I THAI SURGia E liiiili ARTI UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA *,., Sydney. CD o K CO w w & Q >* CO PC <^ w ^ v w w h Australasian Uledical Gazette (The accredited organ of all the principal Medical Societies in Australia and New Zealand), is the recognised leading Medical Journal in the Southern Hemisphere. Chief Editor The Hon. JOHN M. CREED, M.L.C., L.R.C.P., M.R.G.S. Lond., &c., &c. Local Editors in all the Colonies. THR AustraUuian Medical Gazette is published Monthly, number contains fifty-six columns of highly-interesting and i ,iu original reading matter, contributed by the elite of the profession in Australia and New Zealand. T:E:R:M:S Twelve Months' Subscription, 1, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. Contributions to its columns received from all legally qualified practitioners. New Subscribers may commence at any time. "WIIiI, BE Specimen Copies forwarded, on application to Mr. L BRUCK, Medical Publisher, 35 Castlereagli Street, Sydney (Australia), LONDON: Messrs. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, 40 King William Street, Strand, W.C. PARIS: Mons. Marcel Renouard d'Adrien, 17 Rue de I'Echiquier. NEW YORK: Mr. W. P. Cleary, P.O. Box 1790. Q-TTIIDIE HEALTH RESORTS IX ATISTKALl A, ;TASM AN I A ? ,. ,, A.ND ..,_,. - >. EDITED AND COMPILED BY L U D W I G BRUCK, Author of " The Australasian Medical Directory and Hand- Book :' CENTENNIAL EDITION. Pi'BLisHBU AT THE "AUSTRALASIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE" OFFICE, 35 CASTLEREAGH STREET, SYDNEY. LONDON : BAII.LIERB, TINDALL & Cox, 20 KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND. 1888. .VI..;. \ NQTiF'LCAliQN Of any omissions or errors for c-orrection 'in future issues of this Guide, will be gratefully received by L. BRUCK, Medical Publisher, 35 Castlereagh Street, Sydney. *t ( INTRODUCTION. "TTTHILST Europe may boast of a number of works on climatology and balneology, these branches of study, though of great importance, are as yet, in these colonies, still in their embryonic state. Little is known of the Health Resorts in Australasia, even by those residing on the spot, and, excepting the New Zealand thermal springs, hardly any- thing has been written on the subject. Considering the great variety in temperature, owing to the wide range of lati- tude under which these colonies lie, the numerous mineral and thermal springs, and sea-bathing places to be found in all parts of Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, the author may be permitted to hope that this guide will prove of some value to invalids, as well as to members of the medical pro- fession when called upon to select a suitable climate or mineral spring for their patients. In it will be found a concise, but complete and accurate description of upwards of 200 Health Resorts, with the analyses, temperature, and special indications of nearly 100 mineral waters throughout Australasia. In the fourth division, which may be termed the key to this guide, all the Health Resorts named have been arranged in twenty-eight different classes and sub-classes, each class being accompanied with prefatory remarks as to its characteristic nature ; at the same time the diseases are named which are beneh'tted by it, the whole forming an excellent means for ready reference. The climatology has been compiled from official documents, and contains a complete outline of the climates of Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. 46914*5 IV. INTRODUCTION. The description of the New Zealand thermal springs dis- tricts, written by the Hon. Sir W. Fox, K.C.M.G.,has been re-printed, by kind permission of the Honorable the Colonial Secretary of New Zealand, from a pamphlet published by the New Zealand Government a few years ago. For the convenience of non-professional readers a division has been added, giving a definition of all the technical terms, medical and chemical, which occur in the book. The editor trusts that any errors and short-comings, which no doubt will be observed, and which unavoidably occur in a book of this description, especially when it is the first edition as in this case, will be pardoned, the more readily when it is borne in mind that the information contained in it relates to an expanse of territory nearly as large as the whole of Europe. In conclusion he begs to tender his most cordial thanks to those gentlemen who have afforded him information and assistance. Amongst them he may mention the Hon. J. M. Creed, M.L.C., Sydney ; Dr. J. T. Chapman, Drysdale ; R. L. J. Ellery Esq., F.R.S., Government Astronomer, Mel- bourne ; Dr. A. Ginders, Medical Superintendent, Sanatorium Rotorua ; R. B. Gore Esq., Meteorological Observer, Wel- lington, N.Z. ; Chr. Gunsser Esq., of the Ballan Mineral Springs ; Sir James Hector, K.C.M.G., F.R.S,, M.D., Director of the Colonial Museum, Wellington, N.Z. ; Dr. T. Hope Lewis, Auckland, formerly Medical Superintendent at Rotorua Sanatorium ; J. K. McDonald Esq., Chairman of the Whaingaroa Hot Springs Domain Board ; Dr. J. A. Reid, Sale ; J. Shortt Esq., Meteorological Observer in Hobart ; Dr. W. I. Spencer, Napier ; Karl Theodor Staiger ESQ., F.C.S., Brisbane ; J. Stewart Esq., Superintendent of INTRODUCTION. V. the Hanmer Springs ; Dr. Gnido Thon, Rockhampton ; Dr. W. H. Tibbits, Manly ; C. Todd Esq., C.M.G., F.R.A.S., Meteorological Observer, P.M.G. & S.T., in Adelaide ; Dr. F. W. Towle, Drysdale ; Dr. J. H. Townsend, Christchurch; Dr. D. Turner, Melbourne ; Dr. Alfred Wright, Te Aroha ; also to a large number of medical practitioners, proprietors of hotels and boarding-houses, various postmasters, and other gentlemen in all the colonies. LUDWIG BRUCK. 35 Castlereagh-street, Sydney, January 26, 1888. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Antiseptic Dressings Arnold &; Co. x. French Wines, Groceries, Preserves, &c. E. Doublet - - ii. Liebe's Extract of Malt Arnold Sc Co. ix. Licbe's Soluble Food for Infants Arnold & Co. ... viii. Medicine Chests Burroughs & Wellcome .... x ii. Norddeutscher Lloyd : Imperial German Mail Steamers - - vii. Pasta Mack Joseph &; Co. ------- iv. Perfumery Joseph & Co. iv. Pharmaceutical Preparations Burroughs it Wellcome - - xi. Private Asylum, "Bay View House," Tempe - - front cover Quina Laroche E. Doublet iii. Sewing Machines Silberberg & Co. ----- j. Unique Health Resort Ching & Co. v. Medical Books Surgical Instruments and Appliances Microscopes and Microscopic Apparatus VL. Bruck - Batteries, Magnetic Machines Human Skeletons and Bones front cover. COISTTEOSTTS. I. Climatology of the various Australasian Colonies - - 1 II. Alphabetical List of all known Health Resorts in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, giving a general description of the Climatic Health Resorts, Spas and Watering-places, with their environs, analyses, special indications, the names of resident medical men, the addresses of the principal hotels and boarding-houses, the quickest and cheapest routes, and other useful information - - - 1"> III. Classification of Health Resorts named, according to their respective Colonies, with remarks on the physical aspects of the various Colonies 126 IV. Classified List of Health Resorts named, according to their therapeutic indications 137 V. The New Zealand Thermal Springs districts ... 150 VI. Definition of Technical Terms - ... 173 APPENDIX : (//) Thermometric Scales 180 (ft), Temperature of Baths 181 (<) Weights and Measures -181 Advertisements. ggfNo New Edition will be issued for some years to come, A HANDSOME VOLUME IN RED CLOTH, Price 10s., Postage paid to all' parts. SECOND EDITION (1886) OP THE AUSTRALASIAN INCLUDING A General Gazetteer and Local Medical Direc- tory of the Australasian Colonies. WITH AN APPENDIX, Com prising the names of all known unregistered Medical Practitioners throughout the Colonies ; AND ALSO A complete list of American Medical Colleges, extinct and existing, not recognised. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. It fully maintains the high character which pertained to the first issue of the work. London Lancet. The Australasian Medical Directory and Handbook, compiled by Ludwig Bruck, is a monument of industry, and abounds in useful, and, in some instances, curious information ...... The book should be of great service to the medical fraternity. Sydney Morniny Herald. This is a work displaying immense industry and research, and it contains a mass of miscellaneous intelligence on professional topics which will render it interesting and useful to the medical profession throughout Australasia. Town and Country Journal. It contains a vast amount of information useful to the medical profession. Sydney Daily Telegraph. It is undoubtedly a most useful publication to those whose duties require such a guide. Sydney Echo. CLIMATOLOGY OP THE AUSTRALASIAN COLONIES. THE CLIMATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES. JT[HE climate of New South Wales is very similar to that of Southern Europe, but, as the colony extends from latitude south, 28 to 37, much variation is experienced, from the cold at Kiandra, where the mean minimum temperature is 21 F., to the heat in the inland plains, where the thermometer sometimes reaches 140 F. in the shade, and is generally from 100 to 116 F. for the greater part of the summer. The summer temperature of the coast regions of New South Wales is much the same as that of Lisbon and of the Mediterranean coast, i.e., like Naples, Algiers, and Gibraltar, whilst the winter temperature is like that of Sicily or the south of Africa. The summer heat on the coast is less than in the interior, but to many persons it is more trying, because it is a moist, tropical heat, whereas in the interior, to the west of the Great Dividing Range, it is extremely dry, and though hot, it is not enervating ; on the contrary, it produces great elasticity of frame, and an increased power of endurance. This region, and especially the Riverina district, consisting of vast inland plains, bounded on the south by the River Murray, and lying between its chief affluents, the Darling, Lachlan, and Murrumbidgee Rivers, can, in dry seasons, be strongly 2 THE CLIMATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES. recommended to the consumptive, as possessing one of the most suitable climates in the world for the effectual climatic treatment of phthisis, even if attended with haemoptysis, provided out-door occupation, especially station life, is resorted to. In most parts of the colony the winter mornings and evenings are very cool, and a fire is found agreeable. The temperature of the coast districts is beneficially affected by a warm equatorial current setting south along the coast, furnishing moisture in summer and mitigating the cold of winter. Snow lies for months on the mountains, i.e., at Kiandra (4,600 feet above sea levelj, where eight feet of snow have fallen in a single month, whilst it is almost unknown in the coast districts. The average annual rainfall to the east of the Dividing Range is over 40 inches, and the number of rainy days 102 ; but in the interior, on the western side of the mountains, it is only about 14 inches, with 70 rainy days, and sometimes two or three years have passed by without rain in some parts, or at least not sufficient to wet the ground. Moreover, the evaporation is enormous, sometimes reaching 12 inches a month for several consecutive months ; at these times the rivers cease running and the whole country gets burnt up with the heat. .Such seasons of drought occur at regular intervals, and, of course, produce the greatest distress. The heavy rains come with winds from eastward and are often intercepted by the mountains, therefore it sometimes happens that floods on the coast districts are simultaneous with droughts inland. Southerly " bursters " frequently set in be- tween the months of November and February, and are always attended with clouds of dust, penetrating everywhere. Jane, July, and August are the coldest months, December, January, February, and March are the hottest, and with the exception of these last four months the climate is delightful and highly salubrious. THE CLIMATE OF NRW SOUTH WALES. 3 The diseases most prevalent in Sydney and suburbs during the summer months are dysentery, diarrhoea, and enteric fever, and in winter the greatest number of deaths are due to phthisis. The mean annual temperature in the shade at Sydney (lat. 33 52') is 62-4 F. ; at Casino (lat. 28 50'; height, 139 feet ; distance from the coast, 30 miles), 67-1 F. ; at Grafton (lat. 29 40' ; height, 40 feet ; distance from the coast, 22 miles), 70-6 F. ; at Armidale (lat. 30 34' ; height, 3,278 feet ; distance from the coast, 80 miles), 56-2 F. ; at Newcastle (lat. 32 55'), 64 F. ; at Bathurst (lat. 33 24'; height, 2,333 feet ; distance from the coast, 98 miles), 56-8F. ; at Goulburn (lat. 34 45' ; height, 2,129 feet ; distance from the coast, 58 miles), 55 F. ; at Kiandra (lat. 35 52' ; height, 4,640 feet ; distance from the coast, 90 miles), 45-3 F. ; at Cooma (lat. 36 13' ; height, 2,637 feet ; distance from the coast, 53 miles), 51-8 F. ; and at Deniliquin (lat. 35" 32' ; height, 410 feet ; distance from the coast, 280 miles), 58* F. The hottest month, generally, is January, and June is the coldest month. The mean daily range of temperature in the shade at Sydney, is 14-7 F. ; at Casino 28-6 F. ; at Grafton 21-1 F. ; at Armidale 30-8 F, ; at Newcastle .17-9 F. ; at Bathurst 29-9 F. ; at Goulburn 25-4 F. ; at Kiandra 24-7 F. ; at Cooma 25-6, and at Deniliquin 31 '8 F. ' As regards the average annual amount of rain and the average number of rainy days in the year, Sydney shows 141 rainy days, with 48-697 inches of rain; Casino 111 days, with 42-996 inches ; Graffcon 123 days, with 44-990 inches ; Armidale 102 days, with 39-560 inches ; Newcastle 102 days, with 44-662 inches ; Bathurst 74 days, with 23'222 inches ; Goulburn 96 days, with 24-188 inches ; Kiandra 105 days, with 60-590 inches ; Cooma 112 days, with 19-165 inches, and Deniliquin 62 rainy days in the year, with an average annual rainfall of 13*285 inches. 