THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY- OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES GIFT OF Professor Harry F. Williams (Soetfye. Hermann unb X)orotfyea WITH A LIFE OF THE AUTHOR IN GERMAN, APPENDICES, GERMAN EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, NOTES, AND VOCABULARY JULIANNE A. ROLLER, M.A. FEANKLIN HIGH SCHOOL, PORTLAND, OREGON Goethe's heart, which few knew, was as great as his intellect, which all knew. JUNO STILLING. ALLYN AND BACON ISoston Weto f|0rk Ci COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY JULIANNE A. ROLLER. Nortoooli press J. S. Gushing Co. Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. ITcciner ZTiutter 2051004 THIS edition of ^ermann unb )orotf)ea has been prepared with the special aim of bringing this classic within easy reach of high school pupils, even those in the two-year course. For this reason the vocabulary and notes have been made especially complete. There are also German questions based on the text, exercises for linguistic drill, and sentences for translation into German. The text has been revised in orthography and punctuation to conform to modern standards ; a few emendations and minor omissions have been made to render the work more suitable for high school use. Appendices contain a selection of quotable lines, a treatment of the sources, setting, and literary value of the poem, a discussion of the language and meter, and a brief bibliography. A life of Goethe in simple German using the vocabulary of the text and enlivened by interesting pictures is given in the Introduction. The eight handsome full-page half-tones illustrating the text proper are reproductions of the work of Baron Arthur von Eamberg (1819-75), one of the most suc- cessful illustrators of this epic. vi PREFA CE Reproductions of the beautiful paintings of the Muses by Edward Simmons which adorn a corridor in the Library of Congress at Washington head the various cantos. The use of these pictures was made possible through the courtesy of Curtis and Cameron of Boston, the publishers of the Copley prints. J. A. R. PORTLAND, OREGON. July 4, 1917. CONTENTS )er PAGE Introduction (2)ie Ginteitung : oetlje Der 2Kann itnb ber 2)i(f)ter) .......... ix Elegy (Sie (glegie) ........ 3 Text (3>er Sejct) ........ 9 Notes (2)ie Slnmerfungen) ....... 145 Appendices (S)ie 2lnf)ange) ...... 201 A. Quotations (Die Bitate) ..... 201 B. Literary Value (Stteravifcfjer SBert) . . .210 C. Sources (2)te CueUen) ...... 217 D. Background (S)er intergrunb) .... 232 E. The Text (2)er ert) ...... 237 F. Bibliography (Die 33tbUograpl)ie) . . .260 G. Questions on the Text (gragen iibet ben Xert) . 265 H. Exercises (itbungen) ...... 282 Vocabulary (2>a8 SSorterwerjeicfjnis) .... 1 ILLUSTRATIONS )te oetl)e (Don 3ager) ...... Frontispiece PAGE granffurt am SJiain ........ ix granffurt : ba oet^eh,au ...... xi granlfurt : ber Corner . . . . . . xii granffurt : 9tatf)au itnb Xurm ..... xiii Vlll ILL US TRA TIONS i'AQB Berber xv traftburg : ba 9Jiu'nfter . , xvii SBeimar : ba oetf)eb,an xix SBeimar : ba artenfyaus xxi (Efyriftiane $u(piit$ xxii djitter xxiv 2Bo oetfje ,,ilber alien ipfeln" fdjrieb .... xxv oetl)e (won Xrippel 33u'fte) xxvi talltope 9 Unter bent Jore bed anfe ft^enb . . . facing 10 Serpfidjore 24 9?ebenb,er aber ging mit ftarfen djritten ein 2)idb= d)en facing 2(i s Mnd)en fag am $Iaoier ; e >uar bet sBater ^ugegen 38 2b,alta .......... 43 (Suterpe . 51 adjte fdjlid) fie tjinan unb riib,rt' tb,m leife bie d)itl- ter facing 54 ^Poti)b,t)mnia 67 filio 83 @ie b,at bie ^nppe getmrfett .... facing 91 Srato 103 ,,i'aJ3 mid) trinfen," fagte baranf ber tjeitere 3u'ng= ling facing 10H 2)fe(pomene 117 frmgfam fd)ritt fte fyinab, anf feinen d)nttern bie anbe facing 122 Urania 124 ,,icr ift," fagf er, ,,ein SKabdjen, fo roie 3b,r im aufe fie ttmnfdjet" facing 128 Die (Eirtlettung. oetlje >er 9Jlann unb bcr $td)ter. ?Mi!icit'o ttttb (Srjiefyung. 28. 2litguft 1749 mittagei mtt bem (M(ocfenfcf)Iage fom id) in ^ranffurt am 2ttain oiif bie SBett," ^rattffurt am ItTain. fc^retbt ^o^ann Solfgang oetfye in feiner Slutobtogra- pt)ie }id)tung itnb SSa^rb,eit. Sein 33ater r -3l) at m ,^afpar oetb^e, mar ein rood' ^abenber, gebiibetev 3Rann, ber Diet geretft tt)ar unb ftdd Dcr ZTTann unb ber ZHcftter. feljr f"r toft unb 2Biffenfd)aft tntereffierte. Cbgteid) er -$urift mar, Ijatte er e(b genug, ofyne arbeiten }u braudjen. Sein $ater luar Sdjneiber unb 3Birt geiuefen, fein rojftater @d)mieb. (Sr gd)6rte atfo ,,ber Piaffe s ber 9)?en[d)en, bie man bte niebere nennt, bie aber fitr ott bie t)od)fte ift/' tote oetf)e fie bejeid^net. ^afpar ttmrbe aber toot)! er^ogen, reifte in unb erbte einen fdjonen ^aufen @elb. (Sr faufte fid) ben Xitel ,,!atferlid)en ^at" unb tttofynte fef)r 10 bel)ag(id) in bem gro^en atten aufe fetner Sautter. oet^eg Gutter mar einunb$tDanstg Qaljve jitnger at^ ber 33ater unb nur ad)t^e()n 3 a ^) re filter ate Solfgang. @ie niar em I)eitere, frotjtidje^ 9J?abd)en aucs etner ber erften ^amtlten ^yranffurt^. $f) r 33ater, ^o^^" SSoIf- 15 gang ertor, mar ber @d)ult()ei^ ber Stabt. G^ luaren atfo in oett)e bie beiben Stanbe tiereinigt, bie bie ^traft be^ beutfrfjen 93otfe^ bitben. 3Ba^ er feinen (Sttern tier* banft, fagt er in ben fdjbnen ^erfen: ,,$>om Sater I)ab' id) bie Statitr, 20 !J)e Seben ernfteS gtil) reit 5>om 9)iiitterd)en bie ^ro^natur Unb ?uft jit fabutteren." 33on fed)S Hinbern iDud)fen uur oetl)e unb eine urn etn 3al)r jitngere <2d)iuefter auf. @oett)e Hebte biefe 25 d)iuefter Gornetta jarttid). Dcr tnabe war fc^r oft jugegen unb tntereffiertc fief) fet)r fitr bie SWoIcrct. ie alte freie JRci^ftabt ^ronffurt bot and) niet 3n- 10 tcrcffonte* fitr tunft unb @efd)td)te. er tnabe ging gern fpa^ieren, burcf) bie olten Strain, i'tber bie Wam- britde, neben bent -^lufec unb auf ber 3ftauer. ^itr bie alten ebiiube, bie iiirrfjen unb befonber^ ba* intereffierte er fid) fet)r. urtb xin Nathalie ober $Kbmer, trie man e nannte, ging er oft. >ier benntnberte er ben <2aal, tro fein roft- rater Xe^tor ale Sdniltfyeijj fa^ unb ben ^Jaunt, tro bte ^laifer bee Ijeiligen rdtnifrfjen $Reid)e ge!ront trurben. (Sine trirflicfye ^ronung fal) er aud) im Qafyt 1764, ales ^ranffurt: Hattjaus unb Surm. II gelront trurbe, itnb allee trar gldnjenb unb granjofen brac^ten au^ etn franjtJfifc^eS f)eater mit fief) nad) granlfurt. ^aju l)atte oet^e freien intritt, unb er gtng beinafje jeben ag. $ier lernte 10 er bie fran$6fif!i)en !Dramen fennen, tra^ fel)r bebeutenb fitr fein fimfttgee eben trar. S)iefe Siebe gu bem Crania unb ber ^3itl)ne trurbe fc^on einige ^a^re rorljer burcfj ein 2^eil)nad)tegefc^en! xiv (Boetfye Der ITCann unb ber Dtdjter. ber guten (9ropmutter erwedt. etc liefi ben &inbern ein i^uppenfpiet norftetten, uiefdjetf, une (^oetfje fagre, ,,in bem often >aufe eine neue 4BeIt erfdjuf." iefe Heine 33iif)ne blieb and) lange @oett)e0 Vieblingsfpiel^eug. s er Xrieb jur iSrjd^tung nnb ^td)tung iriurbe and) fef)r friit) Don ber (ebfjaften, jitngen Gutter ennerft. Sie erja^Ite @e(d)td)ten fe^r gerne, unb ber ^nabe l)brte tmmer eifrig ^u. Cft er^aljlte fie bte efd)id)te nidjt ]n (Snbe unb uberlte^ bem ^?naben bte 3?ol(enbung. 2o loerregte unb begeifterte fie feine ^{jantafie. X"iefe @e= fd)id)ten raieberljolte er gerne ben naben, mtt benen er fpielte, unb ,,bte Suft ^u fabulieren" luurbe tag ltd) ftarfer. @d)on al$ 3Wb'Ifj;aI)riger nabe fd)rieb er eine e* fd)id)te, bie au^ 39riefen in fie ben pradjen beftanb. 15 Stumer >eutfd), ^talientfd), gran^bfifd), Cateinifd) unb riedjifd) I)atte er je^t aud) (Snglifd) unb ebraifd) geternt. (5r ia* aud) fd)on bte beften SSerfe alter ^iteraturen. J)ie 33ibel unb bte atten 3?o(f^biid)er rei$ten if)n befon- aober^. 33on ben neueren SBerfen war ^lopftocfd 9)?ef* f ia^ fein ^iebting. gr (a^ e immer wteber unb lernte e^ beina^e aMinenbig. S3ie((etd)t I)at er tion biefem SBerfe bte Dletgung junt fdjonen Aerometer gefafet, ben er fpater fo pra'djtig in ermann unb !t)orott)ea ss&ertoenbet Ijat. 211^ oet^e fed)jel)n Qofyn alt tt>ar, murbe er auf bie UniDerfitat ju Seipjtg gefdjicft, urn nad) bem Sunfd)e feineS 33ater^ 3u r ^P r uben^ ^,u ftubieren. Gr l)atte aber fiir biefe^ tubium njenig 3ntereffe unb befd)dftfgte fid) 30 befonbers mit ^iteratur, fJtoturnriffettfdjaft unb unft. $n Seipsig (ernte er ben !t)ireftor ber &unftafabemte, Slbam griebrid) Cefer (1717-1799), !ennen. Cbg(eid) oett)e fein Staler nmrbe, mad)te i{)n Cefer bodj mit 3ugcrtb unb XV ben antifen &un[ttt>erfen befannt. ,,Die eble (ginfatt unb bie [title ($rbfle" ber Slntife b,atten eine ftarfe SBirfung auf ben jungen Stubenten. 3u btefer Veip^tger Qeit get)bren [eine er[ten Dratnen, bie nod) erfyalten [inb: Die Saune be$ 33er*s tiebten (1767) unb Die 2ftit[d)uf bigen (1768). $n e[cf)ma(f unb gorm [inb beibe fran^b[i[c^. ie [tetten aber bar, tua^ ber Dicfjter [etb[t ertebt b,at, unb [inb bet)alb, mie bie ntei[ten [einer SSer!e, einer gro^en $onfef[ion." (gomnter 1768 fetjrte oetb.e franf nac^ btieb er bt^ sum ^rittjling 1770. rei[te er nad) urn bort auf ber Unioerfitat mtt [einer juri[ti[ct)en @tu= 15 bien [ortjufaljren. Die Unioer[itat b,atte fei= nen gro^en (Sinftu^ auf ifyn, aber ?eute unb ^unft urn [o mefyr. ^>ier ternte er2 ben [^on beriib.mten ler unb ^rebiger, ott[rieb Berber (1744- 1803), fennen. Cbgteid) bie[er nur fitnf 3atjre alter 25 mar, mar er Diet reifer unb erfafyrener. (Sr tetjrte oetf)e nic^t nur Corner, C[[ian unb @b,afe[peare rennen unb [i^a^en, [onbern 30 fitr beutft^e Hun[t unb e- 6r ^eigte i^m aud) bie <2d)bnf)eit be^ Berber. mecfte au^ [ein [d)tcf)te. unb [eine 23ebeutung fiir bie (Sine [djb'ne xvi oetfye Der Ulann unb 6cr ZHcfyter. biefer Vetjre ^erbertf ift ba prcidjttge 3?olf$lieb $ e t benrbslein, ba aud) feine neue Vtebe entbecft: ,,@al) etu &nab' etn 9to8lein ftefyn, 3l68lein auf ber etbeu, 2Bar fo jung unb morgeitfcfyon, Sief er idjnett, e nat) jit fe^n, mtt uielen greuben. , 9tolein, 9to$Ietn rot, auf ber >eiben. fprad): ,3d) bred)e bid), 9iotein auf ber eiben ! ' 9J5Iein fprad): ,3d) fted)e bid), 2)a bit erotg beufft an mid), llnb id) mill's nid)t leiben!' 15 jRoSletn, 9?oletn, 9foIein rot, auf ber eiben. ,Unb ber twlbe Inabe brad) ' 9toeitetu auf ber ^eibeu. tueljrte fid) unb ftad), ih,m bod) Fein 28el) unb Id tben leiben. Stosfein, ^belein, 9ib'(ein rot, auf ber etben." gottf^e 33auhmft lernte oettje buvd) ba Straj?- 25 burger 9)?itnfter fennen. !Dtefe fd)bne Htrd)e geftel tt)m fefjr unb ertjdljte feme 9?etgung fur atteS !Deutfd)e. 9^td)t ber gertngfte (iinfluB ouf oetlje tt?ar feme tek gu grtebertfe, bte fdjone Xod)ter bed ^farrer^ ^rton iu ber fkinett tabt efeu^etm nafye bet ^trapurg. 3I)re 3oeftatt trttt tior und at retd)en in ftauft, a(d (5(ar- d)en in Crgtnont unb in mand)en ^itgen liefer Siebe oerbanfen ttrir au|er bem ^ I etn aud) eine 9ietb,e ber fdjbnften ti)rifd)en ebid)te, womit bie neue beutfdje ?t)rtf loirfltd) beginnt. (Sine unb xvn Strafiburij : bas lltiinfter. ber fc^bnften tft ba^ 9)?ottieb, ba mit ben SSerfen begtnnt: ,,2Bte t)ervltd) (euri)tet m\i- bieSlotur! 25>ie flliin^t bie Semite! 5 fflMe iacijt bie ftlitv! xviii <>oetfye Dcr ZTTann unb ber Dichter. ( bringen Sliiten 3lu jebem Broeig, tlnb taufenb timmen 3tu bem eftraud), 5 ,,Unb greub' unb 2Bomte 3lu3 jeber Sruft. O @rb', o @onne ! O lfl(f , o ?uft !" 3u einer ^etrat fonttte fief) (Soett)e aber nicfyt 10 gen unb ertie grtebertfe nnb Strapburg im 1771, nm fic^ al Slboofat in f einer 53aterftabt nieber^u- (affen. gr befiimmerte fid) aber fefyr roenig nm ^uri^ pruben^, ; ba itberliep er feinem $ater, iDdfjrenb er fid) mit ber !Did)tung befdjafttgte. 15 Um grd^ere praftifd)e (5rfal)rung 511 gerotnnen, ^og er im 3ttl)re 1772 nad) SBefetar, lt)o ba 9?eid)efammergeric^t mar. Segen einer graven s Dleigung 31: db,ar(otte 33uff, ber 53raut feine^ greunbe^, ^o^a^n fteftnerft, ttertie^ er Senior nac^ Dier 9)?onaten unb fe^rte nac^ granffurt 20 ^uritcf . !5)urc^ ba >rama d^ Don 4BerIid)ingen (1773) wurbe er ploljlid) ber erfte idjter ^eutfcb.tanb^ unb burd) ben 9?oman Die Ceiben be^ jungen SSer = t^er (1774), ber erfte id)ter (Suropa. 25 b^ folgt Sfyafefpeare in ^orm. (5^ ift ba$ erfte gro^e gefdjic^ttic^e Drama Deutfd)(anbe. Seine f)efti* gen jenen au bem DJhttetatter feiern ben eift ber Xreue, ber Siebe ber greiljeit, unb ber Jatigfeit. SBertfyer jeigt bagegen bie traumerifdje unb etroa3 3 o friinftic^e Sentimentatitat ber >$nt. ^ierin b,at oet^e jum Xeile feine 3?eigung ^u gfyarlotte Suff bargeftetlt. Heife unb Ulter. XIX JRctfc unb Sitter. )a ber junge ^tdjter jet beriifymt roar, befttdjten if)tt tie(e greunbe unb bebeutenbe Seute. !l)er roiditigfte unter biefen roar arl Sluguft (1757-1828), ber junge ^er^og oon arf)fen-9S?eitnar. Sluf feiner (Sintabung ging oetlje im v jjot>ember 1775 nac^ Seitnar, unb bas blteb er aud) fotange er lebte. IPetmar: bas (Socthehaus. uer fattb er Dtete geiftreid)e, gebUbere ?eute, obg(etd) er fagen mu^te : ift unter ben ^urften ermanienS freiltd) ber meine, unb fdjmat ift fein ?anb, mafeig nur >aS er tiermag." beriif)tnte ^Dtdjter, (Hjriftopt) Martin Stelanb (1733-1813), roar frfjon in SBeimar. Spater fanten cmd) xx (Boetfye Der illann unb 6er Dicfyter. Berber itnb Sd)iller. )er junge ftitrft RW em ebter, inur- biger 5ftann, ben @oetl)e batb Ueben lernte. 3Me Gutter unb bie gran be3 $iirften itmren it)tn aud) feljr freunMid). (Sfjavtotte oon Stein (1742-1827), bie $rau eineS Cffi* an bent ofe, ^atte tte((etd)t ben cjroBten perfontU (Sinflu^ auf t{)n. ie erften 33ii= djer t)on 2Bttt)e(m ^eifterd Cefjrja^ren fallen in btefe eit. (Sr getubfynte fid) aber an taglid)e Slrbett, unb au einent fd)Wanlenben Bungling ift er ein fefter s D?ann geinorben. 5 3m 3af)re 1786 nmrbe tijm ba<< (Mefd)(ift^= unb )of; leben laftig. x Bie fein teb ^eigt, fe^nte er fid) nad) unb grieben. ,,er bit Don bem Stmmet bift, "Me ?etb unb i^merjen jtiUeft, i Xen, ber boppelt etenb ift, Xoppelt mit (Srqutcfnng fitUeft, 3d), id) bin be Xreiben^ mitbc ! xxii (Soetfye Der iHartn unb ber ZHcfyter. joll all ber djmerj ttnb ?uft? lifter grtebe, $omm, ad) fomm in meine 33ruft !" (r madjte alfo bie (angerfefynte 9Jeife nod) flatten. s |)ier nwrbe er nrieber munter unb Better. (*r felbft nennt biefe 3^tt cine ,,33Mebergeburt." $n Wom ternte er bie cmtife funft njirfUd) fetmett. ein ^ntereffe fitr bie gottfdje 53aufitnft, fitr Sfjafc* fpeare unb Offtan oeriDanbette fid) in ^egeifterung fitr 10 bie Slntife, fitr Corner unb op^ofte^. 33on nun an war unb blieb er $laffifer. 2Ba^ er in ^tatien erlebt unb erfatjren ^ot, erjafytt er in feiner ^tadenif^^it 9?eife. 5)ie ^ramen ^p^igenie, Xaffo unb Crgtnont niurben aud) gan 1 , isneu gefdjrieben. Slnbere ^ritdjte biefer 3eit finb bie fd)bnen ebid)te r 9? 5 mi* f d)e (Stegien unb 33ene = ttanifdje (Spigramnte. Slt^ oett)e 1 788 nad) 2o2Beimar ^uriidfe^rte, be- freite ifjn ber erjog Don feinen fd)tr>eren Staat^- bienften. 53on bem antifen eift burd)brungen, fitfjtte 25 er fid) aber fremb in feiner eimat unb unter feinen frufjeren greunben. (Sr niurbe aud) meiter Don bem ^)ofe entfernt burd) 3 o feine SBerbinbung mit 6^ chriftiane tttane SButytuS, etnem tteb= Iid)en iungen 9Wabd)en au^ bem 53otfe. 3S)ie er fie fanb, bef djreibt er in bem f djonen 8iebe efunben: 2vetfe unb filter. xxiii ,,3d) fling im SBalbe o fiir mid) f)tn, Unb nid)t ju fudjen, 2>a mar mein Sinn. ,,3m @d)atten fab, id) (Sin 33liimd)en ftelm, 2Bie @terne lendjtenb, 2Bie &ugfein fdjbn. ,,3d) roottt' e bredjen, 2)a fagt' e fein : 'oil id) jum SBelfen ebrodjen fein?' ,,3d) grub' mit alien 55en SSiirjIein ait, 3um arten tntg id)'8 2tm t)ttbfd)en ,,llnb pftan^t' e8 mieber S 3lm fttUen Ort ; yiun jmeigt eS immer Unb blii^t fo fort." 3m $al)re 1Y94 begamt bte fcf)ijne ^reunbf^aft fcfyen oet^e unb bem gro^en Didjter 5Ttebric^ Don Sdjttfer (1759-1805). bte fiir oetfje ,,em neuer g-rii^mg" roar, tft etne ber frfjottften in ber gan^en efrf)id^te ber tfiteratur. 3 U2 5 mandjem fcfjb'nen Serfe begeifterten fie fic^ aucf). gitr r aftljettfc^e 3^itf(^rift Me or en fcfyrieb oet^e itnb jitfammen fcfjrieben fie bie Xenien, fur^e (Spigramme, niorin fie bie Citeratur unb bie !Dic^ter ber ^eit beitrteiften unb oerfpotteten. 30 Stiller trieb (9oet()e an, feinen Ionian SBHfyefm SOZeifterS Se^rjaljre 311 oollenben (1796). iann xxiv oetfye Dcr Ittann unb ber Dieter. fdjrieb oetfye in furjer $eit mann unb X)orotl)ea. SSiete fdjbne 33attaben ge* l)8ren and) $it biefer ,3eit. s tt Sr tjatte jefet oud) nicfyt me{)r lange jit marten. feinem breiunbarfjtjtgften 3 : ttt) re fproc^ er am 22. 1832 feine le^ten Sorter ,M^ 8tcf)t." 3ur cite feiner greunbe 8(^tUer unb ^art 5lugnft rut)t er in ber 15 gtirftengruft 311 SBeimar. xxvi (Soetfye Der ilTann unb ber Dtditer. itnb Sljarafter. $oet()e mar einer ber ,d)onften banner, bie je getebt fyaben. eine 33itfte, bie im $af)re 1787 sin OJom gemadjt nmrbe, jetgt etnen ^opf, ber fc^b- ner ift, als beu be3 5lpo((o Seine ,3dtgenoffen 10 ben nie miibe, ifyn a(^ dtterbtlb unb 9D?eifter* merf ber S^atur ju fc^il* bern. ,,|)eute tnar etne Stitnbe," fdjreibt $}ie(anb, is ,,it>o id) ifyn in feiner gan^en ^errlidjfeit fafy: (Soethc. ,,3Rit feinem jdjroai^en 2Iiigenpaar, 3aubernbeu SLucjen mit Ootterblicfen, kid) mad)tig ju toten unb 511 ent^iicfen @o trat er unter un& (jerrlic!) unb Ijefyr, (Sin edjter eifterfonig, ba^er. o ^at ftd) nie in ottee SSett Sin 9T?enf(f)enfo^n nne bargefteUt." !Der 3 au ^ er ^ er ^erfon war nidjt grower ati ber 3auber be^ emiite^ unb be< eifte$. Sin ^ reun ^ feiner ^ngenb fogte oon il)m: ,,$a% oetl)e fprad), mar grb^r, a(^ fta^ er fcfjrteb, unb ft>a^ er tebte, grower, tt)a^ er fprad)." 2d)on at^ er fedjeunb^Dan^ig a(t war, fagte einer [einer ^yreunbe: ,,^ie 9Zacf)* sofomnten toerben ftaunen, i>a je fo ein 9J?enfd) mar." or: ,,33efonber feinen 9J?enfc^en fjaffen llnb ba iibrige ott itbertaffen." 9^eDo(ution unb ^rieg tworen ifjrn piuiber, benn fie f)in* berten bie frieblicfye GnttDicfelung ber Sftenfdjen unb bie ber Sett. 25 tabette i()n bod), ba er fein 3?o(f im Sampfe gegen Napoleon nid)t menigften^ al^ id)ter antrieb. af tjerau^, IDO man nad)t bie 3 ber feinbtidjen 53orpoften tDtet)ern t}cirt, ba xxviii (Boetfye Dcr ITfann unb ber Dicfyter. f)atte id) e3 mir gefallen laffen. . . . 53et mir aber, ber id) feme friegerifdje ittatur bin wtb fetnen fne= gerifdjen Sinn f)abe, miirben $rieg*lieber eine 5)?a*fe geroefen fein, bie mir fefyr fd)lerf)t 511 @efid)t geftanben 5 fjiitte." Cbroof)! er firf) fiir rteg unb .^rieg^neber nicf)t in= tereffierte, war er bocl) einer ber oielfeitigften s DMnner. (5r frfjien in alien Siffenfrfjaften unb iinften, mtt alien ?anbern unb 3 e ^ ten befannt ju fetn. Jvitr bie Sunfr 10 unb bie 3CRaIerei ^atte er eine nicf)t geringe abe. v ))?el)r al^ ein I)albev< .^fy^mttert mar er Snifter unb ntefyr al^ ein 2?iertelja^r{)unbert 1}ireftor be3 .'ooftfjeaterei. Slid 3 un 9^ m fl niitn[rf)te er fid) ^rofeffor an einer Unt- toerfitat ju njerben. 2II^ 3Mre!tor bevJ ^oftfjeater^ isgritnbete er eine Xfyeaterfdnile, unb me^rere ^a^re ier* maltete er bie Uninerfita't ju 3 ena !j)ie SSett fennt ifyn befonberd al^ Xidjter, aber nie ttntrbe ein 3)?enfd) mit grb Cerent 9?ed)te ^aturforfdjer genannt. gaft ade ebiete ber 3Siffenfd)aft I)at er be= aoretdjert, meil iufmerffamfett eine Xugenb bei il)m roar. $eben befonberen Stein unb jebe ^Pflan^e am ege bemerfte er; nid)t3 tuar il)nt ^u flein ober $u gertng. ^ie x j?atur ber inge gu erforfdjen mar feme fjbdifte ^reube. ,,Da^ (Srforfdjtidje erforfd)t ^u I)aben unb ba^ 25 Unerf orfd)Iid)e rufjig ^u oere^ren," nannte er ,,ba3 f d)bn- fte liicf be^ benfenben s JWenfd)en." 9J?and)e^, ma* er in feinen Stubien iiber Jiere unb ^flan^en geteiftet I)at, fommt "Darmin ^uoor. (5r gritnbete bie ?e^re ber 9Worp^otogie in ber $otantf unb entbecfte 30 bie 3?ermanbtfd)aft aller organtfdjen SSefen. 3tud) in ber Cptif, tiergteidjenber Mnatomie, Weologie unb s D?eteoro= (ogie mar er nid)t nur elel)rter, fonbern aud) 43al)n= bredjer. (5r bef)errfrf)te faft allee, ma* bie iBtlbung aller Stellc als Dicfytcr. xxix SBblfer (MrofteS unb Sd)bne gefdjaffen l)atte. (Sinige feiner Xtieorien finb jefct ^mar oeraltet, aber $u feiner eit toaren fie bod) fefyr nndjtig. Stelte al3 $tfycr. 51(3 <)td)ter war oetf)e and) einer ber oielfeitigften a((er gtittn unb pradjen. 35on feinen gro^en Serfen 5 g(eicf)t fetnee bent anberen, unb ade Slrten ber !Dic^tung fjat er mtt Ijbrfjfter SBitrbe befyanbelt : Sieb, ^Batlabe unb Obe, Gtegie unb gpigramm, ^^^ e ^ 8egenbe unb be(, Operette, ombbie unb Xragbbte, 9?omon unb Seine Serfe itber efc^ic^te unb $8iograpt)ie unb feme 10 9?etfebefd)reibungen finb OJZufter nai^ ^-orm unb 3nf)a(t ; feine ^ieber finb bie ritfyrenbften unb jarttidjften, bie je gebidjtet tnorben finb. Unter ben grb^ten X)i(^tern ber SSelt fte^en nur Co- rner, Sfyatefpeare unb ^Dante i^m gtei(^ r unb Don biefen 15 I)at feiner fo niet geteiftet. Seine teber adein erflaren t^n ,,ben beutfdjen !Dmerfurften," fein ^auft, ben ten pl)ilofopt)if(^en 2)ic^ter ber neueren gtit ; bo^ ^ermann unb 2)orot^ea ift au^ge^eidjnet, unb feine 9?omane fte^en nod) je^t unter ben beften. ^lorl 20 ^einemann fagt Don i^m : ,,er 3)ramati!er oetf)e ift grofc, grower ber epifer, aber ber grbftte, ber tbnig alter id)ter, ift ber 8t)rifer oet^e." ^ebeS feiner SSerfe befd)reibt tna^ er felbft ertebt unb erfa{)ren fyat. 33om b^ bi jum jroeiten Xeite be^as ^auft ift jebeS int 3n^a(t unb im @ti( eine 2Be(t fitr fi<^, unb feineS gteic^t bent anberen. Sein 3bea( mar bag (5b(e, bag fid) itber atteS s Jiiebrige erfyebt. Seiner lt)ar ein der',eib^enber eift, ber bie menfc^Iic^en ^e^Ier unb 3^'rtuTner milbe beurteilte. Sein Serlangen war, 30 xxx <>oetfye Der IHann unb ber Dtcfyter. int twfyrften unb b,bd)ften Sinne SWenfrf) ^u fetn, iinb bae> atteS nrirb in feinen id)tungen gefuiegelt. eine SBerfe gefyb'ren alfo nidjt einem 2?o(fe, fon= bern ber gan^en 2Belt, meif feine @efitl)(e odgetnetn smenfc^Uc^ waren. 2Bie Corner unter ben 2llten, rebet er nic^t, fonbern matt unb frfjafft un (ebenbige eftalten Don ^leifc^ unb ^3Iut, beren efit^(e unb 33er(angen bte unfrtgen finb. ,,SBte bte otttjeit fyinter bent SSettge- . baube," fagt Settler non bent Gptfer oetfye, f ,fo fte^t er 10 b,tnter fetnem SSerf." J)a^ X)ic^ten mar fiir 65oetf)e etne natitrli^e (Mabe, bie t^m feine 3Ritf)e macfjre. 2cf)i(Ier fagte einntal: r ,35?a^ renb toir anberen mii^fetig fammeln unb pritfen mil [fen, urn etma^ eiblicf)e3 langfant Ijernor^ubringen, barf er 15 nur Iei8 an bent ^Baunte [djiittetn, urn [tc^ bie fdjflnften ^riti^te, retf unb [d)iner, jufallen ^u laffen." 2((^ alter 9ftann fagte oetfje felber Don feinen icf)tungen : ,,Qd) ()atte oorfjer !eine 5l^nung, fonbern fie famen ptb^(id) iiber mid) unb rootften augenbtirflid) gemadjt fetn, fo bof? 20 id) fie auf ber @tefle nieber^ufd)reiben mid) getrieben fitb,Ite." -^ntnter wteber merben aud) btefe pra'd)tigen x J werfe gelefen, bie ber 'Didjter erb,ie(t ,,3tu SKorgenbuft geiuebt unb SonnenMarljeit, 2 5 2)er 2)id)timg Sd)(eter auo ber anb ber iBaljrljett." jpermann nub orotl)ea Hermann unb Slcgtc. 2I(fo bag mare $erbred)en, baft einft propers mid) be* geiftert, )af? Partial fid) ju mir aud), ber nenuegne, gefeflt? )afj id) bie SUtett nid)t fyinter mir liejj, bte <2d)itle 311 Bitten, fie nad) Catium gern mir in ba3 Ceben gefolgt? id) x J?atur unb Hunft ju fdjaun mid) treulid) be^s ftrebe, fein y J?ame mid) ttiufdjt, bap mid) fein X>ogma bef djra'nft ? ntdjt be eben bebingenber T)rang mid), ben 9ftenfd)en, tieranbert, id) ber )eitd)e(ei bitrftige 9J?a^fe derfd)mal)tv Soldjer ^ e ^ er r bie bn, o 9)hife, fo emfig gepfleget, 3eil)et ber ^obel mid); "|Sobe( nitr fiet)t er in mir. 10 3a, fogar ber Seffere felbft, gutmittig unb bteber, 2BiIl mid) anber; bod) bu, s IRufe, befieljtft mir attetn. 1)enn bu bift e# attein, bie nod) mir bie innere ^ugenb ^rifd) erneueft, unb fie mir bie }u (Snbe t>erfprid)ft. s i(ber oerboppte nunmef)r, o b'ttin, bie ^eilige orgfatt! 15 3 Qermann unb Dorothea. Stdj! bie Sd)eite( umroattt reidjlid) bie ?ocfe nidjt mefyr. a bebarf man ber .Qran^e, fid) felbft unb anbere $u taufdjen; bod) Gafar felbft ttur aus ^Bebitrfnt^ bad bit ein ?orbeerret$ mir beftimmt, fo lap e# am 20 Setter a,rimen, unb gib ein ft e? bent SSitrbicjern tjin; 2lber 9?ofen nnnbe genug ^um t)du^(icf)en .^ran^e; a(^ ?tlte fcf)(ingt fttberne Vorfe ftc^ burd). bie atttn bad ^euer, auf reinUdjen ,f)erbe ^u f odjen ! SSerfe ber .Qnabe bad 9Jetd, fptefenb, gefc^cifttg ba^tt! im 23ed)er nid)t fel)(en ben Setn! Ortefprarfjige greunbe, (etcf)geftnnte, herein! .Qtan^e, fie marten auf Crud). (Srft bie cfunbljcit bed banned, ber enb(td) nom ^amen .'pomerod' ^itl)n tntd befreienb, uni? aud) ruft in bie no Here $al)n. I^enn roer magte mit bttern ben Sampf ? unb roer mit betn (SinenV 3 o Tod) omeribe }u fein, aud) nur ate letter, ift fcf)8n. Xarum I)brt bad nettfte 63ebid)t! nod) etnmaf getrunfen ! (Sud) beftecfie ber 5Bein, greunbfdjaft unb Stebe bad Cl)r. eutfd)en fctber fiiljr' id) ud) }u, in bie ftUIere 2Bo fid), nctf) ber 92atur, menfd)Iirf) ber 3J?enfd) nod) eqiefyt. Una begleite be Hd)ter3 (S3eift, ber feine ?utfe 35 tffafd) bent initrbigen ^-reunb, und ^u entjitrfen, toer- banb. Stud) bie traurtcjen ^BUber ber eit, fie fiit)r' id) uoritber; ?(ber e^ fiege ber 9J?ut in bent gefunben efd)ted)t. ' id) gild) Xrancn in^ 3luge getodt, unb ?uft in bte (2ee(e ingenb geflc>j?t, fo lomntt, britdet mid) Seife benn fei ba efprcid) ! Un3 (etjret 2Beian- bern. refftidj tjaft bu gefyanbelt, o ^rait, baj? bit milbe ben @of)n fort Sc^idteft, mit altem ?tnnen unb etlt)a Gffcn unb fen, 15 llm e$ ben Strmen su fpenben ; benn eben ift beg 9?eid)en. ^nnge bod) fa ^rt unb tote er bcinbigt bie engfte ! gitt nimmt bag ^ittf^rfjen fid) cuts, bag neue ; be* quem(id) oiere bavin unb auf bent 33ocfe ber $utfd)er. X)tegmal fut)r er adein ; lute rolft' eg (eid)t um bie cfe!" 20 (go fprad), unter bent Jore beg ftaufeg fi^enb am 9}?arfte, , jur ^rau ber 3Birt jum gotbenen 8oit)en. Unb eg oerfe^te barauf bie fhtge, tierftanbige frau: ,,$ater, tti^t gerne Derfdjenf id) bie abgetragene h)anb ; >enn fie ift ju mancfyem Oebraud) unb fitr elb nid)t I)aben, 25 Senn man ifyrer bebarf . 3)oc^ I)eute gab id) fo gerne 9ftand)eg beffere Stittf an Uberjitgen unb emben ; ttnter fcem dore bes Baufcs fitjenb. I, 20. Sdjicffal unb 2lnteil. 11 )enn id) fyb'rte don $inbern unb 2Uten, bie narfenb bafyer- ge(m. Sirft bit mir aber oer$ett)n? betm and) bein 2d)ranf ift geptiinbert. Unb befonber* ben Sdjlafrod mit inbiani[ci)en tinmen, 5>on bent feinften $attun, mit fetnem glanede gefiittert, 3 (Sab id) t)in ; er ift bitnn unb alt nnb gan^ au^ ber Sftobe." 2(ber ee layette brauf ber treffttdje f>au^n)irt nnb fagte : ,,Ungern oermtff id) if)n bod), ben alien fattunenen Gd)t oftinbtfd)en toff^; fo etroa^ friegt man nidjt mieber. SBof)!! id) trug ifm nidjt mef)r. Sftan toitl je^t freiltd), 35 ber 9J?ann foil 3mnter ge()n im Sitrtont unb in ber ^efefdje fid) ,eigen, geftiefe(t fein ; tterbannt ift ^antoffet unb ,,Siet)e!" oerfe^te bie ^rau, ,,bort fomnten fdjon einige wieber, te ben 3^g mit gefe^n ; er muJ5 bod) io^( fdjon uorbei fein. , mie alien bie 2d)ul)e fo ftaubig finb ! nn'e bie e- 4 fid)ter ! unb jeglidjer fitfjrt ba^ Sdjnupftud) unb ttiifdjt fid) ben 2d))neiJ5 ab. 12 I. t' id) bod) and) in ber )ie nad) foldjem 2d)aufpie( fo toeit nid)t anfen unb leiben! $itrroab,r, id) fyabe genug am Crr,af)(= ten." llnb e^ fagte barauf ber gute 3?ater mtt ^adjbruct : 45 ,,&old) ein ^Better tft felten ^u fo(d)er Grnte gefommen, Unb rair bringen bte $rud)t tjerein, mie ba^ eu fdjon ^erein tft, Xrocfen ; ber nmmel ift I)eU, e^ tft fein SSo(fd)en jit fetjen, Unb Don s 3)Zorgen me^et ber 2Btnb mit lieblidjer .^ittjtung. a$ tft beftonbtges SSetter, nnb itberretf ift ba .Qorn fdjon ! so3J?orgen fangen tt)ir an, 311 fdjnetben bte retd)(id)e Grnte." Slfe er fo fprad), Dermetjrten fid) immer bie 2d)aren ber Scanner Unb ber Seiber, bie itber ben 3)?arft fid) nad) ,f)aufe be= gaben ; Unb fo fant and) ^nritcf mit feinen Xbdjtern gefab,ren 9?afd), an bie anbere Seite be^ 9D?arfte, ber begiiterte s )itod)bar 55 Sin fein erneuerte^ wiie, ber erfte .ftaufmann bee Crte*, 3m gedffneten Sagen (er roar in Vanbau oerfertigt). Sdjicffal unb 2lnteil. 13 i'ebljaft nwrben bie Waff en ; benn mol)l mar beDb'tfert ba$ @tabtd)en, s Jttand)er ftabrifen beflifj man fid) ba unb mandjeS Unb fo fa$ ba$ trauttdje ^aar, fi^ unter bem Xor- meg liber ba^ manbernbe 33otf nttt manner ^Bemerfnng 60 ergb^enb. (Snb(irf) aber begann bte mitrbtge ."paitSfrau unb fagte: ,,Set)t! bort fommt ber s ^rebtger ^er;e^ fommt aud) ber s )?ad)bar 2lpot^e!er nttt tfym ; bte follen un^ atfe er^a^ten, fie braupen gefefyn unb wa^ ^u fc^auen nidjt frot) ntad)t." id) fatnen fyeran bte beiben unb grit^ten ba3 6 5 eljten fid) auf bie 53anfe, bte piemen, unter bem Xonueg, @taub Don ben $itpen f^itttelnb unb ?uft mtt bem Xud)e fic^ fiidjelnb. )a begann benn ^uerft nac^ medjfelfeitigen er 5lpotl)efer ju fprerfjen unb fagte beinatje ,,So finb bte 9)?enfd)en fitrnial)r ! unb einer ift bod) mie 70 ber anbre, 14 I. tfalitope. er 311 gaffen fid) freut, menu ben x Jcad)ften ein Un= glitrf befattet ! Sauft bod) feber, bie Jvlamme 511 feb,n, bie oerberb(id) empor(d)(agt, 3eber ben armen $?erbred)er, ^ er P e ^fid) ^um Jobe gefiifyrt totrb. 3eber fpajiert nnn I)tnau3, ju fdjauen ber guten ^er= trtebnen 7s(Sfenb, unb niemanb bebenft, baf, i^n ba^ dfjnlidje 5tnd), Dtedetdjt ^unadift, betreffen fann, ober bod) fiinftig. ^eiljIid) finb' id) ben Veidjtfinn; bod) Itegt er int Unb e fagte barauf ber eb(e, oerftcinbige ^farrfjerr, r, bie 3^ eroe oer Stabt, ein 3 un 9^ n 9 natjer bem so liefer fannte bo eben unb fannte ber com ^otjen SJerte ber l)eUtgen 3d)riften burd)= brungen, )te un^ ber 9)?en(d)en efdjid entfyiiUen unb ib,re efinnung ; Unb fo fannf er and) aiol)I bie beften tne(tlid)en djriften. liefer fprad) : ,,^d) table nid)t gern, mo^ immer bem unb 2lnteil. 15 fttir unfd)ablid)e Xriebe bie gute SWutter 9totur gab ; 85 T>enn luaS SSerftonb unb 93ernunft nidjt itnmer tier* mogen, tiermag oft old) em glitd (idjer >*pang, ber uniuiberftetjUrf) uns* teitet. bie 9teugter nid)t ben 90?enfd^en mit ^efttgen rte ber $tifyt< finn, 3)er bie efatjr ifym oerbirgt unb !)eilfam gefd)tDinbe bie Spuren Jitget be^ fd)mer^id)en Ubete, fobalb e^ nur irgenb uor* 95 bei^og. ift er 511 preifen, ber 9J?ann, bem in reiferen id) ber gefejjte SBcrftonb au^ fo(d)em $vof)finn ent* tnidelt, im Hid tt>te im llnglucf fid) eifrig unb tdtig be- ftrebet ; ba (ute bringt er fjer&or unb erfe^et ben djaben." 16 I. ioo ftreunblid) begann fogleid) bie ungebitttrige wu*frau : ,,@aget un*, wa$ 3^ r Qefefjn ; benn baa begefjrt' id) }it nnffen." ,,2d)U)er(id)," oerfefcte barauf ber 2lpotb,efer mit 9 brurf, f ,SSerb' id) fo balb mid) freun nad) bent, ma^ id) a(Ie3 erfa^ren. Unb iuer eqafylet e^ ioot)(, ba mannigfoltigfte (Sfenb ! 105 Sd)on oon feme fafyn tnir ben Staub, nod) eb/ wir bie Siefen famen ; ber Unab|*eb,(td) ba^in, man fonnte wenig erfennen. 5l(< tm'r nun aber ben 2eg, ber qiier burd)$ Xa( ge^t, erreid)ten, 9Bar ebra'ng' iinb (^etitmmet nod) gro^ ber Sanbrer unb 3Bagen. noSeiber fafyen irir nod) genug ber Slrmen Dorbei^ie^n, ^lonnten etn^etn erfa^ren, line bitter bie idjmerjlidje gtud)t fei, Unb nrie frot) ba Cfcftiljf be^ eitig geretteten Xrourig war e^ ju fe^n, bie mannigfaltige 3)ie ein |)au3 nur berbirgt, ba^ tDofjttoerfe^ne, unb bie etn us uter 5Birt umfjer an bie red)ten Stellen gefefet ^at, 5d?ic!fal unb Slntetl. IT bereit jum ebraudje, benn atteS ift ttbtig unb Nun ju fefyen bas atte$, cmf mandjerlei SKagen unb barren )urd)einanber gelaben, mit llbereUung geflitd)tet. liber bem (Sc^ranfe tieget ba^ teb unb bie it)ot(ene bem 33a(ftrog bo^ 93ett, unb ba ^einturfi iiber bem 120 Spiegel. ! unb e nimmt bie efa^r, nrie im'r beim 53ranbe oor gefet)n, bem 9ftenfdjen atte ^efinnung, er ba^ llnbebeutenbe fa^t unb ba Xeure jurittftaBt. Sllfo fit^rten aud) l)ier mit uubefonnener Sorgfalt @rf)(ed)te "Dinge fie fort, bie Od)fen unb ^ferbe be- 125 fd)rt>erenb : 2l(te 53retter unb ftaffer, ben @(infeftal( unb ben taftg. Stud) fo !eud)ten bie 2Beiber unb Hinber, mit 53iinbelu fid) fdjfeppenb, Unter Sorben unb 33utten tiod Sad)en feine^ @ebraud)eci ; enn e derlciBt ber !3ftenfrf) fo ungern ba^ (e^te ber Unb fo i ,og auf bem ftaubtgen SSeg ber brangenbe ^ug 130 fort, unb tierroirrt. 9J?tt fdjmodjeren Jteren ber eine 18 I. Calliope. 3Bunfd)te (angfam ju fafyren, ein anbrer emfig $u eiten. )a entftanb ein efdjrei ber gequetfd)ten SBeiber unb Unb ein 2Mofen be3 33iefje3, bajnnfdjen ber .fSiinbe ebelfer, 135 Unb ein 2Bef)Icmt ber 2l(ten unb &ranfen, bie t)orf) aiif bent frfjtwren ilbergepacften Sagen auf 33etten fapen unb f^wanften. 2lber, cms bem @Ieife gebrangt, nad) bem 9Janbe be> 3rrtc bo^ fnarrenbe 9?ab ; c* fttirjt' in ben C^raben bag gu^nnerf Umge)(j^(ogen, unb nieitl)in entftitr^ten tm Scfynmnge bie aJZenf.c^en it entfe^Iidjem Serein in ba^ gelb f)in, aber bocf) Spoter ftitqten bie ^aftenunb fieten ndb,er bem 2$aa,en. Sab,rlirf), tuer im fiaikn fie fof), ber ermartete nun fie Unter ber Saft ber tiften unb c^ranfe ^erfcfjmettert 511 fdjauen. Unb fo (ag ^erbrodjen ber .SBagen, unb t)i(floe bie 145 T>enn bie iibrigen gingen unb ^ogen eitig ooritber, 5lur fid) fetber bebenfenb unb fjtngeriffen com Strome. Unb wir eitten b,in^u unb fanben bie .^ranfen unb 5((ten, im Sett fdjon faum ib,r bauernbeo ?eiben Sdncffal unb Slnteil. 19 Iritgen, fjier auf bem 33oben, befdja'bigt, ad)$en unb jammern bev onne oerbrannt unb erfticft fcom mogenben 15 taube." Unb e$ fagte barauf, geritfjrt, ber menfdjUc^e iDtrt : ,, s J)Jdge bod) ermann fie treffen unb fie erquicfen unb fteiben. Ungern mitrb' id) fie fet)n ; mic^ fdjmerjt ber Slnbtitf be^ 8d)on Don bem erften ^Beric^t fo grower Setben gerittjret, c^idten loir eitenb ein c^erflein Don unferm ilberftu^, J ss ba nur (Sinige untrben geftcirft, unb fd)ienen un$ fetber be- rul)igt. 5(ber (af?t un nidjt me^r bie traurigen 93Uber erneuern; ^enn e$ befdjleidjet bie guri^t gar ba(b bie >er$en ber SSWenf^en, Unb bie orge, bie me^r a(^ felbft tnir bag iibet oer* ^at ift. Xretet tjerein in ben fyinteren 9?aum, bag !i't^(ere 160 ie fi^eint Sonne bafyin, nie bringet tcarmere 8uft bort bie ftarferen 9Wauern; unb 9ftittterd)en bringt ein la'Srfjen 20 I. KaUiope. ()er, batnit tt)ir bie riden Dertreiben. )ier ift ntdjt freunb(icf) 311 trinfen ; bie ^Hegen utnfitm* men bie tafer." 165 Unb fie gingen bat)in unb freuten fid) atte ber &iif)(ung. orgfom brod)te bie Gutter be^ ftaren t)err(icf)en Seined, $n gefd^tiffener %[a)d)t auf bfanfem ^innernem ^Runbe, iOJtt ben grimlidjen jRbmern, ben ed)ten ^3ed)ern be Unb fo fi^enb untgaben bie brei ben gtcin^enb gebofynten, i 7 o 9?unben, braunen Xtf^, er ftonb ouf madjttgen 3""B en - ^peiter ffangen fogtet^ bie lafer be3 SSirte^ nnb nnbetueglid) f)ie(t ber britte benfenb bae feme, Unb e forbert' i^n auf ber 32?irt mit freunbtic^en SBorten : , r grtfrf), >err 9?ac^bar, getmnfen ! benn nod) beroafjrte Dor Ungtitcf i7Sott un^ gniibig unb mirb aud) fiinftig un alfo be= ma^ren. enn wer erfennet e^ ni(^t, baft fett bem fd)recf(id)en ^Bronbe, Da er fo fyart un^ geftraft, er une nun beftanbig erfreut tjat Sdjicffal unb Slntctl. 21 llnb beftanbig befd)itt, fo tt>ie ber 9ftenfd) ftdj be$ Stugetf oftlid)en 2(pfet bemafyrt, ber uor alien Uebern il)tn fieb tft. t' ev fernerl)tn nid)t un^ fd)it^en unb ^Ufe beretten? 180 man fiefyt e^ erft red)t, nrie titet er t>ermag, in efafyren ; Sottt' er bie btitfyenbe Stabt, bie er erft burd) flet^tge Sitrger au ber 2l|d)e gebaut unb bann fie retdjtid) gefegnet, ipteber jerftbren unb ade ^3emitl)ung oerntdjten ?" >eiter fagte barauf ber trefflidie ^farrer unb ntilbe: 185 ,,altet am tauben feft unb feft an biefer efinnung ; 3)enn fie madjt im titde oerftanbig unb ftdjer, im Ungtitcf 9feid)t fie ben fdjbnften Xroft unb belebt bie fjerrlidjfte offnung." Qa Derfe^te ber SBtrt mit mannttd)en, flugen e* banfen : ff iESte begritBt' id) fo oft mit Staunen ,bie 5futen be^ 190 SBenn id), reifenb nad) meinem efdja'ft, if)m tttieber mid) na^te ! fd)ien er mir gro unb er^ob mir inn unb emitte ; I. Slber id) fonnte nidjt benfen, bap balb fettt lieblicfyes lifer Sottte toerben eitt SSafl, utn abjmuefyren ben $ranfen, 195 Unb fein DerbreiteteS 33ett ein alfoerfjinbernber raben. Sefyt, fo fdjii^t bie 9?atur, fo [rfjii^en bie ttxicferen llnb fo fdjufct un^ ber err ; mer woHte tb'ric^t oer^ DJJitbe fdjon finb bie tretter, iinb aUe3 beutet auf bod) aud), irenn ba^ Jyeft, ba tang' eriDiinfdjte, gefetert trb in unferer ^ircfje, bie tocfe bann tdnt jit ber Crgel, llnb bie Xrompete fc^mettert, ba^ fyofye Je Deum be* gteitenb, - SLRdge mein ermann boc^ aud) an biefem Xage, err $farter, Wit ber ^Brant cntfc^Ioffen tor Gitrf) am 3Utare fic^ fteflen, Unb ba^ gtitcfU^e ^eft, in alien ben anben begangen, mir funftig erf^einen ber fya'itSlicfjen greiiben ein Slber ungern fe^' ic^ ben ^tingling, ber immer fo tcitig 9ftir in bem ^>aufe fid) regt, narf) ait^en langfam unb fcpd)tern. SSenig finbet er 8itft fid) unter ^euten 511 jeigen; unb 2XnteiI. 23 3a, er Dertneibet fogar ber jungen SCftabdjen efellfcfjaft Unb ben frb()(idjen an}, ben ade ^ugenb begefjret." 210 2Ufo fprac^ er unb ^orcf)te. s J)Zan fjorte ber ftamp- fenben ^ferbe ^erne^ etofe fid) nafjn, man ^brtc ben rollenben Sagen, 1)er ntit genjalttger (Site nun bonnert' unter ben Xortueg. Ccrpfkfyorc. Hermann. 9U3 nun ber n>ol)(gebttbete Sofyn intf trat, . Sdjaute ber ^rebiger ifym mit fdjarfen 33Uden ent= gegen, Unb betrac^tete feine eftoft unb fein gon^e^ Sene^men 3Ktt bent Sluge be^ gorfdjer^, ber letrfjt bie 9)lienen entrotfelt ; s?ad)elte bann unb fprarf) ju tf)m mit traultdien Morten: ,,^ommt 3I)r bocf) al ein ocranbcrtcr 'Jftenfd)! 3d) ^abe nod) niental^ (Surf) fo munter gefe^n unb (Jure -SBHde fo (ebt)aft. grb^Itd) fommt 3^r unb Better; man fiefjt, 3^) r f) a ^ et bie aben tlnter bie 5trmen t>ertei(t unb ifyren 2egen empfangen." 24 f)ermann. enniberte brauf ber <8olm mit ernftlidjen 10 Morten : ,,Cb id) Ibblid) gef)anbe(t, id) roeifi ed nid)t ; aber mein ^eq fyat iWtd) gefyei^en $u tun, fo une id) genau nun eqafyfe. Gutter, Sty framtet fo (ange, bie alien StitcEe ju fudjen Unb ^u tna - ()Ien ; nur fpa't mar erft bad 23itnbe( ^ufam- men, 5(uc^ ber Sein unb bad 53ier toarb tangfam, forglic^ 15 gepacfet. Slid id) nun enblid) uord Xor unb auf bie Strafe I)inaud= fam, 2trb'mte pri'tcf bie Sftenge ber 53urger mit 3i^eibern unb 9)?tr entgegen; benn fern irar fd)on ber trtebnen. (d)ne((er tjiett id) mid) bran unb fuljr be()enbe bem I^orf jtt* 3Bo fie, im'e ic^ gefybrr, l)eut' nbernacb/ten unb raften. 20 2U0 ic^ nun meined SBeged bie neue Strafe ^inanfutjr, ftiet mir ein 3Sagen ind Sluge, oon titdjttgen 53aumen gefiiget, 33on siDei Cd)fen ge^ogen, ben grb^ten unb ftarfften bed Studlanbd, v )te bender aber ging mit ftarfen ^djritten ein 3)Mbd)en. ^enfte mit tangent 2tabe bie beiben gewaltigen Xiere, 25 26 II. tEerpftd)ore. Xrieb'fie on nnb fyielt fie juritcf, fie teitete flitcjttdj. 21(3 mid) bad SOftibdien erblicfte, fo trat fie ben ^ferben getaffen 97al)er nnb fagte $n mir : ,Witf)t tmmer mar e$ mit und fo ^ammertioll, a(^ ^^ un ^ ^) eut ' au f biefen SBegen er* blicfet. 3 o ^od) nidjt bin id) getoofynt, corn ^remben bie aben ju !Die er oft ungern gibt, itm log jit merben ben 5(rmen ; 5lber mii^ branget bie 'ftot 511 reben. $ier auf bem Strode Siegt bie motf unb franf(id)e ^rau be^ reii^en ie id) mit @tieren unb 2Bagen nod) faunt, bie gerettet. at nnr fommen tt>ir nad), nnb faum bad eben ertjielt fie. (iegt, neugeboren, bad ^inb i^r natfenb im Slrme, Unb mit iDenigem nnr ttermb'gen bie Unfern ^u fyetfen, SSenn twir tm nat^ften )orf, tuo luir ^ente ju raften ge= benfen, 5lud) fie finben, nriefoofyl ic^ fitrc^te, fie finb fd)on doritber. 4 o 2Bar' (gild) irgenb non. Vetnmanb nur tttaS (gntbeljrfidje^, menn ^}f)r ^)ier and ber ^ad)barfd)aft feib, fo fpenbef* gittig ben Strmen/ Hebenfyer aber gtng mtt ftarfen Sctyrttten etn IHdbc^en. II, 24. 27 ,,Ufo fprad) fie, wtb matt erl)ob fid) bom Strode bie b(etd)e &ranfe itnb fdjaitte nad) mir ; id) aber fagte bagegen : ,uten 9ftenfd)en, fitrroafyr, fpridjt oft ein fyimmlifdjer cift 311, fie fitbjen bte *)?ot, bie bem armen 53ruber beoor- 45 fteb.t; fo gab mir bie Gutter im 33orgefu^(e Don (Surem jammer ein ^3Unbe(, fogleii^ eg ber nacften 9^otburft 511 reid)en/ linb id) (bfte bie noten ber @dmur itnb gab ib,r ben Unfer^ Waters bab.in unb gab ib,r emben unb Seintud). llnb fie banfte mit ^reiiben unb rief : ,2)er (itrflid)e 50 gtaubt nii^t, nodj SBunber gefd)e()n; benn nnr im (5(enb erfennt man anb unb finger, ber gnte 9ftenfd)en gum uten ^eitet. 2Ba er burcf) (5u^ an un^ tut, tu' er @ud) fetber.' llnb id) fa!) bie litcinffidje frot) bie tierfc^iebene Seinwanb, Stber befonberS ben meid)en ^(aneU beS d)(afrod3 ss befii()Ien. ,(5ilen ratr/ fagte gu ib,r bie ^u^flf 1 '^, ,bem X)orf gu, in me(c^em llnfre emeine fdjon raftet unb biefe 'ftadjt burc^ fid) aufb,a(t; 28 II. erpfid?ore. )ort beforg' id) fogteid) baS tinbeqeug, atteS unb jebe*.' Unb fie gritte mirf) nod) unb fprad) ben l)er,(id)ften )anl aug, 6orieb bte ?d)fen; ba ging ber 2agen. $d) aber &er- toeilte, bte ^ferbe noc^ an; benn 3nn' e fpnft tt)ar mir im Cb id) mit eitenben 9?offen ba3 5)orf erreid)te, bte peifen Unter ba3 itbrtge 33olf p fpenben, ober fogteid) l)iev 2l(Ie^ bent 9ftabd)en gabe, bamit fie e3 wei^tid) oerteilte. 6sllnb id) entfdjieb mid) g(etd) in nteinem erjen unb futjr nod), unb erreic^te fie balb unb fagte befjenbe: 90^ab(^en, mir f)at bie Gutter nii^t Veinroanb atteine 5tuf ben SSagen gegeben, bamit id) ben y jfacften befletbe, onbern fie fitgte ba^u nod) 2peif unb mand)e^ etranfe, 7 o Unb e3 ift mir genug baoon tm aften be^ SBagen^. 9hm bin id) aber geneigt, aud) biefe aben in beine >anb ju (egen, unb fo erfiilF id) am beften ben 5{uftrag; J)u oertettft fie mit inn, id) miif,te bem ^ufati gefyordjen.' erfe|te ba ajJabc^en: ,9ftit ader Xreue oertvenb' 29 (Sure (9aben; ber Diirfttgfte fott fid) berfelben erfreuen/75 9llfo fprad) fie. $d) offnete fdjnett bte Soften beg 23rad)te bte Sdjinfen Ijeroor, bie fdjtoeren, bracfyte bie rote, Seined itnb ^Bier^ unb reidjt' Ujr al(e^ unb erne fycitt' id) nod) me()r t^r gegeben, bod) (eer tnor ber ftaften. 3t(Ie^ pacfte fie brauf 311 ber $rtinflid)en ^ufeen unb so jog fo SBeiter; id) eitte ^uriicf mit meinen ^Pferben ber Stabt nun ermann geenbet, ba nat)m ber gefprad)ige teid) ba 3Sort unb rief: ,,O gtitcflic^, luer in ben Xagen Dtefer JIud)t unb 2?ertDtrrung in feinem au nur cittern febr, nidjt gi'ou unb ttnber sur Seite bange fid) s s fdjmiegen! Utcfli^ fitb,r id) mid) jet; id) mbdjt' urn oieteS ntd)t ^eute ^ei^en unb nid)t fur grau unb f inber beforgt fein. 30 II. erpftd>ore. Cfter* bad)f id) mir aud) fdjon Me ^ludjt, unb Ijabe bie be [ten Sadjen jufammengepacft, bae alte elb unb bte etten 90 Reiner feligen SDhitter, inotton nod) nid)t^ nerfauft ift. gretlid) bliebe nod) t)te(e^ ^ithicf, bae fo Ieid)t ntd)t gefdjafft lt)irb. Setbft bte f ranter unb S&nqeln, mtt t>te(em ftletjse gefammett, 90^1^1' id) nngern, tnenn and) ber 2Bert ber &are nidjt groB ift. ^3(etbt ber ^romfor ^uritcf, fo gel)' id) getrbftet non 95 wb' id) bte ^3arfd)aft gerettet nnb tneinen ^b'rper, fo t)ab ? id) gerettet ; ber ehijeftte 9)?ann entflietjet am teid)tften." ," oerfe^te barauf ber junge Hermann mit benf id) nrie 3 ft wo^t ber em wurbtger x ,D?ann, ber im liirf nnb im Unglitcf ioo gid) nur alletn bebenft unb 2eiben unb g^euben ^u tetlen 9?id)t oerftetjet unb nid)t ba^u Don >erjen beroegt mirb? ^ieber mb'd)f id) al* je mid) fyeute jur ^eirat ent= fd)tieBen; 31 Denn mancf) gute Sftabcfyen bebarf be$ fcfyit^enben Unb ber SWann bee erfyeiternben SetbS, luenn ifym Unglitcf beDorfteljt." Sacfyemb fagte barauf ber 3?ater: ,,So l)5r' ic^ bi^ 105 gerne ! old) em Dernitnftige^ Sort fyaft bit mtr felten ge= fprodjen." Stber e^ fiel [og(etrf) bte giite Gutter be^enb etn: , fitrttiafjr! bit ^aft rec^t; rotr (Sttern gaben bag tDtr f)aben itn^ nii^t on frofyltcfyen Xagen erwatjtet, Unb un fnitpfte otetmetjr bie traurtgfte Stnnbe ju= no fammen. iDZontag morgen icf) wn% e$ genau; benn tage^ tior- ^er mar $ener (djrecfUclje ^Branb, ber unfer etabtc^en oer* tg 3at)re finb'd nun; e^ war em onntag tt)te Jpeifc unb troden bte tit, itnb menig Staffer im Crtc. 51 Ue Ceute maren, .fpa^terenb in feftlicfjen ^teibern, 5luf ben 3)Srfern tterteitt unb in ben Scfyenfen nnb 32 II. erpftd?ore. Unb ant Crnbe ber Stabt begann bad geuer. er 33ranb lief (Silig bte Straften fyinburcf), eqeugenb fid) fefber ben 3ugnrinb. Unb ed brannten bie Sdjeunen ber reicfjgefantnteften Crrnte, 120 Unb ed brannten bte Strain bid ^u bent 9D?arft, ttnb bad ^)and tnar SOJetned 33aterd l)ierneben tier5ef)rt, unb btefed jugletrf) ntit. SSenig flitdjteten it)ir. 3d) faR bte traurtge ^ad)t burd) 33or ber Stabt auf bent Singer, bie $aften unb 23etten beroa^renb; jnte^t befiet mid) ber Scfjlaf, unb aid nun bed td) bie $itf)lung ermecfte, bie or ber Sonne fatlt, a^ id) ben 9?aud) unb bie Iut unb bie f)o()(en s Dhuern unb (iff en. )a war beftentntt ntein |)er$; aUetn bie onne gtng nrieber ^errlic^er auf aid fe unb flb^te ntir 9J?ut in bie Seete. a erl)ob id^ nttd) eitenb. (Sd trieb mid), bie tatte jju feh,en, 130 2Bo bie Sotjnung geftanben, unb ob fid) bie itfjner gerettet, 33 te id) befonbertf getiebt; benn fmbifd) roar mem (^ernitt nod). 21(3 id) nun itber bie Xritmmer be# >aufe$ unb >ofe3 bafyerftieg, 1)ie nod) raudjten, unb fo bie 35>o()nung untft unb jer- ftdrt fat), &amft bu jur anbern eite fjerauf unb burd)fud)te(t bie tatte. ir tuar etn ^ferb in bent tatte oer(d)iittet; bie gtint'iss menben 53atfen baritber unb djutt, unb nid)t^ p fef)n roar ttont Xiere. 9U|o ftanben nnr gegeneinanber, bebenllid) unb traurig; ;Tenn bie 5Banb mar gef alien, bie unfere ^ibfe gefdjieben. llnb bu fa^teft barauf mid) bei ber $anb an unb (agteft: ,Vie*d)en, rote fommft bu ^ie()er? (9ef)' roeg! bu oer-^o brenneft bie Sot)(en; 5)enn ber d)utt ift t)ei^, er fengt mir bie ftarferen tiefeln.' Unb bu f)obeft mid) auf unb trugft mid) l)eritber burd) beinen of roeg. )a ftanb nod) ba^ or be^ ^>aufe mit [einem (9eroolbe, SSJte e^ je^t ftefjt; e roar aUein Don attem geblieben. Unb bu fe^teft mid) nieber unb fii^teft mid), unb id) 145 uerroefyrt' e^. 34 II. erpfid?ore. 9lber bu fagteft baraitf mit freunbltrf) bebeutenben Sorten: ,@ief)e, ba3 wu$ liegt nieber. 33(eib' fjier unb f)Uf mir e3 bauen, Unb id) b,e(fe bagegen aud) betnem i^ater an feinem.' T)od) id) ocrftanb bid) nidjt, bid bu jum $ater bie Gutter 150 Sd^tcfteft unb [d)nd( ba<5 Welitbb' ber frb{)tt(^en (ifje dotlbradjt mar. erinnr' id) mid) fyeute be {jalboerbrannten @e* ig unb felje bie Sonne uod) tmmer fo i)err(id) tjeroufgeb/n; !Denn mir gab ber Jag ben (9emal)t, e^ b,aben bie erften 3eiten ber initben 3^i'[torung ben Sol)n mir ber gegeben. i 55 ^arum lob' id) bid), Hermann, bap bu mit reinem i trauen 2lud) ein 93%b(^en bir benfft in biefen traurigen Unb e3 magteft ju frein im $rieg unb iiber ben Xritmmern." )a nerfe^te fogleid) ber 3?ater febfyaft unb fagte: ,,T.ie efinnung tft (bb(id), unb iDa^r ift aud) bie 160 3)?iitterd)en, bie bu eqtifjlft; benn fo ift afleS begegnet. 35 Slber beffer tft beffer. yiifyt einen jeben berrifft eg 5ln$ufangen t>on corn fein gan$eg eben itnb SBefen; yiidjt foil jeber fid) quaten, nrie tinr unb anbere taten. O, rote glitcflid) tft ber, bem $ater unb Gutter ba vf)ausJ fdjon 33}ol)IbefteI(t itbergeben, unb ber mtt ebetl)en e^ auitnfd)tet, Ijinitber; 38 II. Cerpficfyore. 2lber id) !onnte mid) nie in ifyrem Umgang erfreuen. Denn fie tabetten ftets an mir, ba$ mufcf id) ertragem ar ju tang tuar mein 9?orf, }u grob ba3 ud), unb bie ar $u gemein, unb bie ,ware nid)t red)t geftu^t nnb gefraufett. 2io(Snbtid) ^att' id) im einne, mid) and) ju pu^en, nrie jene ,f)anbel^bitbd)en r bie ftetd am onntag britben fid) jei- gen, Unb itm bie, Ijalbfetben, im Sommer ba appd)en f)erum^ pngt. Slber nod) fritt) genug merft' id), fie fatten mid) immer jum beften; Unb ba mar mir empfinblid), mein tol,$ iwar beletbigt; bod) metjr nod) 2is^ranfte midj'S tief, baj? fo fie ben guten SBiKen oer= fannten, )en id) gegen fie l)egte, befonberS SOIindjen, bie Jitngfte. fo tnar id) jule^t an Oftern ^ini'tbergegangen, ben neuen 9?od, ber je^t nnr oben im djranf f)angt, 3lngejogen unb mar frifiert tt)ie bie itbrigen 33urfd)e. 220 51U id) eintrat, lid)erte.fie; bod) $og id)'<^ auf mid) ntd)t. 9Wind)en faft am f (airier; e roar ber 53ater jugegen, ^)b'rte bie Xbd)terd)en fingen unb toar entjitrft unb in 8aune. ITtindpen faft am Klamcr ; cs roar bcr Pater 3ugegen. 11,221. Hermann. 39 oerftanb id) nidjt, U)a3 in ben iebern gefagt roar; Slber id) fjb'rte oiel Don famine, t>ie( uon Jamino, Unb id) mottte bod) aud) nidjt ftummfein! Sobatb fie 225 geenbet, t' id) bem Xe^te nad), unb nad) ben beiben ^er- [onen. [djtmegen bavauf nnb (ad)e(ten; aber ber SBater Sagte: ,^td)t wa()r, mein $ re wtb, & fennt nur Slbam unb Crna?' s ^iemanb ^tett fid) atsbann, unb (aut auf tad)ten bie SOHbdjen, ^aut auf Iad)ten bie $naben, e^ l)ie(t ben SBaud) fid) ber 230 Kit. fatten Hep id) ben ut tor 58er(egenb,eit, unb ba I^auerte fort unb fort, fo diet fie and) fangen unb fpielten. Unb id) eilte befdjamt unb uerbrie^tid) mieber nad) ,f>angte ben 9?ocf in ben Sdjranf unb ^og bie .'paare fyerunter 9J?it ben ^ingern unb frfjrour, nid)t meb,r ju betreten bie 235 Unb id) t)atte mot)l red)t; benn eite( finb fie unb liebloe, Unb id) f)6re, nod) ijeip' id) bei it)nen immer Xamino." 40 II. )a derfe^te Me Gutter: ,,Du fottteft, Hermann, fo lange 20?it ben Hinbern nidjt jitrnen; benn Htnber finb fie ja famtlid). 24o2ftind)en fitnnafyr tft gut unb mar bir immer gemogen; lic^ fragte fie nod) nacf) bir. Die fotlteft bit roaf)(en !" Derfe^te bebenftirf) ber Soljn: ,,$d) ineiR nid)t, eg fragte 53erbru^ fid) fo ttef bei mtr ein, id) mb'djte fi'tr* mo^r nid)t ie am ^laoiere me^r fefyn unb ifjre I 7 iebd)en oernet)* men." 245 X)od) ber 3?ater fut)r auf unb fprad) bte jornigen Sorte: ,,SSenig Jvreub' erteb' id) an bir! 3d) f a 9t' e$ bod) immer, 9t(^ bu }it ^?ferben nur unb ?uft nur bejetgteft pm Slder: ein $ned)t fd)on tierrid)tet bee luofjtbegiiterten Xuft bu; inbeffen muB ber 33ater bes* Sofjne^ entbet)ren, 250 J)er i^m jur (Sfjre bod) aud) wor anbern ^Biirgern fid) jeigte. Unb fo taufdjte mid) fritf) mit (eerer ^offnung bie 3 ter, 41 SBenn in ber @dntte ba tfefen unb djreiben unb ernen Mr mentals ben anbern gelang unb bu immer ber Unterfte fttfeft. ilirf)! ba fommt bafyer, menu (Sfyrgefitfyl nicfyt im 33ufen (SineS 3 n 9t^fl e ^ febt, un ^ lt)ettn er tt ^)t ()6^er t)tnauf 255 ntein 33ater geforgt fitr mid) r fo nrie icf) fitr bt tat, ld) jur @rf)u(e gefenbet unb ntir bie 8e^rer ge^alten, , id) ware ttaS anber^ al3 Sirt jum golbenen Sd ?Iber ber of)n ftanb auf unb nafyte fid) fd)Deigenb ber STitre, 8ang[am unb otjne erciufdj; aflein ber 3Sater, entri'tftet, 260 it)tn nac^: ,,&o get)e nur t)tn! ic^ fenne ben rofc= fopf! )' unb fitt)re fortan bie SBirtf^aft, ba i(^ ntdjt fc^elte; 5lber benfe nur nid)t, bu tuolleft ein baurifd^eg afta'bdjen 3e mir bringen in $au at @d)tt)iegertod)ter, bie STruIIe! ?ange t)ab' ic^ getebt unb aieift ntit aJJenfdjen ^u tjanbetn, 265 i ju bewirten bie erren unb grauen, ba fie su* frieben 42 II. CcrpftAorc. 33on tnir toeggefjn; id) nieift ben ftremben gefcidig $u fd)meid)e(n. Slber fo foil inir benn aud) ein 3d)Unec3ertod)terd)en enb= ltd) SSteberbegegnen unb fo mtr bie diete SD?itI)e uerfitfjen; 27oSpteten foil fie mir aud) ba ^(ooier; e foden bie fd)6nften, 53eften Seiite ber etabt fid) mil SSergnitgen uerfammetn, 2Bie e^ onntog* gefd)ief)t tm aufe be^ 9iodjbard." S5a briicfte etfe ber o^n auf bie Unfe, unb fo oerliep er bie 2tube. $>te Siirger. 2Ufo entnrid) ber befdjeibene Sof)n ber fyeftigen 9?ebe; 3tber ber 33ater fuf)r in ber 3lrt fort, ttrie er begonnen: im s D^enfd)en ntd)t ift, fommt aud) nicfjt cms i unb fcf)tDer(td) mid) be t)er^Iid)ften SSunfdje^ (SrfitUung j erfreuen, ber 2o()n bem 23ater nidjt gleid) fei, fonbern ein 5 ira tuare ba^ ^>au^, luavS roare bie tabt, tuenn nidjt immer 3eber gebadjte mit ?uft 511 ertjaften itnb 511 erneuen Unb ju oerbeffern aud), tt)ie bie 3^it un (e^rt unb baf bod) nidjt al ein ^ifj ber 2ftenfd) bem ^3oben ent* 43 44 III. loltnb tierfaulen gefdjnn'nb an bem ^la^e, ber ifjn erjeugt fiat, $eine Spur nad)(affenb Don feiner (ebenbigen 3Btrlung ! iefyt man am aufe bod) gleirf) (o beut(id), me Sinned ber |)err fet, 2Bie man, baS Stabtd)en betretenb, bie Obrtcjfeiten beurteitt. X)enn tto bie Xitrme oerfatlen unb 9J?auern, ino in ben ra'ben isllnrat fid) fya'ufet, unb llnrat auf aUen affen tjerumtiegt, 3Bo ber Stein au ber gitge fid) ritdt nnb nidjt im'eber gefe^t toirb, 2Bo ber ^Salfen derfault, unb ba3 auS oergebftd) bie neue Unterfttifeung erluartet : ber Ort ift itbct regieret. mo ntdjt tmmer Don oben bie Crbnung unb Iid)feit im'rfet, et fid) leid)t ber 33iirger ju Saumfat, ie ber Settler fid) aud) an lumm'ge Uteiber geiubt)net. arum l)ab' id) genntnfd)t, e^ fo((e fid) ^ennann auf ^eifen ^Batb begeben unb feljn gum njenigften Strapurg unb granffurt Unb ba freunblidje 9ftannfjeim, ba^ gleid) unb ()eiter gebaut ift. Die Burger. 45 )enn n>er bie tftbte gefelm, bie grofcen mtb reinlicfyen, 25 rut)t nicfyt, $itnfttg bie $aterftabt felbft, fo ftein fie aud) fei, $u fcerjieren. 8obt nidjt ber ftrembe bei untf bie ait^gebefferten Unb ben geuiei^ten Xurmitnb bie rcofylenteuerte 9Utt)mt nid)t jeber ba# ^flofter? bie i Derbedten, $8ot)loerteUten donate, bie iJiu^en iinb idjerfyeit 30 bringen, bem ^euer fogteic^ beitn erften Slit^bnirf) gettefyrt 3ft ba^ nicf)t afte gefrf)el)n feit jenem SBrcmbe V r mar ic^ fed)3mal int 9fat unb t)abe mir mir ^eqltdjen )ant Don guten ^Bitrgern oerbienet, tt^ angab, emfig betrieben, unb fo aud) bie Slnftalt 35 9?ebtid)er banner ooHfu^rt, bie fie undoftenbet oerlie^en- @o lam enbtirf) bie Sitft in jebeS 9ftitglieb be^ 9?ate^. 2ll(e beftreben fid) je^t, unb fc^on ift ber neue Sfjauffeebau ^eft befd)(offen, ber un3 mtt ber gro^en e. So tear mein (Garten aud) in ber gan^en egenb be- rii^mt, unb 3eber 9?etfenbe ftanb unb fa^ burc^ bie roten Stafeten Die Burger. 49 ben SBettlern Don tern unb nocf) ben farbigen id) ben $affee bann gar in bem fyerrtidjen rotten- 90 tnerf reidjte, nun freilidj oerftaubt nnb fyatb fcerfallen mir bafteljt, >er erfreute fid) Ijodj bee farbtg fc^immernben Strf)te^ ^ongeorbneter 3)?itf(^e(n ; unb mtt gebtenbetem 5luge djaute ber tenner fctbft ben ^Bleiglanj unb bte (Sbenfo marb in bem aale bte s JOMerei aurf) beniunbert, 95 2Bo bie gepu^ten erren unb amen int arten [pajieren ilnb mtt fpil^tgen gingern bte 33(umen reidjen unb fyalten. 3a, ftier fa'^e ba3 je^t nur noc^ an ! $d) gelje derbrieplii^ meljr ^tnau^ ; benn afle^ (oft anberS fetn unb ie fie ' t)eien, unb wetjj bie fatten unb ^otjernen 100 S3an!e. ift etnfac^ unb gtatt ; nit^t djni^raerf ober 33er- golbung i(( man meljr, unb evj foftet ba^ frembe olj nun am metften. 9hm, ic^ mar e^ sufrteben, mir aud) ma s J?eue^ ju fdjaffen ; ju geb,n mit ber 3 e ^ un ^ ft 5 U oeranbern ben 50 III. e$ fitrcfytet fief) jeber, and) nur $u ritcfen ba3 tfeinfte. 3>enn wer Dermbdjte JDoI)t fel^t bte 2lrbettfeiite ,511 fam mir 'g in @tnn, ben (5nge( 9)Zid)ae( mieber, mir bte Cfftjtn bejei^net, tergo(ben ^n la [fen Unb ben grentt(f)en ^rac^en, ber ifym jit ^ii^en fid) iuinbet ; noSlber ic^ lie ft ifyn tterbraunt, tt)ie er tft; mid) fdjrecfte bie gorbrung." (Euterpe. Gutter unb Soljit. fpradjen bie banner fid) unterfjaltenb. SDhttter (Ming inbeffen, ben Sofyn erft t>or bem .'paufe 511 fudjen, 2luf ber fteinernen SBanf, tt)o fein cjeino^nttdjer @i^ luar. 2lt^ fie bofelbft i()n md)t fanb, fo gtng fie, tnt talk ju fd)auen, Db er bte I)errlid)en ^ferbe, bie >ettgfte, fetber beforgte, 5 !l)te er a( ^o^ten gefauft unb bie er niemcmb tiertraute. Unb e$ fagte ber ^nedjt : (5r ift in ben arten gegangen." T^a burdjfdjritt fie bel)enbe bte langen boppetten ofe, ie bie Stade juritcf unb bie tt>of)(ge$immerten d)eunen r Xrat in ben (Marten, ber toeit bi^ an bie SOJauern be^ 10 ta'btdjenS 51 52 IV. (Euterpe. 9?eid)te, fcfjrttt ifjn fjinburd) unb freute fief) jeglicfjee Steflte bie Stit^en jurecfjt, auf benen befaben bie Stfte 9?uf)ten bed 9(pfe(baumd, ttrie bed 23irnbaumd taftenbe ^roeige, i)?af)m cjfetd) eintge OJaupen com frdftig ftrofcenben ^o()( meg; Xsenn em gefcfjaftigev? Seib tut feine 2rf)rttte t>ergeben$. 2t(fo war fie an^ (Sttbe be^ fangen (Martens gefommen, 33i3 jitr ^aube mtt etpfott bebecft; nicf)t fanb fie ben Sof)tt ba, (5benfoit)enig aid fie bid jetjt iljn im (Garten erblidte. 2Iber nur angete^nt mar bad ^fbrtdjen, bad aud ber befonberer unft, burcf) bie Waiter bed Stabtd)end gebrodjen )atte ber 3tl)tif)err einft, ber nriirbtge ^Burgemeifter. Unb fo ging fie bequem ben trocfnen raben fjiniiber, 5Bo an ber Strafe fog(eid) ber ipotjlum^aunete 21>einberg Stnfftteg fteiteren ^fabd, bie glacfje jur Sonne gefe()ret. 2 5 2lucf| ben fcf)ritt fie fyinauf unb freute ber $iitte ber Xrauben 2id) im Steigen, bie !aum fief) unter ben 53fattern oer= bargen. ecfjattig tear unb bebecft ber fjofje ntittfere Vaubgang, !t)en man auf Stufen erftieg don unbeb,auenen ^fatten. ZHutter unb Sofyn. 53 Unb ed fyingen t)erein utebel unb 9ftuefateUer, ^btlid) btaue baneben Don gan$ befonberer roe, 30 Side mit gleijse gepftattjt, ber ftfte 9?ad)tifd) 511 jieren. 9lber ben itbrigen 4Berg bebedten emjetne Stbcfe, ftfemere Xrauben tragenb, Don benen ber fbftlirije 55?ein fommt. 2(Ifo frfjritt fie ()inaitf r fid) fdjon be3 erbfteg erfreuenb Unb be^ feftltdjen Xag^, an bem bie egenb im ^ubet 35 Xrouben Itefet unb tritt unb ben 93?oft in bie B'Sffer tier* fammett, ^euertnerfe be^ Slbenb^ uon alien Crten unb (Snben l'eud)ten unb fnatten, unb fo ber (5rnten frf)onfte gee()rt ttwrb, unrut)iger gtng fie, nad)bem fie bem (2ol)ne gerufen i= aud) breintaf, unb nur bad (Sd)o nielfad) ^uritcffam, 4 o Don ben Xiirmen ber (Stabt, ein fefyr gefdjtDa'^iged, ^erltang. 3U fudjen mar it)r f o fremb ; er entfernte fid) niemald Sett, er fagt' ed i()r benn, um ^u ter()itten bie (gorge Seiner liebenben Gutter unb ih,re gurd)t Dor bem UnfaU. Stber fie Ijoffte nod) ftetd, ib,n bod) auf bem 3Sege 31145 ftnben ; X^enn bie Jitren, bie untre, fo n)ie bie obre, bed bergd Stanben gteid)faUd offen. Unb fo nun trat fie ind ein, 54 IV. (Euterpe. >ag mit toeiter #lad)e ben ^Ritcfen be* .fntgetg bebedte. 3mmer nod) nmnbette fie auf eigenem 33oben unb freute 50 id) ber eigenen Saat unb beg fyerrtid) nicfenben $orneg, >ag mit gotbener raft fid) im gan^en getbe bemegte. 3urifd)en ben ?tcfern fdjritt fie fyinburd) auf bem 9?aine ben ^upfab, ben ^3irnbaum im 5luge, ben gropen, ber auf bem tanb, bie ren^e ber ^-etber, bie i()rem ,f>aufe gel)orten. 55 $5er i^n gepflan^t, man fonnt' eg nidjt unffen. (5r war in ber egenb it unb breit gefe{)n, unb beriti)mt bie ^ri'tdjte beg Vtnter il)m pflegten bie Sdjnitter beg DJ?a()(g fid) ( ^u freuen am 9ftittag, Unb bie ^irten beg SSiefyg in feinem Sdjatten }u icar^ ten; ^Sanfe fanben fie ba oon rot)en Steinen unb 9?afen. 60 Unb fie irrete nidjt; bort foB if)f Hermann unb rul)te, @a^ mit bem 5trme geftit^t unb fdjien in bie egenb ju fdjanen 3enfeitg nad) bem ebirg, er fetrte ber Gutter ben Sad)te fd)lid) fie l)inan unb rittjrt' i()m leife bie 2d)u(ter. Unb er ttwnbte fid) fdjneU; ba faf) fie i()m Xranen im 2hige. Sactyte fcfyltcfy fie fyman unb riifyrt' ifym leife bic 5ct?ultcr. IV, 63. mutter unb Sofyn. 55 gutter," fagf er betroffen, ,,$I)r itberrafd)t mid)!"6 5 Unb eilig Jrocfnef er ab bie Xrane, ber jingling eblen (9efitt)(eg. ,,Sie? bu lueineft, mein So^nV" oerfe^te bie Sautter betroffen: fenn' id) bid) nid)t! 3*d) &bt oag ntematg erfafjren ! mag beftemmt bir ba$ .'oerj ? u>a^ tretbt bid), e infant gu fi^en Unter bem SBirnbamn ^ier ? nja^ bringt bir Xra'nen in 70 Stuge ? " Unb e^ naljm fid) jufammen ber trefflidje ^tingling unb fagte: ,,SaI)rlid), bem ift fein erj im e^ernen 33ufen, ber je^o v )?id)t bie 9f ot ber S01enfd)en, ber umgetriebnen, empftnbet; em ift fein <2inn in bem fwupte, ber nid)t um fein etgene 9SoI)I fic^ Unb um be$ 33aterlanb^ So^l in biefen Xagen be- 75 fiimmert. Sag id) fjeute gefefin unb gefyo'rt, bag ritljrte bag erj mir; Unb nun ging id) fyeraug unb fa{) bie ^errtic^e, meite ^anbfdjaft, bie fid) tor ung in frud)tbaren .f)itgetn umfier* fdjKngt ; bie gotbene ^rucf)t ben arben entgegen fid) neigen, 56 IV. (Euterpe. so Unb ein retdjlidjes Cbft un$ ootte $ammern oerfpredjen. Slber, ad) ! ttrie naf) tft ber # einb ! Tie # (uten bes 9?f)eine3 Sdjufcen un$ $war ; bod) ad) ! nia$ finb nun gluten unb fc^redltc^en 3?olt'e, ba3 wie ein ewitter bafjer- fie rufen $ufatnmen au^ alien (Snben bie 85 3Sie ba^ Sitter unb bringen geroattig oor, unb bie SOlenge Sdjeut ben Job md)t; e$ bringt gteid; nad) ber v D?enge bie 3)?enge. 2l(^ ! unb ein eutfdjer tnagt in feinem ,f)aufe ^u bteiben ? offt t)telleic^t ^u entge^en bent alteS bebrot)enben UnfaU? Sttutter, ic^ fag' (5uc^, am {)eutigen Xage 9 )af$ man mii^ neultd) ent[d)u(bigt, ate man bie Streiten* ben au$fa$ 5tu^ ben ^Biirgern. Ji^^^^r ! ic^ bin ber ein^ige 2olm nur, Unb bie SBirtfcfjaft ift gro^, unb im'^tig unfer eroerbe; Stber War' id) nic^t beffer, $n ti>iberftet)en ba orne 5(n ber ren^e, ate fjier }u ermarten (Slenb unb ^ned)t= fdiaft? 95 3?a, mir ^at e$ ber etft gefagt, unb im innerften 53ufen 9?egt fid) 30htt unb ^egier, bem 33aterlanbe $u leben Unb gu fterben, unb anbern ein iDiirbige^ ^Beifpiet 3u geben. HTutter unb Sofyn. 57 2af)did), ware bie $raft ber beutfdjen fammen 2ln ber @renje,erbtinbet, nid)t nad),ugeben ben ftremben, O, fie foltten un$ nidjt ben fyerrltdjen 23oben betreten, Unb nor unferen 3lugen bie gritdjte be^ ^anbe ner^etjren, ben SJJannern gebieten itnb rauben Seiber unb t, SDhttter, mir ift im ttefften ^erjen befdjloffen, 311 tnn unb gletdj, tt)a^ red)t mir beudjt unb toer* ftanbig; iner lange bebenft, ber rocit)(t nid)t imnter ba^ befte. 105 Setjet, id) inerbe nidjt luieber nad) aufe fetjren ! 3?on tjier au e^' id) gerab' in bie tabt unb itbergebe ben Uriegern X)iefen 3trm unb bieS ,f>er^ bem 33aterlanbe gu bienen. Sage ber 33ater at^bann, ob nid)t ber (S{)re efitb,! mir 5tuc() ben Sufen betebt,unb ob id) nid)t ^bfjer I)inauf oerfe^te bebeutenb bie gute, oerftanbige Gutter, Xrcinen oergiepenb, fie famen itjr teid)t(id) ins ,,2ol)n, n?a ()at fid) in Mr oeranbert unb beinem emitte, 1)a bu su beiner Sautter nid)t rebeft, tt)ie geftern unb immer, Cffen unb frei, unb fagft wod beinen SMinfdjen gema us ift? 58 IV. (Euterpe. Dbrte jet em fritter bid) reben, er nn'trbe fitrmafyr bid) ^Bdjlid) toben itnb beinen (5nt[d)(uf$ at* ben ebelften preifen, )urd) bein 2Sort ner[itb,rt unb beine bebeutenben 3?eben. od) id) table bid) nur; betm [ieb/, id) fenne bid) beffer. 120 )u Derbirgft bein )er$ nnb fjaft gan^ anbre ebanfen. id) lueip e^, bid) raft nid)t bie Xrommef, nid)t bie Xrompete, begeb,rft bu }it fdjeinen in ber SDJontur nor ben e3 ift beine ^Beftimmung, fo loader unb brat) bu aud) fonft bift, ju oern)at)ren ba$ au^ nnb [title ba^ getb i ,n beforgen. [age mir [rei: was bringt bid) }n biefer Qnt- [djtie^ung ? " [agte ber Sob.n : $* irret, Gutter. (Sin ft bem anberen gteid). ^er 3itng(ing reifet ^ ^3e[[er int [titten reift er ^ur Xat oft, al$ tm eraufdje SKUben [djmanfenben 8eben$, ba^ mand)en Bungling tierberbt f)at. 130 Unb [o [till id) aud) bin unb mar, fo b,at in ber 33ru[t mir [id) gebitbet ein >eq,ba$ Unred)t Ijaffet unb Unbill, ITtutter unb Sofyn. 59 Unb id) oerftefye red)t gut, bie toeltlidjen inge $u fonbern; 2lud) I)at bie Slrbett ben Slrm unb bte giifte mddjtig ge- ftarfet. Sltted, fiil)!' id), ift irmfyr; id) barf ed fitljnlid) betjaupten. Unb bod) tabelt 3f)r mid) mit 9?ed)t, o Gutter, unb fyabt 135 tnid) 3luf [)atbmal)ren Sorten ertappt unb fjalber 2?erfteftung. , n e ftel)' id) e\5 nur, ntdjt ruft bte naf)e efafyr mid) bem ."paufe bed $ater$, unb uid)t ber fyofye ebanfe, 2)Zeinem 33aterlanb I)ilfreid) ju fein unb fd)recf(id) ben 3Borte waren e^ nur, bie id) fprad) ; fie fottten Dor (Sud) 140 nur Sfteine efit{)(e derftecfen, bie mir bad .'per^ jerrei^en. Unb fo tajH mid), o Gutter ! Denn ba id) oergebtid)e 3Bitnfd)e ege im Sufen, fo mag aud) mein ^eben Dergebtid) id) itieij? ed red)t mol)(: ber (Sinjelne fdjabet fid) felber, fid) I)ingibt, wenn fid) nid)t atte jum au^en be- 145 ftreben." nur fort," fo fagte barauf bie oerftanbige Gutter, mir ^u eqa'ljlen, bad rb^te mie bad ertngfte ; 60 IV. (Euterpe. enn bie Scantier finb fyef tig itnb benfen nur immer Unb bie v'pinbernid treibt bie ^eftigen Ieid)t oon bem SSege; i5o2lber etn $eib ift gefdjidt, ouf 'Dttttel }u benfen, unb nmnbeft 5lud) ben Umroeg, gefdjidt ^n ifjrem wed ^u gelangen. @age mir a((e^ ba()er, tttarum bit fo {)eftig bemegt bift, Ste idj bid) niemal* gefefjn, unb bad 53tut bir matlt in ben Stbern, Siber SSiflen bie Xrane bem Sluge fid) bringt .511 ent= ftiir^en." 155 ^a liberties fid) bem Sdjmer^e ber gute $ tingling tweinte, SSeinte taut an ber ruft ber Gutter nnb fprad) fo er* tt>eid)et : ,,Sat)rtid) ! bed 33ater3 9Bort ()at t)eute mid) franfenb ge= troffen, 3)ad id) mentals nerbient, nid)t fjeut' unb feinen ber Xage. 1)enn bie (Strern ^u eb,ren roar frii^ mein tebfte$, unb niemanb 160 Sdjien mir flitger ^u fein unb roeifer, aid bie mid) er= ^eugten, Unb mit Grnft mir in bunfeler 3 e it ber &inbb,eit geboten. ITTutter un6 Sofyn. 61 3?tele$ fyab' id) fitnuafyr non meinen efpteten gebutbet, SBenn fie mit itcf e mir oft ben guten SSMtten tiergatten ; DftmafS fyab' id) an ilmen nid)t SBurf nod) ie nur finnen, fitr un ju metjren bie ab' unb bie uter, 62 IV. (futerpe. fief) fefber mandjeS ent^iefm, urn ,511 fparen ben $inbern. Slber, ad) ! nid)t ba$ Sparen attein, urn fpa't $u genieBen, 90?ad)t ba fiicf, e* mad)t nirfjt ba litcf ber aufe betm ^wufen, ber 5tcfer am 2lcfer, fo fd)bn fief) bie liter aud) ber 33ater luirb aft, unb mit if)tn altern bie Sb()ne, i8sOf)ne bie ^reube be<5 Xags unb mit ber Sorcje fiir morgen. agt mir unb fd^auet tjinab, nrie f)err(id) (iegen bie fd)bnen, 9?eid)en ebreite nid)t ba, unb unten Steinberg unb arten, !Dort bie efjeunen unb 'Stcifle, bie fcfybne 9?ei()e ber itter ; Slber fef)' id) bann bort ba ^pinterfjau^, ino an bem iebef 190 id) ba^ ^enfter un^ $eigt Don meinem Stitbdjen tm )ad)e ; !t)enf id) bie ^etten jurucf, tr>ie mand)e s )Jad)t id) ben 9#onb fdjon X)ort erroartet unb fd)on fo mand)en Sftorgen bie Sonne, 3S3enn ber gefunbe @d)(af mir nur mentge Stunben genitgte : 3fd) ! ba lommt mir f o einfam for, roie bie Hammer, ber >of unb mutter unb Sofyn. 63 arten, ba3 Ijerrlidje gelb, ba$ iiber Me iigel fid) 195 fyinftrecft ; liegt fo bbe Dor tnir : id) entbefyre ber attin." antinortete brauf bie gute Gutter oerftanbig : , me^r tuimfdjeft bit nid)t, bie SBraut nai^ 5U fiifiren, ber S?ater ed inimfd)t unb bie Gutter. Sir fyabeu bir immer t, ja bid) cjetriebeu, e in 9)?ab(^en ju roafjlen. 