AN OUTLINE OF THE 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 PROMOTION OF HELLENIC STUDIES 
 
 1879-1904 
 
 ^ 
 
 BY 
 
 GEOEGE A. MACMILLAN, D.Litt, 
 
 HON. SECRETARY. 
 
 

(:. 
 
 
 AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE HELLENIC SOCIETY 
 
 LS79-11)04. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 THE FOUNDATION OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 Twenty-five years is not a very long period in the life of a Society, but 
 the conclusion of the first quarter of a century since its foundation seems 
 nevertheless to mark a point from which it is convenient to look back and 
 as it were to take stock of the work that has been accomplished, and perhaps 
 to draw some general conclusions which may serve as a guide for future 
 development. And if, as is happily the case with our Society, there has 
 been steady progress both in numbers and efficiency, it is interesting and 
 encouraging to mark the stages of that progress, and it is well to record, in 
 the first instance, how the Society came into existence. In tracing the 
 preliminary steps, historical accuracy compels me to adopt a somewhat 
 personal tone, but I will tell this part of the story as briefly as possible. 
 
 In the spring of 1877 I made my first visit to Greece, in company with 
 Professor Mahafty and two other friends, having to some extent prepared 
 myself by reading and by visits to the British Museum, where I became 
 actiuainted with Mr. Newton, then Keeper of Greek and Roman Anti([uities. 
 This memorable journey laid the foundation of my keen interest in Greek 
 archaeology. After my return I made the acquaintance of Mr. John 
 Genuadius, then Charge d'Affaires, and afterwards Minister, for Greece in 
 this country. It was from him that I first heard of the French Association 
 l)our VencQurarjemcnt cles dtudes Grecques, of which I became a life member. 
 The idea naturally arose, and was constantly discussed between us, that a 
 similar society might with advantage be founded in England. I had 
 however at that time but a limited acquaintance with English scholars, 
 
and though I never lost sight of the idea I did not see my way to carry it 
 out. In the autumn of 1878 I paid a visit to Professor Mahaffy in Dublin, 
 and there made the acquaintance of Professor Sayce. He had then already 
 visited Greece more than once, and when I broached to him the idea of 
 founding an English Hellenic Society he took it up with enthusiasm. 
 During the next few months we met frequently in Oxford and in London, and 
 gradually got the scheme into something like working order. We ultimately 
 drew up a series of objects which the Society should set itself to carry out, 
 and though these were modified later on, as other counsellors were called 
 in, it may be of interest to put these first rough ideas on record. The objects 
 were these : 
 
 " (1) To afford means of publishing copies and photographs of 
 Greek inscriptions and monuments of all kinds. 
 
 (2) To be a medium for the publication of Memoirs on all things 
 Greek, both ancient and modern. 
 
 (3) To promote the study of the ancient and modern Greek 
 language and literature. 
 
 (4) To be en rapport with the Archaeological Society of Athens, 
 the ' Association pour 1' encouragement des etudes Grecques en France,' 
 and other similar Societies throughout Europe and America. 
 
 (5) To establish an agency at Athens through which members 
 may obtain photographs of Greek sites and monuments, and all 
 necessary guidance and information when travelling in Greece." 
 
 Having drawn up this sufficiently comprehensive scheme the next 
 question was to obtain supporters, and as it seemed likely to commend itself 
 specially to those who had actually visited Greece we determined to make as 
 complete a list as possible of such persons, and to approach them in the first 
 instance. I still possess a copy of the list from which we worked, and find 
 that it contains about 120 names. In the spring of 1879 I visited Professor 
 Sayce at Oxford, and we then divided the list between us and shortly after- 
 wards wrote, with a copy of the ' objects,' to everyone on the list, inviting 
 them to join the proposed Society. It was stated that 'the Society is to 
 consist originally only of those who have been in Greece, but when it is once 
 constituted, the Committee will have power to elect such other persons as are 
 interested in its objects, no limit being placed to the number ' of members. 
 The subscription suggested was one guinea per annum. 
 
 The first letters were sent out towards the end of March, and by the 
 end of April the number of acceptances, in most cases enthusiastic, had put 
 the success of the venture beyond a doubt. Indeed the welcome given to 
 the proposal was all but unanimous. Among the first accessions may be 
 mentioned Mr. (afterwards Sir) Charles Newton, Professor Jebb, Mr. Arthur 
 Balfour, Mr. James Bryce, Dr. Butler of Harrow, Dean Church, the Earl of 
 Morley, Mr. Penrose, Mr. E. A. Freeman, Mr. Percy Gardner, Sir John 
 
 I 
 
Lubbock (now Lord Avebury), Mr. D. B. ]\loiiro (now Provost of Oriol), Dean 
 Stanley, Dr. Thompson (Master of Trinity), Dr. Wordsworth (Bishop of 
 Lincoln), Dr. Ridding (now Bishop of Southwell), Rev. Professor Fowler (now 
 President of Corpus), Mr. Sidney Colvin, Professor Blackie, Mr. W. J. 
 Stillman, Professor A. W. Ward (now Master of Peterhouse), Dean Liddell, 
 the Duke of Argyll, Sir Henry Thompson, Dr. Schliemann, Mr. J. T. Wood, 
 Sir Charles Dilke, Mr. Gennadius, Professor Mahaffy, Professor Rollcston, 
 ^\v. Ernest Myers, Mr. H. F. Tozer, and Mr. (now Sir) Edgar Vincent. 
 
 In the course of May various conferences took place in which Mr. Newton, 
 Professor Jebb, Professor Sayce, Mr. Colvin, Mr. Gennadius, Mr. Percy 
 Gar dner and others took an active part, and eventually arrangements were 
 made for an Inaugural Meeting, which was held at Freemasons' Tavern on 
 June 16th. Mr. Newton presided, and his opening address on 'Hellenic 
 Studies ' was afterwards printed in the first number of the Journal of Hellenic 
 Studies. The Resolution constituting the Society was jiroposed by Lord Morley 
 and seconded by Dr. William Smith. Other Resolutions were spoken to, and 
 speeches made on various branches of work which lay open to the Society, by 
 the Master of Trinity, Professor Jebb, Professor Sayce, Professor Colvin, Mr. E. 
 Maunde Thompson, Mr. W. C. Perry, Mr. Penrose, Mr. Pandeli Ralli, 
 Mr. R. W. Macan, Mr. Percy Gardner, Mr. Gennadius, and Mr. E. A. Freeman. 
 Among others present at the meeting were Mr. A. J. Balfour, Mr. G. W. 
 Balfour, Dr. T. Lauder Brunton, the Hon. J. Abercromby, Mr, R. Hamilton 
 Lang, Rev. E. M. Geldart, Mr. Alexander Macmillan, and Mr. F. W. Percival. 
 Before this meeting 112 members had joined the S ociety, and have since been 
 distinguished in the list of members by an asterisk as origin al members. 
 Only twenty-seven of these now survive. At the meeting fifty more members 
 were elected, and a Committee was appointed with powers to admit further 
 members ; to draw up Rules for the management of the Society, to be 
 submitted to members at a subsequent meeting ; and also to pr epare a 
 scheme of work to be undertaken by the Society. 
 
 This Committee, and its sections, held frequent meetnigs in the course of 
 the ensuing autumn and winter; and finally another general meeting of 
 members was held in the rooms of the Royal Literary Fund in Adelphi 
 Terrace on January 22nd, 1880. Mr. Newton, who had presided at all the 
 meetings of Committee, was again in the Chair. The Rules drawn up by the 
 Committee were approved. The officers and Council were duly appointed, 
 and it seems fitting to record here the names of the first governing body 
 of the Society. 
 
 President. 
 Tlie Right Rev. The Bishop of Durham. 
 
 The Earl of Morley. 
 
 ilr. Justice Bowen. 
 
 Very Rev. The Dean of St. P 
 
 Mr. Gennadius. 
 
 :\Ir. C. T. Newton, C.B. 
 
 :Mr. E. M. Thompson. 
 
 Vice-Pkesidexts. 
 
 The Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 
 Prof. Sidney Colvin. 
 
 Prof. T. K. Ingram. 
 
 Prof. R. C. Jebb, LL.D. 
 
 Rev. Prof. A. H. Sayce. 
 
 Rev. H. F. Tozer. 
 
Council. 
 
 Eight Rev. The Bishop of Lincoln. 
 
 Very Rev. The Dean of "Westminster. 
 
 Very Rev. The Dean of Christchurch. 
 
 The Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford. 
 
 Sir Charles Dilke, Bart., M.P. 
 
 Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., Treasurer. 
 
 Professor Bryce, D.C.L., M.P. 
 
 Professor Percy Gardner. 
 
 Rev. Professor Hort, D. D. 
 
 Rev. Professor Kennedy, D.D. 
 
 Professor Mahafty. 
 
 Professor Bonamy Price. 
 
 Professor H. J. S. Smith. 
 
 Professor Tyrrell. 
 
 Mr. A.J. Balfonr, M.P. 
 
 ilr. Oscar Browning. 
 
 ilr. Ingram By water. 
 
 Rev. W. W. Capes. 
 
 Mr. H. 0. Coxe. 
 
 ilr. Chenery. 
 
 Mr. E. A. Freeman, D.C.L. 
 
 Mr. George A. Macmillan, Hon. Sec. 
 
 Jlr. D. B. Monro. 
 
 Mr. J. Cotter Morisou. 
 
 Mr. Ernest Myers. 
 
 Mr. H. F. Pelhara. 
 
