 said Dr. Trevelyan, 
 " that really I am almost ashamed to mention them. But the 
 matter is so inexplicable, and the recent turn which it has 
 taken is so elaborate, that I shall lay it all before you, and 
 you shall judge what is essential and what is not. 
 
 "I am compelled, to begin with, to say something of my 
 own college cr.reer. I am a London University man, you 
 know, and I am sure that you will not think that I am unduly 
 singing my own praises if I say that my student career was 
 considered by my professors to be a very promising one. 
 After I had graduated I continued to devote myself to re- 
 search, occupying a minor position in King's College Hos- 
 pital, and I was fortunate enough to excite considerable in- 
 terest by my research into the pathology of catalepsy, and 
 finally to win the Bruce Pinkerton prize and medal by the 
 monograph on nervous lesions to which your friend has just 
 alluded. I should not go too far if I were to say that there 
 was a general impression at that time that a distinguished 
 career lay before n:e. 
 
 " But the one great stumbling-block lay in my want of capi- 
 tal. As you will readily understand, a specialist who aims 
 high is compelled to start in one of a dozen streets in the 
 Cavendish Square quarter, all of which entail enormous rents 
 and furnishing expenses. Besides this preliminary outlay, he 
 must be prepared to keep himself for some years, and to hire 
 a presentable carriage and horse. To do this was quite be- 
 yond my power, and I could only hope that by economy I 
 misrht in ten vears' time <z ^mrri, to enable me to put up
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIEIfT 163 
 
 my plate. Suddenly, however, an unexpected incident opened 
 up quite a new prospect to me. 
 
 " This was a visit from a gentleman of the name of Blessing- 
 ton, who was a complete stranger to me. He came up into my 
 room one morning, and plunged into business in an instant. 
 
 " ' You are the same Percy Trevelyan who has had so dis- 
 tinguished a career and won a great prize lately ?' said he. 
 
 " I bowed. 
 
 " 'Answer me frankly,' he continued, 'for you will find it to 
 your interest to do so. You have all the cleverness which 
 makes a successful man. Have you the tact?' 
 
 " I could not help smiling at the abruptness of the question. 
 
 " ' I trust that I have my share,' I said. 
 
 " ' Any bad habits ? Not drawn towards drink, eh ?' 
 
 " ' Really, sir !' I cried. 
 
 " ' Quite right ! That's all right ! But I was bound to ask. 
 With all these qualities, why are you not in practice ?' 
 
 " I shrugged my shoulders. 
 
 " 'Come, come !' said he, in his bustling way. 'It's the old 
 story. More in your brains than in your pocket, eh ? What 
 would you say if I were to start you in Brook Street ?' 
 
 " I stared at him in astonishment. 
 
 " ' Oh, it's for my sake, not for yours,' he cried. ' I'll be 
 perfectly frank with you, and if it suits you it will suit me 
 very well. I have a few thousands to invest, d' ye see, and I 
 think I'll sink them in you.' 
 
 " ' But why ?' I gasped. 
 
 " ' Well, it's just like any other speculation, and safer than 
 most.' 
 
 " ' What am I to do, then ?' 
 
 " ' I'll tell you. I'll take the house, furnish it, pay the 
 maids, and run the whole place. All you have to do is just 
 to wear out your chair in the consulting - room. I'll let you 
 have pocket-money and everything. Then you hand over to 
 me three quarters of what you earn, and you keep the other 
 quarter for yourself,' 
 
 "This was thp strange proposal, Mr. Holmes, with which
 
 164 MEMOIRS OF 'SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 the man Blessington approached me. I won't weary you 
 with the account of how we bargained and negotiated. It 
 ended in my moving into the house next Lady-day, and start- 
 ing in practice on very much the same conditions as he had 
 suggested. He came himself to live with me in the character 
 of a resident patient His heart was weak, it appears, and 
 he needed constant medical supervision. He turned the two 
 best rooms of the first floor into a sitting-room and bedroom 
 for himself. He was a man of singular habits, shunning 
 company and very seldom going out. His life was irregular, 
 but in one respect he was regularity itself. Every evening, 
 at the same hour, he walked into the consulting-room, exam- 
 ined the books, put down five and three -pence for every 
 guinea that I had earned, and carried the rest off to the 
 strong-box in his own room. 
 
 " I may say with confidence that he never had occasion to 
 .egret his speculation. From the first it was a success. A few 
 good cases and the reputation which I had won in the hospi- 
 tal brought me rapidly to the front, and during the last few 
 years I have made him a rich man. 
 
 " So much, Mr. Holmes, for my past history and my rela- 
 tions with Mr. Blessington. It only remains for me now to 
 tell you what has occurred to bring me here to-night. 
 
 " Some weeks ago Mr. Blessington came down to me in, as 
 it seemed to me, a state of considerable agitation. He spoke 
 of some burglary which, he said, had been committed in the 
 West End, and he appeared, 1 remember, to be quite unnec- 
 essarily excited about it, declaring that a day should not pass 
 before we should add stronger bolts to our windows and 
 doors. For a week he continued to be in a peculiar state 
 of restlessness, peering continually out of the windows, and 
 ceasing to take the short walk which had usually been the 
 prelude to his dinner. From his manner it struck me that 
 he was in mortal dread of something or somebody, but when 
 1 questioned him upon the point he became so offensive that 
 I was compelled to drop the subject. Gradually, as time 
 passed, his fears appeared to die away, and he had renewed
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT 165 
 
 his former habits, when a fresh event reduced him to the 
 pitiable state of prostration in which he now lies. 
 
 "What happened was this. Two days ago I received the 
 letter which I now read to you. Neither address nor date is 
 attached to it. 
 
 " ' A Russian nobleman who is now resident in England,' 
 it runs, ' would be glad to avail himself of the professional 
 assistance of Dr. Percy Trevelyan. He has been for some 
 years a victim to cataleptic attacks, on which, as is well 
 known, Dr. Trevelyan is an authority. He proposes to call 
 at about a quarter past six to-morrow evening, if Dr. Trevelyan 
 will make it convenient to be at home.' 
 
 " This letter interested me deeply, because the chief diffi- 
 culty in the study of catalepsy is the rareness of the disease. 
 You may believe, then, that I was in my consulting -room 
 when, at the appointed hour, the page showed in the patient. 
 
 " He was an elderly man, thin, demure, and commonplace- 
 by no means the conception one forms of a Russian nobleman. 
 I was much more struck by the appearance of his companion. 
 This was a tall young man, surprisingly handsome, with a 
 dark, fierce face, and the limbs and chest of a Hercules. He 
 had his hand under the other's arm as they entered, and 
 helped him to a chair with a tenderness which one would 
 hardly have expected from his appearance. 
 
 " ' You will excuse my coming in, doctor,' said he to me, 
 speaking English with a slight lisp. ' This is my father, and 
 his health is a matter of the most overwhelming importance 
 to me.' 
 
 " I was touched by this filial anxiety. ' You would, per- 
 haps, care to remain during the consultation ?' said I. 
 
 " ' Not for the world,' he cried, with a gesture of horror. 
 'It is more painful to me than I can express. If I were to 
 see my father in one of these dreadful seizures I am convinced 
 that I should never survive it. My own nervous system is an 
 exceptionally sensitive one. With your permission, I will re- 
 main in the waiting-room while you go into my father's case.'
 
 166 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 "To this, of course, I assented, and the young man with- 
 drew. The patient and I then plunged into a discussion of 
 his case, of which I took exhaustive notes. He was not re- 
 markable for intelligence, and his answers were frequently 
 obscure, which I attributed to his limited acquaintance with 
 our language. Suddenly, however, as I sat writing, he ceased 
 to give any answer at all to my inquiries, and on my turning 
 towards him I was shocked to see that he was sitting br.lt up- 
 right in his chair, staring at me with a perfectly blank and rigid 
 face. He was again in the grip of his mysterious malady. 
 
 " My first feeling, as I have just said, was one of pity and 
 horror. My second, I fear, was rather one of professional 
 satisfaction. I made notes of my patient's pulse and tem- 
 perature, tested the rigidity of his muscles, and examined his 
 reflexes. There was nothing markedly abnormal in any of 
 these conditions, which harmonized with my former experi- 
 ences. I had obtained good results in such cases by the 
 inhalation of nitrite of amyl, and the present seemed an admi- 
 rable opportunity of testing its virtues. The bottle was down- 
 stairs in my laboratory, so leaving my patient seated in his 
 chair, I ran down to get it. There was some little delay in 
 finding it five minutes, Jet us say and then I returned. 
 Imagine my amazement to find the room empty and the pa- 
 tient gone. 
 
 " Of course, my first act was to run into the waiting-room. 
 The son had gone also. The hall door had been closed, but 
 not shut. My page who admits patients is a new boy and 
 by no means quick. He waits downstairs, and runs up to 
 show patients out when I ring the consulting-room bell. He 
 had heard nothing, and the affair remained a complete mys- 
 tery. Mr. Blessington came in from his walk shortly after- 
 wards, but I did not say anything to him upon the subject, 
 for, to tell the truth, I have got in the way of late of holding 
 as little communication with him as possible. 
 
 " Well, I never thought that I should see anything more of 
 the Russian and his son, so you can imagine my amazement
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT l6}' 
 
 when, at the very same hour this evening, they both came 
 marching into my consulting-room, just as they had done 
 before. 
 
 " ' I feel that I owe you a great many apologies for my ab- 
 rupt departure yesterday, doctor,' said my patient. 
 
 " ' I confess that I was very much surprised at it,' said I. 
 
 " ' Well, the fact is,' he remarked, ' that when I recover 
 from these attacks my mind is always very clouded as to all 
 that has gone before. I woke up in a strange room, as it 
 seemed to me, and made my way out into the street in a sort 
 of dazed way when you were absent.' 
 
 " ' And I,' said the son, ' seeing my father pass the door 
 of the waiting-room, naturally thought that the consultation 
 had come to an end. It was not until we had reached home 
 that I began to realize the true state of affairs.' 
 
 " ' Well,' said I, laughing, ' there is no harm done except 
 that you puzzled me terribly ; so if you, sir, would kindly step 
 into the waiting-room I shall be happy to continue our con- 
 sultation which was brought to so abrupt an ending.' 
 
 " For half an hour or so I discussed the old gentleman's 
 symptoms with him, and then, having prescribed for him, I 
 saw him go off upon the arm of his son. 
 
 " I have told you that Mr. Blessington generally chose 
 this hour of the day for his exercise. He came in shortly 
 afterwards and passed upstairs. An instant later I heard 
 him running down, and he burst into my consulting-room 
 like a man who is mad with panic. 
 
 " ' Who has been in my room ?' he cried. 
 
 " ' No one,' said I. 
 
 " It's a lie !' he yelled. ' Come up and look !' 
 
 " I passed over the grossness of his language, as he seemed 
 half out of his mind with fear. When I went upstairs with 
 him he pointed to several footprints upon the light carpet. 
 
 " ' D' you mean to say those are mine ?' he cried. 
 
 " They were certainly very much larger than any which he 
 could have made, and were evidently quite fresh. It rained
 
 105 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 hard this afternoon, as you know, and my patients were the 
 only people who called. It must have been the case, then, 
 that the man in the waiting-room had, for some unknown rea- 
 son, while I was busy with the other, ascended to the room 
 of my resident patient. Nothing had been touched or taken, 
 but there were the footprints to prove that the intrusion was 
 an undoubted fact. 
 
 " Mr. Blessington seemed more excited over the matter 
 than I should have thought possible, though of course it was 
 enough to disturb anybody's peace of mind. He actually sat 
 crying in an arm-chair, and I could hardly get him to speak 
 coherently. It was his suggestion that I should come round 
 to you, and of course I at once saw the propriety of it, for 
 certainly the incident is a very singular one, though he ap- 
 pears to completely overrate its importance. If you would 
 only come back with me in my brougham, you would at least 
 be able to soothe him, though I can hardly hope that you will 
 be able to explain this remarkable occurrence." 
 
 Sherlock Holmes had listened to this long narrative with 
 an intentness which showed me that his interest was keenly 
 aroused. His face was as impassive as ever, but his lids 
 had drooped more heavily over his eyes, and his smoke had 
 curled up more thickly from his pipe to emphasize each curi- 
 ous episode in the doctor's tale. As our visitor concluded, 
 Holmes sprang up without a word, handed me my hat, picked 
 his own from the table, and followed Dr. Trevelyan to the 
 door. Within a quarter of an hour we had been dropped at 
 the door of the physician's residence in Brook Street, one of 
 those sombre, flat-faced houses which one associates with a 
 West-End practice. A small page admitted us, and we began 
 at once to ascend the broad, well-carpeted stair. 
 
 But a singular interruption brought us to a standstill. The 
 light at the top was suddenly whisked out, and from the dark- 
 ness came a reedy, quavering voice. 
 
 " I have a pistol," it cried. " I give you my word that I'll 
 fre if you come any nearer."
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT 169 
 
 "This really grows outrageous, Mr. Blessington," cried 
 Dr. Trevelyan. 
 
 " Oh, then it is you, doctor," said the voice, with a great 
 heave of relief. " But those other gentlemen, are they what 
 they pretend to be ?' J 
 
 We were conscious of a long scrutiny out of the darkness. 
 
 "Yes. yes, it's all right," said the voice at last. " You can 
 come up, and I am sorry if my precautions have annoyed you." 
 
 He relit the stair gas as he spoke, and we saw before us a 
 singular-looking man, whose appearance, as well as his voice, 
 testified to his jangled nerves. He was very fat, but had ap- 
 parently at some time been much fatter, so that the skin hung 
 about his face in loose pouches, like the cheeks of a blood- 
 hound. He was of a sickly color, and his thin, sandy hair 
 seemed to bristle up with the intensity of his emotion. In 
 his hand he held a pistol, but he thrust it into his pocket as 
 we advanced. 
 
 " Good-evening, Mr. Holmes," said he. " I am sure I am 
 very much obliged to you tor coming round. No one ever 
 needed your advice more than I do. I suppose that Dr. Tre- 
 velyan has told you of this most unwarrantable intrusion into 
 my rooms." 
 
 " Quite so," said Holmes. " Who are these two men, Mr. 
 Blessington, ajvi why do they wish to molest you ?" 
 
 " Well, we"n, ' said the resident patient, in a nervous fash- 
 ion, " of course it is hard to say that. You can hardly expect 
 me to answer that, Mr. Holmes.'' 
 
 " Do you mean that you don't know ?" 
 
 " Come in here, if you please. Just have the kindness to 
 step in here." 
 
 He led the way into his bedroom, which was large and 
 comfortably furnished. 
 
 " You see that," said he, pointing to a big black box at the 
 end of his bed. " I have never been a very rich man, Mr. 
 Holmes never made but one investment in my life, as Dr. 
 Trevelyan would tell you. But I don't believe in bankers.
 
 170 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 I would never trust a banker, Mr. Holmes. Between our- 
 selves, what little I have is in that box, so you can under- 
 stand what it means to me when unknown people force them- 
 selves into my rooms." 
 
 Holmes looked at Blessington in his questioning way and 
 shook his head. 
 
 " I cannot possibly advise you if you try to deceive me," 
 said he. 
 
 " But I have told you everything." 
 
 Holmes turned on his heel with a gesture of disgust. 
 " Good-night, Dr. Trevelyan," said he. 
 
 "And no advice for me?" cried Blessington, in a breaking 
 voice. 
 
 " My advice to you, sir, is to speak the truth." 
 
 A minute later we were in the street and walking for home. 
 We had crossed Oxford Street and were half way down Har- 
 ley Street before I could get a word from my companion. 
 
 " Sorry to bring you out on such a fool's errand, Watson," 
 he said at last. " It is an interesting case, too, at the bot- 
 tom of it." 
 
 " I can make little of it," I confessed. 
 
 "Well, it is quite evident that there are two men more, 
 perhaps, but at least two who are determined for some rea- 
 son to get at this fellow Blessington. I have no doubt in my 
 mind that both on the first and on the second occasion that 
 young man penetrated to Blessington's room, while his con- 
 federate, by an ingenious device, kept the doctor from inter- 
 fering." 
 
 " And the catalepsy ?" 
 
 " A fraudulent imitation, Watson, though I should hardly 
 dare to hint as much to our specialist. It is a very easy 
 complaint to imitate. I have done it myself." 
 
 " And then ?" 
 
 " By the purest chance Blessington was out on each occa- 
 sion. Their reason for choosing so unusual an hour for a 
 consultation wa obviously to insure that there should be no
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT 
 
 171 
 
 other patient in the waiting-room. It just happened, how- 
 ever, that this hour coincided with Blessington's constitu- 
 tional, which seems to show that they were not very well ac- 
 quainted with his daily routine. Of course, if they had been 
 merely after plunder they would at least have made some 
 attempt to search for it. Besides, I can read in a man's eye 
 when it is his own skin that he is frightened for. It is incon- 
 ceivable that this fellow could have made two such vindictive 
 enemies as these appear to be without knowing of it. I hold 
 it, therefore, to be certain that he does know who these men 
 are, and that for reasons of his own he suppresses it. It is 
 ,ust possible that to-morrow may find him in a more commu- 
 nicative mood.'' 
 
 "Is there not one alternative," I suggested, "grotesquely 
 improbable, no doubt, but still just conceivable ? Might 
 the whole story of the cataleptic Russian and his son be a 
 concoction of Dr. Trevelyan's, who has, for his own purposes, 
 been in Blessington's rooms ?" 
 
 I saw in the gaslight that Holmes wore an amused smile at 
 this brilliant departure of mine. 
 
 " My dear fellow," said he, " it was one of the first solu- 
 tions which occurred to me, but I was soon able to corrobo- 
 rate the doctor's tale. This young man has left prints upon 
 the stair-carpet which made it quite superfluous for me to ask 
 to see those which he had made in the room. When I tell 
 you that his shoes were square-toed instead of being pointed 
 like Blessington's, and were quite an inch and a third longer 
 than the doctor's, you will acknowledge that there can be no 
 doubt as to his individuality. But we may sleep on it now, 
 for I shall be surprised if we do not hear something further 
 from Brook Street in the morning." 
 
 Sherlock Holmes's prophecy was soon fulfilled, and in a 
 dramatic fashion. At half-past seven next morning, in the 
 first dim glimmer of daylight, I found him standing by my 
 bedside in his dressing-gown.
 
 172 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 "There's a brougham waiting for us, Watson," said he. 
 
 " What's the matter, then ?" 
 
 "The Brook Street business." 
 
 " Any fresh news ?" 
 
 "Tragic, but ambiguous," said he, pulling up the blind. 
 " Look at this a sheet from a note-book, with ' For God's 
 sake come at once P. T.,' scrawled upon it in pencil. Our 
 friend, the doctor, was hard put to it when he wrote this. 
 Come along, my dear fellow, for it's an urgent call." 
 
 In a quarter of an hour or so we were back at the physi- 
 cian's house. He came running out to meet us with a face 
 of horror. 
 
 " Oh, such a business !" he cried, with his hands to his 
 temples. 
 
 " What then ?" 
 
 " Blessington has committed suicide !" 
 
 Holmes whistled. 
 
 "Yes, he hanged himself during the night." 
 
 We had entered, and the doctor had preceded us into what 
 was evidently his waiting-room. 
 
 " I really hardly know what I am doing," he cried. " The 
 police are aheady upstairs. It has shaken me most dread- 
 fully." 
 
 " When did you find it out ?" 
 
 " He has a cup of tea taken in to him early every morning. 
 When the maid entered, about seven, there the unfortunate 
 fellow was hanging in the middle of the room. He had tied 
 his cord to the hook on which the heavy lamp used to hang, 
 and he had jumped off from the top of the very box that he 
 showed us yesterday." 
 
 Holmes stood for a moment in deep thought. 
 
 "With your permission," said he at last, "I should like t 
 go upstairs and look into the matter." 
 
 We both ascended, followed by the doctor. 
 
 It was a dreadful sight which met us as we entered the 
 bedroom door. I have spoken of the impression of flabbi-
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT 173 
 
 ness which this man Blessington conveyed. As he dangled 
 from the hook it was exaggerated and intensified until he was 
 scarce human in his appearance. The neck was drawn out 
 like a plucked chicken's, making the rest of him seem the more 
 obese and unnatural by the contrast. He was clad only in 
 his long night-dress, and his swollen ankles and ungainly feet 
 protruded starkly from beneath it. Beside him stood a smart- 
 looking police-inspector, who was taking notes in a pocket- 
 book. 
 
 " Ah, Mr. Holmes," said he, heartily, as my friend entered, 
 " I am delighted to see you." 
 
 " Good-morning, Lanner," answered Holmes ; " you won't 
 think me an intruder, I am sure. Have you heard of the 
 events which led up to this affair ?" 
 
 " Yes, I heard something of them." 
 
 " Have you formed any opinion ?" 
 
 " As far as I can see, the man has been driven out of his 
 senses by fright. The bed has been well slept in, you see. 
 There's his impression, deep enough. It's about five in the 
 morning, you know, that suicides are most common. That 
 would be about his time for hanging himself. It seems to 
 have been a very deliberate affair." 
 
 " I should say that he has been dead about three hours, 
 judging by the rigidity of the muscles," said I. 
 
 " Noticed anything peculiar about the room ?" asked 
 Holmes. 
 