200 Stber tnir ift e3 befannt, unb je^o fagt e baJ erj mir : bie tunbe nidjt !ommt r bie redjte, inenn nidjt ba^ red)te jur tunbe fi^ jeigt, fo btetbt ba^ 2Bat)(en im Seiten, Unb e^ unrfet bie $urc()t, bie falfi^e ^u greifen, am meiften. (i()(et, 1)enn bein ^erj ift getroffen unb tnefyr al^ gembljntic^ empfinbHd). ^ gerab' nur fyerauS, benn mir f(^on fagt e$ bie eele ; 9ftabd)en ift'8, ba^ uertriebene, bie bu gemafylt l)aft." 64 IV, (Euterpe. ,,8iebe ^hitter, 3f)r fogt'e!" oerfebte (ebfjaft ber Sotjn braiif. 210 nS&r fie iffs! unb fiifyr' id) fie nid)t ale 33raut mir nad) eute nod), jie^et fie fort, nerfdjnrinbet tite((eid)t mtr auf immer 3n ber 33eni)trrung bee $rieg iinb im traurtgen tn= unb er^tet)Tt. IWutter, eiDtg umfonft gebet()t tnir bte reid)e 53efii?ung !ann tior 3lugett ; umfonft ftnb fimfttge 3 a ^) re m i r frudjtbar. 215^0, bae gewotjnte ^>aue unb ber (Garten tft mir ^u^ ttriber ; 5td) ! unb bie Ciebe ber 9)?utter, fie felbft nid)t trbftet ben Strmen. )enn ee tdfet bie ?tebe, bae jnty' id), jegltdje anbe, SBenn fie bie i^rigen fnitpft; unb nidjt bae DMbdjen adetn IS j?t unb Gutter guriicf, tt>enn fie bem enpcif)teten 3ann f olgt ; ber 3ngUng, er metR ntd)te me^r Don Gutter unb 95ater, SBenn er bae 9)?abd)en fie^t, bae ein^iggeltebte, banon= 3)arum laffet mid) gefjn, wof)in bie 33er3Weiffung mid) antretbt. flutter unb Sofyn. 65 tneitt Sparer, er fyat bie entfdjeibenben Sorte ge- fprodjen, Unb fein ,f>au^ ift nid)t nte^r ba$ tneine, toenn er ba$ 2(u*fd)(ieJ3t, ba# id) atlein nad) au^ 511 fitt)ren begetjre." 225 )a uerfe^te betjenb bte gute, berftcinbige Gutter : ,,@te^en nne gelfen bod) ^luei banner gegetteincmber! Unbeinegt unb [10(5 un'(( fetner bent anbern fid) niil)ern, Reiner ^um guten SBorte, bent erften, bie 3 un 9 e beluegen. T^arum fag' id) bir, eo()n : nod) tebt bie ^offnung in 230 meinem .'per^en, ba er fie bir, menn fie gut unb brat) ift, Derlobe, Cbgleid) arm, fo entfdjieben er aud) bie Strme Derfagt b^at. T)enn er rebet gar mandjeS in feiner ^eftigen 5trt aM, 1)a^ er bod) nid)t uodbringt ; fo gibt er aud) pt ba^ 5?er- fagte. Stber ein guted Sort t>er(angt er unb fann e^ oerlangen ; 235 J)enn er ift S3ater! 2(ud) iniffen mir rooljt, fein 3 orn ift nad) Xifdje, 3So er t)eftiger fprid)t unb anberer ritnbe bejmeifelt, 9?ie bebeutenb; e$ reget ber SSein bann jeglidje Uraft auf eeine^ fyeftigen SBoUen^ unb (a'^t i^n bie SBorte ber anbern s ?Jid)t uernefymen, er l)ort unb fitt)tt atleine fid) fetber. 240 66 IV. (Euterpe. 5lber e fommt ber 2tbenb fyeran, unb bie melen efprddje @inb nun ^ftifdjen ifym unb fetnen greunben geroed)fe(t. SlftUber ift er fitrtua^r, id) tt)etf$, luenn ba 9?ciufd)d)en feorbei ift, Hub er ba Unredjt fiitjtt, ba^ er anbern tebfyaft er^eigte. 245 ^omm! tt)ir wagen e3 g(eid); bad ^rif^eutagte gerdt nur, Hub inir bebitrfen ber ^reunbe, bie je^o bet Hjm nod) tierfantmeft <2i^en; befonber^ tnirb un3 ber iDilrbige (^eift(td)e ^etfen." SUfo fprad) fie be^enbe unb jog, dom @tetne fid) ^ebenb, 2(ud) ttom errn ber 2tpot()efer beim SBtrte, llnb eg war bag efpra'd) noc^ immer ebenbagfelbe, T^ag ttel I)in unb ^er nafy alien Setten qefuljrt inarb. ?lber ber treffUcfje ^farrer nerfetjte, tuitrbig gefinn^s brauf: r ,2Siberfpred)en wttt ic^ @ud) ntdjt. ^c^ tuei eg, ber 3ttettfd) foil 3mmcr ftreben sum 33effern; unb, njte wtr fel)en, er ftrebt auc^ 3mmer bem )bf)eren nad), 1 ,um wenigften furf)t er ba 5(ber gefjt nid)t .ju meit ! >enn neben biefen efiti)(en 67 68 V. Polyhymnia. 10 ab bie }?atur un* aud) bie Vuft }u tierfyarren im 2Uten, Unb fid) beffen 511 freun, n>a$ jeber lange gewofynt ift. 9U(er ,3uftanb ift gut, ber natiir(id) ift unb uerniinftig. nwnfdjt fid) ber 9ftenfd), unb bod) bebarf er nur luenig ; bie Xage finb fur}, unb befdjranft ber 2terbiid)en is Wemat^ tab!' id) ben 9ftann, ber immer, tdtig unb raftfo* Hmgetrieben, ba^ 9D?eer unb atte StraBen ber (5rbe $uh,n unb emfig befcitjrt unb fid) bee enrinnee erfreuet, J9eld)er fid) reidjlid) um ih,n unb urn bie Seinen fjerum^ ^auft; 5tber jener ift aud). mir roert, ber ru()ige Burger, 20 "Der fein oater(id) (Srbe mit ftiUen 5d)ritten umge()et, Unb bie (Srbe beforgt, fo wie t* bie Stunben gebieten. oeranbert fid) ifym in jebem $afye ber $oben, ftredt eilig ber 33aum, ber neugepflan^te, bie 3(rme egen ben ^)immet au^, mit reid)Ud)en ^3(itten ge^ieret. ^ein, ber 3)Jonn bebarf ber ebutb; er bebarf aud) be3 retnen, 3ntmer g(eid)en, rub,tgen Sinn^ unb bed graben 2$er- ftanbeg. !Denn nur toenige (Samen Dertraut er ber naf)renben Srbe, Senige Xiere nur oerftefyt er mel)renb ^u }ieb,en; Der IDeltbiirger. 69 e Metbt attem [em ganger ebanfe. (SMiid(td), uiem bte "Jtatur em fo geftimmtes emitt gab! 30 (Sr erntifiret un a tie. Unb eil bem 33iirger be^ ffeinen @ta'btcf)en, ine(rf)er tanb(td) ewerb tntt SBitrgergetoerb poort ! 5luf it)m ttegt ntrf)t ber J)ru(f, ber a'ngft(id) ben 8anb^ mann be[d)ranfet; dertDtrrt nifyt bte orge ber oie(beget)renben Stcibter, ie bem ^etcfjeren ftet^ unb ben ^)d^eren, toenig oer^ss mbgenb, gemofjnt finb, befonber^ bte SBeiber unb (gegnet tntmer barum be^ Sof)ne$ tuf)tg -Sentit^en, Unb bte atttn, bte einft er, bte gtetc^gefinnte, fid) Sllfo fprac^ er. (5^ trot bte Gutter jngleid) mtt bem <2o^n ein, ftitfjrenb t^n bet ber ^)anb unb Dor ben atten tt)n ftettenb. ,,3?ater/' [prad; fie, ,,tm'e oft gebadjten h)tr, untereinanber 2c^aia^enb, be# frot)(i(^en Xag^, ber fommen ttritrbe, tpenn funftig Hermann, feme 33raut fi^ ertDa^Ienb, un^ enbttc^ erfrente ! TO V. polyt?ymnta. in unb nrieber batten nnr ba; ba(b biefeS, batb jene$ 459ttabrf)en beftimmten nnr ifytn mit e(ter(irf)em efdjnxi^e. ift er fommen, ber ag ; nun t)at bie 33raut ifynt ber >ergefitf)rt unb gqek|t, e^ ^at fein )eq nun ent[d)ieben. Sagten lt)ir bamal^ ntd)t immer: er (ode felber fid) inafjten? Sitnfdjteft bu nidjt nod) uorljin, er mbdjte ()eiter unb (ebtjaft ^ur ein 9)Zabd)en empfinbenV 5Jun ift bie Stunbe gef omnten ! 3a, er fyat gefitt)(t unb genicit)lt unb ift mann(id) ent= fd)ieben. ^eueg 9J?cibd)en tft'8, bie ?frembe, bie il)m begegnet. tb fie i^m; ober er b(eibt, fo fd)tnur er, itn lebigen Stanbe." Unb e fagte ber Solnt: f ,^te gebt mir, i^ater! x ^?ein er^ t)at $Rem unb fidjer geivti^It; Gud) ift fie bie mitrbigfte Slber ber 3?ater fdjmieg. X)o ftcmb ber (^eiftlid)e fd)neU auf, ba^ SBort unb fprad): ,,Der ?tugenblicf nur ent^ fdjeibet Der ZDeltbu'rger. 71 Uber ba$ 8eben bed SWenfdjen unb itber fern efdjicfe; >enn nad) longer 33eratung tft bod) ein feber (Jntfdjluft nur 3Ber! be s D?oment3, e ergreift bod) nur ber 33erftanb'ge 60 r gefal)vltd)er ift'^, beim Sa^ten biefe^ unb j s !)Jebenl)er p bebenfen unb [o ba efit^I su oenmrren. 9^etn ift ^permann; id) fenn' t()n Don ^}ugenb auf ; unb er ftrecfte at Unabe bie anbe ntc^t au$ nad) btefem unb jenem. er begeb,rte, ba^ war ifynt gema'B ; l"o ^ie(t er e$ 65 feft aud). ib ntdjt fd)eu unb dennunbert, bafc nun auf einmat erfd)einet, ^f) 1 " f ^ an 9 e geit)itn[d)t. Q$ tjat bie (Jrfc^einung fttrwa^r nid)t bie eftatt be^ 2Bunfd)e3, |o mie 3^ i^n e *toa gef)eget. X)enn bie Sitnfdje toerptten un^ fetbft ba^ eiDiJn[d)te; bie aben ,^omnten oon oben fyerab, in it)ren eignen eftatten. 7 yinn oerfennet e^ nid)t, bad 9JMbd)en, ba^ Surem getiebten, uten, oerftanbigen ot)n jucrft bie @ee(e bemegt ^at. 72 V. liicflid) ift ber, bent fogleid) bte erfic eliebte bie em ber UebUd)fte 3Bunfd) nidjt l)eim(id) im ,s;)er$en uerfd)mad)tet ! 75 $a, id) f e fy' e # if) m a ttf e ^ ift f e i edjtcffal entfdjteben. Sat)re x Jietgung Dodenbet fog(etd) gum 9ftanne ben betneg(id) ift er; id) fitrd)te, toerfagt ^f)r tl bie ^a^re ba^in, bte fdjbnften, in trattrigem !Do Derfe^te fog(eid) ber 3(potl)efer bebitd)ttg, so )em f d)on lange bad 2Bort t>on ber Vippe 5u f pringen bereit nxtr: ,,^a^t un^ and) biedtnal bod) nur bie 3)?itteIftraBe be= treten! ,(SUe ntit SSeite !' ba^ luar fetbft ^aifer Stuguftus' erne fd)icf' id) mid) an, ben (teben s )Jad)barn $u bienen, SWeinen geringen 3?erftanb ^u it)rent ^Jutjen ju braud)en; 8sltnb befonberd bebarf bie ^ugenb, ba^ man fie leite. mid) alfo tjinaM; id) tnid e priifen, bad s H?cibd)en, ill bie emeinbe befragen, in ber fie (ebt unb befannt ift. 9?iemanb betritgt mid) fo (etd)t; id) ttet bie Sorte ^u Der tDeltbiirger. 73 >a oerfe^te fog(eid) ber ob,n tutt geflitgelren Morten: ,.ut e$, ^arfjbor, unb gefyt unb erfunbigt Chid). Stber id) tt>itnfd)e, >afe ber err ^farrer fid) audj in (Surer efettfdjaft befinbe; ^wet fo treffttd^e SDfrmtter finb unoennerflit^e ^eugen. D, meitt 35ater! fie ift nid)t Jjergetaufett, bo^ QJJabrfjen, ^eine, bie burrf) ba ^anb aitf Slbenteiter rnnfjerfdjtteift, Unb ben -^imgting beftrtcft, ben nnerfafyrnen, 9?cinfen. , baS niilbe efd^id be^ afloerberbli^en riege3, bie Selt jerftort unb mandjeS fefte ebciube tS bem runbe gel)oben, b,at aucfy bie 9lrme oer* trieben. @treifen nii^t ^errtic^e banner Don fjofyer eburt nun int Gtenb? $itrften f(ie()en tierntummt, unb ^onige (eben oerbannet. 100 5td), fo ift and) fie, &on itjren d) lt)e f tertl ^ e ^> e f te r 3lu bem anbe getrieben; ib,r eigned Unglitrf nergeffenb, ( 2tet)t fie anberen bei, ift ofjne ."pilfe nod) b,ilfreic^. rop finb jammer nub 9iot, bie itber bie (Srbe fid) bret= ten; ottte nid)t aud^ ein littf au biefent Ungtitcf fyeroorgefjn, 105 Unb id), im 3lrtne ber 53raut, ber suoertaffigen attin, nid)t erfreuen be^ $rteg$, fo lt)ie Gucb, freutet?" "4 V. t)a erfel?te ber 3?ater unb tat bebeurenb ben $)hmb auf: ,,2Bie ift, o ofytt, bir Me ,$unge 9 e ^ft, bie fdion bir im noange 3af) re geftocft unb nur fid) bitrftig betnegte! id) bod) fjeut' erfafjren, was iebem 33ater gebro()t ift: ben SBttfen be^ So^, ben fyeftigen, gerne bie Gutter 5tUsugeItnb begiinfttgt, unb jeber >)?ad)bar Cartel ntmmt, SBenn e^ itber ben $ater nur ^erge^t ober ben (Sfymann. id) H)UI (5ud) ^ufammen nid)t iniberfte^en ; enn id) fefje bod) fd)on fyier Xro^ unb Xranen im nor- unb priifet unb bringt in otte3 9Jamen bie orf)ter tr in^ au^; too nidjt, fo tnog er ba3 SOZabdjen Der* geffen." 5ll[o ber SBater. 6* rtef ber Sofjn mit fro^er e* barbe: 120 ,,9?orf) nor 5lbenb ift Cmrf) bie trefflid)fte Xodjter be(d)eret, ie fie ber SO^ann fid) nwnfdjt, bem ein Kuger Sinn in ber 53ruft lebt. liicf(id) ift bie ute bann aud), fo barf id) es fioffen. Der XDcltbiirgcr. 75 3a, fie banfet tnir etuig, baf? id) iljr $ater unb Gutter SBiebergegeben in (Slid), fo tine fie nerftanbige Sinber ifiM'mfdjen. 9Iber id) jaubre nidjt tneljr; id) fdjirre bie 125 tetd) unb fitl)re bie $reunbe t)inau auf bie Spur ber etiebten, ilbertaffe bie Scanner fid) felbft unb ber eigenen Slug* iieit, ^Hid)te, fo fdjiubr' id) (Sud) p, mid) gan$ nad) ib.rer fd)eibung, Unb id) feb/ e nid)t nrieber, a(^ bi^ e$ mein ift, Unb fo ging er ^inau^, inbeffen mandje^ bie anbern 130 2Bei(td) erwogen unb fdjnefl bie niid)tige ad)e be- fprad)en. Hermann eitte jum (Static fog(eid), mo bie mutigen engfte 9f{ut)ig ftanben unb rafd) ben reinen >af"er Derje^rten, Unb ba trorfene $eu, auf ber beften 3Biefe get)auen. (Sitig legf er U)nen barauf ba^ btanfe ($ebifj an, 135 ^og bie 9?iemen fogleid) burd) bie fdjonoerfilberten Sdjnaflen, Unb befeftigte bann bie langen, breiteren 3 u 9 e ^ ^itl)rte bie ^ferbe b,erau^ in ben ,f)of, mo ber undige fdjon 76 V. Polyhymnia. $orgefd)oben bie f utfrfje, fie ktrfjt an ber )eicf)fel be- roegenb. i4o2lbgemeffen fnitpften fie brauf an bie 3Sage ntit faubern tricfen bte rafcfye Uraft ber Ieid)tf)in$iel)enben ^ferbe. ^ermann fafete bie ^eitfrfje; bann fa er itnb roftt' in ben Xortoeg. 2U^ bie ^reitnbe nun gfeidj bie geraumtgen ^la^e ge= nommen, Oolite ber SBagen ei(ig itnb lie^ ba ^flafter jurucfe, 145 $tef? juritd bie Pattern ber (2tabt unb bte reinlic^en itrme. So fit^r ^ermann bal)in, ber luotjlbefannten Gijauffee ju, S'Jafcf), nnb faumete nii^t nnb fu^r bergan ttiie berg- unter. 211^ er aber nunmefyr ben 3^urm be3 X)orfe^ erbtitfte, Unb nirfjt fern ntefyr (agen bte gartenumgebenen , ( paufer r isoX)acf)t' er bei fid) fetbft, nun anju^atten bie bem mitrbtgen X)unfe( er^abener Sinben umfd^at- tet r tt^rijunberte fdjon an biefer teKe geinuqett, SSar mit 9?afen bebecft ein metier gritnenber 5tnger 33or bem )orfe, ben ^Sauern nnb na^en Stabtern ein Suftort. i 55 ^(arfigegraben befanb fii^ unter ben ^3aumen ein 33run= nen. Der HMtbfirger. 77 Stieg man bie Stufen fyinab, fo jeigten fid) fteinerne um bie Guefle gefefct, bie immev lebenbig quott, iKeintid), mit niebriger 9J?auer gefaftt, ju fd)6pfen be* quemltd). Hermann aber bef^to^, in btefent @cf)atten bie ^ferbe SOHt bem SBagen ju fjalten. (Sr tat fo nnb fagte bie 160 SKorte: ,,2teiget, greunbe, nun an^ unb ge^t, bantit 3t)r er- fafiret, )b ba^ 90?a'brf)en auc^ iwert ber anb fet, bie ic^ i^r biete. ,3tt)ar id) gtaub' e, unb tnir erjat)tt ^^r nidj unb <2e(tne3; Stt' ic^ aKein $u tun, fo ging' ic^ befyenb ju bem Unb mit iwnigen SSorten entf^iebe bie ute meim6s Sc^icffat. Unb $f)r werbet fie balb Dor alien anbern ertennen; enn tt)ot)( fd)toer(id) ift an Sitbung it)r eine Dergleirf): bar. Stber id) geb' (gud) noc^ bie ^eic^en ber reinfidjen ^leiber: 5)enn ber rote 8a oerjiert ben gefc^meibigen Sorter @d)b'n gefc^niirt, unb e^ Uegt ba fdjmarge 9J?ieber it)r 170 fnapp an; 78 V. Sauber fyat fie ben 2aum be* ,s;>cmbe$ }ur $raufe gefaltet, )ie ifyr ba &inn- umgibt, ba* runbe, mit reinlidjer Stnmut; $rei unb fyeiter ^eicjt fid) be< ^opfe^ }ter(td)e3 (girunb; Star! finb tiietmat bie 3opf e urn filbertte s Jlabe(n ge= raicfett; 175 53ielgefaltet unb b(au faticjt unter bem ^a^e ber O^ocf an, Unb umfd)Iagt tfyr im et)n bie mol)(gebilbeten ^nodjeL X)od) ba mitt id) (Slid) fagen unb nod) mir ausbritdlid) erbitten : gingen barauf bie $reunbe bem Dorf su, 2Bo in a'rten unb Sdjeunen unb wufern bie 3J?enge 18.5 SSimmette, ^arrn an arrn bie breite tra^e bal)in ftanb. Der tDeltburger. 79 oerforgten ba$ britflenbe S3tet) unb bie an ben Sagen, e trorfneten emfig auf alien >e fc^en. 2l(^ ber (Sfeifmdp nutt bie ?Rebe be^ SWanne^ oernommen Unb ben rul)igen einn beei fremben ^Kic^ter^ entbecfte, rat er an it)n ^eran itnb fpra^ bie bebeutenben Sorte: 210 ,,23ater, f itriua^r, inenn ba^ 33otf in gtiicf (tc^en Xagen ba^= fyinlebt, 33on ber Srbe firf) ntifyrenb, bie roeit nnb breit fid) auftut, Unb bie ennitnfd)ten aben in 3 a ^ ren un ^ 9)?onben ernenert, J)a ge{)t aUe Don fefbft, unb jeber ift fid) ber .^(itgfte 3Bie ber -Sefte; unb fo befte^en fie nebeneinanber, 215 Unb ber Dernimftigfte 9J?ann ift nrie ein anbrer ge^aften: Senn maS at(e gefdjie^t, ge^t ftiK n)ie bon felber ben (^ang fort. Slber ^erriittet bie "Diot bie gemofyntidjen Sege beei Per IPcItburger. 81 ii?t ba$ ebaube nieber iinb ttwljtet arten imb Saat urn, reibt ben 9ftann unb baS SSeib uom 9?cmme ber trait= tidjen Sofynung, 2d)feppt in bie $rre fa fort burd) angftlidje age unb 220 Std)! ba fiefjt man fid) urn, toer mo^t ber tterftdnbtgfte 3Jlann fei, Unb er rebet nidjt meljr bie fjerrlidjen 3Sorte Dergeben^. eagt mir, SBater, 3t)r feib gemij? ber 9?id)ter don biefen ^-(itd)tigen SO^annern, ber 3^ r f9^id) bie emitter berufjigt ? 3a, 3^ r erfdjeint mir fyenf a(^ etner ber cilteften ^it^rer, 225 burd) SBitften nnb 3rren dertriebene hotter geteitet. f id) bod) eben, id) rebe mit 3ofua ober mit Unb e^ nerfet^te barauf mit ernftem Slide ber 9?id)ter: ,,Sat>r(id), unfcre 3 e ^ ergteid)t fid) ben fettenften bie efd)id)te bemerft, bie {jeilige tm'e bie gemeine. 230 tt)er geftern nnb I)eut' in biefen Xagen getebt b,at, fdjon f}al)re getebt; fo brd'ngen fid) atte efd)id)ten. f id) ein toenig juriicf, fo fd)eint mir ein graiteS Sitter Stuf bent >cmpte ju (iegen, unb bod) ift bie $raft nod) tebenbig. C, toir anberen bitrfen un^ tt)ob,( mit jenen oerg(eid)en, 235 82 V. >enen in ernfter Stunb' erfdjien im feurigen 33ufd)e ott ber err; and) iinS erfdjien er in &olfen unb Better." 211^ nun ber ^farrer barauf nocf) meiter ,$u fprerfjen geneigt )t)ar Unb ba @cf)tcffal bed DJZann^ nnb ber Seinen ^u f)bren Derfancjte, be^enb ber efa^rte mit I)eim(id)en SBorten tnd mit bem 5Rid)ter nur fort, unb bringt ba^ c^ cmf bod ^abrfjen. SIber i(^ gef)e ^erum, fie auf^ufudjen, unb fomme Sieber, fobatb id) fie finbe." (5d ntcfte ber ^farrer bagegen, Unb burd) bie ^>eden unb arten unb @d)eunen fudjte ber opa'fjer. ttlio. 3 nun ber geiftttcfye err ben frentben 9?id)ter be- fragte, bte emeine gelitten, nn'e (ang fie toon an[e der= trieben, 8agte ber Wlann barauf : ,,Wvfyt fnr^ finb nnfere geiben; S)enn wir fyaben bo^ 33ittre ber [omtlic^en ^afyre ge* trunlen, Scared Itc^cr, loett aud) un^ bte fc^onfte ^offnnng jerftiJrt s warb. 3)enn ttier (eugnet e mo^t, ba ^oc^ fid) ba3 ^erg ifjm er^oben, 3fym bie freiere ^Bruft mit reineren ^Jitlfen gef^Iagen, 31(8 fic^ ber erfte lan$ ber neuen Sonne ^eran^ob, 21I man t)jjrte oont 9?ec^te ber ^enfc^en, ba alien gemein fei, 83 84 VI. Klio. ber begeifternben greifjeit itnb oon ber Ibblidjen feid)I)eit ! )atnat3 fyoffte jeber fid) felbft 311 teben; e frfjien fid) 2lufsu(bfen ba 93anb, ba Diete 1'anber umftrtcfte, >a3 ber DJJii^tggang unb ber gtgennu^ in ber anb f)telt. Sdjaiiten nid)t aHe SSdtfer in jenen brangenben Xagen y j?arf) ber auptftabt ber 2Be(t, bie e^ frfpn fo tange gettiefen, Unb je^t me^r a( je ben fyerrlidjen Xiamen oerbiente ? Saren nid)t jener banner, ber erften 3?erfiinber ber ben fybdjften gtetrf), bie unter bie Sterne gefe^t finb? ntrfjt jeglidjem 3)?enfrf)en ber SOiut unb ber eift unb bie 20 ,,Unb U)tr tt)aren perft, ai% 51acf)barn, (ebfjaft entjunbet. )raitf begann ber ^rieg, unb bie 3 u 9 e beroaffneter ^ronfen S'Jucften nafyer; alkin fie fd)ienen nur greunbfdjaft ^u bringen. llnb bie "bradjten fie aud); benn i^nen erf)b{)t h)ar bie 2l(Ien; fie pftan^ten mtt ?uft bie munteren 33tiume ber Das eitalter. 85 bad ^etne Derfprecfyenb nnb jebem bte eigne 25 9?egierung ; .pod) erfreute fid) ba bte ^ugenb, fidj freute bad SUter, Unb ber muntere Xanj begann urn bte neue tanbarte. eo geinannen fie balb, bte itbenntegenben L ^ranfen, (Srft ber banner etft mtt f eurtgem, munterm ^Begmnen, !Dann bte erjen ber SBetber tnit unwibcrftc^ticf)cr 30 5tntnut. fetbft fd)ien iinS ber ^rucf beg dielbebitrfenben IriegeS; bte ^offnung iimft^ttjebtc cor utifern Slitgen bie gerne, Cocfte bte S3(icfe I)tnau in neuertfffnete ,,O, wie fro^ ift bie geit, iwentt mit ber SBraut fid) ber tm ^tanje, ben Xog ber genmnfdjten binbitng erniartenb ! Slber t)errtt(f)er mar bie $tit, in ber nn^ ba^ 6rf)fte, SBa ber 9JZenfd) fid) benft, aid na^ unb erretd)bar fid) jetgte. 3)a mar febem bte 3 un 9 e gelijft; ed fprac^en bie reife, Scanner unb ^itngtinge taut Doll ^o^en @innd unb ,,3lber ber ^)immet tri'tbte fid) balb. Urn ben 23orteil 40 ber .'perrfdjaft 86 VI. tflio. Stritt ein t>erberbte efdjtedjr, unwiirbig batf ute ju frfiaffen. <2ie ermorbeten fief) unb unterbritrften bie neuen ftadjbarn unb 39riiber unb fanbten bie eigennii&ige 3)?enge. Unb es pra^ten bei un$ bie Cbern unb raubten im gropen, 45 Unb e3 raubten unb praj?ten bi^ $u bem ^(etnften bie Vie men; 3eber fc^ien nur beforgt, e^ bteibe roae itbrtg fitr morgen. 2ltf$ugroB ^ar bie ^]ot, unb togfirf) muc^^ bie ^3ebritcfung; 9?iemanb dernafym ba^ e[rf)rei, fie woven bie 2)a fie( Summer unb SSut auc^ felbft ein gefapne^ @e^ miit an ; 50 $eber faun nur unb fdjtmir, bie ^3e(eibigung alle ju racfjen Unb ben bittern 3?ertuft ber boppett betrogenen .'ooffnung. Unb e^ uienbete fid) ba$ Iiicf auf bie Seite ber frf)en, Unb ber granfe flo^ mit eiligen 9Jttrfd)en ^uritcfe. 5(rf), ba fii^Iten tDtr erft ba^ traurige Scf)icffa( ssXienn ber Sieger tft gro^ unb gut; ^um menigften fdjeint er'f, Unb er fdjonet ben 9Jlann, ben befiegten, al$ mar' er ber Seine, m taglid) nii^t unb mit ben (Bittern il)m bienet. Das <3ettalter. 87 2lber ber ${itd)tige fennt fein efe; benn er ttefjrt nur ben Job ab Unb derjefyret nur fdjnelt itnb ofyne 9?itcffid)t bie (fitter. )ann ift fetn emitt and) erfyi^t, itnb e$ fefyrt bie 33er* 60 jtoeiflung bent erjen fjeroor ba^ freoel^ofte ^3eginnen. ift ^etttg tl)tn nte^r; er raubt e^ unb ptitnbert mit i'tberaU fte^t er ben Xob nnb gente^t bie (e^ten 3}Jinnten raufant, frettt ftc^ be ^3(ut unb freut fic^ beS ben ,,rimntig erfyob fid) barauf in unfern Qftannern bie 65 S3ut nun, $er(orne ju ritrfien unb gu derteib'gen bie ergriff bie Saffen, getodt don ber (Site be3 Unb dom btaffen eftdjt unb frf)eu unftdjeren ^RaftloS nun erftang ba3 etbn ber ftitrmenben locfe, Unb bie funffge efaf)r ^ielt nidjt bie grimntige Sut auf. 2c!)neft dennanbette fid) be gelbbau^ friebtidje 9?uftung Nun in 3Se^re; ba troff don 53(ute abet unb @enfe. D^ne 53egnabigung fie( ber $einb unb o^ne fd)onung; iiberaW rafte bie Sut unb bie feige tucfifdje 88 VI. tflio. 7s9ftb'd)t' id) ben 9J?enfdjen bod) nie in biefer fdjnb'ben 33erirrung SBteberfefyn ! >a3 nwtenbe Xier ift ein befferer Slnblicf. Spred)' er bod) nte oon ^reifyeit, ats fonn' er fid) fetber regieren ! go^gebunben erfcfyeint, fobatb bie 2cf)ranfen ()tntt)eg finb, ofe, ba^ ttef ba efe^ in bie 2Binfel $urueftrieb." so ,,Xreff litter 9J?ann!" nerfe^te borauf ber ^farrer mit ,,Senn ^^ r ^ en 3Kenfrf)cn fcerfennt, fo fann ic baritm nicf)t frfjelten ; abt $b/r ^ 0( i) ^ofee genug erfitten com njiiften Se= ginnen! 9BoI(tet $lj r aber jurucf bie traurigen Xage bur^fdjauen, ^r fclbcr geftetjen, tt)ie oft 3^ auc ^ ute crbltrftct, XreffHcfje, bad oerborgen btetbt in bent ^er^en, iftegt bie efatjr e^ nidjt auf, unb brangt bie >J?ot nidjt ben SJJenfc^en, er ate (Snget fid) 1 5 eig r , erfdjeine ben anbern ein Sdntfcgott." Cdd^etnb t>erfete barauf ber alte, murbige 9ftd)ter: erinnert mi^ flug, ic oft nacb, bent ^Branbe be Das ^eitalter. 89 >JKan ben betritbten SBefitser an (Mb unb itber erin-go nert, )a$ gefd)mol}en im 2d)utt nun itberblieben gerftreut tiegt. 2Benig ift eg fitrttafyr, bod) and) bag SSenige fb'fttid) ; Unb ber SBerarmte grabet tf)tn na^ unb freut fic^ be3 Unb fo feljr' id) and) gern bte fyeitern ebanfen 311 jenen ^Senigen guten Xaten, bie anfbetua^rt ba ebarf)tntg. 95 $a, ic^ \mU e nirf)t (engnen, i(^ fat) fief) $einbe Der* fol)nen, Urn bie 2tabt Dotn libel ju retten; id) fal) audf) ber greunbe, 2af) ber (5Itern iHeb'unb ber Hinber Unmbglirf)e inagen; Sat), )me ber ^imgting auf einmat jum Sftann warb ; fa^, tt)ie ber rei& fid) SBieber derjitngte, ba$ ^tnb fid) fetbft at^ 3 un 9ling i< enttjitttte. 3a, unb ba^ fdjmadje efc^tec^t, fo wie eg geiwotjnfid) genannt luirb, 3eigte fid) tapfer unb ma^tig unb gegenniartigen eifteg. Unb fo Iat mid) tor atten ber fd)5nen at nod^ enoatjuen, ie t)od)t)erjig ein Sfttibdjen oottbrad)te, bie trefftic^e ^ungfrau, ?ie auf bent gro^en etib'ft atlein mit ben S0?abd)en 105 guritrf btieb ; 90 VI. tflio. $>enn e toaren bie banner aud) gegen bie gretnben ge- jogen. )a itberftet ben $of ein Xrupp fcertaufnen efinbe(3, ^liittbernb, unb brangte fogleid) \id) in bie Dimmer ber ^rauen. (2ie erblirften ba^ 33Ub ber fc^on ermarfjfenen ^iingfran no Unb bie Iteblirfjen 9J?(ibd)en, nod) efjer ^inber ^u l)eien. a ergriffen fie btanfe^ enjetjr; fie ftitrinten gefitt)((o^ Stuf bie ^itternbe Scfyar unb auf<5 Ijodjljer^ige v DMbdjen. Slber fie ri bem einen fogleid) Don ber Seite ben iibel, i^n nieber geiuaftig; er ftiiqf il)r btutenb ^u us 5)ann mtt mannlidjen eitalter. 91 9tber ba trat Ijerbet ber S 3lpotl)efer befyenbe, ,$upfte ben geifttidjen t embe^ pr traufe gefattet, Unb utngibt it)r ba$ tinn, ba^ runbe, nttt reinlidjer 5tnmut ; 92 VI. 140 grei unb Better $eigt fid) be$ .f opfe* }ter(id)e$ tiirunb, llnb bie ftarfen ,3opfe um fitberne 9tobefn gerotcfeit ; @ifct fie gleid), fo fefyen nrir bodj bie treff(id)e Unb ben btauen 9?ocf, ber otetgefaltet om I)eruntertt)atlt jum mol)(flebi(beten el, fie ift'>. 2)riim fommet, bamtt lutr oer= ne^men, Ob fie gut unb tugenbljaft fei, ein fyauSlidjeS 2J?abd)en." oerfe^te ber ^farrer, ntit Slicfen bie i^enbe pritfenb : fie ben Bungling ent5it(ft, fttrnjo^r, e3 ift mir fein SKunber ; $)enn fie ^att Dor bent 33tt(f be erfafjrenen SJJanne^ bie 'Probe. 150 fttcf lid), h)em boc^ Gutter 9Jatur bie recite eftatt gab! )enn fie empfie^tet i^n ftettf, unb nirgenb<5 ift er ein trembling. ^eber na^et fid) gern, unb jeber mb'^te Dermeifen, SBenn bie efaKtgfeit nur fic^ }U ber eftott nod) gefedet. 3d) Derfidjr' (Sud), e^ ift bent Bungling ein 93?abd)en ge= funben, 155 )a$ i()nt bie fitnftigen Xage be^ ^eben^ l)err(id) erfyeitert, Xreu ntit Rieibtidier ^raft burd) nUe ^eiten ifjm betftel)t. <5o ein oodfontntener Hdrper ge)i oerroafyrt aud) bie Pas <3eitalter. 93 9?ein, unb bie ritftige ^ugenb &erfprid)t em glitcftidjeS Sitter." Unb e3 fagte barauf ber 5Ipott)efer bebenftid) : ,,ritget bod) bfter ber d)ein! $d) mag bent Shiftera 160 nidjt trauen ; >enn id) t)abe bad prtcf)n)ort fo oft erprobet gefunben: ,@tj' bit ben cfyeffet a(j mit bent neuen 33efannten oerjeljret, Tarfft bit nidjt tetd)ttici) tt)m trauen; bid) mad)t bie 3^it niir gemiffer, SSie bu e^ fjabeft mit H)m, unb tt)ie bie greunbfcfyaft befte^e. Vaffct un^ atfo jucrft bei guten ^euten un umtun, 165 ba^ ^abi^en befannt ift, nnb bie im$ Don ifyr nun er^a^Ien." id) fobe bie SSorftc^t/' tierfe^te ber eiftlicfje folgenb; in wir bod) nid)t fttr un^ ! pr anbere fretn ift be^ benftid)." Unb fie gingen barauf bent macfern 9?id)ter entgegen, 1)er in feinen efdja'ften bie Strafe imeber tjerauffam. 170 Unb ^u it)m fprad) fogteid) ber ftuge ^farrer mit S3orfic^t: ff (agt ! nrir t)aben ein s JKabd)en gefef)n, ba^ im arten Sunad)ft l)ier 94 VI. lilto. llnter bent Slpfelbaum fifct unb ^inbern SHeiber tierfertigt Slug getragnem attun, ber tt)r Dermuttid) gefdjenft luarb. 175 Ung gefiel bie eftatt; fie fdjeint ber 3Saderen eine. Saget ung, wag $fy im^t ; unr fragen aM (6b(id)er Stbfidjt." Site, in ben orten ^u bltcfen, ber 9?id)ter fogteid) nun fyequtrat, Sagf er: ,,5)ie[e fennet 3fyr fc^on ; benn menn id) er= 95on ber {jerrtic^en Xat, bie fene ^ungfran oerridjtet, i8o2U3 fie ba^ d)rt)ert ergrtff itnb fid) unb bie 3I)ren be> fdjit^te - !Diefe mor'^ \ $ty fe^t ee it)r on, fie ift ritftig geboren, Slber fo gut tt)ie ftarf ; benn ifyren alien 3?ermanbten s j?ifegte fie bi^ jum Xobe, ba it)n ber jammer botjinrti? ttber be^ Stabtdjen* ^ot unb feiner 33efitjung efa{)ren. i8 5 5lud) mit ftitfem emiit t)at fie bie 3d)tneqen ertragen Uber be^ 53rautigamg ob, ber, ein ebter Bungling, im erften fteuer beg I)o^en ebanfeng, nad) ebter ^reit)eit ^u ftre= ben, 8etbft Ringing nac^ ^artg unb ba(b ben fdjrecfUdjen ob fanb; 3)enn irie ju aufe, fo bort, beftritt er SBHrtitr unb Das <3eitaltcr. 95 9llfo fagte ber 9Ud)ter. )ie beiben fd)ieben imb banften, llnb ber eiftltdje jog ein otbftitd (ba itber be# Sar Dor einigen tunben Don it)tn fdjon mitbe Der= fpenbet, Stt'g er bie ${itd)tltnge fat) in traurigen ^wnfen Dor= beijtetjn), llnb er retcfyf ex bem d)ufjen unb fagte: ,,eitet ben pfennig Unter bie )i'trfttgen au^,unb (ott Derme^re bie abe!" 195 Dorf) e<5 luetgerte fid) ber 9)?ann unb fagte: ,,2Bir ^aben 9J?and)en Xater gerettet unb mandje .tletber unb a oerfe^te ber ^farrer unb britdt' ib.m ba^ etb in bie ^>anb ein: ,, v )2iemanb faume ju geben in biefen Xagen, unb niemanb aco SBeigre fid) an^uneb,men, wa^ ib,m bie 9ftt(be geboten ! Niemanb meift, trie tang' er e l)at, ma er ruf)ig befi^et; ^ientanb, inie tang er nod) in frentben ^anben umtjerjietjt Unb beg 9lder3 entbeljrt unb be^ (Gartens, ber tb,n er- ncitiret." ,,(5t bod)!" fagte barauf ber 2lpot()efer gefd)a'ftig, 205 mtr }et nur etb in ber afd)e, fo fotttet fjaben, 96 VI. Klio. rof? wie flein; benn triete genri$ ber (guren bebitrfen'3. Unbefcfyenft bod) toff id) (gud) nidjt, bamit 3f)r ben S&itten efjet, rooferne bie Xat and) fjinter bem SSiflen juriicf^ bleibt." 2io3l(fo fprac^ er unb jog ben geftictten lebernen 33eitte( Sin ben 9?tenten tjerdor, roorin ber Xobad t^m oennaljrt tt>ar, Offnete jterti^ unb teilte; ba fonben ftc^ eintge ^fetfen. ,,$Hetn ift bie abe/' fcfet' er ba$u. Do fogtc ber ,,uter Xobacf ift boc^ bem SRetfenben immer nn((fom= men." 215 Unb e^ lobte barauf ber Stpotfjefer ben Mnafter. Slber ber ^farrfyerr jog i^n tjinweg, unb fie fdjieben Dont 5Rid)ter. ,,(Uen mir!" fprot^ ber Derftanbige SDJann, ,,e^ martet ber ^iingting ^einli^. (gr pre fo f^netl a(3 mbglic^ bie Unb fie eitten unb !amen unb fanben ben ^itngting gete^net 220 2ln ben Sagen unter ben 8inben. Die ^ferbe ^cr* ftampften ben 9?afen; er t)te(t fie im ebanfen, Das ^citaltcr. 97 53(tcfte ftill cor fid) f)in unb fafy bie ftveunbe nid)t efyer, is fie fomtnenb if)n riefen unb frol)lid)e 3eid)en ^ m gaben. turn feme begann ber 2lpot^efer ju fprerfjen; Tod) fie traten ttafyer ^in^u. X)a fa^te ber ^farrfyerr 225 eine v'panb unb fprad) unb na^nt bem efa^rten ba# SBort meg: ,,|)et( btr, junger Wlann ! bein treue $uge, bein treue^ ^at ridjtig gema^tt ! Iitcf btr unb bem SSeibe ber 5)einer ift fie inert; brum fomm unb twenbe ben So* gen, Taft mir fa^renb fog(eid) bie (Sde be^ "Dorfe^ erreidjen, 230 Urn fie irerben unb ba(b nad) aufe fitt)ren bie ute." 5(ber ber ^i'^fl^wg ftanb, unb drt' er bie 3Borte be$ ^Boten, bie t)imm(ifd) tnaren unb trijfttid), Seuf^ete tief unb fprad): ,,2Bir fanten tnit ettenbem Unb rt)ir jie^en DieWeidjt befdjamt unb (angfam nad) 235 aufe; enn ^ter ^at mid), feitbem id) marte, bie @orge be* fatten, unb 3 We if el uni) a ^ e ^/ Wa * nur e ' franft. 98 VI. tflio. Icwbt $I)r, roenn unr nur fommen, fo merbe bo$ $)Mbd)en uns fofgen, 2Bei( ttrir reid) finb, abev fie arm unb Dertrieben em* fyeqtefyt? 24o2lrmut felbft marf)t ftot" v bie itnoerbtente. enitgfam Sc^eint ba^ 2)?abrf)en iinb tatifl; unb fo gefybrt il)r bie SBdt an. taubt -^l)r, ee fei etn 2Betb Don fotdjer Scf)cin()eit unb itte 5lufgeit)acf)ten, urn nie ben guten .^tingling su rei^en? taubt .^tyr, fie t)abe bi^ je|t tfyr ^)er^ nerfd)(offen ber nid)t rafd) bid fjinan; luir mbd)ten ^u unfrer ^Befdjdmung adjte bie ^?ferbe I)erum nad) ,f)aufe lenfen. ^^ fitrd)te, ein .^mtgfing befit3t biee ^er^, unb bie nxidere (5ingefd)(agen unb fdjon bent @(itd : (id)en Irene ter= fprod^en. 5(d)! ba fteb/ id) or tb,r mit meinem Slntrag befdjamet." 250 t $fyn ju trbften, offnete brauf ber ^farrer ben fd)on; e$ fie{ ber efab.rte ntit fetner gefpradjigen 2(rt ein: Das <5eitalter. 99 ,,greilid)! fo uia'ren nrir nid)t tiorjeiten oerlegen geroefen, )a ein jebed efd)aft nad) feiner Seife t>ol(bracf)t toarb. fatten bte gftern bie 33raut fitr t^ren So^n fic^ er[et)en, 2Sarb jut)5rbcrft ein ^-reunb dom au(e oertraulid^ 255 geritfen; Diefen fanbte man bann al6 ^reiergmonn jit ben (gtter-n t?er erforenen ^Braut, ber bann in ftottlirfjem ^u^e Sonntag^ ettoa nacf) Xtfcfje ben rtritrbtgen ^Biirger be* [ud)te, ^reunblidje SSorte mtt il)m tnt oHgemeinen jUDbrberft 2Bed)(e(nb, itnb flug ba^ efpra'd) git lenfen unb inenben 260 tterftefyenb. ad) tangent Umfdjroetf luarb aitc^ ber 2:oc^ter erui(it)net, r unb rittjmlt^ bed SOtonnS unb be $aufe6, Don bent man gefonbt war. Ceute mer!ten bte 5tbfid)t; ber fluge efanbte SJJerfte ben SBiden gar balb unb fonnte fid) roe tier er* ftaren. ?e!)nte ben Slntrag man ab, fo rt)ar aud) ein orb nic^t 265 t>erbrteJ3lid). 5tber getang e^ benn aud), fo mar ber ftreierSmann im* mer 3n bent ^aufe ber (irfte bei jebcm f)aue(id)en ftcfte; "Denn eS erinnerte fid) burd)^ gan^e 8cben bad (St)paar, bie gefdjicfte ,f)anb ben erften ,fnoten gefd)(ungen. 100 VI. 270.3^ ift aber bag alteg mit anbern guten ebraudjen Slug ber Sftobe getommen, unb jeber freit fur fief) felber. Stefyme benn jeglidjer aucf) ben $orb mit etgenen anben, )er ifym ettoa befdjert ift, uub ftefye befd)dmt Dor bem 9d)en!" 3, )Dte i^m auc^ fei!" Derfe^te ber ber laum auf bie SBorte ge^ort unb fcfyon fid) im ftitlen ent- frf)(offen; rp @e(ber ge^' id^ unb ttrifl mein Sc^icffaf fetber erfaljren 2lu bem 90^unbe be 9J?abrf)en, ju bem id^ ba grbfjte S3ertraueu |>ege, ba^ irgenb ein 9ftenfrf) nur je ju bem 2Beibe ge* fie fagt, ba^ ift gut, eg ift oernitnftig, bag nietf? id). 280 8olt id) fie aud) jum te^tenmal fel)n, f o unit id) nod) ein= mal )tefem offenen 33U(f beg fdjumnen 3lugeg begegnen; ill ben 3J?unb noc^ feljen, oon bem ein u% unb bag lU(flid) macf)t auf ertig, bag s J?ein mic^ auf ett)ig $er- ftfiret. Slber la^t mic^ allein! 3^ r f ^ n ^t warten. 33egebet 285 (Sucf) ^u 3Sater unb DJZutter juriicf , bamit fie erfaljren, Das etta(ter. 101 >aft fid) ber @ot)n nid)t geirrt, unb baft e wert ift, ba3 Unb fo taftt mid) attetn! en ftuftmeg uber ben w Sin bem SBirnbaum l)tn unb unfern SSetnberg Ijinunter e^' id) nafjer nad) au f e surtid . ?, baft id) bie Xraute greubig unb fd)ne(( if>n ftt^rte! 33teUeid)t and) ft^teit^'ago id) atteine 3ene ^fabe nad) |)au unb betrete frof) fie nid)t wieber." SUfo fprad) er unb gab bem geifttidjen ervn bie 3 u 9 e ^ )er oerftanbig fie faftte, bie fdjaumenben QfJoffe be^err* fdjenb, SdjneH ben Sagen beftieg unb ben @i be^ gu^rer^ befe^te. Slber bu jauberteft nod), tiorfid)tiger 91ad)bar, unb 295 fagteft: ,,erne oertrau' id), mein $reunb, (5ud) eel' unb eift unb emitt an: Iber tfeib unb ebein ift nid)t jum beften DertDa^ret, 2Benn bie geiftlidje anb ber luelttidjen 39 e t fid) anmaftt." bu lad)etteft brauf, derftanbiger ^farrer, unb fagteft: nur ein unb getroft bertraut mir ben Cetb n)te3< bie @eele; 102 VI. )enn gefdjirft tft bie wnb fdjon lange, ben ^itflet 5 Unb ba3 Slugc geitbt, bte fimftttdjfte Senbung $u trcffcn )enn loir waven in 3 trap burg gemofint ben SKagen ^u tenfen, irf) ben jungen ^Baron ba()in begteitete; tcigltd) ber SBagen, geteitet Don mir, ba^ (jallenbe Tor burd), Staubtge Sege ^inaud bi^ fern }u ben Stuen unb Vtnben 3)?ttten burd) 2(^aren bevJ 3?o(f$, ba mit pa^teren ben Xag tebt." getrbftet beftteg barauf ber v )?ad)bar ben SBagen, irte etner, ber fic^ jinn metdlt^en Sprunge berettet; 3 io Unb bie ett 91* te vannten nad) aufe, begteng bes 3(ber bie SBoIfe be^ 5taub8 quo(( unter ben madjtigen i^ange nod) ftanb ber -Bungling unb fa() ben 2taub fid) erfjeben, ben <2taub fid^ ^crftreun; fo ftanb er o^ne e^ banfen. *ie ber wanbernbe Sftann, ber dor bem Sinfen ber Sonne a fid) anbere bod) mit bem SBaffer be ^orfe^ begnitgen ? ilid) ift bte^ oott befonberer ^raft unb Iteb(id) 511 f often. ranfen bringft bu e3 tto^f, bie bu treulid) gerettet?" greunblid) begrii^te fog(eid) ba3 gute 3)Zabd)en ben ^imgting, Dorothea. 105 ad): ,,@o ift fdjon fjier ber Seg mtr sum 33runnen betofynet, a id) finbe ben ($uten, ber un3 fo t>iele$ gereidjt t)at; Denn ber Slttblicf be$ eber^ ift toie bie aben er- f ommt unb fetjet bod) fetber, toer Sure SO^ttbe genoffen, Unb empfcmget ben rn^igen !Danf don alien (Srqnirften. -3^ r a ^ er fogfetd) oerne^met, marum id) gelommen, gu fd)dpfen, mo rein unb unabtoffig ber OueK ' id) (Sud) bte: e^ fyaben bie untorfid)tigen SSaffer getrubt tm 3)orfe, mtt ^ferben unb Od)fen teid) burdjiuotenb ben Oueft, ber SBaffer bringt ben 33ett>ol)nern. Unb fo ^aben fie aud) ntit 3Safd)en unb 9?einigen atle Xrbge be S)orfeg befdjntu^t unb affe ^3runnen befubelt; )enn ein jeglidjer benft nur r fid) felbft unb ba^ nad)fte 35 Sd)neII ju befrieb'gen unb rafd), unb ntd)t be^ gotgenben benft er." 5ltfo fprad) fie unb mar bie breiten (Stufen l)inunter Wit bem eg(eiter getangt; unb auf ba 9)Za'uerd)en fe^ten fid) nieber best Quells. @ie beugte fid) iiber, ju fd)b'|)fen; 106 VII. (Erato. 4 oltnb er faj^te ben anberen rug unb beugte fid) itber. Unb fie fafyen gefpiegett ifyr 33Ub in ber 33(aue imb nicften fid) $u unb gritjften fid) freunb* lid) im Spiegel. ,,8afe mid) trinfen," fogte barouf ber fyeitere Bungling; Unb fie reidjf it)m ben ^rug. )ann rul)ten fie beibe, tiertrautid) 4s2luf bte efafee getetjnt; fie aber fogte jum ^reunbe: , ttrie finb' id) bic^ ^ier unb ofyne SBagen unb gerne oom Ort, mo id) erft bid) gefetjn? wie bift bu gefomtnen?" !Denfenb fc^aute ^erntann jut (Srbe, bann t)ob er bie (Ufe ig gegen fie auf unb fa^ iijr freunblic^ in 5luge, fid) ftill unb gerroft. 3' e ^ 0( ^ ty* tion ^i e ^ e i u fpre^en, iir' iljm unmoglid) gemefen ; i^r Sluge blirfte nic^t 5lber fjetlen SBerftanb, unb gebot, iierftanbig ju reben. Unb er faftte fic^ fdjnelt unb fagte trautid) ^um 9}?dbd)en: ,,^afe mid) reben, mein inb, unb beine ^rngen ent)tbern. 55 "Deinetwegen fant ic^ ^ier^er! ma^ foil id)'3 tierbergenV J)enn id) lebe begtiicft mit beiben liebenben (gttern, ,,afj mid? trtnfen," fagte barauf bcr tjeitere Bungling. VII, 43. Dorothea. 107 enen id) treutid) ba$ au$ unb bie liter fyelfe Der- ttatten, 2tt3 ber ein^ige @of)n, unb unfre efdjafte finb uietfacf). 3Ute getber beforg' id); ber 33ater maltet tm ^oufe gtet^tg; bie tatige Gutter belebt tm ganjen bie SSirt= ftftft 5lber bit I)aft gerai^ auc^ erfa^ren, inie fe^r ba^ efittbe 53a(b burrf) Ceic^tfinn unb batb burd) Untreu ptoget bie |)au3frait, ^turner fie nbttgt ju toedjfeln unb ^ef)(er urn ^etjler ju taufd)en. ?ange niiinf^te bie Gutter bal)er jic^ ein 9)?abd)en hn mit ber wnb nid)t atlein, ba* aud) mit bem if>r plfe, ber Jotter tatt, ber teiber fru^e dertornen. , al3 id) ^eut' am SBagen bid) fat), in frofyer e* nianbtfyeit, Sat) bie Starfe be^ 2lrm3 unb bie oolte efunb^eit ber fieber, 511^ id) bie SBorte oernat)m, bie oerftanbigen, trar id) betroffen, Unb id) eitte nad) au f e ' ^ en GItcrn unb greunben bie 7 grembe ^itt)menb nact) i^rem S5erbienft. ^un fomm' id) Mr aber ^u fagen, 108 VII. (grato. fie nriinfdjen, nrie id). ^erjeil)' mir bie ftotternbe SKebe." ,,@rf)eiiet (Sud) nidjt," fo fagte fie brauf, , r ba SBeitre 311 fpredjen; 3r mirf) aid 9J?agb fur SJater unb Gutter, 3u Derfefjen ba^ au^, ba tt)of)ter^a(ten (Surf) baftefjt ; llnb -3^r glaubet an mir ein titrf)tige 3J?a'bd)en 511 finben, 3u ber 3lrbeit gefd)icft unb nid^t oon rodent emitte. so @uer 2lntrag war furj ; f o folt bie 5tntmort aurf) fur^ fetn. Sa, id^ ge^e mit (5u^ unb fotge bent 9^ufe be Sd)idfate. DJJeine ^fltc^t ift erfiidt, i(^ ^abe bie Sranf(icf)e iDieber $u ben 3t) re fi gebrad)t, fie freuen fidj a((e ber 9Jettung ; n finb bie meiften betfammen, bie iibrigen toerben firf) finben. ben!en geit)i^, in fur^en Xagen jur eimat 3Bieberpfe{)ren ; fo pffegt fii^ ftet ber 33ertriebne ju Slber id) taufc^e mi^ nic^t mit tetdjter ^offnung in biefen Straurtgen agen, bie un< nod) traurige age oerfpredjen; gelbft finb bie 23anbe ber SBett ; tuer Initpfet fie niieber Dorothea. 109 WU attein nur Me N JJot, bie f)b'd)fte, Me un beDorftefyt! 90 $ann id) im aufe be nntrbigen Cannes mid) biettenb erncifyren Unter ben 2lugen ber trefftidjen $rau, fo tu' id) eS gerne ; "Denn ein manbernbe^ 9)?iibd)en ift tmmer Don f^wan- fenbem 9?ufe. .^a, id) get)e mit (Slid), fobalb id) bie ^ritge ben $rennben Siebergebrad)t iinb nod) mir ben egen ber uten er* 95 beten. ftomnit! 3^r mitffet fie fefyen unb mid^ bon ifjnen empfangen." t)brte ber ^^Qting be^ wiUigen 3tneifelnb, ob er tyr nun bie 2Bafjrf)eit fottte geftel)en. Slber e3 fd)ien iljm ba befte 311 fetn, in bem SBatjn fie gu (affen r 3n fein au$ fie ju fit^ren, ^u roerben um ^iebe nur 100 bort erft. 2ld) ! unb ben gotbenen 9Jing erbticft' er am fthtger be^ Unb fo Heft er fie fpredjen unb fyorcfyte ftetpig ben Morten. M 8afjt un/' futjr fie nun fort, ,,jurii(fe fefjren! SJiabdjen 110 VII. er= tvetten ; io 5 llnb bodj tft e am rinnenben Cued fo (ieb(irf) 511 2Hfo ftanben fie aiif itnb frfjauten betbe nocf) einmal $n ben 53runnen gitritcf, unb fii^eS 33er(angen ergriff fie. ^cfyroetgenb nal)m fie barauf bte beiben .^ritge betm (Stieg bie Stitfen ^inan r unb ^ermann folgte ber ?teben. iio(5men ^rug nertangt' er tion Hjr, bie Sitrbe jit tetten. ,,Sa^t i^n," fprac^ fie ; ,,e3 tragt fief) beffer bie gleic^ere Saft fo. llnb ber err, ber fiinftig befie^tt, er foil mir nirfjt bienen. @ef)t midj fo ernft nic^t an, ate ttmre mein bebenfli^ ! Bienen (erne beijeiten ba^ Seib nac^ i^rer mung ; n S X)enn burd^ Bienen atlein gelangt fie enb(id) j 3u ber oerbienten en)alt, bie bod) il)r im aufe ge^bret. SMenet bie Scfjiuefter bem ^3ruber bod) friif), fie bienet ben (Sttern, llnb i^r ^eben ift immer ein enrigeS @ef)en unb H ommen, Dorothea. Ill Ober em v*peben unb Xragen, 33ereiten unb @d)affen fitr anbre. 2Bot)l ifyr, tt>enn fie barcm fid) getoofynt, baft fein 23kg il)r 120 gu fauer 3Birb, unb bte 'Stunben ber 57arf)t ifyr finb tote bte titnben bei Xage^, tf)r ntemal^ bte Arbeit ju ftetn unb bte v ^abet 311 fetn bitnft, fie fief) a,an$ oevgt^t nnb teben mag nur in anbern! old SKutter, fitrwa^r, bebarf fie ber Jngenben a((e; ^ifl banner oerbunben ertritgen nid)t biefe ^8t- 125 fd)it>erbe, Unb fie fatten e nid)t ; bod) folten fie banfbar e^ einfe^n." Sltfo fprad) fie nnb mar mit tf)rem ftiUen 33eg(etter ben arten gefomtnen bt^ an bie Xenne ber 253o bie fran!e gran tag, bie fie frof) mit ben 5d)tern oerlaffen, gevetteten 9)Zdbd)en, ben fdjonen ^Bitbern ber i 30 Unfcfiulb. traten fjinein ; unb non ber anberen Seite Xrat, ein tinb an jegltcfjer $anb, ber l;}fid)ter jngletd) ein. X)iefe waren bt^{)er ber jammernben Gutter Dertoren ; 112 VII. a tranfen bte ftinber, 140 Unb bte ^ronflicfye tranf mit ben Xb^tern, fo tranf and) ber 9?id)ter. Side maren gele^t unb lobten ba^ b,errlid)e SBoffer ; auerlid) tuor'g nnb erquicflid), gefunb 311 trinfen ben StRenf^en. !Do toerfefcte ba^ SOJabdjen ntit ernften 53(tcfen unb fagte : ,,^reunbe, biefeS ift niot)( ba^ (e^te 9J?aI, ba^ id) ben i 45 gub,re jum 3)?unbe, ba id) bte ^'ippen mit SBaffcr (5ud) ne^e; Stber menu (5ud) fortan am ^ei^en Xoge ber Xrunf (abt, 3Benn Sfy im @d)atten ber 9?ul)' unb ber reinen Oueden genie^et, gebenfet and) mein unb meine^ freunbltrfjen !Den id) au^ Siebe meb,r a(^ au^ 3?enuanbtfd)aft getetftet. Dorothea. 113 l)r tnir ute$ erjetgt, erfenn' id) burd)$ funftige i SO eben. llngern taff id) Surf) $tDar ; bod) jeber ift bieSmal bem anbern 2ftel)r jur aft al$ sum Xroft, unb atte mitffen wir enbltd) Und im fremben ^anbe jerftreun, menn bie 9?it(ffe^r Der* fagt tft. 2et)t, ^ter fte^t ber ^u^Qting, bem n.nr bie (9aben Der* batt!en, X)iefe ^)iitle be ^inb^ unb jene tm'dfommeue epeife. 155 ^tefer fommt unb mirbt, in fetnem ."pau^ mid) $tt fe^en, Dap id) biene bafetbft ben reidjen trefftidjen GItern ; Unb id) fdjlag' e^ nidjt ab ; benn iiberatt bienet ba# SERiibdjen, Unb ifjr mare jur ?aft, bebient im |)aufe ju rut)en. Slffo fotg' id) ifym gern ; er |~d)eint ein oerftanbiger ^^fl 5 16 ling, Unb fo Uierben bie (Sttern esJ fein, inie 9?eid)en ge^iemet. Darum (ebet nun tuot)!, getiebte greunbin, nnb freuet Gud) be$ lebenbigen 8ciug(ing^, ber fd)on fo gefunb @ud) anblicft. X)ritdet ^fyr itjn an bie ^Bruft in biefen farbigen Sicfeln, O r fo ge^enfet be ^i^^ing^, be^ guten, ber fie un 165 reidjte, Unb ber fitnftig and) mid), bie Chire, nafjret unb fteibet. 114 VII. (Erato. Unb 3f)r, treffticfjer 9ftann," fo fprad) fie geiuenbet $um ,,)abet anf, baft 3^ r 2?ater mtr mart in mancfyertei fallen." llnb fie fntete barauf jur guten ftranftidjen nieber, bie rteinenbe 5lber bu fagteft tnbe^, e^rwiirbiger ffiidjter, ,u er- mann : ,,33UItg fetb 3i)r, o greunb, 311 ben guten Strten p 3 at) ten, X'te mtt titrfjtigett 9)?enfd)en ben anef)a(t 511 fiitjren beboc^t finb. i(^ f)abe tuotjl oft gefefjn, bap man $tinber unb 175 So nne Sc^afe genait bet Jaufrf) unb anbet betractjtet ; Slber ben ^Jlenfc^en, ber atte^ erfyatt, menn er titcf)tig unb gut ift, Unb ber afle3 ^erftreut unb jerftort burt^ fa(fd)ee 33egtnnen, X)tefen ntmmt man nur fo auf Iiicf unb oM ein, Unb bereuet ju fpat ein iibereittee (Sntf i8o2(ber e^ ft^eint, ^tjr t)erfte^t'f ; benn 3tjr ^abt ein ennafylet, Dorothea. 115 311 bienen im mu3 unb (Suren (SItern, ba3 brao ift. altet fie aio()( ! $l)r tterbet, fo tang fie ber Sirtfdjaft fid) anttimmt, 9Md)t bie Sdjroefter tiermiffen, nod) (Sure (gltern bie Xodjter." SStete famen inbe^, ber ^ranfUdjen nafje 3Sern)anbte, 9J?and)e^ brtngenb unb ifjv bie be [fere 2Bot)nung t3er* 185 fitnbenb. Side Dernatjmen be^ 9ftabd)en3 (5ntfcf)Iu unb fegneten t bebeutenben ^3ttcfen unb mil befonbern ebanfen. fo fagte tuof)( eine ^ur anbern flu^tig cms OI)r l)tn : ,,3Senn au3 bent ^>errn etn ^Briiutigam nrirb, fo ift fie geborgen." ermann fate barauf fie bet ber wnb an unb fagte : 190 ,,$afj un^ gel)en ; e^ neigt fic^ ber Jag unb fern ift ba$ tabtdjen." ?ebt)aft gefprac^ig umannten barauf Twotfyeen bie SBeibcr. Hermann jog fie fyinuieg ; noc^ oiele ritfee befall fie. 5tber ba fielen bie Slinber ntit d)rein unb entfe(id)ent SBeinen 3?^v in bie $Ieiber unb rtoKten bie jlpeite Gutter nic^t 195 laffen. 116 VII. ie in SSolfen fid) tief, genritterbrofyenb, DerfyUltte, bem Sc^teier, balb ^ier ba(b bort, mit gtiifienben itber ba^ getb bie af)nung^Do(Ie 33e(eud)tung. ,,9)?oge ba^ bro^enbe ^Better," fo fagte ermatttt, ,,nic^t s etina 8c^(oBen un^ bringen iinb fyeftigen uj? ; benn fd)on ift bie (Srnte." Unb fie freuten fid) beibe be^ ^o^en, roanfenben ^orne^, Da* bie 3)urcf)fd)reitenben faft, bie fjotjen eftatten, er^ reic^te. Unb e fagte barauf ba3 9J?abd)en ^unt (eitenben ^rennbe : ,,nter, bem ic^ sunadjft ein freunblid) Sc^icffal oerbanfe, 10 117 118 VIII. JlTelpomenc. unb $ad), menu tm greien fo mandjem SBertriebnen ber Sturm braut, aget mir je^t Dor attem unb ferret bie Crltern mid) fetmen, ^enen id) fi'mftig 311 btenen Don ganger ee(e geneigt bin ; enn fennt |emonb ben |)errn, fo fann er ifym (eid)ter genng tun, Senn er bte )inge bebenft, bte jenem bie wtdjttgften fdjeinen, Unb auf bte er ben inn, ben feftbeftimmten, gefe^t ^at. X^arum faget mir bod) : mte genrinn' id) initer unb Unb e$ oerfe^te bagegen ber gute, Derftanbige Bungling : ,,O, ttrie geb' id) bir red)t, bu f(uge, treff(id)ee 2)?cibd)en, 5>aj? bu juoorberft bid) nad) bent <2tnne ber (Sltern be= frageft ! IDenn fo ftrebf id) bisfjer oergeben^, bent 53ater }u bienen, id) ber SSirtfdjaft mid) a(J tnie ber meiuigen an= ben SWer unb fpat unb fo beforgenb ben Seinberg. 9)Zeine Gutter befriebigf id) mol)(, fie 25 Unb fo nrirft bu t^r and) ba trefflidjfte 9J?abd)en fdjeinen, )ermann unb Dorothea. 119 $S3enn tm ba$ >au3 beforgft, al$ ttienn bit ba3 beine be- badjteft. 5lber bem 23ater nidjt fo ; benn biefer Uebet ben @d)em and). ute 9UMbd)en, fyalte mid) ntdjt fitr fait imb gefittjtlo^, SBetin it^ ben $ater btr fogleti^, ber ^remben, entfyittte. $a, id) fdjtuijr' c, ba3 erfte 9J?Ql iff 8, ba^ fret ntir ei SSort bie ^itnge tterla^t, bie nidjt u fc^nio^en getuo^nt ift; 5Iber bit tocfft ntir ^erdor oM ber 33rttft ein jebe 2Ser- trauen. (Stnige ^ierbe tterlangt ber gnte 33ater im Seben, S5?imfrf)et cmftere 3 e ^ en feer ^tebe, fo tone ber 3?er- ef)ritng, Unb er iniirbe oielleii^t tom fcfjlec^teren Wiener be=ss friebigt, bie nritBte ^n ntt^en, ttnb iwitrbe bem befferen gram fein." grettbtg fagte fie brauf, gugteirf) bie frfjnetferen X)urc^ ben bttnfelnben ^fab derboppetnb mit leister ^Be= iDegung : ,,^3eibe jufammen fjoff id) fttrtoaljr jufrtcbcn ju ftcfien ; !Denn ber Gutter @inn ift urie mein eigeneg SBefen, 40 Unb ber au^eren 3ierbe bin id) con ^ugenb nid)t frembe. 120 VIII. IHcIpomcnc. Unfere iftad)barn, bie ^ranfen, in ifjren fritfyeren ^eiten telten ouf oflid)feit Diet ; fie mar bem gMen itnb 33i'trger Sie ben 33auern gemein, unb jeber empfafil fie ben Seinen. 45 Unb fo brad)ten bei und auf beutfdjer 2eite geroofjnfid) bie Stnber be^ 3Korgen* mit ^ftnbeftiffen unb ben (Sltern unb I)telten fittHdj ben lag J, wad id) geternt unb mad id) Don jung auf geroot)nt bin, Sad tion ,t)erjen mir gefjt, ic^ mill eo bem 3Uten er= ^eigen. 5 o2lber roer fagt mir nunmetjr : mie foil id) bir felber be= gegnen, ir, bem etn.jtgen @ot)n unb fitnftig meinem ebieter?" 2llfo fprarf) fie, unb eben gelangten fie unter ben 2M bautn. errlid) glftttjte ber s JO?onb, ber ootte, Dom ^immel tjer^ unter ; mar'd, o((ig bebecft bad le^te Sc^immern ber 55 Unb f o lagen tior ifynen in 9)?affen gegeneinanber, ?id)ter, fjeU mie ber Xag, unb Sdjarten bunfeler x ^(id)te. Hermann unb Dorothea. 121 Unb e fyb'rte bie ftrage, bie freunblidje, gent in bem Sdjatten ^ermann be$ Ijerrlidjen 33aum# am Orte, ber ifym fo lieb tt>ar, Ter nod) Ijeute bie Xranen urn feine 33ertrtebne gefefyen. Unb inbem fie fid) nieber ein tuenig p ru^en gefe^et, 60 3agte ber liebenbe ^itngting, bie wnb be^ ITRcibdjen^ ergreifenb : ,,aj} bein erj btr e3 fagen unb folg' i^m frei nur in attem.'' Slber er magte fein tneitere SBort, fo fefyr and) bie tunbe itnftig inar ; er fiird)tete, nur ein s j?ein ju ereiten, 2W), unb er f itt)(te ben 9?ing am finger, ba^ fd)mers(id)e 65 3eid)en, 5ltfo fapen fie ftifl unb fd)it>eigenb nebeneinanber ; 5lber ba^ 9)Zabd)en begann unb fagte ; ,,SBte finb' id) be3 ."perrtidjen Sd)ein fo fit ! er ift ber flarljeit be g(eid). ' id) bod) bort in ber Stabt bie aufer beutlid) unb bem iebet ein ^enfter ; mid) beudjt, id) 30^(6 bie 70 djeiben." bu fiefyft," oerfe^te barauf ber gefyaltcne Bung- ling, 122 VIII. melpomene. ,,!Da8 ift unfere SSoljnung, in bie id) rtieber bid) fiifyre, llnb bieS $enfter bort ift meineS Dimmers * in Q&fyt, tiiefletdjt ba$ beine nun nrirb ; nrir oeranbern int gelber finb unfer, fie retfen jur ntorgenben Grnte. tm Sd)atten aiofien lt>ir rul)n unb be^ 3)?af)(e3 ge- nie^en. Slber ta^ un3 nunme^r t)inab burc^ Seinberg unb arten teigen ; benn fief), e3 ritdt ba fdjtuere e nutter {jer* itber, 2Better(euc^tenb unb batb Derfd)Iingenb ben (ieblidjen SSottmonb." so Unb fo ftauben fie auf unb manbelten niebev ba^ ^-e(b f)tn urd) bo^ mad)ttge torn, ber nci^ttidjen ^(ar()ett fid) freuenb ; Unb fie nwren ,^um SSeinberg gelangt unb traten tn^ >unfef. Unb fo (eitef er fie bie trielen flatten f)tnunter, )te, unbefjauen gelegt, aB Stufen bienten int aubgang. fc^ritt fie fyinab, auf feinen edjultern bie Unb mit fc^n)an!enben icf)tern burd) ?aub itberblicfte ber 9J?onb fie, iangfam fcfyrttt fie tjinab, auf fcinctt 5d?ultern Me f^Sttbc. VIII, 85. I}ermann unb Dorothea. 123 (SI)' er, non Settent>o(fen umfyitflt, im unfetn ba3 ftit^te ber (Starfe ba$ 2ftabd)en, ba$ itber iljn Merging ; 5lber fie, unfunbig be^ tetg unb ber rofjeren titfett, i^etjlte tretenb, e^ !nad te ber gu, fie brofjte ^u fatten. 90 (Silig ftrecfte geiuanbt ber finnige ^timjKng ben Strm empor bie etiebte ; fie fan! tfym leif auf bie Sdjulter. fie dert)et)(te ben Srfjmerj unb fagte bie ben SBorte: bebeutet 33erbritB, fo fagen bebenf(id)e Ceute, 2Benn betm Gintritt tn^ ^>au^ ntd)t fern Don bergs (d)tt)ette ber $u fnacft. ^)att' id) ntir bod) fitnuafyr ein beffere^ ,3 e ^ en W'- it)imfd)et ! ^ap nn^ ein rcenig Derweifen, bamit bid) bie (iltern nid)t tabeln 3Begen ber l)infenben 9Wagb, unb ein fd)Ied)ter SBirt bu erfdjeineft." Urania. , bie 3a$ ben ebu(b'gen gute^t unb ben Ungebulbigen auf- nimmt, Unb gar ba(b ein britcfenbe^ 2)ad) ]n tragen beftimmt ift.' 5l(Iev5 fab, id) fogleid) im (Meifte nrirf(td) gefd)eb,en, Sab, bie ^Bretter gefitgt unb bie fdjmar^e ^arbe bereitet, Sa^ gebutbig nunmeb,r unb fyarrete ru()ig ber ^utfd)e. 9?ennen anbere nun in ^ueife(()after (Srroartung Ungebdrbig b,erum, ba mu^ id) be3 Sargev5 gebenfen." 2lusftd?t. 127 gtidjelnb fagte ber ^farrer: ,,T>e$ obe$ ritf}renbe$45 ilb ftef)t cfjt a(3 cijrecfen bem SSeifen unb nidjt ate (gnbe bem 3ier tft," faflt' cr, ,,ein 2ftabd)en, fo twe $f)r im aufe fie nriinfdjet. ieber 3?ater, empfanget fie gut; fie tierbient eS. Unb Hebe SDhitter, befragt fie fogleid) nad) bent gcnr 5 en Umfang ber 2Btrtfd)aft, ^o 3^ r f e ^)^ tote f e fy r f* e tierbient, (Sud) nafyer 511 icerben." giltg fitt)rf er baraiif ben treffltdjen ^farrer beifeite, : ,,SBUrbiger vf)err, nun I)etft mir au3 biefer ^t- forgnt^ unb Ibfet ben ^noten, oor beffen (Sntwitftung id) fc^aubre. X)enn tdj tjobe ba^ SSJiob^en at^ metne SBraut nti^t geworben, (Sonbern fie gtaubt, al SD^agb in ba &au% ju get)n, unb id) fitrd)te, jDa^ uniuinig fie fliefyt, fobatb wir gebenfen ber ^eirat. 70 3tber entf i^ieben fet e3 f ogtei^ ! 5Ud)t liinger im 3rr= turn o(I fie bfeiben, une id) nit^t (anger ben ^uieifel ertrage. (Silet unb jeiget and) I)ier bie SeiSfjeit, bie wir oeret)ren !" Unb e menbete fi<^ ber eiftlidje gleic^ ^ur efellfdjaft. 3(ber (eiber getritbt roar burd) bie 9?ebe bed 33ater^ 7s8d)on bie (geele be 33Mbden^; er ^otte bie munteren Sorte ,,fjter ift," fagt' er, ,,cin ITTabctyen, fo tr>te tDiinfd?ct." IX, 60. ftc Busftdjt. 129 it befyaglidjer 2trt itn guten inne gefprodjen: ,,3a, bag gefattt mir, mein linb ! 9ftit greuben erfa^r' id), ber Sofyn b,at mie ber $ater efc^macf, ber feiner 3 e ^ e $ W- wiefen, bie Sdjdnfte ^um Xan^e gefu^rt unb enblicb, bie fein oit^ ot grau fi^ gefjolt; ba^ SOJUtterdjen so luar eg. an ber raut, bie ber Sftcmn fi^ ertrd^It, (apt g(etcf) fti^ erfennen, etfteg er tft, unb ob er }\ol)I unb fitfyle bag gan^e ^}ft eg ebel, mid) gleid) mit fold)em iete ju bulben oerbinbet etn einjige^ 8tnb boc^ nid)t ba e^merfte be^ !iDienftg bie ermitben* ben 3Bege, ^idjt ber bittere (2d)tt>etj} ber ettig brcingenben 5lrbeit; X)enn mit bem I ned)te ^ugleid) bemiitjt fic^ ber tatige 132 IX. Urania. $u bulben bte aune be3 ^errn, menu er lingered)! tabelt, Ober biefeS unb jeneS begefyrt, tnit fid) fetber in Qtvitf pa(t, Unb bie efttgfeit nod) ber Jrfliien, bie leid)t fid) erjiirnet, Wit ber $tnber roljer unb itbermiitiger Unart: Qa% ift fd)tt)er jn ertragen, unb bod) bie ^flid)t ^u erfitllen 125 Ungefiiiinit unb rafd), unb felbft nid)t mitrrifd) ju ftoden. bu fdjeinft mir ba^u nid)t gefd)icft, ba bie Sd)er$e bid) treffen fo tief, unb bod) nidit$ geit)b{)nlid)er Dorfommt, ein 'DJfcibdjen ju ptagen, ba roofjl il)r ein ^imgling gefotk." 2ttfo fprad) er. (5^ fiif)(te bie treffenbe i3otlnb fie ^telt fid) nidjt mefyr; e5 jeigten fid) t^re efiiljfe 9Wad)tig, e^ ^ob fid) bie ^Bruft, au^ ber ein Seuf^er ^er= oorbrang, Unb fie fagte fogleid) mtt l)etRnergoffenen Xrnnen: ), nie niei^ ber Derftanbige 9ftann, ber im Sd)mer^ un^ git raten T)enft, tt)te menig fein Sort, ba falte, bie 33ruft ^u befreien ^35 3e Don bem i'eiben tiermag, bo 1 ? ein f)ol)e# 3d)icffal auffegt. 133 feib gtitcftid) unb frof), nne fottf ein od) ber $ranfenbe fittjtt aud) fd)mer$tid) bie leife 33e- riifjrung. s )iein, es fyittfe mir ntd)t^ r iuenn fetbft mir 33erftel(ung getange. 3eige fid) gletd), iua6 fpiiter nitr tiefere (2d)merjen nermetjrte Unb mid) brcingte oietteid)t in ftilloer',et)renbeg (gtenb. 140 SajH mid) tt)ieber t)intt)eg! ^d) ^ ar f ^ m C> au f e n ^4)t Meiben; 3d) ^i(( fort unb gefye, bie armen SJJeinen p fud)en, te id) im Ungtitcf uerlief?, fitr mid) nur ba^ 33effere te ift mein fefter (5ntfd)tuB; unb id) barf (Sud) barum nun befennen, d im Bergen fid) fonft lwot)( 3 a ^) re ^ tttte oerbor*i4S gen. , be$ 33aterd Spott ^at tief mid) getroffen; nid)t, rt)ei( id) $ unb empfinbltd) bin, mie e8 wof)( ber 9Dlagb nid)t Sonbern meit mir fitnt)at)r im erjen bie s ^eigung fid) regie, egen ben 3 un 9^g, ber tjeute mir a(^ ein (Srretter erfd)ienen. 134 IX. Urania. i 5 o>enn a(3 er erft auf ber Strafe mid) liej?, fo roar er mir immer 3n ebanfen gebtieben; id) badjte beg gtitcfltcfjen er t>iefleid)t fdjon at 33raut im >er}en mdd)te be warren. Unb al^ i^ mieber am 33nmnen it)n fanb, ba freut' id) id) feineS [o fefyr, al^ luar' mir ber imm(ifd)en einer erfc^ienen. i S5 llnb id) f olgf it)m f o gern, al3 nun er jitr 9)?agb mid) getoorben. T)oc^ mir fc^meid)e(te freUid) ba^ erj (id) tnifl e8 gefte^en) 5luf bem SBege fyierfjer, al^ fdnnf ic^ tie((eic^t ifjn oer- bienen, SSenn ic^ ttritrbe beg,f>au|'eg bereinft unentbef)rtid)e Stit^e. Slber, ad) ! nun fe^' id) juerft bie efal)ren, in bie id) i6o9Jiic^ begab, [o nal) bem ftiU eliebten ]n iDofmen. Nun erft fiii)!' id), nrie tuett ein arme^ SO^abc^en entfernt ift 33on bem reidjeren 3ngKng, un ^ lt)enn ^ ^ e itrf)tuifte Ware. ba ^ab' id) gefagt, bamit 3l)r ba^ $erj ni^t oer* fennet, ein 3 u f a ^ beleibigt, bem id) bie 33efinnung oerbanfe. 2lusfid?t. 135 )enn ba$ muftf id) entmrten, bie ftitten SSimfdje fcer- 165 bergenb, af$ er fid) brad)te junadjft bie 33raut gum aufe gefitfjret; Unb tine fyatt' id) aldbann bie tjeimlicfjen djmeqen ertracjen ! litdtid) bin id) cjeiflcmtt, unb glitrfUd) loft baS e^eimni^ 33on betn ^Bufen fid) Io3, je^t, ba nod) ba$ ilbet ift I)ei(bar. 2lber ba$ fei nun gefagt. Unb nun fott int aufe mid) i 70 Icinger ^ier nid)t tialten, mo id) befdjamt unb angfttid) nur ftefje, ^rei bie ^feigung befennenb unb jene tb'rid)te offnung. 0?id)t bie 3?ad)t, bie breit fid) bebecft mit finfenbenSBotfen, ber rottenbe Conner (id) ^b'r' ifyn) foil mid) er- t)tnbern, be 9^egen u^, ber brouj^en geniattfam ^erab= 175 fd)Iagt r ber faufenbe @turm. a fyab' id) attc ertragen . Sluf ber traurigen ^Iud)t unb na^' am Derfotgenben Unb id) gef)e nun rt)ieber ^inau, one id) lange gett)ot)nt bin, $on bem (Strubel ber 3 e tt ergriffen, don attem ^u fd)eiben. ebet \vofy ! id) bleibe nid)t liinger; e^ ift nun gefd)el)en." 180 136 IX. Urania. Sllfo fprad) fie, fid) rafd) $uriierr ! benn (Su^ Dertraut' irf) bie @ad)e. aitfet nii^t Stngft unb l^erbrup; tiollenbet (teber ba$ anje ! 3)enn id) ntodjte [o t)od) (5ud) nid)t in 3 u f un ft oere^ren, SSenn ^t) r ad)etnb oerfe^te barauf ber witrbige ^farrer unb fagte: ,,$3elc^e Hhigfyeit I)atte benn luo^t ba^ fdjone ^Befenntni^ T)iefer uten enttod t unb un entf)itl(t i^r emiite ? 3ft nii^t bie 8orge fogleid) bir jur SBonn' unb greube geluorben ? 9?ebe barum nur felbft! mad bebarf ed frember (vr= t larung ? " 9?un trat ermann t)erdor unb fprad) bie freunblidjen SSorte: ,,a bid) bie Xra'nen nid)t reun, nod) biefe fludjtigen Sdjmerjen; )enn fie dollenben mein >iM unb, line id) H)Unfd)e, ba^ beine. S 3?id)t ba trefftic^e SO^dbdjen als 3Kagb, bie grembe, ^u bingen, 138 IX. Urania. 215 $am id) $um 23runnen ; id) fam, urn beine iUebe $u ttierben. 2lber, ad)! mein fd)itd)terner Slid, er fonnte bte }?ei* nid)t fefm; nur g-reunblidjfeit fab, er tm Sluge, ^ bem pieget bit if)tt be ruljtgen ^Brunnen* be- gritpteft. nur ^u fitljren, e^ war fd)on bte a 22o5tber nun ooHenbeft bu mir'^! O, fei mir gefegnet!" Unb e fdjaute ba^ 9)?abd)en mit tiefer 9?iib,rung Bungling Hub oermieb nid)t Untarmung unb u, ben ipfet ber ^reube, SBenn fie ben iebenben finb bie langerfefynte iPerfid)' rung titnftigen liicf^ im eben, bag nun ein unenbltdjeS fdjeinet. 225 Unb ben iibrigen fyatte ber ^[arrt)err ade^ erflaret. Stber ba^ 9Mbd)en fa.m, t>or bem 23ater fid) Ijer^nd) mit 5lnmut i^eigenb, unb fo tfjm bie anb, bie juritdgepgene, fitffenb, ,,^r merbet gered)t ber Uberrafd)ten tfusftcfyt. 139 Grft bie Xrcinen betf djnteqe* unb nun bie Xrimen ber $reube. C, oergebt mir jene efitl)(, tiergebt mir aud) biefeS 230 Unb (aftt nur mid) intf Iitcf, ba^ tteu mir gegcJnnte, tntc^ finben ! $a, ber erfte 33erbru, an bent id) 33enuorrene fdjulb i ber fe^te jugleid) ! SBoju bie 9J?agb fid) oerpf(id)tet, Xreu, ju Uebenbent ^ienft, ben foil bie od)ter (5ud) leiften." Unb ber 33ater umarmte fie gleid), bie Xranen tier* 235 bergenb. Xrautid) fam bie 3)iutter Ijerbei unb fitj^te fie l)erj(id), om runb(id)en Iiebe ge^a(ten) 240 yiafym ben 9Jing ber 9J?utter barauf unb Derlobte bie tinber ; prod) : ,,^od) einma( fei ber golbenen 9?eifen ^3eftim- ntung, geft ein ^Banb \u fnitpfen, ba* db'ttig g(eid)e bem atten. 140 IX. Urania. )tefer Bungling tft tief Don ber Viebe gum 9)Mbd)en burdjbrungen, 245 Unb ba$ 9J?abd)en geftefyt, baft aud) tb,r ber ^ngting cr= im'tnfd)t tft. 2l(fo er(ob' id) Gud) ()ier unb fegn' Gud) fimftigen tittn, Stftit bem SBiden ber (Eftern unb mit bem Unb e^ neigte fic^ gleidj mtt Segen^mi'tnfdjen ber Slber at^ ber geifttidje err ben golbenen ^eif nun 2so(tecft' an bie ."panb be* 9JJabd)en*, erbticff er ben an- beren ftaunenb, 5)en fi^on ."permann ^ut)or am 33runnen forg(id) be= trac^tet. Unb er fagte barauf mit freunblid) fdjer^enben Morten : ,,S[Bie! bu toerfobeft bid) [djon ^um pyeitemnatV 3^a nid)t ber erfte SBra'uttgam bei bem SUtar fid) jetge mit tjinbernbem Sin- 255 5lber fie fagte barauf: ,,C, (apt mid) biefer (Srinnrung (Sinen 3tugenb(ic! tt)eib,en! Denn ttol)( oerbient fie ber ute, v mir it)n fdjetbenb gab unb nid)t jur ^eimat juritcf* fam. Jlusftdjt. 141 2ltte3 fat) er DorcmS, ate rafd) bie Viebe ber ^reifyeit, 2U3 ifyn bie tfuft int neuen tteranberten SBefen 511 nrirfen Xrieb nad) ^aris ju gefyen, bafyin, IDO er erfer unb Xob 260 fanb. ,?ebe cjtitdlid) !' fagt' er. ,3cf) gefye; benn a((e( beiregt fid) 3e^t auf Grben eintnal, e^ fdjeint fid) ade^ 31: trennen. (9ninbgefee fSfen fid) auf ber fefteften @taaten, Unb e toft ber 33efi| fid) foe com atten 53efi^er, ^reitnb fid) to Don greunb ; fo loft fid) iebe oon 265 Vie be. 3d) Dertaffe bid) b,ier; unb, tno id) jemal^ bid) roteber ginbe, tuer lt>ei e^? 5?ie(feid)t finb biefe efpradje bie le^ten. 9?ur ein trembling, fagt man mit 9?ed)t, ift ber 9Kenfd) I)ier auf (Srben ; ein ^retnbting a( jemat^ ift nun ein jeber geworben. gefyb'rt ber 53oben nid)t meb,r; e3 manbern bie 270 unb Sttber fd)ini^t au^ ben atten l)eiUgen ^ormen; regt fid), a(3 mo((te bie Sett, bie geftattete, ritd* ?bfen in Gb,ao unb s )?ad)t fid) auf unb neu fid) geftalten. )u bewab,rft mir bein er^; unb finben bereinft )Dtr uneber 142 IX. Urania. ben Xritmmern ber Sett, fo finb nrir erneute efd)b'pfe, Utngebitbet unb fret unb unabfyangig com 2d)icffal. )enn n)a feffette ben, ber fotdje Xage burdjlebt f)at! Slber fott e3 nidjt fein, baft je inir, au^ btefen @efat)ren tucfttc^ entronnen, un^ einft mit ^ re uben inieber um- fangen, 280 C, fo erljatte mein (d)tDebenbe^ ^Bttb tior beinen @e- banfen, ^)aft bu mit gleirfjem 3)lute ^u litcf unb Unglitcf berett feift! ot. 143 bereitet unb mir bie Ijerrltdjften ,f)offnungen cmf- fdjttefct D, oeqeil)', mein trefftidjer $reunb, baft id), fetbft an bem Slrm bid) wltenb, bebe! 3o fdjeint bem enbtid) gelanbeten 5tud) ber ftd)erfte runb beS fefteften ^Boben^ 511295 fd)Janfen." fprad) fie unb ftedte bie 9?inge nebeneinanber. 5tber ber 33rimtigam fprad) mit ebter, manntidjer fefter fei bei ber adgemeinen (Srfdjitttrung, , ber 33unb ! Sir luotten fatten unb bauern, nn^ gotten unb feft ber fd)i)neu liter 53efi^tum. 300 ber Sftenfd), ber ^ur fd)ir)anfenben 3 e ^ au( ^) fd)luaufenb gefinnt ift, uennel)ret ba^ llbet unb breitet e$ meiter nub meiter; 5lber )ner feft auf bem aue unb bie lie= benben (5(tern, 315 C, fo ftettt fid) bie ^ruft bent ^einbe fidjer entgegen. Unb gebad)te jeber wie id), fo ftitnbe bie Wlafyt auf egen bie 9ttad)t, unb im'r erfreuten un a tie bee NOTES. Die 2lnmcrfungen. Glegte. Title, Jpermutttt tlltb orotl)ea : The fact that Hermann (Latin Arminius) is the popular national hero of Germany may have in- fluenced Goethe in the choice of his hero's name, because he wished his poeni to be distinctly German (see (Slegie, line 33). In the Teutoberg forest in 9 A.D., Hermann (17 B.C.-21 A.D.) routed the Roman legions under Varus and so freed Germany from Roman rule and oppression. A colossal statue was erected in his memory near Dettnold, Germany, in 1875. On the name Dorothea, Goethe gives us some information in a letter to his friend Korner on December 8, 1796 : " Dorchen (Dorothea Stock, Korner 's sister-in- law) will see that, through some charm or other, my new heroine is again called Dorothea." The name Dorothea, through its Greek derivation, means gift of God, and so was particularly appropri- ate for this immigrant girl, who was to mean so much to Hermann and his parents. The Elegy, .^erntoun unb Dorothea, was written in the autumn of 1796, while Goethe was writing the epic of the same name. It was an advance announcement of this epic, as well as a defense against the attacks which had been made on Goethe for his 9ibmif(f)e Slegien (see note 1 below), SBenettanifcfye Spigramme, and lenien (see note 2 below). There was much narrow-minded jealousy among the writers of that day, and many a shaft of mali- cious and envious criticism was directed against Goethe and Schiller. While reading the Xenia of Martial, it occurred to Goethe to have revenge on these petty critics, so he wrote a dozen epigrams 145 146 NOTES. [1-2. in similar vein and sent them to Schiller for his 3Jiujenaimanad) (see Appendix E, (a), page 238, note 2). Schiller eagerly collabo- rated, and more than four hundred of these satires were published in September, 1796. The elegy ermann unb Sovotfyea was a reply to the stinging retorts which followed the lenien. On December 7, 1796, Goethe sent the gfegie to Schiller with the words: "With this I wish that you would open the new year of the oreil (see Appendix E, (a), page 238, note 4}, so that the people may see that we are standing firm in every way and are prepared for every attack." On December 9, Schiller answered: "The Elegy makes an especially deep, touching impression which cannot fail to touch the reader's heart, if he has one. ... I only question whether the present time is favorable for the publi- cation of the poem. In the next two or three months I am afraid that we cannot expect the public to take a just attitude towards the lenien. The imagined insult is still too fresh. " The Elegy did not appear in print, therefore, until 1800, and it was first prefixed to the epic in 1820 by the publisher Vieweg. Lines 1-8. Goethe enumerates the chief faults that the critics have charged against him. For a discussion of the meter see Ap- pendix E, (f), (1), page 252, and especially E, (f), (2), page 256. 1. 2Ufo: is transitional and takes up the thread of the former criticism, you mean to say, or you tcould call that an offense I more : subjunctive in implied indirect discourse. proper', = Sextus Propertius (c. 49-16 B.C.), the greatest Latin elegiac poet and a genius of great power and precocity. At twenty he wrote his first book of Elegies, the Cynthia monobiblos, with an ease, a color, and a wealth of rhythm which no later Latin poet ever equaled. In all he wrote five books of elegies, which were Goethe's inspiration for his Stomifdje Glegien, written in 1788-1789 after his return from Italy. The critics attacked Goethe severely for these writings. begetftert : supply bat. 2. Partial = Marcus Valerius Martialis (c. 40-102 A.D. ), a Latin epigrammatic poet, born in Spain, but later a resident of Rome. He wrote fifteen books of epigrams and Xenia {gifts of friendship} clever, concise, satirical statements, but often of a coarse and ser- 3-11.] ELEGIE. 147 vile nature. Goethe's $enetianijche (Spigramme, as well as the Eenien, were written in the style of Martial. gefellt : supply hat. 3. Me 2Uten : the Greek and Roman writers, the ancients. bte Sdjllle 311 fyiitett : to be studied and read only in school and not to be used as models for modern poetry, as Goethe did ; com- pare the phrase bag gimmer hiiten, to be confined to owe's room. 4. Sattunt = 3talien. Latium was originally the broad plateau southeast of the Tiber River between the Apennines and the sea, the prehistoric home of the Latins from which Rome was colonized and the Roman empire founded. After Goethe's visit to Italy the classical influence is apparent in all his writings, for here the spirit of the ancients became a reality to him. fjefolflt : supply finb. 5. 