 Mr. F. C. Penrose. 
 
 Mr. Walter Perry. 
 
 Mr. J. A. Symonds. 
 
 Mr. Oscar AVilde. 
 
 The objects of the Society were defined in the words which still stand at 
 the head of the Eules. 
 
 It had been the general wish of the Committee that Mr. Newton, who 
 had taken so prominent a part in forming the Society and settling its line of 
 action, should allow himself to be nominated as the first President. As how- 
 ever he declined to take the office, the appointment at his suggestion of so 
 eminent a scholar as Bishop Lightfoot gave general satisfaction. The 
 minutes of the Society shew nevertheless that for the first five or six years 
 Sir diaries Newton almost invariably presided both at meetings of Council 
 and at general meetings of the Society, and I think it would be impossible 
 to exaggerate the debt which the Society owes to his constant interest, his 
 sound judgment, and his Avide experience. 
 
 It was from the first intended that the Society should as soon as 
 possible have its organ, for the publication of memoirs in the various 
 branches of Hellenic research, and at the meeting on January 22nd, 1880, 
 some hope Avas held out that a start might be made before the end of that 
 year. One of the first tasks therefore to which the Council, and the 
 standing Committee ^ which was in the first instance appointed for 
 executive business, now set themselves, was to make arrangements for the 
 conduct of the proposed Joitriial of Hellenic Studies. In the end an 
 Editorial Committee was appointed consisting of Professor Hort, Professor 
 Jebb, Mr. (afterwards Professor) Bywater, and Professor Percy Gardner. 
 The first number of the Journal, which consisted of a complete volume in 
 8vo. with a Portfolio of Plates, Avas issued in 1880. It was arranged that 
 thereafter two half-yearly Parts should be issued, and this practice has, Avith 
 
 ^ This standing Committee consisted of the 
 Bishop of Durham (President), Sir John 
 Lubbock (Treasurer), Jlr. Newton, Jlr. Genua- 
 dius, Mr. E. M. Thompson, Mr. Colvin, Prof. 
 Sayce, Mr. D. B. Jlonro, Mr. J. Cotter 
 Morison, Mr. Ernest Myers, Prof. Percy 
 Gardner, and Mr. Macmillan (Hon. Sec). After 
 
 rather more than a year's trial it was considered 
 more convenient that the ordinary business 
 of the Society should be transacted by the 
 Council, and the last meeting of this standing 
 Committee was held on April 12th, ISSl. It 
 was formal) V dissolved in 1SS2. 
 
rare exceptions, been maintained to the present day. In his opening address, 
 which was reprinted in this first vohune of the Journal, Mr. Newton 
 expressed the hope that ' if such a Journal were once begun it will be 
 vigorously maintained and nourished, and not allowed to dwindle away into 
 atrophy, as has been the fate of so many learned periodicals in this country, 
 though undertaken under promising auspices.' Looking back over the 
 quarter of a century which has elapsed since this warning Avas yttered, 
 the Society may fairly congratulate itself on the successive appear- 
 ance of twenty-three volumes of the Journal, and of four supplementary 
 Papers, which in the abundance of the valuable contributions they contain to 
 all departments of Hellenic study and in the number and quality of the 
 illustrations which have accompanied the letter-press, may safely challenge 
 comparison with the publications of any other learned society in the 
 world. 
 
 Another matter which early engaged the attention of the Council was 
 the selection of rooms where both the Council and the general body of 
 members could hold meetings. The choice fell upon the rooms of the Royal 
 Asiatic Society at 22, Albemarle Street, and by June, 1880, arrangements 
 had been made whereby the general meetings of the Society could be held in 
 these rooms, while the Society was also to have the partial use of a small 
 room as a library. Steps were then immediately taken to purchase complete 
 sets of some of the leading archaeological periodicals and other books of 
 reference, and as soon as the Society's Journal appeared an exchange was 
 arranged between it and other periodicals of the kind, so that members 
 might have the advantage of seeing the current numbers. By February, 
 18S1, a bookcase was procured, and Mr. Ernest Myers provisionally under- 
 took the office of Librarian, but it was not until November, 1881, that a 
 Library Committee was formed and the first Rules drawn up for the use 
 of the Library by members. Mr. Vaux, the Secretary of the Royal Asiatic 
 Society, was then appointed Librarian. 
 
 The first General Meeting of the Society was held on February 24th, 
 1881, and the first Annual Meeting on June IGth, the anniversary of the 
 Liaugural Meeting of the previous year. 
 
 Having thus traced the origin of the Society and the steps taken to 
 establish it on a working basis, it seems convenient to record its subsequent 
 action under heads corresponding to the main departments of its work. The 
 following suggest themselves, viz. Administration including Finance, Publica- 
 tions, Excavation and Exploration, The Library and Photographic Collections, 
 General Meetings, Honorary Members, Relations with other Societies and 
 Public Bodies. 
 
 ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE. 
 
 The names of the first Council and Officers have already been given. 
 Naturally, changes have taken place in this body year by year, as members 
 have been lost by death or from inability to attend the meetings of the 
 
6 
 
 Council, which have as a rule been held about once a month. The Society 
 has been fortunate in securing on its governing body from time to time the 
 services of most of the leading Greek scholars and archaeologists in the 
 country, and has thus been able to keep in touch with, and to take a leading 
 part in promoting, the development of research in all departments of 
 Hellenic Study. As already indicated, the main direction of the Society ^has 
 remained in the hands of its Council, but special departments have been 
 entrusted to such standing Committees as those which control the publication 
 of the Journal, and the Library and Photographic Collection, while Com- 
 mittees have from time to time been appointed to report upon or to carry 
 out particular schemes which have been laid before the Council. 
 
 Of the important work done by the Editorial and Library Committees 
 an account will be given later on. 
 
 The first President of the Society, Bishop Lightfoot, held ofiice until 
 his death in 1890, though he was only once able to preside at an Annual 
 Meeting. Sir Charles Newton acted as President until the Annual Meeting 
 of that year, but as he was still unwilling to take the post permanently, 
 Professor (now Sir Richard) Jebb was then appointed, and still happily holds 
 office. His admirable addresses on the literary and archaeological events of 
 the year have been a striking feature at the Annual Meetings. 
 
 In 1888 the first Treasurer, Sir John Lubbock, being unable to take an 
 active part in the management of the finances of the Society, resigned and 
 was succeeded by Mr. J. B. Martin, who held office to the great advantage of 
 the Society until his death in 1897, when he was succeeded by Mr. Douglas 
 Freshfield, the present Hon. Treasurer. 
 
 The post of Hon. Secretary has been occupied by Mr. George Macmillan 
 since the foundation of the Society, and Mr. William Riseley acted as 
 Assistant Secretary from 1880 until his death in the autumn of 1903. 
 Within the last few months the present Librarian of the Society has also 
 been appointed its Secretary at a salary of £80 a year, ]\lr. Macmillan still 
 retaining the office of Hon. Secretary. 
 
 FINANCE. 
 
 The policy of the Society has been to treat its Life Subscriptions (which 
 were in the first instance fixed at £10 10s. and a few years later raised to 
 £15 15s.) as capital, and up to this date £1263 have been invested. Of late 
 years the increasing claims made upon the resources of the Society have 
 made it difficult to pursue this policy consistently, but in view of the fact that 
 considerable sums have been spent on publications which belong to the 
 Society, and ou the purchase of books for the Library, so that in either case 
 there is a substantial asset to shew for the outlay, the financial position of 
 the Society may be regarded as satisfactory. Moreover, the death of a good 
 many life members has relieved the Society of further obligations in their 
 case. Its revenue has risen, as the membership has increased, from about 
 
£700 in 1880 to £1350 in the year just ended, but its expenditure has 
 risen in proportion, the policy of the Council having always been to devote 
 all available funds to the objects which the Society was founded to promote. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Reference has already been made to the establishment of the Journal of 
 Hellenic Studies. This, as the regular organ of the Society, has always been 
 regarded as one of its principal objects, and its successive volumes represent a 
 large part, though not the whole, of what the Society has done to promote 
 Hellenic research. The constant references to its pages which occur in all 
 modern works on classical archaeology, whether English or foreign, are 
 sufficient evidence of the part it has played in that field, while in literature 
 and history also notable contributions have appeared. It seems needless to 
 attempt any summary of the contents of a periodical so well known, but a 
 few papers may be mentioned as typical, and I have chosen them from the 
 earlier volumes because they will be less famihar to the present body of 
 members. Thus, in glancing through the Index to the first eight volumes 
 one is reminded of Dr. Schliemann's account of the exploration of the 
 Boeotian Orchomenus, Mr. Colvin's papers on Centaurs in Greek Vase- 
 painting and on the Amazon Sarcophagus of Corneto, with its beautiful 
 reproductions of Greek paintings, the Numismatic Commentary on Pausanias 
 contributed by Dr. Imhoof-Blumer and Prof. Percy Gardner, Prof. Jebb's article 
 on Delos, in connexion with the French excavations, and his Essay on Pindar, 
 numerous papers by Prof. W. M. Ramsay resulting from his work in Asia 
 Minor, Dr. Farnell's series of papers on the Pergamene Frieze, in its 
 relation to Literature and Tradition, Mr. George Dennis' paper on two 
 Archaic Greek Sarcophagi, Prof. Bury's two papers on the Lombards and 
 Venetians in Euboea, Dr. Verrall's on the Ionic elements in Attic Tragedy, 
 Dr. Waldstein's treatise on Pythagoras of Rhegion and the Early Atlilete 
 Statues, Prof. Michaelis' sui3plementary account of Ancient Marbles in Great 
 Britain, Mr. Arthur Evans' paper on Tarentnie Terracottas, besides numerous 
 contributions from Dr. A. S. Murray, Mr. Cecil Smith, Mr. A. H. Smith, 
 Miss Harrison, Prof. Ernest Gardner, and others who have remained steady 
 supporters of the Journal. In the later volumes will be found many articles 
 resulting from the work of the Asia Minor Exploration Fund, the British 
 School at Athens, the Cyprus Exploration Fund, and more recently the 
 Cretan Exploration Fund, besides reports from many other explorers, such as 
 Mr. Bent, Mr. W. R. Baton, and Mr. Hogarth, to whom grants have been made. 
 Meanwhile new vases and other works of art in the British Museum or 
 elsewhere have been constantly published, and new problems in Greek art 
 and literature and history have been dealt with by the writers already named, 
 and by others such as Prof. Ridgeway, Mr. G. B. Grundy, Mr. Stuart Jones, 
 Mrs. Strong, Mr. F. B. Jevons, Canon E. L. Hicks, Mr. Penrose, Mr. G. F. 
 Hill, Mr. R. C. Bosanquet, etc. It is noticeable too that, besides those 
 already named, contributions have been received also from other foreign 
 