4 THE CLIMATE OF NEW ZEALAND. THE CLIMATE OF NEW ZEALAND. NEW ZEALAND, extending as it does from latitude south 34* to 47, has of course a very varied climate ; it is not unlike that of Great Britain, but it is more equable, the extremes of daily temperature only varying throughout the year by an average of 20 F., whilst London is 7 F. colder than the North, and 4 F. colder than the South Island of New Zealand. The mean annual temperature of the North Island is 57 F., and of the South Island 52 F., whilst that of London is 51 F. The mean annual temperature of the different seasons for the whole colony is in spring 55 F., in summer 63 F., in autumn 57 F., and in winter 48 F. The climate on the west coast of both islands is more equable and agreeable than on the east, the difference between the average summer and winter temperature being nearly 4 F. greater on the south- east portion of the North Island, and 7 F. on that of the South Island than on the north-west. Especially the climate of Canterbury, on the east side of the South Island, is extremely variable ; it has been said to be a mixture of the climates of the south of France and the Shetland Islands, the winter being most severe, and for two or three months the Canterbury Plains are covered with snow, whilst the summer is very hot ; moreover the annual fluctuation of temperature at Christchurch (Canterbury), on the east coast, is greater by fully 18 F. than at Hokitika, on the opposite west coast of the South Island, which has a mild winter and cool summer ; whilst Invercargill, 11 further south than Auckland, has hotter days in summer than Auck- land. In the North Island the probability of rainfall in winter is twice as large as in summer. In the South Island, however, the rainfall, though irregular, is distributed more equally over the year, with the difference that on the west coast spring rains prevail and summer rains on THE CLIMATE OF NEW ZEALAND. the east coast. The contrast between the rainfalls on the east and west coasts is most striking ; thus, in the North Island, Napier on the east has only half the amount of rain that falls in Taranaki on the west ; and in the South Island, at Christchurch, on the east coast, the average annual rainfall is 26 inches, and at Hokitika, on the west, 112 inches. The winter snow line on the Southern Alps is 3,000 feet on the east side, and 3,700 feet on the west side. The south-western coasts of New Zealand and the straits between the islands are exposed to stormy weather ; thus at Wellington on Cook Straits, and at Invercargill on Foveaux Straits, the winds are generally very boisterous throughout the year, but no part of the islands suffers from hot winds. On the whole, the climate, being free from extremes of heat or cold, is mild and bracing, and in almost all parts highly salubrious, the death-rate being lower than in the healthiest rural districts of England. The diseases most prevalent during the summer months are diarrhoea and dysentery, and throughout the year a number of deaths occur from phthisis. The mean annual temperature in the shade at Auckland (8. lat. 36 50') is 59-54 F. ; at Napier (lat. 39 29') 57-56 F. ; at Wanganui (lat. 39 56') 55'90 F. ; at Wel- lington (lat. 41 16') 55-58 F. ; at Nelson (lat. 41 16') 54-86 F. ; at Hokitika (lat. 42 42') 52-34 F. ; at Christ- church (lat. 42 38') 52-88 F.; at Dunedin (45 52') 50-72 F., and at Invercargill (lat. 46 17') 50-36 F. The mean daily range of temperature at Auckland is 17-82 F. ; at Napier 17-46 F. ; at Wellington 12-06 F.; at Nelson 20-16 F. ; at Hokitika 13-14 F. ; at Christchurch 17-10 F. ; at Dunedin 13 68 F., and at Invercargill 20-16 F. The mean annual rainfall at Auckland is 47*008 inches ; at Napier 36-004 inches ; at Wellington 51-542 inches ; at Nelson 61-599 inches ; at Hokitika 111-653 inches ; at Christchurch 25-536 inches ; at Dunedin 31-682 inches, and at Invercargill 49'732 inches. 6 THE CLIMATE OF QUEENSLAND. THE CLIMATE OF QUEENSLAND. IN a country like Queensland, containing 669,520 square miles within 17 or 18 degrees of latitude, a variety of climate must be experienced and no accurate conception of its wide diversities can be given in any general account. In the interior, to the west, comprising the districts of Maranoa, Warrego, Mitchell, North and South Gregory, the atmosphere is pure, extremely dry and hot, yet exhilarating, and it has one of the most suitable climates in the world for phthisical patients. The summer heat in the daytime is very great, but by no means oppressive, for a fresh and singularly invigorating breeze plays incessantly over the downs and plains. When the sun sets the temperature falls rapidly, and there is hardly any dew at night. In winter the cold is quite severe, and 4 or 5 of frost during the night or early morning are not uncommon. The rainfall is scanty and irregular, and varies from 20 to 10 inches, and even less, according to the distance from the coast ; the greater the distance the less is the rainfall, and becomes altogether uncertain, whilst the evaporation increases. Another portion of the interior, the Darling Downs, the so-called " Garden of Queensland," on the western slopes of the Main Dividing Range, comprising the important towns of Toowoomba, Warwick, and Dalby, enjoys many of the advantages of the coast districts. The climate is temperate and bracing, the atmosphere is fairly charged with moisture and the rainfall more regular. Following the coast districts from south to north, the first division at the southern extremity of the colony is that of East and West Moreton, lying between the Main Dividing Range and the sea, the principal towns of which are Brisbane, the capital, and Ipswich, twenty-three miles to the south-west of it. Tbe mean temperature at Brisbane is 70 F., or about THE CLIMATE OF QUEENSLAND. 7 the same as at Funchal, on the Island of Madeira, and the changes of the thermometer are far less extreme than at Sydney or Melbourne, while cool southerly breezes prevail throughout the year, so that the heat which is, of course, greater than in the more southern colonies, is rarely felt to be oppressive ; besides, the nights are loiiger and cooler, producing a revival after the heat of the day, and moreover, the hot winds from which the other colonies suffer are here not experienced. The winter season, say from May to November, throughout Southern Queensland is most de- lightful ; the mornings and evenings are cool, the days bright and warm, the sky cloudless, the atmosphere dry and ex- hilarating ; frosts are experienced but they are not severe. The rainfall is more evenly distributed throughout the year, though the largest amount generally falls between December and April. The air is fairly charged with moisture and a nightly fall of dew is the rule not the exception. The mean annual rainfall at Brisbane is 50 inches, with 128 rainy days. The next districts are those of Wide Bay and Burnett, in- cluding the towns of Gympie, Maryborough, and Bundaberg. The climate here is very similar to that of the Moreton district, though perhaps a little warmer but even frosts are not unknown here. At Gympie, thirty miles from the coast, the annual amount of rainfall is 44 inches. Farther north are the districts of Port Curtis and Leichhardt, with the important seaport of Rockhampton, just within the tropic of Capricorn. In climate these districts occupy an inter- mediate position between the temperate and tropical portions of the coast country, and the temperature is decidedly high. The rainfall is unevenly distributed throughout the year, but the total amount is satisfactory, about 50 inches during the twelve months. The next districts going northward are those of North and South Kennedy, with the towns of Mackay, Bowen, Townsville, and Cardwell on the coast, and 8 THE CLIMATE OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. the mining centres of Charters Towers and Ravenswood in the interior. The climate in these districts is distinctly tropical and free from frost ; the summer though hot is not unhealthy, and there is a pleasant exhilarating cool season the climate in the neighbourhood of Bowen especially, is noted for being so temperate and equable, that the place is used as a sanitarium by the residents of the far north, and even at Townsville the temperature is as a rule most enjoyable during the winter months. The summer months, from December to March, are of course very hot, and as a marvellous amount of rain falls at this time, tropical heat and moisture are combined. All along the coast the rainfall is great, being about 90 inches at Cardwell. In the interior of these districts the air is pure and dry, and the climate generally is not unhealthy for Europeans. The temperature, as a matter of course, is more prostrating in the northern- most districts of Cook and Burke, and the heat of the tropical sun, with moisture combined, is too fierce to be endured with comfort by Europeans. The north-west coasts are visited with periodical rains of great regularity, and are quite free from the seasons of drought that occur in the more southern parts. Queensland is almost entirely free from endemic diseases ; epidemics are rare, and the climate throughout the colony is on the whole very favourable to the European constitution. THE CLIMATE OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. THE climate of South Australia is very hot and dry, but owing to its dryness, the heat, except on hot wind days, is seldom oppressive. The hottest months are December, January, and February, when the temperature on the plains frequently exceeds 100 F. in the shade, but then the wet THE CLIMATE OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 9 bulb thermometer will show only about 65 F., and it is this extreme dryness of the air which enables the residents to bear the heat of the summer without much inconvenience, as per- spiration generally affords instantaneous relief. November and March are also hot, but the heat is seldom of long duration, and moreover the nights are much cooler, producing a revival after the heat of the day. The mean temperature in October is 62 F., in November 66 F., in December 71 F., in January and February 73 F., and in March 70 F. in the shade. After March the temperature falls rapidly, very rarely reaching 90 F. in the shade in April, the mean temperature for that month being 64 F., whilst for May it is only 58 F. The coldest months are June, July, and August, the mean temperature of which are 54 F , 51 F., and 53 F. respectively. The weather from April to October is delightful and most enjoyable ; the heat is less excessive, the atmosphere wonderfully transparent, and the rains which generally fall during the winter months produce a delightful freshness in the air. The mean quantity of rain registered in these seven months is 16'721 inches, whilst for the whole year it is 21-091 inches, with 114 wet days. The average number of wet days in May is 13 days, in June 14 days, in July 16 days, and 16 days in August ; the average rainfall being respectively 2-814. 2-915, 2-801, and 2'621 inches for May, June, July, and August. These quantities refer to the plains only, as on the hills and in the south-eastern portion of the colony the rainfall is much heavier, and the temperature of course is also much lower than on the plains above referred to. Occasionally during the summer the colony suffers from the hot winds which blow from the interior of the continent and generally last for three days ; the temperature of the air is raised to 100 F. and 120 F. in the shade, and the heat of the wind can only be compared to the blast from a furnace. 10 THE CLIMATE OF TASMANIA. Clouds of fine dust are a most painful concomitant, in short these hot winds are very much like the sirocco of North Africa. Infants and old persons severely feel these hot winds, in delicate persons they produce determination of blood to the head, inflammation of the throat and eyes, &c., yet they are not unhealthy, as they purify the atmosphere, drying up and rendering innocuous all decomposing animal and vegetable matter and, moreover, as settlement proceeds, the hot winds become less frequent and less severe. On the whole the climate of South Australia is highly salubrious, although a large number of deaths are recorded every year as due to diarrhoeal diseases, phthisis, pneumonia, bronchitis, whooping cough, and enteric fever, principally due, as in all the other colonies, to the toleration of nuisances and bad drainage in townships, bad water, unsuit- able dwelling?, and a general disregard of many other indispensable observances conducive to health. THE CLIMATE OF TASMANIA. TASMANIA, the sanitarium of the south, has a climate equal, if not superior, to that of the healthiest part of Europe ; the winter is not more severe than that f the South of France, and the summer is not hotter than that of London. The temperature is not marked by extremes of heat or cold, and as in summer the nights are always cool and refreshing, the heat of the day is never felt relaxing. The mean temperature at Hobart, in the south of the island, is 54 F. ; the mean maximum temperature is Gl F., and the mean minimum temperature 45 F. ; the mean daily range is 16 F. The hottest months are November, December, January, February, and March, when the extreme temperatures are 92 F., 91 F., 100 F., 86 F. and 96 F., respectively. The coldest months THE CLIMATE OF VICTORIA. 11 are May, June, July and August ; the mean monthly temperatures of which are 49 F., 46 F., 45 F. and 48 F., respectively. At Launceston, in the north of the island, the mean annual temperature is 55 F., the mean maximum temperature 64 F., the mean minimum temperature 43 F., and the daily range 20 F. The monthly mean temperature is highest in December and January, viz., 74 F. and 77 F. respectively, and lowest in May, June, July and August, viz., 38 F., 34 F., 35 and 38 F. respectively. Rain varies in quantity in different parts of the island, Hobart having little more than 21 inches, with 189 wet days ; Launceston nearly 31 inches, with 119 wet days, while Mount Bischoff, twenty-eight miles from the north coast, has 78 inches, with 264 wet days ; and Corinna in the north-west, nine miles from the coast, has nearly 69 inches of rain. The climate of the island is certainly much cooler and more equable, and therefore more pleasant and healthy than in Australia, and it is especially favorable to enfeebled constitutions from warmer climates. THE CLIMATE OF VICTORIA. THE climate of Victoria is very similar to that of the more favoured portions of Southern Europe, such as Madrid in Spain, Marseilles, Bordeaux, and Nice in France, and Bologna and Verona in Italy ; however, the difference between the coldest and warmest months is much less in Melbourne than in any of these places. The annual mean temperature in the shade is 58 F., the highest temperature in the shade has been 111 F., and the lowest temperature 27 F. The spring season generally sets in about the begin- ning of September, during which month the weather is usually mild and often quite warm, the average temperature being 12 THE CLIMATE OF VICTORIA. 