9Zotur tint) ftuuft : Middle High German poetry often pictures God as an artist ; a beautiful form was the expression of his genius. In Italy Goethe learned to find the natural beauty in art. 6. Goethe's independence of thought, especially along scientific lines, is shown here. In his study of light and color he strongly opposed Newton's theory, and it is probably this name and dogma to which he refers here. This was one of Goethe's most unfortu- nate experiences. It caused him great personal bitterness and overshadowed for a time his truly great scientific discoveries. 7-8. ueronbert : supply hat. &erfrf)mol)t : supply babe. 9. oItf|Cr gfeljler : genitive plural with' jetfyet, line 10, a genitive of the charge with a verb of judicial action. o 9Jiilfe : calling upon one or more of the Muses was common among the classical authors ; compare Homer and Virgil, also lines 12 and 15 of the Glegie, and Canto IX, lines 1-5. gcpflcgct = gepflegt baft. 10. 3 e ity c t: au obsolete form for bejchulbtgen or anflagen. ^ijbcf: compare the Latin populus. The word is usually used in a derogatory sense = populace, rabble, the common herd. Here Goethe refers to his narrow-minded, carping critics. 11. bcr SBejfcrc : probably refers to Herder, whom Goethe learned to know as a student at Strassburg (see page xv), and whom he always cherished. Herder frequently failed in his praise when Goethe most expected it. Here Goethe means that the kindly disposed, as well as the petty and envious, criticized his writings. 148 NOTES. [13-28. 13-14. Goethe retained a remarkably youthful vigor, both of mind and body, up to the very end of his life. 16. bte 3d)Cttef : generally masculine now. Goethe was now forty -seven years old, with thirty-six years of active writing still before him. 17. ber Vlrfin^c : genitive with bebarf. 18. Julius Caesar was permitted by the Roman Senate to wear a laurel wreath at all times "jus laureae perpetuo gestandae." Sines his hair was thin, he gladly availed himself of this privilege. 20. bent $8urbtgent : means Goethe himself, when he shall have deserved it more. 21. JRofeit = the flowers of love ; compare Latin, Est rosa flos Veneris. 9tojen is partitive genitive with genug. An appositive is preferable now, geimg 9iofen. 21-24. Goethe refers to the domestic happiness that came to him through his union with Christiane Vulpius after his return from Italy in 1788. See page xxii. 23-24. Sdjiire, tticrfe : hortatory subjunctives, Let the wife, etc. 24. bcr &unbe : Goethe's son August, at this time seven years old. 26. fyerettt : the regular phrase for our come in ; the verb proper is omitted. Goethe's guests are summoned to his happy home for a classical feast, where, in imitation of the Greeks and Romans, they are crowned with garlands and recline or are seated in a circle. 27. The first health is proposed to Friedrich August Wolf (1759-1824), a famous professor and critic of Homer. In his Prolegomena ad Homerum, he first questioned the unity of the Homeric poems. The main part of the work he ascribed to Homer, the rest to heroic bards whom he called li Homerides" or " sons of Homer." At this time Goethe accepted Wolf's view and attributed to this doctrine his daring to enter the epic field. Later, however, he went back to the idea of the single authorship of the Homeric poems, as his poem omev roiber Corner shows. 28. uollcrc iBflljlt : with many in the field Goethe might also 31-40.] /. KALLIOPE. 149 venture in, when he would hesitate to match his powers against one alone (bent Ginen, line 29), and that, too, a superhuman being (mit Oottern, line 29). 31. bu3 ttCUCftC (9ebtrf)t : the announcement of the epic >ermamt itnb 2>orotl)ea, which Goethe read aloud to some of his friends as he composed it. 32. bcftedje : optative subjunctive, may wine . . . favorably incline your ear. 33-34. The poem will picture German family life among the humbler classes, where the people are close to nature ; it will be national. 35. bc3 X>itf)ter3 = J. H. Voss, a translator and ardent student of Homer, and the author of Suife. See Appendix C, (d), page 227. 36. Luise's father married her on the spur of the moment to her fiance" without waiting for the appointed wedding day. See Appendix C, (d) , page 229. 37. bie trourtgcn 83tlber tier Qtit : the scenes of the French Revolution which form the background of the epic ermann unb Dorothea. See Canto VI and Appendix D, (a), page 232. 39. ^at) r id) : inverted order is regularly used in conditional clauses when roenn is omitted. 40. Siufleub : as I sang or with my song. Goethe frequently uses the present participle as an adjective or adverb in this poem, where modern usage prefers a dependent clause. 41. fci : hortatory subjunctive, Jet it be. 43-46. An exhortation to optimism. Goethe wishes his friends to forget the hardships of the years passed and to make the most of the advantages gained by adversity. 46. bcffen: genitive with un erfreitert. I. ftolliope. Sdjicffal unb Slnteil. Goethe first planned the poem with six cantos ; later he changed it to nine and used for the title of each the name of one of the Greek Muses, as Herodotus (c. 484-424 B.C.) had done in his history. In the Theogony Hesiod (c. 750 B.C.) names the Muses in the order : 150 NOTES. [1, 1-4. Clio, Euterpe, Thalia, Melpomene, Terpsichore, Erato, Poly- hymnia, Urania, and Calliope. Herodotus uses them in this order. Goethe has tried to adapt the Muse to the content of the canto. A sub-title indicating the subject of the canto more definitely is placed below each. Calliope, the beautiful-voiced, was the chief of the nine Muses. She presided over epic poetry and so fittingly introduces the poem. The picture here given is a reproduction of Edward Simmons' painting in the Library of Congress at Washington, D. C. These Muses are reproduced here through the kindness of Curtis and Cameron of Boston, the publishers of the Copley prints. 3d)tcffdl : refers to the fate of the fleeing emigrants from beyond the Rhine, 'Jlntetl : to the sympathy for them of the Germans east of the Rhine, especially the townspeople in this story. Lines 1-2. 06* id) . . . bod) ; $ft food) : bod) or ja with the inverted order is often used in assertions for the sake of emphasis, / certainly have never, or I declare, I have never. &en 9)Zurft : the square in front of the inn (see illustration facing page 10). Such a market-place is a feature of every German town. There is a fountain in the middle, and here the peasants bring their products for sale. On the meter of the poem see Appendix E, (f), (1), page 252 and especially E, (f), (2), page 256. 2. gefefyrt = auggefehrt : Goethe uses this figure often. fiinf= jig : fiinfjig is almost universally used now. See Appendix E, (e), page 248. 3. Xcudjt ntir : mid) biinft is the commoner form now; compare English methinks; see also Canto IV, line 104; VII, 122; VIII, 70 ; IX, 84. Micbcit : the landlord is recalling vividly the first rush of the citizens to see the fugitives and uses the preterit where we should expect the present tense. toon . . . 9Sctt)of)ncrit : da- tive in a partitive sense with funf jig, as the Latin uses ex with the ablative, instead of the partitive genitive, after numerals. 4. 2Ba bic 92eugicr nidjt tut : dependent order is common in exclamations. remit nub Ifiuft are synonyms, but the former denotes greater speed, races and runs. 1,5-17.] /. KALLIOPE. 151 5. $ertrtc6eitcn : Germans from across the Rhine, who are flee- ing from the path of war. See Appendix D, (a), pages 232-234. and Appendix C, (a), pages 218-223. 6. Tnmmtucii : the main highway two or three miles from the town; it is also called ocf)lv>eg, Canto I, line 137, and Sljauffee, Canto V, line 146. A 3)ammtt>eg was an elevated road, usually through low or swampy ground. Sfjaitffee is the word now gener- ally used. uidrijcit : adverbial accusative of space passed over. tmntcr : at best. 3Hhtbri)CU : distance in Germany is usually measured by the length of time it takes to travel it. @tltnbe is about three miles. 7. Ifiilft man : man with the active voice is very common in German. Do not translate by one, but use some subject like people, we, you, they, or use the English passive when the verb is transitive. The story begins after noon and ends the same even- ing. See Appendix D, (b), page 234- 8. 90focf)t T : optative subjunctive expressing a wish, I should not like to. For bod) see note to lines 1-2 above. For the sake of the meter the order of poetry is often different from prose. This sen- tence would read : 9JJod)t' ici) mid) bod) nid)t Dom ^ptat^ riifyren, nm ba (Slenb flitter flic tjenber 9JJenfd)en gu jefyen. (Henb : from the Old High German etUIentt, in a foreign land, an exile (see Canto V, line 99, where this meaning occurs). To be held captive in a foreign land as the result of war was a common and most dreaded experience, so Gleub, exile, came to mean ww'seryand wretchedness. 10. itl>errf)eimfrt)e : west of the Rhine (see note 5 above). Jw3 fdjiitte : an appositional adjective standing after its noun is a com- mon epic usage very frequently found in this poem. See Appendix E, (e), page 251. 13-14. fort=fcf)trfteft : when the thought of one line runs on to the next without pause, the construction is designated by the French term enjambement (compare lines 8, 11, 17, 25, etc.). Prose would require fortfdjirfteft written as one word. fitttnett ; Setnen or einn)anb is more usual now. 16. 28a3 : colloquial for nne. bod) : emphatic, does. 17. btt *t ittfrt)(iicu : diminutive of affection, for the carriage is 152 NOTES. [I, 18-26. not small (see Canto I, line 18 ; V, 143) . bn3 ncue : see ba fdjotte, note 10 above. bctjucmltd) : for bequem. Goethe uses forms in 4id) very frequently, often because of the meter. 18. 3(ij?CH : potential subjunctive, might sit. Dtcre is an archaic plural form. See Appendix E, (e), page 248. 19. Prose order would be : tnie teidjt e um bie Gcfe rolU ! 20. Xorc : an archway leads from the street to the yard and stables in the rear of the inn. From either side of it doors lead to the main parts of the house (see illustration facing page 10). The Lion Inn at Ilraenau (see Appendix D, (b), page 236} has a similar archway. cm SKorfte : goes with be oufe3. 21. $&0i)(6el)agltdj : words compounded with rooh(=, an imita- tion of Homer, are very common in the poem, as toolitueviehen, Canto 1, line 114; niohfgebilbet, II, 1; roohtbegiitert, II, 248. etc. See Appendix E, (e), page 251. jur $rau = 511 jetner grau, using the definite article for the possessive adjective. jum pfbcnen Sbtoetl : (at the sign) of the Golden Lion (note the sign on the illustration facing page 10) ; git is the regular preposition used with names of inns, shops, etc. See Appendix D, (b), page 234 for a discussion of the original scene of the story. 2)er SSirt is in many ways very like Goethe's father, proud, reserved, methodical, neat, and exacting, often quick-tempered, but at heart very fond of his wife and children. The elder Goethe was many years older than his wife. See page x. 22. Uttb C Herfefete barmtf : a frequent Homeric introductory phrase. Me f htge, Derftfinbige jaufrau : for the Homeric use of fixed epithets to characterize the different people see Appendix E, (e), page 250. The au$frau is characterized by prudence and good sense. She also has many traits of Goethe's own mother. See note to Canto II, line 140. 24. if* = bient. 511 fyabett : after fein, bteiben, etc., the infinitive with jit is used as a gerundive and has a passive meaning, to be had. 25. iljm : genitive with bebarf. 26. fcejfcre : the comparative is frequently used in this poem in the Latin relative sense, rather good, i.e. "better " than is usually given away. an : in the way of. 1,29-43.] /. KALLIOPE. 153 29. mit inbianifdjcn ^lumcit : the dressing-gown was made of old-fashioned East-Indian calico with a large-flowered pattern, tnbtanifdj = inbtfd) or oftinbijci) ; inbtanifd), as well as Siibianer, is now usually used to apply to American Indians. 30. .S{ nttuu : pronounce it to rhyme with balloon. 31. The wife seeks every excuse for her charity that she may not be scolded. 32. *}(bcr : a frequent connective not necessarily implying an adverse statement. Compare the Latin autem and see Appendix E, (e), page 261. 34. oftinbifdjett 3toff>3 : genitive of quality. frtegt : colloquial for befommt. 35. 2Bof)( : oh well, or never mind. In id)tung unb SBafyrbeit Goethe says of his father that he " kept everything that pertained to his dress very clean and in good order and saved it many years longer than he used it, o that he had a certain liking for old 'cuts and trimmings." 36. oitrtout : ( French) a long, loose overcoat. ^Befefdje : (Hungarian) a short, close-fitting coat with braid trimming, often fur-trimmed and worn for hunting. It is said to get its name from a Hungarian officer called Bekes (pronounce Bekesch). 37. ift : in poetry the verb is often singular to agree with the nearest subject, or in this case ^antoffet unb 9)tii^e may be taken together for neylige. WitlJC : probably night-cap. The informal garb of the village, dressing-gown, night-cap, and slippers, had to give way to city styles as the town grew. 38. lutebcr = $uritrf. 39. flttt : often used adverbially with verbs to indicate in com- pany icith, too, also. 40. ctUeit : dative of interest or reference. In referring to parts of the body and articles of clothing the German often uses a dative of the person with the definite article instead of a possessive. 41. fuJjri = brand)!. 42. 9)Jb'd)t r id) bod) : compare lines 1-2 and 8 above, and notes. Construe nud) with nictjt. 43. iiuufcu unb fetbett : note the alliteration ; compare the 154 NOTES. [1,44-59. English kith and kin, life and limb, house and home, and see lines 86, 109, 116, 120, etc. 44. nttt 9Zarf)brurf : the landlord does not wish to hear the story of misery retold, so he resorts to the weather, emphatically. 46. fcrittgen : present for future tense, as often. frurf)t : may be used for all the fruits of the earth, but here especially for grain ; fruit is Cbft. 47. s -h>ulfrt)C : not a sign of a cloud. 311 feljen : see note 24 above. 48. 9)Zorgcn = Often ; so Slbenb is used for west, 2ftittag, south, and SftUternacI)!, north. Weljet: for mefyt, because of the meter. 49. ftorn : not corn, but grain; often limited to rye. This passage indicates the time of year. See Appendix D, (b), page 234. 50. Read : bie reichticfje Srnte ju fdjneiben. 53. flcfaljrcu: the German uses the perfect participle, where the English has the present, with verbs of motion to indicate the manner of traveling more specifically, came driving. 56. 3>m fleoffnetcn SBogeu : a landau is a two-seated carriage with a top that may be let down, so that it may be used open (see illustration in Webster's International Dictionary). Diintzersays that the carriage is so called, not because it was manufactured in Landau, but because the Emperor Joseph I (1678-1711) appeared in such a carriage at the siege of Landau in 1702. Many carriages of this kind were built in Strassburg; Goethe's first trip to Weimar in 1775 (see page xix) was delayed several days because a new landau for the journey did not arrive promptly from Strass- burg (25icf)tung unb 2Bah,rf)eit, Part IV, Book XX). 57. ttffc (English, gate) : the original German word for street, now meaning a narrow street or alley ; trafte (English, street), now meaning a broad street, probably comes from the Latin strata via, a paved street. 58. Jyabrtf en : manufactures here, rather than factories, the regular meaning; genitive with ftd) befleif?(ig)en. See Appendix D, (b), page 235. 59. tlttb fo : another favorite introductory phrase. See line 32 and note, and Appendix E, (e), page 251. 1,60-83.] /. KALLIOPE. 155 60. bus ttxutberubc $olf : the returning townspeople crossing the square (3)?arft) in front of the inn (see illustration facing page Iff). 64. flcfcfyn: supply haben. tto 311 ft^aucn: the sight of which, the subject of madjt. 65. Gfjpaar : the complete form is Ghepaar ; such contractions are common in the poem. See Appendix E, (e), page 248. 67. The frequent use of the present participle for a dependent clause is Homeric ; it permits greater condensation of phrase. fid) : dative with 511 understood in the verb fadjclltb = guftidjelnb. 71. 'Sflfj : introduces a clause in apposition with bariti (in this respect) understood after bod) in the previous line. bcffillct : for beftillt, because of the meter. See Appendix E, (e), page 48. 73. 3eber : supply JSuft . . . gu fehen from the line before. pcinltd) : an old legal phrase, under penalty of torture and death (compare the Latin poena). 74. fpajtcrt : regularly used as an infinitive with some verb like getjen or fabren to indicate the manner of traveling. It means to go for pleasure. fdjdltett : a variation for the more common fel)en. 2*errrtebnen : goes with gfenb below. The genitive more frequently precedes its noun in poetry than in prose. Read : um ba Gtettb ber gittett SBertriebenen ju fdjauen. 77. UttDer5etf)Hd) : the apothecary has apparently forgotten that he was one of the curious who went to see. 78. ^farrfyerr : more dignified and formal than ^Jfarrer, which is also often used in the poem. 79. niil)cr bent SDtottne : the comparative in the Latin sense of rather near to manhood, i.e., approaching his prime, probably in the early thirties. 80-83. The pastor is the only character thus digressively de- scribed ; all the others we learn to know from their actions and words. Such pure description, not connected with action, is con- sidered a defect in the epic. See Appendix E, (d), page 247. Herder, whom Goethe met at Strassburg as a man of twenty-six (see page xv), may have furnished the original for the pastor. Goethe himself was also an ardent student of the Bible (see page xiv), and the pastor often voices his philosophy of life. 156 NOTES. [1,84-103. 84-85. WHS immcr . . . fitr : a compound pronoun ; tinnier makes it more indefinite, no matti-r what, whatever they man '"' The prose order would be : roc* tinnier fitr iinid)dblid)e Xriebe bie gute 2)iutter 5Jatur bent 2)ienid)en gab. flab : has a subjunctive force, may have given. 86. Notice the alliteration : iang unb jeine 9?etgung JH n'enben. 88. SorftC : inverted order is regularly used in conditional clauses when roenn is omitted. 90-92. The pastor indicates the three stages of human wants and desires. The young, impelled by curiosity, want variety (bae 'Jieue), the mature, the practical (ba 9MtMtd)e), and the old, the ideal good (ba$ ute). This idea is further developed in the fol- lowing lines (93-99). 93. Scidftfinn = $rol)funt, as in line 97, buoyancy of spirit, rather than frivolity. In these lines Goethe expresses his own philosophy of life. He did not believe in " crying over spilt milk,"' but rather in making the best of any bad situation. 94-95. licilfam flcf(t)n>tnt)C : irith ivholesome or salutary speed. The use of two adjectives, the first uninflected, or two adverbs without a connective is a classical construction often used by Goethe. bic Spureu tilget Ie3 fdjmcr^Hcfyen ltbe( : the separa- tion of the genitive from its noun is a common classic usage. See Appendix E, (e), page 251. uorbci^og = uorbetgepfjen tft. The preterit frequently takes the place of the perfect on account of the meter. 101. In the classics 3f)r, applied to one or more persons, is a polite form corresponding to the modern @ie. It is usually capi- talized, though itjr also occurs. flcfelni : for gel'etjen habt, be- cause of the meter. fccgeljrt' : optative subjunctive, 7 should like. 103. norf) bcm, . . . crfoljren = nad) allebem, road id) erfatjren I, 104-1-29.] /. KALLIOPE. 157 fyabe. 2Ba8 should be used as a relative pronoun, instead of bet* or it>e(cf)e, after atf.ee and other indefinite antecedents. 104. wcr erjfifylct = fonnte erjatjfen : the subjunctive has the force of who, pray, could tell, or, who, I should like to know. 105-106. liic 3@tcfctt : accusative of space passed over. The adverb nluuiivto has almost the force of a preposition. 109. Note the alliteration. 23>anbrcr and 2B(igClt are genitive plural depending on ebrang' unb (^etitmmef. 110. lining bcr Airmen : partitive genitive used in more formal diction : S 3lrme genug would be more common. See note to Glegie, line 21. 111. ciit',elit : adverb, from each individual, in detail. fei : subjunctive in an indirect question. 114. nitr : adds indefiniteness, whatever, everything that. Com- pare tmmer, line 84 above. ucvlitrflt = btrgt, for the sake of the meter. 115. SBirt = fcansnrirt. umfyer . . . gefefrt tyat = umt)erge= febt hat. 117. agcn : usually a four-wheeled vehicle ; ftnrrcn, a two- wheeled one that is drawn, and Starve, a push-cart or wheelbarrow. Confusion similar to that pictured here Goethe had seen in his campaigns in 1792-1798. See Appendix C, (b), page 223. 118. $urct)etuanber gelufccn : contrast with an bie rect)ten tetlen gefeljt in line 116. 120. Sett : just the feather bed. 122. bent SDJcnfdjen : dative of separation with nimmt, line 121. 124. 3Ufo : so, thus, just so, never the P>nglish also. ntit tttt= befonncner Sorgfnlt : with thoughtless care. The combination of contradictory ideas is a favorite classic figure (oxymoron) ; com- pare the Latin sa/jiens insania, wise folly. 127. s Hnd) fo = ebenfo. 128. feincfii (yebraudjefif : a genitive of characteristic or quality in imitation of the Latin, an unusual usage in German, where a better prose form would be Sacljen 511 feinem (Sebrand), or bie md)t braucf)bar roaren. 129. ficijte = evingfte, the least. 158 NOTES. [1,136-168. 136. itbcrgcpnrttcit = iiberpacften, probably used because of the meter. liber meaning over, to excess, regularly forms inseparable compounds. 137. oufli bem Icifc gebrongt : goes with 9fab in line 138. 139. tttt 3rf)umugc : as the wagon tipped over. 140. gliitflid) : i.e. without any serious injury. In the $am= pagne in ^ranfreid) Goethe relates a similar incident. See also Appendix C. (a), page 219. 141. Spftter : the next instant. 145. gtitflcn unb sogeit : on foot and in wagons. 149. Jriigcn : potential subjunctive, could or were able to bear. arf)',cn : from ad) fagen, as blijen means to address a person with the pronoun bu. We should use the present participle ad)$enb, rather than the infinitive here. 152. 9JJ5flC : optative subjunctive, may Hermann ; bod) inten- sifies the wish. 156. niiirbctt : subjunctive in a purpose clause introduced by bafj. fdjieuen line felbcr beruJjtgt : satisfied our consciences. 159. Read : bie mir mehr Derljafjt ift ats ba libel fdbft. This sentiment was characteristic of Goethe and his mother. 161. Supply bie with Sonne. In colloquial speech and in poetry the definite article is often omitted. Wormerc : for the positive form because of the meter. 162. !iD2ittterd)en : the diminutive form as a term of endearment is very common in German and difficult to translate (compare the English mother dear). Note the tenderer side of the land- lord's disposition brought out in these few lines, especially line 159. 163. Xrcuutbarfjtygcr : the vintage of 1783 was particularly abundant and of excellent quality. 165. Mfjluttg : genitive with ftd) freiten. 166. be3 . . . SBeineS : the partitive genitive depending on verbs is an imitation of the classics now only found in poetry. Prose prefers the accusative, or tho dative with Don. 168. Wbmern : some trace the word to the Latin vitrum romarium, a substance from which drinking glasses were first made ; others attribute it to the fact that such glasses were used in 1,171-195.] I. KALLIOPE. 159 the 9ionterfaal at Frankfort when the health of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire was drunk (compare page xiii). 171. Better tfaltgett : the glasses were clinked before beginning to drink. 172. benfettb = nacfjbenfenb: thoughtfully, reflectively. See Ap- pendix E, (e), page 248. 173. Read : ber SBirt forbert' ihn nttt freunblicfyen SBorten auf. 174. $rifdj . . . getrnnfett : Come, drink ! The perfect parti- ciple is often used with imperative force (compare Singeftiegen ! all aboard}. 174-175. Read : benn nod) hat un ott gnabig Dor Ungfiicf beiualjrt. 177. $a : when, geftraft : supply hat. 178-179. bc6 s Jluge fijftttdjen 9tyfel: note the phrase in the Salzburg story Appendix C, (a), page 222. 180. un : a double construction, as often in Latin, accusative as object of fdjii^en, and dative with Ufe bereiten. 181. cr: ott. 183. gefcnut, gefegnet: supply Ijat. uni burnt fie = unb bie er bamt. 184. 5Cljo : for jet ; obsolete, except in poetry. 185. Better; milbc : express the prevailing characteristics of the pastor. 187. mart)t : supply an object, e.g. einen. 191. SBenn: with the preterit ttenn means whenever; otherwise als is used. rcifenb nac^i meinem ef(I|oft : traveling in pursuit of my business, an unusual phrase. 192. Goethe was very fond of the Rhine and often speaks of it in his writings, especially in icf)tintg unb SBafyrljeit. 194. ben Jranfcit for ben or bie granjofen : this form was com- mon in Germany during the French Revolution. 195. nUucri]tubcrubcr : an adjective coined by Goethe ; he often did this. The line implies that the Rhine had not yet been crossed, but the French general Moreau crossed at Kehl in June, 1796, and Jourdan was operating victoriously on the lower Rhine. See Appendix D, (a), page 233. 160 NOTES. [I. 198-213. 198. $rtcbeH : preliminary peace was made between Napoleon and Austria at Leoben in Styria, Austria, April 18, 1797, but the formal treaty was not signed until October 17, 1797, at Canipo Fonnio. The landlord may refer to separate treaties made earlier by individual German states with the French Republic. 199. 9)Jofje : see line 152 and note. gfeft = grtebenSfeft. 200-201. Macaulay's History of England, Volume I, chapter 9 says: "The Te Deum was sung with unwonted pomp; and the solemn notes of the organ were mingled with the clash of the cymbal and the blast of the trumpet.'' The Te Deum (' We praise Thee, O Lord ' ) is said to have been composed by St. Ambrose (c. 340-397). It is still used in the Catholic ritual as a formal hymn of thanksgiving, and is also a popular Protestant hymn. The first lines are : Te Deum laudanuis ; Te Dominum confitemur, Te aeternum Patrem omnis terra veneratur. 204. anbett : ?anber is the usual plural ; Sanbe is poetic and means rather districts, here, in all the states of Germany. 205. ^snfirC'tnn ' for the usual 3ahretag, because of the meter. 207. 9)Jir : / grant you, I know, ethical dative a personal pronoun inserted loosely in a sentence to indicate the indirect in- terest or sympathetic concern of the speaker or listener. nnrfj uufjcit = au bem $auje : in company, among strangers. The father, who is fond of society and outward pomp, is not exactly satisfied with his shy, quiet son. 211. 5t(fo fprod) cr : a Homeric phrase. See Appendix E, (e), page 250, and compare Haec ubi dicta in the Aeneid. 211-213. Note the lively close promising greater action in the future. We almost feel that the father was wrong when he said that his son was too quiet. The meter accords very effectively with the stirring ending. II, 1-22.] II. TERPSICHORE. 161 II. Terpsichore, the one delighting in the dance, is the especial com- panion of Melpomene (see Canto VIII) and the patroness of choral song and dance. She is appropriately chosen to head the canto in which Hermann, whose name supplies the sub-title, returns in such a joyous 7iiood. She is usually represented as a graceful figure clad in flowing draperies and bearing the plectrum or lyre. Edward Simmons has portrayed her most admirably in his beauti- ful painting in the Library of Congress at Washington, which is reproduced here. 1. luoljlflebilbete = tt>oh(gefta(tete. ebifbet is more generally used of mental ability, educated, cultivated. 2. ctttgcgen : goes with fdjcmte as a compound verb. 6. .Ui'iitmt . . . bod) : see note to Canto I, lines 1-2. 7-8. The adjectives muittcr, lebfjrtft, frofylid), and Better contrast strongly with the father's characterization in Canto I, line 207, tongfant, fdjtichtent. 10. Wulitfl, ernftlidj : indicate Hermann's character in general. ernft(td)en = entften. 15. Worb . . . gcpttrfct : singular verb with plural subject (com- pare Canto I, line 37, and note). In Old and Middle German most strong verbs had two "ablaut" changes in the preterit tense, one for the singular, and the other for the plural, id) ttmrb, nnr tmirben. The singular vowel has generally prevailed for the whole tense in modern German, but toerben still keeps both. SBarb is more stately and literary, ftwrbe more common. 16. or = tdbttor here, the town gate. Old German towns were usually surrounded with a wall (bie 2ftcuter). 19. befycitbe : Old High German bt benti bei ber anb, con- venient, hence quickly, adroitly. 21. mciitCv 93Jege3 : adverbial genitive of the way. btc tteue <3trufje : accusative of space passed over. See also Canto I, lines 105-106, and note. 22. mir : dative of interest or reference with tn 2Utge. The dative of the pronoun is often used with the definite article to take 162 NOTES. [11,23-57. the place of the possessive adjective, especially when referring to parts of the body or articles of clothing. 23. 5lu3lattb3 : the German territory west of the Rhine. Ger- many was not a united nation at this time, so SBaterkmb was gener- ally used to apply only to the special section in which a person was born ; every other section was SlueJanb. 24-27. Our first impression of Dorothea is that she is ftarf, ffug, and getaffen, rather than beautiful. 27. ben ^Sferben : dative with naber. 29. alS : with the positive form of the adjective rote should be used. 2U8 used to be common and may still be found in modern writings, but nne is preferable. 31. Read : urn ben "Jtrmen lo $u roerben. Written : accusative with log. 32 ff. For the source of this incident see Appendix C, (b), page 224- 34. gcrcttct : supply habe. 35. erljielt = behielt. 39. 9lttd) : belongs with wetvn in the line above. 40. 28fir T Gild) = hattet 3br. Sue!) is dative of possessor. iuu3 = etroaS : connect with trgenb, any . . . at all. Gntbdirlidjecf : in apposition with roa8. A partitive genitive was formerly used in this connection. 44-45. utett lUcufrtjcu ; bent ormen SBmber : datives used with verbs compounded with prepositions that govern the dative, $ufprec!)en, beuorfteben. 47. bcr norftctt 92otbitrft : abstract used for the concrete, as often in Homer, to the destitute and distressed. 50. mit 5 rcu ^ clt : German uses the plural where the English has the singular. Such phrases may often be translated by an adverb, joyfully (compare the Latin ablative of manner cum gaudio). 52-53. Note the simple faith expressed in plain biblical lan- guage ; note also the weight of the last line owing to the unusual number of monosyllables. 56-57. 311 ; burd) : postpositive prepositions standing after their II, 58-90.] //. TERPSICHORE. nouns instead of before. Surd) rarely stands so, ju often. Surd) may also be construed adverbially ; then 9iad)t is accusative of duration of time. 58. allcS unb jebe : one and all, every bit of it ; a favorite ex- pression with Goethe. 61. ^uricfpuft roar mir tm ^crjctt : a favorite Homeric phrase. Compare the Iliad, I, 189, and see Appendix E, (e), page 250. 62. mit eilcnbeu OJoffen: also Homeric. 9?ofj emphasizes the spirit of the animal, steed, charger, war-horse. Compare the opposite, aul, a nag. tyietb is the common word for horse. 62. 64. erreidjte, gfibc : subjunctives in indirect questions. tterteiltc : subjunctive in a purpose clause introduced by bamit. 67. nllctitc : an older form, used here because of the meter ; attein is more common. 68. ben s JZatftctt bcflcibe : compare Matthew xxv, 36 : 3d) war nacft unb ifjr babt mid) beftetbet. 70. c ift mir = id) ha be : mir is dative of possessor. @ein is sometimes used with the dative to denote possession, as esse is in Latin. See also line 40 above. 73. mit 3iun : because she knows the people and their needs. Hermann addresses Dorothea with the familiar bu ; she answers with the formal 3hr. 75. berfetben : genitive with ftd) erfreuen. 76. bie Soften : probably inadvertently used for ben ^aften. See lines 70, 79. 78. 2Betne3 llltb SBicr3 : partitive genitives where modern usage calls for appositives gfafdjen 2Bein unb sgier. Note alle3 ttitb jebe3 again. Compare line 58 above. 82-83. gccnbct : supply batte. ber flcfprodjijic 9Zarf)tior : the apothecary. There has been no reason, as yet, to term him "talkative," but set descriptive adjectives do not always accord with the sense. nnljiu bttfi* SBort : began to speak. Compare the French, prendre la parole. 85. Bem : dative of interest or reference. 90. This is the first spondaic hexameter. See Appendix E, (f). (2), page 256. 164 NOTES. [IK 92-116. 92. ftrfiuter Uttb SBur^dn: gathered for medicinal purposes. 93. 9)ttfjt r : preterit subjunctive ; the conclusion of the condition is omitted, as often happens. 94. Don .frnitfc = uom Bailie fort or roeg ; probably used as a companion phrase to $u cmfe. Diintzer says that the apothecary does not mean to imply that he would leave his assistant behind in danger, but that the assistant could look out for himself. He gives him the same service that a wife would, without any of the cares and worries that a family would entail. 95. Ifiarfdjoft : ready cash and valuables. Compare bare (Se(b, cash money, change. 98. &etnett)ege : modifies benf only ; adverbial genitive of the way. 99. Woljl: pray tell me. The first bet is emphatic, that one, the second is relative, icho. 102. mijrfjf : optative subjunctive. See Canto I, line 8, and note. fll je : goes with Heber. 103. be fdjiifceitbett 9)Ianne3 : poetic for be chutes be 3Jianne ; genitive with bebarf. 104. 28eib3 : in general 2Beib is not as elegant a word as ftrau, which is commonly used, but in poetry they are used inter- changeably. 105. <3o fybV tdj bid) : supply fpredjen or reben. 106. ntir : ethical dative, in my opinion. See note to Canto I, line 207. 109. ittt : a reciprocal pronoun = eincmber. 110. unb = fonbern. 111. wci^ = erinnere. tage3 : adverbial genitive of time. 112. 23ranb : the great fire referred to in Canto I, line 121. 113. The day of the week is fixed here. Because it was Sunday so many people were able to go out to see the refugees, and our characters have leisure for conversation and discussion. 114. dt = 3ab,re$eit, or ba ^Better. 115. fpajierenb : see Canto I, line 74 and note. 116. s J!)Jithlett : because of beauty of location, mills were favorite Sunday resorts, and refreshments were often served there. Ger- II, 11T-140.J //. TERPSICHORE. 165 man families regularly spend Sunday out-of-doors together, in the country or in parks. 117. The barns and granaries of country villages are often placed together at one end of the village. 119-120. Note the repetition. See Appendix E, (e), page 248. What is this figure called ? foer : has the force of mit ber, filled with. 122. s Jcdrf)t : see note to lines 56-57 above. 123. 5tngcr: a grass-plot or common often adjoined or sur- rounded small towns and villages. 124. 9J?orgClt3 : adverbial genitive, indefinite time. 125. nor ber Sonnc = oor bent Sonnenaufgang. 126. Gffeit : literally, a forge or furnace. Stands for @ii)orn= ftein here. 127. aflcilt : a stronger and more formal connective than aber. 128. Goethe often pictures nature as affecting or in harmony with man's moods. Compare Canto IX, lines 173-176. 129. @3 trtcfi mid) : the impersonal form emphasizes the vague- ness of the impulse. 130-131. geftanben, gerettet, gefie&t: supply batte, fatten, fyatte. 134. foil : addressed to her husband. 135. >tr : dative of interest or reference. See note to Canto II, line 22. 136. Read : nicfjts nmr bom tere ju feb,en. 138. gefd)icbcn : supply fyatte. 140. iMc*rf]Cit : the diminutive and pet name for Elizabeth, also the name of Goethe's mother. Many traits of Hermann's mother remind one of Goethe's mother. That she was intended for the original, we may imply from her letter to Goethe on June 17, 1797, in which she says : "I am looking forward with great joy to the work in which there shall be a Frau Aja." She was popularly called "Frau Rath " or " Frau Aja " and prominent men and even grandduchesses, friends of her talented, popular son, were glad and eager to correspond with her and visit her. Her sunny opti- mism is reflected in many of her letters. A few quotations will 166 NOTES. [II, 143-161. give a better insight into her beautiful character: "Order and repose are leading traits of my character ; hence I do everything at once, on the spur of the moment the most disagreeable always first." "I do not hunt for thorns, but grasp small joys; if the doors are low, I stoop ; if I cannot remove the stone from the way, I go around it ; and thus I find every day something to give me pleasure." "True, I have the grace of God that no human being of whatever rank, age, or sex has ever left me discontented. I love people, and old and young feel it." It is no wonder that Goethe loved this dear mother deeply, and that old and young came from miles away to visit " Frau Rath." 143. i>fl ur be3 ^>cwfe3 : the one under which the parents were sitting at the opening of the story. See Canto I, line 20 and note. This scene of their courtship had probably always remained a favorite resting place with them. 146. mit freunbltd) bebeutenbett SBortcu = mit freunbUdjen unb bebeittenben SBorten. In poetry the first of two attributive adjec- tives is often treated as an adverb. See note to Canto I, line 94. 149. jum Satcr btc SDlutter^ju meinem Hater beine 2Kutter. It used to be customary to employ mediators to arrange engage- ments. See Canto VI, lines 254-273. 151. (SJe&alfeS : genitive with ertnnr' id) mid). 154. ben oljtt mir ber ^Mflcnb : a biblical phrase. Compare Proverbs v, 18 : ,,greue bid) be8 SBetbeS beiner 3ugenb," and see Canto VI, line 228 for the same phrase. For the separation of the genitive from its noun see Appendix E, (e), page 251. 156. Sludj: connect with in biefen traurigen 3 e i ten - cttt 2Rabd)en : she is thinking of no particular girl, least of all, per- haps, of Dorothea. Xcnfcn : often used transitively in poetry. 157. e$ : explained by ju fretn. ttwgteft : preterit subjunc- tive, you would dare. 161. fceffer tft bcffer : a common proverb, said to come from the Polish. The complete form is : ,,itt tft gut, aber beffer tft beffer." In 2)id)tung unb SBatjrhdt Goethe mentions that it was his father's great desire that his children should have greater advantages than he had had, and that they should occupy a higher station in life. II, 167-209.] //. TERPSICHORE. 167 167. 9Kond)erIci : genitive with bebarf. In Canto V, line 13, the pastor says that man wants much, but needs little. 168. fef)' : hortatory subjunctive. be3 elbe3 : partitive geni- tive depending on meljr. An appositive is preferable now, metjr eib. 175. Side fieiltroattb : German brides have immense quantities of household linen for their dowries, tier ott)tcr : dative of in- terest ; f iir with the accusative is more common now. 176. iljr = ber Xodjter. In Germany godparents frequently give their godchildren gifts of silver each year. 183. The thrifty father believes more in sense than in sentiment. 185. I)o(t fie al3 2Kagb = betjanbdt fte o( 2ttagb. mit bem IsBiutbel : it was just so that Dorothea came. See Canto IX, line 100. Such prophetic expressions are characteristic of the epic and are frequently used by Homer. 188. Srf)tt)iea,ertiJd)terd)eit : a nice little daughter-in-law, not a Sftagb mit bem 33iinbel. For the diminutive as a term of endear- ment see also Canto I, line 162. 189. au3 jenent ^>aufe : they can see it across the square from where they are sitting. See illustration facing page 10. 194. 311 fyaben : see Canto I, line 24 and note. 195. 293fir r : see note to Canto I, line 88. @tott : telle is more common. id) IjottC : for fytitte id). 196. Supply fottbern id) Ijcitte at the beginning of the line. ber s j)2iib(f)cn : partitive genitive with ein. 199. erjogcn : supply worben. 200. In Germany a fountain is usually found in the center of the market-place. See illustration facing page 10. In small towns it is the children's playground. Goethe often played around the one in Frankfort. See illustration on page xii. 202. longe fdjon Ijer = fdjott lange fyer. 207. Supply etroaS with tabclten, which is a transitive verb. 208-209. Goethe had similar embarrassing experiences during his student days in Leipzig, as he relates in id)tung unb 2Baf)rh,ett. His father always bought good, serviceable material for their cloth- ing and always supplied generously, but he was also thrifty. He 168 NOTES. [11,217-255. had a servant who had been a tailor, and so he let him make Goethe's wardrobe. The clothes were not the latest style and were the subject of jest in the highly artificial and rather snippy Leipzig society. When a common comedian appearing on the stage one evening dressed exactly like Goethe brought down the house in laughter, Goethe decided to make an end of the jests. The next day he sold his large, expensive wardrobe to a second-hand man and bought a new one, far less extensive, but up-to-date. 217. on Dftertt : $u Oftern is the common phrase ; an is prob- ably used to avoid repeating ju (jute^t). 219. SBurfdje : the regular plural is SBuricften. 224. famine, ambtO : the hero and heroine in Mozart's opera The Magic Flute (2)te 3auberf(6te), first performed in Vienna in 1791, and in Weimar in 1794. The songs from this opera were popular in that day, so Hermann was very much behind the times in not knowing them. 228. @r : the third person singular was at one time the politest form of address, but it later lost caste and at this time was used only to imply contempt or a sneer, as from a superior to an in- ferior ; so Hermann might well feel offended. 229. oitf: emphatic position. Read: laitt (adjten bie SOMbchen. auf. 232. fo Hid fie aurf) : aud) makes the phrase more indefinite, however much. 235. 9JZtt ben ^ingem : in his disgust and desire to forget this fine society, he did not even wait to use a comb. 241. 1>ie : emphatic demonstrative pronoun, she is the one. 247. Read: ${ bit nur ju s $ferben unb gum x Jlcfer i'uft be$eigteft. 248. cin ftitccfit flfjoit : a mere servant. 250. seijjte : preterit subjunctive = ftcf) jetgen fotlte. 252-253. In his anger the father no doubt exaggerates condi- tions. That Hermann learned slowly, especially because of his bashful disposition, we may well believe, but he surely was not the dunce of the school. 255. hiunuf ttriH : with an adverb of direction a verb of motion (fteigen, ftreben, fommen) is often understood. 11,256-111,8.] ///. THALIA. 169 256. Goethe's father frequently reproved him for not making better use of his extraordinary talents. 257. bic ScJjrer flcljalten : employed private teachers. Goethe did not attend a public school ; he was taught at home by his father and by private tutors. See page x. 263. cut tiiiurifriic* 9Kfibcf)ett : not necessarily a peasant girl, but one who was not dainty and pretty as the girls across the square. 264, 270. mir: ethical dative, I tell you. 272. 3umitrtiio : adverbial genitive of indefinite time. 273. Stltbc : a room heated by a stove. In English, stove meant originally a heated room, not the apparatus for heating it. III. ljalta. ie Sitrger. Thalia, the blooming one, is the joyous Muse, the patroness of the banquet accompanied by song and music, who also favored rural pursuits and pleasures. As the Muse of comedy, usually represented with a comic mask, shepherd's crook, and a wreath of ivy, she is chosen to head the canto in which the conversation of the citizens (2>ie 33iirger) brings out the lighter, more humorous side of this small-town life. Edward Simmons, in his painting in the Library of Congress at Washington, which is reproduced here, represented the later Roman conception of her as Muse of comedy. 1. SRebe : dative of separation with enttinrf). 2. lieputtcit : supply fyatte. 5. 2?ater: dative with the adjective gleid). In 3)id)tung unb 2Saf)d)ett (Part I, Book I), Goethe says: "It is the earnest wish of all fathers that what they have missed shall be realized for their sons." So in the Iliad Hector takes his little son Astyanax in his arms before his departure and prays that the gods may give him fame, so that in the future men may say : "This youth surpasses far his father." 6-7. more = nwrbe . . . tuerbcn. wore ; gebadjte : subjunc- tives in a condition contrary to fact. 8. XHitolnub : see note to Canto II, line 23. 170 NOTES. [111,9-30. 9. bent 33obett : dative of separation with eitttoacf)fen. 12. tt>e3: archaic for roddjeS. 13. bo3 8tobtd)en betretenb: for roenn or fobalb man ba$ @ta'btrf)en betrttt, in prose. 14. Xiirnte : the towers over the gateways of the wall surround- ing the town, such as are still to be seen in Nuremberg and Ro- thenburg. 17. .'can*? : since the public officials are only responsible for public buildings, this probably means 9tatt)au8. 18. bcr : emphatic, that. 19. Orbltung linb SKcinlidjfeit : predominant characteristics of Goethe's father, which he transmitted to his son. 20. 511 : an is more usual ; ju implies rather to get the habit of; an, to get used to. 22. raniiu fja& T id) genmnfdjt: since the wish is still cherished, we should say rather barum ttmnfd)' id) jchon lange. Goethe's father had similar desires for him. He had traveled much in Italy and wished his son to do the same. 23-24. These cities are not far from the probable scene of the story and are also closely connected with Goethe's own life. In Strassburg, the capital of Alsace-Lorraine (population 179,000 in 1910), Goethe finished his legal studies. It is famous for its cathe- dral and university. See page xv ff. Frankfort, Goethe's birth- place (population 41,000 in 1817; 415,000 in 1910), was a famous commercial free city in which the German emperors were crowned. See page ix ff. Mannheim (population 194,000 in 1910), which was entirely rebuilt in 1699, after its destruction by the French in 1688, was laid out in regular (gleid)) blocks with streets intersect- ing at right angles and was the most symmetrical and modern city in Europe. It is 43 miles southwest of Frankfort and Goethe paid it many visits. The most memorable one was in 1771, on his return from the university at Strassburg, when he first became acquainted with the masterpieces of Greek art in its hall of antiquities. 28. urm = -Sirdjturm. 30. Aioitrilc : water pipes, not canals. 111,31-72.] III. THALIA. 171 31. fei: impersonal, translate geiter as the subject. 33. JBcniljerr: as Prime Minister of Weimar Goethe was Com- missioner of Highways and Public Works. 35. 28uS id) aitfjob, (habe id)) emfifl betrtcbcn. 36. uerfieften = Heftett. 39. tra^e : compare Canto I, line 6, and note. 40. bie ^Uflenb : the coming or rising generation. 42. Shakespeare says : " Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits." 46. betn SBiUtfd) : see line 5 above. 47-49. These lines give Goethe's view on education. 52. ntir : ethical dative, for my part, or as far as I am con- cerned. 53-54. bcr iiter : genitive with roert. 23urgertt tmb SJauern : the dative depending on a noun is rare ; we should rather use fur with the accusative. Note the alliteration. 55. ntdjt bcr le^tc : by implication, one of the first. The ex- pression of a strong affirmative by the negative of the opposite statement is a rhetorical figure called litotes. Goethe's mother often took his part when he had aroused the displeasure of his stern, pedantic father. In Goethe's case this usually happened because he had been too lively. 59. ffittb : subjunctive in a purpose clause. 60. cr toerbtCltt* e3 : a summing up of the mother's regard. 62. ettt tmtltberltd) $otf : in familiar speech and poetry neuter adjectives are often undeclined in the nominative and accusative singular. These words imply that the father is again in good humor. His outbursts of anger are of short duration and often for effect. The mother understands him, and does not take him too seriously. fo rtitc = fo Wofyl ttrie. 63. $ebe# * use d collectively, both women and children. 65. ber 2UtCtt : probably means of our forefathers, though he may have the Latin proverb in mind : Non progredi est regredi. 2)ie Sllten usually means the Greeks and Romans. 72. befdjranft = eingefcfjranft ; befcljranft implies rather narrow- minded, dull. 172 NOTES. [III. 73-100. 73. wcnn = wenn and) : even if. 74. Ta$ Scbiirfni^ = feine ^ebiirfitiffe. 75,77. tjatt'; lntt)te : subjunctives in conditions contrary to fact with the condition suppressed. mubtfchcit iJleit>rf)Cit, i.e. new paint. 78. nttt flfofjeit 2d)etbett : small round windows were the old style. Large panes were later introduced, and were a sign of wealth. 80. hnbeit : supply ift; see note to Canto I, line 24. 81. t>a3 HCttC : not new, but enteitert. See Canto I, line 55. 82. White stucco scrolls (5d)ti6rfd) on green-paneled back- grounds (^elber), a renaissance style. 83. ufeltt : either the large panes of glass or the frames in which the panes were set ; 3rf)cibcn : the smaller panes of glass. 84. Dcrbuitfdt : quite cast in the shade. 86. 5Utn Gucjel : the Archangel Michael and the dragon were the insignia of the apothecary shop, for the conquest of the dragon symbolizes the triumph of medicine over sickness. For 5um com- pare Canto I, line 21 and note. 87. ortcn : the garden was outside the town wall, as was the landlord's. This explains jeber SReiienbe in line 88, and hinauegehen in lines 98-99. German towns used to be built within narrow limits, so that they could easily be surrounded by walls, and so there was no room for extensive grounds around a city home. 89. Stone figures and colored dwarfs scattered about the garden were characteristic of the rococo style, a hodgepodge of excessive ornamentation, fantastic scrolls and shell work, common in Europe in the eighteenth century. 94. bcr tenner felfcft = jdbft ber tenner. 95. 3 n fceiK Socle : the artenjaaf of the summer house in his garden. See the picture of Goethe's artenb/mS on page xxi. 96. 2Bo = roorin, in the paintings, which were also in the affected rococo style. 100. 2Bie fte r 3 Ijet^en : he himself does not approve of the new styles ; he is a laudator temporis acti, a believer in the good old days of the past. Gotten unto Sonfc : the trellis-work and benches in the garden. Ill, 102-IV, 12.] IV. EUTERPE. 173 102. bug frembe $ol$ : mahogany, the wood used for the plainer and more elegant colonial style introduced into France in 1777 by Benjamin Franklin. 103. id) tt)fir r e3 silfrteben : / should be pleased; e8 is an archaic genitive with jufrieben, now felt as an accusative, 104. sit flefytt mit ber 3eit : to follow the fashion. 107. in = in'n = in ben Sinn, shortened for metrical reasons. ben (Sngel s JDJid)ael : see line 86 above. IV. (guterpc. Gutter unb oJjn. Euterpe, the well pleasing, the Muse of lyric poetry, properly heads the canto in which Hermann confesses to his mother his newly found love, the usual theme of the lyric. She is a divinity of joy and pleasure and the inventress of the double flute with which she is usually represented. Edward Simmons' conception of her is reproduced here from his painting in the Library of Con- gress at Washington. The sub-title indicates that we are to leave the petty discussions of the men to follow again the more interest- ing thread of the story. 3. ftetnernen : Canto I, line 66, calls the benches hbfjernen. 6. flefnitft : supply hatte. ntcmanb : dative with Bertraiien. 8. boppdtcn ^>ofc = bie beiben ofe : the two estates joined by the marriage of Hermann's father and mother. See Canto II, line 138. 10. SDZanern : the wall around the city was still standing. 11. tfjn : accusative of the space passed over. Ijtnburd) : with verbs of motion an adverb of direction has almost prepositional force, governing the accusative. See also Canto I, lines 105-106. 12. bdn&cit bic 2tftc = bie belobenen Itfte be 9lpfelbaum ruhten. &fte are the large main branches, 3ftW9 e / the smaller ones branch- ing from the s j(fte. Note the position of the nominatives and geni- tives, a figure called chiasmus, from the Greek letter X. Note also the minute description that we get of the garden as the mother walks through it. This union of description with action is Homeric. See Appendix C, (c), (1), page 226. 174 NOTES. [IV, 14-38. 14. g(eid) = at fte ooriiberging. 17. aube : open-work arbors covered with vines are to be found in almost every German garden, even the smallest. The family gathers here to work and talk. 18. crbltrfte = erblicft l)atte. 20-21. Goethe's father had a garden outside the Friedberg gate in Frankfort, which he visited with his two children nearly every day in summer. Goethe's maternal grandfather Textor was mayor of Frankfort for many years. His paternal grandfather had been landlord of the inn 3um 2Beibenl)of in Frankfort (see page x) some years before. ^urgcntetftcr : the more usual modern form is iBiirgermeifter. 22. The town wall was surrounded by a moat (raben) which was now dry. The vineyards were beyond this. Goethe describes a similar scene in 2)icf)timg unb 2Bal)rb,eit, Book I. 23. Strafe : not the Xammroeg or (l)cutffee (Canto I, line 6), but probably a road encircling the town. 24. fteiteren ^$fab3 : adverbial genitive of manner. bie J\'l(icf)e . . . gefefyrt : accusative absolute, dependent on a present participle like fjabenb understood; it may be translated by with. 25. ben : accusative of the way passed over. See line 11 above. Read : unb freute ftd) im teigen ber gillie bet Xrauben. 27. bcr Ijolje nttttlere Snubganfl : in the Rhine region the vines are generally trained individually on stakes, but along the path they were trained over a trellis for shade. 29. (SJutebei : known as Chasselas in France and England. 30. JRiJtKd) bfoue : purple. 32. 23erg = SBeinberg. 34. ^>erbfte3 : sometimes used for 2Beinlefe, a joyful festival in the Rhine country corresponding to our carnivals and Mardi Gras. In 2)id)tung unb 2Bab,rb,eit, Book IV, Goethe describes a vintage near Frankfort, the gayest and most enjoyable time of all the year. 36. Hcfct: third person singular (for lieft) from lefen in its original meaning of pick, choose (compare Latin lego). DJoft : the unfermented juice from the trodden grapes. 38, ber (Srntett fdjiwfte = bie fdjonfte ber Grnten. IV, 39-66.] IV. EUTERPE. 175 39. bent Soljitc : the dative instead of the accusative with rufen (in the sense of jurufen) occurs in classical poetry. gcrufctt: supply hatte. 42. ttjr : dative with fremb. 43. cr fugt' e3 tfyr bemt = oljne e ihr jit fagen ; this usage of betm in the sense of ohne is biblical and poetical. 47. iilciri)fttllo : as well as baS ^fortdjen (line 19). 51. mit flolbcncr firaft : abstract for the concrete. Compare Canto IV, line 98, and V, 141. 52. Read : 3nrijcf)en ben "itcfern fd)ritt fie ouf bem 3iaine ben ^ufopfab hinburcf). Waiuc : in Germany fields are separated by a strip of grass a foot or two wide ; fences are not common. The fields are laid out in longitudinal strips ( s iter$en 511 ehrenbe SSobJtat meiner GItern in ebanfen (babenb). -JU etyrenbe : a gerundive construction, which ought or deserves to be honored. 2Bof)(tat : accusative absolute. See note to line 24 above. 179. btc ^>afi r unb bie (Mter : the stock phrase is ab' unb ut, our possessions. 180. ft(^ : dative of separation. ben inbem = fiir bie ^inber. Compare Canto III, line 54 and Canto IV, line 96 and notes. 178 NOTES. 185. be3 XttflS = be eben or be* heiitigen ag. 187. nidjt : often so used in exclamations ; it is superfluous and not to be translated. 189. bnd tttterl)(w3 : the rear of the inn. Goethe's room in his father's house in Frankfort was a aii)ftubc from which he often gazed into the distance with great longing (3)ie!)tung unb SBahrijeit, Book II). 191-193. bte $tittn ; toenige Stunben : accusative of duration of time. critmrtct : supply babe. 194-195. Read : bie Hammer fon)of)( nne ber of unb ber arten. 204. bte fnli"ri)C : refers to bad 2ftabd)en, following natural in- stead of grammatical gender. The line means that the fear of choosing the wrong girl is the greatest hindrance of all. 208. bte : natural for grammatical gender. 209. $fyv fagt'd : a biblical phrase, see Matthew xxvi, 25. 210. Smut : fiancee or betrothed in German, not a newly mar- ried woman. From the announcement of the engagement to the wedding the woman is called 33raut and the man SBrtiutigam. 211. mir : ethical dative, so far as I am concerned. 213-216. The present for the future tense makes the passage more vivid. 215. tft : singular because >au intb arten are taken in a col- lective sense, all property. See also note to Canto I, line 37. 216. tier SJhtttcr : subjective genitive = the mother's love for the son. 218-219. Biblical wording ; compare Genesis ii, 24 : 2)arum rotrb ber 3)iann feinen 3>ater imb feine Sflutter uerfaffen, unb jeinem SBeibe anhangen ; see also Matthew xix, 5. 222. nutrctbt = treibt, in prose. 227. bod) : see Canto I, line 16 and note. gcgcttctuaubcr = einanber gegeniiber. 228. ttttbetoegt = unbeiBeglid). 231. 6ra : worthy, deserving, not brave (tapfer). 234. ^o : Wa is the usual relative after mancf)e. 236. ^enn er iff Sater: the German father is very decidedly the head of the household, and his word is very highly respected. IV, 237-V, 32.] F. POLYHYMNIA. 179 237. 2Bo = wenit. anbm $ritbe = bie riinbe anbrer (Seitte). 243. Wiinfrijrtieu : the diminutive indicates the exhilaration fol- lowing the drinking of the wine, rather than any real intoxication. 245. twageit : hortatory subjunctive. bo ^rtfrfjgettwgte gerot uur: the common proverb is gjrifd) begonnen, halb gelt>onnen, or grtfcf) geiuagt ift fyalb gettonnen. 248. fycbenb = erfjebenb. V. ^oltjtjtjnuua. $>er SBeltbiirger. Polyhymnia, the one of many hymns, the Muse of the sublime hymn and of the faculty of learning and remembering, and the inyentress of the lyre, is chosen to indicate the more serious turn of the story. Edward Simmons' painting in the Library of Con- gress, which is reproduced here, portrays most beautifully the pensive attitude which usually characterizes her. The subtitle, ber SBettbiirger, the cosmopolitan, probably refers to the judge, a man of broad, universal experience, especially because of his connection with the world-stirring revolution. 1. The conversation interrupted at the end of Canto III is again resumed. nod) immer : goes with faften. 5. brnuf : with tierjetete. 6. 233iberfl>rerf)ett : refers to Canto III, line 66. (Surf) : probably addressed to the landlord. 7-9. Compare Canto I, lines 90-92. 10. Goethe did not believe in revolution and radical changes. He considered only conservative progress safe. See page xxvii. 12. 5(Uer : often used for jeber. 14. bic oge (be i'ebenS). 16. umgctricbcn = tjerumgetrieben. 19. inir : ethical dative, in my estimation. 21. bie (rbe = ba 5 e ^< *" c twnfren = bie SiatyreSjeiteit, as the Greeks used the word " hours." 27. toenige = roemge ortett. 28. mcfjrenb = fo baft fie ftrf) oermetjren. 32. (iittbltrf) = Itinblicf)e8. See note to Canto III, line 62. 180 NOTES. [V, 34-81. 34. <3tatter = (Sroftftabter, an inhabitant of a large city, in con- trast with SBiirger, the inhabitant of a small town. 35-36. lucnti] Dcrmijflcub : translate as a concessive clause. Read : 3)ie, obg(eid) fte wentg uevmogen, geinofynt fmb, bent 9?etd)eren imb ben ol)erett ftettf nadj.juftreben. 46. fummcit : an archaic perfect participle = gefomnten. Com- pare such a phrase as : 3d) fyabe ifjit fommcn feljen. 48. fflUe : subjunctive in an indirect statement. 49. Dorfjttt : see Canto I, line 202. 52. bciicflitct : supply tft. 53. fo fdjiuur cr : we heard nothing of such a vow ; the mother probably exaggerates to gain her end more easily. See the similar statement in the Salzburger story, Appendix C, (a), page 221. 54. 'X'ic : emphatic demonstrative pronoun ; compare notes to Canto II, lines 99, 241 ; III, 18. 55. tft = ttnrb . . . Werben. ttmrbigfte : a relative superlative, most worthy. 63. fenn r : to express what has been and still is the German uses the present where the English has the perfect tense : / have known (and still do). 67-68. jjenwttfdjt ; ge^cflet : supply habt. 69. 2Biutfrf)e = 9?ebennmnfd)e, for wealth and social position. bu (ycroitnfd)tc : the principal wish, for a happy marriage. 70. Another biblical phrase, see James i, 17 : 3ebe gate abe unb tebe woUfommene efchenf tft Don oben herab oom iBater bet Sidjter. 76. Diintzer takes this line as the $ent be ebid)t, the keynote of the story. The purpose of the entire epic is to show the trans- formation that love works in Hermann who has always been shy and bashful heretofore, but now becomes aggressive and purpose- ful. Compare lines 109-110 below. 80. 'Scm : dative of interest or reference with toon ber fiippe (= won ben ?ippen, in prose). 81. bte s )JZittdftrajje : ' the golden mean," the aurea mediocritas of Horace. Ovid also has the phrase medio tutissimus ibis, "you will walk safest in the middle. " V, 82-124.] V. POLYHYMNIA. 181 82. The Roman Emperor Augustus (03 B.C. -14 A.D.) is said often to have repeated a similar phrase in Greek. Compare the Latin Festina lente and the English Hasten slowly; Haste makes waste, etc. 'Jte&tfc (French devise, English device) first meant a section of a shield on which an emblematical figure and a motto were designed. Later the motto alone was called devise. 86. l)imutc< : where the girl is ; supply gefyen. 89. nut (fefliigdten SSorten : a Homeric phrase. See Appendix E, (e), page 250. 97-98. iini.itrticc- feftc cbaube : many an established institu- tion, both political and social. ^crftort ; geljoben : supply bat. 99. @Ienb : see note to Canto I, line 8. 100. In 1791 Louis XVI tried to escape from France in dis- guise ; nobles of every rank attempted to evade the fury of the mob in this reign of terror. 101. Hermann classes Dorothea with the best in rank, a queen among women. 103. ofjne tlfe = hitftos. 104. breitcn = uevbmten. 110. geftorft : supply hat. 115. Jjiilf r : the preterit subjunctive in a conditional clause with unexpressed condition. In the preterit subjunctive many strong verbs keep the secondary vowel of the older plural form to avoid confusion with the present (fya'Ife, Ijelfe). See note to Canto II, line 15. 118. mtr : may be a dative of interest or reference (in mein au), or an ethical dative, as far as I am concerned, for all 1 care. 120. befdjeret : this verb originally meant a gift granted by God ; later it was applied to Christmas presents. Goethe may mean to imply that Dorothea is " a gift of God," as the name itself means. See note to Slegie, page 145, under Title. 120-129. Note the present used for the future all through Hermann's speech. 124. SKicberflCfleben in @nd) = in (Sucfc, nnebevgegeben hobe. fie : refers to SBater itnb Gutter : such a father and mother as. 182 NOTES. Hermann does not yet know that Dorothea is an orphan ; Goethe gives this information prematurely. 129. d!3 : do not translate; it depends upon an understood comparative form, such as eljcr or friifjer. 133-141. This entire passage has a very Homeric construc- tion. See Appendix C, (c), (1), page 226. 137. bmteren: comparative for the positive because of the meter. 139. Read : bte &utjd)e uorgejdjoben hatte. 141. bie raftfje raft . . . = bie rafdjen, fraftigen, Ieid)tl)in= $iehettben . . . See Appendix E, (e), page 250. 142. fo cr = fefcte er ftd). 143. Qcnommen : supply batten. 147. This line indicates the lover's haste. Although he is usu- ally so careful of his horses, he has no thought for them now. 148. be3 $5orfe3 : where the refugees were going to spend the night. Compare Canto II, line 38. 151-158. At Wetzlar, where Goethe went to practice at the imperial chancery (see page xviii), there is a spring that answers this description. Such spots are often found near German villages. Here the peasants spend their Sundays and holidays. 152. flcimtt^elt : supply hatten. 157. febenbig : in St. John iv, 10, the phrase lebenbtgeS SBaffer is also used. 163. er^aJjlt = roirb . . . trja^len (roenn 3hr eS mir fagt). 164. A condition contrary to fact with roenn omitted. 167. $H(bung : now usually used to mean culture ; here = eftalt. 169-170. This is the dress of the Alsatian peasant girl ; Goethe pictures Friederike (see page xvi) as similarly dressed at their first meeting. JJotj : the tight-titting bodice, laced together. SDZtebcr : a vest under the ?o and showing through the lacings. See illus- tration facing page 26. 174. (Start . . . bte S'otft = bie ftarfen ,3opfe. 179. Soitbern : used after a negative to introduce a strongly adversative clause, but on the contrary, or on the other hand. V, 182-235.] V. POLYHYMNIA. 183 182. ben 293eg : accusative of the space passed over. tyer : see note to Canto I, lines 105-106 and IV, 11 ; see also Canto II, line 57, for a similar construction. 184. 9Kcitflc Don SDJenfdjen : Sttenfdjen might be used in apposi- tion to 3)Jeitge without Don. 185. trnfjc : see note to line 182 above. 191. erblirfteit : preterit subjunctive. Why ? 192. crfdjien = id)ien $u fein or feine Bon alien, bie erfdjtenen, mar bie fjerrltcfye 3ungfran. 197. DfiterUdj ernft = nut baterlicfjem Srnft. A similar incident is found in the Aeneid, I, 148-153. 199. un3 untcr einonber 511 bulbcn = ebulb mit einanber ju b,aben. 204. Compare Matthew v, 7 : @dig finb bie S3armberjigen; benn fie werben 33arml)eqtgfeit erlangen. 207. Derttommen : supply hatte. 210. baf)in(ctjt: i.e. without a thought for the future. 212. ".'Juiiibcii : primitive peoples measured time by moons instead of months. In this sense the word is declined weak (9Jionben), but when applied to the moon strong (50ionbe). 213. fid) : ethical dative, in his own estimation. 215. niic ein anbrer = one trgenb ein anbrer, i.e. no better than any one else. 216. ben Wang : cognate accusative with geb,t. See note to Canto IV, line 151. 224. bcr $l)r : where the antecedent of a relative pronoun is in the first or second person, the personal pronoun is often repeated after the relative ; then the verb agrees with the personal pronoun. The clause has a concessive force here. 226. gdcttet : supply hoben. 227. TenF id) bod) cben: I really feel as if. 230. bemerft = erttmfynt. bie fyeilige uric bie gemeine : sacred as well as profane. 232. fo braitflClt fid) alle efdjid)tett : events (similar to those of every period of history) crowd so upon one another. 