 B 
 
8 
 
 scholars, such as J. Six, A. Furtwiingler, Carl Robert, George Karo, P. 
 Perdrizet, and P. Kavvadias, the last of whom kindly sent an early account, 
 with photographs, of the bronze and other figures recovered from the sea 
 off the island of Cythera. An Index to the contents of Volumes IX. — XVI. 
 was issued in 1896. 
 
 After this brief reference to the contents of the Journal it seems joroper 
 to put on record the arrangements which have from time to time been made 
 for its condu(;t. The names of the first Editors have already been given. 
 Of these Mr. Gardner, then at the British Museum, Avas the working Editor, 
 his three colleagues at Oxford and Cambridge being consulted when 
 necessary. In view of the importance of the illustrations Mr. Colvin and 
 Mr. E. M. Thompson were shortly afterwards appointed to assist Mr. Gardner 
 in this department. This arrangement held good until 1892, when 
 Mr. Gardner, who was now resident in Oxford as Professor of Archaeology, 
 proposed the appointment of two colleagues resident in London and prepared 
 to take an active part in the conduct of the Journal. The proposal was 
 approved, and Mr. Walter Leaf and Mr. A. H. Smith were associated with 
 Mr. Gardner as the Editorial Committee, the former members of the Editorial 
 and Illustrations Committee (including the Director of the British School at 
 Athens, who had been appointed ex officio) constituting a Consultative 
 Committee in case of need. This arrangement has worked very well, and in 
 principle still remains in effect though changes have been made in 2^crsonnel. 
 Thus in 1897 Prof Percy Gardner, whose services had been devoted and 
 invaluable for seventeen years, resigned the Editorship and was succeeded by 
 Prof. Ernest Gardner. About a year later Mr. Leaf and Mr. A. H. Smith 
 also resigned, owing to the pressure of other engagements, and Mr. F. G. 
 Kenyon and Mr. G. F. Hill joined Prof. Ernest Gardner on the Committee. 
 It was at the same time decided to pay a salary of £50 a year (or £25 for 
 each part of the Jo2(r?iaZ) to Mr. Hill on the understanding that he would 
 assume the heaviest part of the Editorial duties. This arrangement is still 
 in force, and members do not need to be reminded of their obligations to the 
 present Editorial Committee. It should be added that when Messrs. Percy 
 Gardner, Walter Leaf, and A. H. Smith resigned their Editorial functions 
 the Council thought it right to make them Life Members of the Society 
 honoris causd as an acknowledgment of their great services to the Society. 
 
 Before leaving tlie subject of the Journal, something should be said of 
 certain changes which have been made in its form. In the first instance the 
 text was issued in demy 8vo, while the larger Plates appeared in a separate 
 Portfolio. This arrangement undoubtedly gave scope for fine illustrations on 
 a large scale, but it was found inconvenient by librarians and others who- 
 wished to bind the Journal for reference, and at the close of the eighth 
 volume it was decided to abolish the separate Portfolio, and to increase the 
 size of the Journal to imperial 8vo so that all Plates could be bound up 
 with the text. It was decided at the same time to introduce a biblio- 
 graphical supplement, with a record of the progress of discovery in Greek lands, 
 and such a supplement appeared in Volumes IX., X., and XL, but so much 
 
difficulty was found in securing contributors, even at a moderate remuneration, 
 that the supplement was dropped. It has recently been revived (with 
 Volume XXIII.), and it is hoped that this feature, which is undoubtedly 
 useful in calling the attention of members to the most important publications 
 in scholarship and archaeology, may remain a permanent part of the Journal. 
 
 In 1802 the Editors had to consider the publication of the results of 
 very important excavations undertaken by the members of the British School 
 at Athens on the site of Megalopolis. The amount of matter was sufficient 
 to fill a volume of the Journal, but some of the Plates were of such a 
 character that it was found necessary to adopt a larger size, and it was 
 accordingly decided to suspend the publication of the Journal for a year, and 
 to issue the report on Megalopolis to members as the first of a series of Supple- 
 mentary Papers, and some notes on certain Byzantine Churches in Asia Minor 
 by the Rev, A. C. Headlam were published in the same year as the second in 
 the series. In order to preserve continuity, the volume of the Journal which 
 appeared in 1893 was described as covering the two years 1892-3. In 1898^ 
 after the death of Professor J. H. Middleton his widow offered to the Society 
 for publication some drawings and notes which he had made of Monuments 
 on the Acropolis at Athens. It was decided to issue these as Supplementary 
 Papers No. III. The volume was edited by Prof. Ernest Gardner, and 
 the drawings were revised and brought up to date by Mr. T. D. Atkinson, who 
 was then in Athens as architectural student of the British School. Mrs. 
 Middleton contributed the sum of £40 to the cost of publication. On this 
 occasion a volume of the Journal (Vol. XX.) was issued to members in the 
 same year, but it was equal in size and cost only to a single part. 
 
 In October 1899 the question of publishing the results of the important 
 excavations by members of the British School at Athens on the site of 
 Phylakopi in the island of Melos was considered by the Council, and, in the 
 first instance, it was decided to follow the precedent in the case of Megalopolis 
 and to issue a Supplementary Paper to members in lieu of a volume of the 
 Journal. Objections, however, were urged to this course on the ground of the 
 inconvenience of suspending the publication of the Journal and thus postpon- 
 ing the issue of important papers. It was felt also that the Society was 
 hardly justified in assuming the whole cost of such extra publications out of 
 its ordinary revenue. The matter was referred to a special Committee, which 
 recommended that the ordinary issue of the Journal should not be interfered 
 with, but that the Report on Phylakopi should be issued to members at about 
 cost price, a higher price being charged to the general public. The volume 
 has recently been issued at 20s. to members and at 30s. to non-members, 
 and the result of the experiment is of great importance to the future action of 
 the Society. Such cases are certain to recur, and if by the sale of the volume 
 to members and others the Society can recover the greater part of its outlay 
 (amounting in the present instance to about £450) it need not hesitate to 
 incur a similar obligation in the future. Otherwise it may find itself obliged 
 to decline the publication of such memoirs, to the serious disadvantage of 
 archaeological research in this country. 
 
 B 2 
 
10 
 
 Besides the Journal and the Supplementary Papers, the Society has 
 made two important contributions to palaeography by publishing to sub- 
 scribers Facsimiles of the Laurentian Codex of Sophocles and the Codex 
 Venetus of Aristophanes. The publication of the Sophocles was proposed to 
 the Council in 1882 by Professor Jebb and Mr. E. Maunde Thompson. After 
 full consideration subscribers were invited at the rate of £6, and the response 
 being favourable the work was put in hand and the Facsimile appeared in 
 1885, with introductions by Professor Jebb and Mr. Thompson. A hundred 
 copies were issued and within a few years the whole issue was exhausted, 
 leaving a small balance in the hands of the Society. 
 
 Eighteen years later, in 1900, the Society was approached by Professor 
 J. W, White, President of the Archaeological Institute of America, with a 
 view to a Facsimile of the Codex Raveunas of Aristophanes being produced 
 at the joint cost of the two bodies. The idea of such cooperation was 
 heartily welcomed by the Council, and a Committee was appointed to consider 
 the matter. On the representation of certain scholars it was decided to take 
 the Codex Venetus for reproduction rather than the Ravennas, of which the 
 Scholia were already accessible in an English edition. A Joint Committee, 
 on which Professor White represented the American Institute, and 
 Sir Richard Jebb, Dr. Kenyon, and Mr. Macmillan the Hellenic Society, Avas 
 appointed to carry out the scheme, and the necessary permission having been 
 obtained from the authorities of the Marcian Library at Venice, subscribers 
 were invited at £6 and the work was put in hand. The Facsimile, with a 
 Palaeographical Introduction by Mr. T. W. Allen, and a Prefatory Note by 
 Professor White, was issued in 1903. Two hundred coiaies were issued, of 
 which about seventy remain. 
 
 In July 1897 Pr6fessor Lewis Campbell brought before the Council a 
 project for preparing a new Platonic Lexicon, and a special Committee was 
 appointed to consider the proposal. It was ultimately decided to make an 
 annual grant of £50 for three years towards the cost of production. The 
 publication of the Lexicon was undertaken by the Delegates of the Clarendon 
 Press. 
 