53 F. The weather in October is genial and pleasant, with a mean temperature of 57 F. ; November is characterised by fine, warm, and sometimes even hot weather, the mean temperature in this month being 61 F. The hottest months are December, January and February, with a mean monthly temperature of 64 F., 67 F. and 66 F., respectively. The greatest heat and dryness of the atmosphere occurs towards the end of January or the beginning of February. With March the autumn season sets in, which although subject to stormy weather, gales of wind, and a large rainfall, is the most genial and beautiful portion of the year ; the mean temperature in March is 64 F., in April 59 F., and in May 53 F. June inaugurates the Victorian winter ; July is the coldest month, the mean temperature being 48 F. ; at this season cold northerly winds are experienced. In the higher altitudes it often freezes at night, although the days may be of a summer temperature, but in the lowlands the temperature only occasionally falls below freezing point. The suddenness of the atmospheric changes is felt by some to be trying, but as a rule the climate in autumn, winter and spring, is exceedingly agreeable ; the atmosphere is transparent, dry and exhilara- ting. The sky is brightly blue, and soft breezes breathe a delicious freshness and temper the rays of the sun. Even the summer is not oppressively warm, and the dry heat being cooled by southerly and south-westerly winds, is rather stimulating, and not so exhausting as the moist heat of the coast regions of New South Walea and Queensland. The hot winds and dust storms which occasionally occur are certainly not pleasant, but they generally terminate the second day and never last longer than three days ; besides they also act as a kind of scavenger, as explained in the description of the climate of South Australia ; it is during these hot winds that the highest temperatures occur. The rainfall is very variable in the different parts of the colony. The average yearly THE CLIMATE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 13 rainfall at Melbourne is 26 inches, with 137 wet days, but the rainfall has been as low as 16 inches and as high as 44 inches. In the highlands, especially towards the east, the rainfall is greater, while the Wiramera district, in the north-west of the colony, is extremely djy, having rarely above 14 inches ; and moreover, the evaporation, which in most parts of Victoria is greatly in excess of the rainfall, is especially large in the Wimmera district, but in sheltered localities, as in the valleys and gulleys at the foot of the mountain ranges, the evaporation . is almost reduced to a minimum. On the whole, Victoria has probably one of the finest climates in the world, though of course not without its drawbacks. The principal diseases prevalent in Victoria are enteric fever, diarrhceal diseases, pneumonia, phthisis, and heart diseases. THE CLIMATE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA. THE climate of Western Australia is said to be the healthiest of any of the Australian colonies. It is very hot but accompanied by a remarkable dryness of the atmosphere, and therefore the heat is rarely oppressive. The annual mean temperature is 65 F. ; the highest temperature recorded at Perth has been 109 F., and the lowest 34 F. The hottest months are December, January, February and March, with a mean monthly temperature of 72 F., 75 F., 79 F. and 76 F., respectively. The coldest months are July and August, both having a mean monthly temperature of 53 F. The average annual rainfall is nearly 33 inches, with 111 wet days ; the wet or winter season is from May to September, and the largest quantity of rain generally falls in July and August. In winter frosts are experienced, but only in the morning, and the greater part of the winter is 14 THE CLIMATE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA. temperate and fine. The rest of the year is extremely dry, but with occasional showers and thunderstorms ; and from October to April the climate is generally most delightful. Hot winds do occur, but they are neither so frequent nor so severe as in Sou^h Australia and Victoria. There is little luxuriant vegetation, and there are no swamps or marshes to produce fevers and ague, and the general sterility of the country may be said to contribute to the healthiness of the climate, which is very suitable for invalids and consumptive persons. The diseases most prevalent in the colony are heart disease and dysentery ; and with the exception of an epidemic of whooping cough, which made its appearance in the latter part of 1885, epidemics are unknown. II. AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS: Being an Alphabetical List of all known Health Resorts in Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand, giving a general description of the Climatic Health Resorts, Spas and Watering-places, with their environs, special indications, analyses of mineral waters, the names of resident medical men, and the addresses of the principal hotels and board- ing-houses, the quickest and cheapest routes, and other useful information. AKAEOA (CANTERBURY), NEW ZEALAND, 56 miles S.E. of Christchurch, on Banks' Peninsula, very picturesquely situated at the foot of green hills covered with ferns, on the shores of one of tbe finest harbours of New Zealand, in a dairy farming district. The surrounding scenery is magnifi- cent, and the summer heat being cooled to a delicious temperature by frequent sea breezes, the town has become a favourite summer retreat. Sea-bathing ; fishing ; boating. Post and Telegraph Office ; Cottage Hospital ; Literary Institute, with Library ; Musical Society. EXCURSION : Pigeon Bay. DOCTOR : Dr. A. E. Woodforde. HOTELS : " Grange's." " Wagstaff s," " Bruce's," the " Criterion." ROUTE : From Christchurch by steamer or coach ; ' or by rail to Little River, thence coach. ALBURY, NEW SOUTH WALES, 531 feet above sea- level, 386 miles (by rail) S. from Sydney, 190 miles (by rail) N.E. from Melbourne, and 170 miles from the coast, a flourishing town, picturesquely situated on the Murray river. The principal industry is that of the vine ; grapes are exten- sively grown at Ettamogah (5 miles from Albury), and in the 16 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. Murray Valley surrounding the town. The botanical reserve being a pleasant place of recreation. The surrounding scenery is very pretty, and the climate salubrious and pleasant. The mean maximum temperature, in the shade, during the hottest month is 93'5 F., and the mean minimum temperature during the coldest month 34-3 F., the mean annual temperature is 60-2 F., and the mean daily range 28'1 F. ; the average annual amount of rainfall is 27 in., with 85 rainy days in the year. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; Mechanics' Institute. DOCTORS : Drs. A. Andrews, M. Herdegen, P. Ken- nedy, and W. C. Woods. HOTELS: The ; < Globe," the "Rose," the " Albury Club," the " Exchange." ALDGATE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 1,392 feet above sea- level, 12 miles E. of Adelaide, a favourite summer resort, in a fruit growing district. Post and Telegraph Office. EXCURSION : Echunga goldfields (6m.) HOTEL : The " Aldgate Pump." ROUTE : By coach ; or by rail (22m.) ALEXANDRA, VICTORIA, about 1,000 feet above sea- level, 90 miles N.E. of Melbourne, and 75 miles from the coast, on the Goulburn River, in an agricultural and gold- mining district. The country is mountainous, the scenery magnificent, and the climate bracing and moderately dry. The average annual rainfall is 26 inches. The water of the numerous mountain streams is very fine and clear. Fishing ; shooting. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office; Mechanics' Institute ; Free Library ; Shire Hall, with stage ; Race- course. EXCURSIONS : Mt. Prospect, (3m.) ; Mt. Torbreck, (16m.) ; Cathedral Mountain (llm.) SPECIAL INDICATIONS: Phthisis; Renal complaints; Asthma ; Dyspepsia ; Nervous Affections. SEASON : From October to March. DOCTOR : Dr. C. F. Lethbridge (who makes diseases of women a specialty) can accommodate a few lady patients at his delightfully situated residence. AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 17 HOTELS : Keene's " Corner," the " Exchange," the " Shamrock," the " Mount Pleasant." ROUTE : By rail to Yea, thence by coach (20m.) AMBERLEY (CANTERBURY). NEW ZEALAND, 34 miles by rail N. from Christchurch, on the North Kowai river, in an agricultural and pastoral district. Post and Telegraph Office ; Public Library. Here is situated a cold chalybeate spring which, however, is unfit for use on account of the large amount of organic matter present. ANALYSIS ( in grains per gallon) : Total dissolved solids, 37-6grs. ; Volatile, S-8grs. ; Fixed 28'8grs. ; Carbonate of lime, 3'6grs. ; Carbonate of magnesia, 2'2grs. ; Chlorine, lO5grs. ; Iron protoxide, 2 - 3grs. ; Free ammonia, 0'069grs. ; Albuminoid ammonia, 0'034gr. ; or a total of ll'Tgrs. of mineral matters in one pint; Sediment, per gallon, 165'2grs, DOCTOR : Dr. M. Morris. HOTELS : The " Crown," the " Railway," ANGASTON, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 52 miles N.E. of Adelaide, and 35 miles from the coast, on the Angaston Creek, in an agricultural district. It is noted for its numer- ous vineyards which produce splendid crops of the finest grapes. The surrounding country is hilly. The total rain- fall in 1882 was nearly 18 inches. Post and Telegraph Office ; Literary Institute, with Library. EXCURSION : Tanunda, (ti^m.) DOCTOR : Dr. H. Ayliffe. HOTELS : The " Angaston," the " Commercial." ROUTE : By rail to Freeling, thence coach. APOLLO BAY, VICTORIA, 144 miles S.W. of Mel- bourne, a rising watering-place on the N.W. coast of Bass' Straits, near Cape Otway, in a fine timber-growing district, abounding in gigantic blue gum trees and magnificent ferns. The climate is mild and very salubrious. The mean annual temperature is 55' 1 F. The mean temperature in January is 60 F., in April 57 F., in July 49 F., in October 53 F., and in December 58 F. The average annual rainfall is 35 B 18 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. inches. The scenery is very pretty. Fishing ; shooting ; boating ; sea-bathing ; fine beach ; jetty. SEASON : From November to April. HOTELS : " Gosney's ;" u Caywood's Boarding House." KOUTE : By steamer direct ; or by rail to Colac or Birre- gurra, thence coach. ARMIDALE, NEW SOUTH WALES, 3,313 feet above sea-level, 335 miles N. of Sydney, and 80 miles from the coast, the chief town of New England,, a district of extreme beauty and fertility. The scenery is very picturesque, and the climate is bracing, and cool. The mean annual temperature in the shade is 56 '2 F., the mean maximum temperature in the shade during the hottest month 87'3 F., and the mean minimum temperature during the coldest month 26'6 F., the mean daily range 30-8 F., and the nights are always cool. The average annual amount of rainfall is 39'560in., with 102 rainy days in the year. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; Free Library. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : Consumption in its early SEASON : From October to April. DOCTORS : Drs. L. G. Mallam, W. Murray. HOTELS : " Tattersall's," " New England," " Com- mercial," the " Court House," the " St. Kilda ; " also Mrs. Gill's Boarding House. EOUTE : By steamer to Newcastle, thence rail (260m.) ; or by rail direct. AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND, 260 feet above sea- level, the largest city in New Zealand, most picturesquely situated on the shores of Waitemata harbour, on the North side of the volcanic isthmus where the Waitemata harbour on the east and the Manukau on the west almost meet ; it is famed for the beauty of its many sea-views, and sometimes called the " Corinth of the South Pacific." The climate is warm and somewhat moist ; the mean temperature in the shade in Winter is 52-34 F., in Spring 57-56 F., in Sum- mer 66-92 F., in Autumn 61'16 F. ; the mean temperature is 59-54 F. ; the mean daily range 17'82 F. ; the mean AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 19 maximum temperature during the hottest month is 88*52 F., and the mean minimum temperature during the coldest month 33*26 F. ; the mean annual amount of rainfall is 47*008 inches. Fishing ; sea-bathing ; boating ; yachting. Post and Telegraph Office ; Hospital ; Free Public Library ; Museum ; Government House ; Lome-street Hall ; Tem- perance Hall ; Theatre Royal ; Opera House ; Choral Hall ; Albert Park ; the Domain, the principal recreation ground of the city, with Botanical Gardens. EXCURSIONS : Mount Eden, 644 feet high (at one time a Maori pah), with crater and magnificent views (3m.) ; Remuera, a beautiful suburb at the foot of Mount Eden ; the Three Kings, a group of volcanic hills, with interesting vol- canic caves (5m.) ; North Shore, (by ferry boat), with Mt. Victoria, once a volcano, now a signal station, affording fine views (2^m.) ; Lake and Mt. Takapuna ; Ponsonby, a pretty suburb (2m.) ; Parnell, adjoining Ponsonby ; Waiwera hot springs, on Hauraki Gulf (24m.) DOCTORS : Dr. T. H. Lewis, formerly for 3 years resi- dent medical superintendent of the Rotorua Sanatorium, should be consulted by all invalids passing through Auckland en route for the Thermal Springs district ; Drs. J. C. Mac- Mullen, C. H. Haines, G. T. Girdler, H. C. Wine, C. N. Cobbett, H. Walker. HOTELS : The " Albert," the " Star," the " Royal Mail," the '* Clarendon," the " Nevada," the ' Governor Browne," the "Waitemata," the "Thames," the "Auckland," the " Imperial," the " Masonic," the "Thistle," -'Gram's." PRIVATE BOARDING HOUSES : " Claremont House," " Harbour View House." BAIRNSDALE, VICTORIA, 185 miles E. of Mel- bourne, and 10 miles from the coast, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Mitchell River, in a hop-growing district, near the Gippsland lakes. Surrounding country partly low, partly mountainous. The average annual rainfall is 26 inches. Fishing ; shooting ; boating. Post and Telegraph Office ; Mechanics' Institute ; Race-course ; Cricket and Rowing Clubs. 