'A 
 
 i297 
 
 KB 
 
 L891 
 
 (X 
 
 II- ■
 
 ^.- 
 
 / LIBRARY 
 
 WNtVEHsitY OP 
 SAN OIEQO

 
 SELECTED LETTERS 
 
 OF 
 
 CICERO 
 
 JV/m NOTES FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS 
 
 BY THE I.ATH 
 
 CONSTANTINE E. PRICHARD, M.A. 
 
 Formerly Felloiu of Balliol College 
 AND 
 
 EDWARD R. BERNARD, M.A. 
 
 Fellow of Magdalen College 
 SECOND EDITION 
 
 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 
 M DCCC XCI 
 
 \All rights reserved "[
 
 Xonfeon 
 HENRY FROWDE 
 
 Oxford University Press Warehouse 
 AiMi£N Corner, E.C.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The text adopted in this selection is that of Baiter and 
 Ka3'ser. In their edition of Cicero's works the letters of 
 Cicero to his friends, and to his brother Quintus, occupy 
 the ninth volume (Leipsic, 1866); and those to Atticus and 
 Brutus the tenth volume (1867). There are some passages 
 in these selected letters which Baiter and Kayser, and all 
 critical editors, are obliged to print in a hopelessly corrupt 
 state. But inasmuch as the present edition is intended for 
 the use of schools, it seemed desirable to adopt in most 
 cases such conjectural emendations as might enable the 
 passage to bear translation. 
 
 Besides these graver departures from the text of Baiter, 
 some deviations in spelling have been adopted. 
 
 The brackets and italics are from Baiter and Kayser, and 
 denote respectively that the words so treated ought probably 
 to be omitted, or inserted. 
 
 The letters of Cicero appear to have been widely known 
 
 down to the latest times of the Western Empire, but to have 
 
 wholly fallen out of knowledge before the middle of the 
 
 twelfth century. Their rediscovery was reserved for a man 
 
 who merited such fortune, one of the foremost of the revivers 
 
 of literature. In the year 1345 the poet Petrarch found at 
 
 a 2
 
 iv PREFACE. 
 
 Verona, to his infinite joy and surprise, a manuscript of the 
 eleventh century, containing the letters to Atticus, Brutus, 
 and Quintus. He copied them, and his copy, with marginal 
 readings added by Coluccius Salutatus, is the basis of the 
 existing text of those letters, since the original from which 
 he made it has disappeared. Petrarch's IMS. is called 
 ' Codex ]\Iediceus,' and is preserved in the Laurentian 
 Library at Florence. Unfortunately Petrarch's copy was 
 carelessly made, and the text of the Letters to Atticus is in 
 an unsatisfactory state, as may be gathered from the fact 
 that Baiter's critical observations on the letters to Atticus, 
 Brutus, and Quintus occupy 127 pages as against 59 pages 
 on the letters ' ad Familiares.' 
 
 Until 1855 cridcs thought they could find trustworthy aid 
 in restoring the text from an edition by Bosius (Limoges, 
 1580), who professed to have had before him a IMS. which 
 he had obtained from a common soldier, and some valuable 
 readings furnished him by a certain Crusellius. The former 
 was spoken of as ' Decurtatum Bosii.' But it has now been 
 clearly proved by Haupt and Mommsen that Bosius invented 
 all the various readings which appear in his edition, and that 
 the 'Decurtatum Bosii,' and the 'Lectioncs Crusellianae,' 
 never existed. Bosius, otherwise Simeon Dubois, was a 
 magistrate at Limoges, born 1535, and killed by robbers, 
 1580 — a just retribution for his wickedness, according to 
 the critics. 
 
 The assistance to be relied upon for supplementing the 
 Medicean ]\IS. is, in the first place, the edition of Cratander 
 (1528), who seems to have had before him a IMS. of value,
 
 PREFACE. V 
 
 possibly of a different origin from the INIedicean. He has 
 not used it as the basis of his edition, but has placed its 
 various readings in his margin. Secondly, some weight may 
 be attached to the readings preserved by Lambinus from 
 the lost Codex Tornaesianus. Lambinus' edition bears date 
 1565. So far with regard to the text of the letters to 
 Atticus, Brutus, and Quintus. 
 
 We now come to the letters * ad Familiares,' or ' ad Di- 
 versos,' as they were formerly called. Petrarch probably 
 discovered these at Vercelli, some Httle time after his dis- 
 covery of the letters to Atticus at Verona. The IMS. which 
 he discovered is most happily still in existence in the 
 Medicean library, together with the copy made by Petrarch. 
 There are many other IMSS. of these letters in existence ; 
 but Orelli in his 'Historia Critica Epistolarum TuUianarum' 
 apparently succeeded in proving that all of them, including 
 the Vatican IMS, were later than and drawn from the 
 Medicean. However there is a MS. in the library of Tours 
 described in 1828 by Hoenel as of the twelfth century, and 
 containing Cic. Quaest. Acad, and the Epp. ad Fam., which 
 Orelli in his review relegated to the fourteenth century 
 without having even seen it. A notice of this MS, published 
 by IM. Thurot in 1874, clearly proves it to be independent 
 of the IMedicean MS, though undoubtedly drawn from 
 the same source. It supplies in several of its readings 
 most interesting confirmations of the emendations of the 
 Medicean already made by Wesenberg and others. One 
 instance among many is referred to in this edition, Ep. 18, 
 25, note. There are also two uncollated MSS. of these
 
 VI PREFACE. 
 
 letters among the Harleian Codd. at the British IMuseum, 
 described by Dr. Riihl as of the eleventh and twelfth cen- 
 turies respectively. The first of these two appears likely 
 to be useful for the correction of the INIedicean, e.g. in 
 Ep. 46, 22, it exhibits ' diiudicetur,' which explains the 
 origin of the ]Medicean reading ' dividetur.' 
 
 As regards conjectures and emendations, Baiter has made 
 judicious but sparing use of those put forward by Ernesti, 
 Wesenberg, Orelli, Klotz; and, in the letters to Atticus, 
 of those of Boot. 
 
 With regard to critical editions previous to that of 
 Baiter and Kayser, it seems unnecessary for present pur- 
 poses to say more than that the edition of Orelli and 
 Baiter (1845) formed a new era, discarding as it did all 
 those MSS. which had claimed to rival the Medicean. 
 The example set by Orelli was followed by Klotz, the 
 editor of the Teubner edition, who brought out the letters 
 to Atticus, 1854, and those 'ad Familiares,' 1858. He 
 exhibits, however, some improvements on Orelli, and is 
 less subservient to the jMS. 
 
 But the discovery in 1855 of the fraud of Bosius, made 
 again a fresh starting-point for criticism as far as the letters 
 to Atticus are concerned. Since that date we have the 
 edition of the letters to Atticus by Boot (1865), and a 
 selection of letters by Hofmann (i860 and 1865). Both 
 these editors accompany their text with a Commentary. 
 
 Of explanatory editions that by Schiitz, 1809, deserves 
 especial mention, and has contributed much to the notes 
 of this edition. It contains valuable remarks collected
 
 PREFACE. vn 
 
 from ancient and modern commentators, such as iNIanutius, 
 Graevius, and Ernesti, It is the first edition which combines 
 all the letters of Cicero in a chronological order. 
 
 Owing to unavoidable delay in the publication of these 
 notes, the editor has been able to consult Mr. Watson's 
 ' Select Letters,' and to obtain from that excellent edition 
 the means of increasing and revising the observations of 
 Mr, Prichard upon several of the letters now published. The 
 short Life of Cicero, prefixed to this edition, is in the main 
 an abstract of the clear and exhaustive introductions, pre- 
 fixed by Mr. Watson to the several parts of his work. 
 
 The letters in this selection are printed in the order 
 of Schiitz's chronological arrangement. The lines of each 
 letter have been numbered in the text to facilitate reference 
 to the notes. Reference in the notes to a passage contained 
 in this selection is made thus, Ep. 2. i, the first figure 
 referring to the number of the letter in this selection, and 
 the second figure to the line in the text. References to 
 letters not in this selection are preceded by abbreviations 
 describing where the letter is to be found, according to 
 the usual arrangement of Cicero's Letters; thus, Att. i. i; 
 Fam. I. i; Q. F. I. I. In these cases the first figure gives 
 the number of the book, the second the number of the letter. 
 Frequent references have been made to Madvig's Latin 
 Grammar (as Madv.), which, with other references, and 
 some of the notes themselves, are addressed rather to the 
 teacher than to the pupil. 
 
 In issuing this second Edition the Editor begs indulgence
 
 Viii PREFACE. 
 
 for certain inaccuracies in the notes of the first Edition, 
 which mainly arose from the fact that the late Mr. Prichard's 
 notes did not have the advantage of being revised by 
 their author.
 
 LIFE OF CICERO. 
 
 ]\I. TuLLius Cicero was born at Arpinum, Jan. 3, 106 
 B.C. His father had a house and an estate there, which the 
 orator inherited at his death, and in its neighbourhood lay 
 the estate of Arcanum which we find in the possession 
 of his brother Quintus (Ep. 29). 
 
 Cicero's father seems to have removed him to Rome at 
 an early age, for the purpose of study. Here the two great 
 orators L. Crassus and I\I. Antonius noticed the boy, and the 
 former seems to have directed and overlooked the teachers 
 who were instructing him. Cicero gives the best proof of 
 his gratitude for this timely influence by the interest which 
 he in turn takes in the sons of his friends, e. g. in young 
 Lepta (Ep. 53). In his seventeenth year he served a short 
 campaign in the Social War, but returned to his studies, 
 which now extended to law, philosophy, logic and rhetoric. 
 There is no record of his having taken part in the struggles 
 between S'illa and IMarius. 
 
 Cicero first came under public notice by his defence of 
 Sex. Roscius. By this act, and still more by his attacks on 
 Sulla's arbitrary measures in a subsequent cause, he made 
 a bold and vigorous beginning of his career, though it was 
 immediately interrupted by his departure from Rome for the 
 benefit of his health, and for further rhetorical instruction. 
 He was absent about two years, and it was during this 
 absence that he first became acquainted with Athens. About 
 this time he married Terentia. On his return he was of age
 
 X LIFE OF CICERO. 
 
 to hold office, and was accordingly elected quaestor b.c. 76, 
 at the age of thirty. The lot decided that he should serve in 
 Sicily under Sex. Peducaeus. Soon after the conclusion 
 of Cicero's term of office Verres began his oppressive 
 administration ; and it is as his accuser that Cicero next 
 appears. Cicero's conduct of that famous trial, b.c. 70, 
 raised him at once to a position of political importance. 
 In the same year he was elected aedile. In 68 b.c. he lost 
 his father, and his cousin Lucius (Ep. i). In the following 
 year he was elected praetor. After discharging the office 
 of praetor, he renounced his right to a province, and began 
 at once to look to the consulship, though he could not 
 legally hold it till 63 b.c (Ep. 3). Catiline was, as he ex- 
 pected, his competitor, but not his colleague. Cicero was 
 at the head of the poll, and Antonius had a small majority 
 over Catiline. 
 
 Cicero entered on his consulship Jan. i, 6^ b.c. His last 
 three months of office were occupied with the discovery 
 and suppression of the conspiracy of Catiline, ending in the 
 execution of Lentulus and Cethegus, and the defeat and 
 death of Catiline. In 61 B.C. Cicero incurred the enmity of 
 Clodius by his course in promoting the prosecution of the 
 latter for his violation of the mysteries of the Bona Dea, the 
 year before (Ep. 7. 30). Hence in 60 b.c. we find Clodius 
 making, through Herennius (Ep. 7. 49), his first attempt to 
 cross over to the plebs and become qualified for the tribune- 
 ship, from which position he intended to attack Cicero. In 
 the same year Cicero's efforts to maintain a good under- 
 standing between the senate and * equites ' were thwarted, 
 and the first triumvirate formed by the coalition for political 
 purposes of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus. The most im- 
 portant result of this coalition was the Lex Vatinia, 59 b.c, 
 giving to Caesar the military command in Gaul for five 
 years, which he made the foundation of his subsequent
 
 LIFE OF CICERO. XI 
 
 greatness. Next year, 58 b.c, Clodius, already adopted into 
 a plebeian family and elected tribune, came forward with 
 a series of measures adapted to win popularity and prepare 
 the way for his attack on Cicero. The attack was in the 
 form of a law enacting that any one who had put to death 
 Roman citizens without trial should be denied fire and 
 water. After some hesitation Cicero fled from Rome 
 towards the end of INIarch. He took up his abode at 
 Thessalonica in the house of his fiiend Cn. Plancius. 
 Before the conclusion of the )'ear various unsuccessful 
 attempts were made to procure his recall, but at the begin- 
 ning of the next year, 57 b.c, the senate declared itself in 
 his favour, and on Aug. 4 a law was at last passed by the 
 ' comitia centuriata ' to sanction his return. Cicero landed 
 at Brundisium and proceeded to Rome, where he was 
 warmly welcomed on Sept. 4 (Ep. 17). The site of his 
 house, which Clodius had destroyed, was restored to him, 
 and the damage he had sustained was made good. But 
 he was destined to find Httle satisfaction in public affairs. 
 After vain attempts at resistance he was obliged to submit, 
 and witness the state fall under the entire control of the 
 triumvirs, who early in 55 b. c. established themselves in 
 military commands of five years' duration, Pompey in Spain, 
 Crassus in Syria, and Caesar, as before, in Gaul. Cicero 
 seems at this time to have lost all regard for his political 
 consistency, and to have undertaken the defence of men 
 whom he despised, such as Vatinius, Caesar's instrument 
 (Ep. 22). In 53 B.C. Cicero was chosen to fill a vacancy in 
 the college of augurs (Ep. 56, note). In 51 b.c. Cicero 
 was obliged, as an exofficial, to undertake a province, and had 
 Cilicia assigned to him, hitherto held by Appius Claudius 
 Pulcher (Ep. 28). He travelled by Brundisium and Actium 
 to Athens (Ep. 30). Thence he sailed to Ephesus, and so 
 reached his province in July. The expected Parthian
 
 XI 1 LIFE OF CICERO. 
 
 invasion took another direction, and Cicero found employ- 
 ment for the forces, which he had raised to observe it, in 
 attacking the independent tribes of Mount Amanus, and 
 capturing the strong fort of Pindenissum (Ep. 32). He 
 now began to be anxious to return to Rome, where the 
 important question of recalling Caesar from his command 
 was beginning to be raised. He was also ambitious of 
 obtaining the honour of a triumph for his successes in the 
 province, and was by no means satisfied with the inferior 
 honour of a ' supplicatio/ Cato, who had opposed even the 
 latter distinction, warns him not to expect a triumph (Ep. 34). 
 This caused an estrangement between the two men who were 
 most capable of assisting the state in its perilous position. 
 Cicero's daughter TuUia had been left a widow by the death 
 of C. Calpurnius Piso, and her father was disappointed to 
 find that Terentia had arranged a marriage for her with 
 P. Cornelius Dolabella. On Nov. 24, 50 b.c, Cicero landed 
 at Brundisium on his return from Cilicia (Ep. 38). He had 
 been obliged to leave his favourite freedman Tiro at Patrae 
 owing to his serious illness (Ep. 37). On Jan, 4, 49 b.c, 
 Cicero reached the walls of Rome (Ep. 40. 10), and found 
 that Caesar was already moving upon Rome, and had been 
 joined by his partisans from thence. Pompey's forces retired 
 before him, and were successfully embarked at Dyrrhachium. 
 Cicero lingered in Italy, and although he had a friendly 
 interview with Caesar in March, yet he finally joined Pompey 
 in Epirus, where he remained till after the decisive battle of 
 Pharsalus, at which however he was not present. Toward 
 the close of the year (48 b.c.) he returned to Italy. On 
 Caesar's return he was treated by him with great forbearance, 
 in spite of his late offence in joining Pompey ; and he was 
 suffered to reside in Rome or wherever he chose. The state 
 of his mind at this time is portrayed in Epp. 46, 47. 48. 
 About this time he divorced his wife Terentia, and in Ep. 51
 
 LIFE OF CICERO. XIU 
 
 we find that Atticus had been writing to him on the subject 
 of a second marriage. He chose his ward Publilia, but 
 the choice was unfortunate (Ep. 57), and she also was 
 divorced. The death of TuUia, early in 45 b. c, occasioned 
 the beautiful letter of Sulpicius (Ep. 58), an attempt to 
 console Cicero's excessive grief. Writing to Lucceius (Ep. 
 60) he says that now he can find no ray of comfort either in 
 his family or in public aff'airs. The battles of Thapsus in 
 Africa, Apr. 6, 45, and Munda in Spain, Mar. 17, 45, finally 
 crushed all resistance on the part of the optimates; but 
 Caesar's triumph did not last long, and very shortly after the 
 date of the last letter in this selection, he was murdered by 
 Brutus and his associates, INIar. 15, 44 b.c. Cicero immediately 
 joined the conspirators, with great hopes of the restoration 
 of liberty ; but he soon saw the danger threatened by the 
 power and disposition of Antony. He paid a short visit to 
 Athens in the course of the summer, but returned in August, 
 and immediately began with the first Philippic his attack on 
 the policy of Antony. Antony's violent reply evoked before 
 long the second Philippic, which made the breach hopeless. 
 In the struggle between Antony and the Senate which 
 followed, Cicero behaved with dignity and courage. But in 
 spite of the victory of Mutina there was no real chance of 
 success for the Senate. Their chief leaders had fallen. 
 Octavins had a powerful arm}', and the prestige of his 
 adopted father Julius Caesar. He refused to follow up the 
 victory gained over Antony, and his demand for the consul- 
 ship could not be resisted. He speedily arranged terms 
 with Antony and Lepidus for the formation of the second 
 triumvirate, and one of the stipulations was the death of 
 Cicero. He was beheaded near his Formian villa, on Dec. 
 7, 43 B.C., aged sixty-four.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 1. 
 
 To 
 
 2. 
 
 )) 
 
 3. 
 
 ,, 
 
 4. 
 
 To 
 
 5. 
 
 To 
 
 6. 
 
 To 
 
 7. 
 
 J) 
 
 8. 
 
 >} 
 
 9. 
 
 „ 
 
 10. 
 
 To 
 
 11. 
 
 To 
 
 12. 
 
 To 
 
 13. 
 
 To 
 
 14. 
 
 ,, 
 
 15. 
 
 To 
 
 16. 
 
 ,, 
 
 17. 
 
 To 
 
 18. 
 
 To 
 
 19. 
 
 To 
 
 20. 
 
 To 
 
 21. 
 
 To 
 
 22. 
 
 To 
 
 23. 
 
 To 
 
 24. 
 
 To 
 
 25. 
 
 To 
 
 26. 
 
 „ 
 
 27. 
 
 To 
 
 28. 
 
 To 
 
 29. 
 
 To 
 
 30. 
 
 ,, 
 
 31. 
 
 To 
 
 32. 
 
 To 
 
 Atticus (i. s), B.C. 68 . 
 
 „ (i. 3), B.C. 66 . 
 
 „ (I. 2), B.C. 65 . 
 Pompeius (Fam. 5. 7), B.C. 62 
 C. Antonius (Fam. 5. 5), B.C. 61 
 Atticus (i. 17), B.C. 61 . 
 
 „ (i. 18), B.C. 60 
 
 „ (2. 6), B.C. 59 . 
 
 „ (2. 20), B.C. 69 
 Terentia (Fam. 14. 4), B.C. 58 
 Atticus (3. 7), B.C. 58 . 
 Quintus Cicero (i. 3), B.C. 58 
 Atticus (3. 13), B.C. 58 
 
 „ (3. 15), B.C. 58. 
 Terentia (Fam. 14. 2), B.C. 58 
 
 ,, (Fam. 14. i), B.C. 58 
 Atticus (4. i), B.C. 57 . 
 L. Lucceius (Fam. 5. 12), B.C. 56 
 Atticus (4. 10), B.C. 55 . 
 M. Marius (Fam. 7. i), B.C. 55 
 Caesar (Fam. 7. 5), B.C. 54 . 
 Quintus Cicero (2. 16), B.C. 54 
 Trebatius (Fam. 7. 10), B.C. 54 
 Quintus Cicero (3. 5, 6), B.C. 54 
 Trebatius (Fam. 7. 12), B.C. 53 
 „ (Fam. 7. 18), B.C. 53 
 Sittius (Fam. 5. 17), B.C. 52 . 
 Appius Claudius (Fam. 3. 2), B.c 
 Atticus (5. i), B.C. 51 . 
 
 „ (5. 10), B.C. 51 
 
 Memmius (Fam. 13. i), B.C. 51 
 Atticus (5. 20), B.C. 51 
 
 51
 
 XVI 
 
 COI^ TENTS. 
 
 LETTER 
 
 33. To Volumnius (Fam. 7. 32'), B.C. 51 . 
 
 34. From Cato to M. Cicero (Fam. 15. 5), b.c 
 
 35. To Atticns (6. 6), B.C. 50 . 
 
 36. To Cato (Fam. 15. 6), B.C. 50 
 
 37. To Tiro (Fam. 16. i), B.C. 50 
 
 38. „ „ (Fam. 16. 9), B.C. 50 
 
 39. To Atticus (7. 2), B.C. 50 . 
 
 40. To Tiro (Fam. 16. 11), B.C. 49 
 
 41. To Terentia (Fam. 14. 14), B.C. 49 
 
 42. To Atticus (8. 4), B.C. 49 . 
 
 43. „ „ (8. 5), B.C. 49 . 
 
 44. „ „ (8. 13), B.C. 49 
 
 45. „ ,, (11. 2), B.C. 48 
 
 46. To Varro (Fam. 9. i), B.C. 46 
 
 47. To Paetus (Fam. 9. 20), B.C. 46 
 
 48. To Curius (Fam. 7. 28), B.C. 46 
 
 49. To Servitis Snlpicius (Fam. 13. 28), B.C. 46 
 
 50. To Ampins Balbus (Fam. 6. 12), B.C. 46 
 
 51. To Atticus (12. 11), B.C. 46 
 
 52. To Dolabella (Fam. 9. 10), B.C. 45 
 
 53. To Lepta (Fam. 6. 18), B.C. 45 . 
 
 54. To Caius Cassius (Fam. 15. 16), B.C. 45 
 
 55. To Torquatus (Fam. 6. 3), B.C. 45 
 
 56. To Atticus (12. 14), B.C. 45 
 
 57. „ „ (12. 32), B.C. 45 
 
 58. From Servius Sulpicius to M. Cicero (Fam, 
 
 59. From Lucceius to M. Cicero (Fam. 5. 14), 
 
 60. To Lucceius (Fam. 5. 15), B.C. 45 
 
 61. To Atticus (13. 12), B.C. 45 
 
 62. „ „ (13. 13), B.C. 45 
 
 63. To Fadius Gallus (Fam. 7. 25), B.C. 45 
 
 64. 'To Atticus (13. 52), B.C. 45 
 
 65. To Curius (Fam. 7. 30), B.C. 44 
 
 Notes 
 
 Index 
 
 50 
 
 4- 5) 
 B.C 
 
 45 
 
 45
 
 SELECTION FROM THE LETTERS 
 
 OF 
 
 M. T. CICERO. 
 
 1. (ATT. I. 5) 
 
 Cicero announces the death of his cousin, replies to suggestions of 
 Atticus, and gives account of commissions with which he had charged 
 him. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Quantum dolorem acceperim et quanto fructu sim pri- 
 vatus et forensi et domestico Lucii fratris nostri morte, in 
 primis pro nostra consuetudine tu existimare potes; nam 
 mihi omnia, quae iucunda ex humanitate alterius et moribus 
 
 5 homini accidere possunt, ex illo accidebant : qua re non 
 dubito quin tibi quoque id molestum sit, cum et meo dolore 
 moveare et ipse omni virtute officioque ornatissimum tuique 
 et sua sponte et meo sermone amantem, adfinem amicumque 
 amiseris. Quod ad me scribis de sorore tua, testis erit tibi 
 
 10 ipsa, quantae mihi curae fuerit, ut Quinti fratris animus in 
 earn esset is, qui esse deberet ; quern cum esse offensiorem 
 arbitrarer, eas litteras ad eum misi, quibus et placarem ut 
 fratrem et monerem ut minorem et obiurgarem ut errantem : 
 itaque ex iis, quae postea saepe ab eo ad me scripta sunt, 
 
 iS confido ita esse omnia, ut et opoiteat et velimus. De litte- 
 rarum inkrmissione aine causa abs te accuser; numquam 
 
 B
 
 a A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 enim a Pomponia nostra certior sum factus esse cui dare 
 litteras possem, porro autem neque mihi accidit ut haberem 
 qui in Epirum proficisceretur, nequedum te Athenis esse 
 audiebamus. De Acutiliano autem negotio quod mihi man- ao 
 daras, ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni, confeceram, 
 sed accidit ut et contentione nihil opus esset et ut ego, qui 
 in te satis consilii statuerim esse, mallem Peducaeum tibi 
 consilium per litteras quam me dare. Etenim cum multos 
 dies aures meas Acutilio dedissem, cuius sermonis genus tibi 25 
 notum esse arbitror, non mihi grave duxi scribere ad te de 
 illius querimoniis, cum eas audire, quod erat subodiosum, 
 leve putassem ; sed abs te ipso, qui me accusas, unas mihi 
 scito litteras redditas esse, cum et otii ad scribendum plus et 
 facultatem dandi maiorem habueris. Quod scribis, etiam si 30 
 cuius animus in te esset offensior, a me recolligi oportere, 
 kneo, quid dicas, neque id neglexi, sed est miro quodam 
 modo adfectus. Ego autem, quae dicenda fuerunt de te, 
 non praeterii ; quid autem contendendum esset, ex tua 
 putabam voluntate me statuere oportere, quam si ad me 35 
 perscripseris, intelleges me neque diligentiorem esse voluisse, 
 quam tu esses, neque neglegentiorem fore, quam tu velis. 
 De Tadiana re, mecum Tadius locutus est te ita scripsisse, 
 nihil esse iam quod laboraretur, quoniam hereditas usu capta 
 esset. Id mirabamur te ignorare, de tutela legitima, in qua 40 
 dicitur esse puella, nihil usu capi posse. Epiroticam emptio- 
 nem gaudeo tibi placere. Quae tibi mandavi et quae tu 
 intelleges convenire nostro Tusculano, velim, ut scribis, 
 cures, quod sine molestia tua facere poteris ; nam nos ex 
 omnibus molestiis et laboribus uno illo in loco conquiesci- 45- 
 mus. Q. fratrem cotidie exspectamus. Terentia magnos 
 articulorum dolores habet ; et te et sororem tuam et matrem 
 maxime diligit salutemque tibi plurimam ascribit et Tulliola, 
 deliciae nostrae. Cura ut valeas et nos ames et tibi per- 
 suadeas te a me fraterne amari. 6°
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 3 
 
 2. (ATT. I. 3.) 
 
 Home news, including the death of Atticus' grandmother, and the 
 engagement of Cicero's daughter. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Aviam tuam scito desiderio tui mortuam esse et simul, 
 quod verita sit ne Latinae in officio non manerent et in 
 montem Albanum hostias non adducerent. Eius rei con- 
 solationem ad te L. Saufeium missurum esse arbitror. Nos 
 
 5 hie te ad mensem lanuarium exspectamus, ex quodam ru- 
 more an ex litteris tuis ad alios missis ; nam ad me de eo 
 nihil scripsisti. Signa, quae nobis curasti, ea sunt ad Caietam 
 exposita : nos ea nondum vidimus ; neque enim exeundi 
 Roma potestas nobis fuit ; misimus qui pro vectura solveret. 
 
 10 Te multum amamus, quod ea abs te diligenter parvoque 
 curata sunt. Quod ad me saepe scripsisti de nostro amico 
 placando, feci et expertus sum omnia, sed mirandum in 
 modum est animo abalienato ; quibus de suspitionibus, etsi 
 audisse te arbitror, tamen ex me, cum veneris, cognosces. 
 
 15 Sallustium praesentem restiluere in eius veterem gratiam non 
 potui. Hoc ad te scripsi, quod is me accusare de te solebat : 
 in se expertus est ilium esse minus exorabilem, meum stu- 
 dium nee tibi nee sibi defuisse. Tulliolam C. Pisoni L. f. 
 Frugi despondimus. 
 
 3.' (ATT. I. 2.) 
 
 The birth of Cicero's only son. The prospects of his canvass for tlie 
 consulship, and mention of a dishonourable stratagem. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 L. lulio Caesare C. Marcio Figulo consulibus filiolo me 
 auctum scito salva Terentia. Abs te tam diu nihil litterarum .-* 
 Ego de meis ad te rationibus scripsi antea diligenter. Hoc 
 tempore Catilinam, competitorem nostrum, defendere cogi- 
 
 B 2
 
 4 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 tamus ; iudices habemus, quos voluimus, summa accusatoris s 
 voluntate. Spero, si absolutus erit, coniunctiorem ilium nobis 
 fore in ratione petitionis ; sin aliter acciderit, humaniter fere- 
 mus. Tuo adventu nobis opus est maturo ; nam prorsus 
 summa hominum est opinio tuos familiares, nobiles homines, 
 adversarios honori nostro fore : ad eorum voluntatem mihi lo 
 conciliandam maximo te mihi usui fore video. Qua re 
 lanuario mense, ut constituisti, cura ut Romae sis. 
 
 >]/ 
 
 1 (FAM. 5. 7.) 
 
 Congratulations to Pompey on the successes announced in his letters, 
 and a frank expression of disappointment on Cicero's part that his own 
 services to Pompey were not more fully acknowledged therein. 
 
 M. TULLIUS M. F. CICERO S, D. CN. POMPEIO CN. F. MAGNO 
 IMPERATORI. 
 
 S. T. E. Q. V. B. E. Ex litteris tuis, quas publice misisti, 
 cepi una cum omnibus incredibilem voluptatem ; tantam 
 enim spem otii ostendisti, quantam ego semper omnibus te 
 uno fretus pollicebar ; sed hoc scito, tuos veteres hostes, 
 novos amicos, vehementer litteris perculsos atque ex magna 5 
 spe deturbatos iacere. Ad me autem litteras, quas misisti, 
 quamquam exiguam significationem tuae erga me voluntatis 
 habebant, tamen mihi scito iucundas fuisse ; nulla enim re 
 tam laetari soleo quam meorum officiorum conscientia, qui- 
 bus si quando non mutue respondetur, apud me plus officii 10 
 residere facillime patior : illud non dubito, quin, si te mea 
 summa erga te studia parum mihi adiunxerint, res publica 
 nos inter nos conciliatura coniuncturaque sit. Ac ne ignores, 
 quid ego in tuis litteris desiderarim, scribam aperte, sicut et 
 m.ea natura et nostra amicitia postulat : res eas gessi, quarum 15 
 aliquam in tuis litteris et nostrae necessitudinis et rei publicae 
 causa gratulationem exspectavi ; quam ego abs te praetermis- 
 sam esse arbitror, quod vererere ne cuius animum offenderes.
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICEkO. 5 
 
 Sed scito ea, quae nos pro salute patriae gessimus, orbis 
 20 terrae iudicio ac testimonio comprobari ; quae, cum veneris, 
 tanto consilio tantaque animi magnitudine a me gesta esse 
 cognosces, ut tibi multo maiori, quam Africanus fuit, me non 
 multo minorem quam Laelium facile et in re publica et in 
 amicitia adiunctum esse patiare. 
 
 5. (FA]\r. 5. 5.) 
 
 Cicero endeavours to obtain for Atticus the assistance of C. Antonius by 
 reminding the latter of favours past, and of his need for further help. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. C. ANTONIO M. F. IMP. 
 
 Etsi statueram nuUas ad te litteras mittere nisi commen- 
 daticias — non quo eas intellegerem satis apud te valere, 
 sed ne iis, qui me rogarent, aliquid de nostra coniunctione 
 inminutum esse ostenderem — , tamen, cum T. Pomponius, 
 
 5 homo omnium meorum in te studiorum et officiorum maxime 
 conscius, tui cupidus, nostri amantissimus, ad te proficisce- 
 retur, aliquid mihi scribendum putavi, praesertim cum aliter 
 ipsi Pomponio satis facere non possem. Ego si abs te 
 summa officia desiderem, mirum nemini videri debeat; 
 
 10 omnia enim a me in te profecta sunt, quae ad tuum com- 
 modum, quae ad honorem; quae ad dignitatem pertinerent : 
 pro his rebus nullam mihi abs te relatam esse gratiam, tu es 
 optimus testis, contra etiam esse aliquid abs te profectum ex 
 multis audivi; nam 'comperisse' me non audeo dicere, ne 
 
 15 forte id ipsum verbum ponam, quod abs te aiunt falso in me 
 solere conferri. Sed ea, quae ad me delata sunt, malo te ex 
 Pomponio, cui non minus molesta fuerunt, quam ex meis 
 litteris cognoscere. INIeus in te animus quam singulari officio 
 fuerit, et senatus et populus Romanus testis est; tu quam 
 
 20 gratus erga me fueris, ipse existimare potes ; quantum mihi 
 debeas, ceteri existimant. Ego quae tua causa antea feci, 
 voluntate sum adductus posteaque constantia; sed reliqua,
 
 6 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 mihi crede, multo maius meum studium maioremque gravl- 
 tatem et laborem desiderant: quae ego si non profundere 
 ac perdere videbor, omnibus meis viribus sustinebo ; sin 25 
 autem ingrata esse sentiam, non committam ut tibi ipse 
 insanire videar. Ea quae sint et cuius modi, poteris ex 
 Pomponio cognoscere. Atque ipsum tibi Pomponium ita 
 commendo, ut, quamquam ipsius causa confido te facturum 
 esse omnia, tamen abs te hoc petam, ut, si quid in te residet 30 
 amoris erga me, id omne in Pomponii negotio ostendas : hoc 
 mihi nihil gratius facere potes. 
 
 6. (ATT. I. 17.) 
 
 An account by Atticus of an estrangement between himself and 
 Quintus leads Cicero to assure Atticus that he at least appreciates his 
 true friendship. The conclusion of the letter is devoted to politics. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Magna mihi varietas voluntatis et dissimilitudo opinionis 
 ac iudicii Q. fratris mei demonstrata est ex litteris tuis, in 
 quibus ad me epistolarum illius exempla misisti ; qua ex re 
 et molestia sum tanta adfectus, quantam mihi mens amor 
 summus erga utrumque vestrum adferre debuit, et admira- 5 
 tione, quidnam accidisset quod adferret Q. fratri meo aut 
 offensionem tarn gravem aut commutationem tantam volun- 
 tatis. Atque illud a me iam ante intellegebatur, quod te 
 quoque ipsum discedentem a nobis suspicari videbam, sub- 
 esse nescio quid opinionis incommodae sauciumque esse 10 
 eius animum et insedisse quasdam odiosas suspitiones, qui- 
 bus ego mederi cum cuperem antea saepe et vehementius 
 etiam post sortitionem provinciae, nee tantum intellegebam 
 ei esse ofFensionis, quantum litterae tuae declarant, nee tan- 
 tum proficiebam, quantum volebam. Sed tamen hoc me 15 
 ipse consolabar, quod non dubitabam quin te ille aut Dyr- 
 rhachii aut in istis locis uspiam visurus esset ; quod cum 
 accidisset, confidebam ac mihi persuaseram fore ut omnia
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. f 
 
 placarentur inter vos non modo sermone ac disputatione, sed 
 
 20 conspectu ipso congressuque vestro. Nam, quanta sit in 
 Quinto fratre meo comitas, quanta iucunditas, quam mollis 
 animus ad accipiendam et ad deponendam offensionem, nihil 
 attinet me ad te, qui ea nosti, scribere. Sed accidit perin- 
 commode, quod eum nusquam vidisti ; valuit enim plus quod 
 
 25 erat illi non nullorum artificiis inculcatum quam aut officium 
 aut necessitudo aut amor vester ille pristinus, qui plurimum 
 valere debuit. Atque huius incommodi culpa ubi resideat, 
 facilius possum existumare quam scribere ; vereor enim ne, 
 dum defendam meos, non parcam tuis ; nam sic intellego, 
 
 30 ut nihil a domesticis volneris factum sit, illud quidem, quod 
 erat, eos certe sanare potuisse. Sed huiusce rei totius vitium, 
 quod aliquanto etiam latius patet quam videtur, praesenti tibi 
 commodius exponam. De iis litteris, quas ad te Thessalonica 
 misit, et de sermonibus, quos ab illo et Romae apud amicos 
 
 35 tuos et in itinere habitos putas, ecquid tantum causae sit 
 ignoro, sed omnis in tua posita est humanitate mihi spes 
 huius levandae molestiae. Nam, si ita statueris, et irritabiles 
 animos esse optimorum saepe hominum et eosdem placabiles, 
 et esse banc agilitatem, ut ita dicam, mollitiamque naturae 
 
 40 plerumque bonitatis et, id quod caput est, nobis inter nos 
 nostra sive incommoda sive vitia sive iniurias esse tolerandas, 
 facile haec, quem ad modum spero, mitigabuntur : quod ego 
 ut facias te oro ; nam ad me, qui te unice diligo, maxime 
 pertinet neminem esse meorum, qui aut te non amet aut abs 
 
 45 te non ametur. Ilia pars epistolae tuae minime fuit neces- 
 saria, in qua exponis, quas facultates aut provincialium aut 
 urbanorum commodorum et aliis temporibus et me ipso con- 
 sule praetermiseris ; mihi enim perspecta est ingenuitas et 
 magnitudo animi tui, neque ego inter me atque te quicquam 
 
 50 interesse umquam duxi praeter voluntatem institutae vitae, 
 quod me ambitio quaedam ad honorum studium, te autem 
 alia minime reprehendenda ratio ad honestum otium duxit :
 
 8 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 vera quidem laude probitatis, diligentiae, religionis neque 
 me tibi neque quemquam antepono, amoris vero erga me, 
 cum a fraterno [amore] domesticoque discessi, tibi primas 55 
 defero ; vidi enim, vidi penitusque perspexi in meis variis 
 temporibus et soUicitudines et laetitias tuas : fuit mihi saepe 
 et laudis nostrae gratulatio tua iucunda et timoris consolatio 
 grata ; quin mihi nunc te absente non solum consilium, quo 
 tu excellis, sed etiam sermonis communicatio, quae mihi 60 
 suavissima tecum solet esse, maxime deest — quid dicam ? in 
 publica re, quo in genere mihi neglegenti esse non licet, an 
 in forensi labore, quern antea propter ambitionem sustine- 
 bam, nunc, ut dignitatem tueri gratia possim, an m ipsis 
 domesticis negotiis ? in quibus ego cum antea, turn vero post 65 
 discessum fratris, te sermonesque nostros desidero. Postremo 
 non labor mens, non requies, non negotium, non otium, non 
 forenses res, non domesticae, rion publicae, non privatae carere 
 diutius tuo suavissimo atque amantissimo consilio ac sermone 
 possunt. Atque harum rerum commemorationem verecundia 70 
 saepe impedivit utriusque nostrum : nunc autem ea fuit ne- 
 cessaria propter eam partem epistolae tuae, per quam te ac 
 mores tuos mihi purgatos ac probatos esse voluisti. Atque 
 in ista incommoditate alienati illius animi et offensi illud 
 inest tamen commodi, quod et mihi et ceteris amicis tuis 75 
 nota fuit et abs te aliquando testificata tua voluntas omit- 
 tendae provinciae, ut, quod una non estis, non dissensione 
 ac discidio vestro, sed voluntate ac iudicio tuo factum esse 
 videatur. Qua re et ilia, quae violata, expiabuntur et haec 
 nostra, quae sunt sanctissime conservata, suam religionem 80 
 obtinebunt. Nos hie in re publica infirma, misera commu- 
 tabilique versamur: credo enim te audisse nostros equites 
 paene a senatu esse disiunctos ; qui primum illud valde gra- 
 viter tulerunt, promulgatum ex senatus consulto fuisse, ut de 
 eis, qui ob iudicandum pecimiam accepissent, quaereretur. 85 
 Qua in re decernenda cum ego casu non adfuissem sensis-
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. Q 
 
 semque id equestrem ordinem ferre moleste neque aperte 
 dicere, obiurgavi senatum, ut mihi visus sum, summa cum 
 auctoritate, et in causa non verecunda admodum gravis et 
 90 copiosus fui. Ecce aliae deliciae equitum vix ferendae ! quas 
 ego non solum tuli, sed etiam ornavi : Asiam qui de censori- 
 bus conduxerant questi sunt in senatu se cupiditate prolapsos 
 nimium magno conduxisse ; ut induceretur locado, postula- 
 verunt. Ego princeps in adiutoribus atque adeo secundus : 
 
 95 nam, ut illi auderent hoc postulare, Crassus eos impulit. 
 Invidiosa res, turpis postulatio et confessio temeritatis ; sum- 
 mum erat periculum ne, si niliil impetrassent, plane aliena- 
 rentur a senatu : huic quoque rei subventum est maxime a 
 nobis perfectumque, ut frequentissimo senatu et liberalissimo 
 
 100 uterentur, multaque a me de ordinum dignitate et concordia 
 dicta sunt Kal. Decembr. et postridie ; neque adhuc res con- 
 fecta est, sed voluntas senatus perspecta. Unus enim contra 
 dixerat Metellus consul designatus ; quin erat dicturus, ad 
 quern propter diei brevitatem perventum non est, heros ille 
 
 105 noster Cato. Sic ego conservans rationem institutionemque 
 nostram tueor, ut possum, illam a me congludnatam concor- 
 diam, sed tamen, quoniam ista sunt tam infirma, munitur 
 quaedam nobis ad retinendas opes nostras tuta, ut spero, via, 
 quam tibi litteris satis explicare non possum, significatione 
 
 no parva ostendam tamen : utor Pompeio familiarissime. Video, 
 quid dicas : cavebo quae sunt cavenda ac scribam alias ad te 
 de meis consiliis capessendae rei publicae plura. Lucceium 
 scito [consulatum] habere in animo statim petere ; duo enim 
 soli dicuntur petituri : Caesar cum eo coire per Arrium co- 
 
 115 gitat, et Bibulus cum hoc se putat per C. Pisonem posse 
 coniungi. Rides ? Non sunt haec ridicula, mihi crede. Quid 
 aliud scribam ad te ? quid ? multa sunt ; sed si in aliud 
 tempus exspectare velis, cures ut sciam. lam illud moleste 
 rogo, quod maxime cupio, ut quam primum venias. Nonis 
 
 1 20 Decembribus.
 
 10 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 / 
 
 7. (ATT. I. 1 8.) 
 
 Cicero desires the society of a man like Atticus for conversation 
 with him on the threatening aspect of affairs, which he proceeds to 
 unfold. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Nihil mihi nunc scito tarn deesse quam hominem eum, 
 quocum omnia, quae me cura aliqua adficiunt, una com- 
 municem, qui me amet, qui sapiat, quicum ego ex animo 
 loquar, nihil fingam, nihil dissimulem, nihil obtegam. Abest 
 enim frater dcpeXea-raTos et amantissimus. * INIetellus non 5 
 homo, sed 'litus atque aer et solitude mera !' tu autem, qui 
 saepissime curam et angorem animi mei sermone et consilio 
 levasti tuo, qui mihi et in publica re socius et in privatis 
 omnibus conscius et omnium meorum sermonum et consili- 
 orum particeps esse soles, ubinam es ? ita sum ab omnibus 10 
 destitutus, ut tantum requietis habeam, quantum cum uxore 
 et filiola et mellito Cicerone consumitur ; nam illae ambitiosae 
 nostrae fucosaeque amicitiae sunt in quodam splendore fo- 
 rensi, fructum domesticum non habent. Itaque, cum bene 
 completa domus est tempore matutino, cum ad forum stipati 15 
 gregibus amicorum descendimus, reperire ex magna turba 
 neminem possumus, quocum aut iocari libere aut suspirare 
 familiariter possimus. Qua re te exspectamus, te desidera- 
 mus, te iam etiam arcessimus ; multa sunt enim, quae me 
 sollicitant anguntque, quae mihi videor aures nactus tuas ^o 
 unius ambulationis sermone exhaurire posse. Ac domesti- 
 carum quidem sollicitudinum aculeos omnes et scrupulos 
 occultabo, neque ego huic epistolae atque ignoto tabellario 
 committam. Atqui hi — nolo enim te permoveri — non sunt 
 permolesti, sed tamen insident et urgent et nullius amantis 25 
 consilio aut sermone requiescunt. In re publica vero, quam- 
 quam animus est praesens, t tamen voluntas etiam atque etiam 
 ipsa medicina efficit: nam, ut ea breviter, quae post tuum
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. II 
 
 discessum acta sunt, colligam, iam exclames necesse est res 
 
 30 Romanas diutius stare non posse. Etenim post profectionem 
 tuam primus, ut opinor, introitus fuit in causam fabulae Clo- 
 dianae, in qua ego nactus, ut mihi videbar, locum resecandae 
 libidinis et coercendae iuventutis, vehemens fui et omnes 
 profudi vires animi atque ingenii mei, non odio adductus 
 
 35 alicuius, sed spe corrigendae et sanandae civitatis : adflicta 
 res publica est empto constupratoque iudicio. Vide, quae 
 sint postea consecuta: consul est impositus is nobis, quern 
 nemo praeter nos philosophos aspicere sine suspiritu posset. 
 Quantum hoc volnus ! Facto senatus consult© de ambitu, de 
 
 40 iudiciis, nulla lex perlata, exagitatus senatus, alienati equites 
 Romani : sic ille annus duo firmamenta rei publicae per me 
 unum constituta evertit ; nam et senatus auctoritatem abiecit 
 et ordinum concordiam disiunxit. Instat hie nunc [iHe] 
 annus egregius. Eius initium eius modi fuit, ut anniversaria 
 
 45 sacra luventatis non committerentur ; nam I\I. Luculli uxo- 
 rem Memmius suis sacris initiavit. IMenelaus aegre id passus 
 divortium fecit : quamquam ille pastor Idaeus Menelaum 
 solum contempserat, hie noster Paris tam Menelaum quam 
 Agamemnonem liberum non putavit. Est autem C. Heren- 
 
 50 nius quidam tribunus pi., quern tu fortasse ne nosti quidem 
 — tametsi potes nosse ; tribulis enim tuus est, et Sextus, 
 pater eius, nummos vobis dividere solebat — : is ad plebem 
 P. Clodium traducit, idemque fert, ut universus populus in 
 campo Martio suffragium de re Clodii ferat ; hunc ego accepi 
 
 55 in senatu, ut soleo, sed nihil est illo homine lentius. Metellus 
 est consul egregius et nos amat, sed imminuit auctoritatem 
 suam, quod habet dicis causa promulgatum illud idem de 
 Clodio ; Auli autem filius, O di immortales ! quam ignavus 
 ac sine animo miles ! quam dignus, qui Palicano, sicut facit, 
 
 60 OS ad male audiendum cotidie praebeat ! Agraria autem pro- 
 mulgata est a Flavio, sane levis, eadem fere, quae fuit Plotia. 
 Sed interea ttoKitikos dv^p ov^ 6vap quisquam inveniri potest ;
 
 12 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 qui poterat, familiaris noster — sic est enim, volo te hoc 
 scire — Pompeius togulam illam pictam silentio tuetur suam. 
 Crassus verbum nullum contra gratiam. Ceteros iam nosti, 65 
 qui ita sunt stulti, ut amissa re publica piscinas suas fore 
 salvas sperare videantur. Unus est, qui curet constantia 
 magis et integritate, quam, ut mihi videtur, consilio aut 
 ingenio, Cato, qui miseros publicanos, quos habuit aman- 
 tissimos sui, tertium iam mensem vexat neque iis a senatu 70 
 responsum dari patitur : ita nos cogimur reliquis de rebus 
 nihil decernere ante, quam publicanis responsum sit ; qua re 
 eiiam legationes reiectum iri puto. Nunc vides, quibus 
 fluctibus iactemur, et, si ex iis, quae scripsimus tanta, etiam 
 a me non scripta perspicis, revise nos aliquando et, quam- 75 
 quam sunt haec fugienda, quo te voco, tamen fac ut amorem 
 nostrum tanti aestimes, ut eo vel cum his molestiis pervenire 
 velis ; nam, ne absens censeare, curabo edicendum et pro- 
 ponendum locis omnibus ; sub lustrum autem censeri ger- 
 mani n^^gotiatoris est. Qua re cura, ut te quam primum 80 
 videamus. Vale, xi. Kal. Febr. Q. INIetello L. Afranio 
 coss. 
 
 8. (ATT. 2. 6.) 
 
 Cicero's stay near Antium makes him disinclined to either literary or 
 political exertion. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Quod tibi superioribus litteris promiseram, fore ut opus 
 exstaret huius peregrinationis, nihil iam magno opere con- 
 firmo ; sic enim sum complexus otium, ut ab eo divelli non 
 queam ; itaque aut libris me delecto, quorum habeo Antii 
 festivam copiam, aut fluctus numero — nam ad lacertas cap- 5 
 tandas tempestates non sunt idoneae — : a scribendo prorsus 
 abhorret animus. Etenim yfmypa^iKa, quae constitueram, 
 magnum opus est : ita valde Eratosthenes, quem mihi pro- 
 posueram, a Serapione et ab Hipparcho reprehenditur ; quid
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 3 
 
 lo censes, si Tyrannic accesserit ? et iiercule sunt res difficiles 
 ad explicandum et o/xoftSei?, nee tarn possunt av6r)poypa(^el(T6ai, 
 quam videbantur, et, quod caput est, mihi quaevis satis iusta 
 causa cessandi est, qui etiam dubitem an hie Antii considam 
 et hoc tempus omne consumam, ubi quidem ego mallem 
 
 15 duumvirum quam Romae fuisse. Tu vero sapiendor Buthroti 
 domum parasti. Sed, mihi crede, proxima est illi municipio 
 haec Antiatium civitas : esse locum tarn prope Romam, ubi 
 multi sint, qui Vatinium numquam viderint? ubi nemo sit 
 praeter me, qui quemquam ex vigintiviris vivum et salvum 
 
 20 velit ? ubi me interpellet nemo, diligant omnes ? hie, hie 
 nimirum troKiTevTiov : nam istic non solum non licet, sed 
 etiam taedet ; itaque avi<^oTa, quae tibi uni legamus, Theo- 
 pompio genere aut etiam asperiore multo pangentur. Neque 
 aliud iam quicquam TroXtrew/nat nisi odisse improbos, et id 
 
 25 ipsum nuUo cum stomacho, sed potius cum aliqua scribendi 
 voluptate. Sed ut ad rem : scripsi ad quaestores urbanos de 
 Quinti fratris negotio: vide, quid narrent, ecquae spes sit 
 denarii an cistophoro Pompeiano iaceamus. Praeterea de 
 muro statue quid faciendum sit. Aliud quid ? Etiam. Quando 
 
 30 te proficisci istinc putes, fac ut sciam. 
 
 9. (ATT. 2. 20.) 
 
 In spite of the friendship of Pompey, Cicero is uneasy at the danger 
 threatened to himself by the action of Clodius, and to the state by that 
 of Caesar. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Anicato, ut te velle intellexeram, nullo loco defui ; Nume- 
 stium ex litteris tuis studiose scriptis libenter in amicitiam 
 recepi ; Caecilium, quibus rebus possum, tueor diligenter. 
 Varro satis facit nobis ; Pompeius amat nos carosque habet. 
 S'Credis.'"' inquies. Credo: prorsus mihi persuadet. Sed 
 quia volgo pragmatici homines omnibus historiis, praeceptis,
 
 14 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 versibus denique cavere iubent et vetant credere, alteram 
 facio, ut caveam, alterum, ut non credam, facere non possum. 
 Clodius adhuc mihi denuntiat periculum : Pompeius adfirmat 
 non esse periculum ; adiurat ; addit etiam se prius occisum lo 
 iri ab eo quam me violatum iri. Tractatur res. Simul et 
 quid erit certi, scribam ad te : si erit pugnandum, arcessam 
 ad societatem laboris ; si quies dabitur, ab Amalthea te non 
 commovebo. De re piiblica breviter ad te scribam : iam enim 
 charta ipsa ne nos prodat pertimesco; itaque posthac, si 15 
 erunt mihi plura ad te scribenda, dWijyopiais obscurabo. 
 Nunc quidem novo quodam morbo civitas moritur, ut, cum 
 omnes ea, quae sunt acta, improbent, querantur, doleant, 
 varietas nulla in re sit aperteque loquantur et iam clare 
 gemant, tamen medicina nulla adferatur ; neque enim resisti 20 
 sine internecione posse arbitramur, nee videmus, qui finis 
 cedendi praeter exitium futurus sit. Bibulus hominum admi- 
 ratione et benevolentia in caelo est ; edicta eius et contiones 
 describunt et legunt ; novo quodam genere in summam glo- 
 riam venit : populare nunc nihil tarn est quam odium popu- 25 
 larium. Haec quo sint eruptura, timeo; sed, si dispicere 
 quid coepero, scribam ad te apertius. Tu, si me amas tan- 
 tum, quantum profecto amas, expeditus facito ut sis, si incla- 
 maro, ut accurras ; sed do operam et dabo ne sit necesse. 
 Quod scripseram f et Furio scripturum, nihil necesse est tuum 30 
 nomen mutare : me faciam Laelium et te Atticum ; neque 
 utar meo chirographo neque signo, si modo erunt eius modi 
 litterae, quas in alienum incidere nolim. Diodotus mortuus 
 est ; reliquit nobis HS. fortasse centiens. Comitia Bibulus 
 [cum] Archilochio edicto in ante diem xv. Kal. Novembr, 35 
 distulit. A Vibio libros accepi : poeta ineptus, nee tamen 
 scit nihil et est non inutilis. Describo et remitto.
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 15 
 
 10. (FAM. 14. 4.) 
 
 Cicero on his way into exile discloses the depth of his sorrow to his 
 wife and family. 
 
 TULLIUS S. D. TERENTIAE ET TULLIAE ET CICERONI SUIS. 
 
 Ego minus saepe do ad vos litteras, quam possum, pro- 
 pterea quod cum omnia mihi tempora sunt misera, tum vero, 
 cum aut scribo ad vos aut vestras lego, conficior lacrimis sic, 
 ut ferre non possim. Quod utinam minus vitae cupidi fuis- 
 
 5 semus ! certe nihil aut non multum in vita mali vidissemus. 
 Quod si nos ad aliquam alicuius commodi aliquando recu- 
 perandi spem fortuna reservavit, minus est erratum a nobis ; 
 sin haec mala fixa sunt, ego vero te quam primum, mea vita, 
 cupio videre et in tuo conplexu emori, quoniam neque di, 
 
 10 quos tu castissime coluisti, neque homines, quibus ego sem- 
 per servivi, nobis gratiam rettulerunt. Nos Brundisii apud 
 M. Laenium Flaccum dies xiii. fuimus, virum optimum, qui 
 periculum fortunarum et capitis sui prae mea salute neglexit 
 neque legis inprobissimae poena deductus est, quo minus 
 
 15 hospitii et amicitiae ius officiumque praestaret : huic utinam 
 aliquando gratiam referre possimus ! habebimus quidem 
 semper. Brundisio profecti sumus prid. K. Mai. ; per Mace- 
 doniam Cyzicum petebamus. O me perditum ! O adflictum 1 
 quid nunc rogem te, ut venias, mulierem aegram, et corpora 
 
 30 et animo confectam ? non rogem ? sine te igitur sim ? opinor, 
 sic agam : si est spes nostri reditus, eam confirmes et re 
 adiuves; sin, ut ego metuo, transactum est, quoquo mode 
 potes ad me fac venias. Unum hoc scito : si te habebo, non 
 mihi videbor plane perisse. Sed quid TuUiola mea fiet ? iam 
 
 25 id vos videte ; mihi deest consilium. Sed certe, quoquo 
 modo se res habebit, illius misellae et matrimonio et famae 
 serviendum est. Quid? Cicero mens quid aget? iste vero
 
 1 6 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 sit in sinu semper et conplexu meo. Non queo plura iam 
 scribere ; inpedit maeror. Tu quid egeris, nescio : utrum 
 aliquid teneas an, quod metuo, plane sis spoliata. Pisonem, 30 
 ut scribis, spero fore semper nostrum. De familia liberata 
 nihil est quod te moveat : primum tuis ita promissum est, 
 te facturam esse, ut quisque asset meritus ; est autem in 
 officio adhuc Orpheus, praeterea magno opere nemo. Ce- 
 terorum servorum ea causa est, ut, si res a nobis abisset, 35 
 liberti nostri essent, si obtinere potuissent, sin ad nos per- 
 tineret, servirent, praeterquam oppido pauci. Sed haec 
 minora sunt. Tu quod me hortaris, ut animo sim magno 
 et spem habeam recuperandae salutis, id velim sit eius modi, 
 ut recte sperare possimus. Nunc, miser quando tuas iam 40 
 litteras accipiam ? quis ad me perferet ? quas ego exspec- 
 tassem Brundisii, si esset Hcitum per nautas, qui tempesta- 
 tem praetermittere noluerunt. Quod reliquum est, sustenta 
 te, mea Terentia, ut potes. Honestissime viximus, florui- 
 mus ; non vitium nostrum, sed virtus nostra nos adflixit. 45 
 Peccatum est nullum, nisi quod non una animam cum 
 ornamentis amisimus. Sed si hoc fuit liberis nostris gra- 
 tius, nos vivere, cetera, quamquam ferenda non sunt, fera- 
 mus. Atque ego, qui te confirmo, ipse me non possum. 
 Clodium Philhetaerum, quod valetudine oculorum inpedie- 50 
 batur, hominem fidelem, remisi. Sallustius officio vincit 
 omnes. Pescennius est perbenevolus nobis, quem semper 
 spero tui fore observantem. Sicca dixerat se mecum fore, 
 sed Brundisio discessit. Cura, quod potes, ut valeas et sic 
 existimes, me vehementius tua miseria quam mea commo- 55 
 veri. Mea Terentia, fidissima atque optima uxor, ut mea 
 carissima filiola, et spes reliqua nostra, Cicero, valete. Pr. 
 K. Mai. Brundisio.
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. If 
 
 11. (ATT. 3. 7.) 
 
 Cicero replies to an invitation from Atticus with a despondency similar 
 to that expressed in the previous letter. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Brundisium veni a. d. xiiii. Kal. Maias : eo die pueri tui 
 mihi a te litteras reddiderunt, et alii pueri post diem tertium 
 eius diei alias litteras attulerunt. Quod me rogas et hortaris, 
 ut apud te in Epiro sim, voluntas tua mihi valde grata est et 
 5 minime nova, Esset consilium mihi quidem optatum, si 
 liceret ibi omne tempus consumere — odi enim celebritatem, 
 fugio homines, lucem aspicere vix possum — esset mihi ista 
 solitudo, praesertim tam familiari in loco, non amara; sed 
 itineris causa ut devorterer, primum est devium, deinde ab 
 
 10 Antronio et ceteris quadridui, deinde sine te ; nam castellum 
 munitum habitanti mihi prodesset, transeunti non est neces- 
 sarium. Quod si auderem, Athenas peterem; sane ita 
 cadebat, ut vellem : nunc et nostri hostes ibi sunt et te non 
 habemus et veremur ne interpretentur illud quoque oppidum 
 
 15 ab Italia non satis abesse, nee scribis, quam ad diem te 
 exspectemus. Quod me ad vitam vocas, unum efficis, ut a 
 me manus abstineam, alterum non potes, ut me non nostri 
 consilii vitaeque paeniteat : quid enim est, quod me retmeat, 
 praesertim si spes ea non est, quae nos proficiscentes prose- 
 
 20 quebatur ? Non faciam ut enumerem miserias omnes, in quas 
 incidi per summam iniuriam et scelus non tam inimicorum 
 meorum quam invidorum, ne et meum maerorem exagitem 
 et te in eundem luctum vocem : hoc adfirmo, neminem um- 
 quam tanta calamitate esse adfectum, nemini mortem magis 
 
 25 optandam fuisse, cuius oppetendae tempus honestissimum 
 praetermissum est : reliqua tempora sunt non tam ad medi- 
 cinam quam ad finem doloris. De re publica video te colli- 
 gere omnia, quae putes aliquam spem mihi posse adferre 
 
 c
 
 1 8 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 mutandarum rerum, quae, quamquam exigua sunt, tamen, 
 quoniam placet, exspectemus. Tu nihilo minus, si pro- 30 
 peraris, nos consequere ; nam aut accedemus in Epirum aut 
 tarde per Candaviam ibimus. Dubitationem autem de Epiro 
 non inconstantia nostra adferebat, sed quod de fratre, ubi 
 eum visuri essemus, nesciebamus; quern quidem ego nee 
 (/uo modo visurus nee ubi dimissurus sim seio. Id est maxi- 35 
 mum et miserrimum mearum omnium miseriarum. Ego at 
 saepius ad te et plura scriberem, nisi mihi dolor meus cum 
 omnes partes mentis, tum maxime huius generis facultatem 
 ademisset. Videre te cupio. Cura ut valeas. Data pr. 
 Kal. Mai. Brundisii. 4° 
 
 12. (Q. FR. I. 3.) 
 
 Cicero writes to his brother Quintus in the same strain as he had used 
 to Terentia and Atticus. 
 
 MARCUS QUINTO FRATRI SALUTEM. 
 
 Mi frater, mi frater, mi frater, tune id veritus es, ne ego 
 iracundia aliqua adductus pueros ad te sine litteris miserim ? 
 aut etiam ne te videre noluerim ? ego tibi irascerer ? tibi ego 
 possem irasci ? scilicet, tu enim me adfiixisti ; tui me inimici, 
 tua me invidia, ae non ego te misere perdidi. Meus ille lau- 5 
 datus consulatus mihi te, liberos, patriam, fortunas, tibi velim 
 ne quid eripuerit praeter unum me. Sed certe a te mihi omnia 
 semper honesta et iucunda ceciderunt ; a me tibi luctus meae 
 calamitatis, metus tuae, desiderium, maeror, solitudo. Ego te 
 videre noluerim ? immo vero me a te videri nolui : non enim 1 o 
 vidisses fratrem tuum, non eum, quem reliqueras, non eum, 
 quem noras, non eum, quem flens flentem, prosequentem 
 proficiscens dimiseras ; ne vestigium quidem eius nee simula- 
 crum, sed quandam effigiem spirantis mortui. Atque utinam 
 me mortuum prius vidisses aut audissesl utinam te non so- 15
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 9 
 
 lum vitae, sed etiam dignitatis meae superstitem reliquissem ! 
 sed tester omnes deos me hac una voce a morte esse revo- 
 catum, quod omnes in mea vita partem aliquam tuae vitae 
 repositam esse dicebant : qua re peccavi scelerateque feci. 
 
 20 Nam si occidissem, mors ipsa meam pietatem amoremque 
 in te facile defenderet : nunc commisi, ut me vivo careres, 
 vivo me aliis indigeres, mea vox in domesticis periculis potis- 
 simum occideret, quae saepe alienissimis praesidio fuisset. 
 Nam quod ad te pueri sine litteris venerunt, quoniam vides 
 
 25 non fuisse iracundiam causam, certe pigritia fuit et quaedam 
 infinita vis lacrimarum et dolorum. Haec ipsa me quo fletu 
 putas scripsisse? eodem, quo te legere certo scio. An ego 
 possum aut non cogitare aliquando de te aut umquam sine 
 lacrimis cogitare ? cum enim le desidero, fratrem solum desi- 
 
 30 dero ? ego vero suavitate fratrem prope aequalem, obsequio 
 iilium, consilio parentem. Quid mihi sine te umquam aut 
 tibi sine me iucundum fuit ? quid quod eodem tempore desi- 
 dero filiam ? qua pietate, qua modestia, quo ingenio ! effigiem 
 oris, sermonis, animi mei ! quid filium venustissimum mihi- 
 
 35 que dulcissimum? quem ego ferus ac ferreus e conplexu 
 dimisi meo, sapientiorem puerum quam vellem: sentiebat 
 enim miser iam, quid ageretur. Quid vero tuum filium, 
 imaginem tuam, quem mens Cicero et amabat ut fratrem et 
 iam ut maiorem fratrem verebatur? quid quod mulierem 
 
 40 miserrimam, fidelissimam coniugem, me prosequi non sum 
 passus, ut esset, quae reliquias communis calamitatis, com- 
 munes liberos tueretur? sed tamen, quoquo modo potui, 
 scripsi et dedi litteras ad te Philogono, liberto tuo, quas 
 credo tibi postea redditas esse ; in quibus idem te hortor et 
 
 45 rogo, quod pueri tibi verbis meis nuntiarunt, ut Romam 
 protinus pergas et properes. Primum enim te praesidio esse 
 volui, si qui essent inimici, quorum crudelitas nondum esset 
 nostra calamitate satiata ; deinde congressus nostri lamenta- 
 tionem pertimui; digressum vero non tulissem, atque etiam 
 
 c 2
 
 20 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 id ipsum, quod tu scribis, metuebam, ne a me distrahi non 50 
 posses. His de causis hoc maximum malum, quod te non 
 vidi, quo nihil amantissimis et coniunctissimis fratribus acer- 
 bius miseriusw^ videtur accidere potuisse, minus acerbum, 
 minus miserum fuit, quam fuisset cum congressio, turn vero 
 digressio nostra. Nunc, si potes, id quod ego, qui tibi sem- 55 
 per fords videbar, non possum, erige te et confirma, si qua 
 subeunda dimicatio erit: spero, si quid mea spes habet 
 auctoritatis, tibi et integritatem tuam et amorem in te civitatis 
 et aliquid etiam misericordiam nostri praesidii laturam; sin 
 eris ab isto periculo vacuus, ages scilicet, si quid agi posse 60 
 de nobis putabis. De quo scribunt ad me quidem multi 
 multa et se sperare demonstrant, sed ego quod sperem non 
 dispicio, cum inimici plurimum valeant, amici partim dese- 
 ruerint me, partim etiam prodiderint, qui in meo reditu for- 
 tasse reprehensionem sui sceleris pertimescant. Sed, ista 65 
 qualia sint, tu velim perspicias mihique declares. Ego tamen, 
 quam diu tibi opus erit, si quid periculi subeundum videbis, 
 vivam; diutius in hac vita esse non possum: neque enim 
 tantum virium habet uUa aut prudentia aut doctrina, ut tan- 
 tum dolorem possit sustinere. Scio fuisse et honestius mori- 70 
 endi tempus et utilius, sed non hoc solum, multa alia prae- 
 termisi, quae si queri velim praeterita, nihil agam nisi ut 
 augeam dolorem tuum, indicem stultitiam meam. Illud qui- 
 dem nee faciendum est nee fieri potest, me diutius, quam 
 aut tuum tempus aut fijma spes postulabit, in tam misera 75 
 tamque turpi vita commorari, ut, qui modo fratre fuerim, 
 liberis, coniuge, copiis, genere ipso pecuniae beatissimus, 
 dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior quam 
 qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi, is nunc in hac tam adflicta 
 perditaque fortuna neque me neque meos lugere diutius 80 
 possim. Qua re quid ad me scripsisti de permutatione ? 
 quasi vero nunc me non tuae facultates sustineant, qua in re 
 ipsa video miser et sentio quid sceleris admiserim, cum de
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 21 
 
 visceribus tuis et filii tui satis facturus sis quibus debes, ego 
 
 85 acceptam ex aerario pecuniam tuo nomine frustra dissiparim. 
 Sed tamen et M. Antonio, quantum tu scripseras, et Caepioni 
 tantundem solutum est; mihi ad id, quod cogito, hoc, quod 
 habeo, satis est ; sive enim restituimur, sive desperamus, nihil 
 amplius opus est. Tu, si forte quid erit molestiae, te ad 
 
 90 Crassum et ad Calidium conferas cense'o : quantum Hortensio 
 credendum sit, nescio. Me summa simulatione amoris sum- 
 maque adsiduitate cotidiana sceleratissime insidiosissimeque 
 tractavit, adiuncto Q. Arrio ; quorum ego consiHis, promissis, 
 praeceptis destitutus in banc calamitatem incidi. Sed haec 
 
 95 occultabis, ne quid obsint : illud caveto — et eo puto per 
 Pomponium fovendum tibi esse ipsum Hortensium — , ne ille 
 versus, qui in te erat conlatus, cum aedilitatem petebas, de 
 lege Aurelia, falso testimonio confirmetur; nihil enim tarn 
 timeo quam ne, cum intellegant homines, quantum miseri- 
 
 100 cordiae nobis tuae preces et tua salus adlatura sit, oppugnent 
 te vehementius. Messalam tui studiosum esse arbitror; Pom- 
 peium etiam simulatorem puto. Sed haec utinam ne expe- 
 riare 1 quod precarer deos, nisi meas preces audire desissent. 
 Verum tamen precor, ut his infinitis nostris malis content! 
 