235. tt)ir Oltbern = nrir. Compare the French nous autres. 184 NOTES. IV, 236-VI, 24. 236. See Exodus iii, 2 : Unb ber err erjdjieu ibm in enter ^cu?r= ftamme mitten au$ einem 2)ornbuld)e ; xiii. 21 : 3)er >err aber 509 Dor tfjnen b,er, fte 511 geletten, be ag$ in einer 3Bolfenidu(e, unb be 3fad)ts in einer geuerjaute. 237. ^feiter : this seems to imply that the homes of the fugitives were burned by the enemy who finally drove them out. 244. Note how the repetition of uttfo emphasizes the search. VI. fifio. $o3 Scttnltcr. Clio, the proclaimer of fame, is the Muse of glorious deeds and history and properly heads the canto that tells of the historical background, as the sub-title, ba 3 e ^a(ter, indicates. Edward Simmons' painting of Clio in the Library of Congress at Washing- ton, which is reproduced here, shows her usual attributes, the trumpet of fame in one hand and the scrinium, or manuscript case, at the other side. 2. gditteit : supply Ijatte ; Dcrtrteben : supply mar. 4. ber fiimtltri)cit ^snl)re : the revolution began in 1789 ; the story takes place in 1796. 5. rfjrerfltdjer = um fo fdjrerffidjer, depending on SMttre. cntd) Utt : for the German sympathy in the revolution see Appendix D, (a), page 232. 6-7. crljobcit ; gefd)(agen : supply hat. 8. ber crfte lanj : the beginning of the French Revolution, which promised so much to the common people. 10. Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternite were the watchwords of the French Revolution. 11. fief) felbft 311 Icben: i.e. not oppressed by tyrannical rulers. 15. A>ttHptfttttit ttcr SBelt = Paris, which was relatively more prominent then than now. gciucfcit : supply ttjar. 17. jener SDtfiinter: genitive with tauten. Lafayette, Mira- beau, and La Rochefoucauld were some of the earlier leaders. Sotftfioft (ber greiheit unb leidjheit). 21. j)raiif : in 1792. ^rnufcu : see note to Canto I, line 194. 24. 3lJlen : goes with ibnen in line 23. Saumc ber g-rcifjctt : VI, 25-72.] VI. KLIO. ' 185 liberty trees surmounted by liberty caps and decorated with the tricolor (see note to line 27 below) were planted wherever the French army went. Songs, dancing, and general jubilation accom- panied the ceremony. Many such trees were planted in the American colonies at the time of the American Revolution, and the idea may have been carried home by the French soldiers who saw them. 25. The French convention declared all feudal rights in Europe abolished, hence the possessions of each citizen were his own (b(l3 Seine). They also promised self-government (trie eigne 9legie> rung), i.e. representation for the common people and freedom from despotic rule. 27. Stnubnrtc : the tricolor adopted in 1789. The colors of Paris, red and blue, were added to the color of France, white. 31. felbft : goes with 2)ntcf, even the burden. 34. Srcutt . . . S8raut T gom : see note to Canto IV, line 210. 36. bd3 i>rf)fte = liberty. 41. eitt Derberbte3 @efd)leil)t : the degenerate leaders (Danton and Robespierre) and the mob of the Reign of Terror in 1793-1794. 42. fid) = eincmber, a reciprocal pronoun here. 46. beforgt, e3 bteibe = fiirchtete, baft etaiaS fitr ntorgen iibrig bleibe. 50. bie iBeleibtgung alle = all bie Sefeibigung or bie gange 33eleibi= gimg. 53. This may refer to the expulsion of the French from Mainz (July 23, 1793) after they had held the town for eight months. See Appendix C, (b), page 224- 55. grofj = grofcmiitig. 62. Read : 9Hd)t tft ibm mehr fo betlig, baft er eS nid)t raubt. 67. 2lKe3 = ein jeber. 69. ber ftitrmenben QHorfe = ber titrmglocfe, which was rung in time of danger to call every one to arms. 70. bie fiinft'fle ef(lb,r : that the retreating army might return and take revenge. 71-72. In lieu of regular weapons the farm implements were used. 186 NOTES. [VI, 77-144. 77. Spred) T : hortatory subjunctive. cr = ber fihtlt T er = al ob er fonnte, implying that he cannot. 83. 2BoBtet : a conditional clause with roenn omitted. 86. 9iegt r brfingt : see note 83 above. 87. erfdjetne . . . : read : unb ben anbern ein 2d)ut;gott ericfjeine. 89. Uric : a subordinating conjunction, not to be construed with oft ; read : roie man oft nad) bem 33ranbe . . . erinnert. 91. itbcrblicDcu = iibrig geblieben. 93. grabet : = grabt. 95. Read : bie bag ebadjtnie aufbeuiafyrt b,at. 97-98. gfreunbe, @ftertt, Siltber : genitives modifying I'ieb', the subject of iDagen. 102. flegennJOrtigcn etfte3 : genitive of characteristic. 105. ytriirfbltcb = ^uritrfgeblieben War. 109. ba SBitb = bie (Seftatt. 113-117. Goethe's friend, Wilhelm von Humboldt (see Appen- dix B, (b), page 2 13, note 4), criticized this deed of the girl's as too bold, and not in keeping with the epic tone. Goethe's defense was that ; ' without this trait the character of this extraordinary girl, who was justified by the times and circumstances, would become colorless, and she would sink to the level of the ordinary woman." He wished her to appear as a girl far above the average, a kind of superwoman. 117. ber ^pilfe : genitive with Ijarrte ; aitf with the accusative is now common in prose. 118. ucritommcit : supply b,atte. 119. btc ^joffltunjj : that the girl might be Dorothea. 120. geraten : supply fei. 125. fel&er mit 3lugcn = nut Gnren eignen Slngen. 131. bie $uppe = ba ^inbleiu. Note the emphasis here on the womanly, tender side of Dorothea's character in contrast to the heroic just related. 135. ^tefe : as absolute subject with the noun in the predicate bte should be used. 136-144. Homeric repetition of Canto V, lines 168-176. See Appendix E, (e), page 24.9. VI, 142-201.] VI. KLIO. 187 142. Sifet ftc gleid) = obgleicl) fte fifct. 146. fyauH(fjc : the supreme requirement for a German wife. 148. cntprft : supply hat. e ift mir fetn SBunbcr : I do not ironder or / am not at all surprised. mir : ethical dative. 150. gab = gegeben hat. 151. fie : refers to bie eftalt ; ityit : to ttem. 154. bent ^tingling = fitr ben Siingling. 157-158. Compare the oft-quoted Latin proverb : mens sana in corpore sano. See Appendix A, page 205. 162-163. This proverb too has a classical origin. See Appen- dix A, page 204. nerseljret = werjehrt haft. 164. 2Bie bu c fjabeft mit itjm : how you will fare, with him. 166. crjoljlen : supply fonnen. 167. folgettb = inbem er folgte. 175. fdjeint . . . ctitc = fchetnt, etn toadfereS SDtabcfjen jit jein. 178. lucitn = ol. 2Senu is only used with a preterit verb to mean whenever. 179. uemdjtet = erricf)tete. 181. ritftig gcboreu = riiftig Don 9iatur. 182. ^cnuanbtcu : although nowhere directly stated, it may be implied that this was ber retcfye 23eft<}er, the husband of the woman whom Dorothea cared for on their flight. See Canto II, line 33. 183. tin = al. 188. ben frfjrcrfltrijcit ob : on the guillotine. For the probable source of this incident see Appendix C, (b), page 224. 191. jog : supply herauS or hertoor. 194. Srt)itl',c : a contraction of cijitttfjetf}, one who bids (heifjt) people do their duty (cfylttb). The word is now applied to the village judge (9iid)ter). pfennig : the gold coin which the pastor actually gives is only a trifle compared to the great need. It was a great deal for one person to give, however, and so the judge, in turn, seeks to minimize their need, so that he may not cause the pastor so great a sacrifice. See also Canto II, line 31. 197. Jalcr : gets its name from 3oaci)imtal, the place where this coin was first made (1518). 201. gcboten : supply hat. 188 NOTES. [VI, 20S-272. 208. (off i<$ Gud) md)t : supply getjen. 211. Xobnrf : an older form : Jabaf is now used. 215. ftunftcr : gets its name from the reed baskets (Spanish canastro) in which fine tobacco was shipped from South America. 218. fyiire : hortatory subjunctive. 223. S3t3 : supply bajj. fommettb = lieranfommetib. 227. In Canto II, line 6, the pastor uses 3fyr in addressing Her- mann ; his use of bll now indicates his sympathy and pleasure at his success. Since he has known him from childhood (see Canto V, line 63), it is proper for him to use this form. 228. bent 298eibe bcr ^MflCitb : see note to Canto II, line 154. 229. Reiner : genitive with luert. JBenbc : Hermann had probably turned the carriage ready to return home, as his words soon indicate that he had lost heart. 232. ftonb (nod)) or = blteb ftehen. 238-249. Hermann shows a keen appreciation of Dorothea's worth and spirit. He did not have his father's assurance that any girl may be had for the asking. 243. wtt nic ben gittctt 3>iingHng 5 rcijen = ofyne etnen guten ^tingling gereijt gu haben. 245. Ijiitan = bie (Sdte bes 3)orfe8 (see line 230 above). mtr iituri)tcn : we might have to. 248. (tngefd)(agen : as a pledge of engagement. 249. bo : if that be the case. 252. Read : fo erfegen mdren ttrir toorgeiteu nid)t geluefen. 255. jutjijrbcrft = juerft. Bom ^nwfe = be aufea. 261. bcr od)ter : genitive with eruwhnet. 263. iihige : the repetition emphasizes that great tact was necessary. 265. $orb : in olden times a bottomless basket was placed in the path by which an unfavored suitor was likely to come to show him that his suit was not pleasing. Compare the English phrase " to give him the mitten." 269. (icfd)hutgcn : supply bat. 272. s JZel)me : hortatory subjunctive. n, 27-i-viI, 2.] VII. ERATO. 189 274. ei C3, Wie iljm aitd) fci : concessive subjunctive, be that as it may. 275. gcljort ; entftfjlojfen : supply fyatte. 276. Hermann's promise to his father in Canto V, line 129, evidently meant that he would not press his suit until the friends gave their approval, so he was not breaking his word here. 278. 9)lettfrf) = iUcnm. bent = einem. 280. oil id) fie and) : even if I am to. 284. alleitt : supply getjen, also in line 287. 286. (jetrrt : supply fyat. ttert = ieiner inert or wtirbig. 295. The poet's address to the speaker is Homeric. See Appen- dix E, (e), page 249, also line 299 below and Canto VII, line 171. 303. ttir : editorial we. 304. befllcitetc : as tutor. Herder, who may have suggested many traits of the pastor to Goethe, accompanied the Prince of Eutin to Strassburg in 1770, where Goethe first met him (see page xv) . 307. Goethe said that the Strassburgers were "passionate pedestrians " because of the beautiful surroundings of the city. ben Xog : accusative of duration of time. lefct = Oerlebt. 309. Another evidence of the apothecary's caution and con- servatism. 310-314. Note the fine contrast. VII. Grata. $orotljea. Erato, the love-winning one, the Muse of lyric or love poetry, presides over the idyllic love song in which Dorothea first appears and which bears her name as sub-title. Edward Simmons has pictured her most charmingly in his painting in the Library of Congress at Washington, which is represented here, with the myrtle wreath and the roses, the flowers of Venus, the goddess of love. 1-5. This is the only long simile in the poem. 1. ber nwnbernbe 9Kamt = ber 28anbrer. 2. faftte = gefafjt t)at. 190 NOTES. [Til, 4-52. 4. ii)ul|iu . . . uur : no matter where, or wherever. See notes to Canto I, lines 84, 114. 6. 33ilbung = 8Hb. 13. jcflltrfjcr : less usual for jebev, i.e. one in each hand. 14. ifyr "JlulHtrf = ber Slnblicf won th,r. 15. ju fciner Sernwuberten : a bold use of the perfect participle as a noun = gu ib,r, bie ftd) Derronnberte, il)n $u jefjen. 18. luarunt fommft bit ottcin = niarum btft bu bie einjtge, bie jutn ClueE fommt. (ber) Quett : poetic for the more usual bie Cuelle. Note that Hermann again uses bu to the girl, this time probably unconsciously expressing his regard for her. In Canto II, line 71, the consciousness of his superior position may have caused his more familiar mode of address, or, more probably, it was due to the same lack of social training that caused his embarrassment when he called on the merchant's daughters. 20. There are many mineral springs and health resorts in the Rhine valley. See also line 142 below. 21. gercttct : supply baft. 25. be3 eber3 : objective genitive. 26. flcnofjen : supply baben. 27. ben rul)tc(cit 2)anf = ben 3)anf Don alien Grqutcften unb (babnrch) Serubigten. 28. i]cfommcn : supply bin. 30-34. At a camp near Pillon Goethe had a similar experience on the French campaign. See Appendix C, (b). page 224. 39. be3 QucUg : goes with 3JMuerrf)en in line 38. See Appen- dix E, (e), page 251. 46. Note the familiar bit used now too by Dorothea. 47. tute bift bu gcfommctt = nrie fommt e3, baft bu gefommen bift. 51. blirftc Itidjt Sicbc : intransitive verbs sometimes take an object which indicates what results from or accompanies their action. This is called the accusative of effect or result, or the factitive accusative. 52. 3tbcr : used even after a negative to show that the second proposition does not exclude the first. VII, 54-119.] VII. ERATO. 191 54. tttetlt $tltb : Dorothea is, in fact, older than Hermann, but such a phrase is often used as a term of endearment. 55. tta3 = nmrum. 63. $el)ler Utn J'Cfjler 5 tuufdjett : every servant has some fault or other, so that changing is not apt to mend matters. 64. Itmnfdjte = nmnfdjt ; she still wishes such a girl, so the pres- ent should be used. 66. Goethe had only one sister who grew up (see page x). Her death at the age of twenty-seven caused him great grief. 67. in frofjer (Bcioanfctfjeit = frolj unb gewanbt. Compare note to Canto II, line 146. 72. ftottentbe : Hermann does not like to ask her to become a servant and does not wish to deceive her. Dorothea infers what he wants, however, and assists him by using again the more formal 3l)r, as to a superior. In Canto VIII, line 50, she resumes the bit form. 76. Xutflcu : Dorothea is not ashamed of service and does not mince matters at all. 80. furj : to the /toint, for the Slntrag was not short. 84. finben = einfinben. 85. in fur^cu flgen = in rcenigen Xagen or in htrjer 3eit. 89. bte Sanbe : social and political conventions. 91. bieiteitb = burd) ba8 Steiten. Compare line 115 below. 96. This line shows that Dorothea is not without interested friends, and that her feeling for propriety insists upon the same conventions that a girl with a father and mother would expect. It adds weight to Hermann's statement in Canto V, line 93, fte ift nid)t Ijergelcmfen, ba3 3)iabd)en. 107. fitfteS $cr(angen crgriff fte : a Homeric phrase. See Ap- pendix E, (e), page 250. 108. feeim 4>enfel = an &en Senfeln. 110. German women are more used to waiting on the men of their families than American women are, so it did not occur to Hermann to take both jugs. 114. ifyrer : natural for grammatical gender (fetner). 118-119. The number of infinitives used as nouns here is striking. 192 NOTES. [VII, 120-172. 120. wcnn ftc . . . gewofjnt: read: roenn fte fid) baran io geaibfntt. 122. t!)r . . . bttttft : compare note to Canto I, line 3. The accusative is more common than the dative with bitnft and beitdjt. 125. ,',ionH',if] : Homer often uses a specific numeral to indicate an indefinite number, as Goethe has done here. 129. wcrloffen : supply hatte. 130. pencil gercttetett SKabdjen: see Canto VI, line 110. 132. Stub : accusative absolute depending on fiihrenb under- stood. See note to Canto IV, line 24. 136. HitlicfnuntClt : the baby was born after the children were lost in the confusion of the flight. 137. This is the first time that Dorothea is called by name. Note that only Hermann, Dorothea, and the mother are given specific names. This makes the characters more universal types. 142. ScinerUrf) : see note to line 20 above. ben 'fiZenfdjen = fur bie Sftenfdjen. 144. ba3 lefete 2RoI, baft : a clause beginning with bafj may de- fine a noun of time. 147. JRiilj, C.ucllcn : genitives with gentefcet. ber reinen DucUen = be SBaffers* ber reinen Ouetlea. 148. mettt : an old genitive of id) = meiner. 149. geleiftet : supply babe. 150. crjctgt : supply habt. 152. sr Soft, $um Xroft : 511 and the dative is often used with an indirect object (bem onberen), especially with jein, to show pur- pose or tendency. Compare the Latin dative of purpose, nobis sunt odio : they are an object of hatred to us. See also line 159 below. 161. Read : nne e SReidjen ge5iemt. 164. 1>riitfct 2ft r : lohenever you press. 166. Itafjret unb ftetbct : present for future. 170. be3 <2cgcn Cltfpcl : the whispered blessing. 171. bit fogtcft : compare Canto VI, lines 295, 299, and see Appendix E, (e), page 250. 172. 511 ',iililcH : see note to Canto I, line 24. VII, 179-VIH, 12.] VIII. MELPOMENE. 193 179. @ittfd)Ucfeen = 185. Dorothea is thus relieved of responsibility, and her de- parture does not seem like desertion. 189. flcborflctt : see bergen. 193. licfal)! fie : for the friends not present. 195. Supply gehen before lafjcn. 196. ctlt r ttltb bie flttbere : feminine for neuter following the natural instead of the grammatical gender required by SBeib. 199. In popular folklore the stork is the bringer of new babies, as well as of the cakes and sweets that are used for the joyful celebration at the child's birth. VIII. 2Rctyomene. ^tcrmonn uttb liorotljea. Melpomene, the songstress, is the Muse of song and musical harmony who was later considered the special patroness of tragedy. She heads this canto as an indication that the time has not yet come for the "course of true love to run smoothly," and that tragedy is waiting just around the corner. Edward Simmons' beau- tiful painting in the Library of Congress at Washington, which is reproduced here, shows some of her usual attributes, the tragic mask and the wreath of grape leaves, the latter a token of her relation to the dramatic deity, Bacchus. 4. ftrotylenb : casting. Seleudjtttttg : see note to Canto VII, line 51. 5. SSSetter = ettntter : storm, in the sense of the Latin tem- pestas. 8. btc liolicii (SJeftaftett : Goethe does not lose an opportunity to emphasize the heroic build of his hero and heroine. Among the Greeks strong, well-built bodies were almost an object of worship. 11. ^mf) ttltb 3rarfj : house and home. Such euphonious phrases are great favorites in German, especially in poetry. See note to Canto I, line 43. briiut : poetical form for broht. 12. Saflct Ittir: this part of the sentence is not finished until line 17. letyret bte Grltern mid) tcuncit = lehrt mid) (Sure Sftern fennen. 194 NOTES. [VIII, 15-74. 15. cr: jemaitb. 16. cr : ber err. 22. 2Benn = inbem. 23. Read : 3nbem id) friil) unb jpat ben SWer unb ebenfo ben SBeinberg beforgte. 27. ben rfjein = etnige 3 ieri)e / line 33 5 aufcere geifyen, line 34. 29. ben SBatcr = ben f)arafter be 2>ater. 37-38. i~ri)!tcllcrcu : used in anticipation of the effect of er~ boppelnb. Dorothea quickened (oerboppelte) her pace so that her steps (djritte) should become faster (jdjneUer). This figure is called prolepsis. See Canto IV, line 157. 41. ton 3ugenb = won 3ugenb auf. 42. fvittjcrcu ^C'tett : before the revolution degenerated the people. 44. cntpfnl)! fie ben Setnen : cultivated it in his family. 45-47. For the source see Appendix C, (b), page 224, 47. jtttl tri) : now used to mean ethical, moral ; here = ftttfam or jittig : well-mannered, polite. 48. flelernt : supply habe. 49. bent Ml ten : not said in a disrespectful tone at all, your father. 56. id)ter ; 92it(t)te : used in the plural to indicate sj>ots or patches of light or darkness. 58. S3(Wm : with djatten. See Appendix E, (e), page 251. 59. 5$ertricbne : see note to Canto VII, line 15. gefefyen : supply hatte. 60. gefe^et = gefetst batten. 67. In 2)id)tung unb 2Bab,rbeit / Goethe tells of a lovely moon- light walk which he had with Friederike (see page xvi), when she talked of the neighbors, the country, and the condition of the crops in a most fascinating way. 68. ber filarljett : dative with gtetd). 70. mid) beud)t : see note to Canto I, line 3. snf)l c f Qtm . . . jablen. 74. nir oeranbcrn tnt .fraufe: at the death of Goethe's grand- mother his father made very extensive alterations in the old Frank- IX. URANIA. 195 fort house, practically rebuilding it all. Goethe was only a child at the time, but the work interested him very much. 76. tvollen = raerben, i.e. on the following day when they are harvesting. 79. tterfdjlutgenfc = nnrb batb . . . tierfchlingen. 82. $mtfe(: (be SaubgangS). 83-84. Compare Canto IV, lines 27-28. 85. fcie 4?ottbe 5 accusative absolute. See Canto IV, line 24. 88. itfcer tfytt Ijcrflimi : Dorothea was a step behind Hermann, and so towered above him coming down the path. See illustration facing page 122. 89. rofyerett : hi the Latin sense, rather rough. 90. $el)lte tretewb = trot fehl. 95. In German folklore it was considered a sign of bad luck to stumble when entering or leaving a house. 98. Read : unb bamit bu ntcht ein fcfyledjter SBtrt erfdjeineft. IX. Urania. SCnSftdjt. Urania, the heavenly one, is the Muse of astronomy and celestial forces and the arbitress of fate, second only to Calliope (see Canto I) in the company of the Muses. She is appropriately chosen to head the last canto with its look (2htficht) into the future. Her usual attributes are the globe and a compass for indicating the course of the stars, as Edward Simmons has shown in his beautiful painting in the Library of Congress at Wash- ington, which is reproduced here. 1-5. It was common among the classical poets to invoke the Muses, not only at the beginning of the poem (compare the Iliad, Odyssey, Aeneid, and Paradise Lost), but also when a new or difficult situation was to be handled. Here the poet prays to the Muses as protecting deities that they may aid his characters. 1-2. bie 3(f)V : see note to Canto V, line 224. begiittftigt ; gefeitet : supply habt. 7. fin-fllttf) = beforgt. crft = foeben ; eben erft. tterfaffen : supply fyatte. 196 NOTES. [IX,9-f,6. 9. bcr 9tfid)te : sometimes considered an archaic genitive singu- lar ; it may, however, be taken in a cumulative sense, the. dangers of night time in general. Compare Canto VIII, line 56 and note. 11. gctrcnnet = getremtt fatten. 13. The father's patience has almost reached the limit. He cannot bear to have the mother, who is always so calm, show signs of anxiety. Wtr ... jo : ice ourselves. marten : more often takes auf and the accusative than the genitive in prose. 14. ber 9?ad)bar: the apothecary. 18. crwmrten roarten. ber SBeifcn : the Stoic philosophers. 23. ber Sittbett : goes with Srunnen. This is probably the same well described in Canto V, line 151 ff. Read : 2)ie mt jum SBnmnen ber Stnben fyinauefufyren follte. 27. uof)e ttior mir ba3 SBcincn = nat)e roar id) baran, gu roeinen. 33. bic fJeifHflCtt StUttbcn : accusative of duration of time ; sup- ply tjinburd). 39. cin britifenbe 2>ad) : the earth covering the coffin. It was an old Roman wish, often inscribed on tombstones, that the earth might rest lightly on the dead : Sit tibi terra levis. 41. bic fdfttwr^c f^arbc : coffins were formerly painted or stained, not cloth-covered, as they so frequently are now. 45-53. When Goethe's body lay in state in his house in Weimar, these words appeared in golden letters on the curtains that hung in front of the coffin. 47. $ettcn foriiitflt e3 : urges him on to greater effort, so that he may accomplish what he wishes before death calls. 48. Read : 2)iejem ftorft e im Jriibfal bie offmmg ju fiinftigem Sett 49. pm i!clicu bcr Job : the idea of death is an inspiration. 54. Note the effective contrast in the entrance of btt3 l)errUtf)e "J?anr bounding with life and joy. 56. be3 $Brautigant3 Alibiing : ^ilbiing is dative with oergleid)= bar. The poet calls Hermann iBroutigam although he has not yet proposed or been accepted. Such prophetic statements on the part of the poet are characteristic of the epic. IX, 60-138.] IX. URANIA. 197 60. Hermann's introduction of Dorothea is ambiguous. It would fit a future daughter-in-law or a servant. 62-63. Hermann wishes to gain time to talk with the pastor and to obtain his assistance. Note how the girl's domestic ability is brought out in the original story. See Appendix C, (a), page 221. 71. ertrnge = ertragen farm. 78-80. feiner 3eit : in his day, adverbial genitive of indefinite time. flcuricfcu ; gcfitfjrt ; geljolt: supply I) at. 82. tt)c(d)C3 Ctfte3 : genitive of characteristic. fid) = feinen. 86. Sntten = bi in Snnere or fo baft er eg innerfid) fiil)(te. 89. Me SBaitge : accusative absolute. See note to Canto IV, line 24. 91. bent 2Uten : see note to Canto VIII, line 49. 92. bereitet = uorbereitet. 99. Supply toett before eittferltt. 100. tmt fletnent 33itnbcl : she emphasizes the very point to which the father so strenuously objected. See Canto II, line 185. 102. id) fenne mid) tooljl = id) toeift, nia fid) fiir mid) gejiemt. 104. Bead : S)er mid) auf ber @d)>telle au bem aufe beina^e jimtcftmbt. 109. ft Befall il)m feilt eift : a Homeric phrase. Compare Canto IV, line 95. 112. 9lll3fattb : see note to Canto II, line 23. 113. SSeun = al8. Iri colloquial language ttenn is sometimes used with a preterit tense where the best usage now requires alS. 115. $af)re3 servants were engaged by the year. They still are in many places. 119. $reie : feudal German society consisted of nobles, free- men, serfs, and slaves. 122. ber ^roilCtt : an archaic genitive singular = emn. 124. $a = ba alle*, what had been said in lines 120-123. bie ^gfUd)t : supply tft. 133. ber tierftdnbigc 9Jtonn : the man who acts on cold reason without sympathy or feeling. 138. Ijiilfc : see note to Canto II, line 15, and Canto V, line 115. 198 NOTES. [IX, 139-251. 139. 3ctge : hortatory subjunctive. ttefere : see note to Canto VIII, line 37. 141-142. lituiucii, fort : supply gehen. 145. ^nljrc : accusative of duration of time. 149. erfrfjtenen : supply if*. 155. geroorfcen : supply hatte. 157. oJ = baft. Read : bafj id) thn triellddjt tierbienen fount'. 162. nenn fie = menu fte and). 166. gefiifyret : would brim/ ; see note to Canto I, line 53. 170. boS fei nun gefltgt : that is enough said, I have said enough. 173-175. Note the repetition of 9Jid)t (see note to Canto II, line 120). 180. e3 tft nun flcfrfjefjcn : it is all over, i.e. " my hopes are a thing of the past ; I shall go out again into the storm of life." 185. nttr : ethical dative, I should like to know. 186. mtr : dative of interest or reference, or ethical dative. 187. bngegcn = ifjr gegeniiber. 189. tft mtr gcworben : that is what I get ; that is my reward. 208. liefer utcn : dative of separation with enttocft. 210. frcmbcr = eineS cmberen. 220. fct . . . gefegnct : Heaven bless you. mir : ethical dative, / pray. 224. ba3 : the antecedent is Iii(f8. 228. Spradj : supply fte. 239-247. In Germany the engagement is a solemn ceremony sealed with a ring for both man and woman. These are usually plain band rings, and are used later for the wedding rings. 242-243. lr n olb cue it Kctfen : genitive plural with SBeftinu mung. fei, gfettfye : optative subjunctives. 246. fitnftigen 3etten = fiir fiinftige 3eiten. 250. ftaunenb : this astonishment was feigned to cause Doro- thea to tell the story which the pastor already knew. See Canto VI, lines 186-189. 251. fcetradjtet : supply hatte. IX, 258-316.] IX. URANIA. 199 253-254. Head: 2Bir woUen hoffen, baft nicfjt . . . jetge : optative subjunctive. 258. ber = jur. 262. @rbeu : an archaic dative singular. See also Canto IX, line 122 and note. 263. Read: runbgefet,}e ber fefteften @taaten Jofen ftc^ auf. 268. A popular German hymn begins : 3d) bin ein aft auf (Srben Unb fyab' fyier feinen @tanb ; 2)er immel foil mir merben, 2)a ift mem iBaterfanb. 270. c ttJttttbern bte <3djaije : valuables and treasures were not only taken out of France during the Revolution for safe keeping, but were also stolen by the plundering mobs. 271. fri)inil,',t = ttjerbeit umgefctjmoljen. Churches were robbed, and the gold and silver ornaments were melted. In 1796 Napoleon took the silver statues from the Cathedral of Milan and melted them into coins. 274. $>u fccttwfjrft bewafjre (bit). 277. fcffdtc : preterit subjunctive = ttilrbe feffeht. 287. ber tt(j = ber gegenttnirtige Sag, or ba Seben. 290. 2IUe3 Wcrtor i(^ : probably refers to property as well as father and mother. This statement indicates that Dorothea was once well-to-do, and fully confirms Hermann's words in Canto V, lines 93-102. 299. 933tr ttJottcu : let UK. Jjalten, baucrn : prefix ait=. 303. fid) : according to his oion ideas. 304. ^ciucflumi : the French Revolution. 306. $te3 : our surroundings, i.e. not only our home and pos- sessions, but also our city and fatherland. 310. mctltcr : a bold comparison of the possessive adjective, which is very effective here. 313. fd&ft : agrees with bu understood. 316. ftititbc : see note to Canto II, line 15, and Canto V, line 115. 200 NOTES. [IX ,317. 317. erfreittett : preterit subjunctive. Hermann's words ex- press a lofty, noble patriotism. Goethe never wrote nobler senti- ments than these, and they alone would free him from any charge of lack of patriotic feeling. He was above partisan and sectional strife ; his wish and great desire was for universal " peace on earth." See page xxvii. APPENDIX A. Quotations from Hermann und Dorothea. Sit me into YH'vmiiitit it itii r rot l)e a. ACT WITHOUT DELAY. (Compare Latin, Carpe diem ; De- liberando saepe perit occasio ; Dimidium facti est coepisse.) 1. SBer (cmge bebenft, ber nxitjtt ntdjt immer ba$ 33efte. IV, 105. 2. !a3 $nfd)gett>agte gerat nur. IV, 245. 3. )er Slugenblitf nur entfc^eibet iiber ba^ ?eben be^ SOlenfrfjen imb itber fein ef(^t(fc. V, 57-58. , 4. enn ttacf) langer ^Berotung t[t bod) em jeber fd)Iu^ nur SBerf be^ SWoment^, e ergretft bod) nur ber SBer- ftftnb'gc ba 9?ed)te. V, 59-60. 5. S'lmn 61 ' gefaf)rUd)er ift% betnt 2Bot)ten biefeS unb bebenfen unb fo ba efitt^I ju tter* wtrren. V, 61-62. ADVERSITY. (Latin, Adversae res admonent religionum.) 1. 3DJan fieijt e erft red)t, tt)ie biel er ttermag, in e- faf)ren. 1, 181. 201 202 APPENDIX A 2. >er Iiicf{id)e gtaubt nidjt, )af? nod) SBunber gefdjefm ; benn nur im (Slenb er- !ennt man otteS wnb unb B'^ger, ber gitte 9ftenfd)en $um utenfeitet. 11,50-53. 3. Slrmut fetbft mad)t ftolj, Me wtDerbiente. VI, 240. AMBITION. {Latin, Per aspera ad astra ; Xon progredi est regredi.) 1. Sitter Slttfcmg tft fd)trer, am fdjwerften ber 3(nfang ber SBirtfdjaft. II, 166. 2. -Sod bod) ntdjt a(^ ein ^i^ ber 9ttenfd) bem 53oben enttt)od)fen llnb oerfauten gefd)it)inb an bem ^ta^e, ber tt)n er- jeitgt Ijat, ^eine Spur nad)Ia[fenb toon [etner lebenbigen Str- fung! 111,9-11. 3. 2er ntd)t torttartg ge^t, ber !ommt ^uriicfe. Ill, 66. -4. er SWenfd) foil tmmer ftreben jum cffcrn. V, 6-7. CHAKITY. (Latin, Da dextram misero ; Indigne vivit per quern non vivit aliter ; Acceptissima semper mu- nera sunt, quae auctor pretiosa facit.) 1. eben tft Sadje be $Reid)en. 1, 15. 2. dhtten 50?enfd)en, furlDaf)!', fpricfyt oft ein ^tmmfifdjer !iDa fie fiifyten bte Wot, bte bem armen 33mber be= orftet)t. II, 44-45. 3. 3ft tofyf oer e ^ ^iirbtger 9)?ann, ber im litcf unb im Unglitcf APPENDIX A 203 (2icf) nur allein bebenft unb Veiben itnb greuben ju teilen s JZid)t oerftefyet unb nidjt ba^u toon )erjen betoegt niirb? 11,99-101. 4. >er Stnblicf beg eberS ift lute bie aben erfreuli^. VII, 25. Civic PRIDE. (Latin, Nee domo dominus, sed domino domus honestanda est.) 1. <2tef)t man am fwufe bo^ glei(^ fo beut(tc^, toes Sinned ber err fet, 2Bte man, baS (Stabtdjen betretenb, bte Cbrigfeiten beurtcitt. Ill, 12-13. CONTENTMENT. (Latin, Tu quamcumque Deus tibi for- tunaverit horam grata sume manu.) 1. So genteBe mit )anf, IM^ bann bir ba @^i bercitct. IX, 283. EDUCATION. (Latin, Bene qui latuit, bene vixit.) 1. SSaS im Sftenfdjen nidjt ift, fommt aui^ nirf)t if)m. 111,3. 2. Sir fb'nnen bie $inber narf) unferem @inne ntd)t formen; @o wie @ott fie un gab, fo mitf? man fie b,aben nnb (ieben, @ie erjie^en auf^ befte unb jegtii^en taffen gemafjren. Ill, 47-49. 3. $>er eine fjat bie, bie anberen anbere aben; 204 APPENDIX A $eber braurf)t fie, unb jeber ift bod) nur auf eigene SEBetfe lit unb gliicmd). Ill, 50-52. 4. )er ^iittSftttQ reifet jutn Siftanne.; 23effer im ftiflen reift er jur at oft, al8 im erciufcfye SSilben, fd)it>anfenben eben$, ba^ mandjen 3"ttgling ocrbcrbt I)at. IV, 127-129. 5. 33efonber3 bebarf bie ^iigenb, ba^ man fie leite. V, 85. PEAK. (Latin, Miseros prudentia prima reliquit.) 1. (58 nimmt bie efa^r bem 3)lenfdjen atte ^Befinnung. 1, 121-122. 2. (58 befc^teic^et bie ^urc^t gar balb bie Bergen ber 3Kenfrf)en. 1,158. 3. )er gliii^tige fennt fein efe^; benn er tet)rt nur ben ob ab. VI, 58. FRIENDSHIP. (Latin, Multos modios sails sinral edendos esse, ut amicitiae munus expletum sit.) 1. (5b/ bu ben d^cffel @atj mit bem neuen Sefannten )arfft bu nic^t tetrf)tlt^ ifjm trauen; bid) mad)t bie 3eit nur gennffer 2Bie bu e8 fjabeft mit ifjm, unb luie bie ftreunbfcfjaft bcftc^c. VI, 162-164. GRATITUDE. (Latin, Nullum eniin officium referenda gratia magis necessarmm est.) 1. iebe bie Siebenben rein unb fyalte bem uten bid) banfbar. IX, 284. APPENDIX A 205 HEALTH. (Latin, Mens sana in corpore sano ; Formosa facies muta commendatio est.) 1. liidlid), mm bod) Gutter ftcitur bie recite (SJeftatt gab! )enn fie empfteljlet ifjn ftets, unb ntrgenbs ift er em ftrembting. VI, 150-151. 2. o eht Doftfommener orper genrift t>ertt>af)rt aud) bte Seele 9fJem, unb bie ritftige ^9 e nb Derjpridjt em gtittf Itdje^ Sitter. VI, 157-158. LOVE AND MARRIAGE. (Latin, Si qua voles apte nubere, nube pari ; Omnia vincit amor.) 1. Sftartdj gute SOfrJbdjen bebarf be3 fd)it^enben Unb ber 9ftcmn be^ erljeiternben SSetb^, iDenn iljm Unglitcf beorfte^t. II, 103-104. 2. Sin wacferer 9)?ann Derbtent em begitterteg 9)?nbd)en. II, 171. 3. @ tbfet bie Stebe jeglidje ^3anbe, nienn fie bie ifyrigen fnupft. IV, 217-218. 4. Utcf(id) ift ber, bem fogletd) bie erfte eliebte bie anb reidjt, ^ent ber (ieb(irf)fte Sunfd) nirfjt t)eimtid) im ^erjen Derfd)macf)tet ! V, 73-74. 5. 2(n ber SBrcwt, bie ber s D?ann fid) eriualilt, ttt^t g(eid) fid) erfennen, eifte er ift, nnb ob er fid) eigenen Sert ftt^It. IX, 81-82. 206 APPENDIX A 6. 2Bie foeit em arme3 Sftabdjen entfernt tft 23on bem reicfjeren Bungling, imb ftenn fie bie iid)tigfte ware ! IX, 161-162. MANLY QUALITIES. (Latin, Maxima enim morum sem- per patientia virtus.) 1. m(tet am touben feft . . . )enn fie mad)t im tttcfe tterftanbig itnb fitter, tm UngUtcf $Reid)t fie ben fdjbnftett Xroft unb betebt bie f)err(trf)fte ^offnung. 1, 186-188. 2. Ungererfjt bleiben bie Scanner, bie Qtittn ber Siebe erget)en. II, 186. 3. )te Banner fittb fyeftig unb benfen nur tmmer ba3 llnb bie ^inberntd treibt bie ^eftigen (eic^t Don bem SBege. IV, 148-149. 4. !lDer 90?ann bebarf ber @ebulb; er bebarf and) be reinen, ^mrner gkic^en, rul)igen itin^ urtb be3 graben 93erftanbeg. V, 25-26. 5. SBafyre 9^eigung dotlenbet fogleirf) jum 9JJanne ben Bungling. V, 76. MODERATION. (Latin, Naturalia non sunt turpia ; Medio tutissimus ibis ; Modus omnibus in rebus opti- mum est habitu.) 1. 2l(Ier ,3ufter Sftenfrf), ber }ur fdjmanfenben 3ett and) fdjman* !enb gefinnt ift, )er oermeb/ret ba^ libel unb breitet eg wetter unb nieiter. IX, 301-302. 2. $Ber fcft auf bent tnne beb.arrt, ber bilbet bie SBelt fid). IX, 303. 3. (gs merben nod) ftetS bie entfd)(offenen 53b'I!er ge- priefen, $)ic fur ott unb efefc, fiir (Sltcrn, SBetber unb tinber ie Xage finb fitr^, vmb befdjranft ber Sterbttrfjen @cf)icffal. V, 14, 3. ^iemanb iDei^, rt)ie long' er e ^at, tt)a er riifjig befi|et. VI, 202. 4. Mm ein grembtmg, fagt man mit 9?ed)t, ift ber 9ftenfcf) ^ter auf (Srben. IX, 268. 5. eUtg fei bir ber ag ; bod) fd)tt^e ba Seben nid)t tjb^er ills ein anbereS nt, unb ade liter finb triig(id). IX, 287-288. 6. @o fdjeint bem enbtid) gefanbeten 2d)iffer 2lud) ber fidjerfte runb be fefteften obeM gu fd)tpanfen. IX, 294-295. UNIOX. (Latin, Concordia res parvae crescunt, discordia raaxirnae dilabantur ; E pluribus unuin.) 1. ^er in^elne fd)abet fid) felber, !Der fid) ^ingibt, toenn fid) nid)t atle jum an$en beftreben. IV, 144-145. 2. ebad)te jeber n?ie id), fo ftitnbe bte S0?ad)t auf egen bie 3Wad)t, unb un'r erfreuten un3 afle be^ IX, 316-317. APPENDIX A 209 WOMANLY VIRTUES. (Latin, Vestigia nulla retrorsum ; Human! nil a me alienum puto.) 1. (Sin gefdjaftiges $$eib tut feme Scfyntte tiergebenS. IV, 15. 2. gin &eib ift gefdjtcft, auf Sftittel gu benfen, unb mnnbelt Stud) ben Umtrieg, gefrfjtcft ju i^rem 3 me ^ 3 U 9 e * (angen. IV, 150-151. 3. ^^r etgneS Ungliicf oergeffenb, @te^t fie anberen bet, ift oi)ne ilfe nod) fyUfretd). V, 102-103. 4. IMenen lerne bei^eiten ba^ Seib nad) i^rer ^3eftim= mung; 5)enn burd) X)ienen aUetn gelangt fie enb(id) gum u ber oerbienten emalt, bie bod) i^r int aufe ge^oret. VII, 114-116. APPENDIX B. 2lnbcmg B. Literary Value, fiitcrartfdjcr 28ert. In determining the literary value of a production it is well to consider (a) the author's own estimate of the work, (6) its reception by contemporaries, (c) its position in the history of literature, and (cl) its subsequent literary influence. (a) Goethe's Estimate. (Soetfyes Settling. Goethe was just as unsparing in his criticism of his own works as he was when judging the writings of others. For this reason, and because of his mental acuteness and critical faculty, his estimate of Hermann und Dorothea is especially interesting. On April 28, 1797, when the first draft of the poem was complete, Goethe wrote to his artist friend, Heinrich Meyer (1760-1832), "The theme is a most happy one, a subject such as one would probably not find twice in a lifetime, for the material for real works of art is gen- erally much less frequently found than a person thinks." To Schiller * on January 3, 1798, he wrote, " In Her- 1 See Stnleitung (Introduction), page xxiii, line 21 to page xxiv, line 6. 210 APPENDIX B 211 mann und Dorothea I have, as far as subject matter goes, for once given the Germans what they want, and now they are most highly satisfied." On July 8, 1823, he wrote to a friend : " They brought me the Latin translation of Hermann und Dorothea. I had a very strange feeling then. I had not seen this favorite poem of mine for many years. Now I saw it as in a mirror which has the power of exerting a peculiar magic force." In his conversations with his friend and secretary, Eckermann, he said on January 18, 1825 : " Hermann und Dorothea is almost the only one of my longer poems which still gives me pleasure. I can never read it without heartfelt sympathy. It 'is especially dear to me in the Latin translation ; there it seems nobler to me, as if in form it had returned to its source." (6) Reception by Contemporaries. 2Iufnar;tne con gettijenoffen. The very recent publication of the Xenien l had aroused bitter hatred in the hearts of many of the lesser lights of contemporary German literature, and, as Schiller said, it could hardly be expected that they would be just in their criticism of this new work. From these people there was some petty, narrow-minded, unfavorable criti- cism, for "a man who had attempted such an outrage must be shown, even if he be Goethe, that people knew how to be angry." Such criticism, however, only re- dounded to the discredit of the critic. From the fair- 1 See Notes, page 145, The Elegy. 212 APPENDIX B minded, intelligent literary men there came only praise, and that the most enthusiastic. Hermann und Dorothea was the first of Goethe's great works since Werther l that appealed to the public at large, and it was received with delight. Schiller's praise was unceasing ; to him this epic was "the acme of Goethe's and all our new art." A. W. Schlegel, 2 in the Allgemeine Literaturzeitnng for Decem- ber 11, 1797, closes with the words, " Hermann und Doro- thea is a perfect work of art in the grand style and at the same time easily understood, genuine, patriotic, and popular ; a book full of golden teachings of wisdom and virtue." The Neue Niirnbergische gelehrte Zeitung for December 12, 1797, said, " Over all there reigns the most beautiful simplicity . . . and especially such simple and popular worldly wisdom, so that as a book of golden proverbs it deserves to be read more than once." Barbara Schulthess, a friend of Goethe's, wrote : " Your Hermann gave me great pleasure. It is as if old Homer were living among us and telling us stories of our own day. . . . How can one honor enough this art-concealing work of art the rich diversity and spirit that breathes and throbs through it all." Goethe's happy, light-hearted mother fairly bubbled over with enthusiasm. At one time she wrote : " The work is a masterpiece without equal. I carry it around 1 See (Sinleitung (Introduction), page xviii, lines 22-31. 2 August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767-1845), a distinguished German critic, poet, professor, and Orientalist. His translations of Shakespeare are among the best ever made and have made Shakespeare a national poet of Germany. APPENDIX B 213 as a cat does her kittens. Sunday I am going to take it along to Stocks. 1 They will exult and crow over it." Again she says : " What an effect Hermann und Dorothea has here ; I have already told my dear daughter (Goethe's wife, Christiane) in part. Hufnagel - is so enthusiastic about it that he uses it at marriages and wherever possi- ble. . . . He maintains that you have never written any- thing like it. ... He considers every one who does not have it, or carry it with him as a handbook, a Hotten- tot." Bottiger 3 hailed it as " the only Odyssey possible in our day, . . . the simplest mind will grasp it, the most learned and experienced will admire it." At another time he wrote in his diary, " What a world of action and feeling, in what small space and with what few means ! There is inexpressible art in the whole compo- sition." Goethe's friend and collaborator in the revision, Wil- helm von Humboldt, 4 wrote a book on it. Within a few years the epic had been translated into French, English, Danish, Swedish, and Italian ; and within Goethe's life- time it appeared in almost every known language, ancient and modern. 1 Friends of the Goethe family. See Notes, page 145, lines 9-12. 2 A minister in Frankfurt, Goethe's native city. 8 Karl August Bottiger (1760-1835), a prominent German archaeolo- gist, editor, and critic. He aided Goethe in the publication of Her- mann und Dorothea. See Appendix E, b, page 242. 4 Baron Karl Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835), an eminent Ger- man philologist, author, and statesman. He was one of Goethe's most faithful assistants in the revision of the poem. See Appendix E, c, page 245. For his book, see Appendix F, d, page 263. 214 APPENDIX B (c) Later Appreciation. Spdtere Scfyatjuncj. Modern appreciation of the poem is so great that words of praise are legion. Only a few opinions need be quoted. Duntzer J calls it "the noblest crown that a poet ever twined about the head of his people," which will " live as long as there is a German heart to be affected, touched, and elevated by it." Scherer 2 says, " Hermann und Dorothea is Goethe's highest achievement in epic poetry, the most perfect product of his cultured realism, the noblest fruit of that style which he had acquired during his sojourn in Italy." One of the greatest modern critics and admirers of Goethe, Hermann Grimm, 3 says : " Alexis und Dora 4 is unsurpassed not as if it were a translation from the Greek, but as if an old Greek had known how to write German. Goethe united all the advantages of this new method in perfection in one noble work, which in an artistic sense appears the most beautiful and faultless, and in a human sense the truest, of all his productions, Hermann und Dorothea. The triumph of a work of art, from an aesthetic point of view, is so to affect the imag- ination, that before the work itself the creator is forgot- ten, and that only after a while, and as if recovering from 1 Duntzer, H. : Erltiuterungen zu den deutschen Elassikern : Her- mann und Dorothea. 2 Scherer, W. : History of German Literature. 8 Griram, H. : The Life and Times of Goethe. 4 A beautiful classic idyl written by Goethe in 1796. The lines are alternately hexameter and pentameter, the elegiac verse of the Greeks and the Romans. APPENDIX B 215 an enchantment, we say to ourselves that the picture or poem owes its existence to some hand without which it never could have been. This was Goethe's triumph in Hermann und Dorothea. He seems to have discovered in the form he gave this poem the innate rhythm of the German language ; and in the subject he glorifies the source of all German strength and excellence a healthy, temperate, domestic life." Hermann Schreyer says 1 : " The genuine epic tone reached its climax in Homeric clearness, purity, and naturalness in Hermann und Dorothea. So it became a consummate work of art and stands among Goethe's achievements in the very first rank." Similar expressions of praise may be found in almost every history of German literature. (d) Literary Influence. tterartfd?e (Etntmrfuncj. Dorothea's noblest daughter is our American Evange- line. Goethe's work was not Longfellow's only source, but that it influenced him greatly is unmistakable. His professorship of German, one of the first in this country, and his extended travel and study in Germany have re- flected a Teutonic spirit in more than one of his noble works. In Evangeline, the picture of simple rural life, a people driven from home and scattered by war, the trials and sufferings which develop and enhance the heroine's character, and, lastly, the hexameter verse and 1 In his introduction to Hermann und Dorothea in the Jubilaums Edition of Goethe's Works. 216 APPENDIX B Homeric language echo very clearly the notes of the earlier German work. 1 So close an imitation cannot be found in German. Per- haps the most lasting literary effect here is the natural- ization and popularization of the hexameter verse. Her- mann Grimm 2 says that the hexameter made by Voss 3 was only endowed with life by Goethe, for he " stripped it of its academic stiffness and suited it to the lips of the people." The nineteenth century numbers among the successful users of this verse several prominent poets, such as Platen, Hamerling, Hebbel, Rosegger, and Xagl. 1 See also Appendix E,/, (2), page 258. 2 In his Life and Times of Goethe. * See Appendix E,/, (1), page 254. APPENDIX C. ie Cuteflen. Goethe himself never connected Hermann und Doro- thea with the story of the Salzburg refugees, and when the Morgenblatt of the year 1809 (No. 138) pointed to this narrative as the origin of his epic, he neither affirmed nor denied the statement. Many of the details of the epic, however, point unmistakably to this story as a major source. Other features may be traced to Goethe's own life and experiences, while he himself pays his tribute to Voss's Luise 1 as a great inspiration. (a) Salzburger Story. Sa^burcjer ar, bte ber Religion toegen Pater unb IHutter rerlaffen fyatte, unb auf ber Heyfe fo nwnberbarltd? t>er= beyratb,et tarb. Dtefes IHabgen 303 mtt ib.ren anbs=eutert fort, ofyne 311 unffen, n>ie es tb.r ergefyen, obcr IDO fie (Sott btnfii^ren roiirbc. 2IIs fie nun biird? bas 0etttngifd?e reyfeten, Fam etnes retcijen Biirgers So^n aus 2ntmiitjl 311 tljr, unb fragte fie, a>ie es thr in baftgem anbe gefalle? Ste gab 3iir 2lntn>ort : fjerr, gantj tpoljl. r fu^r fort: b fie benn bey fetnem Dater rpo^l btenen tyolte? fie anttDortete: (Sar gerne! fie roolte treu unb fleitg feyn, roenn er fie in feme Ptenfte annebmen njolte. Barauf er3db,Ite fie tfym alle Bauer=2lrbett, bte fie cerftiinbe. Sie fonne bas Dteb, futtern, bte Kiib,e melcfen, bas ^elb beftellen, fjeu mad?en, unb bergletcfyen meb^r terrtd?ten. Hun b,atte ber Pater biefen feinen Sotjn offt angemab^net, ba^ er bod? fyeyratben mod?te; roo3u er ftci? aber r>orb.er nte entfd?lteffcn fonnen. Da aber befagte ute ron ntd?ts anbcrs, als bag man fie 3u etner Dtenft^IHagb nerlangete. llnb bestuegen gteng fie aud? nut bem jungen ITtcnfdjen nad? bem Baufe feittes Paters. Der Pater bingegen ftunb in ben (5ebanrfen, als batte ber Sobn ber Saltjburgerin fetn f^er^ fd^on eroffnet. Daber fragte er fie: IPte tbr benn fein Sob^n geftele, itnb ob fie ibn benn ipobl bevratben roolte ? JPeil fie nun bapon nid^ts ornate, fo meynete fie, man fucfyte fie 3u ctffen. Sie fteng barauf an: ITlan folte fie nur nid?t foppen! 311 einer ITTagb batte man fie oerlangt, unb 3u bem (nbe roa're fie feinem Sobne nad?gegangen. IDolte man fie nun ba.^u annebmen, fo njolte fie alien ^leig unb Sreue beroeifen unb ibr Brobt fd?on cerbienen. ^oppen aber liefje fie fid? nid?t. I)cr Pater aber blicb babey, ba es fein (Ernft roare, unb ber Sobn entbecfete ibr and? barauf bie toabre ilrfad?c, roarum er fie mit nad? feines Paters f^aufe gefiibret, nemlid?: enig ftille unb fagte enblidx IPenn es benn fein (Ernft roa're, bag er fie fyaben tuolte, fo rocire fie es aud? 3ufrieben, unb fo roolte fie ibn balten, n>ie ib^r 2Iuge im Kopffe. Per Sobn reicbte ibr bierauf ein af>er ter ^Prebtger enblicfy gentemet, e8 fb'nne ott fetnc fonberfcare Sc^icfung barunter t>a6en, ba e joto{)t bem @o^ne, a( aud> ber gmtgrantin jum beften ge= retc^en tonne, Worauf fie enblic^ if>re einhjitligung geben, unb ess bem @of>ne in fetnen efaHcn fteHen." " Then the minister finally suggested that it might be God's special providence, and that it might result to the good of the son as well as of the emigrant girl, whereupon they finally gave their consent, and permitted the son to do as he liked." APPENDIX C 221 tDoItc ibm hie mit aud? cinen ITCabUSctyat} geben. ^olgltd? tear bte Perlobmtg nd?ttg. Ejat man trotyl nid?t Hrfad?e bet fold?en llmjtartocn roller Pernmnoerung aus^urufett: f?err, tote gar unbe= gretfftd? fino beinc (Sertcbte, uni) true unerforfd^lid? oetrte IPege?" " And so the wonderful providence of God was perceived in the case of a Salzburg girl, who, for religious reasons, had left her father and mother and was married on the journey in such a miraculous way. This girl started out with her countrymen with- out knowing how she would fare or whither God would lead her. Now when she was traveling through the Oettingen district, the son of a rich citizen of Altmiihl l caine to her and asked her how she liked it in this land. She answered: "Very well, sir." He asked further whether she would like to serve his father. She answered : " Very gladly." She would be faithful and industrious if he would take her in his service. Then she told all the farm work which she could do. She could feed the cattle, milk the cows, till the field, make hay, and do other things of that kind. Now the father had often urged this son of his to marry, but thus far he had never been able to make up his mind to it. But when the aforesaid emigrants were traveling through, and he saw the girl, she pleased him. He went therefore to his father, reminded him how he had so often urged him to marry, and revealed to him that he had now chosen a bride. He begged that his father would permit him to have her. The father asked him who she was. He answered that it was a Salzburg girl who pleased him very much, and if his father would not permit him to marry her, he would never marry. Now when the father with his friends and the min- ister, who had been summoned, had tried long in vain to dissuade him, and had finally given in, he presented the Salzburg girl to him. The girl, however, only knew that she was wanted as a servant-girl. And so she went with the young man to his father's house. The father, on the other hand, was under the impres- sion that his son had revealed his feelings to the girl. He asked 1 There is an Altmiihl River flowing into the Danube in central Bavaria, but no town by that name appears. 222 APPENDIX C her, therefore, how she liked his son and whether she would marry him. Because she knew nothing about the matter, she thought he was trying to make a fool of her. She replied to that, that he should not banter her, that she had been desired as a maid and for that purpose she had followed his son. If he would take her as such, she would be industrious and faithful and surely earn her bread, but she would not stand teasing. The father insisted, how- ever, that he was in earnest, and the son revealed to her then the true reason, why he had brought her along to his father's house, namely, that he heartily desired to marry her. The girl looked at him then, stood still awhile, and finally said that if he were in earnest that he wanted her, she was also satisfied, and that she would cherish him as the apple of her eye. When the son then gave her a betrothal gift, she at once took a purse from her bosom, in which there were two hundred ducats, and said that with this she too wanted to give him a wedding portion. The engagement was at once celebrated. Has a person not good cause under such circumstances to cry out : ' Lord, how incomprehensible are thy judgments and how unfathomable are thy ways ? ' '' This tale gives us four of the principal personages of our story the youth, the maiden, the father, and the pastor and the main plot. The backgroismd, however, the strife of Catholic against Protestant, was not in accord with Goethe's disposition, for he held himself aloof from theological and ecclesiastical partisanship. He chose, therefore, a background of broader historical range and deeper ethical significance the French Revo- lution. So the theme was raised from the narrower one of religious persecution and heroic faith to the more universally appealing one of patriotism and the noble endurance of the hardships of war. The characters already furnished by the story Goethe individualized more graphically and made more truly APPENDIX C 223 human and appealing. The father becomes a rather lifelike picture of Goethe's own father, Dorothea re- minds us of Friederike 1 in many details, the pastor assumes some of the characteristics of Goethe's friend Herder, 2 and Hermann is in many respects not unlike the young Goethe himself. To complete the family circle and the group of interested friends, and to give greater epic vividness to the " some friends " of the orig- inal story, it was only necessary to add the apothecary, the judge, and the mother. For the latter Goethe chose as a model his own cheerful, gracious mother. 3 The fact that the Salzburg girl offers her betrothed a marriage portion of two hundred ducats was too prosaic an incident to appeal to Goethe's artistic taste ; and, as he disliked the background of religious strife, he also disregarded the fact that the girl had been separated from her parents because of religious disagreement. (6) Campaign in France. Kampagne in ^ranfretd?. The hardships and sufferings of war had been brought home to Goethe very vividly in the fall of 1792, when he accompanied his sovereign, Duke Karl August, 4 in the campaign of the Prussian and Austrian forces against the French revolutionary government. A drive on Paris was begun by the Prussians, but, after an advance of fifty miles into France, their progress was ingloriously 1 See Smlettuttg (Introduction) , page xvi, line 27 to page xviii, line 10. 2 See Smleitung (Introduction) , page xv, lines 20-33. 8 See Note to Canto II, line 140, page 165. 4 See (Sinleitung (Introduction), page xix, lines 2-6. 224 APPENDIX C halted, and they had to give up the campaign. Goethe was with this army from August 20 to October 22, 1792. In the spring of 1793 the duke was in the city of Mainz l during its siege and capture. Goethe joined him here the last of May and remained until the surrender of the city on July 23. The experiences of these two campaigns are recorded in the Kampayne in FranJcrefch (Campaign in France) and the Belagerung von Mainz (Siege of Mainz) ; several scenes were used in Hermann und Dorothea. The details of flight at such a time, the crowded, im- passable roads, the wretchedness of women and children, the miseries of the sick and aged, are told here with great vividness (compare Hermann und Dorothea, Canto I, line 110 ff.). During a severe storm on October 4, 1792, while Goethe was billeted in Sivry, an old woman knocked loudly at the door and demanded food, clothing, and protection for a young mother and her new-born babe whom she had with her (compare Dorothea's care for the invalid, Canto II, lines 32-59). Speaking of the manners of the French in Sivry, Goethe wrote : " Night came on ; it was time for the children to go to bed. They came up to their father and mother, curtsied respectfully, kissed their hands, and said, ' Bon soir, papa,' ' Bon soir, maman,' with charming grace " (compare Canto VIII, lines 41-47). The incident of a noble-minded youth who was at- tracted to Paris by high hopes for the cause of. liberty, as was Dorothea's first betrothed (compare Canto IX, 1 Near Frankfort, at the junction of the Main and the Rhine rivers, in western Germany. APPENDIX C 225 line 255 ff.), the vivid pictures of the sufferings inflicted on the inhabitants of the country by the plunderers of a retreating army (compare Canto VI, line 53 ff.), and the consoling thought that the horrors and sufferings of war produce many noble and heroic deeds (compare Canto VI, line 83 ff.) are other features that probably have their origin in these campaigns. (c) Classical Influence. Klafftfctye (Einnnrfung. (1) Homer. Goethe was by temperament an epic poet ; real trag- edy was not in accord with his nature. " I plainly feel," he wrote one time to Schiller, " that the very attempt to compose a real tragedy would completely undo me." This feeling also accounts for his antipathy to the French Revolution and his dislike of the storm and stress of political struggles. Since Homer exemplified so well this peace of mind and contentment for which Goethe strove and longed in his life, he was a favorite author with him. During the composition of Hermann und Dorothea Goethe read the Iliad and the Odyssey repeatedly and followed Homer as a model for his epic. He succeeded, too, in picturing contemporary life and manners with the same delightful naivete that Homer displayed in picturing the Greek life and feelings of his day. 1 1 See Appendix B, b aud c, pages 212-214. 226 APPENDIX C The successful epic poet works as a painter or sculptor does ; his figures stand before us like living beings. As Goethe said : " The devices which I have employed in my last poem (Hermann und Dorothea) I have learned entirely from plastic art " (painting and sculpture). Pure description is not acceptable ; it must be joined with action. When Homer wishes to picture for us the won- derful shield of Achilles, he does not describe it ab- stractly, but brings out each detail as Vulcan makes it ; so Goethe pictures for us the garden and fields of the prosperous innkeeper by following the busy housewife as she goes through them in search of her son. Homer does not enumerate the parts of a ship, but shows us Odysseus building the craft that is to bear him away from the island of Calypso ; so Goethe takes us with Hermann as he goes to harness the beautiful horses that he has raised from colts, and we watch each step of the process. In this way one pleasant episode after another enriches from time to time the main theme of the story. Not only in spirit and style has Goethe followed his ancient model, but he has borrowed from him many a well-turned phrase or device. 1 His imitation, however, is not slavish and does not imply inability on his part. It indicates rather that, permeated with the Homeric feeling and spirit, he invested modern life and modern people with the same childlike charm and simplicity. He merely showed that the elementary and primitive desires, sufferings, joys, and actions of modern man and woman are akin to those celebrated by the great singer of Greece. 1 See Appendix E, e, pages 248-251. APPENDIX C 227 (2) Italian Journey. $>ie Staliemfcfje 3ieife. . It was in Italy (1786-1788) that Goethe became thor- oughly imbued with this Greek feeling and Homeric spirit. He even planned to rival Homer and contest with him on his own ground, for in Sicily, where Homer tirst became a living poet to him, he sketched a plan of Nausikaa, a drama which was to concentrate the Odyssey, and in later years (1798-1799) he planned and wrote the first canto of the Achilleis, which was to relate the death of this hero as the Iliad does Hector's. Both works, however, were finally abandoned, for they required too close an imitation of his teacher, a thing which was wholly foreign to his genius. The classic spirit, how- ever, which he had found in Italy remained with him during the rest of his life and permeated all of his later writings, but none more than Hermann und Dorothea. (d) Voss's Luise. Doffens utfc. In 1783-1784, Johann Heinrich Voss (1751-1826), the famous translator of Homer, 1 published Luise, an idyl of North German rural life. The poem won great favor immediately, for its simple, lifelike pictures contrasted most pleasingly with the artificial productions of the earlier literary school. Schiller said that it "had not only enriched, but, in fact, had extended the domain of German literature," and that it " vied with remarkable l See Appendix E, /, (1), page 254. 228 APPENDIX C success with the best Greek models." Wieland * declared that Voss could claim position among the greatest poets of all times. These statements were made before Hermann und Dorothea appeared. Xow the words of A. W. Schle- gel 2 ring truer : " Posterity will always remember Luise because she presented Dorothea for baptism." Both in content and form Luise exerted an influence on Goethe which he himself did not hesitate to acknowl- edge. On February 28, 1798, he wrote to Schiller : " I still remember very well the genuine enthusiasm with which I greeted the pastor of Grunau, 3 when he first appeared in the Merkur.* How many times I read the poem aloud, so that I still know a large part of it by heart; it was well for me, too, that I did so, for this pleasure of mine became productive ; it lured me into writing something in the same style ; it called Hermann und Dorothea into being, and who knows what else may follow?" Bottiger 5 quotes Goethe as saying, "This is Yoss's service, without whose Luise this poem could not have come into existence." To Voss himself Goethe wrote on December 6, 1796 : " I shall not conceal how much I owe our Wolf 6 and you in this work. You have shown me the way, and he has given me the courage to travel it." Much the same tribute is paid these two men in the 1 See (Sinleitung (Introduction), page xix, lines 11-12. 2 See Appendix B, page 212, note 2. 8 The father of Luise ; see page 229. 4 A critical literary journal published by Wielaud. 5 See Appendix B, b, page 213, note 3. 6 See note to Elegie, line 27, page 148. APPENDIX C 229 Elegy (see text, page 4, lines 27-30, 35-36). It is a mistake, however, to take Goethe's words too seriously, to draw minute comparisons of words, epithets, and con- structions in the two poems, as some critics have done, and to say that Goethe has servilely copied Voss's style and diction and has even embodied whole phrases in his poem. Such a method was wholly foreign to his nature ; he never even duplicated one of his own works. These likenesses may be accounted for rather in the Homeric origin of the two poems, the exigencies of the language, and the similarity of the style. In his Luise Voss pictures for us in three idyls the household of a North German country minister, the pastor of Griinau. The seventeenth birthday of the daughter Luise is celebrated in the neighboring woods, close to a lake, in simple, rural fashion. Later her fiance pays her a visit ; and finally, when the girl appears before her father in her wedding gown on the evening before the day set for her marriage (ber Bolter* abenb), the latter determines to marry them at once and not to wait for the appointed day. The venerable pas- tor, the busy mother, the worthy bridegroom, the happy bride, and even the sturdy servants are pictured not without a certain grace and charm of manner. Voss, however, nowhere rises above the provincial neighbor- hood and the trivialities of everyday life in the small parsonage. Goethe pictures for us universal types of human existence that are living beings acting with a world background. Voss depicts with the minutest detail a small corner of the world, wholly cut off from the universe outside, and his characters fail to come to 230 APPENDIX C life and seem real. His greatest service is, after all, that he led Goethe to see the epic possibilities of every- day life and gave him the inspiration for his greater classic. (e) Other Influences. Oliver Goldsmith's (1728-1774) Vicar of Wakejield (1766) was the first modern work to picture the idyllic charm of simple country life. Goethe learned to know this story in his Strassburg days, 1 when Herder showed him its beauty. At this time he said, " A Protestant country pastor is, perhaps, the finest subject for a modern idyl." 2 It was not through the Vicar of Wakefield alone, how- ever, that Goethe became convinced of this fact. There was also the attractive country parsonage of Pastor Brion 3 at Sesenheim, and the pastor's charming daugh- ter Friederike. These virtually brought the Vicar of Wakefield and his household to life for the impulsive and vivacious young student, who made many a trip from Strassburg to visit these good people. The days he spent here he counted among the happiest of his life, and the grace and attraction of Dorothea may often be likened to Friederike's charm. This Sesenheim episode must surely be reckoned as a fruitful source of Goethe's masterful epic. That Klopstock's Messias, which was for its time the 1 See einleititng (Introduction), page xv, line 12 ff. 2 Dichtung und Wahrheit, Part II, Book X. 8 See Sinleitung (Introduction), page xvi, line 27 ff. APPENDIX C 231 first German epic and the first real creation of modern German literature, was the favorite poem of Goethe's boyhood must also be considered. The sonority of these first real German hexameters appealed strongly to the boy's declamatory ardor, and he never seemed to weary of repeating them. 1 1 See Appendix E,/, (1), pages 253-254. APPENDIX D. D. Background. $er ^intergrwtb. (a) Historical Setting. Boyesen l says of Hermann und Dorothea : " What es- pecially dignifies this simple story and gives it an epic grandeur and movement is its connection with the great event of the eighteenth century, the French Revolution. The storm still lingers far in the background ; we hear its sullen mutterings, and see now and then a flash of lurid lightning. We see the breathless, flying groups which precede the progress of the devastation, and we feel the dread power that is hurrying them onward. The revolution, although nowhere actually introduced, except as a theme of conversation, is still a distinctly felt presence throughout the domestic drama." At its beginning the French Revolution (1789-1799) had appealed to many idealists, even in Germany, as the dawn of a new era of liberty and fraternity for all (com- pare Canto VI, lines 3-39), but its forces soon clashed with the established governments of Europe. In 1792 1 Boyesen, Hjalmar H. : Goethe and Schiller. 