 EXPLORATION AND EXCAVATION. 
 
 THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS. 
 
 Among the first objects which the Society had in view were the 
 assistance and guidance of English travellers or students in Greece, and the 
 encouragement of exploration and excavation in Greek lands. The first step 
 taken in pursuance of the former object was to establish relations with the 
 Parnassos Society in Athens. Negotiations took place with this Society 
 towards the end of 1880, and an arrangement was made whereby members of 
 the Hellenic Society visiting Greece were to have the benefit of advice from 
 the Parnassos Society. In the course of 1881 the authorities of the French 
 School at Athens were approached on the question of admitting British 
 
<< 
 
 UN'-v 
 
 11 ;X 
 
 Students as members of the School. The overtures were received in a 
 friendly spirit, and M. Waddiugton and other French Scholars were of opinion 
 that the matter might be arranged, but in the end it was decided not to 
 proceed further, on the ground that such an arrangement might be pre- 
 judicial to the establishment of a British School in Athens. In the course of 
 1882 enquiries were made as to the possibility of forming a reference library 
 at the British Legation in Athens, but this also came to nothing as no room 
 was available. At about the same time the question of establishing a 
 British School was brought before the Council by Professor (now Sir Richard) 
 Jebb, who had already propounded the scheme in the ContemiJorary Review 
 for November, 1878. But the Council was not then disposed to take action. 
 In May 1883 the Fortnightly Revieiv published an article entitled ' A Plea 
 for a British Institute at Athens ' by Professor Jebb, who soon afterwards 
 informed the Council that there was a prospect of steps being taken to give 
 effect to the proposal. On June 25, 1883, the Prince of Wales presided over 
 a meeting at Marlborough House, to which upwards of forty statesmen and 
 scholars were invited, including Mr, Gladstone (then Prime Minister), Lord 
 Salisbury, the Duke of Devonshire, Lord Dufferin, Sir Frederic Leighton, 
 and Mr. Matthew Arnold. It was there resolved to establish a British 
 School of Archaeological and Classical Studies at Athens, and a General 
 Committee was constituted. This body presently appointed an Executive 
 Committee, of which Professor Jebb was the first honorary secretary, and 
 on which the Hellenic Society was also represented by Mr, Newton 
 and Mr. Macmillan (afterwards honorary secretary). In June 1885 an 
 application, bearing the signatures of the Bishop of Durham, Mr. Newton, 
 and Professor Jebb, was made to the Council for help towards the 
 endowment of the School. It was decided that as soon as the School was 
 in working order the sum of £100 should be granted annually for a 
 term of three years "provided that a total income of at least £300 be 
 assured to the School during the period from other sources." By the time 
 the School was opened in October 1886 this condition had been more than 
 fulfilled, and the first payment was made in February 1887. The grant has 
 been renewed for similar periods until now, and I think it will be generally 
 admitted that no more satisfactory use has been made of the Society's funds. 
 The connexion between the School and the Society has been in every sense 
 of value to both ; and the Society has in virtue of its grant had from the 
 outset a representative (Mr. Colvin) on the Managing Committee of the School. 
 It has also published in its Journal many articles resulting from the work of 
 the School, while the successive Directors of the School have served on the 
 Council and have from time to time addressed the Society upon the details of 
 its work. Moreover, the successive Hon. Secretaries of the School, Professor 
 Jebb, Mr. Macmillan, and Mr. Loring, have been members of the Council, 
 and the present Secretary, Mr. Baker-Penoyre, is also Secretary to the 
 Society. 
 
 I may add that when ia 1895 a memorial to the Treasury in favour of 
 a orrant of £500 being made to the School was signed bv the leading: 
 
12 
 
 scholars and learned bodies of the country, the Society joined in the appeal. 
 The petition was successful, and the grant was made for a period of five years 
 and afterwards renewed for a second term. The grant was publicly 
 announced at a meeting on behalf of the School which was called at St. 
 James's Palace by the Prince of Wales in July 1895, and which resulted in 
 further subscriptions and donations to a substantial amount. It was naturally 
 a great satisfaction to members of the Society that an undertaking in which 
 they had from the outset taken so much interest should thus be put upon a 
 sounder financial basis. One recent development of the work of the School 
 the publication of an Annual with archaeological articles by its members and 
 associates, was at first viewed with some apprehension on the ground 
 that it might interfere with the due supply of matter for the Journal of 
 Hellenic Studies. Happily these fears have not been realised, for although 
 the Annual has steadily grown in size and importance, the recent volumes of 
 the Jouriial have in no way suffered, and it is a clear gain to classical 
 archaeology that two such periodicals should flourish in this country. In the 
 interests of the School it is no less evident that the existence of an organ 
 under its own control, and supplied to its subscribers, is of the highest 
 importance. 
 
 In regard to exploration, the Council was approached in July 1881 by 
 Mr. W. M. Ramsay, of Exeter College, Oxford, for support in aid of a journey 
 which he proposed to make for archaeological pin-poses in Asia Minor. In 
 the end a special fund of £150 was raised to meet the expenses of a draughts- 
 man to accompany Mr. Ramsay in his expedition. Mr. A. C. Blunt was 
 selected, and the expedition into Phrygia took place in the course of the 
 autumn. The results were published in the form of a paper by Mr. Ramsay, 
 which, under the title ' Studies in Asia Minor,' with numerous illustrations 
 from Mr. Blunt's drawings, appeared in Vol. III. of the Journal of Hellenic 
 Studies. The value of the paper justified the Council in contributing to 
 Mr. Ramsay's own expenses by making him a special grant of £50 for his 
 services to archaeology. In the course of 1882 Mr. Ramsay was appointed 
 to a research Fellowship at Exeter College on the understanding that 
 he would continue his work, and to enable him to do so a special fund, 
 * the Asia Minor Exploration Fund,' was instituted. This fund was 
 administered by a small Committee of Subscribers, and has continued 
 its operations at intervals to the present day. The Society authorised 
 an appeal on behalf of the Fund in 1883 and made a grant of £50 to 
 it in March 1884. Other grants amounting in the aggregate to £200 have 
 been made in subsequent years, and the results of the successive expeditions 
 have from time to time been published in the Society's Journal, in the form 
 of articles contributed by Professor Ramsay and his colleagues Mr. A. H. 
 Smith, Mr. Hogartli, Mr. J. A. R. Munro, Mr. J. G. C. Anderson, Mr. Cronin, 
 and Mr. J. L. Myres. It is interesting to record that early in 1882 it Avas 
 proposed by the President of the Evangelical School in Smyrna, supported 
 by two merchants of that city, that the Society should endeavour to procure 
 
13 
 
 a firman from the Ottoman Porte to excavate the site of Colophon. The 
 money was to be found by the proposers, but the Society was to have the 
 credit of the excavation, and the right of pubhshing the results, on the 
 understanding that any important objects found should be given to 
 the Museum of the Evangelical School. The question was carefully con- 
 sidered by a special Committee, but in the end it was decided not to entertain 
 the proposal, on the ground that the funds guaranteed were insufficient, and 
 that it wovdd be difficult for the Society to exercise adequate control over 
 the excavation. 
 
 Early in 1885 the Council was approached by the Committee of the 
 Egypt Exploration Fund for a grant in aid of excavations on the site of 
 Naucratis, on the ground that it was a Greek site. A grant of £oO was 
 made in the first year, when the excavations were under the charge of 
 Professor Flinders Petrie, and in the following year when Mr. Ernest Gardner 
 was in charge a further grant of £100 was made, A grant of £50 was also 
 made in 1885 to Mr. Theodore Bent for excavations in the island of Samos. 
 A terracotta mask found in the course of these excavations was presented 
 by Mr. Bent to the British Museum, 
 
 In 1886 a grant of £50 was made to Mr. Theodore Bent for excavations 
 in the island of Thasos, In the same year, the Society was approached by 
 Sir Henry Bulwer, the High Commissioner of Cyprus, and by Mr. Edward 
 Bond, Principal Librarian of the British Museum, on the subject of under- 
 taking systematic excavations in Cyprus. An appeal for funds was issued 
 in the name of the Society, and a special Committee was appointed by the 
 Society to carry out the scheme. In the end the Cyprus Exploration Fund 
 was established under the management of a Committee appointed by the 
 subscribers, and carried on successful campaigns for several years. The first 
 Hon. Sec. was Mr. Macmillan, who was afterwards succeeded by Mr. H, B. Smith. 
 Arrangements were made through the High Commissioner for obtaining the 
 necessary authority both to excavate and to export the objects found. The 
 most important of these went to the British Museum, and the remainder to the 
 Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge, the Ashmolean ]Museum at Oxford, and 
 other local museums. The Society made a grant of £150 to the Fund, and 
 the results of the first year's excavations, under the control of Messrs. Ernest 
 Gardner, D, G. Hogarth, and M. R. James, appeared in Vol. IX. of the 
 Journal. Other articles resulting from the operations of the Fund appeared 
 in subsequent volumes. 
 
 In 1892 the Society made a grant of £25 to Mr. Penrose for his work in 
 investigating the orientation of Greek temples, and supported a successful 
 application to the Royal Society for a grant of £100 towards the 
 same object. 
 