 105 sint ; in quibus [non modo] tamen nuUius inest peccati in- 
 famia, sed omnis dolor est, quod optime factis poena maxima 
 est constituta. Filiam meam et tuam Ciceronemque nostrum 
 quid ego, mi frater, tibi commendem? quin illud maereo, 
 quod tibi non minorem dolorem illorum orbitas adferet quam 
 
 no mihi. Sed te incolumi orbi non erunt. Reliqua, ita mihi 
 salus aliqua detur potestasque in patria moriendi, ut me 
 lacrimae non sinunt scribere ! etiam Terentiam velim tueare 
 mihique de omnibus rebus rescribas ; sis fortis, quoad rei 
 natura patiatur. Idibus luniis, Thessalonicae.
 
 23 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 13. (ATT. 3. 13.) 
 
 Cicero explains why he had not come to Buthrotum. 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Quod ad te scripseram me in Epiro futurum, postea quam 
 extenuari spem nostram et evanescere vidi, mutavi consilium, 
 nee me Thessalonica commovi, ubi esse statueram, quoad 
 aliquid ad me de eo scriberes, quod proximis litteris scrip- 
 seras, fore uti secundum comitia aliquid de nobis in senatu 5 
 ageretur; id tibi Pompeium dixisse. Qua de re, quoniam 
 comitia habita sunt tuque nihil ad me scribis, proinde habebo 
 ac si scripsisses nihil esse, neque temporis non longinqui 
 spe ductum me esse moleste feram ; quem autem motum te 
 videre scripseras, qui nobis utilis fore videretur, eum nuntiant 10 
 qui veniunt nullum fore. In tribunis pi. designatis reliqua 
 spes est ; quam si exspectaro, non erit quod putes me causae 
 meae, voluntati meorum defuisse. Quod me saepe accusas, 
 cur hunc meum casum tam graviter feram, debes ignoscere, 
 cum ita me adflictum videas, ut neminem umquam nee videris 15 
 nee audieris. Nam quod scribis te audire me etiam mentis 
 errore ex dolore adfici, mihi vero mens Integra est; atque 
 utinam tam in periculo fuisset ! cum ego iis, quibus meam 
 salutem carissimam esse arbitrabar, inimicissimis crudelissi- 
 misque usus sum, qui, ut me paulum inclinari timore vide- 20 
 runt, sic impulerunt, ut omni suo scelere et perfidia abute- 
 rentur ad exitium meum. Nunc, quoniam est Cyzicum nobis 
 eundum, quo rarius ad me litterae perferentur, hoc velim 
 diligentius omnia, quae putaris me scire opus esse, per- 
 scribas. Q. fratrem meum fac diligas, quem ego miser si 25 
 incolumem relinquo, non me totum perisse arbitrabor. Data 
 Nonis Sextilibus.
 
 LETTERS OF M, T. CICERO. 23 
 
 14. (ATT. 3. 15.) 
 
 Cicero excuses his dejection, writes at length on the possibility of recall, 
 and intreats his friend's help. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Accepi Idibus Sextilibus quattuor epistolas a te missas: 
 unam, qua me obiurgas, ut sim firmior ; alteram, qua Crassi 
 libertum ais tibi de mea sollicitudine macieque narrasse; 
 tertiam, qua demonstras acta in senatu ; quartam de eo, 
 
 5 quod a Varrone scribis tibi esse confirmatum de voluntate 
 Pompeii. Ad primam tibi hoc scribo, me ita dolere, ut non 
 modo a mente non deserar, sed id ipsum doleam, me tarn 
 firma mente ubi utar et quibuscum non habere. Nam si tu 
 me uno non sine maerore cares, quid me censes, qui et te 
 
 10 et omnibus ? et, si tu incolumis me requiris, quo modo a me 
 ipsam incolumitatem desiderari putas ? Nolo commemorare, 
 quibus rebus sim spoliatus, non solum quia non ignoras, sed 
 etiam ne r^scindam ipse dolorem meum : hoc confirmo, ne- 
 que tantis bonis esse privatum quemquam neque in tantas 
 
 15 miserias incidisse. Dies autem non modo non levat luctum 
 hunc, sed etiam auget ; nam ceteri dolores mitigantur vetus- 
 tate, hie non potest non et sensu praesentis miseriae et re- 
 cordatione praeteritae vitae cotidie augeri : desidero enim 
 non mea solum neque meos, sed me ipsum. Quid enim 
 
 20 sum ? sed non faciam ut aut tuum animum angam querelis 
 aut meis volneribus saepius manus adferam. Nam quod 
 purgas eos, quos ego mihi scripsi invidisse, et in eis Catonem, 
 ego vero tantum ilium puto ab isto scelere afuisse, ut maxime 
 doleam plus apud me simulationem aliorum quam istius 
 
 25 fidem valuisse. Ceteros quod purgas, debent mihi purgati 
 esse, tibi si sunt. Sed haec sero agimus. Crassi libertum 
 nihil puto sincere locutum. In senatu rem probe scribis 
 actam. Sed quid Curio .'' an illam orationem non legit ? quae
 
 24 -A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 unde sit prolata nescio. Sed Axius, eiusdem diei scribens 
 ad me acta, non ita laudat Curionem. At potest ille aliquid 30 
 praetermittere ; tu, nisi quod erat, profecto non scripsisti. 
 Varronis sermo facit exspectationem Caesaris, atque utinam 
 ipse Varro incumbat in causam ! quod profecto cum sua 
 sponte, tum te instante faciet. Ego, si me aliquando vestri 
 et patriae compotem fortuna fecerit, certe efficiam ut maxime 35 
 laetere unus ex omnibus amicis, meaque officia et studia, 
 quae parum antea luxerunt — fatendum est enim — , sic exse- 
 quar, ut me aeque tibi ac fratri et liberis nostris restitutum 
 putes. Si quid in te peccavi, ac potius quoniam peccavi, 
 ignosce ; in me enim ipsum peccavi vehementius. Neque 40 
 haec eo scribo, quo te non meo casu maximo dolore esse 
 adfectum sciam, sed profecto, si, quantum me amas et 
 amasti, tantum amare deberes ac debuisses, numquam esses 
 passus me, quo tu abundabas, egere consilio, nee esses 
 passus mihi persuaderi utile nobis esse legem de collegiis 45 
 perferri. Sed tu tantum lacrimas praebuisti dolori meo, 
 quod erat amoris, tamquam ipse ego; quod meritis meis 
 perfectum oportuit, ut dies et noctes, quid mihi faciendum 
 esset, cogitares, id abs te meo, non tuo scelere praetermis- 
 sum est. Quod si non modo tu, sed quisquam fuisset, qui 50 
 me Pompeii minus liberali responso perterritum a turpissimo 
 consilio revocaret, quod unus tu facere maxime potuisti, aut 
 occubuissem honeste aut victores hodie viveremus. Hie mihi 
 ignosces : me enim ipsum multo magis accuso, deinde te 
 quasi me alterum ; et simul meae culpae socium quaero, ac 55 
 si restituor, etiam minus videbimur deliquisse, abs teque 
 certe, quoniam nullo nostro, tuo ipsius beneficio diligemur. 
 Quod te cum Culleone scribis de privilegio locutum, est 
 aliquid, sed multo est melius abrogari: si enim nemo im- 
 pediet, quid est firmius ? sin erit, qui ferri non sinat, idem 60 
 senatus consulto intercedet. Nee quicquam aliud opus est 
 abrogari : nam prior lex nos nihil laedebat ; quam si, ut est
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 25 
 
 promulgata, laudare voluissemus aut, ut erat neglegenda, 
 neglegere, nocere omnino nobis non potuisset. Hie mihi 
 
 •65 primum meum consilium defuit, sed etiam obfuit. Caeci, 
 caeci, inquam, fuimus in vestitu mutando, in populo rogando, 
 quod, nisi nominatim mecum agi coeptum esset, fieri perni- 
 ciosum fuit. Sed pergo praeterita ; verum tamen ob hanc 
 causam, ut, si quid agetur, legem illam, in qua popularia 
 
 70 multa sunt, ne tangatis. Verum est stultum me praccipere, 
 quid agatis aut quo modo : utinam modo agatur aliquid ! 
 multa occultant tuae litterae, credo, ne vehementius despera- 
 tione perturber. Quid enim vides agi posse aut quo modo ? 
 per senatumne ? ast tute scripsisti ad me, quoddam caput 
 
 75 legis Clodium in curiae poste fixisse, ne referrt neve dici 
 LiCERET. Quo modo igitur Domitius se dixit relaturum? 
 quo modo autem iis, quos tu scribis, et de re dicentibus et, 
 ut referretur, postulantibus Clodius tacuit? ac, si per popu- 
 lum, poteritne nisi de omnium tribunorum pi. sententia ? 
 
 80 quid de bonis ? quid de domo ? poteritne restitui ? aut, si 
 non poterit, egomet quo modo potero ? haec nisi vides ex- 
 pediri, quam in spem me vocas? sin autem spei nihil est, 
 quae est mihi vita ? Itaque exspecto Thessalonicae acta Kal. 
 Sext., ex quibus statuam in tuosne agros confugiam, ut ne- 
 
 85 que videam homines, quos nolim, et te, ut scribis, videam et 
 propius sim, si quid agatur — idque intellexi cum tibi, tum Q. 
 fratri placere — , an abeam Cyzicum. Nunc, Pomponi, quo- 
 niam nihil impertisti tuae prudentiae ad salutem meam, quod 
 aut in me ipso satis esse consilii decreras aut te nihil plus 
 
 90 mihi debere quam ut praesto esses, quoniamque ego pro- 
 ditus, inductus, coniectus in fraudem, omnia mea praesidia 
 neglexi, totam Italiam [in me] erectam ad me defendendum 
 destitui et reliqui, me meosque meis tradidi inimicis inspec- 
 tante et tacente te, qui, si non plus ingenio valebas quam 
 
 95 ego, certe timebas minus: si potes, erige adflictos et in eo 
 nos iuva ; sin omnia sunt obstructa, id ipsum fac ut sciamus
 
 26 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 et nos aliquando aut obiurgare aut comiter consolari desine. 
 Ego si tuam fidem accusarem, non me potissimum tuis tectis 
 crederem: meam amentiam accuse, quod a te tantum me 
 amari, quantum ego vellem, putavi; quod si fuisset, fidem loo 
 eandem, curam maiorem adhibuisses, me certe ad exitium 
 praecipitantem retinuisses, istos labores, quos nunc in nau- 
 fragiis nostris suscipis, non subisses. Qua re fac ut omnia 
 ad me perspecta et explorata perscribas meque, ut facis, velis 
 esse aliquem, quoniam, qui fui et qui esse potui, iam esse 105 
 non possum, et ut his litteris non te, sed me ipsum a me 
 esse accusatum putes. Si qui erunt, quibus putes opus esse 
 meo nomine litteras dari, velim conscribas curesque dandas. 
 Data xiiii. Kal. Sept. 
 
 15. (FAM. 14. 2.) 
 
 Cicero commiserates his wife for her share in his misfortunes. 
 TULLIUS S. D. TERENTIAE ET TULLIOLAE ET CICERONI SUIS. 
 
 Noli putare me ad quemquam longiores epistolas scribere, 
 nisi si quis ad me plura scripsit, cui puto rescribi oportere ; 
 nee enim habeo quod scribam, nee hoc tempore quicquam 
 difficilius facio. Ad te vero et ad nostram Tulliolam non 
 queo sine plurimis lacrimis scribere ; vos enim video esse 5 
 miserrimas, quas ego beatissimas semper esse volui idque 
 praestare debui et, nisi tam timidi fuissemus, praestitissem. 
 Pisonem nostrum merito eius amo plurimum : eum, ut potui, 
 per litteras cohortatus sum gratiasque egi, ut debui. In novis 
 tribunis pi. intellego spem te habere : id erit firmum, si 10 
 Pompeii voluntas erit, sed Crassum tamen metuo. A te 
 quidem omnia fieri fortissime et amantissime video, nee 
 miror, sed maereo casum eius modi, ut tantis tuis miseriis 
 meae miseriae subleventur : nam ad me P. Valerius, homo 
 officiosus, scriqsit, id quod ego maximo cum fletu legi, 15
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 3/ 
 
 quern ad modum a Vestae ad tabulam Valeriam ducta 
 esses. Hem, mea lux, meum desiderium, unde omnes 
 opem petere solebant ! Te nunc, mea Terentia, sic vexari, 
 sic iacere in lacrimis et sordibus ! idque fieri mea culpa, qui 
 
 20 ceteros servavi, ut nos periremus ! Quod de domo scribis, 
 hoc est de area, ego vero tum denique mihi videbor resti- 
 tutus, si ilia nobis erit restituta; verum haec non sunt in 
 nostra manu : illud doleo, quae inpensa facienda est, in eius 
 partem /e miseram et despoliatam venire. Quod si conficitur 
 
 25 negotium, omnia consequemur; sin eadem nos fortuna pre- 
 met, etiamne reliquias tuas misera proicies ? Obsecro te, mea 
 vita, quod ad sumptum attinet, sine alios, qui possunt, si 
 modo volunt, sustinere, et valetudinem istam infirmam, si 
 me amas, noli vexare : nam mihi ante oculos dies noctesque 
 
 30 versaris ; omnes labores te excipere video ; timeo, ut susti- 
 neas. Sed video in te esse omnia : qua re, ut id, quod speras 
 et quod agis, consequamur, servi valetudini. Ego, ad quos 
 scribam, nescio, nisi ad eos, qui ad me scribunt, aut ad eos, 
 de quibus ad me vos aliquid scribitis. Longius, quoniam ita 
 
 35 vobis placet, non discedam, sed veHm quam saepissime lit- 
 teras mittatis, praesertim, si quid est firmius, quod spere- 
 mus. Valete, mea desideria, valete. D. a. d. in. Non. Oct. 
 Thessalonica. 
 
 16. (FAM. 14. I.) 
 
 A second letter of commireration. 
 
 TULLIUS TERENTIAE SUAE, TULLIOLAE SUAE, CICERONI 
 SUO SALUTEM DIGIT. 
 
 Et litteris multorum et sermone omnium perfertur ad 
 me, incredibilem tuam virtutem et fortitudinem esse teque 
 nee animi neque corporis laboribus defatigari. INIe mise- 
 rum! te ista virtute, fide, probitate, humanitate in tantas
 
 28 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 aerumnas propter me incidisse ! TuUiolamque nostram, 5 
 ex quo patre tantas voluptates capiebat, ex eo tantos per- 
 cipere luctus ! Nam quid ego de Cicerone dicam ? qui cum 
 primum sapere coepit, acerbissimos dolores miseriasque 
 percepit. Quae si, tu ut scribis, fato facta putarem, ferrem 
 paulo facilius, sed omnia sunt mea culpa commissa, qui 10 
 ab iis me amari putabam, qui invidebant, eos non sequebar, 
 qui petebant. Quod si nostris consiliis usi essemus neque 
 apud nos tantum valuisset sermo aut stultorum amicorum 
 aut inproborum, beatissimi viveremus : nunc, quoniam 
 sperare nos amici iubent, dabo operam, ne mea valetudo 15 
 tuo labori desit. Res quanta sit, intellego, quantoque fuerit 
 facilius nianere domi quam redire ; sed tamen, si omnes 
 tribunes pi. habemus, si Lentulum tam studiosum, quam 
 videtur, si vero etiam Pompeium et Caesarem, non est des- 
 perandum. De familia, quo modo placuisse scribis amicis, 20 
 faciemus ; de loco, nunc quidem iam abiit pestilentia, sed 
 quam diu fuit, me non attigit. Plancius, homo officiosis- 
 simus, me cupit esse secum et adhuc retinet. Ego volebam 
 loco magis deserto esse in Epiro, quo neque Hispo veniret 
 nee milites, sed adhuc Plancius me retinet ; sperat posse 25 
 fieri, ut mecum in Italiam decedat : quem ego diem si 
 videro et si in vestrum conplexum venero ac si et vos et 
 me ipsum recuperaro, satis magnum mihi fructum videbor 
 percepisse et vestrae pietatis et meae. Pisonis humanitas, 
 virtus, amor in omnes nos tantus est, ut nihil supra possit : 30 
 utinam ea res ei voluptati sit ! gloriae quidem video fore. 
 De Q. fratre nihil ego te accusavi, sed vos, cum praesertim 
 tam pauci sitis, volui esse quam coniunctissimos, Quibus 
 me voluisti agere gratias, egi et me a te certiorem factum 
 esse scripsi. Quod ad me, mea Terentia, scribis te vicum 35 
 vendituram, quid, obsecro te, — me miserum ! — quid futu- 
 rum est? et, si nos premet eadem fortuna, quid puero 
 misero fiet ? non queo reliqua scribere — tanta vis lacrimarum
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. ^ 
 
 est — , neque te in eundem fletum adducam. Tantum 
 40 scribo : si erunt in officio amici, pecunia non deerit ; si non 
 erunt, tu efficere tua pecunia non poteris. Per fortunas 
 miseras nostras, vide, ne puerum perditum perdamus. Cui 
 si aliquid erit, ne egeat, mediocri virtute opus est et medio- 
 cri fortuna, ut cetera consequatur, Fac valeas et ad me 
 45 tabellarios mittas, ut sciam, quid agatur et vos quid agatis. 
 Mihi omnino iam brevis exspectatio est. Tulliolae et 
 Ciceroni salutem die. Valete. D. a. d. vi. K. Decemb. Dyr- 
 rhachii. 
 
 Dyrrhachium veni, quod et libera civitas est et in me 
 50 officiosa et proxima Italiae ; sed si offendet me loci cele- 
 britas, alio me conferam, ad te scribam. 
 
 17. (ATT. 4. I.) * 
 
 An account of the circumstances of Cicero's return to Rome after 
 his exile. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Cum primum Romam veni fuitque, cui recte ad te 
 litteras darem, niiiil prius faciendum mihi putavi, quam ut 
 tibi absenti de reditu nostro gratularer; cognoram enim — 
 ut vere scribam — te in consiliis mihi dandis nee fortiorem 
 
 5 nee prudentiorem quam me ipsum, me etiam propter meam 
 in te observantiam nimium in custodia salutis meae dili- 
 gentem, eundemque te, qui primis temporibus erroris noslri 
 aut potius furoris particeps et falsi timoris socius fuisses, 
 acerbissime discidium nostrum tulisse plurimumque operae, 
 
 10 studii, diligentiae, laboris ad conficiendum reditum meum 
 contulisse : itaque hoc tibi vere adfirmo, in maxima laetitia 
 et exoptatissima gratulatione unum ad cumulandum gaudium 
 conspectum aut potius complexum mihi tuum defuisse ; quern 
 semel nactus si umquam dimisero, ac nisi etiam praeter-
 
 3© A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 missos fnictus tuae suavitatis praeteriti temporis omnes 15 
 exegero, profecto hac restitutione fortunae me ipse non satis 
 dignum iudicabo. Nos adhuc in nostro statu, quod diffi- 
 cillime recuperari posse arbitrati sumus, splendorem nostrum 
 ilium forensem et in senatu auctoritatem at apud viros bonos 
 gratiam magis, quam optaramus, consecuti sumus; in re 20 
 autem familiari, quae quem ad modum fracta, dissipata, 
 direpta sit, non ignoras, valde laboramus tuarumque non tam 
 facultatum, quas ego nostras esse iudico, quam consiliorum 
 ad colligendas et constituendas reliquias nostras indigemus. 
 Nunc, etsi omnia aut scripta esse a tuis arbitror aut etiam 25 
 nuntiis ac rumore perlata, tamen ea scribam brevi, quae te 
 puto potissimum ex meis litteris velle cognoscere. Pr. 
 Nonas Sextiles Dyrrhachio sum profectus, ipso ille die, 
 quo lex est lata de nobis ; Brundisium veni Nonis Sextilibus : 
 ibi mihi Tulliola mea fuit praesto natali suo ipso die, qui 30 
 casu idem natalis erat et Brundisinae coloniae et tuae 
 vicinae Salutis; quae res animadversa a multitudine summa 
 Brundisinorum gratulatione celebrata est. Ante diem vi. 
 Idus Sextiles cognovi, [cum Brundisii essera,] litteris Quinti, 
 mirifico studio omnium aetatum atque ordinum, incredibili 35 
 concursu Italiae legem comitiis centuriatis esse perlatam : 
 inde a Brundisinis honestissimis ornatus iter ita feci, ut undi- 
 que ad me cum gratulatione legati convenerint. Ad urbem 
 ita veni, ut nemo uUius ordinis homo nomenclatori notus 
 fuerit, qui mihi obviam non venerit, praeter eos inimicos, 40 
 quibus id ipsum [se inimicos esse] non liceret aut dissimulare 
 aut negare. Cum venissem ad portam Capenam, gradus tem- 
 plorum ab infima plebe completi erant, a qua plausu maximo 
 cum esset mihi gratulatio significata, similis et frequentia et 
 plausus me usque ad Capitolium celebravit, in foroque et in 45 
 ipso Capitolio miranda multitudo fuit. Postridie in senatu, 
 qui fuit dies Nonarum Septembr., senatui gratias egimus. 
 Eo biduo cum esset aiinonae summa caritas et homines ad
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 3 1 
 
 theatrum primo, deinde ad senatum concurrissent, impulsu 
 
 50 Clodii mea opera fiumenti inopiam esse clamarent, cum per 
 eos dies senatus de annona haberetur et ad eius procura- 
 tionem sermone non solum plebis, verum etiam bonorum 
 Pompeius vocaretur idque ipse cuperet, multitudoque a me 
 nominatim, ut id decernerem, postularet, feci et accurate 
 
 55 sententiam dixi. Cum abessent consulares, quod tuto so 
 negarent posse sententiam dicere, praeter Messallam et 
 Afranium, factum est senatus consultum in meam sententiam 
 ut cum Pompeio ageretur ut eam rem susciperet lexque 
 ferretur ; quo senatus consulto recitato continuo cum more 
 
 60 hoc insulso et novo plausum in meo nomine recitando 
 dedissent, habui contionem ; omnes magistratus praesentes 
 praeter unum praetorem et duos tribunes pi. dederunt. 
 Postridie senatus frequens; et omnes consulares nihil 
 Pompeio postulanti negarunt; ille legatos quindecim cum 
 
 6^ postularet, me principem nominavit et ad omnia me alterum 
 se fore dixit. Legem consules conscripserunt, qua Pompeio 
 per quinquennium omnis potestas rei frumentariae toto orbe 
 terrarum daretur ; alteram Messius, qui omnis pecuniae dat 
 potestatem et adiungit classem et exercitum et maius impe- 
 
 70 rium in provinciis, quam sit eorum, qui eas obtineant : ilia 
 nostra lex consularis nunc modesta videtur, haec Messii 
 non ferenda. Pompeius illam velle se dicit, familiares hanc. 
 Consulares duce Favonio fremunt; nos tacemus, et eo 
 magis, quod de domo nostra nihil adhuc pontifices respon- 
 
 75 derunt : qui si sustulerint religionem, aream praeclaram 
 habebimus ; superficiem consules ex senatus consulto 
 aestimabunt : sin aliter, demolientur, suo nomine locabunt, 
 rem totam aestimabunt. Ita sunt res nostrae, ut in se- 
 cundis, fluxae, ut in adversis, bonae. In re familiari valde 
 
 So sumus, ut scis, perturbati. Praeterea sunt quaedam domes- 
 tica, quae litteris non committo. Q. fratrem insigni pietate, 
 virtute, fide praeditum sic amo. ut debeo. Te exspecto et
 
 32 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 oro ut matures venire eoque animo venias, ut me tuo consilio 
 egere non sinas. Alterius vitae quoddam initium ordimur. 
 lam quidam, qui nos absentes defenderunt, incipiunt prae- ^5 
 sentibus occulte irasci, aperte invidere : vehementer te 
 requirimus. 
 
 18. (FAM. 5. 12.) 
 
 Cicero asks Lucceius the historian to do more than justice to his 
 achievements ; and suggests that he should treat of them in a separate 
 work. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. L, LUCCEIO Q. F. 
 
 Coram me tecum eadem haec agere saepe conantem 
 deterruit pudor quidam paene subrusticus, quae nunc 
 expromam absens audacius ; epistola enim non erubescit. 
 Ardeo cupiditate incredibili neque, ut ego arbitror, repre- 
 hendenda, nomen ut nostrum scriptis inlustretur et cele- 5 
 bretur tuis; quod etsi mihi saepe ostendisti te esse factu- 
 rum, tamen ignoscas velim huic festinationi meae. Genus 
 enim scriptorum tuorum etsi erat semper a me vehemen- 
 ter exspectatum, tamen vicit opinionem meam meque ita 
 vel cepit vel incendit, ut cuperem quam celerrume res 10 
 nostras monimentis commendari tuis ; neque enim me 
 solum commemoratio posteritatis ad spem quandam in- 
 mortalitatis rapit, sed etiam ilia cupiditas. ut vel auctoritate 
 testimonii tui vel indicio benevolentiae vel suavitate ingenii 
 vivi perfruamur. Neque tamen, haec cum scribebam, eram 15 
 nescius, quantis oneribus premerere susceptarum rerum et 
 iam institutarum ; sed quia videbam Italici belli et civilis 
 historiam iam a te paene esse perfectam, dixeras autem mihi 
 te reliquas res ordiri, deesse mihi nolui, quin te admonerem 
 ut cogitares, coniunctene malles cum reliquis rebus nostra 20 
 contexere an, ut multi Graeci fecerunt, Callisthenes Pho-
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 33 
 
 cicum bellum, Timaeus Pyrrhi, Polybius Numantinum, qui 
 omnes a perpetuis suis historiis ea, quae dixi, bella scpara- 
 verunt, tu quoque item civilem coniurationem ab hostilibus 
 
 25 externisque bellis seiungeres. Equidem ad nostram laudem 
 non multum video interesse, sed ad properationem meam 
 quiddam interest non te exspectare, dum ad locum 
 venias, ac statim causam illam totam et tempus arripere. 
 Et simul, si uno in argumento unaque in persona mens tua 
 
 30 tota versabitur, cerno iam animo, quanto omnia uberiora 
 atque ornatiora futura sint. Neque tamen ignoro, quam 
 inpudenter faciam, qui primum tibi tantum oneris inponam 
 — potest enim mihi denegare occupatio tua — , deinde etiam 
 ut ornes me postulem. Quid, si ilia tibi non tanto opere 
 
 35 videntiu- ornanda ? Sed tamen, qui semel verecundiae fines 
 transient, eum bene et naviter oportet esse inpudentem. 
 Itaque te plane etiam atque etiam rogo, ut et ornes ea 
 vehementius etiam, quam fortasse sentis, et in eo leges 
 historiae neglegas gratiamque illam, de qua suavissume 
 
 40 quodam in prooemio scripsisti, a qua te flecd non magis 
 potuisse demonstras quam Herculem Xenophontium ilium 
 a Voluptate, eam, si me tibi vehementius commendabit, ne 
 aspernere amorique nostro plusculum etiam, quam concedet 
 Veritas, largiare. Quod si te adducemus, ut hoc suscipias, 
 
 4 5 erit, ut mihi persuadeo, materies digna facultate et copia tua. 
 A principio enim coniurationis usque ad reditum nostrum 
 videtur mihi modicum quoddam corpus confici posse; in 
 quo et ilia poteris uti civilium commutationum scientia vel 
 in explicandis causis rerum novarum vel in remediis incom- 
 
 50 modorum, cum et reprehendes ea, quae vituperanda duces, 
 et quae placebunt exponendis rationibus conprobabis, et, 
 si liberius, ut consuesti, agendum putabis, multorum in nos 
 perfidiam, insidias, proditionem notabis. Multam etiam 
 casus nostri varietatem tibi in scribendo suppeditabunt 
 
 55 plenam cuiusdam voluptatis, quae vehementer animos 
 
 D
 
 34 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 hominum in legendo [te scriptore] retinere possit; nihil 
 est enim aptius ad delectationem lectoris quam temporum 
 varietates fortunaeque vicissitudines, quae etsi nobis opta- 
 biles in experiendo non fuerunt, in legendo tamen erunt 
 iucundae ; habet enim praeteriti doloris secura recordatio 60 
 delectationem. Ceteris vero nulla perfunctis propria mo- 
 lestia, casus autem alienos sine ullo dolore intuentibus, etiam 
 ipsa misericordia est iucunda. Quern enim nostrum ille 
 moriens apud Mantineam Epaminondas non cum quadam 
 miseratione delectat ? qui turn denique sibi evelli iubet 65 
 spiculum, postea quam ei percontanti dictum est clipeum 
 esse salvum, ut etiam in volneris dolore aequo animo cum 
 laude moreretur. Cuius studium in legendo non erectum 
 Themistocli fuga redituque retinetur? Etenim ordo ipse 
 annalium mediocriter nos retinet quasi enumeratione fasto- 70 
 rum ; at viri saepe excellentis ancipites variique casus habent 
 admirationem, exspectationem, laetitiam, molestiam, spem, 
 tjmorem : si vero exitu notabili concluduntur, expletur 
 animus iucundissima lectionis voluptate. Quo mihi accident 
 optatius, si in hac sententia fueris, ut a continentibus tuis 75 
 scriptis, in quibus perpetuam rerum gestarum historiam 
 conplecteris, secernas banc quasi fabulam rerum even- 
 torumque nostrorum ; habet enim varios actus mutationesque 
 et consiliorum et temporum. Ac non vereor ne adsenta- 
 tiuncula quadam aucupari tuam gratiam videar, cum hoc 80 
 demonstrem, me a te potissimum ornari celebrarique velle: 
 neque enim tu is es, gtii, quid sis, nescias et qui non eos 
 magis, qui te non admirentur, invidos quam eos, qui laudent, 
 adsentatores arbitrere ; neque autem ego sum ita demens, 
 ut me sempiternae gloriae per eum commendari velim, qui 85 
 non ipse quoque in me commendando propriam ingenii 
 gloriam consequatur, Neque enim Alexander ille gratiae 
 causa ab Apelle potissimum pingi et a Lysippo fingi volebat, 
 sed quod illorum artem cum ipsis turn etiam sibi gloriae fore
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. ^^ 
 
 90 putabat. Atqui illi artifices corporis simulacra igiiotis nota 
 faciebaiit, quae vel si nulla sint, nihilo sint tamen obscuriores 
 clari viri ; nee minus est Spartiates Agesilaus ille perhibendus, 
 qui neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est 
 esse, quam qui in eo genere laboramnt ; unus enim Xeno- 
 
 95 phontis libellus in eo rege laudando facile omnes imagines 
 omnium statuasque superavit. Atque hoc praestantius mihi 
 fuerit et ad laetitiam animi et ad memoriae dignitatem, 
 si in tua scripta pervenero, quam si in ceterorum, quod non 
 ingenium mihi solum suppeditatum fuerit tuum, sicut Timo- 
 
 ico leonti a Timaeo aut ab Herodoto Themistocli, sed etiam 
 auctoritas clarissimi et spectatissimi viri et in rei publicae 
 maximis gravissimisque causis cogniti atque in primis 
 probati: ut mihi non solum praeconium, quod, cum in 
 Sigeum venisset, Alexander ab Homero Achilli tributum 
 
 105 esse dixit, sed etiam grave testimonium impertitum clari 
 hominis magnique videatur. Placet enim Hector ille mihi 
 Naevianus, qui non tantum 'laudari' se laetatur, sed addit 
 etiam ' a laudato viro.' Quod si a te non impetro, hoc est, 
 si quae te res impedierit — neque enim fas esse arbitror 
 
 iioquicquam me rogantem abs te non impetrare — , cogar 
 fortasse facere, quod non nuUi saepe reprehendunt : scribam 
 ipse de me, multorum tamen exemplo et clarorum virorum. 
 Sed, quod te non fugit, haec sunt in hoc genere vitia: et 
 verecundius ipsi de sese scribant necesse est, si quid est 
 
 115 laudandum, et praetereant, si quid reprehendendum est; 
 accedit etiam, ut minor sit fides, minor auctoritas, multi 
 denique reprehendant et dicant verecundiores esse prae- 
 cones ludorum gymnicorum, qui cum ceteris coronas inpo- 
 suerint victoribus eorumque nomina magna voce pronun- 
 
 i2otiarint, cum ipsi ante ludorum missionem corona donentur, 
 
 alium praeconem adhibeant, ne sua voce se ipsi victores esse 
 
 praedicent. Haec nos vitare cupimus et, si recipis causam 
 
 nostram, vitabimus; idque ut facias, rogamus. Ac ne forte 
 
 D 2
 
 ^6 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 mirere, cur, cum mihi saepe ostenderis te accuratissume 
 nostrorum temporum consilia atque eventus litteris manda- 125 
 turum, a te id nunc tanto opere et tarn multis verbis petamus : 
 ilia nos cupiditas incendit, de qua initio scripsi, festinationis, 
 quod alacres animo sumus, ut et ceteri viventibus nobis ex 
 libris tuis nos cognoscant et nosmet ipsi vivi gloriola nostra 
 perfruamur. His de rebus quid acturus sis, si tibi non est 130 
 molestunij rescribas mihi velim : si enim suscipis causam, 
 conficiam commentarios rerum omnium ; sin autem differs 
 me in tempus aliud, coram tecum loquar. Tu interea non 
 cessabis et ea, quae habes instituta, perpolies nosque 
 diliges. 135 
 
 19. (ATT. 4 10.) 
 
 Cicero in retiiement at Cumae writes to ask whether tlie report 
 about Ptolemy is true. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Puteolis magnus est rumor Ptolemaeum esse in regno : 
 si quid habes certius, velim scire. Ego hie pascor biblio- 
 theca Fausti; fortasse tu putaras, his rebus Puteolanis et 
 Lucrinensibus : ne ista quidem desunt. Sed mehercule u/ 
 a ceteris oblectationibus deseror voluptatum propter rem 5 
 publicam, sic litteris sustentor et recreor maloque in ilia tua 
 sedecula, quam habes sub imagine Aristotelis, sedere quam 
 in istorum sella curuli, tecumque apud te ambulare quam cum 
 eo, quocum video esse ambulandum. Sed de ilia ambula- 
 tione fors viderit aut si qui est, qui curet, deus. Nostram lo 
 ambulationem et Laconicum eaque, quae Cyrea sint, velim, 
 cum poteris, invisas et urgeas Philotimum, [ut properet,] 
 ut possim tibi aliquid in eo genere respondere. Pompeius 
 in Cumanum Parilibus venit; misit ad me statim, qui 
 salutem nuntiaret: ad eum postridie mane vadebam, cum 15 
 haec scripsi.
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 37 
 
 20. (FAM. 7. I.) 
 
 Cicero congratulates Marius on their common absence from the 
 games. But he finds the legal employments, which he had preferred 
 to them, almost as distasteful. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. M. MARIO. 
 
 Si te dolor aliqui corporis aut infirmitas valetudinis tuae 
 tenuit, quo minus ad ludos venires, fortunae magis tribuo 
 quam sapientiae tuae; sin haec, quae ceteri mirantur, 
 contemnenda duxisti et, cum per valetudinem posses, venire 
 5 tamen noluisti, utrumque laetor, et sine dolore corporis 
 te fuisse et animo valuisse, cum ea, quae sine causa mirantur 
 alii, neglexeris; modo ut tibi constiterit fructus otii tui, 
 quo quidem tibi perfrui mirifice licuit, cum esses in ista 
 amoenitate paene solus relictus. Neque tamen dubito quin 
 
 10 tu in illo cubiculo tuo, ex quo tibi Stabianum perforasti et 
 patefecisti ]\Iisenum, per eos dies matutina tempora lecti- 
 unculis consumpseris, cum illi interea, qui te istic reliquerunt, 
 spectarent communes mimos semisomni. Reliquas vero 
 partes diei tu consumebas iis delectationibus, quas tibi 
 
 15 ipse ad arbitrium tuum compararas; nobis autem erant 
 ea perpetienda, quae Sp. Maecius probavisset. Omnino, 
 si quaeris, ludi adparatissimi, sed non tui stomachi; con- 
 iecturam enim facio de meo : nam primum honoris causa 
 in scaenam redierant ii, quos ego honoris causa de scaena 
 
 20 decesse arbitrabar; deliciae vero tuae, noster Aesopus, eius 
 modi fuit, ut ei desinere per omnes homines liceret. Is 
 iurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco ' si sciens 
 fallo.' Quid tibi ego alia narrem? nosti enim reliquos 
 ludos, qui ne id quidem leporis habuerunt, quod solent 
 
 25 mediocres ludi ; adparatus enim spectatio tollebat omnem 
 hilaritatem, quo quidem adparatu non dubito quin animo
 
 38 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 aequissimo carueris : quid enim delectationis habent ses- 
 centi muli in Clytaemnestra ? aut in Equo Troiano cre- 
 terrarum tria milia? aut armatura varia peditatus et equi- 
 tatus in aliqua pugna ? quae popularem admirationem 30 
 habuerunt, delectationem tibi nullam attulissent. Quod 
 si tu per eos dies operam dedisti Protogeni tuo, dum 
 modo is tibi quidvis potius quam orationes meas legerit, 
 ne tu baud paulo plus quam quisquam nostram delecta- 
 tionis habuisti; non enim te puto Graecos aut Oscos 35 
 ludos desiderasse, praesertim cum Oscos ludos vel in 
 senatu vestro spectare possis, Graecos ita non ames, ut 
 ne ad villam quidem tuam via Graeca ire soleas. Nam 
 quid ego te athletas putem desiderare, qui gladiatores 
 contempseris ? in quibus ipse Pompeius confitetur se et 40 
 operam et oleum perdidisse. Reliquae sunt venationes 
 binae per dies quinque, magnificae — nemo negat — , sed 
 quae potest homini esse polito delectatio, cum aut homo 
 inbecillus a valentissima bestia laniatur aut praeclara bestia 
 venabulo transverberatur ? quae tamen, si videnda sunt, 45 
 saepe vidisti; neque nos, qui haec spectamus, quicquam 
 novi vidimus. Extremus elephantorum dies fuit, in quo 
 admiratio magna volgi atque turbae, delectatio nulla exstitit : 
 quin etiam misericordia quaedam consecuta est atque opinio 
 eius modi, esse quandam illi beluae cum genere humano 50 
 societatem. His ego tamen diebus, [ludis scaenicis,] ne 
 forte videar tibi non modo beatus, sed liber omnino fuisse, 
 dirupi me paene in iudicio Galli Caninii, familiaris tui. 
 Quod si tam facilem populum haberem, quam Aesopus 
 habuit, libenter mehercule artem desinerem tecumque et 55 
 cum similibus nostri viverem ; nam me cum antea taedebat, 
 cum et aetas et ambitio me hortabatur et licebat denique, 
 quem nolebam, non defendere, tum vero hoc tempore vita 
 nulla est; neque enim fmctum ullum laboris exspecto, 
 et cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meri- 60
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 39 
 
 tos rogatu eorum, qui bene meriti sunt, defendere. Ita- 
 que quaero causas omnes aliquando vivendi arbitratu meo, 
 teque et istam rationem otii tui et laudo vehementer et 
 probo, quodque nos minus intervisis, hoc fero animo 
 
 65 aequiore, quod, si Romae esses, tamen neque nos lepore 
 tuo neque te — si qui est in me — meo fmi liceret propter 
 molestissimas occupationes meas; quibus si me relaxaro — 
 nam, ut plane exsolvam, non postulo — , te ipsum, qui multos 
 annos nihil aliud commentaris, docebo profecto, quid sit 
 
 70 humaniter vivere. Tu modo istam inbecillitatem valetudinis 
 tuae sustenta et tuere, ut facis, ut nostras villas obire et 
 mecum simul lecticula concursare possis. Haec ad te 
 pluribus verbis scripsi quam soleo, non otii abundantia, 
 sed amoris erga te, quod me quadam epistola subinvitaras, 
 
 rs si memoria tenes, ut ad te aliquid eius modi scriberem, 
 quo minus te praetermisisse ludos paeniteret. Quod si 
 adsecutus sum, gaudeo ; sin minus, hoc me tamen consoler, 
 quod posthac ad ludos venies nosque vises neque in epistolis 
 relinques meis spem aliquam delectationis tuae. 
 
 21. (FAM. 7. 5.) 
 
 Cicero recommends Trebatius to Caesar's notice without asking any 
 specified post for liim. 
 
 CICERO CAESARI IMP. S. D. 
 
 Vide, quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum non 
 modo in iis rebus, quae ad me ipsum, sed etiam in iis, 
 quae ad meos pertinent: C. Trebatium cogitaram, quo- 
 cumque exirem, mecum ducere, ut eum meis omnibus 
 5 studiis, beneficiis quam ornatissimum domum reducerem. 
 Sed postea quam et Pompeii commoratio diuturnior erat, 
 quam putaram, et mea quaedam tibi non ignota dubi- 
 tatio aut impedire profectionem meam videbatur aut certe
 
 40 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 tardare, vide, quid mihi sumpserim : coepi velle ea Trebatium 
 exspectare a te, quae sperasset a me, neque mehercule lo 
 minus ei prolixe de tua voluntate promisi, quam eram 
 solitus de mea polliceri. Casus vero mirificus quidam 
 intervenit quasi vel testis opinionis meae vel sponsor 
 humanitatis tuae : nam cum de hoc ipso Trebatio cum 
 Balbo nostro loquerer accuratius domi meae, litterae mihi 15 
 dantur a te, quibus in extremis scriptum erat : * M. t 
 Rufum, quern mihi commendas, vel regem Galliae faciam, 
 vel hunc t Leptae delega, si vis : tu ad me alium mitte, 
 quern ornem.' Sustulimus manus et ego et Balbus: tanta 
 fuit opportunitas, ut illud nescio quid non fortuitum, sed 20 
 divinum videretur. Mitto igitur ad te Trebatium atque 
 ita mitto, ut initio mea sponte, post autem invitatu tuo 
 mittendum duxerim. Hunc, mi Caesar, sic velim omni tua 
 comitate complectare, ut omnia, quae per me possis adduci 
 ut in meos conferre velis, in unum hunc conferas; de quo 25 
 tibi homine haec spondeo, non illo vetere verbo meo, quod, 
 cum ad te de Milone scripsissem, iure lusisti, sed more 
 Romano, quo modo homines non inepti loquuntur, probiorem 
 hominem, meliorem virum, pudentiorem esse neminem; 
 accedit etiam, quod familiam ducit in iure civili singulari 30 
 memoria, summa scientia. Huic ego neque tribunatum 
 neque praefecturam neque ullius beneficii certum nomen 
 peto; benevolentiam tuam et liberalitatem peto, neque 
 inpedio, quo minus, si tibi ita placuerit, etiam hisce eum 
 ernes gloriolae insignibus ; totum denique hominem tibi 35 
 ita trado, de manu, ut aiunt, in manum tuam istam et vic- 
 toria et fide praestantem. Simus enim putidiusculi, quam 
 per te vix licet; verum, ut video, licebit. Cura, ut valeas, 
 et me, ut amas, ama.
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 4 1 
 
 22. (Q. F. 2. 16.) 
 
 Cicero sends tlie news of the city to his brother Quintus now serving 
 with Caesar, and congratulates him on his advantages as an author. 
 
 JIARCUS QUINTO FRATRI SALUTEM. 
 
 Cum a me litteras librarii manu acceperis, ne paulum 
 quidevi me otii habuisse iudicato, cum autem mea, paulum: 
 sic enim habeto, numquam me a causis et iudiciis districtiorem 
 fuisse atque id anni tempore gravissimo et caloribus maximis. 
 5 Sed haec, quoniam tu ita praescribis, ferenda sunt, neque 
 committendum ut aut spei aut cogitationi vestrae ego videar 
 defuisse, praesertim cum, si id difficilius fuerit, tamen ex 
 hoc labore magnam gratiam magnamque dignitatem sim 
 conlecturus. Itaque, ut tibi placet, damus operam, ne cuius 
 
 10 animum offendamus atque ut etiam ab iis ipsis, qui nos cum 
 Caesare tarn coniunctos dolent, diligamur, ab acquis vero 
 aut etiam a propensis in banc partem vehementer et colamur 
 et amemur. De ambitu cum atrocissime ageretur in senatu 
 multos dies, quod ita erant progressi candidati consulares, ut 
 
 15 non esset ferendum, in senatu non fui : statui ad nuUam 
 medicinam rei publicae sine magno praesidio accedere. 
 Quo die haec scripsi, Drusus erat de praevaricatione a 
 tribunis aerariis absolutus, in summa, quattuor sententiis, 
 cum senatores et equites damnassent. Ego eodem die 
 
 20 post meridiem Vatinium eram defensurus : ea res facilis est. 
 Comitia in mensem Septembrem reiecta sunt. Scauri indicium 
 statim exercebitur, cui nos non deerimus. l.whe'mvovs 
 ^o(f)OKkeovs, quamquam a te actam fabellam video esse festive, 
 nullo modo probavi. Venio nunc ad id, quod nescio an 
 
 25 primum esse debuerit : o iucundas mihi tuas de Britannia 
 litteras ! Timebam Oceanum, timebam litus insulae. Reliqua 
 non equidem contemno, sed plus habent tamen spei quam 
 timoris, magisque sum sollicitus exspectatione ea quam
 
 42, A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 metu. Te vero vnodea-iv scribendi egregiam habere video : 
 quos tu situs, quas naturas rerum et locorum, quos mores, 30 
 quas gentes, quas pugnas, quern vero ipsum imperatorem 
 habes ! Ego te libenter, ut rogas, quibus rebus vis ad- 
 iuvabo et tibi versus, quos rogas, yXavK els 'Adrjvas, mit- 
 tam. Sed heus tu, celari videor a te : quomodonam, mi 
 frater, de nostris versibus Caesar ? nam primum librum 35 
 se legisse scripsit ad me ante, et prima sic, ut neget se 
 ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse ; reliqua ad quendam 
 locum padvfjiOTepa: hoc cnlm utitur verbo. Die mihi verum, 
 num aut res eum aut x'^P^'^'^hp non delectat ? nihil est, quod 
 vereare : ego enim ne pilo quidem minus me amabo. Hac 40 
 de re <^CKaKr]65is et, ut soles, scribe fraterne. 
 
 23. (FAM. 7. 10.) 
 
 Cicero rallies Trebatius on his new position in attendance on Caesar, 
 but concludes with serious inquiries about his prospects of advantage 
 in it. 
 
 [m.] CICERO S. D. TREBATIO. 
 
 Legi tuas litteras, ex quibus intellexi te Caesari nostro 
 valde iureconsultum videri : est quod gaudeas te in ista 
 loca venisse, ubi aliquid sapere viderere. Quod si in 
 Britanniam quoque profectus esses, profecto nemo in ilia 
 tanta insula peritior te fuisset. Verum tamen — rideamus 5 
 licet ; sum enim a te invitatus — subinvideo tibi, ultro te 
 etiam arcessitum ab eo, ad quern ceteri, non propter super- 
 biam eius, sed propter occupationem, adspirare non pos- 
 sunt. Sed tu in ista epistola nihil mihi scripsisti de tuis 
 rebus, quae mehercule mihi non minori curae sunt quam 10 
 meae. Valde metuo ne frigeas in hibernis; quam ob rem 
 camino luculento utendum censeo — idem Mucio et Manilio 
 placebat — , praesertim qui sagis non abundares : quamquam 
 vos nunc istic satis calere audio ; quo quidem nuntio valde
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 43 
 
 15 mehercule de te timueram. Sed tu in re militari multo es 
 cautior quam in advocationibus, qui neque in Oceano natare 
 volueris, studiosissimus homo natandi, neque spectare esse- 
 darios, quern antea ne andabata quidem defraudare potera- 
 mus. Sed iam satis iocati sumus. Ego de te ad Caesarem 
 
 20 quam diligenter scripserim, tute scis ; quam saepe, ego. Sed 
 mehercule iam intermiseram, ne viderer liberalissimi hominis 
 meique amantissimi voluntati erga me diffidere ; sed tamen 
 lis litteris, quas proxime dedi, putavi esse hominem commo- 
 nendum. Id feci: quid pro fecerim, facias me velim certiorem 
 
 25 et simul de toto statu tuo consiliisque omnibus ; scire enim 
 cupio, quid agas, quid exspectes, quam longum istum tuum 
 discessum a nobis futurum putes. Sic enim tibi persuadeas 
 velim, unum mihi esse solacium, qua re facilius possim pati 
 te esse sine nobis, si tibi esse id emolumento sciam; sin 
 
 30 autem id non est, nihil duobus nobis est stultius : me, qui te 
 non Romam attraham, te, qui non hue advoles. Una meher- 
 cule nostra vel severa vel iocosa congressio pluris erit quam 
 non modo hostes, sed etiam fratres nostri Haedui. Qua re 
 omnibus de rebus fac ut quam primum sciam : 
 
 35 Aut consolando aut consilio aut re iuvero. 
 
 24. (Q. F. 3. 5. et 6.) 
 
 Cicero writes with much interest about his treatise ' De Republica,' 
 but says that he is not in the mood for poetical composition. He con- 
 cludes by answering one or two questions and requests. 
 
 MARCUS QUINTO FRATRI SALUTEM. 
 
 Quod quaeris, quid de illis libris egerim, quos, cum essem 
 in Cumano, scribere institui, non cessavi neque cesso, sed 
 saepe iam scribendi totum consilium rationemque mutavi; 
 nam iam duobus factis libris, in quibus novendialibus iis 
 6 feriis, quae fuerunt Tuditano et Aquilio consulibus, sermo 
 est a me institutus Africani paulo ante mortem, et Laelii,
 
 44 ^ SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 Phili, Manilii, P. Rutilii, Q. Tuberonis et Laelii generorum, 
 Fannii et Scaevolae, sermo autem in novem et dies et libros 
 distributus de optimo statu civitatis et de optimo cive — sane 
 texebatur opus luculente hominumque dignitas aliquantum lo 
 orationi ponderis adferebat — , ii libri cum in Tusculano mihi 
 legerentur audiente Sallustio, admonitus sum ab illo multo 
 maiore auctoritate illis de rebus dici posse, si ipse loquerer 
 de re publica, praesertim cum essem non Heraclides Ponticus, 
 sed consularis et is, qui in maximis versatus [in re publica] 15 
 rebus essem; quae tam antiquis hominibus attribuerem, ea 
 visum iri ficta esse ; oratorum sermonem in illis nostris libris, 
 quod esset de ratione dicendi, belle a me removisse, ad eos 
 tamen rettulisse, quos ipse vidissem ; Aristotelem denique, 
 quae de re publica et praestanti viro scribat, ipsum loqui. 30 
 Commovit me, et eo magis, quod maximos motus nostrae 
 civitatis attingere non poteram, quod erant inferiores quam 
 illorum aetas, qui loquebantur: ego autem id ipsum turn 
 eram secutus, ne in nostra tempora incurrens ofFenderem 
 quempiam. Nunc et id vitabo et loquar ipse tecum, et tamen 25 
 ilia, quae institueram, ad te, si Romam venero, mittam ; puto 
 enim te existimaturum a me illos libros non sine aliquo meo 
 stomacho esse relictos. Caesaris amore, quern ad me per- 
 scripsti, unice delector; promissis iis, quae ostendit, non 
 valde pendeo : nee sitio honores nee desidero gloriam, magis- 30 
 que eius voluntatis perpetuitatem quam promissorum exitum 
 exspecto ; vivo tamen in ea ambitione et labore, /(2wquam id, 
 quod non postulo, exspectem. Quod me de versibus faci- 
 endis rogas, incredibile est, mi frater, quam egeam tempore, 
 nee sane satis commoveor animo ad ea, quae vis, canenda. 35 
 vnoSeaeis vero ad ea, quae ipse ego ne cogitando quidem 
 consequor, tu, qui omnes isto eloquendi et exprimendi genere 
 superasti, a me petis ? facerem tamen, ut possem, sed, quod 
 te minime fugit, opus est ad poema quadam animi alacritate, 
 quam plane mihi tempora eripiunt. Abduco me equidem ab 40
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 45 
 
 omni rei publicae cura dedoque litteris, sed tamen indicabo 
 tibi, quod mehercule in primis te celatum volebam : angor, 
 mi suavissime frater, angor nullam esse rem publicam, nulla 
 iudicia, nostrumque hoc tempus aetatis, quod in ilia aucto- 
 45 ritate senatoria florere debebat, aut forensi labore iactari aut 
 domesticis litteris sustentari, illud vero, quod a puero 
 adamaram, 
 
 iroKkov apicrreveiv koI vne'ipoy^os ijipevai aWcov, 
 
 totum occidisse, inimicos a me partim non oppugnatos, par- 
 
 50 tim etiam esse defensos, meum non modo animum, sed ne 
 odium quidem esse liberum, unumque ex omnibus Caesarem 
 esse inventum, qui me tantum, quantum ego vellem, amaret, 
 aut etiam, sicut alii putant, hunc unum esse, qui vellet : quo- 
 rum tamen nihil est eius modi, ut ego me non multa con- 
 
 55 solatione cotidie leniam, sed ilia erit consolatio maxima, si 
 una erimus. Nunc ad ilia vel gravissimum accedit desiderium 
 tui. Gabinium si, ut Pansa putat oportuisse, defendissem, 
 concidissem; qui ilium oderunt — ii sunt toti ordines — propter 
 quem oderunt, me ipsum odisse coepissent. Tenui me, ut 
 
 60 puto, egregie, tantum ut facerem, quantum omnes viderent ; 
 et in omni summa, ut mones, valde me ad otium pacemque 
 converto. De libris, Tyrannio est cessator ; Chrysippo dicam, 
 sed res operosa est et hominis perdiligentis : sentio ipse, qui 
 in summo studio nihil adsequor. De Latinis vero, quo me 
 
 65 vertam, nescio : ita mendose et scribuntur et veneunt ; sed 
 tamen, quod fieri poterit, non neglegam. Crebrius, ut ante 
 ad te scripsi, Romae est, et qui omnia adiurat, debere tibi 
 valde renuntiant. Ab aerario puto confectum esse, dum 
 absum. 
 
 •JO Quattuor tragoedias sedecim diebus absolvisse /e cum 
 scribas, tu quicquam ab alio mutuaris ? et xP«"f quaeris, cum 
 Electram et Troadas scripseris ? Cessator esse noli et illud 
 yvSidi aeavTov noli putare ad adrogantiam minuendam solum 
 esse dictum, verum etiam ut bona nostra norimus. Sed et
 
 46 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 istas et Erigonam mihi velim mittas. Habes ad duas epi- 75 
 stolas proximas. 
 
 25. (FAM. 7. 12.) 
 
 Cicero affects to believe that his friend Trebatius has become an 
 Epicurean, and shows him how his new creed will embarrass him in his 
 profession. 
 
 CICERO TREBATIO. 
 
 Mirabar, quid esset, quod tu mihi litteras mittere inter- 
 misisses : indicavit mihi Pansa meus Epicureum te esse 
 factum. O castra praeclara ! quid tu fecisses, si te Tarentum 
 et non Samarobrivam misissem ? iam turn mihi non place- 
 bas, cum idem tuebare, quod t Zeius familiaris meus. Sed 5 
 quonam modo ius civile defendes, cum omnia tua causa 
 facias, non civium .-' Ubi porro ilia erit formula fiduciae vx 
 
 INTER BONOS BENE AGIER OPORTET ? Quis CUim [cSt], qui 
 
 facit nihil nisi sua causa? Quod ius statues commvni divid- 
 VNDO, cum commune nihil possit esse apud eos, qui omnia 10 
 voluptate sua metiuntur? Quo modo autem tibi placebit 
 lovEM LAPiDEM iurarc, cum scias lovem iratum esse nemini 
 posse? Quid fiet porro populo Ulubrano, si tu statueris, 
 TToKiTevea-dai non oportere ? Qua re si plane a nobis deficis, 
 moleste fero; sin Pansae adsentari commodum est, ignosco. 15 
 Modo scribe aliquando ad nos, quid agas et a nobis quid fieri 
 aut curari velis. 
 
 26. (FAM. 7. 18.) 
 
 Another bantering letter to Trebatius. 
 CICERO TREBATIO SAL. 
 
 Accepi a te aliquot epistolas uno tempore, quas tu 
 diversis temporibus dederas: in quibus me cetera delec- 
 tarunt; significabant enim te istam militiam iam firmo
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 47 
 
 animo ferre et esse fortem virum et constantem ; quae 
 
 5 ego paulisper in te ita desideravi, non inbecillitate animi 
 tui, sed magis, ut desiderio nostri te aestuare putarem. 
 Qua re perge, ut coepisti; forti animo istam tolera mili- 
 tiam : multa, niihi crede, adsequere ; ego enim renovabo 
 commendationem, sed tempore. Sic habeto, non tibi ma- 
 
 10 iori esse curae, ut iste tuus a me discessus quam fructuo- 
 sissimus tibi sit, quam mihi ; itaque, quoniam vestrae 
 cautiones infirmae sunt, Graeculam tibi misi cautionem 
 chirographi mei. Tu me velim de ratione Gallici belli 
 certiorem facias; ego enim ignavissimo cuique maximam 
 
 15 fidem habeo. Sed, ut ad epistolas tuas redeam, cetera 
 belle; illud miror: quis solet eodem exemplo plures dare, 
 qui sua manu scribit? Nam quod in palimpsesto, laudo 
 equidem parsimoniam; sed miror, quid in ilia chartula 
 fuerit, quod delere malueris quam haec non scribere, nisi 
 
 20 forte tuas formulas ; non enim puto te meas epistolas 
 delere, ut reponas tuas. An hoc significas, nihil fieri, 
 frigere te, ne chartam quidem tibi suppeditare .? lam ista 
 tua culpa est, qui verecundiam tecum extuleris et non hie 
 nobiscum reliqueris. Ego te Balbo, cum ad vos proficis- 
 
 25 cetur, more Romano commendabo. Tu, si intervallum 
 longius erit mearum litterarum, ne sis admiratus; eram 
 enim afuturus mense Aprili. Has litteras scripsi in Pomp- 
 tino, cum ad villam M. Aemilii Philemonis devertissem, ex 
 qua iam audieram fremitum clientium meorum, quos quidem 
 
 30 tu mihi conciliasti ; nam Ulubris honoris mei causa vim 
 maximam ranunculorum se commosse constabat. Cura 
 ut valeas. vi. Id. April, de Pomptino. 
 
 Epistolam tuam, quam accepi ab L. Arruntio, conscidi 
 innocentem ; nihil enim habebat, quod non vel in contione 
 
 35 recte legi posset : sed et Arruntius ita te mandasse aiebat 
 et tu adscripseras. Verum illud esto. Nihil te ad me 
 postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus.
 
 48 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 27. (FAM. 5. 17.) 
 
 Cicero endeavours to console Sittius in his exile. 
 M. CICERO S. D. P. SITTIO P. F. 
 
 Non oblivione amicitiae nostrae neque intermissione 
 consuetudinis meae superioribus temporibus ad te nuUas 
 litteras misi, sed quod priora tempora in ruinis rei publicae 
 nostrisque iacuerunt, posteriora autem me a scribendo tuis 
 iniustissimis atque acerbissimis incommodis retardarunt. 5 
 Cum vero et intervallum iam satis longum fuisset et tuam 
 virtutem animique magnitudinem diligentius essem me- 
 cum recordatus, non putavi esse alienum institutis meis 
 haec ad te scribere : ego te, P. Sitti, et primis temporibus 
 illis, quibus in invidiam absens et in crimen vocabare, 10 
 defendi, et, cum in tui familiarissimi iudicio ac periculo 
 tuum crimen coniungeretur, ut potui accuratissime te 
 tuamque causam tutatus sum, et proxime, recenti adventu 
 meo, cum rem aliter institutam offendissem ac mihi placuisset, 
 si adfuissem, tamen nulla re saluti tuae defui; cum que eo 15 
 tempore invidia annonae, inimici non solum tui, verum 
 etiam amicarum tuorum, iniquitas totius iudicii multaque 
 alia rei publicae vitia plus quam causa ipsa veritasque val- 
 uissent, Publio tuo neque opera neque consilio neque labore 
 neque gratia neque testimonio defui. Quam ob rem omnibus 20 
 officiis amicitiae diligenter a me sancteque servatis ne hoc 
 quidem praetermittendum esse duxi, te ut hortarer roga- 
 remque, ut et hominem te et virum esse meminisses, id est, 
 ut et communem incertumque casum, quem neque vitare 
 quisquam nostrum nee praestare ullo pacto potest, sapienter 25 
 ferres et dolori fortiter ac fortunae resisteres cogitaresque et 
 in nostra civitate et in ceteris, quae rerum potitae sunt, 
 multis fortissimis atque optimis viris iniustis iudiciis tales 
 casus incidisse. Illud utinam ne vere scriberem, ea te re
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 49 
 
 30 publica carere, in qua neminem prudentem hominem res 
 uUa delectet ! De tuo autem filio, vereor ne, si nihil ad te 
 scripserim, debitum eius virtuti videar testimonium non 
 dedisse, sin autem omnia, quae sentio, perscripserim, ne 
 refricem meis litteris desiderium ac dolorem tuum : sed 
 
 55 tamen prudentissime fades, si illius pietatem, virtutem, 
 industriam, ubicumque eris, tuam esse, tecum esse duces ; 
 nee enim minus nostra sunt quae animo conplectimur quam 
 quae oculis intuemur. Quam 'ob rem et illius eximia virtus 
 summusque in te amor magnae tibi consolationi debet esse, 
 
 40 et nos ceterique, qui te non ex fortuna, sed ex virtute tua 
 pendimus semperque pendemus, et maxime animi tui con- 
 scientia, cum tibi nihil merito accidisse reputabis et illud 
 adiunges, homines sapientes turpitudine, non casu, et delicto 
 suo, non aliorum iniuria commoveri. Ego et memoria 
 
 45 nostrae veteris amicitiae et virtute atque observantia filii tui 
 monitus nullo loco deero neque ad consolandam neque ad 
 levandam fortunam tuam : tu si quid ad me forte scripseris, 
 perficiam ne te frustra scripsisse arbitrere. 
 
 28. (FAM. 3. 2.) 
 
 Cicero begs Appius, his predecessor in Cilicia, to arrange affairs in it 
 with a view to his convenience. 
 
 M. CICERO PROCOS. S. D. APPIO PULCHRO IMP. 
 
 Cum et contra voluntatem meam et praeter opinionem 
 accidisset, ut mihi cum imperio in provinciam proficisci 
 necesse asset, in multis et variis molestiis cogitationibusque 
 meis haec una consolatio occurrebat,'quod neque tibi ami- 
 5 cior, quam ego sum, quisquam posset succedere neque ego 
 ab ullo provinciam accipere, qui mallet eam quam maxime 
 mihi aptam explicatamque tradere. Quod si tu quoque ean- 
 dem de mea voluntate erga te spem habes, ea te profecto 
 
 E
 
 50 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 numquam fallet. A te maximo opere pro nostra summa 
 coniunctione tuaque singular! humanitate etiam atque etiam lo 
 quaeso et peto ut, quibuscumque rebus poteris — poteris au- 
 tem plurimis — prospicias et consulas rationibus meis. Vides 
 ex senatus consulto provinciam esse habendam : si earn, 
 quod eius facere potueris, quam expeditissumam mihi tra- 
 dideris, facilior erit mihi quasi decursus mei temporis. Quid 15 
 in eo genere efficere possis, tui consilii est ; ego te, quod tibi 
 veniet in mentem mea interesse, valde rogo. Pluribus verbis 
 ad te scriberem, si aut tua humanitas longiorem orationem 
 exspectaret aut id fieri nostra amicitia pateretur aut res 
 verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur. Hoc velim *o 
 tibi persuadeas, si rationibus meis provisum a te esse intel- 
 lexero, magnam me ex eo et perpetuam voluptatem esse 
 capturum. 
 
 29. (ATT. 5. I.) 
 
 Cicero, after his departure, writes to Atticus, chiefly to justify his 
 brother Quintus, by showing the provocation which his wife (Atticus' 
 sister) gave him. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Ego vero et tuum in discessu vidi animum et meo sum 
 ipse testis; quo magis erit tibi videndum, ne quid novi de- 
 cernatur, ut hoc nostrum desiderium ne plus sit annuum. 
 De Annio Saturnino curasti probe. De satis dando vero te 
 rogo, quoad eris Romae, tu ut satis des ; et sunt aliquot 5 
 satisdationes secundum mancipium, veluti Mennianorum 
 praediorum vel Atilianorum. De Oppio factum est «/ volui, 
 et maxime quod dccc. aperuisti; quae quidem ego utique 
 vel versura facta solvi volo, ne extrema exactio nostrorum 
 nominum exspectetur. Nunc venio ad transversum ilium 10 
 extremae epistolae tuae versiculum, in quo me admones de 
 sorore. Quae res se sic habet : ut veni in Arpinas, cum ad 
 me frater venisset, in primis nobis sermo, isque multus. de te
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 5 1 
 
 fuit ; ex quo ego veni ad ea, quae fueramus ego et tu inter 
 
 15 nos de sorore in Tusculano locuti; nihil tarn vidi mite, nihil 
 tarn placatum, quam turn meus frater erat in sororem tuam, 
 ut etiam, si qua fuerat ex ratione sumptus offensio, non ap- 
 pareret. Illo sic die ; postridie ex Arpinati profecti sumus. 
 ut in Arcano Quintus maneret, dies fecit, ego Aquini, sed 
 
 20 prandimus in Arcano. Nosti hunc fundum : quo ut venimus, 
 humanissime Quintus ' Pomponia,' inquit ' tu invita mulieres, 
 ego accivero pueros.' Nihil potuit, mihi quidem ut visum est, 
 dulcius, idque cum verbis, tum etiam animo ac voltu ; at ilia 
 audientibus nobis ' ego sum' inquit * hie hospita.' Id autem 
 
 25 ex eo, ut opinor, quod antecesserat Statius, ut prandium 
 nobis videret. Tum Quintus *en' inquit mihi 'haec ego 
 patior cotidie.' Dices ' quid, quaeso, istuc erat ?' magnum : 
 itaque me ipsum commoverat; sic absurde et aspere 
 verbis voltuque responderat. Dissimulavi dolens. Discu- 
 
 30 buimus omnes praeter illam, cui tamen Quintus de mensa 
 misit : ilia reiecit. Quid multa ? nihil meo fratre lenius, nihil 
 asperius tua sorore mihi visum est, et multa praetereo, quae 
 tum mihi maiori stomacho quam ipsi Quinto fuerunt. Ego 
 inde Aquinum; Quintus in Arcano icmansit et Aquinum 
 
 35 ad me postridie mane venit mihique narravit nee secum illam 
 dormire voluisse ef, cum discessura esset, fuisse eius modi, 
 qualem ego vidissem. Quid quaeris ? vel ipsi hoc dicas licet, 
 humanitatem ei meo iudicio illo die defuisse. Haec ad te 
 scripsi fortasse pluribus, quam necesse fuit, ut videres tuas 
 
 40 quoque esse partes instituendi et monendi. Reliquum est, ut 
 ante, quam proficiscare, mandata nostra exhaurias, scribas 
 ad me omnia, Pomptinum extrudas, cum profectus eris, cures 
 ut sciam, sic habeas, nihil mehercule te mihi nee carius esse 
 nee suavius. A. Torquatum amantissime dimisi INIinturnis, 
 
 45 optimum virum, cui me ad te scripsisse aliquid, in sermone 
 significes velim. 
 
 E 2
 
 5:j A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 30. (ATT. 5. 10.) 
 