232 APPENDIX D 233 the revolutionists met the opposition of Prussia and Austria by an advance into the Palatinate, 1 and by the capture of the important cities on the west bank of the Rhine. Although the German inhabitants of this region were not hostile to the spirit of the revolution, they be- came thoroughly disgusted and enraged when the con- querors proved to be vulgar and selfish plunderers (com- pare Canto VI, lines 40-51). When, in 1793, luck turned in favor of the Prussians, and the country west of the Rhine was regained, these same peasants took savage re- venge on their oppressors (compare Canto VI, lines 52- 79). Early in 1794 the French were again on the offen- sive, and successfully. Besides many other victories, the eastern frontier was moved to the Rhine. In the summer of 1796 two great French armies moved on the Rhine, crossing it at Strassburg on June 23. Later Frankfort and Mainz were invested and Bavaria was invaded. Devastation and outrage marked the ad- vance of both armies. Checked finally late in August and in September by the Austrian Archduke, they were forced to evacuate Frankfort and Mainz and to withdraw beyond the Rhine. Now the peasants everywhere again arose to avenge the indignities which they had suffered. How close this upheaval was to Goethe and how real its presence, we may learn from his letters of July and August, 1796. In one he says : " The French tempest is still raging on the other side of the Thuringian forest. In the future let us revere these mountains, which usu- ally send us cold winds, as a deity, if this time they serve as a stormbreak." 1 A state on the west bank of the Rhine, north of Alsace. 234 APPENDIX D From the Rhine and the Main rivers every one was fleeing. Goethe's native city of Frankfort was bom- barded ; his Grandfather Textor's residence was de- stroyed ; and his mother was compelled to take refuge temporarily in Offenbach, a small town near Frankfort. These facts and the many reports of outrages and de- struction brought the scene very vividly before Goethe. Under these circumstances he began the composition of his epic which was to echo the distant rumble of this storm. (6) Time and Place of Action. Die 3>ett unb bcr (Drt bcr Ranblting. In a letter to his artist friend, Heinrich Meyer (1760- 1832), on December 5, 1796, Goethe said that the time of the action of his epic was about the preceding August. Many of the incidents, however, are taken from the earlier days of the revolution as well as from some of his own experiences in the campaigns of 1792-1793. 1 The im- mediate time is a Sunday afternoon in late summer (see Canto II, line 113) ; the entire action takes place within ten hours. Goethe was frequently asked to tell what particular German city he had chosen for the scene of Hermann und Dorothea. His answer was : " People want to know which city on the Rhine is intended in my Hermann und Dorothea. As if i,t would not be better to imagine any one they please. People want truth, they want reality, and through these they destroy poetry." 2 1 See Appendix C, b, pages 223-225. 8 Gesprache mit Eckermann, December 27, 1826. APPENDIX D 235 Commentators have long been content to accept Goethe's words literally and to think of any small city in southern Germany in one of the side valleys on the right bank of the Rhine as the scene of the story. In the case of the plot, however, the main theme and nearly every minor incident may be traced to a definite source, either in Goethe's reading or in his life. It would seem logical, therefore, to believe that some definite place had furnished the main details of the location, even though minor suggestions were taken from different locations, for the scene is too definitely pictured to be entirely imaginary. Professor Thomas (in his edition, New York, 1915) calls attention to a monograph of C. J. Kullmer of Syra- cuse University entitled Possneck und Hermann und Dorothea (Heidelberg, 1910), in which it seems to be irre- futably proved that Possneck is the original Stadtclien. Goethe visited here in the summer of 1795 and found a Wirt and Wirtin of a Golden Lion Inn who had lost heavily by fire in their early married life. Their grown son, too, did not measure up to the father's expectations in business ability. Besides an Angel Pharmacy and the fine green-stuccoed house of a wealthy merchant (who also had three daughters, one of whom was even called Minchen), there was a fine new turnpike road, a whitewashed tower, and a hillside vineyard approached through a private postern gate and containing a famous old pear tree. Possneck, which is 54 miles southwest of Weimar and now has a population of 13,000, also has a number of factories for the manufacture of woolen and leather 236 APPENDIX D goods, dyes, porcelain, and musical instruments, a fact which substantiates the statement in Canto I, line 58, Sftcmdjer ^abrtfen befUf; man fid) ba unb mandjes An inn of the Golden Lion (where Goethe spent his last birthday) is also to be found in the beautiful little mountain village of Ihnenau in the Thuringian forest where Goethe often went to rest or to look after Duke Karl August's mines. When he went there in October 1796, while he was writing Hermann und Dorothea, Schiller wrote him, " At least you can find the little vil- lage of your Hermann there, and an apothecary or a green house with stucco work is probably there too." The relation of minor details of scene to Goethe's life and experiences is pointed out in the notes. APPENDIX E. The Text. $er Xcjt. (a) Composition. "Das Dtctyten. Although the theme of Hermann und Dorothea sim- mered in Goethe's mind for several years, the actual com- position was carried on with greater dispatch than the poet usually displayed. Many of his works were years in the making, the most notable of all being Faust, 1 on which he worked more or less for sixty years. Work on Hermann und Dorothea progressed with remarkable ease and rapidity from September 9, 1796, to June 8, 1797. There was only a month or two during this time when the creative Muse seemed to fail the poet and little work was done. During the remaining months Goethe worked with almost feverish haste. Hchiller records that for nine days in succession Goethe wrote over one hundred and tifty hexameters a day. 2 As a result of this rapid pro- 1 See Sinlcttuitfl (Introduction), page xx, line 32; page xxiv, lines 9-19; page xxix, lines 17-18. 2 This would make a total of about 1450 lines. What Goethe wrote was the first six cantos now containing about 1400 lines. 237 238 APPENDIX E duction we have a well-rounded, unified whole, not a com- posite picture showing different periods and phases of Goethe's life, as many of his works do whose composi- tion extended over many years. In the summer of 1796 Goethe finished Wilhelm Meis- ter, 1 a novel on which he had been engaged at intervals for twenty-one years. He was associated with Schiller in the publication of the Mtisenalmanach z and was trans- lating the autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini 3 for Schiller's Horen* This latter work was interrupted for a few days by the composition of the idyl Alexis und Dora. 5 AVhen these works were nearing completion new plans arose, or rather old ideas presented themselves for execution, for Bottiger, 6 who was intimate with Goethe during the composition, tells us that the material for the poem was discovered in 1794. Goethe himself says : " Scarcely had I freed myself (from Wilhelm Meisters 1 See inleitung (Introduction), page xxi, line 1; page xxiii, lines 31-32. 2 An annual publication appearing from 1796-1800, in which many of Goethe's and Schiller's best poems were printed, as well as the famous Xenia (see Smlettung (Introduction), page xxiii, lines 28-30, and Notes, page 145, The Elegy). 8 The most eminent goldsmith and one of the most important sculp- tors of the Italian Renaissance (1500-1">71). His autobiography is a literary masterpiece, an invaluable narrative of his own brilliant career, and a vivid picture of the Renaissance. 4 A high-class literary magazine published from 1794 to 1797. The most eminent literary men of Germany contributed to it (see Stnlettung (Introduction), page xxiii, line 27, and Notes, page 146, On December 7). It was the factor that led to the great friendship between Schiller and Goethe (see nleitung (Introduction), page xxiii, lines 21-26). 6 See Appendix B, c, page 214, not* 4. 6 See Appendix B, b, page 213, note 3. APPENDIX E 239 Lehrjahre) 1 by its gradual publication, before I assumed a new burden, which, however, was easier to bear, or rather was no burden, because it gave opportunity to ex- press certain views, feelings, and ideas of the time. The plan of Hermann und Dorothea was conceived and de- veloped simultaneously with the events of the day. The execution was begun during September and com- pleted so that [the first cantos] could be read to friends. With facility and pleasure the poem was written, and it reflected these feelings. The subject and its execution so possessed me that I could never read the poem aloud without intense feeling, and this effect has endured even after so many years." 2 In a letter to Schiller about July 7, 1796, Goethe first mentioned the poem. " I shall in the future, in so far as one is master of one's self in such matters, keep to smaller works, choosing only the simplest themes, in order to accomplish, at least in form, all that my powers are capable of. ... I have a domestic idyl in mind, be- cause I must also do something of that kind." 3 On August 18, 1796, Goethe went from Weimar to Jena, 4 where he lived in an old castle of the dukes of Saxe-Weimar. From this time on his diary (Tagebucher) gives a rather complete account of the composition of the poem. 3 It is not often that the progress of a work can 1 See Einleitung, page xxi, line 1 ; page xxiii, lines 31-32. 2 Tag- und Jahreshefte for 1796 (probably written in 1823 or 1824). 8 The extracts from the Tagebucher and Brief e are quoted from Graef, H. G., Goethe iiber seine Dichtungen, Volume I, pages 79-199. 4 Jena is ten miles southeast of Weimar. Schiller was a professor in the university there. 240 APPENDIX E be followed as carefully and in such detail as can this. Only a few extracts follow : September 9, 3ena. Ifteuer 2lutrieb ^ur grofeen 3bt)Ue. September 11, 3ena. Slnfang bie 3bt)Ue 511 uerftficireu. September 12, 3ena. grill) l 3bi)Ue. (September 13, 3ena. griib, 3bt)tte. SBarb fertig ber $roeite eicutg. September 14, 3ena. grill) 3bt)tfe. September 15, 3ena. grill) 3bt)Ue. September 16, 3ena. grill) 3bi)Ee. SSarb fertig ber Dierte efang (5-6).* September 17, 3ena. \veite alfte be britten efan^g (4). September 18, 3ena. Srfte a(fte be3 britten efaitg^ (3). 3)er jroeite, britte, unb toierte ejang (2-6) ju= fammengefjangt. September 19, 3ena. Gvfte atfte be erften efangeS. September 28, 3ena. 3)a8 epifcfje (Sebic^t tuieber uorgenommeit. On October 5, 1796, Goethe returned to Weimar, but now for a few months the poetic Muse seemed to fail him, so he spent his time revising and copying what he had finished. On December 28, with Duke Karl August, he departed for Leipzig and Dessau, returning to Weimar on January 10, 1797. During this time he outlined the conclusion of the poem. On February 20, he went again 1 Goethe's mode of life was extremely simple ; his daily program was as follows: He arose at seven o'clock and worked until eleven without interruption, (tjriif) refers to this portion of the day.) After taking a cup of chocolate lie resumed work until one o'clock. At two he dined. He often went to the theater or to visit friends in the evening. Between eight and nine he had a frugal supper and retired at ten. 2 Goethe first planned the epic with six cantos. The figures in pa- rentheses from here on give the corresponding numbers of the cantos as finally divided into nine. APPENDIX E 241 to Jena and worked rapidly from this time on, as the diary shows. 2)iiir$ 1, Sena. 2, Sena. 3, Sena. 4, Sena. 5, Sena, 9)Mrj 9, Sena, STZarj 10, Sena. 3Jiar.5 11, Sena. SDtarj 12, Sena, 13, Sena, 15, Sena. 2Jta'r : 3 16, Sena. 19, Sena, 20, Sena, ftriil) ben tnerten @efang in Orbnung gebradjt unb jum S 3lbfd)reiben gegeben. 2lu ber SRitte be jechften (8-9) @efong. 2tn ben t>or()ergel)enben corvigtvt. 2>er Slnfang be jedjften efang (8). gritb, am fed)ften (8-9) efang. gru^ am fedjften (8-9) efang. grub, am ebicfyte corrigirt. 5 VU ^) am ebtd)te corrigirt unb abgefcljrieben. en ganjen Sag 311 anfe, oiet am ebid)te ar= rangirt unb corrigirt. griil) ju anfe, ant ebid^te corrigirt. ^riib, am cbid)t bent Snbe gngerucft. nth, ba @ebid)t geenbigt. 1 5 r "^ am rftfn efang corrigirt. grub, am ebid)t corrigirt. (^nil)) am ebidjt corrigirt, befonberS am fed)(ten (8-9) efange. ben @djlu be te^ten efangS. 1 Knfang gur ?lbfd)rift ber brei tefeten efange (4-6=5-9). corrigirt. 2)Mrj 21, Sena, 2Rarj 22, Sena, On March 31, Goethe returned to Weimar, but was un- able to accomplish much. He went back to Jena on May 19. On June 3, he wrote to Schiller : " Enclosed is ' Urania,' May the Nine who have stood by us thus far soon aid us to the completion of the epic." A few days were all that was necessary for the fulfillment of this wish, as the diary shows : 1 These endings are the first drafts. Much revising, polishing, and correcting was still to be done. 242 APPENDIX E 3uni 1, 3ena. c&lufe bes epifcfjen @ebid)te. 3um 8, 3ena. ^riit) enbung an 3Meroeg gefcfcloffen. (t>) Publication. Die fjcrausgabc. The history of the publication of Hermann und Doro- thea may be traced from the diary and letters almost as readily as the story of the composition. Speaking of Schiller's aesthetic magazine Die Horen, 1 Goethe wrote to him on October 26, 1796 : " I have also been thinking whether we should not publish the first three cantos (1-4) of my epic poem in the first number (for the year 1797) and wait until the lovely springtime inspires the rest. It is a risk, however, to publish the beginning, especially of so small a composition, which may be easily overlooked. Then, too, one must give a thought to that troublesome Mammon, for, since the completed work will be as long as Toss's Lnise* it would make at least half a volume of my works. Then I should at least have the pleasure of seeing it printed at one time ; I do not really know, therefore, what to do or to leave undone." In the Tagebucher for January 14, 1797, we find : 33otttger 3 toegen be3 eptfd)en ebtdjtS. Bottigerhad been corresponding with the publisher Vieweg in Berlin since November, 1796, about a Taschenbuch (a small giftbook and almanac published annually and usually illustrated). 1 See Appendix E, a, page 238, note 4. 2 This poem had eighteen hundred and sixty lines in the complete edition of 1795. See Appendix C, d, page 227 ff. 8 See Appendix B, 6, page 213 and note 3. APPENDIX E 243 Vieweg desired that a work of Goethe's should comprise the literary section of the book. Through Bottiger's good offices he procured Hermann und Dorothea for the Taschenbnch of 1798. On January 16, 1797, Goethe sent to Bottiger a sealed envelope containing the following note : " For the epic poem Hermann und Dorothea I demand a thousand talers in gold" (about $750, a very liberal remuneration in those days). Yieweg's offer coincided with Goethe's demand and he received the manuscript for exclusive publication in 1798 and the two following years. Goethe also gave his con- sent for a cheaper edition. On April 17, 1797, the first four cantos were dispatched to the publisher. On May 14, Vieweg sent some money to Goethe, and on May 22, Goethe sent Cantos 5-8. The sending of the last installment is noted in the diary of June 8 griit) (genbung an 2Metr>eg gefcfyloffett. To illustrate this first edition Goethe was very anxious to have pictures of the Muses corresponding to the titles of the cantos, but the artist was too busy to complete them. Goethe was content, therefore, with an engrav- ing by Chodowiecki representing the Prussian royal family, a colored fashion plate, and six engravings of landscapes. The book appeared under the title : afd)ettbud) fitr 1798, ^ermann unb >orotf)ea t>on $ 28- & n oetfye, ^Berlin bet) griebnd) 33tetneg bem tifteren." There were several editions in various bindings and on different kinds of paper. Goethe sent some copies bound in silk and morocco to his most intimate friends as gifts. 244 APPENDIX E From 1798 until Goethe's death some twenty-five other single editions, with or without illustrations, appeared in 1798, 1799 (2), 1803, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1811, 1813, 1814 (3), 1815, 1816, 1817, 1820, 1822 (2), 1823, 1825, 1826 (2), 1829 (3), 1830. In 1808, 1817, and 1830, Hermann und Dorothea ap- peared in Goethe's collected works published by Cotta in Stuttgart and Tubingen. Cotta also published it sepa- rately in 1814, 1817, and 1829. It has also appeared in all later editions of Goethe's works. Spurious and un- authorized reprints, some of which were claimed to be revised, appeared in 1799, 1804, 1810, and so on. Several evident errors, which were never corrected by Goethe, have no doubt crept in from these pirated editions. At the present time there are a large number of sepa- rate editions of Hermann und Dorothea edited for school use. It is also contained in all complete editions of Goethe's works. The most important and extensive of these is the Weimar edition (Weimar, 1887-) prepared by a large board of the best authorities as editors at the order of Grandduchess Sophie of Sachsen-Weimar. This edition contains all of Goethe's literary and scien- tific writings, together with his diaries and letters. There are about one hundred twenty-five volumes. Of the other recent comprehensive editions that by Karl Heinemann is perhaps annotated with the best critical insight. Others are the Jitbilaeums Ausgabe (Stuttgart, 1907-), the Wilhelm Ernst Ausgabe (Leipzig, 1908-), the Propylaeen Ausgabe (Munich, 1909-), the Tempel-Klassiker Ausgabe (Leipzig, 1909-), and the Nene Hempel Ausgabe (Berlin, 1910-). APPENDIX E 245 (c) Revision. Die Kcptfion. In the composition of Hermann und Dorothea Goethe worked with extreme care, revising, correcting, and polishing, so that the finished product might be as nearly perfect as possible. The problem of adapting the classi- cal hexameter verse successfully to the German language and making it embody modern thought was one which challenged the best efforts of the poet. His diary shows how much he studied ancient writers and authorities on verse (^Eschylus, Aristotle, and Homer), and how much he consulted the best poets and critics of his own day (Schiller, Wm. von Humboldt, A. AY. Schlegel, Bottiger, and the writings of Klopstock, Wolf, and Voss). On February 18, 1797, he wrote to Schiller: "I am finally venturing to send you the first three cantos (1-4) of the epic poem. Be kind enough to look them through carefully and let me know your judgment. I also ask this friendly service of von Humboldt." After the first edition was printed Goethe did not send any more corrections to Vieweg. On May 1, 1805, he wrote to the publisher Cotta of Tubingen in regard to the publication of a new edition of his collected works in twelve volumes. In this letter to Cotta Goethe said that Hermann und Dorothea was to be " revised accord- ing to his later convictions in regard to prosody." This new edition has a number of changes in spelling (one of the most interesting is " Hermann " instead of " Herrmann " of all the earlier editions) and some sixty more or less important changes in the text. These 246 APPENDIX E emendations generally affect only single points in a line, but they make for greater smoothness and clearness and were continued in all authorized editions published dur- ing Goethe's lifetime. There is no evidence of any further personal revision by the poet for the later editions of 1814 and the last edition (9lu3gabe tester )cmb) which was undertaken shortly before his death (1827-1830). The revision and correction of these was intrusted to others, for Goethe's interest was not in minute philological details. (d) Kind of Poem. Die 2lrt bes (Sebtctyts. In a letter to his artist friend, Heinrich Meyer, on December 5, 1796, Goethe stated his aim in composing Hermann und Dorothea as follows : " I have endeavored to separate in the epic crucible the purely human existence of a small German city from its dross, and at the same time to reflect from a small mirror the great movements and changes of the world-theater." To Goethe the poem was unquestionably an epic, although in his diary he often refers to it as ,,bie grope ^bljtle." Boyesen 1 says, "Hermann und Dorothea is the nearest approach to an epic that modern German literature has to show. The narrative is everywhere characterized by a plastic simplicity and an epic calmness which suggests Homer. ... It is by no mere trickery of words that Goethe has succeeded in giving to his work this rare Greek flavor; ... it is in the structural simplicity of 1 Boyesen, Hjalmar H. : Goethe and Schiller. APPENDIX E 247 the poem, in its broad rhythmic movement and its noble directness and purity of phrase that the subtlest Greek feeling of the poet especially manifests itself. . . . The thought is as genuinely simple as the style, rising no- where above the mental horizon of the rural community within which the action is placed." Duntzer 1 says : " An idyl is a poetic delineation of a comfortable, happy condition. It does not relate the de- velopment of an action, but sketches a picture with graphic stroke. . . . Hermann und Dorothea has not the slightest trace of the idyl ; for here we find not descrip- tion, but narration, no condition, but an action, and that not a circumscribed one, but rather one that is developed with a definite world-background." If we examine the poem carefully, however, we find many idyllic pictures in addition to this quietly moving epic action and the echo of the world-stirring revolution in the background. The exiles with their patriarchal judge are, so far as we see them in our story, idyllic figures that remind us of the primitive nomads of the days when the world was young. The simple, na'ive life of the small town, the nearness of the characters to nature, which reflects their very moods, the simple love and betrothal are all pictures of idyllic type. So with Jean Paul 2 we may well conclude that the poem is " an epic idyl." The road which connects the simple, se- cluded village with the main-traveled highway that 1 Diintzer, H. : Erlauterunyen zu den deutschen Klassikern : Her- mann und Dorothea. 2 Jean Paul Friedrich Ricliter (1763-1825), the most widely known of German humorists. He was in Weimar in 1796-1797. 248 APPENDIX E leads to the great world outside is symbolic of this union of the idyllic with the epic. (e) Diction. Die Spractye. Simplicity and epic calm characterize the language of Hermann und Dorothea. In many places where com- pound words are now more generally used Goethe has simple ones, with the meaning that the compounds now have (compare Canto I, line 172, benfenb for nacfybenfenb ; II, 173, abe for TOgabe; V, 160, batten for anftalten; IX, 171, fatten for auffyalten, etc.). The frequent use of archaic words enhances this simplicity, and gives a quaint flavor (compare fnnfjig for funfjtg in Canto I, line 2 ; ttere for trier in line 18; etc.). Sometimes these archaic forms are made necessary by the meter, as in the case of triere, and the use of htnen for the more usual Seintoanb in line 14. In many cases words are either shortened or lengthened to fit the meter (compare Canto I, line 39, gefefjn for gefefyen; line 48, roefjet for tt>ef)t; line 65, (gfypaar for (gfjepaar, etc.). Although the vocabulary itself is limited and simple, there is a certain epic profusion of words and a repeti- tion such as we find in Homer and Virgil. The epic style demands retardation of movement. One way of accomplishing this is by repetition of words and phrases (a figure called anaphora], or by repetition of thought with change of phrase, as, )a liberties fid) bent Srfjmerse ber gute ^ungltng unb fteinte, APPENDIX E 249 Seinte taut an ber S3rttft ber Gutter, imb fprarf) fo erroeidjet. Unb ( i e $ ba$ ^ftofter 3 it r it d e , 8tefj juritcf bie 2ftauern ber @tabt nnb bte retntidjen Jitrme. Unb e pra^ten bei nn3 bie Obern unb raubten tm Unb e 3 raubten unb pra^ten bis 311 bem ^(etnften bie Itleinen. In describing the dress of Dorothea a whole passage is repeated word for word (Canto V, lines 169-176, and Canto VI, lines 136-144). A striking use of anaphora is the repetition of the verb faf) five times in four succes- sive verses (Canto VI, lines 96-99 ; compare also nte- manb in VI, 200-203; I, 196-197; etc.). Phrases are sometimes so often repeated as almost to become monotonous. In Canto II four consecutive speeches are introduced by ,,)a tterfefcte," while ,,)railf Derfefcte," fr fagte," or ,,erttriberte" have already occurred five times in the same canto. , f )a derfe^te" also intro- duces three consecutive speeches in Canto V. A common Homeric usage is the apostrophe to the Muses (see Canto IX, lines 1-5) and the poet's direct address to the speaker when the latter is beginning a speech. Goethe has made sparing use of this latter method ; only three examples occur : 5lber bn ^aitberteft nod), t or fid) tiger ^l ad) bar, unb fagteft: 250 APPENDIX E bit layette ft brauf, oerftaubiger ^farrer, unb fagteft:- Slber bit fagteft inbefl, efjrtourbiger 9?id)ter, ju Note that in each case the person addressed is further characterized by an appropriate adjective. This method of designating the characters by certain set adjectives is common throughout the poem. The mother is called ,,bie Huge, oerftanbtge mu3frau," ,,bte tmtrbige )au3frau," ,,bie gute Gutter/' ,,bie fcerftaubtge SJhttter," or ,,bie gute, uerftaubige 3)hitter." The father is ,,ber treffltdje ^wusun'rt," ,,ber gute 23ater," or simply ,,ber 33ater." The pastor appears as ,,ber eb(e, fcerftcmbtge *!J3farrt)err," ,,ber gute, tierftaubtge ^farrfyerr," or he is called ,,treff(ic^," ,,gut," or ,,0er[taubtg." The apothecary is ,,ber gefpriic^tge s ^acf)bar"; the judge is ,,ti)itrbtg," ,,e^r= ttmrbig," ,,tt)a(fer," or ,,trefflic^." Hermann is ,,ber treff* H(^e," lf ber gute," ,,ber gute, cerftdnbige 3it n 9^ n 9/' an(l ,,ber ^Wtigttug ebteu C^efit^I^," and Dorothea is ,,ba gute Sftabcften," ,,bie treffltc^e," ,,bte ,,ba^ fto^^erjtge aJJabt^en," and ,, Speakers are further characterized by adverbs or ad- verbial phrases describing their words or how they spoke, such as ,,bebad)ttg," ,,bebeuteub," ,,geritl)rt," ,,ge* fdjaftig," Ja^etub/' ,,lt)Urbig gefinut," ,,mit 9^ad)bru(f," ,,mtt ernftli(i)en SBorten," ,,mit fro^er ebarbe," and ,,mit mnttnfidjett, ftugeu ebau!en." Many phrases remind one vividly of Homer, as : ,,Uub fit^eS 53er(angeu ergrtff fie," ,,3 lu i e fP a ^ ll)ar m ^ r ^ m ,,jDa befall i^m feiu eift," ,,bie rafdje Uraft APPENDIX E 251 ber tetd)tt)tn3te()enben ^ferbe," ,,Me ttofylgejimmerten <2d)eunen," ,,ber uioljlwnjcwnete SBeinberg," and ,,bie geflitgelten SBorte." The latter phrase, however, is used of a rapid speech, while with Homer it is a set phrase. Unlike Homer, Goethe makes scarcely any use of sim- iles, only one long one occurring in the entire poem (Canto VII, lines 1-7). The position of words in the sentence differs fre- quently from the normal prose order. A common usage smacking of Homer is the separation of the genitive from the noun on which it depends, as : Unb cmf bag Sftauerdjen f e^ten 23etbe fid) nieber beg Quell 3. Unb eg Ijb'rte Me $rage, Me freunblidje, gem in bem fatten ^ermann beg herrlidjen 33aitm3. This latter example illustrates another common con- struction, the appositional adjective (Me freunbUcfye) standing after its n6un. Examples of this use are very numerous. etber bag iiberrfietntfcfye 8anb, bag f eft one, derlaffenb. Slug jenem >aufe, bem griinen. 5llg id) bie Sorte uernafitn, bte tierftanbigen. The frequent use of such connective words as, ,,llnb fo," ,,ba/' ,,benn," ,,aber," ,,fo aud^/' where no connective is needed, and two clauses are not at all correlative, is also a favorite epic treatment, as is the use of the inter- jections ,,fiirRiaf)r," and ,,toal)rlicf)." 252 Everywhere the speech accords with the characters, who are, after all, idealized types rather above the aver- age " the purely human element separated from the dross in the epic crucible," as Goethe himself puts it. 1 As universal types, representing the best in man and freed from whatever is common, vulgar, or eccentric, they are frequently the mouthpieces for Goethe's philos- ophy of life, and their talk is often " wiser " - than that of the ordinary common people. Still the language is simple and straightforward, sometimes loosely connected and wordy, but never flowery and artificial. It shows a nice union of Homeric style with the natural idiom of everyday speech ; there is no effort at smartness of phrase or forced turns of expression to gain effect. CO Meter.3 35o 2?erma. (1) History of the Hexameter. >ie efd)id)te be Hexameter 4 verse was used by both the Greeks and the Romans as a favorite meter for the epic ; it is the measure of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and of Virgil's Its use in German dates from the fourteenth 1 See Appendix E, d, page 246. , 2 Compare Elegie, page 5, line 41. 3 Voss, J. H. : Zeitmessung der deutschen Sprache was a standard work in Goethe's day. Minor, J. : Neuhochdeutsche Metrik gives a recent discussion of the German hexameter. 4 See' Appendix E, /, (2), page 256 for the structure of the hexa- meter. APPENDIX E 253 century, when it was employed for a somewhat doggerel verse, usually rhymed, and with Latin words often pre- dominating. The earlier writers tried to reproduce the classical method by emphasizing length of syllable, rather than accent. As in the Greek and Latin, they treated syllables as long which had a vowel followed by two consonants, as well as those which were naturally long because of a long vowel or diphthong. Since Ger- man and English depend on accent rather than quantity for rhythm, these first attempts were artificial and highly unsatisfactory. Martin Opitz (1597-1639), in his Such von der deut- schen Poeterey (1624), recognized this fact and estab- lished the principle that the rhythmic movement of modern verse depends upon the regular recurrence of accented syllables, and not upon those that are long by position. Unrhymed hexameters found their champion a cen- tury later in Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700-1766). In his Versuch einer kritischen Dichtkunst (1730), he says : " As in England Milton has been able to write an entire heroic poem without rimes, which is now ap- plauded by the whole nation, it would not be impossible even in German for a great intellect to bring something new into vogue. I am convinced that if Opitz had left any examples of this kind, he would have been fre- quently followed without hesitation." The great intellect that was capable of doing this was Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock's (1724-1803). While a student in the universities of Jena and Leipzig, he began his great religious epic in hexameters, the Messias. 254 APPENDIX E The first three cantos were published in 1748 ; and it is these that the young Goethe read with avidity again and again, learning almost the entire book by heart. 1 The complete volume was published in 1773. This work heralded the beginning of a new era for German poetry ; now the hexameter had come into its own. By imi- tating classic syntax and by creating new combinations of words, Klopstock drilled the German language in the classic measures. Although his verses are sometimes faulty and often sound forced, he must be conceded " the father of modern German prosody.'' The poet Ewald Christian von Kleist (1715-1759) was more discreet in his handling of the German language and tried harder to conform to its phraseology. His work is not so exalted, but more readable. Probably incited by Klopstock's work, Johann Hein- rich Voss 2 (1751-1826) undertook the translation of Homer, and in this he tried to bring the German hex- ameter very close to the classical models. He estab- lished very definite standards for hexameter verse and attained great perfection in form. The German lan- guage, however, does not conform readily to such hard and fast rules, so Voss, who was not a great genius, was led into pedantry and an almost vapid formalism in his attempt to keep to the classic standard. It needed the genius of a Goethe to endow this classi- cal formalism with life, to put a soul into it. During his sojourn in Italy (1786-1788) the true Greek spirit took possession of him, and the knowledge of the cadence of 1 See Dichtung und Wahrheit, Part I, Book II. 2 See Appendix C, d, page 227. APPENDIX E 255 the elegiac 1 verse as well as of the epic hexameter dawned upon him. He stripped away the academic stiffness and suited the verse to the lips of the people. His poetry is free and untrammeled ; as he said of another poet, he made verses as " the rosebush bears roses." He was conscious of no poetic rules and strove to follow no set model. He no longer tried to reproduce by the swing of his verses every action and sound (onomatopoeia). German poetry had suffered enough from having the galloping of horses represented exclusively by dactyls (a measure with a long and two short syllables, _ w w), or the strik- ing of the anvil by spondees (a measure of two equally long syllables, ). Where the older writers had in- sisted upon the classic spondee, which is seldom possible in German, Goethe used the trochee (a long and a short syllable, _ w). Words like Uberfhlf?, Canto I, line 155, 23ater(anb, IV, 75, and 2lpfe(6aum, VI, 173, he used as dactyls (_ w w), where the old school would have considered the last syllable long (_ w __) ; in sttadjbor, II, 97, 2ttgtft, II, 170, and SSeinberg, VI, 288, the second syllable is treated as short ; single words like fittb, I, 40, gef)t, I, 108, ttrir, IV, 199, and meitt, IV, 205, are often treated as short, but bie, III, 86, ber, IV, 122, in, I, 167, mit, I, 168, oon, II, 23, and jd, IV, 200, are accented, where the meter requires it. The poet August von Platen (1796-1835), who was a 1 An alternation of hexameter with pentameter lines, used in the Greek and Roman elegies. Goethe used it in his idyllic poem Alexis und Dora (see Appendix B, c, page 214, note 4). 256 APPENDIX E fastidious artist in the handling of the classical meters, said of Hermann und Dorothea : olprid)t ift ber )eramerer jtoar; bocf) nrirb ba3 ebirfjt 23Ietben ber 3tol$ 'DeutfdjIanbS, bteiben Me ^er(e ber ftttttft While we must often agree with this first statement, in general it is just this lack of mathematical regularity which gives the poem so much of its charm. (2) Structure of the Hexameter. A hexameter verse consists of six feet, the last of which is always a spondee (ber pOttbeuS, -- ) or a tro- chee (ber rocf)au3, _ w). The fifth foot is regularly a dactyl (ber $)artl)(u$, _ w w) ; the other four feet may be either spondees or dactyls. Thus constructed, the verse is known as the dactylic hexameter, or heroic verse, the meter of the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the ^Eneid. The best known example in American litera- ture is Longfellow's Evangeline. In Hermann und Dorothea about ten lines have a spon- dee in the fifth foot : Canto II, line 90 ; IV, 21, 29, 141, 212 ; V, 57, 211, 233 ; VI, 292 ; VII, 163. These lines are spondaic hexameters. Their retarded movement gives the effect of effort, weight, or dignity. The hexameter line is broken by a rhetorical pause, usually in the third foot, called a cop.sura (bte (Ecifur). If this pause occurs after a long syllable, it is called mascu- line (tnanttttrf) ; see last four lines of the German quotation APPENDIX E 257 below) ; if after a short syllable, it is feminine (it)etb(id); see first line below). The latter is more common in German. Besides the main caesura there may be one or two subordinate ones in a verse, since a caesura (cut- ting) is really the ending of a word within a foot. A main caesura at the end of the third foot, dividing the line into two equal parts, is very objectionable and not used, but it may occur in other feet besides the third, as after the first syllable of the fourth foot, or occasionally at the end of the fourth foot, the "bucolic caesura" (see Canto II, line 58), so called from its use in the pas- toral or bucolic poetry of the Greeks. If the main cae- sura comes too near the beginning or the end of the verse, it fails in its purpose of dividing the line. Skill in the use of the caesura adds greatly to the variety of the verse and the beauty of the rhythm, as we may see from Goethe's use of it. The modern use of the hexameter in English and Ger- man may be exemplified by the first five lines of Evan- geline and Hermann und Dorothea : \j ^ \^ \j \^/ w W vy This is the | forest pri|meval. II The | murmuring | pines and the | hemlocks, \J \_S W \_J . \^/ \^ Bearded with | moss, and in | garments | green, II indis- V_/ vy tinct in the | twilight y w ^ Stand like | Druids of | eld, II with | voices | sad and pro|phetic, 258 APPENDIX E Stand like | harpers | hoar, I! with | beards that | rest on \j their | bosoms. \J \J W W Loud from its | rocky | caverns, II the | deep-voiced | W W neighboring | ocean )' id) ben | Sftarft unb bie | Strain li bod) | nie fo | etnfam gelfefyen ! 3ft bod) bie | Stabt ttrie ge|fef)rt! it 3Bte | au*ge ftorben ! y ^ 9?id)t | funfatg, >eud)t mtr | blieben $u j rtirf li t>on | atlen | unfern 33e(* tuofjnern. w w _ * $Ba bie | 9Jeugier ntd)t | tut! II @o | rennt unb | tiiuft nun ein | jeber, Urn ben | traurtgen | 3^g H ber | ormen 33ertrtebnen ju | fefyen. The verdict of Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) on the use of the hexameter in Evangel ine applies also to Hermann und Dorothea : " Of the longer poenis of our chief singer, I should not hesitate to select Evangeline as the masterpiece, and I think the general verdict of opinion would confirm my choice. The German model APPENDIX E 259 which it follows in its measure and the character of its story was itself suggested by an earlier idyl. If Doro- thea was the mother of Evangeline, Luise was the mother of Dorothea. And what a beautiful creation is the Acadian maiden ! " The hexameter has often been criticized, but I do not believe any other measure could have told that lovely story with such effect as we feel when carried along the tranquil current of these brimming, slow-moving, soul- satisfying lines. Imagine for one moment a story like this minced into octosyllabics. The poet knows better than his critics the length of step which best befits his muse." APPENDIX F. Bibliography. ie 23tbHograpf)te. (a) Bibliographical. Btbltograpbtfctyes. For a history of the printed text and a brief list of editions of Goethe's works see Appendix E, b, pages 242-244. An extensive list of editions and literature on the poem may be found in Goedeke, Grundriss zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung (9 vols., Dresden, 1884-1910. See Vol. IV, pages 565-756). For articles in current periodicals see the Bibliogra- phie der deutschen Zeitschriften-Literatur (printed annu- ally since 1896) under " Goethe." The Jahresberichte fur neuere deutsche Liter atunjeschi elite (Stuttgart, annually since 1892) give short estimates of important publications on the subject each year. Meyer, R. M., Grundriss der neueren deutschen Literatur- geschichte (2d ed., Berlin, 1907), and Nollen, J S., A Chronology and Practical Bibliography of Modern German Literature (Chicago, 1893), contain further bibliographical aids. 260 APPENDIX F 261 Hewett's edition of Hermann und Dorothea (Boston, 1898) has a very complete bibliography. (6) Biographical. Bielschowsky, A., Goethe, sein Leben und seine Werke (2 vols., 25th ed., Munich, 1913). The Life of Goethe, translated by W. A. Cooper (3 vols., New York, 1905-1907). Boyesen, Hjalmar H., Goethe and Schiller (New York, 1904). Duntzer, Heinrich, Life of Goethe, translated by T. W. Lyster (2 vols., London, 1883). Grimm, Hermann, TJie Life and Times of Goethe, translated by Sarah H. Adams (4th ed., Boston, 1893). Hehn, Victor, Gedanken ilber Goethe (7th ed., Berlin, 1909). Heinemann, K., Goethe (2 vols., 3d ed., Leipzig, 1903). Lewes, George Henry, The Life of Goethe (4th ed., London, 1890). Meyer, Richard M., Goethe (3d ed., Berlin, 1905).' Sime, James, Life of Johann Wolfgang Goethe (London, 1888). (c) General Reference. 2IHgemcines. Biedermann, W. von, Goethes Gesprache (10 vols., 2d ed., Leipzig, 1909). Bb'ttiger, K. A., Literarische Zustiinde nnd Zeitgenossen (2 vols., Leipzig, 1838). Bratranek, F. T., Goethes Briefwechsel mil den Gebriidern von Humboldt, 1795-1832 (Leipzig, 1876). 262 APPENDIX F Braun, J. W., Schiller und Goethe im Urteile Hirer Zeityenos- sen (3 vols., Part II : Goethe, Berlin, 1883-1885). Chuquet, A., Goethe, Campayne de France (2d ed., Paris, 1890). Eckermann, J. P., Gesprache mit Goethe (ed. by A. Bar- tels, 2 vols., Jena, 1908). Geiger, L., Brieftcechsel zicischen Schiller tind Korner (4 vols., Stuttgart, 1895-1896). Geiger, L., Goethe-Jahrbuch (Frankfurt a. M., annually since 1880). Graef, H. G., Goethe ilber seine Dichtungen (Part I : Die epischen Dichtungen. Frankfurt a. M., 1901). Graef und Leitzmann, Briefwechsel zicischen Schiller und Goethe (3 vols., Leipzig, 1912). Jonas, F., Schillers Briefe (7 vols., Stuttgart, 1892-1896). Kullmer, C. J., Pdssneck und Hermann und Dorothea (Heidelberg, 1910). Lehmann, J. A. 0. L., Goethes Sprache und ihr Geist (Ber- lin, 1852). Olbrich, C., Goethes Sprache und die Antike (Leipzig, 1891). Riemer, F. W., Mitteilungen uber Goethe (2 vols., Berlin, 1841). (d) Critical. Krtttfc^es. Cholevius, L., Asthetische und historische Einleitung nebst fortlaufender Erkldrung zu Goethes Hermann und Dorothea (3d ed., Leipzig, 1897). Duntzer, H., Erlduterungen zu den deutschen Klassikern : Hermann und Dorothea (8th ed., Leipzig, 1898). APPENDIX F 263 Helm, V., Uber Goethes Hermann und Dorothea (Stutt- gart, 1903). Hewett, W. T., A Study of Goethe's Printed Text: Her- mann und Dorothea (Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, Vol. XIV, No. 1, Baltimore, 1899). Hewett, W. T., Notes to Hermann und Dorothea (Modern Language Notes, VII, 334-339). Humboldt, W. von, Asthetische Versuche ilber Hermann und Dorothea (3d ed., Braunschweig, 1883. In his Ge- sammelte Werke, Vol. IV). Schlegel, A. W., Uber Hermann und Dorothea (in his Sammtliche Werke, Vol. XI, Leipzig, 1846-1847). Shreyer, H., Das Fortleben homerischer Gestalten in Goethes Dichtung (Giitersloh, 1893). In all histories of German literature there are esti- mates of Hermann und Dorothea in the discussions of Goethe's works. (c) Metrical. HTetrtfd?cs. Cholevius, C. L., Geschichte der deutschen Poesie nach ihren antiken Elementen (Leipzig, 1856). Drobisch, M. W., Uber die Formen des Hexameters (Be- richte der Kon. Sachs. Gesellschaft der Wissen- schaften, Phil.-hist. Klasse., May 26, 1866, July 1 and Dec. 12, 1868). Hehn, V., Einiges iiber Goethes Vers (Goethe-Jahrbuch, Vol. VI, pages 176-230). Minor, J., Neuhochdeutsche Metrik (2d ed., Strassburg, 1903). 264 APPENDIX F Voss, J. H-, Zeitmessung der deutschen Sprache (Konigs- berg, 1802). Wackernagel, W., Geschichte des deutschen Hexameters und Pentameters bis auf .Klopstock (Berlin, 1831). (/) Translations. ubetfefetmgen. The earliest translation into English was made in 1801 by Thomas Holcroft, a friend and correspondent of Goethe's. Several other English translations have been made. One of the best is that by Ellen Frothing- ham (Boston, 1874). There are translations also into Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, Italian, Spanish, Portu- guese, Swedish, Russian, Polish, Dutch, Hungarian, Bohemian, and Danish. (An extensive list is given in Hewett's edition, Boston, 1898.) (g) Illustrations. Btlber. Several painters and engravers have furnished illus- trations for Hermann und Dorothea. Chodowiecki was among the earliest ; later came Wilhelm von Kaulbach, Ludwig Richter, and Moritz Retsch, the well-known illustrator of Faust. The illustrations by Arthur, Baron von Ramberg (1819-1875) used in this edition are among the best. There are many illustrated German editions. APPENDIX G. (5. Questions on the Text 1 ^rogcn iifier ben egt. Canto I. (Erfter (Scfang. (Lines 1-9) \. Wic toaren ber ITtarFt unb bte Straen? 2. IPte fat} bte Stabt aus? 3. IDte mele 23etr>ofyner ber Stabt blieben 3uriicf ? $. IDas trteb fie t^tnaus ? 5. IDas tDolItcn fie fefyen? 6. IDo jogen bte Pertrtebenen? 7. IPtc roeit roar ber Dammroeg ron ber Stabt? 8. tint toelcfyc ett bes Cages 3ogen bte Dertrtebenen oorbet? 9. 3 n a>elcl?er 3al)res3ett fpielt bte (Sefctytcfyte ? \o. If arum tptll ber IPtrt fid? nid?t rom pla^e riihrett? f (Lines 10-21) \\. Don toelctyem Canbc Font men btefc flic^cnben UTenfdpen? \2. 3n n?as fur etnem (Ealc liegt bte Stabt unferer (5efd?id?tc ? IT,. IVas fyat bie ^rau getan? i^. tDarunt follte ber Sotjn ben 2-lnncn tnnen (ieinroanb), (Effett, unb drinfen gcbcn? \?>. Kann ber Sofyn gut fal^rcn? \6. lt?te fiefyt bas "Kittfd^en aus? \7. IPer tft mtt bent Sortie gegangen ? js. IDo fallen ber IPtrt unb feine ^rau? \q. *lVie nennt man bte ^rau etnes IPtrtcs? 20. IDie l^te^ tl^r (Saftfyof ? (Lines 22-43) 2\. Was fiir etne v frau n>ar bte IPtrttn? 22. IParutn rcrfdpcnFte fie bte abgetragene einn?anb ungerne ? 1 Questions not directly bearing on the text are preceded by an asterisk *. References to appendices or notes that will aid in answer- ing the questions are inclosed iu parentheses after the question. 265 266 APPENDIX G 23. (Eat fie es beute uiv-jente? IDarum ntctyt? 2^. U?ie ent= fd?ulbtgte fie fid?, bag fie ben Scfylafrocf ibres Cannes rcrfd?cnFt fyatte? 25. JPar bcr tt?irt bofe bariiber? 26. IDar er frob, ba ber Sd?lafrocf fort roar? 27. 2lus roas fiir Staff roar ber Sd?lafroc!? 28. lt)ie foil bcr ITTann ficb jetjt Fletben? 29. IPie fet]en bie suriicffehrenben Biirger aus? 30. IPoran hat ocr U)irt genug? (Lines 44-58) sj. IParum gefallt i)em IPirt bas IPetter fo fel^r? 32. lt>ie ift ber f^tmmel? bas IPcttcr? 33. IDarum fd^neiben fie bas Korn nid?t tjeute, roenn cs fd?on iiberretf ift? 3$. Ifo ftanb bcr (Safthof 3um golbenen oicn ? 35. Ifer roohnte an ber anberen Sette bes IHarftes ? 56. IDas tnar fein S3eruf? 37. IPas mar fetne Stelle unter ben Betoofynern ber Stabt? 38. Kam er audj 511 ^UR nad? fjaufe? 39. 2Per roar mititjm? ^o. IPar biefes Stabtd?eu nur ein lanblidjcs? (Lines 59-83) $\. *JX>o^ncn 5ie in etner fletnen ober einer groen Stabt? 42. *3ft fie eine Ianblid?e Stabt, ober tjat fie niele ^abrifcn? ^3. *lfas toirb in ben ^abrifen gemaAt? ^4. H?er Fain enblid? iiber ben UTarFt? tPer tear mit ihtn? ^5. VOas follten fie er5a'hlen? ^6. IPorauf fe^ten fid? bte ^reunbe? 47. Was taten fie, als fie fid? hinfe^ten? ^8. IV as tabelte ber 2lpotr;eFcr bcfonbers an ben ITtcnfd^en ? ^9. (Eabelte ber pfarrer aud? bie ZTeugier bcr eute? IDarum nid?t? 50. Was fiir ein JTtann roar ber pfarrer? IPie alt? JX?as Fannte er? (Lines 84-132) 5;. XPas fudpt ber 3" n 9'i"9 bcfonbers tin eben ? Der ITtann ? Der (5reis ? 52. lUas ift ber (Sefahrte ber 3 u 9 cn ? ^ es ITtannes? 53. IDas tut ber eid?tfimt fiir bte ITlcnfdpcn ? Per Perftanb ? 5^. IDarum roar bte Bausfrau ungebulbig? 55. IDie ftihjte fid? ber 2tpotbeFcr nad) allem, roas er gefefyen l^atte ? 56. Sefd?reiben Sic ben U 9 ^ cr Ifanbrer, als fie burd? bas CEal jogen. 57. IDie roaren bte Sadden auf ben IPagen unb Karren gelaben? 58. *tt)as ift ber Unterfdjieb 3rotfd?en einem IDagctt unb cittern Karren? (See note to Canto I, line 117.) 59. IDas tut ber IHenfd? gerob'fynltd? in ber (Sefatjr? 60. IDas fiityrten bie IDanbrer mit? IParum? APPENDIX G 267 (Lines 133-170) b\. Was tft mit cittern IPagen gefcbeben? IDarum? ollte er bie traurigcn Bilber nicbt erneu= ern ? 66. IDobitt fiibrte cr feine (Sa'fte ? tParum ? 67. Was bracfyte bie ^ausfrau? 68. IParum tpolltcrt ftc ntd?t brau^en trinfen? 69. Befcfyretbcn Sic bic ^lafdpe, bas Hunb, bie (Slafcr, uttb ben difcl?. "0. *3ft bas allcs eci?t bcutfci? ? (Lines 171-205) ~\. IPtc mar cs bent IPirt 311 ITTute? bcm Pfarrer? bcm 2lpotb,efer? 12. IDte tft cs bem 5tabtd?cn fcit bem Branbe gcgangen? 73. IParum fyofft ber Iftrt, bag bem Stabtcfyen fctn nciies Uttgliirf benorftebe? 7^. IPas tut ber (Slaubc im (Sliicfe? 3m Hugliirf ? 75. HMctyen Strom lobt bcrlPirt? 76. tParum ift cr tbm b'efonbers licb ? 77. IDelctye groge ^offnung tyqt ber IPtrt? 78. tDarum tjofft er auf ^rieben ? 79. IPie ipirb bas ^eft bes ,f ricbens gefeiert tocrben ? 80. IPas bofft ber IXHrt, bag feitt i^crmann an bicfcm dagc tun roerbe? IDarunt? (Lines 206-213) 8\. IPartim tft er mtt bem Sotme un3ufrte= ben? 82. IPas fiir ctn (Semiit bat ber Sobn? 83. IPeffen (Sefellfdjaft nermetbet cr? 8^. lt)as borte man brauen, als ber IDtrt fo fpracty? 85. (Ersablcn Sic mit tucnigen IDorten, tas Ste iDiffen iiber (a) ben Cb^trafter bes f^elben, (6) feinen Datcr, (c) feine HTutter, (d) fctne Daterftabt, (e) fcinc ZIad?barn, (/) bas Dermogen fetncr Itcrn, (g) bie fjoffnungen fcincr ltcrn fiir feine guFunft, unb (h) ben uftanb bes anbes. Canto II. groeitcr (Sefang. (Lines 1-26) \. Was fiir eine (Scftalt batte ber Sotm? 2. Wit fab tbn ber prcbiger an? 3. Wie fommt ber Sobn 3urii. IDas gab er itjr 3uerft? llnb bann? ^6. JDte erliteltcn bas inabd^en unb btc franfe ^rau btefe (Sabcn? \7. IDo^tn tpollten fie nocb biefen Sag gclangen? IParum ? \s. Was u>trb Dorothea bort mtt bencSaben tun? ^9. It?as tatfte, alsfiefortfubr? 20. IParum Fam Bevmann bann nictyt gletd? nad? Baufe? (Lines 65-106) 2\. Was entfd?teb er fid? 311 tun ? 22. IDarum gab er bem lltabd^en aud? bte Spetfen ? 23. t>as fiir Spetfen retd^te er ifyr? 2^. IDas tat fie mtt allem ? 25. IParum freut fid? ber 2JpotbeFer je^t? 26. H?eld?e Porbereitungcn bat er fd?on 3ur ^Iud?t gemad?t? 27. IDte 3etgt er feinen igennu^? 28. IDarum tabelt fjermann feine Hebe ? 29. IPas mod?te fjcr= mann je^t lieber als jc tun? IDarum? 30. IDie gefallt biefe Hebe bem Dater? IDarum? (Lines 107-196) 3J. IDarum freut ftd? bie IHutter? 32. iinfd?t er fiir fjermann ? IDarum? 36. IDas bringt eine begiiterte Braut mtt? 37. IDer berettet biefe ITtitgift? IDie lange? 38. IDann ftnbet fid? eine ^rau be^aglid? tm f^aufe? 39. IDas fiir eine Braut trtll ber Dater feben? IDarum? w. IDen bat ber Dater fiir fjermann fd?on ausgelefen? IDarum? (Lines 197-258) ^\. }at fjermann fd?on bariiber gebad?t? 42. IDie lange Fennt cr bie !Ttabd?en? ^3. f>at er fie aud? be* fud?t? 4^. IDie fiiblt er fid? in itjrem llmgang? IDarum? ^5. Befd?reiben Ste feinen Iet5ten Befud?. ^6. IDie entfd?ulbigt bie ITtutter bas Benebmen ber ITTabd?en ? ~. Kami Bermann feinen Derbrug oergeffen? IDarum nid?t? 48. IDarum totrb APPENDIX G 269 ber Pater fo 5ornig ? 49. IDas tabelt cr befonbers an feinem Sotme? 50. IPie ift es mit ?ermann in ber Sd?ute gegangen? (Lines 259-273) 5\. IPie nafym cr bas Sd?elten feines Paters an? 52. Was fiir ein ITtabd?en roill ber Datcr als Sd?nneger- tod?ter nid?t leibcn ? IDarum md?t? 53. IPer follifym bie mele IMfye feines Sebens oerfiifjen? 54. Was mu bie Sd?uMegcr= tocfyter tun fonncn? 55. Was fiir icutc fallen fid? in feinetn fjaufe, befonbers am Sonntacj, nerfammcln ? 56. Was ift ?er= manns Zlntroort ba3u ? 57. lt)eld?c ^ortfd^ritte mad?t bie ?attb= lung in biefem (Scfange ? 58. Was fyaben n)ir n>eiter iiber ben C^araFter (a) fjermanns, (6) bcs Paters, unb (c) ber ITlutter gelernt? 59. IPas roiffen roir nod? iiber bas Stabtdpen? Canto III. Dritter (Sefang. (Lines 1-32) [. Was ift bcr lie^Itdtfte tPunfd? bes Paters? 2. IDas foil jebcr gutc fjausrotrt unb jeber gute Burger immer 3U tun ccrfud?en? 5. IPie foil ber lUenfd? ntcfyt aufmad?fen unb leben? ^. IPoran fict^t man gleid?, tceld^es Sinncs ein jaus= n?trt fei ? 5. IPonad? tuerben bie (Dbrigfeiten einer Stabt beur= tctlt? 6. IPann geroo^nt fid? bcr Burger lcid?t an fd?mu^igcs Saumfal ? 7. IParum a>unfd?t bcr ZPirt, bag fjermann reifen foil? 8. lPeld?e Stabtc foil er sum tuenigften fet^en? 9. *tDas roar (Soetbcs Pcrbaltnis 311 biefen Stabtcn? (See note to Canto III, lines 23-24.) jo. tPas ftnbct ber ^rembc in ^ermanns Stabtd?en 311 loben? (Lines 33-66) \\. IDelcfyes 2lmt b,at ber IPirt lange beftcibet? U?ie? \2. IPie bat er bas Stabtd?en rerbeffert? \3. lPeld?e ^urd?t l^at er iiber bie 3ugenb? IParum? Uber fcincn 7cr= mann? ^. IPie nimmt bie IlTuttcr bas an? 15. IPic glaubt fie, bag man Kinbcr er3icb.cn mu? IParum? \(>. tParum lagt fie ilircrt fjermann nid?t fd?elten? ^7. IPic fyemmt ber Pater immcr ben IHut bes Scenes? \8. IParum cerlicg bie ITtutter bann bie Stubc? 19. tPas fagte bcr IPirt bann iiber ^rauen unb Kinber? 20. Kann man fe^en, ba cr feinc ^rau unb fcin Kinb bod? fefyr licb bat ? 270 APPENDIX G (Lines 67-98) 2\. tPann totll ber Jlpotbefer aucty rcrbeffern? 22. IDas feb.lt ibjn aber ? 23. U>arum fctyeut er Die Koften be- fonbers jet3t? 2\. Was lobt cr befonbcrs am jaufe bcs retctyen Kaufmanns? 25. IParum fann ber Kaufmann bas alles Iciest tun ? 26. IDar bas Bans bes Kaufmanns immer bas fd?onfte ? 27. EDelcfye fja'ufer roarcn glctd? nad? bcm Branbe bte fd^onftcn ? 28. Ific mar cs im (Sarten bcs 2tpotl^cfcrs ? "3" ^cin Saale? 29. *3ft bas allcs jctjt bte ITtobc? so. *fjabcn Sic jc fo ctnen (Sartcn gefcl^cn? Befd?retbcn 5ie tljn. (Lines 99-110) 5\. *Wet l]at cine ncue lllobc am (nbe bes ad^tje^nten 3 a tl r ^ un ^ er t s na< ty uropa gebrad^t? (See note to Canto III, line 102.) 32. *lar btes cine fcfyone ITtobe? 33. *7abcn Ste fie gern? 34. H?ie tft atles nad? biefer UTobe? 2lus toas fiir E^olj? 35. IDarum liefi ber HpothcFer feinen (Engcl JTtid?acl oerbraunt? 36. lt>eld?e ^ortfd^rittc fyat bie I^anblung in biefem (Sefangc gemad?t? 37. IParum ift ber (Sefang non lt>ert? 38. IPas haben n?ir Heues iibcr bie as ift bie fd?onfte (Ernte in Deutfd?lanb am Hbeine? (See note to Canto IV, line 34.) ^6. !t>ie roirb ber dag gefeiert ? Dcr 2lbenb? \7. tParum fitctyte bie JTtutter ben 5ob,n nid?t oft ? {&. Was lag tjinter bent IPcinbcrg ? ^9. 23e= APPENDIX G 271 fdjrctben Sic bas ^e(6. 20. IPas bc3eidmete bie (Sren^e ber (Lines 55-94) 2\. 2Juf teld?e IPeife mar ber Birnbaum nii^= ltd?? 22. IPer fajj jet5t barunter? 23. IPie faft cr ba? IPofyin fafy er? 2^. IPie fam bie IHutter bjnan? 25. IPor= iibcr erftauntc fie? IParum? 26. ID arum teinte fjermann? 27. Was fiird?tete cr fiir bas Daterlanb ? 28. IPtc famen bic ^rau3ofen l^eratt? 29. n?arum murbc f^ermann entfdjulbtgt ? so. (Scfallt tbm bas je^t ? IParum md?t ? (Lines 95-154) 3^. Was arili cr je^t tun ? IParum ? 32. Was b,at er fid? bcfdploffcn? tDarum? 33. Was mitt cr bem Dater seigen ? 3^. (Slaubt bie ITlutter alles, was er fprid^t ? If arum nid?t? 35. Was ift ^ermanns roab^rc Beftimmung ? Was bege^rt cr ntd?t? 36. IPic reift ein 3ii n 9^ n 9 am bcfter: 3ur Cat? IDarum ? 37. IPar bte iebe 3iim Daterlanb bas eittjige, tuas ibn aus bes Paters f^aufc ricf ? 38. IParum fagte er es benn? 39. (Slaubt bte lllutter aud?, ba|5 atles umfonft fei? IParum ntd?t? ^o. tPie ift ber JTtann genjob^nlid? ? Die ^rau? (Lines 155-185) ^\. IPie 3cigte ^ermann feincn 5d?mer3? ^2. IPas fyat i^tt fo fe^r gcfranft? 43. IPas b,at ber Pater gefagt? (See Canto II, lines 246-258, 261-272, especially II, 254-255.) ^. }at f^ermann bas Sd^elten bes Paters oerbient? IParum ntd?t ? 45. IParum fyabeit bte tCnabert bctt Pater aus= gefpottet ? 46. IPas tat f^ermann bann ? 47. }at ber Pater bas genntftt urtb gcfd^a^t ? Die ITtutter ? 48. IPas mufjte i7er= maim oft bulbcn? ^9. IPte b^at bic HTutter it^m geb^olfeu? so. IParum madjt bas Spare tt nid^t allein bas (Sliicf ? (Lines 186-225) 5^. n?oriibcr freut fid? fjermann ? IParum? 52. IPas anil er abcr nod? babcn ? 53. IPer tDunfd?t es aud? ? 54. IParum finb fie benn md?t cintg ? 55. IPen b|at ^crrnann gctoal^It ? 56. IParum farm cr- fie ntd?t fyaben ? 57. IParum mu er fie in folder tle nad? fjaufe fii^ren? 58. IPie toirb es ib.m fein, roenn er fie nid?t l^aben Fann ? IParum ? 59. IParum null er nid?t met^r nad? I^aufe suriicf Feb^ren ? 60. IPas fyat ber Pater gefagt? 272 APPENDIX G (Lines 226-250) 61. tt?ic ift bte getDotjnlid^e Jlrt bes Paters? 62. IPer roeig ttm abcr 311 befanftigen ? IDie ? 63. ?at bie fltutter jet)t aud? Boffmmg ? 6^. ItHe erbeitert fie ben Sobn ? 65. JDas tun IHutter unb Sobtt bantt ? w>. Per Kritifer icfftng bat es a Is (Scfctj erFIart, baJ5 man in cittern eptfcben (Scfctcfyt Be-- fc^reibung mtt ^atiMung rert>tnJ>en miiH. Wo tft (5oetbe fctcfem (Sefc^e befonbers in btcfcm (Scfangc gefolgt? 67. *(rn?abnett Sie a'fynlicfyer Beifptele aus anberen Biid^ern. (See Appendix C, c, 1, page 226.) 2Jus fciefem (Se^tc^te. 68. geicjen Sie n?ie bie 23efcfyreibuttg in biefetn (Sefange mit bem taglic^en eben ber ^ausfrau eng perbunben ift. 69. H?eld?e ^ortfcbritte bat bie Banblung in biefem (Sefattge gemadit ? ro. Was babett tuir tpeiter iiber ben tbara!ter (a) ^ermanns, (b) bes Daters, unb (c) ber ITtutter gelernt ? Canto V. ^iinfter (Sefang. (Lines 1-38) \. Wet fafjen nod? 3ufammen? !t>ie? 2. lt>or= iiber fprad?ett fte? 3. IDonad? foil ber HTcnfd? immer ftreben? Cut er es ? 4. IPas mufj man aber mit betn Streben perbin= ben ? IParum ? 5. IPeld^en Stanb bes icbctts lobt ber Pfarrcr befonbers ? IDarutn ? 6. IPas tut ber rubige Burger ? lt>as bebarf er? ZParum? 7. IParutn ift ber Biirger cincs fleincn Stabtdjens befonbers gliidMid?? 8. W eldje Sorgc bat ber Sttibter? IParum? 9. Ifeldjer Stanb gefa'Ut fjermann ant beften, bes tanbmannes obcr bes Stabtcrs ? u>. IPie tnadit uns bie Hebe bes Pfarrers bereit fiir ben intritt ber JTlutter unb bes Sobnes? (Lines 39-78) \\. IPoran erinnert bie ITTutter ben Pater? \2. IDeld^er (Eag ift je^t gcfommen? \5. Wie bat Bermann feine Braut gefunben? \^. Was roirb er tun, tDCttn er bas er= Forene IHa'bd^en nid?t baben Fann? J5. Ifarum fpricbt ber Pfarrer, efye ber Pater antroorten Fann ? 16. 2ftimmt er mit bem Pater ober bent Sobne partci ? 17. IDas entfd^eibet oft bas (Sefdjid 5 bes ITlenfd^en? js. lt>arum foil man ntd?t lange be= APPENDIX G 273 bcnfcn? in. IDarum glaubt ber Pfarrer, baft J?ermann t?er= nunftig geirablt babe ? 20. IDarunt rat cr bent Dater, bctn Sob ; ne feittcn IDunfd? ju gcn>abren ? (Lines 79-107) 2\. IDeld?en Hat gibt ber 2Jpotbefer? 22. IDoju bietet er fcine guten ZHenfte ? IDarum ? 23. Was jDtll er tun? IDie? 24. IDie nimmt Bermann feinen Jlntrag an? 25. IDer foil aber mttgeben ? IDarum? 26. IDie r>ertei= bigt Hermann bas UTabd?en gegen ben Dater ? 27. JTUt toelc^en Illenfcben ncrgletctyt er fie? 28. Was macfyt ber Krteg nottg? 29. iDelcfycs ob gonnt er bem ITtabcben ? so. IPoran erinnert er ben Dater? (Lines 108-176) 3\. IDoriiber erftaunt ber Dater ? 32. IDen tabelt er, baJ5 fie mtt bem So^ne partei neb^men ? 33. IDarum gtbt er enblid? 3U ? 3^. IHit teld?er IDarnung fc^icft er fie fort? 35. IDie bort Hermann biefe IDorte? 36. lt?as rerfprtd?t er, ebe er toeggebt ? 37. IDob, in eilt er bann ? IDarum ? 38. Be= fcfyretben 5te (a) bas Sc^trren ber Pferbe, (6) bas ^ortfabren, unb (c) ben 23runnen unter ben iinbctt. 39. lt)eld?e eid?en gtbt er ben HTa'nncrn, bamit fie bas ]Ttabd?en erfennen roerben ? 40. *3n toelcbem anbe fletben fid? bie n7a'bd?en fo? (See note to Canto V, lines 169-170.) (Lines 177-222) i\. Was erbtttet fid? Hermann feb^r aus= briicflid?? IDarum? ^2. 2X>obin gingen bie ^reunbe? ^3. IDie fab es tm Porfe aus ? 44. IDas gcfdjalj, als ber Pfarrer unb ber 2tpotbeFer ^eranfamen ? 45. IDcr gebot Hu^e ? 4;6. IDarum tabelte er bie eute? 4". IDas follten etben bie IHenfcfyen lebren? ^8. IDas gefd?ab, als ber Zllte fd?n>teg? ^9. tDas tat ber Pfarrer? 50. IDte gebt es ben JTlenfdjen in gliicf Itd?en (lagen ? 3 n ungliicf Iid?en ? (Lines 223-244) 5\. IDie erfd^eint ber 2IIte bem Pfarrer? IDarum? 52. IDie antroortet ber Hid?ter? 53. IDie finb bie eiten jet5t ? 54.. IDas tat ber 2Jpotbefer, als ber Pfarrer tocher 311 fpred?en geneigt roar? 55. IDo toill er bin? IDarum? 56. IDo fud?te er ? 57. !DeId?e ^ortfd?ritte bat bie Ranblung in biefem (5efange gemad?t? 58. IDeId?e neuen ie banbelte ber Sieger? Per v fliicbtige? 23. Wic crbob fid? bie rad?enbc Wnt ber Dcutfd?en? IParum? 24. IDclAe U?affen braud?tcn fie? IDarum? 25. IDie rjanbeltcn fie? 26. Was fragt ber Pfarrcr bann ? 2:. Was tun bie Hot unb bie (Sefabr oft? 28. IDelcfye fd?oncn IPirfungen ber (Scfabr bat ber Hid? ter in biefen dagen gefetjen ? 29. IDcId?er fd?onen dat er= rodent er tor alien ? It)arum ? 30. JDelcbcr nciie gug im Cbarafter ber f^elbin roirb baburd? ge3etgt ? (Lines 118-158) 3^ Was boffte ber pfarrer bann ? 32. IDer trat aber bcrbet, ebe er fragen fonnte? 33. Was fagte er bem pfarrer? 3^. tt?er follte mit ibnen get^en? IDarum? 35. IDarum ift ber Hid?ter nid?t mitgegangen ? 36. Was tat Dorothea, als fie tjeranFamcn ? 37. Pcrgleicben Sie biefcs Bilb mit ber (5efd?id?te bes Kid?ters. 38. *U?arum toieberbolt ber Did?ter bie Befd?reibung bcs !Tla'bd?ens? (See Appendix E, e, page 249.) 39. IPie beurteilte ber Pfarrer bas IUabd?en? ^o. IDarum follte fjcrmann fid? freuen ? APPENDIX Q 275 (Lines 159-218) n\. IParum roar ber 2lpotbeFcr bod? nid?t fo fid?er baruber? 42. IDas toolltc cr nod? tun? JDarum? 43. IPcr Fam bte Strafe roieber fycrauf? 44. IPas fagte er iiber bas rRabd?en ? 45. H?as erfafyren nnr iibcr ifyr friibercs cben? 46. H?tc fyat ttjr Srdutigam feinen CEob gcfunbcn? 47. tt?as gab i)er Pfarrcr f>cm Htdjtcr, als fie fcfyteben ? IParum ? 48. IParum roetgcrtc fid? bcr Jltd^ter cs anjUttc^mctt ? 49. fjattc bcr Jlpot^cFcr aud? ctroas 3U gcbcn? IDas? 50. tParum 309 ibn ber pfarrcr jctjt binroeg? (Lines 219-294) 5^ Wo uitb roic fanbcn ftc ^ermann ? 52. x freute cr ftd> febr iiber bie gute ZTad?rtd?t? IDarum ntd?t? 53. Was fiirdjtcte er? 54. W\c baben bte eute in frii^ercn citcn gefrcit? 55. J#as bebcuten bie IDorte ,,einen Kerb be= fdieren" ? 56. IDolIte ber 2IpotbcFcr felbft als ^rciersmann gcben ? Ifarum ? 57. H?as bat fid? fjermann abcr cntfd^Ioffen ? IParum? 58. Was follen bie ^freunbe bann tun? IDarum? 59. tt)ie roirb er nad? Baiife fommcn ? lt)arum ? 60. U?er follte btc pferbc nad? Baufc Icnfen ? (Lines 295-313) 61. IDarum saubertc ber Jlpotbefer ? 62. H?as oertraute er bem ^reunbe gcrne ? Ifarum nid?t eib unb Sein ? 63. Wo bat ber pfarrer cs gelernt, Pferbe unb IPagcn 3U lenfen ? 64. U?ie fi^t ber Had?bar aber im JDagen ? 65. IDarum rannten bie Pferbe fo nad? Baufe? 66. (Sing ^ermann aud? gleid? fort? tParum nid?t? 67. r3ablen Sie bie ^ortfd?ritte, bie bie fjanblung in biefem (Sefange gemad^t ^at. 68. Was rotffen roir ZTeues iiber bie (EtyaraFtere ? Canto VII. Siebenter (5efang. (Lines 1-36) \. W\e ift es cittern IDanbrer, toenn cr in bie Sonne fd?aut unb bann fdjnell ins (Sebiifd? ? 2. Dergleid?en Sie Bcrmann mit fo einem ITlenfdien. 5. IDarum fubr er aus fcinem (Iraum auf? 4. IPen fab er? 5. Wie fd?ritt fie babin? IPas b^ielt fie ? 6. lt>ie ging cr itjr entgegen ? IParum ? 7. ZDarum glaubt er, ba fie fo roeit gefommen ift, um IPaffer 3u 276 APPENDIX G bolen ? 8. IPte empftng fie fjermann ? JParum ? 9. lUarum ift fie gefommen? \o. Wie roar bas IPaffer im Dorfc? I0ar= um? (Lines 37-93) \\. IDobjn gelattgten beibc cnblidi ? 12. Ken= nen a>ir biefen (Drt fd?on ? is. Wo ftnbcn unr bie 23efd?reibung bapon? iefter ? 35. Was tut eine tiicfytige ^rau ? 36. IDohin finb bie beibcn enblid? gefommen? 37. Dcn fanbcn fie ba? 38. IDie emp= ftngen bie Kinber bas ITta'bcben ? 59. Was fagte Dorothea ben ^reunben enblii?? 40. Ifarum roollte fie gehcn ? (Lines 154-202) ^\. IPie lobt fie Bermann unb feinc e ^ort= fd?ritte bat bie Battblung in biefem <5efange gcmadit ? 5i. IDas tciffen n?ir tpeiter iiber ben (haraftcr (a) bcs Belben unb (b) bcr fjclbin? APPENDIX O 277 Canto VIII. 2Jd?tcr (Sefang. (Lines 1-36) {. IPic fab, ber ?immel aus, als bic beiben nad? ?aufe gingen ? 2. Was furd?tctc fjermann ? IParum ? 3. IPoriiber frcuten fid? beibe ? 4. IPas roollte Dorothea suerft tDtffcn ? IParurrt ? 5. IPie fommt bas Ejermann ror ? 6. 23e= fricbigt er bie IHutter ? IParum? ~. IParum befrtebigt er ben Pater md?t? 8. dabelt Bermann ben Pater getpofynltd? ? IParum nid?t? 9. IPantm tut er es jetjt? \o. IPas fiir eincn Ptener cerlangt bcr Pater ? (Lines 37-70) \\. IParum l^offt Porotrjea bctbc 3ufrteben 511 ftellen? \2. Pon roem r;at fie biefe Roflid^fctt gelernt ? \3. IPte begcgneten btc Kinbcr gcnjobnltd^ ben (Eltcrn? \^. IPas tuill Dorothea bann tpiffcn ? \r>. lPor;tn finb fie eben gelangt? ^6. IPic roar ber 2tbenb? \7. IParum freute fid? ^crmann? ^8. IPic foil Dorothea trjm begegnen? ^9. IPte fam I>orotr(een bicfer 2tbenb ror? IParum? 20. IPas Fonntc fie fer;en ? (Lines 71-98) 21. IPas fagte Bcrmann iiber feme IPotmuttg? liber bte (fclbcr? 22. IParum mutton fie etlen? 23. Be= fd^reiben Sic ben (Sang burd? bas ^elb unb ben (Sartcn. 2$. IPas gefd?ar(, als fie bie plattcn rftnutttcr gtngen? 25. IPas bebcutet es, rocnn einem bcr $n$ htacf t nid^t ireit ron ber Sdirocllc ? 26. IPas r;a'tte fid? Dorothea gen>iinfd>t? 27. IParnrn roill fie ein tr>enig rteru)Ctlen ? Canto IX. Heunter (Sefang. (Lines 1-53) \. IPas erbittet ber Did?ter ron ben ITlufen? 2. *(Sefdjtcr!t es oft, ba^ ber Did?ter fid? an bie Ulufcn roenbet? Hentten Sie einige Stelle. (See note to Canto IX, lines 1-5.) 3. IPas tat bie OTuttcr inbcffcn ? IParum ? 4. IParum tabeltc fie bie ^rcunbc? 5. IPas fagte ber Pater bann? IPte? 6. !PeId?c (Srtnncrung lodHc bas bei bent 2Ipotr;eFer horror? 7. IPie hat ber Pater bcm Knaben jebes ^dsd?en ber llngcbulb 278 APPENDIX G ausgeriffen? 8. (8ibt ber pfarrer bern Pater rectyt? IParum nid?t? 9. IPie ftebt ber ob bem IPeifen? Dem ^rommen? 