 In 1894 grants were made of £50 to the Asia Minor Exploration Fund, 
 of £25 to Mr. Baton for explorations in Caria, and of £100 towards excavations 
 to be undertaken on the site of Alexandria by Mr, Hogarth, under the 
 auspices of the Egypt Exploration Fund. The results at Alexandria were 
 very disappointing, and part of the Society's grant was returned, but by 
 
14 
 
 arrangement with the Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund copies of 
 Mr. Hogarth's Report were distributed to members. 
 
 Towards the end of 1895 a grant of £50 was made to Mr. Paton for 
 excavations near Budrum, but on his failing to secure the necessary- 
 permission from the Turkish authorities the money was used for explorations 
 in Caria. In 1896, when the Delegates of the Clarendon Press had undertaken 
 to publish the results of a journey in Aetolia by Mr. W. J. Woodhouse, a 
 student of the British School at Athens, the Society made a grant of £30 
 towards the illustrations. 
 
 In June 1899 it was announced that, in view of the facilities offered for 
 excavation in Crete under the new Government of Piince George, a ' Cretan 
 Exploration Fund' was to be established under the Direction of Mr. Arthur 
 Evans, Mr. Hogarth, and Mr. R. C. Bosanquet, Director of the British School 
 at Athens, with Mr. J. L. Myres as Hon. Sec. and Mr. Macmillan as Hon. 
 Treasurer. A grant of £50 was made by the Society in the first and second 
 years, and in each successive season, as the remarkable discoveries at Knossos 
 and elsewhere have thrown constant fresh light upon the early history of 
 civilisation in the Levant, the Society has made a grant of £100. Mr. Evans 
 has more than once addressed special meetings of the Society on the details 
 of the work, in which members have shown the keenest interest. In 1902 a 
 separate excavation was undertaken by members of the British School at 
 Athens at Palaikastro, near Sitia, in Eastern Crete, where also remarkable 
 discoveries have been made. 
 
 In 1902 the Council decided to make an annual grant of £25 for a 
 period of three years to the newly-founded School at Rome. The grant 
 seemed to be justified by the intimate relations between the Schools at Rome 
 and Athens, and by the fact that Greek art might profitably be studied in 
 Roman and other Italian Museums. 
 
 In 1903 a grant of £25 was made to Mr. Hogarth for explorations which 
 he intended to make of Greek sites in the Egyptian Delta. The results 
 were communicated to the Society at a Meeting, and afterwards published in 
 the Journal. 
 
 LIBRARY AND PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLECTION. 
 
 The first modest beginning of the Library was made in 1880, as already 
 stated. 
 
 On the death of Mr. Vaux in 1885, Mr. Wayte succeeded to the oflice of 
 Hon. Librarian, and Miss Gales, who had helped Mr. Vaux, was appointed 
 Assistant Librarian at a small salary. In 1891 Miss Gales resigned and was 
 succeeded by Miss Hughes, and on Mr. Wayte giving up the control of the 
 Library in 1894 Dr. Holden, who had been an active member of the Library 
 Committee, became Hon. Librarian and held the office until 1896, when he 
 resigned, and Mr. A. H. Smith was appointed. Rules for the Library were 
 drawn up in 1882 and facilities were then for the first time given to members 
 to borrow^ books. In these earlier years, when the funds of the Society were 
 
15 
 
 limited and largely recjuired for tlu- Journal and for grants to explorers, 
 comparatively little was spent on the purchase of books. As time went on, 
 however, and especially when the Society came into possession of a separate 
 room, occasional grants were made, and since the room now in use was 
 acquired in 1893, it has been felt worth while to develope this department. 
 The rent paid by the Society, which up to that time had risen from £30 to 
 £50, was at this point raised to £80 a year, and to meet the extra expense it 
 was found necessary to impose an entrance fee of one guinea on all members 
 elected after January 1st, 1894. Grants of £50 were made to the Library in 
 1893 and 1894 and 1896. In March 1896 Mr. A. H. Smith became Hon. 
 Librarian, and happily still holds office. Under his able and devoted ad- 
 ministration the Library has grown steadily in efficiency, and since 1897 an 
 annual grant of £75 has been made to its service. In May 1896 Miss F. 
 Johnson was appointed Assistant Librarian at a salary of £30, which as the 
 work increased was raised to £40 a year. She did good service to the 
 Society until her resignation in December 1902, when it was decided on the 
 recommendation of the Library Committee to look out for a competent 
 archaeologist at a somewhat higher salary. The post was advertised at the 
 Universities and Ladies' Colleges, and out of several good candidates who 
 presented themselves, a member of the Society, Mr. J. £f. Baker-Penoyre, who 
 had formerly been a student of the British School at Athens, and was an 
 occasional lecturer on archaeology, was appointed at a salary of £60 a year. 
 Mr. Penoyre has amply justified his appointment, and his knowledge of the 
 literature and of the use of the lantern slides (which as will be seen later 
 on now form an important department in the Library) has proved of the 
 utmost advantage to members. Before leaving this part of the subject I must 
 not omit to mention that besides the books purchased or received in exchange 
 for the Journal, the Library has from time to time been enriched by valuable 
 gifts. In particular the Trustees of the British Museum have presented the 
 illustrated Catalogues of the Vases, Sculpture, etc., in their collection, and 
 other important gifts have been made by the Universities, publishers, and 
 private donors. Only recently on the death of Dr. A. S. Murray, Mrs. Murray 
 presented to the Society about seventy volumes and tracts from her husband's 
 Library. The Library now contains about 2600 volumes, and a complete 
 Catalogue was printed last year, at considerable expense, but to the great 
 advantage of members. It seems probable that it is now one of the best 
 Libraries of its kind in this country from which books can be borrowed by 
 members. 
 
 It may be added that in 1896 a proposal to move the Society's Library 
 to University College, Gower Street (where accommodation was to be 
 provided free of charge, and access given also, under a mutual arrangement, 
 to books belonging to the College), was carefully considered by the Council, 
 but declined on the ground (1) that the independence of the Society might 
 to some extent be affected, and (2) that the change to Gower Street from so 
 central a position as Albemarle Street would be inconvenient to a majority of 
 members. 
 
16 
 
 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLECTION.- 
 
 The collection of ' drawings, facsimiles, transcripts, plans, and photographs 
 of Greek inscriptions, MSS., works of art, ancient sites and remains' has 
 from the first been stated as one of the primary objects of the Society. Two 
 facsimiles of important Greek MSS. have, as already mentioned, been pub- 
 lished by the Society. The more important of the drawings and plans 
 prepared for the illustration of papers in the Journal have year by year been 
 deposited in the Library. In regard to photographs, the first nucleus of a 
 collection was formed as long ago as 1886, when Mr. W. J. Stillman presented 
 to the Society the negatives of an admirable series taken by himself on and 
 about the Acropolis at Athens. Twenty-five of the finest subjects were 
 enlarged by the Autotype Co., and are sold to members at cost price, and at a 
 somewhat higher price to the general public. In 1889 a number of negatives 
 taken in Greece were presented to the Society by various members, and 
 arrangements were made for supplying prints to members. In later years 
 many additions have accrued mainly by gift, and partly by purchase, 
 and the collection now contains as many as 6000 prints, which have been 
 carefully classified by the present Librarian, under the able direction 
 of Mr. J. L. Myres, who in 1901 assumed the office of Hon. Keeper of the 
 Photographic collections. In 1891 twenty more photographs were enlarged 
 by the Autotype Co., and issued on the same terms as previously arranged for 
 Mr. Stillman's Athenian photographs. In 1890, at the suggestion of Mr. 
 Leaf, a collection of lantern slides was begun, and ai'rangements made for their 
 hire on moderate terms to members for lecture purposes. The scheme has 
 since been greatly developed, the slides have been carefully classified, and 
 this department now offers one of the greatest privileges of membership, as it 
 has certainly been of the utmost benefit to the study of classical archaeology 
 in tliis country. And although a considerable sum has been spent on the 
 manufacture or purchase of slides the return from the hire has been such as 
 to place the collection practically on a self-supporting basis. Catalogues both 
 of the photographs and lantern slides belonging to the Society have from time 
 to time been issued for the convenience of members. 
 
 GENERAL MEETINGS. 
 
 As a rule the General Meetings of the Society have been held four times 
 a year, though extra meetings have been called for any special occasion. At 
 the Annual Meeting in June the Council has presented a report of the work 
 done during the year. These meetings have played no small part in the work 
 of the Society, but in the nature of things there must be many country and 
 foreign members who have never been able to attend, and the average 
 attendance has never been large. In most cases the papeis read have after- 
 wards appeared in the Society's Journal, but from time to time important dis- 
 
17 
 
 cussions have taken place on problems of current interest which only find 
 record in the Proceedings. The most notable of such discussions was that 
 which took place in 1880 on the subject of Dr. Schliemann's discoveries at 
 Tiryns. Certain communications had appeared in the Times, from the pen 
 of Mr. W. J. Stillman, which threw doubt on the antiquity of some of the 
 buildings discovered on that famous site. The question was of such im- 
 portance that the Council decided to invite Dr. Schliemann and his architect, 
 Dr. Dorpfeld, to attend a Special Meeting of the Society, at which the 
 matter might be fully debated, a similar invitation being given to Mr. 
 Stillman. The two German archaeologists readily accepted the invitation, 
 and the meeting was held on July 2, by permission, in the rooms of the 
 Society of Antiquaries, the then President of that Society, Mr. John Evans, 
 occupying the chair. Mr. Stillman was unfortunately prevented from 
 attending, but his view of the case was presented by Mr. Penrose, who had 
 also, after a visit to the spot, concluded that some of the walls discovered 
 were not prehistoric, but either Byzantine or mediaeval. The proceedings 
 were opened by papers from Dr. Schliemann, Dr. Dorpfeld, and Mr. Penrose, 
 and then followed a most interesting discussion in which Prof. Middle ton 
 and Mr. H. F. Pelham took part, and detailed replies on the questions raised 
 were given by the two explorers. A full report of the debate will be found 
 in Vol. VII. of the Journal. At its close Dr. Dorpfeld expressed his view that 
 on the spot he should have no difficulty in convincing any competent 
 observer of the accuracy of his conclusions. Mr. Penrose declared his 
 satisfaction that such an instructive discussion should have taken place, and 
 the gratitude which all must feel to the explorers for their most interesting 
 discoveries. The meeting was of marked advantage to the Society in the 
 general attention which it excited among scholars. I have referred at some 
 length to this meeting as of special importance, but it may be of interest to 
 mention also some other papers or addresses delivered before the Society but 
 not published in its Jmirnal, and some subjects which, though afterwards 
 treated in the Journal, led at the time to animated debate. I will take them 
 in chronological order. 
 