 Cicero describes his moderation in not exacting his right to free 
 quarters at Athens, which city he finds a pleasant resting-place, though 
 completely cut off from news from Rome. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Ut Athenas a. d. vii. Kal. Quinctiles veneram, exspectabam 
 ibi iam quartum diem Pomptinum, neque de eius adventu 
 certi quicquam habebam. Eram autem totus, crede mihi, 
 tecum, et quamquam sine iis per me ipse, tamen acrius 
 vestigiis tuis monitus de te cogitabam. Quid quaeris ? non 5 
 mehercule alius ullus sermo nisi de te. Sed tu aliquid de 
 ?fie ipso scire fortasse mavis ; haec sunt : adhuc sumptus nee 
 in me aut publice aut privatim nee in quemquam comitum ; 
 nihil accipitur lege lulia, nihil ab hospite; persuasum est 
 omnibus meis serviendum esse famae meae ; belle adhuc. 10 
 Hoc animadversum Graecorum laude et multo sermone cele- 
 bratur. Quod superest, elaboratur in hoc a me, sicut tibi 
 sensi placere ; sed haec turn laudemus, cum erunt perorata. 
 Reliqua sunt eius modi, ut meum consilium saepe reprehen- 
 dam, quod non aliqua ratione ex hoc negotio emerserim : 15 
 O rem minime aptam meis moribus ! O illud varum ep8oi ns ! 
 Dices ' quid adhuc ? nondum enim in negotio versaris.' 
 Scio,^ et puto molestiora restare ; etsi haec ipsa fero equidem 
 fronte, ut puto, et voltu bellissime, sed angor intimis sensi- 
 bus : ita multa vel iracunde vel insolenter vel in omni genere 20 
 stultitiae insulse, adroganter et dicuntur et tacentur cotidie. 
 Quae non quo te celem non perscribo, sed quia Bva-e^eiXrjra 
 sunt; itaque admirabere meam ^advTrjra, cum salvi redieri- 
 mus : tanta mihi fieXerrj huius virtutis datur. Ergo haec quo- 
 que hactenus ; etsi mihi nihil erat propositum ad scribendum, 35 
 quia, quid ageres, ubi terrarum esses, ne suspicabar quidem, 
 nee hercule umquam tam diu ignarus rerum mearum fui,
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 53 
 
 quid de Caesaris, quid de INIilonis nominibus actum sit: ac 
 non modo nemo sed ne rumor quidem quisquam, ut scire- 
 
 30 mus, in re publica quid ageretur. Qua re si quid erit, quod 
 scias de lis rebus, quas putabis scire me velle, per mihi gra- 
 tum erit, si id curaris ad me perferendum. Quid est prae- 
 terea? nihil sane nisi illud: valde me Athenae delectarunt, 
 turbae dumtaxat et urbis ornamentum et hominum amores 
 
 35 in te et in nos quaedam benevolentia, sed multum ea philo- 
 sophia sursum deorsum, si quidem est in Aristo, apud quern 
 eram ; nam Xenonem tuum vel nostrum potius Quinto con- 
 cesseram, et tamen propter vicinitatem totos dies simul 
 eramus [iunctim]. Cum primum poteris, tua consilia ad me 
 
 40 scribes, ut sciam, quid agas, ubi quoque tempore^ maxima 
 quando Romae futurus sis. 
 
 31. (FAM. 13. I.) 
 
 Cicero with much persuasiveness begs Memmius to give up to Patro 
 the Epicurean, a friend of Atticus, the site and ruins of the house of 
 Epicurus, which had been granted to Memmius to build upon. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. C. MEMMIO. 
 
 Etsi non satis mihi constiterat, cum aliquane animi mei 
 molestia an potius lubenter te Athenis visurus essem, quod 
 iniuria, quam accepisti, dolore me adficeret, sapientia tua, 
 qua fers iniuriam, laetitia, tamen vidissem te mallem ; nam, 
 5 quod est molestiae, non sane multo levius est, cum te non 
 video ; quod esse potuit voluptatis, certe, si vidissem te, plus 
 fuisset. Itaque non dubitabo dare operam, ut te videam, 
 cum id satis commode facere potero : interea, quod per 
 litteras et agi tecum et, ut arbitror, confici potest, agam 
 10 nunc. Ac te illud primum rogabo, ne quid invitus mea 
 causa facias, sed id, quod mea intelleges multum, tua nullam 
 in partem interesse, ita mihi des, si tibi, ut id lubenter facias,
 
 54 ^ SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 ante persuaseris. Cum Patrone Epicurio mihi omnia com- 
 jnunia sunt, nisi quod in philosophia vehementer ab eo dis- 
 sentio; sed et initio Romae, cum te quoque et tuos omnes 15 
 observabat, me coluit in primis, et nuper, cum ea, quae 
 voluit, de suis commodis et praemiis consecutus est, me 
 habuit suorum defensorum et amiconim fere principem ; et 
 iam a Phaedro, qui nobis, cum pueri essemus, ante quam 
 Philonem cognovimus, valde ut philosophus, postea tamen 10 
 ut vir bonus et suavis et oflBciosus probabatur, traditus mihi 
 commendatusque est: is igitur Patro, cum ad me Romam 
 litteras misisset, uti te sibi placarem peteremque, ut nescio 
 quid illud Epicuri parietinarum sibi concederes, nihil scripsi 
 ad te ob eam rem, quod aedificationis tuae consihum com- 25 
 mendatione mea nolebam inpediri ; idem, ut veni Athenas, 
 cum idem ad te scriberem rogasset, ob eam causam impe- 
 travit, quod te abiecisse illam aedificationem constabat inter 
 omnes amicos tuos. Quod si ita est et si iam tua plane nihil 
 interest, velim, si qua offensiuncula facta est animi tui per- 30 
 versitate aliquorum — novi enim gentem illam — , des te ad 
 lenitatem vel propter summam iuam humanitatem vel etiam 
 honoris mei causa. Equidem, si quid ipse sentiam quaeris, 
 nee cur ille tanto opere contendat video, nee cur tu re- 
 pugnes; nisi tamen multo minus tibi concedi potest quam 35 
 illi laborare sine causa. Quamquam Patronis et orationem 
 et causam tibi cognitam esse certo scio : honorem, ofBcium, 
 testamentorum ius, Epicuri auctoritatem, Phaedri obtestatio- 
 nem, sedem, domicilium, vestigia summorum hominum sibi 
 tuenda esse dicit. Totam hominis vitam rationemque, quam 40 
 sequitur in philosophia, derideamus Kcet, si hanc eius con- 
 tentionem volumus reprehendere ; sed mehercules, quoniam 
 illi ceterisque, quos ilia delectant, non valde inimici sumus, 
 nescio an ignoscendum sit huic, si tanto opere laborat; in 
 quo etiam si peccat, magis ineptiis quam inprobitate peccat. 45 
 Sed ne plura — dicendum enim aliquando est — Pomponium
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. ^^ 
 
 Atticum sic amo, ut alteram fratrem ; nihil est illo mihi nee 
 carius nee iucundius. Is — non quo sit ex istis ; est enim 
 omni liberali doctrina politissimus, sed valde diligit Patro- 
 
 50 nem, valde Phaedram amavit — sic a me hoc contendit, homo 
 minime ambitiosus, minime in rogando molestus, ut nihil 
 umquam magis, nee dubitat quin ego a te nutu hoc consequi 
 possem, etiam si aedificaturas esses. Nunc vero, si audierit 
 te aedificationem deposuisse neque tamen me a te impe- 
 
 55 trasse, non te in me .inliberalem, sed me in se neglegentem. 
 putabit. Quam ob rem peto a te, ut scribas ad tuos posse 
 tua voluntate decretum illud Areopagitaram, quern vnoumjiia- 
 Tiap.ov illi vocant, tolli. Sed redeo ad prima: prius velim 
 tibi persuadeas, ut hoc mea causa libenter facias, quam ut 
 
 60 facias ; sic tamen habeto, si feceris, quod rogo, fore mihi 
 gratissimum. Vale. 
 
 32. (ATT. 5. 20.) 
 
 Cicero describes the events in his province since his arrival, including 
 his successes over the independent tribes at Amanus and Pindenissum. 
 He thanks Atticus for the news which he had received from him, and 
 makes comments upon it. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Saturnalibus mane se mihi Pindenissitae dediderant, 
 septimo et quinquagesimo die, postquam oppugnare eos 
 coepimus. 'Qui, malum! isti Pindenissitae? qui sunt.?' 
 inquies ; ' nomen audivi numquam.' Quid ego faciam } 
 5 num potui Ciliciam Aetoliam aut Macedoniam reddere 1 
 hoc iani sic habeto, nee hoc exercitu fiec hie tanta ne- 
 gotia geri potuisse ; quae cognosce iv emro^rj : sic enim 
 concedis mihi proxumis litteris. Ephesum ut venerim, 
 nosti, qui etiam mihi gratulatus es illius diei celebrita- 
 10 tern, qua nihil me umquam delectavit magis. Inde oppi- 
 dis iis, t quae erant, mirabiliter accepti, Laodiceam pridie
 
 56 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 Kal. Sextiles venimus. Ibi morati biduum perillustres 
 fuimus honorificisque verbis omnes iniurias revellimus 
 superiores; quod idem dein Apameae quinque dies morati 
 et Synnadis triduum, Philomelii quinque dies, Iconii decern, 15 
 fecimus. Niliil ea iuris dictione aequabilius, nihil lenius, 
 nihil gravius. Inde in castra veni a. d. vii. Kalendas 
 Septembres. A. d. iii. exercitum lustravi apud Iconium. 
 Ex his castris, cum graves de Parthis nuntii venirent, 
 perrexi in Ciliciam per Cappadociae partem eam, quae 20 
 Ciliciam attingit, eo consilio, ut Armenius Artavasdes et 
 ipsi Parthi Cappadocia se excludi putarent. Cum dies 
 quinque ad Cybistra [Cappadociae] castra habuissem, certior 
 sum factus Parthos ab illo aditu Cappadociae longe abesse, 
 Ciliciae magis imminere ; itaque confestim iter in Ciliciam 25 
 feci per Tauri pylas. Tarsum veni a. d. iii. Nonas Octobres. 
 Inde ad Amanum contendi, qui Syriam a Cilicia in aquarum 
 divertio dividit ; qui mons erat hostium plenus sempiter- 
 norum. Hie a. d. m. Idus Octobr. magnum numerum 
 hostium occidimus. Castella munitissima, nocturno Pom- 30 
 ptini adventu, nostro matutino, cepimus, incendimus ; im- 
 peratores appellati sumus. Castra paucos dies habuimus 
 ea ipsa, quae contra Darium habuerat apud Issum Alex- 
 ander, imperator baud paulo melior quam aut tu aut 
 ego. Ibi dies quinque morati, direpto et vastato Amano, 35 
 inde discessimus ; scis enim dici quaedam rraviKa, dici 
 item TO. K€va rov TToXefjiov, Rumore adventus nostri et Cassio, 
 qui Antiochia tenebatur, animus accessit et Parthis timor 
 iniectus est : itaque eos cedentes ab oppido Cassius insecutus 
 rem bene gessit ; qua in fuga magna auctoritate Osaces, 40 
 dux Parthorum, volnus accepit eoque interiit paucis post 
 diebus. Erat in Syria nostrum nomen in gratia. Venit 
 interim Bibulus ; credo, voluit appellatione hac inani nobis 
 esse par: in eodem Amano coepit loreolam in mustaceo 
 quaerere. At ille cohortem primam totam perdidit cen- 45
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. ^"J 
 
 turionemque primi pili, nobilem sui generis, Asinium 
 Dentonem, et reliquos cohortis eiusdem et Sex. Lucilium, 
 T. Gavii Caepionis, locupletis et splendid! hominis, filium, 
 tribunum militum. Sane plagam odiosam acceperat cum 
 
 50 re, turn tempore. Nos ad Pindenissum, quod oppidum 
 munitissimum Eleutherocilicum omnium memoria in armis 
 fuit. Feri homines et acres et omnibus rebus ad defen- 
 dendum parati. Cinximus vallo et fossa, aggere maximo, 
 vineis, turre altissima, magna tormentorum copia, multis 
 
 55 sagittariis, magno labore, apparatu ; multis sauciis nostris, 
 incolumi exercitu, negotium confecimus. Hilara sane 
 Saturnalia, militibus quoque, quibus equis exceptis reliquam 
 praedam concessimus. Mancipia venibant Saturnalibus 
 tertiis. Cum haec scribebam, in tribunali res erat ad HS. 
 
 60 cxx. Hinc exercitum in hiberna agri male pacati deducendum 
 Q. fratri dabam ; ipse me Laodiceam recipiebam. Haec 
 adhuc. Sed ad praeterita revertamur. Quod me maxime 
 hortaris et quod pluris est quam omnia, in quo laboras, 
 ut etiam Ligurino /iw/iw satis faciamus, moriar, si quic- 
 
 65 quam fieri potest elegantius ; nee iam ego banc continen- 
 tiam appello, quae virtus voluptati resistere videtur : ego 
 in vita mea nulla umquam voluptate tanta sum adfectus, 
 quanta adficior hac integritate, nee me tam fama, quae 
 summa est, quam res ipsa delectat. Quid quaeris? fuit 
 
 70 tanti ; me ipse non noram nee satis sciebam, quid in 
 hoc genere facere possem ; recte Trtcjiva-icofiai : nihil est 
 praeclarius. Interim haec Xa/x7rpa : Ariobarzanes opera mea 
 vivit, regnat : ev -napobca, consilio et auctoritate et quod 
 insidiatoribus eius a-rrpoaiTov me, non modo abapoboKrjTov 
 
 75 praebui, regem regnumque servavi. Interea e Cappadocia 
 ne pilum quidem ; Brutum abiectum, quantum potui, 
 excitavi, quern non minus amo quam tu, paene dixi, quam te. 
 Atque etiam spero toto anno imperii nostri teruncium 
 sumptus in provincia nullum fore. Habes omnia. Nunc
 
 58 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 publice litteras Romam mittere parabam ; uberiores erunt, 80 
 quam si ex Amano misissem. At te Romae non fore ! 
 sed est totum, quod Kalendis Martiis futurum est ; vereor 
 enim ne, cum de provincia agetur, si Caesar resistet, nos 
 retineamur : his tu si adesses, nihil timerem. Redeo ad 
 urbana, quae ego diu ignorans ex tuis iucundissimis litteris 85 
 a, d. V. Kal. lanuarias denique cognovi. Eas diligentissime 
 Philogenes, libertus tuus, curavit perlonga et non satis 
 tuta via perferendas ; nam quas Laenii pueris scribis datas, 
 non acceperam. lucunda de Caesare et quae senatus 
 decrevit et quae tu speras, quibus ille si cedit, salvi sumus. 90 
 Incendio Plaetoriano quod Seius ambustus est, minus moleste 
 fero. Lucceius de Q. Cassio cur tam vehemens fuerit et 
 quid actum sit, aveo scire. Ego, cum Laodiceam venero, 
 Quinto, sororis tuae filio, togam puram iubeor dare, cui 
 moderabor diligentius. Deiotarus, cuius auxiliis magnis 95 
 usus sum, ad me, ut scripsit, cum Ciceronibus Laodi- 
 ceam venturus erat. Tuas etiam Epiroticas exspecto lit- 
 teras, ut habeam rationem non modo negotii, verum etiam 
 otii tui. Nicanor in officio est et a me liberaliter tractatur; 
 quem, ut puto, Romam cum litteris publicis mittam, ut too 
 et diligentius perferantur et idem ad me certa de te et a te 
 referat. Alexis quod mihi totiens salutem adscribit, est 
 gratum ; sed cur non suis litteris idem facit, quod mens ad 
 te Alexis facit ? Phemio quaeritur Kfpa^. Sed haec hactenus. 
 Cura ut valeas et ut sciam, quando cogites Romam : etiam 105 
 atque etiam vale. 
 
 Tua tuosque Thermo et praesens Ephesi diligentissime 
 commendaram et nunc per litteras, ipsumque intellexi esse 
 perstudiosum tui. Tu velim, quod antea ad te scripsi, de 
 domo Pammeni des operam, ut, quod tuo meoque beneficio no 
 puer habet, cures ne qua ratione convellatur. Id cum 
 honestum utrique nostrum existimo, tum mihi erit pergratum.
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 59 
 
 33. (FAM. 7. 32.) 
 
 Cicero affects anxiety about his reputation as a saver of good things ; 
 and begs Volumnius to take care that other people's dull wit sliould 
 not be attributed to him. 
 
 [m.] CICERO S. D. VOLUMKIO. 
 
 Quod sine praenomine familiariter, ut debebas, ad me 
 epistolam misisti, primum addubitavi, num a Volumnio 
 senatore asset, quocum mihi est magnus usus ; deinde 
 (vTpaTTfXia litterarum fecit ut intellegerem tuas esse; quibus 
 5 in litteris omnia mihi periucunda fuerunt praeter illud, quod 
 parum diligenter possessio salinarum mearum a te procuratore 
 defenditur ; ais enim, ut ego discesserim, omnia omnium 
 dicta, in liis etiam Sestiana, in me conferri. Quid ? tu id 
 pateris? non me defendis? non resistis? equidem sperabam 
 
 10 ita notata me reliquisse genera dictorum meorum, ut 
 cognosci sua sponte possent. Sed quoniam tanta faex est 
 in urbe, ut niiiil tam sit anvdrjpov, quod non alicui venustum 
 esse videatur, pugna, si me amas, nisi acuta djicpi^okia, nisi 
 elegans vnep^okx], nisi napdypapua bellum, nisi ridiculum Traph 
 
 15 npoa-boKLav, nisi cetera, quae sunt a me in secundo libro ' de 
 oratore' [per Antonii personam] disputata de ridiculis, evrexva 
 et arguta adparebunt, ut Sacramento contendas mea non 
 esse. Nam de iudiciis quod quereris, multo laboro minus : 
 trahantur per me pedibus omnes rei; sit vel Selius tam 
 
 20 eloquens, ut possit probare se liberum : non laboro. Ur- 
 banitatis possessionem, amabo, quibusvis interdictis de- 
 fendamus : in qua te unum metuo, contemno ceteros. 
 Derideri te putas ? nunc demum intellego te sapere. Sed 
 mehercules extra iocum: valde mihi tuae litterae facetae 
 
 25 elegantesque visae sunt. Ilia, quamvis ridicula essent,
 
 60 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 sicut erant, mihi tamen risum non moverunt : cupio enim 
 nostrum ilium amicum in tribunatu quam plurimum ha- 
 bere gravitatis; idque cum ipsius causa — est mihi, ut scis, 
 in amoribus — , turn mehercule etiam rei publicae; quam 
 quidem, quamvis in me ingrata sit, amare non desinam. 3° 
 Tu, mi Volumni, quoniam et instituisti et mihi vides esse 
 gratum, scribe ad me quam saepissime de rebus urbanis, de 
 re publica: iucundus est mihi sermo litterarum luarum. 
 Praeterea Dolabellam, quem ego perspicio et iudico cupid- 
 issimum esse atque amantissimum mei, cohortare et confirma 35 
 et redde plane meum ; non mehercule, quo quicquam desit, 
 sed quia valde cupio, non videor nimiura laborare. 
 
 34. (FAM. 15. 5.) 
 
 Cato wishes Cicero joy of the thanksgiving decreed for his administra- 
 tion, but warns him not to expect a triumph. 
 
 M. CATO S. D. M. CICERONI BIP. 
 
 Quod et res publica me et nostra amicitia hortatur, libenter 
 facio, ut tuam virtutem. innocentiam, diligentiam cognitam 
 in maximis rebus domi togati, armati foris pari industria 
 administrare gaudeam : itaque, quod pro meo iudicio facere 
 potui, ut innocentia consilioque tuo defensam provinciam, 5 
 servatum Ariobarzanis cum ipso rege regnum, sociorum 
 revocatam ad studium imperii nostri voluntatem sententia 
 mea et decreto laudarem, feci. Supplicationem decretam, 
 si tu, qua in re nihil fortuito, sed summa tua ratione et con- 
 tinentia rei publicae provisum est, dis inmortalibus gratulari 10 
 nos quam tibi referre acceptum mavis, gaudeo : quod si tri- 
 umphi praerogativam putas supplicationem et idcirco casum 
 potius quam te laudari mavis, neque supplicationem sequitur 
 semper triumphus, et triumpho multo clarius est senatum 
 iudicare potius mansuetudine et innocentia imperatoris pro- 15
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 6 1 
 
 vinciam quam vi militum aut benignitate deorum retentam 
 atque conservatam esse ; quod ego mea sententia censebam. 
 Atque haec ego idcirco ad te contra consuetudinem meam 
 pluribus scripsi, ut, quod maxime volo, existimes me labo- 
 20 rare, ut tibi persuadeam me et voluisse de tua maiestate, 
 quod amplissimum sim arbitratus, et, quod tu maluisti, fac- 
 tum esse gaudere. Vale et nos dilige et instituto itinere 
 severitatem diligentiamque sociis et rei publicae praesta. 
 
 35. (ATT, 6. 6.) 
 
 Cicero explains the embarrassment which he felt in giving his 
 daughter to Dolabella ; and excuses himself for leaving Caelius in his 
 province as governor ad interim. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Ego, dum in provincia omnibus rebus Appium orno, 
 subito sum factus accusatoris eius socer. ' Id quidem ' inquis 
 ' di adprobent ! ' Ita velim, teque ita cupere certo scio ; sed 
 crede mihi, nihil minus putaram ego, qui de Ti. Nerone, 
 
 5 qui mecum egerat, certos homines ad mulieres miseram, qui 
 Romam venerunt factis sponsalibus. Sed hoc spero melius ; 
 mulieres quidem valde intellego delectari obsequio et 
 comitate adulescentis : cetera noli i^aKavBL^uv. Sed heus tu, 
 nvpovs ds 8riiMov Athenis ? placet hoc tibi ? etsi non impedie- 
 
 lo bant mei certe libri ; non enim ista largitio fuit in cives, sed 
 in hospites liberalitas. Me tamen de Academiae ivponvkw 
 iubes cogitare, cum iam Appius de Eleusine non cogitet ? De 
 Hortensio te certo scio dolere, equidem excrucior; decreram 
 enim cum eo valde familiariter vivere. Nos provinciae prae- 
 
 1 5 fecimus Caelium : ' puerum ' inquies ' et fortasse fatuum et 
 non gravem et non continentem.' Adsentior: fieri non
 
 62 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 potuit aliter. Nam quas multo ante tuas acceperam litteras, 
 in quibus eVexeti/ te scripseras, quid esset mihi faciendum de 
 relinquendo, eae me pungebant; videbam enim, quae tibi 
 essent eVox^s causae, et erant eaedem mihi : puero tradere ? 20 
 fratri autem ? illud non utile nobis ; nam praeter fratrem 
 nemo erat, quern sine contumelia quaestori, nobili praesertim, 
 anteferrem. Tamen, dum impendere Parthi videbantur, sta- 
 tueram fratrem relinquere aut etiam rei publicae causa contra 
 senatus consultum ipse remanere, qui posteaquam incredibili 25 
 felicitate discesserunt, sublata dubitatio est. Videbam ser- 
 mones : ' hui, fratrem reliquit ! num est hoc non plus annum 
 obdnere provinciam ? quid, quod senatus eos voluit praeesse 
 provinciis, qui non praefuissent ? at hie triennium.' Ergo 
 haec ad populum. Quid, quae tecum ? numquam essem sine 30 
 cura, si quid iracundius aut contumeliosius aut neglegentius, 
 quae fert vita hominum. Quid, si quid filius puer et puer 
 bene sibi fidens ? qui esset dolor ? quem pater non dimittebat 
 teque id censere moleste ferebat. At nunc Caelius, non dico 
 equidem, quid egerit, sed tamen multo minus laboro. Adde 35 
 illud: Pompeius, eo robore vir, iis radicibus, Q. Cassium 
 sine sorte delegit, Caesar Antonium ; ego sorte datum ofFen- 
 derem, ut etiam inquireret in eum, quem reliquissem? hoc 
 melius, et huius rei plura exempla, senectuti quidem nostrae 
 profecto aptius. At te apud eum, di boni ! quanta in gratia 40 
 posui, eique legi litteras non tuas, sed librarii tui, Amicorum 
 litterae me ad triumphum vocant, rem a nobis, ut ego arbi- 
 tror, propter banc Trakiyyevea-iav nostram non neglegendam : 
 qua re tu quoque, mi Attice, incipe id cupere, quo nos minus 
 inepti videamur. 45
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO, 63 
 
 !/ 
 
 36: (FAM. 15. 6.) 
 
 Cicero affects to be greatly satisfied with Cato's letter, but will not 
 abandon his expectation of a triumph. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. M. CATOXI. 
 
 *Laetus sum laudari me' inquit Hector, opinor apud 
 Naevium, 'abs te, pater, a laudato viro;' ea est enim pro- 
 fecto iucunda laus, quae ab iis proficiscitur, qui ipsi in laude 
 vixerunt. Ego vero vel gratulatione litterarum tuarum vel 
 
 5 testimoniis sententiae dictae nihil est quod me non adsecu- 
 tum putem ; idque mihi cum amplissimum, tum gratissimum 
 est, te libenter amicitiae dedisse, quod liquido veritati dares. 
 Et, si non modo omnes, verum etiam multi Catones essent 
 in civitate nostra, in qua unum exstitisse mirabile est, quem 
 
 10 ego currum aut quam lauream cum tua laudatione confer- 
 rem ? nam ad meum sensum et ad illud sincerum ac subtile 
 iudicium nihil potest esse laudabilius quam ea tua oratio, 
 quae est ad me perscripta a meis necessariis. Sed causam 
 meae voluntatis, non enim dicam cupiditatis, exposui tibi 
 
 IS superioribus litteris, quae etiamsi parum iusta tibi visa est, 
 banc tamen habet rationem, non ut nimis concupiscendus 
 honos, sed tamen, si deferatur a senatu, minime aspernandus 
 esse videatur. Spero autem ilium ordinem pro meis ob rem 
 publicam susceptis laboribus me non indignum honore, usitato 
 
 20 praesertim, existimaturum. Quod si ita erit, tantum ex te 
 peto, quod amicissime scribis, ut, cum tuo iudicio, quod am- 
 plissimum esse arbitraris, mihi tribueris, si id, quod maluero, 
 accident, gaudeas : sic enim fecisse te et sensisse et scrip- 
 sisse video, resque ipsa declarat tibi ilium honorem nostrum 
 
 25 supplicationis iucundum fuisse, quod scribendo adfuisti ; 
 haec enim senatus consulta non ignoro ab amicissimis eius, 
 cuius honor agitur, scribi solere. Ego, ut spero, te prope- 
 diem videbo, atque utinam re publica meliore quam timeo !
 
 64 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 37. (FAM. 1 6. I.) 
 
 Cicero on his way home from his province writes assurances of the 
 tenderest affection to Tiro, whom he had been obliged to leave ill at 
 Patrae. 
 
 TULLIUS TIRONI SUO SAL. PLUR. DIC. ET CICERO MEUS 
 ET FRATER ET FRATRIS F. 
 
 Paulo facilius putavi posse me ferre desiderium tui, sed 
 plane non fero et, quamquam magni ad honorem nostrum 
 interest, quam primum ad urbem me venire, tamen peccasse 
 mihi videor, qui a te discesserim ; sed quia tua voluntas 
 ea videbatur esse, ut prorsus nisi confirmato corpore nolles 5 
 navigare, adprobavi tuum consilium, neque nunc muto, si 
 tu in eadem es sententia; sin autem postea, quam cibum 
 cepisti, videris tibi posse me consequi, tuum consilium est. 
 Marionem ad te eo misi, ut aut tecum ad me quam primum 
 veniret, aut, si tu morarere, statim ad me rediret. Tu autem 10 
 hoc tibi persuade, si commodo valetudinis tuae fieri possit, 
 nihil me malle quam te esse mecum; si autem intelleges 
 opus esse te Patris convalescendi causa paulum commorari, 
 nihil me malle quam te valere. Si statim navigas, nos 
 Leucade consequere ; sin te confirmare vis, et comites et 15 
 tempestates et navem idoneam ut habeas, diligenter videbis. 
 Unum illud, mi Tiro, videto, si me amas, ne te Marionis 
 adventus et hae litterae moveant : quod valetudini tuae 
 maxime conducet, si feceris, maxime obtemperaris voluntati 
 meae. Haec pro tuo. ingenio considera. Nos ita te deside- 20 
 ramus, ut amemus ; amor, ut valentem videamus, hortatur ; 
 desiderium, ut quam primum : illud igitur potius. Cura 
 ergo potissimum, ut valeas ; de tuis innumerabilibus in me 
 officiis erit hoc gratissimum. in. Non. Nov.
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 65 
 
 38. (FAM. 16. 9.) 
 
 Another letter of affectionate cautions to Tiro, with an account of 
 Cicero's own journey as far as Brundisium. 
 
 TULLIUS ET CICERO TIRONI SUO SAL. PLUR. DIC. 
 
 Nos a te, ut scis, discessimus a. d. iiii. Non, Nov. ; 
 Leucadem venimus a. d. viii. Id. Nov., a. d. vii. Actium ; 
 ibi propter tempestatem a. d. vi. Id. morati sumus. Inde 
 a. d. V. Id. Corcyram bellissime navigavimus. Corcyrae 
 
 5 fuimus usque ad a. d. xvi. K. Dec. tempestatibus retenti. 
 A. d. XV. K. in portum Corcyraeorum ad Cassiopen stadia 
 cxx. processimus; ibi retenti ventis sumus usque ad a. d. 
 viui. K. Interea, qui cupide profecti sunt, multi nau- 
 fragia fecerunt. Nos eo die cenati solvimus : inde austro 
 
 10 lenissimo, caelo sereno, nocte ilia et die postero in Italiam ad 
 Hydruntem ludibundi pervenimus, eodemque vento postridie 
 — id erat a. d. vii. K. Dec. — hora mi. Brundisium venimus, 
 eodemque tempore simul nobiscum in oppidum introiit 
 Terentia, quae te facit plurimi. A. d. v. K. Dec. servus Cn. 
 
 15 Plancii Brandisii tandem aliquando mihi a te exspectatissimas 
 litteras reddidit, datas Idibus Nov., quae me molestia valde 
 levarunt, utinam omnino liberassent! sed tamen Asclapo 
 medicus plane confirmat propediem te valentem fore. Nunc 
 quid ego te horter, ut omnem diligentiam adhibeas ad 
 
 20 convalescendum ? Tuam prudentiam, temperantiam, amorem 
 erga me novi ; scio te omnia facturum, ut nobiscum quam 
 primum sis; sed tamen ita velim, ut ne quid properes. 
 Symphoniam Lysonis vellem vitasses, ne in quartam heb- 
 domada incideres ; sed, quoniam pudori tuo maluisti obsequi 
 
 25 quam valetudini, r'eliqua cura. Curio misi, ut medico honos 
 haberetur et tibi daret quod opus esset; me, cui iussisset, 
 curaturum. Equum et mulum Brundisii tibi reliqui. Romae 
 vereor ne ex K. Ian. magni tumultus sint. Nos agemus omnia 
 
 F
 
 66 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 modice. Reliquum est, ut te hoc rogem et a te petam, ne 
 temere naviges — solent nautae festinare quaestus sui causa 30 
 — , cautus sis, mi Tiro — mare magnum et difficile tibi 
 restat — , si poteris, cum Mescinio — caute is solet navi- 
 gare — , si minus, cum honesto aliquo homine, cuius auc- 
 toritate navicularius moveatur. In hoc omnem diligentiam 
 si adhibueris teque nobis incolumem stiteris, omnia a te 35 
 habebo. Etiam atque etiam, noster Tiro, vale. Medico, 
 Curio, Lysoni de te scripsi diligentissime. Vale, salve. 
 
 39. (ATT. 7. 2.) 
 
 Cicevo expresses his anxiety about the health of Atticus and Tiro ; 
 is bent upon the grant of a triumph, if Bibulus is to have one; and 
 is much provoked with what he hears of his freedman Chrysippus. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Brundisium venimus vii. Kalend. Decembr. usi tua 
 felicitate navigandi ; ita belle nobis 
 
 Flavit ab Epiro lenissumus Onchesmites. 
 Hunc (TTTovSeid^ovTa si cui voles T(ov vewTepcov pro tuo vcndito. 
 Valetudo tua me valde conturbat ; significant enim tuae 5 
 litterae te prorsus laborare. Ego autem, cum sciam, quam 
 sis fortis, vehementius esse quiddam suspicor, quod te cogat 
 cedere et propemodum infringat, etsi alteram quartanam 
 Pamphilus tuus mihi dixit decessisse et alteram leviorem 
 accedere; Terentia vero, quae quidem eodem tempore 10 
 ad portam Brundisinam venit, quo ego in portum, mihique 
 obvia in foro fuit, L. Pontium sibi in Trebulano dixisse 
 narrabat etiam eam decessisse. Quod si ita est, es/ quod 
 maxume mehercule opto, idque spero tua prudentia et 
 temperantia te consecutum. Venio ad epistolas tuas, quas 15 
 ego sescentas uno tempore accepi, aliam alia iucundiorem, 
 quae quidem erant tua manu : nam Alexidis manum amabam, 
 quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae,
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 6/ 
 
 non amabam, quod indicabat te non valere. Cuius quoniam 
 
 20 mentio facta est, Tironem Patris aegrum reliqui, adules- 
 centem, ut nosti, et adde, si quid vis, probum; nihil vidi 
 melius ; itaque careo aegre. Quamquam videbatur se non 
 graviter habere, tamen sum soUicitus maxumamque spem 
 habeo in M'. Curii diligentia, de qua ad me scripsit Tiro et 
 
 2.5 multi nuntiarunt; Curius autem ipse sensit, quam tu velles se 
 a me diligi, et eo sum admodum delectatus. Et mehercule 
 est, quam facile diligas, avroxOav in homine urbanitas. 
 Eius testamentum deporto Ciceronum signis obsignatum 
 cohortisque praetoriae; fecit palam te ex libella, me ex 
 
 30 teruncio. In Actio Corcyrae Alexio me opipare mune- 
 ratus est. Q. Ciceroni obsisti non potuit, quo minus 
 Thyamim videret. Filiola tua te delectari laetor et pro- 
 bari tibi cf^vcnKfjv esse tt]v npbs to. reKva. Etenim, si haec 
 non est, nulla potest homini esse ad hominem naturae 
 
 35 adiunctio, qua sublata vitae societas tollitur. Redeo ad rem. 
 Quo modo exspectabam epistolam, quam Philoxeno de- 
 disses ! scripseras enim in ea esse de sermone Pompeii 
 Neapolitano: eam mihi Patron Brundisii reddidit; Corcyrae, 
 ut opinor, acceperat. Nihil potuit esse iucundius; erat 
 
 40 enim de re publica, de opinione, quam is vir haberet 
 integritatis meae, de benevolentia, quam ostendit eo sermone, 
 quern habuit de triumpho. Sed tamen hoc iucundissimum, 
 quod intellexi te ad eum venisse, ut eius animum erga me 
 perspiceres : hoc mihi, inquam, accidit iucundissimum. De 
 
 45 triumpho autem nulla me cupiditas umquam tenuit ante 
 Bibuli impudentissimas litteras, quas amplissume supplicatio 
 consecuta est : a quo si ea gesta essent, quae scripsit, gau- 
 derem et honori faverem ; nunc ilium, qui pedem porta, 
 quoad hostis cis Euphratem fuit, non extulerit, honore 
 
 50 augeri, me, in cuius exercitu spem illius exercitus habuit, 
 idem non adsequi dedecus est nostrum, nostrum, inquam, 
 te coniungens. Itaque omnia experiar et, ut spero, adse- 
 
 F 2
 
 68 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 quar. Quod si tu valeres, iam mihi quaedam explorata 
 essent; sed, ut spero, valebis. De raudusculo Numeriano 
 multum te amo. Hortensius quid egerit, aveo scire, Cato 55 
 quid agat; qui quidem in me turpiter fuit malevolus : dedit 
 integritatis, iustitiae, clementiae, fidei mihi testimonium, 
 quod non quaerebam; quod postulabam, negavit. Itaque 
 Caesar iis litteris, quibus mihi gratulatur et omnia pollicetur, 
 quo modo exsultat Catonis in me ingratissimi iniuria ! At hie 60 
 idem Bibulo dierum xx. Ignosce mihi: non possum haec 
 ferre nee feram. Cupio ad omnes tuas epistolas, sed nihil 
 necesse est ; iam enim te videbo. Illud tamen de Chrysippo 
 — nam de altero illo minus sum admiratus, operario homine ; 
 sed tamen ne illo quidem quicquam improbius — Chrysippum 65 
 vero, quem ego propter litterularum nescio quid lubenter 
 vidi, in honore habui, discedere a puero insciente me ! ]\Iitto 
 alia, quae audio, multa, mitto furta : fugam non fero, qua 
 mihi nihil visum est sceleratius. Itaque usurpavi vetus 
 illud Drusi, ut ferunt, praetoris in eo, qui eadem liber non 70 
 iuraret, me istos liberos non addixisse, praesertim cum 
 adesset nemo, a quo recte vindicarentur. Id tu, ut vide- 
 bitur, ita accipies : ego tibi adsentiar. Uni tuae diser- 
 tissumae epistolae non rescripsi, in qua est de periculis 
 rei publicae : quid rescriberem? valde eram perturbatus 3 75 
 sed, ut nihil magno opere metuam, Parthi faciunt, qui 
 repente Bibulum semivivum reliquerunt. 
 
 40. (FAM. 16. II.) 
 
 Cicero in an affectionate letter informs Tiro of his arrival at Rome, 
 where he has found the 'flame of civil war' now kindled, and the charge 
 of Campania allotted to himself. 
 
 TULLIUS ET CICERO, TERENTIA, TULLIA, Q. Q. TIRONI 
 SAL. PLURIMAM DIG. 
 
 Etsi opportunitatem operae tuae omnibus locis desi- 
 dero, tamen non tam mea quam tua causa doleo te non
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 69 
 
 valere ; sed quoniam in quartanam conversa vis est morbi 
 — sic enim scribit Curius — , spero te diligentia adhibita 
 
 5 iam firmiorem fore. Modo fac, id quod est humanitatis 
 tuae, ne quid aliud cures hoc tempore, nisi ut quam 
 commodissime convalescas. Non ignoro, quantum ex de- 
 siderio labores; sed erunt omnia facilia, si valebis. Festi- 
 nare te nolo, ne nauseae molestiam suscipias aeger et 
 
 10 periculose hieme naviges. Ego ad urbem accessi pr. Non. 
 Ian. Obviam mihi sic est proditum, ut nihil possit fieri 
 ornatius; sed incidi in ipsam flammam civilis discordiae 
 vel potius belli, cui cum cuperem mederi et, ut arbitror, 
 possem, cupiditates certorum hominum — nam ex utra- 
 
 15 que parte sunt qui pugnare cupiant — impedimento mihi 
 fuerunt. Omnino et ipse Caesar, amicus noster, minaces 
 ad senatum et acerbas litteras miserat, et erat adhuc in- 
 pudens, qui exercitum et provinciam invito senatu tene- 
 ret, et Curio meus ilium incitabat. Antonius quidem noster 
 
 20 et Q. Cassius, nulla vi expulsi, ad Caesarem cum Curione 
 profecti erant, postea quam senatus consulibus, praetoribus, 
 tribunis pi. et nobis, qui pro coss. sumus, negotium 
 dederat, ut curaremus, ne quid res publica detrimenti 
 caperet. Numquam maiore in periculo civitas fuit; num- 
 
 25 quam improbi cives habuerunt paratiorem ducem. Omnino 
 ex hac quoque parte diligentissime comparatur; id fit 
 auctoritate et studio Pompeii nostri, qui Caesarem sero 
 coepit timere. Nobis inter has turbas senatus tamen 
 frequens flagitavit triumphum; sed Lentulus consul, quo 
 
 30 maius suum beneficium faceret, simul atque expedisset, 
 quae essent necessaria de re publica, dixit se relaturum. 
 Nos agimus nihil cupide eoque est nostra pluris auctori- 
 tas. Italiae regiones discriptae sunt, quam quisque par- 
 tem tueretur : nos Capuam sumpsimus. Haec te scire 
 
 35 volui. Tu etiam atque etiam cura, ut valeas Utterasque
 
 JO A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 ad me mittas, quotienscumque habebis, cui des. Etiam 
 atque etiam vale. D. pr. Idus Ian. 
 
 41. (FAM. 14. 14.) 
 
 Cicero wishes his wife and family to consider whether it will be pru- 
 dent for them to run the risk of being besieged in Rome by Caesar. 
 
 TULLIUS TERENTIAE ET PATER TULLIAE, DUABUS 
 
 ANIMIS SUIS, ET CICERO MATRI OPTIMAE, 
 
 SUAVISSniAE SORORI S. P. D. 
 
 Si vos valetis, nos valemus. Vestrum iam consilium 
 est, non solum meum, quid sit vobis faciendum. Si ille 
 Romam modeste venturus est, recte in praesentia domi 
 esse potestis; sin homo amens diripiendam urbem datu- 
 rus est, vereor ut Dolabella ipse satis nobis prodesse 5 
 possit. Etiam illud metuo, ne iam intercludamur, ut, 
 cum velitis exire, non liceat. Reliquum est, quod ipsae 
 optime considerabitis, vestri similes feminae sintne Ro- 
 mae : si enim non sunt, videndum est, ut honeste vos 
 esse possitis. Quo modo quidem nunc se res habet, modo 10 
 ut haec nobis loca tenere liceat, bellissime vel mecum 
 vel in nostris praediis esse poteritis. Etiam illud veren- 
 dum est, ne brevi tempore fames in urbe sit. His de re- 
 bus velim cum Pomponio, cum Camillo, cum quibus vobis 
 videbitur, consideretis, ad summam animo forti sitis. La- 15 
 bienus rem meliorem fecit; adiuvat etiam Piso, quod ab 
 urbe discedit et sceleris condemnat generum suum. Vos, 
 meae carissimae animae, quam saepissime ad me scribite, 
 et vos quid agatis et quid istic agatur. Quintus pater et 
 filius et Rufus vobis s. d. Valete. viii. Kal. IMinturnis. 20
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 71 
 
 42. (ATT. 8. 4.) 
 
 Cicero complains of the ingratitude of Dionysius, his son's tutor, at this 
 time of trial, and betrays great anxiety about Caesar's advance. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Dionysius quidem tuus potius quam noster, cuius ego 
 cum satis cognossem mores, tuo tamen potius stabam 
 iudicio quam meo, ne tui quidem testimonii, quod ei saepe 
 apud me dederas, veritus, superbum se praebuit in fortuna, 
 
 5 quam putavit nostram fore ; cuius fortunae nos, quantum 
 humano consilio efEci poterit, motum ratione quadam 
 gubernabimus. Cui qui noster honos, quod obsequium, 
 quae etiam ad ceteros contempti cuiusdam hominis com- 
 mendatio defuit? ut meum iudicium reprehendi a Quinto 
 
 10 fratre volgoque ab omnibus mallem quam ilium non efferre 
 laudibus, Ciceronesque nostros meo potius labore subdoceri 
 quam me alium iis magistrum quaerere. Ad quem ego 
 quas litteras, dei immortales, miseram ! quantum honoris 
 significantes ! quantum amoris ! Dicaearchum mehercule 
 
 15 aut Aristoxenum diceres arcessi, non hominem omnium 
 loquacissimum et minime aptum ad docendum. ' Sed est 
 memoria bona.' Me dicet esse meliore. Quibus litteris ita 
 respondit, ut ego nemini, cuius causam non reciperem ; 
 semper enim ' si potero, si ante suscepta causa non impediar;' 
 
 20 numquam reo cuiquam tam humili, tam sordido, tam nocenti, 
 tam alieno tam praecise negavi quam hie mihi plane nulla 
 exceptione praecidit. Nihil cognovi ingratius, in quo vitio 
 nihil mali non inest. Sed de hoc nimis multa. Ego 
 navem paravi; tuas litteras tamen exspecto, ut sciam, quid 
 
 25 respondeant consultationi meae. Sulmone C. Atium Pae- 
 lignum aperuisse Antonio portas, cum essent cohortes 
 quinque, Q. Lucretium inde effugisse scis, Gnaeum ire 
 Brundisium, f desertum. Confecta res est
 
 73 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 43. (ATT. 8. 5.) 
 
 Dionysius has repented, and Atticus is to return to Cicero the letter of 
 reproof which had been entrusted to him. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Cum ante lucem viii. Kal. ad te litteras dedissem, vesperi 
 ad nos eodem die venit ipse Dionysius, auctoritate lua 
 permotus, ut suspicor; quid enim putem aliud? etsi solet 
 eum, cum aliquid furiose fecit, paenitere. Numquam 
 autem cerritior fuit quam in hoc negotio : nam, quod ad te 5 
 non scripseram, postea audivi a tertio miliario turn eum isse 
 
 TToXka fidTrjv Kepaeaaiv es rjipa dviirjvavTa' 
 
 multa, inquam, mala eum dixisse, suo capiti, ut aiunt. 
 Sed meam mansuetudinem ! conieceram in fasciculum 
 una cum tua vehementem ad ilium epistolam : banc ad 10 
 me referri volo, nee ullam ob aliam causam Pollicem, servum 
 a pedibus meum, Romam misi ; eo autem ad te scripsi, ut, 
 si tibi forte reddita esset, mihi curares referendam, ne in 
 illius manus perveniret. Novi si quid esset, scripsissem. 
 Pendeo animi exspectatione Corfiniensi, in qua de salute rei 15 
 publicae decernitur. Tu fasciculum, qui est IM'. Cvrio 
 inscriptus, velim cures ad eum perferendum, Tironemque 
 Curio commendes, ut et, ut petii, si quid opus erit in sump- 
 tum, eroget. 
 
 44. (ATT. 8. 13.) 
 
 Cicero observes that the apathy of the Italians is changing into positive 
 attachment to Caesar. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Lippitudinis meae signum tibi sit librarii manus et eadem 
 causa brevitatis, etsi nunc quidem quod scriberem nihil 
 erat: omnis exspectatio nostra erat in nuntiis Brundisinis. 
 Si nactus hie esset Gnaeum nostrum, spes dubia pacis, sin 
 ille ante tramisisset, exitiosi belli metus. Sed videsne, in 5
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 73 
 
 quern hominem incident res publica? quam acutum, quam 
 vigilantem, quam paratum ? Si mehercule neminem occiderit 
 nee cuiquam quicquam ademerit, ab iis, qui eum maxime 
 timuerant, maxime diligetur. Multum mecum municipales 
 
 lo homines loquuntur, multum rusticani : nihil prorsus aliud 
 curant nisi agros, nisi villulas, nisi nummulos suos. Et vide, 
 quam conversa res sit: ilium, quo antea confidebant, 
 metuunt, hunc amant, quern timebant. Id quantis nostris 
 peccatis vitiisque evenerit, non possum sine molestia cogitare. 
 
 5 Quae autem impendere putarem, scripseram ad te, et iam 
 tuas litteras exspectabam. 
 
 45. (ATT. II. 2.) 
 
 Cicero, though informed of a legacy, is full of anxiety about his 
 affairs, especially about Tullia's dowry, and his house in Rome. He 
 begs Atticus to do all he can to help him. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Litteras tuas accepi pr. Non. Febr. eoque ipso die ex 
 testamento crevi hereditatem: ex multis meis miserrimis 
 curis est una levata, si, ut scribis, ista hereditas fidem et 
 famam meam tueri potest, quam quidem te intellego etiam 
 
 5 sine hereditate tuis opibus defensurum fuisse. De dote 
 
 quod scribis, per omnes deos te obtestor, ut totam rem 
 
 suscipias, et illam miseram mea culpa et neglegentia tueare 
 
 ■ meis opibus, si quae sunt, tuis, quibus tibi molestum non 
 
 erit, facultatibus; cui quidem deesse omnia, quod scribis, 
 
 lo obsecro te, noli pati. In quos enim sumptus abeunt 
 fructus praediorum? Iam ilia HS. lx., quae scribis, nemo 
 mihi umquam dixit ex dote esse detracta; numquam enim 
 essem passus. Sed haec minima est ex iis iniuriis, quas 
 accepi; de quibus ad te dolore et lacrimis scribere prohibeor. 
 
 15 Ex ea pecunia, quae fuit in Asia, partem dimidiam fere 
 exegi: tutius videbatur fore ibi, ubi est, quam apud pub-
 
 74 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 licanos. Quod me hortaris, ut firmo sim animo, vellem 
 posses aliquid adferre, quam ob rem id facere possem. 
 Sed si ad ceteras miserias accessit etiam id, quod mihi 
 Chrysippus dixit parari — tu nihil significasti — de domo, 20 
 quis me miserior uno iam fuit ? Oro, obsecro, ignosce : non 
 possum plura scribere. Quanto maerore urgear, profecto 
 vides. Quod si mihi commune cum ceteris esset, qui 
 videntur in eadem causa esse, minor mea culpa videretur et 
 eo tolerabilior esset ; nunc nihil est, quod consoletur, nisi 25 
 quid tu efficis, si modo etiam nunc effici potest, ut ne qua 
 singulari adficiar calamitate et iniuria. Tardius ad te 
 remisi tabellarium, quod potestas mittendi non fuit. A tuis 
 et nummorum accepi HS. lxx. et vestimentorum quod opus 
 fuit. Quibus tibi videbitur velim des litteras meo nomine 30 
 — nosti meos familiares — ; si signum requirent aut manum, 
 dices me propter custodias ea vitasse. 
 
 46. (FAM. 9. I.) 
 
 Cicero means to find consolation for the loss of the Republic in literature 
 and literary society. 
 
 CICERO [m.] VARRONI SAL. 
 
 Ex iis litteris, quas Atticus a te missas mihi legit, quid 
 ageres et ubi esses, cognovi ; quando autem te visuri 
 essemus, nihil sane ex isdem litteris potui suspicari. In 
 spem tamen venio adpropinquare tuum adventum : qui 
 mihi utinam solacio sit ! etsi tot tantisque rebus urge- 5 
 mur, nullam ut levationem quisquam non stultissimus sperare 
 debeat; sed tamen aut tu potes me aut ego te fortasse 
 aliqua re iuvare. Scito enim me, postea quam in urbem 
 venerim, redisse cum veteribus amicis, id est cum libris 
 nostris, in gratiam: etsi non idcirco eorum usum dimiseram, 10 
 quod iis suscenserem, sed quod eorum me subpudebat: 
 videbar enim mihi, cum me in res turbulentissimas infi-
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 75 
 
 delissimis sociis demisissem, praeceptis illorum non satis 
 paruisse. Ignoscunt mihi, revocant in consuetudinem pristi- 
 
 15 nam teque, quod in ea permanseris, sapientiorem quam me 
 dicunt fuisse. Quam ob rem, quoniam placatis iis utor, 
 videor sperare debere, si te viderim, et ea, quae premant, 
 et ea, quae inpendeant, me facile transiturum. Quam ob 
 rem sive in Tusculano sive in Cumano ad te placebit sive, 
 
 20 quod minime velim, Romae, dum modo simul simus, per- 
 ficiam profecto ut id utrique nostrum commodissimum esse 
 iudicetur. 
 
 47. (FAM. 9. 20.) 
 
 Cicero has been driven by the state of public affairs to a life which is 
 practically Epicurean. 
 
 CICERO PAETO. 
 
 Dupliciter delectatus sum tuis litteris, et quod ipse risi 
 et quod te intellexi iam posse ridere; me autem a te, ut 
 scurram velitem, malis oneratum esse, non moleste tuli: 
 illud doleo, in ista loca venire me, ut constitueram, non 
 
 5 potuisse ; habuisses enim non hospitem, sed contubernalem. 
 At quern virum ! non eum, quem tu es solitus promulside 
 conficere : integram famem ad ovum adfero ; itaque usque 
 ad assum vitulinum opera perducitur. Ilia mea, quae solebas 
 antea laudare, 'o hominem facilem ! o hospitem non gravem!' 
 
 10 abierunt. Nam omnem nostram de re publica curam, 
 cogitationem de dicenda in senatu sententia, commentationem 
 causarum abiecimus, in Epicuri nos adversarii nostri castra 
 coiecimus; nee tamen ad banc insolentiam, sed ad illam 
 tuam lautitiam, veterem dico, cum in sumptum habebas, 
 
 15 etsi nunquam plura praedia habuisti. Proinde te para: 
 cum homine et edaci tibi res et qui iam aliquid intellegat ; 
 6y]fi.fia6e'is autem homines scis quam insolentes sint : dedis- 
 cendae tibi sunt sportellae et artolagani tui, Nos iam 
 artis tantum habemus, ut Verrium tuum et Camillum — qua
 
 •J 6 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 munditia homines! qua elegantia! — vocare saepius au- 20 
 deamus. Sed vide audaciam : etiam Hirtio cenam dedi, 
 sine pavone tamen; in ea cena cocus mens praeter ius 
 fervens nihil non potuit imitari. Haec igitur est nunc 
 vita nostra : mane salutamus domi et bonos viros mul- 
 tos, sed tristes, et hos laetos victores, qui me quidem 25 
 perofficiose et peramanter observant: ubi salutatio defluxit, 
 litteris me involvo, aut scribo aut lego ; veniunt etiam qui 
 me audiunt quasi doctum hominem, quia paulo sum quam 
 ipsi doctior. Inde corpori omne tempus datur. Patriam 
 eluxi iam et gravius et diutius quam ulla mater unicum 30 
 filium. Sed cura, si me amas, ut valeas, ne ego te iacente 
 bona tua comedim; statui enim tibi ne aegroto quidem 
 parcere. 
 
 48. (FAM. 7. 28.) 
 
 Cicero congratulates Curius on having attained in Greece that retire- 
 ment from public affairs, which he himself finds in his library. 
 
 [m.] CICERO S. D. CURIO. 
 
 Memini, cum mihi desipere videbare, quod cum istis 
 potius viveres quam nobiscum; erat enim multo domici- 
 lium huius urbis, cum quidem haec urbs, aptius huma- 
 nitati et suavitati tuae quam tota Peloponnesus, nedum 
 Patrae : nunc contra et vidisse mihi multum videris, cum 5 
 prope desperatis his rebus te in Graeciam contulisti, et 
 hoc tempore non solum sapiens, qui hinc absis, sed etiam 
 beatus. Quamquam quis, qui aliquid sapiat, nunc esse 
 beatus potest? Sed, quod tu, cui licebat, pedibus es con- 
 secutus, ut ibi esses, 'ubi nee Pelopidarum' — nosti cetera—, 10 
 nos idem prope modum consequimur alia ratione : cum 
 enim salutationi nos dedimus amicorum, quae fit hoc 
 etiam frequentius quam solebat, quod quasi avem albam 
 videntur bene sentientem civem videre, abdo me in biblio- 
 thecam. Itaque opera efficio tanta, quanta fortasse tu 15
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 77 
 
 senties; intellexi enim ex tuo sermone quodam, cum 
 meam maestitiam et desperationem accusares domi tuae, 
 discere te ex meis libris animum meum desiderare. Sed 
 mehercule et turn rem publicam lugebam, quae non solum 
 
 20 stit's e'rga me, sed etiam meis erga se beneficiis erat mihi 
 Vila carior, et hoc tempore, quamquam me non ratio solum 
 consolatur, quae plurimum debet valere, sed etiam dies, 
 quae stultis quoque mederi solet, tamen doleo ita rem 
 communem esse dilapsam, ut ne spes quidem melius ali- 
 
 25 quando fore relinquatur. Nee vero nunc quidem culpa in 
 eo est, in cuius potestate omnia sunt — nisi forte id ipsum 
 esse non debuit — , sed alia casu, alia etiam nostra culpa 
 sic acciderunt, ut de praeteritis non sit querendum. Reli- 
 quam spem nullam video ; qua re ad prima redeo : 
 
 30 sapienter haec reliquisti, si consilio; feliciter, si casu. 
 
 49. (FAM. 13. 28.) 
 
 Cicero commends the Lacedaemonians to the special care of Sulpicius. 
 
 CICERO SERVIO SAL. 
 
 Nec Lacedaemonios dubitare arbitror quin ipsi sua 
 maiorumque suorum auctoritate satis commendati sint fidei 
 et iustitiae tuae, et ego, qui te optime novissem, non dubi- 
 tavi quin tibi notissima et iura et merita populorum essent. 
 5 Itaque cum a me peteret Philippus Lacedaemonius, ut tibi 
 civitatem commendarem, etsi memineram me ei civitati 
 omnia debere, tamen respondi commendatione Lacedae- 
 monios apud te non egere. Itaque sic velim existimes, me 
 omnes Achaiae civitates arbitrari pro horum temporum 
 10 perturbatione felices, quod iis tu praesis, eundemque me ita 
 iudicare, te, quod unus optime nosses non nostra solum, 
 sed etiam Graeciae monumenta omnia, tua sponte amicum 
 Lacedaemoniis et esse et fore. Qua re tantum a te peto, 
 ut, cum ea facies Lacedaemoniorum causa, quae tua fides,
 
 78 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 amplitudo, iustitia postulat, ut iis, si tibi videbitur, significes 15 
 te non moleste ferre, quod intellegas ea, quae facias, mihi 
 quoque grata esse; pertinet enim ad officium meum eos 
 existimare curae mihi suas res esse: hoc te vehementer 
 etiam atque etiam rogo. 
 
 50. (FAM. 6. 12.) 
 
 Cicero writes with real pleasure to congratulate Ampius on his 
 recall from exile obtained from Caesar by friends of Cicero in spite of 
 an opposition, which still delays the publication of the fact. 
 
 CICERO AMPIO SAL. PLUR. 
 
 Gratulor tibi, mi Balbe, vereque gratulor nee sum tarn 
 stultus, ut te usura falsi gaudii frui vehm, deinde frangi 
 repente atque ita cadere, ut nulla res te ad aequitatem 
 animi possit postea extollere. Egi tuam causam apertius, 
 quam mea tempora ferebant ; vincebatur enim fortuna ipsa 5 
 debilitatae gratiae nostrae tui caritate et meo perpetuo 
 erga te amore culto a te diligentissime. Omnia promissa 
 confirmata, certa et rata sunt, quae ad reditum et ad salutem 
 tuam pertinent. Vidi, cognovi, interfui. Etenim omnes 
 Caesaris famiUares satis opportune habeo inplicatos con- 10 
 suetudine et benevolentia sic, ut, cum ab illo discesserint, me 
 habeant proximum. Hoc Pansa, Hirtius, Balbus, Oppius, 
 Matius, Postumius plane ita faciunt, ut me unice diligant. 
 Quod si mihi per me efficiundum fuisset, non me paeniteret 
 pro ratione temporum ita esse molitum; sed nihil est a me 15 
 inservitum temporis causa; veteres mihi necessitudines cum 
 his omnibus intercedunt, quibuscum ego agere de te non 
 destiti. Principem tamen habuimus Pansam, tui studio- 
 sissimum, mei cupidum, qui valeret apud ilium non mi- 
 nus auctoritate quam gratia; Cimber autem Tillius mihi 20 
 plane satis fecit. Valent tamen apud Caesarem non tarn 
 ambitiosae rogationes quam necessariae; quas quia Cim- 
 ber habebat, plus valuit, quam pro ullo alio valere po-
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 79 
 
 tuisset. Diploma statim non est datum, quod mirifica est 
 
 25 inprobitas in quibusdam, qui tulissent acerbius veniam 
 tibi dari, quern illi appellant tubam belli civilis, multaque 
 ita dicunt, quasi non gaudeant id bellum incidisse. Qua 
 re visum est occultius agendum neque uUo mode divol- 
 gandum de te iam esse perfectum ; sed id erit perbrevi, 
 
 30 nee dubito quin legente te has litteras confecta iam res 
 futura sit. Pansa quidem mihi, gravis homo et certus, 
 non solum confirmavit, verum etiam recepit perceleriter 
 se ablaturum diploma. Mihi tamen placuit haec ad te 
 perscribi; minus enim te firmum sermo Eppuleiae tuae 
 
 35 lacrimaeque Ampiae declarabant, quam significant tuae 
 litterae; atque illae arbitrabantur, quoniam a te abessent 
 ipsae, multo in graviore te cura futurum. Qua re rnagno 
 opere e re putavi angoris et doloris tui levandi causa pro 
 certis ad te ea, quae essent certa, perscribi. Scis me 
 
 40 antea sic solitum esse scribere ad te, magis ut consolarer 
 fortem virum atque sapientem, quam ut exploratam spem 
 salutis ostenderem, nisi eam, quam ab ipsa re publica, 
 cum hie ardor restinctus esset, sperari oportere censerem. 
 Recordare tuas litteras, quibus et magnum animum mihi 
 
 45 semper ostendisti et ad omnes casus ferendos constantem 
 ac paratum; quod ego non mirabar, cum recordarer te 
 et a primis temporibus aetatis in re publica esse versatum 
 et tuos magistratus in ipsa discrimina incidisse salutis 
 fortunarumque communium et in hoc ipsum bellum esse 
 
 50 ingressum, non solum, ut victor beatus, sed etiam ut, si 
 ita accidisset, victus sapiens esses. Deinde, cum studium 
 tuum consumas in virorum fortium factis memoriae pro- 
 dendis, considerare debes nihil tibi esse committendum, 
 quam ob rem eorum, quos laudas, te non simillimum 
 
 55 praebeas. Sed haec oratio magis esset apta ad ilia tem- 
 pora, quae iam effugisti; nunc vero tantum te para ad 
 haec nobiscum ferenda, quibus ego si quam medicinam
 
 8o A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 invenirem, tibi quoque eandem traderem. Sed est unum 
 perfugium doctrina ac litterae, quibus semper usi sumus; 
 quae secundis rebus delectationem modo habere videbantur, 60 
 nunc vero etiam salutem. Sed, ut ad initium revertar, cave 
 dubites quin omnia de salute ac reditu tuo perfecta sint. 
 
 51. (ATT. 12. II.) 
 
 Cicero replies to the announcement by Atticus of the death of Seius, and 
 to his inquiries about Cicero's intentions of marrying again. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Male de Seio; sed omnia humana tolerabilia ducenda. 
 Ipsi enim quid sumus? aut quam diu haec curaturi su- 
 mus? ea videamus, quae ad nos magis pertinent, nee 
 tamen multo: quid agamus de senatu. Et, ut ne quid 
 praetermittam, Caesonius ad me litteras misit, Postumiam 5 
 Sulpicii domum ad se venisse. De Pompeii Magni filia 
 tibi rescripsi nihil me hoc tempore cogitare; alteram vero 
 illam, quam tu scribis, puto nosti: nihil vidi foedius. Sed 
 adsum; coram igitur. 
 
 Obsignata epistola accept tuas. Atticae hilaritatem 10 
 libenter audio ; commotiunculis a-vixTrdcrxo. 
 
 52. (FAM. 9. 10.) 
 
 Cicero fills up a letter to Dolabella with gentle and bitter raillery at the 
 expense of Nicias, a scholar, and Publius Sulla, lately dead. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. P. DOLABELLAE. 
 
 Non sum ausus Salvio nostro nihil ad te litterarum dare ; 
 nee mehercule habebam, quid scriberem, nisi te a me 
 mirabiliter amari; de quo etiam nihil scribente me te non 
 dubitare certo scio. Omnino mihi magis litterae sunt 
 exspectandae a te quam a me tibi ; nihil enim Romae 5 
 geritur, quod te putem scire curare, nisi forte scire vis
 
 LETTERS OF HI. T. CICERO. 8t 
 
 me inter Niciam nostrum et Vidium iudicem esse. Pro- 
 fert alter, opinor, duobus versiculis expensum Niciae; alter 
 Aristarchus hos ojBeXiCei. Ego tamquam criticus antiquus 
 
 10 iudicaturus sum, Utrum sint rod ttoujtov an napefjL^elBXrjfiemi. 
 
 Puto /e nunc dicere : ' Oblitusne es igitur fungorum illorum, 
 quos apud Niciam? et ingentium squillarum cum sepia 
 Septimiae ?' Quid ergo ? tu adeo mihi excussam severitatem 
 veterem putas, ut ne in foro quideni reliquiae pristinae frontis 
 
 15 adpareant ? Sed tamen suavissimum avufSKorriv nostrum 
 praestabo integellum, nee committam ut, si ego eum con- 
 demnaro, tu restituas, ne habeat Bursa Plancus, apud quem 
 litteras discat. Sed quid ago ? cum mihi sit incertum, 
 tranquillone sis animo an ut in bello in aliqua maiuscula 
 
 •20 cura negotiove versere, labor longius : cum igitur mihi erit 
 exploratum te libenter esse risurum, scribam ad te pluribus. 
 Te tamen hoc scire volo, vehementer populum sollicitum 
 fuisse de P. Sullae morte, ante quam certum scierit; nunc 
 quaerere desierunt, quo modo perierit; satis putant se scire, 
 
 25 quod sciunt : ego ceteroqui animo aequo fero ; unum vereor, 
 ne hasta Caesaris refrixerit. 
 
 53. (FAM. 6. 18.) 
 
 Cicero answers Lepta's questions; can tell him little about the 
 younger Pompey ; is glad his ' Orator ' is approved ; and shows a kind 
 interest in Lepta's son. 
 
 CICERO LEPTAE. 
 
 Simul atque accepi a Seleuco tuo litteras, statim quaesivi 
 e Balbo per codicillos, quid esset in lege: rescripsit eos, 
 qui facerent praeconium, vetari esse in decurionibus, qui 
 fecissent, non vetari. Qua re bono animo sint et tui et mei 
 5 familiares ; neque enim erat ferendum, cum, qui hodie 
 haruspicinam facerent, in senatum Romae legerentur, eos,
 
 82 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 qui aliquando praeconium fecissent, in municipiis decuriones 
 esse non licere. De Hispaniis novi nihil : magnum tamen 
 exercitum Pompeium habere constat : nam Caesar ipse ad 
 suos misit exemplum Paciaeci litterarum, in quo erat, illas lo 
 XI esse legiones. Scripserat etiam Messalla Q. Salasso P. 
 Curtium fratrem eius iussu Pompeii inspectante exercitu 
 interfectum, quod consensisset cum Hispanis quibusdam, si 
 in oppidum nescio quod Pompeius rei frumentariae causa 
 venisset, eum conprehendere ad Caesaremque deducere. 15 
 De tuo negotio, quod sponsor es pro Pompeio, si Galba 
 consponsor tuus redierit, homo in re familiari non parum 
 diligens, non desinam cum illo communicare, si quid expediri 
 possit; quod videbatur mihi ille confidere. Oratorem meum 
 tanto opere a te probari vehementer gaudeo : mihi quidem 20 
 sic persuadeo, me, quicquid habuerim iudicii de dicendo, in 
 ilium librum contulisse. Qui si est talis, qualem tibi videri 
 scribis, ego quoque aliquid sum ; sin aliter, non recuso quin, 
 quantum de illo libro, tantundem de mei iudicii fama 
 detrahatur. Leptam nostrum cupio delectari iam talibus 25 
 scriptis ; etsi abest maturitas aetatis, tamen personare aures 
 eius huius modi vocibus non est inutile. Me Romae tenuit 
 omnino Tulliae meae partus. Sed cum ea, quem ad modum 
 spero, satis firma sit, teneor tamen, dum a Dolabellae 
 procuratoribus exigam primam pensionem, et mehercule 3° 
 non tam sum peregrinator iam, quam solebam: aedificia 
 mea me delectabant, et otium; domus est, quae nuUi 
 mearum villarum cedat, otium omni desertissima regione 
 maius. Itaque ne litterae quidem meae inpediuntur, in 
 quibus sine ulla interpellatione versor. Qua re, ut arbitror, 35 
 prius hie te nos quam istic tu nos videbis. Lepta suavissimus 
 ediscat Hesiodum et habeat in ore t^s 6' dperiis Idpara et 
 cetera.
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. Z$ 
 
 54. (FAM. 15. 16.) 
 
 Cicero wants Cassius to explain, by the theories of his Epicurean 
 philosophy, why he is always present in Cicero's thoughts ; and adds 
 some legal raillery on his desertion of the Stoic creed. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. C. CASSIO. 
 