 " Found a screw-driver and some screws on the wash-hand 
 stand. Seems to have smoked heavily during the night, too. 
 Here are four cigar-ends that I picked out of the fireplace." 
 
 " Hum !" said Holmes, " have you got his cigar-holder ?" 
 
 " No, I have seen none." 
 
 " His cigar-case, then ?" 
 
 " Yes, it was in his coat-pocket" 
 
 Holmes opened it and smelled the single cigar which it 
 contained. 
 
 " Oh, this is an Havana, and these_others are cigars of th0
 
 174 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 peculiar sort which are imported by the Dutch from their 
 East Indian colonies. They are usually wrapped in straw, 
 you know, and are thinner for their length than any other 
 brand." He picked up the four ends and examined them 
 with his pocket-lens. 
 
 " Two of these have been smoked from a holder and two 
 without," said he. " Two have been cut by a not very sharp 
 knife, and two have had the ends bitten off by a set of ex- 
 cellent teeth. This is no suicide, Mr. Lanner. It is a very 
 deeply planned and cold-blooded murder." 
 
 " Impossible !" cried the inspector. 
 
 " And why ?" 
 
 "Why should any one murder a man in so clumsy a 
 fashion as by hanging him ?" 
 
 " That is what we have to find out." 
 
 " How could they get in ?" 
 
 "Through the front door." 
 
 " It was barred in the morning." 
 
 " Then it was barred after them." 
 
 " How do you know ?" 
 
 " I saw their traces. Excuse me a moment, and I may be 
 able to give you some further information about it." 
 
 He went over to the door, and turning the lock he ex- 
 amined it in his methodical way. Then he took out the 
 key, which was on the inside, and inspected that also. The 
 bed, the carpet, the chairs, the mantelpiece, the dead body, 
 and the rope were each in turn examined, until at last he 
 professed himself satisfied, and with my aid and that of the 
 inspector cut down the wretched object and laid it rever- 
 ently under a sheet. 
 
 " How about this rope ?" he asked. 
 
 " It is cut off this," said Dr. Trevelyan, drawing a large 
 coil from under the bed. " He was morbidly nervou^ of 
 fire, and always kept this beside him, so that he might ;s- 
 cape by the window in case the stairs were burning." 
 
 " That must have saved them trouble," said Holmes,
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT 175 
 
 thoughtfully. " Yes, the actual facts are very plain, and I 
 shall be surprised if by the afternoon I cannot give you the 
 reasons for them as well. I will take this photograph of 
 Blessington, which I see upon the mantelpiece, as it may 
 help me in my inquiries." 
 
 " But you have told us nothing !" cried the doctor. 
 
 " Oh, there can be no doubt as to the sequence of events," 
 said Holmes. "There were three of them in it: the young 
 man, the old man, and a third, to whose identity I have no 
 clue. The first two, I need hardly remark, are the same who 
 masqueraded as the Russian count and his son, so we can 
 give a very full description of them. They were admitted 
 by a confederate inside the house. If I might offer you a 
 word of advice, Inspector, it would be to arrest the page, 
 who, as I understand, has only recently come into your ser- 
 vice, Doctor." 
 
 " The young imp cannot be found," said Dr. Trevelyan ; 
 " the maid and the cook have just been searching for him." 
 
 Holmes shrugged his shoulders. 
 
 " He has played a not unimportant part in this drama," 
 said he. "The three men having ascended the stairs, which 
 they did on tiptoe, the elder man first, the younger man sec- 
 ond, and the unknown man in the rear " 
 
 " My dear Holmes !" I ejaculated. 
 
 " Oh, there could be no question as to the superimposing 
 of the footmarks. I had the advantage of learning which 
 was which last night. They ascended, then, to Mr. Blessing- 
 ton's room, the door of which they found to be locked. With 
 the help of a wire, however, they forced round the key. Even 
 without the lens you will perceive, by the scratches on this 
 ward, where the pressure was applied. 
 
 "On entering the room their first proceeding must have 
 been to gag Mr. Blessington. He may have been asleep, 
 or he may have been so paralyzed with terror as to have been 
 unable to cry out. These walls are thick, and it is conceiva- 
 ble that his shriek, if he had time to utter one, was unheard
 
 176 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " Having secured him, it is evident to me that a consulta- 
 tion of some sort was held. Probably it was something in 
 the nature of a judicial proceeding. It must have lasted for 
 some time, for it was then that these cigars were smoked. 
 The older man sat in that wicker chair ; it was he who used 
 the cigar-holder. The younger man sat over yonder; he 
 knocked his ash off against the chest of drawers. The third 
 fellow paced up and down.. Blessington, I think, sat upright 
 in the bed, but of that I cannot be absolutely certain. 
 
 " Well, it ended by their taking Blessington and hanging 
 him. The matter was so prearranged that it is my belief 
 that they brought with them some sort of block or pulley 
 which might serve as a gallows. That screw-driver and those 
 screws were, as I conceive, for fixing it up. Seeing the 
 hook, however, they naturally saved themselves the trouble. 
 Having finished their work they made off, and the door was 
 barred behind them by their confederate." 
 
 We had all listened with the deepest interest to this sketch 
 of the night's doings, which Holmes had deduced from signs 
 so subtle and minute that, even when he had pointed them 
 out to us, we could scarcely follow him in his reasonings. 
 The inspector hurried away on the instant to make inquiries 
 about the page, while Holmes and I returned to Baker Street 
 for breakfast. 
 
 " I'll be back by three," said he, when we had finished our 
 meal. " Both the inspector and the doctor will meet me 
 here at that hour, and I hope by that time to have cleared 
 up any little obscurity which the case may still present." 
 
 Our visitors arrived at the appointed time, but it was a 
 quarter to four before my friend put in an appearance. From 
 his expression as he entered, however, I could see that all 
 had gone well with him. 
 
 " Any news, Inspector ?" 
 
 " We have got the boy, sir." 
 
 " Excellent and I have got the men."
 
 THE RESIDENT PATIENT ifj 
 
 "You have got them!" we cried, all three. 
 
 " Well, at least I have got their identity. This so-called 
 Blessington is, as I expected, well known at headquarters, 
 and so are his assailants. Their names are Biddle, Hayvrard, 
 and Moffat." 
 
 " The Worthingdon bank gang," cried the inspector. 
 
 " Precisely," said Holmes. 
 
 " Then Blessington must have been Sutton." 
 
 " Exactly," said Holmes. 
 
 "Why, that makes it as clear as crystal," said the in- 
 spector. 
 
 But Trevelyan and I looked at each other in bewilderment. 
 
 " You must surely remember the great Worthingdon bank 
 business," said Holmes. " Five men were in it these four 
 and a fifth called Cartwright. Tobin, the care-taker, was mur- 
 dered, and the thieves got away with seven thousand pounds. 
 This was in 1875. They were all five arrested, but the evi- 
 dence against them was by no means conclusive. This Bless- 
 ington or Sutton, who was the worst of the gang, turned 
 informer. On his evidence Cartwright was hanged and the 
 other three got fifteen years apiece. When they got out the 
 other day. which was some years before their full term, they 
 set themselves, as you perceive, to hunt down the traitor and 
 to avenge the death of their comrade upon him. Twice they 
 tried to get at him and failed ; a third time, you see, it came 
 off. Is there anything further which I can explain, Dr. Tre- 
 velyan ?" 
 
 "I think you have made it all remarkably clear," said 
 the doctor. " No doubt the day on which he was so per- 
 turbed was the day when he had seen of their release in 
 the newspapers." 
 
 " Quite so. His talk about a burglary was the merest 
 blind." 
 
 " But why could he not tell vou this ? M 
 
 "Well, my dear sir, knowing the vindictive character of. 
 his old associates, he was trying to hide his own identity from
 
 178 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 everybody as long as he could. His secret was a shameful 
 one, and he could not bring himself to divulge it. However, 
 wretch as he was, he was still living under the shield of 
 British law, and I have no doubt, Inspector, that you will 
 see that, though that shield may fail to guard, the sword of 
 justice is still there to avenge." 
 
 Such were the singular circumstances in connection with 
 the Resident Patient and the Brook Street Doctor. From 
 that night nothing has been seen of the three murderers by 
 the police, and it is surmised at Scotland Yard that they were 
 among the passengers of the ill-fated steamer Norah Creina, 
 which was lost some years ago with all hands upon the Por- 
 tuguese coast, some leagues to the north of Oporto. The 
 proceedings against the page broke down for want of evi- 
 dence, and the Brook Street Mystery, as it was called, has 
 never until now been fully dealt with in any public print
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER 
 
 MIRING my long and intimate acquaintance with 
 Mr. Sherlock Holmes I had never heard him 
 refer to his relations, and hardly ever to his own 
 early life. This reticence upon his part had in- 
 creased the somewhat inhuman effect which he 
 produced upon me, until sometimes I found myself regarding 
 him as an isolated phenomenon, a brain without a heart, as 
 deficient in human sympathy as he was pre-eminent in intel- 
 ligence. His aversion to women and his disinclination to 
 form new friendships were both typical of his unemotional 
 character, but not more so than his complete suppression of 
 every reference to his own people. I had come to believe 
 that he was an orphan with no relatives living; but one day, 
 to my very great surprise, he began to talk to me about his 
 brother. 
 
 It was after tea on a summer evening, and the conversa- 
 tion, which had roamed in a desultory, spasmodic fashion 
 from goif clubs to the causes of the change in the obliquity 
 of the ecliptic, came round at last to the question of atavism 
 and hereditary aptitudes. The point under discussion was, 
 how far any singular gift in an individual was due to his an- 
 cestry and how far to his own early training. 
 
 "In your own case," said I, "from all that you have told 
 me, it seems obvious that your faculty of observation and 
 your peculiar facility for deduction are due to your own sys- 
 tematic training." 
 
 "To some extent," he ar-.^v./.-.-^d, thoughtfully. "My an
 
 I So MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 cestors were country squires, who appear to have led much 
 the same life as is natural to their class. But, none the less, 
 my turn that way is in my veins, and may have come with 
 my grandmother, who was the sister of Vernet, the French 
 artist. Art in the blood is liable to take the strangest forms." 
 
 " But how do you know that it is hereditary ?" 
 
 " Because my brother Mycroft possesses it in a larger de- 
 gree than I do." 
 
 This was news to me indeed. If there were another man 
 with such singular powers in England, how was it that nei- 
 ther police nor public had heard of him ? I put the ques- 
 tion, with a hint that it was my companion's modesty which 
 made him acknowledge his brother as his superior. Holmes 
 laughed at my suggestion. 
 
 " My dear Watson," said he, " I cannot agree with those 
 who rank modesty among the virtues. To the logician all 
 things should be seen exactly as they are, and to underesti- 
 mate one's self is as much a departure from truth as to exag- 
 gerate one's own powers. When I say, therefore, that My- 
 croft has better powers of observation than I, you may take 
 it that I am speaking the exact and literal truth." 
 
 " Is he your junior ?" 
 
 " Seven years my senior." 
 
 " How comes it that he is unknown ?" 
 
 " Oh, he is very well known in his own circle." 
 
 " Where, then ?" 
 
 " Well, in the Diogenes Club, for example." 
 
 I had never heard of the institution, and my face must have 
 proclaimed as much, for Sherlock Holmes pulled out his watch. 
 
 "The Diogenes Club is the queerest club in London, and 
 Mycroft one of the queerest men. He's always there from 
 quarter to five to twenty to eight. It's six now, so if you care 
 for a stroll this beautiful evening I shall be very happy to in- 
 troduce you to two curiosities." 
 
 Five minutes later we were in the street, walking towards 
 Regent's Circus.
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER l8l; 
 
 "You wonder," said my companion, "why it is that My- 
 croft does not use his powers for detective work. He is 
 incapable of it." 
 
 " But I thought you said " 
 
 " I said that he was my superior in observation and deduc- 
 tion. If the art of the detective began and ended in reason- 
 ing from an arm-chair, my brother would be the greatest crim- 
 inal agent that ever lived. But he has no ambition and no 
 energy. He will not even go out of his way to verify his own 
 solutions, and would rather be considered wrong than take 
 the trouble to prove himself right. Again and again I have 
 taken a problem to him, and have received an explanation 
 which has afterwards proved to be the correct one. And yet 
 he was absolutely incapable of working out the practical 
 points which must be gone into before a case could be laid 
 before a judge or jury." 
 
 " It is not his profession, then ?" 
 
 " By no means. What is to me a means of livelihood is to 
 him the merest hobby of a dilettante. He has an extraordi- 
 nary faculty for figures, and audits the books in some of the 
 government departments. Mycroft lodges in Pall Mall, and 
 he walks round the corner into Whitehall every morning and 
 back every evening. From year's end to year's end he takes 
 no other exercise, and is seen nowhere else, except only in the 
 Diogenes Club, which is just opposite his rooms." 
 
 " I cannot recall the name." 
 
 "Very likely not. There are many men in London, you 
 know, who, some from shyness, some from misanthropy, have 
 no wish for the company of their fellows. Yet they are not 
 averse to comfortable chairs and the latest periodicals. It 
 is for the convenience of these that the Diogenes Club was 
 started, and it now contains the most unsociable and unclub- 
 able men in town. No member is permitted to take the least 
 notice of any other one. Save in the Stranger's Room, no talk- 
 ing is, under any circumstances, allowed, and three offences, 
 if brought to the notice of the committee, render the talker
 
 182 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 liable to expulsion. My brother was one of the founders, and 
 I have myself found it a very soothing atmosphere." 
 
 We had reached Pall Mall as we talked, and were walking 
 down it from the St. James's end. Sherlock Holmes stopped 
 at a door some little distance from the Carlton, and, caution- 
 ing me not to speak, he led the way into the hall. Through 
 the glass panelling I caught a glimpse of a large and luxuri- 
 ous room, in which a considerable number of men were sit- 
 ting about and reading papers, each in his own little nook. 
 Holmes showed me into a small chamber which looked out 
 into Pall Mall, and then, leaving me for a minute, he came 
 back with a companion whom I knew could only be his 
 brother. 
 
 Mycroft Holmes was a much larger and stouter man than 
 Sherlock. His body was absolutely corpulent, but his face, 
 though massive, had preserved something of the sharpness of 
 expression which was so remarkable in that of his brother. 
 His eyes, which were of a peculiarly light, watery gray, seemed 
 to always retain that far-away, introspective look which I had 
 only observed in Sherlock's when he was exerting his full 
 powers. 
 
 " I am glad to meet you, sir," said he, putting out a broad, 
 fat hand like the flipper of a seal. " I hear of Sherlock 
 everywhere since you became his chronicler. By the way, 
 Sherlock, I expected to see you round last week, to consult 
 me over that Manor House case. I thought you might be a 
 nttle out of your depth." 
 
 "No, I solved it," said my friend, smiling. 
 
 " It was Adams, of course." 
 
 "Yes, it was Adams." 
 
 " I was sure of it from the first." The two sat down to- 
 gether in the bow-window of the club. "To any one who 
 wishes to study mankind this is the spot," said Mycroft. 
 " Look at the magnificent types ! Look at these two men 
 who are coming towards us, for example." 
 
 "The billiard-marker and the other?"
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER 183 
 
 " Precisely. What do you make of the other ?" 
 
 The two men had stopped opposite the window. Some 
 chalk marks over the waistcoat pocket were the only signs 
 of billiards which I could see in one of them. The other 
 was a very small, dark fellow, with his hat pushed back and 
 several packages under his arm. 
 
 " An old soldier, I perceive," said Sherlock. 
 
 "And very recently discharged," remarked the brother. 
 
 " Served in India, I see." 
 
 " And a non-commissioned officer." 
 
 " Royal Artillery, I fancy," said Sherlock. 
 
 <l And a widower." 
 
 " But with a child." 
 
 " Children, my dear boy, children." 
 
 "Come," said I, laughing, "this is a little too much." 
 
 " Surely," answered Holmes, "it is not hard to say that a 
 man with that bearing, expression of authority, and sunbaked 
 skin, is a soldier, is more than a private, and is not long 
 from India." 
 
 " That he has not left the service long is shown by his 
 still wearing his ammunition boots, as they are called," ob- 
 served Mycroft. 
 
 "He had not the cavalry stride, yet he wore his hat on 
 one side, as is shown by the lighter skin on that side of his 
 brow. His weight is against his being a sapper. He is in 
 the artillery." 
 
 " Then, of course, his complete mourning shows that he has 
 lost some one very dear. The fact that he is doing his own 
 shopping looks as though it were his wife. He has been 
 buying things for children, you perceive. There is a rattle, 
 which shows that one of them is very young. The wife 
 probably died in childbed. The fact that he has a picture- 
 book under his arm shows that there is another child to be 
 thought of " 
 
 I began to understand what my friend meant when he 
 said that his brother possessed even keener faculties thaw
 
 184 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 he did himse'f. He glanced across at me and smiled. My- 
 croft took snuff from a tortoise-shell box, and brushed away 
 the wandering grains from his coat front with a large, red 
 silk handkerchief. 
 
 " By the way, Sherlock," said he, " I have had something 
 quite after your own heart a most singular problem sub- 
 mitted to my judgment I really had not the energy to fol- 
 low it up save in a very incomplete fashion, but it gave me a 
 basis for some pleasing speculations. If you would care to 
 hear the facts " 
 
 " My dear Mycroft, I should be delighted." 
 
 The brother scribbled a note upon a leaf of his pocket- 
 book, and, ringing the bell, he handed it to the waiter. 
 
 "I have asked Mr. Melas to step across," said he. "He 
 lodges on the floor above me, and I have some slight ac- 
 quaintance with him, which led him to come to me in his 
 perplexity. Mr Melas is a Greek by extraction, as I under- 
 stand, and he is a remarkable linguist. He earns his living 
 partly as interpreter in the law courts and partly by acting as 
 guide to any wealthy Orientals who may visit the Northum- 
 berland Avenue hotels. I think I will leave him to tell his 
 very remarkable experience in his own fashion." 
 
 A few minutes later we were joined by a short, stout man 
 whose olive face and coal black hair proclaimed his Southern 
 origin, though his speech was that of an educated English- 
 man. He shook hands eagerly with Sherlock Holmes, and 
 his dark eyes sparkled with pleasure when he understood 
 that the specialist was anxious to hear his story. 
 
 " I do not believe that the police credit me on my word, 
 I do not," said he in a wailing voice. " Just because they 
 have never heard of it before, they think that such a thing 
 cannot be. But I know that I shall never be easy in my 
 mind until I know what has become of my poor man with 
 the sticking-plaster upon his face." 
 
 " I am all attention," said Sherlock Holmes. 
 
 " This is Wednesday evening," said Mr. Melas. " WeU
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER 185 
 
 then, it was Monday night only two days ago, you under- 
 stand that all this happened. I am an interpreter, as per- 
 haps my neighbor there has told you. I interpret all lan- 
 guages or nearly all but as I am a Greek by birth and 
 with a Grecian name, it is with that particular tongue that I 
 am principally associated. For many years I have been the 
 chief Greek interpreter in London, and my name is very well 
 known in the hotels. 
 
 " It happens not unfrequently that I am sent for at strange 
 hours by foreigners who get into difficulties, or by travellers 
 who arrive late and wish my services. I was not surprised, 
 therefore, on Monday night when a Mr. Latimer, a very fash- 
 ionably dressed young man, came up to my rooms and asked 
 me to accompany him in a cab which was waiting at the 
 door. A Greek friend had come to see him upon business, 
 he said, and as he could speak nothing but his own tongue, 
 the services of an interpreter were indispensable. He gave 
 me to understand that his house was some little distance off, 
 in Kensington, and he seemed to be in a great hurry, bus- 
 tling me rapidly into the cab when we had descended to the 
 street. 
 
 "I say into the cab, but I soon became doubtful as to 
 whether it was not a carriage in which I found myself. It 
 was certainly more roomy than the ordinary four-wheeled 
 disgrace to London, and the fittings, though frayed, were of 
 rich quality. Mr. Latimer seated himself opposite to me and 
 we started off through Charing Cross and up the Shaftesbury 
 Avenue. We had come out upon Oxford Street and I had 
 ventured some remark as to this being a roundabout way to 
 Kensington, when my words were arrested by the extraordi- 
 nary conduct of my companion. 
 
 " He began by drawing a most formidable-lookiag blud- 
 geon loaded with lead from his pocket, and switching it 
 backward and forward several times, as if to test its weight 
 and strength. Then he placed it without a word upon the 
 sat beside him. Having done this, he drew up the windows
 
 l86 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 on each side, and I found to my astonishment that they 
 were covered with paper so as to prevent my seeing through 
 them. 
 
 " ' I am sorry to cut off your view, Mr. Melas,' said he. 
 'The fact is that I have no intention that you should see 
 what the place is to which we are driving. It might possi- 
 bly be inconvenient to me if you could find your way there 
 again.' 
 
 " As you can imagine, I was utterly taken aback by such 
 an address. My companion was a powerful, broad-shouldered 
 young fellow, and, apart from the weapon, I should not have 
 had the slightest chance in a struggle with him. 
 
 " ' This is very extraordinary conduct, Mr. Latimer,' I 
 stammered. 'You must be aware that what you are doing 
 is quite illegal.' 
 