20 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. EXCURSIONS : Eagle Point (the beauty spot of the lakes) (5m.) ; Eosherville ; Cunningham. DOCTORS : Drs. F. A. Bennet, J. Duncan. HOTELS : The " Victoria," " Commercial," " Imperial," " Club," " Bridge," and " Court." ROUTE : By rail to Sale (127m.), thence steamer (46m.) ; or by steamer direct. BALLAARAT, VICTORIA, 1,437 feet above sea-level, 100 miles (by rail) W. from Melbourne, and 60 miles from the coast, the second city in Victoria, enjoys a temperate climate, and its noted salubrity makes it a place of resort by invalids requiring a bracing yet not too cold an air. The mean annual temperature is 54*3 F. ; the mean tompera- ture in January is 63 F. ; in April, 54 F. ; in July, 42 F. ; in October, 52 F. ; and in December, 60 F. The average annual rainfall is 26 inches. Turkish and Swimming Baths ; Hydropathic establishment ; Post and Telegraph Office ; Hospital and Benevolent Asylum ; Mechanics' Institute ; Public Library ; Academy of Music, with Fine Art Gallery ; Alfred Hall ; Masonic Hall ; Liedertafel ; Musical Union ; Ballarat and Commercial Clubs. OBJECTS OF INTEREST : Lake Wendouree, a beautiful sheet of water of 600 acres in extent (fishing, boating, yacht- ing) ; Botanical Gardens, with its fernery and statues ; City Hall, with the Alfred Memorial Bells ; Bourke and Wills Memorial Stone ; Eureka Monument ; Burns' Statue ; School of Mines ; the Gold-mines. EXCURSIONS : Mount Warrenheip 2463 feet, and Mt. Buninyong 2,448 feet, affording splendid views ; Mounts Pisgah, Blowhard, and Hollowback, the three bald hills of Dowling Forest ; the water reserves in the forest, especially near Kirk's reservoir ; Lai Lai Falls, a favourite spot for pic- nics (14m.) ; Moorabool Falls. HOTELS : " Lester's," replete with every comfort and con- venience ; " Craig's Royal," one of the finest hotels out of Melbourne ; the " Unicorn," the " George," " Brophy's Club," Sayle's " Edinburgh Castle," the " North Grant," the "Earl of Zetland," the "Buck's Head," the "Royal Standard," " Saunders." AUSTBALA8IAN HEALTH RESORTS. 21 DOCTORS : Drs. R. D. Pinnock, W. P. Whitcombe, T. F. Jordan, R. J. Owen. BALLAN, VICTORIA, 1,650 feet above sea-level, 45 miles (by rail) N. W. from Melbourne, on the Werribee River. The climate is healthy, cool, and agreeable. The average annual rainfall is 33 inches. Fishing ; shooting. Post and Telegraph Office ; Mechanics' Institute ; Race-course ; Recrea- tion Reserve. Mineral Springs of a highly medicinal character known as the " Ballan Mineral," or the " Victorian Seltzer," are situated on the border of the Ballarook Forest, about 7 miles from the Ballan rail way- station, and over 2.000 feet above sea-level. The water is clear, sparkling, inodorant, mildly pungent, and of an alkaline character ; it has been in use for the last twenty years. ANALYSIS (in grains per gallon) : Carbonate of soda (with traces of potash), 68'8grs. ; Carbonate of lime, 19'2grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 22'4 grs. ; Carbonate of iron, l'6gr. ; Chloride of Sodium, 5*4grs. ; total, 117grs. of solid matter in one gallon. Also traces of Bromine and Sul- phuric Acid, but Phosphoric Acid, Iodine, and Fluorine, though carefully sought for by the Analyst, Mr. J. Cosmo Newbery, were not detected. The water is bottled at the Ballan Mineral Springs by Mr. Chr. Gunsser, but as the water, as it comes out of the rock, does not contain sufficient carbonic acid to keep the different minerals in solution when the water is bottled, a gas-holder has been erected at the springs, to collect the free carbonic acid which the springs give off continually, and with this natural carbonic acid gas, the water, as it comes from the springs, is impregnated, pro- ducing a very palatable and refreshing beverage. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : Indigestion, Affections of kid- neys and bladder, Costiveness, Heartburn, and Rheumatism ; in large doses useful in reducing corpulence, and in small doses in diarrhoea and dysentery. Also suitable for infants, if mixed with equal parts of milk. HOTELS : The " Ballan," the " Commercial," the " Shannon," the " Freemason's," the " Orwell," the " Rail- way," the " Hanrahan." 22 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESOHTS. BATHURST, NEW SOUTH WALES, 2,153 feet above sea level, 145 miles (by rail) W. from Sydney, and 98 miles from the coast, the emporium of the western interior, on the Macquarie River. The climate is extremely healthy and invigorating, though frequently very cold in the winter months. The mean maximum temperature in the shade during the hottest month is 86-8 F., and the mean minimum tempera- ture during the coldest month 28*1 F., the mean annual temperature is 56'8 F., the mean daily range, 29 - 9 F., and the average annual amount of rainfall 23'222in., with 74 rainy days in the year. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; School of Arts. DOCTORS : Drs. W. F. Bassett, D. T. Edmunds, W. Finlay, T. A. Machattie, W. W. Spencer. HOTELS : The " Royal," " Metropolitan," Duke's," " Tattersall's," " Newmarket," " Oxford." BEECHWORTH, VICTORIA, 1,795 feet above sea-level, 171 miles (by rail) N.E. from Melbourne, and 126 miles from the coast, the capital town of the Ovens district, picturesquely situated and surrounded by lofty mountains. The scenery is magnificent, and the climate is extremely salubrious ; the air is pure, mild and dry, though cold in Winter. The mean annual temperature is 55'7 F. ; the mean temperature in January is 70 F. ; in April, 58 F. ; in July, 40 F.; in October, 58 F. ; and in December, 67 F. The average annual rainfall is 30 inches. Good shooting in the neigh- bouring ranges and gullies. Post and Telegraph Office ; Hospital ; Public Library and Burke Museum ; Athenasum ; Star Hotel Theatre ; Masonic, St. George's and Oddfellow's Halls ; Recreation Reserve, beautifully kept : Race-course ; Cricket ground. EXCURSIONS : Lake Kerferd (4m.) ; the Dingle Ranges ; the Red and One-Tree Hills ; Stanley (6m.), and Mt. Stan- ley, 3,444ft., commanding splendid views (12m.) ; Buffalo Mountain ; numerous Gold Mines. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : General Debility, Chest Affections. DOCTORS : Drs. W. A. Dobbyn, D. Skinner, H. T. Fox. AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 23 HOTELS : The " Commercial," a fine roomy hotel ; the " Star," the "Victoria," the ' Alliance," the "Corner," the " Post Office," the " London Tavern," the " Oriental," the " Albion," the " Imperial." BEENLEIGH, QUEENSLAND, 24 miles (by rail) S. from Brisbane, and 10 miles from the coast, near the Albert and Logan rivers, in a farming, sugar, and arrowroot growing district. Climate very fine. The total rainfall in 1 884 was 54 inches, with 88 rainy days. Post and Telegraph Office. HOTELS : The Beenleigh," the " Railway," the " Royal." BELFAST, VICTORIA, 190 miles (by steamer) S.W. from Melbourne, an important seaport town and sea-side health resort at the mouth of the river Moyne, on Port Fairy Bay, in a fine agricultural and pastoral district. The surrounding country is undulating and the scenery picturesque. The climate is salubrious and bracing. The average annual rainfall is 29 inches. Good sea and river bathing ; excellent fishing (trumpeter and crayfish) ; splendid shooting (kangaroo and plover) ; boating. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; Botanical Gardens ; Mechanics' Institute ; Oddfellows Hall ; Temperance Hall ; Cricket and Bowling Clubs. EXCURSIONS : Tower Hill, a remarkable volcanic moun- tain, with a perfect extinct crater, standing in the Tower Lake (9m.) ; the " Crags," a favourite place for picnics (5m.) ; Lady Julia Percy Island, much frequented by seals ; Koroit (12m.) DOCTOR : Dr. T. Stanton. HOTELS : The " Star of the West," the " Bank," the "Commercial," the "Albion," the "Caledonian," the " Victoria," the " Market," the " White Hart," the " Union." BELMONT, NEW SOUTH WALES. See LAKE MACQUARIE. BLACKHEATH, NEW SOUTH WALES, 3,494 feet above sea-level, 73 miles (by rail) W. from Sydney. There are numerous mountain springs in the district, the water of 24 -AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. which is very fine and of the purest quality. Post and Tele- graph Office. EXCURSIONS : Govett's Leap, an unbroken descent of about 500 feet ; the Trinity Cascade ; the Gorge of the Grose ; Mermaid's Glen ; Mt. King George, (3,620ft.) ; Mt. Toomah, (3,240ft.) See also KATOOMBA and MT. VICTORIA. HOTEL : The " Victoria House," with superior accom- modation. BOOROOLONG, NEW SOUTH WALES, 4,328 feet above sea-level, 375 miles N. of Sydney, and 87 miles from the coast, situated in the centre of the New England Table- land ; the scenery is picturesque, and the climate very mild and bracing. The average annual rainfall is 34~58 inches with 105 wet days ; the mean temperature in 1885 was 43 F. Post Office. EXCURSION : MacLeay Water Falls. ROUTE : By steamer to Newcastle, thence rail (281m.) ; or by rail direct. BOWENFELS, NEW SOUTH WALES, 2,972 feet above sea-level, 97' miles (by rail) W. from Sydney, and 78 miles from the coast, situated on the Blue Mountains. The sur- rounding country is mountainous and well wooded, with splendid scenery. The climate in summer is very mild, dry, and equable, and all through the year it is most invigorating and salubrious. Good walks. Post and Telegraph Offices. EXCURSIONS : Lithgow ; Hartley ; Eskbank. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : For Convalescents ; (not suitable for advanced phthisis.) DOCTOR : Dr. M. Asher, from Lithgow. HOTEL : The " Royal " ; also Cook's Boarding-house. BOWRAL, NEW SOUTH WALES, 2,171 feet above sea- level, 80 miles (by rail) S. from Sydney, and 30 miles from the coast. A pretty little town at the foot of the " Gib," surrounded by open meadows, grassy slopes and gentle undulations. Noted for its extreme healthiness, which is attracting numbers of well-to-do residents of Sydney during AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 25 the heat of summer. The atmosphere is dry and exhilarating. The average annual rainfall is 28-41 inches, with 97 wet days. Post and Telegraph Office ; School of Arts. EXCURSIONS : The " Gib," a high cliff deriving its name from a fancied resemblance to the rock at Gibraltar, from the top of which an extensive view is obtained ; Berrima. See also Moss YALE and MITTAGONG. DOCTOR : Dr, B. J. Newmarch. HOTELS : The "Royal," the " Commercial," "Reich's." BOARDING-HOUSES : " Groves'," " Shelly's," " Horton's," " Mackenzie's," " Carter's," " Monk's," " Hodgson's," " Chapel's." BRIGHTON, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 9 miles S.W. from Adelaide, a favourite sea-side resort, prettily situated on the shores of the Gulf of St. Vincent. Jetty, affording a plea- sant promenade. Sea-bathing ; fishing ; boating. Post and Telegraph Office ; Literary Institute. EXCURSION : Glenelg (2|m.) HOTELS : The " Brighton," the " Thatched House," the " Sea-side." ROUTE : By rail to Glenelg, thence tram. BRIGHTON", VICTORIA, 8 miles (by rail) S.E. from Melbourne, on the eastern shore of Port Phillip Bay, a favourite watering-place and one of the healthiest and prettiest suburbs of Melbourne. The atmosphere is invigorating, pure and salubrious. The average annual rainfall is 27 inches. Long sandy beach ; two fine piers ; Sea-baths ; fishing ; boating ; yachting ; shooting. Post and Telegraph Office. HOTELS : The " Retreat," " Duke of Edinburgh," " Royal Terminus," " Grimbley's," " Marine," " Red Bluff." Also the '' Wellington and Cambrian House," a high-class boarding-house containing 40 rooms. BUNDABERG, QUEENSLAND, 272 miles (by steamer) N.W. from Brisbane, the port of a rich agricultural and sugar-growing district, on the Burnett River, in close proxim- ity to the sea, noted for the salubrity of its climate ; average 26 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. rainfall 30 inches, with 80 wet days. Summer heat seldom exceeds 90 F. in the shade. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; School of Arts ; Racing Club. DOCTORS : Drs. T. H. May, W. D. Thomas, D'A. Sugden. HOTELS : The " Grand," the " Custom House," the " Imperial," the " West End," the " Royal," the " Criterion," the " Terminus," the " Mulgrave," the " Sydney." BUNINYONG, VICTORIA, 1,600 feet above sea-level, 106 miles W. of Melbourne. The surrounding country is elevated, the air very bracing, and fresh water springs are numerous. The average annual rainfall is 29 inches. Post and Telegraph Office ; Public Library. EXCURSIONS : Mount Buninyong (l^m); Mount Warren- heip. HOTELS : The " Buninyong," the " Crown," the " Court House," the " Royal Exchange." ROUTE : By rail to Ballarafc, thence car (7m.) ; or by rail to Yendon, thence car (5m.) BURRADOO, NEW SOUTH WALES, 2,168 feet above sea-level, 82 miles (by rail) S. from Sydney, and 24 miles from the coast. A charming summer retreat. Every attention is shown to visitors by Mrs. Livingston at her comfortable private boarding-house, close to the plat- form ; terms moderate. EXCURSIONS : See BOWRAL and Moss VALE. BUSSELTON, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, 142 miles (by steamer or coach) S. from Perth, a sea-side health resort on the shores of Geographe Bay. Frequented by residents of Perth and invalids from India. It is the shipping-port of a jarrah timber-growing district. Grapes, as well as other fruits are plentiful. The surrounding scenery is very pleas- ing ; the climate is salubrious and pleasant. Sea-bathing can be indulged in almost throughout the year. Splendid sea- fishing; jetty 2,800 feet long, forming a pleasant promenade ; sandy beach, extending 25 miles. There are numerous walks and drives in the neighbourhood. Post and Telegraph Office ; Mechanics' Institute. AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH HESOHTS. 