 Puto te iam suppudere, cum haec tertia iam epistola 
 ante te oppresserit, quam tu scidam aut litteram. Sed 
 non urgeo; longiores enim exspectabo vel potius exigam. 
 Ego, si semper haberem, cui darem, vel ternas in hora 
 
 5 darem; fit enim nescio qui, ut quasi coram adesse videare, 
 cum scribo aliquid ad te, neque id kut flSaXcov (pavraaias, ut 
 dicunt tui amici novi, qui putant etiam diavoijriKas (j^avraaias 
 spectris Catianis excitari. Nam, ne te fugiat, Catius In- 
 suber, Epicureus, qui nuper est mortuus, quae ille Gar- 
 
 10 gettius et iam ante Democritus fiSwXa, hie spectra nominat 
 His autem spectris etiam si oculi possent feriri, t quod iis 
 vel ipsa accurrunt, animus qui possit, ego non video : doceas 
 tu me oportebit, cum salvus veneris, in meane potestate sit 
 spectrum tuum, ut, simul ac mihi conlibitum sit de te 
 
 15 cogitare, illud occurrat, neque solum de te, qui mihi haeres 
 in medullis, sed, si insulam Britanniam coepero cogitare, 
 eius fl'ScoXoi' mihi advolabit ad pectus ? Sed haec posterius ; 
 tempto enim te, quo animo accipias : si enim stomachabere 
 et moleste feres, plura dicemus postulabimusque, ex qua 
 
 20 alpeaei VI HOMiNiBvs ARMATis dcicctus sis, in Cam restituare. 
 In hoc interdicto non solet addi in hoc anno. Qua re si 
 iam biennium aut triennium est, cum virtuti nuntium remi- 
 sisti delenitus inlecebris voluptatis, in integro res nobis erit : 
 quamquam quicum loquor ? Cum uno fortissimo viro, qui, 
 
 25 postea quam forum attigisti, nihil fecisti nisi plenissimum 
 amplissimae dignitatis. In ista ipsa alpeaei metuo ne plus 
 
 G 2
 
 84 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 nervorum sit, quam ego putaram, si modo earn tu probas. 
 Qui id tibi in mentem venit ? inquies. Quia nihil habebam 
 aliud, quod scriberem: de re publica enim nihil scribere 
 possum; nee enim, quod sentio, libet scribere. 3° 
 
 55. (FAM. 6. 3.) 
 
 Cicero would like to send Torquatus some consolation, but can find 
 none which Torquatus has not already. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. A. TORQUATO. 
 
 Superioribus litteris benevolentia magis adductus, quam 
 quo res ita postularet, fui longior ; neque enim confirmatione 
 nostra egebat virtus tua neque erat ea mea causa atque 
 fortuna, ut, cui ipsi omnia deessent, alterum confirmarem. 
 Hoc item tempore brevior esse debeo : sive enim nihil tum 5 
 opus fuit tam multis verbis, nihilo magis nunc opus est; 
 sive tum opus fuit, illud satis est, praesertim cum accesserit 
 nihil novi. Nam etsi cotidie aliquid audimus earum rerum, 
 quas ad te perferri existimo, summa tamen eadem est et 
 idem exitus; quem ego tam video animo, quam ea, quae 10 
 oculis cernimus, nee vero quicquam video, quod non idem 
 te videre certo sciam. Nam etsi, quem exitum acies habi- 
 tura sit, divinare nemo potest, tamen et belli exitum video 
 et, si id minus, hoc quidem certe, cum sit necesse alterum 
 utrum vincere, qualis futura sit vel haec vel ilia victoria. Idque 1 5 
 cum optime perspexi, tale video, nihil ut mali videatur futurum, 
 si id [vel] ante accident, quod vel maximum ad timorem 
 proponitur: ita enim vivere, ut tum sit vivendum, miser- 
 rimum est; mori autem nemo sapiens miserum duxit, ne 
 beato quidem. Sed in ea es urbe, in qua haec vel plura et 20 
 ornatiora parietes ipsi loqui posse videantur. Ego tibi hoc 
 confirmo, etsi levis est consolatio ex miseriis aliorum, nihilo 
 te nunc maiore in discrimine esse quam quemvis aut eorum,
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 85 
 
 qui discesserint, au/ eorum, qui remanserint : alteri dimicant, 
 25 alteri victorem timent. Sed haec consolatio levis est ; ilia 
 gravior, qua te uti spero, ego certe utor : nee enim, dum ero, 
 angar uUa re, cum omni vacem culpa, et, si non ero, sensu 
 omnino carebo. Sed rursus yXaOK' ei? 'A^iji^ay, qui ad te haec. 
 Mihi tu, tui, tua omnia maximae curae sunt et, dum vivam, 
 30 erunt. Vale. 
 
 56. (ATT. 12. 14.) 
 
 Cicero is deteitnined not to go to Apuleius' banquet, and gives way to 
 the expression of deep despondency. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 De me excusando apud Appuleium dederam ad te pridie 
 litteras. Nihil esse negotii arbitror : quemcumque appellaris, 
 nemo negabit. Sed Septimium vide et Laenatem et 
 Statilium; tribus enim opus est. Sed mihi Laenas totum 
 5 receperat. Quod scribis a lunio te appellatum, omnino 
 Cornificius locuples est, sed tamen scire velim, quando dicar 
 spopondisse, et pro patre anne pro filio, neque eo minus, 
 ut scribis, procuratores Cornificii et Appuleium praediatorem 
 videbis. Quod me ab hoc maerore recreari vis, facis, ut 
 
 10 omnia, sed me mihi non defuisse tu testis es : nihil enim de 
 maerore minuendo scriptum ab ullo est, quod ego non domi 
 tuae legerim; sed omnem consolationem vincit dolor. 
 Quin etiam feci, quod profecto ante me nemo, ut ipse me 
 per litteras consolarer, quem librum ad te mittam, si 
 
 15 descripserint librarii: adfirmo tibi nullam consolationem 
 esse talem. Totos dies scribo, non quo proficiam quid, 
 sed tantisper impedior. Non equidem satis — vis enim 
 urget — , sed relaxor tamen omnique vi nitor, non ad 
 animum, sed ad voltum ipsum, si queam, reficiendum, idque 
 
 20 faciens interdum mihi peccare videor, interdum peccaturus 
 esse, nisi faciam. Solitudo aliquid adiuvat, sed multo plus
 
 85 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 proficeret, si tu tamen interesses, quae mihi una causa est 
 hinc discedendi ; nam pro malis recte habebat : quamquam 
 t'd ipsum doleo ; non enim iam in me idem esse poteris : 
 perierunt ilia, quae amabas. De Bruti ad me litteris scripsi 25 
 ad te antea : prudenter scriptae, sed nihil, quod me adiuvaret. 
 Quod ad te scripsit, id vellem, ut ipse adesset ; certe aliquid, 
 quoniam me tarn valde amat, adiuvaret. Quod si quid 
 scies, scribas ad me velim, maxime autem, Pansa quando. 
 De Attica doleo, credo tamen Cratero. Piliam angi veta; 30 
 satis est me maerere pro omnibus. 
 
 57. (ATT. 12. 32.) 
 
 Cicero wants to avoid seeing his mother-in-law and brother-in-law ; 
 and consults Atticus about a provision for the younger Cicero's expenses 
 at Athens. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Publilia ad me scripsit matrem — quasi cum Publilio 
 loqueretur — ad me cum illo venturam at se una, si ego 
 paterer; orat multis et supplicibus verbis, ut liceat et ut 
 sibi rescribam. Res quam molesta sit, vides. Rescripsi 
 mihi etiam gravius esse quam tum, cum illi dixissem me 5 
 solum esse velle, qua re nolle me hoc tempore cam ad me 
 venire: putabam, si nihil rescripsissem, illam cum matre 
 venturam, nunc non puto; apparebat enim illas litteras 
 non illius esse. Illud autem, quod fore video, ipsum volo 
 vitare, ne illae ad me veniant; et una est vitatio, ut ego 10 
 nolim: sed necesse est. Te hoc nunc rogo, ut explores, 
 ad quam diem hie ita possim esse, ut ne opprimar. Ages, 
 ut scribis, temperate. Ciceroni velim hoc proponas, ita 
 tamen, si tibi non iniquum videbitur, ut sumptus huius 
 peregrinationis, quibus, si Romae esset doro.umque con- 15 
 duceret, quod facere cogitabat, facile contentus futurus
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO, 8/ 
 
 erat, accommodet ad mercedes Argileti et Aventini, et 
 cum ei proposueris, ipse velim reliqua moderere, quern 
 ad modum ex iis mercedibus suppeditemus ei, quod opus 
 
 20 sit. Praestabo nee Bibulum nee Acidinum nee INIessallam, 
 quos Athenis futures audio, maiores sumptus facturos 
 quam quod ex els mereedibus recipietur; itaque velim 
 videas, primum, conductores qui sint et quanti, deinde, 
 ut sit qui ad diem solvat, et quid viatiei, quid instrumenti 
 
 35 satis sit. lumento certe Athenis nihil opus est ; quibus 
 autem in via utatur, domi sunt plura quam opus erat, quod 
 etiam tu animadvertis. 
 
 58. (FAM. 4. 5.) 
 
 Sulpicius consoles Cicero for the loss of his daughter TuUia. 
 
 SERVIUS CICERONI S. 
 
 Postea quam mihi renuntiatum est de obitu Tulliae, filiae 
 tuae, sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli 
 communemque earn calamitatem existimavi, qui, si istic 
 adfuissem, neque tibi defuissem coramque meum dolorem 
 
 5 tibi declarassem. Etsi genus hoc consolationis miserum 
 atque acerbum est, propterea quia, per quos ea confieri 
 debet [propinquos ac familiares], ii ipsi pari molestia 
 adficiuntur neque sine lacrimis multis id conari possunt, 
 uti magis ipsi videantur aliorum consolatione indigere quam 
 
 10 aliis posse suum officium praestare, tamen quae in praesentia 
 in mentem mihi venerunt, decrevi brevi ad te perscribere, 
 non quo ea te fugere existimem, sed quod forsitan dolore 
 impeditus minus ea perspicias. Quid est quod tanto opere 
 te commoveat tuus dolor intestinus ? cogita, quem ad modum 
 
 15 adhuc fortuna nobiscum egerit : ea nobis erepta esse, quae 
 hominibus non minus quam liberi cara esse debent, patriam, 
 honestatem, dignitatem, honores omnes. Hoc uno incom-
 
 88 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 modo addito quid ad dolorem adiungi potuit ? aut qui non 
 in illis rebus exercitatus animus callere iam debet atque 
 omnia minoris existimare ? An illius vicem, credo, doles ? 20 
 Quotiens in earn cogitationem necesse est et tu veneris et 
 nos saepe incidimus, hisce temporibus non pessmie cum 
 iis esse actum, quibus sine dolore licitum est mortem cum 
 vita commutare ? Quid autem fuit quod illam hoc tempore 
 ad \ivendum magno opere invitare posset ? quae res ? quae 25 
 spes? quod animi solacium? Ut cum aliquo adulescente 
 primario coniuncta aetatem gereret ? Licitum est tibi, credo, 
 pro tua dignitate ex hac iuventute generum deligere, cuius 
 fidei liberos tuos te tuto committere putares! An ut ea 
 liberos ex sese pareret, quos cum florentes videret laetaretur ? 30 
 qui rem a parente traditam per se tenere possent ? honores 
 ordinatim petituri essent? in re publica, in amicorum 
 negotiis libertate sua usuri? quid horum fuit quod non 
 prius quam datum est ademptum sit ? ' At vero malum est 
 liberos amittere/ Malum : nisi hoc peius est, haec sufferre 35 
 et perpeti. Quae res mihi non mediocrem consolationem 
 attulerit, volo tibi commemorare, si forte eadem res tibi 
 dolorem minuere possit. Ex Asia rediens, cum ab Aegina 
 Megaram versus navigarem, coepi regiones circumcirca 
 prospicere : post me erat Aegina, ante me Megara, dextra 40 
 Piraeus, sinistra Corinthus ; quae oppida quodam tempore 
 florentissima fuerunt, nunc prostrata et diruta ante oculos 
 iacent. Coepi egomet mecum sic cogitare : ' Hem ! nos 
 homunculi indignamur, si quis nostrum interiit aut occi- 
 sus est, quorum vita brevior esse debet, cum uno loco 45 
 tot oppidum cadavera proiecta iacent? Visne tu te, Servi, 
 cohibere et meminisse hominem te esse natum ?' Crede 
 mihi, cogitatione ea non mediocriter sum confirmatus. Hoc 
 idem, si tibi videtur, fac ante oculos tibi proponas : modo 
 uno tempore tot viri clarissimi interierunt; de imperio 50 
 populi Romani tanta deminutio facta est ; omnes provinciae
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 89 
 
 conquassatae sunt : in unius mulierculae animula si iactura 
 facta est, tanto opere commoveris? quae si hoc tempore 
 non diem suum obisset, paucis post annis tamen ei 
 
 55 moriendum fuit, quoniam homo nata fuerat. Etiam tu ab 
 hisce rebus animum ac cogitationem tuam avoca atque 
 ea potius reminiscere, quae digna tua persona sunt : illam, 
 quam diu ei opus fuerit, vixisse ; una cum re publica fuisse ; 
 te, patrem suum, praetorem, consulem, augurem vidisse; 
 
 60 adulescentibus primariis nuptam fuisse ; omnibus bonis prope 
 perfunctam esse : cum res publica occideret, vita excessisse. 
 Quid est quod tu aut ilia cum fortuna hoc nomine queri 
 possitis ? Denique noli te oblivisci Ciceronem esse et eum, 
 qui aliis consueris praecipere et dare consilium, neque imitari 
 
 65 malos medicos, qui in alienis morbis profitentur tenere se 
 medicinae scientiam, ipsi se curare non possunt ; sed potius, 
 quae aliis tute praecipere soles, ea tute tibi subiice atque apud 
 animum propone. Nullus dolor est, quem non longin- 
 quitas temporis minuat ac molliat : hoc te exspectare tempus 
 
 70 tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere. Quod 
 si qui etiam inferis sensus est, qui illius in te amor fuit 
 pietasque in omnes suos, hoc certe ilia te facere non volt. 
 Da hoc illi mortuae ; da ceteris amicis ac familiaribus, qui ■ 
 tuo dolore maerent; da patriae, ut, si qua in re opus sit, 
 
 75 opera et consilio tuo uti possit. Denique, quoniam in eam 
 fortunam devenimus, ut etiam huic rei nobis serviendum sit, 
 noli committere ut quisquam te putet non tam filiam quam 
 rei publicae tempora et aliorum victoriam lugere. Plura 
 me ad te de hac re scribere pudet, ne videar prudentiae 
 
 80 tuae diffidere ; qua re, si hoc unum proposuero, finem faciam 
 scribendi : vidimus aliquotiens secundam pulcherrime te 
 ferre fortunam magnamque ex ea re te laudem apisci ; fac 
 aliquando intellegamus adversam quoque te aeque ferre 
 posse neque id mains, quam debeat, tibi onus videri, ne ex 
 
 85 omnibus virtutibus haec una tibi videatur deesse. Ouod ad
 
 90 
 
 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 me attinet, cum te tranquilliore animo esse cognoro, de lis 
 rebus, quae hie geruntur, quemadmodumque se provincia 
 habeat, certiorem faciam. Vale. 
 
 59. (FAM. 5. 14.) 
 
 Lucceius affects to inquire the cause of Cicero's absence, that he may 
 reprove his excessive sorrow. 
 
 L. LUCCEIUS Q. F. S. D. M. TULLIO M. F. 
 
 S. V. B. E. v., sicut soleo, paululo tamen etiam deterius 
 quam soleo. Te requisivi saepius, ut viderem : Romae quia 
 postea non fuisti quam decesseras, miratus sum ; quod idem 
 nunc miror. Non habeo certum, quae te res hinc maxime 
 retrahat. Si solitudine delectare, cum scribas et aliquid agas 5 
 eorum, quorum consuesti, gaudeo neque reprehendo tuum 
 consilium; nam nihil isto potest esse iucundius non modo 
 miseris his temporibus et luctuosis, sed etiam tranquillis et 
 optatis, praesertim vel animo defatigato tuo, qui nunc requiem 
 quaerat ex magnis occupationibus, vel erudito, qui semper 10 
 aliquid ex se promat, quod alios delectet, ie ipsum laudibus 
 inlustret. Sin autem, sicut hinc discesseras, lacrimis ac tris- 
 titiae te tradidisti, doleo, quia doles et angere ; non possum 
 te non, si concedis, quod sentimus, ut liberius dicamus, ac- 
 cusare : quid enim? tu solus aperta non videbis, qui propter 15 
 acumen occultissima perspicis ? tu non intelleges te querelis 
 cotidianis nihil proficere? non intelleges duplicari soUicitu- 
 dines, quas elevare tua te prudentia postulat ? Quod si non 
 possimus aliquid proficere suadendo, gratia contendimus et 
 rogando, si quid nostra causa vis, ut istis te molestiis laxes 20 
 et ad convictum nostrum redeas ad consuetudinem vel 
 nostram communem vel tuam solius ac propriam. Cupio 
 non obtundere te, si non delectare nostro studio; cupio
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 9 1 
 
 deterrere, ne permaneas in incepto. Nunc duae res istae 
 35 contrariae me conturbant, ex quibus aut in altera mihi 
 velim, si potes, obtemperes aut in altera non offendas. 
 Vale. 
 
 60. (FAM. 5. 15.) 
 
 Cicero thanks Lucceius for his letter ; thinks he may find consolation in 
 a meeting, and hopes to see him shortly. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. L. LUCCEIO Q. F. 
 
 Omnis amor tuus ex omnibus partibus se ostendit in 
 lis litteris, quas a te proxime accepi, non ille quidem mihi 
 ignotus, sed tamen gratus et optatus ; dicerem * iucundus/ 
 nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem ; neque ob earn 
 
 5 unam causam, quam tu suspicaris et in qua me lenissimi^ et 
 amantissimis verbis utens re graviter accusas, sed quod, illius 
 tanti volneris quae remedia esse debebant, ea nulla sunt. 
 Quid enim? ad amicosne confugiam? quam multi sunt? 
 habuimus enim fere communes, quorum alii occiderunt, alii 
 
 10 nescio quo pacto obduruerunt. Tecum vivere possem equi- 
 dem et maxime vellem: vetustas, amor, consuetudo, studia 
 paria; quod vinclum, quaeso, deest nostrae coniunctioni ? 
 Possumusne igitur esse una ? Nee mehercule intellego, quid 
 impediat; sed certe adhuc non fuimus, cum essemus vicini 
 
 15 in Tusculano, in Puteolano : nam quid dicam in urbe ? in 
 qua, cum forum commune sit, vicinitas non requiritur. Sed 
 casu nescio quo in ea tempora nostra aetas incidit, ut, cum 
 maxime florere nos oporteret, tum vivere etiam puderet : quod 
 enim esse poterat mihi perfugium spoliato et domesticis et 
 
 20 forensibus ornamentis atque solaciis ? Litterae, credo, quibus 
 utor adsidue : quid enim aliud facere possum ? Sed nescio 
 quo modo ipsae illae excludere me a portu et perfugio vi- 
 dentur et quasi exprobrare, quod in ea vita maneam, in qua
 
 92 A SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 nihil insit nisi propagatio miserrimi temporis. Hie tu me ah 
 ea abesse urbe miraris, in qua domus nihil delectare possit, 25 
 summum sit odium temporum, hominum, fori, curiae ? Itaque 
 sic litteris utor, in quibus consumo omne tempus, non ut ab 
 iis medicinam perpetuam, sed ut exiguam oblivionem doloris 
 petam. Quod si id egissemus ego atque tu, quod ne in 
 mentem quidem nobis veniebat propter cotidianos metus, si 30 
 omne tempus una fuissemus, neque me valetudo tua offen- 
 deret neque te maeror mens. Quod quantum fieri poterit 
 consequamur : quid enim est utrique nostrum aptius ? Pro- 
 pediem te igitur videbo. 
 
 61. (ATT. 13. 12.) 
 
 Cicero consults Atticus how he should repay Varro for the compliment 
 which the latter intended in dedicating a work of his to Cicero. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Valde me momorderunt epistolae tuae de Attica nostra, 
 eaedem tamen sanaverunt; quod enim te ipse consolabare 
 eisdem litteris, id mihi erat satis firmum ad leniendam aegri- 
 tudinem. Ligarianam praeclare vendidisti : posthac quicquid 
 scripsero, tibi praeconium deferam. Quod ad me de Varrone 5 
 scribis, scis me antea orationes aut aliquid id genus solitum 
 scribere, ut Varronem nusquam possem intexere; postea 
 autem quam haec coepi (^tXoXo-ywrepa, iam Varro mihi denun- 
 tiaverat magnam sane et gravem irpoa-cj^covijcnv. Biennium 
 praeteriit, cum ille Ka\Xnr7ri8r]s adsiduo cursu cubitum nullum 10 
 processerit; ego autem me parabam ad id, quod ille mihi 
 misisset, ut aiirw rw /ieVpm /cat Xcotoi', si modo potuissem ; nam 
 hoc etiam Hesiodus ascribit, aUe Swrjai. Nunc illam irepl 
 reXmv (rvvra^iv sane mihi probatam Bruto, ut tibi placuit, de- 
 spondimus, idque eum non nolle mihi scripsisti. Ergo illam 15 
 ^AKa8t]fxiKr)v, in qua homines, nobiles illi quidem, sed nullo
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 93 
 
 modo philologi, nimis acute loquuntur, ad Varronem trans- 
 feramus ; etenim sunt Antiochia, quae iste valde probat. 
 Catulo et Lucullo alibi reponemus, ita tamen, si tu hoc pro- 
 
 20 bas ; deque eo mihi rescribas velim. De Brinniana auctione 
 accepi a Vestorio litteras : ait sine ulla controversia rem ad 
 me esse conlatam — Romae videlicet aut in Tusculano me 
 fore putaverunt — a. d. viii. Kal. Quinct. Dices igitur vel amico 
 tuo, S. Vettio, coheredi meo, vel Labeoni nostro, paulum 
 
 25 proferant auctionem ; me circiter Nonas in Tusculano fore. 
 Cum Pisone Erotem habes. De Scapulanis hortis toto pec- 
 tore cogitemus : dies adest. 
 
 62. (ATT. 13. 13.) 
 
 Cicero has now decided to recast his ' Academia ' into four books, and 
 dedicate the whole to Varro. He concludes with an anxious inquiry for 
 Attica's health. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Commotus tuis litteris, quod ad me de Varrone scripseras, 
 totam Academiam ab hominibus nobilissimis abstuli, transtuli 
 ad nostrum sodalem et ex duobus libris contuli in quattuor : 
 grandiores sunt omnino, quam erant illi, sed tamen multa 
 
 5 detracta. Tu autem mihi pervelim scribas, qui intellexeris 
 ilium velle; illud vero utique scire cupio, quem intellexeris 
 ab eo (ifKoTvne'Krdai, nisi forte Brutum. Id hercle restabat! 
 Sed tamen scire pervelim. Libri quidem ita exierunt, nisi 
 forte me communis (pihavria decipit, ut in tali genere ne apud 
 
 10 Graecos quidem simile quicquam. Tu illam iacturam feres 
 aequo animo, quod ilia, quae habes de Academicis, frustra 
 descripta sunt: multo tamen haec erunt splendidiora, bre- 
 viora, meliora. Nunc auteni cmopo), quo me vertam. Volo 
 Dolabellae valde desideranti : non reperio, quid ; et simul 
 
 15 atSeo/Liot Tpoias, neque, si aliquid, potero fxfp-^iv efifugere. Aut 
 cessandum igitur aut aliquid excogitandum. Sed quid haec
 
 94 -^ SELECTION FROM THE 
 
 levia curamus? Attica mea, obsecro te, quid agit? quae 
 me valde angit. Sed crebro regusto tuas litteras; in his 
 acquiesce : tainen exspecto novas. 
 
 63. (FAM. 7. 25.; 
 
 Cicero thanks Fabius for his caution with respect to Tigellius, but warns 
 him also to observe caution in writing of Caesar. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. M. FADIO GALLO. 
 
 Quod epistolam conscissam doles, noli laborare, salva est : 
 domo petes, cum libebit. Quod autem me mones, valde 
 gratum est ; idque ut semper facias, rogo : videris enim mihi 
 vereri ne, si istum i7ifestum habuerimus, rideamus yiKaTa 
 a-aphaviov. Sed heus tu, manum de tabula ; magister adest 5 
 cidus quam putaramus: vereor ne in Catonium Catoninos. 
 Mi Galle, cave putes quicquam melius quam epistolae tuae 
 partem ab eo loco : " Cetera labuntur." Secreto hoc audi, 
 tecum habeto, ne Apellae quidem, liberto tuo, dixeris : praeter 
 duo nos loquitur isto modo nemo; bene malene, videro; 10 
 sed, quicquid est, nostrum est Urge igitur nee transversum 
 unguem, quod aiunt, a stilo; is enim est dicendi opifex. 
 Atque equidem aliquantum iam etiam noctis adsumo. 
 
 64. (ATT. 13. 52.) 
 
 Cicero describes Caesar's visit to him. 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 O hospitem mihi tam gravem aiiiTafif\r]Tov\ fuit enim 
 periucunde. Sed cum secundis Saturnalibus ad Philippum 
 vesperi venisset, villa ita completa militibus est, ut vix tricli- 
 nium, ubi cenaturus ipse Caesar esset, vacaret ; quippe homi- 
 num ciD CIO. Sane sum commotus, quid futurum esset 5
 
 LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 95 
 
 postridie, ac mihi Barba Cassius subvenit: custodes dedit. 
 Castra in agro; villa defensa est. lUe tertiis Saturnalibus 
 apud Philippum ad h. vii., nee quemquam admisit : rationes 
 opinor cum Balbo ; inde ambulavit in litore. Post h. viu. in 
 10 balneum; tum audivit de Mamurra; non mutavit. Unctus 
 est, accubuit. ifjifTiKrjv agebat; itaque et edit et bibit dbews 
 et iucunde, opipare sane et apparate, nee id solum, sed 
 
 bene cocto, 
 Condito, sermone bono et, si quaeri', libenter. 
 
 15 Praeterea tribus tricliniis accepti ol nepl avrhv valde copiose; 
 libertis minus lautis servisque nihil defuit: nam lautiores 
 eleganter accepti. Quid multa ? homines visi sumus. Hospes 
 tamen non is, cui diceres : ' Amabo te, eodem ad me, cum 
 revertere.' Semel satis est. (nrov^aiov ov8iu in sermone, <piX6- 
 
 20 Xoya multa. Quid quaeris ? delectatus est et hbenter fuit. 
 Puteolis se aiebat unum diem fore, alterum ad Baias. Habes 
 hospitium sive {TnaTadfxeiav odiosam mihi, dixi, non molestam. 
 Ego paulisper hie, deinde in Tusculanum. Dolabellae villam 
 cum praeteriret, omnis armatorum copia dextra sinistra ad 
 
 25 equum nee usquam alibi. Hoc ex Nicia. 
 
 65. (FAM. 7. 30.) 
 
 A history of the consulship of Caninius. 
 
 CICERO CURIO S. D. 
 
 Ego vero iam te nee hortor nee rogo ut domum redeas ; 
 quin hinc ipse evolare cupio et aliquo pervenire, 'ubi nee 
 Pelopidarum nomen nee facta audiam.' Incredibile est, quam 
 turpiter mihi facere videar, qui his rebus intersim. Nae tu 
 5 videris multo ante providisse, quid inpenderet tum, cum hinc 
 profugisti. Quamquam haec etiam auditu acerba sunt, tamen 
 audire tolerabilius est quam videre. In campo certe non
 
 g6 SELECTION FROM LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 
 
 fuisti, cum hora secunda comitiis quaestoriis institutis sella 
 Q. Maximi, quern illi consulem esse dicebant, posita esset, 
 quo mortuo nuntiato sella sublata est. Ille autem, qui comitiis lo 
 tributis esset auspicatus, centuriata habuit ; consulem hora 
 septima renuntiavit, qui usque ad Kalendas Ian. esset, quae 
 erant futurae mane postridie : ita Caninio consule scito ne- 
 minem prandisse. Nihil tamen eo consule mali factum est; 
 fuit enim mirifica vigilantia, qui suo toto consulatu somnum 15 
 non viderit. Haec tibi ridicula videntur — non enim ades — ; 
 quae si videres, lacrimas non teneres. Quid, si cetera scri- 
 bam ? sunt enim innumerabilia generis eiusdem, quae quidem 
 ego non ferrem, nisi me in philosophiae portum contulissem 
 et nisi haberem socium studiorum meorum Atticum nostrum ; 20 
 cuius quoniam proprium te esse scribis mancipio et nexo, 
 meum autem usu et fructu, contentus isto sura ; id enim est 
 cuiusque proprium, quo quisque fruitur atque utitur. Sed 
 haec alias pluribus. Acilius, qui in Graeciam cum legionibus 
 missus est, maximo meo beneficio est; bis enim est a me 25 
 iudicio capitis rebus salvis defensus, et est homo non ingratus 
 meque vehementer observat: ad eum de te diligentissime 
 scripsi eamque epistolam cum hac [epistola] coniunxi, quam 
 ille quo modo acceperit et quid tibi pollicitus sit, velim ad 
 me scribas. 3°
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Ep. 1. 1. Lucii fratris, i.e. ' fratris patruelis,' or first-cousin. Cicero's 
 father, Marcus, had a brother Lucius, whose son is the person here mentioned. 
 He was a fellow-student at Athens with the writer, who calls him ' frater 
 noster, cognatione patruelis, amore germanus' De Fin. 5. I. Lucius had 
 been with Cicero in Sicily when he went to collect evidence against Verres. 
 In Verr. 5. 61 and 65. He probably assisted the orator in his public 
 employments, as he speaks of his loss as not only domestic but professionaL 
 
 8. Adfinem, ' relation by marriage.' For Lucius Cicero was first cousin 
 to Quintus, who was married to Pomponia, Atticus' sister. 
 
 It is very remarkable that the first sentence extant in Cicero's letters should 
 bear such strong testimony to his family affection. 
 
 9. Sorore : Pomponia, wife of Cicero's younger brother, Quintus. These 
 letters contain frequent allusions to their disagreement, and his own en- 
 deavours to reconcile them. See Ep. ig. 
 
 15. Litterarum intermissione. Cicero often complains of difficulty 
 in finding letter-carriers, notwithstanding which he wrote, probably, as many 
 letters as ever have been written by so busy a man. Augustus first established 
 posts in the Roman Empire through the provinces, but probably only for 
 public despatches. Suet. vit. Aug. 49. 
 
 19. In Epirum, where Atticus had lately bought an estate at Buthrotum. 
 His usual residence (from b. c. 8-1-65) was at Athens, whither he had taken 
 much of his wealth. But he had business transactions in other parts of 
 Greece. Corn. Nep. vit. Att. 
 
 20. Acutiliano. From a later letter it appears that Atticus had promised 
 to pay a debt to Acutilius, if the latter would engage to give an acquittance. 
 Atticus had misunderstood the agent of Acutilius, as if he had refused this. 
 Att. X. 8. 
 
 21. Confeceram: the epistolary tense, for 'confeci.' 
 
 23. Peducaeum. This was one of Atticus' most intimate friends, as 
 we learn from Cornelius Nepos that Atticus sunmioned hini, with Agrippa his 
 son-in-law and L. C. Balbus, to his bedside in his last illness and gave them 
 notice of his intention to take no more food, in order not to prolong his 
 suti'ering. Corn. Nep. vit. Att. 21. 
 
 U
 
 98 
 
 NOTES. Ep. 2. 
 
 26. "Non milii grave duxi. As he had patiently listened to Acutilius' 
 complaints; he was not likely to have shrunk from the less disagreeable 
 task of writing about them, if there had been reason for doing so. 
 
 28. Unas litteras : so 'una castra,' etc., 'unus ' being thus used in the 
 plural with plural substantives of singular meaning. Madv. § 76. c. 
 
 31. Cuius animus. As a definite person is intended, the genitive of 
 'quidam' might have been expected here instead of the genitive of 'quis.' 
 The allusion is to Lucceius, who was offended with Atticus, though, as it 
 seemed to Cicero, without sufficient cause, and whom he could not soothe. 
 Att. I. II. Probably this was L. Lucceius the orator and historian, for 
 whom see Ep. 18. 
 
 34. Qtiid autem. He begs Atticus to state exactly how much he cares 
 about a reconciliation, that he may be able to judge what efforts he ought 
 to make. 
 
 38. Tadius locutus est . . . capi posse, ' Tadius told me that you 
 had written to him that there was no need of trouble, since the inheritance 
 had been secured by right of possession. I wonder that you do not know 
 that in the case of legal guardianship, in which this girl is said to be, no right 
 by possession exists.' By the laws of the Twelve Tables possession for a 
 year in the case of movables, of two years in that of land, gave a right of 
 full ownership. 'Usucapio' was the method by which occupation, * pos- 
 sessio,' was changed into ownership, ' dominium.' The property of a woman 
 'in legitima tutela' was not liable to pass by usucapion, unless originally 
 transferred with the ' auctoritas' of her ' tutor.' This condition was probably 
 wanting in this case. Cp. Smith's Diet. Ant. Art. Tutor, p. 1179. 
 
 Ep. 2. I. Aviam. Atticus' grandmother was fond of religious cere- 
 monies, it seems : hence Cicero's jest, that she died partly from longing 
 for her grandson, partly from fear lest the Latin games should be neg- 
 lected. 
 
 The ' feriae Latinae ' were celebrated at uncertain times, as the priests or 
 magistrates directed. Such ceremonies were called ' conceptivae,' as opposed 
 to the 'feriae statae' or 'stativae' which were held on certain days marked 
 in the calendar. The power of appointing the time at which such festivals 
 should be held was of great use to the magistrates and senate. The games 
 are here personified, and spoken of in a manner more applicable to the per- 
 sons who had the conduct of them. 
 
 The ' feriae Latinae ' were originally a Latin festival, dating, as Niebuhr 
 thinks, from very ancient times, when the Albans had supremacy in Latium. 
 The flesh of a victim, sacrificed on the Alban mount, was distributed between 
 Alba and thirty Latin towns. Afterwards the festival commemorated the 
 Roman and Latin alliance, but in the time of Cicero the Latins had ceased to 
 take part in it. The consuls presided, but the aediles conducted the minor 
 solemnities. During the six days of the festival, which was celebrated by 
 chariot-races, and other games, there was a sacred truce, nor were the consuls
 
 Ep. 3- LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 99 
 
 allowed to take the field until after they had held the ' feriae. Li v. 2i. 63 ; 
 22. 1 ; 25. 12. Dio. Cass. 46. 33. Smith, Diet. Antiq. 
 
 2. Verita sit. Cp. 'Multi quaestores decedere iusserunt, quod arbi- 
 trarentur' Cic. Verr. 3. 58. Madv. § 357. a. obs. 2, which applies to 
 verbs of fearing as well as to verbs of thinking. 
 
 4. Saufeium : an Epicurean literary friend of Atticus, to whom Cicero 
 frequently alludes. Here he, perhaps, refers to the Epicurean tenet that the 
 dead have no more sense of pain or pleasure, but not in a serious way. See 
 Att. 4. 6 ; 2. 8; 15. 4. 
 
 5. Ad mensem lanuarium, ' in, or about the month of January.' 
 
 ' Ad' is used thus to designate time. ' Turdi eodem revojaut ad aequinoctium ■ 
 vernum ' Varro 3. 5. It is also used for ' after the lapse of.' ' Nescio quid 
 intersit iitrum illnc nunc veniam, an ad decem annos ' Att. 12. 46. 
 
 7. Signa. Cicero was now fitting up his Tusculan villa, and employed 
 Atticus to send him statues and other ornaments for it from Greece. In 
 another letter (Att. I. S) he speaks of some from Megara, and among them 
 some of Hermes, with brazen heads, which he was much pleased with. The 
 statues from Megara cost him hs ccioo ccioo cccc, or, 20,400 sestertii, 
 which is £180 I2S. 6d., counting the sestertius at 2^d. The value of this 
 coin depended on that of the ' denarius,' of which it was a fourth part. 
 Smith, Diet. Antiq. Cicero calls this a small price for the statues ; he does 
 not say, however, how many they were. 
 
 II. De nostro am.ico, Lucceius, alluded to in the last letter, who seems 
 to have been offended with Salhist as well as with Atticus. 
 
 16. Is, Sallust. 'I have mentioned this to you, because Sallust was 
 wont to accuse me about you,' i.e. of not pleading his cause with you. 
 ' But he has found in his own case that it is Lucceius who is implacable, 
 and that I have never been wanting in affection for you or for himself.' 
 Observe how the emphasis is brought out by the order of the words. 
 
 18. Tulliolam, Tullia, Cicero's daughter, was now only eleven years 
 old. Her marriage with C. Piso Frugi, an upright man, took place four 
 years after, in the year of her father's consulship, b. c. 63. Piso died during 
 Cicero's banishment, B.C. 57. Tullia was afterwards married to Furius 
 Crassipes ; then, having been divorced from him (it is not known for what 
 cause), to P. Cornelius Dolabella, He was a man of very bad character, 
 and she was separated from him b. c. 46, and died early in the following 
 year, at the age of thirty-four. 
 
 Ep. 3. I. Consulibus : this would naturally mean in the actual con- 
 sulship of L. Caesar and Figuius, b. c. 64. But the trial of Catiline, 
 mentioned in this letter, took place in the year 65, when Cotta and Tor- 
 quatus were consuls. The date must therefore refer to the election of 
 Caesar and Figuius, when they became ' consules design ati,' about the end 
 of July, 63, not to their entering on office the January following. Cicero's 
 son was probably born on the day of the election. 
 
 H 2
 
 TOO NOTES. Ep. 3. 
 
 , niiolo, M. TuUius, the orator's only son. 
 31 Eationibus, ' my plans.' In the letter alluded to, Cicero enters at 
 length into the prospects of his canvass for the consulship for the next 
 year but one, and his probable competitors. Among these he mentions 
 Catiline, if he should be acquitted of the charge of extortion in his province 
 of Africa, where he had been praetor, B.C. 67. 'If the judges decide that the 
 sun does not shine at midday, Catiline will be my competitor,' he says. But 
 although convinced of his guilt, and although Catiline had since been en- 
 gaged in a notorious but unsuccessful attempt to murder the consuls Cotta 
 and Torquatus this very year, Cicero was so afraid of his influence, that he 
 was now thinking of gaining him over by undertaking his defence. 
 
 4. Cogitamus, ' I am thinking of defending.' 'Cogito' is sometimes 
 used thus with an infinitive. ' Antium me ex Formiano recipere cogito.' Att. 
 2. 9. Catiline had the support of Caesar and Crassus, and Cicero was 
 hampered by the jealousy of the nobles against himself as a ' novus homo.' 
 
 5. ludices habemus quos voluimus. It was in the power of an 
 accused person to challenge the judges, although there must have been 
 some limit to this right. ' Neminem voluerunt maiores nostri, non modo de 
 existimatione cuiusquam, sed ne pecuniaria quidem de re minima esse 
 iudicem, nisi qui inter adversarios convenisset' Pro Cluent. 43. From the 
 tense of 'voluimus,' it seems that Cicero had exercised this right for 
 Catiline. But there is reason to think that he did not actually defend him 
 after all, since he makes no allusion to such a defence, when he might be 
 expected to do so, either in his speech ' Pro Sulla,' which refers to this year, 
 or in the fragment ' In toga Candida,' which remains. This is the opinion 
 of Asconius, the ancient commentator on Cicero, quoted by Abeken. 
 
 Summa accusatoris voluntate, ' with the greatest goodwill on 
 the part of the accuser,' P. Clodius Pulcher, afterwards Cicero's enemy. 
 Clodius, in fact, was bribed to give up the cause (' a Catilina pecuniam 
 accepit ut turpissime praevaricaretur ' De Har. Resp. 20), and, Torquatus 
 taking his place, Catiline was acquitted * infamia judicum.' 
 
 6. Spero . . . feremus, ' I hope, if he is acquitted, that he will be 
 more closely bound to me in the matter of my suit (for the consulship) : 
 but if not, I shall bear it patiently.' Hviinaniter, as a man ought to bear 
 what men are liable to. 
 
 9. Tugs familiares. Cicero is supposed to mean particularly Horten- 
 sius, whom he elsewhere calls a friend of Atticus (Att. 2. 25). Hortensius 
 was an eminent orator, of noble, though plebeian family, of whom Cicero 
 sometimes speaks with high esteem, while at other times he charges him 
 with doing him injury from envy. Cp. Ep. 12. Others think that the 
 patricians Lucullus and Crassus are alluded to here. Atticus, though 
 himself only of an equestrian family, from his great wealth and attractive 
 character, had much influence with the nobles, and Cicero desired his pre- 
 sence. The unjust jealousy felt against him by the ' optimates ' may excuse
 
 Ep. 4. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. lOI 
 
 his own hesitation, and explain the necessity he was under of not breaking 
 with the chiefs of the popular party, even though men of bad character. 
 
 Ep. 4. There is an interval of upwards of two years between the last 
 letter and this, during which there are no letters of Cicero's extant. He 
 had meantime been consul, B.C. 63, and had suppressed Catiline's conspiracy, 
 while Pompev was absent in Asia finishing the Mithridatic war. 
 
 I. S. T. E. Q,. V. B. E., ' si tu exercitusque valetis bene est.' 
 
 Ex Uteris ttiis ; this letter was written probably from Pompey's 
 camp, in Pontus. He had led his troops back thither after his conquest of 
 Palestine, in 63, during which he had heard of the death of Mithridates. 
 From Pontus he settled the affairs of Asia, and then returned to Italy, 
 
 B.C. 62. 
 
 Publice, ' officially.' 
 
 3. Quantam ego semper. This is no more than Cicero was justified 
 in saying, as his speech 'Pro Lege Manilla' shows, in support of the pro- 
 posal to give Pompev the charge of the Mithridatic war, with unlimited 
 power in the East. The splendid encomium on the military greatness of his 
 hero which the speech contains, was hardly an exaggeration, Cicero now 
 looked to Pompey as the saviour of the state, and was anxious to have his 
 friendship and support. He probably had some misgivings as to the future 
 for himself, as the conduct of the tribune Metellus Nepos, on his resigning 
 the consulship, showed what was in store for him. Nepos forbade him to 
 make the speech he had prepared, because he had condemned Roman 
 citizens unheard. He feared Caesar's ability and unscrupulousness, and did 
 not yet know (indeed it was long before he could open his eyes to) Pompey's 
 dissimulation and irresolution. 
 
 4. Tuos veteres liostes, novos amicos. Manutius understands 
 Crassus and LucuUus. The persons whom Cicero means had formerly 
 opposed Pompey, professed to be his friends on his success, but were now 
 secretly disappointed at it, and discouraged. Caesar might be alluded to, 
 as Wieland supposes, but this description hardly suits his open, fearless 
 character. * lacere ' is often thus used ; ' Cnaeus autem noster, ut totus 
 iacet ! non animus est, non consilium, non copiae, non diligentia ' Att. 7- 21. 
 
 6. Ad me autem. Besides Pompey's letters to the senate, he had 
 written others to Cicero, but the latter were cold in expression, and the 
 former had omitted, of course, any reference to Cicero's late achievements. 
 
 8. Nulla enim. re . . . patior, ' for there is nothing I am so accustomed 
 to rejoice in as the consciousness of fulfilling my duty to others ; and if even 
 these do not meet with a due return, I am quite content that the excess of 
 obligation should be on my side.' 
 
 II. lUud; namely, the public ground he had for expecting Pompey's 
 support, if his private regard for him met with no response. This letter 
 expresses wounded feeling, mixed with political anxiety. Cicero had a real 
 regard, and even affection, for Pompey, which he never quite lost, and which
 
 I02 NOTES. Ep. 5. 
 
 is in itself a strong testimony to Pompey's character. In this and other 
 passages in his writings, we must bear in mind the sensitiveness of Cicero's 
 own disposition, sometimes almost descending to wealcness. 
 
 18. Quod vererere . . . offenderes, ' because (as I supposed) you were 
 afraid of offending some one's feelings.' The subjunctive is not causal, but 
 expresses what was in Cicero's mind regarding Pompey. This instance 
 comes under the general rule, Madv. § 357. a. The persons who might 
 have been offended by Pompey's praising Cicero were, of course, Catiline's 
 secret friends; perhaps Crassus and Caesar particularly. 
 
 20. Quae, cum veneris . . . patiare, ' when you are come, however, 
 you will find that these things were done by me, with such wisdom and 
 courage, that, far greater as you are than Africanus was, you will readily 
 allow me, who am not much less than Laelius, to be allied to you both 
 in public policy and in friendship.' 
 
 The allusion is to the younger Africanus, whose friendship with Laelius, 
 Cicero has immortalised in his ' De Amicitia.' 
 
 Pompey's reticence in not congratulating Cicero arose no doubt, as 
 Cicero remarks, from his fear of offending those who only half approved the 
 punishment of the conspirators, and his unwillingness to commit himself to 
 either party. He carried this caution so far, that he lost the influence gained 
 by his military talents and success. Although Cicero's frequent reference 
 to his own exploits, in his letters and orations, is wearisome, he might natu- 
 rally complain of Pompey's making no allusion to them so soon afterwards. 
 
 23. Quam Laeliuin. Accusative attracted by ' me.* Madv. 402. 6. 
 
 Ep. 5. C. Antonius, second son of the orator and uncle of the triumvir, 
 had been Cicero's colleague both in the praetorship and the consulship, and 
 by his consent succeeded to the pro-consulship of Macedonia. He was a 
 man of bad character, notorious for plundering the allies, of which he had 
 been accused by Julius Caesar, and b. c. 70 had even been expelled from the 
 senate by the censors on this account, and for private extravagance, 
 ■ though afterwards re-admitted. He was believed to be an accomplice of 
 Catihne, but Cicero gained him over by allowing him to choose the rich 
 province of Macedonia. He was now threatened with impeachment for 
 plundering it. Cicero defended him in the senate now, and on his trial 
 two years afterwards, but he was condemned and sent into exile to Cephal- 
 lonia. 
 
 2. IN" on QUO eas intellegerem, ' not because I thought that these had 
 much weight with you !' ' Quo' is used thus with a subjunctive in negative 
 clauses, denying tliat a reason which might be assigned is the true one. The 
 real reason sometimes follows, in the indicative, after ' quia,' or some 
 equivalent word. ' Nihil scrips! antea, non quo celandus esses, sed quia 
 videtur,' etc. ' Not because you were to be kept in the dark, but because,' 
 etc. Fam. 5. 10. 'In quo ego, non quo libenter male audiam, sed quia ego 
 causam non hbenter relinquo,' etc. De Orat, 2. 75. Sometimes after ' eo;'
 
 Ep. 5. LETTERS OF IT. T. CICERO. IO3 
 
 • Non eo dico, C. Aqnilli, quo niihi veniat in dubium tua fides' Pro Quinct. 
 2. Madv. § 357. b. 
 
 8, Si . . . desiderem, 'if I should claim.' 'Desidero' seems here to 
 carry its full meaning, and to imply that the ' officia' were not forthcoming, 
 though reasonably to be looked for. Below 1. 23 ' gravitatem et laboreni 
 desiderant,' it simply means ' require.' For the full sense of the word as 
 here used, cp. ' Antonium, etsi eius in me officia omnes desiderant, tamen in 
 senatu gravissime ac diligentissime defendi ' Fam. 5. 6. 
 
 13. Contra . . . audivi, ' nay, that something the very opposite (of 
 gratitude) has proceeded from you, I have heard from many.' The place of 
 ' contra ' in the sentence brings out the emphasis. For the combination of 
 the adverb ' contra ' with the substantival pronoun ' aliquid,' see Madv. 
 § .^01. c. obs. 2. What Cicero alludes to is a report which Antonius had 
 spread, that Cicero had bargained for part of the plunder of his province. 
 Att. 1. 12. The purity of his own conduct when proconsul of Cilicia makes 
 this most improbable, and he speaks of the calunniy with much indignation 
 in his letter to Atticus, saying tliat it made it impossible for him to defend 
 Antonius with any credit. On the latter point, however, he changed his 
 mind. 
 
 14. Nam comperisse . . . conferri, ' for I don't venture to say that 
 I have " discovered," lest I should chance to use a word which they say is 
 falsely ascribed to me by you.' Cicero was fond of using the verb ' com- 
 perio,' in relating his detection of Catiline's plot, and his enemies laughed 
 at him for it. ' Clodius . . . me tantum comperisse omnia criminabatur.' 
 Att. I. 14. 
 
 18. Officio; here used in the sense of the post class. ' Officiositas,* dis- 
 position to do ' officia,' acts of kindness. 
 
 2 2. Reliqua. He alludes to the charge of extortion which Antonius 
 was threatened with, and which was brought against him the following year. 
 
 C4. Profundere, ' to lavish uselessly.' 
 
 26. Ingrata esse. Instead of speaking of the contingency of Antonius 
 being ungrateful he transfers the epithet to the services which he might do 
 him. The words must therefore be translated 'make me no return,' 'are 
 thankless.' 
 
 Ep. 6. I. Magna . . . litteris tuis, ' I have been convinced by your 
 letters of a great changeableness of feeling and alteration of opinion and of 
 mind in my brother Qnintus.' 
 
 Quintus Cicero, on being appointed governor of Asia, wished to take 
 Atticus with him as ' Icgatus : ' but his brother-in-law had declined to go, 
 either from his general disinclination to public offices, or from some personal 
 causes, connected with the disagreement between his sister Poniponia and 
 her husband Quintus. The latter had taken oflence, and had written and 
 spoken angrily of Atticus, who complained of it to Cicero, sending hira 
 copies of his brother's letters.
 
 1 04 NOTES. Ep. 6. 
 
 9. Discedentem, ' on your taking leave of me,' to go to Epirus, 
 probably, where Atticus now was. 
 
 Subesse . . . suspitiones, ' that some disagreeable notion was lurk- 
 ing ill his thoughts, that his feelings were hurt, and that some unpleasant 
 suspicions had settled in his mind.' 
 
 Insedisse sc. animum. 
 
 16. DyrrhacMi. Atticus had an estate near Dyrrhachium, and Quintus 
 Cicero might easily have seen him on his way to Asia. 
 
 1 7. Istis locis, ' the places where you are.' This is the proper 
 meaning of ' iste,' which is referred to the person addressed. Madv. § 486. 
 
 25. Inculcatum. The metaphor is of something trodden or rammed 
 in, from ' calco,' ' to tread.' 
 
 27. Huius incommodi culpa. Cicero does not like to write what he 
 means, that Pomponia, sister of Atticus, and wife of Quintus, was the cause 
 of the estrangement between the brothers-in-law. 
 
 30. Xrt nihil . . . sit, ' even supposing that the wound has not been at 
 all caused by members of his family.' He implies that Pomponia might 
 have reconciled Quintus and Atticus. 'Ut' is often used thus in suppo- 
 sitions, which the subjunctive mood expresses by its proper force. Att. 
 12. 23 ' Nam quid de me dicam, cui ut omnia contingant, quae volo, levari 
 non possum ?' It seems unnecessary to call these propositions ' consecutive, 
 with Madvig, or to say with Key that a verb 'granting that ' is understood. 
 The subjunctive e;(presses supposition and the ' ut ' coordinateness of pro- 
 positions. 
 
 39. Et esse . . . bonitatis, 'and that this fickleness, if I may so call it, 
 and pliability of nature is generally a mark of goodness.' 
 
 46. Quas facilitates, ' what opportunities of advantage either in the 
 provinces or in the city you have passed over, both at other times and in my 
 own consulship.' Atticus had many business transactions, and Cicero might 
 have helped him when consul. 
 
 48. Ingenuitas et magnitudo animi tni, 'your sincerity and 
 greatness of soul.' Cicero is referring to the candour of Atticus in giving 
 the real reason for his refusal, namely, his dislike to public employments, 
 not to Quintus. Indeed it would have been no great honour to Atticus to 
 have been 'legatus' to a praetor. *Non enim decere se arbitrabatur cum 
 praeturam gerere noluisset, asseclam esse praetoris ' Corn. Nep. vit. Att. 
 
 The passage which follows seems a genuine tribute to the true and 
 unvarying friendship which Atticus had for Cicero, and proved by constant 
 help and sympathy. Cicero seems to have depended on him for advice and 
 assistance in his private affairs, which afterwards became embarrassed. In 
 some instances a habit of polite expression, or natural sensibility, leads him 
 into exaggeration of his friends' goodness : but there is no ground for 
 supposing this in the case of Atticus, who has been rewarded by his 
 memory being perpetuated with that of the great orator.
 
 Ep.6. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. I05 
 
 55. Cum discessi. 'Eleganter ponitur " discedere ab aliquo" pro "ex- 
 cipere." ' Facciolati. The idiom is not uncommon in Cicero, 
 Primas, sc. ' partes,' ' the first rank.' 
 
 57. Temporibus, • circumstances.' 
 
 73. Atque in ista . . . provinciae, 'and painful as is this estrangement 
 and offence which he has taken against you, there is this satisfaction, that 
 both I and your other friends knew (for you yourself had sometimes borne 
 witness to it) that j'ou had resolved to refuse the government of a province.' 
 
 76. Tua volimtas omittendae provinciae. This cannot well refer 
 to Atticus' present refusal of Quintus' offer. Cicero is speaking of a previous 
 general determination on his part. It must therefore strictly mean, ' your 
 intention to let slip any opportunity of obtaining a provincial government.' 
 
 79. Qua re . . . obtinebunt, ' so that the breach between you and 
 Quintus will be healed, and our friendship, which has been most tenderly 
 preserved, will keep its sacredness.' 
 
 The rest of this letter is political. Cicero's great object, as a statesman, 
 was to unite the senate and equites, as a bulwark against the democracy. 
 The knights, from their landed wealth in Italy, and from their possessing 
 the management of the state finances, and the farming of the public revenue, 
 were a powerful body, and the scheme of Cicero might liave succeeded had 
 they not been so selfish and mercenary. Together with the senators and 
 the ' tribuni aerarii,' they, at this time, composed the 'indices,' and had 
 lately most basely acquitted Clodius, when tried for sacrilege. The senate 
 decreed that inquiry should be made into the bribery practised in this case : 
 but Cicero, though ashamed of his task, resisted this motion and quashed it. 
 Soon after, he again took the part of the knights, who wished to be released 
 from the terms of a contract for the revenues of Asia, which had been calcu- 
 lated unfavourably for them. In this, although he spoke at length on the 
 first of December in this year (61 B.C.), he was not successful: Caesar, in 
 his consulship (59 B.C.), let them off one third of their liabilities. Cicero 
 seems somewhat ashamed of the part he took in this matter also, although 
 it must have been for the interest of the provincials that the km'ghts should 
 not be tempted to exact the original sum. But his chief anxiety arose from 
 seeing the failure of his plan of union. 
 
 90. Ecce aliae, ' Here is another beautiful instance of the conduct of the 
 km'ghts, which, intolerable as it is, I have not only endured, but even 
 defended.' 
 
 93. TJt induceretur locatio, ' that the contract should be cancelled.' 
 Att. 13. 14 'Nomina iam facia sunt, sed vel indiici vel mutari possunt.' 
 lb. I. 20 'Inducendi senatus-consuiti maturitas nondum est.' Livy 39. 44 
 ' Quas locationes cum senatus, precibus et lacrymis publicanorum victus, 
 induci et de integro locari iussis'^et.' ' Induco ' gains this meaning through 
 its use to describe the levelling of the wax on a tablet for the purpose of 
 erasure.
 
 I05 NOTES. 5:p. 7. 
 
 94. Ego princeps . . . impulit, ' I was chief among their supporters, 
 or rather second : for it was Crassus who moved them to make this auda- 
 cious demand.' Atque adeo is often used in this sense of correction, and is 
 equivalent to 'vel potius.' In Cat. 1. 2 ' Ducem hostium inter moenia, 
 atque adeo in senalu videmus.' In Verr. 4. 8 ' Cum maximo detrimsnto 
 atque adeo exitio vectigalium.' Here it alters the preceding statement by 
 Strengthening it ; * and even.' 
 
 102. Voltintas senatus perspeeta. This was a mistake on Cicero's 
 part : the senate afterwards refused. 
 
 107. Ista, 'those ties of yours;' perhaps, as Atticus was a knight, and 
 no doubt approved of Cicero's policy. ' Iste ' is, however, used more 
 generally, in contrast with something nearer. Hor. Ep. i. 6, 67 
 ' Si quid novisti rectius istis, 
 Candidus imperti : si non, his utere mecum.' 
 
 loS. Tuta, ut spero, via. He alludes, as his next words show, 
 to his friendship with Pompeius, which, however, turned out a broken 
 reed. 
 
 112. Lucceium. Caesar wished for Lucceius as a colleague, disliking 
 the honesty and principles of Bibulus, who supported the aristocracy. 
 Lucceius, being a rich man, but not so popular as Caesar, was to provide 
 money for their joint election. The aristocratical party defeated this plan 
 by authorizing Bibulus to promise as much to the electors as Lucceius had, 
 and subscribed for this purpose, even with Cato's consent ; so that Bibu'us 
 was elected. Suet. Jul. 19. 
 
 113. Duo enim . . . coniungi, 'for only two are named as future can- 
 didates. Caesar thinks of uniting with Lucceius through Arrius : and 
 Bibulus thinks that by Piso's influence he may be elected with Caesar.' 
 From an allusion in another letter (Att. 2. 5) it seems as if Caesar made a 
 tool of Arrius and then threw him off^, 
 
 118. Si in aliud ... veils, ' if you wish to look to hear of them 
 another day." 
 
 119. Moleste, ' importunately.' 
 
 Ep. 7. 3. Quicum. 'Qui' = quo, an old form of the abl. retained as 
 an adverb, and [a combination with ' cum.' 
 
 5. dc|>eX«aTaTOS, dcjicXiqs, ' simple' in a good sense, lit. free from stones, 
 smooth. 
 
 Metellus : consul for this year (b.c. 60) with Afranius. 
 
 6. Xiitus atque aer : i.e. inanimate, without human sympathy, like the 
 elements. 
 
 11. Destitutus. There is something very touching, as well as 
 characteristic of Cicero, in this confession of loneliness. 
 
 Tantum requietis , . . quantum, ' my only repose is the time I 
 spend with,' <S:c. 
 
 12. Uam illae . . .non liabent, ' for those counterfeit friendships of
 
 Ep. 7. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. I07 
 
 politics have a certain public splendour; domestic enjoyment they do not 
 bring.' 
 
 14. Cum bene completa domus est, ' when my house is quite full,' 
 of morning visitors. * Cum ' is used thus with a perfect (with the pluperfect 
 when the leading proposition is in the past tense) in the indicative mood, 
 to express that something is customary. Madv. § 335. b. I. ' Quum ad 
 villam veni, hoc ipsum, nihil agere, me delectat' De Or. 2. 6. 
 
 27. Tamen voluntas. The clause is hopelessly corrupt, and no satis- 
 factory emendation has been suggested. 
 
 30. Etenim post profectionem tuam, ' For it was, I think, after your 
 departure that the first commencement was made of the Clodian story.' 
 ' Introitus defensionis' Pro Gael. 2. 
 
 35. Adflicta res publica : by the acquittal of Clodius described in 
 Att. I. 16. 5. 
 
 37. Consul est impositus. He speaks of Piso, consul of the previous 
 year 61. Piso had been serving under Pompey in the Mithridatic war, and 
 was sent by him to Rome in 62 to be a candidate for the consulship in order 
 to ratify Pompey 's acts. Although Cicero was angry with Piso for pro- 
 tecting Clodius and on personal grounds, he speaks of him highly elsewhere 
 for accomplished oratory. De Or. i. 22 ; Brut. 67. 
 
 39. De ambitu. The senate decreed that Lurco, tribune of the people, 
 should propose a law against bribery. Cicero alludes to this law (lex Aufidia) 
 in another letter (Att. I. 16), as enacting that if a candidate promised 
 money to the tribes and paid it, he should pay to each tribe 3000 sesterces 
 annually, it seems, as long as he lived. If he promised without paying, he 
 was to be exempt. In a contest of wit with Clodius, Cicero told him that 
 he had already kept the law, by promising without paying. 
 
 De iudiciis. See the previous letter. 
 
 40. Exagitatus senatus, ' the senate was frightened from its pro- 
 posal ' by the tribunes interposing their veto. 
 
 Alienati equites, ' while the knights were estranged ; ' for they were 
 the guilty parties. 
 
 41. Ille annvis, 'last year.' 
 
 Duo firmamenta. The authority of the senate, and its union with 
 the knights, were the two objects which Cicero hud at heart. Both were 
 endangered by the events of the year 61. 
 
 45. luventatis = Hebe. Boot thinks these games were held under the 
 auspices of the Luculli (Liv. 36. 36) and postponed on account of the dis- 
 grace sustained by that family. 
 
 46. Suis sacris initiavit. Memmius disgraced her. 
 
 49. Agamemnonem, some one else whom Memmius had injured. It is 
 uncertain who is meant. 
 
 Liberum non putavit, ' treated as a slave,' i.e. with contempt and 
 injury.
 
 Io8 NOTES. Ep. 7. 
 
 52. Vobis, ' among your tribesmen.' At elections probably of inferior 
 officers, which were conducted by the tribes. 
 
 Uummos vobis dividere. He was a ' divisor,' or professional 
 briber. 
 
 Ad plebem . . . tradueit, ' is trying to transfer Clodius to the plebs.' 
 The object of Clodius was to become tribune and destroy Cicero. Such 
 adoptions ought to have been made at the ' Comitia curiata,' which were 
 only held in the cit}' and attended by its inhabitants. Herennius wished to 
 convene as tribune the ' comitia tributa ' outside the city, in the Campus 
 Martins, and to get them to pass the adoption of Clodius, which would en- 
 able the latter to stand for the tribunate. 
 
 54. Accepi, ' I have received,' ' treated.' 
 
 55. Sed niMl . . . lentius. But he (Herennius) is utterly insensible. 
 Cicero could not influence him. 
 
 57. Habet . . . . de Clodio, 'has just for form's sake made that 
 same proposal about Clodius.' For the construction compare Q. F. 
 3. 9. ' Quod me hortaris ut absolvam, habeo absolutum suave . . . 
 (ITOS.' The proposal was in fact made by Herennius, but Metellus had 
 consented to take some formal part in the matter without really 
 approving it. 
 
 58. Auli Alius : the other consul, Afranius. 
 
 59. Dignus qui Palieano, ' deserving to have his face exposed daily to 
 be abused by Palicanus.' M. Lollius Palicanus was candidate for the consul- 
 ship the year before this, when the consul Piso had said that the republic 
 had not sunk so low as to suffer this indignity, and that he would not 
 return his name if he were elected. Valerius Maximus, who relates this, 
 calls Lollius a most seditious and unprincipled man, 3. 8. 
 
 60. Agraria. This law was really the proposal of Pompeius, whose 
 instrument Flavins was, and its object was to divide public lands among the 
 soldiers of the former. It was ill-considered (sane levis) ; and did not pass, 
 as we learn from Cicero's next letter to Atticus, I. 19. 
 
 62. TToXiTiKos dvTip ovb' ovap, ' no real statesman can be found, not even 
 the ghost of one.' 
 
 64. Togulam illam pictam. Commanders in a triumph were allowed 
 an ornamented dress, and Pompeius was suffered to wear it in the public 
 games, at the Circus. Cicero satirises his vanity and inactivity. 
 
 This passage gives a strong view of the hopeless state of the republic : 
 even Cato, the only honest statesman, doing more harm than good, by his 
 want of judgment. 
 
 65. Contra gratiam, ' to injure his popularity.' 
 
 66. Piscinas suas. Cp. ' cum principes digito se caelum putent at- 
 tingere, si muUi barbati in piscinis sint qui ad manum accedant' Att. 2. 
 I. 7. 
 
 70, Tertium iam mensem vexat. The knights were still in suspense
 
 Ep. 8. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. IO9 
 
 whether the senate would give them relief from their unfavourable bargain 
 about the revenues of Asia. See Ep. 6. 93 note. 
 
 73. Legationes reiectum iri, ' that the audiences given to the 
 embass es will be put ofJ.' The month of February was the appointed time 
 for receiving ambassadors, ' Reiicere ' in Cicero frequently = ' differre.' 
 
 78. Ne absens censeare. The census was about to be taken, followed 
 by the lustrum, or sacrifice. Merchants, absent on their business, sometimes 
 did not return to Rome till the eve of the lustrum itself. Cicero said he 
 would take care that Atticus should not be registered in his absence, and 
 that he would give out that he was expected. The registration was accom- 
 panied by a statement of property on the basis of which taxes were assessed. 
 It took place every five years, so 'lustrum ' came to mean a period of five 
 years. Hor. Carm. 2. 4. 24. 
 
 79. Germani : a true, thorough man of business. ' Haec gcrmana ironia 
 est ' Brut. 86. It would be unseemly for Atticus to come only just in time. 
 
 Ep. 8. 2. Huius peregrinationis. Early in the year of Caesar's con- 
 sulship (B.C. 59) Cicero, discontented with the state of things at Rome, left 
 the city, perhaps about February, for a tour, and went as far as his villa near 
 Formiae. On his way he stayed at that near Antinm, from whence he now 
 writes to Atticus, who was at Rome, though intending soon to go back to 
 Greece. Atticus seems to have recommended him to write a work on 
 geography (Att. 2. 4) : but he had lost his usual energy. 
 
 5. Pestivam copiam, ' a delightful quantity.' 
 
 Lacertas, ' for the stormy weather is inconvenient for catching fish.' 
 Juv. 14. 131 ' Concham aestivam cum parte lacerti.' 'A small fish, of which 
 Pliny mentions three kinds." ' Lacertas' = ' lacertos.' 
 
 8. Eratosthenes. A great mathematician, geographer, and grammarian 
 of Alexandria, born B.C. 276. His work, ' Geographica,' was perhaps the 
 greatest ever written upon its subject, but it is lost. For his discovery of the 
 method of measuring the circumference of the earth, see Smith, Biog. Die. 
 Cicero had meant to make him his model, or rather to found his work on 
 that of Eratosthenes. 
 
 9. Hipparchus (b.c. i6o-I45\ one of the greatest of ancient astro- 
 nomers, wrote among many scientific wotks a particular criticism of the 
 geography of Eratosthenes : to this, no doubt, Cicero alludes. Pliny praises 
 it, but Strabo disapproved of it. It is doubtful whether Hipparchus lived at 
 Nicaea or at Rhodes. Smith, Biog. Diet. 
 
 Of Serapion nothing is known except that he lived at Antioch, and was 
 an authority on geography. Cicero speaks in a former letter (2. 4) of having 
 received his book from Atticus, but not being able to understand the 
 thousandth part of it. 
 
 10. Si Tyrannic accesserit, ' if Tyrannio is agreed with them,* i.e. 
 in finding fault with Eratosthenes. He was a contemporary of Cicero, and 
 helped him in his studies, in arranging his library, and in instructing his
 
 no NOTES. Ep. 8. 
 
 nephew Qninfjs (Q. F. 2. 4. 2 ; Att. 4. 4). He was a Greek, taken cap- 
 tive by Lucullus at Rhodes, and afterwards emancipated. He taught at 
 Rome, and became rich, amassing, according to Suidas, a library of 50,000 
 volumes. 
 
 II. 6|j,0€i5eis, 'monotonous,' as for example repeated descriptions of 
 rivers and mountains. 
 
 Nee tain possunt dv87]poYpa4>€tcr0ai, ' they cannot be written in 
 so ornamental a style as I thought.' 
 
 15. Duumvimm. The chief magistrates in the colonies and municipal- 
 ities were so called, being analogous to the consuls at Rome. To this 
 analogy Cicero here alludes. 
 
 16. Sed mihi crede, ' but believe me, this state of Antium is very like 
 that town ' (Buthrotum) : namely, in retirement. 
 
 18. Vatinmm. This person was now tribune of the people, and 
 Caesar's instrument. Cicero heartily disliked him ; his speech against him, 
 which is extant, was spoken three years after this time. 
 
 19. Vigintiviris : the commissioners appointed by Caesar to estimate the 
 value of the land in Campania, which was to be divided, by his Agrarian law 
 passed this year, among 20,000 colonists. 
 
 20. Hie, hie nimirum •n-oXiTevTtov, ' this is the place for me to be 
 a politician in.' 
 
 21. Istic: at Rome. He was evidently out of spirits at his diminished 
 influence. Caesar was all powerful, and Pompeius and Crassus the year 
 before had joined Caesar in what was afterwards called the first triumvirate. 
 Caesar wished to gain Cicero over, but the latter was both too honest and 
 too proud to join him. 
 
 22. dv€K5oTa. Anecdotes after the manner of Theopompus. This 
 writer, who lived at the close of the fourth century B.C., was famous for the 
 bitterness of his invective. Cicero seems to have found relief, under his 
 disappointment and dejection, in writing severely of Roman statesmen. In 
 a letter to Atticus, written fifteen years after this date (14. 17. 6), he alludes 
 to a book with this title which he had nearly finished ; probably that which 
 he was now beginning. 
 