 In 1882 Mr. J. Keddie Anderson exhibited a series of terra cottas from 
 Tarentum, illustrating the development from Phoenician to Greek Art. 
 
 In 1888 Mr. Cecil Smith read a paper, iUustrated by photographs, on 
 the remarkable frieze found at Djolbaschi in Lycia by the Austrian expedition 
 under Prof. Benndorf. At two meetings of this year statements were made 
 in regard to the project for establishing a British School at Athens. At the 
 Annual Meeting Mr. Newton, who presided, called attention to Prof. Gustav 
 Hirschfeld's recent journey in Paphlagonia, and exhibited photographs of the 
 monuments found, which showed remarkable analogies to those discovered by 
 Prof. Ramsay in Phrygia. 
 
 In 1884 Bishop Lightfoot, as President, delivered an address to the 
 Society at the Annual Meeting in which, after referring with satisfaction to 
 the progress of the Society, to the foundation of the British School at Athens, 
 and to Prof. Ramsay's explorations in Asia Minor, he mentioned two projects 
 
18 
 
 wliich the Society might take in liancl : (1) the investigation by competent 
 scholars of monastic and other libraries in the East, (2) the mapping out of 
 subjects to be worked upon by competent young scholars. This was the only 
 occasion on which Bishop Lightfoot was able to address the Society. At 
 the same meeting Mr. Newton referred at some length both to the work of 
 the Society and to the general progress of archaeological research during the 
 year. He particularly expressed the hope, which has since been abundantly 
 fulfilled, that young men were then being trained at our Universities who 
 would be in time competent to carry out the w^ork of exploration. He added 
 that in the case of France and Germany such young scholars came home from 
 their missions to occupy chairs of Archaeology at the different Universities. 
 Such a supply of men, and such means of steady promotion, we might one 
 day hope to see in England. 
 
 In 1885 Prof Ramsay read a paper on the Archaic Pottery of the Coast 
 of Northern Ionia and Southern Aeolis, which led to an interesting discussion. 
 At the Annual Meeting Mr. Newton presided, and spoke of the recent excava- 
 tions at Naucratis and of Mr. J. T. Wood's work at Ephesus. Mr. Stuart 
 Poole also spoke about Naucratis, and Mr. Theodore Bent of a recent visit to 
 Carpathos. 
 
 In 1886 Mr. Newton, in presiding at the Annual Meeting, gave a very 
 interesting account of the principal archaeological discoveries of the year, 
 referring particularly to the remarkable series of archaic statues found on the 
 Acropolis at Athens, of which photographs were exhibited by Dr. Waldstein ; 
 to recent excavations at Eleusis and Pergamon ; to explorations in Asia 
 Minor by Dr. Sterrett and Prof, Ramsay, and to the discovery of new MSS. 
 in the monasteries in the Levant, and of papyri in the Fayum. Mr. Ernest 
 Gardner described the season's work at Naucratis. The special meeting on 
 Tiryns in July has already been mentioned. 
 
 In 1887 Mr. Colvin presided at the Annual Meeting, and referred to the 
 recent foundation of the Classical Review, to the w^ork of the Britisli School 
 at Athens, to the discoveries made by the Athenian Archaeological Society 
 in Athens and at Eleusis, to explorations by Mr. Bent in Thasos and 
 Mr. W. R. Baton in Caria, and to the recent discovery in Cyprus of the site of 
 Arsinoe. Mr. Bent described his discoveries in Thasos. 
 
 In 1888 Mr. H. H. Statham read a very interesting paper on Greek 
 Architectural Mouldings, and urged the production of full-sized drawings. 
 Mr. R. W. Schultz afterwards made a series of such drawings of mouldings on 
 the Athenian Acropolis, but unfortunately they have never been published. 
 At the Annual Meeting in the same year Miss Jane Harrison gave an account, 
 illustrated by photographs, of recent excavations in Greece. At a later 
 meeting Professor Middleton read a paper on the Temple of Apollo at 
 Delphi, summing up the literary evidence in view of the contemplated 
 excavations. A most interesting discussion followed, in which Sir George 
 Bowen, ]\tr. Penrose, Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, and Mr. L. R. Farnell took part. 
 
 In 1889 a paper by Miss Harrison on Fragments of Greek Vase Paintings 
 led to a good discussion in which Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, Mr. Cecil Smith, and 
 
19 
 
 Prof. Percy Gardner took part. At the Annual Meeting the Council's Report 
 contained a summary of the first ten years' work of the Society. Prof. Jebb, 
 who presided, delivered an address on recent discoveries and publications, 
 referring particularly to the excavations in Greece, to the work of the British 
 School at Athens, to the Classical Bevicw, and to the recent issue by the 
 Society of Dilettanti of a second edition of Mr. Penrose's great work on the 
 Principles of Athenian Architecture. ]\Ir. Ernest Gardner read a paper on 
 Archaeology in Greece, 1888-9. 
 
 In 1890 at the Annual Meeting, when Prof. Jebb first took the Chair as 
 President of the Society, Mr. Ernest Gardner gave an account of recent 
 archaeological discoveries in Greece, and Mr. Percy Newberry exhibited a 
 series of funeral wreaths found by Prof. Flinders Petrie at Hawara in the 
 Fayum, and read a paper partly descriptive of their character, and partly as 
 illustrating funeral customs among the Greeks. 
 
 In February, 1891, Prof. Percy Gardner read a jDaper on theJife and work 
 of Dr. Schliemann, Avho had died in the previous year, and summed up by 
 saying that ' without the labours of his spade we should have no true idea of 
 the prehistoric age of Greece.' The paper was published in the April number 
 of MaaniUaiis Magazine. At the April meeting a discussion on points of 
 Athenian topography was raised in a paper by Mr. Nicolaides, of Athens. At 
 the Annual Meeting the President delivered an address on the progress of 
 Hellenic Studies during the year, referring to the work of the Athenian 
 Archaeological Society at Rhamnus and elsewhere, to the work of the 
 American School at Eretria, and of the British School at Megalopolis ; to 
 explorations by Mr. Bent in Cilicia, and by Prof. Ramsay, Mr. Hogarth, and 
 Mr. Headlam in Pisidia Isauria and Cappadocia ; to discoveries at Salamis in 
 Cyprus made by Mr. J. A. R. Munro and Mr. H. A. Tubbs under the auspices 
 of the ' Cyprus Exploration Fund ' ; and among literary discoveries to Mr. 
 Kenyon's edition of the ' Constitution of Athens,' and Mr. Loring's edition of 
 a fragment of the * Edict of Diocletian.' Allusion was also made to the 
 excavations about to be undertaken at Delphi by the French Government. 
 
 In 1892 a paper on ' Iron in Homer' by Mr. F. B. Jevons led to a full 
 discussion in which Sir F. Pollock, Mr. F. Carter, ]\Ir. Leaf, Mr. Newton, 
 Prof. Lewis Campbell and Mr. Penrose took part. 
 
 In 1893 Mr. Ernest Gardner gave an account at the Annual Meeting of 
 recent discoveries in Greece, and of the work of the British School at Athens. 
 Mr. Bent spoke of his recent discoveries in Abyssinia, v.'here he claimed to 
 have established the fact of Greek influence brought to bear upon a Sabaean 
 race which worshipped the sun. In November of the same year, Mr. Arthur 
 Evans, after reading a paper on ' A Mycenaean Treasure from Aegina,' first 
 announced his discovery, on a series of gems and seals from Crete and the 
 Peloponnese, of some sixty symbols which seemed to belong to a native Greek 
 system of hieroglyphs. 
 
 In 1894 a paper by Mr. Stuart Jones on the Chest of Cypselus led 
 to a good discussion, in which Mr. A. S. Murray, Prof. Percy Gardner, 
 Professor Jebb, and others took part. At the April Meeting Miss Harrison, 
 
20 
 
 in pursuance of a suggestion that recent publications should sometimes be 
 brought to the notice of members with a view to discussion, read a summary 
 of the views in regard to the temples on the Acropolis at Athens recently put 
 forward by Prof. Furtwangler in his ' Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture.' 
 An interesting discussion followed, in which Mr. A. H. Smith, Miss Sellers, 
 and Mr. Penrose took part. Miss Harrison replied. At the Meeting in May 
 Miss Sellers gave an account of recent archaeological publications. At the 
 Annual Meeting Prof. Jebb referred to recent discoveries at Delphi and 
 in Cyprus. 
 