 " ' It is somewhat of a liberty, no doubt,' said he, ' but we'll 
 make it up to you. I must warn you, however, Mr. Melas, 
 that if at any time to-night you attempt to raise an alarm 
 or do anything which is against my interests, you will find 
 it a very serious thing. I beg you to remember that no 
 one knows where you are, and that, whether you are in this 
 carriage or in my house, you are equally in my power.' 
 
 " His words were quiet, but he had a rasping way of saying 
 them which was very menacing. I sat in silence wondering 
 what on earth could be his reason for kidnapping me in this 
 extraordinary fashion. Whatever it might be, it was perfectly 
 clear that there was no possible use in my resisting, and that 
 I could only wait to see what might befall, 
 
 " For nearly two hours we drove without my having the 
 least clue as to where we were going. Sometimes the rattle 
 of the stones told of a paved causeway, and at others our 
 smooth, silent course suggested asphalt ; but, save by this 
 variation in sound, there was nothing at all which could in 
 the remotest way help me to form a guess as to where we 
 were. The paper over each window was impenetrable to 
 light, and a blue curtain was drawn across the glass work in
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER jg? 
 
 front. It was a quarter-past seven when we left Pall Mall, 
 and my watch showed me that it was ten minutes to nine 
 when we at last came to a standstill. My companion let 
 down the window, and I caught a glimpse of a low, arched 
 doorway with a lamp burning above it. As I was hurried 
 from the carriage it swung open, and I found myself inside 
 the house, with a vague impression of a lawn and trees on 
 each side of me as I entered. Whether these were private 
 grounds, however, or bona-fide country was more than I could 
 possibly venture to say. 
 
 "There was a colored gas-lamp inside which was turned 
 so low that I could see little save that the hall was of some 
 size and hung with pictures. In the dim light I could make 
 out that the person who had opened the door was a small, 
 mean-looking, middle-aged man with rounded shoulders. As 
 he turned towards us the glint of the light showed me that 
 he was wearing glasses. 
 
 " ' Is this Mr. Melas, Harold ?' said he. 
 
 " ' Yes.' 
 
 " 'Well done, well done! No ill will, Mr. Melas, I hope, 
 but we could not get on without you. If you deal fair with 
 us you'll not regret it, but if you try any tricks, God help 
 )ou !' He spoke in a nervous, jerky fashion, and with little 
 giggling laughs in between, but somehow he impressed me 
 with fear more than the other. 
 
 " ' What do you want with me ?' I asked. 
 
 " ' Only to ask a few questions of a Greek gentleman who 
 is visiting us, and to let us have the answers. But say no 
 more than you are told to say, or ' here came the nervous 
 giggle again ' you had better never have been born.' 
 
 " As he spoke he opened a door and showed the way into 
 a room which appeared to be very richly furnished, but again 
 the only light was afforded by a single lamp half-turned 
 down. The chamber was certainly large, and the way in 
 which my feet sank into the carpet as I stepped across it 
 told me of its richness. I caught glimpses of velvet chairs, a
 
 l88 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 high white marble mantelpiece, and what seemed to be a suit 
 of Japanese armor at one side of it. There was a chair just 
 under the lamp, and the elderly man motioned that I should 
 sit in it. The younger had left us, but he suddenly returned 
 through another door, leading with him a gentleman clad in 
 some sort of loose dressing-gown who moved slowly towards 
 us. As he came into the circle of dim light which enabled 
 me to see him more clearly I was thrilled with horror at his 
 appearance. He was deadly pale and terribly emaciated, 
 with the protruding, brilliant eyes of a man whose spirit was 
 greater than his strength. But what shocked me more than 
 any signs of physical weakness was that his face was gro- 
 tesquely criss-crossed with sticking-plaster, and that one large 
 pad of it was fastened over his mouth. 
 
 " ' Have you the slate, Harold ?' cried the older man, as 
 this strange being fell rather than sat down into a chair. 
 ' Are his hands loose ? Now, then, give him the pencil. You 
 are to ask the questions, Mr. Melas, and he will write the an- 
 swers. Ask him first of all whether he is prepared to sign the 
 papers ?' 
 
 " The man's eyes flashed fire. 
 
 " ' Never !' he wrote in Greek upon the slate. 
 
 " ' On no conditions ?' I asked, at the bidding of our tyrant. 
 
 " ' Only if I see her married in my presence by a Greek 
 priest whom I know.' 
 
 " The man giggled in his venomous way. 
 
 " ' You know what awaits you, then ?' 
 
 " ' I care nothing for myself.' 
 
 "These are samples of the questions and answers which 
 made up our strange half-spoken, half-written conversation. 
 Again and again I had to ask him whether he would give in 
 and sign the documents. Again and again I had the same 
 indignant reply. But soon a happy thought came to me. I 
 took to adding on little sentences of my own to each ques- 
 tion, innocent ones at first, to test whether either of our com- 
 panions knew anything of the matter, and then, as I found
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER l8^ 
 
 that they showed no sign I played a more dangerous game, 
 OUT conversation ran something like this: 
 
 " ' You can do no good by this obstinacy. Who are you T 
 
 " ' I care not. / am a stranger in London? 
 
 " ' Your fate will be on your own head. How long have yon 
 been here T 
 
 " ' Let it be so. Three weeks' 
 
 " ' The property can never be yours. What ails you T 
 
 " ' It shall not go to villains. They are starving me? 
 
 " ( You shall go free if you sign. What house is this T 
 
 " ' I will never sign. / do not know? 
 
 " ' You are not doing her any service. What is your nanuf 
 
 " ' Let me hear her say so. Kratides. 11 
 
 " ' You shall see her if you sign. Where are you from T 
 
 " ' Then I shall never see her. Athens? 
 
 " Another five minutes, Mr. Holmes, and I should have 
 wormed out the whole story under their very noses. My very 
 next question might have cleared the matter up, but at that 
 instant the door opened and a woman stepped into the room. 
 I could not see her clearly enough to know more than that 
 she was tall and graceful, with black hair, and clad in some 
 sort of loose white gown. 
 
 " ' Harold,' said she, speaking English with a broken ac- 
 cept. ' I could not stay away longer. It is so lonely up there 
 with only Oh, my God, it is Paul !' 
 
 " These last words were in Greek, and at the same instant 
 the man with a convulsive effort tore the plaster from his lips, 
 and screaming out ' Sophy i Sophy !' rushed into the woman's 
 arms. Their embrace was but for an instant, however, for 
 the younger man seized the woman and pushed her out of the 
 room, while the elder easily overpowered his emaciated vic- 
 tim, and dragged him away through the other door. For a 
 moment I was left alone in the room, and I sprang to my feet 
 with some vague idea that I might in some way get a clue to 
 what this house was in which I found myself. Fortunately, 
 however, I took no steps, for looking up I saw that the older
 
 19* MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMftS 
 
 man was standing in the door-way, with his eyes fixed upon 
 me. 
 
 " 'That will do, Mr. Melas,' said he. ' You perceive that we 
 have taken you into our confidence over some very private 
 business. We should not have troubled you, only that our 
 friend who speaks Greek and who began these negotiations 
 has been forced to return to the East. It was quite necessary 
 for us to find some one to take his place, and we were fort- 
 unate in hearing of your powers.' 
 
 " I bowed. 
 
 " ' There are five sovereigns here,' said he, walking up to 
 me, ' which will, I hope, be a sufficient fee. But remember,' 
 he added, tapping me lightly on the chest and giggling, 'if 
 you speak to a human soul about this one human soul, 
 mind well, may God have mercy upon your soul !' 
 
 " I cannot tell you the loathing and horror with which 
 this insignificant-looking man inspired me. I could see him 
 better now as the lamp-light shone upon him. His features 
 were peaky and sallow, and his little pointed beard was 
 thready and ill-nourished. He pushed his face forward as he 
 spoke and his lips and eyelids were continually twitching like 
 a man with St. Vitus's dance. I could not help thinking that 
 his strange, catchy little laugh was also a symptom of some 
 nervous malady. The terror of his face lay in his eyes, how- 
 ever, steel gray, and glistening coldly with a malignant, inex- 
 orable cruelty in their depths. 
 
 " ' We shall know if you speak of this,' said he. ' We have 
 our own means of information. Now you will find the car- 
 riage waiting, and my friend will see you on your way.' 
 
 " I was hurried through the hall and into the vehicle, again 
 obtaining that momentary glimpse of trees and a garden. 
 Mr. Latimer followed closely at my heels, and took his place 
 opposite to me without a word. In silence we again drove 
 for an interminable distance with the windows raised, until at 
 last, just after midnight, the carriage pulled up. 
 
 * 'You will get down here, Mr. Melas,' said my companion.
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER IQI 
 
 1 1 am sorry to leave you so far from your house, but there is 
 no alternative. Any attempt upon your part to follow the car- 
 riage can only end in injury to yourself.' 
 
 " He opened the door as he spoke, and I had hardly time 
 to spring out when the coachman lashed the horse and the 
 carriage rattled away. I looked around me in astonishment. 
 I was on some sort of a heathy common mottled over with 
 dark clumps of furze-bushes. Far away stretched a line of 
 houses, with a light here and there in the upper windows. On 
 the other side I saw the red signal-lamps of a railway. 
 
 " The carriage which had brought me was already out of 
 sight. I stood gazing round and wondering where on earth 
 I might be, when I saw some one coming towards me in the 
 darkness. As he came up to me I made out that he was a 
 railway porter. 
 
 " ' Can you tell me what place this is ?' I asked. 
 
 " ' Wandsworth Common,' said he. 
 
 " ' Can I get a train into town ?' 
 
 " ' If you walk on a mile or so to Clapham Junction/ said 
 he, ' you'll just be in time for the last to Victoria.' 
 
 " So that was the end of my adventure, Mr. Holmes. I do 
 not know where I was, nor whom I spoke with, nor anything 
 save what I have told you. But I know that there is foul 
 play going on, and I want to help that unhappy man if I can. 
 I told the whole story to Mr. Mycroft Holmes next moraing, 
 and subsequently to the police." 
 
 We all sat in silence for some little time after listening to 
 this extraordinary narrative. Then Sherlock looked across 
 at his brother. 
 
 " Any steps ?" he asked. 
 
 Mycroft picked up the Daily News, which was lying on the 
 side-table. 
 
 " ' Anybody supplying any information as to the where- 
 abouts of a Greek gentleman named Paul Kratides, from 
 Athens, who is unable to speak English, will be rewarded. 
 A similar reward paid to any one giving information about
 
 192 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 a Greek lady whose first name is Sophy. X 2473.' That 
 was in all the dailies. No answer." 
 
 " How about the Greek Legation ?" 
 
 " I have inquired. They know nothing." 
 
 " A wire to the head of the Athens police, then ?" 
 
 " Sherlock has all the energy of the family," said Mycroft, 
 turning to me. " Well, you take the case up by all means, 
 and let me know if you do any good." 
 
 " Certainly," answered my friend, rising from his chair. 
 " I'll let you know, and Mr. Melas also. In the meantime, 
 Mr. Melas, I should certainly be on my guard, if I were you, 
 for of course they must know through these advertisements 
 that you have betrayed them." 
 
 As we walked home together, Holmes stopped at a tele- 
 graph office and sent off several wires. 
 
 "You see, Watson," he remarked, "our evening has been 
 by no means wasted. Some of my most interesting cases 
 hare come to me in this way through Mycroft. The problem 
 which we have just listened to, although it can admit of but 
 one explanation, has still some distinguishing features." 
 
 " You have hopes of solving it ?" 
 
 " Well, knowing as much as we do, it will be singular in- 
 deed if we fail to discover the rest. You must yourself have 
 formed some theory which will explain the facts to which we 
 have listened." 
 
 " In a vague way, yes." 
 
 " What was your idea, then ?" 
 
 " It seemed to me to be obvious that this Greek girl had 
 been carried off by the young Englishman named Harold 
 Latimer." 
 
 " Carried off from where ?" 
 
 " Athens, perhaps." 
 
 Sherlock Holmes shook his head. " This young man could 
 not talk a word of Greek. The lady could talk English fairly 
 well. Inference that she had been in England some little 
 time, but he had not been in Greece."
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER 1^3 
 
 " Well, then, we will presume that she had come on a visit 
 to England, and that this Harold had persuaded her to fly 
 with him." 
 
 " That is more probable." 
 
 " Then the brother for that, I fancy, must be the relation- 
 ship comes over from Greece to interfere. He imprudently 
 puts himself into the power of the young man and his older 
 associate. They seize him and use violence towards him in 
 order to make him sign some papers to make over the girl's 
 fortune of which he may be trustee to them. This he re- 
 fuses to do. In order to negotiate with him they have to get 
 an interpreter, and they pitch upon this Mr. Melas, having 
 used some other one before. The girl is not told of the 
 arrival of her brother, and finds it out by the merest acci- 
 dent." 
 
 " Excellent, Watson !" cried Holmes. " I really fancy that 
 you are not far from the truth. You see that we hold all the 
 cards, and we have only to fear some sudden act of violence 
 on their part. If they give us time we must have them." 
 
 " But how can we find where this house lies ?" 
 
 " Well, if our conjecture is correct and the girl's name is or 
 was Sophy Kratides, we should have no difficulty in tracing 
 her. That must be our main hope, for the brother is, of 
 course, a complete stranger. It is clear that some time has 
 elapsed since this Harold established these relations with 
 the girl some weeks, at any rate since the brother in 
 Greece has had time to hear of it and come across. If they 
 have been living in the same place during this time, it is prob- 
 able that we shall have some answer to Mycroft's advertise- 
 ment." 
 
 We had reached our house in Baker Street while we had 
 been talking. Holmes ascended the stair first, and as he 
 opened the door of our room he gave a start of surprise. 
 Looking over his shoulder, I was equally astonished. His 
 brother Mycroft was sitting smoking in the arm-chair. 
 
 " Com r in, Sherlock ! Come, in, sir," said he, blandly,
 
 194 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 smiling at our surprised faces. "You don't expect such en- 
 ergy from me, do you, Sherlock ? But somehow this case at- 
 tracts me." 
 
 " How did you get here ?" 
 
 " I passed you in a hansom." 
 
 " There has been some new development ?" 
 
 " I had an answer to my advertisement." 
 
 " Ah !" 
 
 " Yes, it came within a few minutes of your leaving.' 1 
 
 " And to what effect ?" 
 
 Mycroft Holmes took out a sheet of paper. 
 
 " Here it is," said he, " written with a J pen on royal cream 
 paper by a middle-aged man with a weak constitution. ' Sir,' 
 he says, ' in answer to your advertisement of to-day's date, I 
 beg to inform you that I know the young lady in question 
 very well. If you should care to call upon me I could give 
 you some particulars as to her painful history. She is living 
 at present at The Myrtles, Beckenham. Yours faithfully, 
 J. Davenport.' 
 
 " He writes from Lower Brixton," said Mycroft Holmes. 
 " Do you not think that we might drive to him now, Sherlock, 
 and learn these particulars ?" 
 
 " My dear Mycroft, the brother's life is more valuable than 
 the sister's story. I think we should call at Scotland Yard 
 for Inspector Gregson, and go straight out to Beckenham. 
 We know that a man is being done to death, and every hour 
 may be vital." 
 
 " Better pick up Mr. Melas on our way," I suggested. " We 
 may need an interpreter." 
 
 " Excellent," said Sherlock Holmes. " Send the boy for a 
 four-wheeler, and we shall be off at once." He opened the 
 table-drawer as he spoke, and I noticed that he slipped his 
 revolver into his pocket. "Yes," said he, in answer to my 
 glance ; " I should say, from what we have heard, that we are 
 dealing with a particularly dangerous gang." 
 
 It was almost dark before we found ourselves in Pall Mall,
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER IQ5 
 
 at the rooms of Mr. Melas. A gentleman had just called for 
 him, and he was gone. 
 
 " Can you tell me where ?" asked Mycroft Holmes. 
 
 " I don't know, sir," answered the woman who had opened 
 the door ; " I only know that he drove away with the gentle- 
 man in a carriage." 
 
 " Did the gentleman give a name ?" 
 
 "No, sir." 
 
 " He wasn't a tall, handsome, dark young man ?" 
 
 " Oh, no, sir. He was a little gentleman, with glasses, thin 
 in the face, but very pleasant in his ways, for he was laughing 
 all the time that he was talking." 
 
 "Come along!" cried Sherlock Holmes, abruptly. "This 
 grows serious," he observed, as we drove to Scotland Yard. 
 " These men have got hold of Melas again. He is a man of 
 no physical courage, as they are well aware from their expe- 
 rience the other night. This villain was able to terrorize him 
 the instant that he got into his presence. No doubt they 
 want his professional services, but, having used him, they 
 may be inclined to punish him for what they will regard as 
 his treachery." 
 
 Our hope was that, by taking train, we might get to Beck- 
 enham as soon as or sooner than the carriage. On reaching 
 Scotland Yard, however, it was more than an hour before we 
 could get Inspector Gregson and comply with the legal for- 
 malities which would enable us to enter the house. It was a 
 quarter to ten before we reached London Bridge, and half 
 past before the four of us alighted on the Beckenham plat- 
 form. A drive of half a mile brought us to The Myrtles a 
 large, dark house standing back from the road in its own 
 grounds. Here we dismissed our cab, and made our way up 
 the drive together. 
 
 "The windows are all dark," remarked the inspector 
 "The house seems deserted." 
 
 " Our birds are flown and the nest empty," said Holmes. 
 
 " Why do you say so ?"
 
 If 6 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " A carriage heavily loaded with luggage has passed out 
 during the last hour.'' 
 
 The inspector laughed. " I saw the wheel-tracks in the 
 light of the gate-lamp, but where does the luggage come in ?" 
 
 " You may have observed the same wheel-tracks going the 
 other way. But the outward-bound ones were very much 
 deeper so much so that we can say for a certainty that 
 there was a very considerable weight on the carriage." 
 
 " You get a trifle beyond me there," said the inspector, 
 shrugging his shoulders. " It will not be an easy door to 
 force, but we will try if we cannot make some one hear us." 
 
 He hammered loudly at the knocker and pulled at the bell, 
 but without any success. Holmes had slipped away, but he 
 came back in a few minutes. 
 
 " I have a window open," said he. 
 
 " It is a mercy that you are on the side of the force, and 
 not against it, Mr. Holmes," remarked the inspector, as he 
 noted the clever way in which my friend had forced back 
 the catch. " Well, I think that under the circumstances we 
 may enter without an invitation." 
 
 One after the other we made our way into a large apart- 
 ment, which was evidently that in which Mr. Melas had found 
 himself. The inspector had lit his lantern, and by its light 
 we could see the two doors, the curtain, the lamp, and the 
 suit of Japanese mail as he had described them. On the 
 table lay two glasses, an empty brandy-bottle, and the re- 
 mains of a meal. 
 
 " What is that ?" asked Holmes, suddenly. 
 
 We all stood still and listened. A low moaning sound 
 was coming from somewhere over our heads. Holmes rushed 
 to the door and out into the hall. The dismal noise came 
 from upstairs. He dashed up, the inspector and I at his 
 heels, while his brother Mycroft followed as quickly as his 
 great bulk would permit. 
 
 Three doors faced us upon the second floor, and it was 
 from the central of these that the sinister sounds were issu-
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER 197 
 
 mg, sinking sometimes into a dull mumble and rising again 
 into a shrill whine. It was locked, but the key had been 
 left on the outside. Holmes flung open the door and rushed 
 in, but he was out again in an instant, with his hand to his 
 throat. 
 
 " It's charcoal," he cried. " Give it time. It will clear." 
 
 Peering in, we could see that the only light in the room 
 came from a dull blue flame which flickered from a small 
 brass tripod in the centre. It threw a livid, unnatural circle 
 upon the floor, while in the shadows beyond we saw the 
 vague loom of two figures which crouched against the wall. 
 From the open door there reeked a horrible poisonous ex- 
 halation which set us gasping and coughing. Holmes rushed 
 to the top of the stairs to draw in the fresh air, and then, 
 dashing into the room, he threw up the window and hurled 
 the brazen tripod out into the garden. 
 
 " We can enter in a minute," he gasped, darting out again. 
 " Where is a candle ? I doubt if we could strike a match in 
 that atmosphere. Hold the light at the door and we shall 
 get them out, Mycroft, now !" 
 
 With a rush we got to the poisoned men and dragged them 
 out into the well-lit hall. Both of them were blue-lipped and 
 insensible, with swollen, congested faces and protruding eyes. 
 Indeed, so distorted were their features that, save for his 
 black beard and stout figure, we might have failed to recog- 
 nize in one of them the Greek interpreter who had parted 
 from us only a few hours before at the Diogenes Club. His 
 hands and feet were securely strapped together, and he bore 
 over one eye the marks of a violent blow. The other, who 
 was secured in a similar fashion, was a tall man in the last 
 stage of emaciation, with several strips of sticking-plaster ar- 
 ranged in a grotesque pattern over his face. He had ceased 
 to moan as we laid him down, and a glance showed me that 
 for him at least our aid had come too late. Mr. Melas, how- 
 ever, still lived, and in less than an hour, with the aid of am- 
 monia and brandy, I had the satisfaction of seeing him open
 
 198 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 his eyes, and of knowing that my hand had diiwn him back 
 from that dark valley in which all paths meet. 
 