 23. ISTeque aliud . , . nisi, 'nor have I now any other public employ- 
 ment than,' &c. 
 
 28. Denarii. Quintus Cicero, now Propraetor of Asia, wished the 
 expense of his government to be paid in Roman coin, not in the ' cisto- 
 phorus,' an Asiatic coin, of which Pompeius had amassed great treasures in 
 Asia. The name of the coin is from its device, ' cista,' tne sacred chest of 
 Dionysus. 
 
 An cistoplioro . . . iaceamtis, ' or if we must languish on Pom- 
 peius' cistophorus.' 
 
 29. Mure. The wall between Cicero's 'palaestra ' or place of exercise 
 in his house on the Palatine and that of Quintus which adjoined, was out of
 
 Ep. 9. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. Ill 
 
 repair. In a former letter to Atticus (2. 4") he had said that it would deprive 
 him of his summer's exercise there to have it now rebuilt, but that he would 
 sacrifice this to spare Pomponia and her boy the alarm of its possibly 
 falling. 
 
 Aliud quid? . . . seiam, 'Is there anything else I had to say? 
 Yes. Let me know when you think of setting out on your journey.' 
 
 30. Istinc, from Rome to Epirus. 
 
 Ep. 9. I. Anicato. This person, with Numestius and Caecilius, had, no 
 doubt, been recommended to Cicero by Atticus. 
 
 4. "Varro. M. Terentius Varro, the great grammarian and antiquarian, 
 ■was one of the most learned of the ancient Romans, He was ten years 
 older than Cicero, and lived till the age of 89, narrowly escaping death in 
 the proscription of the second triumvirate when Cicero was murdered. He 
 wrote, by his own account, more than four hundred books, of which only 
 one, ' De Re Rustica,' has come down to us in a complete form. There are 
 eight letters of Cicero addressed to him, Fam. 9. 1-8. 
 
 Satis facit : both in general offices of friendship and in keeping 
 Pompeius on good terms with Cicero. Cicero meant this to reach Varro's 
 ears, as he tells Atticus afterwards, Att. 2. 25, ' ego mallem ad ipsum scrip- 
 sisses mihi ilium satisfacere, non quo fiiceret sed ut faceret ; ' ' not because he 
 was really doing what I wanted, but to make him do it ! ' 
 
 6. Pragmatici, ' practical men.' In its general sense ■trpayixariKos=^ 
 TrpaicriKus, but it was also specially applied to men of practical knowledge 
 in law, a class of quasi-attorneys. Cp. De Or. I. 45 ' Itaque ut apud Graecos 
 infimi homines, mercedula adducti, ministros se praebent in iudiciis oratori- 
 bus, ii qui apud illos irpajfiaTiKot vocantur ; sic in nostra civitate contra, 
 amplissimus quisque et clarissimus vir.' 
 
 II. Tractatur res, 'the affair is being managed.' The allusion is, 
 probably, to the design of Clodius to be elected tribune, in order to attack 
 Cicero, in which he succeeded. He sued for the tribunate in April of this 
 year (Att. 2. 12), and by Caesar's influence was elected, probably in July, 
 which was the season for the election of tribunes to enter on office in the 
 following December loth. The election day for the tribunes was July 17th 
 in the year 65 B.C. (Att. I. I ; Dio Cass. 38. 12; Abeken). 
 
 13. Amalthea. Cicero called the library of Atticus ' Amaltheum' from 
 the goat Amalthea, which suckled Jupiter. ' Rich in nourishment for the 
 mind,' is the idea. 
 
 16. aXXTfjYopiais : under changed names or expressions. The English 
 term allegory is only applicable to one class of these changes. The 
 Stuart papers supply an illustration from modern times. * S. Littleton 
 (Sir T. Sheridan) found Wright (Cardinal Tencin) in extreme bad hu- 
 mour at the proceedings of Adam (King Louis) and his fellow-lawyers 
 (ministers).' Prince Charles to his father, Lord Mahon's Hist., vol. iii. 
 App.
 
 Iia NOTES. Ep. lo. 
 
 19. Varietas nulla in re. He means that all agree in discontent with 
 everything. 
 
 21. Sine internecione. Cicero seems to have had cause to despair of 
 the constitution. Caesar was really master of Rome, and Pompeius and 
 Crassus were his tools. Early in the year he had carried his Agrarian law 
 against the opposition of the senate, in the popular assembly, having gained 
 over Vatinius the tribune with six of his colleagues. His law was skilfully 
 framed, containing a provision for redeeming public lands held by private 
 proprietors, with their consent according to Dio (38. l). The knights he 
 also gained by remitting one-third of their Asiatic contract, a measure which 
 Cicero had supported two years before, and which must have been for the 
 relief of the provinces, which otherwise would have suffered from their 
 extortions. Other measures of Caesar were the 'Lex Julia de pecuniis 
 repetundis,' for the protection of the provinces, and a ' Lex Judiciaria.* 
 All these measures seem to have been beneficial, as well as his enactment 
 that the debates in the senate should be published. 
 
 23. Edicta. Bibulus, who after suffering violence from the people for 
 opposing the Agrarian law, kept his house, and continued to issue edicts 
 (' Archilochia edicta' 2. 21) against Caesar's acts, but without avail. They 
 were as bitter as the satires of Archilochus. See Hor. A. P. 79- 
 
 25. Popularium: of the popular chiefs, namely, Caesar, Pompeius, and 
 Crassus. Cicero, however, probably overrated the discontent felt, or at least 
 its effect. 
 
 29. Ut accurras is to be construed in dependence on expeditus. 
 
 30, Et Purio. 'Ut' for 'et' seems a simple correction, indeed almost 
 a necessary one. The words will then mean ' as to my having said that I 
 would write to you under the name of Furius.' Cp. Att. 2. ig, sub fin. 
 
 33. Diodotus. A Stoic philosopher and friend of Cicero, who had a 
 high opinion of him, and in whose house he lived. Cicero studied the art of 
 reasoning with him. Fam. 13. 16; Brut. 90. 
 
 34. HS. fortasse centiens. 'Centiens' or ' centies (centena millia) 
 sestertiorum numniorum' = about 80,000/. 
 
 35. Archilochio. See 1. 23 note. 
 
 36. Libros. Atticus seems to have sent Cicero the poems of Alexander, 
 a writer on geography, by Vibius : after copying them out Cicero sent them 
 back. 
 
 Ep. 10. Clodius lost no time, after the new consuls, Piso and Gabinius, 
 entered on their ofTice (b.c. 58), in assailing Cicero. He first prepared the 
 way by several popular laws, and then moved a rogation that whoever had 
 put to death a Roman citizen without trial, should be outlawed. Cicero 
 vainly attempted to induce the consuls, and Pompeius, to help him : Caesar, 
 who was just about to march to his province, offered to take him as ' legatus,' 
 or, if he preferred, to make him one of the commissioners for dividing the 
 Campanian land. Cicero refused both offers : but fearing the effect of
 
 Ep. 10. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. II3 
 
 Clodius' proposal, withdrew, on the day it passed, to South Italy, and thence, 
 by Brundisium, to DyrrhMchium and Thessaionca. There are no letters of his 
 extant earlier than April Sth of this year, when he wrote to Atticus, in much 
 dejection, from Lucania. He left Rome about March 20th (Abeken : Merivale 
 s:iys the day cannot be so precisely fixed). This is the seventh letter written 
 during his exile. 
 
 4. Quod utinam. ' Quod ' before a conjunction denotes the con- 
 nection of the wish expressed with what precedes, according to Madv. 
 § 440- 
 
 6. Aliquam alicuius. The repetition expresses his despondency : 'any 
 hope of recovering any good at any time.' 
 
 12. M. Laenium Flaccum, Cicero has left two memorials of the 
 generosity of Flaccus ; oi:e in his speech ' Pro Plaiicio' 41, and another in that 
 ' Pro Sestio ' 63. He stayed again in the house of Flaccus in the year following, 
 on his return from exile. 
 
 14. Legis inprobissimae. The rogation of Clodius above mentioned 
 was carried afterwards with some alteration, and became a law, Cicero being 
 now mentioned by name and outlawed within four hundred Roman miles 
 from the city. It was penal in any one to shelter him within that distance. 
 'Velitis, iubeatis ut M. Tullio aqua et igni interdietum sitl' was the form 
 proposed, and to which the tribes assented. 
 
 17. Profecti sumus. Cicero had not set out when he wrote, but speaks 
 from the time when Terentia would have received the letter. So (Att. 8. 3) 
 ' Formias reverti ;' when he had not yet returned. The perfect expresses 
 that the act would be at once over. Petebamus which follows, is the 
 more ordinary epistolary tense, expressing what he was doing at the time of 
 writing, or thinking of doing. 
 
 18. Cyzicum. Cicero afterwards changed his mind, and did not go 
 farther than Thessalonica. 
 
 26. Matrimonio. Tullia was married to C. Calpurnius Piso, an upright 
 and honourable man. who died about the time of Cicero's return, which he 
 exerted himself to bring about. The allusion here is to part of Tullia's 
 dowry, still due to Piso. 
 
 27. Iste vero sit, ' How I wish he were,' etc. The optative use of the 
 conjunctive. ' Iste ' is used of some one just mentioned. Madv. § 486. 
 
 30. Sis spoliata. On the day Cicero left Rome, his house on the 
 Palatine was burned, his Tuscnlan villa plundered at once, and that at Formiae 
 afterwards. Terentia took refuge at the Temple of Vesta, where she had a 
 sister, Fabia ; but was dragged out of it to the public tribunal to be examined 
 about her husband's effects. Ep. 15. 16. 
 
 3 1 . De familia . . . oppido pauci, ' As to the manumission of the slaves 
 there is nothing to disturb you. In the first place, what was promised to 
 yours was that you would act towards them as each deserved. Now, except 
 Orpheus, there is none of them who shows at present much sense of duty. 
 
 I
 
 114 NOTES. Ep. II. 
 
 With regard to the others, the condition made is, that if my estate was con- 
 fiscated they should be my freedmen, if they could obtain permission; but if 
 they still belonged to me, they should continue in slavery, except a very 
 few.' That is, Cicero had not freed them at all, except in case he was vir- 
 tually compelled to, by the confiscation of his property. The words ' if they 
 could obtain permission' refer, according to Manutius, to the law of Clodius 
 by which Cicero was made an outlaw, and his property seized, including, of 
 course, his slaves. This proceeding seems, however, to have been an act of 
 violence, no proper part of the sentence, for he comp'ains (Pro Dom. 17) 
 that in his case the merciful rule was broken forbidding pecuniary fines iu 
 capital cases, 'ne poena capitis cum pecunia coniuugatur.' 
 
 34. Magno opere sc. in officio. 
 
 42. Tempestatem, 'the fine weather.' 
 
 44. Honestissime viximus. Cicero shows occasional gleams of 
 courage and endurance : but his letters in his exile give a vivid picture 
 of what a calamity it was to one whose interests were so centred in his 
 country. 
 
 50. Clodium. Clodius, Sallustius, and Pescennius were, no doubt, slaves 
 or freedmen. 
 
 !;3. Sicca was one of those generous friends who had received Cicero at 
 Vibo, near Bruttium (formerly Hippo, now Monte Leone). Att. 3. 2. Such 
 acts of kindness were not done without risk, and show the esteem and 
 afl^ection felt for the great orator. He has repaid them by immortalizing his 
 benefactors. 
 
 Ep. 11. I. Brundisium. This letter was written on the same day as 
 the last : it expresses similar despondency. 
 
 Veni. Cicero had not entered Brundisium ; the gardens of Laenius 
 Flaccus, in which he spent the following fortnight, being apparently outside 
 the walls : for he says (Pro Plane. 41) ' iirundisium veni, vel potius ad moenia 
 accessi. Urbem unam mihi amicissimam declinavi ... in hortos me M. 
 Laenii Flacci contuli.' The attachment shown him by so many friends, at 
 this crisis, speaks volumes in his favour. 
 
 8. Sed itineris . . . quadridiii, ' but to go there merely as a resting- 
 place on my journey, (the objections would be) first that it is out of the 
 way; next it is (only) four days' journey from Autronius and the others,' 
 etc. 
 
 Autronius was a friend of Catiline whom Cicero had helped to banish to 
 Achaia. In his speech Pro Plancio 41 he says : ' Cognovi refertam esse 
 Graeciam sccleratissimorum hominum ac nefariorum, quorum impium ferrum 
 ignesque pestiferos meus ille consulatus e manibus extorserat ; qui antequam 
 de meo adventu audire potuissent (cum tantum abessent aliquorum dierum 
 viam) in Macedoniam ad Planciumque perrexi.' 
 
 Before ' quadridui,' the word ' iter ' or ' spatium ' is understood. Cicero 
 uses the full form, Fam, 10. 17 ' bidui spatio abest;' 12. 15 'quadridui iter
 
 Ep. 12. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. II5 
 
 afuijse.' But, Att. 5. 16, as here: 'Nos in castra properamus, quae aberant 
 bidui.' Measure of distance is expressed in Latin by the accusative or abla- 
 tive, not the genitive. Madv. § 234. 
 
 12. Ath.enas. 'Achaiam' has been proposed by Schiitz and other 
 editors for the common reading ' Athenas,' on the ground that Athens could 
 not be called a town (' oppidum '), and that Cicero could not have been afraid 
 that it was not far enough from Rome, since Thessalonica, where he actually 
 stayed, was nearer. But, as Hofmann remarks, ' oppidum ' is frequently 
 used of Athens and of Rome by Cornelius Nepos and Livy : and Cicero did 
 not now intend to remain at Thessalonica out to go on to Cyzicus, being 
 afterwards kept at Thessalonica by the kindness of Plancus. And as no 
 MSS. read ' Achaiam,' it seems unreasonable to change the common reading 
 'Athenas.' 
 
 13. Cadebat : ' cado ' here equals its compound * accido,' ' to fall out.' 
 19. Spes ea, viz. of his speedy return. ' Haec mihi proficiscenti non 
 
 proponebantur : sed saepe triduo sunmia cum gloria dicebar esse rediturus.' 
 CL Fr. I. 4. 
 
 22. Invidorum. He alludes, perhaps, to Hortensius, whom he suspected, 
 though it seems unjustly, of injuring him. 
 
 26. Eeliqua tempora. The sense is not clear, but he seems to mean 
 that all he can look for from the days that are coming, is, not any allevia- 
 tion of his grief, but only the conclusion of it by death. 
 
 31. Consequere, 'will overtake me.' Ep. 37. 14 'Si statim navigas 
 nos Leucade consequere.' 
 
 Nam aut accedemus in Epirtim, ' for we shall either be entering 
 Epirus.' He had not quite decided against accepting Atticus' invitation, 
 though in the end he sailed immediately afterwards for Dyrrhachium in 
 Macedonia, and did pass through Candavia, which was a mountainous tract 
 in Illyria, through which the road led from Dyrrhachium to Thessalonica. 
 Lucan 6. 331 ' Qua vastos aperit Candavia saltus.' 
 
 38. Htiius generis facultatem : my power of writing letters. 
 
 Ep. 12. Cicero had arrived at Thessalonica on the 23rd of May : he 
 had sent a messenger to Athens to meet his brother, who was on his way 
 home from his province, requesting him to join him at Thessalonica ; but he 
 had changed his mind, wishing Quintus to hasten to Rome, and not being in 
 spirits to see him. Att. 3. 8 and 9. 
 
 3. Ego tibi irascerer? tibi ego, etc.? Observe the position of the 
 pronouns, the change in which brings out the emphasis. The use of the 
 subjunctive shows that the question must be answered in the negative. See 
 Madv. § 353. 
 
 4. Scilicet. Ironical. ' Indeed ! for it is you that have dealt me this 
 blow, your enemies (forsooth), and your unpopularity have ruined me, and 
 it is not I who have miserably destroyed you I ' Ter. Andr. 1, i. 11 ' Meura 
 natum rumor est amare. Id populus cfirat scilicet I' 
 
 I 2
 
 Il6 NOTES. Ep. 12. 
 
 13. Proficiscens, to his propraetorship in Asia, from which Quintus 
 was now returning. 
 
 15. irtinam te . . . reliqmssera, 'would that (by dying honourably) 
 I had left you my survivor not only in respect of life, but of reputation also ;' 
 that is, would that I had so died as to leave you an honourable name to inherit. 
 
 19. Bepositam : equivalent to ' sepositam.' The particle 're' here 
 means ' drawn back,' and so 'laid up.' Virg. Aen. I. 30 ' Manet alta mente 
 repostum Judicium Paridis.' Cp. Gen. 44, 30 * Seeing that his life is 
 bound up in the lad's life.' 
 
 38. Occideret, 'that my voice, above all, should be silenced,' or 'fail.' 
 ' Occido ' often means to ' vanish,' ' cease to exist.' Lucret. I. 7S8 ' Causa 
 occidit.' 
 
 Cicero often advised his brother in delicate domestic matters, especially 
 with respect to his wife Pomponia, who had been on bad terms with her 
 husband. Ep. 29. 
 
 Alienissimis, to those who had no sort of connection with me. 
 'Alienus' is the opposite of ' propinquus.' He refers to all those persons 
 whom he had assisted by his advocacy. 
 
 68. In hac vita, ' in life as it is now,' under present conditions. 
 
 77. Genere ipso pecuniae, ' even in the kind of wealth which I had.' 
 For he had not become rich by dishonourable practices, but by his industry 
 and the inheritances left him, which were proofs of esteem. 
 
 81. De permutatione. ' Permutatio ' means the sale of property, to 
 raise money : and also, the paying or receiving money by bills of exchange. 
 Cicero may refer to a plan of Quintus of either kind ; but the words do not 
 enable us to determine which. 
 
 85. Acceptam ex aerario : money paid to Cicero for his brother's 
 expenses as Propraetor. He had spent this, doubtless, in bribes. 
 
 86. M. Antonio. Antonius and Caepio must have had claims on 
 Quintus Cicero, which his brother had satisfied. 
 
 The wounded feeling and despondency which this letter expresses, like 
 others of this period, are certainly very unlike what we might expect from a 
 great Roman. But the ancient character, with all its strength, was less 
 reserved in expression, perhaps more excitable, than the modem. Few 
 Englishmen, at least, would, under any calamity, express themselves as 
 Cicero does. This was partly due, no doubt, to his wonderful gift of 
 language, but partly to that impressibility of feeling which was at once his 
 weakness and his strength. 
 
 89. Molestiae, alluding, Ernesti thinks, to pecuniary troubles. 
 
 90. Calidium. M. Calidius was an eminent orator, and when praetor, 
 next year, brought forward the law for Cicero's return. 
 
 Hortensio. This charge seems to have been a mistake on Cicero's 
 part. He afterwards spoke of Hortensius with esteem, when he aied. 
 Brut. I. I.
 
 Ep. 13. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. llj 
 
 97. Versus qiii in te erat conlatus, ' which was ascribed to you.' 
 Pro Plane. 14 ' Permulta in Plancium quae ab eo numquam dicta sunt con- 
 feruntur.' Ibid. ' Stomacher vero quum aliorum non me digaa in me 
 conferuntur.' 
 
 Quintus Cicero seems to have been accused of having satirized the 
 Aurelian law, but nothing is known which throws any light on this allusion. 
 The well-known Aurelian law (b. c. 70) enacted that the ' judices' should be 
 chosen from the senators, knights, and ' tribuni aerarii.' 
 
 100. Tua salus : his escape from the charge of extortion, for which he 
 was threatened with accusation. 
 
 110. Ita mihi . . . scribere, 'may some safety, etc. be granted me, 
 as it is true that I cannot for tears write more.' 
 
 Ep. 13. I. In Epiro. Cicero had intended, if he heard from Rome 
 that his recall might be at once expected, to go to Buthrotum and meet 
 Atticus at the house of the latter. But not hearing from Atticus, as he had 
 hoped, he now meant to go to Cyzicus. This intention he did not carry out. 
 
 5. Secundum comitia: immediately after the election of consuls, 
 which took place in July. ' Secundum,' ' next to,' ' close by,' is used of 
 space and time. ' Duo vulnera accepisse, unum in stomacho, alterum in 
 capite, secundum aurem ' Fam. 4. 12. 
 
 Pompeius had intimated that he would use his influence that the decree for 
 Cicero's recall might be proposed after this election. This was done by the 
 tribunes on the 29th of October (Att. 3. 23), but the law was not then 
 carried. The consuls chosen for the year 57 B.C. were Q. Metellus Nepos 
 and P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, of whom the latter was a friend of 
 Cicero, and the former, through the influence of Pompeius and Atticus, 
 took the same side. 
 
 7. Proinde . . . nihil esse, ' I shall take it as if you had written that 
 nothing was done.' ' Proinde ' is equivalent to ' perinde.' 
 
 8. Neque temporis , . . feram, ' nor shall I regret that I was led 
 away by the hope of (my return happening at) no distant time.' 
 
 9. Quem. autem motum. He elsewhere (Q^ Fr. 1. 4) alludes to some 
 movements in the city which might be favourable to him, but not distinctly 
 enough to explain what they were, which indeed he seems not to have 
 known himself. 
 
 11. In tribunis plebis designatis. Among these were Sestius, an 
 active friend of Cicero, Milo (the enemy of Clodius), Fabricius and Fadius, 
 both of whom exerted themselves for him. 
 
 12. Q,uam. si exspectaro, 'and if I wait for this;' i.e. by not 
 encouraging myself to hope before. 
 
 13. Accusas ctir, a mixture of ' accusas quod,' and ' rogas cur.' Cp. 
 • Repeto me correptum ab eo cur ambularem.' Plin. Ep. 3.5,16, quoted by Boot. 
 
 1 7. Atque utinam . . . fuisset, ' and 1 wish it had been as much 
 so in the time of my danger.'
 
 Il8 NOTES. Ep. 14. 
 
 19. Inimieissimis. He may allude to Pompeius who had treated him 
 badly, or to Hortensius. 
 
 21. Abuterentur; 'abutor' does not always mean 'misuse,' and is 
 therefore applicable to ' scelus.' 
 
 Ep. 14. 7. Me tarn firma . . . habere, ' that I have no object on 
 which, and no companions with whom, I can employ my mind, sound as it 
 is.' ' Ubi ' is not always used of place or time. Tusc, D. 5. 8 ' Est ubi 
 id isto modo valeat.' 
 
 13. Ne rescindam ipse dolorem, ' that I may not myself tear open 
 my wound.' So 'manus afferre vulneribus' is used below. 
 
 18. Desidero . . . me ipsum. He has to lament the loss not only of 
 his property and family, but of his former self. 
 
 27. In senatu rem : the discussion about his recall. 
 
 28. Illam orationem.. Cicero was much disturbed, as appears in a 
 former letter to Atticus (3. 12), by the publication of a speech of his, 
 inveighing bitterly against Clodius and Curio, for the latter, though a friend 
 of Cicero, had spoken in favour of Clodius on his trial. Fragments of this 
 speech remain, but the parts in which Curio was attacked must have been 
 inserted after its delivery in the senate, to which Quintilian alludes (5. 10). 
 For in his former letter to Atticus Cicero had suggested that as it was 
 written in a more negligent style than was usual with him, it might be made 
 out not to be his. Att. 3. 12. This Curio was the father of the one who 
 afterwards took Caesar's part in the civil war. He had led the Roman 
 armies to the Danube, subdued the Dardanians, and had some celebrity as 
 an orator. He was an enemy of Caesar, and in spite of his support of 
 Clodius, continued to be a friend of Cicero. He seems to have spoken now 
 without alluding to the obnoxious speech. 
 
 29. Unde sit prolata, ' by whom it was published.' 
 
 Axius, a senator, and friend of Cicero (Att. 4. 15). Many letters 
 passed between them, which are lost. 
 
 30. At potest . . . scripsisti, ' but it is possible that Axius may omit 
 something (to Curio's praise) in his report : I am sure that you have written 
 nothing but the truth.' 
 
 32. Exspectationem Caesaris. Caesar, however, did not return to 
 Rome till more than eight years after this time. He spent this winter of 
 58 B.C. in Cisalpine Gaul. 
 
 37. Parum. antea luxerimt, ' were somewhat slack, before.' 
 
 In the following passage Cicero finds fault rather peevishly, though affec- 
 tionately with Atticus, for not having given him advice instead of sympathy. 
 Atticus should have encouraged him not to be downcast at Pompeius' desert- 
 ing him. It seems probable however that to retire from Rome was, at the 
 time, the only way of saving his life. 
 
 43. Amare deberes et debuisses. This does not seem to give much 
 sense. ' Amorem re exhibuisses ' is said to have been the reading of other
 
 Ep. 14. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. IT9 
 
 MSS. This would make sense. The text as it stands seems to say that 
 if Atticus had acted from obligation towards Cicero instead of mere affection, 
 he would have done more than he had now done. 
 
 45. De collegiis. Clcdius, on being made tribune, enacted several laws 
 intended to gain the favour of the people. Among them was one which 
 removed the prohibition of trades-unions, which were easily turned to pur- 
 poses of political agitation, and had been forbidden by a decree of the senate. 
 ' Collegia, non solum ea quse senatus sustulerat, sed innunierabilia quaedani 
 nova ex omni faece urbis ac servitio (concitata) ' in Pis. 4. ' Servorum de- 
 lectus habebatur, nomine collegiorum, cum vicatim homines conscriberentur, 
 decuriarentur, ad vim, ad manus, ad caedem, ad direptionem incitarentur* 
 Pro Sest. 15. It appears from this letter that Cicero had imagined that 
 this measure might be of service to himself. 
 
 47. Quod erat amoris, ' the natural result of affection.' 
 Tamquam ipse ego, sc. ' praebui.' 
 
 Quod meritis meis perfectum oportuit, ' what ought to have 
 been done on the ground of my services to you.' On the constr. ' perfectum 
 oportuit ' cp. Madv. 407. i. 
 
 51. Pompeii. Cicero went, before his exile, to the house of Pompeius, 
 and threw himself at his feet. The coldness of the great commander made 
 a lasting impression on him, for he alludes to it, nine years later, in a letter 
 to Atticus (10. 4): 'Is qui nos sibi ad pedes stratos ne sublevabat quidem.' 
 Plutarch says that Pompeius slipped out at a back door to avoid seeing him. 
 He did not dare to move hand or foot without Caesar's permission ; and it 
 was Caesar's policy, at present, to humiliate Cicero. 
 
 57- Tuo ipsius benefieio. He seems to mean that Atticus' affection 
 for him will be increased by the consciousness of having been of service to 
 him in promoting his recall. 
 
 58. Culleone. Q. Terentius Culleo was one of the tribunes for 59-58 
 B.C., and also one of the ' pontifices minores.' 
 
 De privilegio. The laws of the twelve tables forbade enactments 
 concerning individuals. Culleo probably proposed that Cicero should simply 
 disregard the law of Clodius on this ground, and should be recalled by a 
 decree of the senate ; but Cicero thinks it safer that Clodius' law should be 
 directly repealed. 
 
 59. Si enim . . . intercedet, ' for if no one hinders (its repeal), what 
 can be safer ? but if there is any one (he means any of the tribunes) who 
 prevents the repeal passing, the same person will put his veto on the decree 
 of the senate.' For if the law of Clodius was informal, as Culleo suggested, 
 a mere decree of the senate could recall Cicero : otherwise, it would require 
 a regular vote of the people. 
 
 62. Prior lex. Clodius had passed tvi^o laws : the first had merely con- 
 demned in general terms any one who had sentenced a Roman citizen with- 
 out trial : ' qui nece civem Romanum indenuiatura interemisset, ei aqua et
 
 120 NOTES. Ep. 15. 
 
 igni interdiceretur ' Veil. P. 2. 45. The second law had pointed at Cicero 
 expressly by name, but he had yielded at once on the first being proposed. 
 Afterwards he regretted this, and wished he had disregarded the law, as not 
 applying to him. 
 
 65. Sed etiam, ' nay more.* ' Fortasse ante sed exciderunt verba nee 
 solum defuit.' Baiter. Boot quotes instances to show that this conjecture 
 is unnecessary. 
 
 67. Nisi nominatim. The very admission implied in his change of 
 dress and petition to the people was dangerous, as he had not yet been named. 
 
 68. Pergo praeterita, sc. commemorare : ' I am continually recurring 
 to the past.' Brut. 74 ' Perge, Pomponi, de Caesare.' 
 
 69. Legem illaiu: the general law against punishing uncondemned ' 
 persons. Cicero is anxious that his friends should not assail this, as there 
 was much in its favour, but the second law. 
 
 74. Quoddam caput . . . liceret, 'that Clodius had fixed on the door 
 of the senate-house a clause of the law, (to the etfect that) no debate or 
 speech might be made upon it.' ' Refero ' was used of the magistrate who 
 stated the subject of debate. 
 
 83. Acta Kalendis Sextilibus, • the reports of the debate in the 
 senate on the 1st of August.' Caesar, the year before, in his consulship, had 
 passed a law, requiring these to be published. 
 
 q8. Si tuam fldem accusarem. He explains that he does not doubt 
 the sincerity and friendship of Atticus, but the amount of his afl'ection, 
 which nn'ght have suggested a wiser course. But the complaint seems 
 somewhat unreasonable : allowance must be made for Cicero's excitable 
 temperament, easily depressed and easily elated. 
 
 103. Non subisses, 'you would have been spared undergoing.' 
 
 105. Esse aliqiiem. Cp. 1. 58 ' est aliquid.' 
 
 Ep. 15. I. Woli putare. Terentia may have heard of Cicero writing 
 more to others than to herself, and felt distressed at it. 
 
 7. Tiixiidi, a change to the plural to intimate that others were to blame 
 for his cowardice. 
 
 9. In novis tribunis. See Ep. 13. 11 note. 
 
 15. OfRciosus, ready to discharge ' officia ' duties of friendship. 
 
 16. Ad tabulam Valeriana. See on Ep. 10. 30. What the 'tabula 
 Valeria' was is not certain. There was a picture of a naval battle in which 
 M.Valerius Messala had defeated Hiero (B.C. 264) hung up on the wall of 
 the Curia Hostilia. Pliny says that this gave the Romans a taste for 
 pictures (N. H. 35). Perhaps near it was either a tribunal for administering 
 justice, or (as some editors suppose) an office for money transactions. From 
 an allusion in the speech In Vatin. 9, the former seems the more likely. 
 
 21. Hoc est de area. For on the day he went into exile, his house on 
 the Palatine was burned, so nothing but the site was left. 
 
 23. Quae impensa . . . venire, ' that whatever expense has to be in-
 
 Ep. 17. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 121 
 
 curred falls partly on you, unhappy that you are, and robbed of your pro- 
 perty.' Terentia had some private property. ' Venire in partem ' is equi- 
 valent to ' participem fieri.' ' In partem mulieres vocatae s\mt ' Pro Caec. 4. 
 
 24. Quod si conficitur negotium, 'if the matter is finished well:' 
 that is, his recall and the restitution of his property. 
 
 25. Sin eadem . . . premet, ' but if my fortune continues to be so bad.* 
 
 26. Reliquias tuas, the remains of Terentia's property. 
 
 30. Excipere : lit. ' to catch,' so, to take them up before they fall on 
 me, or instead of me. 
 
 Ep. 16. II. Eos non sequebar : he perhaps alludes particularly to 
 Caesar, who had offered him a ' legatio ' in his army. 
 
 18. Lentulum, the consul elect. 
 
 20. De fainilia. See Ep. 10. 31. It does not appear what advice his 
 friends had given. 
 
 21. De loco. Terentia was afraid that Thessalonica was pestilential. 
 
 22. Plancius, Quaestor of Macedonia. Cicero was always grateful to 
 him for his kindness, which he afterwards repaid by defending him in the 
 oration known as ' Pro Plancio.' 
 
 24. Hispo. Piso, Caesar's father-in-law, consul of the year now ending, 
 and Cicero's enemy, 'vas coming into Macedonia as proconsul. The Me- 
 dicean reading ' ipso' points either to ' Hispo' adopted by Baiter, a pseudo- 
 nym for Piso, or to ' ipse,' also referring to Piso. This L. Piso was a con- 
 nection of C. Calpurnius Piso Cicero's son-in-law mentioned below 1. 29 
 Pisonis h.umanitas. 
 
 33. Tain pauci. Terentia had hardly any really near and trustworthy 
 relations. 
 
 34. Egi, sc. ' gratias,' by writing to them. 
 
 35. Vicum, ' the street,' or ' block of houses :' some property of Terentia. 
 42. Cui si . . . consequatur. He means that if they can preserve 
 
 some fortune for their son, he will then only require moderate luck and 
 abilities for success in life. 
 
 46. Brevis exspectatio, ' in any case I have a short time to wait.' 
 For this letter was written Nov. 27th, B.C. 58; and the new consuls would 
 enter on their office at the beginning of the following year, the tribunes 
 in December of the current year. 
 
 47. Dyrrliacliii. He may have begun this letter at Thessalonica and 
 finished it at Dyrrhachium, as he speaks above of Plancius wishing to keep him. 
 
 49. Libera eivitas : so that he could reside there more sately than 
 in a Roman colony. 
 
 50. Loci celebritas, ' the number of people in the place.' Until he 
 knew the issue of the proposal to recall him, he was still in danger, being 
 within the forbidden limits of distance from Rome. 
 
 Ep. 17. On the first day of the year 57 B.c the consul Lentulus Spinther 
 brought forward in the senate a proposal for Cicero's return. Although
 
 12:j NOTES. Ep. 17. 
 
 agreed to unanimotisly, yet by the stratagems and violence of Clodiiis it was 
 hindered from passing in the assembly of the people, and it was not till 
 August 4th that Cicero was recalled by a decree of the centuries, voters 
 flocking from all parts of Italy at the express invitation of the senate. 
 Cicero left Dyrrhachium on the same day, being doubtless informed how 
 things were likely to go, and after staying for some weeks in the house of 
 Laenius Flaccus, who had received him on his journey into exile, he arrived 
 in Rome on September 4th. The following letter was written very soon 
 after. His speeches. In Pison. 22, and Pro Sext. 60, contain an account 
 of the circumstances of his reception. 
 
 7. Eundemque te . . fuisses, ' Yet that you had been bitterly distressed 
 at my departure, though at first you had been a partaker in my error, or rather 
 insanity, and had shared in my groundless fear.' Whether Cicero had any 
 ground at all for thinking Atticus remiss, or mistaken, in advising his retreat, 
 we can hardly judge: but his complaint seems rather ungracious. For this 
 use of ' idem ' see Madv. § 488. 
 
 13. Defuisse. Atticus was now in Epirus. It has been supposed from 
 this language that they had never met since Cicero left Rome, but he had 
 certainly hoped to see Atticus at the beginning of the year. Att. 3. 25. 
 
 17. Quod. 'Id quod' would have been clearer. It refers not to in 
 nostro statu, but to splendorem . . . consecuti sumus. 
 
 27. Pridie Nonas Sextiles. August 4th, 57 B.C. So that Cicero had 
 been absent from Italy fifteen months, as he left it on the first of May the 
 preceding year. Ep. 10. He was absent from Rome about eighteen months. 
 
 31. Tuae vicinao Salutis, 'the temple of Salus close to you,' i.e. close 
 to Atticus' house on the Quirinal. 
 
 37. Ornatus, ' furnished with all I required,' i.e. for the journey. 
 
 39. Womenclatori : a slave whose business it was to know and tell his 
 master the names of persons who were to be met in Rome. A good nomen- 
 clator would know by sight every person of any consideration. 
 
 48. Eo biduo, ' in two days from that time.' Cp. ' in hoc triduo ' Plant. 
 Pers. 1. I. 37, in three days from this time. 
 
 54. Decernerem. ' Decerno,' which is usually said of the action of the 
 whole senate, is here applied to the vote of an individual member. 
 
 56. Messallam et Afranium. Messalla had been consul b.c. 61, and 
 Afranius B.C. 60. The latter was a devoted adherent of Pompey. 
 
 60. In meo nomine recitando, ' as my name was read out.' 
 
 62. Dederunt, ' agreed in giving me leave to make an address to the 
 people.' The 'contio' differed from the comitia inasmuch as those who 
 met in it were not competent to vote on the question in hand, but merely 
 listened to the magistrate by whom it had been summoned, and such speak- 
 ers as he chose to introduce. See Smith, Diet. Ant., art. Concio. Observe 
 that the word means originally the ' assembly,' and, secondly, the ' speech' 
 delivered thereat.
 
 Ep. i8. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 23 
 
 74. Domo nostra : Cicero's house on the Palatine destroyed during his 
 exile. Clodius dedicated the site to ' Liberty.' 
 
 75. Si sustulerint religionem, ' if they shall have taken away the 
 religious obligation,' i.e. the obligation not to use the site for secular pur- 
 poses, in consequence of its dedication by Clodius. 
 
 76. Superficiem : the (original) building, as opposed to the site, 'solum.' 
 
 77. Sin aliter: if the pontiffs decide that the dedication cannot be annulled. 
 
 Demolientur : the consuls will pull down Clodius' building, con- 
 tract for a new temple in their own name, and estimate the whole value of 
 my losses, i.e. not only that of the ' superficies,' but also that of the ' solum.' 
 He would thus be able to buy a new site with the damages allowed him. 
 
 83. Matures venire. Obs. ' maturo ' taking the infinitive in imitation 
 of its synonym ' propero.' 
 
 Ep. 18. L. Lucceius was now writing his history of Rome beginning with 
 the Social or Marsic war. He had seen something of public life, having 
 been the accuser of Catiline (b.c. 63), and a candidate, though unsuccessful, 
 for the consulship with J. Caesar (b.c. 60). In the civil war afterwards he 
 attached himself to Pompeius and was one of his advisers. (Att. 9. i.) 
 He was pardoned by Caesar, and thenceforward lived at Rome. There are 
 some interesting letters on the occasion of TuUia's death, which passed 
 between him and Cicero. (Epp. 59, 60.) Cicero took much pains with 
 the composition of the present letter, which was so far successful in its- 
 object that Lucceius promised to do as he was asked. See Att. 4. 7 ' Epi- 
 stolam Lucceio nunc quam misi (qua, meas res ut scribat, rogo) fac ut ab eo 
 sumas : valde bella est : eumque ut approperet adhorteris : et quod mihi se 
 ita facturum rescripsit agas gratias.' 
 
 10. Vel cepit, vel incendit, ' and has so captivated, or rather kindled 
 me (with admiration), that ' &c. 
 
 12. Conimemoratio posteritatis, 'the mention which posterity will 
 make of me.' This Cicero hoped would be increased by the work of 
 Lucceius. But it was probably never written in the form Cicero wished, 
 and in any case does not exist, and what is known of Lucceius himself is 
 known through Cicero. 
 
 15. Haec cum scribebam : epistolary tense. 
 
 21. Callisthenes, the companion of Alexander, wrote ten books called 
 Ilellenica, containing a history of Greece from B.C. 387-357, and an account 
 of Alexander's exploits. He was a rhetorical writer. (De Or. 2. 14.) 
 
 22. Timaeus, son of Andromachus 'tyrant' of Tauronienium in Sicily, 
 wrote a history of Sicily to the first Punic war, and, besides this and 
 other works, a particular treatise on the campaign of Pyrrhus. Only frag- 
 ments of these remain. He is mentioned with much praise by Cicero (De 
 Or. 2. 14) as a learned and eloquent writer. He died, aged 96, B c. 256. 
 
 The separate work of PoJybius ou the Numantine war is not mentioned 
 elsewhere.
 
 124 NOTES. Ep. i8. 
 
 25. Seiungeres Equidem. The text, which is an emendation of the 
 Medicean reading, ' seiungere se quideni ' has been confirmed by the Tours 
 MSS. described by M. Thurot, and referred to in the Introduction. 
 
 28. Ac has here an adversative force. Cp. IVIadv. 433, ' Ac puts forward 
 the second member somewhat more forcibly in comparison with the first.' 
 
 Arripere : ' to grasp at once that whole subject and period.' The 
 word implies haste or eagerness. 
 
 40. A qua, ' bv which;' 'gratia' being personified, and therefore re- 
 quiring a preposition for its relative ' qua.' 
 
 41. Xenophontium, 'described by Xenophon,' Mem. 2. I. Socrates 
 quotes the myth as invented by Prodicus. 
 
 43. Amorique nostro plusculum, &c. This sentence has been much 
 remarked on as exhibiting Cicero's vanity and want of truth. 
 
 48. Et ilia . . . scientia, ' you will both be able to use that knowledge, 
 which you possess, of political changes.' 
 
 51. Exponendis rationibus, 'in detailed arguments;' literally, 'by 
 setting forth your reasons.' 
 
 69. Ttieinistocli fuga redituque. But Themistocles died at Magnesia 
 in exile. Cicero would hardly speak thus of the removal of his remains to 
 Attica ; but either ' interitu ' may be the right reading here, or, as Schtitz 
 conjectures, there may be an omission, and the sentence may have run : 
 ' Themistocli exsilio aut Alcibiadis fuga, redituque.' 
 
 Etenim ordo ipse. The force of the sentence is in the word ' me- 
 diocriter,' as opposed to ' jucundissima voluptate.' 'For the regular chro- 
 nicle of events by itself interests us only slightly, by giving as it were a mere 
 list of public occurrences,' i.e. it is no better than an almanac. The 'fasti' 
 were the registers of Roman magistrates, with brief notices of the principal 
 events of the year, the feasts, &c. 
 
 74. Quo mihi . . , nostrorum, ' therefore it will be more gratifying 
 to me, if you adopt the plan of separating from your continuous work, in 
 which you embrace an uninterrupted history of events, this drama, as I 
 may call it, of my own acts and of the matters that I have been concerned 
 with.' So, too, ' perpetua oratio ' is ' a continued speech,' opposed to one 
 which is interrupted. Att. i. 16 'Clodium praesentem fregi cum oratione 
 perpetua tum altercatione.' 
 
 79. Ac non . . . demonstrem, ' I am not afraid of seeming to lay a 
 trap for your favour by flattering you in stating plainly that ' &c. 
 
 90. Ignotis, in rare active sense. Cp. Phaedr, 1. 11, 2 ' Ignotos fallit, 
 notis est derisui.' 
 
 92. Perhibendus. The gerundive seems here to be used adjectivally = 
 'clarus ' 
 
 94. In eo genere laborarunt, ' took pains in that respect,' i.e. in 
 getting statues or pictures made of themselves. 
 
 99. Suppeditatum, ' lavished on me.'
 
 Ep. 19. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. I25 
 
 103. Ut mihi, etc., ' so that not only the celebrity, which Alexandei 
 said had been given to Achilles by Homer, but also the weighty tesii- 
 niony of a great and illustrious man, may appear to be bestowed on me.' 
 For Lucceius himself had been engaged in public affairs. 
 
 107. Naevianus, as Naevius represents him in one of his tragedies. 
 
 III. Scribam ipse. Cicero had already written in Greek an account of 
 his consulship, which he had published, and a poem on it. He had also asked 
 Posidonius of Rhodes to write on the same subject (Att. 2. i), and seems to 
 have begun a similar work in Latin (i. 19), which perhaps he had laid aside. 
 
 122. Si recipis causam, almost a technical expression. Cp. Verr. 
 2, 2. I ' Recepi enini causam Siciliae.' 
 
 132. Conficiam commentarios, ' I will put together notes.' 
 
 133. Won. cessabis. The future used for the imperative, to express a 
 strong conviction that the request would be complied with. Madv. 
 § .^S4.0bs. 
 
 Ep. 19. I. PuteoHs . . . regno. Much interest had been excited at 
 Rome, two years before this, by the question whether Ptolemy Auletes, 
 who had been driven by his subjects from Egypt, should be restored I y the 
 Romans. He had been admitted into alliance and friendship with them in 
 Caesar's consulship, B.C. 59 (Caes. de B. C. 107), and had before aided 
 Pompey in his war in Judaea, B.C. 63. A decree of the senate was made, 
 B.C. 57, that the consuls should draw lots for the province of Cilicia, arid 
 that the one to whom it fell should restore Ptolemy. It fell to Lentulus, 
 but before he had gone to his province, C. Cato the tribune produced a 
 verse from the Sibylline oracles forbidding the king to be restored ' with a 
 multitude.' Upon this a second decree was made, on the motion of the 
 consul Marcellinus, B.C. 56, that the oracle should be obeyed and the king 
 should not be restored ' with a multitude.' A third decree, that he should 
 not be restored at all, would have been passed, but for the veto of a tribune, 
 and the matter had thus remained in abeyance. Cicero, who wished to 
 oblige Lentulus in return for his exertions in recalling him from exile, was at 
 the same time anxious not to oflend Pompeius, who was supposed to wish 
 for the charge himself. With the consent of Pompeius he had however ad- 
 vised Lentulus to land Ptolemy in Egypt, and then to reconcile his subjects 
 to him, if possible, accompanied by his army, but not using force. But he 
 was evidently undecided in his counsel, and fearful of the consequences, the 
 senate having declared itself opposed to the restoration. Nothing seems to 
 have been actually done till the present year, when Gabinius, proconsul of 
 Syria, being promised a large sum of money by Ptolemy, undertook the ex- 
 pedition and forcibly re-instated him. The bad character of the king leads 
 to the inference that the senate was right in refusing to force him upon his 
 subjects. Gabinius was recalled, and tried for his defiance of the oracle and 
 of the senate : and though acquitted on this charge, he was condemned 
 on a second, for 'receiving money from Ptolemy. Cicero, at the request
 
 126 NOTES. Ep. 20. 
 
 of Pompeius, reluctantly defended Gabinius, much to his own discredit, in 
 the last case. 
 
 1. Puteolis. Cicero wrote this from his house at Cumae, a few miles 
 from Puteoli, whither the report had just arrived from the East, perhaps. 
 
 2. Bibliotlieca Pausti. F. Cornelius Sulla, son of the dictator, killed 
 after the battle of Thapsus, B.C. 46, probably with Caesar's connivance. 
 
 3. His rebus Puteolanis et Lucrinensibus, namely fish and oysters, 
 5. Propter rem publicam. Cicero's despondency about public matters 
 
 was well grounded, for the violent interruption of the consular elections by 
 Pompeius' and Crassus' connivance showed that the constitution was really 
 at an end. 
 
 8. Istorum, Pompeius and Crassus, now consuls. 
 
 Cum eo, quocum, namely Pompeius, whom Cicero saw no means 
 of resisting. 
 
 10. Nostram ambulationeni. He passes to the building of his house 
 on the Palatine, which he requests Atticus to overlook. 
 
 11. Laeonieuni: a vapour bath, so called because the Lacedaemonians 
 used it in their gymnasia. Dion C. 53, 27. 
 
 Cyrea : the work of Cyrus, his architect. 
 
 12. Plulotimvun, Cicero's freedman, who had charge of the work. 
 (Att. 2. 4.) 
 
 13. Tibi . . . respondere, 'to be iA some degree as well off as you 
 are in those respects.' ' Respondere,' ' to correspond.' 
 
 14. Cumanimi. Pompeius had a villa near Cumae, adjoining Cicero's. 
 Parilibus. On the 21st of April, the birthday of Rome. Ov. Fast. 4. 
 
 806. Also called Palilia, in honour of Pales, the goddess of shepherds. 
 
 Ep. 20. Nothing more is known of M. Marius, to whom this letter is 
 addressed, than can be gathered from it and four others, in one of which, 
 addressed to his brother Quintus (Q^ Fr. 2. 10), Cicero says of him, ' Marius 
 et valetudine est et natura imbecillior.' He had an estate near Cicero's villa 
 at Pompeii. 
 
 Pompeius exhibited the games referred to in this letter in his second 
 consulship (b.c. 55), to which he had been chosen after a tumultuous year, 
 during which year, with Caesar and Crassus, he had obstructed the regular 
 election. 
 
 7. Modo ut tibi constiterit, ' if only you have had some real enjoyment 
 of your leisure.' ' Modo ut ' has the sense ' supposing that,' which might 
 have been expressed by ' modo ' alone. 
 
 10. Ex quo tibi Stabianuni perforasti, ' from the windows of 
 which you see your Stabian estate ;' i.e. ' perl'oratis fenestris videre potes.' 
 Stabiae was a town south of Pompeii, which had been destroyed in the Social 
 war ; on its site were now villas. 
 
 11. Misenum. This reading is adopted from Lambinus as a correction 
 of ' senum,' the Medicean reading.
 
 Ep. 20. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 127 
 
 12. Cum illi . . . semisomni, ' while meantime those who had left you 
 there were looking, half-awake, at common buffoons.' ' Semisomni,' either 
 from want of interest in the poor spectacle, or because the hour was early. 
 
 16. Sp. Maecius Tarpa was employed by Pompeius to select the plays 
 to be acted at the games. He is mentioned as a critic by Horace, A. P. 
 386 ' Si quid tamen olim Scripseris, in Maeci descendat judicis aures.' He 
 sat, the scholiast (on Hor. Sat. 1. 10. 38) says, in the temple of Apollo, 
 whither the poets resorted to recite their productions, none of which were 
 brought cut on the stage without the approval of Tarpa, or some other 
 critic. 
 
 1 7. I7on tui stomachi, ' not to your taste.' 
 
 Conjecturam . . . de meo, ' for I guess yours from mine.' 
 
 19. li quos ego . . . decesse arbitrabar: namely, as being past the 
 age for acting well. 
 
 20. Aesopus ; the great tragic actor at Rome. He was perhaps a freed- 
 man of the Clodian ' gens.' He was a friend of Cicero, who calls him 
 ' summus artifex et semper partium in republica tanquam in scena optima- 
 rum ' Pro Sest. 56. In his acting he pleaded Cicero's cause during his exile. 
 lb. Quintilian says that Roscius was eminent in comedy, Aesopus in tragedy, 
 the former being rapid in delivery and action, the latter impressive (gravioi). 
 We gather from this passage that he was now getting old. He must not be 
 confounded with the writer of fables, who was a Greek, and lived probablv 
 four centuries earlier. Pliny (N. H. "j. 48) mentions that at these games an 
 actress was brought out, as a curiosity, on account of her age, who appeared 
 again at games given in honour of Augustus Caesar, which took place sixty- 
 three years after this time, when she was 104 years old. This would only 
 make her 41 at Pompey's games. 
 
 22. Si sciens fallo. The formula was, * Si sciens fallo Jupiter ita me 
 mactet, quemadmodum ego hunc agnum macto ' Liv. 22. 46; or some 
 similar form of words (lb. 22. 53). 
 
 26. Adparatu. The scenery of the theatre was in Cicero's estimation a 
 vulgar kind of attraction. The plays acted were the Clytemnestra of Attius, 
 and the Trojan Horse of Livius Andronicus, followed, as we find afterwards, 
 by Greek and Oscan farces. 
 
 28. Creterraru.ni. These might be borne in triumph after the capture 
 of Troy. Ernesti conjectures ' cetrarum,' ' shields.' 
 
 32. Protogeni. No doubt the reader (anagnostcs) of Marius. 
 
 34. N'e = ' nae.' 
 
 36. Oscos ludos vel in senatu vestro. A satire on the debates in 
 the senate, which were like farces (on account of the inconsistency of 
 the speakers). 
 
 37. Graecos ita non ames. Cicero himself did not care for Greek 
 comic plays. Att. 16. 5 ' Scis enim quid de Graecis ludis existimem.' 
 
 The Oscan or Atellane plays were a low kind of farce in which Oscan
 
 128 NOTES. Ep. 21. 
 
 or old Italian words were often used, being understood, Strabo says, by the 
 Romans. Tiberius Caesar afterwards issued an edict to restrain the repre- 
 sentation of these farces, calling them ' levissimae apud vulgus oblectationes ' 
 Tac. Ann. 4. 14. 
 
 38. Via G-raeca. The allusion here is not known. Perhaps the road to 
 Marius' villa was out of repair. 
 
 41. Operam et oleum, ' has lost his toil and expense.' This phrase is 
 taken from the training for athletic games. 
 
 Venationes. The refinement of Cicero's taste in not liking such 
 shows is interesting ; probably it was not common at Rome. 
 
 There is a curious passage in which Pliny describes the piteous cries of 
 the elephants at these very games, and the effect on the people. ' Amissa spe 
 fugae misericordiam vulgi int-rrabili habitu gerentes supplicavere, quadam 
 sese lamentatione complorantes, tanto populi dolore, ut oblitus imperatoris 
 ac munificentiae honori suo exquisitae, flens universus consurgeret, dirasque 
 Pompeio quas ille mox luit imprecaretur.' N. H. 8. 7. Dion Casiius and 
 Plutarch both refer to the same fact. 
 
 53. Dirupi me . . . Galli, 'I strained myself to the utmost on the trial 
 of Gallus.' The speech is lost. 
 
 55. Artem desinerem. The construction is unusual. Perhaps ' exercere' 
 is understood. 
 
 60. Cogor. Thus in the following year Cicero was induced (by Caesar) 
 to defend two of his strongest enemies, Gabinius and Vatinius. 
 
 78. Neque in epistolis . . . delectationis tuse, ' instead of leaving 
 your hope of amusement, such as it is, to rest entirely on letters from me.' 
 ' Aliqui ' is joined to substantives and adjectives in this idiomatic way, with 
 a slightly depreciatory sense. Observe the wholly different sense which 
 would have been given by ' ullam.' 
 
 Ep. 21. Caesar had now been four years in Gaul. This was the year of 
 his second invasion of Britain. 
 
 3. Trebatium. He was a lawyer and friend of Cicero, who wrote many 
 letters to him, several of which remain, in f^imiliar and sometimes jocose 
 style, Epp. 23, 25, 26. 
 
 Quocumque exirem. It seems from this passage and others that 
 Cicero had had some intention of accompanying Pompeius to Spain, if he 
 had gone thither in pursuance of his duty. For by the Trebonian law, B.C. 55, 
 Spain had been assigned to him, while Parthia was given to Crassus, and 
 Caesar's government was continued for five years more, from Jan. 1st, B.C. 53. 
 But Pompeius only sent troops into Spain and did not go himself, which 
 made him unpopular, and led, in Cicero's opinion, to the civil war. Cicero's 
 intention of accepting the ' legatio ' is mentioned Att. 4. 18. 
 
 6. Commoratio, in Rome. 
 
 7. Dubitatio. His hesitation arose from fear of Clodius. 
 
 12. Casus vero . . . tuae, ' And then a wonderful instance of good
 
 Ep. 22. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 29 
 
 fortune fell in. to be at once a witness to the truth of my jui^gment, and 
 a certifier of your kindness.' Opinionis meae refers to his opinion of 
 Caesar's eocd-will. 
 
 15. Balbo. L. Cornelius Balbus, a native of Gades. but a Roman citizen, 
 was an intimate friend first of Pompeius, then of Caesar. At this time he 
 held the office of ' praefectus fabrum'' for Caesar, but resided much at Rome, 
 where he looked after Caesar's interests private and public. A great part of 
 the booty of the Gallic war passed through his hands. He was intimate 
 with Cicero, and always strove to keep him on good terms with Caesar. 
 After Caesar's death, he joined Octavius, and became praetor and consul, 
 being the first consul who was not a Roman by birth. Smith, Diet. Biog. 
 
 17. Eufum. This reading has been adopted from Cratander's margin 
 (see Introduction). The Med. MS. gives ' itfiuium.* 
 
 Eegem Galliae ; jocosely. The allusion in the following words, vel 
 hunc Leptae delega, is unknown ; but Caesar seems to decline to be 
 a patron of Rufus, whom Cicero had recommended. A certain Q. Lepta 
 was afterwards 'praefectus fabrum ' to Cicero in Cilicia, and may possibly 
 have accompanied Q. Cicero from Caesar's camp to that of M. Cicero. 
 Watson. 
 
 26. Illo vetere verbo meo. In recommending Milo to Caesar, Cicero 
 had used the expression ' more Romano,' a common form in such cases, and 
 Caesar had ridiculed it as unmeaning. Cicero says : ' I do not merely 
 pledge myself "more Romano " for Trebatius : but in the full sense of the 
 words " more Romano," as used by sensible men, I attest that there is no 
 more upr-'ght. no better, no more modest man.* 
 
 30. Familiam ducit, ' he holds the first place.' Cp. ' leads the circuit.' 
 The metaphor is taken from a slave, put at the head of his company for his 
 good qualities. De Fin. 4. 16 ' Sed primum illud vide, gravissimam illam 
 vestram sententiam quae familiam ducit, honestum quod sit, id esse solum 
 bonum.' 
 
 32. Certum nomen, 'any particular instance (article) of preferment.' 
 The use of ' nomina ' for ' items,' in accounts, seems similar to this. 
 
 36. De manu in manum. Said of things carefully delivered over from 
 one to another. Plant. Trin. 4. 2. 57 
 
 ' Ch. Ab ipson ' istas accepisti ? Sy. E manibus dedit mihi ipse in manum.' 
 
 37. Simus .... licebit, ' for if I am somewhat more tiresome than 
 you give me a right to be, yet I see you will concede me that right.' For 
 the formation and construction of such adjectives as • putidiusculus,' see 
 Madv. § 63. Obs. Vis is thrown in idiomatically, and cannot be translated 
 literally without obscuring the sense. Cicero expects to be excused either 
 from his confidence in Caesar's friendship, or from his confidence in the 
 merits of Trebatius. 
 
 Ep. 22. 3. A causis . . . faisse, ' that I have never been more pressed 
 by causes and trials.' The ablative without ' a' would be more usual. 'A' 
 
 K
 
 130 NOTES. Ep. 22. 
 
 is generally used when there is a personification of the thing which acts. 
 But Livy frequently uses ' ab ira,' ' ab odio,' etc. So Sallust, ' Piget dicere, 
 ut vobis animus ab ignavia atque socordia corruptus sit' B. Jug. 31 : where 
 'ignavia' would be more usual. Madv. § 254. Obs. I. 
 6. Cogitationi vestrae, ' your and Caesar's expectation.' 
 
 9. Ne cuius animiim offendamus. Cicero foresaw the coming dis- 
 turbances and wished to keep on good terms with all parties, as much as 
 possible, but especially with Caesar. His talents as a pleader enabled him to 
 gratify many persons. For ' cuius ' = ' cuiusdam ' cp. Ep. I. 31. 
 
 10. Ab iis ipsis. He particularly alludes to the consul L. Domitius 
 Ahenobarbus, whose election Caesar had not been able to prevent for this 
 year, though the triumvirs had hindered it the year before, to M. Porcius 
 Cato, the praetor, and to Bibulus, Caesar's former colleague, and constant 
 opponent. 
 
 11. Ab aequis, 'by those who are impartial.' 
 
 14. Quod ita . . . ferendum, ' because the consular candidates had gone 
 to such lengths that it was intolerable.' 
 
 15. Statui . . . accedere, ' I have resolved to make no move towards 
 any remedy for the state without strong support.' 
 
 17. De praevarieatione. ' Praevaricatio' was the technical word for the 
 crime of an accuser who, having been bribed, withdrew from, or did not 
 exert himself in, his cause. 
 
 18. Tribunis aerariis. The 'indices' at this time consisted of three 
 ' decuriae,' of senators, knights, and ' tribuni aerarii,' (by the Lex Aurelia, 
 B.C. 70). The ' tribuni aerarii ' were, no doubt, persons of property, intended 
 to represent the classes below the knights ; originally heads of tribes and 
 collectors of payment for the troops. Each of these three ' decuriae iudi- 
 cum ' had its separate balloting urn, and the result of each of the three votes 
 was known, though not how individuals voted. 
 
 In summa. That is, the numbers in the three votes being added 
 together, ahhough there was a majority of senators and knights for 
 condemnation, the whole result gave a majority of four votes for acquittal. 
 
 20. Vatinium. This man was accused of bribery. Cicero, who had 
 been his bitter enemy, and who in his defence of Sestius two years before 
 had violently attacked Vatinius (In Vatin.), now defended him, at Caesar's 
 request. He felt how discreditable this was, and tries to excuse himself to 
 Lentulus, Fam. i. 9. 
 
 Eram is the epistolary sense. 
 
 21. Comitia. The election for consuls. The}' were in fact put off from 
 month to month, by intrigues, and were not held at all this year, nor for the 
 first seven months of the following year. 
 
 Scauri iudicium : he was accused of extortion in Sardinia betore 
 M. Cato, and acquitted : Cicero defending him. 
 
 22. SwSeiirvovis. The allusion intended in naming this play of Sophocles
 
 Ep. 23. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. I31 
 
 is not understood : it may have referred to something that had passed 
 at a banquet given by Caesar, at which Quintus Cicero was present. 
 
 25. De Britannia. Quintus had accompanied Caesar, as 'legatus,' on 
 his second invasion of Britain. 
 
 26. Eeliqua. The dangers of the war itself. 
 
 28. Magisque sum . . . metu, 'and I am more agitated by these 
 hopes, than by fear.' He hoped that his brother would gain honour and 
 weahh and rise in Caesar's favour. 
 
 29. Seribendi. Quintus was writing a poem on Britain, and had asked 
 Marcus to help him with some verses. The latter says it would be like 
 sending ' an owl to Athens,' as we say • coals to Newcastle.' The owl was, 
 of course, Athena's emblem. 
 
 34. Celari videor a te, ' I think you are keeping me in the dark.' 
 ' Celor ' in this sense sometimes takes an accusative of the thing in respect 
 of which a person is 'kept in the dark.' Cp. Ep. 24. 42. In both the Latin 
 and English idiom the concealment which ought properly to be affirmed of 
 the thing is figuratively affirmed of the person concerned. 
 
 35. Uostris versibus ; a poem he had sent to Caesar, for his perusal: 
 perhaps that on the events of his consulship. 
 
 39. Ees aut xiipciKTTjp, 'the subject or the style.' 
 
 Ep. 23. 2. Valde jureconsultum. Obs. that ' iureconsultum ' is here 
 treated as an adjective. 
 
 Est quod gaudeas . . . fviisset, ' you have reason to be glad that 
 you have got into regions where you are taken for a wise man ; if you had 
 gone to Britain, it is certain that no one in that great island would have 
 been more learned.' 
 
 6. Subinvideo tibi, ' I am almost envious of you.' 
 
 11. Valde metuo ne frigeas in hibernis. He rallies Trebatius as a 
 man of peace, unaccustomed to the cold and hardships of war in winter. 
 
 12. Mucio et Manilio. Mucins Scaevola and M. Manilius, two famous 
 lawyers ; as if a precedent was wanted for having a fire in cold weather ! 
 
 13. Praesertim qui, ' especially as you were not rich in military cloaks.' 
 
 Quamquam vos . . audio, ' although I hear that now j'ou are all 
 warm enough where you are : ' namely, from danger and anxiety. Schiitz 
 supposes this letter to have been written in August b.c. 54, while Caesar was 
 still in Britain : for he did not return to Gaul till nearly the time of the 
 equinox. (Caesar, De B. G. 5. 23.) Labienus was left in command of the 
 rest of the army in Gaul, with which Trebatius remained. Although no 
 outbreak took place in Caesar's absence, after his return from Britain the 
 Eburones in the North-east attacked and destroyed one legion, and put Q. 
 Cicero and his camp into extreme danger. 
 
 16. Cautior quam in advocationibus. He calls Trebatius more 
 cautious as a soldier than as a counsellor : caution being an excellence in the 
 one but not in the other profession. 
 
 K 3
 
 1^2 NOTES. Ep. 24. 
 
 1 7. Studiosissimus . . natandi. Perhaps there is a play on the word 
 ' natandi,' which is used nietaphorically for ' hesitating,' ' fluctuating.' De 
 Nat. D. 43 ' Democritus natare videtur in natura Deorum.' 
 
 Essedarios, British charioteers. Here again there is a play of words, 
 as ' essedarius ' means also a gladiator who fought from a chariot. 
 
 18. Andabata. 'whom we used not to be able to cheat out of a 
 blinded gladiator:' that is, out of a single spectacle of a gladiatorial combat. 
 He rallies Trebatius on being fond of looking on at such games, but not liking 
 real war. ' Andabata,' a gladiator who fought in a vizor or helmet which 
 covered his eyes. 
 
 31. Una mehercule . . Haedui, 'I am sure that a single interview, 
 serious or jocose, between us will be worth more, I will not say than our 
 enemies, but than our brothers, the Haedui,' that is, worth more than 
 anything you can do with the Gauls, hostile or friendly. The Haedui had 
 been called ' brethren ' and ' kinsmen ' by the Roman senate : Cicero jocosely 
 alludes to this. Caes. B. G. i. 33. 
 
 Ep. 24. I. De illis libris, quos cum essem in Cumano, scri- 
 bere institui. Writing to his brother in May of this year Cicero had 
 mentioned that he was engaged on a great work on politics, ' Scribebam ilia, 
 quae dixeram, iroKiTtKO, : spissum sane opus, et operosum. Sed si ex 
 sententia successerit, bene erit opera posita. Sin minus, in illud ipsum mare 
 deiiciemus, quod scribentes spectanius' Q. Fr. 2. I4. It was the work ' De 
 Republica,' published perhaps at the end of this year. In this letter Cicero 
 speaks of his changes of plan in writing it. 
 
 4. Novendialibus iis feriis quae fuerunt Tuditano et Aquilio 
 consulibus. Cicero placed the scene of his work in the year 625 (B.C. 129), 
 when he supposed a conversation held between the speakers mentioned in this 
 passage, lasting for the nine days of a holiday kept that year. It was from 
 Rutilius when an exile at Smyrna that Cicero supposes himself to have derived 
 his account of the conversation, on his tour to Greece and Asia, B.C. 79-78. 
 
 6. Africani. This and all the following genitives depend on sermo. 
 Paulo ante mortem. Scipio Africanus the younger was found dead 
 
 in his bed, B.C. I 29, on the day after his speech in the senate in favour of 
 the Italians, and against the triumvirs for carrying out the agrarian law of 
 Gracchus. 
 
 7. Phili. L. Furius Philus, consul B.C. 136, was an upright and learned 
 man, and a good speaker. Brut. 28. 
 
 Manilibs was consul B.C. 149, in the third Punic war, perhaps the same 
 as the famous jurist. 
 
 Tubero was nephew of Africanus, a great opponent of the Gracchi, a 
 lawyer and logician. 
 
 9. Sane . . . adferebat, ' assuredly this work was clearly put together 
 and the dignity of the characters added some weight to the treatise.' 
 
 14. Non Heraclides Pontious : a philosopher who wrote on politics.
 
 Fp. 24. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. T33 
 
 Sallust thought that Cicero having been engaged in public affairs, would 
 speak with much more weight in his own person. 
 
 17. Oratorum. sermonem in illis nostris libris. Sallust conceded 
 that Cicero had shown good taste in not personally appearing in the 
 dialogue of orators in the ' De Oratore,' on account of the subject of that 
 treatise being what it was ; but pointed out that there he had assigned the 
 part of speakers to men whom he had himself seen, namely, to Crassus, 
 Scaevola and Antonius, (the interlocutors in the ' De Oratore,') not to men 
 of a past generation. 
 
 T9. Aristotelem denique, 'lastly,' that Aristotle speaks in his own 
 person in his Politics and Ethics. 
 
 21. Commovit me, ' he made an impression on me.' 
 
 22. Quod erant . . . loquebantur, 'because these disturbances were of 
 later date than the age of those whom I supposed to be speaking;' i.e. than 
 Africanus and his friends. 
 
 23. Id ipsum turn eram secutus, 'but indeed I had purposely 
 adapted this plan at that time.' 
 
 25. Nunc et id vitabo . . . relictos, 'Now I will avoid giving offence, 
 and I will make myself the speaker with you ; yet I will send you what I 
 had begun, if I come to Rome. For you will imagine, I have no doubt, that 
 those books have not been given up by me without considerable reluctance.' 
 
 Cicero means those which he had finished and read to Sallust during 
 this year. Notwithstanding the impression made by Sallust's arguments, 
 he did not give up his original plan, except that he made his work consist 
 of sijf books instead of nine. He speaks of it in a letter to Atticus, this 
 year, as follows : ' Utinam modo conata efKcere possim ! rem enim (quod 
 te non fugit) magnam complexus sum, et gravem, et plurimi otii, quo ego 
 maxime egeo ' Att. 4. 16. 
 