10. *!PeId?cn bebcutenben (Sebraud? rourbc von ben IPorten bes Pfarrers gcmad?t? (See note to Canto IX, lines 45-53.) (Lines 54-86) \\. IPte rourben bicfe traurigen Bilber ver- fd?eud?t ? \2. IPoriiber erftauntcn bic Itcrn unb bte v f reunbe ? J3. IPie ftellte Bermann bem Dater bas Ulabd^cn ror ? Dcr irmtter? w. ibie fiibrte er ben Pfarrer betfette? IParum? \5. IPte glaubte bas niabctyen ins fjaus 311 fommcn ? \<>. W\e tpollte fjcrmann fie fommen fcben ? IDarum ? jr. IPobiird? ttar bie Seele bes iTla'bd?ens fd?on getriibt? is. IPas battc ber Dater gefagt ? 19. (Sefiel i^m bas JTtabd^en ? IParum ? 20. n?ie roar es ^ermann, als er btc IDorte l^orte? (Lines 87-132) 2[. tt?te nabm bas ITfa'bdjcn btc IPorte an? 22. IDas fagte fie barauf ? IPte ? u tpem ? 23. IPas roar bas Derbaltnis bes IHabd?ens 311 ben reid?en Itern? ^iiblte fie bas? 2^. H?as tat i^ermann bann ? If arum ? 25. lt?arum roollte ber Pfarrer bie Perroirrung ntd?t gletd? lofen ? 26. IDas fagte er, um bas ITTabd^en 311 priifen ? 27. It)as finb bie Pflid^ten einer ITtagb? 28. Sd?ien Dorothea 311 allebcm gefd?id i t 311 fein? IDarum nid?t? 29. IPas fommt bod? mit einem Hla'bd^en ofters oor? 30. H>ie 3eigte bas IHabd^en, bag fie bie trejfenbe Hebe fiiblte ? (Lines 133-177) 3J. Was Fann ber cerftanbige, gliirflid?e ITtann ntd?t tun ? IParum ? 32. IDas roollte Dorothea jetjt tun ? IParum ? 53. H?as roollte fie aber 3uerft bcfennen ? 3^. H?arum fyat bes Paters Spott fie fo ticf getroffen ? 35. IPie lange ^at fie bie Jleigung gum 3 un 9li n 9 gebegt? 36. H>as Der= meb^rte btefe Heigung ? 37. IPas bat fie ^eimlid? gebad?t? 38. IPeld^e (Sefabr falj fie aber cnblid? ? 39. JDeldien (ntfd?luf5 fagte fie bann ? 40. IPas Fonnte fie jet}t nid?t longer im Baufc balten? IParum ntd?t? (Lines 178-205) ^\. Wotyn roollte fie geben ? 42. ZPas tat fie, als fie fo fprad? ? 43. IPer fyielt fie aber 3uriirf ? in. Was fagte fie ? ^5. IPie roar es aber bcm Pater ? 46. IPas Fonnte er gar nid?t leiben ? ^7. IPas roollte er tun ? 48. IPer bielt APPENDIX G 279 49. tfcr nabm bie Sd?ulb fiir allcs? 50. tt)en forbertc er 311 rcbcrt auf ? IDarum ? (Lines 206-247) 5\. IDarum l^atte ber Pfarrcr bas ITta'bd?en porter fo gerei3t? 52. Was nutate fjermamt felbft tun? 53. IPas fagte er jetjt? 5^. Wat Dorothea 3ufrieben als Braut im f^aufc 511 blcibcn ? 55. Wic oerfotmte fie fid? mtt bem Pater? 56. Was pcrfprad? fie ibm ? 57. EDofyer b^oltc ber Pfarrcr bie Hinge 311 ber Derlobung? 58. Was tat er bamit? 59. Der n>ar ber euge 311 ber Perlobung ? 60. *IX)erbcn eute aud? fo bci tins rcrlobt? (Lines 248-317) 6\. Was erblicfte ber pfarrer an ber f}anb bcs ITfabd^cns ? 62. ID arum fragte er bas JTta'bd^en banad?? 63. ^rsatjlen Sie btc (Scfd?id?te Don Dorotbeens erftem Brauttgam. 64. Wo fyatte ber pfarrer biefe (Sefd?td/te fdpon ge^ort? 65. 2X>ie nat^tn fjertnann btefc IDorte an ? 66. Do3u tpeirjt fid? fjermann am nbe bes (Sebid?ts? 67. lt?te otrb bas gait3e (Sebid?t ba^ burd? erbjO^t? 68. Was bat biefe grofje Deranberung in ^er= mann gemirft? 69. Kottnen u?ir alfo glauben, bafj er in ber gufunft ein rcranbertcr IHcnfd? fein roirb? 70. Was fonnten toir bann ben Kern bes (Sebid?ts nennen ? (See note to Canto V, line 76.) General Questions on the Meter. 2nigemcine ^ragen iiber bas Dersmafj. I Was fiir cin (5ebid?t ift biefes ? (See Appendix E, of, pages 246-247.) 2. 3n teld?em Dcrsmag ift es gefd?rieben ? (See Ap- pendix E, /, (2), page 256.) 3. IPclctye anberen grocn (5ebid?te ftnb im felben Dersma gefd?rieben ? (See Appendix B, d, page 215, also E, /, (2), page 256.) IPcId?e finb antif ? rt>cld?e mobern? 4. IPas ift ber Hnterfd?ieb 3a>ifd?en bem antifen unb bem mobernen ^eramcter ? (See Appendix E, /, (1), page 253.) 5. IDeldpen an= tifen Pid?tcrn folgte (Seethe als ^iib^rer? (See Appendix C, c, page 225 and Appendix E, /, (2), page 252.) lPcld?en mobernen? 6. rDeld?e Kenner bes Dersmaftes b^alfen itmt bet ber Henifion ? (See Appendix E, c, page 245.) 7. 21us nnemelen ^iigen be= ftel^t ein Ejejameter Dcrs? (See Appendix E, /, (2), page 256.) 280 APPENDIX G 8. tt)eld?e ^iifje gebraud?t ber Z)id?ter tin Berameter? (See Ap- pendix E, /, (2), page 256.) 9. Was ift ein Sponocus? cibltd?e? [2. IDiem'ele da'furcn Fattn man in cittern Derfc haben? \s. IDo fallt bic dafur gcroohn^ lid?? ^. IPo fann fie nod? fallen? lo. lt)as mug bcr Did?ter, bes Dersmages tcegen, nut ben IPortern oftcrs tun ? (See Ap- pendix E, e, pages 248-251.) JG. JDann ftnben n?tr bie crftcn fjerameter in ber beutfd?en Did?tung? (See Appendix E, /, (1), page 252.) \~. Was finb bie Derbienfte rott pit, utn ben beutfd?cn i7erameter ? (See Appendix E, /, (1), page 253.) Don (5ottfd?eb ? Don Klopftocf ? Don Do ? Don (Socttye ? is. IDer roar ,,ber Dater" bes mobernen beutfdien Berameters ? 19. 3 n tocldjem grofjen (Sebidjte r;at Klopftocf .^tterft ben fieramctcr pcrtDenbct? 20. H?ie fteht Hermann und Dorothea uttter ben grogctt cpifd^en (Sebic^ten ber IDelt ? (See Appendix B, 6, and c, pages 212-215.) General Questions on the Text. 2IlIgemeine ^ragen iiber ben eld?em 3 a ^ re erfd^ten Hermann und Dorothea ? (See Appendix E, 6, page 243.) 3n rocldjcr ^orm ? ^. JX>ic l|at (Socthc bas (5cbid?t immcr bc= trad?tet? (See Appendix B, a, page 211.) jo. JPie baben bic gcitgcnoffen es aufgenommen? (See Appendix B, 6, page 211.) Die cutc ber gegentotirtigcn cit ? (See Appendix B, c, page 214.) APPENDIX H. Exercises. iifmngen. INTRODUCTION. The exercises are based upon the text and are designed to review the principal grammatical features of the text and to give systematic drill on syntax. Each exercise covers about one hundred lines of the text, as indicated by the figures at the beginning. All material used in the exercise is taken from the corresponding section of the text, where all words needed for the translations from English to Ger- man will be found. No grammar rules are stated, since students have already learned these rules and have grammars for reference. At the beginning of each exercise, however, there are two special features of syntax, which are to be drilled in that section. These are printed in dif- ferent type to make them stand out clearly, and examples of them in the first section of each exercise are printed in the same type. The exercises are not meant to be exhaustive. Each exercise also contains material for a systematic study of word structure. It is a good plan for students to keep a notebook for this work and to carry out the study systematically. Helpful suggestions will be found in Thomas's Practical German Grammar (New York, 1905) and Hastings' Studies in German Words (Boston, 1911). 282 APPENDIX H 283 Grammatical terms not included in the general vocabulary are explained below : ber 2(bfnut, -s, -e, change of stem vowel. bas 9lbjefti, -s, -e, adjective. bas s 3lbDerb, -s, -ten, adverb. ber 9tffufati, -s, -e, accusative case. bas 9lftttt, -s, -a, active voice. ber 9lrttfel, -s, , article. ber Sebtugmtggfflij, -es, "e, conditional sentence. beiorbttcnb, coordinating. bas SBetttJort, -s, "er, adjec- tive. befttmmt, definite. befifctwseigenb, possessive. bejett^neu, indicate, designate. bepgttrf), relative. bas SBtttbettJort, -s, "er, con- junction. ber Satin, -s, -c, dative case. beftttttereit, decline. biteft, direct. bte (vnbmtfl, , -en, ending. crgonsctt, complete, fill in. bas @3=$er& f -s, -en, imper- sonal verb. bic Jyrnflc, , -n, question. bas Jyitnuort, -s, "er, pronoun. bcr 6Jentctnfrf)aftbefel)I, -s, -e, polite command. fcer C*)Citittu, -s, -e, genitive case. e, normal, regular. Ijaitftg, frequently. bte ^auptform, , -en, prin- cipal part of a verb. ber $aitptf(Hj, -es, "e, main clause. bas ^aitptttJort, -s. "er, noun. bas ^>Uf3uerb f -s, -en, auxiliary verb. bas .fuff^etttoort, -s, "er, aux- iliary verb. ber $mperatil>, -s, -e, imper- ative mood; ^mpcvntiu Son= juittttu, hortatory subjunctive. bte Sntperatiwform, _ ; _ cn/ form of the imperative. ber 3>ttbtfattt>, -s, -e, indicative mood. ittbtreft, indirect. ber ^ttfi'utitt, - s/ _e, infinitive. bte ^omparattoit, , -en, com- parison. foitjugteren, conjugate. bte $0ttjuttftton f , -en, con- junction. ber Sottjunftitt, -s, -e, subjunc- tive mood. foorbitttcrenb, coordinating. bic SKeljrjab,!, , plural. moba(, modal. bie 9?a^ftlbc, , -n, suffix. ber 9iebcnfatj f -es, "e, depend- ent clause. nebeitfotjftd), dependent. ber 9Jomtnatiti, -s, -e, nomina- tive case. 284 APPENDIX H bas Dbjeft, -s, -e, object. bcr Cptntiii, -s, -c, optative sub- junctive. bas ^JafftD, -s, -a, passive voice. poffcfftD, possessive. Me IjJrapflfUum, , -en, prepo- sition. bas ^rouomett, -s, -iua, pro- noun. Me SRebe, , -n, discourse. reflcjitt, reflexive. rclotitt, relative. fodjHd), neuter. ber 0^, -cs, *e, sentence, clause. ftetgertt, compare (adjectives, adverbs). Me Stetgeruttfl, , -en, com- parison. fuborbtmerenb, subordinating. bas ubftantiw, -s, -e, noun. ber ubftitut, -en, -en, substi- tute. Me StynopflS, , -pfen, synopsis. &as iljciita, -s, -s or -en, theme subject. tronfttit), transitive. trcnnbnr, separable. iibcrfc^en, translate. ber Umlaut, -s, -e, umlaut, *. i>as Umftnub^niort, -s, "er, ad- verb. itngerabe, inverted. uutcrorimcnb, subordinating. uutrcnitbar, inseparable. bas SBcrb, -s, -en, verb. bcr Scrbftamm, -s, "e, verb stem or root. ocrroanbcdi, change. bte Sorftlbe, , -n, prefix. bas Sortoort, -s, "er, preposi- tion. Me 2Biei>erb,olung, , -en, re- view, repetition. Me 3Bortbilbmtg, , -en, word formation or structure. Me SBortfofge, , -n, word order. 5. SB., 3iim Beifpiel, for ex- ample. Me Bdle, , -n, line. Me ^dtfortn, , -en, tense. bas 3dtwort r -s, *er, verb. bcr SeUttJortftamm, -s, "e, verb stem or root. Exercise 1. Canto I, Lines 1-101. 6Jcrttbe unb ungerabe SBortfoIge. Per 11 o m i n a 1 1 v. 1. (Seben Ste bte @tjnopft t>on: (a) 933ir brtngen bte Herein. (6) Sebr gut nimmt bo ftfitfiftdjen fid? au. (c) (Ereflf= lid? b,aft bu ger;anbelt, o ^rau. (d) Der eid?tftnn ift ctn froh^er eg. (d) Die ^reunbe - - auf bie fyo^ernen BanFe. (e) bid? auf bie Ban?. 3. SBortbtttmng : Purd? bie Itadrfilben -ig, -Hffy, unb -tfrf) btlbet man Bctmortcr (ilbjeftipe) unb UmftanbstDorter (2tb= rerbtcn) aus ^auptujortern (Subftantioen), eitu?or= tern (Derbcn), unb 23ein>6rtcrn (2Ibjef ttoen), jum Beifpiel: bic Xraucr trottrig; ba^ GJIiief gliirffidj; bn Dftin= iiicn oftiubifrfj. (a) SBilbeit Sic foldje mit -ig aus: bie ITeugier, bie <) Man, you must forgive me. (c) Dusty are the shoes and hot the faces, (d) Plentiful is the harvest and overripe the grain, (e) In an open carriage the merchant was returning with his daughters. Exercise 2. Canto I, Lines 102-213. 9JebenfaljHrf|e 9Bortfo(ge. Pas birefte bjeft. 1. (Sebcn Sie bie @l)uopfi3 r>on : (a) Sd?on con feme fatjen tmr ben Staub, cbc ttiir bie tt?tefcn abroarts lomcn. (6) Pie (5cfabr nimmt bcm ITtenfdjen alle Beftnnung, fo ba cr bas deure priirflo^t. (c) ITT id? fd^mer^t ber ^nblid 5 bes 3ammcrs. 00 rPcnn bic ITTutter uns cin (5Ia'sd?en bringt, oertreibcn tmr 286 APPENDIX H bie (Srtllen. (e) So umgaben bie brei ben gldnjcnb gebofynten, runben, brauncn (Etfcfy. 2. i'erbinfcen Sic bic folgenben Satje burd? untcrorbncnbc SBinberoiirter (fuborbinierenbe KonjunFtioncn) : (a) IDir Fonncn uns nid?t frcucn. IDir fyibcn fo graces (Icnb gcfeben. (ft) tn <5efd?rei bcr IPeiber unb Kinbcr cntftanb. Das ,fubr= tperF ftiirjte in ben (Srabcn. (c) 3d? eilte bin3u. 3d? fcntb bie KranFen unb Jlltcn auf bem 23oben. (d) Rter ift es nid?t freunblid? 3u trtnfen. Die ^licgcn umfummcn bie (5Iafcr. (e) Die lllutter bringt uns Hbeintr>ein. IPtr rertreiben bie (SrtUen. 3. SBortfcUlwng : 2Ius e i t to o r t ft a m m e n (D e r b ft a m m e n) bilbet man tocibltctye ^auptroorter (Subftantioe) burcb bie ttactyfilbe -ung f 3. B., ^offen bie ^offnung. Stlbcn Sic folcfye aus : rerfe^en, crfa^rcn, cr^ablcn, rettcn, erroarten, 3crfd?mettern, crquicfen, Fleibcn, crncuern, pcrtrciben, fitjcn, umgebcn, forbern, betpab,ren, erfreuen, befdjii^en, bereitcn, 3erftoren. 4. X^emen : (a) Der ug ber Dertriebencn. (6) Die 3uriicf= Fe^renben Stabter. (c) Der ITtarFtplatj unb feine llmgcbung. (d) Die trier ^reunbe : (0 ber IDirt, (2) bie JDirtin, (3) ber Pfarrer, (4) ber JlpotfyeFer. 5. iiberfe^cn Sie : (a) He overloads the horses, because he dis- likes so much to leave his possessions. (b~) When we step into the cooler room, mother will bring us a small glass of wine, (c) When the mother had brought the wine, the glasses clinked merrily. (d) Because God has so graciously spared us, he will also do so in the future, (e) Since the Lord protects us, ought we to despair ? Exercise 3. Canto II, Lines 1-96. Xrcmtbttrc ^citwortcr. Das inbireFte (DbjcFt. 1. (Scben Sie bie ijnopftS Don : (a) Z7un trot ber tob.I= gebilbete Sofyn tjerein. (6) So gab mir bie JTtutter cin Biinbel. (c) 3d? reid?te tfyr alles unb jebes. (d) H?ir Ijaben bie beften 287 Sacfyen jufammcnaepacEt. (e) in n>dd?em unfre (Scmcine fid? aufljott. 2. Grganseit Sic mtt ,,liegctt" ober ,,Iegen" unb gcben Sic bie (Styttflpfte : (a) Sie allcs 311 ber Krdnflictyen ^iiett. (ft) Das ncugeborcnc Kinb ifyr im 2Jnne. (c) IPtr fyaben bas Biinbcl in ben iDagen . (d) Das alles n?irb nid?t langc bort . (e) ITTetnc IHuttcr l]at nid?t ctntanb allctn auf ben IDagcn . 3. 393ortbittwnfl : Zlus eitn>ortfta'mmen (Dcrbftdmmcn) btlbet man i^aupttDorter (Subftanttce), bie nia'nnlidjc per= fonen beseidjncn, burd? bie Had?filbe -cr, 3-23., forf(f|cn tier gforfdjcr (cin IHenfd?, ber forfeit). Stlbcit Sic fold^e aus: fpred^en, fe^en, Ijanbeln ("), er^a'^Ien, framcn ("), ial)Ien, l^orcn, tretben, geben, retten, helfen, benfen, finben, ntfcn, Ictten, oerfaufen ("). 4. iifcerfe^eit Sie : (a) We come out onto the street, when the citizens are streaming back, (ft) He was driving along the new road, when a girl attracted his attention, (c) Hermann gives the girl a bundle, (d) I shall stop in the village to-night, (e) She has handed me the bread and the heavy hams. Exercise 4. Canto II, Lines 97-186. U tare tntlmrc 3citwirter. Per be(i^an3eigcnbc (poffef= ft oe) Da tto. 1. (Seben Sic bie iinfd?cn (u), ftnben (u), tjalten ; unb n>etblirf)e aus : fagen, baben, liegen (a), feb.en (id?), eilen, tragen (ad?), tjelfcn (t), qualen (a), geben (a). 3. ilberfetjen Sic : (a) I decide upon this speech, (b) As the fire spread through the streets, it produced a draft, (c) My heart is oppressed (two ways), (d) I burned the soles of my (to me) shoes, (e) His house lay in ruins (two ways). Exercise 5. Canto II, Lines 187-273. $)ie moDolcit ^Hf^eitniortcr (^tlfsmerben). Per Dattu mtt Dortportern (pra pof tttonen). 1. (Sebcn Sic bie 3i)nopfic> pott : (a) 3^? ging aus alter Bcfanntfdjaft biniibcr. (ft) Du folttcft mtt ben Kinbcrn nid7t 3iinten. (c) 3d? fonnte mid? nic in ibrent llmgang er= freucn. (d) r mag ibre iicbd^cn nid?t pcrnebmen. (e) (s follctt bie bcftcn eute fid? mit Pcrgniigcn pcrfammeln. 2. Grgdnjcn Sic mit ,,wiffen" obcr ,,fennen" unb gebcn Sic bic (a) 3^? - pamina unb (Eanttno ttid?t. (>>) r nid^t, mas er tun foil, (c) Dcr Datcr - ben Kaufmann unb ibn 3u beroirten. (rf) fjermann -- bie iTEabd?en fdion lange. (e) - Sic, toarum fjermann bcfd?amt nad? liaufe ging? 3. 95?ortbtJbuug : Durd? bie Z1ad?filbe -ft^oft bilbet man n>etb= Itd?e Bauptroorter (Subftanttoc), aus Bauptroortcrn (Subftantipcn), eittortern (Per ben), unb 23ei= mortem (2lbjef tipen), 3. B., bcr 9?arf)bnr bie 9Zad)barfc^oft. ^ilbcn Sic fold?e aus : ber JTtann, tptffcn, gemcin, ber ^rcuttb, bas Kinb, bcr Kncd?t, bcr Biirgcr, ber lt?irt, bcr >err. 4. Xljemett : (a) Die (Sabcn Hermanns, (b) Das JTtabd?en am IDcge. (c) Dcr Branb cor 3tPatt3tg 3 a ^ ren - ( ( Bcrmann befud^bie dod?ter bes Kaufmanns. 5. llberfe^en Sic : (a) Hermann can please his father very much with a daughter-in-law. (6) He cannot have the oldest, he must choose the second or the third, (c) She is not permitted to APPENDIX H 289 play the piano, although she wants to. (d) I shall go to her for old acquaintance' sake, (e) We hurry home with our friends. Exercise 6. Canto III, Lines 1-110. feesiiflltcfje giirwort (ba3 rdnttue ^ronomen). Der Da tip mit ettn>ortern (Der ben) unb Bettoortern (2Ibje?ttr>en). 1. (Scbcn Sic bte 3J)itopfi3 r>on : (a) Der befd?etbenc Sotin ent= n>td? berfyeftta.enHebe. (1) Der Sohn tft bem Pater ntd?t cjletd?. (c) 233er bte Stabte fiebt, rufyt ttid?t. (d) IDer tut es bent Kauf mann nad?, bcr bte IDege Fennt, auf tticlt^enbas Sefte 311 baben ift. (e) Sic rcrlie bie Stube unb etlte bem So^ne nad?. 2. SBortbilbung : Durd? bte Porftlben cr- unb cr- bilbet man ^ettujortcr (Perben) aus Betroortern (Jlbjef ttoen), 3. B., neu crncucit ; bejfcr tterfieffcrn. (a) ^ilbcit Sic fold?e mit cr- aus: Ietd?r, better, rot ("), Ijod? (ob), griin, iibrig ; mit tier- aus : beutltd?, gletdj, fleitt, gro ("), roert, arm, giitta,, teuer, golben, l^errlid?, etnfad?, Tttd?t, iibel, anbcr ("), alt. (7>) ^tlticit Sic i^auptiporter (Subftanttce) auf -ung aus btefen ettu)ortcrn (Derbcn). 3. XJjcmen: (a) Der IPirt als Bautierr. (6) Das f^aus bes Kaufmanns. (c) Das }aus unb ber (5arten bes 2Jpotbefers. 4. ilberfeftcn Sic : (a) The daughter is like her mother, the son like his father. (6) The mushroom has grown out of the ground quickly. (c) Whoever enters the city, judges the officials. (d) The city of Mannheim, which is regularly built, is near Frank- fort, (e) An abundance of money, which I cannot use, does not help me. Exercise 7. Canto IV, Lines 1-83. Sein nlS 4?Uf33eittt>ort. ^ cr (Sen it to. 1. (Seben Ste bte 3)nopfi ron : (a) Der 3"n9^9 eblett <5e= fiibles ift in ben (Sarten gcgongcn. (6) 2Hfo roar fte ans eibltd?e 7aupta>6'rter (5 ub ft an tire) aus Betujortern (2lbjcf= tip en) (immcr mit Umlaut), unb aus eittportftammen (Derbfta'mmcn) (b'fters mit Ablaut), 3. B., fprerf|en bie Sprarfje ; fla^i bie ^lodje. Sifbcn Ste fold?e aus : fagcn, lang, tpcit, rubcn, rot, geben (a), bod? (o^), blau, grog, pflart3en, ebrcn, fremb, breit, pflcgen, neigen, nal{. 3. ilberfe^Ctt Sie: (a) A path of unhewn flat stones led through the vineyard. (/>) By day they pick grapes, by night the fireworks gleam, (c) She climbed the ridge of the broad hill, (d) At noon the herders of the cattle came to the shade of the old pear tree, (e) The young man who is sitting under the tree has (is of) noble sentiments. Exercise 8. Canto IV, Lines 83-164. Smperath). Die Stetgerung (bie Komparatton). 1. (Seben Ste alle ^mperatiwformett uno bie tjnopftS oon: (a) Ste brtttgen getcaltig cor. (6) tltemanb fd?ten mtr Fliiger 3u fetn. (c) @el)t, Ulutter, mtr ift tmttefften i7er3en befdfloffeu. (d) Parutn fogc mtr fret, (e) ^a^re nur fort, mtr allcs ju er3dblen. 2. Steigcrn Ste : gro, tpiirbtg, rferrltd?, gut, ebel, brat), roobl, trilb, nab, ntad^ttg, bod), befttg, laut, fhtg, bunfel, rtel. 3. (Seben Sie alle ^wperaftuformett unb bie @emehtfcf)aft3= befe^le (3. B., Sctje bid? ! Se^t eud? ! Setjett Ste fid? ! 5et3Ctt rotr uns ! a uns uns fetjen ! a^t uns uns fe^en ! affcn Sie uns uns fetjen !) ron : (a) Sd?eue ben Cob ntcbt ! (6) (nt= fd?ulbtge bid? 1 (c) (5ebt ben ^reunben ntd?t nad? ! (d) (Scftebe es 1 (e) Denfe auf mittel 1 (/) liberlaffe bid? bem Sd?mer3e 1 (p) l^clfen, (h~) fpred?en. APPENDIX H 291 4. SSortbtlbuitg : Durd? bie ZTadjfilbe -tyaft bilbet man 23ei= roorter (2lbjeftir>e) aits fjattpttDortern (Sttbftantu pen), geittDortftammen (Derbftamnten), unb 23ei= n> or tern (2Ibjef tip en), 3. 23., tier (Srttft ernftljaft. SBUbett Ste fold?e aits : leben, ber IHann, bas Ejer3, tabeln, roafyr, haben, ber Scfymcrj, fc^abett. 5. ilbcrfe^en Sic (mtt brct 3 m peratipformcn) : (a) Call the youths from all sections together, (ft) Pick out the best fighters from the citizens, (c) Die courageously for your fatherland. (d) Do not step upon that noble ground, (e) Do not return home to-day. Exercise 9. Canto IV, Lines 165-250. . Der (Senttto mtt gcttmortcrn (Derben) iinb Portfortern (Pra'poftttonen). 1. (Scben Ste bie ijno^ftS txm : (a) ( fomntt bcr Jlbcnb t^eran. (6) IDtr bebitrfcn bcr ^rettnbc. (c) ber ftatt anbrer mid? gar oft ntit IPortcn tjerurmtatjm. (d) (s ntad?t nid/t bas (Sliicf ber fjattfc beim f^aufen. (e) 3<^ entbet^re ber (Sattin. 2. SSortbilbitng : Dttrd? bie Had?filbe -bar bilbet man 3ei= toorter (2Ibjeftit)e) aits geitroortftammen (Perb= ft a mm en) unb 17 attpt mortem (Sitbftanti pen), 3. 23., Me ^rucfjt frudjtbar. Sitbcn Sic fold?c atts : tragen, erregen, ber Strcit, efyrett, ge= ntegcn, fagcn, benfen, bie ^urd?t, fiibren, troften, lofett, ber Jflann, fpred?cn, I^oren, fit^Ien. 3. Xljemen : (a) Per (Sarten unb ber IPeinberg bes IPirtes. (6) Pie H?einlefe. (c) Hermanns (Semiit. 4. itberfeljen Sic (mit unb ol^ne e) : (a) Father comes from church with measured step, (ft) The boys are laughing about the cap instead of the dressing gown, (c) A person does without daily pleasure in order to save, (d) The lovely row of fields extends over the hills, (e) A person needs the friends who gather around him. 292 APPENDIX H Exercise 10. Canto V, Lines 1-78. Sttbtrefte JRebe. Dorroorter (prd'pofitionen) mtt bem Pa HP unb bem 2JFFufatip. 1. (Seben Sic bie Sijnopp int ^nbifathi unb tm Soitjunftto pon alien Derben : (a) Sagten roir bamals nid?t tmmcr : cr follc fclbcr fid? rodblen? (6) Heben bie fen (Scfiiblcu gab uus bte Hatur bie uft 311 perbarren tm 2JItcn. (c) Sic ftclite tbn por ben (Sat ten. (d) 2Iuf iljm Hegt nid^t ber Prucf. (e) r blctbt tm lebtgen Stanbe. 2. c^en Ste in inbtrcftc 9Jcbc nad? ,,er fagte," unb ,,er fagte, bag" : eilen 6-38 ; <*H*7 ; 50-53 ; 5*-55 ; 57-78. 3. Grgonjcn Ste bie rtcfyttgen (Enbungen unb geben Ste bie t)ttu^ft pen : (a) Per ITlann fabrt auf - - ITteer unb all- Strajjen ber rbe. (6) Pie mutter trat in Dimmer, (c) 3 bies- Stunbc r;at er geroablt. (rf) Unter rbe licgen bie Samen. (e) Per Sobn trat ror - Dater. 4. SBortbilbuttg : 2Ius man nl id? en Bauptroortern (Sub= ftanticen) bilbet man roeiblicfye Bauptroortcr (5ubftan= tioe) burd? bie Had?filbe -in (IHebrjabl -tnncn), 3. 23., ber Qjntte bie OUattin. Gilbert Sic fold^e (mtt bcr 2Ttebr3abl) aus : ber Bcrr, ber H?irt, ber pfar'rer, ber rbe, ber Burger, ber Stabter. 5. iificrfc^cn Sic : (a) The three are talking together in the room, (ft) The tree will stretch its branches out under the sky. (c) In the small city the citizens will combine rural pursuits with city occupation, (d) In the city the poor do not like to stand behind the rich, (e) In this hour he has chosen as a man. Exercise 11. Canto V. Lines 79-160. ^Soffto. Per Konjuntir in Hebenfdtjen. 1. Setjen Sie (6) unb (c) ins Baffin unb geben Sie bie pon : (a) Pie (Semeinbe wirb pon bem 2Ipotbefcr APPENDIX H 293 befragt. (ft) Per Sofyn fd?irrt bte pferbc gleid? an. (c) 3d? febe bas lHabd?ett nid?t nneber. (d) Befonbers bebarf bte 3ugenb, bag man fie leite. (e) 3d? nmnfd?e, baft ber f}err pfarrer fid? and? in urer (Sefellfd?aft befinbe. 2. Grgfinjett Sie mit ,,fein" ober ,,ttjerben" : (a) Der Brunnen - pott fyofyen inben umfd?attet. (ft) 3d? - Don fcincm fo leid?t betrogen. (c) Der 3iingltng - ron btefem mabd?en nid?t beftridH. (d) lOegen bes Krteges - bte IPelt 3erftort. (e) pie ITtauern bcr Stabt - 3uriitfgelaffen. 3. SSortfiilbung : Purd? bie Had?ftlben -^eit unb -fctt (-tflfett) bilbet man roeiblid?e ^aupttporter (Subftantit?e) aus Beitoortern (Zlbjeftioen), 3. B., Hug bie AUugljcit ; ewig bie (Jwigfeit. SBitben Sie fold?e mit -^ett aus : befannt, rafd?, trorfen, breit, abgcmeffen, erbaben ; mtt -feit aus : bebad?tig, trefflid?, b,errlid?, 3urerlaffig, biirftig, b c f^9^ gliirflid?, Dcrftdnbtg, teislid?, tDid?tig, muttgs, eilig, milltg, fauber, geraumig, reinlid?, lebenbig, niebrig ; mit -tflfett aus : Ieid?t, feft, fd?netl. 4. UtierfefeCtt Sie : (a) The clean oats are being eaten by the fine horses in the stable. (6) The horses were led out into the yard by the ready servant, (c) Hermann wishes that the carriage be pushed up. (d) He fears that he may come too late, (e) The roomy seats have been taken by the friends. Exercise 12. Canto V, Lines 160-244. otje ointe menu. Per 2tffufatio. 1. (Seben Sie bie tjnopp ber ^dttob'rter (Derben) tm fatit) uub tm on)unftiD : (a) |>atte idj allein 3u tun, fo giitge id? beb.cnb 3u bem Porf b.in. (6) $abt ^v rtad?rid?t gettug, fe^rt 3U mir bann suriirf. (c) 2Ilfo bad?te id? es mir aus ben IPeg tyer, ben totr gefabren. (d) IPas alles gefd?iebt, gebt ftill u)ie t>on felber ben (Sang fort, (e) PenFe id? ein roentg 3ururf, fo fd?eint mir ein graues 2llter auf bem Baupte 3U liegen. 294 APPENDIX H 2. 2B0rt6Ubuitfl : Purcb bie Porfilbe gc- btlbet man Baupt= sorter (Sub ft antic e) (gcaiolmlid? fad?Iid?) aus geittcort= ft a m m c n (D e r b ft a m m e it) unb fiaupticortcrn (Sub ft a n- tioen), ofters mtt ber J7ad?filbe -c, 3. 23., batten has (9ebattbe ; bte $ai)rt ber (yefa^rtc. BUbett Sic fold?e aus : bietcn (o), rjoren, bas f^aus ("), briiilcn, bas IPaffcr ("), bra'ngcn, fdjretcn, bulbcn, babent, bte Kebe, fprcd?cn (a), bcr Bufd? (ii), bte IDoIFe ("). 3. f)emen: (a) X>cr Stabter unb bcr ianbmann. (ft) 7cr= manns Bitte. (c.) Der ilpotbefcr als ^rctcrsmanu. (d) Pas Sdjtrren ber Pferbe. (e) Dcr Stnbenbrnnncn. (/) 3 m 5orfe. 4. Ubetfc^cn Sie : (a) If he sees the girl, he will recognize her above all the others, (b) If we had talked with the girl who came along the road, she would have learned our intention, (c) Sorrow teaches us this good lesson : that we should not quarrel with our brother, (d) If everything goes its usual pace, we live along hap- pily, (e) The judge who caine along the street had lived years in these last days. Exercise 13. Canto VI, Lines 1-102. mtt , ; toenn." Hcbcnfatje mtt ,,um . . . 311. 1. (Seben Ste bte @t)tt0pfi3 pon alien etttr>ortent (Derbcn) tm 3nbifatit) unb tm Sonjunftitt : (a) 2Betw $l)r ben IHenfctycn cr= fennt, fo fann id? (ud? barutn nid?t fdjelten. (b) SBenn %1)v bic traurigen (Eage bur d)f gotten woUtct, ttiitrbct 3br felber geftcbcn, n)ie oft 3^r (Sutes crblicftet. (c) 3^? fafy fid? ^ctnbc Dcrfobnen, um bte Stabt com libel 3U retten. (d) r fdiont ben Be= fiegten, als mare er ber Seine, tccttn cr irjm taglid? niitjt. (e) 3eber fd?tcn nur bcforgt, cs bleibc rcas iibrig fur morgen. 2. $erttJanbeln Sic in inbtreftc Oftcbe nad? ,,er fagte, ba" : etlcn 3-19 ; 20-33 ; ^0-6^ ; 60-79. 3. 993ortbilbung : Durd? bic iTad?filbe -ling bilbct man ma'nn= Iid?e t^aupttcorter (Sub ft antic e) aus geittcort^ ftammen (Perbftammen), 23eiu)ortcrn (2lbjef tioen), APPENDIX U 295 unb fjauptroortertt (Subftantioen), 3-23., Jung ber $ititgUng ; bte ftlurfjt bet ^Jiidjtliitjj. SJilben Sic fold?e aus : fremb, bas 3abj ( tt ), erft, bie Ifelt, fcig, fdjroad? ("), ftnbett, lieb, ber fjof ("). 4. tt&erfcfcett Sic : (a) If the minister should ask the judge what his congregation had suffered, he would tell him. (ft) If they drink the bitter of all the years, they hope to have rights and freedom, (c) We planted liberty trees to win the young and the old. (tr bas IPettere tjoren. (c) Drum fommt, bamtt unr pcrnebjncn, ob fie gut unb tugenbb^aft fei. (d) Did? mad?t btc ctt nur gcmiffcr, tote bu cs b^abcft mtt ifym, unb rote btc ^rcunbfd^aft bcftcbjC. (e) Iltemanb roetgrc fid? an3unebmen, roas tbm bte ITtHbc geboteu bat. 2. Scrwanbefn Sic in inbtrelte ^rageu ttad? ,,cr fragte, ob Durd? bte Dorfilbe ent- bilbct man untrenn= bare citroorter (Derbcn), aus geitroortern (Derbett), ^auptroortern (Subftantipen), uub Beiroortern (21bje?= tio en), 3. B., piemen eittfliefjen. Silben Sic fold^c aus : laffen, fremb, sicken, reien, ftetgen, bas Dolf ("-ertt), fagcn, Fominen, ttebmen, ber Hat, iibrig, ber Korpcr, fatten, bie Kraft ("), bie Seele, fd?eibeu, bas KIcib. SBifbcn Sic roeiblid^e f^auptroorter (Subftanttoe) auf -ung aus biefeu gcitroorteru (Pcrben). 296 APPENDIX H 4. llberfetjen Sie : (a) The judge asked whether the girl had remained alone on the large estate. (6) The apothecary pulls the minister by the sleeve, so that he may tell him that he has found the girl, (c) He wants to take the judge along, so that he may learn the rest, (d) We ask the girl whether she has wrapped the baby, (e) The minister and apothecary went to meet the judge, so that they might ask whether the girl was good. Exercise 15. Canto VI. Lines 205-313. Sonjunftiu. Der <5entttr> mit Betroortern (2lbjefttr*en). 1. (Scbcn Ste bie SnnopftS r>on alien geitroortern (Pcrbcn) tm ^itbifatiu unb tm ftonjuitfttB : (a) ,,Gilen ttrir" ! fprad? ber r>cr= ftanbtge ItTann. (b) (Sir Jjiire fo fd?neli rote mb'glicb bie frohltAe Botfd^aft. (c) Detner ift fie rocrt. (d) Sonntags befud^t er ben amrbtcjcn 23iirger. (?) Ztchme bcnn jecjltdier audj ben Kerb mit eigenen Rd'nbcn. 2. (Seben Ste btc Si)nopfts tm ^affto : (a) Pa ctn jebes (Sc= fd7d'ft nad? fetner IPctfe oollbradpt rourbe. (fe) nbltd7 nwrbe aud? ber dod?ter errpa'bnt. (c) Per Knaftcr inurbe ron bem 2Jpothefer gelobt. 3. 993ortbi(linttg : Purd? bte Dorftlbc be- btlbet man ett= irorter (Derben) (geroobttltd? tranftttp) aus getttportern (Derben), 3. 3., fallen befallen. SBilfcen Sic fold?e aus : fagcn, feljett, fpred?en, tetlcn, etlen, !om= men, finben, batten, faffen, nebmen, toerben, fteben, folgen, merfen, geben, gebcn, treffen, lebett. 4. X^emen : (a) Pie Rojfnung.cn ber Peutfd^en. (6) Pas freoelbafte Bencbmen ber ^ra^ofen. (c) Pic ietben ber Pcutfd^en. (d) Pas bod7bcr3tgc UTa'bdwt. (e) Porotb,ca gc= funbcn. (/) 3) cr Hid^ter lobt Porotbea. (gr) Bermanns nt- fd^lte^ung. (h) ^reten nad? ber altcn IHobc. 5. itbeffeften Sic : (a) Let us not leave them without a gift. (6) Let us tell the boy that she is worthy of his hand, (c) Let APPENDIX H 297 him come with a swift carriage. (d) Sure of her love, the world belongs to him. (e) In the evening the horses, eager for their stalls, run home quickly. Exercise 16. Canto VII, Lines 1-102. SBetorbtteitbe Sinbcroortcr (foorbhtierenbe ^oitjunfttottett). Hebcnffitje tnit ba. 1. (5eben Ste bie @t)nopji3 ron : (a) ttnb er ging ifyr freubig entgcgett. (b) $entt ber 2lnbltrf bes (Scbers ift tote btc (Sabett erfreulid?. (c) Da 3r;r abcr fogleid? t>erner;met, tparum id? gefommcn, [age id? on bier. (6) tneitt 23Iirf fid? aud? roenbet, ferie id? ifyr 23ilb. (c) ber Pfab ins (Setreibe ging, far; er fie. (d) 3^? mi ^ fd?opfen, ber (Quell rein ift. (e} geben Sic fo cilig ? 3. SBortbilbttug : Durd? bic Had?filbc -fam bilbct man Bet= roorter (2tbjcftirc) aus ^auptroortern (Subftantincn), eittr>ortftammen (Derbftammen), unb Beiroortern (2tbjcfttr>en), 3. B., bie 3furcfyt f ttrdjtf am ; rcnfcn lenff am ; long laitflfom. ^tlbcn 5ie fold?c aus : bas Bilb, folgett, ein, empftnben, auf= merfen, ber f^eil, bie IHiibe, fd?roeigen. SBtfbcn S.ic tDeiblid?e f^auptroorter (Subftanttoe) aus btcfen BcitDorterit (2lbjcftirie)t) burd? bie Had?filbe -fctt. 4. itberfc^en Sic : (a) Does Hermann see an apparition, or does he see the figure of a girl ? (6) For she goes to this well, so that she may dip water where it is clear, (c) Hermann knows why the girl has come, but he asks her anyway, (d) The careful person does not roil all the water, so that one cannot drink it, but he thinks of those to follow, (e) He takes one jug, and she takes the other, so that they can both dip (water). 298 APPENDIX H Exercise 17. Canto VII, Lines 103-202. Uitterorbneitbe Sinbettiorrer (fuborbinierenbe .Qonjunftioncit). Per ^FFufattp mit Dorroortern (pra'pofittonen) unb ber 2IFFufatto abfolut. 1. (Seben Sic bte StynopftS ran : (a) IDobI tbr, weim fie fid? baran gcroobnt, bafj Fein IDeg tbr 311 fauer tmrb. (6) Sic a>ar burd? ben (Sartcn geFommen bis an bte (Eenne, tto bte FranFe ^rau lag. (c) ttn Kinb an jegltdicr Banb, trat ber Htditcr 3ugletd? cin. (d) ^br toerbet, fo lang fie fid? bcr !t?irtfd?aft annimmt, bie Sd?tteftcr md?t ocrmiffcn. (e) 2(l ber Stord? ib^n jiingft betm ^urfcrbad'cr rorbeitrug. 2. HSortbilbung : 2Ius ben 3nftnittccn bcr getttportern (Derben) bilbet man fad?lid?e Baupttoorter (Sub ft an* tioc), 3. ^., flc^cn ba3 (iJc^cn. Siliicn Sic foldjc aus ben 3 n f' n i*i pcn pon : ftanbcn, fdjtpetgcnb, ftteg, folgtc, pcrlangt, fpradj, tra'gt, bcfteblt, fcbt, bient, gcroobnt, rergit, ertrugen, trat, pcrloren, gcfunbcn, tranfcn, fiibre, tctrbt, Icbet, betradjtct. 3. SJjemen: (a) Die Begegnung am Brunnen. (ft) Das Dtngctt bcs ITlabdiens. (c) Die Bcftimmung bcr ^rau. (d) Das Sdpeiben ron ben ^reunbcn. (e) Das iob bes Hid/tcrs. 4. UderfeftCtt Sic : (a) (With) a jug in each hand, she climbs slowly up the steps. (6) He looks at her earnestly, as if her fate were doubtful, (c) A sister's life is an endless working for her brothers and her parents, (d) When the girls saw their little brother, they ran with joy to greet him. (e) Because return is denied us, we must scatter (ourselves) through this strange land. Exercise 18. Canto VIII, Lines 1-98. $efh?attetgenbe Jwroiirtcr (^offefftoe ^ronomcn). Dcr (Dpta= tip (KonjunFttr). 1. (Seben Sic bic Sl)itopft ron : (a) U?enn td> mid? bcr H)trt= fdjaft als rote bcr metntgcn annabm. (6) 111 ogc bas brobenbe APPENDIX H 299 IPctter uns nicfyt Sd?Ioftcn bringen. (c) 3 c ^ cr empfarfl fie ben cinen. (d) Das nun tnelleid?t ba beiue tr>irb. (e) Diefe ,elber futb unfer. 2. Grganseu Sic mtt ba$, bafj, ober was : (a) Das tjofye, team fenbc Korn, id? bier ferje, freut mid?. (6) 2illes, Sic tnir fagren, ttmfjte id? fd?on. (c) Das 2?efte, id? fyabe, gebc id? bir. (d) Das erfte ITtal, - - id? tfyn fc^c, fragc id? iljn. (?) Ubitfl : Jlus tcld?cn eitu>orteru (Perbctt) fitib fol= gcnbc fjanpttnortcr (Subftantipe) gcbilbct : Die 23elcud?tung, bcr (5u|;, bte (Erntc, ber Sturm, bcr Sinn, ber Sd?ein, bic icrbc, btc icbe, bie Derebrung, bcr Dicncr, ber Sd?ritt, bic 2Scmcgung, bas IPcfcn, bcr (Sebietcr, bas Sd?immern, bic ^ragc, bcr Dertriebne, bic tt?obnung, bcr Steig, bie (Sclicbte, ber Derbrujg, bcr <\n- tritt. 4. f)emen: (a) ,,H?as bcr Datcr totU." (6) Die fjoflid?fctt ber ^ransofcn. (c) Das nat^enbe (5etitter. 5. ilberfe^ett Sic : (a) May the storm not threaten us in the open without a shelter, (b) If she only were a fine, clever girl 1 (c) My mother I can satisfy, but not yours, (d) I hope (may) this good servant may satisfy him, ours does not. (e) Your nature is like mine, but hers is not. Exercise 19. Canto IX, Lines 1-104. 3nftnitit) mtt unb ofyte ,^u." Subftitutcn fiir bas pa f fie. 1. (Scbcn Sic bie Stjnopp con : (a) Dljite bas ITtabd?en 311 fprerfjen, trcnnten fie fid? tom 3iingling. (6) 2tbcr gclaffcn bc= flttmt bcr ttad?bar u f^rct^cn. (c) s lat fid? gleid? er^ fcnnen, roeld?cs (Sciftes er ift. (d) Da riitjrt fid? Bobel unb Sage, (e) cige man bod? bent 3iingling bes ebel reifcnben Alters IPcrt. (/) yilcs fa^ id? im (Seiftc gcfrf|c^cn. 2. aSort&ilbung : 2tus roeld?en f^aupttDortern (Subftam ticen) unb eitrob'rtern (Per ben) finb folgenbe Beia)6'rter 300 APPENDIX H (ilbjeftipc) gebilbet : ber$lid?, lieblid?, unacbitlbioi, Icbbaft, bf- gierig, enblid?, torid?t, bebeuFIid?, flct^ttj, brcttcrtt, a.cfd?d'ftia,, 3a>eifelbaft, empftttblid?, berrltcb, pcrglctd?bar, mmnllia., fpotttfd?. 3. Uberfeften 5te : () The evil cannot be made (reflexive of laffcn) better without talking to the father about it. (ft) We (man) must thank our father that we learned to wait calmly, (c) We are told (man with the active voice) that the carriage is to take us out to the spring under the lindens, (d) The door opened (reflexive) and a fine-looking couple was seen (man with the active) crossing the threshold, (e) I am pleased (it pleases me) that my son's good taste can be seen (reflexive of laffen) in the bride that he has chosen. Exercise 20. Canto IX, Lines 105-205. JRcpcjtwc 3eitrobrter (Sgcrbcu). 211 s, tuenn. 1. (Seben Ste bte i)nopft t>on : () ID c it u bu bid) bet ^rcmben 311 biencn allju etltcj entjd)(ie$cft. (6) 2Us id? thtt toieber am Brunncn fab, ba freute id? mid? fctncs 2lnbltrfs. (c) (s f^mcit^elre mir frctltd? bas ^crj. (d) d. 1. (Seben Sic bte <3t)itopft3 port alien geittDortern (Derben) tm Sonjunftitt: (a) Daft fid? nid?t ber crftc Brautigam mit tynbern- bem (Einfprud? jetge ! (6) Q?eld?e Klugtjett Ijfitte uns ibr (Scmiit etttljnUt ? (c) Dcr crftc Perbrufi fct sugletd? bcr Ic^tc ! (d) Allies rcgt fid?, als Wofltc btc tPclt fid? ncu gcftaltcn. (e) e= bdtfjte jcbcr n>tc id?, fo ftiinbc bic !Had?t auf. 2. SBortbUDung : rflarcn Sic folgcnbc IDorter : bic Klugt^cit, cntlocfcn, cntbiillcn, btc rflarung, frcunblid?, fliid?ttg, bic ZTei= gang, bic ^rcunbltd?Fcit, bic Kiibrung, btc Derfid?crung, bcr t>er= bru, t>erpflid?ten, rcrftdnbtg, runblid?, bcr Scgcnsn>unfd?, ber (Einfprud?, ber Jlugcnbltd 1 , bie ^rct^ett, reranbert, bas (Sefprad?, ber ^rembling, unabbattgig, btc Derbtnbung, banfbar. 3. X^cmcn: (a) Die r5ablung bcs ^potl^efcrs. (ft) Die ) He only wished that he might bring her home, (c) Let him forgive her the tears of sorrow as well as the tears of joy. (d) If the finger had not been so plump, the ring could have been (man) drawn off more easily, (e) When the pastor caught sight of the other ring, he acted (tun) as if he had never seen it. ABBREVIATIONS The principal parts of all strong verbs are given in full with the third person singular of the present indicative, when irregular, in parentheses after the infinitive, and ift or fyat preceding the perfect participle to indicate the perfect auxiliary. In all other cases the perfect auxiliary, fyabett or feitt, is given after the verb. Separable weak verbs are marked sep. All verbs are designated as tran- sitive, intransitive, or reflexive by the abbreviations tr., intr., and reft. The genitive singular is given for all nouns and the plurals are indicated for those that have them. For words used both as adjectives and adverbs only the adjective meaning is given, unless the adverbial meaning differs materially. The principal accent is marked on all separable verbs, words frequently mispronounced, and wherever the accent does not fall on the first syllable. Cognate words are indicated whenever possible. Where the cognate does not translate the German word, it is inclosed in parentheses. The following abbreviations are used : ace., accusative. worn., nominative, adj., adjective. num., numeral. adv., adverb. part., participle, participial, con;'., conjunction. plu., plural. dat., dative. pref., prefix. gen., genitive. pron., pronoun, pronounce. inf., infinitive. refl., reflexive. insep., inseparable. Teg., regular. interj., interjection. xep., separable. intr., intransitive. tr., transitive. 302 VOCABULARY flb, adv. and sep. pref., off, down, away (from). ber 3lbenb, -3, -e, evening, west. ba3 Slbcnteuer, -, -, adventure. ober, cow;'., but, however ; adi>., again. ab'gemeffen, part. adv. (ab= tneffen), precisely, exactly, making adjustments. ab'getragen, part. adj. (abtragen), worn, worn off or out. ttb'lefyncn, sep. tr. (fyaben), to de- cline, refuse ; lean, turn aside. ob'mcffen (tnifet ab), mafe ab, fjat abgetneffen, tr., to measure off, adjust ; consider, weigh (words, acts) ; abgemeffen, precisely, exactly. ob'fdjlagen (fcfjliigt ab), fcfjlug ab, f)at abgefcfjlagen, tr., to decline, refuse, reject. ab'fdjrdbcn, fdjrteb ab, Iat ab= gefc^rieben, //-., to copy, tran- scribe. bie 9(6'fd)rift, -, -en, copy, transcript. bie Hb'ftcfyt, -, -en, intention, purpose, design. ob'ttagen (trftgt ab), tritg ab, t)at abgetragen, tr., to remove, carry off ; wear off or out. ab'trodnen, sep. tr. (b,aben), to dry, wipe away. ab'tofirt^, adv., down, down along, downwards. ob'ttjcfircn, sep. tr. C&aben), to guard, keep off, ward off, avert. ob'nnfcfyen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to wipe off. ad), interj., ah! oh! alas! 21$ unb 2Be{ fdjreten, sigh and cry, groan and moan ; aber a$, bod) adj, but oh ! adjt, num., eight. adU^clin, num., eighteen. ad)t5cb,nt (-er, -e, -e), num. adj., eighteenth. ad)tjig, num., eighty. odisen, reg. intr. (fiaben), to groan, moan, cry n ad)." ber Stder, -, ", field, land, (acre), ber $lbam, -8, proper name, Adam. 1 Sibct anberS ber 9tbcl, -3, -, nobility. bte &bcr, -, -n, artery, vein. ber Slbttofat', -en, -en, advocate, lawyer. ber Sttinfjm, -n, -en, ancestor, forefather. fif)n(uf), adj. (dat.), similar, like. bte Burning, -, -en, presenti- ment, suspicion, idea. afinungSDoC, adj., ominous, fore- boding, presageful. att, adj. and pron., all, entire, whole ; uHeS, every one, everything ; afle$ unb jebeS, each and all, everything ; bor attetn, first of all ; ttmS alteS, whatever. attein'(e), indeclinable adj., alone ; adv., solely, only ; conj., but, yet, only. attemal, adv., always ; etnmal fiir aflemal, once for all. aflgcmein', adj., general, com- mon, universal ; im atl= getnetnen, in general. atttterberb'Hd), adj., all-destroy- ing. attttcrt)in'bernb, part, adj., all- hindering, all-obstructing. aflju, adv., too, all too. ofljugeUnb, adj., too indulgent, (all) too gentle. aDpgrof?, adj., (all) too great, excessive. ttlS, conj., when, as, since ; as if ; after a negative, but, except ; after a comparative, than ; after nouns in ap- position, as ; al6 nun, now when ; nidjt alS bt3, not until. atebamt', adv., then. alto, adv., so, thus ; conj., then, so, accordingly, hence, therefore. alt (alter, ftlt(e)ft), adj., aged, old ; ancient ; former ; as noun, bte Sllten, old people, forefathers ; the ancients ; ber 3IIte, old man, father ; ba3 Sllte, the old order or arrangement. ber 3((tor' or SCI'tSr, -3, -e or *e, altar. bag Sitter, -3, -, age, old age ; the aged, old people. altern, intr. (fetn and fjaben), to grow old, age, decline. am = an bem. ba Stmt, -(e), "er, office, em- ployment, situation. on, prep. (dat. or ace.), sep. accented pref., and adv., at, beside, by ; in, on ; to, towards ; of, in the way of. bte Anatomic', -, anatomy. ber Sfnbltd, -(e)3, -e, sight, view ; look, glance ; with possessive adj., the sight of .... an'bltden, sep. tr. (Ijaben), to look at, view. anbcr, adj., other, different ; second, next ; following ; etn anbrer, another, some one else. anbcr3, adv., differently, other- wise ; (et)tt)a3 anberS, some- thing different or else. anbritcfen Slntrteb an'briirfen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to press, push ; with an, to press close, hold tight. an'faflen (fciflt an), fief an, f)at angefatlen, tr., to fall upon, attack ; seize, ber 9tnfang, -(e)3, *e, beginning, commencement. an'fangcn (fangt an), fing an, fjat angefangen, tr. and intr., to begin, commence. an'faffen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to take hold of, grasp, seize. an'geben (gibt an), gab an, fiat angegeben, tr., to allege, de- clare, cite, state, indicate ; suggest, propose, design, plan. an'gefjiJren, sep. intr. (dat.) (Ijaben), to belong to. angelefjnt, part. adj. (anlefjnen), ajar, leaned on. ber Singer, -6, -, grass plot, common, meadow, green, bte 9lngft, -, "e, anxiety, fear, a'ngftltcf), adj., anxious, timid, apprehensive. an'fjolten (fjttlt an), Ijtelt an, fjat angefjaften, tr., to check, stop, hold in ; refl., to restrain or control one's self, ber Mnliang, -(e)3, *e, appendix, supplement. an'Iegcn, sep. tr. (fjaben), to put on, lay on ; take aim. on'fefjnen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to lean on or against ; leave (a door) ajar ; angetefjnt, ajar, leaning on. an'Hcgcn, lag an, tjat angelegen, intr. (dat.}, to fit ; lie close to, be adjacent, border on. an'lorfen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to attract, entice, tempt. on'mafeen, sep. refl. (gen.), to assume, usurp, claim. bte Mnmerfung, -, -en, note, comment. bte 9tnmut, -, charm, grace. on'ne^mcn (mmtnt an), nafjm an, fiat angenommen, tr., to ac- cept, receive ; assume, pre- suppose ; refl. (gen.), in- terest one's self in, take charge of. on'fdjauen, sep. tr. (f)aben), to look at, observe, witness. an'fef)trfen, sep. refl. (fiaben), to set about, prepare, make ready. an'fefien (ftefit an), fab. an, fiat angefeljen, tr., to look at, regard ; (with dat.), to see in one, detect by one's looks. bte 9(nftalt, -, -en, plan, prepara- tion ; establishment ; under- taking, enterprise. ber ?lntett, -(e)3, -e, lot, share, interest, sympathy. anrtf, adj., antique, old, classic. bte Slnti'fe, -, -en, antiquity, antique art. ber Slntrag, -(e)3, a e, proposal, offer. on'tretben, trteb an, fiat ange= trteben, tr., to drive on, urge on ; impel, encourage. ber Stntrieb, -(e), -e, inclina- tion, impulse, stimulus. 2(ntroort bte Stntwort, -, -en, answer. antrtJOtten, tr. and intr. (dat.) (fjaben), to answer. an'tierirauen, sep. tr. (dat.) (fjaben), to entrust to. an'sietjen, jog an, fjat angejogen, tr., to put on, dress. ber Styfel, -3, ", apple, pupil (of the eye). ber 3(i)fdbaum, -3, "e, apple tree. ber Slpollu Bon Sdnebere, -, Proper name, Apollo of the Belvedere, a celebrated statue of antiquity now in the Vatican at Rome. It is gen- erally accepted as the ideally perfect form of man. bte StpotJje'fe, -, -n, apothecary's shop, drug store. ber 9lpotf}e'fer, -3, -, apothecary. bte Arbeit, -, -en, work, labor. arbettcn, intr. (fjaben), to work. ber SIrbett3mann, -(e)3, "er or -leitte, workman, laborer. ber s J(ra.U)i>fjn, -3, suspicion, mis- trust. arm (firmer, iirtnft), adj., poor, miserable, unfortunate, wretched ; as noun, bie SIrmen, poor people. ber 2frm, -(e)3, -e, arm. bte 5lrmiit, -, poverty. arrangtrcn = arrangteren, tr. (fjaben), to arrange, put in order. bte $Jrt, -, -en, way, manner, style ; kind, species. bte 2lfd|e, -, -en (rare}, ashes. ber 9lft, -(e), "e, large branch, bough. oftfjctifd), adj., aesthetic. ber 3(tem, -8, breath. ba^ 3lti)cn' f -^, proper name, Athens, the capital of Greece and the center of ancient Greek art. and), adv., too, also, besides, likewise ; even ; audj ntrfjt, not . . . either ; autf) fo = ebenfo, just so : toenn . . . aud), even if, although ; ttrie or fo . . . and), as, however ; after a relative pronoun or adverb, whoever, whatever ; really, indeed. bte 9(ue, -, -n, meadow. Oltf, prep. (dat. or ace.}, on, upon ; at ; for ; to, toward, in ; in search of ; sep. ac- cented pref . and adv., up, upon, upwards, open ; out ; inter j., up ! ; auf3 befte, in the best way ; auf einmal, suddenly ; aufg neue, anew, again ; auf erotg, forever. auf'bewafjren, sep. tr. (fjaben), to store up, treasure ; keep, preserve, guard. ttiiffofiren (faf)rt auf), fufjr auf, tft aufgefafjren, intr., to drive up ; start up, fly into a passion. ouf'forbcrn, sep. tr. (fjaben), to challenge, rally, urge, in- vite, summon. auf'geljen, gtng auf, tft auf= gegangen, intr., to rise, mount, go up ; open. auffjaltcn ouf 'ftalten (fjalt auf), f)ielt auf, fjat aufgefjalten, tr., to check, stem, hold up ; refl., to re- main, stay, tarry. aitf'f)cben, fjob auf, Ijat aufge= fyoben, tr., to lift up, raise, pick up. ouf'larficn, sep. intr. (fjaben), to laugh out, burst out laugh- ing. auf'legcn, sep. tr. (fjaben), to lay upon, impose. ouf'lbfen, sep. refl. (fjaben), to dissolve, loosen, disintegrate ; sever, be annulled. bie Stufmcrffamfett, -, -en, at- tention, attentiveness. bie 9lufnaf)tne, -, -n, reception, taking up. ouf'nefymcn (ntmmt auf), nafjm auf, fyat aufgenommen, tr., to take up or in, receive, shelter. ouf'regett, sep. tr. (fyaben), to arouse, excite, awaken, stir up. ouf3 = auf bag. auf'fcf)Hefjen, fd&Iofj auf, f>at auf* gefcf)Ioffen, tr., to open, un- lock ; disclose, reveal. (Utf'feljen, sep. tr. (fyaben), to set up, put on ; establish ; set down, rest, plant. auf'ftefjcn, ftanb auf, tft aufge= ftauben, intr., to stand up, arise ; stand open. ouf'ftetgen, ftieg auf, tft auf= geftiegen, intr., to rise, ascend, mount. ouf'fudjen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to seek out, search for. ber Sluftrag, -(e)6, "e, errand, commission. auf'tun, tat auf, I)at aufgetan, tr., to open ; refl., open up, expand. auf'ttmcfifett (loiicfyft auf), ttmdjg auf, ift aufgettiacf)fen, intr., to grow up. bag Slugc, -(e), -n, eye ; tn6 2luge faffen, to attract one's attention, catch one's eye ; in^ Stuge faffen, to look at, view ; im 2luge I)aben, to have in view ; unter ben Slugen, under the guidance or watch- fulness of. ber 3lugen6ttcf, -(e)g, -e, in- stant, moment. augcnblictHd), adv., instantly, at once, immediately. bag Slugenpoor, -(e)g, -e, pair of eyes. bag $uglcht, -g, -, dim., little eye. ber Sluguft, -g, proper name, August. ber 2luguftlt3, -, proper name, Augustus ; Octavius Caesar (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), the first Aoman Emperor. ait3, prep, (dat.), from, out of ; of, because of ; adv. and sep. pref., out, forth ; over, at an end ; Don t)ter au, from here, from this place. au3'6effern, sep. tr. (t)aben), to mend, repair, restore, im- prove. ber 5lu3&rud), -(e)S, "e, outbreak. auSbenfcn aitvitrccfcit au^'benfen, badjte aug, fjat aug= gebadjt, tr., to think out, de- vise, contrive. ausbriicflid), adj., explicit, ex- press. ber 9(udgang, -(e)S, *e, outcome, result, issue. au^'gebeffett, part. adj. (aug= beffern), repaired, improved. aud'gcftattct, part. adj. (aug= flatten), fitted out, supplied (with a marriage dowry). aug'geftorben, part. adj. (aug= fterben), deserted, desolate, died out. aitS'gesddjnet, part, adj., ex- cellent, superior. au3'grabcn (grabt aug), grub aug, Ijat auggegraben, tr., to dig out. auS'fjalten (^alt aug), f)ielt aug, h,at auggefyalten, at auSgelefen, tr., to choose, se- lect ; draft. au3'nef)men (nttnmt au), nafjm au, ^at aiiSgenotmnen, tr., to except, take out ; refl., to appear, look. nuS'reben, sep. intr. (fjaben), to speak out, finish speaking ; speak freely. ait^'retjten, rife auS, b,at au6= gertffen, ir., to tear out, pull out. au3'ftf)Iiefcen, fdjlofi au, fjat au^= gefdjloffen, tr., to exclude, shut out, lock out. bag 9lu3fef)en, -8, appearance, looks. aufjen, aat auggefprocfien, tr., to pronounce, speak out ; express, speak freely. ou^'ftotten, sep. tr. (friben), to equip, fit out (with a mar- riage dowry). auS'ftetgen, ftteg aug, ift aug= geftiegen, intr., to alight, step out. ou'fterbcn (ftirbt aug), ftarb au, ift auggeftorben, intr., to die out; auggeftorben, desolate, deserted, quiet as the grave. au^'ftrerfcn, sep. tr. (fyaben), to stretch out, extend. auStetlen bebenttttfi au^'tcUcn, sep. tr. (fyabcn), to divide, distribute. aitviucHbig, adv. (with lernen), learn by heart. ouS'ateren, sep. tr. (f)aben), to decorate, adorn, ornament. Me 2(utobtograpb,te', -, -en, auto- biography. 23 ber 23arf>, -(e), "e, brook. ber 5Bacf)trog, -(e)8, "e, kneading trough, bte ^al)ii, -, -en, track, road, path ; career. ber S3ab,nbrcc6,cr, -$, -, pioneer. bafb, adv., soon, quickly ; readily ; balb . . . balb, now . . . now, at one time . . . at another ; gar balb, very soon ; balbc, archaic for balb. ber 23alfcn, -3, -, beam, timber, bte SBafla'be, -, -it, ballad. batten, tr. and refl. (f)aben), to roll up ; clench, double up. ba8 S3anb, -(e), "er, band, ribbon ; (plu. -e), bond, fetter, tie. bte SBanbe, -/ -n, band, troop, banbigcn, tr. (fyaben), to tame, subdue, control, restrain, bang(c), adj., timid, anxious, fearful, afraid, bte 83onf, -, "e, bench, seat, bte 23armfi,er'5igfett, -, -en, mercy, pity, charity, ber S3aron', -8, -e, baron. bte S3arfcb,aft, -, -en, cash, ready money. ber SBoiKb,, -(e)8, "e, stomach, paunch ; ben 33au(^ fatten, to hold one's sides (with laughter). batten, tr. ({jaben), to build, erect ; cultivate. ber S3auer, -8 or -n, -n, farmer, peasant. biut(e)rifd), adj., rustic, peasant- like (boorish), countrified. ber SBaufyerr, -n, -en, contractor, builder ; superintendent of public works. bie 23oufunft, -, "e, art of build- ing, architecture. ber Soitm, -(e), "e, tree ; beam, timber ; 93aum ber gretfjeit, liberty pole. be-, insep. pref. not accented. Delicti, intr. (fyaben), to tremble, quiver. ber SBedjer, -8, -, beaker, cup, goblet. bcbadjt', part. adj. (bebenfen), mindful of, intent on. beba'tfy'ttg, adj., cautious, dis- creet, deliberate, measured (of steps). bebou'ern, tr. (Iwben), to pity, be sorry for, regret. bebcd'en, tr. (f>aben), to cover, obscure ; (bedeck) ; bebedt, covered, obscured. beben'fcn, bebadjte, f)at bebadjt, tr., to consider, care for, think of, be mindful of ; refl., deliberate, think over, reflect upon. bcbcnf'ttd), adj., thoughtful, timid, reflecting ; serious bebcuten 8 Segicr(be) solemn, awe-inspiring; doubt- ful, hazardous ; apprehen- sive, superstitious, suspi- cious. bcbcu'ten, tr. (fjaben), to mean, signify ; indicate ; bebeu= tenb, significant, serious, meaning ; distinguished, im- portant ; emphatic, impres- sive. bte S$ebeu'tung, -, -en, definition, meaning, significance. bebte'tten, tr. (fyaben), wait on, serve ; bebtent, waited on, served. bebtng'enb, part. adj. (bebtngen), conditional, constraining. bebro'fien, tr. (l)aben), to threaten ; admonish, re- monstrate with. bte 23ebriirf'ung, -/ -en, oppres- sion. bebiir'fen (bebarf), bebitrfte, f>at beburft, intr. (gen?) and, tr., to want, be in need of, require. ba Sebitrf'mS, -(ff)e, -(ff)e, need, want ; collectively, needs, wants ; cwS 93eburfnt3, of necessity. bebiirf'rtg, adj., wanting, in need of (gen.). befoh/ren (befftfirt), bcfuh,r, Ijat befafjren, tr., to traverse, travel over. befal'len (befattt), beftel, f>at be= fallen, tr., to attack, fall upon ; befall, come upon, overtake, surprise. befch/fcn (befic()tt), bcfaf)!, ^at befotyfen, tr., to charge, direct, command ; entrust, com- mend to ; riifce bcfeblen, to send greetings. befcf'ttgcn, tr. (fjaben), to fasten, attach. befin'ben, befanb, b,at befunben, tr., to find, esteem ; refl., be, fare, find one's self, feel. bcflci'jt(tg)cn, befttfc, fjat befftffen, refl., to busy one's self with (gen.) ; attend to, carry on. bcfro'gen, tr. (faben), to ask, question ; refl., inquire about (nacf)). befrci'en, tr. (fjaben), to free, deliver, rescue, set free. befrie'btgcn, tr. ((jaben), to ap- pease ; please, satisfy. befiifc/len, tr. (fjaben), to feel of, handle. bcge'ben (begibt), begab, fi^at be= geben, refl., to betake one's self, go, repair, set out ; expose one's self to. begcg'ncn, intr. (dat.) (fetn), to meet, encounter ; happen ; treat, act towards. bege'Ijen, begtng, fat begangen, tr., to celebrate. begcfi/ren, tr. ({)aben), to desire, demand, crave, wish, ask for. begct'frcrn, tr. (faben), to inspire, fill with enthusiasm. bte SBegei'fterung, -, -en, in- spiration, enthusiasm. bte Scgicr'(bc), -, -n, desire, longing. begiertg 9 befennen bcgtc'rig (nadj or auf), adj., de- sirous, impatient ; eager for (gen.). bcgtn'nen, begann, fjat begonnen, tr. and intr., to begin, com- mence ; do, undertake ; as noun, ba3 33eginnen, -3, act, action, conduct, enterprise, proceeding ; tntt blinbem 33egtmten, blindly. beglei'ten, tr. (fjaben), to accom- pany. ber SBeglci'ter, -3, -, companion, escort. begtiicf'en, tr. (fjaben), to make happy, bless ; begtiicft, happy, happily. bie SBegna'bigung, -, -en, mercy, pardon, grace. begnii'gen, refl. (fjaben), to con- tent one's self, be satisfied. ber S3egriff, -(e), -e, idea, notion ; itn Segriff fetn, to be on the point of, be about to. begrii'fcen, tr. (f)aben), to greet. begun'fttgcn, tr. (fjaben), to favor, befriend, support. begii'tert, part, adj., rich, well- to-do, well-dowered. bef)d'gen, intr. (fjaben), to please, suit ; impersonal, it is pleas- ing, gratifying. befyag'ltd), adj., contented, com- fortable ; complacent, easy- going. befjan'beln, tr. (fjaben), to treat, handle. bedar'ren, intr. (b,aben), to per- sist in (auf) ; continue, persevere in ; auf bem <2tnne befjarren, to stand steadfast, adhere to one's purpose. befiau'en, beljaute, ^at befjauen, tr., to hew, mow. beb,(UH>'ten, tr. (fjaben), to main- tain, assert, uphold. beljen'b(e), adv., quickly. be^err'fdien, tr. (fjaben), to mas- ter, control, rule over, govern. bet, prep, (dat.), adv., and sep. pref., at, near, by, in, on, with, among ; at the house of ; in connection with ; in addition to ; bet ftdj felbft, to himself ; bet unS, in our town, at our house. beibc, num. adj. plu., both, two. ber Set'fafl, -, applause, ap- proval. bctm = bei bem. beino'fjc, adv., nearly, almost. beifam'men, adv., together. betfet'te, adv., aside. ba Set'fpicl, -8, -e, example. bei'fte^en, ftanb bet, b,at beige* ftanben, intr. (dat.), to stand by, help, assist. bei^ei'ten, adv., betimes, early. bcfonnt', part. adj. (befennen), ac- quainted, known ; e3 tft mtr befannt, I know ; as noun, ber, bie 93efannte, acquaint- ance. bie Sefonnt'frfjaft, -, -en, ac- quaintance. befen'nen, befannte, ^at befannt, tr., to acknowledge, admit, confess. 10 bag SBefennt'niS, -(ff)eg, -(ff)e, confession, acknowledgment. bcf Ict'ben, tr. (faben), to clothe ; ein 3Imt befletben, to hold an office. bcflcm'mcn, tr. (fjaben), to op- press ; afflict, grieve ; be* flenttnt (also beflotnmen), anxious, oppressed. befihn'mern, refl. (ftaben), to be anxious or concerned about (urn). belo'ben, betub, hat belaben, tr., to load ; belaben, loaded down, heavy-laden, bclc'bcn, lr. (fjaben), to enliven, animate ; ttn ganjen beleben, to be the life and soul of. belet'btgen, tr. (boben), to offend, insult. Me SBelet'bigung, -, -en, insult, injury, offense, bie SBeleutfy'tung, -, -en, light, illumination, bag SBelte'ben, -g, inclination, pleasure, liking. beloh/nen, tr. (haben), to reward, repay, bemer'fen, tr. (fjaben), to mark, remark ; record, note ; take notice of. bie SBetner'fung, -, -en, remark, observation. bemii'b,ett, tr. (fyaben), to trouble ; refl., to take pains, exert one's self, strive for (um) ; as noun, bag 93emiif)en, -g, effort, labor, trouble, bie 23emii'f)iing, -, -en, effort, endeavor ; trouble, pains. bag SBeneb/tncn, -g, conduct, be- havior ; manner, bearing. bequem', adj., comfortable, con- venient, easy. bequcm'Itd), adj. (= bequem), comfortable, convenient, easy. bie SBera'tung, -, -en, consulta- tion, deliberation. berci'^ern, tr. (fyaben), to enrich. bereit', adj., ready, prepared. berei'ten, tr. (b,aben), to prepare, make ready ; ^rilfe bereiten, to aid, give help ; as noun, bag 33ereiten, -g, preparing, preparation. bereu'en, tr. (^aben), to repent, regret, rue. ber S3erg, -(e)g, -e, hill, moun- tain ; = SBetnberg, vineyard. bergan', adv., uphill. ber 93ergbau, -(e)g, mining, working of mines. bergen (birgt), barg, f>at gt= borgen, tr., to secure ; save ; protect ; geborgcn, provided for. bergitn'ter, adv., downhill. ber Seric^t', -(e)g, -e, account, report. bag 23ertt(f)tngctt, -g, proper name, Gotz von Berlichingen, hero and title of one of Goethe's first dramas. ber SBcruf, -(e)g, -e, calling, occupation, profession. beru'ftigen, tr. (fiaben), to quiet, calm, comfort, reassure ; refl., compose one's self. bcriitjmt 11 beffer befiifimt', part, adj., famous, renowned. bie Scrub/rung, -, -en, touch, contact. befonf'tigen, tr. (fjaben), to ap- pease, pacify, soothe. befcf)a'bigen, tr. (fjaben), to wound, injure, harm, hurt. befd)af'tigen, tr. (fjaben), to oc- cupy, busy ; refl., be engaged in, occupy one's self with. befcfja'men, tr. (fjaben), to shame, confuse, embarrass ; be= fcf)am(e)t, embarrassed, con- fused, ashamed. bie SBefdja'mimg, -, -en, con- fusion, shame, humiliation. befcf)et'ben, adj., modest, dis- creet, bashful. befcftenft', part. adj. (befdjenfen), presented with gifts. befcfie'ren, tr. (fjaben), to give, bestow upon. befdjlei'djen, befdjltd:), fjat be= fdjltrfien, tr., to come over, steal upon. befcfjttc'fjen, befdjfofe, fjat. be= fdjfoffen, tr., to close, finish ; resolve, determine. befd)miifc'en, tr. (fjaben), to pol- lute, defile, soil. bcfdjronf'en, tr. (fjaben), to limit, restrict, circumscribe, ham- per ; befd^ranft, limited, narrow. befdjrd'ben, tr. (tjaben), to de- scribe. bie Skfdjret'bung, -, -en, descrip- tion. befdjiife'en, tr. (fjaben), to defend, protect, guard. bie 5Befd)tt)er'be, -, -en, burden ; trouble, trial, annoyance. beftfjttie'ren, tr. (fjaben), to bur- den, load, weigh down. befe^'en, tr. (fjaben), to occupy, take. befie'gen, tr. (fjaben), to conquer, defeat. bie SBeftn'nung, -, senses, reason ; presence of mind ; coming to one's senses. ber ffieftt?', -e, -e, possession, property. beftij'en, befafj, fjat befeffen, tr., to own, possess. ber SScfi^'er, -, -, owner, proprietor, possessor ; land- owner. bag 23eftl?'titm, -8, a er, possession. bie Scft^'ung, -, -en, property, estate, possession. befon'bcr, adj., special, par- ticular, significant. bcfon'ber^, adv., above all, es- pecially, particularly. befor'gen, tr. (fjaben), to look after, attend to ; bag gelb beforgen, to cultivate the field ; beforgt, troubled, anx- ious, concerned. bie 83eforg'nt3, -, -(ff)e, anxiety, solicitude. befpredj'en (befpridfjt), befpracf), b,at befprodfjen, tr., to discuss, talk over. beffer, adj. (comparative of gut), better ; as noun, ber 33effere, bcffern 12 beitgen the better man ; bag Seffere, the better part ; higher, nobler things. beffern, tr. (fjaben), to improve, make better. beft, adj. (superlative of gut), best ; ant beften, auf3 befte, utn beften, for the best, in the best way ; jum beften fjaben, to make fun of ; as noun, ba3 93efte, the best. bcftan'big, adj., constant, firm, steady ; settled. beftecfi'en (befttdjt), beftadb,, fjat beftodjen, tr., to bribe ; in- spire, incline. befte'f)en, beftanb, fjat beftanbert, intr., to exist, maintain one's self ; endure, continue ; beftefjen aits, to consist of. beftet'gen, beftteg, fjat befrtegen, tr., to mount, ascend ; enter, get into. beftel'Ien, tr. (fjaben), to order, appoint. befrim'men, tr. (fyaben), to deter- mine, decide ; allot, assign ; beftimmt, definite, engaged, spoken for ; intended, des- tined. bte SBefrtm'mung, -/ -en, voca- tion, mission, destiny. befrre'ben, rejl. (f)aben), to strive, exert one's self ; advance. befrrei'ten, beftritt, f>at beftrttten, tr., to oppose, fight against ; meet (expense). befrrttf'en, tr. (fjaben), to ensnare, seduce, entrap. ber Sefud), -(e)8, -e, visit. bcfu'djcn, tr. (tjaben), to call on, visit ; attend (a school). befii'beln, tr. (faben), to soil, defile, contaminate. betrorfi'ten, tr. (tjaben), to look at, observe, consider. beira'gcn (betragt), betritg, l>at betragen, rejl., to conduct one's self, behave. bctrcf'fcn (betrtfft), betraf, f;at betroffen, tr., to befall, happen to one ; betroffen, embar- rassed, surprised. betrci'bcn, betrieb, b,at betrteben, tr., to urge or press on, carry forward ; eS tortc^t betretben, to act or carry on madly. betre'ten (betritt), betrat, fjat betreten, tr., to step upon, enter ; follow ; cross. betroffen, part. adj. (betreffen), amazed, surprised, embar- rassed, confused. bctro'gcn, part. adj. (betriigen), deceived, disappointed. berrii'ben, tr. (fyaben), to trouble, distress, grieve ; betriibt, sad, sorrowful. betrii'gcn, betrog, {)at betrogen, tr., to deceive, cheat, dis- appoint. ba3 SBert(e), -(e)6, -en, bed, feather bed ; plu., bedding. ba Scttgefrett, -(e), -e, bed- stead. ber Settler, -8, -, beggar. beugen, rejl. (b,oben), to bend, stoop. beurtetlen 13 beur'tcilcn, tr. (fjaben), to judge, estimate, criticize. ber iBeutd, -3, -, purse, bag ; = Jabafgbeutel, tobacco- pouch. beDiil'fert, part. adj. (bebolfern), populated, populous. bet>or'freh,cn, ftanb beoor, fyat betiorgeftanben, intr., to stand before ; impend, hang over, confront, threaten, await. bertmff'net, part. adj. (betoaffnen), armed, with weapon in hand. bettwfy'ren, tr. (fyaben), to pro- tect, guard, preserve ; cher- ish, keep. benic'gen, tr. or refl. (fjaben), to sway, wave, move, touch ; agitate, excite ; induce ; betoegt, excited, agitated. betoeg'Udj, adj., movable, nimble ; changeable, fickle. bie S3ert>e'gung, -, -en, motion, movement ; disturbance, agi- tation. benrir'ten, tr. (fjaben), to serve, entertain, treat hospitably. ber SBeftob/ner, -3, -, inhabitant, citizen, resident. bettwn'bcrn, tr. (fjaben), to ad- mire, wonder at. bcsetcft/nett, tr. (fmben), to mark, indicate, designate, specify, characterize. beset'gen, tr. (fwben), to show, manifest, exhibit, express ; refl., show one's self, show proof of. besnw'feln, tr. (fyaben), to doubt, (call in) question. bie SBibet, -, -n, Bible, Scrip- ture. bie S3tb(tograpb,ie', -, -en, bibliog- raphy. liibltugr(l'pb,if(fi r adj., biblio- graphical. btebcr, adj., upright, honest, candid, true. bie aStcberfcit, -, honesty, up- rightness, integrity. bag S3ier, -(e), -e, beer. bicten, bot, fjat geboten, tr., to offer, afford. bag SBilb, -(e)g, -er, picture, image ; = eftalt, form, shape, figure. billion, tr. (fjaben), to form, mold, shape ; educate ; cultivate ; develop, grow up ; flebtlbet, educated, cultivated, refined. bie SSilbung, -, -en, culture, civilization ; structure ; = eftalt, form, figure. bifltg, adj., proper, just ; as is proper ; of right, fitting, fair. bie 5Biograpft,te', -, -en, biog- raphy. biogra'Mifrf), adj., biographical. ber SBtrnbautn, -(e)g, "e, pear tree. bi, conj., prep, (ace.), until, to, as far as ; big jum, as far as. bi3f)cr'f adv., until now, hitherto. bitter, adj., bitter ; hard, bit- ing ; as noun, bag S3ttt(e)re, the bitter. bag SBitoaf, -g, -g, bivouac. blnnf 14 SBrctt blanf, adj., bright, shining, polished. blafc, adj., pale. bag S3iatt, -(e)g, "er, leaf, (blade). Moil, aat ge= broken, tr., to break. brett, adj., broad, wide, ex- tensive, afar ; melt unb breit, far and wide. bretten, tr. (fyaben), to spread, extend ; refl. = fid) Der* breiten, to extend, spread out. brennen, brannte, b,at gebrannt, tr. and intr., to burn, blaze, take fire. bag Srett, -(e)g, -er, board, plank. brettern 15 brettern, adj., (made) of boards, wooden. her SBrtef, -(e)g, -e, letter, (brief). bringen, brarfjte, fi,at gebradji, tr., to bring ; bag efprftdj auf ettoag brtngen, to turn the conversation to. ber SBrion, -g, family name, Brion, a pastor at Sesenheim, whom Goethe learned to know while a student at Strassburg. bag S3rot, -(e)g, -e, bread, loaf. bag 33rurf)fturf, -(e)g, -e, frag- ment, piece. ber Sruber, -g, ff , brother. briiflen, inir. (faben), to bellow, low. ber SBrunncn, -g, -, well, foun- tain, spring. bie Sruft, -, "e, breast, bosom. briiren, inir. (fjaben), to brood, sit moping. bag SBwfc, -(e), "er, book. bie Sllff, -, family name, Charlotte Buff, a girl whom Goethe met while practicing law at Wetzlar. bie SBiif)tte, -, -n, stage. ber Sunb, -(e)g, "e, alliance, union, bond, contract. bag Siinbcl, -g, -, bundle. bag Siinbcldjcn, -g -, dim., little bundle. bie SBiirbc, -, -n, burden, load. ber SBwflcmeifrcr, -g, -, = $B(ir= flermetfter, burgomaster, mayor. ber Surflcr, -g, -, citizen, burgher, bag S3iirgerflett)erb(e), -g, -c, trade or craft of a citizen, occupation of a townsman, ber S3urfd)(e), -en, -en, young fellow, boy, lad, apprentice. ber SBufefc,, -eg, "e, bush, ber S3ufen, -g, -, bosom, breast ; tm innerften S3ufen, in the depth of one's heart, biiften, tr. (fjaben), to suffer for, pay for, atone for. bie Siifte, -, -n, bust, bie SBittte, -, -n, tub. G ber GS'for, -g, proper name, Julius Caesar (102-44 B.C.), famous Roman general, states- man, and writer; one of the most remarkable men of all time. bie Gofur', -, -en, caesura. bag Gb,ao3, -, chaos. ber OTbaraf'ter, -g, -(te'r)e, character, person. bie Gfiorlot'te, -g or -ng, proper name, Charlotte. bie Gijauffee' (French pron., sho-sa), -, -(e)n, highway, causeway, turnpike. ber Gljanffce'bau, -g, -ten, con- struction of a highway. bie GJjrtfriane, -g or -ng, proper name, Christiane, Christine. ber-Gfirtftopt), -g, proper name, Christopher. (Harden 16 baS Gtortfjcn, -8, proper name, Clarchen, dim. of Clara, the heroine of Goethe's (Sgmont. bte Gornc'lia, -3 or -ens, proper name, Cornelia, Goethe's sister's name. corrigt'rett = forrigiercn, tr. (fyaben), to correct. ba, adv., there, here ; then, thereupon, in that case ; conj., while, when ; as, since, because ; also sep. pref. bag ad), -(e)3, "er, roof, attic ; 3)adj unb 3 a $/ house and home, shelter. bage'gen, adv., against it or them ; over against ; conj., in return, in reply ; on the contrary. bofter', adv., conj., and sep. pref., along, thence, from that place ; for this reason, hence, therefore, accordingly ; ac- cented ba'fjer if the demon- strative ba is stressed. baf)er'gefi,en f gtng bafyer, tft ba= fjergegangen, intr., to go or walk along, proceed. bafjer'fommen, fatn bah,er, ift bafjergefommen, intr., to come along. boftcr'ftetgen, ftieg bah,er, ift bab,er= gefttegen, intr., to climb or clamber along. baJ)cr'rreten, trat bafjer, ift baf)er= getreten, intr., to walk or move along. baf)cr'sief)ctt, gog baf)er, ift batjer= gejogen, intr., to move or draw along, proceed. baf)tlt', adv. and sep. pref., there, thither, along, away, to that place ; ba'fjtn unb bort'titn, hither and thither, back and forth ; bafjtn fein, to stretch along; accented ba'fytn if the demonstrative ba is stressed. baf)tn'faf)ren (fafrt bafytn), fufjr ba^tn, ift bal)ingefat)ren, intr., to drive or go along. baf)tn'geben (gibt bafyin), gab bafjtn, f>at ba^tngcgcbcn, tr., to give or hand over, deliver. baf)in'gef)cn, gtng bal)tn, ift ba()in= gegangen, intr., to pass away, be lost ; go or walk along. bafyin'Iebcn, sep. intr. ({jaben), to live on, pass one's life, live without thought for the mor- row. babjn'retHcn, rife bafyin, fyat baf)in= geriffen, tr., to tear away ; kill, carry away (by death). bab,tn'fetn, ar baf^tn, ift baftn= geroefen, intr., to pass, be gone, disappear, stretch along. boftin'trcibcn, trieb bafjtn, f>at bafjtngetrieben, tr., to drive there or thither. bafttj'Iifd), adj., dactylic. ber Xaf'ttjht^, -, S)aftp'Icn, dactyl. ba'malS, adv., at that time, then. bie Tame, -, -n, lady, dame. bamtt 17 bayimcrfcn bamtt', adv., thereby, therewith ; with it, that, or them, by it ; conj., so that, in order that. ber Xamm'roeg, -(e)8, -e, high- way, causeway, turnpike. banadj', adv., about or after it or that ; thereafter. bane'ben, adv., besides, at the same time ; near by, by it or them. bcr anf, -(e)3, thanks, grati- tude ; f)ab(e)t T>anf, be thanked, receive my thanks ; nut 2)anf, gratefully. bttnf&ar, adj., thankful, grate- ful ; fid) ban f bar fjalten, to be grateful. banfen, intr. (dat.) (fjaben), to thank, be grateful to. bann, adv., then, thereupon, afterwards. ber $onte, -3, proper name, Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), an Italian poet, author of the Divine Comedy, and one of the greatest writers of all time. baron', adv., thereon, therein, thereby, in, to, or by this, that, or it. barauf, adv., thereon, there- upon, upon it ; then, to that. baraitf'&ringen, bradjte barauf, f)at baraufgebradjt, tr., to put into the mind ; bring to the point. barin', adv., therein, in it, within. bar'ftetten, sep. tr. (fjaben), to represent, portray, exhibit. t n riilim, adv., over there, beyond. borii'ber, adv., thereover, upon it ; over, about, or concern- ing it or that. barwn' or bo'ritm, adv., there- fore, on that account ; about there. ber $arrt)tn, -3, proper name, Charles Darwin (1809-1882), the greatest English naturalist of the nineteenth century. bafel&ft', adv., = ba, there, in that very place. baft, conj., so that, in order that ; ntrf)t bafo, lest, that not. bo'ftefjen, ftanb ba, fjat bage= ftanben, intr., to stand there, be. bauern, intr. (fjaben), to last, continue ; = aitSbauern, to endure, persevere ; bauernb = auSbauernb, chronic, pro- longed. adv. and sep. pref., therefrom, thereof, of it or that ; away, off. c^en, jog bacon, tft ba- toongejogen, intr., to pass from sight, vanish, disappear, go away. basil', adv. and sep. pref., thereto, to or for it or that, furthermore. boju'tiigen, tr. (fjaben), to add (to). bosu'feijen, tr. (fjaben), to add to, set to. bap'roerfen (toirft baju), ttarf banrif(f)en 18 baju, h,at bagugeroorfen, tr., to throw to. fcn, a ^-> among, be- tween ; at intervals, in between. bie etfe, -, -n, cover, coverlet ; iBotlene 3)ecfe, blanket. berfcn, tr. (fjoben), to cover, furnish, set. bie etd)fel, -, -n, pole, shaft, thill, tongue. bdtt, possessive adj. and pron., thy, thine, your, yours. betnctrocgcn, adv., on your ac- count, for your sake. benfen, badjte, f)at a.ebacf)t, tr. and intr. (with gen., but more often an and ace.