 It was a simple story which he had to tell, and one which 
 did but confirm our own deductions. His visitor, on enter- 
 ing his rooms, had drawn a life-preserver from his sleeve, 
 and had so impressed him with the fear of instant and inevi- 
 table death that he had kidnapped him for the second time. 
 Indeed, it was almost mesmeric, the effect which this gig- 
 gling ruffian had produced upon the unfortunate linguist, 
 for he could not speak of him save with trembling hands 
 and a blanched cheek. He had been taken swiftly to Beck- 
 enham, and had acted as interpreter in a second interview, 
 even more dramatic than the first, in which the two English- 
 men had menaced their prisoner with instant death if he did 
 not comply with their demands. Finally, finding him proof 
 against every threat, they had hurled him back into his prison, 
 and after reproaching Melas with his treachery, which ap- 
 peared from the newspaper advertisement, they had stunned 
 him with a blow from a stick, and he remembered nothing 
 more until he found us bending over him. 
 
 And this was the singular case of the Grecian Interpreter, 
 the explanation of which is still involved in some mystery. 
 We were able to find out, by communicating with the gentle- 
 man who had answered the advertisement, that the unfortu- 
 nate young lady came of a wealthy Grecian family, and that 
 she had been on a visit to some friends in England. While 
 there she had met a young man named Harold Latimer, who 
 had acquired an ascendency over her and had eventually 
 persuaded her to fly with him. Her friends, shocked at the 
 event, had contented themselves with informing her brother 
 at Athens, and had then washed their hands of the matter. 
 The brother, on his arrival in England, had imprudently 
 placed himself in the power of Latimer and of his asso- 
 ciate, whose name was Wilson Kemp a man of the foulest 
 antecedents. These two. finding that through his ignorance 
 of the language he was helpless in their hands, had kept him
 
 THE GREEK INTERPRETER 199 
 
 a prisoner, and had endeavored by cruelty and starvation to 
 make him sign away his own and his sister's property. They 
 had kept him in the house without the girl's knowledge, and 
 the plaster over the face had been for the purpose of making 
 recognition difficult in case she should ever catch a glimpse 
 of him. Her feminine perceptions, however, had instantly 
 seen through the disguise when, on the occasion of the in- 
 terpreter's visit, she had seen him for the first time. The 
 poor girl, however, was herself a prisoner, for there was no 
 one about the house except the man who acted as coach- 
 man, and his wife, both of whom were tools of the conspira- 
 tors. Finding that their secret was out, and that their pris- 
 oner was not to be coerced, the two villains with the girl had 
 fled away at a few hours' notice from the furnished house 
 which they had hired, having first, as they thought, taken 
 vengeance both upon the man who had defied and the one 
 who had betrayed them. 
 
 Months afterwards a curious newspaper cutting reached 
 us from Buda-Pesth. It told how two Englishmen who had 
 been travelling with a woman had met with a tragic end. 
 They had each been stabbed, it seems, and the Hungarian 
 police were of opinion that they had quarrelled and had 
 inflicted mortal injuries upon each other. Holmes, however, 
 is, I fancy, of a different way of thinking, and he holds to 
 this day that, if one could find the Grecian girl, one might 
 learn how the wrongs of herself and her brother came to 
 be avenged.
 
 adventure 
 
 THE NAVAL TRFATY 
 
 | HE July which immediately succeeded my mar- 
 riage was made memorable by three cases of in- 
 terest, in which I had the privilege of being as- 
 sociated with Sherlock Holmes and of studying 
 his methods. I find them recorded in my notes 
 under the headings of " The Adventure of the Second Stain," 
 " The Adventure of the Naval Treaty," and " The Adventure 
 of the Tired Captain." The first of these, however, deals 
 with interests of such importance and implicates so many of 
 the first families in the kingdom that for many years it will 
 be impossible to make it public. No case, however, in which 
 Holmes was engaged has ever illustrated the value of his ana- 
 lytical methods so clearly or has impressed those who were 
 associated with him so deeply. I still retain an almost ver- 
 batim report of the interview in which he demonstrated the 
 true facts of the case to Monsieur Dubugue of the Paris 
 police, and Fritz von Waldbaum. the well-known specialist of 
 Dantzig, both of whom had wasted their energies uoon what 
 proved to be side-issues. The new century will have come, 
 however, before the story can be safely told. Meanwhile I 
 pass on to the second on my list, which promised also at one 
 time to be of national importance, and was marked by sev- 
 eral incidents which give it a quite unique character. 
 
 During my school -days I had been intimately associated 
 with a lad named Percy Phelps, who was of much the same 
 age as myself, though he was two classes ahead of me. He 
 was a very brilliant boy, and carried away every prize which
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 2O1 
 
 the school had to offer, finishing his exploits by winning a 
 scholarship which sent him on to continue his triumphant 
 career at Cambridge. He was, I remember, extremely well 
 connected, and even when we were all little boys together we 
 knew that his mother's brother was Lord Holdhurst, the 
 great conservative politician. This gaudy relationship did 
 him little good at school. On the contrary, it seemed rather 
 a piquant thing to us to chevy him about the playground and 
 hit him over the shins with a wicket. But it was another 
 thing when he came out into the world. I heard vaguely that 
 his abilities and the influences which he commanded had won 
 him a good position at the Foreign Office, and then he passed 
 completely out of my mind until the following letter recalled 
 his existence: 
 
 " Briarbrae, Woking. 
 
 " MY DEAR WATSON, I have no doubt that you can re- 
 member ' Tadpole ' Phelps, who was in the fifth form when 
 you were in the third. It is possible even that you may have 
 heard that through my uncle's influence I obtained a good 
 appointment at the Foreign Office, and that I was in a situa- 
 tion of trust and honor until a horrible misfortune came sud- 
 denly to blast my career. 
 
 " There is no use writing the details of that dreadful event. 
 In the event of your acceding to my request it is probable 
 that I shall have to narrate them to you. I have only just 
 recovered from nine weeks of brain-fever, and am still exceed- 
 ingly weak. Do you think that you could bring your friend 
 Mr. Holmes down to see me ? I should like to have his opin- 
 ion of the case, though the authorities assure me that nothing 
 more can be done. Do try to bring him down, and as soon 
 as possible. Every minute seems an hour while I live in this 
 state of horrible suspense. Assure him that if I have not 
 asked his advice sooner it was not because I did not appre- 
 ciate his talents, but because I have been off my head ever 
 the blow fell. Now I am clear again, though I dare not
 
 202 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 think of it too much for fear of a relapse. I am still so weak 
 that I have to write, as you see, by dictating. Do try to bring 
 him. Your old school-fellow, 
 
 " PERCY PHELPS." 
 
 There was something that touched me as I read this letter, 
 something pitiable in the reiterated appeals to bring Holmes. 
 So moved was I that even had it been a difficult matter I 
 should have tried it, but of course I knew well that Holmes 
 loved his art, so that he was ever as ready to bring his aid as 
 his client could be to receive it. My wife agreed with me 
 that not a moment should be lost in laying the matter before 
 him, and so within an hour of breakfast-time I found myself 
 back once more in the old rooms in Baker Street. 
 
 Holmes was seated at his side-table clad in his dressing- 
 gown, and working hard over a chemical investigation. A 
 large curved retort was boiling furiously in the bluish flame 
 of a Bunsen burner, and the distilled drops were condensing 
 into a two-litre measure. My friend hardly glanced up as I 
 entered, and I, seeing that his investigation must be of impor- 
 tance, seated myself in an arm-chair and waited. He dipped 
 into this bottle or that, drawing out a few drops of each with 
 his glass pipette, and finally brought a test-tube containing a 
 solution over to the table. In his right hand he held a slip 
 of litmus-paper. 
 
 "You come at a crisis, Watson," said he. "If this paper 
 remains blue, all is well. If it turns red, it means a man's 
 life." He dipped it into the test-tube and it flushed at once 
 into a dull, dirty crimson. " Hum ! I thought as much !" he 
 cried. " I will be at your service in an instant, Watson. You 
 will find tobacco in the Persian slipper." He turned to his 
 desk and scribbled off several telegrams, which were handed 
 over to the page-boy. Then he threw himself down into the 
 chair opposite, and drew up his knees until his fingers clasped 
 round his long, thin shins. 
 
 "A very commonplace little murder," said he. "You'v*
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 2 03 
 
 got something better, I fancy. You are the stormy petrel of 
 crime, Watson. What is it?" 
 
 I handed him the letter, which he read with the most con- 
 centrated attention. 
 
 " It does not tell us very much, does it ?" he remarked, as 
 he handed it back to me. 
 
 " Hardly anything." 
 
 " And yet the writing is of interest." 
 
 " But the writing is not his own." 
 
 " Precisely. It is a woman's." 
 
 " A man's surely," I cried. 
 
 " No, a woman's, and a woman of rare character. You see, 
 at the commencement of an investigation it is something to 
 know that your client is in close contact with some one who, 
 for good or evil, has an exceptional nature. My interest is 
 already awakened in the case. If you are ready we will start 
 at once for Woking, and see this diplomatist who is in such 
 evil case, and the lady to whom he dictates his letters." 
 
 We were fortunate enough to catch an early train at Water- 
 loo, and in a little under an hour we found ourselves among 
 the fir-woods and the heather of Woking. Briarbrae proved 
 to be a large detached house standing in extensive grounds 
 within a few minutes' walk of the station. On sending in our 
 cards we were shown into an elegantly appointed drawing- 
 room, where we were joined in a few minutes by a rather 
 stout man who received us with much hospitality. His age 
 may have been nearer forty than thirty, but his cheeks were 
 so ruddy and his eyes so merry that he still conveyed the im- 
 pression of a plump and mischievous boy. 
 
 " I am so glad that you have come," said he, shaking our 
 hands with effusion. " Percy has been inquiring for you all 
 morning. Ah, poor old chap, he clings to any straw ! His 
 father and his mother asked me to see you, for the mere men- 
 tion of the subject is very painful to them." 
 
 " We have had no details yet," observed Holmes. " I per- 
 ceive that you are not yourself a member of the family."
 
 204 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 Our acquaintance looked surprised, and then, glancing 
 down, he began to laugh. 
 
 "Of course you saw the J H monogram on my locket," 
 said he. " For a moment I thought you had done something 
 clever. Joseph Harrison is my name, and as Percy is to mar- 
 ry my sister Annie I shall at least be a relation by marriage. 
 You will find my sister in his room, for she has nursed him 
 hand-and-foot this two months back. Perhaps we'd better go 
 in at once, for I know how impatient he is." 
 
 The chamber in which we were shown was on the same 
 floor as the drawing-room. It was furnished partly as a sit- 
 ting and partly as a bedroom, with flowers arranged daintily 
 in every nook and corner. A young man, very pale and worn, 
 was lying upon a sofa near the open window, through which 
 came the rich scent of the garden and the balmy summer air. 
 A woman was sitting beside him, who rose as we entered. 
 
 " Shall I leave, Percy ?" she asked. 
 
 He clutched her hand to detain her. " How are you, Wat- 
 son ?" said he, cordially. " I should never have known you 
 tinder that moustache, and I dare say you would not be pre- 
 pared to swear to me. This I presume is your celebrated 
 friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes ?" 
 
 I introduced him in a few words, and we both sat down. 
 The stout young man had left us, but his sister still remained 
 with her hand in that of the invalid. She was a striking- 
 looking woman, a little short and thick for symmetry, but with 
 a beautiful olive complexion, large, dark, Italian eyes, and a 
 wealth of deep black hair. Her rich tints made the white face 
 of her companion the more worn and haggard by the contrast. 
 
 " I won't waste your time," said he, raising himself upon 
 the sofa. "I'll plunge into the matter without further pre- 
 amble. I was a happy and successful man, Mr. Holmes, and 
 on the eve of being married, when a sudden and dreadful 
 misfortune wrecked all my prospects in life. 
 
 " I was, as Watson may have told you, in the Foreign Office, 
 and through the influence of my uncle, Lord Holdhurst, I
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 205 
 
 rose rapidly to a responsible position. When my uncle be- 
 came foreign minister in this administration he gave me sev- 
 eral missions of trust, and as I always brought them to a suc- 
 cessful conclusion, he came at last to have the utmost confi- 
 dence in my ability and tact. 
 
 " Nearly ten weeks ago to be more accurate, on the 23d 
 of May he called me into his private room, and, after compli- 
 menting me on the good work which I had done, he informed 
 me that he had a new commission of trust for me to execute. 
 
 " ' This,' said he, taking a gray roll of paper from his bu- 
 reau, 'is the original of that secret treaty between England 
 and Italy of which, I regret to say, some rumors have already 
 got into the public press. It is of enormous importance that 
 nothing further should leak out. The French or the Russian 
 embassy would pay an immense sum to learn the contents of 
 these papers. They should not leave my bureau were it not 
 that it is absolutely necessary to have them copied. You 
 have a desk in your office ?' 
 
 " ' Yes, sir.' 
 
 " ' Then take the treaty and lock it up there. I shall give 
 directions that you may remain behind when the others go, 
 so that you may copy it at your leisure without fear of being 
 overlooked. When you have finished, relock both the orig- 
 inal and the draft in the desk, and hand them over to me per- 
 sonally to-morrow morning.' 
 
 " I took the papers and " 
 
 " Excuse me an instant," said Holmes. " Were you alone 
 during this conversation ?" 
 
 " Absolutely." 
 
 " In a large room ?" 
 
 " Thirty feet each way." 
 
 " In the centre ?" 
 
 Yes, about it." 
 
 " And speaking low ?" 
 
 " My uncle's voice is always remarkably low. I hardly 
 spoke at all."
 
 2 Ob MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 "Thank you," said Holmes, shutting his eyes; "pray 
 go on." 
 
 " I did exactly what he indicated, and waited until the oth- 
 er clerks had departed. One of them in my room, Charles 
 Gorot, had some arrears of work to make up, so I left him 
 there and went out to dine. When I returned he was gone. 
 I was anxious to hurry my work, for I knew that Joseph 
 the Mr. Harrison whom you saw just now was in town, 
 and that he would travel down to Woking by the eleven- 
 o'clock train, and I wanted if possible to catch it. 
 
 " When I came to examine the treaty I saw at once that it 
 was of such importance that my uncle had been guilty of no 
 exaggeration in what he had said. Without going into de- 
 tails, I may say that it defined the position of Great Britain 
 towards the Triple Alliance, and foreshadowed the policy 
 which this country would pursue in the event of the French 
 fleet gaining a complete ascendency over that of Italy in the 
 Mediterranean. The questions treated in it were purely na- 
 val. At the end were the signatures of the high dignitaries 
 who had signed it. I glanced my eyes over it, and then set- 
 tled down to my task of copying. 
 
 " It was a long document, written in the French language, 
 and containing twenty-six separate articles. I copied as quick- 
 ly as I could, but at nine o'clock I had only done nine arti- 
 cles, and it seemed hopeless for me to attempt to catch my 
 train. 1 was feeling drowsy and stupid, partly from my din- 
 ner and also from the effects of a long day's work. A cup 
 of coffee would clear my brain. A commissionnaire remains 
 all night in a little lodge at the foot of the stairs, and is in 
 the habit of making coffee at his spirit-lamp for any of the 
 officials who may be working over time. I rang the bell, 
 therefore, to summon him. 
 
 "To my surprise, it was a woman who answered the sum- 
 mons, a large, coarse-faced, elderly woman, in an apron. She 
 explained that she was the commissionnaire's wife, who did 
 the charing, and I gave her the order for the coffee.
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 
 
 207 
 
 " I wrote two more articles, and then, feeling more drowsy 
 than ever, I rose and walked up and down the room to stretch 
 my legs. My coffee had not yet come, and I wondered what 
 the cause of the delay could be. Opening the door, I started 
 down the corridor to find out. There was a straight passage, 
 dimly lighted, which led from the room in which I had been 
 working, and was the only exit from it. It ended in a curv- 
 ing staircase, with the commissionnaire's lodge in the passage 
 at the bottom. Half way down this staircase is a small land- 
 ing, with another passage running into it at right angles. This 
 second one leads by means of a second small stair to a side 
 door, used by servants, and also as a short cut by clerks when 
 coming from Charles Street. Here is a rough chart of the 
 place." 
 
 MAIN DOOR 
 
 SIDE DOQP 
 
 LANE 
 
 " Thank you. I think that I quite follow you," said Sher- 
 lock Holmes. 
 
 " It is of the utmost importance that you should notice this 
 point. I went down the stairs and into the hall, where I found 
 the commissionnaire fast asleep in his box, with the kettle boil- 
 ing furiously upon the spirit-lamp. I took off the kettle and
 
 203 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 blew out the lamp, for the water was spurting over the floor. 
 Then I put out my hand and was about to shake the man, 
 who was still sleeping soundly, when a bell over his head 
 rang loudly, and he woke with a start. 
 
 " ' Mr. Phelps, sir !' said he, looking at me in bewilderment. 
 
 " ' I came down to see if my coffee was ready.' 
 
 " ' I was boiling the kettle when I fell asleep, sir.' He 
 looked at me and then up at the still quivering bell with an 
 ever-growing astonishment upon his face. 
 
 " ' If you was here, sir, then who rang the bell ?* he asked. 
 
 " ' The bell !' I cried. ' What bell is it ?' 
 
 " ' It's the bell of the room you were working in.' 
 
 " A cold hand seemed to close round my heart. Some one, 
 then, was in that room where my precious treaty lay upon the 
 table. I ran frantically up the stair and along the passage. 
 There was no one in the corridors, Mr. Holmes. There was 
 no one in the room. All was exactly as I left it, save only 
 that the papers which had been committed to my care had 
 been taken from the desk on which they lay. The copy was 
 there, and the original was gone." 
 
 Holmes sat up in his chair and rubbed his hands. I could 
 see that the problem was entirely to his heart. " Pray, what 
 did you do then ?" he murmured. 
 
 " I recognized in an instant that the thief must have come 
 up the stairs from the side door. Of course I must have met 
 him if he had come the other way." 
 
 " You were satisfied that he could not have been concealed 
 in the room all the time, or in the corridor which you have 
 just described as dimly lighted ?" 
 
 " It is absolutely impossible. A rat could not conceal him- 
 self either in the room or the corridor. There is no cover 
 at all." 
 
 " Thank you. Pray proceed." 
 
 " The commissionnaire, seeing by my pale face that some- 
 thing was to be feared, had followed me upstairs. Now we 
 both rushed along the corridor and down the steep steps
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 209 
 
 wh4ch led to Charles Street. The door at the bottom was 
 closed, but unlocked. We flung it open and rushed out. I 
 can distinctly remember that as we did so there came three 
 chimes from a neighboring clock. It was a quarter to ten." 
 
 " That is of enormous importance," said Holmes, making a 
 note upon his shirt-cuff. 
 
 " The night was very dark, and a thin, warm rain was fall- 
 ing. There was no one in Charles Street, but a great traffic 
 was going on, as usual, in Whitehall, at the extremity. We 
 rushed along the pavement, bare-headed as we were, and at 
 the far corner we found a policeman standing. 
 
 " ' A robbery has been committed,' I gasped. ' A docu- 
 ment of immense value has been stolen from the Foreign 
 Office. Has any one passed this way ?' 
 
 " ' I have been standing here for a quarter of an hour, sir,' 
 said he , ' only one person has passed during that time a 
 woman, tall and elderly, with a Paisley shawl.' 
 
 '"Ah, that is only my wife,' cried the commissionnaire ; 
 ' has no one else passed ?' 
 
 " ' No one.' 
 
 " ' Then it must be the other way that the thief took,' cried 
 the fellow, tugging at my sleeve. 
 
 " But I was not satisfied, and the attempts which he made 
 to draw me away increased my suspicions. 
 
 " ' Which way did the woman go ?' I cried. 
 
 " ' I don't know, sir. I noticed her pass, but I had no spe- 
 cial reason for watching her. She seemed to be in a hurry.' 
 
 " ' How long ago was it ?' 
 
 " ' Oh, not very many minutes.' 
 
 " ' Within the last five ?' 
 
 '"Well, it could not be more than five.' 
 
 '"You're only wasting your time, sir, and every minute 
 now is of importance,' cried the commissionnaire ; 'take my 
 word for it that my old woman has nothing to do with it, and 
 come down to the other end of the street. Well, if you won't, 
 I will.' And with that he rushed off in the other direction.
 
 210 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " But I was after him in an instant and caught him by the 
 sleeve. 
 
 " ' Where do you live ?' said I. 
 
 " ' 16 Ivy Lane, Brixton,' he answered. ' But don't let your- 
 self be drawn away upon a false scent, Mr. Phelps. Come to 
 the other end of the street and let us see if we can hear of 
 anything.' 
 
 " Nothing was to be lost by following his advice. With the 
 policeman we both hurried down, but only to find the street 
 full of traffic, many people coming and going, but all only too 
 eager to get to a place of safety upon so wet a night. There 
 was no lounger who could tell us who had passed. 
 
 "Then we returned to the office, and searched the stairs 
 and the passage without result. The corridor which led to 
 the room was laid down with a kind of creamy linoleum which 
 shows an impression very easily. We examined it very care- 
 fully, but found no outline of any footmark." 
 
 " Had it been raining all evening ?" 
 
 * Since about seven." 
 
 " How is it, then, that the woman who came into the room 
 about nine left no traces with her muddy boots ?" 
 
 " I am glad you raised the point. It occurred to me at the 
 time. The charwomen are in the habit of taking off their 
 boots at the commissionnaire's office, and putting on list slip- 
 pers." 
 