 In 1894 Mr. Arthur Evans' paper on 'Cretan Pictography' led to an 
 animated discussion in which Mr. J. L. Myres, Sir Henry Howorth, Sir John 
 Evans, and Mr. Cecil Smith took part. 
 
 In January 1895, a Special Meeting was held at which Prof. Jebb 
 delivered a Memorial Address on Sir Charles Newton, who had died in 
 November 1894. The Address was printed in the Society's Proceedings 
 (J.H.S. Vol. XIV.). At the same meeting (which was held by permission in 
 the rooms of the Society of Antiquaries) Mr. A. G. Bather's paper on ' The 
 Problem of the Bacchae ' was fully discussed by Mr. A. J. Evans, Dr. Verrall, 
 Mr. Cecil Smith, Miss Harrison, Prof. Lewis Campbell, and Dr. Sandys. At a 
 meeting in May Prof. Percy Gardner described the famous Sarcophagi found 
 at Sidon, and exhibited plates from the work which was in course of 
 publication by Hamdy Bey and M. Theodore Reinach. In November Miss 
 Harrison initiated a discussion on the site of the Enneacrunus at Athens, in 
 the light of Dr. Dorpfeld's recent discoveries and theories, and in special 
 connexion with Thucydides II. 15. These views were discussed by Mr. 
 Ernest Gardner, Mr, J. L. Myres, Dr. Sandys, and Sir John Evans. Miss 
 Harrison replied. 
 
 In February 1896, Mr. Edmund Oldfield, F.S.A., read, by invitation, a 
 summary of his views on the architectural form of the ^lausoleum at 
 Halicarnassus, which he had more fully elaborated in three papers read before 
 the Society of Antiquaries. The paper was discussed by Prof. Percv Gardner, 
 Mr. H. H. Statham, and Mr. Hugh Stannus. At the meeting in March a very 
 animated debate was aroused by Mr. G. B. Grundy's jDaper on the 
 Thucydidean narrative of Sphacteria, his views being controverted by 
 Mr. Ronald Burrows, and discussed by Prof. Percy Gardner, Mr. Leaf, and 
 Sir F. Pollock. In November a further pai)er by Mr. Evans on ' Early Cretan 
 Script ' also led to a good discussion. 
 
 In April 1897, Miss Harrison read a paper on the Danaides, arguing that 
 their function of water-carrying was simpl}' a repetition in Hades of their 
 upper-world function as water-nymphs, and contending also that though the 
 Olympian Gods were part Hellenic, part Pelasgian, the remaining denizens of 
 Hade.s would prove, like the Danaides, to be of Pelasgian origin. At the 
 Annual Meeting the President called attention to the discovery of the MSS. 
 of Bacchylides. Mr. Cecil Smith, as Director of the British School at Athens, 
 gave an account of recent archaeological work in Greece, and of excavations 
 undertaken by the British School at Kynosarges and in Melos. 
 
21 
 
 In February 1898, Mr. C. R. R. Clark, Architectural Student of the 
 British School at Athens, exhibited drawings of a fine mosaic found by the 
 School in Melos. At the same meeting Prof. Ridgeway delivered an address 
 on some of the contents of his forthcoming book on ' The Early Age of Greece.' 
 A most interesting discussion followed, in which Mr. Evans and Mr. Farnell 
 took part, and Prof. Ridgeway replied. In April Prof. W. C. F. Anderson 
 read a paper on ' The March of Xerxes,' dealing with the country between 
 Hebrus and Mt. Athos, and based on a journey taken in 1896 with Mr. J. A. R. 
 Munro. The paj)cr was illustrated by lantern slides from negatives taken on 
 the spot. This was the first occasion on which the lantern was introduced, 
 but it has since been constantly used at meetings and has added greatly to 
 their interest. At the Annual Meeting M. Salomon Reinach communicated a 
 new theory concerning the date, denomination, and restoration of the 
 Aphrodite of Melos, arguing that it was in fact an Amphitrite and belonged 
 to the Attic School immediately following the epoch of Phidias. Mr. Penrose 
 gave an account of his recent visit to Athens. In November Mr. G. B. 
 Grundy's paper on Thucydides' accounts of operations at Plataea, Pylus, 
 Sphacteria, and Syracuse, led to an animated discussion, in which Mr. Ronald 
 Burrows and others took part. 
 
 In May 1899, Prof. Percy Gardner's jaaper on 'The Scenery of the Greek 
 Stage' was discussed by Prof. G. G. A. Murray, Mr. A. G. Bather, and Mrs. 
 Strong. At the Annual Meeting the President spoke of the work of the 
 British School at Athens, the proposed explorations in Crete, and the 
 probable establishment of a British School in Rome. Mr. Hogarth gave an 
 account of recent excavations in Melos and at Naucratis by members of the 
 British School at Athens, and in Cyprus by the Trustees of the British 
 Museum. He also explained the plan of explorations in Crete. In November, 
 a communication from Signor Savignoni on ' Representations of Helios and 
 Selene ' was discussed by Sir Henry Howorth, Sir John Evans, Prof. Ernest 
 Gardner, and Prof. Sayce. 
 
 In 1900 discussions took place on jjapers read by Mr. J. L. Myres on 
 ' The Homeric House ' ; by Prof. Percy Gardner on a vase representing the 
 Birth of Pandora (when Miss Harrison introduced a new theory of the 
 myth) ; and by Prof. Waldstein on the * Hera of Polycleitus.' At the Annual 
 Meeting the President reviewed recent progress in Hellenic Studies, referring 
 to the British Museum excavations in Cyprus, to the German excavations in 
 Miletus, to the Austrian excavations at Ei^hesus, to important discoveries in 
 the Roman Forum, and to Prof. Furtwiingler's new book on gems. Mr. Evans 
 gave an account of his recent discoveries at Knossos. In November Mr. 
 Evans' paper on ' The Tree and Pillar cult of tlie Mycenaeans ' was discussed 
 by Prof. Waldstein, Dr. Farnell, and Mr. Hogarth. 
 
 In February 1901, Mr. Cavvadias sent jihotographs of the bronze and 
 marble figures recovered from the sea off Cythera. These were exhibited on 
 lantern slides, and Mr. Arthur Smith supplied an interesting commentary. 
 At the same Meeting Prof. Ernest Gardner's paper on ' The Greek House ' 
 led to a full discussion. In May, Prof. Waldstein, in a paper on ' A Discovery 
 
22 
 
 of Marbles related to the pediments of the Parthenon,' described two 
 marble statuettes in the Museum of Sculpture at Dresden, comparing them 
 with statuettes found at Eleusis, which corresponded both in dimensions and 
 style. The paper was discussed by Prof. Percy Gardner, Sir Henry Howorth, 
 Mr. Arthur Smith, and Prof Butcher. At the Annual Meeting Mr. Arthur 
 Evans read an account of recent work at Knossos, and Prof. Ernest Gardner 
 spoke both of the excavations at Knossos and the statues found off Cythera. In 
 November discussions took place on a paper by Mr. Cecil Smith, describing 
 a large Proto- Attic Amphora found at Kynosarges, and on Mr. J. H. Hopkin- 
 son's paper on ' An Early Island Yase-Fabric' 
 
 Towards the end of 1901 an arrangement was made with the Society of 
 Antiquaries that future Meetings of the Society should take place in their 
 rooms at Burhngton House, the rooms at Albemarle Street having been found 
 too small, as the attendance at Meetings increased. The first Meeting under 
 this new arrangement, which has proved of great advantage to the Society, 
 was held in February 1902, when Mr. Arthur Smith read a paper on 
 ' Humour in Greek Art.' A discussion followed, in which Prof. Ernest 
 Gardner, Mr. G. F. Hill, and Mrs. Strong took part. In May Mr. Hill 
 showed lantern slides of some of the more remarkable Greek coins acquired 
 by the British Museum during the past five years. At the Annual Meeting 
 Mr. Evans gave an account, illustrated by lantern slides and diagrams, of 
 his season's work at the Palace of Knossos, and Mr. R C. Bosanquet, 
 Director of the British School at Athens, described excavations undertaken 
 by the School at Palaikastro in Eastern Crete. In November Mr. Jay 
 Hambidge read a very interesting paper, illustrated by lantern slides, on ' The 
 Natural Basis of Form in Greek Art,' with special reference to the Parthenon, 
 summing up in the words ' The Parthenon is only the most striking and 
 complete instance of the fact that the beautiful in Art involves adherence 
 (presumably unconscious) to the same law as underlies the beautiful in 
 Nature.' The paper was discussed by Mr. Penrose, Sir John Evans, Mr. 
 H. H. Statham, Mr. G. F. Hill, and Prof W. C. F. Anderson. Mr. Hambidge 
 replied. 
 