}, to think (of), have in mind ; = ge- benfen, to plan, expect ; = naojbenfen, to think over, re- flect ; benfen auf, to devise, direct one's thoughts to ; benfen iiber, to consider, think over ; remember, intend ; benfenb, absorbed in thought, thoughtful, sentient ; bet fidj felbft benfen, to think to one's self, make up one's mind ; refl., imagine. bcnn, adv., therefore, then ; conj., for, because, unless ; = ofyne, without. bcr (bie, bag), definite article, the ; demonstrative pron., this, that ; he, she, it ; relative pron., who, which, that ; compound rel. pron., he or she who. bercinft', adv., some day, here- after, sometime in the fu- ture ; once. berfcl'be (btefelbe, bagfelbe), de- monstrative pron. or adj., the same ; he, she, it, they. bc*'lia(b, adv., therefore, for that reason, on that account. bef'to, adv. (with comparative}, so much the (more). bcurfjtcn, tr., intr. (dat.}, or impersonal (fyaben), to seem, appear ; eg beucfjt nur or mid), it seems to me, methinks. bie 2) cute, -, -n, paper bag, cornucopia, horn of plenty. beuten, tr. or intr. (fjaben), to point to (auf), indicate ; presage ; explain, interpret. beutlirf), adj., clear, plain, dis- tinct, evident. bcittfd), adj., German ; as noun, ber, bie ^eiitfcfje, a German man or woman ; bag J)eutfcf)e, the German language. bag eittfcf)lanb, -g, proper name, Germany. bie et)i'fe, -, -n, device, motto. btrf)tcn, tr. (fjaben), to compose, write poetry ; as noun, bag !Dtdjten, -, composing poetry, composition. ber Xtd)tcr, -g, -, poet. ber tcf|tcrfiirft, -en, -en, prince of poets. bie ^icf)tung, -, -en, poetry, literature ; )td)tung unb 2BaI)rf)ett, Goethe's auto- biography, Poetry and Truth. bienen 19 bringen bicnen, intr. (dat.) (b.aben), to serve, wait on ; be useful to, aid ; as noun, ba8 SHenen, -9, service ; bienenb, by service, through serving. ber Wiener, -8, -, servant. ber tenft, -(e)8, -e, service. bie3 (-er, -e, -e8), adj. and pron., this, that, the latter ; plu., these. bieSmal, adv., this time. bag Xing, -(e)8, -e, thing. bingen, bang, fjat gebungen, or reg., tr., to hire. ber tref 'tor, -8, -en, director. ber ittan, -8, divan ; SBeftdft* ticker )ioan, a collection of Goethe's poems. bod), conj., yet, however, but, nevertheless ; adv., indeed, really, no doubt, surely, though, after all ; at length, in any event ; I suppose, I declare, why indeed ; with imperative, do, pray ; after negative questions, yes, but I do ; bod) eben, really ; bod) Wot)!, surely, no doubt. ba8 ogma, -8, -men, dogma, principle. ber Conner, -8, -, thunder. bonnern, intr. (fyaben), to thunder. boppelt, adj., double, twice, two- fold. ba8 orf, -(e)8, a er, village. bte 0rotf)e'a, -8, -en8, proper name, Dorothe'a, Dorothy. bort, adv., there, yonder. bortftin', adv., that way, thither, to that place ; ba'fn'n unb bort'fn'n, hither and thither ; fjier'fjin unb bort'fytn, this way and that. ber rad)e, -n, -n, dragon. ba8 $rama, -8, -(m)en, drama. ber Sramattfer, -8, -, dramatist. bran = baran. ber rang, -(e)8, pressure, ur- gency, impulse, impetus, throng. bra'ngcn, tr. (Ijaben), to crowd, throng, push ; refl., press, be compressed ; force one's way, follow swiftly ; brang= enb, surging, pressing on ; in jenen brangenben Jagen, strenu- ous, stirring days. bran'f)olten (fjalt bran), fn'elt bran, tjat brangefjalten, intr., to press on, push forward ; attend to. br alien, intr. (fjaben), archaic for broken, to threaten. brauf = barauf. brauften, adv., outside, out-of- doors, without, out there. bret, num., three. breimal, adv., three times, thrice. ber Xteiiinbad)t5tger, -8, inde- clinable adj. as noun, wine of the year (17)83. breiunbarfitsigft (-er, -e, -e), num. adj., eighty-third. brtn = bar in. bringen, brang, ift gebrungen, intr., to force, crowd through, penetrate, press ; tr* (fjaben), = brttngen, to urge, compel, britt 20 biirfcn constrain ; bringenb, press- ing, urgent. brttt (-er, -e, -e8), num. adj., third ; as noun, ber Xritte, the third. brittcnmal, adv. (with jiim), for the third time. broken, tr. and intr. (dat.) (fyaben), to threaten ; be about to, be on the point of. briibcn, adv., over there, yonder. ber Xrurf, -(e)g, -e, burden, weight, pressure. briirfcn, tr. (fyaben), to press, press upon (auf), clasp ; af- flict ; briicfenb, pressing, heavy. brum = barurrt. bu t familiar personal pron. sing., thou, you. bitlben, tr. (fyaben), to suffer, en- dure, tolerate ; refl., be patient, indulgent. bunfd, adj., dark, obscure ; unknown, uncertain, con- fused. bag Xunfcf, -8, shade, gloom, darkness. bunfeltt, intr. (fjaben), to grow dark. biinfcn, tr. and intr., impersonal (fjaben), to seem, appear ; eg biinft tntdb,, it seems to me, methinks. burnt, adj., thin. buref), prep, (ace.}, sep. and insep. pref., by, through, by means of, because of ; adv., = fytniSurdj, throughout, com- pletely ; quer burd), across. adv., absolutely, throughout ; all over. burtf)brtng'en, burcfybrang, fjat burcf)brungen, tr., to fill with, imbue, permeate, penetrate ; biirdjbrungen, imbued (with), permeated. burdjcinan'bcr, adv., promiscu- ously, pell-mell, helter- skelter, in disorder. biirrf)te'ben, insep. tr. (fjaben), to live through, experience. burrfj'rottcn, scp. tr. (f)aben), to roll through. bitrtf)^ = burc^ ba. burd)fcf)au'en, insep. tr. (^aben), to look through or over, re- view, survey. burd)'fd)ltngcn, fcf)Iang burcf), ^at burcf)gef(^fungen, tr., to sling, wind, or twist through. burrf)ftf)rei'tcn, burdjfrftntt, fjat burc^f^rttten, tr., to go or walk through ; as noun, bte XmroMdJrettenben, those walk- ing through. burtJ)'fiben, fajj burd^, fjat bur<^= gefeffen, intr., to sit through. bitrdn'u'djen, insep. tr. (baben), to search or seek through. burd)ttm'ten, insep. tr. (baben), (with glei^) to wade directly through. burrf)'tcf)en, jog burcf), b,at bur(f)= gejogen, tr., to draw through ; pass or march through. biirfen (barf), burfte, b,at geburft, intr. and modal auxiliary, may, be permitted, have a right, dare. biirftig 21 einbriirfen bitrftig, adj., scanty, needy, poor ; adv., sparingly, meagerly ; as noun, bcr 3)iirftige, the needy ; ber >iirftia.fte, the most needy. eben, adj., even, level, smooth ; adv., just now ; just, pre- cisely ; eben erft, only just now, lately ; bod) eben, really ; eben miiffen, to simply have to. ebenberfel'de (-biefelbe, -bagfelbe), demonstrative pron. or adj., the very same. efoenfo, adv., just so, the same way. ebcnfotocntg, adv., just as little. bag Grf)0, -g, -g, echo. ecf)t, adj., genuine, proper, cor- rect, real, true. bte (frfc, -, -n, edge, corner. ebel (ebler, ebelft), adj., noble ; as noun, ber Gble, nobleman, trie noble-hearted man, no- bility ; bag Gble, noble deeds or actions. ber (gmont, -g, proper name, Egmont, title and hero of one of Goethe 1 s dramas. ef)(e), conj., before, ere ; adv., formerly. bte C*f)C, -, -n, marriage. ber (jf)(e)mamt, -(e)g, "er or -leute, husband, married man. bag (JI)(e)paar, -(e)g, -e, married couple, husband and wife. efyer, comparative adv. (elje), sooner, rather, (ere). efyern, adj., brazen, hard, un- feeling. bte Grfjte, -, -n, honor. eljren, tr. (l)aben), to honor, respect, revere ; celebrate. bag (Hrgefiifjl, -g, -e, sense of honor, ambition, pride. eftrttmrbig, adj., worthy of honor, venerable. Ct, interjection, ah ! indeed ! et bod), why of course ; yes indeed ; ay, to be sure. Ctfrig, adj., ardent, eager, zeal- ous, earnest. eigcn, adj., own, peculiar, proper, special ; eigener (un- usual), more one's own-. ber (Hgenmt^, -eg, self-interest, selfishness. etgcnniibig, adj., selfish, self- seeking. bte tie, -, hurry, haste. cilcn, intr. (fein or fjaben), to hurry, hasten ; Qrile mit SBeile, hasten slowly ; etlenb, speedy, quick, urgent. eiltg, adj., quick, urgent, hurried, swift. cin, eine, indefinite article, a, an ; num., one ; pron., enter, erne, ein(e)g, one. ein-, sep. pref., in, into. ctnan'ber, indeclinable reciprocal pron., one another, each other. cin'brurfen, sep. tr. (Ijoben), to press into. ctnfacii 22 C-tnpfang etnfacfi, adj., simple, plain. etn'faflen (faftt ein), fid em, ift etngefallen, intr., to fall in ; break in, interrupt, occur. bie (Hnfalt, -, simplicity. ber Ginfluft, -(ff)e, "(ff)e, in- fluence. einfyer'siefjettf jog einfyer, ift etn= fyergegogen, intr., to move or travel along, go about. etnig, adj., in union, united, agreed. einige, adj. and pron. (plu.), some, several, a few. bie (vinlabung, -, -en, invitation. dn'Ioffcn (Idfet ein), lie ft ein, fjat eingelaffen, tr., to let in, admit. bie Gtnleitung, -, -en, introduc- tion. etn'mal, adv., one time, once ; etnmal', sometime, it is true ; auf etnmal, suddenly, all at once ; einmal fiir aflemal, once for all ; nocf) etnmal, once more. etn'nefymcn (nimntt ein), nafjm ein, fyat etngenommen, tr., to receive, take in. cin'pragen, sep. tr. (I)aben), to impress, stamp ; re/7., to be imprinted. cinfam, adj., alone, solitary, lonely, forsaken. dn'fd)Iagen (Wagt ein), fajlug ein, Ijat eingefc^tagen, tr., to strike in ; intr., to shake hands (to bind a contract). etn'fcftcn (ftef)t ein), faf) ein, fat eingefe^en, intr., to look into ; tr., to see into, recognize, appreciate, understand, ad- mit. ein'ftbcn, fafe ein, fyat etngefeffen, intr., = ][<$ etnfetjen, to take one's seat, enter a carriage. ber (Jinfprud), -(e)3, "e, objec- tion, protest. cinft, adv., once, formerly, in former days ; at a future time, some day. ein'tretcn (tritt ein), trat ein, ift eingetreten, intr., to step in, appear, enter. ber OHntrttt, -(c)3, -c, entrance. ctmmbjttmnjig, num., twenty- one. bie OHnnrirfung, -, -en, effect. cinjeln, adj., separate, single ; individual ; as noun, ber Crinjelne, the individual ; adv., in individual cases, in detail. einjifl, adj., sole, only. ein.yqflcticbt, part, adj., only- beloved. bag CHrunb, -g, oval. ettcl, adj., vain, frivolous. bie (Heflte', -, -(e)n, elegy ; 9fomif(^e Stegten, Roman Elegies, a group of Goethe's poems. ba8 (Hettb, -8, distress, misery ; exile. elrerltd), adj., parental, as parents. bie (Htern, plu., parents. emp-, insep. unaccented prefix. ber (Jmpfang', -(e), "e, recep- tion. empfangen 23 entgegenfteHen empfang'cn (empftingt), empfing, bat empfangen, tr., to receive, welcome. etnpf eft/ten (empftehjlt), empfafyl, b,at empfofjlen, tr., to recom- mend ; inculcate, cultivate. empftn'ben, etnpfanb, fyat emp= funben, tr. and intr., to feel ; perceive, hear, be sensible of. empftnb'ltrf), adj., sensitive ; painful, disagreeable, source of irritation ; easily offended, touchy, impressionable. empor'-, sep. accented pref., up, upward. etnpor'b,alten (fyalt entpor), fjiett empor, b,at emporgefyalten, tr., to hold up, support, sustain. empor'fdjlagen (frfifagt empor), f(f)Iug empor, tft emporgefdjlagen, intr., to leap up, shoot up. etnftg, adj., eager, earnest, dili- gent, active, busy. ba8 Gnbe, -8, -n, end, limit ; au8 alien Ghtben, from all sides ; Don alien Often unb (Snben, from all directions. cnben, tr. and intr. (fjoben), to end, finish. enbtgen, tr. (fiaben), to end, conclude. cnb(ttf), adj., final, last ; adv., finally, at last, after all. ber Ofngcl, -8, -, angel. engltfcf), adj., English ; as noun, ba gngttfc^e, the English language. ent-, insep. pref. not accented. tf intr. (gen.), more often tr. (ace.), ({jaben), to miss, lack ; do without, be destitute of. entbef)r'lid), adj., superfluous, unnecessary, dispensable ; as noun, bag @ntbef)rli(f)e, some- thing to spare, what can be spared. entbeef'en, tr. (tjaben), to dis- cover, find out ; disclose, reveal. cntfcr'ncn, refl. (fjaben), to go away, withdraw, absent one's self ; tr., to remove, put away, separate ; entfernt, remote, distant, separated. entfttc'ljen, entflof), tft entflofyen, intr., to run away, flee, es- cape (by flight). entgc'gcn, prep. (dat. preceding), adv., and sep. pref., to, towards, to meet ; at, against. entge'gengefyen, gtng entgegen, tft entgegengegangen, intr. (dat.), to go to meet, go towards. entge'genfommen, font entgegen, tft entgegengefommen, intr. (dat.), to come towards. entgc'gcnncigcn, sep. intr. (dat.) (fyaben), to bow to meet, bend towards. faaiiett, sep. intr. (dat.) (fjaben), to look towards ; gaze at, scrutinize. entge'genfreHen, tr. (dat.) (baben), to place against ; refl., op- pose. 24 entpnben entgc'fccn, entgtng, ift entgangen, intr. (dat.), to escape. cntftiil'kn, tr. (faben), to dis- close, reveal (the character of). entlorf'en, tr. (faben), to elicit, draw from (dat.). cntrat'feht, tr. (faben), to un- ravel ; decipher, interpret. entrei'feen, entrtfe, fat entrtffen, tr., to tear or snatch away from (dat.) ; refl., escape from (dat.). entrin'ncn, entrann, tft entronnen, intr., to escape ; entronnen, escaped from (dat.). entruften, tr. (faben), to pro- voke, anger ; rejl., become indignant ; entriiftet, indig- nant, angry, provoked. cntfdjci'ben, entfd)teb, fat ent= fdn'eben, tr. and refl., to decide, determine, make up one's mind ; entfcfjeibenb, decisive (ly) ; entfd)ieben, de- cided, determined, resolved upon. bte 6ntf(f)ei'bung f -, -en, deci- sion, determination. entftftic'ben, part. adj. (ent= fc^eiben), decided, determined, resolved upon. cntfrfiHe'Ren, entfc^Iofe, fat ent= f(f)Ioffen, tr., to unlock ; refl., decide, make up one's mind; as noun, ba Sntfcfjliefeen, -3, decision, resolution ; ent= fd)Ioffen, decided, with mind made up. bie (*ntfef)lic'feung, -, -en, deci- sion, resolution. cntjdjlof'fcn, part. adj. (ent= fcf)Itefeen), resolute, deter- mined, with mind made up. ber (hUfdjIufe', -(fOe^ B (f|)e, decision, resolution. cntfrfjul'btgcn, tr. (faben), to ex- cuse ; exempt (from military duty). bag frntfcb'cn, -3, terror, horror. entfefe'(id), adj., terrible, awful, horrible. entfte'fjen, entftanb, ift entftanben, intr., to arise, begin, ensue, originate. cntftiir'aov intr. (dat.) (fein), to fall from, gush from. cntnmdj'fcn (entmac^ft), enttDud^S, ift enttoadjfen, intr. (dat.), to grow from ; outgrow. cnttt)ci'djcn f entfticf), ift entnridjen, intr. (dat.), to (make one's) escape from ; vanish from, disappear. entttrirf'cltt, tr. and refl. (faben), to unfold, develop, grow into. bte G-nttturf' (c)lung, -, -en, un- folding, development, dis- entanglement. entjic'tjcn, entjog, fat entjogen, tr. and refl. (dat.), to with- draw from, take away ; de- prive one's self of. cntjurf'cn, tr. (faben), to charm, delight, enchant. cntjiin'bcn, intr. (faben), to kindle, inflame, arouse. (Jpigramm 25 bag (fptgratnm', -(e)8, -e, epi- gram ; 3$enetiamfcf)e (Spt= gramme, Venetian Epigrams, a collection of Goethe's poems. ber (J'ptfer, -3, -, epic writer or poet. c'pifrf), ad/., epic. ba (Fpo3, -, Gpen, epic poem. er, personal pron., he, it ; Sr, z' address, you. er-, insep. pref., unaccented. bie (fta'to, -, proper name, Erato, the Muse of love poetry. bag Grbe, -3, inheritance. crbett, tr. (fjaben), to inherit. erbit'ten, erbat, fjat erbeten, tr., to ask for, solicit, obtain by asking. erbltcf'ett, tr. (fjaben), to catch sight of, discover ; see, perceive. bie Chrbe, -, -n, earth, ground, soil ; auf (Srben, on earth, in this world. erd'Ien, tr. (fyaben), to overtake, come up with ; get by haste, hurry on. erfof)'ren (erfcifjrt), erfufjr, fat erfafyren, tr., to experience, learn (by experience) ; find out, hear ; erfafjren, expe- rienced, skillful. bie Ofrfafy'rung, -/ -", expe- rience. erforfdjcn, tr. (faben), to dis- cover ; investigate, search into. crforfdjlid), adj., explorable ; as noun, bag @rforfcf)Iicf)e, what can be investigated. crfrcu'cn, tr. (faben), to favor, delight, gladden ; refl. (gen.), to take pleasure in, enjoy. erfrcu'ltd), adj., agreeable, pleas- ing, gratifying. erfiil'Ien, tr. (Ijaben), to fill, im- bue ; accomplish, perform, fulfill. bie ftrful'tung, -, -en, realization, fulfillment. ergo^'cn, tr. (f)aben), to please, entertain, delight ; refl., to amuse one's self. crgrei'fen, ergriff, fjat ergriffen, tr., to seize, take hold of ; take up, adopt ; ergriffen, seized, tossed, buffeted. erfyo'ben, part. adj. (obsolete participle of erf)eben), sublime, lofty, grand. erfjal'ten (erfjalt), erfu'elt, fjat er= fjalten, tr., to keep, preserve, maintain, keep up ; receive ; = befjalten, to save, retain ; bag Ceben erfyalten, to come out alive. erfje'ben, erfyob, fat erh,oben, tr., to raise, elevate, exalt, up- lift ; refl., rise, grow exultant. erf)et'tcrn r tr. ((jaben), to cheer, gladden, enliven. erb,ii?'en, tr. (b,aben), to heat, inflame ; erfn'ijt, heated, in- flamed, angered. erfio'bcn, part. adj. (erfjeben), raised, elevated, exalted. crfjo'ften, tr. (Ijaben), to heighten, elevate, increase ; erb.oh,t, elevated, exalted, increased. crtnnern 26 emirfien erin'ncrn, tr. (fjaben), to remind ; refl. (gen. or an with ace.), recall, remember. bie Cmn'n(e)rung, -, -en, re- membrance, recollection, memory. erfen'nen, erfannte, fjat erfannt, tr., to recognize, distinguish, see, know, discern ; admit, acknowledge, be grateful for ; c lafet ftdj erfennen, it can be seen. erflfi'ren, tr. (fjaben), to explain ; reft., to state, declare, avow, confess, explain one's self. bie (rfla'rung, -, -en, explana- tion, declaration. erfttng'en, erftang, fjat erflungen, intr., to sound forth, ring out, resound. erfo'ren, part. adj. (erftiren), chosen, selected. erfun'btgen, refl. (fjaben), to in- quire, inform one's self, make inquiries. crlann/en, tr. (fjaben), to attain, acquire, reach, procure. erle'ben, tr. (fjaben), to expe- rience, live to see, live through. ertei'ben, erlitt, fjat erlttten, tr., to suffer, endure. erlte'gett, erlag, tft erlegen, intr., to succumb, yield to, sink under. bie CFrlbfung, -, -en, release, deliverance, salvation. crmor'bcn, tr. (fjaben), to murder, kill. ermii'ben, tr. (fjaben), to tire, weary, exhaust ; ermiibenb, wearisome, tiring. ernfih/ren, tr. (fjaben), to nourish, support, feed ; refl., support one's self. erncu'en, tr. (fyaben), = erneuern, to renew, repair, renovate ; emeut, renewed, made new. crneu'ertt, tr. (b,aben), to renew, repair, renovate ; repeat ; revive, recall ; emeuert, ren- ovated, repaired. ber Gtnft, -e3, earnestness, se- riousness ; mit Srnft, ear- nestly. ernft, adj., earnest, serious, grave, solemn. ernftfjaft, adj., earnest, serious, grave. crnftluf), adj., earnest, serious. bie Grnte, -, -n, crop, harvest. crbff'nen, tr. (fjaben), to open. crpro'ben, tr. (fjaben), to try, test, find to be true ; er= prob(e)t, true to test, valid. erauicf'en, tr. (fjaben), to re- fresh, cheer up ; as noun, bie Grautcften, those refreshed. erauirf' lid), adj., refreshing. bie Grquitf'ung, -, -en, refresh- ment. erre'gen, tr. (fjaben), to arouse, excite, provoke. crretcfi'bar, adj., attainable, within reach. errei'djen, tr. (fjaben), to reach, attain, arrive at ; overtake ; reach up to, equal in height. Grrettcr 27 ber OFmt'ter, -3, -, savior, de- liverer, rescuer. erfefiaf'fen, erfcfjuf, fjat erfcfjaffen, tr., to create. crfcf)et'nen, erfcfjien, ift erfdnenen, intr., to seem, appear ; come to pass, happen. trie (frfrf)ci'nung, -, -en, appear- ance, manifestation, realiza- tion. erftfircrf'en, tr. (fyaben), to terrify, frighten, startle. bte (rfcf)ut't(c)rung, -, -en, agi- tation, excitement ; con- vulsion, upheaval. crfe'fien (erfiefyt), erfaf), b,at er= fefyen, refl., to select, choose, pick out ; tr., perceive. erfeh/nen, tr. (fjaben), to desire, long for. erfe^'cn, tr. (haben), to repair, make good, make amends for. crft (-er, -e, -e), num. adj., first, chief ; = eben erft, only just now, lately ; = juerft, at first ; erft fjeute, not until to-day ; erft red)t, more than ever before, rightly ; nur fpat erft, not until late ; ba erft, not until then. erftau'nen, intr. (fetn), to be sur- prised, marvel at (ilber), be astonished. erftei'gcn, erftteg, I>at erfttegen, tr., to climb up, ascend, surmount. erfttrf'en, tr. (faben), to stifle, choke, suffocate ; erfticft, choked, stifled. n, tr. (fjaben), to catch, detect, surprise. ertra'gen (ertragt), ertrug, I)ot ertragen, tr., to bear, endure, tolerate, support. eritmcfi'fen (ertt>ftcf)ft), erwud), ift ertca(f)fen, intr., to develop, grow up. ertoa'gcn, ertcog, f)at ertoogen, tr., to weigh, consider, pon- der. erhwfj'Ien, tr. (fjaben), to choose, select, elect ; ertt)Sf)lt, chosen. errt>of)'nen, tr. (gen.) (tjaben), to mention. erwar'tcn, tr. (f)aben), to expect, await, wait for, look forward to. bie Grrtwr'tung, -, -en, expec- tation, anticipation. ertoerf'en, tr. (fjaben), to awaken, arouse. ernw'djen, fr - (fyaben), to soften ; move, touch ; ertt)etaben), = befliigeht, to fit with wings ; gefliigelt, winged. bie j^Iur, -, -en, meadow. ber fthife, (ff)e, "(ff)e, river. bie ?Jlut, -, -en, flood, waters ; waves, tide. bag 8fol)Ien, -g, -, colt, foal. fofgen, intr. (dot.) (fein), to follow ; as noun, ber gol= genbe, the one following ; bag ^olgenbe, the consequences. bie 3r0rb(e)ruttg, -, -en, demand ; charge, price asked, cost, expense. bie tyorm, -, -en, form, figure. formen, tr. (fyaben), = btlben, to form, mold, fashion. ber j$forfd)er, -g, -, inquirer, in- vestigator, searcher. ber &orft, -(e)g, -e, forest. fort, adv. and sep. accented pref., forth, off, away ; fort unb fort, on and on. forton', adv., hereafter, hence- forth, in the future. fort'bliifjen, sep. intr. (b.aben), to continue to bloom. fort'bauern, sep. intr. (fjaben), to last, keep on, continue. fort'fatyren (fdfjrt fort), fubr fort, ift fortgefatjren, intr., to drive away, depart ; (fyaben), pro- ceed, continue. fort'fitfjreit, sep. tr. (f>aben), to carry away or off. fort'gefjcn, ging fort, ift fort= gegangen, intr., to go away ; proceed, go on. fort'leiren, sep. tr. (Ijaben), to lead forth, guide, conduct ; transmit, carry on. fortfdjttfen 31 freunbltcf) fort'frf)tcfen, sep. tr. (haben), to send away, dispatch. fort'fd)leppen, sep. tr. (fyaben), to drag forth or away. ber 8-ortfctyritt, -(e), -e, pro- gress, advance. bte g-ortfefeung, -, -en, continua- tion. fort'fpredien (fprtdjt fort), fpradj fort, f)at f or tgef proven, intr., to continue speaking. fort'tragen (triigt fort), trug fort, f)at fortgetragen, tr., to carry forth or off. fort'ltJoCen (tt>ifl fort), tooflte fort, fyat fortgemollt, intr. (with verb of motion understood), to wish to leave or go. fort'siefien, jog fort, tft fort= gesogen, intr., to move away ; continue on one's way ; de- part. bte {frttflC, -/ ~ n / question, in- quiry. fragen (preterit fragte or frug), tr. and intr. (fjaben), to ask, question, inquire about (urn). ber Jrairfe, ~ n > ~ n / Frank ; = granjofe, Frenchman. btt8 ftranfflirt, -9, proper name, Frankfort - on - the - Main, a Prussian city in western Ger- many, Goethe's birthplace. bag ^-nHifrcidJf ~*> proper name, France. -n, -n, Frenchman. adj., French ; as noun, ba8 granjoftfdje, the French language. bte Jvrau, -, -en, woman, wife, lady ; mistress, Mrs. fret, adj., free, frank, candid, independent ; as noun, ber greie, freeman ; im greten, out-of-doors, in the open ; adv., freely, openly, frankly, voluntarily, freien, tr. and intr. (fyaben), to woo, court, sue for, marry, ber 3toier3mann, -(e)8, a er, wooer ; suitor for another, go-between, bte gftdljrit, -, -en, freedom, liberty. freUtrf), adv., certainly, indeed, to be sure, of course, it is true, fremb, adj. (dat.), foreign, strange, unfamiliar, unac- customed to ; another's; as noun, ber, bie grembe, foreigner, stranger ; guest, ber gfrembttng, -3, -e, stranger, foreigner, bte 5rcuJ>c -/ ~ n > J o y> pleasure, gladness, mirth ; mit greuben, joyfully, freitbtg, adj., joyful, glad ; adv., with pleasure. frcuen, tr. (f>aben), to make glad ; refl., to enjoy, rejoice, be happy ; take pleasure in (gen.) ber 3-reunb, -(e), -e, friend (man), bte Srreunbtn, -, -(tn)nen, friend (woman). freunbltdj, adj., friendly, kind, pleasant, cheerful, courteous. JvrcHitMtrtjfcir 32 fitrd)tcn bte 3rteunbli(f)fett, -, -en, friend- liness, kindness. bte 3reunbfd)aft, -, -en, friendship. freelf)aft, adj., wicked, atro- cious, outrageous. ber j5ricbc(n), -n8, -n, peace. bte ftriebertfe, -8 or -n3, proper name, Frederica Brion (1752- 1813), one of the most famous of Goethe's sweethearts, the daughter of a pastor at Sesenheim. See Brion. friebltrf), adj., quiet, peaceful, peaceable. ber gfriebrtcty, -*/ Proper name, Frederick. frifdj, adj., fresh, cool, brisk, quick, lively ; adv. and interj., Come ! Cheer up ! ba 8-rifd)flenjagte, -n, -n, (adj. as noun), that which is courageously ventured. frifte'ren, tr. (fcoben), to dress the hair ; rtar frtftert, with my hair dressed. frof), adj., glad, cheerful, happy, joyous. frijf|lteij, adj., gay, cheerful, joyful, merry. bie ^roftnorur, -, -en, happy disposition. ber ftrrotyfinn, -(e)8, good humor, gaiety, cheerful disposition, light-mindedness. fromtn, adj., pious, religious ; good ; as noun, ber gromme, the good man. bte 3rrud)t, -, "e, fruit ; crop, product ; = etretbe, grain. frit(f)tbar, adj., fruitful, fertile. fri$(e), adj., early, formerly ; friif) oerloren, died young ; comparative, friifyer, earlier, former ; adv., in former times. ber JyriUiltnci, -8, -e, spring. bte 5"flC> -, -n, joint. fugcn, tr. (f>aben), to join, unite, put together. fitJJIen, tr. (tjaben), to feel, per- ceive ; refl., to be conscious of. fitftrcn, tr. (fjaben), to carry, bear, wield ; bring ; lead, guide ; manage, conduct ; as noun, baS giifyren, -, conduct, bearing. ber giifirer, -8, -, guide, leader ; driver. baS (Ju^rttcrf, -8, -e, carriage, wagon, vehicle. bie Jviillc, -, plentj r , abundance (fullness). fiitten, tr. (foaben), to fill. ber Snb, -(e)8, "e, find, dis- covery. fiinf, num., five. fiinft (-er, -e, -e), num. adj., fifth. fitnfunbjftmnjtg, num., twenty- five. fiinfjig, num., = fiinf gig, fifty. fiir, prep, (ace.), for, on account of, in return for ; pron., ttJdS fiir, what, what kind of a. bte jjtird)!, -, (fright), fear, dread, apprehension. fiird)ten, tr. and refl. (fyaben), to fear, be afraid of (Dor). fiirrtitcrlicli 33 Oieber fiirdjterlirf), adj., frightful, dread- ful, terrible. ber ftiirft, -en, -en, prince. bie jjiirftengruft, -, c e, prince's tomb, grave, or mausoleum. fitrttmfir', adv., forsooth, in truth, indeed. ber &ufe, -eg, "e, foot ; leg, limb ; = Jifcijbcin, table leg. ber ^ufcpfab, -(e)g, -e, footpath. ber ftuhtoeQ, -(e)g, -e, footpath (footway). fiittern, tr. (Ijaben), to line, face. OJ bie obe, -, -n, gift, alms ; talent, endowment ; = SOW* gabe, dowry, marriage portion. bie (Mabel, -, -n, fork ; = ^eugabel, pitchfork, hay fork. gaff en, intr. (fyaben), to stare, gape, stand gazing at. ber (Sang, -(e)g, "e, way, walk, course. ber SnfeftaH, -(e)g, E e, goose- pen or coop. ganj, adj., all, entire, whole ; adv., wholly, quite, entirely, very ; tm ganjen beleben, to be the life and soul of ; gum cmjen, for the common good ; as noun, bag Cftanje, the whole, the whole affair. gar, adv., quite, entirely, fully, very ; even, also ; ready ; with a negative, not at all ; gar balb, very soon; gar oft, very often ; gar many a thing ; gar ju, too far, altogether too much. bie arbe, -, -n, sheaf. bie orntfon, -, -en, garrison. ber (Batten, -g, a , garden. bag Wartcnljaiii?, -eg, "er, garden or summer house. gartenumgebcn, part, adj., sur- rounded by a garden. bie affe, -, -n, (narrow) street, lane, alley. ber aft, -(e)g, "e, guest. ber aftfcof, -(c), "e, hotel, inn. ber atte, -n, -n, husband. bie atttn, -, -(in)nen, wife. ge-, insep. pref., unaccented ; the sign of the perfect participle. ba* 6Jebalf'(e), -(e)S, -t, frame- work, beams, timberwork. bie ebar'be, -, -n, look, bear- ing, gesture. gebfi'ren (gebtert), gebar, I>at geboren, tr., to bear ; give birth to ; ruftig geboren, strong by birth or nature. bag (SJebau'be, -g, -, building, structure, house ; estab- lished institution. bag ebein', -(e)g, -e, bones ; limbs. bag ebel'fer, -g, barking, yelp- ing. gcben (gibt), gab, bat gegeben, tr., to give ; = angeben, to indicate, point out ; recf)t geben, to concede or grant that one is right ; as noun, bag eben, -g, giving. ber ebcr, -g, -, giver, donor. GJcbict 34 gcfliiditet ba ebtet', -(e), -e, field, province, territory. gebte'ten, gebot, fjat geboten, tr., to bid, command ; govern, control (dat.) ; gebtetenb, authoritatively, ber ebie'ter, -3, -, master, ruler, gebtl'bet, part. adj. (bilben), educated, refined, cultivated, bag QJebir'g(e), -(e)g, -e, moun- tain (range), bag OJebife', -(ff)rt, -(ff)c, bit, bridle, gcblen'bet, part. adj. (blenben), blinded, dazzled. gebotynt', part. adj. (botnten), polished. gebo'ren, part. adj. (gebaren), born, by birth, gebor'gen, part. adj. (bergen), safe, provided for. ber ebrourf)', -(e)g, "e, custom, usage ; use, purpose. gebrou'djen, tr. (t)aben), to use, make use of. bag ebret'te, -(e)3, -, broad field, expanse of land, bie @eburt', -, -en, birth, family, descent, bag ebiifdj', -e8, -, bushes, thicket, copse. ba at ge= fatten, intr. (dat.), to please ; gefatten lafl'en, to be satisfied. gefa'CIig, adj., pleasant, agree- able ; gefftlttg fc^met^eln, to pay pleasing compliments. bie efa'I'Ugfett, -, -en, kind- ness, courtesy, pleasing man- ners. bag efaf', -(ff)eg, -(ff)e, vessel, jar, container. gefapt', part. adj. (faffen), = eingefafet, inclosed, sur- rounded. gefliicfi'tet, part. adj. (ftiidjten), saved (by flight). gefliigelt 35 elb geflit'gelt, part. adj. (fliigeln), winged ; quickly spoken. gefiigt', part. adj. (fligen), built, put together, matched. bag (SJefiW, -(e)g, -e, feeling, emotion ; tenderness, senti- ment. gefiWloS, adj., hard-hearted, unfeeling, cruel. gefitfjrt', part. adj. (fiifjren), led. gefun'ben, part. adj. (ftnben), found. gefiit'tert, part. adj. (fiittern), lined, faced. gegcn, prep, (ace.), towards ; against, contrary to ; in comparison with. tie egenb, -, -en, region, dis- trict, neighborhood, country. gegenetnon'ber, adv., against, to- ward, to, or opposite one another ; = etnanber gegen* ilber, over against, opposite. gegentoSr'tig, adj., present ; gegentoiirttgen etfteg, with presence of mind. gegbnnt', part. adj. (gonnen), granted, allotted, given. gefial'ten, part. adj. (fjatten), reserved, restrained ; sup- pressed. geijau'en, part. adj. (fyauen), mowed, hewn. bag Okfietnt'ntS, -(ff)e, -(ff)e, secret. gefyen, ging, ift gegangen, intr., to go, move, walk ; enter ; tior fief) gefyen, to take place ; as noun, bag efyen, -8, walk, going ; im e^en, as she walks, bag @et)bft', -, -c, farm, estate, farm buildings. gefyor'tfyen, intr. (dat.) ({>aben), to obey, be guided by. gefjo'ren, intr. (dat.) (fyaben), to belong to, be due to. bag eiplatt, -(e)g, "ev, wood- bine, honeysuckle, ber ctft, -(e)g, -er, spirit, intellect, soul, mind ; cour- age, intelligence ; gegen* rtiftrttgen eifteg, with presence of mind, ber etfterfontg, -g, -e, king of spirits, superman. gctftUd), adj., spiritual ; clerical, ecclesiastical ; as noun, ber eiftltdje (^err), pastor, clergyman. flciftrcid), adj., vivacious, clever, gefetyrt', part. adj. (fefyren), swept ; turned, bag eficfy'er, -g, -, giggle, tittering. gefratt'fett, part. adj. (fraufeln), curled, crimped, gela'ben, part. adj. (laben), loaded, piled, gclan'bet, part. adj. (lanben), landed, gelang'en, intr. (fern), to arrive at, reach, attain, gelaf'fen, part. adj. (laffen), calm, composed, tranquil ; resigned, patient, bag clb, -(e)g, -cr, money, coin. gdd)tt(e)t 36 gdd)'tt(e)t, part. adj. (lefjnen), open, ajar ; leaning. ber Glelefjr'te, -n, -n, learned man, scholar. gdd'tcn, tr. (fyaben), to escort, conduct, guide ; geleitet, managed, conducted. gelefcf; part. adj. (Idjen), re- freshed. gdiebt', part. adj. (Heben), be- loved ; as noun, ber, bie diebte, beloved one, sweet- heart, lover. gdtng'en, gelang, tft gelungen, intr., to succeed ; impersonal (dat.), be successful, turn out well, take effect. ba3 dtf'pd, -3, -, whispering. gdorft', part. adj. (lodfen), en- ticed, attracted, influenced. gdtift', part. adj. (lofen), loosened, unfastened. gelten (gilt), gait, fjat gegolten, intr., to be worth, be con- sidered valid, hold good. bag diib'be, -g, -, vow, promise. gcmadj'ltd), adj., easy, comfort- able, pleasant. ber 6Jemof)f , -(e)8, -e, husband. gema'R', adj., adv., and prep, (dat.}, fitting, suitable; ac- cording to, in accordance with, suited to. gemcttt', adj., common, mean, low, vulgar ; gemeine e= fdn'cfjte, profane history ; = gemetnfdjaftlidj (dat.), common to, shared alike by. bie (yemdn'(b)e, -, -n, com- munity ; parish, congrega- tion. bag OJcmii't(e), -(e)g, -er, mind, soul, heart, feelings, disposi- tion. genait', adj., accurate, exact, precise, strict. gendgt', part. adj. (neigen), in- clined, disposed, favorable to. genie'fjen, genoR, b,at genoffen, tr., to enjoy ; use, employ ; have the benefit of (gen.). genug', adv., indeclinable adj. or noun, enough ; genug tun (dat.), to satisfy, please. genii'gcn, intr. (fjaben), to satisfy, suffice, be enough. gemig'fam, adj., contented, easily satisfied, sober, frugal. geoff'nd, part. adj. (offnen), opened ; with the top down. bie QJeoIogte', -, geology. gepftottSt'f part. adj. (pftonjen), planted. gcptiinbcrt', part. adj. (pliinbern), plundered, robbed. gepiibt', part. adj. . (puljen), dressed up, in fine clothes. gequdfrf)t', part. adj. (quetfdjen), crushed, crowded, squeezed. g(e)ra'b(e), adj., straight, erect, direct, upright, practical ; adv., directly, straightway, just ; gerabe fyerauS, frankly, freely. bo GJerot', -(e), -e, tool, utensil, implement ; house- hold effects. geraten 37 gera'rett (gerat), genet, tft geraten, intr., to come, go ; succeed ; fall upon, hit upon ; iDofytn fie geraten, what had become of her, whither she had gone. gerou'mig, adj., broad, roomy, spacious. bag (yeraufd)', -eg, -e, noise, din. gered)t' f adj., just, right, right- eous. gcret'tet, part. adj. (retten), rescued, saved. gcring', adj., small, slight, in- significant, of little value ; as noun, bag ertngfte, the least. bic (SJerma'nia, -6 or -tens, proper name, Germania, Ger- many. flern(c), (Iteber, ant Itebften), adv., gladly, willingly, readily; with a verb, to like, enjoy doing ; ntdjt gerne, unwillingly, reluc- tantly. geriifjrt', part. adj. (rtifjren), touched, moved. gefam'melt, part. adj. (famnteln), gathered. ber (Mefonb'te, -n, -n, (adj. as noun), envoy, ambassador, messenger. ber QJcfong', -(e)g, "e, song, canto. bag efepft', -(e)g, "e, busi- ness, transaction, pursuit ; bargain ; auf efd)ftft = in efdjftften, on business ; e= fdjSfte, interests. gefctya'f'tig, -adj., employed, busy ; diligent, active ; officious, interfering. bag efcfyoft^Ieben, -g, business life. en (gefcf)ief)t), gefc^a{, tft gefc^e^en, intr., to happen, occur, come to pass ; eg tft nun gefdjefyen, it is all over ; as passive, be done, bag efaetif', -(e)g, -e, gift, present, bte efd)td)'te, -, -n, story, narrative ; history. gefrf)id)t'It(l), adj., historical, bag Okfcf)tcf'(e), -(e)g, -e, fate, lot, destiny. gefd)tof)nen), wonted, familiar, used, ac- customed to (ace. or gen.). bag ettJOl'be, -g, -, vault, arch, archway, cellar. getoblbt', part. adj. (rodlben), arched, rounded, curving. gettmnfdjt', part. adj. (tt>iinfcf)en), wished for, desired ; as noun, bag ett)iinfat gegltc^en, tr. and intr. (dat.), to be like, be equal, resemble ; make even, compare. gletcf)fatt, adv., likewise, also. gleufygeftmtt, part, adj., like- minded, congenial. bie IcicMett, -, equality. bag (e)Ieife, -S, -, track, rut. ba Iteb, -(e), -er, limb, member (of the body), joint. gltmmen, glomm, !jat geglommen (or reg.), intr., to glimmer, glow, burn faintly. bie torfc, -, -n, bell ; bie ftiirrrtenbe Iocfe, alarm bell. ber lodenfrfjlog, -(e), "e, stroke of the clock. bag liirf, -(e)$, luck, fortune, happiness ; success ; ouf liidf unb 3ufalt, at random, by luck and chance. gliufftd), adj., fortunate, lucky, happy, successful, prosper- ous ; without serious injury ; as noun, ber liicfltc&e, the successful, prosperous man. flliilieu 41 grof? gtiifjen, intr. (fyaben), to glow, be red. bte tut, -, -en, glow, bright- ness ; heat, flame, glowing fire. gndbig, adj., gracious, kind, merciful. ber oetb,e, -g, proper name, Goethe ; Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), Ger- many's greatest literary man; his father, Johann Kaspar Goethe. bag 0etb,eb,au3, -eg, "er, Goethe's house. goetf)tfd)en, proper adj., Goethe's, of Goethe. ba olb, -(e)g, gold. golbcn, adj., golden. ba olbfriicf, -(e)g, -e, gold piece, coin. gbnnen, lr. (f)aben), to grant, permit, concede, not grudge. flottfrf), adj., Gothic. ber ott, -(e)g, "er, God ; god. bag btterbilb, -(e)g, -er, image of God or of the gods. ber btterbtirf, -(e)g, -e, god- like look or glance. ber ottfrieb, -g, proper name, Godfrey. bte ottfjett, -, -en, godhead, deity. bie btttn, -, -(tn)nen, goddess. fliittlid), adj., godly, godlike, divine ; as noun, bag ott= tkft,e, the godly, the divine. ber 6)i)6, -eg or -eng, proper name, Gotz von Berlichingen, title and hero of one of Goethe's first dramas. ber raben, -g, ", ditch, trench ; moat, dike ; (grave). graben (gra'bt), grb, l)at ge= graben, tr., to dig, excavate ; (engrave), grob(e), see gerabe. ber raf, -en, -en, count, gram, adj., ill-disposed to (dat.), displeased ; gram fein (dat.), to dislike, be displeased, grail, adj., gray, hoary, graufam, adj., cruel, fierce, gruesome. greifett, griff, Ijat gegriffen, tr. (fjaben), to grip, grasp, seize ; take, choose. ber @md r -eg, -e, old man. bie rensc, -, -n, border, bound- ary, frontier, bag ($5retcb,en, -g, proper name, dim. of 9J?argarete, Gretchen, the heroine in Goethe's Faust. gmtttdj, adj., horrible, terrible, hideous, gruesome. gricd)tfcf), adj., Greek ; as noun, bag rtedjtfdje, the Greek language, bte rifle, -, -n, whim, fancy, humor, caprice ; depressing thoughts, cares, " blues." grimnug, adj., wild, grim, fierce, angry, furious. grob (grober, grobft), adj., gruff, coarse, large. grofe (grofeer, grflfet), adj., great, important ; large, tall ; = grojjmiitig, generous, mag- 42 linitcn nanimous ; tm grofjen, on a large scale, by wholesale ; bie 8 r 6 c trofje, highway, main road. bie (SJriifee, -, size, stature. bte rofemutter, -, *, grand- mother. ber rofetioter, -g, ", grand- father. ba (yrottenroerf, -(e)g, -e, grottowork, rockwork. griin, adj., green. ber runb, -(e)g, "e, ground ; foundation, base ; reason, motive. griinben, tr. (fjaben), to found ; (ground). bag runbgefefe, -eg, -e, funda- mental law, constitution. griinen, intr. (fjaben), to be or grow green ; griinenb, ver- dant, growing green. griinlid), adj., greenish. ber ritfe, -eg, "e, greeting, salutation. griifeen, tr. (fjaben), to greet, salute. bie (ifunft, -, "e, favor, kindness. giinftig, adj., favorable, propi- tious. ber life, -(ff)e, a (ff)e, heavy shower, downpour, torrent of rain. gut (be[fer, beft), adj., good, kind, good-hearted, good- natured ; adv., well ; as noun, ber, bie ute, good person ; bag ute, the ideal good. ba lit, -(e)g, "er, property, estate, land ; goods. ber ute'bel, -3, a choice grape of red, white, and green varieties, the chasselas. giitig, adj., kind, gracious, good. gutmiitig, adj., kindly, good- natured, good-hearted. bag $aar, -(e)g, -e, hair. bie .'dabc, -, property, goods, possessions. fjaben (b,at), fyatte, Ijat ge^abt, tr., to have, keep, hold, possess, cherish ; retain ; ttrie bu eg fjabeft mit tfjm, upon what terms you are with him ; how he will treat you. Ijabcrn, intr. ({jaben), to quarrel, wrangle. ber afer, -g, oats. ()0lb, adj., half. f)al6gerroftet, part, adj., half- comforted, partially reas- sured. f)a(bfciben, adj., half-silk. lialbucrbrannt, part, adj., half- burned. linlbtDaiir, adj., half-true. bie otfte, - -n, half. Jiallen, intr. (fjaben), to sound, resound. fatten (talt), t^ielt, fiat aefalten, tr., to hold, keep ; use, employ ; = anfyalten, to halt, stop ; = ouffyalten, to detain, delay, hold back ; = aug* 43 hcDraifd) fatten, to endure, hold out, be firm ; fatten alg, ftir, nrie, to consider, regard as, es- teem ; bie $robe fyalten, to stand the test ; fidj baran fjalten, to keep on, adhere (to one's course) ; auf ettoag btel fatten, to value highly, lay great stress upon ; refl., to restrain, contain one's self ; gefyalten, self-controlled, with restrained feelings. bte ^>anb, -, a e, hand. bag .>a'nbefiiffen, -3, kissing of hands. ber anbe(, -3, trade, business, commerce. fjanbcln, intr. (fjaben), to act, proceed ; deal with, handle ; trade ; = fid) abgeben, to as- sociate with. bag $anbcl3biib(f)en, -$/ ~, dim. of contempt, trade chap, clerk. bte .onbfcf|fog f -(e)g, "e, hand shake (often as a pledge), promise. ber -dang, -(e)g, "e, slope, in- cline ; inclination, tendency, disposition. fangen (f)cmgt), f)ing, twxt ge* fjangen, intr., to hang. f)fingen, tr. (^aben), to hang. tyomn, intr. (gen. or auf with ace.), to wait for, await eagerly ; stay. fyort (Barter, {jarteft), adj., hard, harsh, severe, difficult. fyaffen, tr. (fjaben), to hate. ber ^oii(ft, -(e)3, -e, breath. ()aucn, fjieb, fyat gefjauen, tr., to hew, cut ; mow. ber aufe, -n3, -n, heap, pile ; troop, band ; ber aufe betm ^>aufen, hoard upon hoard. f) auf en, tr. (fjaben), to heap up, amass, increase ; refl., ac- cumulate ; fief) fjaufen ju, be added to. ba -Oaitpt, -(e), a er, head, chief. bie .'dauptftabt, -, "e, capital ; chief city, metropolis. baS ^>au^, -e, "er, house ; family, line ; = SRatfyauS, city hall ; nad) >aufe, home, home- ward ; ju ^aufe, at home ; Don $aitfe, away from home. bie $au3frait, -, -en, house- wife ; mistress of the house. ber au31)alt f -(e), household, housekeeping. Ija'U'Mtcf), adj., domestic, home- loving ; thrifty, skilled in housekeeping. ber $ait3rat f -(e)8, collective, household furniture, utensils or furnishings. ber >au3n>irt, -(e), -e, master of the house, landlord. fyeben, f)ob or tub, {>at gefjoben, tr., to lift, raise, (heave) ; refl. = fidj erfyeben, to rise ; 05 noun, bag >eben, -8, lifting. ), adj., Hebrew ; as noun, bag ^ebrttifdje, the He- brew language. 44 bie erfe, -, -n, hedge. (jcfrig, adj., vehement, violent, powerful, impetuous, hefty, vigorous ; as noun, ber ^)eftige, the excited, angry man. bie ^peftigfett, -, vehemence, impetuosity, quick temper. fyegen, tr. (h,aben), to cherish, entertain, feel, have. J)Cf)t, adj., august, grand, sub- lime. btc Jpetbe, -, -n, heath. baS eibenriJSletn, -3, -, dim., little heather rose. ba3 eU, -(e)3, happiness, well- being, salvation ; ^>etl ! (dat.), hail ! hail to, well for. ticUbar, adj., healable, curable. ftcilig, adj., holy, sacred. l)cUfam, adj., wholesome, heal- ing, salutary ; fyeilfam ge= fcfjnrinbe, with salutary speed. bie Jpettnat, -, -en, home, native land or city. ficimlid), adj., secret, mysterious. ber $einemann, -3, proper name, Karl Heinemann, the author of eutfalf, f)at gefjolfen, intr. (dat.), to help, aid. fyett, adj., bright, clear. ba emb, -(e), -en, shirt, chemise ; waist. fjcmmett, tr. (fjaben), to re- press, restrain, check, impede, hem. ber ^pcngft, -(e)$, -t t stallion, horse. ber .frcnfef, -S, -, handle. Ijer, adv. and sep. pref., here, hither, this way (toward the speaker) ; ago, along ; f)in linb f)er, to and fro, hither and thither ; lange f>er, long ago. fjerob', adv. and sep. pref., down, down from. ^crob'foaen (faflt f)erab), ftel fjerab, tft fjerabgefallen, intr., to fall down, descend. f)era&'fommen, fam fjerab, ift fyerabgefommen, intr., to come down, descend. f)era&'fd)lagen (fd^Iagt fjerab), fcf)Iug fjerab, f)at f)erabgefcf)Iagen, tr. and intr., to beat down, pour down. fjcran', adv. and sep. pref., hither, toward, up to, near. f|cran'f)cben, b,ob {jeran, Ijat fjeran- ge^oben, refl., = ftcf) erfjeben, to rise, ascend ; rise upon. t)cranfommen 45 f)erfiib,ren fceran'fommen, fam fjeran, ift fjerangefommen, intr., to ap- proach, draw near, come towards. Ijeran'treten (trttt fjeran), trat fyeran, ift fyerangetreten, intr., to step up. f)eran'tt)ad)fen (toadfjft fjeran), ttmd)3 fyeran, ift b,erangeit>ad|jfen, intr., to grow up, advance in years. fjerailf, adv. and sep. pref., up here (towards the speaker) ; up, upwards. f)eratif'gcf)(e)n, ging fierauf, ift fjeraufgegangen, intr., to rise, go up. {jerauf'fommen, fam fyerauf, ift fjeraufge foramen, intr., to come up. fieraufsiefiett, jog fjerauf, ift or fat fjeraufgejogen, tr., intr., and refi., to draw up, ascend ; gather, rise. fyerauS', adv. and sep. pref., out here, out of, from, forth. Ijerau'fuft,rett, sep. tr. (fyaben), to lead out. bie 4?erait3'fla6e, -> ~ n / publica- tion, edition. en (gtbt t)erau), gab I)at fjerau^gegeben, tr., to give out, publish. f)erau3'gef)en, ging b,erau, ift feraugegangen, intr., to go out. f)erau3'fagen, tr. (faben), to say out, speak freely. fjerbei', adv. and sep. pref., hither, on, near by, up this way. fier&ei'fommen, font fyerbet, ift {jerbeigefomtnen, intr., to come up, approach. fyerbd'treten (tritt tierbet), trat {jerbei, ift ^erbeigetreten, intr., to step up, approach, fjer'brtngen, bracfyte f)er, tjat b,er= gebra^t, tr., to bring here, hither, up, or in. ber .$erbft, -(e)S, -e, autumn, fall ; harvest ; = SBetnlefe, vintage, bie erbe r -, -n, herd, flock, drove. ber Berber, -9, proper name, Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803), an eminent German philosopher, critic, and theologian, a friend of Goethe's. fyerein', adv. and sep. pref., in here, in ; interj., come in ! fyeretn'iriitgen, bradjte fjeretn, fjat Ijereingebracfyt, tr., to bring in, secure. f)erein'fit&,rett, sep. tr. (tyaben), to lead or bring in. fyerem'fyangen (fiftngt herein), h,ing Herein, b,at {jeretngefjangen, intr., to hang within, inside, or down into, fjemn'fontmen, font fyeretn, ift fjereingefomtnen, intr., to enter, come in. fycretn'treten (tritt fjerein), trat Herein, ift Ijeretngetreten, intr., to step in, enter, fjer'fiifiren, tr. (fjaben), to bring or guide hither. h,ergeb,en 46 fierutnrennen b,er'geb.en, gtng fyer, tft l)erge= gangen, inl-r., to walk along, go on, proceed ; iiber einen fjergefjen, to override, attack. fyer'gelmifen, part. adj. (f>er= laufen), vagrant, runaway. b,er'b,angen (fjftngt f)er), fing fjer, fjat fjergefjangen, intr., to bend or hang over ; cling to. iKffliitflen, Hang fjer, fjat f>er* geflungen, iw/r., to resound, sound down or hither. fjer'fommen, fant fjer, tft t)er= gefommen, intr., to come here or hither. tjer'Iaufen (lauft fyer), Itef f>er, tft fyergelaufen, iw/r., to be vag- rant, run about. ber Hermann, -3, proper name, Hermann. fjemarf)', adv., afterward, here- after ; accordingly, accord- ing to. ber err, -n, -"/ Lord, lord, master, mister, Mr. ; gentle- man. fjcrrltd), adj., excellent, admi- rable, glorious, grand, lofty, noble, magnificent, splendid. bte errltd)fett, -, magnificence, grandeur, splendor. bte ^>errfd)aft, -, -en, lordship, rule, mastery, sovereignty, power, dominion. fyerrfdjen, tr. (fjaben), to rule, govern, reign ; as noun, ba$ errfot fjerDorgejogen, tr., to pull out or forth. bag ^erj, -en, -en, heart, feel- ings ; Don ^erjen, heartily ; Don Cerjen geljen, to feel ; tnt tiefften >erjen, deep in the heart, in the depths of the heart. fier'stefiett, gog fer, ^ot fjergejogen, tr., to draw here or near ; intr. (fein), to approach, draw near ; bag >tn= imb er= y.^(t)n, roving, wandering hither and thither. fjerjltdfj, adj., hearty, cordial, sincere, tender, dear. ber ^crjog, -(e)3, "e, duke. bie ^erjogin, -, -(tn)nen, duchess. ^crp', adv. and sep. pref., hither, here, up. fjer&u'treten (trttt f)erju), trat {>erju, ift {jerjugetreten, intr., to step up, approach. bag Jpeit, -(e)g, hay. bie ^>eud)elei r -, hypocrisy, dis- simulation ; sham. fjeulen, intr. ({aben), to howl, scream, wail. Ijeut(e), adv., to-day. Iicitttg, adj., of to-day, to-day's ; am Ijeuttgen Sage, to-day. ber ^pcjo'mctcr, -8, -, hexam- eter verse. fyter, adv., here. ^ic(r)f|cr' f adv. and sep. pref., hither, this way (toward the speaker). llicrliin 48 f)ierf)in', adv., hither ; h,ier'()in unb bort'fjin, hither and thither, this way and that. fjtertn, adv., in this or that. Iticrnc'bcn, adv., near by, next door, adjoining this. bte Ufe, -, help, aid. fulfil)!?, adj., helpless. fttffrdd), adj., helpful. her ^immcl, -3, -, heaven, sky. fyimmltfcfy, adj., heavenly, celes- tial ; as noun, bte imtn= Hfdjen, the angels. l)tn, adv. and sep. pref., hence, thither, along ; away, gone ; f)tn unb fyer, hither and thither ; f)tn unb nrieber, here and there, now and then ; I)in unb ttrieber benfen, to con- sider and reconsider, dis- cuss ; fur fidj f)in, alone, by one's self ; Dor fid) fn'n, straight ahead, before or to one's self ; in$ gelb t)in, into the field. Ijinab', adv. and sep. pref., down (away from the speaker). liinab'laufcn (lauft binab), lief fu'nab, 'ift hjnabgelaufen, intr., to run down. f)tnab'fd)auett, sep. intr. (fjaben), to look down. b,inab'fd)reiten, fdjritt fjtnab, ift fjinabgefdjritten, intr., to step or walk down. hjtmb'fteiflen, ftieg {)inab, ift f)tnab= gefttegen, intr., to descend, go down. fjtnan', adv. and sep. pref., thither, up, up along ; bt3 fjtnan, up there, to that place. {)tnan'faf)rcn (faf)rt tjtnan), fufjr f)inan, ift b.mangefah,ren, intr., to drive up or along. f)inan'fd)letd)en, fdjltd) fjinan, ift b,tnangefd)Iid)en, intr., to steal or creep up. fyinan'ftetgen, ftieg fytnan, ift I)inan= gefttegen, intr., to climb up, ascend, tyinauf, adv. and sep. pref., up ; fjofjer fytnauf ftolfen, to aspire, wish to advance in the world. f)tnaiif'fab,ren (fafjrt fjinauf), fufjr ^tnauf, ift fjinaufgefafjren, intr., to drive up. b,inouf'fd)retten, fd)rttt bjnauf, ift f)inaufgefd)ritten, intr., to step, climb, or go up. f)tnau3', adv. and sep. pref., out, away, hence (away from the speaker) ; out over, along. f)tnau3'fiif|ren, sep. tr. (fyaben), to drive out ; lead or take out, conduct forth. f)tnau'gef)en, ging f)tnau3, ift htnauSgegangen, intr., to go out. fjinauS'fommen, fam t)tnou8, ift htnauggefomnten, intr., to come out. b,inau3'Ioat {jingeriffen, tr., to tear or carry away, sweep along. l)in'fogcn, sep. tr. (faben), to observe, speak lightly. Ijtn'fe^en, sep. refl. (fyaben), to sit down, fytn'ftrerfen, sep. 'tr. (fyaben), to stretch along, extend ; refl., to stretch away, reach, flutter, adj., back, rear, hinder ; prep. (dat. and ace.), adv., sep. and insep. pref., after, back, behind ; beyond, ber ^intergrunb, -(e)g, "e, back- ground, setting, bos interf)mi3, -e3, "er, rear of the house, fltn'treten (tritt Ijtn), trat ft,in, tft Ijtngetreten, intr., to step up, approach. f)ittii'ber, adv. and sep. pref., over, across. l)inu'bergch,en, gtng {(tniiber, ift fjiniibergegangen, intr., to go over or across. ba in= iinb ^crste^cn, -8, moving hither and thither, roving about, fjtnun'ter, adv. and sep. pref., down, downwards. fttnun'terflctongen, sep. intr. (fetn), to arrive at, reach the bottom, descend, fltmm'terletten, sep. tr. (Jjoben), to lead or guide down, {jtn'ttionbcln, sep. intr. (fcin), to roam, stroll, go along. adv. and sep. pref., away, forth, off. 50 flbren 309 fyinroeg, tft , intr., to move, remove ; travel ; tr. (tjaben), draw away. tytn'sie^en, jog f)in, ift f)ingejogen, intr., to move along, go ; tr. (fyaben), to draw towards ; bag ^>in=unb ^jerjiefjen, roving, wandering hither and thither. fyinju', adv. and sep. pref., thither, towards, up (to), near. Ijinju'etlen, sep. intr. (fein), to hurry up or thither. J)ittu'rreten (tritt fu'nju), trat f)in$u, ift Ijinjugetreten, intr., to step up, approach, draw near. ber irt, -en, -en, herdsman, shepherd. bie te, -, heat. ber o6ef, -g, -, plane. fjod) (f)oter, f)6a)ft), adj. (stem f)df)-, when declined), high, great, noble, tall ; adv., very, highly ; f)od)fr, ex- treme, supreme ; as noun, bag 6of theater, -g, -, court theater, bag -b^cre, -n, -n, (comparative of fyodj), higher, nobler things or aims ; ber $of)ere, one of higher rank. fjofyl, adj., hollow, empty. fjolen, tr. (f)aben), to fetch, go and get ; bring. do(prtd)t, adj., rough, rugged, uneven, bag $ol, -eg, -e or "er, wood ; grove ; bag frembe ^ofj, mahogany, (ibljcrn, adj., wooden, made of wood, ber Corner', -g, proper name, Homer (c. 900 B.C.), the greatest poet of the ancient Greeks. ber ^omcri'be, -n, -n, Homerid, a follower of Homer, ber >ome'ro3, -, proper name, Homer. f)ord)en, intr., to listen to (dat.), harken ; (with auf and ace.), to heed, obey, bie Jporen, pin., proper name, the Hours, an (Esthetic maga- zine published by Schiller. fjbren, tr. and intr. (fyaben), to hear ; fyoren auf (ace.), to listen to, heed, obey. 51 irgenb ber ^>orer, -g, -, hearer, lis- tener ; one of an audience ; student. lutbfdt, adj., pretty. ber uf, -(e)g, -e, hoof. ber iigel, -g, -, hill. bag 4?ul)n, -(e)8, "er, chicken ; fowl. bte ^>uflc, -, -n, wrapper, cover- ing. , -(e)g, -e, dog (hound). t, num., hundred. ber Jpitt, -(e)g, E e, hat. (jiitcn, /r. (fyaben), to guard ; keep ; keep to, confine one's self to. id), personal pron., I. bag 3 beat', -(e)g, -e, ideal ; model. bte SW^r -, -n, idyl. ibtjHifd), adj., idyllic, bucolic, pastoral. ifyr, 3fyr, personal pron. (plu. of bu), ye, you ; possessive adj. of fie, eo.e, wandering ; maze, wilderness, confusion. imn, intr. and refl. (fjaben), to err, be mistaken ; wander, go astray, slip. ber 3rrtum, -(e)g, "er, error, mistake. bag Stalien, -g, Italy. italicnifcf), adj., Italian ; bag 3talienifdje, the Italian lan- guage. 3 jfl, adv., stressed, yes, indeed, surely, certainly ; unstressed, as you know, of course. bag 3 fl f -g, yes ; promise (of marriage), acceptance. bag Safor, -(e)g, -e, year. ber 3af)r(e)StOfl, -(e)g, -e, anni- versary. bie ^afjredjett, -, -en, season. bag 3af)rf)Utt'bcrt, -3, -e, cen- tury. ber jammer, -8/ misery, wretchedness ; laments. jammern, intr. (fjaben), to la- ment, mourn, grieve, sorrow, wail, moan. jommerDoH, adj., pitiable, wretched, miserable. bag Saniort, -(e)g, -e, yes ; ac- ceptance ; promise ; con- sent. je, adv., ever, at any time ; nur Je, ever, in any degree. jeb(-er, -e, -eg), adj. and pron., each, every ; any ; ein jeber, each one, every one, everybody ; jebeg, collective, all ; alteg unb jebeg, each and all, everything. jebod)', adv., however, yet, still, nevertheless. j eg lid) (-er, -e, -eg), adj. and pron. (less usual for jeber), each, every ; everyone, either. jemate, adv., ever, at any time. jcmanb, pron., one, some one, any one. jcn(-er, -e, -eg), adj. and pron., that, that one, the former. bag 3ena, -g, proper name, Jena, a German city about ten miles southeast of Weimar. jenfettS, adv. and prep. (gen.\ beyond, on the other side, across. jefeo, adv. (archaic for jeijt), now. jebt, adv., now, nowadays. ber 3 of) aim, -g, proper name, John. ber Sofepf), -g, proper name, Joseph ; Joseph II (1764- 1790), Holy Roman Emperor. ber Soflia, -g, proper name, Joshua, the leader of Israel in the conquest of the land of Canaan. ber %ubei, -g, jubilation, mirth, merrymaking, rejoicing. bie 3uflcnb, -, youth, early life, the young ; toon (auf), from childhood. jung 53 fterfcr jung (iiinger, jungft), adj., young ; Don jung auf = son 3?ugenb auf, from childhood ; jiingft, adv., recently, not long ago, the other day. ber Sunge, -it, -n, boy, lad, young fellow. bte SuttflfrflUr -/ -en/ girl, maiden, ber SwitflKnflr -, -e, youth, young man, (youngling). jihtgft (superlative of Jung), adv., lately, recently, not long ago, the other day. ber 3uptter, -g, proper name, Jupiter, the chief of the ancient Roman gods. bte 3" r i3JJruben', -, juris- prudence, law. ber 3urift', -en, -en, jurist, lawyer, iurtfttfcft, adj., legal, juridical. ber Saffee, -8, coffee. ber ftafig, -3, -e, cage, coop. ber aifer, -g, -, emperor. faiferttrf), adj., imperial. bie Safli'ope, -, proper name, Calliope, the Muse of epic poetry. fait (falter, falteft), adj., cold ; unfeeling, stern, bte hammer, -, -n, chamber ; room ; bedroom ; storeroom, ber 8ampf, -(e)3, e, battle, contest, struggle, ber KanaP, -(e)8, "e, canal ; aqueduct, water conduit. ber fiorl, -8, proper name, Carl, Charles ; Karl August (1757- 1828), Grand Duke of Saxe- Weimar, Goethe's friend and patron. ber arr(e)n, -8, -, cart, a vehicle with two wheels, ber Mafpar, -8, proper name, Casper, ber Soften, -S, -, chest (of drawers), box ; carriage box. ber lattun', -(e), -e, cotton, calico. fottlt'nen, adj., of cotton, calico. faufett, tr. (^aben), to buy, purchase, ber Saufmantt, -(e), "er or -leute, merchant. fount, adv., scarcely, hardly, barely ; nod) fount, with difficulty, just barely, fefyrett, tr. (fyaben), to turn, brush, sweep ; = auSfefjren, to sweep clean ; intr. (fetn), to turn. fetn (-er, -e, -e3), adj. and pron., no, no one, not any. fetne3ttieg(e)3, adv., not at all, by no means, fcnnen, fannte, tjat gefannt, tr., to know, be acquainted with ; = erfennen, to recognize ; irfj fenne mid), I know my place, ber tenner, -, -, expert, judge, connoisseur. ber Sterfer, -, -, prison, dun- geon. fiern 54 ftnafter her $ern, -(e)g, -e, kernel, heart, core ; gist, substance ; keynote. ber Seftner, -g, proper name, John Kestner, a friend of Goethe's in Wetzlar. bte ftette, -, -n, chain. fcitrficit, intr. (Ijaben), to pant, puff, gasp, breathe with diffi- culty. fidjern, intr. (fyaben), to titter, giggle. bag 8inb, -(e)g, -er, child ; boy ; girl. bag ftinbcr^cua, -(e)g, -e, baby's clothes. bte Mutblidt, -, childhood. finbtfd), adj., childish, childlike. bag Sinn, -(e)g, -e, chin. bte ftirrf)C, -, -n, church, (kirk). ber SHficnitbcrjug, -(e)g, "e, pillowcase. bte fiifte, -, -n, chest, box, trunk. . f(or, adj., clear, bright. bte ftlarfjcit, -, clearness, bright- ness. bte Piaffe, -, -n, class ; rank, station. ber filafftfer, -g, -, classical author or enthusiast. flafftfd), adj., classical. bag filatuer', -g, -e, piano. bag Stleib, -(e)g, -er, dress, gar- ment, robe ; plu., clothes. bag ftlcibtften, -g, -, little dress or garment. flctbcn, tr. (fyaben), to clothe, dress. fletn, adj., little, small ; = fletnliclj, petty, trifling, in- significant ; as noun, bte Clemen, those of inferior rank, petty officials ; bag $letn|"te, the slightest, the smallest detail. Htno.cn, flang, fjat geHungen, intr., to sound, ring ; clink (of glasses). bte SItnfe, -, -n, door latch, bolt. bte ftlio, -, proper name, Clio, the Muse of history. ber .Ufopftorf, -g, proper name, Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724-1803), a German poet of great fame in his day, a pioneer of the classic age. flug (fliiger, fliigft), adj., wise, prudent, sensible ; as noun, ber Iuge, the wise man. bte .U hi c? licit, -, wisdom, pru- dence ; shrewdness, diplo- macy. fliig(trf), adv., wisely, prudently, skillfully. ber Mnabe, -n, -n, boy, lad. fnacfcn, intr. (fyaben), to crack, snap ; ben gufJ fnacfen, to turn one's ankle. fnattcn, intr. (fyaben), to crack, report, pop, clap. fnapp, adj., close, snug, trim ; meager, scant. fnarren, intr. (fjaben), to creak, rattle. ber finoftcr, -g, -, = $nafter= tabaf, fine smoking tobacco (packed in baskets or canis- ters) ; brand. 55 Stricger ber Stnedjt, -(e)g, -e, servant ; hired man, stable boy. bie Snerf)tfcf)aft, -, servitude, bondage, bag ftmcfecftcn, -g, -, bow, curtsy. ber Snbdjet, -g, -, ankle, ber Slnoten, -g, -, knot ; bond, entanglement, difficulty. fniipfen, tr. (fyaben), to tie, join, bind ; fasten, hitch. fuctKit, tr. (fjaben), to cook, boil, ber Soljl, -(e)g, -e, cabbage, cabbage head, ber ^ofle'ge, -n, -n, colleague, associate. fontmen, fam, ift gefommen, intr., to come, go, arrive ; occur, .happen ; = f)eranfom= men, to approach ; as noun, bag omtnen, -g, coming, bie Slomiibte, -, -n, comedy, bie Sionfeffton, -, -en, confession, ber SliJntg, -g, -e, king. fiinnen (fann), fonnte, b,at ge= fonnt, tr. and modal auxiliary, can, be able, may ; know how. ber topf, -(e)g, "e, head, bie oral'le, -, -n, coral, ber gorfc, -(e), % basket ; refusal of a proposal, " mitten." bag ftorn, -(e)8, E er, grain ; (corn). ber Sorpcr, -, -, body. t often, i/r. (^aben), to cost ; try, taste, bie Soften, plu., cost(s), charges, expense (s). fuftlid), adj., costly, precious ; delicious, choice. bie JJraft, -, "e, power, force, vigor '; resource ; efficacy, virtue ; flower. frttfrig, adj., strong, vigorous. framen, intr. ({)aben), to rum- mage, hunt for. fran!