 "That is very clear. There were no marks, then, though 
 the night was a wet one? The chain of events is certainly 
 one of extraordinary interest. What did you do next ?" 
 
 " We examined the room also. There is no possibility of 
 a secret door, and the windows are quite thirty feet from the 
 ground. Both of them were fastened on the inside. The 
 carpet prevents any possibility of a trap-door, and the ceiling 
 is of the ordinary whitewashed kind. I will pledge my life 
 that whoever stole my papers could only have come through 
 the door." 
 
 " How about the fireplace ?"
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 211 
 
 " They use none. There is a stove. The bell-rope hangs 
 from the wire just to the right of my desk. Whoever rang it 
 must'have come right up to the desk to do it. But why should 
 any criminal wish to ring the bell ? It is a most insoluble 
 mystery." 
 
 " Certainly the incident was unusual. What were your 
 next steps ? You examined the room, I presume, to see if 
 the intruder had left any traces any cigar-end or dropped 
 glove or hairpin or other trifle ?" 
 
 " There was nothing of the sort. 3 ' 
 
 " No smell ?" 
 
 " Well, we never thought of that." 
 
 "Ah, a scent of tobacco would have been worth a great 
 deal to us in such an investigation." 
 
 " I never smoke myself, so I think I should have observed 
 it if there had been any smell of tobacco. There was abso- 
 lutely no clue of any kind. The only tangible fact was that 
 the commissionnaire's wife Mrs. Tangey was the name had 
 hurried out of the place. He could give no explanation save 
 that it was about the time when the woman always went 
 home. The policeman and I agreed that our best plan 
 would be to seize the woman before she could get rid of the 
 papers, presuming that she had them. 
 
 "The alarm had reached Scotland Yard by this time, and 
 Mr. Forbes, the detective, came round at once and took up 
 the case with a great deal of energy. We hired a hansom, 
 and in half an hour we were at the address which had been 
 given to us. A young woman opened the door, who proved 
 to be Mrs. Tangey's eldest daughter. Her mother had not 
 come back yet, and we were shown into the front room to 
 wait. 
 
 " About ten minutes later a knock came at the door, and 
 here we made the one serious mistake for which I blame my- 
 self. Instead of opening the door ourselves, we allowed the 
 girl to do so. We heard her say, ' Mother, there are two 
 men in the house waiting to see you,' and an instant after-
 
 212 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 wards we heard the patter of feet rushing down the passage. 
 Forbes flung open the door, and we both ran into the back 
 room or kitchen, but the woman had got there before us. 
 She stared at us with defiant eyes, and then, suddenly recog- 
 nizing me, an expression of absolute astonishment came over 
 her face. 
 
 " ' Why, if it isn't Mr. Phelps, of the office !' she cried. 
 
 " ' Come, come, who did you think we were when you ran 
 away from us ?' asked my companion. 
 
 " ' I thought you were the brokers,' said she , 'we have 
 had some trouble with a tradesman. 
 
 " ' That's not quite good enough,' answered Forbes. ' We 
 have reason to believe that you have taken a paper of impor- 
 tance from the Foreign Office, and that you ran in here to 
 dispose of it. You must come back with us to Scotland Yard 
 to be searched.' 
 
 " It was in vain that she protested and resisted. A four- 
 wheeler was brought, and we all three drove back in it. We 
 had first made an examination of the kitchen, and especially 
 of the kitchen fire, to see whether she might have made away 
 with the papers during the instant that she was alone. There 
 were no signs, however, of any ashes or scraps. When we 
 reached Scotland Yard she was handed over at once to the 
 female searcher. I waited in an agony of suspense until she 
 came back with her report. There were no signs of the pa- 
 pers. 
 
 " Then for the first time the horror of my situation came in 
 its full force. Hitherto I had been acting, and action had 
 numbed thought. I had been so confident of regaining the 
 treaty at once that I had not dared to think of what would be 
 the consequence if I failed to do so. But now there was 
 nothing more to be done, and I had leisure to realize my po- 
 sition. It was horrible. Watson there would tell you that I 
 was a nervous, sensitive boy at school. It is my nature. I 
 thought of my uncle and of his colleagues in the Cabinet, of 
 the shame which I had brought upon him, upon myself, upon
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 313 
 
 every one connected with me. What though I was the vic- 
 tim of an extraordinary accident ? No allowance is made for 
 accidents where diplomatic interests are at stake. I was ru- 
 ined, shamefully, hopelessly ruined. I don't know what I did. 
 I fancy I must have made a scene. I have a dim recollec- 
 tion of a group of officials who crowded round me, endeavor- 
 ing to soothe me. One of them drove down with me to Wa- 
 terloo, and saw me into the Woking train. I believe that he 
 would have come all the way had it not been that Dr. Ferrier, 
 who lives near me, was going down by that very train. The 
 doctor most kindly took charge of me, and it was well he did 
 so, for I had a fit in the station, and before we reached home 
 I was practically a raving maniac. 
 
 " You can imagine the state of things here when they were 
 roused from their beds by the doctor's ringing, and found me 
 in this condition. Poor Annie here and my mother were 
 broken-hearted. Dr. Ferrier had just heard enough from the 
 detective at the station to be able to give an idea of what had 
 happened, and his story did not mend matters. It was evi- 
 dent to all that I was in for a long illness, so Joseph was bun- 
 dled out of this cheery bedroom, and it was turned into a sick- 
 room for me. Here I have lain, Mr. Holmes, for over nine 
 weeks, unconscious, and raving with brain-fever. If it had 
 not been for Miss Harrison here and for the doctor's care I 
 should not be speaking to you now. She has nursed me by 
 day and a hired nurse has looked after me by night, for in my 
 mad fits I was capable of anything. Slowly my reason has 
 cleared, but it is only during the last three days that my mem- 
 ory has quite returned. Sometimes I wish that it never had. 
 The first thing that I did was to wire to Mr. Forbes, who had 
 the case in hand. He came out, and assures me that, though 
 everything has been done, no trace of a clue has been discov- 
 ered. The commissionnaire and his wife have been exam- 
 ined in every way without any light being thrown upon the 
 matter. The suspicions of the police then rested upon young 
 Gorot, who, as you may remember, stayed over time in the
 
 214 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOC-K HOLMES 
 
 office that night. His remaining behind and his French name 
 were really the only two points which could suggest suspicion 
 but, as a matter of fact, I did not begin work until he had 
 gone, and his people are of Huguenot extraction, but as Eng- 
 lish in sympathy and tradition as you and I are. Nothing 
 was found to implicate him in any way, and there the matter 
 dropped. I turn to you, Mr. Holmes, as absolutely my last 
 hope. If you fail me, then my honor as well as my position 
 are forever forfeited." 
 
 The invalid sank back upon his cushions, tired out by this 
 long recital, while his nurse poured him out a glass of some 
 stimulating medicine. Holmes sat silently, with his head 
 thrown back and his eyes closed, in an attitude which might 
 seem listless to a stranger, but which I knew betokened the 
 most intense self-absorption. 
 
 "Your statement has been so explicit," said he at last, 
 "that you have really left me very few questions to ask. 
 There is one of the very utmost importance, however. Did 
 you tell any one that you had this special task to perform ?" 
 
 " No one." 
 
 " Not Miss Harrison here, for example ?" 
 
 " No. I had not been back to Woking between getting 
 the order and executing the commission." 
 
 "And none of your people had by chance been to see 
 you ?" 
 
 " None." 
 
 " Did any of them know their way about in the office ?" 
 
 " Oh, yes, all of them had been shown over it." 
 
 " Still, of course, if you said nothing to any one about the 
 treaty these inquiries are irrelevant." 
 
 " I said nothing." 
 
 " Do you know anything of the commissionnaire ?" 
 
 " Nothing except that he is an old soldier." 
 
 " What regiment ?" 
 
 " Oh, I have heard Coldstream Guards." 
 
 " Thank you. I have no doubt I can get details from
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 215 
 
 Forbes. The authorities are excellent at amassing facts, 
 though they do not always use them to advantage. What a 
 lovely thing a rose is !" 
 
 He walked past the couch to the open window, and held 
 up the drooping stalk of a moss-rose, looking down at the 
 dainty blend of crimson and green. It was a new phase of 
 his character to me, for I had never before seen him show 
 any keen interest in natural objects. 
 
 " There is nothing in which deduction is so necessary as in 
 religion," said he, leaning with his back against the shutters. 
 " It can be built up as an exact science by the reasoner. Our 
 highest assurance of the goodness of Providence seems to me 
 to rest in the flowers. All other things, our powers, our de- 
 sires, our food, are all really necessary for our existence in 
 the first instance. But this rose is an extra. Its smell and 
 its color are an embellishment of life, not a condition of it. 
 It is only goodness which gives extras, and so I say again 
 that we have much to hope from the flowers." 
 
 Percy Phelps and his nurse looked at Holmes during this 
 demonstration with surprise and a good deal of disappoint- 
 ment written upon their faces. He had fallen into a reverie, 
 with the moss-rose between his ringers. It had lasted some 
 minutes before the young lady broke in upon it. 
 
 " Do you see any prospect of solving this mystery, Mr. 
 Holmes ?" she asked, with a touch of asperity in her voice. 
 
 " Oh, the mystery !" he answered, coming back with a start 
 to the realities of life. " Well, it would be absurd to deny 
 that the case is a very abstruse and complicated one, but I 
 can promise you that I will look into the matter and let you 
 know any points which may strike me.'' 
 
 " Do you see any clue ?" 
 
 " You have furnished me with seven , but, of course, I must 
 test them before I can pronounce upon their value." 
 
 " You suspect some one ?" 
 
 " I suspect myself." 
 
 "What!"
 
 2l6 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 "Of corn-ing to conclusions too rapidly." 
 
 "Then go to London and test your conclusions." 
 
 "Your advice is very excellent, Miss Harrison," said 
 Holmes, rising. " I think, Watson, we cannot do better. Do 
 not allow yourself to indulge in false hopes, Mr. Phelps. The 
 affair is a very tangled one." 
 
 "I shall be in a fever until I see you again," cried the 
 diplomatist. 
 
 "Well, I'll come out by the same train to-morrow, though 
 it's more than likely that my report will be a negative one." 
 
 " God bless you for promising to come," cried our client. 
 " It gives me fresh life to know that something is being done. 
 By the way, I have had a letter from Lord Holdhurst." 
 
 " Ha ! what did he say ?" 
 
 " He was cold, but not harsh. I dare say my severe illness 
 prevented him from being that. He repeated that the matter 
 was of the utmost importance, and added that no steps would 
 be taken about my future by which he means, of course, my 
 dismissal until my health was restored and I had an oppor- 
 tunity of repairing my misfortune." 
 
 " Well, that was reasonable and considerate," said Holmes. 
 " Come, Watson, for we have a good day's work before us in 
 town." 
 
 Mr. Joseph Harrison drove us down to the station, and we 
 were soon whirling up in a Portsmouth train. Holmes was 
 sunk in profound thought, and hardly opened his mouth until 
 we had passed Clapham Junction. 
 
 " It's a very cheery thing to come into London by any of 
 these lines which run high, and allow you to look down upon 
 the houses like this." 
 
 I thought he was joking, for the view was sordid enough, 
 but he soon explained himself. 
 
 " Look at those big, isolated clumps of building rising up 
 above the slates, like brick islands in a lead-colored sea." 
 
 " The board-schools." 
 
 " Light-houses, my boy ! Beacons of the future ! Capsules
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 217 
 
 with hundreds of bright little seeds in each, out of which will 
 spring the wiser, better England of the future. I suppose 
 that man Phelps does not drink ?" 
 
 " I should not think so." 
 
 " Nor should I, but we are bound to take every possibility 
 into account. The poor devil has certainly got himself into 
 very deep water, and it's a question whether we shall ever be 
 able to get him ashore. What did you think of Miss Harri- 
 son ?" 
 
 "A girl of strong character." 
 
 " Yes, but she is a good sort, or I am mistaken. She and 
 her brother are the only children of an iron -master some- 
 where up Northumberland way. He got engaged to her when 
 travelling last winter, and she came down to be introduced 
 to his people, with her brother as escort. Then came the 
 smash, and she stayed on to nurse her lover, while brother 
 Joseph, finding himself pretty snug, stayed on too. I've been 
 making a few independent inquiries, you see. But to-day 
 must be a day of inquiries." 
 
 " My practice " I began. 
 
 "Oh, if you find your own cases more interesting than 
 mine " said Holmes, with some asperity. 
 
 " I was going to say that my practice could get along very 
 well for a day or two, since it is the slackest time in the year." 
 
 "Excellent," said he, recovering his good-humor. "Then 
 we'll look into this matter together. I think that we should 
 begin by seeing Forbes. He can probably tell us all the de- 
 tails we want until we know from what side the case is to be 
 approached." 
 
 " You said you had a clue ?" 
 
 " Well, we have several, but we can only test their value by 
 further inquiry. The most difficult crime to track is the one 
 which is purposeless. Now this is not purposeless. Who is 
 it who profits by it ? Thre is the French ambassador, there 
 is the Russian, there is whoever might sell it to either of 
 these, and there is Lord Holdhurst" 
 r
 
 *l8 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " Lord Holdhurst !" 
 
 " Well, it is just conceivable that a statesman might find 
 himself in a position where he was not sorry to have such a 
 document accidentally destroyed." 
 
 " Not a statesman with the honorable record of Lord Hold- 
 hurst?" 
 
 " It is a possibility and we cannot afford to disregard it. 
 We shall see the noble lord to-day and find out if he can tell 
 us anything. Meanwhile I have already set inquiries on 
 foot." 
 
 " Already ?" 
 
 " Yes, I sent wires from Woking station to every evening 
 paper in London. This advertisement will appear in each of 
 them." 
 
 He handed over a sheet torn from a note-book. On it was 
 scribbled in pencil: ";io reward. The number of the cab 
 which dropped a fare at or about the door of the Foreign 
 Office in Charles Street at quarter to ten in the evening of 
 May 23d. Apply 221 B, Baker Street." 
 
 " You are confident that the thief came in a cab ?" 
 
 " If not, there is no harm done. But if Mr. Phelps is cor- 
 rect in stating that there is no hiding-place either in the room 
 or the corridors, then the person must have come from out- 
 side. If he came from outside on so wet a night, and yet left 
 no trace of damp upon the linoleum, which was examined 
 within a few minutes of his passing, then it is exceedingly 
 probable that he came in a cab. Yes, I think that we may 
 safely deduce a cab." 
 
 " It sounds plausible." 
 
 " That is one of the clues of which I spoke. It may lead 
 us to something. And then, of course, there is the bell 
 which is the most distinctive feature of the case. Why 
 should the bell ring ? Was it the thief who did it out of bra- 
 vado ? Or was it some one who was with the thief who did it 
 in order to prevent the crime ? Or was it an accident ? Or 
 was it ?" He sank back into the state of intense and silent
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 219 
 
 thought from which he had emerged ; but it seemed to me, 
 accustomed as I was to his every mood, that some new possi- 
 bility had dawned suddenly upon him. 
 
 It was twenty past three when we reached our terminus, 
 and after a hasty luncheon at the buffet we pushed on at once 
 to Scotland Yard. Holmes had already wired to Forbes, and 
 we found him waiting to receive us a small, foxy man with 
 a sharp but by no means amiable expression. He was de- 
 cidedly frigid in his manner to us, especially when he heard 
 the errand upon which we had come. 
 
 "I've heard of your methods before now, Mr. Holmes," 
 said he, tartly. " You are ready enough to use all the in- 
 formation that the police can lay at your disposal, and then 
 you try to finish the case yourself and bring discredit on 
 them." 
 
 " On the contrary," said Holmes, " out of my last fifty-three 
 cases my name has only appeared in four, and the police have 
 had all the credit in forty-nine. I don't blame you for not 
 knowing this, for you are young and inexperienced, but if you 
 wish to get on in your new duties you will work with me and 
 not against me." 
 
 "I'd be very glad of a hint or two," said the detective, 
 changing his manner. " I've certainly had no credit from 
 the case so far." 
 
 " What steps have you taken ?" 
 
 " Tangey, the commissionnaire, has been shadowed. He 
 left the Guards with a good character and we can find noth- 
 ing against him. His wife is a bad lot, though. I fancy she 
 knows more about this than appears." 
 
 " Have you shadowed her ?" 
 
 " We have set one of our women on to her. Mrs. Tangey 
 drinks, and our woman has been with her twice when she was 
 well on, but she could get nothing out of her." 
 
 " I understand that they have had brokers in the house ?" 
 
 " Yes, but they were paid off." 
 
 " Where did the money come from ?"
 
 220 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " That was all right. His pension was due. They have 
 not shown any sign of being in funds." 
 
 "What explanation did she give of having answered the 
 bell when Mr. Phelps rang for the coffee ?" 
 
 " She said that her husband was very tired and she wished 
 to relieve him." 
 
 " Well, certainly that would agree with his being found a 
 little later asleep in his chair. There is nothing against them 
 then but the woman's character. Did you ask her why she 
 hurried away that night ? Her haste attracted the attention 
 of the police constable." 
 
 " She was later than usual and wanted to get home." 
 
 " Did you point out to her that you and Mr. Phelps, who 
 .started at least twenty minutes after her, got home before 
 her?" 
 
 " She explains that by the difference between a 'bus and a 
 Jhansom." 
 
 " Did she make it clear why, on reaching her house, she ran 
 into the back kitchen ?" 
 
 " Because she had the money there with which to pay off 
 the brokers." 
 
 " She has at least an answer for everything. Did you ask 
 her whether in leaving she met any one or saw any one loiter- 
 ing about Charles Street ?" 
 
 " She saw no one but the constable." 
 
 "Well, you seem to have cross-examined her pretty thor- 
 oughly. What else have you done ?" 
 
 " The clerk Gorot has been shadowed all these nine weeks, 
 ibut without result. We can show nothing against him." 
 
 " Anything else ?" 
 
 " Well, we have nothing else to go upon no evidence of 
 any kind." 
 
 " Have you formed any theory about how that bell rang ?" 
 
 " Well, I must confess that it beats me. It was a cool hand, 
 whoever it was, to go and give the alarm like that." 
 
 " Yes, it was a queer thing to do. Many thanks to you for
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 221 
 
 what you havt, told me. If I can put the man into your hands 
 you sliall hear from me. Come along, Watson." 
 
 " Where are we going to now ?" I asked, as we left the 
 office. 
 
 " We are now going to interview Lord Holdhurst, the cab- 
 inet minister and future premier of England." 
 
 We were fortunate in finding that Lord Holdhurst was still 
 in his chambers in Downing Street, and on Holmes sending 
 in his card we were instantly shown up. The statesman re- 
 ceived us with that old-fashioned courtesy for which he is re- 
 markable, and seated us on the two luxuriant lounges on either 
 side of the fireplace. Standing on the rug between us, with 
 his slight, tall figure, his sharp features, thoughtful face, and 
 curling hair prematurely tinged with gray, he seemed to rep- 
 resent that not too common type, a nobleman who is in truth 
 noble. 
 
 " Your name is very familiar to me, Mr. Holmes," said he, 
 smiling. " And, of course, I cannot pretend to be ignorant 
 of the object of your visit. There has only been one occur- 
 rence in these offices which could call for your attention. In 
 whose interest are you acting, may I ask ?" 
 
 " In that of Mr. Percy Phelps," answered Holmes. 
 
 " Ah, my unfortunate nephew ! You can understand that 
 our kinship makes it the more impossible for me to screen 
 him in any way. I fear that the incident must have a very 
 prejudicial effect upon his career." 
 
 " But if the document is found ?" 
 
 " Ah, that, of course, would be different." 
 
 " I had one or two questions which I wished to ask you, 
 Lord Holdhurst." 
 
 " I shall be happy to give you any information in my 
 power." 
 
 " Was it in this room that you gave your instructions as to 
 the copying of the document ?" 
 
 " It was." 
 
 " Then you could hardly have been overheard ?"
 
 222 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " It is out of the question." 
 
 " Did you ever mention to any one that it was your inten- 
 tion to give any one the treaty to be copied ?" 
 
 " Never." 
 
 " You are certain of that ?" 
 
 " Absolutely." 
 
 " Well, since you never said so, and Mr. Phelps never said 
 so, and nobody else knew anything of the matter, then the 
 thief s presence in the room was purely accidental. He saw 
 his chance and he took it." 
 
 The statesman smiled. " You take me out of my province 
 there," said he. 
 
 Holmes considered for a moment. " There is another 
 very important point which I wish to discuss with you," 
 said he. " You feared, as I understand, that very grave re- 
 sults might follow from the details of this treaty becoming 
 known." 
 
 A shadow passed over the expressive face of the states- 
 man. "Very grave results indeed." 
 
 " And have they occurred ?" 
 
 " Not yet." 
 
 " If the treaty had reached, let us say, the French or Rus- 
 sian Foreign Office, you would expect to hear of it ?" 
 
 " I should," said Lord Holdhurst, with a wry face. 
 
 " Since nearly ten weeks have elapsed, then, and nothing 
 has been heard, it is not unfair to suppose that for some rea- 
 son the treaty has not reached them." 
 
 Lord Holdhurst shrugged his shoulders. 
 
 "We can hardly suppose, Mr. Holmes, that the thief took 
 the treaty in order to frame it and hang it up." 
 