27 SPECIAL INDICATIONS : General Debility ; Convales- cence. DOCTOR : Dr. R. J. Lepper. HOTEL : The " Vasse." CAMBOOYA, QUEENSLAND, 1,524 feet above sea-level, 124 miles (by rail) S.W. from Brisbane, on Hodgson's creek Climate bracing. Post and Telegraph Office. CAMDEN, NEW SOUTH WALES, 42 miles S.W. of Sydney, and 24 miles from the coast, pleasantly situated on the river Nepean, in a vine-growing district ; dry, salubrious climate. The average annual rainfall is 21-18 inches, with 31 wet days. Post and Telegraph Office. DOCTORS : Drs. R. E. Beattie, C. G. Leacock. HOTELS : The " Camden," " Crown," " Commercial," " Plough and Harrow." ROUTE : By rail to Campbelltown (34m.), thence by tramway (8m.) CAMPBELLTOWN, NEW SOUTH WALES, 210 feet above sea-level, 34 miles (by rail) S. from Sydney, and 18 miles from the coast. Eminently healthy and picturesque. Soil much impregnated with salt and mineral substances. The average annual rainfall is 22*77 inches, with 74 wet days. Post and Telegraph Office. EXCURSIONS : Broughton's Pass ; Jordan's Pass ; Pheas- ant's Nest ; Friendly Falls ; Bulli Pass. HOTELS : The " Royal," Jolly Miller," " Railway," " Sportsman's Arms," " Forbes Hotel." CAMPBELL TOWN, TASMANIA, 660 feet above sea- level, 42 miles (by rail) S.E. from Launceston, and 91 miles (by rail) N. of Hobart, an important though quiet township, pleasantly situated on the Elizabeth River, 38 miles from the coast. The air is dry, cool and bracing ; the annual rainfall in 1886 amounted to 20 inches, with 95 wet days. Good shooting. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; Institute with Library. 28 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. EXCURSIONS : Waterworks Lake, covering an area of 1,200 acres (good shooting wild duck and swan) ; Mount Campbell, 2,356 feet high. DOCTOR : Dr. H. G. H. Naylor. HOTELS : The " Caledonian," the " Criterion," " Kean's." CHARLTON, VICTORIA, 173 miles (by rail) N.W. from Melbourne, and 148 miles from the coast, situated on the Avoca river, in an extensive agricultural district. The country is flat, and lightly timbered. The climate is remarkably warm, dry and equable ; no sudden changes of temperature ; the Winter is mild and short ; the average annual rainfall is 16-7 inches. A mineral spring, of supposed medicinal value, at Yawong (4m.) Post and Telegraph Office ; Mechanics' Institute. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : All Chest Diseases, especially Phthisis, and Hydatids of Lung. DOCTOR : Dr. T. G. Beckett, who makes diseases of the chest his special study. HOTELS : The " East Charlton," the " Golden Fleece," the " Globe," the " Cricket Club," the " Vale of Avoca." CHOWDER BAY, NEW SOOTH WALES, a favourite watering-place, prettily situated on the northern shore of Port Jackson, 6 miles (by steamer) from Sydney, Beach ; sea-bathing ; fishing. Pavilion, accommodating 2,000 persons. HOTEL : The " Marine," overlooking the beautiful har- bour of Port Jackson, is most elaborately furnished, and replete with every convenience. CLARENDON, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 18 miles S.E. of Adelaide, on the Onkaparinga River, in a fine vine-growing district. Adjoining this township is the celebrated Clarendon vineyard, situated at an elevation of nearly 800 feet above sea- level, and thickly planted with choice vines. The surrounding country is mountainous, with fine valleys and undulating flats ; scenery varied and beautiful. The mean annual rain- AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH BESORTS. 29 fall is 40 inches. Post and Telegraph Office ; Literary Institute ; Oddfellows' Hall. HOTELS : The " Royal Oak," the " Clarendon." ROUTE : By rail to Blackwood (llm.), thence coach. CLEVELAND, QUEENSLAND, 20 miles E. of Brisbane, a favourite watering-place on the shores of Moreton Bay. The total rainfall in 1^84 was 48 inches, with 79 wet days. Oranges and bananas are extensively grown. Jetties ; sea-baths. Post and Telegraph Office ; School of Arts. HOTELS : The " Cleveland," the " Pier," the " Brighton." ROUTE : By coach or steamer. CLIFTON SPRINGS, VICTORIA. -See DRYSDALE. CLYDE OR DUNSTAN (OTAGO), NEW ZEALAND, 156 miles W. of Dunedin, on the Clutha River, in a gold-mining and fruit-growing district. The climate is extremely salubri- ous ; the surrounding scenery is wild and weird. Shooting (rabbits). Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; Athenaeum ; Public Library. EXCURSIONS : Cromwell (10m.) ; Alexandra. DOCTOR : Dr. G. A. Lewis. HOTELS : The " Dunstan," " Port Phillip," the Junction." ROUTE : By rail from Dunedin to Lawrence (60m.), thence coach via Roxburgh. COIMADAI, VICTORIA, 33 miles N.W. of Melbourne. In the neighbourhood are mineral water springs, whence is obtained the well known " Coimadai Water." HOTEL : The " Coimadai." ROUTE : By rail to Diggers' Rest (20m.), thence coach (13 miles). COOGEE BAY, NEW SOUTH WALES, a favourite watering-place, 5 miles (by tram) S. from Sydney, beautifully situated on the Pacific Ocean. Fine sandy beach ; sea-bath- ing ; fishing. An Aquarium, with hot and cold salt-water baths, is to be erected shortly. HOTELS : The " Baden Baden," the " Coogee Bay." 30 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. COWES, VICTORIA, 55 miles S.E. of Melbourne, a sea- side health resort on the northern coast of Phillip Island, fronting Western Port Bay. The country is elevated and undulating, the eastern portion is lightly timbered, and the western open country. Fine climate. Sandy beach ; sea- bathing ; shooting (wallaby, hares, pheasants, partridges, quails, &c.) ; fishing. Post and Telegraph Office ; Free Public Library. EXCURSIONS : Swan and Green Lakes (8m. S.W.), abounding in fish and waterfowl (wild ducks). HOTELS : The " Isle of Wight," at which visitors are well cared for by Host Bauer ; " Wood's Family." ROUTE : By rail to Frankston (27m.), thence coach to Hastings (15m.), thence small steamer. CROOKWELL, NEW SOUTH WALES, 2.995 feet above sea-level, 160 miles S. of Sydney, and 76 miles from the coast, pleasantly situated on the Crookwell river, well sheltered from cold westerly winds. The climate is healthy and bracing, the temperature dry and equable. The average annual rainfall is 28'73 inches, with 94 wet days. The scenery is varied and pleasing. Fishing ; excellent shooting. Post and Telegraph Office. OBJECTS OF INTEREST : The famous Womberan Caves. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : Lung Diseases ; General Debility. SEASON : From November to March. DOCTOR : Dr. A.'E. FitzPatrick, who makes diseases of women and children his special study. HOTELS : The " Commercial," " Tattersall's," the " Crookwell " ; also an excellent Temperance Boarding-house. ROUTE : By rail to Goulburn (134m.), thenoe coach (26m). DALBY, QUEENSLAND, 1,123 feet above sea-level, 152 miles (by rail) W. of Brisbane, and 112 miles from the coast, in the pastoral district of Northern Downs. The climate is dry and bracing. The total rainfall in 1884 was 18 inches, with 62 wet days. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; School of Arts : Race-course. AUSTBALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 31 HOTELS : The " Royal," the " Post Office," the " Queen's Arms," the " Golden Fleece," the " Criterion," the " Sove- reign," the " Railway." DAL VEEN, QUEENSLAND, 2,906 feet above sea-level, 194 miles (by rail) S.W. from Brisbane. The surrounding country is mountainous, the scenery beautiful, and the climate very bracing. Post and Telegraph Office. At present there is no accommodation for visitors at Dalveen. DANDENONG, VICTORIA, 69 feet above' sea-level, 18 miles (by rail) S.E. from Melbourne, and 16 miles from the coast, a pretty and pleasant township, lying on a flat under the Dandenong Ranges. The average annual rainfall is 30*4 inches. Sceneiy in the ranges extremely wild and picturesque. The State Forest, close by, is full of red gum and blackwood trees of an enormous size. Good shooting ; fishing. Post and Telegraph Office ; Mechanics' Institute. EXCURSIONS : The Fern-tree Gullies, celebrated for their picturesque scenery (12m.) HOTELS : The " Royal," the " Bridge," with first-class accommodation ; the " Shamrock," the " Albion." DAYLESFORD, VICTORIA, 2,039 feet above sea-level, a rising health resort, picturesquely situated on Wombat creek, near the Loddon river, 78 miles (by rail) N.W. from Melbourne, and 70 miles from the coast. The surrounding district is elevated and mountainous, and the scenery is exceed- ingly beautiful ; the climate is bracing ; the nights are always cool. The average annual rainfall is 36-8 inches ; the mean annual temperature is 53 F.; the mean temperature in January, is 58 F. ; in April, 52 F. ; in July, 42 F. ; in October, 52 F., and in December, 60 F. English fruits are grown to perfection. Fishing ; shooting. In the neighbourhood are some highly carbonated chalybeate springs, (see HEPBURN). Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; Mechanics' Institute ; Albert Hall Theatre ; Botanic Gardens, 2,300 feet above sea- level, commanding a grand and extensive view ; Public Park ; Race-course. EXCURSIONS: Hepburn Mineral Springs (3m.); Sailor's Creek and Waterfall (4m.) ; Stony Creek, with Waterfall ; Kangaroo Creek Falls ; Loddon Falls ; Coomoora (2^m.) ; 32 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. Deep Creek, (6m.) ; Glenlyon (6^m.) ; the Coliban Falls, a romantic spot 2-| miles from Trentham (14m.) ; Mt. Blow- hard. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : General Debility, Pulmonary and Nervous Affections. SEASON : From October to April. DOCTORS : Drs. E. H. C. Massy, T. R. H. Willis. HOTELS : The " Commercial," the u Victoria," the " Royal," the " Albert," the " Terminus," the " Liverpool Arms," the " Raglan," the " Manchester." Mrs. Brown's Coffee Palace (charges moderate), with excellent accommoda- tion. DELORAINE, TASMANIA, 800 feet above sea-level, 45 miles (by rail) S.W. from Launceston, and 23 miles from the coast, pleasantly situated on the river Meander, the centre of one of the finest agricultural districts in the colony. The total rainfall in 1886 amounted to 37 inches, with 146 wet days. Post and Telegraph Office ; Public Library. EXCURSIONS : The famous Chudleigh Caves (15m.) ; the magnificent falls of the Meander ; Quamby Bluff, an isolated, lofty montain ; Mount Rolland. DOCTOR : Dr. J. M. MacNeece. HOTELS: The "Deloraine," the "Commercial," the Shamrock," the " Plough," the " Bush." DEVONPORT OR NORTH SHORE, NEW ZEALAND, a marine suburb, 2^ miles N.E. of Auckland. Fine strand ; sea-bathing ; fishing ; boating ; yachting. Post and Tele- graph Office. Good hotels. EXCURSIONS : See AUCKLAND. DROMANA, VICTORIA, 35 miles (by steamer) 8. from Melbourne, a favourite watering-place on the shores of Hob- son's Bay ; surrounding country mountainous. The average annual rainfall is 29'2 inches. Sea-bathing ; sea-fishing ; shooting (rabbits). Jetty, 1,400 feet long, forming a pleasant promenade. Post and Telegraph Office ; Mechanics' Institute ; Race-course (3m.) AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 33 EXCURSIONS : Arthur's Seat mountain (^m.), and light- house, (l^m.) ; Mount Martha (3m.) HOTELS : The " Dromana," with superior accommodation; the " Arthur's Seat." DRFSDALE, VICTORIA, 212 feet above sea-level, 57 miles (by rail) via Geelong, and 34 miles (by steamer) S.W. from Melbourne, pleasantly situated on the Corty Ule Creek, near the shores of Port Phillip Bay. The surrounding coun- try is undulated and elevated, and the scenery beautiful. The district is considered a very healthy one, and invalids are frequently sent there for the benefit of the air. The average annual rainfall is 19*7 inches. Sea-bathing ; fishing ; shooting ; boating. Post and Telegraph Office ; Free Library. The celebrated Chalybeate and Sulphurous Springs at Clifton, close to the sea-shore, are 1^ miles distant from Drysdale ; the water is bright, sparkling, and very brisk, of pleasant taste and highly refreshing, possessing chalybeate, anti-acid, and tonic properties. There are a number of different springs at Clifton, all highly charged with carbonic acid gas ; these natural aerated waters are bottled and sold by the Clifton Springs Company, Drysdale. Hot mineral baths can also be had at Clifton. 1. MAGNESIA SPRING ANALYSIS (in grains per pint) : Silica, O500gr. ; Car- bonate of Iron, 0'700gr. ; Carbonate of Lime, 3'464grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 13'625grs. ; Sulphate of Sodium, 3'244grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 51'400grs. ; Carbonate of Sodium, 14'667grs. ; total amount of mineral matters per pint, 87-600grs. Temperature : 68 F. Specific Gravity (at 60 F.) : 1006-5. 2. SELTZER SPRING- ANALYSIS (in grains per pint) : Silica, 1'lSOgr. ; Car- bonate of Iron, 0'910grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 8'064grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, ll'130grs. ; Sulphate of Sodium, 3'171grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 34'411grs. ; Carbonate of 84 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. Sodium, 35-564grs. ; total 94'400grs. of mineral matters per pint. Temperature : 60 F. Specific Gravity: 1008. 3. SODA SPUING ANALYSIS (in grains per pint) : Silica, 0'840gr. ; Car- bonate of Iron, 0'279gr. ; Carbonate of Lime, 5'904grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 10'038grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 3-028grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 37'069grs. ; Carbonate of Soda, 28'069grs. ; total 85'227grs. of mineral matters per pint. Temperature : 64 F. Specific Gravity (at 60 F.) : 1005'5. 4. IRON SPRING The most valuable one, from a medical point of view, very similar in composition to the Kakoczy Spring at Kissingen, Bavaria, but much stronger in Carbonate of Iron. ANALYSIS (in grains per pint) : Silica, 0'730gr. ; Car- bonate of Iron, l-156gr. ; Carbonate of Lime, l'536gr. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 9'768grs. ; Sulphate of Sodium, 9'560grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 57'250grs. ; Carbonate of Soda, 4*200grs. ; total 84-200grs. of mineral matters per pint. Temperature : 68 F. Specific Gravity (at 60 F.) : 1005. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : Chlorosis, Anaemia, Disorders of Digestion, Liver Complaints ; also Kheumatism, Rheumatic Gout, Gout, Sciatica, and Affections of the Joints, if taken in conjunction with the hot mineral baths at Clifton. EXCURSIONS : Queenscliff (10m.) ; Geelong, (12m.) HOTELS : AtDfiYSDALE : The "Bucks Head;" two large first-class hotels, each to contain about 50 rooms, were in course of erectionin 1887. At CLIFTON: The "Clifton," five minutes walk from the springs, where first-class accommoda- tion can be had. DOCTORS : Drs. J. T. Chapman^ and F. W. Towle. DUBBO, NEW SOUTH WALES, 865 feet above sea-level, 278 miles (by rail) N.W. from Sydney, and 382 miles from the coast, a flourishing town situated on the Macquarie river, and the centre of one of the richest mineral and pastoral dis- AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 35 tricts of the colony. The climate is warm and dry, and yery efficacious in chest diseases. The average annual rainfall is 'I'l '26 inches, with 75 wet days. The mean maximum tem- perature in the shade in 1885 was 80 F. ; the mean minimum temperature, 48-6 F. ; and the mean temperature, 64-3 F. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; School of Arts ; Masonic Hall. A cold effervescent mineral spring is situated on Talbrigar Creek, about 22 miles from Dnbbo ; the water is of an alkaline character, it is clear, free from odour, and highly charged with carbonic acid gas. It contains a small amount of sediment consisting of silica and some organic matter. ANALYSIS (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Sodium, 183 - 10grs. ; Bicarbonate of Potassium, 12*83grs. ; Bicarbon- ate of Lithium, 0'05gr. ; Bicarbonate of Calcium, ll'38grs. ; Bicarbonate of Magnesium, 9'36grs.; Iron, 0*70gr. ; Chloride of Sodium, 6'92grs. ; Aluminum traces ; Silica, 0'28gr. ; total 224*62grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Also traces of Phosphates, and Free Ammonia, 00*052 parts in 100*000. Temperature : 65 F. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : Acid Dyspepsia ; Disorders of Kidneys and Bladder. DOCTORS : Drs. H. G. S. Warren, H. M. Gay. HOTELS : The " Royal," the " Macquarie View," the " Great Western," the " Post Office," the " Imperial," the "Court House," the "Telegraph," " Tattersall's." DUNSTAN OR CLYDE (OTAGO), NEW ZEALAND. See CLYDE. ECHUCA, VICTORIA (with its border town, MOAMA, NEW SOUTH WALES), 314 feet above sea-level. 156 miles (by rail) N. from Melbourne, and 146 miles from the coast, on the Murray and Campaspe rivers, surrounded by forests of gum trees, which protect these towns from winds and impreg- nate the pure atmosphere with the balsamic odour of the essential oil of Eucalyptus. The climate is warm, equable, and very dry. The mean annual temperature is 58'9 F. ; the average annual rainfall is only 16 inches, with 67 rainy days in the year; there is very little variation of temperature, and hardly any sudden atmospheric changes. The country around 36 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. Echuca is rather flat, and the town is liable to severe inunda- tions from the flooding of the river ; the river scenery is very fine. There are some vineyards in the district. Fishing (Murray cod, black-fish) ; shooting (hares, turkeys, &c.) ; floating river-baths ; boating. Hospital ; Post and Tele- graph Office ; Mechanics' Institute ; Free Library ; three Public Parks. OBJECTS OF INTEREST : Granite obelisk in memory of Henry Hopwood, the founder of Echuca ; the bridge over the Murray, 1,900 feet long. EXCURSIONS : The Moira lakes ; the vineyards on the banks of the Goulburn river (6m.) SPECIAL INDICATIONS : Pulmonary diseases, especially Phthisis, Asthma, Bronchitis. SEASON : April to November. DOCTORS : Dr. G. R. Eakins, who makes a specialty of diseases of the chest, also of diseases peculiar to women, is the proprietor of a private hospital, where patients will be received ; also Drs. Graham and Osborne. HOTELS : Spearing's " Palace Hotel," with superior accommodation; the "Echuca," the "Commercial," the " Pastoral," the " Union Club," the " Steam-packet," the " Rodney," the " Victoria Terminus," the " Caledonian," " Berryman's Temperance;" and at MOAMA : the " Bridge," the " Border Inn," the " Plough and Harrow," the " Vine," the " Railway Terminus." ECHUNGA, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 21 miles S.E. of Adelaide, a favourite summer-resort, in an agricultural and gold-mining district. The climate is very salubrious, and the surrounding country is considerably elevated and of a hilly character. The total rainfall in 1882 was 27 inches. Post and Telegraph Office ; Literary Institute. EXCURSIONS : Mt. Barker (6m.) ; Hahndorf, (5fm.) ; Meadows, (6m.) ; Macclesfield, (6m.). HOTELS : The " Bridge," the " Hagen Arms." ROUTE : By rail to Aldgate(12m.), thence coach. EDEN, NEW SOUTH WALES, 107 feet above sea-level, 283 miles (by steamer) S. from Sydney, a sea-side health AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 37 resort on the north shore of Twofold Bay, in a pastoral, agri- cultural and dairy-farming district. The town is built on the slopes of, and in the valley formed by two hills, and is well sheltered from all winds. The district is mountainous and the climate mild and very salubrious. The mean maximum tem- perature during the hottest month is 76 F., the mean minimum temperature during the coldest month 43 F., and the mean annual temperature 60 F. The mean annual rain- fall is 36 inches, with 116 wet days. Sea-bathing ; fishing ; boating ; pier. Post and Telegraph Office. SPECIAL INDICATION : Consumption. SEASON : Throughout the year. HOTELS : The " Commercial," the " Pier," the " Great Southern ; " also Silk's and Woollett's boarding-houses. EDITHBUEGH, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 50 miles (by steamer) S.W. from Adelaide, a fashionable watering-place, pleasantly situated on the eastern shore of Yorke's Peninsula. The mean annual rainfall is nearly 18 inches. Sea-bathing; fishing ; boating ; pier ; sea-beach. Post and Telegraph Office ; Literary Institute. EXCURSION : Troubridge Island, with lighthouse (4rn.) HOTELS : The " Edithburgh," the " Troubridge," " Tem- perance Hotel " with 50 rooms. ELPHINSTONE. VICTORIA, 1,365 feet above sea-level, 70 miles (by rail) N.W. from Melbourne, pleasantly situated on the slope of a hill, commanding extensive and picturesque views of Mount Alexander, and the surrounding country, which is elevated and undulating ; climate very salubrious. Good fishing. Post and Telegraph Office. EXCURSION : Coliban Water Falls, a romantic spot. HOTEL : " Lonsdale's." EMU PARK, QUEENSLAND. See HEWITTVILLE. EVANDALE, TASMANIA, about 1,000 feet above sea- level, 13 miles (by rail) S.E. from Launceston, and 38 miles from the coast, pleasantly situated on the South Esk river, amidst beautiful scenery ; from the absence of hills, much exposed to winds. The climate is dry and very bracing. 38 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. Shooting ; fishing ; boating. Post and Telegraph Office ; Public Library. EXCURSIONS : " Corra Linn," (6m.) ; the White Hills or Breadalbane (5m.) ; the Nile river (7m.) ; Hunter's mills. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : For Convalescents. DOCTOR : Dr. C. H. Elliott, who is the proprietor of 6 F. (8.) WAIPAKAHI SPRING, the waters of which have a sulphurous character. Analysis. Salts, soluble in water, 6'16grs ; Salts, soluble in acids, 3'08grs. ; Silica, 12-33grs. ; total salts, 21'57grs. in one gallon ; loss by ignition, 4-65grs. ; reaction, slightly acid ; mineral matters per pint, 2'8grs. Temperature. From 98 F. to 120 F. AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 105 (9.) TE HUKAHDKA SPRING (Wairakei Geysers), the waters of which are of a sulphurous character. Analysis. Salts, soluble in water, 3'09grs.; Salts, soluble in acids, 4'62grs. ; Silica, 6'10grs. ; total salts, 13'81grs. in one gallon ; loss by ignition, 3'08grs. ; reaction, slightly acid ; mineral matters per pint, l'8gr. Temperature. 116 F. (10.) OTUMUHIKA [a] SPRING ; the waters of this spring are of a sulphurous nature. Analysis. Salts, soluble in water, 5'28grs. ; Salts, soluble in acids, - 74gr. ; Silica, 7 - 86 grs. ; total salts, 13'88grs. in one gallon, or 1'5 gr. of mineral matters per pint ; loss by ignition, 3'47grs. per gallon ; reaction, faintly acid. Temperature. From 100 F. to 150 F. (11.) OTUMCHIKA [>] SPRING, the waters of which are of a sulphurous character. Analysis. Salts, soluble in water, 13'88grs. ; Salts, soluble in acids, 4 - 31grs. ; Silica, 9'25grs. ; total salts, 27*44 grains in one gallon ; loss by ignition, 3'08grs. ; re- action, faintly acid ; mineral matters per pint, 3'4grs. Temperature: 150 F. (12.) OTUMDHIKA [c] SPRING, the waters of which have a sulphurous character. Analysis. Salts, soluble in water, 3'85grs. ; Salts, soluble in acids, l'69gr. ; Silica, 2'94grs. ; total salts, 8 - 48grs. in one gallon ; loss by ignition, l'54gr. ; reaction, faintly acid ; mineral matters per pint, l'2gr. Temperature. 78 F. (13.) OTUMUHIKA [rf] SPRING (Acacia), contains 3*9grs. of mineral matters per pint ; reaction, feebly alkaline. Temperature. 136 F. (14.) ROTOKAWA, OB BLACK WATER SPRING, contains 17'8grs. of mineral matters per pint ; reaction, acidic. Temperature. 192 F. 106 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RE80BT8. (15.) RoTOKAWA, OR YELLOW WATER SPRING, Contains 22grs. of mineral matters per pint ; reaction, acidic. Temperature. 152 F. (16.) PIROIRORI, OR WHITE WATER, at Wairakei, contains l'8gr. of mineral matters per pint ; reaction, alkaline. Temperature. \IZ P. (17.) McPHERSON's SPRING, at Lofley's Gully, contains l'9gr. of mineral matters per pint ; reaction, feebly alkaline. Temperature. 96 F. (18.) THE COLD STREAM, at Lofley's Golly, contains l'3gr. of mineral matters per pint ; reaction, feebly alkaline. Temperature. 76 F, (19.) THE WARM STREAM, at Lofley's Gully, contains 2'8grs of mineral matters per pint ; reaction, feebly alkaline. Temperature. 114 F. (20.) KOKOWAI SPRING, at Lofley's Gully, is a feebly saline water, and contains 2grs. of mineral matters per pint. Temperature. 104 F. (21.) A. C. BATH, No. 1, at Waipahihi, is a water of a chlorinated saline character, and contains 4'7grs. of mineral matters per pint. Temperature. 110 F, (22.) A. C. BATH, No. 2, at Waipahihi, is of a saline character and contains 5'7grs. of mineral matters per pint. Temperature : 146 F. (23.) TEA-TREE SPRING, at Waipahihi, an alkaline silicious water, containing much Silicic Acid, but changing rapidly on exposure to the atmosphere, and becoming alkaline. Mineral matters per pint, 13'4grs. Temperature : 170 F. (24.) WAIPAHIHI STREAM, a saline water, containing 8'6 grs. of mineral matters per pint. Temperature : 98 F. AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 107 EXCURSIONS : Mount Tauhara, an isolated wood-covered mountain, 3,000 feet high (4m.); Maori settlement on left bank of Waikato river ; Glen Lofley and Lofley's Baths (l^m.); the celebrated Crow's Nest Geyser, a raised funnel of silica, 10 feet high, presenting the appearance of a bird's nest (1m.) ; near the Crow's Nest is " The Witches' Cauldron," a large boiling spring, covered with a dense cloud of steam ; the " Big Ben," one of the most remarkable boiling red clay springs in the district ; the Huka Falls and Wairakei Geysers (6m.); the famous " Steam Hammer ;" the Tuhuatahi and Terekereke Geysers ; Karapiti, the famous fumarole ; Kotokawa (Bitter Lake), with extensive sulphur deposits, 8 miles N.E., swarm- ing with water fowls ; Lake Taupo, or Moana, 1,250 feet above sea-level, measures 24 miles by 18 miles ; Tokano, a settlement at the southern end of the lake ; Tongariro (6,500 ft.), a volcano, 12 miles S. of the lake ; Ruapehu (9,000 ft.), 16 miles further south. HOTELS : The " Lake," being the most frequented ; the " Taupo ;" the " Geyser," at Wairakei ; " Lofley's," at Glen Lofley. There is also a hotel at Tokano. ROUTE : By coach from Napier ; or from Auckland by rail to Oxford, thence coach via Ohinemutu. TE AROHA (PBOV. AUCKLAND), NEW ZEALAND, 350 feet above sea-level, 126 miles by rail (special railway carriages are provided for invalids) S.E. from Auckland, and 36 miles by steamer or coach from Thames, a gold-mining township on the Thames river, at the base of Mt. Te Aroha. The climate is equable, dry, and salubrious. The scenery is exceedingly interesting. Post and Telegraph Office ; Public Library and Reading-room; Domain (40 acres), with Pleasure Grounds and Tennis Courts. There aie a number of springs situated in the centre of the township, 18 in all, of which 15 are hot or tepid, also seven bath-houses, all of which are most comfortably fitted up, and leave nothing to be desired as regards privacy or cleanliness ; also a large building containing private single baths, and a summer house with fountain, providing the mineral water for internal use. These baths are open from 6 a.m. to 10 p m. The waters, which are used both externally and internally, are, with the exception of the sulphur spring (No. 16), saline and feebly alkaline, and strongly charged 108 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. with carbonic acid gas, which is constantly escaping from the springs in large quantities, rendering them effervescent and pleasant. These springs are very similar to those of Vichy (France), Ems (Germany), and Bilin (near Teplitz, Bohemia), and are stated to possess curative properties of a most extraordinary character. BATH No. 1 (9ft. lOin. x 7ft.) is very much used, and is set apart for females ; the water is clear and colourless. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 461-56grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 6O25grs ; Chloride of Potassium, l'72gr. ; Sulphate of Soda, 38'32grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 10'77grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 6'86grs. ; Silica, 7'56grs. ; Alumina and Iron Oxide, traces, or a total of 586'99grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature: 102 F. BATH "No. 2 (9ft. 7in. x 3ft. 5in.) is famous for relieving persons suffering from rheumatism ; a large building with waiting and dressing rooms attached. Analysts (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 426'29grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 6O45grs. ; Chloride of Potassium, l-90gr. ; Sulphate of Soda, 32-67grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 7'12grs.; Carbonate of Magnesia, 4-21grs. ; Silica, 7'12grs. ; Alumina and Iron Oxide, traces, or a total of 539'76grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 112 F. BATH No. 3 (14ft. x 10ft.) is a reservoir of hot, clear, and colourless water, which supplies eight private single baths in a building 200ft distant from it ; this reservoir contains altogether about 15,000 gallons of water. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 429-19grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 60'51grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 32-82grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 7'24grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 4'20grs. ; Silica, 7'21grs. ; Alumina, Iron Oxide, and Potassium, traces, or a total of 541-17grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : From 90 F. to 112 F. AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 109 BATH No. 4 (lift, x 9ft.) is largely used, and has a building erected over the spring ; the water is of a pale yellow colour. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 246'49grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 34-24grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 19-16grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 4-62grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 2'14grs. ; Silica, 5'17grs. ; also traces of Alumina, Iron Oxide, and Potassium; or a total of 311'82grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 92 F. BATH No. 5 (6ft. 7in. x 5ft. Sin ) is largely used, and has a building erected over the spring, the water of which is clear and colourless. Analysts (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 476-58grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 68'77grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 36 - 92grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 6'91grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 3'15grs. ; Silica, 6'lOgrs. .; also traces of Alumina, Iron Oxide, and Potassium ; total, 598'43grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 100 F. BATH No. 6 (4ft. x 9ft.) is largely used, and has a good building erected over the spring, the water of which is clear and colourless. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicrrbonate of Soda, 499-75grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 66'23grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 35-14grs ; Carbonate of Lime, 7'12grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 2'99grs. ; Silica, 7'14grs. ; also traces of Alumina, Iron Oxide, and Potassium ; total, 618-37grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 104 F. BATH No. 7 (7ft. Gin. x 5ft.) is tepid and not much used, although built over. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 444-20grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 67'13grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 34-04grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 7'46grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 4-34grs. ; Silica, 7'01grs. ; also traces of Alumina, 110 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. Iron Oxide, and Potassium ; total, 564-18grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 86 F. SPRING No. 8 is known as the drinking fountain, the water, which is clear and colourless, is freely used by all those suffering from dyspepsia, etc., and affords great relief to many. The fountain is built over the spring, so that the water may be drawn from a tap. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 451-97grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 66'14grs. ; Chloride of Potassium, l-96grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 32'91grs. ; Car- bonate of Lime, 7'47grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 4 - 21grs. ; Silica, 8'GOgrs. ; also traces of Alumina, and Iron Oxide ; total, 573'26grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 109 F. SPRING No. 9. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 30M7grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 41-29grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 22'l6grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 4'94grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 2'61grs. ; Silica, 6'44grs. ; also traces of Alumina, and Iron Oxide ; total, 378'61grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature: 112F. SPRING No. 10. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 276-19grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 35'24grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 19-19grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 4-67grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 2'31grs. ; Silica, 6grs. ; also traces of Alumina and Iron Oxide ; total, 343'60grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 96 F. SPRING No. 11. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 261'44grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 34-69gis. ; Sulphate of Soda, 20'12grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 5'llgrs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 2'56grs. ; Silica, 6-llgrs. ; also traces of AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. Ill Alumina and Iron Oxide ; total, 330'03grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 88 F. SPRING No. 12. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 30O97grs.; Chloride of Sodium, 41 -66grs.; Sulphate of Soda, 22'96grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 5'12grs. ; Carbonate of Mag- nesia, 2-99grs. ; Silica, 7'llgrs. ; also traces of Alumina and Iron Oxide ; total, 380'81grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 88 F. SPRING No. 13, the water of which has a pale yellow colour, is run into No. 5 Bath. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 301'64grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 4O67grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 21 - 86grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 6'llgrs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 3'13grs. ; Silica, 6 - 86grs. ; also traces of Alumina and Iron Oxide ; total, 880'27grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 120 F. SPRING No. 14, the wafer of which has a pale yellow colour, is run into the reservoir (No. 3). Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 321-64grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 42'61grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 23'16grs ; Carbonate of Lime, 7'14grs.; Carbonate of Magnesia, 3'49grs. ; Silica, 6'66grs. ; also traces of Alumina and Iron Oxide ; total, 404'70grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature: 122 F. SPRING No. 15, the water of which is clear and colourless, and largely used for drinking. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 331'76grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 43 llgrs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 22'16grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 6'91grs. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 3-61grs. ; Silica, 7*05grs. ; also traces of Alumina and Iron Oxide ; total, 414 p 60grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Temperature : 139 F. 112 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. SPRING "No. 16, known as the " Sulphur Spring," is a cold spring of an acidic and hepatic character ; sulphur is found in small quantities in the surrounding clay, and strong sul- phuretted hydrogen gas is emitted. Analysts (in grains per gallon) : Sulphate of Soda, l'82gr. ; Sulphate of Lime, 0'61gr. ; Sulphate of Mag- nesia, 0'36gr. ; Sulphate of Alumina and Iron Oxides, 0'20gr. ; Silica, 7'04grs. ; Hydrochloric Acid, free, 1'llgr. ; Sulphuric Acid, 0'21gr. ; total, ll'35grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. SPRING No. 17 is a cold spring ; the water, which is used for bathing the eyes, is rather turbid, owing to the presence of precipitated sulphur. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 9'36grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 2-71grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 3'92grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, 0'64gr. ; Carbonate of Mag- nesia, O27gr. ; Silica, 4-21grs. ; total, 21'llgrs. of mineral matters in one gallon. Also l'4gr. of Sulphuretted Hydrogen. * SPRING No. 18, is a cold soda water spring, clear and colourless. Analysis (in grains per gallon) : Bicarbonate of Soda, 131-72grs. ; Chloride of Sodium, 16-1 2grs. ; Sulphate of Soda, 8-16grs. ; Carbonate of Lime, l'97gr. ; Carbonate of Magnesia, 1-Olgr. ; Silica, 13'14grs ; also traces of Alumina and Iron Oxide ; total, 172'12grs. of mineral matters in one gallon. (Note. Lithia has been found wherever it has been tested for, but only as traces.) SPECIAL INDICATIONS : Efficacious in Gouty and Rheu- matic Affections, Chronic Dyspepsia, Disorders of the Uri- nary Organs, Cutaneous Diseases, Splenic and Hepatic Dis- orders, Diseases due to excess of acidity, Neuralgia, Sciatica. SEASON : Throughout the year. DOCTOR : Dr. A. P. Wright. EXCURSIONS : Te Aroha Mountain, 3,200 feet high, commanding magnificent views ; Matamata ; Waitoa ; Shaftesbury ; also some very fine waterfalls. AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 113 HOTELS: The "Club;" the "Palace;" the " Hot Springs ;" also the " Waverley " boarding-house. (A Company has been formed to establish a first-class Sana- torium at Te Aroha, immediately adjoining the Hot Springs Domain, which is expected to be completed in January, 1888 ; it will be replete with every comfort and convenience for invalids, and capable of accommodating from 15 to 20 visitors.) TENNINGERING, QUEENSLAND.^ MOUNT PERRY. TENTERFIELD, NEW SOUTH WALES, 2,827 feet above sea-level, 475 miles N. of Sydney, and 80 miles from the coast, beautifully situated on a plain, at the head of the river Dumaresq, surrounded by lofty hills. The scenery is magni- ficent, and the climate extremely salubrious. The average annual rainfall is 30-72 inches, with 72 wet days. The mean maximum temperature in the shade in 1885 was 75'3 F., the mean minimum temperature 46-4 F., and the mean tempera- ture GO-9 F. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; School of Arts. DOCTORS : Drs. T. H. Tennant, J. M. Warren. HOTELS: The "Commercial;" "Royal;" " Court House;" " Great Northern;" " Criterion;" " Telegraph." ROUTE : By steamer to Newcastle, thence rail (381m.) ; or by rail direct. TIMARU (CANTERBURY), NEW ZEALAND, 100 miles (by rail) S.W. from Christchurch, and 130 miles ( by rail) N. from Dunedin, an important and flourishing town, at the S. W. end of the Ninety Mile Beach, the shipping port of an extensive agricultural district. Hospital ; Post and Telegraph Office ; Mechanics' Institute ; Theatre Royal. EXCURSION : Mt. Cook, with Alpine scenery and climate (by rail to Fairlie Creek, thence by conveyance via Lakes Tekapo, Pukaki, and Ohau). HOTELS: The "Royal;" the "Club;" the " Clarendon ;" the "Criterion;" the "Grosvenor;" the "Queen's;" the " Timaru;" the " Commercial." DOCTORS : Drs. H. V. Drew, J. Ewart, R. B. Hogg. 1 14 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. TOOWOOMBA, QUEENSLAND, 1,921 feet above sea- level, 100 miles (by rail) W. from Brisbane, and 80 miles from the coast, the most important town on the western slope of the main range on the Darling Downs, the so-called " Garden of Queensland." The climate is very fine, cool and bracing ; cool nights in summer ; the winter is rather cold ; the mean maximum temperature in summer is about 82 F. The total rainfall in 1884 was 29 inches, with 95 wet days. Vines and oranges are extensively grown. Hos- pital, Post and Telegraph Office, School of Arts, Theatre, Botanical Gardens. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : General Debility, Convalescence from Fever and Ague. SEASON : From October to April. DOOTOHS : Drs. S. Flood, E. Sheaf. HOTELS : The "Royal;" the "White Horse;" the "Club;" the " Imperial;" the "Commercial;" the "Metropolitan;" " Hennessy's ;" the " Queen's ;" also Daneney's boarding- house. TORQUAY, TASMANIA. See FOKMBY. ULLADULLA, NEW SOUTH WALES, 159 miles (by steamer). S. from Sydney, a small watering-place on the coast, in a dairy-farming and vine-growing district. The country is undulating, and the scenery is varied and pictu- resque. The climate is warm and equable, and the heat in summer is tempered by sea-breezes ; the temperature is fairly moist. The average annual rainfall is nearly 45 inches, with 112 wet days ; the mean temperature is about 65 F., and frosts are almost unknown. Sea-bathing, boating, fish- ing, shooting. Post and Telegraph Office ; School of Arts. EXCURSIONS : Lake Burrill, Lake Conjola, Milton. SPECIAL INDICATIONS : Pulmonary Affections. SEASON : September to April. DOCTOR : Dr. A. S. Ogg, at Milton (4m.) HOTEL : The " Harbour View ;" also Hughes' boarding- house. AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. 115 ULVERSTONE, TASMANIA, 84 miles N.W. of Laun- ceston, a rising sea-side resort at the mouth of the River Leven, on the north coast of the island, in a timber-growing district. The scenery is extremely picturesque, and the climate cannot be surpassed as regards salubrity, but it is not suitable for pulmonary affections Sea-bathing; splendid sea and fresh water fishing (black-fish, herring, lobster, &c.); fair shooting ; boating. Post and Telegraph Office ; Public Library. DOCTOB : Dr. J. McCall, proprietor of a very nice sana- torium with limited accommodation. HOTELS : ' Webb's ;" " Clark's." ROUTE : By steamer direct ; or by rail from Launceston to Formby (82m.), thence coach (12m.) VICTOR HARBOUR (OH PORT VICTOR), SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 81 miles (by rail) S. from Adelaide, a favourite seaside resort, pleasantly situated on the shores of Victor Harbour, a small bight of Encounter Bay. The surrounding country is somewhat mountainous. Jetty (three-quarters of a mile in length) across to Granite Island ; Breakwater, 1,000 feet in length. Sea-bathing ; fishing ; boating. Post and Telegraph Office. DOCTOR : Dr. M. P. O'Leary. HOTELS : The Austral," the " Crown," the " Victor Harbour." VICTORIA, TASMANIA, 20 feet above sea-level, 24 miles (by coach) S. W. from Hobart, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Huon river, surrounded by hills, in a hop and fruit- growing district ; the climate in summer is mild, balmy, and salubrious ; the scenery is exceedingly pretty. Post and Telegraph Office. EXCUHSIONS : See FRANKLIN. HOTEL : The " Picnic." WAIKOUAITI, OR HAWKSBURY (PROV. OTAGO), NEW ZEALAND, 32 miles (by rail) N. from Dunedin, a much frequented watering-place on the east coast of the 116 AUSTRALASIAN HEALTH RESORTS. South Island. Splendid sea-beach ; sea-bathing. Post and Telegraph Office ; Athenaeum ; Oddfellows' Hall. EXCURSION : Goodwood. HOTELS : The " Golden Fleece," the Railway Station." WAIRAKEI (Psov. AUCKLAND), NEW ZEALAND. See TAUPO. WAIUKU (PROV. AUCKLAND), NEW ZEALAND, 40 miles S.E. of Auckland, on the southern shores of Manukau Harbour, in a dairy-farming and fruit-growing dis- trict. The climate is mild and salubrious, and the scenery charming. Post and Telegraph Office ; Public Hall. HOTEL : = g rs - 60. 