 For the remarkable history of this work, see Professor Ramsay's article in 
 Smith's Dictionary. It was known to have existed in the loth century A.D., 
 and perhaps later, but was never discovered in any MS. till 1822, when a 
 part of it, about one-fourth, was found in the Vatican Library as a palimpsest, 
 St. Augustine's commentary on the Psalms having been written over it. 
 Together with fragments, found in quotations made by grammarians and 
 ecclesiastical writers, and the 'Somnium Scipionis,' which formed part of 
 the sixth book, about one third of the whole work is now extant. When 
 complete it must have been one of Cicero's greatest and most important 
 writings. 
 
 32. Vivo tamen . . . exspectem, 'yet my life is one of such effort to 
 please him and such labour, as if I were looking out for what I do not ask.' 
 Caesar's greatness of character and the frank kindness of his nature seem 
 leally to have laid strong hold on Cicero's affection. At the same time" 
 his political sagacity and instinct showed Cicero that his best prospect was 
 in keeping on friendly terms with him. On the other hand, Caesar had
 
 134 NOTES. Ep. 24. 
 
 a real liking for the orator, and had reason to wish him to be on his side, in 
 his own absence from Rome, for the power of his character and his oratory 
 was considerable. 
 
 33. De versibus faciendis. QMintus wished his brother to send him 
 some verses on the expedition to Britain in praise of Caesar, which he might 
 show Caesar as his own. 
 
 35. Ifec satis oommoveor. Cicero naturally says that his feelings were 
 not enough roused about the British expedition, for poetry. 
 
 36. ■U7ro6«o-€is, ' suggestions, or topics.' Such are those mentioned above, 
 Ep. 22, on the climate, inhabitants, etc., of Britain. 
 
 38. Facerem tamen . . . eripiunt, ' yet I would do it, supposing I 
 were able : but (as you cannot but know) for poetry one needs a certain 
 cheerfulness of spirit which the times we live in completely deprive me of.' 
 There is something very touching in the despondency expressed in this 
 and the following passage by the great orator and pure-minded statesman, 
 especially as there is a tinge of self-reproach in his reflections. 
 
 40. Abduco me equidem . . qui vellet, 'I do indeed withdraw myself 
 from all public cares, and devote myself to literature : yet I will confess to 
 you something which I earnestly wish I could hide from you above all others. 
 I suffer anguish, my dearest brother, real anguish, to think that there is no 
 constitution, no administration of justice, and that, at a time of life when I 
 ought to be enjoying my proper influence in the senate, I have to toil at the 
 bar or to console myself only by private employments in literature — while 
 that aim, which from a boy I had passionately desired, " ever to excel and to 
 be above others," has wholly failed : my enemies I must partly abstain from 
 attacking, partly must defend ; not only my inclination, but my very hatred 
 is not free : and that out of all around me I have only found Caesar, to love 
 me as much as I would be loved, or even (as some think) to love me at all.* 
 
 Pompeius professed friendship for Cicero : but he had treated him badly 
 at the time of his exile, and may have assisted to recall him (Cicero implies) 
 rather because he needed his influence with the senate, than from true 
 esteem. 
 
 54. Consolatione. In his writings and the society of his friends. 
 
 57. Gabinium. Gabinius as said above, was acquitted on the first 
 charge brought against him, of disobeying the senate. Cicero had then 
 refused to defend him : Pansa perhaps was in Gaul, and had said that he 
 had better undertake his defence. Cicero did so in his next trial, but 
 probably not without a wound to his self-respect. At present he had merely 
 been called as a witness. 
 
 60. Quantum omnes viderent, so. ' mihi faciendum esse.' He merely 
 bore witness against him and neither consented to accuse or defend him. 
 
 62. Cessator, ' an idler.' Cicero was arranging his books. 
 
 63. Sentio ipse . . . adsequor, ' I feel it is a toilsome work, and make 
 little progress, though I use all diligence.'
 
 Ep. 25. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1^$ 
 
 66. Crebrius. Nothing is known of this person, and the following line 
 is corrupt. Schiitz conjectures : ' Et qui omnia se adjurat debere tibi, valide 
 renuntiat :' ' and while he confesses that he owes you everything, he ob- 
 stinately refuses payment.' Some money transaction seems to be alluded to, 
 from the following words, Ab aerario . . . absum ; but their meaning too 
 is uncertain : ' I suppose that the account was made up from the treasury, 
 but until on the spot I do not know.' 
 
 70. Quattuor tragoedias, probably translations. But even then the 
 literary activity of the Roman is wonderful. And if this letter was written 
 in November B.C. 64, it was about the time when Quintus was in great 
 danger from an attack on his camp. 
 
 71. Tu quicquam, ' would you wish to borrow anything from another, 
 and ask for a loan, when you have written the "Electra " and " Troades ?"' 
 
 75. Erigonam. A tragedy written by Quintus, which was afterwards 
 lost on its way to Cicero. Q^F. 3. 9, 6. 
 
 Ad duas epistolas. The last passage is in older editions made a 
 separate letter, Q; Fr. 3. 6. But these words show that it was at the end 
 of a former one. 
 
 Ep. 25. Another jocose letter to Trebatius, who had become an Epicurean, 
 as Cicero had heard from Pansa. Trebatius was still in Gaul. 
 
 3. O castra praeclara! 'a glorious camp to join!' ' Castra ' used 
 figuratively. So ' In Epicuri nos adversarii nostri castra coiecimus' Ep. 47. 
 
 ' Nil cupientium 
 Nudus castra peto.' Hor. Od. 3. 16, 22. 
 
 Si te Tarentum, ' if I had sent you to Tarentum, not to Samaro- 
 briva;' i.e. Amiens, on the Samara or Somme. Caesar was encamped in the 
 neighbourhood of Amiens, and had himself stayed with the army in their 
 winter quarters contrary to his usual custom, on account of the disturbed 
 state of Gaul, where one legion with its commanders Sabinus and Cotta had 
 been cut to pieces, and another under Quintus Cicero barely saved by the 
 skill and bravery of Quintus and his soldiers. Tarentum being famous for 
 luxury Cicero rallies Trebatius : ' if he had turned Epicurean even at Samaro- 
 briva, what would he not have become at Tarentum I' Caes. B. G. ■;. 53. 
 
 4. lam. turn mihi . . . familiaris meus, ' for some time back I have 
 not been satisfied with you, since you took up the same views as my friend 
 Zeius.' 'Intueor' is commonly used of mental contemplation. 'Raros esse 
 qui rerum naturani studiose intuerentur' Tusc. Disp. 5. 3. 
 
 6. Cum omnia tua causa facias. A pleasanU)-, this being said to be 
 the principle of the Epicureans. 
 
 8. Inter bonos bene agier. A formula used in law: 'ut inter bones 
 bene agier oportet,' apparently to give assurance to promises. Cicero calls it 
 a 'golden rule.' De Off. 3. 17; Top. 17. But, he says jocosely, there is no 
 ' good ' man on Epicurean principles. 
 
 Quis enim est, so. ' bonus,' a good man.
 
 136 
 
 NOTES. Ep. 26. 
 
 9. Quod ius . . . metiuntur, ' what rule of rigTit will you lay down for 
 division of a common stock, when nothing can be common aniong men who 
 measure all things by their oil'?i pleasure?' 
 
 12. lovem lapidem iurare. There was a solemn form of oath: 'Si 
 sciens fallo turn me Diespiter bonis eiiciat, uti ego hunc lapidem.' But the 
 Epicureans did not believe in gods who cared for men's doings. 
 
 13. Quid fiet . . . oportere, 'then what will become of the people of 
 Ulubrae, if you have determined that it is wrong to be a politician?' For 
 Epicurus placed the highest good in quiet and peace of mind. Trebatius 
 was patron of Ulubrae. 
 
 14. Qua re . . . ignosco, 'therefore if you reall)' are deserting us, I am 
 sorry : but if you merely find it convenient to agree with Pansa, I excuse 
 you.' Vibius Pansa was really an Epicurean, but a good man. 'Pansa, qui 
 ^Sovrjv sequitur, virtutem retinet ' Fam. 15. 19. 
 
 Ep. 26. 2. Cetera, for the exception to 'cetera' see below 1. 16 of 
 this Epistle. 
 
 4. Esse fortera virum. Trebatius seems to have been impatient of his 
 stay in Gaul. Cicero often alludes to this, partly in jest, partly in earnest: 
 for he wished him to get some advantage by his acquaintance with Caesar. 
 
 Quae ego . . . putarem, ' qualities which for some time I missed in 
 you, though not from perceiving any weakness in your disposition, but rather 
 thinking it was because your longing for me made you uneasy.' ' Ita ' and 
 ut must be closely joined together. 
 
 II. Quoniam vestrae . . . chirographi mei, 'therefore since your 
 bonds are unsafe, I send you a small Greek one in my own writing.' He 
 uses a legal metaphor jocosely. ' Since you and Caesar are not close friends 
 enough, I send you,' etc. This Greek ' cautio ' was either a letter to Caesar 
 in Greek, or a Greek poem in his praise. 
 
 14. Ignavissimo cuique, 'for I trust the greatest cowards most' for 
 accounts of a war. He often rallies Trebatius, who was no soldier, on his 
 want of military spirit. 
 
 16. Illud miror, 'one thing I wonder at.' Trebatius seems to have 
 sent more than one copy of the same letter, one copy being on a parchment 
 which had been used before. Probably this was the rough copy of his letter, 
 which had been forwarded by mistake with the fair copy. 
 
 21. An hoc signiflcas . . . reliqueris, ' Do you mean to tell me that 
 you cannot get on at all? that you are frozen with the cold? that you 
 have not even a sheet of paper left ? Well, it is your own fault, for taking 
 your modesty out there with you, and not leaving it behind.' Trebatius was 
 too modest, he means, in pressing Caesar for favours. 
 
 25. More Romano, 'earnestly.' See Ep. 21, •26, note. 
 
 27. In Pomptino, 'in the Pomptine country,' near the coast of 
 Latium. 
 
 29. Fremituni clientium meorum, ' the noise my clients are making.
 
 Ep. 27, 28. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. J^J 
 
 for whose friendship I am indebted to you.' He means the frogs near 
 Ulubrae. Trebatius had deputed to Cicero the care of his clients at that 
 place. See Ep. 25. 13, note. 
 
 33. Conscidi . . . posset, M hnve destroyed, harmless as it was, for 
 it contained nothing that might not have been read with propriety even 
 at a public meeting.' Innocentem carries a double meaning, * incapable of 
 doing harm,' and ' undeserving of such a fate.' 
 
 35. Sed et . . . . adscripseras, ' but not only did Arruntins tell me 
 that you wished it, but you wrote so too,' i.e. that I should destroy it. 
 
 Ep. 27. P. Sittio P. F. The Medicean MS. gives ' Sistio,' which has 
 generally been corrected to ' Sestio,' but is here printed ' Sittio,' according to 
 Baiter and Kayser's admirable emendation. Commentators have had to 
 invent several Sestii to explain the allusions in the letter, and have even then 
 been involved in great obscurities. Publius Sittius went to Sp.iin and thence 
 to Mauritania B.C. 64. before the outbreak of Catiline's conspiracy. After 
 the conspiracy was quelled he was included in the accusations brought 
 against Publius Sulla of having participated in the plot. Cicero successlully 
 defended Sulla B.C. 61. In his speech one paragraph is devoted to clearing 
 the ch;iracter of Sittius. Pro Sulla 20. 
 
 I. Amicitiae nostrae, so in Pro Sulla 20 ' Amici veteris atque hospitis.' 
 3. Sed quod . . . iacuerunt, 'but because the earlier time was a time 
 
 of dejection during which the state and myself were both ruined.' He 
 alludes to the time of his exile. By superioribus temporibus he means 
 the time up to the present, which he further divides into 'priora' and 
 posteriora. 
 
 10. Absens, in Mauritania, where he remained many years, and probably 
 still was, when this letter reached him. 
 
 II. Tui familiarissimi, viz. Sulla. Cicero twice uses the same ex- 
 pression, Pro Sulla 20, in speaking of the relations between Sulla and 
 Sittius. 
 
 15. Eo tempore, the time of Sulla's trial. 
 
 16. Invidia . . . tuomm, 'ill-feeling arising from scarcity, your own 
 private enemies, and besides them the private enemies of your friends.' 
 
 19. Public tuo, P. Sulla. 
 
 25. Praestare, ' to answer for,' i.e. how it may turn out. 
 
 37. Nee enim . . . intuemur; a very beautiful thought, but Cicero 
 had not felt thus in his own case. 
 
 Ep. 28. I. Cum et contra voluntatem meam et praeter opinio- 
 nem accidisset. In the year before this, b.c. 52, Pompeius when sole 
 consul had, among other reforms, sanctioned a law lately passed that no 
 Consul or Praetor should take the government of a province until five years 
 after he had held office. (Dio Cass. 40, 56.) His object was both to check 
 the ambition of those who sought ofHce for the sake of provincial govern- 
 ments, which were used as means for amassing wealth ; and, if Caesar should
 
 138 
 
 NOTES. Ep. 28. 
 
 seek the consulship again, to prevent him especially from holding a procon- 
 sulship immediately after. The effect of this law was that consulars and 
 former Praetors who had not held provincial governments were called upon 
 to take them, and Cicero among the number. Hence he speaks of his 
 mission as an unexpected one. It was also disagreeable, for he had no avarice 
 to gratify, like ordinary proconsuls, and he much preferred Rome and its 
 occupations ; he foresaw also that a critical time was coming, a struggle 
 between Caesar and Pompeius being imminent. His letters during his pro- 
 consulate contain frequent complaints of what he considered almost a banish- 
 ment. Yet one of the brightest pages in his life would have been left out, 
 if he had had his wish : for the purity and uprightness of his administration, 
 so strongly in contrast with the shameless extortion and injustice common 
 among Roman governors, bear the strongest testimony to his disinterested 
 character. Nor was he without temptation, for his circumstances were em- 
 barrassed, and he owed a large sum of money to Caesar, which he could not 
 pay without the assistance of Atticus. There can, however, be no doubt that 
 his presence at Rome would have been useless in preventing the civil war. 
 He exaggerated his own influence with the unscrupulous men round him. 
 Both Caesar and Pompeius liked and esteemed him personally, but neither 
 probably (certainly not Caesar) allowed his influence any weight in hindering 
 their ambitious designs. 
 
 2. Cum imperio. The 'imperium ' was the power of exercising military 
 command. ' Demus igitur imperium Caesari : sine quo res militaris adminis- 
 trari, teneri exercitus, bellum geri, non potest' Phil. 5. 16. It was formally 
 conferred by a lex curiata. Livy, 5. 52 ' Comitia curiata quae rem militarem 
 continent.* Cicero, however, doubts whether it could not be conferred by a 
 decree of the senate alone, according to the Cornelian law Fam. i. 9. 
 
 7. Explieatam, ' set in order,' ' cleared ' of difEculties. The word is 
 used with 'negotia,' 'res,' ' rationes,' etc. 
 
 10. Coniunctione. Appius was augur, and Cicero had lately been con- 
 secrated to the same office in the room of P. Crassus, killed by the Par- 
 thians. This gave him, he says, a new tie to Appius. The latter, Appius 
 Claudius Pulcher, was brother of his enemy Clodius. Although in writing to 
 him Cicero uses words of friendship and esteem, he wrote very differently of 
 him to Atticus, when he found that he had been an oppressive and extortion- 
 ate governor. Att. 6. I ' Quid enim potest esse tam dissimile quam, illo 
 imperante, exhaustam esse sumptibus et iacturis provinciam,' etc. 
 
 14. Q,uod eius facere potueris. 'Eius' does not refer to the province, 
 but means ' of the matter,' and is part of the idiom ' quod eius facere potue- 
 ris,' ' what of it,' or ' as much of it as — you shall be able to do,' i. e. as far 
 as you can. Both here and Fam. 8. 5, and Att. II. 12, ' quoad ' is generally 
 printed for ' quod,* and Madvig explains the phrase with that reading in 
 view. This change does not simplify the construction, as it deprives ' facere * 
 of its accusative, ' quod.' Secondly, it is made in defiance of the Mediceaa
 
 Ep. 29. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. I39 
 
 MS. in every instance. Lastly, the phrase is found in an abbreviated form 
 Att. 1.5: 10. 2, writh ' eius * or both ' facere ' and ' eius ' omitted. 
 
 15. Quasi . . . temporis, 'the running out, as I may call it, of my ap- 
 pointed period.' The word employed, decuxsus, hints at Cicero's unwil- 
 lingness to take the province. 
 
 16. Ego te . . . valde rogo, ' I earnestly request yon to do whatever 
 may occur to you as useful to me.' ' Interest ' has an option of construc- 
 tions, ' mea,' or ' mei.' 
 
 Ep. 29. I. Meo . . . testis, *am witness to (i.e. about) my own state 
 of mind.' 
 
 2. Ne quid novi decernatur, ' that no new decree may be made ' — 
 such, namely, as might prolong his tenure of his government. 
 
 3. TJt hoc nostrum desiderium ne plus sit annuum, ' that this 
 loss (i.e. of one another's company) which we feel may not be for more 
 than a year.' 'Plus,' ' amplius,' and ' minus,' are often prefixed to the word 
 which they affect without altering its case, yet without ' quam.' ' Num est 
 hoc, non plus annum obtinere provinciam?' Ep. 35. 27- 'Apes nunquam 
 plus ununi regem patientur ' Sen. CI. I. 19. Madv. § 305. 
 
 De satis dando . . des, ' with regard to giving security, I ask you, as 
 long as you are at Rome, to do it for me yourself.' Cicero had some debts 
 which he had not paid. 
 
 5. Et sunt aliquot satisdationes . , . Atilianorum, ' there are 
 also some securities by mortgage which might be given, as for instance on 
 my Mennian or Atilian farms.' If we read Memmianorum we may say, he 
 had probably bought these estates when the properties of Memniius and 
 Atilius Serranus were sold by auction. The former was condemned for cor- 
 ruption in his competition for the consulship B.C. 54 and was now living at 
 Mytilene, though he had property at Athens also, and was citizen of Patrae. 
 Att. 5. II : 6. I. Cicero wished Atticus to use these estates as security for 
 his debts. ' Mancipium ' and • mancipatio ' properly express an act of 
 *ransfer of property : ' Mancipatio dicitur quasi manu res capitur.' Things 
 transferred by the form called ' mancipium,' such as lands and slaves, were 
 called ' res mancipi : ' other things, ' res nee mancipi.' Smith, Diet. 
 Ant. A security or mortgage on land might naturally be called ' Satisdatio 
 secundum mancipium,' if the form of ' mancipatio ' (as is hkely) was in- 
 volved in making it. 
 
 7. De Oppio . . aperuisti, ' in the case of Oppius I am gratified by 
 what you have done, and particularly because you have promised payment 
 of the 800 sesterces.' This sum (about £6700) Cicero owed to Caesar, 
 and was very anxious that Atticus should settle the account, frequently 
 recurring to the subject. Att. 5. 4 and 6. Oppius was probably an agent of 
 Caesar. The use of ' aperuisti ' is singular : ' exposuisti ' is used in the same 
 sense Att. 5. 4, but this too is unusual. The meaning is that Atticus pro- 
 mised that he would pay if it was urgently demanded.
 
 140 NOTES. Ep. 29. 
 
 8. Quae qmdem . . . volo, ' which I wish by all means to be paid, even 
 though I have to borrow for it.' ' Versura ' is explained as the ' changing 
 of a creditor,' i.e. the borrowing from one to pay another. Hence it means, 
 merely, money borrowed at interest. ' Vetita versura,' ' lending at interest 
 was forbidden.' Tac. An. 6. 16 ' Versurani facere,' 'to borrow at interest.' 
 Utique is emphatic: 'however (it may be),' hence, 'assuredly.' Quint. 
 5. 10 ' Quod non est arbor utique platanus non est.' 
 
 9. !N"e extrema exactio nostrortun nominum exspectetur, ' so 
 as not to have to wait for the full exaction of all debts due to me.' This 
 would be a long process and he wished to have his debt to Caesar off his 
 mind quickly. ' Nomen ' is a head or item of accounts, whether of debt or 
 credit : hence ' nomina exigere ' is 'to demand payment.* * Cum reperi- 
 retur pecunias sumpsisse mutuas, nomina sua exegisse, praedia vendidisse' 
 2 Verr. 2. 10. 
 
 10. Transversum ilium extremae epistolae tuae versiculum, 
 ' that line of your letter which was written across at the end of it.' The 
 Romans in the time of Cicero divided their letters, if long, into pages : if 
 any small postscript remained, it was written on the margin, crossed. They 
 wrote most quickly on wax, from which the letters could be easily erased for 
 correction, if necessary, by the flat end of the ' stylus ; ' but they also used 
 many kinds of paper, all made apparently from the Egyptian papyrus, as 
 well as on parchment. A reed split like our pens was employed to write 
 with. 
 
 11. Admones. Atticus had doubtless requested Cicero to do what he 
 could towards putting Quintus and Pomponia on better terms. 
 
 12. In Arpinas ; understand ' praedium.' 
 
 17. Ex ratione sumptus, 'on account of expenses.' The indicative 
 fuerat implies that some offence had probably been taken: 'fuisset' 
 would imply the contrary. 
 
 18. Illo sic die, ' so things were on that day.' 
 
 19. Ut in Arcano ... in Arcano, ' Quintus was obliged to remain 
 at Arcanum on account of the day : I slept at Aquinum, but we dined at 
 Arcanum.' There was a holiday at Arcanum, an estate of Quintus, which 
 made his presence requisite : after dining with his brother there Cicero went 
 on southwards to Aquinum. 
 
 21. Tu invita mulieres, ego aecivero pueros: ' do you invite the 
 women, while I send for the boys,' or perhaps ' the men,' as ' puer ' is a com- 
 mon term for a full-grown slave. This futurum exactum, ' accivero,' implies 
 that it would soon be done: ' I shall have sent for the boys by the time you 
 have asked the women.' Livy 25. 38 ' Clamor et primus impetus castra 
 ceperit : ' ' will instantly take.' Madv. § 340. 4. 
 
 24. Id autem, 'she said this, 1 suppose (or, 'she was so offended'), 
 because Statins had gone on before to see to our dinner.' 
 
 27. Dices, quid, quaeso, istuc erat P ' you will say, " Pray what was
 
 Ep, 30. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. I4I 
 
 there in all this that you tell me?"' ' Istic, istaec, istoc, and istuc' are 
 used for ' iste,' etc. 
 
 Magnum . . . responderat, ' it was a great matter, and annoyed 
 even nie : she answered so unreasonably and roughly in words and looks.* 
 He means that trifling as it seemed, Atticus could hardly tell without having 
 been present how annoying it was. 
 
 29. Dissimulavi dolens, ' I appeared not to notice it, vexed as I was.' 
 Diseubuimus, ' we sat down to dinner.' * Accumbo ' is used with 
 the same meaning. 
 
 33. Maiori stomach.o, 'more ofTensive.' • Stomachus ' is used meta- 
 phorically, (1) for 'taste,' 'pleasure;' ' Ludi apparatissimi, sed non tui 
 stomachi ' Ep. 20. 17; (2) for 'anger,' 'dislike,' 'grief Ep. 24. 28. 
 
 39. Ut videres .... monendi, 'that you might see that you loo had 
 a duty to do, in teaching and admonishing.' 
 
 41. Exhaurias, 'that you finish my commissions completely.' He was 
 particularly anxious that his debt to Caesar should be quite settled. Cp. 
 ' Non desinam . . . de Caesaris nomine rogare ut confectum relinquas ' 
 Att. 5. 6. 
 
 42. Extrudas, ' hurry off.' This word is commonly used thus. Fam. 
 14. 6 ' Polliceni, si adhuc non est profectus, quam primum fac extrudas.' 
 Horace uses it in a slightly different sense : for 'getting off' goods, Ep. 2. 2, 10 
 
 ' Multa fidem promissa levant, ubi plenius aequo 
 Laudat venales, qui vult extrudere, merces.' 
 C. Pomptinus was one of the four legates whom Cicero took with him to 
 his province. The others were his brother Quintus, M. Anneius, L. Tullius 
 (Fam. 15. 4). 
 
 Cum profectus eris, cures ut sciam, ' take care to let me 
 know when you have left Rome:' not 'when you are going to leave,' 
 which would be ' quum profectnrns sis.' 
 
 44. A. Torquatum . . . velim, ' at Minturnae I parted affectionately 
 with A. Torquatus, an excellent man : please to let him know in conver- 
 sation that I have mentioned him to you.' It is somewhat amusing to 
 see Cicero's constant care that his friends should know of his kindness to 
 them. It partly arose from his sensibility, partly from his anxiety, in the 
 dangerous times in which he lived, to have as many attached friends as 
 possible. Torquatus was praetor B c. 52 : he took the part of Pompeius in 
 the civil war, and was afterwards banished to Athens. There are four letters 
 of Cicero to him while in exile. Ad Fam. 6. I -4. 
 
 Ep. 30. I. Ut Athenas. Cicero had left Rome early in May, bc. 51. 
 lie arrived at Tarenium May 18th (Att. 5. 6), and had a long interview 
 with Pompeius, who was staying there for his health. He left him with the 
 conviction that he had the interest of the state at heart, and his own attach- 
 ment to Caesar and his interests seems from this time to have become 
 weaker, so that he advises his friend Caclius to join Pompeius. Fam. 2. 8.
 
 143 NOTES. Ep. 30. 
 
 At Brundisium he was detained till the middle of June, by ill health and 
 waiting for Pomptinus : thence, by Corcyra, Sybota and Actium he went 
 on to Athens, arriving there June 25th, and remaining till July 7th. As he 
 tells us in this letter, he lodged with Aristus an Academician philosopher, 
 and was interested in the city and the conversation of the learned men, 
 who treated him with kindness and courtesy. Att. 5. 9. 
 
 Exspectabam ibi iam quartum diem Pomptinum, ' I hnve 
 now been waiting four days for Pomptinus.' 'Exspectabam ' and the verbs 
 which follow are in the epistolary tense. 
 
 3. Eram autem totus . . . cogitabam, * I am always present with 
 you: and although I should do so of myself without these memorials of 
 you, yet reminded by them, I think of you the more ardently.' Atticus 
 was almost an Athenian, having gone to live at Athens, and taken a large 
 part of his fortune thither as a young man. He remained there about 
 twenty-three years, from B.C. 8S to 65 : and no doubt he frequently revisited 
 it. The Athenians, in gratitude for his benefactions, set up a statue to him. 
 Corn. Nep. Vit. Att. 
 
 4. Sine iis, so. vestigiis. 
 
 For the idiomatic ipse instead of ' ipsum ' cp. ' Si quid ratione per se ipsi 
 invenerint' Fin. 3. 5. 
 
 9. Lege lulia. By the Julian law, as is implied in this passage, certain 
 things might be demanded by the pro-consul from the cities through which 
 he passed. There is no record of what these things were. Cicero would 
 not accept even so much. 
 
 Nihil ab hospite. Magistrates passing to their provinces were 
 generally entertained at public expense, a host being assigned them by the 
 town they lodged in. Cicero travelled at his own cost everywhere. 
 
 12. Quod siiperest . . . placere, 'for the rest (in fine) I am taking 
 great trouble in this matter, in the way which I felt that you would wish.' 
 ' Quod superest' has little more force than that of a connecting particle. 
 
 13. Cum erunt perorata, ' when I shall have finished them,' a me- 
 taphor from the end or peroration of a speech. 
 
 14. Keliqua sunt . . . emerserim, ' other things are of such a nature 
 that I often blame my ill advice, in not in some way escaping from this 
 business,' namely, from taking a province. What he refers to in the word 
 ' reliqua ' he partly expresses in the following passage. ' Emerserim ' after 
 ' quod,' because it expresses the contents of the word consilium. : ' my ill 
 advice in that I did not escape.' 
 
 16. tpSot Tis •^i' eKaaros elSfirj rfxt'^jv, 'let every one work at his own 
 trade.' The line is Arist. Vesp. 1422. 
 
 20. Iracunde vel insolenter : namely, by his officers and companions. 
 Cicero's difficulty was to make them behave rightly and with courtesy 
 towards the inhabitants of the provinces. 
 
 21. Tacenttir, 'are kept silence about, not spoken of.'
 
 £,p. 30. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. I43 
 
 22. Quae non quo . . . sunt, 'these things I do not write at length, 
 not because I wish to hide them from you, but because they are hard to 
 express,' (that is, such as he was loth to express). 5uo-€^€i\T]Ta, a word 
 coined b^' Cicero, from e^etkeeo, ' to unfold.' For ' non quo te celem ' see 
 Ep. 5. 2, note. The accusative after 'celo* is common. ' Bassus noster 
 me de hoc libro celavit' Fam. 7. 20. Cp. Ep. 22. 34, note. 
 
 24. Ergo liaec quoque liactenus, ' therefore I will only write so far 
 of these things also : ' that is, I will say no more. As he had already cut 
 short his account of his own moderation (1. 13), so he will now cut short his 
 account of the misconduct of his subordinates, although he has got nothing 
 else before him to write about. Erat is the epistolary impf. 
 
 28. Quid de Caesaris . . . actum sit, ' what has been done about 
 my accounts with Caesar and Milo.' For the former see Ep. 29. 9, note. 
 Milo's property had been sold on his banishment to Marseilles in April B.C. 
 52 for the murder of Clodius. Cicero, under the name of Philotimus, a 
 freedman of Terentia, had bought some of it, in order (as he says) that no 
 one might buy it who would demand the ' mancipia ' which Milo had carried 
 oft' with him. Milo was dissatisfied at Philotimus having any part in the 
 transaction, and Cicero had written to Atticus from Brundisium to remove 
 this dissatisfaction, and give up the purchase, if Milo wished. Att. 5. 8. 
 
 29. Non modo nemo: understand ' erat' or ' venerat.' 'Not only no 
 person, but not even any rumour, has reached me.' 
 
 31. Per mihi gratum. 'Per' often occurs thus in tmesi. Cp. ' Ista 
 sunt pergrata perque iucunda ' Cic. de Or. 47. 
 
 34. Ttirbae dumtaxat, ' I mean the crowds.' ' Dumtaxat ' (from 
 ' dum ' and ' taxo,' ' to estimate') gives point and emphasis to the word it is 
 connected with. ' Exactly neither more nor less,' is the original meaning : 
 hence ' only,' ' at least.' 
 
 36. Si quidem est in Aristo, 'exemplified as it is in Aristus,' lit. ' since 
 it is in Aristus.' The constr. is forced, and the passage probably corrupt. 
 He means the Academic philosophy which he describes as turning things 
 upside down, making all things uncertain. The motto of the school is put as 
 a name for the school. He elsewhere calls Aristus the representative of the 
 Old Academy, ' haeres veteris Academiae,'and his friend and host. Brut. 97. 
 Cicero is not speaking with exactness, for it was the later Academy, not the 
 old, which was sceptical. Four or five systems of Academic philosophy are 
 enumerated, but the distinctions are obscure between them. ' The teaching 
 of the Old Academy ' was meant to be a carrying out of Plato's doctrines. 
 About two hundred years after, Arcesilaus taught that we knew nothing, 
 not even the fact of our ignorance. Cic. Ac. i. 12. Cicero elsewhere says: 
 ' O Academiam volaticam et sui similem, modo hue modo illuc' Att. 13. 25. 
 He himself inclined to these opinions, but undecidedly, and with a mixture 
 of others. Xeno, with whom Qiiintus was staying, was an Epicureaa 
 philosopher, as may be inferred from Cicero's calling him ' tuum.*
 
 144 NOTES. Ep. 31. 
 
 40. ITbi quoque tempore, ' where you are from time to time.' 
 Atticus seems not to have left Rome: Att. 5. 12 ' quoniam Romae com- 
 moraris.' 
 
 Ep. 31. This letter is a specimen of Cicero's tact and kind feeling. 
 Memmius had some property at Athens, in which were the remains of a 
 house that had belonged to Epicurus. He had planned some buildings on the 
 site, with the permission of the court of the Areopagus. Patro had written 
 to Cicero, before he left Rome, to ask him to intercede with Memmius to 
 allow the house to remain the property of the Epicurean sect, and repeated 
 his request on Cicero's arrival at Athens. Memmius having a quarrel with 
 Patro, Cicero writes carefully, and sends a copy of his letter to Atticus. 
 Att. 5. II ' Itaque scripsi ad eum accurate: cujus epistolae misi ad te 
 exempKim.' 
 
 I. Etsi non satis . . . visurus essem, 'although I did not feel quite 
 sure vshether it would cause me some distress, or pleasure instead of distress, 
 to see you at Athens.' 
 
 3. Iniiiria. Cicero speaks by way of compliment, for Memmius was 
 probably justly convicted of bribery. He was certainly an unprincipled man, 
 for he had entered into a disgraceful bargain with the consuls of the year 
 B.C. 54, intended to secure for himself and Domitius Calvinus the consulship 
 of the following year, and to secure their provinces to the existing consuls. 
 He had then betrayed his accomplices and revealed the plot in the senate at 
 the instigation of Pompeius. Cicero relates the occurrence with proper 
 indignation. Att. 4. 17. Even Rome was shocked. See Q^ Fr. 3. 2. 
 
 8. Interea, quod . . . nunc, ' meantime, I will undertake a matter 
 which can be both undertaken by letter with you, and, as I trust, carried 
 through.' ' Conficere ' is often used like ' perficere.' Fam. 9. 13 ' Reditum 
 hominibus confeci.' Pro Balb. 20 ' Gerere et conficere bella.' 
 
 II. Sed id . . . psrsuaseris, 'but if you shall be of opinion that it is 
 a matter of importance to me, but of no manner of consequence to you, 
 grant it to me, on condition that you feel, first, that you can do it without 
 reluctance.' This is the sense of the passage, which can hardly be brought 
 out by a literal rendering. 
 
 13. Cum Patrone . . . communia sunt, 'between Patro the Epi- 
 curean and myself there is entire friendship.' 
 
 17. De suis com.modis. Nothing is known of the particulars of this 
 occurrence. 
 
 19. Phaedro. This Epicurean philosopher was a friend of Atticus when 
 the latter resided at Athens. De Fin. 5. i. He was an elegant writer. 
 Nat. Deor, I. 33. He was now dead but had strongly recommended Patro 
 to Cicero, and (as is intimated below) had earnestly wished the house of 
 Epicurus to be kept. Philo was an eminent philosopher of the Academic 
 school. Driven from Athens with other Athenians of rank in the Mithri- 
 datic war, he settled at Rome, where Cicero eagerly attended his teaching;
 
 Ep. 32. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 45 
 
 • totum ei me tradidi* Brut. S9. This was in Cicero's nineteenth year, when 
 Sulla and Pompeius were consuls : and Philo's teaching may have been the 
 means of converting him from the doctrines of Epicurus. 
 
 35. Nisi tamen . . . causa, ' though one can much less allow you thaa 
 him to show anxiety on a matter that is not worth it.' The use cif ' nisi ' 
 seems hardly justified by the sense, unless we understand it thus, ' I have 
 nothing to say except that one can,' etc. 
 
 36. Orationem. Possibly a speech of Patro made before the Areopagus. 
 
 37. Honorem. Either the honour of Epicurus or his own, which was 
 concerned in keeping the house and gardens for the purpose for which it 
 had been left. Schiitz prefers the latter. 
 
 3S. Testamentorum ius. For Epicurus when dying had left his 
 gardens to his friend Hermarchus, to be the property of his disciples there- 
 after. Diog. Laert. lo. 
 
 Phaedri obtestationem, ' the solemn engagement by which Phae- 
 drus bound him.' 
 
 48. Won quo. See Ep. 5. 2, note. Atticus was an Epicurean : but 
 Cicero speaks of the sect contemptuously, perhaps because there were not 
 many men of culture now among them. Writing to Atticus on the same 
 matter, and telling him that he had used his name with Memmius, he says, 
 ' Apud Patronem et reliquos barones te in maxima gratia pojui ' Att. 5. 11. 
 Memmius, though a bad and unscrupulous man, was prob.ibly an accom- 
 plished person, as Lucretius implies in the dedication of his poem to 
 him: 
 
 ' Memmiadae nostro, quern tu, Dea, tempore in omni 
 Omnibus ornatum voliiisti excellere rebus' Lucr. I. 26. 
 
 See also Brut, "jo, where Cicero thus describes him : ' C. Memmius L. F. 
 perfectus Uteris, sed Graecis ; fastidiosus sane Latinorum : argutus orator, 
 verbisque dulcis : sed fugiens non modo dicendi, verum etiam cogitandi 
 laboreni, tantum sibi de facultate detraxit, quantum imminuit industriae.' 
 
 57. tnTO[j.vT][Ji.aTio-|A6v. The decree of the Areopagus (properly 'record,' 
 ' memorandum ') by which Memmius had permission to build on the dis- 
 puted site. Patro had at first wished Cicero to write directly to the Areo- 
 pagite council to ask them to withdraw the decree : but it seemed better 
 policy to write to Memmius for his permission, without which it was not 
 Jikely that their request would be granted. The influence of a powerful 
 Roman, though in exile, with a provincial assembly, seems to have been 
 immense. Att. 5. 11. There is no record whether Cicero's application 
 was successful. 
 
 Ep. 32. I. Saturnalibus. The 19th of December (a.d. xiv Kal. Jan.) 
 was at this time the day of the proper religious festival of the Saturnalia, 
 though the holiday was longer, as Cicero below speaks of the third day of 
 the feast. The adoption of the Julian calendar led to some confusion, and 
 Augustus enjoined that the 17th, iSth and 19th of December should bu 
 
 L
 
 146 
 
 NOTES. Ep. 32. 
 
 sacred. In the time of Claudius, there were two additional days. Smith, 
 Diet. Ant. 
 
 Pindenissitae. Pindenlssus was a stronghold in Cilicia inhabited by 
 a wild people who liked the Parthians better than the Romans. Cicero had 
 a great desire to distinguish himself as a general, and having extc-minated 
 the barbarous tribes on Mount Amanus, proceeded to take Pindenissus, 
 which however cost him a siege of nearly seven weeks. 
 
 2. Postquam . . coepimus. This is the usual construction of' postquam.' 
 But it is also used with the pluperfect to denote the lapse of a length of 
 time, and especially when a defined interval is specified. ' Hannibal anno 
 tertio postquam domo profugerat, Africam accessit ' Corn. Nep. Hann. 8. 
 
 5. Num potui .... reddere, ' could I change Cilicia into Aetolia 
 or Macedonia;' places you are familiar with, and where war would be on 
 a greater scale. 
 
 6. Tanta negotia : such as would have to be carried on in Aetolia and 
 Macedonia. 
 
 7. Sic enim. Atticus had said he would be satisfied with a summary of 
 Cicero's doings. 
 
 8. Ephesum. Att. 5. 13. He arrived there July 22nd. 
 
 II. Quae erant. Perhaps the words ' in itinere ' have slipped out. 
 
 13. Honorificisqtie verbis .... superiores, ' with complimentary 
 words I removed the impression of former injuries,' namely, from the minds 
 of the people of Laodicea. This figurative meaning of ' revello,' ' to tear 
 out,' is common. Phil. 13. 12 ' Cuius totus consulatus est ex omni monu- 
 mentorum memoria revulsus.' Schiitz is doubtful, however, to whose inju- 
 ries Cicero alludes, on the ground that he would have named Appius if he 
 had meant his unjust acts towards the provincials. But Cicero perhaps pur- 
 posely speaks vaguely, and meant to include causes of offence which the 
 ' publican! ' might have given, as well as the oppression of Appius. 
 
 14. Apameae. Apamea (Cibotos), Synnada, and Philomelium were in 
 Phrygia, not far from the confluence of the Maeander and Marsyas ; Iconium 
 in Lycaonia. The short time Cicero remained in each city was owing to his 
 haste to arrive at the camp, before any fresh movement of the Parthians 
 should occur. The defeat and death of Crassus had occurred two years 
 before, at Charrae, and though Cassius had saved the remnant of the army, 
 and twice repulsed the Parthians, there was, no doubt, room for disquiet. 
 
 17. Incastra: at Iconium. 
 
 18. Lustravi, ' I reviewed.' Hirt. B. G. 8. 54 ' Legionibus ad fines 
 Trevirorum evocatis, eo profectus est, ibique exercitum lustravit.' ' Lustro ' 
 is properly ' to purify,' ' offer expiation : ' hence ' review,' because then sacri- 
 fices were offered. Livy I. 44 'Exercitum omnem suovetaurilibus lustravit.' 
 
 Cicero had two legions. Five cohorts of these, which had mutinied, he 
 had reduced to allegiance through his prefect Anneius. He also had raised a 
 sufficient force of cavalry, veteran soldiers ('evocati') and auxiliaries from the
 
 Ep. 32. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO, I47 
 
 population of friendly princes ; and Deiotarus, king of Galatia, a faithful ally 
 of the Romans, promised to aid with all his forces, which however proved to 
 be unnecessary. (Fam. 15. 4; in which letter, to Cato, he gives a fuller 
 account of his military actions.) 
 
 23. Ad Cybistra. Cicero's first plan had been to march through Cilicia 
 to Mount Anianus, where some fierce tribes needed to be subdued. Hearing 
 through messengers of the king of Comniagene that the Armenian king, 
 Artavasdes, whose sister was married to the Parthian prince, had invaded 
 Syria, he thought it better to keep more to the north, in order to protect 
 Cappadocia and its friendly chieftains, especially as Cappadocia was exposed 
 to an attack from the Armenians and Parthians, whereas Cilicia was pro- 
 tected by Mount Amanus, through which there were only two passages on 
 the side of Syria, both easily defended. He therefore marched to the south- 
 western corner of Cappadocia which adjoins Cilicia, and encamped for five 
 days at Cybistra, north of Mount Taurus, until, hearing that the Parthians 
 were not threatening Cappadocia, but Cilicia, he resumed his first design, 
 and turning southwards reached Tarsus, through the gates of Taurus, on the 
 fifth of October. During the five days at Cybistra he established the power 
 of Ariobarzanes king of Cappadocia, who had been recommended to his 
 protection by the senate, and persuaded the priest of Comana, who was dan- 
 gerous to the king from his power and spirit, to retire. He seems in all 
 this to have acted with prudence and vigour. 
 
 27. Inde ad Araanum contendi. On arriving at Mount Amanus he 
 heard that Cassius had repulsed the Parthians from Antioch, mortally- 
 wounding Osaces. Cassius was in command until the arrival of Bibulus, 
 between whom and Cicero there was some jealousy. The repulse of the 
 Parthians gave Cicero time to reduce the mountaineers of Amanus. He de- 
 scribes the operations more at length to Cato (Fam. 15. 4). 
 In aquarum divertio, at the watershed. 
 
 36. Scis enim dici . , . toO 'no\(\).ov. Schiitz thinks the whole of 
 this sentence is transposed. It would come in better after the words ' cum 
 graves de Parthis nuntii venirent' 1. 19. If to be read here it must mean 
 that some panic and vain rumours were his reason for leaving Amanus. 
 
 37. Buinore adventus nostri. In his letters to Cato and Caelius (Fam. 
 15. 4 ; 2. 10) he does not take credit for the retreat of the Parthians; and 
 it seems that he heard of it on his arrival at Amanus, 
 
 43. Bibvilus. M. Calpurnius Bibulus, who had obtained the province of 
 Syria. He advanced on Amanus from the Syrian side, 
 
 Appellatione liac inani, sc. ' imperatoris.' 
 
 44. Loreolam in mustaceo, ' to seek for fame in trifles.' ' Mustaceum " 
 is a cake made with new wine, ' mustum,' and laurel leaves were used in the 
 cookery. No explanation is given of the proverb, unless it means that it 
 would be impossible to find the laurel, which would be burned. Facciolati. 
 Observe that ' loreolam ' for ' laureolam ' is an instance of ' plebeius sernio,' 
 
 L 2
 
 148 NOTES. Ep. 32. 
 
 vulgar Latin, which said 'o' for 'au,' and employed such forms as ' dixti, 
 ' scripsti,' which occur in the IVIed. MS. See Rhein. Mus. xi. 509. 
 
 58. Saturnalibus tertiis, ' on the third day of the Saturnalia,' De- 
 cember 19. 
 
 59. In tribunali. The 'tribunal ' in the camp was the raised platform 
 from which the general spoke. f>om this the auction of the slaves was held. 
 
 HS. CXX = 'centies vicies centena millia sestertium,' 12,000,000 
 sestertii, or 12,000 sestertia, which (counting the sestertium at 8^. ijs. id.) 
 gives 106,250?. Merivale (in ' Life and Letters') says about 105,000^ 
 For the ambiguity of the signs CXX see Madv. Suppl. IL A. 
 
 64. Ligurino. The allusion is not understood. Cato has been supposed 
 to be meant, but there is no sufficient explanation. 
 
 65. Elegantius. Namely, than his own conduct in his proconsulate. 
 69. Fviit tanti, 'it was worth while' to undertake this government: 
 
 namely, because it gave him an opportunity of proving to himself his own 
 disinterestedness. 
 
 72. Interim haec Xafiirpd. He had called his government ' praeclarum :' 
 meantime his success in the case of Ariobarzanes was more than this, it was 
 glorious. 
 
 73. «v irapoSw . . . servavi, ' in passing, by my advice and authority, 
 and by refusing not only to receive gifts but even to see the intriguers 
 against him, I saved the king and his kingdom.' Cicero had real cause for 
 congratulating himself on this success. 
 
 76. K"e piltim. quidem, ' I have not exacted even a mite.' ' Pilus,' 
 literally, ' a hair.' 
 
 Brutum abiectum. Ariobarzanes owed Brutus some money, which 
 he had despaired of receiving. 
 
 77. Excitavi, ' I have cheered.' For this sense of ' excito ' cp. ' ut amici 
 iacentem animum excitet' Cic. Lael. 16. 
 
 78. Teruncium, ' not a farthing of expense.' Ter-uncius (niimmus), 
 three-twelfths, or a quarter of an as. Att. 5. 17 'Sic in provincia nos 
 gerimus, ut nullus teruncius insumatur in quemquam.' 
 
 81. At te Eomae . . . futurum est, 'but am I to understand that 
 you will not be at Rome ? However, [if you are not there when my 
 public letters are read] what is to take place on the lirst of March is the 
 really important thing.' 
 
 82. Vereor , . . retineamur, ' for I am afraid that when the question 
 of Caesar's province is discussed, if he resists (by letter) I shall be kept here.' 
 There was however much more at stake in this question than Cicero's 
 return. The consuls of the following year (b.c. 50'), C. Claudius Marcellus 
 and Aemilius Paulus, were to bring forward a proposal for a decree of the 
 senate (in accordance with a resolution, ' auctoritas,' of the senate passed in 
 September, 51), that Caesar should lay down his command, and should not 
 be allowed to sue for the consulship in his absence. The former proposal
 
 Ep. 32. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. I49 
 
 was clearly contrary to the Trebonian law of B.C. 55, which gave Caesar a 
 prolongation of his command for five year.«, till the end of the year 49 ; the 
 latter to a law of B.C. 52, dispensing with his presence (Sueton. J. C. 26), 
 which Cicero had supported (Ad Att. 7. i). When the proposals were brought 
 forward in March, the tribune Curio, Cicero's friend and correspondent, 
 succeeded in baffling Marcellns, and although the senate decreed Caesar's 
 recall, towards the end of the year 50, the effect of the decree was neutral- 
 ized by the stipulation that Pompeius also should lay down his command. 
 But it was an open attack upon Caesar, which was really the commencement 
 of hostilities. Cicero, in this letter, seems to fear lest the discussion should 
 end in a general order for proconsuls to keep their provinces, which would 
 have prevented his return. See for the history, Merivale's ' Life and Letters,' 
 and Hist. Empire, i. 13. 
 
 89. lucunda de Caesare. No doubt the resolution of the senate above 
 mentioned, passed in September. 
 
 91. Incendio Plaetoriano : not a literal conflagration, but the con- 
 demnation of Plaetorius, in which Seius was in some way involved. Seius 
 was a friend of Cicero, who elsewhere speaks of him familiarly and laments 
 his death. Earn. 9. 7; Att. 12. 11. He perhaps was out of humour with 
 him now because he had prosecuted Saufeius, an accomplice of Milo, whom 
 Cicero defended. 
 
 92. Lucceius. No doubt the historian. Cassius was tribune the follow- 
 ing year (b.c. 49) with Antonius. Lucceius may have spoken in con- 
 demnation of his extortion in Syria, for which he would have been im- 
 peached, if the civil war had not saved him. For some account of Lucceius 
 see on Ep. 18. 
 
 94. Togam puram. The white toga, contrasted with the ' praetexta ' 
 bordered with purple, which boys wore till they assumed the ' toga pura,' 
 ' virilis,' or ' libera,' for it was called by all these names. It was given, gene- 
 rally, after the completion of the 14th year, in March, at the festival ' Li- 
 beralia.' Smith, Diet. Ant. 
 
 lubeor : namely, by Quintus, father of the boy. 
 
 Cui moderabor, ' whom I will restrain : ' for he needed discipline. 
 'Moderor' is used both with a dative and accusative. 
 
 96. Cum. Ciceronibus : the two cousins, the son of Quintus and his 
 own son. 
 
 99. Nicanor : a slave of Atticus. Att. 5. 3. Alexis, another. 
 
 102. Alexis . . . faeit, ' that Alexis so often adds a postscript, wishing 
 me well, is pleasant to me. But why does he not do as my Alexis (i.e. 
 Tiro) does to you, write to me himself?' 
 
 104. Phemio, ' I am looking out for a (Phrygian) horn for Phemius.' 
 He was, no doubt, a slave or a freedman of Atticus, who was a musician. 
 The name Phemius may however be an allusion of Cicero's to Homer's 
 minstrel. Od. 1. 154.
 
 150 NOTES. Ep, 33. 
 
 107. Thermo: propraetor of Asia. There are five letters from Cicero 
 to him : Fam. 13. 53-57 inclusive. 
 
 110. Pammeni. It is not known who this boy was. Manutius con- 
 jectures that Atticus and Cicero were his guardians. Cp. Att. 6. 2 sub fin. 
 ' Pammenia ilia mihi non placent.' 
 
 Ep. 33. 1. Sine praenomine. The 'praenomen' of Volumnius, to 
 ■whom Cicero writes, was Publius. Publius Volumnius was a Roman knight, 
 called Eutrapelus on account of his wit. He is mentioned elsewhere as a 
 friend of Antonius (Phil. 13. 2), and after the defeat of the latter at Mutina, 
 B.C. 46, he was protected by Atticus, and in his turn concealed Atticus 
 during the proscription of the triumvirate. He seems to have been a man 
 of letters and of taste, but of bad character: for he put on the list of the 
 proscribed the poet Julius Calidus, on account of his wealth, though, at the 
 request of Atticus, he afterwards saved him. He was chief of the engineers 
 (praefectus fabrum) to Antonius. Fam. 7. 33 ; 9. 26 ; Corn. Nep. Vit. Att. 
 9. 10, 13. 
 
 2. Addubitavi, ' I was inclined to doubt ; ' rather weaker than ' du- 
 bitavi.' 
 
 4. siTpaireXia litterarum, the wit of the letter. There is a play upon 
 the ' cognomen ' of Volumnius. Cp. ' Apud Volumnium Eutrapelum ' Fam. 
 9. 26. 
 
 5. Quod parum . . . defenditur, ' that you, my bailiff, are not careful 
 enough in protecting my property in my salt-works.' By his 'salt-works,' 
 Cicero means his witty sayings, ' sales * being used for ' wit.* He playfully 
 calls Volumnius his agent, and says that he should have taken more care of 
 his reputation for wit. 
 
 7. irt ego discesserim, ' after my departure.' Subjunctive of the 
 oratio obliqua ; the notion in ' discesserim ' not being stated as a fact, but 
 depending through conferri upon ais. ' Ut,' meaning ' since,' takes the 
 perfect indicative (in oratio directa). Madv. § 441. 
 
 8. Sestiana. Sestius must have been some one whose wit was poor. 
 ' Conferri,' ' to be ascribed to.' 
 
 10. Ita notata. He hoped that by his remarks in 'De Oratore ' he had 
 left his opinion so clear as to what kinds of jokes were legitimate, that such 
 as did not belong to the classes (' genera ') there enumerated would be never 
 supposed to come from him. 
 
 11. Tanta faex, ' such a vulgar crowd;' literally, 'dregs.' Att. 2. I 
 ' Dicit enim, tanquam in Platonis iroXiTeia, non tanquam in Romuli faece, 
 sententiam.' I. 16 ' Apud sordem urbis et faecem.' Lucret. 5. II40 
 
 ' Res itaque ad summam faecem turbasque redibat, 
 Imperium sibi cum ac summatum quisque petebat.* 
 
 1 2. ciKiiOTjpov. A word coined by Cicero, in imitation of ' invenustum.* 
 
 13. Pugna, si me amas . . . non esse, 'unless some pointed am- 
 biguity, some elegant hyperbole, some neat pun, some ridiculous surprise, or
 
 Ep. 34- LETTERS OF T.I. T. CICERO. I5I 
 
 some example of the other forms, which I have discussed in the second book 
 " De Oratore" in the charader of Antonius, on the subject of witticisms, 
 shall appear (in these jests ascribed to me) scientifically expressed and 
 ingeniously, as you love me fight, like one contending, in a real suit, that 
 they are not mine.' ' Sacramentum ' is used for a sum of money deposited 
 by the parties to a suit, and was so called, according to Festus, because, if 
 forfeited, it was used for sacred purposes. Hence the suit itself. Pro Mil. 27 
 ' Qui non caluninia litium, non injustis vindiciis ac sacramentis, alienos fundos 
 petebat.' Perhaps, however, a simpler explanation is ' upon oath.' 
 
 The second book De Oratore, 62, etc., contains instances of the different 
 kinds of jests mentioned here. The -napaypafiixa, there called Trapcopo/x- 
 aaia, was a change of letter, as ' mobiliorem ' for ' nobiliorem.' The irapoi 
 TTpoahoKiav contains the large class of jokes which arise from the unex- 
 pected nature of an answer : ' cum aliud exspectemus aliud dicitur.' As the 
 speaker in the De Oratore is not Antonius, but Julius Caesar, the words 
 per Antonii personam are supposed to be an interpolation. 
 
 18. Warn de iudiciis . . . laboro, ' for as to your complaints about 
 the law proceedings, I am much less anxious: as far as I am concerned all 
 the defendants may be hung : let even Selius be so eloquent as to succeed 
 in proving that he is not venal, I care not.' Selius was some orator known 
 to be bought. 
 
 20. TJrbanitatis . . . defendamus, ' my proprietary rights, in the case 
 of humour, let us defend, I beseech you, by all possible bars.' The terms are 
 taken from a process at law, by which ' possessio ' (or ownership) was pro- 
 tected by 'interdicts' of the judge, prohibiting wrongful claims. Smith, 
 Diet., art. ' Interdictum.' 
 
 22. In qua: namely, in wit. 
 
 23. Derideri te . . . sapere, 'you think I am bantering you; now 
 at last I know how sensible you are:' i.e. you are right: I am bantering 
 you. 
 
 25. Ilia, 'what follows in your letter.' Volumnius, as we gather from 
 the next sentence, had reported som.e words or acts of the tribune (no doubt 
 Cicero's friend Curio) which were ridiculous. 
 
 34. Dolabellam : now betrothed to Tullia. He was a profligate young 
 man, deep in debt. Cicero had great fears for his daughter's happiness, but 
 made the best of the matter, hoping that Dolabella would improve. Fam. 
 2. 15 and 16, 
 
 36. Non quo. See Ep. 5, 2, note. 
 
 37. Non, repeated for emphasis to strengthen the negative already given 
 in non meherculo. 
 
 Ep. 34. Cicero was very anxious that a public thanksgiving (' suppli- 
 catio') should be decreed to him by the senate, for his military exploits. 
 This honour had been paid him on account of his success in detecting 
 and suppressing Catiline's conspiracy; a singular instance of it being decreed
 
 152 NOTES. Ep.35. 
 
 for something other than victory in war. His great object was, afterwards, 
 to obtain a triumph, to which the thanksgiving would be a step ; though 
 the former did not always follow, as Cato reminds him in this letter. Cato, 
 though he had spoken honourably of Cicero in the senate, had not voted for 
 the decree, though after it had passed he had subscribed it. Fam. 8. Ii; 
 and Ep. 36. 
 
 2. Tuam virtutem, etc. govern togati, armati, lit. ' your valour, etc. 
 of you as a citizen and a soldier.' See Madv. § 297 a. 
 
 4. Administrare ; infinitive constructed with ' virtutem,' etc. The 
 verb is here used intransitively or with ' rem ' understood. Cp. Caes. B. G. 
 3. 26 ' Administrantibus M. Antonius et F. Caleno.' Sail. B. J. 92 ' Milites 
 neque pro opere consistere propter iniquitatem loci, neque inter vineas sine 
 periculo administrare.' ' Curare ' is thus sometimes used. Sail. Cat. 59 
 ' C. Manlium in dextera, Faesulanum quemdam in sinistra parte curare 
 jubet.' 
 
 8. Feci. Cato certainly selects those points in Cicero's proconsular 
 government which were most deserving of praise : but probably neither he, 
 nor his countrymen generally, attached much importance to Cicero's military 
 success. Moreover Caesar's great and hazardous exploits in the Gallic wars, 
 which he had just brought to a triumphant close, and for which he had 
 received more than one ' supplicatio,' would throw into the shade the sub- 
 jugation of a few barbarous mountaineers. 
 
 Supplicationem . . . gaudeo, ' I rejoice that a thanksgiving was 
 decreed for 3'ou, if you yourself, in a matter wherein nothing was left to 
 chance, but everything foreseen for the public good by your great prudence 
 and self-denial — if j'ou, I say, prefer that we should thank the immortal gods 
 for this, rather than put it down to your credit.' 
 
 12. Praerogativam, ' a precedent for,' or 'a step towards.* 'Praeroga- 
 tiva,' properly an adjective agreeing with 'tribus' or ' centuria,' was used of 
 the tribe whose vote was first asked. As this generally was a sign how all 
 the votes would go, the word came to be used as a substantive, for some- 
 thing from which a future event could be augured, or guessed. 
 
 22. Instituto itinere, 'in the course you have entered upon.' Or it 
 may mean, taking ' itinere ' literally, ' when you have entered on your 
 journey home, secure to the allies and republic (a continuance of) the strict- 
 ness and diligence you have shown.' For, on leaving his province, it was 
 important that Cicero should put a good ruler in charge of it, until another 
 proconsul should be appointed. He was anxious on this point himself, 
 but did not succeed very well, as he appointed Caelius Caldus, a young man 
 of very indifferent character. Att. 6. 3. 
 
 Ep. 35. I. Appium orno. How little Cicero approved of the conduct 
 of Appius in his proconsulate appears from his letters to Atticus written sooi? 
 after his arrival in his province, about a year before the date of this letter. 
 He there speaks of hini as more like a wild beast than a man in his cruelty
 
 Ep. 35. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO, I53 
 
 and oppression, and says that he had enough to do to heal the wounds he 
 had inflicted. Att. 5. 16 and 17. Notwithstanding this, and although 
 Appius treated him badly, Cicero did all he could to aid him, so far as his 
 duty to his province permitted. He wished to keep on good terms with 
 him, and perhaps really felt something of the personal kindness to him 
 which he often expressed. Pompeius also was a friend of Appius, which 
 was another motive with Cicero. ' Pro Appio nos hie omnia faciemus ; 
 honeste tamen, sed plane libenter, nee enim ipsum odimus, et Brutum amamus ; 
 et Pompeius mirifice a me contendit' Att. 6. 2. 
 
 2. Accusatoris eius socer. On his return to Rome Appius was im- 
 peached by Dolabella at the end of the year B.C. 51, on two suits, for 
 'maiestas,' and bribery. The former charge was vague, and included any 
 acts derogatory to the Commonwealth. He had been acquitted of both, 
 partly in consequence of Cicero's testimony. Fam. 3. 11 and 12. Cicero 
 had been somewhat embarrassed by the betrothal of Tullia to Dolabella, 
 while the trial was pending, wishing to be on good terms with both. It 
 appears from this passage that the marriage had now taken place. 
 
 3. Di adprobent. He uses the same expression in a letter to Caelius, 
 Written just before this. Fam. 2.15' Quod actum est, di adprobent.' The 
 fact is that Cicero, who tenderly loved Tullia, had much reason to fear for 
 her happiness. Dolabella had divorced his wife Fabia in order to marry her. 
 His dissipated character and rash conduct caused Tullia much misery, and 
 after four years a divorce took place between them. In the following year 
 she died. 
 
 Ita velim. See Madv. § 350 b. The subjunctive expresses modestly 
 and cautiously what the indicative says positively. This usage is most 
 frequent in the first person, as in such phrases as ' Haud facile dixerim,' and 
 the like. So ' malim,' ' nolim,' are used for ' I am inclined to prefer,' etc, A 
 wish which cannot be fulfilled is expressed by ' vellem,' ' mallem,' ' noUem.' 
 
 Sed crede mihi . . . sponsalibus, ' but, believe me, there was 
 nothing I expected less, and I had sent persons on whom I could rely to 
 the women (Terentia and Tullia) about Tiberius Nero, who had applied 
 to me (as suitor for Tullia); but they only arrived at Rome after the be- 
 trothal (to Dolabella).' ' Certus ' is used not unfrequently in this sense. 
 Att. 5. 17 'Habebam certos homines, quibus darem literas.' Fam. i. 7 
 ' Qiioties mihi certorum hominum potestas erit, quibus recte dem, non prae- 
 termittam.' Plant. Trin. i. 57 
 
 ' Sed tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus.' 
 Tiberius Nero was husband, afterwards, of the celebrated Livia, who was 
 subsequently divorced by her husband that Augustus Caesar might marry 
 her. 
 
 6. Hoc spero melius, ' I hope that this engagement is better.' 
 8. Cetera noli, ' As for the rest of his character, don't expose it with 
 all its delects.'
 
 154 NOTES. Ep. 35. 
 
 «|aKav0ifav is, properly, • to pull out thorns.' Dobbella's disagree- 
 able qualities are spoken of as ' thorns.' 
 
 9. irvpoiis €ls S-qfiov, ' do you give wheat to the people?' 
 
 Athenis. See Corn. Nep. Vit. Attici, 2 ' Hie ita vixit ut universis 
 Atheniensibus merito esset carissimus. Nam praeter gratiam, quae iam in 
 adolescentulo magna erat, saepius suis opibus inopiam eorum publicam 
 levavit . . . Nam universes frumento donavit, ita ut singulis septem modii 
 trilici darentur.' 
 
 Etsi non . . . liberalitas, ' though it is true that my books (de 
 Republica) did not forbid it : for it was not on your part a largess to fellow- 
 citizens, but an act of generosity to hosts.* 
 
 11. Me tamen . . . cogitet? 'do you tell me to think of my portico 
 for the Academy, while Appius has no more any thought of (that in) 
 Eleusis ? * Cicero had asked advice of Atticus a few months before, whether, 
 as Appius intended to have a portico built at Eleusis, he should give one to 
 the Academy at Athens. Att. 6. I 'Audio Appium TrporrvA.aioi'Eleusine facere. 
 Num inepti fuerimus si nos quoque Academiae fecerimus? puto, inquies. 
 Ergo id ipsum scribes ad me. Equidem valde meas Athenas amo. Volo 
 esse aliquod monumentum. Odi falsas inscriptiones statuarum alienarum.' 
 Atticus seems to have advised him to carry out his plan, but on Appius 
 giving up his, Cicero desisted also. The subjunctive 'cogitet' does not 
 express what was in the mind of Atticus, but the contrast between the con- 
 tents of the subordinate proposition and the principal one. Madv. § 358, 
 obs. 3. Hence cum may be construed ' although,' ' while,' ' whereas.' 
 
 12. De Hortensio. Caelius, writing to Cicero in June of this year, 
 mentioned that Hortensius was dying. Fam. 8. 13 ' Q. Hortensius, quum 
 has literas scripsi, animam agebat.' On his arrival at Rhodes, Cicero heard 
 of his death. See Brut, i, where he speaks of him with great respect. 
 Hortensius was eight years older than Cicero, and rivalled him in oratorical 
 gifts. He was opposed to Cicero in the trial of Verres and in the Manilian 
 law, for which Cicero made his first political speech. He generally supported 
 the ' optimates : ' Cicero thought he treated him badly in the events which 
 led to his exile, but perhaps without ground. It is pleasant to find him 
 lamenting with genuine feeling the death of his great rival, and expressing 
 (as he does, Brut. l) such admiration of hm. 
 
 15. Caelium. C. Caelius Caldus, who had come out as quaestor a 
 month or two before this letter. Fam. 2. 19. He is not to be confounded 
 with M. Caelius, curule aediie, Cicero's correspondent at Rome. In writing 
 to the latter (Fam. 2. 15) Cicero had used almost the same language about 
 Caelius Caldus, whom he plainly thought unfit to be left in charge of the 
 province. But his praefect, Pomptinus, who would have been the proper 
 person, had left him ; his quaestor, Mescinius, was out of the question, and 
 he was unwilling to leave his brother Quintus, even if he would have con- 
 sented to stay, for the reasons which he goes on to mentioa.
 
 Ep. 35. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1^5 
 
 18. In quibus iirlxeiv te scripseras, • in which you wrote that you 
 were in suspense what I ought to do :' «7re'x«(i' is a technical word for ' to be 
 in doubt,' used in the Sceptical philosophy. Cp. Diog. Laert. 9. 107. 
 
 20. Puero traders ? Scil. ' me.' ' Should I leave it to a boy ?' This 
 elliptical use of the infinitive is common in sentences expressing surprise and 
 the like. 
 
 * Mene incepto desistere victam?' Virg. Aen. i. 37. 
 
 ' Tantum laborem capere ob talem filium' Ter. Andr. 5. 2, 27- 
 
 29. At hie triennium. Qnintus had governed Asia for the three 
 years ending B.C. 58. During this period Cicero wrote his celebrated letter 
 to him on the duties of a provincial governor. Q. F. I. I. 
 
 32. Quid si . . . ferebat, ' what if his son, who is but a boy, fwere to 
 cause some trouble) ; a boy too who is self-confident enough ? what distress 
 we should have ! and his father will not part with him, and is annoyed at 
 your thinking that he ought to.* 
 
 34. At nunc . . . laboro, ' I do not speak of what Caeliiis has done, 
 but I am much less anxious as to what he may do, than if my brother were 
 in his place.' The position of the nominative ' Caelius ' is irregular, and 
 accounted for by the colloquial tone of the letter. 
 
 35. Adde illud . . . reliquissem ? 'then, think of this too: Pompeius, 
 a man of such influence, and one who had struck his roots so deep, chose 
 Q^ Cassius, who had been assigned to him without lot, Caesar chose 
 Antonius : should I offend one given me (regularly) by lot ? so as even to 
 provoke him to inquire into the acts of him whom I might have left?' For 
 Caelius had been chosen quaestor by lot at Rome, in regular course, and 
 would have been the enemy of any one preferred to him. Q. Cassius had 
 been chosen quaestor for Spain by Pompeius, B.C. 51. Afterwards he joined 
 Caesar's party, and being tribune with M. Antonius, B.C. 49, protested against 
 the extreme measures of the consuls, and then fled to Caesar's camp, with 
 Cicero's friends Curio and M. Caelius. Cassius was made propraetor of Spain 
 by Caesar, after his conquest of Afranius and Petreius. The appointment 
 of M. Antonius as quaestor by Caesar is related by Hirtius Pansa, B. G. 8. 2. 
 Cicero seems to mean : ' if men so great and popular as Caesar and Pom- 
 peius thought it neediul to put their quaestors in charge of their provinces, 
 although quaestors not regularly assigned to them, how could he pass over 
 his properly appointed quaestor? ' 
 
 36. lis radicibus ; cp. 'vera gloria radices agit, atque etiam propagatur' 
 Off. 2. 12: and elsewhere frequently. 
 
 38. Hoc melius: namely, to accept Caelius. Plura exempla. It was 
 more customary to accept than refuse, or nominate independent! v. 
 
 39. Senectuti. Cicero was now fifty-six years old, having been born 
 Jan. 3, B.C. 106. 
 
 40. Apud eum : with Caelius. 
 
 41. Librarii tui. Nicanor, secretary to Atticus, was with Cicero, and
 
 155 
 
 NOTES. Ep. 36. 
 
 wrote civil letters to Caelius, in the name of Atticus, Cicero dictating them. 
 Schiitz. Atticus was in fact far from civil in his language about Caelius. 
 