 " Perhaps he is waiting for a better price." 
 
 " If he waits a little longer he will get no price at all. The 
 treaty will cease to be secret in a few months." 
 
 " That is most important," said Holmes. " Of course, it 
 is a possible supposition that the thief has had a sudden 
 illness "
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 223 
 
 " An attack of brain-fever, for example ?" asked the states- 
 man, flashing a swift glance at him. 
 
 "I did not say so," said Holmes, imperturbably. "And 
 now, Lord Holdhurst, we have already taken up too much of 
 your valuable time, and we shall wish you good-day." 
 
 " Every success to your investigation, be the criminal who 
 it may," answered the nobleman, as he bowed us out at the 
 door. 
 
 " He's a fine fellow," said Holmes, as we came out into 
 Whitehall. " But he has a struggle to keep up his position. 
 He is far from rich and has many calls. You noticed, of 
 course, that his boots had been resoled. Now, Watson, I 
 won't detain you from your legitimate work any longer. I 
 shall do nothing more to-day, unless I have an answer to my 
 cab advertisement. But I should be extremely obliged to you 
 if you would come down with me to Woking to-morrow, by 
 the same train which we took yesterday." 
 
 I met him accordingly next morning and we travelled down 
 to Woking together. He had had no answer to his advertise- 
 ment, he said, and no fresh light had been thrown upon the 
 case. He had, when he so willed it, the utter immobility of 
 countenance of a red Indian, and I could not gather from his 
 appearance whether he was satisfied or not with the position 
 of the case. His conversation, I remember, was about the 
 Bertillon system of measurements, and he expressed his en- 
 thusiastic admiration of the French savant. 
 
 We found our client still under the charge of his devoted 
 nurse, but looking considerably better than before. He rose 
 from the sofa and greeted us without difficulty when we en- 
 tered. 
 
 " Any news ?" he asked, eagerly. 
 
 " My report, as I expected, is a negative one," said Holmes. 
 * I have seen Forbes, and I have seen your uncle, and I have 
 set one or two trains of inquiry upon foot which may lead to 
 something.*"
 
 224 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " You have not lost heart, then ?" 
 
 " By no means." 
 
 "God bless you for saying that !" cried Miss Harrison. ' If 
 we keep our courage and our patience the truth must come 
 out." 
 
 " We have more to tell you than you have for us," said 
 Phelps, reseating himself upon the couch. 
 
 " I hoped you might have something." 
 
 " Yes, we have had an adventure during the night, and one 
 which might have proved to be a serious one." His expres- 
 sion grew very grave as he spoke, and a look of something 
 akin to fear sprang up in his eyes. " Do you know," said he, 
 " that I begin to believe that I am the unconscious centre of 
 some monstrous conspiracy, and that my life is aimed at as 
 well as my honor ?" 
 
 "Ah!" cried Holmes. 
 
 "It sounds incredible, for I have not, as far as I know, an 
 enemy in the world. Yet from last night's experience I can 
 come to no other conclusion." 
 
 " Pray let me hear it." 
 
 "You must know that last night was the very first night 
 that I have ever slept without a nurse in the room. I was so 
 much better that I thought I could dispense with one. I had 
 a night-light burning, however. Well, about two in the morn 
 ing I had sunk into a light sleep when I was suddenly aroused 
 by a slight noise. It was like the sound which a mouse makes 
 when it is gnawing a plank, and I lay listening to it for some 
 time under the impression that it must come from that cause. 
 Then it grew louder, and suddenly there came from the win- 
 dow a sharp metallic snick. I sat up in amazement. There 
 could be no doubt what the sounds were now. The first ones 
 had been caused oy some one forcing an instrument through 
 the slit between the sashes, and the second by the catch being 
 pressed back. 
 
 "There was a pause then for about ten minutes, as if the 
 person were waiting to see whether the noise had awakened
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 225 
 
 me. Then I heard a gentle creaking as the window was very 
 slowly opened. I could stand it no longer, for my nerves are 
 not what they used to be. I sprang out of bed and flung 
 open the shutters. A man was crouching at the window. I 
 could see little of him, for he was gone like a flash. He was 
 wrapped in some sort of cloak which came across the lower 
 part of his face. One thing only I am sure of, and that is 
 that he had some weapon in his hand. It looked to me like 
 a long knife. I distinctly saw the gleam of it as he turned to 
 run." 
 
 " This is most interesting," said Holmes. " Pray what did 
 you do then ?" 
 
 " I should have followed him through the open window if [ 
 had been stronger. As it was, I rang the bell and roused the 
 house. It took me some little time, for the bell rings in the 
 kitchen and the servants all sleep upstairs. I shouted, how- 
 ever, and that brought Joseph down, and he roused the others. 
 Joseph and the groom found marks on the bed outside the 
 window, but the weather has been so dry lately that they 
 found it hopeless to follow the trail across the grass. There's 
 a place, however, on the wooden fence which skirts the road 
 which shows signs, they tell me, as if some one had got over, 
 and had snapped the top of the rail in doing so. I have said 
 nothing to the local police yet, for I thought I had best have 
 your opinion first." 
 
 This tale of our client's appeared to have an extraordinary 
 effect upon Sherlock Holmes. He rose from his chair and 
 paced about the room in uncontrollable excitement. 
 
 " Misfortunes never come single,'' said Phelps, smiling, 
 though it was evident that his adventure had somewhat 
 shaken him. 
 
 'You have certainly had your share,'' said Holmes. "Do 
 you think you could walk round the house with me ?' ; 
 
 " Oh, yes, I should like a little sunshine. Joseph will come, 
 too." 
 
 " And I also," said Miss Harrison.
 
 226 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " I am afraid not," said Holmes, shaking his head. " I 
 think I must ask you to remain sitting exactly where you are." 
 
 The young lady resumed her seat with an air of displeas- 
 ure. Her brother, however, had joined us and we set off all 
 four together. We passed round the lawn to the outside of 
 the young diplomatist's window. There were, as he had said, 
 marks upon the bed, but they were hopelessly blurred and 
 vague. Holmes stooped over them for an instant, and then 
 rose shrugging his shoulders. 
 
 " I don't think any one could make much of this," said he. 
 " Let us go round the house and see why this particular room 
 was chosen by the burglar. I should have thought those 
 larger windows of the drawing-room and dining-room would 
 have had more attractions for him." 
 
 "They are more visible from the road," suggested Mr. 
 Joseph Harrison. 
 
 " Ah, yes, of course. There is a door here which he might 
 have attempted. What is it for ?" 
 
 " It is the side entrance for trades-people. Of course it is 
 locked at night." 
 
 " Have you ever had an alarm like this before ?" 
 
 " Never," said our client. 
 
 " Do you keep plate in the house, or anything to attract 
 burglars ?" 
 
 " Nothing of value." 
 
 Holmes strolled round the house with his hands in his 
 pockets and a negligent air which was unusual with him. 
 
 "By the way," said he to Joseph Harrison, "you found 
 some place, I understand, where the fellow scaled the fence. 
 Let us have a look at that !" 
 
 The plump young man led us to a spot where the top of 
 one of the wooden rails had been cracked. A small fragment 
 of the wood was hanging down. Holmes pulled it off and 
 examined it critically. 
 
 " Do you think that was done last night ? It looks rather 
 old, does it not ?"
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 227 
 
 " Well, possibly so." 
 
 "There are no marks of any one jumping down upon the 
 other side. No, I fancy we shall get no help here. Let us 
 go back to the bedroom and talk the matter over." 
 
 Percy Phelps was walking very slowly, leaning upon the 
 arm of his future brother-in-law. Holmes walked swiftly 
 across the lawn, and we were at the open window of the bed- 
 room long before the others came up. 
 
 " Miss Harrison," said Holmes, speaking with the utmost 
 intensity of manner, " you must stay where you are all day. 
 Let nothing prevent you from staying where you are all day. 
 It is of the utmost importance." 
 
 " Certainly, if you wish it, Mr. Holmes," said the girl in 
 astonishment. 
 
 " When you go to bed lock the door of this room on the 
 outside and keep the key. Promise to do this." 
 . " But Percy ?" 
 
 " He will come to London with us." 
 
 " And am I to remain here ?" 
 
 " It is for his sake. You can serve him. Quick ! Prom- 
 ise !" 
 
 She gave a quick nod of assent just as the other two came 
 up. 
 
 " Why do you sit moping there, Annie ?" cried her brother, 
 " Come out into the sunshine !" 
 
 " No, thank you, Joseph. I have a slight headache and 
 this room is deliciously cool and soothing." 
 
 "What do you propose now, Mr. Holmes?" asked our 
 client. 
 
 . " Well, in investigating this minor affair we must not lose 
 sight of our main inquiry. It would be a very great help to 
 me if you would come up to London with us." 
 
 " At once ?" 
 
 " Well, as soon as you conveniently can. Say in an 
 hour."' 
 
 " I feel quite strong enough, if I can really be of any help."
 
 228 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " The greatest possible." 
 
 " Perhaps you would like me to stay there to-night ?" 
 
 " I was just going to propose it." 
 
 " Then, if my friend of the night comes to revisit me, he will 
 find the bird flown. We are all in your hands, Mr. Holmes, 
 and you must tell us exactly what you would like done. Per- 
 haps you would prefer that Joseph came with us so as to look 
 after me ?" 
 
 " Oh, no ; my friend Watson is a medical man, you know, 
 and he'll look after you. We'll have our lunch here, if you 
 will permit us, and then we shall all three set off for town to- 
 gether." 
 
 It was arranged as he suggested, though Miss Harrison ex- 
 cused herself from leaving the bedroom, in accordance with 
 Holmes's suggestion. What the object of my friend's manoeu- 
 vres was I could not conceive, unless it were to keep the lady 
 away from Phelps, who, rejoiced by his returning health and 
 by the prospect of action, lunched with us in the dining-room. 
 Holmes had a still more startling surprise for us, however, for, 
 after accompanying us down to the station and seeing us into 
 our carriage, he calmly announced that he had no intention of 
 leaving Woking. 
 
 " There are one or two small points which I should desire 
 to clear up before I go," said he. " Your absence, Mr. Phelps, 
 will in some ways rather assist me. Watson, when you reach 
 London you would oblige me by driving at once to Baker 
 Street with our friend here, and remaining with him until I 
 see you again. It is fortunate that you are old school-fellows, 
 as you must have much to talk over. Mr. Phelps can have 
 the spare bedroom to-night, and I will be with you in time 
 for breakfast, for there is a train which will take me into 
 Waterloo at eight." 
 
 " But how about our investigation in London ?" asked 
 Phelps, ruefully. 
 
 " W* can do that to-morrow. I think that just at present 
 I can be of more immediate use here."
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 22Q 
 
 " You might tell them at Briarbrae that I hope to be back 
 to-morrow night," cried Phelps, as we began to move from 
 the platform. 
 
 " I hardly expect to go back to Briarbrae," answered 
 Holmes, and waved his hand to us cheerily as we shot out 
 from the station. 
 
 Phelps and I talked it over on our journey, but neither 
 of us could devise a satisfactory reason for this new develop- 
 ment 
 
 " I suppose he wants to find out some clue as to the bur- 
 glary last night, if a burglar it was. For myself, I don't be- 
 lieve it was an ordinary thief." 
 
 " What is your own idea, then ?" 
 
 " Upon my word, you may put it down to my weak nerves 
 or not, but I believe there is some deep political intrigue 
 going on around me, and that for some reason that passes 
 my understanding my life is aimed at by the conspirators. 
 It sounds high-flown and absurd, but consider the facts ! 
 Why should a thief try to break in at a bedroom window, 
 where there could be no hope of any plunder, and why 
 should he come with a long knife in his hand ?" 
 
 " You are sure it was not a house-breaker's jimmy ?" 
 
 " Oh, no, it was a knife. I saw the flash of the blade quite 
 distinctly." 
 
 " But why on earth should you be pursued with such 
 animosity ?" 
 
 " Ah, that is the question." 
 
 " Well, if Holmes takes the same view, that would account 
 fox his action, would it not ? Presuming that your theory is 
 correct, if he can lay his hands upon the man who threatened 
 you last night he will have gone a long way towards finding 
 who took the naval treaty. It is absurd to suppose that you 
 have two enemies, one of whom robs you, while the other 
 threatens your life." 
 
 " But Holmes said that he was not going to Briarbrae." 
 
 " I have known him for some time," said I, " but I never
 
 230 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 knew him do anything yet without a very good reason/ 
 and with that our conversation drifted off on to other topics. 
 But it was a weary day for me. Phelps was still weak 
 after his long illness, and his misfortunes made him queru- 
 lous and nervous. In vain I endeavored to interest him in 
 Afghanistan, in India, in social questions, in anything which 
 might take his mind out of the groove. He would always 
 come back to his lost treaty, wondering, guessing, specu- 
 lating as to what Holmes was doing, what steps Lord Hold- 
 hurst was taking, what news we should have in the morn- 
 ing. As the evening wore on his excitement became quite 
 painful. 
 
 "You have implicit faith in Holmes?" he asked. 
 " I have seen him do some remarkable things." 
 " But he never brought light into anything quite so dark 
 as this ?" 
 
 "Oh. yes; I have known him solve questions which pre- 
 sented fewer clues than yours." 
 
 " But not where such large interests are at stake ?'' 
 " I don't know that. To my certain knowledge he has 
 acted on behalf of three of the reigning houses of Europe 
 in very vital matters." 
 
 " But you know him well, Watson. He is such an inscru- 
 table fellow that I never quite know what to make of him. 
 Do you think he is hopeful ? Do you think he expects to 
 make a success of it ?" 
 " He has said nothing." 
 "That is a bad sign." 
 
 " On the contrary, I have noticed that when he is off the 
 trail he generally says so. It is when he is on a scent and 
 is not quite absolutely sure yet that it is the right one that 
 he is most taciturn. Now, my dear fellow, we can't help 
 matters by making ourselves nervous about them, so let me 
 implore you to go to bed and so be fresh for whatever may 
 await us to-morrow." 
 
 I was able at last to persuade my companion to take my
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 231 
 
 advice, though I knew from his excited manner that there 
 was not much hope of sleep for him. Indeed, his mood was 
 infectious, for I lay tossing half the night myself, brooding 
 over this strange problem, and inventing, a hundred theories, 
 each of which was more impossible than the last. Why had 
 Holmes remained at Woking ? Why had he asked Miss Har- 
 rison to remain in the sick-room all day ? Why had he been 
 so careful not to inform the people at Briarbrae that he in- 
 tended to remain near them ? I cudgelled my brains until 
 I fell asleep in the endeavor to find some explanation which 
 would cover all these facts. 
 
 It was seven o'clock when I awoke, and I set off at once 
 for Phelps's room, to find him haggard and spent after a 
 sleepless night. His first question was whether Holmes had 
 arrived yet. 
 
 "He'll be here when he promised," said I, "and not an 
 instant sooner or later." 
 
 And my words were true, for shortly after eight a hansom 
 dashed up to the door and our friend got out of it. Standing 
 in the window we saw that his left hand was swathed in a 
 bandage and that his face was very grim and pale. He en- 
 tered the house, but it was some little time before he came 
 upstairs. 
 
 " He looks like a beaten man," cried Phelps. 
 
 I was forced to confess that he was right. " After all," 
 said I, " the clue of the matter lies probably here in town." 
 
 Phelps gave a groan. 
 
 " I don't know how it is," said he, " but I had hoped for 
 so much from his return. But surely his hand was not tied 
 up like that yesterday. What can be the matter ?' ; 
 
 " You are not wounded, Holmes ?" I asked, as my friend 
 entered the room. 
 
 "Tut, it is only a scratch through my own clumsiness," he 
 answered, nodding his good-mornings to us. " This case of 
 yours, Mr. Phelps, is certainly one of the darkest which I 
 have ever investigated."
 
 232 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " I feared that you would find it beyond you." 
 
 " It has been a most remarkable experience." 
 
 "That bandage tells of adventures," said I. "Won't you 
 tell us what has happened ?" 
 
 " After breakfast, my dear Watson. Remember that I have 
 breathed thirty miles of Surrey air this morning. I suppose 
 that there has been no answer from my cabman advertise- 
 ment ? Well, well, we cannot expect to score every time.'' 
 
 The table was all laid, and just as I was about to ring Mrs. 
 Hudson entered with the tea and coffee. A few minutes later 
 she brought in three covers, and we all drew up to the table, 
 Holmes ravenous, I curious, and Phelps in the gloomiest 
 state of depression. 
 
 " Mrs. Hudson has risen to the occasion," said Holmes, un- 
 covering a dish of curried chicken. " Her cuisine is a little 
 limited, but she has as good an idea of breakfast as a Scotch- 
 woman. What have you there, Watson ?" 
 
 " Ham and eggs," I answered. 
 
 " Good ! What are you going to take, Mr. Phelps curried 
 fowl or eggs, or will you help yourself ?" 
 
 "Thank you. I can eat nothing," said Phelps. 
 
 " Oh, come ! Try the dish before you." 
 
 " Thank you, I would really rather not." 
 
 " Well, then," said Holmes, with a mischievous twinkle, " I 
 suppose that you have no objection to helping me ?" 
 
 Phelps raised the cover, and as he did so he uttered a 
 scream, and sat there staring with a face as white as the 
 plate upon which he looked. Across the centre of it was 
 lying a little cylinder of blue-gray paper. He caught it up, 
 devoured it with his eyes, and then danced madly about the 
 room, pressing it to his bosom and shrieking out in his delight. 
 Then he fell back into an arm-chair so limp and exhausted 
 with his own emotions that we had to pour brandy down his 
 throat to keep him from fainting. 
 
 " There ! there !" said Holmes, soothingly, patting him 
 upon the shoulder. " It was too bad to spring it on you like
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 233 
 
 this, but Watson here will tell you that I never can resist a 
 touch of the dramatic." 
 
 Phelps seized his hand and kissed it. " God bless you !* 
 he cried. " You have saved my honor." 
 
 " Well, my own was at stake, you know," said Holmes. " I 
 assure you it is just as hateful to me to fail in a case as it can 
 be to you to blunder over a commission." 
 
 Phelps thrust away the precious document into the inner 
 most pocket of his coat. 
 
 " I have not the heart to interrupt your breakfast any fur- 
 ther, and yet I am dying to know how you got it and where 
 it was." 
 
 Sherlock Holmes swallowed a cup of coffee, and turned his 
 attention to the ham and eggs. Then he rose, lit his pipe, 
 and settled himself down into his chair. 
 
 " I'll tell you what I did first, and how I came to do it af- 
 terwards," said he. "After leaving you at the station I went 
 for a charming walk through some admirable Surrey scenery 
 to a pretty little village called Ripley, where I had my tea at 
 an inn, and took the precaution of filling my flask and of put- 
 ting a paper of sandwiches in my pocket. There I remained 
 until evening, when I set off for Woking again, and found my- 
 self in the high-road outside Briarbrae just after sunset. 
 
 " Well, I waited until the road was clear it is never a very 
 frequented one at any time, I fancy and then I clambered 
 over the fence into the grounds." 
 
 " Surely the gate was open !" ejaculated Phelps. 
 
 " Yes, but I have a peculiar taste in these matters. I chose 
 the place where the three fir-trees stand, and behind their 
 screen I got over without the least chance of any one in the 
 house being able to see me. I crouched down among the 
 bushes on the other side, and crawled from one to the other 
 witness the disreputable state of my trouser knees until I 
 had reached the clump of rhododendrons just opposite to 
 your bedroom window. There I squatted down and awaited 
 developments.
 
 ,234 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMKS 
 
 " The blind was not down in your room, and I could see 
 Miss Harrison sitting there reading by the table. It was 
 quarter-past ten when she closed her book, fastened the shut- 
 ters, and retired. 
 
 " I heard her shut the door, and felt quite sure that she had 
 turned the key in the lock." 
 
 " The key !" ejaculated Phelps. 
 
 "Yes; I had given Miss Harrison instructions to lock the 
 door on the outside and take the key with her when she went 
 to bed. She carried out every one of my injunctions to the 
 letter, and certainly without her co-operation you would not 
 have that paper in your coat-pocket. She departed then and 
 the lights went out, and I was left squatting in the rhododen- 
 dron-bush. 
 
 " The night was fine, but still it was a very weary vigil. 
 Of course it has the sort of excitement about it that the 
 sportsman feels when he lies beside the watercourse and 
 waits for the big game. It was very long, though almost 
 as long, Watson, as when you and I waited in that deadly 
 room when we looked into the little problem of the Speckled 
 Band. There was a church -clock down at Woking which 
 struck the quarters, and I thought more than once that it 
 had stopped. At last, however, about two in the morning, 
 I suddenly heard the gentle sound of a bolt being pushed 
 back and the creaking of a key. A moment later the ser- 
 vants' door was opened, and Mr. Joseph Harrison stepped 
 out into the moonlight." 
 
 " Joseph !" ejaculated Phelps. 
 