8 Drachms ounce 3, = grs. 480. 12 Ounces pound K>., = grs. 5760. APOTHECARIES' MEASURE. 60 Minims (in_) make one flnid drachm, = fl. 5. 8 Fluid drachms ounce, = fl. 3. 16 Fluid ounces ,, pint, = O. 8 Pints gallon, = C. EELATION OF THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF THE B. P. TO THE METRIC SYSTEM, AND VICE VERSA. Weights B. P. to Metric weights. 1 Pound = 453-5927 grammes. 1 Ounce = 28-3495 1 Grain = 0-0648 Metric weights to weights B. P. 1 Milligramme = 0*015432 grains. 1 Centigramme = 0-15432 1 Decigramme = 1'5432 ,, 1 Gramme 15-432 1 Kilogramme 2 Ib. 3 oz. 119-8 grs., or 15432-349 grains. ,.. Measures of capacity B.P. to Metric measures. 1 Gallon = 4-543458 litres. 1 Pint = 0-567932 litres, or 567*932 cubic centimetres. 1 Fluid ounce = 0-028397 litres, or 28'397 cubic centi- metres. 1 Fluid drachm = 0-003550 litres, or 3-550. cubic centi- metres. 1 Minim = 0*000059 litres, or 0*059 cubic centimetres. Metric measures to measures B. P. 1 Millimetre = 0-03937 inches. 1 Centimetre = 0-39371 1 Decimetre = 3-93708 1 Metre = 39*37079 or 1 yard 3*37 inches. 1 Cubic centimetre 15-432 grains. 1 Litre = 1-76077 pint, or 1 pint 15 oz. 1 dr. 43 m. (The cubic centimetre is a standard at 4 C. (39 '2 F.) r the grain at 62 F. (16-66 C.). APPENDIX. 183 Ready way to reduce the weights and measures of the B. P. to those of the Metric system, and vice versa. (a.) Grains or minims, multiplied by 6^, give centigrams, thus : 20 grains x 6^ = 130 centigrams, or 1 gram and 30 centigrams, expressed thus 1-30. (b.) Drachms (fluid or dry) multiplied by 4, give grams, thus : 4 drachms x 4 = 16 grams, expressed thus 16. (c.) Ounces (fluid or dry) multiplied by 32, give grams, thus : 4 ounces x 32 = 128 grams, expressed thus 128. (d.) Centigrams multiplied by 2 and divided by 13, give grains or minims, thus : 130 centigrams x 2 = 260 -r 13 == 20 grains. (e.) Grams divided by 4, give drachms (fluid or dry), thus: 1 6 grams -f 4 = 4 drachms. (/.) Grams divided by 32 give ounces (fluid or dry) thus : 128 grams -j- 32 = 4 ounces. NOTE. These rales do not give the exact values, but they are near enough for all practical purposes. SOLE IMPORTERS-J, SILBERBERG & CO,, 36 MARKET STREET, SYDNEY. AGENTS THROUGHOUT THE COLONIES WANTED. 11. E. DOUBLET, 165 CLARENCE STREET, IN" E "5T AND AT Tf ' L for CHAMPAGNE Veuve Clicquot- Ponsardin (the Original Clicquot). French and English tastes. BRANDY PeUisson Pere and Co., Cognac. CLARETS Faure Freres, Bordeaux. CHARTREUSE AND BENEDICTINE, direct from the Monasteries. FRENCH LIQUEURS Vermouth Noilly-Prat, Absinthe Pernod, etc. Importer of French Groceries and Preserves of all sorts; especially such as are suitable for Clubs and first-class Hotels. SPECIALITIES: Gruyere, Camembert, and Roquefort Cheeses; Lombart's Chocolate; C. Say's Paris Tablet Sugar; Real Olive Oil; Peas, Beans, Mushrooms, Asparagus, Prunes, French and American Confec- tioneries, etc. E. DOUBLET, Clarence Street, Sydney. 111. -MJUINA-LAROCHE,* A Stimulating, Restoring, and Aqti-Febrile Vinous-Elixir. FAR SUPERIOR TO ALL ORDINARY QUININE WINES. Qualities. Laroche's Quinine possesses in the highest degree the restoring and invigorating qualities of Quinine, which is the best known medicine for giving tone to the digestive organs ; it succeeds completely in removing languor, weakness, wasting diseases, excessive thinness, retarded convalescence, want of appetite, and disgust at the sight of food ; in fever and ague it is the best specific. Numerous successful trials in the hospitals have proved that it is especially suitable for elderly persons and delicate children, and that it is most effective in cases of gastralgia, dyspepsia, neuralgia, emaciation, lowness of spirits, slow convalescence, illness after confine- ment, chlorosis and scrofula. It is a specific in all cases of fever. The most celebrated Doctors in Paris, Messrs, de Beauvais, Clinical Surgeon at the H6tel-Dieu, Broca, Professor at the Faculte de Me'decine of Paris, Anselmier, Reinvilliers. Veillard, authors of clever scientific works, and others, as well as all the Medical Journals, have in many instances borne witness to the superiority of this pro- duction. Experiments crowned with success at the Ilopital dex Enfant* and at the Hopital de la Vieillcw of Paris, have shown that it is equally valuable for childhood and old age. 1000 grammes of Quina-Laroche contain 13| grammes of Quinine. Also prepared with PHOSPHOR OF IRON, in the proportion of 0~5 cgr. per tablespoon. PARIS 22, RUE DROUOT, 22 PARIS, Pamphlet giving further particulars mailed free on application to E. DOUBLET, Agent for Australasia, 165 Clarence Street, To be had of all the principal Chemists & Druggists in the Colonies. Greatest Discovery of tip 19th Century. A lovely Bath and Toilet Waiter will be obtained by using Hyqieni arid Cosmetic for beautifying and softening the Skin -. Sold by all Chemists, Perfumers, and Drapers. '.KBONDSTLONDON (MALUS.CORONARIA) MADE ONLY BY THE CROWN I77,NEWBONDST.LONDON SOLD EVERYWHERE. Ask for a Sample! Askjfor a Sample! Sole Wholesale Agents: ARTHUR JOSEPH & CO., 250 PITT STREET, SYDNEY. MEDICAL ACCOUJMT BOOK FOR AUSTRALIAN PRACTITIONERS. A Book of Handy Size, consisting of 200 Double Pages, Strongly Bound with Leather Back and Corners. SAVES LABOUR, TIME, AND MONEY. ITS ADVAJTTAOBS ARE: 1. The book will last for years. 2.- It may be commenced or closed at any time. 3. One entry of each patient's name and address suffices for a month of practice. 4. Each day's services are noted in separate columns, without danger of errors or omissions. 5. The charges and payments are carried to the monthly total column, on the same page and if added together, show the total value of the prac- tice for each month. 6. Each account is posted at a moment's notice, and may be exhibited item for item, or as a total, without delay. 7. The book is furnished with an alphabetical index, for registering names of patients, with current number, or folio of entry. 8. No other book need be kept. Postage paid to nil parti of Australia and New Zealand (Queensland excepted), provided your order is accompanied tcith remittance. PRICE, ONLY 176. parti of Australia and Xetc Zealand (Q led your order is accompanied tcith remit TO QUEENSLAND 2ls. Postage Paid. BRUOK'S NEW MEDICAL LEDGER Specially prepared for the use of AUSTRALIAN PRACTITIONERS, Js the most Simple and Practical Ledger euer issued in the interest of the Profession. Ik is a book of handy fize (10 x 7j inches), containing 500 numbered pages, provided with a Letter Index, and substantially bound. IT'S. Postage paid to all parts of Australia and J\'etc Zealand (Queensland executed). TO QUEENSLAND, 21s. Postage Paid. VI. THE MEDICAL PRACTITIONER'S Showing at a glance the Folio of Ledger, Name and Address of Debtor, Com mencemeut of Attendance, Amount of Account, when Rendered, when given to Collector, when Paid, &c. A book of handy size, consisting of 100 pages, well bound. ". 4s. OX5. Postage paid to all the Colonies (Queensland excepted). To Queensland, 5s. Postage Paid. BURROUGHS' POCKET DUPLICATE PR/ESCRIPTION BOOKS, In handsome cover. :PZRIO:E] OISTLTT is. lE-A-on, Postage paid to all the Colonies (Queensland excepted). To Queensland, Is. 3d. Postage Paid. L. BRUCK, MEDICAL PUBLISHER, 35 CASTLEREAGH STREET, SYDNEY. AMBULANCE HANDBOOK: Accidents and their Treatment, Aids in cases of Injuries, Sudden Illness, &c.,'&c., with 75 illustrations. Compiled by G. P. M. WOODWARD, M.D., F.R.C.S.I., and issued by the Commissioner for N.S.NV. Railways. Bound in red leather. Price, 2s. Postage, 6d. THE MALE GENERATIVE FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. By ALEXANDER PATERSON, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.S.E. Bound in cloth. Pi-ice, 5s. Postage paid. + L. BRUCK, UVE E ID I C .A. L UP TJ IB IL, I S H IE IR, 35, CASTLEREACH STREET, SYDNEY. TO. UNIQUE HEALTH RESORT! THE undersigned are prepared to accommodate two or three ladies or gentlemen in weak health, ou their comfortable, well-found, schooner-yacht, the " Moeeyan," now working the Dugong fishing-grounds in the secluded bays and estuaries of the Queensland coast. The wife of the senior partner is on board, and the benefits of cultured society, home comforts, boating, fishing, stiooting, natural history research, Divine Service on Sunday, piano, &c., may be enjoyed. Indeed, without exagger- ation, the life is charming, and most healthful. A large portion of the food is prepared with Dugong Stearine, and as they have had many years' experience in the industry and its adjuncts, they are in a position to offer the best diet, attention, &c., than can possibly be obtained in special cases. The Hon. J. INGLT* (Minister for Education, N.S.W.), spent some weeks at one of their stations, and devoted a chapter to them in his entertaining book Our Aut- tralian Cousins, and attention is particularly invited to the condensed report of the Hon. Dr. HOBBS' lecture on Elaiopathy, to be found on page 6 of the pamphlet Dunheved Island, of which they will be pleased to send a copy, if desired, gratis. Terms for guests are moderate, and can be obtained on application. If required, quarters are available for an invalid's servant, and if such an one makes himself or herself generally useful the charge would be nominal. It is also proposed to establish a sanatorium for invalids on Dunheved Island. J. LIONEL CHING & COMPANY, From LAUXCESTOX, COHXWALL. Manufacturers of Ching's Dugong Oil and " Infallible " Ointment. ESTABLISHED 1873. 22 Prize Medals and Certificates. BUSINESS ADDRESS -247 GEORGE ST., SYDNEY (OVER p. & o. COMPANY'S OFFICES). NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD. :K:-A_:ES:E::R,:ILIO:H: iDETJ-rsorHiE: :E>OST_ IMPERIAL GERMAN MAIL. Passengers are carried according to the requirements of the English Passenger Acts of 1855 and 1863. MONTHLY LINE OF DIRECT STEAMERS FROM SYDNEY, MELBOURNE, and ADELAIDE, TO SOUTHAMPTON, ANTWERP, and BREMEN, via COLOMBO, Aden, Suez, and Genoa, taking Passengers for London, Connecting from PORT SAID by DIRECT MAIL and PASSENGER LIXE to 'BRINDISI. Taking Cargo and Passengers for all Leading Ports of EUROPE, COLOMBO, CHINA, JAPAN, and AMERICA. Passengers and Cargo booked through to New York, via Southampton. Passages from Unite \ Kingdom and Europe can be paid here. For FREIGHT, PASSAGE, and all further particulars apply to FINCK. & BETZ, Limited, Ag-ents, 6, O'CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY. via. o. & oo., 8 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, M)LE AGENTS FOR .ULLIEBE RICHLY ]R|coMMENOE BY THE MEDICAL NUTRITIOUS; RETAINED AND DIGESTED WHEN ALL ^JBTHtRKlNDSOF-FOOD ARE RE'rGTED.ATAlLCBEHISTS IK] ^* . 108* 20 orBOTTLES G ARNOLD BBRIOUS" PAUL LIEBE'S ISoluble Food FOR INFANTS, the best substitute for Mother's Milk. Very nutritiors, re- tainer! aud digested when all other kinds of Food are rejected. Recently many medical authorities reject all those foods as powders, flours, condensed milk, grits, &c., &c., as containing too large a quantity of carbo-hydrates (sugar, dextrine, starch), and being therefore improper, under circumstances even harmful to infants. The rejKdt of the session of the German Association for Public Hygiene, of September 9, 1878, says : ' In consequence of preponderant feeding with carbo-hydrates, characteristic symptoms of fattening are observed ; the body grows swollen, pale, and aqueous ; its seems fat and thick, but is not strong." OIF 53 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, June 11, 1885. DEAR SIR, In answer to yours of the 9th irst., requesting my professional opinion of PAUL LIEBK (LIKBIG'S) SOLUBLE FOOD FOR INFANTS, I may state that I have been prescribing it for the last eighteen months, and have found it one of the best of foods for wasting diseases of children, vomiting and diarrhoea generally ceasing after the food has been taken for a few days, also as an adjunct to the milk where children require to be reared by the bottle. It contains all the com- ponent parts of teeth, and children, when fed on this food, as a rule do not suffer in teething. For patients suffering from gastric ulcers, carcinoma of the stomach, or excessive irritability of the mucous coats of the stomach, it is invaluable, very easily digested and absorbed ; and I have found from experience that the last days of apatieut suffering from cancer of the stomach, was materially relieved, as no ejections from the stomach took place after commencing this food. In giving you this letter I consider I am conferring a benefit to the public, and you may use this communi- cation as a testimonial from me. I am, Sir, yours truly, Wit MORRIS, F.F.P.S.G. To Mr. G. ARNOLD, 8 Bridge Street, Sydney. Double Bay, May 21, 1885. DEAR SIR, I have been using your LEIBIG'S SOLUBLE FOOD for some time for my infant, and have much pleasure in expressing my high recommendation of it. Having tried several different infants' food. I have found none of them agree so well as LIEBIG'S, and from the first bottle we have not had any further trouble. I consider it the best substitute for mother's milk. I am, yours truly, MELBOURNE GREEN. IX. G. ARNOLD & CO., 8 BRIDGE STREET. PAUL LIEBE UN LIKE OTHERS DOES NOT FERMENT WHOLESALE AGENT 8 BR1DQE STREET, SOLE AQENTS FOR Ziiebe'S Extract Of Malt, pure, concentrated in vacuo, and unfermented, prepared of the best malted Barley according to Baron J. v. LIEBIG'S principles, containing unimpaired the starch-digesting Dias- tase and the Albuminoids, the latter in an easily assimilable form. Recommended in Catarrhal Affections of the Chest and Throat, as well as to weak persons, and in Scrofula. Makes starchy foods easily digestible. Xiiebe's Extract of Malt with Cod Liver Oil, an emulsion of equal parts of Malt Extract and Cod Liver Oil ; introduced by Dr. N. S. DAVIS. President of the American Medical Association, Chicago. A palatable and easily assimilable substitute for Cod Liver Oil. be's Soluble Leg'Uminose (cooked flour of vegetable albumen), easily digestible and strengthening, requires no boiling. More advantageous than Lentilla, Revalenta, common Leguminose, &c. To be used in every case when the alimentation of the body is to be obtained by means of the smallest possible volume of food (convalescence, phthisis, stomach-ache,