 43. Propter hanc TraXiYYevecriav. He refers to his recovery of 
 popularity and influence after his exile. Since that time he had striven 
 to deserve and obtain fresh honour, and this was why he now desired a 
 triumph, as if it would completely obliterate the effects of his calamity, 
 being the highest of public honours. See his letter to Cato, written about 
 six months earlier. 'Si quisquam fuit unquam remotus et natura et magis 
 etiam, ut mihi quidem sentire videor, ratione atque doctrina, ab inani 
 laude et sermonibus vulgi, ego profecto is sum . . . Idem post iniuriam 
 acceptam, quam tu reipublicae calamitatem semper appellas, ego meam non 
 modo calamitatem sed etiam gjoriam, studui quam ornatissima senatus popu- 
 lique Romani de me iudicia intercedere ; itaque et augur postea fieri volui, 
 quod antea neglexeram ; et eum honorem qui a senatu tribui rebus bellicis 
 solet neglectum a me olim, nunc mihi expetendum puto ' Fam. 15. 4. 
 
 Ep. 36. 4. Gratulatione litterarum tuarum. Cato had written to 
 Cicero (Ep. 34"), praising his conduct in his province, but hinting that he had 
 better not apply to the senate for a triumph. Indeed, Cato himself had not 
 even voted in favour of the 'thanksgiving' (supplicatio) which the senate 
 had decreed to Cicero, though he had spoken of him with respect, as Caelius 
 had told Cicero. Fam. 8. 11. 
 
 5. Testimoniis sententiae dictae, 'by the copies which I have 
 received of your speech.' 'Testimonia' (in the plural) is frequently vised 
 for 'copies;' sometimes formally for 'depositions,' as in a rescript of the 
 Emperor Hadrian: 'Alia est auctoritas praesentium testium, alia testimoni- 
 orum quae recitari solent.' Cicero received, through his friend Caelius, full 
 accounts of all transactions in the senate. 
 
 7. Te libenter . . . dares, ' that you granted with pleasure to friendship 
 that (praise) which (at the same time) you were evidently granting to 
 truth;' i.e. to Cicero's merits. Cicero assumes that Cato had said no more 
 than was true of him. And this was the case : Cato had praised him for 
 what he most deserved, without much allusion to his military exploits. 
 ' Itaque, quod pro meo iudicio facere potui, ut innocentia consilioque tuo 
 defensam provinciam, servatum Ariobarzanis cum ipso rege regnum, sociorum 
 revocatam ad studium imperii nostri voluntatem, sententia mea et decreto 
 laudarem, feci ' Ep. 34. 
 
 II. Nam ad meum . . . iudicium, 'for according to my taste, and 
 considering that sound and delicate judgment of yours.' 'Ille' is often 
 used for emphasis, or to designate what is important or well known. 
 Here it expresses Cicero's affected admiration of Cato's judgment. How 
 little he was really satisfied with the part Cato had taken in the matter 
 appears from a letter written to Atticus at Brundisium a few months later, 
 in which he says, ' Hortensius quid egerit aveo scire; et Cato quid agat : 
 qui quidem in me turpiter fuit malevolus. Dedit integritatis. iustitiae.
 
 Ep. 375 38. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 157 
 
 clementiae, fidei mihi testimonium, quod non quaerebam ; qtiod postula- 
 bam, negavit. Itaque Caesar lis Uteris, quibus mihi gratulatur at omnia 
 pollicetur, quomodo exsultat Catonis in me ingratissimi iniuria !' Ep, 39. 
 
 15. Superioribus litteris. Fam. 15,4, quoted in note on Ep. 35. 43. 
 Writing to Atticus, Ep. 39, Cicero gives another reason for his wishing for a 
 triumph, namely, his reluctance to be honoured less than Bibulus, whom 
 he charges with claiming a victory that he had no share in. But it does 
 not appear that Bibulus received more than a ' supplicatio.' Cicero's extreme 
 eagerness in the matter was unworthy of him, and afterwards incidentally 
 caused him much trouble. 
 
 20. Quod, si ita . . . gaudeas, ' if this is the case (that is, if the Senate 
 decrees me a triumph), I only ask of you, what in the most friendly way you 
 say you did (before), that, since you have given me what in your judgment 
 you think the highest honour, you will rejoice if that which I prefer shall 
 happen.' Cicero makes the most of Cato's complimentary letter. 
 
 25. Scribendo adfuisti. Cato's name had been put to the decree 
 granting Cicero the ' supplicatio,' though he had not voted for it. Cp. the 
 lists of senators' names prefi.xed to the decrees, Fam. 8. 8. 
 
 Ep. 37. 4. Qui a te discesserim. On his return to Italy, through 
 Rhodes, Ephesus, Athens and Patrae, accompanied by his son, his nephew 
 Quintus and his young freedman Tiro, Cicero was forced to leave the latter 
 behind at Patrae on account of his illness. Tiro had been ill at the beginning 
 of their journey, and had been then obliged to remain behind for a time, but 
 must have overtaken the travellers afterwards. Cicero's affection for him 
 is one of the pleasing traits which are so attractive in his character: and 
 Tiro deserved his master's attachment. Att. 6. 7 ' Tiro ad te dedisset 
 literas nisi eum graviter aegrum reliquissem. Sed nuntiant melius esse. 
 Ego tamen angor. Nihil enim illo adulescente castius, nihil diligentius.' 
 •Discesserim' is causal conjunctive after the relative. Madv. § 366, 
 
 7. Postea quam cibum eepisti. It appears from this that Cicero 
 must have written back to Tiro very soon after parting with him. It was 
 in fact the day after, as the next letter shows. 
 
 II. Commodo valetudinis tuae, 'without injury to your health.' 
 'Commodo tuo ' would have been more usual, and this idiom is merely an 
 expansion of it. Cp. 'quod tuo commodo fiat' Fam. 4, 2. 
 
 16. Tempestates, ' fair weather.' 
 
 20. Wos ita te desideranaus, ut amemus, 'my desire to see you is 
 restrained by my affection for you.' 
 
 Ep. 38. 1. Discessimus. Cicero left Patrae Nov. 3, B.C. 50, and 
 arrived at Brundisium, as he says in this letter, on the 25th of the same 
 month. This is the eighth letter written to Tiro since he left him, all 
 expressing the same anxiety and afl'ection. 
 
 6. In portum Corcyraeorum ad Cassiopen. Cassiope was a port 
 town belonging to the Corcyraeans on the coast of Epirus, not in Curcyra.
 
 158 NOTES. Ep. 39. 
 
 Dyrrhachium and Cassiope were the seaports from which vessels sailed for 
 Italy. 
 
 9. Cenati : that is, they sailed in the evening ; for the Roman ' cena ' 
 was an evening meal. Att. 9. 8 ' Cenantibus nobis, ac noctu quideni.' 
 
 II. Hydrunten: now Otranto. It was on tlie coast of Calabria, 150 
 stadia south of Brundisium. 
 
 Ludibundi, 'merrily;' that is, 'safely,' 'without anxiety.' Adjec- 
 tives in '-bundus' were originally gerundives and have the sense of the 
 active present participle. 
 
 23. Symphoniam . . . incideres, 'I wish you had excused yourself from 
 going to Lyso's concert, so as to have avoided the coincidence of the 28th 
 day.' The ' hebdomas ' was a technical name among physicians for every 
 seventh day, which days were considered critical in fevers. 
 
 25. Curio misi . . . curatviruin, ' I have written to Curius to see 
 that the physician has his due, and to give you whatever you need ; 
 telling him that I will take care (to make all good) to any one he should 
 have commissioned (to attend you).' Curius was a merchant at Patrae; 
 Epp. 48 and 65 are addressed to him. 
 
 27. Equum et mulum. Observe Cicero's thought for Tiro's comfort. 
 
 28. Ex K. Ian. Then the new consuls, L. Lentulus Crus and C. Clau- 
 dius Marcellus, would come into office, and the question would come on 
 about Caesar's giving up his pro-consulate before his ten years had 
 expired. 
 
 32. Mescinio. Cicero's quaestor, returning, like himself, to Italy. 
 
 33. Honesto aliquo homine, ' some man of weight.' 
 
 Ep. 39. I. Tua felicitate, 'your usual good fortune.' This letter 
 was written on the same day as the last. 
 
 3. Onchesmites, ' blowing from Onchesmus,' a port of Epirus. Winds 
 tvere sometimes thus named from the places from which they blew, as 
 lapyx was used for that blowing from the lapygian promontory; Gaurus, by 
 the Pamphylians, for that from the island Gauris ; Sciron, by the Athenians, 
 for that from the Scironian rocks. 
 
 4. Hunc . . . vendito. ' This spondaic palm off, if you like, as your 
 own on one of your young friends.' 
 
 13. Earn, sc. quartanam. 
 
 16. Sescentas, ' a number of which.' It is commonly used indefinitely, 
 as we sometimes say ' a thousand.' 
 
 18. Iiitterae, ' handwriting.' 
 
 2r. Ut nosti. Instead of describing Tiro he merely says 'ut nosti,' 'as 
 you know,' ' you know what he is.' If you must have an epithet, take 
 * probus.' 
 
 22. Careo aegre, ' I find it hard to do without him.' 
 
 26. Et meliercule . . . urbanitas, ' and indeed there is in the man a 
 native politeness which one soon grows fond of.' For M. Curius see on
 
 Ep. 39. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 159 
 
 Ep. 38. 25. There is a witty letter from Curius to Cicero, written five 
 years later, Fam. 7. 29, to which Ep. 65 is a reply. 
 
 28. Eius testamentum . . . praetoriae, ' I am carrying home his will, 
 sealed with the signets of my son and nephew, and of the praetorian com- 
 pany.' He calls the troop of friends and followers who accompanied him, 
 his bodyguard. Every Roman general had a ' cohors praetoria ' of picked 
 men to attend on him. 
 
 29. Fecit palam te ex libella, me ex teruncio, 'by word of 
 mouth he has made you heir to one-tenth of his property, me to one-fortieth.' 
 ' Haeredem palam facere ' was the technical expression for naming an heir 
 orally before witnesses. ' Licebit ergo testanti vel nuncupare haeredes, vel 
 scribere. Sed si nuncupat, palam debet. Quid est palam ? Non utique in 
 publicum, sed ut exaudiri possit, exaudiri autem non ab omnibus, sed a tes- 
 tibus.' Ulpian, in Schlitz's note. 
 
 The ' libella ' was a small silver coin, stated by Varro, who was a con- 
 temporary of Cicero, to be, then, one-tenth of a denarius. The 'teruncius' 
 was one-fourth of a 'libella:' so that, if the denarius be taken as the unit, 
 the respective shares would be as above explained. There must have been 
 other co-heirs, of course. 
 
 The common way of expressing the value of an inheritance made the 
 •as' the unit: but the 'as' and 'libella' being equal, this cannot be the 
 right explanation here, as Atticus would, in that case, have been ' haeres ex 
 asse,' or heir to the whole. 
 
 30. In Actio . . . mtmeratus est, ' at Actium, in Corcyra, Alexi'o pro- 
 vided me sumptuously' (with entertainment). Actium is not the promontory 
 of this name, which is far to the south of Corcyra, but the port mentioned in 
 the last letter, near Cassiope, where Cicero was detained eight days. 
 
 Corcyrae, 'at Corcyra,' not 'of Corcyra.' See Madv. § 296, a. I. 
 Alexio, an agent of Atticus. 
 32. Thyamim. One of the largest rivers of Epirus. The estate of 
 Atticus may have been situated near it. 
 
 48. Qui pedem porta . . . non extulerit. Cicero is unjust towards 
 Bibulus, who, though he had suffered a defeat, yet had done good service 
 by fomenting discord among the Parthians and averting the outbreak of 
 war. 
 
 53. Quod si . . . essent. ' but if you had been well, some points would 
 before now have been made clear for me.' 
 
 54. De raudusctilo . , . amo, ' I am much obliged to you about the 
 bit of money which Numerius owed me.' Nothing is known of this 
 transaction. 'Raudus,' a piece of copper or brass; hence 'coin.' 
 
 55. Hortensius quid egerit. Hortensius, son of the great orator, was 
 about to sell some of his late father's property, as appears from another 
 letter (Att. 7. 3). Cicero seems to have had some interest in the matter, 
 for he says ' Hortensii legata cognovi.'
 
 l5o NOTES. Ep. 40. 
 
 60. At hie idem Bibulo dierum sx : sc. ' supplicationem decrevit.' 
 Bibulus was Cato's son-in-law. 
 
 62. Cupio .... epistolas, * I shcu'd like to answer all your 
 letters.' 
 
 63. De Clirysippo. Chrysippus was a freedman of Cicero, to whom he 
 had entrusted his son's education. He seems to have heard from Atticus of 
 his leaving him. Chrysippus must have returned to him afterwards, as he is 
 mentioned in connection with Cicero's domestic affairs in a subsequent letter 
 
 (Ep. 45)- 
 
 69. Itaque ■asurpavi . , . iuraret, ' I have therefore put in force that 
 old edict of Drusus the praetor, as they call it, in the case of a man who did 
 not swear when free (to keep") the conditions on which he was freed.' The 
 edict referred to is said by Pighius to be that of M. Drusus, B.C. 116. It is 
 not directly described anywhere, but seems to have ordered that both before 
 and after being manumitted, the slave must swear to perform some services 
 to his late master. See Smith's Diet., art. ' Patronus.' 
 
 71. Me istos . . . vindicarenttir, ' (pleading) that I never declared 
 them free : especially as no one was present by whom they could be rightly 
 claimed.' Cicero seems to have freed Chrysippus in an informal way, which 
 was sometimes allowed, as in ' manumissio inter amicos.' He now says 
 that he shall reclaim him and the other freedman (' alter ille ') on the 
 ground that no person was present to legalise the act. The magistrate 
 or lictor seems to have done this ordinarily. See Smith's Diet., art. ' Manu- 
 missio.' 
 
 76. Parthi. The Parthians, after threatening Bibulus, had retreated 
 unexpectedly : Cicero says it would be a lesson to him not to indulge ground- 
 less fear. 
 
 Ep. 40. I. Etsi . . . valere, 'although, wherever I am, I miss the 
 convenience of your services,' or, ' feel the loss of your kind services,' 
 ' yet it is not so much for my own sake as for yours that your illness pains 
 me.' 
 
 7. Quantum ex desiderio labores, ' how much you suffer from 
 longing to be with me.' 
 
 8. Festinare . . . naviges, ' I am unwilling that you should hurry, lest 
 vou should be distressed by sea-sickness in your weak health, and have a 
 dangerous voyage in winter.' The passage to Italy, from Cicero's frequent 
 allusions, seems to have often been stormy, the south wind blowing violently 
 up the Ionian sea at certain seasons. Antonius had extreme difficulty in 
 crossing with Caesar's fleet to Epirus, the next year. Horace speaks of 
 ' Infames scopulos Acroceraunia ' Hor. Od. I. 3, 20. Caesar himself was 
 once in great danger. ' Suscipere ' is commonly used with ' dolorem,' 
 * morbos,' and the like. Lucret. 3. 461 
 
 ' Corpus 
 Suscipit imnianes morbos, durumque laborem.*
 
 Ep. 40. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. l5l 
 
 10. Ego ad urbem access! pridie nonas Ian. Cicero had landed at 
 Biundisium, as before said, on the 26th of November. He might have 
 easily reached Rome before the end of the year, but shrank from taking his 
 place in the senate on the 1st of January, B.C. 49, since the great struggle 
 between Caesar and Pompeius would begin then ; and though he inclined to 
 the side of the latter, he both feared Caesar's anger, and felt himself bound, 
 in some degree, by his former friendship with him, while he also deeply dis- 
 trusted the adherents of both leaders. Both of them wished for the support 
 of his eloquence and character, Caesar pressing him by letters and messages 
 through Balbus, Pompeius influencing him in personal interviews, at Her- 
 culaneum and Lavernum. Although he was further hampered by a debt 
 to Caesar (Att. 'j. 3) and as he drew nearer Rome perceived that Caesar 
 was generally felt to be stronger (7. 6), while the Optimates were irresolute 
 and divided (7. 5), he nevertheless resolved to espouse the cause of Pompeius. 
 He no doubt really thought this the right course, while he was influenced also 
 by his personal esteem for Pompeius. But he had no hope of saving the 
 state, unless the two leaders would consent to terms of peace, for he fore- 
 saw that war must, in any result, lead to despotism (7. 5). His sincere wish 
 to avert this, on public grounds, may excuse his apparent irresoluteness and 
 duplicity in listening to overtures from both at once : besides which he had 
 been intimate with both. The letters which he wrote to Atticus, on his 
 journey from Brundisium, present a vivid picture of his extreme perplexity, 
 which was further increased by his desire that a triumph might be decreed 
 to him, a wish which Pompeius professed to join in. This however gave 
 him an excuse for absenting himself, since he could not enter Rome without 
 laying down his military command (imperium). From Herculaneum, where, 
 at the villa of his friend Pontius (called Trebulanum), he had his first inter- 
 view with Pompeius on the loth of December, he went to Formiae, thence 
 to Tarracina, and to the Alban villa of Pompeius, and ultimately arrived at 
 the gates of Rome on January 4, B.C. 49, the day after his birthday. He 
 seems not to have entered the city at all, but to have gone to Campania on 
 the 19th of Januar)', to take charge of that coast, under direction of 
 Pompeius, and to order levies of troops. Within this fortnight the final 
 breach was made between the Senate and Caesar, by the decree of the 
 former that Caesar should give up his command, or be declared a public 
 enemy, and that the consuls, praetors, tribunes and consulars should as- 
 sume the extraordinary powers conferred by the words ' Dent operam ne 
 quid respublica detrimenti capiat.' The tribunes Antonius and Cassius, 
 on this, fled from Rome to Caesar's camp at Ravenna, and the civil war 
 began. 
 
 12. Incidi in ipsam flammam civilis discordiae. This was quite 
 true. The stormy discussion about Caesar had begun in the Senate on 
 Jan. I, and the decrees against him were passed on the 8th. 
 
 16. Ipse Caesar . . . minaces ad senatum et acerbas litteras 
 
 M
 
 1(53 NOTES. Ep. 41. 
 
 miserat. Caesar represented himself as the injured party. Indeed when 
 Cicero calls him ' shameless,' for wishing to hold his province and command 
 against the will of the senate, he forgets that Caesar's command did not 
 expire till the following April, and that permission had been expressly granted 
 him to sue for the consulship while absent from Rome. In other letters he 
 justly remarks that these decrees were the real grounds of his advantage, 
 which it was now too late to deprive him of. 
 
 19. Antonius . . . et Cassius, nulla vi expulsi. But though not 
 forcibly expelled, they were put in the power of their enemies by the decree 
 of Jan. 6, which virtually took away their ordinary rights, among others 
 that of ' intercessio.' Caesar B. C. I. 5. 
 
 29. Triumphum. It is characteristic of Cicero to think of his triumph 
 when he knew that a civil war was breaking out. 
 
 32. Nos agimus . . . auctoritas, ' I seek no private ends, and therefore 
 have more weight.' He did not aim at wealth or power for himself. Caesar 
 ascribes selfish objects to his opponents : Lentulus was deeply in debt, and 
 wished for rule over rich provinces : the same was the case with Scipio, 
 father-in-law of Pompeius, who hoped also to escape a trial which hung over 
 him : Pompeius himself, brooking no rival, was besides irritated by a charge 
 of keeping back in Italy two legions which Caesar had lent him, and which 
 ought to have been sent to Asia ; and wished for war. Cicero's account of 
 Pompeius certainly conveys the idea that he did not either hope or wish to 
 make terms with Caesar (Att. 7. 5). 
 
 34. If OS Capuam sumpsimus. Cicero was to raise soldiers there for the 
 Senate : but the levies came to nothing, both there and in other parts of Itah'. 
 Nothing indeed is more surprising than the entire want of preparation with 
 which the Senate entered on a war with Caesar at the head of his veteran 
 and victorious army. The failure of the Italian levies shows also the unpopu- 
 larity of their cause, and that it was felt to be hopeless. 
 
 Ep. 41. After leaving Rome, Jan. 19, B.C. 49, Cicero spent the follow- 
 ing six months on the coast of Italy, in continual anxiety what course he 
 should take. Caesar was urgent that he should go to Rome and take his 
 place in the senate ; and besides letters and messages sent to him through 
 Balbus and Oppius, on his return to Rome from Brundisium, he himself had 
 an intervievs? with him at Formiae. Cicero, who had looked forward to this 
 meeting with much anxiety, was relieved and pleased with himself when it 
 was over, for having resisted Caesar's entreaties (Att, 9. iS). He seemed 
 to himself to be bound in honour to support the cause of Pompeius and the 
 Senate, dissatisfied as he was with the entire want of foresight and resolution 
 which the former had shown. It is probable however that in leaving Rome, 
 and perhaps Italy, Pompeius was merely acting on necessity, for the only 
 troops which he had were two legions, lately transferred from Caesar, the 
 Italian levies being unsuccessful. The interval from Jan. I9 to June li 
 Cicero spent on the coast of Campania, at Minturnae, Formiae, and his
 
 Ep. 4i« LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 163 
 
 Cuman and Pompeian villas, from the last of which places he at length em- 
 barked for Epirus to join Ponipeius, accompanied by his brother Quintus, his 
 son, and nephew. His wife and daughter, who had remained in Rome for a 
 fortnight after he left it, joined him at Formiae early in February (Att. 7. 18). 
 Both Terentia and Tullia pressed him to remain in Italy, which Atticus also 
 advised, until news could be had of the result of the war in Spain, whither 
 Caesar had gone to oppose Afranius and Petreius, the legates of Ponipeius. 
 Dollabella also, his son-in-law, wrote from Rome to the same effect (Fam. 
 9. 9): but yielding at last to his sense of honour, Cicero set sail June II. 
 His letters during these six months fully detail his perplexities and anxieties 
 to his faithful friend Atticus. They disclose, no doubt, an irresolute and 
 perhaps weak character : but it must be remembered that there was really 
 little to choose between the two parties. Remembering the horrors of the 
 civil war of Marius and Sylla, he was justified in thinking that anything was 
 better than a renewal of them ; although he had lost faith in the ability of 
 Pompeius, his course would have seemed the best, but that he feared a 
 victory of the Optimates no less than that of Caesar. He did not indeed 
 give the latter credit for the clemency which he afterwards showed, nor 
 perhaps for the sincere personal friendship which he seems to have felt for 
 the great orator. Unable from his very goodness to cope with the unscru- 
 pulous men by whom he was surrounded, vain, and exaggerating his own 
 influence, sensitive and excitable in his nature, he shows no sign of self-seek- 
 ing in these letters, nor of anything inconsistent with sincere love for his 
 country and desire for its welfare. 
 
 2. Ille, Caesar. 
 
 5. Vereor ut Dolabella. Dolabella, TulUa's husband, was at this time 
 in Caesar's favour. ' Vereor ut ' expresses an apprehension that something 
 wished for will not happen. Madv. § 376. Compare below ' videndiim est 
 ut honeste vos esse possitis;' 'one must consider whether,' &c., implying 
 the negative. 
 
 8. Vestri similes feminae sintne Bomae. Cicero was afraid that, 
 by leaving his wife and daughter at Rome, he should seem, while outwardly 
 on Pompeius' side, to be really on Caesar's : especially as Dolabella was his 
 son-in-law. He had also some fear for their safety. Att. 7- 13 ' Sed velim 
 consideres quid faciendum putes ; primum vpus tu dacpaXes . . . deinde ad 
 opiniones, ne reprehendamur, quod eas Romae velimus esse in comnuini 
 bonorum fuga.' Also 7. 14. 
 
 10. Modo ut . . . liceat, ' if only I am allowed.' ' Modo ut' = 'dum- 
 modo.' ' IVIodo ' is often used without any particle to express hypothesis. 
 Fam. 10. 10 'Sit modo aliqua respublica, omnibus amplissimis honoribus 
 abundabis.' 
 
 14. Camillo. C. Camilhis is frequently mentioned by Cicero as an 
 intimate friend who advised him in domestic matters and business. Cp. 
 Ep. 47. 
 
 M 2
 
 J 54 NOTES. Ep. 42. 
 
 15. Labienus rem meliorem fecit. Labieniis, who had been Caesnr's 
 lieutenant during his Gallic wars, had been made governor of Gallia Togata, 
 the southern part of Cisalpine Gaul, by Caesar, in order to forward his 
 interests in his petition for the consulship. He now deserted to Pompeius, 
 whom he joined afterwards at Dyrrhachium. He fought against his old 
 commander at Pharsalia, in Africa, and at the battle of Munda in Spain, 
 where he was killed. His desertion gave hopes at the time to the party of 
 Pompeius. 
 
 16. Piso. L. Piso Caesoninus, father-in-law of Caesar. 
 
 20. Rufus. Mescinius Rufus, who had been Cicero's quaestor in Cilicia, 
 There are three letters to him, Fam. 5. 19-21. 
 
 Ep. 42. I. Dionysius . . . giibernabimus. ' Dionysius, your friend 
 rather than mine, about whom, after sufBcient discovery of his character, I 
 yet relied on your judgment more than on my own, (Dionysius, I say) 
 paying no regard even to the testimony which you had often given to me 
 on his behalf, has shown himself arrogant in view of what he expected 
 would be my circumstances : these, however, as far as can be done by 
 human management, I will control and direct rationally.' This Dionysius, 
 who was a freedman of Atticus, but manumitted, and then called M. Pompo- 
 nius Dionysius (Att. 4. 15), had been intimate with Cicero for seven years. 
 He is first mentioned as helping Cicero to arrange his library in his villa 
 near Antium (lb. 8), as a ' wonderful man,' with whom Cicero ' devoured 
 literature ' (lb. ii) ; and two years afterwards the orator sends for him to 
 come and teach his son, * and himself also.' Cicero built him a room in his 
 house (lb. 19), conversed with him on literary questions, and praises him 
 (Att. 7. 4) as not only learned, but attached to himself, and a good man. 
 He seems to have accompanied Cicero to his province, and was with him at 
 Athens (lb. 3) ; but shortly after the orator complains of him to Atticus for 
 not having expressed his obligation to him when sent before him to Rome. 
 (lb. 7). Cicero wished him to stay at Formiae with his son and nephew, 
 while he himself followed Pompey (7. 26) ; but Dionysius declined, much 
 to Cicero's annoyance, as this letter and the following show ; nor would he 
 accompany Cicero himself. He is not to be confounded with a slave of the 
 orator, of the same name, who stole some of his books and ran away 
 (Fam. 13. 77). 
 
 Observe the construction of * vereor ' with a genitive. Ter. Phorm. 5. 7, 
 78 ' Neque hujus sis veritus faeminae primariae.' The genitive with ' misereor' 
 is perhaps the nearest parallel. 
 
 8. Ad ceteros is to be constructed with commendatio. Cicero not 
 only paid him attention himself, but commended, him to others, though a 
 man of insignificant position. 
 
 II. Subdoceri; 'to be taught in part,' either in Dionysius' absence, 
 or more probably in subjects which Dionysius could not teach. For though 
 learned, Cicero says he was not a good teacher.
 
 Ep. 43, 44HS- LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 165 
 
 14. Dicaearchum aut Aristoxenum ; both were celebrated pupils of 
 Aristotle. 
 
 16. Sed est memoria bona. Me dicet esse meliore. ' But you 
 say he has a good memory. He shall find that I have a better (for his 
 ingratitude).' 
 
 1 7. Quibus litteris . . . reciperem, ' he answered my letters in a 
 way that I never used to any one whose cause I was refusing to undertake.' 
 ' Recipere causam ' is equivalent here to ' suscipere.' 
 
 CI. Tain praecise, ' so briefly,' ' so peremptorily.' 
 
 24. Wavem paravi. For his departure to Greece. 
 
 25. Sulmone. Sulmo was seven miles from Corfinium. Caesar says that 
 the inhabitants opened the gates to Antonius, whom he had sent thither, 
 against the will of C. Atius Paelignus and Lucretius, who threw themselves 
 from the walls. Atius was taken by Antonius, and dismissed unhurt by 
 Caesar. There were seven cohorts, not five, in the town. Caesar B. C. 
 I. 18. 
 
 28. Desertum. This epithet does not seem applicable as yet to 
 Pompeius. Perhaps ' Domitiuni ' should be inserted, of whom it could well 
 be said, as he was shut up in Corfinium and was refused assistance by 
 Pompey. 
 
 Ep. 43. 3. Solet. ' Solet paenitere,' instead of ' paenitet.' ' Solet ' is here 
 used impersonally in the construction of ' paenitet,' to which it is attracted. 
 
 5. Cerritior, a good emendation of 'certior' the Medicean reading. For 
 the word cp. Hor. Sat. 2. 3, 278; for the fact, 'pueri aiunt eum furenter 
 irasci ' Att. 6. i. 
 
 6. A tertio miliario. He repented as soon as he had gone three miles, 
 II. Servum a pedibus = pedisequus, ' my lackey.' 
 
 15. Pendeo animi. Madvig treats this use of 'animi' as nearly adverbial, 
 classing it with 'humi,' ' domi,' &c. § 296, b. Obs. 3. It is in fact a 
 locative, not a genitive. 
 
 Exspectatione Corfiniensi. Corfinium was held for Pompey by 
 Domitius. See oa Ep. 42. 28. The ablative denotes the source or cause 
 of his anxiety. 
 
 16. M'. Curio. The same Curius as that mentioned Ep. 3S, 39. Tiro 
 was still at Patrae in need of assistance from Atticus' friend Curius. 
 
 Ep. 44. 4. Si naetus hie esset. Cicero thought that if Caesar cap- 
 tured Brundisium before Pompey left it, the two rivals might come to terms, 
 and their partisans would lay down their arms. 
 
 5. Tramisisset ; to Epirus. 
 
 11. iKTiininiuIos. Observe the contemptuous use of the diminutive 
 
 form. 
 
 12. Quo. Observe ablative instead of dative, which is allowable after 
 •fidere,' and 'confidere,' except in the case of personal pronouns. 
 
 Ep. 45. Cicero sailed from Italy, June 11, b.c. 49, with his son to join
 
 1 65 NOTES. Ep. 45. 
 
 Pompeius. He wrote from on board the vessel an affectionate letter to 
 Terentia to cheer her. He was in good spirits, having recovered from a fit 
 of sickness from which he had suffered, and says that he hoped to return to 
 defend the Republic with his friends. He advises her to reside on his estate 
 at Arpinum with her household of slaves from the city, if prices should be 
 high in the latter. (Fam. 14. 7.) From that date to the date of the present 
 letter none of his correspondence remains except one short letter to Atticus, 
 on business, written probably, like this one, from the camp of Pompeius. 
 He was then in distress on account of his debts in Italy, and suspected his 
 steward Philotimus of dishonesty. As usual he entreats Atticus to help 
 him, but also suggests to him to draw from his store of 2,200 sestertia 
 (about i8,oooZ.) which he had in Asia in coin of that country. (See on 
 
 1- 1 5-) 
 
 2. Crevi liereditatem, ' I accepted the inheritance.' Atticus had 
 informed Cicero that he would, in the name of the latter, accept an inherit- 
 ance left him, on the 4th of February. Writing the day after he received 
 the letter, which was on the very day mentioned, Cicero takes for granted 
 that Atticus had done this, and that the property was his own. ' Cernere 
 hereditatem 'is to ' accept in form,' by the words ' earn hereditatem adeo, 
 cernoque.' In this way the wealth of the great Romans was amassed, it being 
 customary for their friends to leave property to them, especially for clients 
 to leave legacies to their patrons. Cicero, in his speeches against Antonius, 
 asserts that he had received more than 160,000/. (' amplius H, S. ducenties') 
 by legacies, left him out of kindness. 
 
 5. De dote. This was the dowry of Tullia, which her husband Dolabella 
 was squandering. The second instalment of this was due on the Kalends of 
 July ensuing ; and, as we learn from a letter of the 5th of that month (Att. 
 II. 25), was paid, though with great difficulty, by the sale of an estate 
 II. 13. The alternative of a divorce, which ultimately took place during 
 this year, seems to have been suggested by Atticus, but Cicero was unwilling 
 to come to an open rupture with Dolabella at present, as he was in Caesar's 
 favour. 
 
 7. lUam miseram ; Tullia. 
 
 10. In quos enim suinptus abeunt fructus praediorum ? ' But 
 how has the income from the farms been spent ? ' ' Enim ' seems to mean, 
 ' I was not aware Tullia would be in such distress, for I counted on her 
 having this income.' 
 
 11. lam ilia IIS. LX. . . . detracta, ' then, no one ever told me that 
 that 500/. which you speak of in your letter had been taken from the 
 dowry.' This is supposed to have been done when the dowry was paid, 
 perhaps by Terentia or the steward Philotimus, so that they were still due 
 to Dolabella. 
 
 15. Ex ea pccunia, quae fuit in Asia, partem dimidiam faro 
 exegi. This money was a sum of about iS,ooo/. which Cicero had amassed
 
 Ep. 46, 47- LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 167 
 
 in his government of Cilicia ; he spoke of it in a letter to Atticus immediately 
 before this one as untouched, forgetting perhaps that he had withdrawn 
 half, as he now says. But there is some confusion in the whole matter, for 
 a year earlier, writing to his quaestor Mescinius Rufus, he says that Pompeius 
 had taken the whole sum (Fam. 5. 20), yet afterwards, when he joined the 
 camp at Dyrrhachium, he again states that he lent Pompeius money. 
 Merivale (note in ' Life and Letters ') thinks that the latter may have bor- 
 rowed it earlier, and repaid it, or only have intended to borrow it : and that 
 Cicero probably knew very little about the state of his accounts. ' Exegi,' 
 ' I have demanded,' from the ' publicani,' who had it on loan. He deposited 
 it with Egnatius, a money-lender (Att. il. 3). 
 
 18. Facere 'nonnunquam occupat locum verbi praecedentis, etsi illud 
 non actionem sed conditionem designat.' Boot. 
 
 20. De domo. He had heard that he was to lose his house on the 
 Palatine, as a punishment for having followed Pompeius. 
 
 31. Si signum requirent aut manura. They would naturally doubt 
 whether the feigned letters really came from Cicero, if they did not bear his 
 seal and were not in his handwriting. Atticus is instructed to say that 
 Cicero has avoided these marks of genuineness for fear of Caesar's pickets 
 detaining and opening them. These petty falsehoods seem not to have been 
 thought dishonourable. Cp. note on Ep. 14. 28. 
 
 Ep. 46. Between the last letter and this one Pharsalus had been fought, 
 and Cicero had returned to Rome. For some account of Varro see on 
 Ep. 9. 
 
 II. Sed CLiiod eorum me subpudebat, 'but because I was a little 
 ashamed in regard of them.' He was not ashamed of having books, but of 
 having neglected their advice. 
 
 19. Ad te placebit, ' you will like me to come to you.' 
 
 21. Id, namely, our meeting. 
 
 Ep. 47. This letter is addressed to L. Papirius Paetus, a witty and 
 luxurious Epicurean, who seems to have taken no part in politics, Cicero 
 professes to be converted by the turn of public affairs to his friend's creed 
 and manner of life. 
 
 3. Scvirram -veHtem. The epithet 've!es' is applied to 'scurra,' a buf- 
 foon, from the manner in whicli he attacks and retreats in the combat of 
 raillery, like ' a skirmisher.' 
 
 Mails. Gronovius sees a pun here, and thinks Paetus had sent Cicero 
 a present of apple?. 
 
 4. In ista loca, ' to your part of the country.' 
 
 5. Non hospitem, sed contubernalem. Tlie latter word signifies 
 that Cicero would now not merely have come to stay, but to live like his 
 friend, and be a real boon companion. 
 
 6. Promulside conficere. Before the dinner came the 'promnlsis' or 
 whet, to give an appetite, as oysters are sometimes served in this country.
 
 t68 notes. Ep. 48. 
 
 It consisted of olives, lettuce, sausages, radishes, &c.. and is still to be met 
 with in Italy. In old times this had quite satisfied Cicero's appetite instead 
 of increasing it. ' Solebam debilitari oleis et lucanicis tuis' Fam. 2. 16. Now 
 he pretends that even after the ' promulsis ' his appetite will be quite fresh 
 for the ' egg,' i.e. the beginning of the serious part of the dinner. 
 
 8. Perducitur. The present tense shows that Cicero is describing his 
 present habit, not merely what he will do at Paetus' house. 
 Ilia mea, ' those former habits of mine.' 
 
 13. Hane insolentiam. He distinguishes between the wanton extrava- 
 gance then common, and Paetus' refined comfort. 
 
 14. Cum in sumptum habebas, ' when you had as much as you 
 wanted to spend.' He implies that Paetus was not so well off as he used to 
 be; 'although,' he adds, 'you never have had so many farms before, as you 
 have now.' Caesar had obliged creditors, and Paetus among them, to fore- 
 close their mortgages, and take the debtors' lands at an extravagantly high 
 price. Paetus had thus incurred a heavy loss, though he had increased his 
 landed property. On this Cicero rallies him. 
 
 16. Aliquid intellegat, about cookery. 
 
 18. Sportellae et artolagani. He must have something better than 
 baskets of pastry. 
 
 lam artis tantum habemus, ' I am so far a proficient.' The 
 Medicean reads ' iam ex artis.' Ernesti omits ' ex.' 
 
 19. Verrium tuum et Camillum. Verrius was not the distinguished 
 grammarian Verrius Flaccus, but perhaps the master from whom he, as a 
 freedman, took his name. C. Furius Camillus was an intimate friend 
 of Cicero, who had a high opinion of his legal knowledge. See on Ep. 
 41. 14. 
 
 20. Vocare. sc. ' ad cenam.' 
 
 21. Etiam Hirtio. A. Hirtius the consul. Cicero speaks of him and 
 Dolabella as his masters in the art of good living. For more information 
 about Hirtius, see note on Ep. 50. 12. 
 
 22. lus fervens. Apparently Cicero's cook had been unable to ascertain 
 the secret of this admirable sauce. 
 
 26. Salutatio = salutatores. 
 
 30. Eluxi. The preposition ' ex ' here, as in other compounds, adds the 
 sense of completion to the meaning of the verb. 
 
 Ep. 48. This letter is addressed to that Curius who had attended to the 
 wants of Tiro during his illness at Patrae (Ep. 38. 25). 
 
 3. Cum quidem. ; i.e. before it was enslaved. 
 
 4. Quam tota Peloponnesus, nedum Patrae, sc. ' essent. ' Than 
 all Peloponnese, not to mention Patrae, could be.' 
 
 5. Vidisse mibi multum videris, ' I think you had great foresight.' 
 10. TJbi nee Pelopidarum. By this quotation he means, 'out of 
 
 hearing of the deeds of Caesar and his followers.' The Pelopidae, so often
 
 Ep. 49. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 169 
 
 the subjects of Greek tragedy, were proverbial representatives of evil doers. 
 The quotation is from some unknown play, and occurs in two other 
 letters. 
 
 13. Avem albam, a proverbial expression for something strange, like 
 'niger cycnus.' 
 
 14. Abdo me in bibliotheeam. 'Abdo,' by its etymology, means 
 literally ' to withdraw,' and would therefore properly be constructed with 
 ' in ' and ace. It often retains this construction along with its commoner 
 sense, ' to conceal,' as in this instance. 
 
 16. Senties, i. e. when you read them. 
 
 18. Animum meum, ' my spirit.' Curius thought Cicero too despairing 
 when he conversed with him, and regretted the absence of that spirit which 
 was reflected in his writings. 
 
 25. In eo ; in Caesar. He seems to be awake to the truth that the fall 
 of the republic was not Caesar's doing, and that he had merely taken ad- 
 vantage of the miserable condition of the state to put himself at its head. 
 
 26. Id ipsum, sc. ' omnia in eius potestate esse.' 
 
 Ep. 49. Servius Sulpicius Rufus, to whom this letter is addressed, was 
 one of the best and most distinguished men of his age. He was born in the 
 same year as Cicero, B.C. 106, and studied oratory with him at Rhodes, and 
 afterwards as a speaker and a jurist he had no superior. After being 
 quaestor, curule aedile, and praetor, he was an unsuccessful candidate for 
 the consulship in the year in which Cicero held that office, B.C. 63 ; he 
 was afterwards consul, B.C. 51, and was now governing Achaia as pro- 
 consul. This province included the Peloponnesus and Northern Greece. 
 There are sever.il other letters of Cicero to Sulpicius, and a very beauti- 
 ful one from the latter comforting Cicero in his grief for the death of 
 Tullia, Ep. 58. Sulpicius died, B.C. 43, eleven months before Cicero, in 
 the camp of Antonius before Mutina, whither he had gone on a mission 
 from the Senate. His high character and the distinguishing excellence of his 
 oratory are described by Cicero (Brutus c. 41"). Smith's Diet. Biog. 
 
 2. Fidei. • Conscientiousness ' or 'integrity;' the virtue which makes 
 men true to their duties to others. 
 
 Commendati sint; because Sulpicius would have already shown his 
 sense of their claims upon him. 
 
 3. Qui te optime novissem, • because I knew you thoroughly.' 
 
 4. lura et merita populorum, ' the rights and claims of nationalities,' 
 in modern phraseology. Sulpicius was celebrated for his knowledge both 
 of civil and natural law, and his learning would cause him to feel interest 
 in the Lacedaemonians, on account of their former celebrity. 
 
 10. Eundemque me, 'and that I also.' For a slightly different use 
 of ' idem ' cp. Ep. 1 7. 7. 
 
 17. Officium meum. Either alluding to his general interest, as a man 
 of learning, in anything that concerntd the Greeks (Ernesti), or because the
 
 TJO NOTES. Ep. 50. 
 
 Lacedaemonians had placed themselves especially under his protection 
 (Schiitz). 
 
 The skill and delicacy with which Cicero pleads their cause, while assum- 
 ing that it was unnecessary, and (as his usual custom is) requesting that they 
 might be made aware of the interest he felt in them, are very characteristic. 
 
 Ep. 50. Titus Ampius Balbus, to whom this letter is addressed, was a 
 partisan of Pompeius, and had been actively engaged in levying troops for 
 him at the outbreak of the civil war, at Capua. After the battle of Ph:ir- 
 salia he endeavoured to raise money to carry on the war by taking the 
 treasure from the famous temple of Diana at Ephesus, but was prevented 
 and put to flight by Caesar's arrival (Caes. B. C. 2. 105). We gather from 
 this letter that he was banished by Caesar, but allowed to return to Rome 
 on Cicero's intercession. 
 
 He is not to be confounded with Ciesar's friend, L. Cornelius Balbus, of 
 whom there is frequent mention in Cictro's letters to Atticus, and who is 
 the Balbus mentioned below in this epistle. 
 
 2. Usura falsi gaudii, 'the enjoyment of a false pleasure;' which it 
 would be if Cicero's hopes of success in his petition for Balbus were not well 
 founded. Therefore he says, ' vereque gratulor.' 'Usura' has its original 
 meaning, 'the use' or 'enjoyment' of anything; but it is implied that the 
 thing itself is not possessed. Thus 'usura lucis,' ' temporis,' 'aedium' are 
 used. The mercantile sense, 'interest' for money lent, is a secondary, but 
 obvious one. 
 
 3. AecLuitatem animi, ' contentment,' ' tranquillity of mind.' 
 
 5. Mea tempora, ' my circumstances,' not (of course) pecuniary, but 
 political. 
 
 Vincebattir enim . . . diligentissime, ' for even the disadvantage 
 of my diminished influence was overcome by the regard felt for you and by 
 my unchangeable afiection towards you, which on your part has been most 
 carefully cherished.' 
 
 9. Vidi, cognovi, interfui. ' I myself saw them, I am witness, I was 
 present ; ' that is, I was present, and have personal knowledge that aH is 
 settled. 
 
 10. Satis opportune, ' fortunately enough.' 
 
 11. Cum ab illo dlscesserint, ' next to him.' See on Eo. 6. 55. 
 
 12. Hoc Pansa . . . diligant, ' indeed, this is so true of Pansa, Hirtius, 
 &c., that there is no one they love so much as me.' 'Hoc ita faciunt' 
 ■refers to the assertion in the preceding sentence. 
 
 C. Vibius Pansa was one of Caesar's most faithful adherents. He 
 was tribune of the people B.C. 51, received the government of Cisalpine 
 Gaul from Caesar b.c. 46, and was nominated by him, in b.c. 44, consul for 
 the following year with Hirtius. He was defeated by Antonius at Forum 
 Gallorum and mortally wounded, the victor being routed later in the same 
 day by Hirtius. Cicero speaks of him (Fam. 15. 17) as much esteemed for
 
 Ep. 50. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 171 
 
 his kindness. The name Pansa originally indicated a person with broad 
 or splay feet. 
 
 A. Hirtius, colleague of Pansa, B.C. 43, had been legate of Caesar 
 in Gaul, bc. 58, and was frequently employed by him in various offices until 
 the dictator's death on the Ides of March, b. c. 44. Hirtius does not appear, 
 however, to have distinguished himself much as a general until he was 
 consul. Though a faithful friend of Caesar, he was moderate and unam- 
 bitious, and would, if possible, have reconciled Antonius to the Senate. He 
 was intimate with Cicero, who gave him and Pansa lessons in oratory, and 
 wrote his treatise ' de Fato ' on account of a discussion with Hirtius at 
 Puteoli. Being sent against Antonius, in February 43, he united his forces 
 with those of Octavius, taking the chief command as consul, and relieved 
 Decimus Brutus, then besieged in Mutina by Antonius, by throwing supplies 
 into the town. On Pansa's defeat and death, Hirtius retrieved the day and 
 saved Mutina, but himself fell in the battle. The bodies of the two consuls 
 were buried at Rome with unusual honours, but their deaths left the state 
 without leaders, and the union of Octavius with Antonius soon destroyed all 
 hope of the constitution being saved. 
 
 L. Cornelius Balbus was a native of Gades, who, after serving 
 under several Roman generals against Sertorius, migrated to Rome and 
 received Roman citizenship. Although originally attached to Pompeius, he 
 gradually grew closer to Caesar, who made him his ' praefectus fabruni ' and 
 gave him the charge of his private property, so that a great part of the 
 Gallic booty passed through his hands, and he became very rich. "Without 
 taking any active part in the civil war he promoted Caesar's interests, and at 
 this time is frequently mentioned by Cicero, whom he endeavoured to gain 
 over. On Caesar's death he joined Octavius, and was consul b. c. 40, being 
 the first foreigner who ever held that office. His immense wealth is shown 
 by his leaving in his will twenty denarii to every Roman citizen. 
 
 O. Oppius was throughout life associated with Balbus in Caesar's 
 service. 
 
 13. C. Matius Calvena, so called from his baldness, was an amiable and 
 accomplished man, intimate both with Cicero and Caesar. He was sincerely 
 attached to the latter, and incuned some blame from his opponents because 
 he mourned for his death and presided over the games exhibited by Octavius 
 in honour of his victories. He justified this in an interesting letter to Cicero 
 which is extant (Fam. 11. 28). He appears to have been the author of 
 several works, among others of a translation of the Iliad. 
 
 Of Postumius little seems to be known, more than what is here 
 stated, that he was a friend of Caesar. 
 
 14. Quod si . . . molitum, ' even if I had been obliged to effect this by 
 my own exertions, I should not have repented of having contrived matters 
 thus, considering the nature of the times ;' that is, if he had not had the fiiend- 
 ship of Caesar's supporters before, he would have been content to use some
 
 173 irOTES. Ep. 50. 
 
 contrivance to gain it ; but (as he goes on to say) no such sacrlf.ce of inde- 
 pendence was necessary. 
 
 19. Qui valeret . . . gratia, ' a man who had with Caesar the influ- 
 ence of authority (as I knew), not of personal liking only.' The ' authority 
 of Pansa with the dictator may have been either that of his character, or 
 perhaps of his rank. It was in this year that he was appointed to the 
 government of Cisa'pine Gaul. 
 
 20. Cimber Tillins was at this time one of Caesar's warmest friends, 
 but • afterwards became famous as one of the most active among his 
 murderers. He seems, from what is said here, to have been an intimate 
 friend of Ampius Balbus. 
 
 21. Valent tamen . . . necessariae, 'Caesar is not so much influenced 
 by a pressing petitioner as by one who has claims of friendship with him.' 
 Or perhaps ambitiosae rogationes may mean ' requests made in order 
 to seem to have influence with Caesar :' ' necessariae,' such as proceed from 
 real friendship with the person in whose favour thev are made. 
 
 24. Diploma. A letter folded double — a state letter of recommendation 
 given to persons travelling to the provinces (Att. 10. 17). Also, as here, 
 a public document containing a privilege for a person. 
 
 Non est datum, ' is not yet given,' when Cicero was writing. 
 
 25. Qui ttilissent . . . belli civilis, ' who would have been bitterly 
 offended at pardon being extended to you whom they call the trumpet of 
 civil war,' This name was given to Balbus, who, besides his activity in en- 
 deavouring to raise levies for Pompeius, seems to have been entrusted by 
 the consuls of the year 49 B.C., Marcellus and Lentulus, with secret messages 
 to that general. This appears from a corrupt fragment of Varro, De Vita 
 Pop, Rom., pointed out by Martyni-Laguna. Schtitz. 
 
 27. Quasi non . . . incidisse, ' as if they were not really glad that that 
 war happened.' For these very men who persecuted Balbus as the cause of 
 the war, were enjoying the fruits of it in wealth and offices. 
 
 Qua re . . . agendum, ' therefore we have thought it best to keep 
 the matter rather close.' 
 
 32. Non solum confirmavit, venim etiam recepit, 'not only 
 protested, but even pledged himself.' ' Recipere ' is a favourite word of 
 Cicero in this sense. Fam. 3. 10; Phil. 5. 18 ' Promitto, recipio, spondeo 
 C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem qualis hodie sit.' Terence and Plautus 
 use it with ' ad me,' or ' in me.' 
 
 ' Tute unus si recipere hoc ad te dicis . . .' 
 
 Plaut. Mil. Glor. 2. 2, 76. 
 
 34. Perscribi, 'to be fully explained.' 
 
 Eppuleiae. Probably wife of Balbus : Ampiae, his sister. They 
 had no doubt seen Cicero in his behalf 
 
 39. Scis me . . . censerem, 'You know that I have formerly been ac-
 
 Ep. 51. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 173 
 
 customed to write to you in such terms as might console a brave and wise 
 man, rather than to pretend to have discovered any hope of safety for you, 
 except what I thougiit one ought to hope for from the republic itself when 
 this conflagration should have been extinguished.' Eic ardor means the 
 excitement following on the civil war. 
 
 48. Et tuos . . . sapiens esses, ' and that the times of your holding 
 ofBce happened in the most critical periods for the safety and fortunes of the 
 commonwealth, and that you entered this very war prepared not only, if 
 victorious, for happiness, but (if it should so happen) in case of defeat to 
 bear it like a wise man.' Cicero's exhortations are excellently written : but 
 it is impossible not to be reminded how little he had been able to bear up 
 under his own calamity, when in exile. 
 
 52. In viromm fortimn factis memoriae prodendis. We gather 
 from this that Ampius Balbus was writing a biographical or historical work. 
 He is mentioned as an author by Suetonius and Varro. It is remarkable 
 that very many of the Romans who were active in public life were also 
 authors. 
 
 55. Ilia tempora, ' times now gone by,' those of the civil war and its 
 conseqoent dangers. Haec the state of things under Caesar's rule. 
 
 Ep. 51. I. Male de Seio, ' I am distressed about Seius.' ' ^lale est 
 mihi.' Atticus had told Cicero of the death of Seius. The latter is men- 
 tioned as entertaining Cicero at dinner, Fam. 9. 7. In the year 51 B.C., 
 when Cicero was in Cilicia, he had been involved in the condemnation of 
 Plaetorius, but it is not known for what act. 
 
 3. Ea videamus . . . de senatu, ' let us look to those things which 
 concern us more (although even these do not concern us much more) — what 
 we are to do about the senate.' Cicero was going to Rome, as he says 
 below, and was anxious how he should speak without either offending or 
 supporting Caesar. 
 
 5. Postumiam Sulpicii, Postumia, the wife of Servius Sulpicius. She 
 had called on Caesonius (who had been Cicero's colleague in the aedileship, 
 B.C. 69 — Verr. i. 10 — and was probably his personal friend) with reference 
 perhaps to his choice of a wife, to which the following lines refer. 
 
 7. Alteram vero illam. It is not known who this lady was. Cicero 
 had lately divorced Terentia, to whom he had been married more than 
 thirty years. Their discord probably arose from money matters. Before 
 the end of the year he married Publilia, his ward, a young lady of wealth, 
 her wealth indeed being his motive. Her too he soon divorced, being dis- 
 pleased at her want of feeling for TuUia's death. Terentia lived till the age 
 of 103, according to Plinj% 
 
 8. Nihil vidi foedius. ' I never saw an uglier creature.' 
 
 10. Atticae . . . avpirdo^co, ' I am glad to hear that Attica is so cheer- 
 ful: I feel for her in her indisposition.' Pomponia, daughter of Atticus, 
 whom Cicero sometimes calls Attica and Atticula, had been ill of fever.
 
 174 NOTES. Ep. 52. 
 
 Ep. 52. Dolabella, Cicero's late son-in-law, was now with Caesar in 
 Spain. Salvius was perhaps a freedman. 
 
 2. "Nisi te a me mirabiliter amari. Although Tullia had been 
 divorced from Dolabella four years after her marriage with him, and in spite 
 of his notoriously bad character, Cicero writes to him in a most friendly and 
 even affectionate way. Possibly this was owing to Dolabella having, as Cicero 
 thought, influence with Caesar. There are too many proofs that Cicero was 
 not always sincere in his correspondence. See Ep. 36. II, note. 
 
 7. Ificiani nostrum. Nicias was a ' grammarian,' or teacher of litera- 
 ture, of Cos. He had been with Cicero in Cicilia (Att. 7- S)> and was much 
 valued by Dolabella also (Att. 13. 28). A few months after the date of this 
 letter, when Cicero was much distressed on account of Tullia's death, Nicias 
 offered to visit him, Cicero felt grateful, but declined the offer through 
 Atticus. ' Praeterea nosti Niciae nostri imbecillitatem, mollitiam, consuetu- 
 dinem victus. Cur ego illi modestus esse velim, cum mihi illi jucundus esse 
 non posset ? Voluntas tamen ejus mihi grata est.' (12. 26.) This agrees 
 with what he says below of Nicias' dinners. Of Vidius nothing is known but 
 what appears here, that he was a creditor of Nicias, and that they applied to 
 Cicero to arbitrate between them. 
 
 Profert alter . , . opeXCJei. ' Vidius, I suppose, brings forward his 
 charge against Nicias in two lines ; Aristarchus, his opponent, marks these 
 as spurious,' literally, marks them with an obelus, by which the great critic 
 Aristarchus noted what he considered spurious verses in Homer. Cicero 
 writes in jest, as if it were a literary dispute, Nicias being a grammarian, 
 and he therefore uses the word ' versiculis.' 
 
 8. Opinor, ' I should fancy,' not of course that he really thought so. 
 
 9. Ego tamquam . . . ■rrapefA.pepXijp.evoi. ' I, like an ancient critic, 
 am to decide whether they are the poet's work, or interpolated.' 
 
 II, Oblitusne es . . . sepia, 'Have you forgotten those mushrooms 
 which you ate at Nicias' table? and the great prawns and cuttle-fish?' that 
 is (Dolabella is supposed to say), ' Can you doubt in whose favour to decide 
 after such dinners ? ' 
 
 The reading ' squillarum ' however is a conjecture of Gronovius ; the 
 editors can make nothing of 'Septimiae.' 
 
 13. Quid ergo . . . adpareant. Cicero answers in the same style, 
 'What then? do you think my former severe integrity has been so com- 
 pletely lost, that even in court no remains of my ancient sternness appear ? ' 
 But he rather infringes on this profession by what follows. 
 
 15. Sed tamen . , . integellum, ' I will take care that my most agree- 
 able friend shall not suffer.' 
 
 16. Nec committam . . . diseat. 'nor will I be a party to condemning 
 a person, for you to restore him, lest Bursa Plancus should have a teacher to- 
 learn to read from.' Caesar had restored the exiles (with some exceptions) 
 whom Pompeius had banished in his third consulship, B.C. 52, Cicero alludes,
 
 Ep. S3. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 75 
 
 in joke, to this. Bursa Plancus was one of these restored exiles ; Cicero's 
 allusion here, however, is merely to his being an illiterate man ; Nicias, he 
 jestingly remarks, might think himself bound to become his teacher out of 
 gratitude, if restored by Caesar and his party, of whom Dolabella is taken as 
 a representative (tu restituas"). Bursa (whose full name was T. Munatius 
 Plancus Bursa) was tribune in Pompeius' consulship : the latter had used him 
 as a tool and then banished him. Cicero had a great dislike of him, and 
 calls him ' a little ape ' in a letter to Marius, in which he triumphs on account 
 of his banishment (Fam. 7. 2). 
 
 20. Labor longius, 'I run on too far.' So (De Div. 2. 37) ' sed 
 labor longius, ad propositum revertor.' 
 
 23, Ante quam certum scierit, ' before they knew whether it was 
 certain or not.' He means that the people were glad to hear of Sulla's 
 death. P. Sulla was nephew of the dictator, and having taken Caesar's side, 
 had enriched himself by buying estates of exiled Romans, or of those who 
 had fallen. Cicero alludes to his death in much the same way in another 
 letter to Cassius (Fam. 15. 17). 
 
 26. !N"e hasta Caesaris refrixerit, ' lest Caesar's auctions should grow 
 slack ; ' that is, lest there should be no one now to buy the confiscated 
 estates. ' Quum Romae a iudiciis forum refrixerit ' Att. I. I. 
 
 Ep. 53. Qi Lepta had been Cicero's ' praefectus fabrum * in Cilicia, 
 and was much esteemed by him (Fam. 3. 7 ; 9. 13). He had been a 
 Pompeian ; but later in this year, when Caesar, on his return from Spain, 
 exhibited public games in different parts of the city, Lepta applied for the 
 office of president in one of the exhibitions. Cicero however dissuaded him 
 from pressing his request, saying that there were too many applicants (Fam. 
 6. 19). He was a native of Cales. 
 
 I. Simul atque . . . vetari. ' As soon as I had received your letter from 
 Seleucus, I immediately wrote a note to Balbus asking what was in the law. 
 He wrote back, that those who were actually holding the office of public 
 crier were forbidden to be councillors ; those who had formerly held it were 
 not forbidden.' Caesar had made a draft of this law about the ' decuriones ' 
 or senators in the provincial towns, which he intended to enact. 
 Seleucus was probably Lepta's freedman. 
 
 5. Pamiliares ; natives of Cales, friends of Lepta, in whose behalf he 
 had asked Cicero this question. 
 
 Weque enim . . . licere, ' for it would have been intolerable indeed, 
 if, when men who were practising divination at this very day were chosen 
 into the senate at Rome, those (on the other hand) who had ever been 
 public criers should not be allowed to be senators in the provincial towns. 
 He alludes to a certain Ruspina, a diviner, whom Caesar had made a Roman 
 senator. Manutius. Caefar raised the senate to nine hundred, admitting 
 foreigners. The people put up placards recommending good citizens not to 
 guide them to the senate house.
 
 IjS NOTES. Ep. 53 
 
 8. Magnum tamen exercitviin Pompeium habere constat. 
 Cnaeus, son of the great Pompeius, had raised his banner (inscribed with the 
 word ' Pietas,' or ' Filial duty') in Spain, where his father's name was held 
 in great honour. He had a large army, consisting of adventurers, dissatisfied 
 veterans of Caesar's army, and Spaniards. Thirty thousand perished at the 
 battle of Munda. 
 
 10. Paciaeci. L. Junius Paciaecus is mentioned in the book De Bello 
 Hispaniensi, 3, as an eminent and able man, a native of Spain, sent by Caesar 
 to relieve the town of Ulia besieged by Cn. Pompeius. 
 
 lUas XI. esse legiones, ' that the legions there were eleven.' 
 
 11. Messalla. M. Valerius Messalla was consul b.c, 52, and with 
 Caesar in the African war; but, as appears from this passage, was now 
 in Spain. 
 
 12. Pratrem eius : namely of Q^ Salassus. The latter was probably 
 Vettius Salassus, proscribed by the triumvirs in B.C. 43. He threw himself 
 from the roof of a house, on seeing his wife leading on the assassins. 
 
 16. Sponsor, 'surety.' Pompeio may refer to the father or the 
 son. 
 
 19. Oratorem meum. He alludes to his treatise ' Ad Marcum Brutum, 
 Orator.' His work ' De Oratore ' was finished ten years earlier, B.C. 55, that 
 entitled ' Brutus sive de claris Oratoribus ' in 46. The three were intended 
 to form a connected series. 
 
 22. Qui si est .... detrahatur, ' If this book is such as you tell me 
 it seems to you to be, then I too am of some consequence ; if not, I do not 
 refuse to be mulcted just as much as the book may be, in reputation for 
 critical ability.' This treatise therefore contains Cicero's most matured 
 thoughts on oratory. 
 
 25. Leptam nostrum : son of his correspondent. . 
 
 28. Omnino, 'in any case.* 
 
 Sed cum ea . . . satis firma sit. But TuUia was moved to Tus- 
 culum and died there within a few weeks of this time. Her child was born 
 in the January after her divorce from Dolabella ; she died in February. 
 
 29. Dum . . . pensionem, ' until I get from Dolabella's agents the first 
 instalment ' of TuUia's dowry, which was to be repaid in consequence of her 
 divorce. 
 
 31. Non tam sum peregrinator. Cicero was just sixty-one. 
 
 Aedificia mea . . . maius- ' My buildings (in my country houses) 
 used to delight me, and their retirement. Now I have a house [\n Rome) 
 equal to any of my villas ; and the retirement is greater than the most 
 secluded spot. 
 
 34. In quibus sine uUa interpellatione versor. The whole of 
 Cicero's works on philosophy and oratory, except those ' De Leg bus' and 
 ' De Republica,' were published in this, the preceding, and the following 
 years (46-44 b.c).
 
 Ep. 54- LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 77 
 
 37. Et cetera. 
 
 Ttjs S' dpfTTJs ISpaiTa ©eoJ vponipoiOev tdrjKav 
 'AOdvarot, fj.aicpLis 5e teal opOios oj/xos Itt' avr-l^v, 
 Kat TpTjxvs TO irpwTov' knfiv 8' fls OLKpov 'iKTjat 
 'Frj'iSiT] 5' Tjireira ntXei, xaAtTTTj Trep tovaa. 
 
 Ep. 54. Caius Cassius Longinus, afterwards one of Caesar's assassins, was 
 now in retirement at Brundisium, waiting for the end of the Spanish war. 
 
 I. Puto te . . . litteram; 'I suppose you must be somewhat ashamed 
 now that this third epistle has come down upon you, before you have 
 written a page or even a single letter in return.' Suppudere is impersonal. 
 ' Opprimo,' 'to catch suddenly,' 'take by surprise.' ' Oppressi luce copias 
 instruunt ' Caes. B. G. 8. 14. 
 
 4. Ternas ; the distributive is used because ' litterae ' is one of the plural 
 substantives which denote one compound object. Madv. § 76. c. 
 
 6. Tfeque id . . . excitari, ' I do not mean in imaginary apparitions as 
 your new friends say, who think that even intellectual imaginations are ex- 
 cited by the spectres of Catius.' These words were technical terms of the 
 Epicurean philosophy, of which Cassius had become an adherent. Images or 
 apparitions from distant objects were supposed to impinge upon the mind or 
 senses, and so give rise to perception. Catius was a native of Gaul, called 
 ' Insuber ' in the next sentence, who had written on the Epicurean system, 
 'in Epicureis levis quidem sed non iniucundus auctor ' Quint. lO. 1. 124; 
 probably not the same as the Catius mentioned by Horace, Sat. 2. 4, i. 
 
 9. Ille Gargettius : Epicurus, a native of the ' demus,' or ward, of 
 Gargettus, in Attica. 
 
 10. Et iam ante Democritus, ' and Democritus before him.' Demo- 
 critus of Abdera was one of the earlier teachers of the atomic philosophy, 
 born 460 B.C. Epicurus was born 342 B.C. 
 
 I I . His autem . . . non video. ' But even if the eyes could be struck 
 by these images because even of their own accord they rush to them, I do 
 not see how the mind can be,' Vel ipsa, sc. ' spectra.' But this is clearly 
 not the original reading, which lies concealed somewhere in the Medicean 
 reading ' quod velis ipsa currunt.' 
 
 12. Doceas tu me . . . occurrat, 'you must explain to me, when you 
 have come safe home, whether your image is at my control, so that as soon 
 as I choose to think of you, it hastens up to me.' 
 
 18. Si enim . . . restituare, ' for if you are angry and annoyed (at my 
 objections), I will say more, and demand that you shall be restored to that 
 sect from which by force and by armed men you were ejected.' Cicero 
 uses, jocosely, the formula of a praetor, who in his interdicts (decrees con- 
 cerning private rights) said to the aggressor, ' unde tu vi, hominibus armatis, 
 dejcceras illuc restituas.' The ' haeresis ' which Cassius had left was the 
 Stoic philosophy. 
 
 21. In hoc interdicto. ' In this decree it is not usual to add " within 
 
 N
 
 178 NOTES. Ep. 55. 
 
 this year." ' A real interdict always contained that limitation, and took no 
 effect if the event had happened earlier than that time. 
 
 2 2. Q,ua re si . . . nobis erit. ' Therefore, if it is now two or three 
 years since you divorced yourself from virtue, coaxed by the allurements 
 of pleasure, it is all the same to me ' — my decree is not limited by the 
 year. He jocosely calls the Stoic system virtue in contrast to the ' pleasure ' 
 of the Epicureans, not meaning that this popular language was true. 'Nun- 
 tium remittere uxori, marito, sponsae,' to dissolve a contract of marriage or 
 betrothal. 
 
 24. Uno. ' Unus ' is thus used to strengthen the superlative. Madv. § 310, 
 obs. 2. 
 
 28. Qvii id tibi in mentem venit ? * How came you to think of 
 writing this ? ' 
 
 Cassius answered this letter in much the same strain (Fam. 15. 19), de- 
 fending Epicurus, whom even his followers, he said, misinterpreted. He was 
 as anxious as Cicero about the event of the Spanish war, having a great 
 dread of the folly and cruelty of Cnaeus Pompeius. He returned to Rome 
 on Caesar's victory. 
 
 Ep. 55. Aulus Manlius Torquatus had been on the side of Pompeius, 
 and after the battle of Pharsalus took refuge at Athens, where he was living 
 in the early part of the year 45 B.C. Cicero had written a letter of 
 consolation to him shortly before this one, and wrote again twice on the 
 same subject. Little is known of Torquatus, except that he had been praetor 
 in 52 B.C. and had then presided at Milo's trial, and that he was an intimate 
 friend of Cicero. De Fin. 2. 22 ; Fam. 6. 1, 2 and 4, 
 
 7. lUud, the contents of the last letter. 
 
 8. If am etsi cotidie . . . cernimus, ' for although we daily hear some- 
 thing of these events, the report of which, I suppose, reaches you, yet the up- 
 shot and result will be the same. And this I see with my mind as clearly as 
 what one beholds with one's eyes.' The events he alludes to are those of 
 Caesar's second Spanish war, against Sextus and Cnaeus, sons of Pompeius. 
 Caesar had left Rome for Spain towards the end of 46 B.C., and brought the 
 war to a close by the battle of Munda, March 17th, 45 B.C., though he did 
 not return to Rome till September. 
 
 12. Nam etsi .... victoria. 'For though no one can divine what 
 issue the battle (now imminent) will have, yet I foresee the issue of the 
 war ; and supposing I cannot, I certainly can foresee (since one side or the 
 other must win) what will be the result of victory in either case.' ' If not,' 
 without a verb, is generally expressed by ' si[n]minus,' rarely by ' si non.' 
 Madv. § 442. c. Cicero clearly expected Caesar to crush Pompey's army, and 
 was not deceived. 
 
 15. Idque cum optime . . . proponitur. 'And, having looked clearly 
 through this matter, I see that it is of such a kind that in my opinion there 
 will be nothing to regret if even that event happens to us first which is
 
 Ep. 56. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 179 
 
 generally put forward as the great object of dread.' He means death, 
 which might be preferable to Hfe under either Caesar or the opposite party. 
 