 " He was bare-headed, but he had a black cloak thrown 
 over his shoulder, so that he could conceal his face in an 
 instant if there were any alarm. He walked on tiptoe under 
 the shadow of the wall, and when he reached the window he 
 worked a long-bladed knife through the sash and pushed back 
 the catch. Then he flung open the window, and putting his 
 knife through the crack in the shutters, he thrust the bar up 
 and swung them open.
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 
 
 235 
 
 " From where I lay I had a perfect view of the inside of 
 the room and of every one of his movements. He lit the 
 two candles which stood upon the mantelpiece, and then he 
 proceeded to turn back the corner of the carpet in the neigh- 
 borhood of the door. Presently he stooped and picked out a 
 square piece of board, such as is usually left to enable plumb- 
 ers to get at the joints of the gas-pipes. This one covered, 
 as a matter of fact, the T joint which gives off the pipe which 
 supplies the kitchen underneath. Out of this hiding-place 
 he drew that little cylinder of paper, pushed down the board, 
 rearranged the carpet, blew out the candles, and walked 
 straight into my arms as I stood waiting for him outside the 
 window. 
 
 " Well, he has rather more viciousness than I gave him 
 credit for, has Master Joseph. He flew at me with his 
 knife, and I had to grass him twice, and got a cut over the 
 knuckles, before I had the upper hand of him. He looked 
 murder out of the only eye he could see with when we had 
 finished, but he listened to reason and gave up the papers. 
 Having got them I let my man go, but I wired full partic- 
 ulars to Forbes this morning. If he is quick enough to 
 catch his bird, well and good. But if, as I shrewdly sus- 
 pect, he finds the nest empty before he gets there, why, all 
 the better for the government. I fancy that Lord Hold- 
 hurst for one, and Mr. Percy Phelps for another, would very 
 much rather that the affair never got as far as a police- 
 court." 
 
 " My God !" gasped our client. " Do you tell me that dur- 
 ing these long ten weeks of agony the stolen papers were 
 within the very room with me all the time ?" 
 
 " So it was." 
 
 " And Joseph ! Joseph a villain and a thief !" 
 
 " Hum ! I am afraid Joseph's character is a rather deeper 
 and more dangerous one than one might judge from his ap- 
 pearance. From what I have heard from him this morning, 
 I gather that he has lost heavily in dabbling with stocks, and
 
 236 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 that he is ready to do anything on earth to better his fort 
 unes. Being an absolutely selfish man, when a chance pre- 
 sented itself he did not allow either his sister's happiness or 
 your reputation to hold his hand." 
 
 Percy Phelps sank back in his chair. " My head whirls," 
 said he. "Your words have dazed me." 
 
 " The principal difficulty in your case," remarked Holmes, 
 in his didactic fashion, "lay in the fact of there being too 
 much evidence. What was vital was overlaid and hidden by 
 what was irrelevant. Of all the facts which were presented 
 to us we had to pick just those which we deemed to be essen- 
 tial, and then piece them together in their order, so as to re- 
 construct this very remarkable chain of events. I had al- 
 ready begun to suspect Joseph, from the fact that you had 
 intended to travel home with him that night, and that there- 
 fore it was a likely enough thing that he should call for you, 
 knowing the Foreign Office well, upon his way. When I heard 
 that some one had been so anxious to get into the bedroom, 
 in which no one but Joseph could have concealed anything 
 you told us in your narrative how you had turned Joseph 
 out when you arrived with the doctor my suspicions all 
 changed to certainties, especially as the attempt was made 
 on the first night upon which the nurse was absent, showing 
 that the intruder was well acquainted with the ways of the 
 house." 
 
 " How blind I have been 1" 
 
 " The facts of the case, as far as I have worked them out, 
 are these : this Joseph Harrison entered the office through 
 the Charles Street door, and knowing his way he walked 
 straight into your room the instant after you left it. Finding 
 no one there he promptly rang the bell, and at the instant 
 that he did so his eyes caught the paper upon the table. A 
 glance showed him that chance had put in his way a State 
 document of immense value, and in an instant he had thrust 
 it into his pocket and was gone. A few minutes elapsed, as 
 you remember, before the sleepy commissionnaire drew your
 
 THE NAVAL TREATY 237 
 
 attention to the bell, and those were just enough to give the 
 thief time to make his escape. 
 
 " He made his way to Woking by the first train, and having 
 examined his booty and assured himself that it really was of 
 immense value, he had concealed it in what he thought was a 
 very safe place, with the intention of taking it out again in a 
 day or two, and carrying it to the French embassy, or wher- 
 ever he thought that a long price was to be had. Then came 
 your sudden return. He, without a moment's warning, was 
 bundled out of his room, and from that time onward there 
 were always at least two of you there to prevent him from re- 
 gaining his treasure. The situation to him must have been a 
 maddening one. But at last he thought he saw his chance. 
 He tried to steal in, but was baffled by your wakefulness. 
 You may remember that you did not take your usual draught 
 that night." 
 
 " I remember." 
 
 "I fancy that he had taken steps to make that draught 
 efficacious, and that he quite relied upon your being uncon- 
 scious. Of course, I understood that he would repeat the at- 
 tempt whenever it could be done with safety. Your leaving 
 the room gave him the chance he wanted. I kept Miss Har- 
 rison in it all day so that he might not anticipate us. Then, 
 having given him the idea that the coast was clear, I kept 
 guard as I have described. I already knew that the papers 
 were probably in the room, but I had no desire to rip up all 
 the planking and skirting in search of them. I let him take 
 them, therefore, from the hiding-place, and so saved myself 
 an infinity of trouble. Is there any other point which I can 
 make clear ?" 
 
 "Why did he try the window on the first occasion," I 
 asked, " when he might have entered by the door ?" 
 
 " In reaching the door he would have to pass seven bed- 
 rooms. On the other hand, he could get out on to the lawn 
 with ease. Anything else ?" 
 
 "You do not think," asked Phelps. "that he had any
 
 238 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 murderous intention ? The knife was only meant as a 
 tool." 
 
 "It may be so," answered Holmes, shrugging his shoul- 
 ders. " I can only say for certain that Mr. Joseph Harrison 
 is a gentleman to whose mercy I should be extremely unwill- 
 ing to trust"
 
 is with a heavy heart that I take up my pen 
 to write these the last words in which I shall 
 ever record the singular gifts by which my friend 
 Mr. Sherlock Holmes was distinguished. In an 
 incoherent and, as I deeply feel, an entirely in- 
 adequate fashion, I have endeavored to give some account 
 of my strange experiences in his company from the chance 
 which first brought us together at the period of the " Study 
 in Scarlet," up to the time of his interference in the matter 
 of the " Naval Treaty " an interference which had the un- 
 questionable effect of preventing a serious international com- 
 plication. It was my intention to have stopped there, and 
 to have said nothing of that event which has created a void 
 in my life which the lapse of two years has done little to fill 
 My hand has been forced, however, by the recent letters in 
 which Colonel James Moriarty defends the memory of his 
 brother, and I have no choice but to lay the facts before the 
 public exactly as they occurred. I alone know the absolute 
 truth of the matter, and I am satisfied that the time has come 
 when no good purpose is to be served by its suppression. As 
 far as I know, there have been only three accounts in the 
 public press : that in the Journal de Geneve on May 6th, 
 1891, the Reuter's despatch in the English papers on May 
 7th. and finally the recent letters to which I have alluded. 
 Of these the first and second were extremely condensed, while 
 the last is, as I shall now show, an absolute perversion of the 
 acts. It lies with me to tell for the first time what really
 
 240 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 took place between Professor Moriarty and Mr. Sherlock 
 Holmes. 
 
 It may be remembered that after my marriage, and my 
 subsequent start in private practice, the very intimate rela- 
 tions which had existed between Holmes and myself became 
 to some extent modified. He still came to me from time to 
 time when he desired a companion in his investigations, but 
 these occasions grew more and more seldom, until I find that 
 in the year 1890 there were only three cases of which I retain 
 any record. During the winter of that year and the early 
 spring of 1891, 1 saw in the papers that he had been engaged 
 by the French government upon a matter of supreme impor- 
 tance, and I received two notes from Holmes, dated from Nar- 
 bonne and from Nimes, from which I gathered that his stay 
 in France was likely to be a long one. It was with some sur- 
 prise, therefore, that I saw him walk into my consulting-room 
 upon the evening of April 24th. It struck me that he was 
 looking even paler and thinner than usual. 
 
 "Yes, I have been using myself up rather too freely," he 
 remarked, in answer to my look rather than to my words ; " I 
 have been a little pressed of late. Have you any objection to 
 my closing your shutters ?" 
 
 The only light in the room came from the lamp upon the 
 table at which I had been reading. Holmes edged his way 
 round the wall, and flinging the shutters together, he bolted 
 them securely. 
 
 ; ' You are afraid of something ?" 1 asked. 
 
 "Well, I am." 
 
 ; ' Of what ?' 
 
 " Of air-guns. 
 
 " My dear Holmes, what do you mean .'' 
 
 " I think that you know me well enough, Watson, to 
 understand that I am by no means a nervous man. At 
 the same time, it is stupidity rather than courage to re- 
 fuse to recognize danger when it is close upon you. Might 
 I trouble you for a match ?" He drew in the smoke of
 
 THE FINAL PROBLEM 241 
 
 his cigarette :i if the soothing influence was grateful to 
 him. 
 
 " I must apologize for calling so late," said he, " and I must 
 further beg you to be so unconventional as to allow me to 
 leave your house presently by scrambling over your back gar- 
 den wail." 
 
 " But what does it all mean ?" I asked. 
 
 He held out his hand, and I saw in the light of the lamp 
 that two of his knuckles were burst and bleeding. 
 
 " It's not an airy nothing, you see," said he, smiling. " On 
 the contrary, it is solid enough for a man to break his hand 
 over. Is Mrs. Watson in ?" 
 
 " She is away upon a visit." 
 
 " Indeed ! You are alone ?" 
 
 "Quite." 
 
 "Then it makes it the easier for me to propose that yon 
 should come away with me for a week to the Continent." 
 
 " Where ?" 
 
 " Oh, anywhere. It's all the same to me." 
 
 There was something very strange in all this. It was not 
 Holmes's nature to take an aimless holiday, and something 
 about his pale, worn face told me that his nerves were at their 
 highest tension. He saw the question in my eyes, and, put- 
 ting his finger-tips together and his elbows upon his knees, he 
 explained the situation. 
 
 "You have probably never heard of Professor Moriarty*' ? 
 said he. 
 
 " Never." 
 
 " Aye, there's the genius and the wonder of the thing !" he 
 cried. " The man pervades London, and no one has heard of 
 him. That's what puts him on a pinnacle in the records of 
 crime. I tell you, Watson, in all seriousness, that if I could 
 beat that man, if I could free society of him, I should feel that 
 my own career had reached its summit, and I should be pre- 
 pared to turn to some more placid line in life. Between our- 
 selves, the recent cases in which I have been of assistance
 
 242 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 to the royal family of Scandinavia, and to the French re- 
 public, have left me in such a position that I could con- 
 tinue to live in the quiet fashion which is most congenial to 
 me, and to concentrate my attention upon my chemical re- 
 searches. But I could not rest, Watson, I could not sit quiet 
 in my chair, if I thought that such a man as Professor Mori- 
 arty were walking the streets of London unchallenged." 
 
 " What has he done, then ?" 
 
 " His career has been an extraordinary one. He is a man 
 of good birth and excellent education, endowed by nature 
 with a phenomenal mathematical faculty. At the age of twen- 
 ty-one he wrote a treatise upon the Binomial Theorem, which 
 has had a European vogue. On the strength of it he won the 
 Mathematical Chair at one of our smaller universities, and 
 had, to all appearances, a most brilliant career before him. 
 But the man had hereditary tendencies of the most diabolical 
 kind. A criminal strain ran in his blood, which, instead of 
 being modified, was increased and rendered infinitely more 
 dangerous by his extraordinary mental powers. Dark rumors 
 gathered round him in the university town, and eventually he 
 was compelled to resign his chair and to come down to Lon- 
 don, where he set up as an army coach. So much is known 
 to the world, but what I am telling you now is what I have 
 myself discovered. 
 
 " As you are aware, Watson, there is no one who knows the 
 higher criminal world of London so well as I do. For years 
 past I have continually been conscious of some power behind 
 the malefactor, some deep organizing power which forever 
 stands in the way of the law, and throws its shield over the 
 wrong-doer. Again and again in cases of the most varying 
 sorts forgery cases, robberies, murders I have felt the pres- 
 ence of this force, and I have deduced its action in many of 
 those undiscovered crimes in which I have not been person- 
 ally consulted. For years I have endeavored to break through 
 the veil which shrouded it, and at last the time came when I 
 seized my thread and followed it, until it led me, after a thou-
 
 THE FINAL PROBLEM 243 
 
 sand cunning windings, to ex-Professor Moriarty of. mathemat- 
 ical celebrity. 
 
 " He is the Napoleon of crime, Watson. He is the organ- 
 izer of half that is evil and of nearly all that is undetected 
 in this great city. He is a genius, a philosopher, an abstract 
 thinker. He has a brain of the first order. He sits motion- 
 less, like a spider in the centre of its web, but that web has a 
 thousand radiations, and he knows well every quiver of each 
 of them. He does little himself. He only plans. But his 
 agents are numerous and splendidly organized. Is there a 
 crime to be done, a paper to be abstracted, we will say, a house 
 to be rifled, a man to be removed the word is passed to the 
 Professor, the matter is organized and carried out. The 
 agent may be caught. In that case money is found for his 
 bail or his defence. But the central power which uses the 
 agent is never caught never so much as suspected. This 
 was the organization which I deduced, Watson, and which I 
 devoted my whole energy to exposing and breaking up. 
 
 " But the Professor was fenced round with safeguards so 
 cunningly devised that, do what I would, it seemed impossible 
 to get evidence which would convict in a court of law. You 
 know my powers, my dear Watson, and yet at the end of 
 three months I was forced to confess that I had at last met 
 an antagonist who was my intellectual equal. My horror at 
 his crimes was lost in my admiration at his skill. But at last 
 he made a trip only a little, little trip but it was more than 
 he could afford, when I was so close upon him. I had my 
 chance, and, starting from that point, I have woven my net 
 round him until now it is all ready to close. In three days 
 that is to say, on Monday next matters will be ripe, and the 
 Professor, with all the principal members of his gang, will be 
 in the hands of the police. Then will come the greatest crim- 
 inal trial of the century, the clearing up of over forty myste- 
 ries, and the rope for all of them ; but if we move at all pre- 
 maturely, you understand, they may slip out of our hands 
 even at the last moment.
 
 344 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 " Now, if I could have done this without the knowledge of 
 Professor Moriarty, all would have been well. But he was too 
 wily for that. He saw every step which I took to draw my 
 toils round him. Again and again he strove to break away, 
 but I as often headed him off. I tell you, my friend, that if a 
 detailed account of that silent contest could be written, it 
 would take its place as the most brilliant bit of thrust-and- 
 parry work in the history of detection. Never have I risen 
 to such a height, and never have I been so hard pressed by 
 an opponent. He cut deep, and yet I just undercut him. 
 This morning the last steps were taken, and three days only 
 were wanted to complete the business. I was sitting in my 
 room thinking the matter over, when the door opened and 
 Professor Moriarty stood before me. 
 
 " My nerves are fairly proof, Watson, but I must confess to 
 a start when I saw the very man who had been so much in 
 my thoughts standing there on my threshold. His appear- 
 ance was quite familiar to me. He is extremely tall and thin, 
 his forehead domes out in a white curve, and his two eyes are 
 deeply sunken in his head. He is clean-shaven, pale, and as- 
 cetic-looking, retaining something of the professor in his feat- 
 ures. His shoulders are rounded from much study, and his 
 face protrudes forward, and is forever slowly oscillating from 
 side to side in a curiously reptilian fashion. He peered at 
 me with great curiosity in his puckered eyes. 
 
 " ' You have less frontal development than I should have 
 expected,' said he, at last. ' It is a dangerous habit to ringer 
 loaded firearms in the pocket of one's dressing-gown.' 
 
 " The fact is that upon his entrance I had instantly recog- 
 nized the extreme personal danger in which I lay. The only 
 conceivable escape for him lay in silencing my tongue. In 
 an instant I had slipped the revolver from the drawer into 
 my pocket, and was covering him through the cloth. At his 
 remark I drew the weapon out and laid it cocked upon the 
 table. He still smiled and blinked, but there was something 
 about his eyes which made me feel very glad that I had it there
 
 THE FINAL PROBLEM 345 
 
 "'You evidently don't know me,' said he. 
 
 " ' On the contrary,' I answered, ' I think it is fairly evident 
 that I do. Pray take a chair. I can spare you five minutes 
 if you have anything to say.' 
 
 " ' All that I have to say has already crossed your mind,' 
 said he. 
 
 " ' Then possibly my answer has crossed yours,' I replied. 
 
 " ' You stand fast ?' 
 
 "'Absolutely.' 
 
 " He clapped his hand into his pocket, and I raised the 
 pistol from the table. But he merely drew out a memoran- 
 dum-book in which he had scribbled some dates. 
 
 " * You crossed my path on the 4th of January,' said he. 
 ' On the 2jd you incommoded me ; by the middle of Febru- 
 ary I was seriously inconvenienced by you ; at the end of 
 March I was absolutely hampered in my plans ; and now, at 
 the close of April, I find myself placed in such a position 
 through your continual persecution that I am in positive dan- 
 ger of losing my liberty. The situation is becoming an im- 
 possible one.' 
 
 " ' Have you any suggestion to make ?' I asked. 
 
 " ' You must drop it, Mr. Holmes,' said he, swaying his face 
 about. 'You really must, you know.' 
 
 " ' After Monday,' said I. 
 
 " ' Tut, tut !' said he. ' I am quite sure that a man of your 
 intelligence will see that there can be but one outcome to this 
 affair. It is necessary that you should withdraw. You have 
 worked things in such a fashion that we have only one re- 
 source left. It has been an intellectual treat to me to see 
 the way in which you have grappled with this affair, and I 
 say, unaffectedly, that it would be a grief to me to be forced 
 to take any extreme measure. You smile, sir, but I assure 
 you that it really would.' 
 
 " ' Danger is part of my trade,' I remarked. 
 
 " ' This is not danger,' said he. ' It is inevitable destruc- 
 tion. You stand in the way not merely of an individual, but
 
 24& MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 of a mighty organization, the full extent of which you, with 
 all your cleverness, have been unable to realize. You must 
 stand clear, Mr. Holmes, or be trodden under foot.' 
 
 " ' I am afraid,' said I, rising, ' that in the pleasure of this 
 conversation I am neglecting business of importance which 
 awaits me elsewhere.' 
 
 " He rose also and looked at me in silence, shaking his 
 head sadly. 
 
 " ' Well, well,' said he, at last. ' It seems a pity, but I have 
 done what I could. I know every move of your game. You 
 can do nothing before Monday. It has been a duel between 
 you and me, Mr. Holmes. You hope to place me in the dock. 
 I tell you that I will never stand in the dock. You hope to 
 beat me. I tell you that you will never beat me. If you are 
 clever enough to bring destruction upon me, rest assured that 
 I shall do as much to you.' 
 
 " ' You have paid me several compliments, Mr. Moriarty,' 
 said I. ' Let me pay you one in return when I say that if I 
 were assured of the former eventuality I would, in the inter- 
 ests of the public, cheerfully accept the latter.' 
 
 " ' I can promise you the one, but not the other,' he snarled, 
 and so turned his rounded back upon me, and went peering 
 and blinking out of the room. 
 
 "That was my singular interview with Professor Moriarty. 
 I confess that it left an unpleasant effect upon my mind. 
 His soft, precise fashion of speech leaves a conviction of sin- 
 cerity which a mere bully could not produce. Of course, you 
 will say : ' Why not take police precautions against him ?' 
 The reason is that I am well convinced that it is from his 
 agents the blow would fall. I have the best of proofs that it 
 would be so." 
 
 " You have already been assaulted ?" 
 
 " My dear Watson, Professor Moriarty is not a man who 
 lets the grass grow under his feet. I went out about mid-day 
 to transact tome business in Oxford Street. As I passed the 
 corner which leads from Bentinck Street on to the Welbeck
 
 THE FINAL PROBLEM 247 
 
 Street crossing a two -horse van furiously driven whizzed 
 round and was on me like a flash. I sprang for the foot-path 
 and saved myself by the fraction of a second. The van 
 dashed round by Marylebone Lane and was gone in an in- 
 stant. I kept to the pavement after that, Watson, but as I 
 walked down Vere Street a brick came down from the roof of 
 one of the houses, and was shattered to fragments at my feet 
 I called the police and had the place examined. There were 
 slates and bricks piled up on the roof preparatory to some re- 
 pairs, and they would have me believe that the wind had top- 
 pled over one of these. Of course I knew better, but I could 
 prove nothing. I took a cab after that and reached my 
 brother's rooms in Pall Mall, where I spent the day. Now I 
 have come round to you, and on my way I was attacked by a 
 rough with a bludgeon. I knocked him down, and the police 
 have him in custody ; but I can tell you with the most abso- 
 lute confidence that no possible connection will ever be traced 
 between the gentleman upon whose front teeth I have barked 
 my knuckles and the retiring mathematical coach, who is, I 
 dare say, working out problems upon a black-board ten miles 
 away. You will not wonder, Watson, that my first act on en- 
 tering your rooms was to close your shutters, and that I have 
 been compelled to ask your permission to leave the house by 
 some less conspicuous exit than the front door." 
 
 I had often admired my friend's courage, but never more 
 than now, as he sat quietly checking off a series of incidents 
 which must have combined to make up a day of horror. 
 