 In May 1903, Dr. Waldstein read a paper, illustrated by lantern slides, 
 on the Hermes bronze found off Cythera, arguing that it belonged rather to 
 the School of Scopas than of Praxiteles. The paper was discussed by 
 Dr. Kendall, Mr. Hill, and Mr. Stannus. At the Annual Meeting the 
 President gave a survey of the progress of Hellenic Studies during the year, 
 referring to the discovery in EgyjDt of fragments of a dithyrambic poem by 
 Tiraotheus of Miletus, describing a victory of the Greeks over the Persians, 
 presumably at Salamis; to the recently issued facsimile of the Codex 
 Venetus of Aristophanes; to the volume of Tebtunis papyri, edited by 
 Messrs. Grenfell, Hunt, and Smyly; to recent discoveries in Crete and 
 elsewhere ; to the controversy regarding the so-called tiara of Saitaphernes ; 
 to the Exhibition of Greek Art at the Burlington Fine Arts Club ; to the 
 foundation of the British Academy ; and finally to the death of Mr. Penrose. 
 In the Session just ended four important papers have been read, by 
 
23 
 
 Mr. Evans on his last season's work at Knossos, by Prof. Ramsay on ' A New 
 Scheme for Exploration in Asia Minor,' by Dr. Farnell on some local cults in 
 Attica, and by Prof. Ridgeway on ' The Origin of Greek Tragedy.' All have 
 excited great interest, and in the case of Prof. Ridgeway 's paper a discussion 
 followed, in which Prof. Ernest Gardner, Prof G. G. A. Murray and others 
 took part. At the February meeting Mr. Arthur Smith made a communica- 
 tion, illustrated by lantern slides, relating to the inscribed term of Hermes 
 Propylaios, recently found at Pergamon, and described in the inscription as a 
 work of Alcamenes. 
 
 This rapid survey of the Proceedings of the Society is, I think, instruc- 
 tive and encouraging for the evidence it gives of the active interest taken by 
 members in every side of Greek archaeology, history, and literature ; and 
 there is no doubt that the opportunity afforded by the Meetings of dealing 
 promptly with various questions of current interest is welcomed both by those 
 Avho contribute to the discussions and by the larger number of those who 
 come to listen. 
 
 It should be added that as long ago as 1881 a branch of the Society 
 was formed at Cambridge, the first Chairman being Dr. Thompson, Master of 
 Trinity, and the first Hon. Secretary Mr, Oscar Browning. The branch still 
 flourishes, its present Chairman being Sir Richard Jebb, and its Hon. 
 Secretary Mr. A. B. Cook. The discussions which have taken place on 
 topics kindred to those dealt with by the main Society have from time to 
 time been recorded in the Journal. Curiously enough, no similar branch has 
 ever been established at Oxford, though leading members of that University 
 have always taken an active part in the management of the Society in 
 London, 
 
 HONORA.RY MEMBERS. 
 
 In January 1882 the Council decided to appoint certain foreign scholars 
 and archaeologists as Honorary members of the Society, and the choice fell 
 upon Prof. H. Brunn, Prof D. Comparetti, of Florence, Prof. Ernst Curtius, 
 Monsieur P, Foucart, Director of the French School at Athens, Prof \V. 
 Helbig, of Rome, Prof A, Kirchhoff, of Berlin, Dr, U. Kohler, Director of the 
 German Institute, Athens, Prof. S. A. Kumanudes, of Athens, Prof A. Michaelis, 
 Monsieur B. E. C. Miller, of Paris, Monsieur A, R. Rangabe, Greek Minister 
 at Berlin, Prof. L. Stephani, of St. Petersburg, Monsieur W. H. Waddington, 
 and the Baron J. de Witte, of Paris. The same distinction was conferred 
 upon the following British Consuls then serving in the Levant, Mr, Alfred 
 Biliotti, Mr. George Dennis, Mr. Charles Merlin and ^Ir. Thomas Wood. 
 And on H.M. the King of the Hellenes applying for admission to the Society 
 he also was added to the list of Honorary Members. In later years, as 
 vacancies occurred, or otherwise at the discretion of the Council, the follow- 
 ing have been appointed. Dr. F. A. O. Benndorf, Prof. F. Blass, of Halle, 
 M. Alexander Contostavlos, of Athens, Prof. A. Conze, Dr. Wilhelm Dorpfeld, 
 Monsieur I'Abbe Duchesne, of the French School, Rome, Prof Adolf Furt- 
 wiingler, Mr. Gennadius, Prof F. Halbherr, Hamdy Bey, Keeper of the 
 
24 
 
 Museum of Antiquities, Constantinople, Monsieur Joseph Hazzidaki, Keeper 
 of the National Museum, Candia, Crete, Monsieur HomoUe, Dii-ector of the 
 French School at Athens, Monsieur Kavvadias, Ephor-General of Antiquities, 
 Athens, Prof. E. Petersen, of the German Institute, Rome, Prof. Rufus 
 Richardson, Director of the American School at Athens, Prof. Ulrich V. 
 Wilamowitz-Molleudorf, of Berlin, and Prof. Adolf Wilhelm, Director of the 
 Austrian Institute, Athens. On the occasion of the present Anniversary the 
 Council decided to appoint fifteen more foreign Honorary Members, thus 
 bringing the number up to forty, which will in future be regarded as the limit. 
 The following have been selected : 
 
 Prof. Maxime Collignon, of Paris, Prof. Hermann Diels, Secretary of 
 the German Institute, Prof. Theodor Gomperz, of Vienna, Prof. B, L. Gilder- 
 sleeve, of Johns HojDkins University, Baltimore, Prof. W. W. Goodwin, of 
 Harvard University, Dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer, Prof. Georg Loeschcke, Signor 
 Paolo Orsi, M. Georges Perrot, Prof. Carl Robert, M. Valerios Stais and 
 M. Ch. Tsountas, of Athens, M. Henri Weil, Prof. John Williams White, of 
 Harvard, and Prof. T. D. Seymour, of Yale University. 
 
 It has clearly been to the advantage of the Society thus to maintain 
 direct relations with Continental scholars and archaeologists, and that the 
 honour has been appreciated and the work of the Society held in high esteem 
 by its Honorary Members is evident fi'om the very friendly and compli- 
 mentary letters addressed to the Council in connexion with the present 
 celebration. 
 
 RELATIONS WITH OTHER SOCIETIES AND PUBLIC 
 BODIES. 
 
 In 1894 the Society signed a memorial in support of an effort that was 
 being made by the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Monuments in 
 Egypt to prevent the submersion of the island of Philae, and although the 
 material benefits of the barrage scheme necessarily outweighed archaeo- 
 logical considerations, steps were taken to minimise the damage to the 
 temples. Some months later Mr. Kenyon was appointed to represent the 
 Society on a Committee formed by the same Egyptian Society to consider the 
 ciuestion of a new Archaeological Survey. 
 
 In 1901 the Society was invited to send representatives to the celebra- 
 tion of the 450th Anniversary of the University of Glasgow. The President, 
 Honorary Secretary, and Mr. Penrose were appointed, and an address of 
 congratulation was presented. 
 
 In 1902 the Society was similarly invited to send representatives to the 
 celebration at Oxford of the Tercentenary of the Bodleian Library, The 
 President and Honorary Secretary were chosen as Delegates, and a Latin 
 address of congratulation, composed by Sir Richard Jebb, was presented on 
 the occasion and afterwards printed in the Proceedings of the Society. In 
 
25 
 
 the following year the President represented the Society at the Historical 
 Congress in Rome. 
 
 In 1904 the Society supported a memorial to the Privy Council in favour 
 of a Charter being granted to the Numismatic Society of London. The 
 application was happily successful. 
 
 This seems the proper place for mentioning a proposal which was 
 brought before the Council in 1893 by Mr. Churton Collins for the establish- 
 ment in London of an Institute wliere Greek and allied subjects could be 
 taught in a popular way. It was felt that the idea was one which deserved 
 encouragement, but that the Society could take no responsibility. A Com- 
 mittee however was appointed, consisting of the President, Hon. Secretary, 
 the President of Magdalen, Dr. Leaf, Mr. Dakyns, Mr. Ely and Miss Harrison, 
 to confer with representatives of the University Extension bodies in Oxford, 
 Cambridge and London, on the possibility of extending and developing the 
 elementary study of Greek both in London and the provinces. This Com- 
 mittee held frequent meetings, and in the end drew up a report and a scheme 
 of study, which was signed by Prof. Jebb as Chairman. Various classes 
 were formed, but the ultimate result is beyond the cognisance of this Society. 
 It is possible that the subject may be dealt with more effectively by the 
 newly-formed Classical Association, to which our Society bids welcome and 
 God-speed. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 This brief record of the Society's work during the first twenty-five 
 years of its existence may be viewed with satisfaction alike by its members 
 and by all who care for the objects which it was founded to promote. The 
 membership has grown steadily from about 300 in its first year to 8.50 at 
 the present time, to which must be added 1.50 Libraries subscribing to the 
 Journal at Members' rate. This growth has been materially assisted by the 
 Rule which from its earliest days admitted ladies to the privileges of the 
 Society ; and their influence has been felt not only in its revenue but in its 
 work, through contributions to the Journal and efficient service on the 
 Council. 
 
 But while congratulating themselves on the achievements of the past, 
 and on the growing prosperity and efficiency of the Society, members will 
 feel that there is still room for further development. Now that the 
 supremacy of Classical Studies is challenged even at our Universities it is 
 evident that the work of such a Society as ours is more than ever necessary. 
 And, apart from all such questions of controversy, the progress of reseai-ch 
 presents an ever increasing number and variety of problems for solution in 
 all departments of Hellenic study. The greater the resources of the Society. 
 the more effective aid it can give towards solving such problems, whether by 
 grants to explorers, by facilities for the publication of results, or by such 
 
26 
 
 additions to the library or the jahotographic collections as may better satisfy 
 the requirements of students and teachers. Let us hope that this anniver- 
 sary may stimulate the Society to further efiforts, and draw fresh supporters 
 into its ranks, so that when it is called upon hereafter to celebrate its Jubilee, 
 members may have an even more brilliant record to shew than has been set 
 forth in these pages. 
 
 GEORGE A. MACMILLAN. 
 
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