 18. Ut turn sit vivendum, ' as one would then have to live' — in case 
 of the victory of either. 
 
 Cicero's despondent tone in this and many similar passages was quite 
 natural, as the events which afterwards took place showed. Caesar, indeed, 
 was more merciful after his victory was secure, than had been expected ; but 
 his character seems to have degenerated with success, nor was there any hope 
 under him of that restoration of liberty for which Cicero pined. On the 
 other hand, he had just cause to dread the triumph of the nobles; Cnaeus 
 Pompeius was a ferocious leader, burning, like his brother Sextus, to avenge 
 their father's death ; they had drawn their swords on Cicero himself when in 
 the camp of the latter, accusing him of treachery. He remembered the pro- 
 scriptions of Sulla when he was a young man, and feared the recurrence of 
 similar atrocities. 
 
 20. In ea es tirbe. Athens, where the very walls would utter consola- 
 tion. Torquatus was an Epicurean. 
 
 23. Eorum qui . . . timent. ' Of those who have gone to the war, or 
 those who have remained at home. The former fight, the latter fear the 
 conqueror.' Both were at least in as much danger as Torquatus. 
 
 27. Et si non ero . . . carebo. 'And if I shall cease to exist I shall 
 have no more consciousness.' 
 
 28. rXaiJK' els 'ASrivas. ' Owls to Athens,' like ' coals to Newcastle.' 
 Aristoph. Av. 301. 
 
 Ep. 56. I. De me excusando apud Appuleium. Appuleius had 
 just been chosen augur, and there was a law that all the other augurs should 
 attend the inaugural banquet (which lasted several days) unless excused by 
 illness, which needed to be affirmed each day by witnesses. 
 
 7. Quemcumque appellaris nemo negabit, 'no one will refuse 
 whoever it be to whom you apply.' 
 
 4. Sed mibi Laenas totum reeeperat, ' but Laenas had undertaken 
 the whole matter for me;' that is, to arrange for Cicero being excused pro- 
 perly. ' Recipio ' is used with a dative of the person benefited. ' Omnia ei et 
 petenti recepi, et ultro pollicitus sum ' Fam. 10. 21. 
 
 5. Quod scribis . . . videbis. 'As to what you say that you have been 
 called upon by Junius; Cornificius is certainly rich, but yet I should like to 
 know when I am said to have become surety, and whether for the father, or 
 for the son. However, you will, as you ^ay, see the agents of Cornificius, and 
 Appuleius, the dealer in estates.' Cornificius owed money to Junius, and 
 Cicero had become surety for him. but Cornificius being a rich man, Cicero 
 could not be held responsible. The elder Cornificius being dead, Cicero 
 doubts also if he is legally bound as surety for his son. Appuleius was a pur- 
 chaser of mortgaged estates : such persons were consulted as lawyers on 
 points of business. 
 
 N 2
 
 l8o NOTES. Ep. 57. 
 
 9. Ab hoc maerore. On account of Tullia's death, which had taken 
 place in February. 
 
 11. Domi tuae. It appears from this that Cicero had gone to stay with 
 Atticus immediately after Tullia's death. 
 
 16. Won quo proficiam . , . reficiendum: 'not that I succeed at 
 all (in forgetting my grief); but for the time I am hindered (from indulging 
 it). Not indeed as much as I could wish, for its violence presses on me, but 
 still I am eased, and strive with all my might to enliven, not my mind 
 indeed, but if I can my face at least.' Such expressions of grief grow even 
 more intense in subsequent letters. Cicero, unfortunately, had no domestic 
 consolation now, on account of his divorce from Terentia, and was shut out 
 from public occupation. For ' Non quo ' see Ep. 5. 2 note. 
 
 21. Solitudo aliquid adiuvat. He says in a letter written just after, 
 that he used to go into a thick and wild forest in the morning, and not come 
 out till the evening. 
 
 23. Nam pro malis .... amabas, ' for, considering my misfortunes, 
 the place suited me well, and yet I grieve on this very account (because of 
 my approaching departure to meet you). For you will not be able to be to 
 me what you were. All is gone which you used to love.' He means his 
 cheerfulness, wit, and power of amusement. 
 
 29. Pansa quando, ' when Pansa is going to his province.' Pansa was 
 going to Gaul to succeed M. Brutus in the government. For Pansa see note 
 on Ep. 50. 12. 
 
 30. Cratero, tne physician. Hor. Sat. 2. 3, 161. 
 Piliam, Atticus' wife. 
 
 Ep. 57. I. Publilia, Cicero's young wife, whom he had married only a 
 few months before. 
 
 Quasi. An admirable correction of Boot for ' suam ' usually read. This 
 makes the whole passage clear. Publilia in her letter spoke of her mother 
 to Cicero as ' mater ' just as if she were writing to her brother Publilius. In 
 writing to her husband she ought to have called her ' mater mea.' 
 
 2. Cum illo, Publilius. 
 
 8. Illas litteras non illius esse, ' that the letter was not her own,' 
 but written by or under the influence of her friends. 
 
 9. Quod fore video. This seems contradictory to nunc non puto. 
 But all that he meant by the latter words was that now he did not think she 
 really meant to come at once. ' Nunc ' means since he had discovered it was 
 not Publilia's own letter. He still feels convinced that she and her mother 
 will come sooner or later. 
 
 10. Una est vitatio, 'there is one way of avoiding them, though I 
 don't like it,' namely, by gomg away. There is no occasion to insert ' absim.' 
 Ut means 'although.' 
 
 12. Ad quam diem, 'for what period,' not up to what day; for obs. 
 ' quani,' not ' quern.'
 
 Ep. 58. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. l8l 
 
 12. TJt ne opprimar, ' so as not to be caught.* 
 
 13. Ciceroni. Marcus Tullius, Cicero's only son, was going to Athens 
 to study, and Atticus had been-asked, as usual, to manage the provision for 
 his journey thither. In one of his earliest letters to Atticus, his father 
 mentions his birth, B.C. 65 (Ep. 3), so that he would now be nearly twenty. 
 He had been taken, as a boy, to Cilicia, in his father's proconsulate, with his 
 cousin Quintus, and had been sent on a visit to king Deiotarus during the 
 war in M. Amanus. Although only eighteen he did good service to the 
 cause of Pompeius in the Pharsalian campaign, was with his father at 
 Brundisium when Caesar returned (Att. 11. 18), and no doubt was pardoned. 
 He was chosen aedile at Arpinum next year (Fam, 13. 11), and in 45 B.C. 
 wished to join Caesar in Spain. His father dissuaded him from this, and he 
 consented to go to Athens instead, and to study. There is an interesting 
 letter extant written from Athens by him to Tiro, B.C. 44, showing good 
 temper, and elegance of style (Fam. 16. 21), and his father expressed pleasure 
 at his talents and progress (Att. 14. 7 ; 15- i?)- He fought on the republican 
 side after the death of Caesar, and when the cause was lost at PhiUppi lived 
 in retirement under the amnesty at Rome until Octavianus made him augur 
 and finally consul, B.C. 30. in the 3'ear of the death of Antonius. He was 
 afterwards governor of Asia, or of Syria. 
 
 Ita taiuen . • . videbitur, ' but only if it seems to you not 
 unfair.' 
 
 14. Ut sumptus .... Aventini, 'that he will make the rents of 
 Argiletum and Aventine meet the costs of this tour ; which he would have 
 been quite satisfied with if he had been at Rome and had hired a house 
 there, which he was thinking of doing.' Cicero intended to let some houses 
 in the part of Rome called Argiletum and in the Aventine, and apply the 
 rents as above. Argiletum was between the Circus Maximus and the 
 Aventine. 
 
 17. Mercedes is the antecedent of quibus. 
 
 18. Et ctim . . .opus sit, 'and when you have proposed this to him 
 I shall be glad if you will yourself arrange the rest, how I can supply him 
 from these rents with what he needs.' 
 
 20. Praestabo nee Bibulum, &c. Calpurnius Bibulus, Manlius Aci- 
 dinus, and Valerius Messalla were to be students at Athens with young 
 Cicero. 
 
 23. Conductores qui sint et quanti, 'who wish to be tenants, and 
 at what rent.' 
 
 24. Qviid viatici, quid instrumenti satis sit, ' what provisions for 
 his journey and what equipnieiits will be enough.' ' Instrumenlum ' applies 
 to his residence at Athens, as well as his journey. The genitive is after 
 •quid,' denoting measure. Madvig, 285. b. 
 
 26. Quod etiam tu animadvertis, 'which you notice also;' no 
 doubt in a letter, which Cicero had received from Atticus.
 
 l82 NOTES. Ep. 58. 
 
 Ep. 58. From Servius Sulpicius, proconsul jt Achaia. See note to 
 Ep. 49. 
 
 I. Postea quam mihi . . . declarassem, 'As soon as news was 
 brought me of the death of Tullia, your daughter, I assure you I was griev- 
 ously and painfully affected by it, as was natural, and felt as if I shared the 
 calamity ; and if I had been with you I would not have been wanting to 
 you, and should have shown, to your face, my own sorrow.' Sane quam 
 gives emphasis to a statement. ' Sane quam incutit multis magnum metum ' 
 Earn. 8. 4. Pro eo ac debui, ' in proportion as,' or ' in the degree that I 
 was bound to.' 
 
 6. Confieri. ' Confici ' is more usual. 
 
 9. Uti magis ipsi. The delicacy and skill with which Sulpicius consoles 
 his friend, implying his own deep sympathy, is very remarkable. 
 
 20. Illius vicem. ' Vicem ' with genitive, as here, or ace. of possessive 
 pronouns, is used adverbially with adjectives and verbs. 
 
 23. Mortem cum vita commutare? 'Muto' and its compounds, in 
 the sense of ' exchanging,' take two cases, ace. and abl., the latter either with 
 or without 'cum.' The thing received in exchange is sometimes, as here, 
 put in the ace. ; and sometimes in the abl., as ' praedas mutare vino ' Sail. 7. 
 48. See Madv. § 258, Obs. 2. 
 
 27. Credo, ironical both here and below. 
 
 35. Haec sufferre et perpeti, 'that they (our children) should bear up 
 against and suffer out these (miserable times).' 
 
 43. Hem ! an interjection of surprise. 
 
 46. Oppidum, gen. plur. 
 
 Visne tu. ' Vis tu ' is a gentle form of request. As ' ne ' sometimes 
 has the sense of ' nonne,' so here ' visne ' presumes an affirmative answer, 
 and strengthens the request implied. 
 
 49. Idem, ace. neut. sing. 
 
 Modo vmo tempore, 'just lately, at once,' i.e. at the battle of 
 Pharsalia, and iipmediately afterwards. 
 
 50. De imperio populi Komani tanta deminutio facta est. By 
 ' imperium P. R.' is meant the power of the citizens in their own stale. 
 Sulpicius seems to allude to a law of Caesar, B.C. 46, making two years the 
 limit for holding a consular province, one year for holding a praetorian. The 
 object was to prevent any one else from gaining the military power which he 
 had himself acquired by his long tenure of his province. 
 
 58. Una cum re publica fuisse, ' that she lived as long as the 
 republic' 
 
 62. Hoc nomine, in respect of her death. 
 
 67. Tute, the suffix 'te' emphasizes 'tu' in comparison with 'alii.' 
 
 72. Hoc facere, to do as you are now doing. 
 
 75. Denique, quoniam . . . lugere. 'Finally, since we have arrived 
 at such a condition that we must bend even to this motive, do not give
 
 Ep, 59. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 83 
 
 any one the chance of thinking that you are not grieving so much for your 
 daughter, as for the state of the republic and tlie victory of othtrs.' This 
 suspicion might have endangered Cicero with Caesar's party. 
 
 82. Fac aliquando intellegamus, 'let us see for once.' He perhaps 
 delicately alludes to Cicero not having borne his exile firmly. 
 
 Cicero, in thanking Sulpicius for this beautiful letter, admits that it had 
 given him much comfort. (Fam. 4. 6.) His grief was excessive during 
 the early months of this year ; he could bear no com.pany, and, though he 
 employed himself diligently in reading and writing, found, he says, little 
 consolation in them. His letters to Atticus are full of a project, which much 
 occupied his mind until August, of building a temple in memory of Tullia ; 
 but the scheme was never carried out, and his mind became again occupied 
 with public matters as the time of Caesar's return drew near. Meantime it 
 is interesting to see how his friends, who were among the best and most 
 virtuous men of the time, exerted themselves to console him. The historian 
 Lucceius had written to him for this object, and Cicero's reply is preserved 
 (Fam. 5. 13), besides two letters which they exchanged later in the same 
 year (Epp. 59, 60). 
 
 Ep. 59. 2. Eomae quia postea . . . miratus sum, ' I have wondered 
 that you have never been at Rome since you left it.' Cicero had gone 
 to Astura, a small island on the coast of Latium, in March, and had stayed 
 there till late in May; from thence he removed to his villa near Antium, 
 where this letter was received from his friend Lucceius the historian. For 
 some account of Lucceius, see on Ep. 18. 
 
 9. Praesertim vel . . . promat, ' especially considering either the 
 weariness of your mind ' — ' or its learning producing as it does,' &c. 
 
 10. Vel erudito, qui semper aliquid ex se promat, quod alios 
 delectet, te ipsum laudibus inlustret. It would be hard to describe 
 Cicero's activity of mind and genius more justly than in these words of 
 Lucceius. Unless we insert ' te,' ' ipsum ' must grammatically refer to ' animus 
 tuus,' as it is used for ' se ipsum ' but not for ' te ipsum.' The subjunctives 
 quaerat and ' promat ' come under the description (Madvig, § .^64) of 
 ' relative propositions which complete the idea of a certain quality, and 
 express the way in which it operates;' 'qui' being nearly equivalent to 
 * talis, ut.' 
 
 13. ITon possum . . . accusare, 'I cannot but find fault with you, if 
 you allow me to speak freely what I think.' 
 
 21. Ad consuetudinem . . . propriam, ' to your usual habits of life, 
 either such as we have shared in common, or such as you may choose for 
 yourself.' Med. marks a lacuna between redeas and ad. Perhaps 
 ' atque ' has fallen out. 
 
 22. Cupio . . . incepto. ' I wish not to annoy you, if you are not 
 pleased with my earnestness ; yet I wish to deter you from persisting in your 
 purpose.'
 
 184 NOTES. Ep. 6oj6i. 
 
 24. Nunc duae . . . offendas. * These two contrary things (or wishes) 
 cause me anxiety while I write ; I hope that you will either comply with me 
 in the latter, if you can ; or at least, that you will not take offence at the 
 former (nostro studio).' Aut repeated in the second clause, sometimes 
 means ' or at least.' 
 
 ' Incute vim ventis, submersasque obrue puppes, 
 Aut age diversos et disiice corpora ponto ' Virg. Aen. i. 69. 
 
 ' Offendo ' is used in both a transitive and intransitive sense ; here, in the 
 latter. 
 
 Ep. 60. I. Ex omnibus partibus. 'entirely,' Without 'ex' it has 
 the same sense. So also, 'in omnes partes' Fam. 4. lO. 
 
 2. Won ille quidem, ' not indeed that that aifection was unknown to 
 me, but,' &c. ' Ille quidem ' is frequently thus used, throwing a slight 
 emphasis on the antecedent substantive or its attributes, and followed by 
 ' sed,' ' autem,' &c. ' Sed L. Miicius enucleate ille quidem et polite, ut 
 solebat, nequaquam autem ea vi atque copia ' Brut. 30. It may be described 
 as a ' concessive ' phrase. 
 
 4. Ob earn unam causam. The death of his daughter, which, however, 
 Lucceius had "not expressly mentioned. 
 
 9. Habuimus enim fere communes, ' for we had in great measure 
 the same friends.' He implies that Lucceius would feel with him in the loss 
 of friends. 
 
 14. Sed certe . . . Puteolano, 'but we certainly have not hitherto 
 (lived much together), at tbe times when we were neighbours in the country 
 at Tusculum or Puteoli.' 
 
 18. Quod enim . . . solaeiis ? ' for what refuge had I, stripped as I 
 was of private and public enjoyments and consolations ? ' 
 
 20. Litterae .... adsidue, 'books, I suppose, with which I am con- 
 tinually employed.' Credo, like our expression ' of course,' may introduce 
 something which cannot be gainsaid, or something which is evidently false 
 and ironical. 
 
 25. In qua domus nihil delectare possit. On account of his late 
 divorce from Terentia, and unhappy marriage with Publilia, mentioned 
 above. See Ep. 51, 7, note. 'Domus,' home life as opposed to public 
 employments. 
 
 29. Quod si id . . . metus, ' but if you and I had done what 
 we never even thought of doing, on account of the daily fear we 
 lived in.' 
 
 Ep. 61. 4. Ligarianam, sc. ' orationem.' In the year B.C. 46. just 
 before Caesar's departure to Spain, Cicero had defended L. Ligarius (accused 
 of having been a partisan of Pompeius') before the dictator in the forum. 
 His speech, which is extant, was a skilful appeal to Caesar's clemency, and 
 was successful. 
 
 Vendidisti. ' Vendo ' often means to recommend like a salesman,
 
 Ep. 6i. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 185 
 
 to speak highly of. This is the sense as appears from Att. 13- 19 ' Ligaria- 
 nam, ut video, praeclare auctoritas tua commendavit.' 
 
 4. Posthac .... deferam, ' in future, whatever I write I will make 
 you my auctioneer.' This is in continuation of the metaphor suggested by 
 • vendo.' 
 
 6. Scis me .... intexere. ' You know that I have been used to 
 write speeches hitherto or things of that kind, so that I could not insert 
 Varro anywhere in them.' 
 
 Cicero had lately finished two philosophical works, his ' De Finibus,' and 
 his ' Academicae Quaestiones.' The latter, which is the subject of this and 
 the following letter, had been composed, as this letter informs us, in the 
 names of Catulus and Liicullus, as speakers. For the reason given in the 
 next sentence, Cicero complied with a sug2;estion of Atticus to insert Varro's 
 name instead. The words aliquid id genus refer to Cicero's treatises on 
 oratory, all of which were composed before this time ; the ' Brutus, de claris 
 Oratoribus' in 46 B.C.; the 'ad M. Brutum, Orator,' early in the present 
 year. ' Id genus ' is in apposition with ' aliquid.' The ' De Republica ' was 
 written some years earlier. All his other philosophical works we owe to the 
 years 46-44, when his activity of mind must have been immense. 
 
 7. Postea autem . . . "rrpo(r4>uvT]criv, ' but after I had begun these 
 treatises, more of a literary kind, Varro had already announced his intention 
 of making a really great and valuable dedication to me.' Perhaps that of 
 Varro's famous work on the Latin language. ' Denuntio ' is used of formal 
 announcements, political or religious, and has here a slightly pompous air, 
 intentionally given. 
 
 9. Biennium .... processerit. 'Two years passed awav while that 
 Callippides (i. e. Varro) though constantly moving did not get on an inch.' 
 Callippides was a celebrated actor of tragedies, blamed for overdoing his 
 action. Cicero alludes to him as the proverbial tj'pe of those ' qui satagunt 
 et nihil agunt.' 
 
 II. Ego autem ... potuissem. 'But I was preparing to reply to 
 what he should send me, with the same measure, and better, if I could.* 
 Alluding to Hesiod's line, 
 
 avToi Toi fiirpq) Kal \iSCov aiKt Swrjat. 
 
 Opp. et D. 350. 
 Brut. 4 ' Quamquam illud Hesiodi laudatur a doctis, quod eadem mensura 
 reddere iubet qua acceperis, aut etiam cumulatiore si possis.' 
 
 13. Nunc illam .... scripsisti. 'Now I have betrothed to Brutus, 
 as you wished, my " De Finibus," which I value much: and you have written 
 to me that he was pleased with the compliment.' Cicero's contemporaries 
 seem to have been aware of his literary greatness, and were glad that their 
 names should go down to posterity in connection with his work. Despon- 
 dimus may be merely ' promised,' or it may be used, as translated, ia a 
 tropical sense.
 
 l85 yOTES. Ep. 6r. 
 
 16. Hobiles ffl< gvidem, 'in which men, iIInstno>Ds iiuiecd, bat bj 
 no means liteiaij, speak, with too much subtle^.* Cztnhis and Lncol- 
 bts^ d&e fonmcr intorilocatois, was not suitable cbaiacteis fcH^ the subtle 
 dbcnsaons of tb? Academy. *Illi qnidon* as in £p. 60. 2, where see 
 note. 
 
 18. Etenrni srmt . . . probat, * for thej are in tf^e strle of Antiodins, 
 which Varco hi^ilj appfores.' Antiochos of Ascalon, Cicero's teadier, 
 who leiired the doctrines c^ the old Academj, or of Plato's schooL 
 Acad. a. 19. 
 
 19. Catolo . . . velim. * I wiO, in some otho' work, repaj Catnhis and 
 Locnlhis Hdt their kss ; at least if jon approve this fwoposal: and do joa 
 write bs<^ to me, if joa {^ease, what too think of it.' 
 
 The two bot^s, the first oolj a fragment, which are now extant, entitled 
 * Academicae Qnaestioaes * (Academics is probably the right name), belonged 
 to the two di l Fe ient copies or editions of his work of which Cicero speaks in 
 this and the fialbwing letter. The irst, in which ¥arro, Attfcns, and himse!f 
 are the inteilocntors, is part of the first of those sent to Varro (foor in 
 cumber) after he had made the change mentioned in these letters, patting 
 Yairo's name with two others in place of Catnhis and Lncnllns, and enlarg- 
 ing the two books to foor. The second book of the extant Acadenucs is 
 the original secmid book, inscribed Lacnllas, and b^;ianiiig widi an 
 encominm on him, as mentioned Att. 13. 33. The other book (Catnlns) 
 of the first editioa or capr, and the other three of the second, sent to Varro, 
 are aQ lost. Sereral of Cicero's letters at this time (Jane — September B.C. 45) 
 speak of his diange of {dan in the inscription of his work. 
 
 20. De Bzinniana anctiane. Cicero, with some others, had a legacv 
 left ham by Brinnins, whose estates were to be sold in order to pay the 
 
 ' l^atees. Yestorins was a money-lender, with whom Cicero and Attfcns did 
 bossoess. Cicero dates two letters fitHin his house (Att. 14. 12 and 21). 
 
 22. Beni. ad me esse conlatam, ' that the bnaiaess is pnt upon me.* 
 It was nsoal ia such sales tliat one of the parties interested should act as 
 exeoitor. 
 
 23. a.d. Tin. Kal. Qr-- -- , ::; ca wIii«A the arrangement 
 meadooed abore was made. 
 
 ,. Profer=.-t, • :: ;:';: thr ; ; C'tzTD should go to his 
 
 Tc -is July 13. 
 
 CI: . 7 " ■ ■ as nnwiSing 
 
 ■ r ae cow was; lor tiie sake of meeting his 
 
 : --.- = . 1: .. : 73. 14. 
 
 26. C".u:i 2^15:::^ Zr; .v . ji r r; • Piso and Eros are both with yoo.' 
 
 'P-o — li -. :; ■:t-. J: 5 1 ::" .Att-ccs who attended to Cicero's 
 
 : ; 7 r 7 in of buying the gardens 
 
 2. He widied to raise 
 
 ----.;:.. _.,::..---.;;.'".-;': ct Fabirios. Eros
 
 Ep. 62. LETTEIS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 87 
 
 would calculate these, and Piso would advance the money. The scheme 
 seems to have never been carried out. 
 
 27. Dies adest. The day for the auction. He wishes Atticus to pre- 
 pare in g. .od time. 
 
 Ep. 62. I. Commotus tuis litteris. The letter of Atticus referred 
 to is no doubt the same which is alluded to in the preceding letter, not an 
 answer to the latter. 
 
 3. In quattuor. Of which only the first book exists. See note to 
 preceding letter. 
 
 5. Qui = quomodo. 
 
 6. Illud vero . . . scire pervelim. 'But anvhow I want to know 
 this, who it was that you think was envied by him, unless perhaps (_vou 
 think) it was Brutus: this (supposition) indeed was the only one I couiJ 
 entertain ; but yet I should much like to be certain.' For utique cp. Ep. 
 29. 8, note. 
 
 7. Kestabat, ' remained on my mind as reasonable.' Cicero had just 
 dedicated to Brutus his treatise ' De Finibus bonorum et malorum,' and 
 had heard that Varro felt jealous of this. He had intended not to intro- 
 duce any living persons as interlocutors in his dialogues ; but on Atticus 
 suggesting that it seemed ostentatious to bring in such persons as Catulus 
 and LucuUus, he gladly caught at the proposal to insert Varro's name, 
 especially as his pursuits made it appropriate. This gave him an oppor- 
 tunity of making himself a party in the dialogue. Att. 13. 19 ' Haec 
 Academica, ut scis, cum Catulo, Lucu'lo, Hortensio contuleram : sane in per- 
 sonas non cadebant ; erant enim \oyiKarT(pa quam ut illi de iis somniasse 
 unquam viderentur, Itaque ut legi tuas de Varrone, tanquam tpiuuov 
 accepi. Aptius esse nihil potuit ad id phi'.osophiae genus, quo ille maxime 
 mihi delectari videtur, easque partes, ut non sira consecutus, ut superior mea 
 causa videatur ; sunt enim vehementur iTiBava. Antiochia : quae diligenter 
 a me expressa, acumen habent Antiochi, nitorem orationis nostrjm, si 
 modo is est aliquis in nobis.' It is much to be regretted that the three 
 books are lost, although, as said above, the substance is partly preserved in 
 the second book of the extant work. 
 
 11. Frtistra descripta siint, 'have been copied to no purpose.' 
 Cicero was in the habit of sending his writings to Atticus, and allowing him 
 to have them copied by his private copyists (librarii) before they were pub- 
 lished. Some.imes unauthorized persons got possession of copies before 
 publication, as Balbus got part of the ' De Finibus.' Att. 13. 21. 
 
 12. Breviora, Probably not shorter in actual length but more con- 
 densed in matter. 
 
 13. Ntmc autem . . . Tpuas. 'But now I am in doubt whither to 
 turn : I wish to write something for Dolabella, who is very anxious for it. 
 Rut I do not see what it can be ; and also, I " stand in awe of the Troians." ' 
 He frequently quotes these words from Homer, to express his regard for
 
 l88 NOTES. Ep. 63. 
 
 what his fellow-citizens would say. Dolabella, having taken Caesar's side, 
 was unpopular with Cicero's old companions, besides being a man of bad 
 character. 
 
 19. In his acqtiiesco, ' I calm my anxiety by these.' His anxiety was 
 on account of the health of Atticus' daughter, Pomponia, whom he calls 
 Attica. 
 
 Ep. 63. M. Fadio Gallo. He was an intimate friend of Cicero, and 
 a man of taste in the fine arts. Fani. 7- 23. He had been trying to soothe 
 Tigellius the poet and singer, Hor. Sat. I. 3, 4, who was offended with 
 Cicero. Fam. 7. 24. 
 
 1. Quod epistolam conscissam doles. * As regards your distress 
 at the letter being destroyed, do not be unhappy about it.' The allusion is 
 either to a letter from Gallus to Cicero, or to one from Cicero, which Callus 
 had by accident destroyed, but of which Cicero had a copy. If the former, 
 Cicero had probably supposed he had destroyed it, but had now redis- 
 covered it. 
 
 2. Quod autem me mones, 'but as to your warning me, I am very 
 grateful ;' warning him against Tigellius, who was in favour with Caesar. 
 
 4. Hideamus, 'lest we should laugh sardonically.' This phrase had 
 not its modern signification of a sneering laugh. It was taken from a herb, 
 said to grow in Sardinia, which when eaten caused a distention of the jaws, 
 producing death. Tigellius was a Sardinian, and Gallus anticipated danger 
 from his enmity. 
 
 5. Sed heus tu . . . putaramus. ' But, look out ! your hand off the 
 tablet ! The master is come sooner than we thou^'ht.' Boys at school, 
 when their master was away, would meddle with his writing materials : 
 this is the alarm given on his suddenly coming back. Cicero means that 
 Caesar was soon coming home from Spain, and Gallus and himself must take 
 care what they were doing. They had both written treatises in praise 
 of Cato. 
 
 6. Vereor ne in Catonium Catoninos, • I am afraid that he will send 
 all the Catonians to the lower world.' The pun upon the words Catonini, 
 friends of Cato and Catonium, cannot be rendered into English. The mimic 
 poet Lr.berius (who acted, though a knight, in this very year by Caesar's 
 command) is quoted as using the word Catonium. * Toilet bona fide vos 
 Orcus in Catonium' Aul. Gell. i. 76. Catonium is of course connected with 
 KaTO}, below. 
 
 7. Mi Galle, &c. ' My dear Gallus, be assured that nothing could be 
 better than the part of your letter following the words " Cetera labuntur." 
 This is private: listen, keep it to yourself.' G.iUus had expressed discontent 
 at the condition of Rome under Caesar. Cicero agrees with him, but writes 
 cautiously, almost enigmatically in reply, and might be taken as writing 
 only about style. 
 
 10. Bene malene, videro, ' whether well or ill, I will consider at
 
 Ep. 64. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. 1 89 
 
 another time; but whatever it is, it belongs to us two only.' He means that 
 no others ventured to write thus. ' Videro' Madvig, § 340. Obs. 4. 
 
 II. Urge igitur nee transversam unguem (qiiod aiunt) a stilo. 
 'Push on then, and do not stray a nail's breadth (as the s..ying is) from your 
 writing.' Schiitz thinks this sentence too abrupt to have been written with- 
 out more connection with the preceding. But Cicero is purposely brief and 
 enigmatical. He perhaps means to warn Gallus to keep to his studies and 
 avoid politics. ' Transversum unguem ' would be in English idiom ' a hair's 
 breadth.' Att. 13. 20 'In omni vita sua quemque a recta conscientia tra- 
 versum unguem non oportet d'scedere.' 
 
 13. Adsumo, for my studies. 
 
 Ep. 64. I. O hospitem . . . dfjLeTajiE'X-rjTOv 1 'To think of my having 
 a guest who cost nie so much anxiety, and yet no regret (for his having 
 come)!' This visit of Caesar took place at the end of 54 B.C., shortly 
 before his campaign in Africa against the optimates, which ended in the 
 victory of Thapsus and the suicide of Cato. For the ace. cp, ' O hominem 
 facileni ' Ep. 47. 9. 
 
 Fuit enim periuciinde. Sometimes, in familiar language, ' sum ' is 
 used with an adverb which denotes way or manner, instead of the corre- 
 sponding adjective, e.g. ' impune fuit.' Madv. § 209. b. Obs. 2. 
 
 2. Secundis Saturnalibus, on the second day of the Saturnalia. 
 
 5. CIO. This sign is a corruption of the Greek 4>, which letter was taken 
 as the conventional representation of looo. In the same way "V and were 
 corrupted into L and C. 
 
 6. Custodes, to prevent Caesar's escort from following him into the 
 villa. The soldiers were thus compelled to encamp outside (Castra in 
 agro). 
 
 8. Apud Philippum. He stayed with' Philip till nearly noon on the 
 day after his arrival at Philip's house. 
 
 9. Cum Balbo. See Ep. 21, 15, note. 
 
 In balneum, at Cicero's house. His arrival there is left to be un- 
 derstood. 
 
 10. De Mamurra. There had been a Mamurra in his employment in 
 Gaul, but what this allusion means caimot be determined. 
 
 Non mutavit, ' it had no effect upon him.' ' Muto' is intransitive. 
 
 11. Accubuit. ' Discunibo' is frequent in the same sense. 
 
 Agebat, ' he intended to take,' after dinner, so he indulged freely 
 (dSfcDs). Cp. ' Ipse qui dedebatur' Off. 3. 30, 'He himself who was going 
 to be delivered up.' Madv. § 337. Obs. I. 
 
 13. Bene cocto, condito, 'something well cooked and seasoned.' 
 These ablatives probably depend on some verb preceding them in the 
 original, but this is mere conjecture, as the works of Lucilius are only pre- 
 served to us ia fragmentary quotations. Lucilius was Horace's original in 
 satire.
 
 190 NOTES. Ep. 65. 
 
 14. Sermone bono seems to be an ablative descriptive of an accom- 
 paniment of the feast. 
 
 17. Homines visi sumus, 'we seemed on friendly terms, as men 
 should be with one anothtr.' Distinctions of rank and party were laid aside. 
 
 1 8. Eodem ad me cum revertere, 'come this same way and visit me 
 when you return." 
 
 19. SiTovoaiov oi/Se'v. Conversation was on literature, not on the events 
 of the time. 
 
 20. Libenter fuit. Cp. ' periucunde fuit,' above. 
 
 21. Habes, ' you have got the account of.' 
 
 22. 'ETTiaTaGjAeCav. This word is suSstituted for hospitium, to show 
 that Cicero had no choice about entertaining Caesar. It is a term employed 
 of troops 'billeted' on their entertainers. 
 
 25, Wee usguam alibi. This was a mark of honour to his friend 
 Dolabella. 
 
 Ep. 65. I. Tfec hortor nee rogo. This letter is in answer to one 
 from M'. Curius (Fam. 7. 29), in which the latter speaks of returning to 
 Italy in obedience to Cicero's ' praecepta.' 
 
 2. Ubi nee Pelopidarum. See note on a former letter to Curius, 
 Ep. 48. 10. 
 
 4. Intersim. The subjunctive gives the cause of his unfavourable judg- 
 ment on himself. 
 
 8. Hora secunda, about a quarter past 8 a.m. 
 
 Comitiis quaestoriis ; the comitia tributa, at which the lesser 
 magistrates, such as quaestors, tribunes, &c., were elected. 
 
 9. Q,. MaxLmi. He had been appointed consul by Caesar as a reward 
 for his services in Spain. The people resented this arbitrary appointment. 
 Cp. ' Ab universis conclamatum est, non esse consulem eum' Suet. J. C. So. 
 
 Illi, Caesar's, party. 
 II. Centuriata; at which consuls and praetors were elected. 
 
 Hora septima. The seventh hour began at twelve noon. If, there- 
 fore, Can inius' election was not announced till after twelve o'clock, luncheon 
 time would already be past, for the 'prandium' was taken at noon, 'cibus 
 meridianus.' 
 
 13. Postridie, next day. The events related happened Dec. 31. 
 
 15. Somnum non viderit. He would hardly be asleep before mid- 
 night, and at midnight the Kalends of January began, and his consulship 
 was over. 
 
 21. Proprium te esse scribis mancipio et nexo. This alludes 
 to what Curius had written, ' sum enim XP'?"'*' f s** tuus, KTqati Se Attici 
 noslri, ergo fructus est tuus, mincipium illius' Fam. 7. 29. 'Mancipio et 
 nexo,' 'by ownership and bond.' Curius said he must consider himself the 
 property of Atticus, because he was his oldest friend, and had introduced him 
 to Cicero ; but Cicero should have the full benefit of his friendly services,
 
 Ep. 65. LETTERS OF M. T. CICERO. I9I 
 
 'usus et fructus.' 'Maiicipium' and 'usus' are contrasted in the famous 
 line, 
 
 'Vitaque mancipio nulli datur, omnibus usu' Lucr, 3. 9S3. 
 22. Isto, sc. ' usu,' ' which you allot me.' 
 
 24. Aeilius. ^I. Acilius Glabrio was one of Caesar's lieutenants, and held 
 successive commands in Sicily and Achaia. 
 
 25. Maximo meo benefieio est, ' is in the receipt of very great 
 services from me,' is under the greatest obligations to me. For the abl. 
 see Madv-g, § 272, Obs. 2. 
 
 27. Diligentissime scripsi. It has been thought that Fain. 13. 50 is 
 the letter referred to. It is inscribed ' Aucto,' for which Schiitz proposes to 
 read Aciiici.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 (^Tlie references are to the pages.) 
 
 abdo, constraction of, 169. 
 ablative, with a, 124, 129; de- 
 
 sciiptive, 191 ; of cause, 165 ; 
 
 with confidere, 165. 
 abutor, 118. 
 ac, adversative, 124. 
 Academic Philosophy, 143. 
 accumbo, 189. 
 accusative, attracted, 102 ; measure 
 
 of distance, 115. 
 acta, 120. 
 Actium, 159. 
 Acutilius, 97. 
 ad (of time), 99. 
 adjectives in ' bundus,' 158. 
 administro, intrans., 152. 
 Adoption, 108, 
 adverbs with sum, 1S9, 190. 
 Aesopus, 127. 
 Afranius (L.), 108, 122. 
 Agrarian law (Flavian), 108. 
 Agrarian law (Caesar's), 110, 112. 
 OLKvOripov, 150. 
 Alexander, 112. 
 alienus, 116. 
 
 aliqui, depreciatory, 128. 
 dWrjyopiai, ill. 
 Amanus (Mt.), 147. 
 Ampia, 172. 
 
 Ampius (T. Balbus), v. Balbus. 
 andabata, 132. 
 dviKSoTa, no. 
 Anicatus, in. 
 Artiochus, 186. 
 
 Antonius (Caius), 102, 103. 
 
 Antonius (Marcus), 155, 160, 161, 
 171. 
 
 Apamea, 146. 
 
 aperio, = promise to pay, 139. 
 
 d(peX.Tjs, 106. 
 
 Appius Claudius, v. Claudius. 
 
 Appuleius, 179. 
 
 Archilochia edicta, 112. 
 
 Ariobarzanes, 147, 148. 
 
 Aristarchus, 174. 
 
 Aristotle, 133. 
 
 Aristoxenus, 165. 
 
 Aristus, 142, 143. 
 
 Arrius, 106. 
 
 Atius (C. Paelignus), 165. 
 
 Attelanae, 127. 
 
 Attica, V. Pomponia. 
 
 Atticus (T, Pomponius), friend- 
 ship with Cicero, 104 ; quarrel 
 with Q. Cicero, 105 ; connection 
 with Athens, 142 ; estates, 97, 
 100, 104. 
 
 atque adeo, = and even, 106. 
 
 Aufidian Law, 107. 
 
 augurs, 1 79. 
 
 Aurelian Law, 117. 
 
 aut, =or at least, 184. 
 
 Autronius, 11 4. 
 
 avis alba, 169. 
 
 Axius, 118. 
 
 Balbus (L. Cornelius), 129, 170, 
 171.
 
 194 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Balbus (T. Ampius), 170, 172, 
 
 173. 
 
 Bibulus (M. Calpurnius), 102, 106, 
 
 112, 147, 159, 160. 
 bribery, 107. 
 Brinnius, 186. 
 Bruttium, 114. 
 Brutus (Decimus), 171. 
 Brutus (Marcus), 148. 
 
 CIO. 189. 
 
 cado, = accido, 115. 
 
 Caelius (C. Caldus), 152, 154, 155. 
 
 Caesar (L. Julius), and the first 
 
 triumvirate, no ; attempt to gain 
 
 over Cicero, 110; consul, 112; 
 
 in Gaul, it8, 135 ; Britain, 12S; 
 
 and his command (50 B. c), 1 48, 
 
 149, 162 ; dictator, 179, 182, 
 
 188; campaign in Spain, 178; 
 
 treatment of the senate, 175 ; 
 
 restoration of exiles, 174 ; and 
 
 Cicero, 119, 133, 161. 
 Calidius, 116. 
 Callipides, 185, 
 Callisthenes, 123. 
 Camillus (C. Furius), 163, 168. 
 Cauda via, 115. 
 Cassiope, 157. 
 Cassius (Caius), 146, 147, 177, 
 
 178. 
 Cassius (Quintus), 149, 155, 161. 
 Catiline, 100. 
 Catius, 177. 
 Cato (Marcus), loS, 152, 156, 
 
 157, 162. 
 Catulus, 186. 
 
 celo, construction of, 131, 143. 
 cena, 157. 
 census, 109. 
 certus, 153. 
 Chrysippus, 160. 
 Cicero (Lucius), 97. 
 Cicero (M. Tullius), canvass for 
 
 consulship, 100; intends to de- 
 fend Catiline, 100; consul, loi ; 
 tour in Italy, 109 ; and the first 
 triumvirate, no; exile of, 112, 
 113, 114, 116; recall of, 117, 
 
 119, 120, 122 ; after return from 
 exile, 126, 130, 134, 156; in- 
 tends going to Spain with Pom- 
 peius, 128 ; defends Gabinius, 
 126 ; and Vatinius, 130 ; augur, 
 138; in Cilicia, 103, 138, 142, 
 152 ; desires a triumph, I47, 
 151, 156, 161 ; returns to Italy, 
 157, 161 ; during the civil war, 
 130, 162, 165, 167; during 
 Caesar's dictatorship, 1 79 ; de- 
 fends Ligarius, 184; deeply 
 affected by the death of Tullia, 
 180, 183 ; divorced from Teren- 
 tia and married to Publilia, 1 73 ; 
 friendship with Atticus, 104; 
 complaints against him, 118, 
 
 120, 122; estates, 113, 114, 
 116, 120, 123, 167, 181, 186; 
 slaves, 114; debts, 139 ; relations 
 with Caesar, 133, 161; and 
 Pompeius, loi, 102, 117, 119, 
 134, 161 ; policy, 105; dislike 
 of games, 128; vanity, 124; 
 insincerity, 1 74 ; Works, 1 76 ; 
 on his consulship, 125 ; Orator, 
 176; de Oratore, 133, 151; de 
 Republica, 132, 133 ; deFinibus 
 and Acad., 185, 186. 
 
 Cicero (M. Tullius), son of pre- 
 ceding, 99, 1 8 1. 
 
 Cicero (Quintus), in Asia, 103, 
 155 ; disagreement with Pom- 
 ponia, 103, 116; Caesar's lega- 
 tus, 131, 135 ; his poem on 
 Caesar's campaign, 131 ; writes 
 four tragedies, 135; estates, 140. 
 
 Cimber Tillius, 172. 
 
 cistophorus, 110.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 195 
 
 Civil War, 162. 
 
 Claudius (Appius), 138, 152, 153. 
 
 Clodius, accuses Catiline, 100 ; 
 and bribery, 107 ; adopted into 
 the plebs, 108 ; tribune of the 
 plebs, III, 119; attack on 
 Cicero, 112, 113. 
 
 cogito, with infin., 100. 
 
 cohors praetoria, 1 59. 
 
 collegia, 1 19. 
 
 comitia centuriata, 117, 130, 190. 
 
 comitia tributa, 190. 
 
 comparative, 139. 
 
 comperio, 103. 
 
 conficio, 144. 
 
 confieri, 182. 
 
 contio, 122. 
 
 contra, 103. 
 
 contubernalis, 167. 
 
 Corfinium, 165. 
 
 Comificius, 179. 
 
 Crassns, 108 ; and the first trium- 
 virate, no; consul, 126 ; Parthia 
 assigned to him, 128 ; defeated 
 at Charrae, 146. 
 
 Craterus, 180. 
 
 Crebrius, 135. 
 
 credo, = of course, 1 84. 
 
 creterrae, 127. 
 
 CuUeo (Q. Terentius), 119. 
 
 cum, with pf. indie. 107 ; with 
 subjunctive, 154. 
 
 Curio, 118. 
 
 Curio (tribune, 49 B. c), 149- 
 
 Curius, 158, 159, 165, 190. 
 
 Cybistra, 147. 
 
 Decemo, = vote, 122. 
 Decuriones, 175. 
 Deiotarus, 147. 
 Democritus, 177. 
 denuntio, = announce, 185. 
 desidero, 103. 
 despondeo, 185. 
 
 Dicaearchus, 165. 
 
 diminutive adjectives, 129. 
 
 Diodotus, 112. 
 
 Dionysius, 164. 
 
 diploma, 172. 
 
 discedo, 105. 
 
 discumbo, 141. 
 
 distributive numerals, 177. 
 
 divisor, 108. 
 
 Dolabella (P.), impeaches Appius 
 Claudius, 153; betrothed to 
 TuUia, 151, 153 ; takes Caesar's 
 side in the Civil War, 163, 174, 
 188 ; divorced from TuUia, 174. 
 
 Domitius (L. Ahenobarbus), 130, 
 165. 
 
 Drusus (M.), 160. 
 
 dumtaxat, 143. 
 
 dvffe^fiXrjra, 143. 
 
 duumviri, HO. 
 
 enim, 166. 
 
 eo biduo, 122. 
 
 (TTfXfiv, 155. 
 
 Epicurus, 136, 177, 178. 
 
 Epirus, 97, 117. 
 
 einaTaOfieia, I go. 
 
 Epistolary tense, 97, 113, 12 3, 
 
 130, 142, 143. 
 epithet transferred, 103. 
 Eppuleia, 172. 
 Equites, 105, 107, to8, 11 a. 
 Eratosthenes, 109. 
 Erigona, 135. 
 Eros, 186. 
 essedarius, 132. 
 ex, in composition, 168. 
 excito, = cheer, 148. 
 explico, = set in order, 138. 
 extrudo, = hurry off, 141, 
 
 Fasti, 124. 
 
 Feriae Latinae, 98. 
 
 Flaccus (M. Laenius), 113, 114. 
 
 O 2
 
 ig6 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 frater, = cousin, 97. 
 Furius, 1 1 2. 
 
 future, = imperative, 125. 
 future-perfect, 140, 189. 
 
 Gabinius (Aulus% 125, 126, 134. 
 
 Gallus (Fadius), 128, 188. 
 
 games, 126, 12S. 
 
 Gargettus, 177. 
 
 genitive (of measure), 181; (of 
 
 place), 159, 165. 
 Glabrio (M. Acilius), 191. 
 TXavK fls 'AB-qvas, 179. 
 
 Haedui, 132. 
 
 haeredem palam facere, 159. 
 haereditatem cernere, 166. 
 hebdomas, 158. 
 Heraclides Ponticus, 132. 
 Herennius, 108. 
 Hipparchus, 109. 
 Hirtius (Auius), 168, 171. 
 Hispo, V. Piso (L.). 
 Hortensius, 100, 115, 116, 154. 
 Hortensius (son of preceding), 159. 
 hospes (in provinces), 142. 
 Hydruntes, 158. 
 
 iaceo, loi. 
 
 Iconium, 146. 
 
 idem, 122, 169. 
 
 ignotus (active), 124. 
 
 ille, 156. 
 
 ille quidem, 184, 1S6. 
 
 imperfect, 189. 
 
 imperium, 138. 
 
 imperium Populi Romani, 182. 
 
 induco, = cancel, 105. 
 
 infinitive (elliptic), 155. 
 
 innocens, 137. 
 
 interdictum, 151, 177, 178. 
 
 interest, construction of, 139. 
 
 intueor, 135. 
 
 lovem lapidem jurare, 136. 
 
 iste, 104, 106, 113. ' 
 
 Indices, 100, 105, 130. 
 
 Julian Law (de provinciis), 142. 
 
 Labienus, 131, 164. 
 
 lacertae, 109. 
 
 Laconicum, 126. 
 
 Laenas, 179. 
 
 Latin (vulgar), 147, 148. 
 
 Lentulus (P. Spinther), 121. 
 
 Lepta (Quintus), 129, 175. 
 
 Letters, mode of writing, 140 ; 
 
 difficulty of sending, 97. 
 Lex curiata, 138. 
 libella, 159. 
 Ligarius (L.), 184. 
 litterae, = handwriting, 158. 
 Lucceius, 98, 99, 106, 123, 149, 
 
 183. 
 LucuUus (M.), 107. 
 lustro, = review, 1 46. 
 lustrum, 109. 
 
 Mamurra, 189. 
 mancipatio, 139. 
 mancipium, 139, 190. 
 Manilius (M.), 131, 132. 
 Marius (M.), 126. 
 Matius (C. Calvena), 1 71. 
 mature, with iiijin., 123. 
 Maximus (Quintus), 190. 
 Memmius, 107, 139, 144, 145. 
 Mescinius Rufus, 154, 158, 164. 
 Mesfala (M. Valerius), 122, 176. 
 Metellus (Q. Caecilius), 106, 108. 
 Milo, 117, 143. 
 Misenus, 126. 
 
 moderor, construction of, 149. 
 modo ut, 126, 163. 
 more Romano, 129, 136. 
 Munda (battle of), 176, 178. 
 mustaceum, 147. 
 muto, construction of, 182, 189.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 197 
 
 ne, 182. 
 
 Nicanor, 149, 155. 
 
 Nicias, 174. 
 
 nomen, 129, 140. 
 
 nomenclator, 122. 
 
 nominative, 142. 
 
 non quo, 102, 143, 180. 
 
 Occido, = fail, 116. 
 Octavius (Augustus), i^i- 
 offendo, intrants., 184. 
 officium, 103. 
 Onchesmites, 158, 
 Oppius, C, 139, 171. 
 opprimo, = take by surprise, 177. 
 Oscan Plays, 127. 
 
 Paciaecus (L. Junius), 176. 
 Paetus (L. Papirius), 167, 168. 
 Palicanus (M. Lollius), 108. 
 Pammenus, 150. 
 Pansa (Vibius), 136, 170, 172, 
 
 180. 
 vapdypafx/ia, 1 5 1. 
 Ttapd TTpoaSoKiav, 151, 
 Parilia, 126. 
 Patro, 144, 145. 
 Peducaeus, 97. 
 Pelopidae, 168, 190. 
 perhibendus, 124. 
 permutatio, 116. 
 Phaedrus, 144, 145. 
 Phemius, 149. 
 Philo, 144. 
 Philomelium, 146, 
 Philotimus, 126. 
 Philus (L. Furius), 132. 
 Pilia, 180. 
 pilus, 148. 
 Pindenissus, 146. 
 Piso (L. Caesoninus), 121, 164. 
 Piso (M. Pupius), 107. 
 Piso (the banker), 1S6. 
 Plaetorius, 149. 
 
 Plancius, 121. 
 
 Plancus (T. M. Bursa), 175. 
 
 Polybius, 123. 
 
 Ponipeius (Cnaeus), conduct to 
 Cicero, loi, 102, 117, 119, 134, 
 161 ; and the first triumvirate, 
 no, 112; consul, 126; com- 
 mand in Spain assigned to him, 
 128; sole consul, 137; and the 
 Civil War, 162 ; his vanity and 
 inactivity, 108, 
 
 Pompeius (Cn.), son of preceding, 
 176, 179. 
 
 Pomponia, 97, 104, 116, 173, 
 188. 
 
 Pomptinum, 136. 
 
 Pomptinus (C), 141. 
 
 postquam, -^W^a perfect , 146. 
 
 Postumia, 173. 
 
 Postumius, 171. 
 
 praerogativa, 152. 
 
 praevaricatio, 130. 
 
 pragmalici, 1 11. 
 
 prandium, 190. 
 
 privilegium, 119. 
 
 promulsis, 167. 
 
 Ptolemy Auletes, 125. 
 
 Publilia, 173, 180. 
 
 puer,= slave, 140. 
 
 quam diem, 180. 
 quicum, 106. 
 quis, = quidam, 98, 130. 
 quod eius, 138. 
 Quod ulinam, 113. 
 
 rationes, = plans, 100. 
 
 raudus, 159. 
 
 recipio, with dat., 179; = pledge 
 
 oneself, 172. 
 refero, 120. 
 
 reiicio,= postpone, T09. 
 repositam, 116. 
 respondeo, = correspond, 126.
 
 198 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 revello, 146. 
 Rufus, 129. 
 Ruspina, 175. 
 
 Sacramentum, 150. 
 
 Salassus (Vettius), 176. 
 
 Sallust, 99, 133. 
 
 Salvius, 174. 
 
 sane quam, 182. 
 
 satisdatio, 139. 
 
 Saturnalia, 145. 
 
 Saufeius, 99. 
 
 Scaevola (Mucins), 131. 
 
 Scaurns, 130. 
 
 Scipio Africanus, 132. 
 
 Scipio (father-in-law of Pom- 
 peius), 162. 
 
 secundum, 117. 
 
 sed etiam, 120. 
 
 Seius, 149, 173. 
 
 Seleu5us, 175. 
 
 Selius, 151. 
 
 Senate, 175. 
 
 Serapion, 109, 
 
 Sescenti, indefinite, 158. 
 
 sestertium, 148. 
 
 sestertius, 99. 
 
 Sestius, 117, 150. 
 
 si minus, 178. 
 
 Sicca, 114. 
 
 Sittius (Publ.), 137. 
 
 solet, 165. 
 
 Stabiae, 126. 
 
 Statius, 140. 
 
 statues, 99. 
 
 stomachus, 141. 
 
 subjunctive, with verbs of think- 
 ing, 99, 102 ; expressing suppo- 
 sition, 104; = optative, 115 ; in 
 questions, 115; in Oratio Obli- 
 qua, 150 ; modest assertion, 
 153; with cum, 154; causal, 
 102, 143, 157, 190; of quality, 
 183. 
 
 Sulla (Faustus), 126. 
 Sulla (Publius), 137, 175. 
 Sulmo, 165. 
 
 Sulpicius (Servius), 169. 
 supplicatio, 151. 
 suscipio, 160. 
 Synnada, 146. 
 
 Tabula Valeria, 120. 
 
 Tadius, 98. 
 
 Tarentum, 135. 
 
 Tarpa (Sp. Maecius), 127. 
 
 te (suffix), force of, 182. 
 
 Terentia, 113, 120, 121, 173. 
 
 teruncius, 148, 159. 
 
 testimonia, = copies, 156. 
 
 Themistocles, 124. 
 
 Theopompus, 110. 
 
 Thermus, 150. 
 
 Thyamis, 159. 
 
 Tiberius Nero, 153. 
 
 Tigellius, 188. 
 
 Timaeus, 123. 
 
 time, measure of, 190. 
 
 Tiro, 157. 
 
 tmesis, 143. 
 
 toga picta, 108. 
 
 toga pura, 149. 
 
 Torquatus (A. Manlius), 141, 178, 
 
 179. 
 transversum uuguem, 189. 
 Trebatius, 128, 129, 131, 135, 
 
 136. 
 tribunal, I48. 
 tribuni aerarii, 130. 
 triumvirate (first), no. 
 Tubero, 132. 
 
 TuUia, 113, 153, 166, 176, 180. 
 Tyrannio, 109. 
 
 ubi, = on which, 118. 
 Ulubrae, 136. 
 
 unus, with superl., 178 ; Kn plural, 
 98.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 199 
 
 nsucapio, 98. 
 usura, 170. 
 
 ut, = since, with indie, 150; = al- 
 though, I So. 
 
 Varro (M. T.), m, 185, 187. 
 
 Vatinius, no, 130, 
 
 veles scurra, 167. 
 
 vendo, = recommend, 184. 
 
 vereor, construction of, 163, 164. 
 
 Verrius, 168, 
 Versura, 140. 
 Vestorius, 186. 
 vicem, 182. 
 vicus, = street, 121. 
 Vidius, 174. 
 Vigintiviri, no. 
 Volumnius (P.), 150. 
 
 Xeno, 143. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 oxford: HORACE HART, PRINTI.R TO THE UNIVERSITY
 
 7/5/97 
 
 Cfarenbon ^xtBB ^txitB. 
 
 Latin Educational Works. 
 
 GRAMMARS, LEXICONS, &-c. 
 Allen. Rudimenta Latina. Comprising Accidence, and Exercises of 
 a very Elementary Character, for the use of Beginners. By J. Barrow Allen, 
 M.A [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2f. 
 
 An Elementary Latin Grammar. By the same Author. One 
 
 hundred a?id thirty-seventh Thousand. . . . [Extra (cap- Svo, 2S. 6d. 
 
 A First Latin Exercise Book. By the same Author. Eighth 
 
 Edition [Extra fcap. 8vo, 7.S. dd. 
 
 A Second Latin Exercise Book. By the same Author. Second 
 
 Edition [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3s. 6rf. 
 
 [A Key to First and Second Latin Exercise Books :for Teachers only, price s^.] 
 
 Pox and Bromley. Models and Exercises in Unseen Translation. 
 
 By H. F. Fox, M,A., and T. M. Bromley, M.A. [Extra fcap. Bvo, si. td, 
 
 [A Key to Passages quoted in the above : for Teachers only, price 6d.] 
 
 aibson. An Introduction to Latin Syntax. By W. S. Gibson, M.A. 
 
 [Extra fcap. Bvo, is. 
 Jerram. Reddenda Minora. By C. S. Jerram, M.A. 
 
 [Extra fcap. 8vo, if. dd. 
 
 Anglice Reddenda. First Series. [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Anglice Reddenda. Second Series. [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3*. 
 
 Anglice Reddenda. Third Series. [Extra fcap. Bvo, 3*. 
 
 Lee-Warner. Hints and Helps for Latin Elegiacs. By H. Lee- 
 Warner, M.A [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3^. 6rf. 
 
 [A Key is provided : for Teachers only, price ^s. 6d.'[ 
 Lewis. An Elementary Latin Dictionary. By Charlton T. Lewis, 
 Ph.D [Square Bvo, 7^. dd. 
 
 A Latin Dictionary for Schools. By the same Author. 
 
 [Small 4to, i8j. 
 Lindsay. A Short Historical Latin Grammar. ByW. M. Lindsay, 
 
 M.A [Crown 8vo, 5^. 6d. 
 
 JiTunns. First Latin Reader. ByT. J. NUNNS,M.A. Third Edition. 
 
 [Extra fcap. Bvo, is. 
 Bamsay. Latin Prose Composition. By G. G. Ramsay, M.A., LL.D. 
 
 Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 
 
 Vol. I. Syntax, Exercises with Notes, S^c, 4s. (>d. 
 Or in two Parts, 2j. 6d. each, viz. 
 Part I. The Simple Sentence. Part II. The Compound Sentence. 
 
 ,*, A Key to the above, price 55. net. Supplied to Teachers only, on application 
 to the Secretary, Clarendon Press. 
 Vol. II. Passages 0/ Graduated Difficulty for Translation into Latin, 
 together with an Introduction on Continuous Prose, ^s. 6d. 
 Bamsay. Latin Prose Versions. Contributed by various Scholars. 
 Edited by G. G. Ramsay, M.A., LL.D. . . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, Si.
 
 CLARENDON PRESS SERIES. 
 
 Sarg'ent. Easy Passages for Translation into Latin. By J. Y. Sa rgent, 
 
 M.A. Seventh Edition [Extra fcap. 8vo, ■zs. 6d. 
 
 [A Key to this Edition is provided : for Teachers only, price sj., net.\ 
 
 A Latin Prose Pritner. By the same Author. 
 
 [Extra fcap. 8vo, is. (>d. 
 
 Xing' and Cooksou. The Principles of Sound and Inflexion, as 
 illustrated in the Greek and Latin Languages. By J. E. King, M.A., and 
 Christopher Cookson, M.A [8vo, i8j. 
 
 An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of Greek and 
 
 Latin. By the same Authors [Crown 8vo, ^s. td. 
 
 Papillon. A Manual of Cotnparative Philology. By T. L. Papillon, 
 M.A. Third Edition [Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Caesar. The Commentaries (for Schools). With Notes and Maps. 
 By Charles E. Moberlv, M.A. 
 
 The Gallic War. Ne^v Edition. Extra fcap. Svo — 
 
 Books I and II, is. ; III-V, 2^. td. ; VI-VIII, is. td. 
 Books I-III, stiff covers, 2^. 
 The Civil War. Second Edition. . . . [Extra fcap. Svo, 3s. 6d, 
 
 Catnlli Verouensis Carmina Selecta, secundnm recognitionem 
 Robinson Ellis, A.M [Extra fcap. Svo, 3J. 6«/. 
 
 Cicero. Selection of Interesting and Descriptive Passages. With Notes. 
 By Henry Walford, M.A. In three Parts. Third Edition. 
 
 [Extra fcap. Svo, ^s. td. 
 Parti. Anecdotes frotn Grecian and Rotitan History. . [limp, is. td. 
 Part II. Omens and Dreains ; Beauties of Nature. . . [ ,, \s. td. 
 Part III. Rome's Rule of her Provinces [ ,, is. td. 
 
 De Amicitia. With Introduction and Notes. By St. George 
 
 Stock, M.A [Extra fcap. Svo, 3^. 
 
 De Senectute. With Introduction and Notes. By Leonard 
 
 Huxley, B. A. In one or two Parts [Extra fcap. Svo, is. 
 
 Pro Cluefitio. With Introduction and Notes. By W. Ramsay, 
 
 M.A. Edited by G. G.Ramsay, M.A. Second Edition. [Extrafcap. Svo, 3^. 6<;. 
 
 Pro Marcello, pro Ligario,pro Rege Deiotaro. With Introduction 
 
 and Notes. By W. Y. Fausset, M.A. . . . [Extra fcap. Svo, is. td. 
 
 Pro Milone. With Notes, &c. By A. B. Poynton, M.A. 
 
 [Extra fcap. Svo, is. td. 
 
 Pro Roscio. With Introduction and Notes. By St. George 
 
 Stock, M.A [Extra fcap. Svo, 35. td. 
 
 Select Orations (for Schools). In Verrem Actio Prima. De 
 
 Itnperio Gn. Pompeii. Pro Archia. Philippica IX. With Introduction and 
 Notes. By J. R. King, M.A. Second Edition. . [Extra fcap. Svo, 2j. 6rf. 
 
 In Q. Caecilitim Divinatio and In C. Verrem Actio Prima. 
 
 With Introduction and Notes. By J. R. King, M.A. [Extra fcap. Svo, \s. td.
 
 LA TIN ED UCA TIONAL WORKS. 
 
 Cicero. Speeches against Catilina. With Introdnction and Notes. By 
 
 E. A. Upcott, M.A. Second Edition. . . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2f. 6rf. 
 
 Philippic Orations. With Notes, &c., by J. R. King, M.A. 
 
 Second Edition [8vo, lof. td. 
 
 Selected Letters (for Schools). With Notes. By C. E. 
 
 Prichard, M.A., and E. R. Bernard, M.A. Second Edition. 
 
 [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3^ . 
 
 Select Letters. With English Introductions, Notes, and Ap- 
 pendices. By Albert Watson, M.A. Fourth Edition. . . [8vo, i8i. 
 
 Select Letters. Text. By the same Editor. Second Edition. 
 
 [Extra fcap. 8vo, ^s. 
 
 Cornelius Nepos. With Notes. By Oscar Browning, M.A. 
 
 Third Edition. Revised bj' W. R. Inge, M.A. . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3J. 
 
 Early Roman Poetry. Selected Fragments. With Introduction and 
 Notes. By \V. W. Merry, D.D [Crown 8vo, bs. 6d. 
 
 Horace. With a Commentary. Volume I. The Odes, Carmen 
 Seculare, and Erodes. By Edward C. Wickham, D.D. New Edition. 
 
 [Extra fcap. 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Odes, Book I. By the same Editor. . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2s, 
 
 Selected Odes. With Notes for the use of a Fifth Form. By 
 
 the same Editor [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2f. 
 
 Jnvenal. XIII Satires. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, &c., by 
 C. H. Pearson, M.A., and H. A. Strong, M.A. Second Edition. [Crown 8vo, gi. 
 
 Iiivy. .y^/i^r/iowj (for Schools). With Notes and Maps. By H. Lee- 
 Warner, M.A [Extra fcap. 8vo. 
 
 Part I. The Candine Disaster \.lit>tp, is. 6d. 
 
 Part II. HannibaFs Campaign in Italy [ ,, is. 6d. 
 
 Part III. The Macedonian IVar [ ,, is. 6d. 
 
 Book I. With Introduction, Historical Examination, and Notes. 
 
 By J. R. Seeley, M.A. Third Edition [8vo, 6i. 
 
 Books V^ VII. With Introduction and Notes. By A. R. Cluer, 
 
 B. A. Second Edition. Revised by P. E. Mathkson, M.A. [Extra fcap. 8vo, sf. 
 Book V, 2s. 6d. ; Book VII, 2s. By the same Editors. 
 
 Books XXI— XXIII. With Introdnction, Notes, and Maps. 
 
 By M. T. Tatham, M.A. Second Edition . . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 5*. 
 
 Book XXI. By the same Editor. . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Book XXII. By the same Editor. . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2S. dd. 
 
 Ovid. Selections (for the use of Schools). With Introductions and 
 Notes, and an Appendix on the Roman Calendar. By W. Ramsay, M.A. 
 Edited by G. G. Ramsay, M.A. Third Edition. . [Extra fcap. 8vo, ss. 6d. 
 
 Tristia, Book I. The Text revised, with an Introduction and 
 
 Notes. By S. G. Owen, B.A. Second Edition. . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3^. 6<^. 
 
 TViJ/zfl, Book III. With Introduction and Notes. By the same 
 
 Editor [Extra fcap. 8vo, is.
 
 CLARENDON PRESS SERIES. 
 
 Perslns. The Satires. With Translation and Commentary by 
 J. CoNlNGTON, M.A., edited by H. Nettleship, M.A. . , [Zvo,Zs.6d, 
 
 Flantns. Captivi. With Introduction and Notes. By W.M.Lindsay, 
 M.A [Extra fcap. 8vo, is. 6d. 
 
 Trinummus. With Notes and Introductions. By C. E. Freeman, 
 
 M.A., and A. Sloman, M.A. [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3*. 
 
 Pliny. Selected Letters (for Schools). By C. E. Prichard, M.A., and 
 E. R. Bernard, M.A. Third Edition. . . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3J. 
 
 Qnintillan. Institutionis Oratoriae Liber X. Edited by W. Peter- 
 son, M.A. [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3^. td. 
 
 Sallnst. Bellum Catilinarium and Jugurthinum. With Introduc- 
 tion and Notes, by W. W. Capes, M.A. . . , [Extra fcap. 8vo, 45. 6rf. 
 
 Tacitns. The Annals. Books I — IV. Edited, with Introduction and 
 Notes for the useof Schpols and Junior Students, by H. Furneaux, M.A. 
 
 [Extra fcap. 8vo, 5*. 
 
 The Annals. Book I. By the same Editor. . . [limp, 2s. 
 
 The Annals. (Text only) [Crown 8vo, 6.f. 
 
 Terence. Adelphi. With Notes and Introductions. By A. Sloman, 
 M.A [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3^. 
 
 Andria. With Notes and Introductions. By C. E. Freeman, 
 
 M. A., and A. Sloman, M.A. Second Edition . . [Extra fcap. Svo, 35. 
 
 Phormio. With Notes and Introductions. By A. Sloman, 
 
 M.A [Extra fcap. 8vo, 3J. 
 
 Tibullus and Fropertius. Selections. Edited, with Introduction and 
 Notes, by G. G. Ramsay, M.A. Second Edition. . [Extra fcap. 8vo, 6f . 
 
 Virgil. With an Introduction and Notes. By T. L. Papillon, M.A., 
 and A. E. Haigh, M.A. 
 
 [Crown 8vo, 2 vols., cloth^ price ds. each, or in stiff covers, 3.S. (sd. each. 
 
 The Text, including the Minor Works. 
 
 [On writing-paper, 32mo, 5^. ; on India paper, ds. 
 
 Aeneid. With Introduction and Notes, by the same Editors. 
 
 In Four Parts [Crown 8vo, 2s. each. 
 
 Aeneid I. With Introduction and Notes, by C. S. Jerram, M.A. 
 
 [Extra fcap. 8vo, lim/>, is. 6d, 
 
 Aeneid IX, Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by A. E. 
 
 Haigh, M.A. . . . [Extra fcap. 8vo, limp, \s, bd. In two Parts, 2s. 
 
 Bucolics. WithIntroductionandNotes,byC.S. Jerram, M.A. 
 
 [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2S. 6d. 
 
 Bucolics and Georgics. By T. L. Papillon, M.A., and A. E. 
 
 Haigh, M.A [Crown Svo, 2s. td. 
 
 Georgics. Books I, II. By C.S. Jerram, M.A. [Extra fcap. 8vo, 2^. 6rf. 
 
 ' Georgics. Books III, IV. By the same Editor. [Extrafcap. 8vo, 2i.6rf. 
 
 Eonion: HENRY FROWDE, 
 
 Oxford University Press Warehouse, Amen Corner. 
 
 fiEliinijurgf): 12 Frederick Street.
 
 6611
 
 CENTRAL UNIVERS 
 University of Califoi '"''n 
 
 DATE DUE 
 
 liI;,n!n.',!tl!,li^„!ll'.'."J.f!'AL LIBRARY (ACILIiy 
 
 000 907 803 1 
 
 
 
 jiuiia 9^(L 
 
 ' 
 
 ^rorr ^ -j ^^ 
 
 
 DcJ 1 ^ 1Q7Q 
 
 
 NOV?.? 1979 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CI 39 
 
 i 
 
 (/CSD Libr.
 
 I