 " You will spend the night here ?" I said. 
 
 " No, my friend, you might find me a dangerous guest. I 
 have my plans laid, and all will be well. Matters have gone 
 so far now that they can move without my help as far as the 
 arrest goes, though my presence is necessary for a conviction. 
 It is obvious, therefore, that I cannot do better than get away 
 for the few days which remain before the police are at liberty 
 to act. It would be a great pleasure to me, therefore, if you 
 could come on to the Continent with me."
 
 248 MIMOIK? OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 "The practice is quiet." said I, "and I have an accommo- 
 dating neighbor. I should be glad to come." 
 
 " And to start to-morrow morning ?" 
 
 " If necessary." 
 
 " Oh yes, it is most necessary. Then these are your in- 
 structions, and I beg, my dear Watson, that you will obey them 
 to the letter, for you are now playing a double-handed game 
 with me against the cleverest rogue and the most powerful 
 syndicate of criminals in Europe. Now listen ! You will de- 
 spatch whatever luggage you intend to take by a trusty mes- 
 senger unaddressed to Victoria to-night. In the morning you 
 will send for a hansom, desiring your man to take neither the 
 first nor the second which may present itself. Into this han- 
 som you will jump, and you will drive to the Strand end of 
 the Lowther Arcade, handing the address to the cabman upon 
 a slip of paper, with a request that he will not throw it away. 
 Have your fare ready, and the instant that your cab stops, 
 dash through the Arcade, timing yourself to reach the other 
 side at a quarter-past nine. You will find a small brougham 
 waiting close to the curb, driven by a fellow with a heavy 
 black cloak tipped at the collar with red. Into this you will 
 step, and you will reach Victoria in time for the Continental 
 express." 
 
 " Where shall I meet you ?" 
 
 " At the station. The second first-class carriage from the 
 front will be reserved for us." 
 
 :< The carriage is our rendezvous, then ?" 
 
 r 'Yes." 
 
 It was in vain that I asked Holmes to remain for the even- 
 ing. It was evident to me that he thought he might bring 
 trouble to the roof he was under, and that that was the mo- 
 tive which impelled him to go. With a few hurried words as 
 to our plans for the morrow he rose and came out with me into 
 the garden, clambering over the wall which leads into Morti- 
 xner Street, and immediately whistling for a hansom, in which 
 I heard him drive away.
 
 THE FINAL PROBLEM 249 
 
 In the morning I obeyed Holmes's injunctions to the letter. 
 A hansom was procured with such precautions as would pre- 
 vent its being one which was placed ready for us, and I drove 
 immediately after breakfast to the Lowther Arcade, through 
 which I hurried at the top of my speed. A brougham was 
 waiting with a very massive driver wrapped in a dark cloak, 
 who, the instant that I had stepped in, whipped up the horse 
 and rattled off to Victoria Station. On my alighting there he 
 turned the carriage, and dashed away again without so much 
 as a look in my direction. 
 
 So far all had gone admirably. My luggage was waiting 
 for me, and I had ^o difficulty in rinding the carriage which 
 Holmes had indicated, the less so as it was the only one in 
 the train which was marked " Engaged." My only source of 
 anxiety now was the non-appearance of Holmes. The station 
 clock marked only seven minutes from the time when we were 
 due to start. In vain I searched among the groups of travel- 
 lers and leave takers for the lithe figure of my friend. There 
 was no sign of him. I spent a few minutes in assisting a ven- 
 erable Italian priest, who was endeavoring to make a porter 
 understand, in his broken English, that his luggage was to be 
 booked through to Paris. Then, having taken another look 
 round, I returned to my carriage, where I found that the por- 
 ter, in spite of the ticket, had given me my decrepit Italian 
 friend as a travelling companion. It was useless for me to 
 explain to him that his presence was an intrusion, for my 
 Italian was even more limited than his English, so I shrugged 
 my shoulders resignedly, and continued to look out anxiously 
 for my friend. A chill of fear had come over me, as I thought 
 \hat his absence might mean that some blow had fallen during 
 ihe night. Already the doors had all been shut and the whistle 
 blown, when 
 
 "My dear Watson, "said a voice, "you have not even con- 
 descended to say good-morning." 
 
 I turned in uncontrollable astonishment. The aged eccle- 
 siastic had turned his face towards me. For an instant the
 
 *50 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 wrinkles were smoothed away, the nose drew away from the 
 chin, the lower lip ceased to protrude and the mouth to mum- 
 ble, the dull eyes regained their fire, the drooping figure ex- 
 panded. The next the whole frame collapsed again, and 
 Holmes had gone as quickly as he had come. 
 
 " Good heavens !" I cried ; " how you startled me !" 
 
 "Every precaution is still necessary," he whispered. "I 
 have reason to think that they are hot upon our trail. Ah, 
 there is Moriarty himself." 
 
 The train had already begun to move as Holmes spoke. 
 Glancing back, I saw a tall man pushing his way furiously 
 through the crowd, and waving his hand as if he desired to 
 have the train stopped. It was too late, however, for we were 
 rapidly gathering momentum, and an instant later had shot 
 clear of the station. 
 
 " With all our precautions, you see that we have cut it rather 
 fine," said Holmes, laughing. He rose, and throwing off the 
 black cassock and hat which had formed his disguise, he 
 packed them away in a hand-bag. 
 
 " Have you seen the morning paper, Watson ?" 
 
 " No." 
 
 " You haven't seen about Baker Street, then ?" 
 
 " Baker Street ?" 
 
 " They set fire to our rooms last night. No great harm 
 was done." 
 
 " Good heavens, Holmes ! this is intolerable." 
 
 "They must have lost my track completely after their 
 bludgeon-man was arrested. Otherwise they could not have 
 imagined that I had returned to my rooms. They have evi- 
 dently taken the precaution of watching you, however, and that 
 is what has brought Moriarty to Victoria. You could not have 
 made any slip in coming ?" 
 
 " I did exactly what you advised." 
 
 " Did you find your brougham ?" 
 
 "Yes, it was waiting." 
 
 ' Did you recognize your coachman ?"
 
 THE FINAL PROBLEM 2gl 
 
 " NO." 
 
 "It was my brother Mycroft. It is an advantage to get 
 about in such a case without taking a mercenary into your 
 confidence. But we must plan what we are to do about 
 Moriarty now." 
 
 ' As this is an express, and as the boat runs in connec- 
 tion with it, I should think we have shaken him off very 
 effectively." 
 
 " My dear Watson, you evidently did not realize my mean- 
 ing when I said that this man may be taken as being quite on 
 the same intellectual plane as myself. You do not imagine 
 that if I were the pursuer I should allow myself to be baffled 
 by so slight an obstacle. Why, then, should you think so 
 meanly of him ?" 
 " What will he do ?" 
 " What I should do." 
 " What would you do, then ?" 
 " Engage a special." 
 " But it must be late." 
 
 " By no means. This train stops at Canterbury ; and there 
 is always at least a quarter of an hour's delay at the boat. 
 He will catch us there." 
 
 "One would think that we were the criminals. Let us 
 have him arrested on his arrival." 
 
 " It would be to ruin the work of three months. We should 
 get the big fish, but the smaller would dart right and left out 
 of the net. On Monday we should have them all. No, an ar- 
 rest is inadmissible." 
 "What then?" 
 
 " We shall get out at Canterbury." 
 "And then?" 
 
 " Well, then we must make a cross-country journey to New- 
 haven, and so over to Dieppe. Moriarty will again do what 
 I should do. He will get on to Paris, mark down our lug- 
 gage, and wait for two days at the depot. In the meantime 
 we shall treat ourselves to a couple of carpet-bags, encourage
 
 f52 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 the manufactures of the countries througV which we travel, 
 and make our way at our leisure into Switzerland, via Luxem- 
 bourg and Easle." 
 
 At Canterbury, therefore, we alighted, only to find that we 
 should have to wait an hour before we could get a train to 
 Newhaven. 
 
 I was still looking rather ruefully after the rapidly disap- 
 pearing luggage- van which contained my wardrobe, when 
 Holmes pulled my sleeve and pointed up the line. 
 
 " Already, you see," said he. 
 
 Far away, from among the Kentish woods there rose a thin 
 spray of smoke. A minute later a carriage and engine could 
 be seen flying along the open curve which leads to the station. 
 We had hardly time to take our place behind a pile of luggage 
 when it passed with a rattle and a roar, beating a blast of hot 
 air into our faces. 
 
 " There he goes," said Holmes, as we watched the carriage 
 swing and rock over the points. " There are limits, you see, to 
 our friend's intelligence. It would have been a coup-de-maitre 
 had he deduced what I would deduce and acted accordingly." 
 
 " And what would he have done had he overtaken us ?" 
 
 " There cannot be the least doubt that he would have made 
 a murderous attack upon me. It is, however, a game at which 
 two may play. The question now is whether we should take 
 a premature lunch here, or run our chance of starving before 
 we reach the buffet at Newhaven." 
 
 We made our way to Brussels that night and spent two days 
 there, moving on upon the third day as far as Strasburg. On 
 the Monday morning Holmes had telegraphed to the London 
 police, and in the evening we found a reply waiting for us at 
 our hotel. Holmes tore it open, and then with a bitter curse 
 hurled it into the grate. 
 
 " I might have known it 1" he groaned. " He has es- 
 caped !" 
 
 " Moriarty ?"
 
 . THE FINAL PROBLEM 253 
 
 " They have secured the whole gang with the exception ot 
 him. He has given them the slip. Of course, when I had 
 /eft the country there was no one to cops with him. But I 
 did think that I had put the game in their hands. I think 
 that you had better return to England, Watson." 
 
 " Why ?" 
 
 " Because you will find me a dangerous companion now. 
 This man's occupation is gone. He is lost it he returns to 
 London. If I read his character right he will devote his 
 whole energies to revenging himself upon me. He said as 
 much in our short interview, and I fancy that he meant it. I 
 should certainly recommend you to return to your practice." 
 
 It was hardly an appeal to be successful with one who was 
 an old campaigner as well as an old friend. We sat in the 
 Strasburg sallc-H manger arguing the question for half an hour 
 but the same night we had resumed our journey and were 
 well on our way to Geneva. 
 
 For a charming week we wandered up the Valley of the 
 Rhone, and then, branching off at Leuk, we made our way 
 over the Gemmi Pass, still deep in snow, and so, by way of 
 Interl iken, to Meiringen. It was a lovely trip, the dainty 
 green of the spring below, the virgin white of the winter 
 above ; but it was clear to me that never for one instant did 
 Holmes forget the shadow which lay across him. In the 
 homely Alpine villages or in the lonely mountain passes, I 
 could still tell by his quick glancing eyes and his sharp scru- 
 tiny of every face that passed us, that he was well convinced 
 that, walk where we would, we could not walk ourselves clear 
 of the danger which was dogging our footsteps. 
 
 Once, I remember, as we passed over the Gemmi, and 
 walked along the border of the melancholy Daubensee, a 
 large rock which had been dislodged from the ridge upon our 
 right clattered down and roared into the lake behind us. In 
 an instant Holmes had raced up on to the ridge, and, stand- 
 ing upon a lofty pinnacle, craned his neck in every direction, 
 it was in vain that our guide assured him that a fall of stones
 
 *54 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 was a common chance in the spring-time at that spot. He 
 said nothing, but he smiled at me with the air of a man who 
 sees the fulfilment of that which he had expected. 
 
 And yet for all his watchfulness he was never depressed. 
 On the contrary, 1 can never recollect having seen him in 
 such exuberant spirits. Again and again he recurred to the 
 fact that if he could be assured that society was freed from 
 Professor Moriarty he would cheerfully bring his own career 
 to a conclusion. 
 
 " I think that I may go so far as to say, Watson,.that I have 
 not lived wholly in vain," he remarked. " If my record were 
 closed to-night I could still survey it with equanimity. The 
 air of London is the sweeter for my presence. In over a 
 thousand cases I am not aware that I have ever used my 
 powers upon the wrong side. Of late I have been tempted 
 to look into the problems furnished by nature rather than 
 those more superficial ones for which our artificial state of 
 fociety is responsible. Your memoirs will draw to an end, 
 Watson, upon the day that I crown my career by the capture 
 or extinction of the most dangerous and capable criminal in 
 Europe." 
 
 I shall be brief, and yet exact, in the little which remains 
 for me to tell. It is not a subject on which I would willingly 
 dwell, and yet I am conscious that a duty devolves upon me 
 to omit no detail. 
 
 It was on the 3d of May that we reached the little village 
 of Meiringen, where we put up at the Englischer Hof, then 
 kept by Peter Steiler the elder. Our landlord was an intelli- 
 gent man, and spoke excellent English, having served for 
 three years as waiter at the Grosvenor Hotel in London. At 
 his advice, on the afternoon of the 4th we set off together, 
 with the intention of crossing the hills and spending the night 
 at the hamlet of Rosenlaui. We had strict injunctions, how- 
 ever, on no account to pass the falls of Reichenbach, which 
 are about half-way up the hill, without making a small detour 
 to see them.
 
 THE FINAL PROBLEM 255 
 
 It is, indeed, a fearful place. The torrent, swollen by the 
 melting snow, plunges into a tremendous abyss, from which 
 the spray rolls up like the smoke from a burning house. The 
 shaft into which the river hurls itself is an immense chasm, 
 lined by glistening coal-black rock, and narrowing into a 
 creaming, boiling pit of incalculable depth, which brims over 
 and shoots the stream onward over its jagged lip. The long 
 sweep of green water roaring forever down, and the thick 
 flickering curtain of spray hissing forever upward, turn a man 
 giddy with their constant whirl and clamor. We stood near 
 the edge peering down at the gleam of the breaking water far 
 below us against the black rocks, and listening to the half- 
 human shout which came booming up with the spray out of 
 the abyss. 
 
 The path has been cut half-way round the fall to afford a 
 complete view, but it ends abruptly, and the traveller has to 
 return as he came. We had turned to do so, when we saw a 
 Swiss lad come running along it with a letter in his hand. 
 It bore the mark of the hotel which we had just left, and was 
 addressed to me by the landlord. It appeared that within a 
 very few minutes of our leaving, an English lady had arrived 
 who was in the last stage of consumption. She had wintered 
 at Davos Platz, and was journeying now to join her friends at 
 Lucerne, when a sudden hemorrhage had overtaken her. It 
 was thought that she could hardly live a few hours, but it 
 would be a great consolation to her to see an English doc- 
 tor, and, if I would only return, etc. The good Steiler as- 
 sured me in a postscript that he would himself look upon my 
 compliance as a very great favor, since the lady absolutely 
 refused to see a Swiss physician, and he could not but feel 
 that he was incurring a great responsibility. 
 
 The appeal was one which could not be ignored. It was 
 impossible to refuse the request of a fellow-countrywoman 
 dying in a strange land. Yet I had my scruples about leav- 
 ing Holmes. It was finally agreed, however, that he should 
 retain the young Swiss messenger with him as guide and com-
 
 2g6 MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES 
 
 panion while I returned to Meiringen. My friend would stay 
 some little time at the fall, he said, and would then walk 
 slowly over the hill to Rosenlaui, where I was to rejoin him 
 in the evening. As I turned away I saw Holmes, with his 
 back against a rock and his arms folded, gazing down at the 
 rush of the waters. It was the last that I was ever destined 
 to see of him in this world. 
 
 When I was near the bottom of the descent I looked back. 
 It was impossible, from that position, to see the fall, but I 
 could see the curving path which winds over the shoulder of 
 the hill and leads to it. Along this a man was, I remember, 
 walking very rapidly. 
 
 I could see his black figure clearly outlined against the 
 green behind him. I noted him, and the energy with which 
 he walked, but he passed from my mind again as I hurried on 
 upon my errand. 
 
 It may have been a little over an hour before I reached 
 Meiringen. Old Steiler was standing at the porch of his 
 hotel. 
 
 " Well," said I, as I came hurrying up, " I trust that she is 
 no worse ?" 
 
 A look of surprise passed over his face, and at the first 
 quiver of his eyebrows my heart turned to lead in my breast. 
 
 " You did not write this ?" I said, pulling the letter from 
 my pocket. " There is no sick Englishwoman in the hotel ?" 
 
 " Certainly not ! " he cried. " But it has the hotel mark 
 upon it ! Ha, it must have been written by that tall English- 
 man who came in after you had gone. He said " 
 
 But I waited for none of the landlord's explanations. In a 
 tingle of fear I was already running down the village street, 
 and making Tor the path which I had so lately descended. It 
 had taken me an hour to come down. For all my efforts 
 two more had passed before I found myself at the fall of 
 Reichenbach once more. There was Holmes's Alpine-stock 
 still leaning against the rock by which I had left him. But 
 there was no sign of him, and it was in vain that I shouted.
 
 THE FINAL PROBLEM 257 
 
 My only answer was my own voice reverberating in a rolling 
 echo from the cliffs around me. 
 
 . It was the sight of that Alpine-stock which turned me cc Id 
 and sick. He had not gone to Rosenlaui, then. He had re- 
 mained on that three-foot path, with sheer wall on one side 
 and sheer drop on the other, until his enemy had overtaken 
 him. The young Swiss had gone too. He had probably 
 been in the pay of Moriarty, and had left the two men 
 together. And then what had happened ? Who was to tell 
 us what had happened then ? 
 
 I stood for a minute or two to collect mysalf, for I was 
 dazed with the horror of the thing. Then I began to think 
 of Holmes's own methods and to try to practise them in read- 
 ing this tragedy. It was, alas, only too easy to do. During 
 our conversation we had not gone to the end of the path, and 
 the Alpine-stock marked the place where we had stood. The 
 blackish soil is kept forever soft by the incessant drift of 
 spray, and a bird would leave its tread upon it. Two lines of 
 footmarks were clearly marked along the farther end of the 
 path, both leading away from me. There were none return- 
 ing. A few yards from the end the soil was all ploughed up 
 into a patch of mud, and the brambles and ferns which fringed 
 the chasm were torn and bedraggled. I lay upon my face and 
 peered over with the spray spouting up all around me. It had 
 darkened since I left, and now I could only see here and there 
 the glistening of moisture upon the black walls, and far away 
 down at the end of the shaft the gleam of the broken water. 
 I shouted ; but only that same half-human cry of the fall was 
 borne back to my ears. 
 
 But it was destined that I should after all have a last word 
 of greeting from my friend and comrade. I have said that his 
 Alpine-stock had been left leaning against a rock which jutted 
 on to the path. From the top of this bowlder the gleam of 
 something bright caught my eye, and, raising my hand. I 
 found that it came from the silver cigarette-case which he used 
 to carry. As I took it up a small square of paper upon which it
 
 258 MEMOIRS OF SHKRirOCK HOLMES 
 
 had lain fluttered down on to the ground Unfolding it, I found 
 that it consisted of three pages torn from his note-book and 
 addressed to me. It was characteristic of the man that the 
 direction was as precise, and the writing as firm and clear, as 
 though it had been written in his study. 
 
 " My dear Watson," it said, " I write these few lines through 
 the courtesy of Mr. Moriarty, who awaits my convenience for 
 the final discussion of those questions which lie between us. 
 He has been giving me a sketch of the methods by which he 
 avoided the English police and kept himself informed of our 
 movements. They certainly confirm the very high opinion 
 which I had formed of his abilities. I am pleased to think 
 that I shall be able to free society from any further effects of 
 his presence, though I fear that it is at a cost which will give 
 pain to my friends, and especially, my dear Watson, to you. 
 I have already explained to you, however, that my career had 
 in any case reached its crisis, and that no possible conclusion 
 to it could be more congenial to me than this. Indeed, if I 
 may make a full confession to you, I was quite convinced that 
 the letter from Meiringen was a hoax, and I allowed you to 
 depart on that errand under the persuasion that some develop- 
 ment of this sort would follow. Tell Inspector Patterson that 
 the papers which he needs to convict the gang are in pigeon- 
 hole M., done up in a blue envelope and inscribed ' Moriarty.* 
 1 made every disposition of my property before leaving Eng- 
 land, and handed it to my brother Mycroft. Pray give my 
 greetings to Mrs. Watson, and believe me to be, my dear 
 fellow, Very sincerely yours, 
 
 "SHERLOCK HOLMES." 
 
 A few words may suffice to tell the little that remains. An 
 examination by experts leaves little doubt that a personal con- 
 test between the two men ended, as it could hardly fail to end 
 in such a situation, in their reeling over, locked in each other's 
 arms. Any attempt at recovering the bodies was absolutely
 
 THE FINAL PROBLEM 2 59 
 
 aopeless, and there, deep down in that dreadful caldron of 
 swirling water and seething foam, will lie for all time the most 
 dangerous criminal and the foremost champion of the law of 
 their generation. The Swiss youth was never found again, 
 and there can be no doubt that he was one of the numerous 
 agents whom Moriarty kept in his employ. As to the gang, it 
 will be within the memory of the public how completely the 
 evidence which Holmes had accumulated exposed their organ- 
 ization, and how heavily the hand of the dead man weighed 
 upon them. Of their terrible chief few details came out dur- 
 ing the proceedings, and if I have now been compelled to make 
 a clear statement of his career, it is due to those injudicious 
 champions who have endeavored to clear his memory by 
 attacks upon him whom I shall ever regard as the best and the 
 wisest man whom I have ever known. 
 
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