-(franfer, frSnf(e)ft), adj., sick, ill ; as noim, bie ^ranfe, sick woman. fronfen, intr. (faben), to be or grow ill ; as noun, bie $ranfenbe = bie $ranfe, sick woman, sufferer, invalid. fronfen, tr. (fcaben), to hurt, injure ; vex, grieve ; offend, wound. frftttfltdj, adj., sickly, ailing, in poor health ; as noun, bie ^ranflidje, the sick woman. ber Srans, -eg, E e, wreath, gar- land, chaplet. franaen, tr. (fjaben), to crown, put a wreath on. frafeen, tr. (fyaben), to scratch. bie kraufc, -, -n, frill, ruffle. fraufeln, tr. (^aben), to curl, crimp. bag ftraut, -(e)g, tt er, herb, plant. ber tretS, -eg, -e, circle, cir- cuit ; company, circle (of friends). ber rieg, -(e)g, -e, war. frieflcn, tr. (f)aben), colloquial for befomtnen, to get, obtain. ber trtegcr, -, -, warrior, soldier. fricgertirf) 56 liiitMirti frtegertfd), adj., warlike, martial, military, bag flrieg^'bepartcmenf, -3, -, (French pron. marj), war department, ber flrieg3f)elb, -en, -en, hero, great warrior, bag ftrieg3Hcb, -(e)g, -er, war song. ber ftrtrtfcr, -g, -, critic, frtrtfd), adj., critical, fronen, lr. (fyaben), to crown, bie ttrimung, -, -en, coronation, crowning, ber fltug, -(e)g, "e, pitcher, jar, jug, crock. bie ftriimmung, -, -en, curve, bend, bie ftiicfic, -, -n, kitchen, bie ttugcl, -, -n, ball, sphere, bullet. fiifjl, adj., cool, bie ftiidhing, -, -en, coolness, freshness. fiifyn, adj., bold, daring, cour- ageous, bie ftii(jnf|cit, -, -en, boldness, daring ; nut $uh,nf)eit, boldly. fiUinlid), adv. = fiifjn, boldly, ber Summer, -g, -, care, trouble, sorrow, burden ; fear of loss. fiimmern, reft. (f)aben), to care for or about (um), trouble one's self. funfttg, adj., future ; adv., henceforth, in the future, hereafter. bie flunft, -, e, art. bie .Qunftofobcmie, -, -n, art school. fiinftUd), adj., artistic, skillful, elaborate ; artificial. bag ftunftfriirf, -(e), -e, artifice, clever trick, sleight of hand. bag Sunftttjcrf, -(e)8, -e, work of art. furj (ftirjer, filrjeft), adj., brief, short, curt ; recent ; in furgen lagen = in furjer ,3eit, in a few days, in a short time. ber ftuf?, -(ff)e, (ff)e, kiss. fiiffcn, tr. (fjaben), to kiss. bag Mtfdjdjen, -g, -, dim., little carriage, pretty carriage. bie Mutfdic, -, -n, coach, car- riage. ber flutter, -, -, coachman, driver. taOcn, tr. ({aben), to refresh. iatftcln, intr. (f>aben), to smile. fatten, intr. (^aben), to laugh ; gleam, shine. laben, lub ^at gelaben, tr., to load ; geloben, loaded or piled high. bag 2onb, -(e), *er, land, coun- try ; (plu., ?anbe), district, state. bag llanbau, -g, proper name, Landau, a city in the Ba- varian Palatinate ; a car- riage. fanben, intr. (fein), to land, go on shore. lanbltd), adj., rural, of the land or country. Sanbmann 57 2eh,re ber Sanbmann, -(e)g, a er or -leute, peasant, farmer, coun- tryman. bte 2anbfd)aft, -, -en, landscape, district, countryside. fang (longer, la'ngft), adj., long. lang(e), adv., long, for a long time ; ' fange fdjon Ijer, = fdjon lange fer, long ago. longerfcfjnt, part, adj., long desired or longed for. (angfam, adj., slow. bag Sappdjen, -g, -, dim. of contempt, little rag, light summer coat. faff en (la fit), Itefe, fjat gelaffen, tr., to let, permit, allow ; = t>er= laffen, to abandon, forsake, leave ; order, have done ; intr., to cease, desist (from). bte Soft, -, -en, load, weight, burden. laften, intr. (fyaben), to burden, press down, weigh upon ; tr., to load ; laftenb, heavy, burdensome ; loaded. Ififrig, adj., annoying, disagree- able, burdensome. latctnifrf), adj., Latin ; as noun, bag Sateimfdje, the Latin lan- guage. bag Sathtm, -g, proper name, Latium, the territory around ancient Rome; Italy. bte Sattc, -, -n, lath ; plu., lattice. ber Safe, -eg, "e, waist, bodice. bag 2aub, -(e)3, foliage, leaf- age. bte 2aube, -, -n, bower, arbor, summerhouse. ber 2aubgang, -(e)g, *e, trellised walk, arbor, louern, intr. (f)aben), to lurk, lie in wait for, listen. laufen (Ittuft), lief, ift gelaufen, intr., to run, hurry, hasten. bte Saitne, -, -n, mood, humor ; high spirits, good humor ; whim, caprice ; bte ?aune beg SBerltebten, one of Goethe's earliest dramas. taut, adj., loud ; adv., aloud, outright ; lout auffadjen, to burst out laughing. leben, intr. (fjaben), to live, exist ; = tterleben, to spend, pass ; Ieb(e)t roof)!, farewell, bag Seben, -g, -, life. Jeben'btg, adj., living ; earthly, during one's life ; fresh, vigorous ; active. (cblmft, adj., lively, active, animated, vigorous, spirited ; adv., brusquely, when ex- cited ; strongly, sharply. lebern, adj., leathern, of leather, lebig, adj., free ; unmarried, single ; hn lebigen tanbe, a bachelor. leer, adj., empty ; vain, idle, legen, tr. (fjaben), to lay, put, place, bte Segcnbe, -, -n, legend, (eljnen, tr. and intr. (fyaben), to lean ; geleb,n(e)t, open, ajar; leaning, bte 2eb,re, -, -n, instruction, teaching, lesson, precept. fefiren 58 i'tebe lefjrcn, tr. (fyaben), to teach ; fennen lefyren, to make ac- quainted with. ber Scorer, -9, -, teacher ; ?eh,rer fatten, to employ private teachers. bag 2el)rjaf)r f -(e)g, -e, year of apprenticeship ; SBtlfyelm 9Mfterg ?ef)rjah,re, one of Goethe's novels. ber Seife, -(e)g, -er, body, waist. ldat gelefcn, tr., to pick, gather ; read ; as noun, bag ?efen, -g, reading ; pick- ing. lefecn, tr. (fjaben), to refresh. icbt (-r, -e, -eg), adj., last, least, least important, lowest ; as noun, bag ?eljte, the least, remnant ; the highest, the supreme ; the ultimate goal, extremes. Icbtenmal, adv. (with jum), for the last time. (curf)ien, intr. (fjaben), to shine, sparkle, gleam. Icugncn, tr. (fjoben), to deny, refute. bie Scute, plu., people, men. bag 2i(ftt, -(c)g, -er, light ; plu., bright spots ; flashes, gleams. lie&, adj. (dat.), dear (to), be- loved ; ntein Stebfteg, my dearest duty or wish. bie Siebe, -, -n, love, affection. liclu-u 59 2uft licbcn, tr. (fyaben), to love ; as noun, ber, bie eltebte, beloved one, sweetheart, lover. Heber, adv. (comparative o/gern), sooner, rather, in preference to. iteliltri), adj., lovely, delightful, pleasant, charming, dear, sweet. ber 2iebling, -3, -e, favorite, pet, darling. ba3 2iebltng3fluclscug, -(e)8, -e, favorite plaything. licl)(u, adj., heartless, unkind, loveless. ba6 2teb, -(e)8, -er, song, lay. bag 2tebd)ctt, -4, -, dim., little song, lay ; contemptuously, those ditties of theirs. Hegen, lag, f)at gelegen, intr., to lie, be, be situated. bag 2ie3rf)eit, -8, proper name (dim. of Elizabeth), Lizzie, Liza. bte 2Uie, -, -n, lily. bie 2inbe, -, -n, linden tree. Iinf3, adv., left, to the left. bag Stnncn, -8, -, = ?etnen, linen. bte Stype, -, -n, lip. lifrig, adj., sly, cunning, crafty. Htera'rifrf), adj., literary. bie Sttcratvir', -, -en, literature. ba8 Soft, -(c)8, praise, com- mendation. tofeen, tr. (fjaben), to praise. Ibbliri), adj., laudable, praise- worthy, commendable. bte 2orfe, -, -n, locks, hair. (odfcn, tr. (fyaben), to attract, entice, lure, tempt. bag 2orbeemt3, -(e)8, -er, laurel twig or wreath. lo$, predicate adj., adv., and sep. accented pref., loose, free from ; Io8 foerben, to get rid of. Io3'binben, banb Io8, Ijat Io8= gebunben, tr., to loosen, untie, set free. tijfen, tr. (fjaben), to loosen, unbind, untie ; untangle, solve ; dispel ; refl., to cut loose, free one's self, escape. 103'gebllJtben, part. adj. (Io8= btnben), freed, let loose, loos- ened. loS'laffen (Itt&t Io8), lie 6 Io8, fat Io8gelaffen, tr. to let go, re- lease. loS'tofen, sep. tr. and refl. (Ijaben), to set free, loosen, detach ; separate, free one's self, escape. lo^'toerbcn (ttnrb Io8), hsarb or ttmrbe Io8, ift Io8gemorben, intr. (ace.), to get rid of, free one's self. ber 2ottie, -n, -n, lion. bie 2urfe, -, -n, gap, hole. bie 2uft r -, "e, air, breeze ; draft. bie 2uifc, -8 or -n8, proper name, Louise, title and heroine of J. H. Voss's idyllic poem. lumptg, adj., ragged. bie 2uft, -, "e, pleasure, joy, desire, longing ; mit Suft, joyfully. Sitftort 60 ber Suftort, -(e)g, er or -e, recreation or pleasure re- sort. bie Sqrif, -, -en, lyric, lyric poetry. ber Styrifer, -, -, lyric poet. Inrtfd), adj., lyric(al). madien, tr. (fjaben), to make, form, produce, create ; with gu, to transform, turn into. bie aJJod|t, -, "e, might, power, force. madittci, adj., mighty, powerful, ponderous, vast, tall ; rich, abundant, luxuriant. bag SDlabrfjen, -3, -, girl, maiden. bie SNogb, -, "e, maid, maid- servant. bag SRafjf, -(e)g, -e or er, meal, repast, lunch. bag SRaUteb, -(e)8, -er, May song. ber XUatn, -8, proper name, the Main River, a branch of the Rhine. bie ajiainbrutfe, -, -n, bridge over the Main River. bag 9Mal, -(e)g, -e, time. malen, tr. (fjaben), to paint. ber SWalcr, -, -, artist, painter. bie SRalerei', -, -en, painting, picture. man, indefinite indeclinable pron., one, they, you, people ; with a transitive verb, often a substitute for the passive. mand>(-er, -e, -e8), adj. and pron., many, many kinds of, many a ; mondjeS, many things ; gar mandjeS, many a thing. mandjerlci', indeclinable adj. and pron., all sorts, many kinds, different, various (things). ber SRonn, -(e)8, "er, man, husband ; manhood. bag 8)Janne0gefuf)l f -, -e, manly feeling. bae 9)Jannf)etm, -9>, proper name, Mannheim, a German city on the Neckar, at the juncture of the Rhine. mannigfalttfl, adj., manifold, varied. mannlid), adj., manly, cour- ageous ; masculine, male ; adv., like a man. ber Sttarft, -(e), "e, market, public square ; yearly fair. ber SKorfrf), -eg, "e, march. ber Partial, -3, proper name, Marcus Valerius Martialis (c. 40-102 A.D.), a Latin epigrammatic poet. ber aJJortin, -g, proper name, Martin. ber SRfirs, -e, March. bie SWaSfe, -, -n, mask, sham. bie SRafie, -, -n, mass, crowd. mh'fng, adj., moderate. mott, adj., faint, weak. bie 9JJouer, -, -n, wall (around a town). bag SOiouerdjcn, -g, -, dim., low wall. 61 SHitgift bag 9)}eer, -(e)g, -e, sea, ocean. tnefyr (comparative of btel), arf;'. and adv., more, longer ; ntd)t mefyr, no more, no longer ; urn fo mefyr, so much the more ; nod) mefyr, still more. mefirett, tr. and refl. (fjaben), to increase, multiply. mef)me, adj. plu., several. mein, possessive adj. and pron., my, mine ; as noun, bit Sfteinen, my friends or rela- tives ; bag 3DZeitie, my own, my property. metnig (ber, bie, bag metntge), pronominal adj., mine, my own. meift (superlative of bid), adj., most ; adv., am tneiften, most, especially ; as noun, bie SDMften, most of them. ber ajJeifter, -g, -, master, master workman ; proper name, 9BtIf)eIm 2)?eifter, the title and hero of one of Goethe's novels. bag SRetftcrroerf, -(e)g, -e, mas- terpiece, work of art. bie SDMpo'mcne, -, proper name, Melpomene, the Muse of tragedy. bie SJtenge, -, -n, crowd, multi- tude, host, herd. ber 9)Jenfcf), -en, -en, man, man- kind ; human being ; bie Sftenfdjen, people. ber anenfdjenfofin, -(e), "e, human being. menfd)Hd), adj., human, hu- mane ; tender-hearted. merfett, tr., to mark, notice, perceive ; merfen laffen, to show, betray ; refl. (dat.), to observe, note, bear in mind, take to heart. ber 2J?effta3, -, proper name, the Messiah, a religious epic by Klopstock. bie STteteorologie', -, meteor- ology. metrtfd), adj., metrical. ber 9JJtd)aeI, -g, proper name, Michael, the archangel Michael. bog ajJteber, -g, -, bodice, vest, a close-fitting sleeveless jacket. bie aJltette, -, -n, mien, manner ; expression, looks, coun- tenance. ntilb(c), adj., kind, mild, gentle, indulgent, generous. bie 2)lUbe, -, mildness ; charity, generosity. bag 2)Hnctyen r -g, proper name (dim. of SBilfjelmtne), Minnie, Minna. ber SRtntftcr, -g, -, minister, secretary of state, premier. bie SDHmt'te, -, -n, minute. mtf(f)en, tr. and refl. (fjaben), to mix, mingle. miffett, tr. ({jaben), to miss, lose, do without. tnit, prep, (dat.), adv., and sep. pref., with, at, by, together with ; adv., at the same time, together with. bie SJJttgtft, -, -en, dowry, mar- riage portion. 62 bag 9)JitflUcb, -(e)g, -er, member, bag Witlcib, -(e)g, sympathy. mttfd)ulbig, ad!;., accessory (to a crime), equally guilty ; as noun, )ie 9ftitfd)ulbigen, the title of one of Goethe's earliest dramas. mitfefyen (fiefjt mit), faf) nut, fjat mitgefefjen, lr., to look on with others, ber SDHttag, -(e), -e, midday, noon ; the east ; mittagg, adv., at noon, bie 2Kitre, -, middle. tnittel (nuttier, mittelft), adj., middle, medium, central, bag Wlitttl, -g, -, means, ex- pedients ; fid) ing 9)?ittel fdjlogen, to intervene, come to the rescue. ba amttefalter, -g, -, Middle Ages, bie ajHttelftrafee, -, -n, the middle course, moderation, mitten, adv., in the midst ; mitten burdf), right through, through the middle, mittler (comparative of mittel), adj., middle, central, mbcfjte (preterit subjunctive of mogen), I should like, bte SRobe, -, -n, mode, fashion, style. mobcrn', adj., modern, of the present day, fashionable. mobifcf), adj., modish, stylish, fashionable. mbflcn (mag), modjte, fjat ge= t, lr. and modal auxiliary, may, can, be able, like, desire ; id) mod)te, I should like. miigltd), adj., possible. ber SJJoment', -(e)g, -e, moment, instant. ber SDtonat, -(e)g, -e, month. ber 2Wonb, -(e)g, -c or -en, moon ; = 2ttonat, month. ber s Diontag, -(e)g, -c, Monday. bie SlJontur', -, -en, uniform. morgcn, adv., to-morrow. ber SRorgen, -g, -, morning ; the east ; beg SDJorgeng, morgeng, adv., in the morning. morgcnb, adj., of the morning ; to-morrow's. ber Sftorgenbitft, -(e)g, "c, morn- ing fragrance or perfume. morgcn^, adv., in the morning, morning. morgenfdjim, adj., pretty as the morning. bte 9Rorpf)ol0gie', -, morphology. ber 9)iofe3, -, proper name, Moses, the deliverer of Israel from Egyptian bondage, re- cipient of the Lau', and author of the Pentateuch, according to Hebrew tradition. ber SDJoft, -(e)g, -e, grape juice, new wine, must. miibc, adj., tired, weary. bte 9Jliif)e, -, -n, trouble, care, pains. bte aniWe, -, -n, mill. miifn'dig, adv., laboriously, pain- fully. ber ajlimb, -(e)g, -e, mouth, lips. SOJiinfter 63 bag 9)}iinfter, -, -, cathedral, minster. tnunter, adj., gay, cheerful, joking, merry, awake, lively. mitrrifrf), adj., peevish, grum- bling ; morose, surly, moody. bte SRuf4e(r -, -n, shell, (muscle). bte SJlufc, -, -n, Muse(s), in Greek mythology, the inspirers of song and music. ber 2)}u3fatcl'lcr,-3, -, muscatel grape. miiffen (mufj), mufete, fjat gemufet, intr. and modal auxiliary, must, have to, be obliged to. ber SOHtfeiggang, -(e), laziness, idleness. ba SRufter, -3, -, pattern, model, example. ber SDiut, -(e)8, courage, spirit ; mtt gletdjem 9ftute, calmly, with equanimity, serenity, resignation ; ju 9J?ute fein, to feel, be in the mood. mutig, adj., courageous, spirited. bie Sfluttcr, -, ", mother. bad 9Jlittterd)en, -3, -, dim., little mother, mother dear. bie SHiifec, -, -n, cap, house cap, night cap. bie 2Ni)rte, -, -n, myrtle. 5H nod), prep, (dot.), adv., and sep. accented pref., to, towards ; behind, after ; according to ; by, at, in, for, about ; nadj aufe, home. ber 9lad)bar, -8 or -n, -n, neighbor. bie SRatfybarfcfiaft, -, -en, neigh- borhood, vicinity. nadjbcm', adv. and conj., after, after that ; since, according as. nadi'brtngcn, brang nad^, ift nad)= gebrungen, intr. (dot.), to press or crowd after. ber 9JoeJ)brurf, -(e), "e, em- phasis, force, energy ; mtt 9ia(^bruef, emphatically. nadj'eifen, sep. intr. (daL) (fetn), to hurry after. naA'fo^ren (fafjrt nacf)), fufjr nac^, ift nacfigefaljreri, intr., to drive after. nodf'fragen, sep. intr. (dat.) (fjaben), to ask for, inquire about. tmcfy'geden (gtbt natf)), gab naat nadjgegraben, inlr. (dat.), to dig for or after. ber 9Zarf)fommc, -n, -n, de- scendant ; plu., future gen- eration. nadj'fommen, font nacb,, ift nacb,= gefomtnen, intr. (dat.), to follow, come after. natb/loffen (Ittfet nac^), Hefe nacf), f)at nac^gelaffen, tr., to leave behind. mu&.nuttag3, adv., afternoon. bte 91oat genannt, tr., to name, call. nefeen, tr. (fyaben), to moisten, wet. ncu, adj., new ; = erneuerte, re- paired, renovated ; aufS neue, anew, again ; as noun, bag SReue, what is new, novelty. neueroffnet, part, adj., newly opened. neitgeboren, part, adj., new-born. neugepffcmst, part, adj., newly planted. bie 9Jeu'gier(be), -, curiosity, inquisitiveness. neuHd), adv., recently, lately ; nod) neulid), just the other day, again. neunt (-er, -e, -e3), num. adj., ninth. ntrf)t, adv., not; mcf)t maf)r? is it not so? nid^t mefjr, no more, no longer. ntdjte, indeclinable pron., noth- ing, ntrfen, intr. (fyaben), to nod ; nicfenb, nodding, waving. ttic, adv., never, nie'ber, adv. and sep. pref., down, downwards, low. nie'berfiifiren, sep. tr. (fjaben), to lead down, nte'berfiauen, fjteb nieber, l^ot rttebergefyauen, tr., to strike or cut down. nte'bcrfmen, sep. intr. (fein) and refl. (faben), to kneel down, nie'bertaffen (Iftfet nieber), Iiefj nieber, fiat niebergetaffen, refl., to settle, establish one's self, nie'berliegcn, lag nieber, tft nieber= gelegen, intr., to lie down ; be prostrate, lie in ruins, nie'bemtften, rife nieber, b,at nieber = gertffen, tr., to tear down. me'berfctyreiben, fd>rteb nieber, fat niebergefcfirteben, tr., to write down, nie'ber fe^en, tr. (fjaben), to set or put down ; refl., to sit down, me'bertoanbdn, intr. (fein), to go or wander down, nie'brig, adj., low, common ; as noun, baS 9iiebrifle, the com- mon, low. niemalS, adv., never, niemanb, -(e), (rarely dat. -em, ace. -en), nobody, no one, none. nirgenbS, adv., nowhere. nod) 66 nod), adv., still, yet, as yet ; again, besides, more ; one more ; nod) e6/, even before ; nod) etnmal, einmal nod), once more, again ; nod) jeijt, to this day ; nod) gemig, quite enough ; nod) nidjt, not yet ; nod) Faum, barely, scarcely ; conj., nor. bie 9tot, -, "e, need, distress, misery. bte 9?otburft, -, want, necessity, distress. nottg, adj., necessary. nbttgen, tr. (fyaben), to compel, oblige, force. ber SJooetnber, -8, November. nun, adv., now ; introductory particle, well, I say. nunmefjr', adv., now, finally, at length, henceforth. nur, adv., only, at least, merely ; particle, well, I say ; with imperative, do, pray ; just ; irgenb nur, ever, to any ex- tent ; with relative pron., bie nur, whatever ; fpat nur, not until late, quite late ; nur Je, ever, in any degree. nufeen or nu'fecn, tr. (fjaben), to employ, avail one's self of, use, profit ; intr., be useful to (dat.), benefit. ber 9iu$(en), -n, -en, use, profit, benefit ; advantage, utility. nitftltd), adj., useful ; as noun, ba8 9hU?Hdje, the useful, the practical. C, interjection, O ! oh ! oO, conj., if, whether. oben, adv., above, up stairs ; Don oben, from above, from heaven ; the upper classes, the authorities. ober, adj., upper ; as noun, ber Obere, chief, superior ; one in power ; the upper classes. obg(eid)', conj., although, bte Cbrtgfett, -, -en, those in authority, magistracy. ba Cbft, -e, fruit ; = Ob ft* ernte, fruit harvest. obttJOl)!, conj., although, ber Cd)3, -en, -en, ox. bie Cbe, -, -n, ode. Bbe, adj., waste, desolate, dreary. ober, conj., or. ber Cefer, -3, proper name, Adam Friedrich Oeser (1717- 1799), a German painter, etcher, and sculptor, a friend of Goethe's. ber Cfen, -3, *, stove, (oven), offen, adj., open, frank, sincere, ber Cfftster', -3, -e, officer, bte Cffjsin', -, -en, office, shop ; laboratory, drug store. offnen, tr. (faben), to open. oft (ofter, o'fteft), adv., often, oft, frequently. ofter (3) (comparative o/oft), adv., often, frequently. oftmafd, adv., often, frequently. ulmc 67 pflegen ofjne, prep, (ace.), without, bad Cf|r, -(e)3, -en, ear. Ultjmlriftf), adj., Olympian, Olympic, bte Cperette, -, -n, operetta, little opera, bte Cprif, -, optics. orbnen, tr. (fjaben), to arrange, put in order, bte C minimi, -, -en, order, arrangement. urbnitncK'ltK", adj., disordered, confused. orqanifcf), adj., organic(al). bte Crgef, -, -n, organ, ortenta(ifd), adj., Oriental, East- ern, ber Crt, -(e)8, -e or E er, place, town ; Don alien Orten itnb Snben, from all sides, ber Cfftait, -3, proper name, Ossian, a legendary character of Irish literature. bte Cftcrn, plu., Easter, oftin'bifd), adj., East Indian. ba3 $aar, -(e)3, -e, pair, couple, paaren, tr. (fjaben), to pair ; unite, combine. pacfen, tr. (fyaben), to pack, stow away. bte ^Somi'na, proper name, Pa- mina, the heroine in Mozart's opera, " The Magic Flute." ber ^Santof'fet, -, -n, slipper, bte iMiralid, -, -n, parable, similitude. -, proper name, Paris, the capital of France. bte Cartel', -, -en, party ; Cartel net>men, to take sides with. ber or bte $atc f -n, -n, sponsor, godfather, godmother ; plu., godparents. pcban'ttfd), adj., pedantic, punc- tilious. pcin(tcf), adj., in pain, anxious ; under torture ; under sen- tence, condemned. bte 5|$ettf(f)c, -, -n, whip. bte 93efefd)'c, -, -n, pekeshe, laced coat ; frogged jacket. bte $erle, -, -n, pearl. bte ^erfon', -, -en, person ; character ; plu., people. perfon'ltdj, adj., personal. ber $fob, -(e), -e, path. ber SJSform, -, -, pastor, clergy- man, father. ber ^farrljcrr, -n, -en, pastor, clergyman. bte ^feife, -, -n, pipe ; pipeful. ber pfennig, -3, -e, pfennig, one fourth of a cent, penny ; mite, trifle. bag $fcrb, -(e), -e, horse. bte ^flange, -, -n, plant. pftonjen, tr. (^aben), to plant. bad ^ffoftcr, -8, -, pavement ; (plaster). pflog, fat gepflogen, or reg. tr., to attend, care for ; cherish, nourish ; enjoy ; intr., to be used or accus- tomed to ; be wont. 68 quer bte ^flidjt, -, -en, duty, obliga- tion. bag *fort<$en, -g, -, dim., little gate, postern gate. bte SJSfjantafte', -, -en, fancy, imagination, phantasy. pf)Uofo'pf)tf(f), adj., philoso- phical. ber 5|5U, -e8, -e, mushroom. plagett, tr. (fyaben), to plague, tease, torment, vex. platfcftern, f/r. (fjaben), to splash. bte ^Idtte, -, -n, flat stone, flag. ber tyi&b, -e, "e, place, seat, spot. plijulirti, adv., suddenly, abruptly. plihtbcrn, tr. (fjaben), to plunder, rob, pillage. ber tyobel, -g, mob, rabble, populace, people. bte ^oeftc', -, -n, poetry, poesie. puli'rtfd), adj., political. bte ^olnfthmnia, -, proper name, Polyhymnia, the Muse of the solemn hymn. prtid)ttg, adj., splendid, mag- nificent. praftifd), adj., practical, useful. praffcn, intr. (fjaben), to feast, revel ; riot, carouse. ber ^rebiger, -g, -, preacher, pastor. preifen, prteg, fjat gepriefen, tr., to praise, commend. prtcfcln, tr. and intr. (fjaben), to prickle, itch. bte $$robe, -, -n, test, proof ; bte strobe fatten, to stand the test. ber *Urofef'f0r, -, -en, profes- sor. bet propers', -eng, proper name, Sextus Propertius (c. 49- 16 B.C.), the greatest Latin elegiac poet. ber ^row'for, -S, -en, dispenser, apothecary's assistant. priifcn, tr. (b,aben), to test, examine, try, prove. ber $u!3, -e^, -e, pulse, throb, heart beat. ba $ult, -(e)g, -e, desk, (pul- pit). bie t'uvpc, -, -n, doll, puppet ; baby. bag ^uppenfpiet, -(e)g, -e, pup- pet show or play. ber 9?ufe, -eg, dress, finery, show, attire. pttfeen, tr. ({>aben), to adorn, dress up, primp ; put in order ; 8*> u l?t, dressed up. C quolen, tr. (fjaben), to tease, torment, pain ; refl., toil, drudge, work hard. ber Cuett, -(c)g, -e, (poetical), spring, fountain, source. bte duette, -, -n, spring, foun- tain, source. cwcllcn (quiHt), quott, ift 0e= quollen, intr., to gush forth, spring ; arise. qitcr, adv., across, diagonally. qucttdjcn reidjflefammdt quetfd)en, tr. (fjaben), to squeeze, crowd together, crush. rarficn, rod), b,at gerodjen, tr. (now usually reg.), to avenge, revenge, take vengeance on (an, dot.). bag at gerufen, tr. and intr., to call, summon ; = jurufen, call to. bte Wulje, -, rest, quiet, peace. ru()cn, intr. (fjaben), to rest, take it easy ; exist, be. ruf)ig, adj., quiet, calm, peace- ful. riilimcn, tr. (^aben), to praise ; boast. riiljmltcf), adj., commendable ; honorable, glorious ; adv., with praise, commendably. riHjren, tr. (fjaben), to move, touch, strike ; affect ; intr., be active, touch (an, dal.) ; refl., move, stir, budge ; rtlfjrenb, touching, pathetic. ritljrig, adj., stirring, active. bie !)iul)rnmi, -, feeling, emo- tion. runb, adj., round. bag !)iuiti>, -(e)g, -e, round object ; platter, tray. runbltd), adj., plump, round. riiften, tr. (f)aben), to arm, equip, prepare. riifrifl, adj., robust, vigorous, healthy. bie SRiifrung, -, -en, armor, equipment ; implements. 3nal 72 irtiiiiiiiuMi ber Saal, -(e), Sale, hall, reception room, large room. bie Snat, -, -en, seed, sowing ; standing grain, crops. ber 3iibcl, -8, -, saber, sword. bie 3actic, -, -n, thing, affair ; cause ; duty, business. bad Sad)fen=28eimar, -3, proper name, Saxe-Weimar, one of the states of the German Empire, a grand duchy. fad)t(e), adj., soft, gentle ; slow. bie 3age, -, -n, saw. fagen, tr. (dat.} (Ijaben), to say, tell. ba3 Solicit, -3, -, dim. (2aal), little room. ba 8als, -e$, -e, salt. ber 3ame(n), -(n)3, -n, seed. fammeln, tr. (fjaben), to gather, collect. famtltd), adj., all, all together, collected. fonft, adj., soft, gentle, light. ber 3org, -(e)3, "e, coffin. fauber, adj., neat, clean, dainty. foiier, adj., sour ; bitter, un- pleasant ; hard, difficult. fauerltd), adj., tart, acid, sourish (mineral water). ber Sounding, -3, -e, babe, infant. ber 3aum, -(e), *e, hem, edge, seam. fiiumen, intr. (f)aben), to hesi- tate, delay, tarry ; neglect. ba Saumfal, -, negligence, shiftlessness, laziness, faufcn, //r. (^aben), to rush, bluster, roar, ber Scfyabe(n), -ng, -n or B n, harm, injury ; damage, loss. fd)0lcn, i/r. (dat.) (f)aben), to injure, hurt, bie Sdjobcnfmtbc, -, malicious joy over another's bad luck or discomfiture, bag Srfjaf, -(e)3, -e, sheep, fdjaffcn, fc^uf, b,at gefa^affen, tr., to work, produce, create, bring about ; reg., do, make ; supply, procure ; = anfdjaffen, acquire ; as noun, bag a)affen, -g, working, bie 3(f)or, -, -en, band, troop ; crowd, multitude, f^arf (f(f)arfer, fd^ftrfft), adj., sharp, keen, ber 3d>attcn, -g, -, shadow, shade. fdjattig, adj., shady. ber 3cb,at>, -eS, "e, treasure, fc^ofecn, tr. (fjaben), to value, prize, appreciate ; estimate, judge, bie Sdia'mtnn, -, -en, valuation, estimate, appreciation, fdjaitbcrn, intr. (oor vilh dat.) (Ijaben), to shudder at, shrink from. flatten, tr. (faben), to see, look, behold, view, fd) oumen, intr. (f)aben), to foam, froth, champ. 73 fdllctfen bag ScfyaitfoicI, -(e)g, -e, sight, spectacle ; comedy. ber Sdjeffel, -g, -, bushel. bte tactile, -, -n, pane of glass, round pane. (^nben, fdjteb, ijat gefcfjieben, tr., to part, divide, separate ; intr. (fetn), depart, go away. b:r 8cf)etn, -(e)g, -c, shine, brightness ; looks, show, appearance. bag 8cf)Ctnbilb, -g, -cr, appari- tion, illusion, phantom. fdjdnen, frfticn, b.at gefdjtenen, intr., to seem, appear ; shine, make a show. ber 3djcUc(, -8, -, top, summit ; crown of the head. faelten (fd&tlt), f<$alt, f)at ge= fifjolten, /r., to blame, scold, chide, find fault with ; as noun, bte Scfjcltenben, scold- ing, quarreling people ; bag Sd)elten, -3,. scolding, fault- finding. bte Scfyenfe, -, -n, tavern, inn. fcficnfett, tr. (fyaben), to present, give. bag Scfyerfletn, -g, -, dim., small contribution, mite. ber <2djer5, -eg, -e, joke, jest. f^crjen, j'wir. (f)(iben), to joke, jest. fdjcit, adj., shy, timid, fearful, uncertain. ftffcuen, tr. (fyaben), to shun, avoid, fear, dread ; refl., be afraid. bte Sttyeune, -, -n, barn, granary, storehouse. fcfiirfen, tr. (fjaben), to send. bo^ Sdjirffal, -(e)g, -e, fate, lot, destiny. ber 2d)tffcr, -g, -, sailor, mariner, skipper. fdjtfbern, tr. ({jaben), to picture, depict, describe. ber SdjiCer, -g, proper name, Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805), a famous German poet and dramatist, and a close friend of Goethe's. fcfytmmcrn, intr. (fjaben), to shim- mer, sparkle ; fdjtmmernb, radiant, brilliant. ber 3d)infcn, -g, -, ham. fcfytrren, tr. (fjaben), = anfdf)irren, to harness, hitch up. ber 3(^(af, -(e)g, sleep. ber St^Iafrorf, -(e)g, H e, dressing gown. ber Sdjlog, -(e)g, a e, blow, stroke. Wlagcn (fcfjlagt), fcfjlug, fat gefd^Iagen, tr. and intr., to strike, beat, throb ; fid) ing 5D?ttteI fdjlagen, to intervene, interpose, come to the rescue. fd)(edjt, adj., bad, poor, of no value, worthless. frf)Icid)cn f fdjltd), ift gefdjlicfjen, intr., to sneak, steal, glide. ber 8d)Jetcr, -g, -, veil. ft^fcifcn, fdjltff, !)at gefdjltffen, tr., to polish, grind, cut ; ge= fd)Iiffen, cut (glass). i"rt)lcppcn frfjihtDerfUbcrt ,d)leppen, tr. (h,aben), to drag, move with difficulty, tug; refl., be burdened, loaded down with. fctylictyten, .',-. (h,oben), to adjust, smooth, settle. fd)Ueften, fdjlofe, fjat gefdtfoffen, tr., to shut, close, lock ; refl., join, decide. fdiitCRltd), adv., finally, ulti- mately, in the end. fcftltmm, adj., bad, evil, ill. fdilingcn, fcfjtong., Ijat gefdjtunaen, tr. and refl., to entwine, wind ; tie. bag Sdjlofe, -(ff)eg, E (ff)er, castle. bte 3cf)lof?c, - -n, hailstone ; bin., hail, sleet. ber Stflufe, -(f|)eg, (ff)e, end, closing ; deduction, con- clusion. fdimal, adj., small, narrow. fdltneidjeln, intr. (dat.) (f)aben), to flatter ; refl., flatter one's self, make one's self be- lieve ; gefttllig fdjmetcfjeln, to pay pleasing compliments to. fameljen (fdjmtlgt), fdjmolj, tft Befcfjmoljen, intr., to melt, dis- solve, melt down. ber Sd)mcr5(cn), -eg or -enS, -en, pain, grief, sorrow. frfjmersen, tr., to grieve, pain. ftfjmerjltd), adj., painful, griev- ous. ftftmettcrn, intr. (fjaben), to ring out, peal, sound, bray. ber StfimieJ), -(e), -e, smith, blacksmith, farrier. fdltntegen, tr. (fjaben), to bend, incline ; refl., cling, nestle, press close. ftfymufetji. adj., dirty, filthy, muddy ; sordid. bte Sdjnallc, -, -n, buckle, clasp. fdjnciben, fcfjnttt, f)at gefcf)mtten, tr., to cut, reap, mow. ber Sdjneibcr, -, -, tailor. frfincll, adj., swift, quick, rapid. fc^neflt)crf(t)tt)tnt>enb, part, adj., quickly disappearing. ber 2rf)ntttcr, -g, -, reaper, harvester. bag 2t^nibtt)crf, -(e)g, -e, carv- ing, carved work. f(f)nbb(c), adj., base, mean, vile ; awful. ber Sd>nbrfe( F -3, -, scroll, volute, arabesque. bag 8rf)tuipftucf), -(e)S, er, hand- kerchief. bte Sefynur, -, a e, cord, string. fdjniiren, tr. ({jaben), to lace. frfjon, arff., already, even ; surely, indeed, no doubt. fdjbn, adj., pretty, beautiful, handsome, lovely, fine ; good ; pleasing ; as noun, bie Sdjonften, the most ele- gant, most refined. ufjoncn, tr. (fjaben), to spare, treat considerately, favor. fdjbngeorbnct, adj., beautifully arranged. bte 2d)iinl)cit, -, -en, beauty. f^onDcrftlbcrt, part, adj., beau- tifully silvered. 75 Sdjwerfte fdjiipfcn, /r. (fjaben), to draw or dip (water). ber Sdjranf, -(e)3, "e, cupboard, wardrobe ; cabinet, press. bie djranfe, -, -n, limit, barrier, bound. fdjrcden, tr. (fjctben), to frighten, alarm. ber Sdjrecfen, -3, -, fright, terror, horror. fdjrerfttd), adj., terrible, fright- ful ; fdjrecflid) ben geinben, a terror to the enemy. fdjreifeen, fdjrieb, fyat gefcfjrteben, tr. and intr., to write ; as noun, baS djreiben, -3, writ- ing. ftfjrcicn, fcfjrte, f)at gefdjrieen, intr., to scream, cry, shout, shriek ; as noun, bag @cf)rei(e)n, -8, cries, screaming. fdjrettett, fcfyrttt, ift gefdjrttten, intr., to walk, step, go. bte Shrift, -, -en, writing ; pin., the Scriptures. ber Sdjritt, -(e)3, -e, step, pace. ft^ud)tern, arfj-; sn y> timid. ber Sc^uf), -()*, -e, shoe. bie d)ulb, -, -en, blame, guilt, fault ; debt ; adj., an etn>aS fdjulb fetn, to be the cause of, be to blame for. bie Sdinfe, -, -n, school. bie Sdwlter, -, -n, shoulder. ber Sdjultfjeifc, -en, -en, magis- trate, justice ; mayor. ber (adjure, -n, -n, judge, magistrate ; = 93iirgermeiftcr, head of the village, mayor. fcfyuren, tr. (ftaben), to stir, poke, ' rake. ber 2d)iitt, -(e), debris, ruins, rubbish. fdjiitteln, tr. (fjaben), to shake. fd)iil?cn, tr. (fyuben), to protect, shelter. ber Sdjufegott, -(e), *er, pro- tecting divinity or deity. fdjttmd) (f^roci^er, fddMdjft), adj., weak, feeble ; slender, delicate. bie 3ct)raacf)c, -, -n, weakness. ft^Wonfen, intr. (^aben), to sway, reel, waver, rock to and fro ; fdjtoanfenb, vacillating, vari- able ; uncertain, unsteady, doubtful ; fitful, flickering. fd)rt)ars (fcfjtoarjer, fdjttmrjeft), adj., black. fdjttialjen, fd)tt)Sfecn, intr. (fjaben), to chat, gossip. fduuebcn, intr. (fjaben), to hover, float, linger, soar, be sus- pended. fd)tt)eigen, fdjwteg, b,at gefdjnitegen, intr., to be silent ; fdjltetgenb, silently, in silence, without speaking. ber djttmfe, -(ff)e, sweat, perspiration. bie t^toettc, -, -n, threshold, doorstep. fitter, adj., heavy ; difficult, hard ; grievous, severe. fd)toerlt(f), adv., scarcely, hardly, with difficulty. baS (Srfitoerfte, -n, -n (superla- tive of fdjmer), the hardest, most difficult. Sdjfoert enje bag Sd)ert, -(e)8, -er, sword. bie @$n>efiei:, -, -n, siste.. bte d)nnegertod)rer f -, ", daughter-in-law. ba Sd)nnegerti)d)tcrd)en, -3, -, tWwt., (nice) little daughter- in-law. fdjwingen, fdjroang, h,at ge= fdjnwngen, lr. and refl., to swing, whirl. fd)tt>jjren, fd)tr>ur or fdjroor, b,at gefdjlDoren, Jr. and intr., to swear, vow. bet <2d>njumj, -(e)g, e, swing, impulse ; flight ; tm djlrmnge, as they fell. fed)3, num., six. fed)3mal, aaY, six times. fecftft (-er, -e, -e), num. adj., sixth. fcd)^unb5tt)anjtg, num., twenty- six. fccf)3Clin, num., sixteen. bie Seele, -, -n, soul, mind, heart. ber 8eat gefanbt, or reg., tr., to send ; as noun, ber efanbte, one sent, envoy, ambassador. bte Scnbimg, -, -eu, sending, transmission. fcngen, tr. (fjaben), to burn, scorch, singe. fcnfcn, tr. (fjaben), to sink ; in- cline, lower. bie 2enfe, -, -n, scythe. Senttmentalitfit fifeen bte SenrtmcnraHtat, -, sentimen- tality, sentimentalism. bag 3efeni)Ctm, -g, proper name, Sesenheim, a small city near Strassburg in Alsace, Ger- many. fefecn, tr. (fyaben), to set, place ; put in place ; refl., seat one's self, sit down ; gefefct, settled, steady, sober. feufjen, intr. (fjaben), to sigh. her Seufser, -g, -, sigh. ber Sfjafefpeare, -%, proper name, William Shakespeare (1564- 1616), one of the greatest English poets and dramatists. fid), indeclinable reflexive and reciprocal pron., himself, her- self, itself ; pin., themselves ; reciprocal, one another, each other ; reflexive of ie, yourself, yourselves. ftdjer, adj., secure, firm, sure, positive, certain ; adv., surely, doubtless, with con- fidence. bte Stcfyerfyctt, -, -en, security, safety, protection ; assur- ance, self-possession. fte, personal pron., she, it, they, her ; @ie, you. bag Steb, -(e)g, -e, sieve. fteben, num., seven. ftebenjabrig, adj., seven year old ; ber ftebenjafyrtge $rieg, the Seven Years' War (1756- 1763). ftebcnt (-er, -e, -eg), num. adj., seventh. ftegen, intr. (b,aben), to conquer, triumph. ber teger, -, -, victor, con- queror. ba^ Sitbcr, -, silver. bag SUbergcrat, -(t)%, -e, silver service, silverware. fUbern, adj., silver, of silver. ftngen, fang, f>at gefungen, tr. and intr., to sing ; ftngenb, with my song. ftnfen, fanf, tft gefunfen, intr., to fall, sink, set (sun); finfenb, lowering, setting ; as noun, bag tnfen, -g, the setting, sinking. ber Sinn, -(e)g, -e or -en, sense, mind, spirit, disposition ; understanding, intelligence ; purpose, intention, thought ; in gutem (Stnne, with kindly intention ; mit <5tnne, dis- creetly, wisely. ftnnen, fann, {>at gefonnen, tr. and intr., to think, ponder, in- tend, meditate, plan. finnig, adj., thoughtful ; = be= fonnen, with presence of mind, quickwitted. bte ttte, -, -n, custom ; = ittfamfeit, manners, good breeding ; morals. ftttltd), adj., modest, moral ; = fttttg, well-mannered, polite. ber ife, -eg, -e, seat. ftften, fafe, bat gefeffen, intr., to sit ; = fid) feljen, to sit down, take one's seat ; as noun, bie er= ftreifen, to wander about, roam. ber trett, ~(e), -e, strife, quarrel, fight, dispute. ftretten, ftritt, fjat geftritten, intr., to fight, struggle ; as noun, bte (Streitenben, warriors, com- batants ; those liable to military duty. ber trcitcr, -3, -, warrior, fighter, combatant. ftrcito, adj., strict, stern, severe. ber Strirf, -(e)3, -e, rope, cord ; tug, trace. ba3 trofy, -(e)& -traw. ber Strom, --(,e;S, "e, large stream, river ; current, tor- rent ; throng. ftrofecn, intr. (fyaben), to be swollen ; Frftfttfi ftroijenb, of vigorous growth. ber Strubel, -, -, whirl, whirl- pool, vortex. ba 3tiil)ri)cn, -3, -, dim., little room, bte tube, -, -n, room, heated room, (stove). ba Stiirf, -(e)S, -e, piece, article ; (stick), ber Stubcnt', -en, -en, student, ftubie'ren, ftubterte, I)at ftubiert. intr., to study, bag Stubiunt, -8, -ten, study, pursuit ; course, bte Stufe, -, -n, step ; stage ; plane, bte StuHotur', -, -en, stucco, stuccowork. ftumm, adj., silent, dumb, mute. ba3 Stiinbcfycn, -3, -, dim., short hour ('s walk), bte Stitnbe, -, -n, hour, time ; league ; = 3 a f) re ^3eit, season, ber Sturm, -(e)3, K e, storm, tempest. fturmen, intr. (fyaben), to storm, rush ; = etnfturmen, to rush upon ; sound the alarm ; bte ftilrmenbe locfe = bte turntglocfe, alarm bell, ftiirjen, intr. (fetn), to fall, plunge, bte Stiibc, -, -n, prop, support, ftuljen, tr. (fjaben), to trim. ftu'Uen, tr. ({jaben), to support, prop ; tntt bem Slrme fleftliljt, leaning on his arm. fu elicit, tr. (fjaben), to seek, look for. ber Siirtout', -8, -3 (pron. feiirtu'), surtout, overcoat, filfe, adj., sweet, bte sene, -, -n, scene. tabeln 82 ttef tabeln, tr. (fjaben), to blame, find fault with, censure ; dis- approve of ; as noun, bag Jabeln, -g, faultfinding. bie Xttfel, -, -n, table ; large pane of glass ; frame, panel. ber Jag, -(e), -e, day ; the present ; pin. = ?ebtage, days of one's life, lifetime ; ju Jage treten, to appear, come to light ; adv., tag,(e)g border, on the day before. ta'flitdi, adv., daily. bag Xal, -(e)g, "er, valley. talenttJofl, adj., talented, gifted, accomplished. ber Jalcr, -g, -, taler, a German coin worth seventy-five (75) cents. It gets its name from Joachimstal, where it was first made (1518). ber Xomi'no, -g, proper name, Tamino, the hero in Mozart's opera, the " Magic Flute." ber anj, -eg, "e, dance. tapfcr, adj., brave, courageous. bie Xttfdje, -, -n, pocket. ber Xaffo, -g, proper name, Tasso, the title and hero of one of Goethe's dramas. bie at, -, -en, deed, action. totig, adj., industrious, busy, active, energetic. bie Jottgleit, -, -en, activity, industry, energy. ber Xaufcf), -eg, tt e, exchange, trade. taufdicn, tr. (fyaben), to exchange, trade, taufdjcn, tr. (Ijoben), to deceive, disappoint, taufcnbmol, adv., a thousand times. bag Je eitm, -g, proper name, Te Deum, a Latin hymn of praise and thanksgiving. ber Seil, -(e)g, -e, share, part ; jum Jetl, in part, tctlcn, tr. (fyaben), to divide, share. bie Jenne, -, -n, threshing-floor, bie Jerpft'djore, -, proper name, Terpsi'chore, the Muse of the choral dance and song. tcuer, adj., dear, costly, rare. precious ; as noun, bag Jeure, what is dear, ber egt, -eg, -e, text, words, libretto. ber lejtor, -g, Textor, the fam- ily name of Goethe's mother. bie XfyaH'd, -, proper name, Thalia, the Muse of comedy and idyllic poetry. bag Xfjca'ter, -g, -, theater, bie ()ca'ierfcf)ulc, -, -n, school for actors, theaterschool. bie Jfieoric', -, -n, theory, ber t)oranc' r -g, proper name, Thoranc, a French count who was quartered in Goethe's father's house during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). ttef, adj., deep ; itn ttefften ^erjen, in the depths of the heart. Sicr 83 trcu bag tcr, -(e)g, -c, animal, beast, brute. tilgcn, tr. (fyaben), to efface, biot out, destroy. ber ifcfy, -(e)g, -e, table ; nadj ild), after dinner. ber tfd)(er, -g, -, cabinet maker, carpenter. ber itel, -8, -, title, heading. ber Xo'bad or Xobaf, -(e)g, -e, archaic for Ja'baf, tobacco. bte otf)ter, -, K , daughter. ba 6cf)terrf)en, -g, -, dim., (dear or nice) little daughter. ber ob, -(e), -e or Sobegfiitte, death. tiincn, iw/r. (fjaben), to sound, ring. bag or, -(e)g, -c, gate, gate- way ; door, arch, doorway. tbrtd)t, adj., foolish, mad. ber ortt)eg, -(e)g, -e, doorway, archway, gateway. tbten, tr. (fjaben), to kill, murder. traa.cn (tragt), true, f>at getragen, tr., to bear, carry ; endure ; wear ; refl., be carried ; = abtragen, to wear out ; worn, old ; as noun, ba3 Iragen, -g, carrying. bte irago'bie, -, -n (pron. te = je). tragedy. bte 2rane, -, -n, tear. bte Xrouftc, -, -n, grape, cluster of grapes. traucn, intr. (dat.) (fjaben), to trust. trauHt^, adj., confiding, inti- mate, cordial ; cheery ; friendly, affectionate ; fa- miliar ; cozy, comfortable. ber raum, -(e)3, fl e, dream, reverie. troumcrtfcft, adj., dreamy. traun, inter j., truly ! indeed ! forsooth ! traurig, adj., sad, melancholy, sorrowful, unpleasant. ber raurinfl, -(e), -e, wedding ring. traut, adj., beloved, dear, trusted ; as noun, bte Jraute, the beloved one. treffen (trifft), traf, f)at getroffen, tr., to strike, hit ; meet, find ; touch ; agree, coincide ; wound, hurt ; treffenb, ap- propriate, felicitous, cutting. treffUd), adj., admirable, ex- cellent ; adv., well ; as noun, ba Jreffttcfye, noble deed. trct&en, trteb, fyat getrteben, tr., to drive, urge on ; impel ; impersonal, eg trieb tnicf), I was impelled, I had the impulse ; as noun, bag Iretben, -g, wandering. rrcnncn, tr. (fjaben), to separate, part ; refl., dissolve. bte reWe, -, -n, stairs, flight of steps. tretcn (trttt), trat, tft getreten, intr., to tread, step, go, walk ; tr. (fjaben), tread out ; feljlte tretenb, made a misstep. trcu, adj., true, trusty, faith- ful. Jrcite iibcrnll bie Jreue, -, fidelity, loyalty, faithfulness. trculicf), adv., faithfully. ber rieb, -(e)g, -e, impulse, instinct, inclination, bent. tricfcn, troff, hat getroffen, intr. or reg., to drip. rrinfen, tranf, bat gerrunfen, tr. and intr., to drink ; as noun, bag Jrinfen, -g, drinking ; something to drink. ber Xrttt, -(e)g, -e, step, kick. ber Jrorf)a'u5, -, -(tt)en, trochee, a verse foot consisting of a long and a short syllable, ^ . trorfcn, adj., dry. trorfnen, tr. (haben), to dry. ber Xrog, -(e)g, "e, trough. bie Trommel, -, -n, drum. bie Jrompe'te, -, -n, trumpet. ber Iroft, -(e)g, comfort, con- solation. trbftett, tr., to console, comfort ; getroftet, comforted, with a light heart. troftluf), adj., comforting. ber Trote, -eg, defiance, ob- stinacy. ber Xrobfopf, -(e)g, "e, stubborn head, headstrong fellow. triiben, tr. (haben), to roil, make turbid or muddy ; trouble, sadden, cloud ; refl., be- come overcast, grow dark. ba Iriibfal, -8, -e, trouble, adversity, affliction. rriigctt, trog, ^at getrogen, tr. and intr., to deceive. triiglicf), adj., deceptive, illusive. bie XruUe, -, -n, trollop, huzzy, wench. bag Trimmer, -$, -, plu., frag- ments, ruins, debris. ber Iritnf, -(e)8, tt e, drink, draft. ber Xrupp, -(e)g, -e, troop, band. bag id), -(e)g, "er, cloth, ma- terial ; = Jafc^entud), hand- kerchief. tiiciuiflr adj., capable, able, strong, large. bie Xiirfc, -, -n, spite, malice, craft. tiitfifd), adj., crafty, tricky, malicious, spiteful. bie Xugcnb, -, -en, virtue. tugcnbftaft, adj., virtuous, good. tun, tat, hat getan, tr. and intr., to do, act, make ; Scfjmte tun, to take steps. bie iir(e), -, -n, door, gate. ber urm, -(e)g, "e, tower. U ubel, adj., evil, ill, wrong ; adv., ill^ badly. bag Ubel, -g, -, evil, ill, wrong ; unpleasantness, trouble, mis- chief, misfortune. iiben, tr. (fyaben), to exercise, practice ; employ, train ; show ; geiibt, skilled, prac- ticed. itber, prep. (dat. and ace.), adv., sep. and insep. pref., over, above ; by, by way of, across ; beyond ; on account of, on, about, concerning. iibcrall', adv., everywhere. iiUcrliotflcn 85 urn ii'berbcitgen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to bend over ; refl., bend or stoop over. iiberblct'ben, uberblteb, ift iiber= blieben, inlr., to be left, remain over ; liberblieben, adj., left over, remaining. iiberbUrf' en, insep. tr. (fyaben), to overlook, survey, look down upon. iibercilt', part. adj. (iiberet'Ien), hasty, rash, precipitate, bie iiberct'Iung, -, -en, rashness, precipitation, overhastiness, extreme haste, iiberfat'lcn (iiberfatlt), iiberftel, tat iiberfalten, tr., to fall upon, attack, surprise, ber it'berfhifj, -(ff)e3, plenty, abundance, superfluity. iiberge'bcn (itbergibt), iibergab, fyat iibergeben, tr., to give over, surrender ; deliver, ii'bcrgepacft, part. adj. (ti'ber= pacfen), = iiberparft', over- packed, overloaded, piled high. iibergie'feen, iibergofe, fjat iiber= goffen, tr., to pour over ; suffuse ; cover, iibergof'fen, part. adj. (tiber= gtefeen), suffused, covered with. iiberlttf'fen (iiberlafet), ilberliefe, tjat liberlaffen, tr. (dat.), to intrust, leave, give over ; refl., give way to, abandon one's self to. iiberle'gen, insep. tr. (faben), to reflect, consider. iibermutig, adj., haughty, im- pertinent, insolent, mischiev- ous. it bent ad) 'ten, insep. inlr. (Ijaben), to spend the night. tt'bcrparfen, sep. tr. (fyaben), = itberparf'en, to overpack, over- load, pile high ; iibergepadft, overloaded. iiberra'f(f)cn, insep. tr. (^aben), to surprise, take unawares ; as noun, bie Uberrafdjte, one taken by surprise. ii'bcrrcif, adj., over-ripe. ii'berrfyct'nifd), adj., across the Rhine, transrhenian. bie iiberfe^'ung, -, -en, trans- lation. iibernrie'gen, iiberroog, f)at iiber= ttiogen, tr., to outweigh, sur- pass, prevail ; ubernnegenb, resistless, all-prevailing, pre- ponderant. ber ij'bcrjug, -(e)8, "e, case, covering, pillow-case, sheet ; coat. itbrtg, adj., over, left, remain- ing ; ilbrig bletben, to be left over, remain ; as noun, bad Ubrtge, the rest, that remain- ing ; bie Ubrtgen, those re- maining. bie itbitng, -, -en, exercise, practice. ba lifer, -3, -, shore, bank. um, prep, (ace.), adv., sep. and insep. pref., near, about, around ; for, concerning, with regard to ; about umormcn umtrcibcn (time) ; at ; unt . . . gu (with inf.), to, in order to ; unt fo mefjr, so much the more ; urn DieleS, for a great deal, umar'men, insep. Ir. (fjaben), to embrace. bie Umar'tmmg, -, -en, embrace, um'bilben, sep. tr. (fjaben), to transform, fashion anew, ber llmfang, -(e)8, "e, circuit, range, extent, circumference. umfan'gett (umfangt), umfing, b,at umfangen, tr., to embrace, enfold. ber Umgong, -(e), "t, associa- tion, intercourse, company, society, conversation, umge'bcn (umgtbt), umgab, f>at umgeben, tr., to surround, inclose, um'gcbilbet, part. adj. (urn* bilben), transformed, refash- ioned, made new. itmge'ften, umgtng, fiat umgangen, tr., to go around, traverse, inspect. itm'gefiU)(en, sep. tr. (fjaben), to undermine, overturn, plow up. umsau'ncn, tr. (fjaben), to fence about, inclose with a hedge. un'abltiinatg, adj., independent. unabfaf'ftflr adj., incessant, un- ceasing, continual. utwbfcft/Hrf), adj., = unabfefybar, out of sight, farther than the eye can reach. un'angcne^m, adj., unpleasant, disagreeable ; as noun, ba3 Unangenefyrrtfte, the most un- pleasant happenings. bie lln'art, -, -en, bad manners, rudeness, naughtiness. un'bebeutenb, part, adj., insig- nificant, unimportant, tri- fling ; as noun, ba3 Unbe= beutenbe, the unimportant. unbcfiait'en, part. adj. (befjauen), unhewn, uncut. un'befannt, part, adj., (fennen), unknown, unfamiliar. un'befdjenft, part. adj. (be= fc^enfen), without a gift. un'befonncn, part. adj. (befmnen), thoughtless, indiscreet, in- considerate. unbcrucfl'Hd), adj., motionless, immovable. unbertJcgt', part. adj. (betoegen), unmoved. bie Un'tiitt, -, Unbtlben, injury, wrong, injustice. unb, conj., and ; unb ftienn, = menn au<^, even if. tinenb'Hd), adj., unending, end- less, infinite. unentbefir'lid), adj., indispen- sable. un'erfabjen, part. adj. (erfafjren), inexperienced. bag Unerforfdf'ltdje, -n, -n, (adj. as noun), the impenetrable, unexplorable. tin'crmiibct, part. adj. (ermiiben), unwearied, untiring. itn'crmub'lid), adj., untireable, incessant. uncr ttmr'tet, part. adj. (ermarten), unforeseen, unexpected. ber lln'fatt, -(e)^, "e, mishap, accident, misfortune, dis- aster. un'gcbdrbtg, adj., rude, unman- nerly ; in an unseemly man- ner. bie Un'gcbulb, -, impatience. un'gcbulbig, adj., impatient, anx- ious ; as noun, ber Un= gebulbige, the impatient per- son. wt'gered)t, adj., unjust, unfair. un'gern, adv., reluctantly, un- willingly ; with a verb, not to wish or like to. ungefciumt', part. adj. (fttumen), prompt, immediate ; adv., at once, without delay. lliuiliicf 88 umuilliii ba Un'glurf, -, UnflliicfSfalle, misfortune, adversity, dis- tress, unhappiness. bie UntDerftiat', -, -en (pron. toer), university. un'funbig, adj., unacquainted with (gen.). un'lciblid) or itnleib'licf), adj., in- tolerable, insufferable. unmog'Hd), adj., impossible ; as noun, bag UnmogltcJje, im- possibilities. un'mutig, adj., cross, ill- humored, out of sorts. ber Un'rat, -(e)3, rubbish, ref- use. bag Un'rccftt, -8, wrong, in- justice ; unrest fjaben, to be wrong ; mit Unrest, wrong- fully, be wrong in. un'rulng, adj., restless, troubled, disturbed. un'fd)ab(id), adj., harmless, in- offensive, innocent. un3, personal pron. (ace. 0/tt)tr), us ; reciprocal, each other. bie Un'fdjitlb, -, innocence. un'fer, unfre, possessive adj. and pron., our, ours ;, as noun. bie Unfertt, our people. un'fidjer, adj., uncertain, in- secure, unsteady, waver- ing. un'ten, adv., below, beneath, down ; down-stairs. un'ter, prep. (dat. and ace.), adv., sep. and insep. pref., under, beneath ; between, among ; during, in. un'ter, comparative adj., lower, inferior ; unterft, superlative, lowest, at the bottom. unterbriid'en, insep. tr. (fjaben), to oppress, suppress. imteretnan'bcr, adv., with one another, together ; mutually. unterfyaCtcn (unterfjalt), unter= {jtelt, f)at unterfjalten, tr., to support ; entertain ; refl., amuse one's self, entertain, converse. bcr Hn'terfdjieb, -(e)S, -e, differ- ence, distinction. un'terfi, adj., lowest, at the bottom. bie Hnterfriife'iing, -, -en, as- sistance, support ; prop, underpinning. bie Hn'treu(e), -, unfaithfulness, inconstancy. un'Derbtent, part. adj. (oerbienen), undeserved, unmerited. un'Bertragltd), adj., intolerable, irreconcilable ; quarrelsome, unsociable ; hard to get along with. unucrrocrfluf), adj., unobjection- able, unimpeachable, irre- futable. unBerscift'lid), adj., inexcusable, unpardonable. unuoflen'bet, part. adj. (ol(en= ben), incomplete, unfinished. im't)orftd|rtg, adj., improvident, imprudent, careless. unroiberftefi'lid), adj., irresistible. un'ratQtg, adj., indignant, angry, displeased. unttmrbig 89 tterbanfen un'ftwrbig, adj., unworthy (hence incapable). un'sufrieben, adj., dissatisfied. bte Ura'nia, -, proper name, Ura- nia, the Muse of astronomy. ber SBotcr, -3, tt , father ; an- cestor ; husband (familiar). bag SSoterlonb, -(e)3, fatherland, native land. tmtcrttd), adj., fatherly, paternal, ancestral. bte SBaterftabt, -, native city or town, birthplace. Denetia'nifd), adj. (pron. toenejt), Venetian ; Sknetiamfdje @bt= gramme, Venetian Epigrams, a collection of Goethe's poems. fcer-, unaccented, insep. pref., out, away, to an end ; amiss. tocrodj'ten, tr. (fiaben), to despise, scorn, condemn. toeraCtet, part. adj. (beralten), out-of-date, antiquated. toerd'n'bern, tr. (f)aben), to change, transform ; intr., make changes, alter ; refl., change, be changed, vary ; Deranbert, changed, trans- formed. bte SBera'n'b(e)ritng, -, -en, change, alteration, repairs. toerar'men, tr. (fyaben), to make poor, impoverish ; as noun, ber Serarmte, impoverished person. toerban'nen, tr. (fiaben), to banish, outlaw, proscribe ; berbannt, banished, in exile, tabooed.. tterber'gen (oerbtrgt), toerbarg, bat berborgen, tr., to hide, conceal, contain ; guard, shelter ; refl., be hidden; berborgen, hidden, secret. berbef'fern, tr. (fjaben), to im- prove, make better. Ucrbin'ben, berbanb, b,at berbunben, tr., to bind, unite, marry ; place under obligation ; refl., marry (mtt). bte fficrbin'bung, -, -en, union, association ; marriage. ticrbor'gcn, part. adj. (berbergen), hidden, concealed, secret, tierbrannt', part. adj. (ber= brennen), burned. Dcrbrou'nen, tr. (f)aben), to brown, discolor, tarnish ; ber= braunt, tarnished, bag SSerbre'cfyen, -8, -, crime, offense, misdemeanor, ber SSerbre'cfyer, -8/ -, criminal, malefactor. bcrbrct'ten, tr. (baben), to spread out, expand ; berbrettet, wide, broad. tierfcren'ncn, berbrannte, fat ber= brannt, tr., to burn, singe. scorch ; consume. tterbiin'ben, tr. (f>aben), to ally ; unite in a league ; berbilnbet, allied, leagued together. bcrbun'bcn, part. adj. (berbtnben), united, joined together. Berbcnf'cn, tr. (fjaben), to owe, tierbcrfen 90 bergletdien be indebted for, have to j thank for. tierbcrf'en, tr. (fjoben), to cover (up) ; Derberft, covered. Berber 'ben (oerbtrbt), oerbarb, fjat Derborben, also reg., tr., to spoil, ruin, corrupt ; Der= berbt, degenerate, depraved, corrupt. toerbcrb'Hdj, adj., destructive. Uerbie'nen, tr. (fjaben), to earn ; deserve, merit ; be worthy of. ba3 SBerbienft', -(e)8, -e, merit, desert ; nadj 33erbienft, as de- served, according to deserts. Derbop'peln, tr. (fjaben), to re- double, quicken. toerbrte'tfen, Derbrofj, fjat ber= broffen, tr., to vex, grieve, provoke. tierbrtefe'Iirf), adj., vexed, an- noyed, cross, sullen ; annoy- ing, vexatious. ber JBerbrufe', -(ff)e, annoyance, irritation, vexation. tterbun'feht, tr. (fjaben), to dim, darken, obscure ; outclass, eclipse ; Derbunfelt, out- classed, quite cast in the shade ; as noun, ba$ %$&- bunfeln, -g, darkening, ob- scuring. tierefy'ren, tr. (f)aben), to honor, respect, revere ; bestow, present, honor with a gift. bte SBereft/rung, -, respect, honor, veneration. toerctn'igen, tr. (fjaben), to unite. ttcrfal'tcn (DerfoUt), Derfiel, tft Derfatten, intr., to fall down, go to ruin, get out of repair ; Derfatfen, in ruins. Derfau'Ien, intr. (fetn), to decay, rot. Bcrfcr'tigen, tr. (fjaben), to con- struct, make, prepare, manu- facture ; berferttgt, made, manufactured. uerfol'gcn, tr. (fjaben), to follow, pursue, aim at ; study. erfiifi/ren f tr. (fjaben), t lead astray, mislead ; Dcrfiifjrt, misled, led astray. Dergang'Hd), adj., perishable, transient, fleeting, tempo- rary ; worthless. Bcrge'bcn (oergtbt), oergub, I)at Oergeben, tr., to forgive. ticrgc'bcn^, adv., in vain, to no purpose. Bergeb'Hd), adj., vain, useless, idle, fruitless ; needless, unnecessary ; adv., in vain. ttcrgc'tjen, oergtng, tft oergangen, intr., to pass away, cease. tjcrget'ten (bergilt), oergalt, fjat Dergolten, tr., to repay, requite. ttcrgcf'fcn (oergtfet), ftergafe, fjat ftergeffen, tr., to forget. ergtc%n, DergoB, f)at Dergoffen, tr., to pour out, spill, shed. Derglcidj'bar, adj., comparable to (dat.). Bcrglct'dicn, Derglirf), f)at &er= glicfjcn, tr., to compare, equal- ize ; reft., resemble, be like, compare with ; toet* gleidjenb, comparative. SBergnitgen 91 SBerluft bag SBergnii'gen, -g, -, pleasure, satisfaction. Bergol'ben, tr. (fjaben), to gild. bte SSergol'bung, -, gilding. toerljal'tcn (berfjaft), Derfjtelt, fjat feerifjaften, refl., to be related ; act, conduct one's self. bag 8Serfi,alt'm3, -(ff)e, -(ff)e, re- lation, situation, circumstance. tjerfjar'ren, intr. (fjaben and fetn), to persevere, persist in (auf) ; adhere to (in), remain, con- tinue. tterfjofet', part. adj. (berfjaffen), hated, odious, hateful. t>erf)aii'cf)cn, tr. (fjaben), to breathe out, exhale. berfjcft/Ien, tr. (fjaben), to con- ceal, hide. fcerf)in'bcrn, tr. (fjaben), to hinder, prevent. toerfjiU'fen, tr. (fjaben), to veil, hide, disguise ; cover, wrap. toerfjii'ten, tr. (fjaben), to avert, ward off, prevent, guard against (dat.). bte SBertr'rung, -, -en, error, madness. tocrjiing'en, tr. (fjaben), to make young, rejuvenate ; refl., be- come young again. toerfau'fen, tr. (fjaben), to sell. ticrfen'nen, berfannte, fat tter= fannt, tr., to misjudge, mis- understand, misinterpret, disregard, fail to recognize. toerfltng'en, oerflang, ift ber= Hungen, intr., to die away (of sounds). toerfiht'ben, lr. (fjaben), to an- nounce, proclaim. ber SSerfun'bcr, -g, -, herald, announcer, proclaimer. ticrtong'en, tr. (fjaben), to long for, desire, demand, ask for ; as noun, bag S3erlangen, -8, longing, desire. toerlaf'fcn (berlafjt), fterltefj, f)at berlaffen, tr., to abandon, leave, desert, forsake, give up. tjcrlau'fcn, part. adj. (oerlaufen), vagrant, straggling, fugitive. Derlcbcn, tr. (fjaben), to live through, spend (one's life). tjerle'gen, part. adj. (oerlegen), embarrassed, perplexed, at a loss. bte *Berle'genf)ett, -, -en, con- fusion, embarrassment. Derlefe'en, tr. (fjaben), to injure, wound, offend. uerltebt', part. adj. (oerlteben), in love, beloved ; as noun, ber or bte S3erltebte, beloved one, lover. tierUe'ren, oertor, fjat tterloren, tr., to lose. toerlo'ben, tr. (fjaben), to betroth, affiance, engage ; as noun, ber or bte S?erlobte, betrothed, fiance, fiancee. bie S3erlo'bung, -, -en, engage- ment, betrothal. toerto'ren, part. adj. (berlteren), lost ; as noun, bag 25ertorene, what was lost ; bte frill) berlorene, who died young. ber SSerfoft', -(e)g, -e, loss. ttcrmcftrcn 92 crfcJ)cn tocrntc^'ren, refl. and tr. (h,aben), to increase, augment, mul- tiply. tiermei'ben, Dermieb, tjat Dermieben, tr.. to avoid, shun. ttermif'fcn, tr. (fjaben), to miss, feel the loss of, be without. ttetmb'gen (oermag), bertnodjte, f)at Oermoc^t, tr., to be able, have the power, ability, or capacity to do ; Dermogenb, adj., rich, wealthy, well- to-do ; roenig Dermogenb, of small means, with limited resources ; as noun, bag JBertnogen, -9, power, ability, faculty ; fortune, means, resources ; property, wealth. ttcrmum'mcn, tr. (fjaben), to mask, disguise ; Dermumntt, in disguise, masked. Dermut'Udj, adj., presumable, likely, supposed, probable ; adv., presumably, I suppose. toerneti'men (Dernimmt), Demount, f>at tternommen, tr., to hear, perceive. tiernicfy'ten, tr. (fyaben), to undo, destroy, annihilate, bring to naught. bie JBernunft', -, reason, good sense, judgment. tierniinf'tig, adj., sensible, reasonable, judicious, ra- tional. berpfltc&'ten, tr. and refl. (fyaben), to obligate, pledge, bind. tterrtdrten, tr. (fjaben), to do, accomplish, perform. ber SerS, -e, -e, verse, strophe, stanza. Derfa'gen, tr. (fjaben), to deny, refuse ; as noun, bag S?er= fagte, what has been refused. fccrfam'mdn, tr. and refl. (Ijaben), to gather, assemble ; collect. erfd)enf'cn, tr. (tjaben), to be- stow, give away, dispose of. tierftfceu'dfen, tr. (fjaben), to drive or scare away, frighten away, dispel. t>erfrf)ic'bcn, part. adj. (Der* f^etben), various, different, unlike, tierft^fte'feen, oerfcf)Ioc, fat toer* fcf)Io|"|"en, tr., to close, shut ; lock. tteridjltng'en, berfcfjlang, f;at oer= fcfilungen, tr., to swallow, consume ; engulf ; efface ; Oerfdjlingenb, obscuring, berfdjmacfi'tcn, intr. (fein), to pine away, languish. Berf^ma'ftcn, tr. (^aben), to scorn, despise, disdain, bie SBerfdjo'mtng, -, sparing, indulgence, forbearance ; quarter. &crfd)iitten, tr. (fjaben), to bury, cover (by ruins) ; overcome, overwhelm. , oerfd)manb, ift oer= intr., to vanish, disappear, ttcrfe'iien (oer|'ief)t), berfat), fjat Derfefjen, tr., to supply, provide; manage, look after. ttcrfc^en 93 toerrtwfjren tocrfelj'en, inlr. (fyaben), to answer, reply, retort (quickly). Derftdj'ern, lr. (fyaben), to assure. bie S3erfid)'(e)rung, -, -en, as- surance, pledge, guarantee. tjerfifict'ren = Derftftjie'ren (past part. berfifijtert), intr. (fyaben), (pron. irer), to versify. DerfU'&crn, tr. (fyaben), to silver (over), plate with silver. bag SBer^mufe, -eg, -e, meter, measure. bcrfbfj'ncn, tr. (fyaben), to recon- cile ; refl., be reconciled, make one's peace with. fccrfor'gen, tr. (fjaben), to care for, provide ; support ; at- tend to. Uerfpen'ben, tr. (fjaben), to dis- tribute, give away, dispose of. fcerfjjot'ten, tr. (fjuben), to mock, make fun or sport of. toerfpredi'en (Derfpridjt), berfpradj, fyat berfprodjen, tr., to prom- ise. ber SSerftanb', -(e)8, understand- ing, mind ; sense, intelli- gence ; fyelier SSerftanb, com- mon sense. berfton'big, adj., wise, sensible, intelligent, prudent ; as noun, ber S3erftanbtge, sensible man. berftau'ben, intr. (fein) and refl. (fyaben), to get dusty, be covered with dust ; t>er[taubt, dusty. Uerfterf'en, tr. (^aben), to hide, conceal from (Dor). toerfte'l)en, berftcmb, Jjat berftanben, tr., to understand ; iljr t)er= ftefjt eS, you understand your business. bie aSerftel'Iung, -, -en, misstate- ment, disguise, hypocrisy ; loss of position. berfu'cf>en, tr. (fyuben), to at- tempt, try, test ; tempt ; berfudjenb, searching, testing, tentative. toerfit'fecn, tr. (fyaben), to sweeten ; make up for. ttertei'bigcn, tr. (l)aben), to de- fend. tiertct'Ien, tr. (fyaben), to dis- tribute, allot, divide, scatter. Uertra'gen (oertragt), oertrug, fyat ttertragen, tr., to bear, endure, put up with, agree ; refl., be reconciled ; forbear, be conciliatory. ticrtrag'ltcf), adj., forbearing, conciliatory, friendly, peace- able. tiertrou'en, tr. (dat.) (fjaben), to trust, confide in ; intrust, commit ; as noun, bag SBertrauen, -3, trust, con- fidence. Dcrrrau'Iid), adj., intimate, familiar ; private, confiden- tial. bertret'bcn, bertrieb, fat to>r* trieben, tr., to drive away, exile, banish ; as noun, bie 93ertriebenen, exiles, emigrants. toertoafj'ren, tr. (tjaben), to keep, guard, preserve. toernmUen 94 tierwal'ten, tr. (b,aben), to man- age, conduct, administer. Derwan'befn, tr. (fjaben) to trans- form, change ; refl., be changed, transformed. ier or bit JBerttmnb'tc, -n, -n, relative, kinsman. bte JBerttmnbt'faaft, -, -en, re- lationship, kinship. Serwe'gen, adj., bold, daring, audacious, rash. tterWefj'ren, tr. (Ijaben), to hinder, prevent, resist, forbid. ttcrwei'len, intr. (fjaben), to linger, stay, tarry. BerlDen'ben, tr. (fjaben), to make use of, employ, apply ; be- stow. Dernrir'ren (reg. and past part. toerroorren), tr. (fjaben), to confuse, perplex, bewilder ; Dernrirrt, in confusion. bie SBerwir'rung, -, -en, con- fusion, distraction, perplexity. tjcrroor'ren, part. adj. (oernnrren), bewildered, confused ; as noun, ber Skrn>orrene, one confused. oerttwn'bett, tr. (fyaben), to wound, hurt, harm. Btrttmn'bern, tr. (fjaben), to sur- prise, amaze, astonish ; as noun, bie SSertounberte, one astonished. Berja'flen, intr. (fyaben), to de- spair, lose courage, be dis- mayed. toersety'reit, tr. (faben), to con- sume, devour, waste. n, norjteh,, ^at oerjie^cn, tr. (dat.), to forgive, pardon. tjcrjie'ren, tr. (fjaben), to decor- ate, adorn, embellish. bte SBersttJCtf'tung, -, despair, desperation. ba Sieft, -, cattle. tJtd (met)r, mei|t), adj., much, a great deal ; plu., many ; fo ttiel aurf), no matter how much. Dtclbebiirfenb, part, adj., exact- ing or needing much, causing great need. tnelbegef)renb, part, adj., desir- ing much, greedy. Bielfarf), adj., manifold, of many kinds. Dtelgcfaftet, part, adj., gathered closely, full, in many folds. Dtefleidjt', adv., perhaps, per- chance, probably. t)ielmal(3), adv., many times. Dtelmefjr', adv., much more ; conj., on the contrary, rather. Btelfettig, adj., many-sided, ver- satile, of many talents. bier, num., four ; mere, archaic for bier. tiert (-er, -e, -e$), num. adj., fourth. baS SBierteljaforljunbert, -3, -e, quarter of a century. bag Sogletn, -3, -, dim., little bird. ba SSolf, -(e), B er, folk, people, nation ; set, class of people. ba CoIfSbud), -(e)3, a er, popu- lar book, chap-book. SJJotfsIicb 95 SB or 9 often ba SSottSHeb, -(e), -er, folk song, popular song. Doff, adj., adv., sep. and insep. pref., full of (gen.), complete, whole. woflbrtn'gcn, bottbrodjte, f)at boll* bradjt, tr., to complete, ac- complish, perform, execute, do, carry on. fcoflcn'ben, insep. tr. (fjaben), to finish, perfect, end, com- plete, mature ; transform ; jum SJJanne bottenben, to make a man of ; refl., be per- fected. bte JBoHen'bung, -,, -en, comple- tion, finish, perfection. toottfiifj'rcn, insep. tr. (fyaben), to carry out, execute, complete. tobllifl, adj., whole, entire, com- plete ; adv., fully. Dottfum'mcn, adj., perfect. ber SBoflmonb, -(e)S, -e, full moon. Don, prep, (dat.), of, from, by, with, because of, about, con- cerning. Dor, prep. (dat. and ace.), adv., and sep. accented pref., in front of, before, from, ago ; because of, of ; above ; bor client, above all, first of all ; in the presence of all ; bor fid) f)tn, straight ahead. i)orau3' and ttor'auS, adv. and sep. pref., before, ahead, in advance ; beforehand, pre- viously ; tm boraug, in ad- vance, beforehand. orait3'fefien (fiefjt borauS), faf) DorauS, t)at DoraugQefefyen, tr., to foresee. toorbei', adv. and sep. pref., past, by, gone. Dorbet'benjegen, sep. refl. (fyaben), to move past, uurbci'tracicn (tragt Dorbet), trug Corbet, fjat borbetgetragen, ir., to carry past. tiorbet'steijen, jog oorbei, ift Borbet= gcjogen, intr., to move past, pass by. tjor'bringen, brang bor, ift bor* gebrungen, intr., to advance, push forward. tjor'eUen, sep. intr. (fetn), to hasten ahead, advance rapidly. ba SBor'gefit&X --, -e, presenti- ment, anticipation, misgiving, ttorfjcr', adv. and sep. pref., before, previously. ttorf)cr'gef|enb, part, adj., fore- going, preceding, preliminary. uorl)tn', adv., a little while ago, recently. toor'fommen, font bor, ift or= gefomnten, intr., to occur, happen ; appear, seem ; precede, come sooner than, tiorn(e), adv., in front, before ; bon borne, from the beginning, anew. tior'nefymcn (ntmmt bor), nafytn bor, f)at borgenomnten, tr., to take up, undertake, ber SBorpoften, -, -, outpost, guard. SBorrcbe 96 bte SBorrcbc, -, -n, preface. ber Sorfafe, -ee, "t, purpose, design, resolution. bor'frf)ieben, fdjob nor, h,at toor= gefifjoben, tr., to push forward or ahead. bor'fef)cn (fiebt ttor), fab. Dor, b,at Dorgefefjen, /r., to foresee, provide for ; refl., be on one's guard, look out, aim, take heed, bte SBorftdjt, -, -en, foresight, prudence, caution ; nut j 93orfid)t, cautiously. corftdjtig, adj. prudent, cautious, , foresighted. toor'ftcflett, sep. tr., to present, introduce ; play for. ber Sortetl, -3, -e, advantage, right, profit. Borit'ber, adv. and sep. pref., past, over, by. toorii'berfu&ren, sep. tr. (b,aben), to lead past. Dorii'bergefjen, fling &oriiber, ift boriibergegangen, inlr., to pass by, go past. Doru'berstefien, gog ooriiber, ift Dorilbergegogen, intr., to go or march past, ttorwfirt^, adv. and sep. pref., forward, ahead. or'roart3gef)en, ging ttornmrts, ift oorreartSgegangen, intr., to advance, go forward. tiorset'ten, adv., formerly, in former times, bte SPutyilis!, -, proper name, Christiane Vulpius (1765- 1816), the wife of Goethe. SB ttmcfyfen (rao^ft), iuud|, ift ge* ta(f)fen, intr., to grow, in- crease, (wax). ba$ SSodj^tum, -3, growth, plant, growing thing. ttmrfer, adj., brave, sturdy, gallant ; worthy, excellent ; as noun, ber SBarfere, the brave man. bie SSdffe, -, -n, weapon ; pin., arms, bie 2age, -, -n, scales, balance ; whiffletree, cross bar of a wagon, ttmgcn, tr. (fjaben), to venture, risk, dare, ber SBagett, -6, -, carriage, wagon. Wafjlen, tr. (Ijaben), to choose, select; as noun, baS SSa()Ien, -g, selection, choosing, bie SB)aI)(Bcrnjanbtftf)aften, pin., Elective Affinities, one of Goethe's novels. ber SBaf)tt, -(e), delusion, fancy, illusion, ttmfjr, adj., true, genuine, real ; ntc^t ftafjr? is it not true or so? tt)fif)renb, prep, (gen.), during, in the course of ; conj., while, as long as. bte 28af)rf)Ctt, -/ ~ en / truth, luabrlt^, adv., really, truly, indeed, verily, ber SBolb, -(e), "er, forest, wood. 97 toegriifen her SBaH, -(c), % wall, bul- wark, rampart. nmllcn, intr. (fjaben), to wave, surge ; boil. toaltcn, intr. (fyaben), to rule, sway ; manage, dispose ; administer (gen.). bte SBonb, -, % wall, partition. toonbcfn, intr. (fein and Ijoben), to walk, go, wander. bag SBanberjafir, -, -e, year of wandering or traveling ; 2BU= fyefrn 9Mftcr3 SBanberjafyre, one of Goethe's novels. ber 9Banb(e)rer, -3, -, wanderer, traveler ; pedestrian. toonbern, intr. (fein), to wander, travel, go ; stroll ; go from one to another. bte SBange, -, -n, cheek. wanfcn, intr. (fein and fjaben), to wave ; waver, hesitate, vac- illate. bte SBare, -, -n, ware, article ; plu., goods, merchandise. warm (toarmer, to firm ft), adj., warm. bte SSfirme, -, warmth. toarnen, tr. (fjaben), to warn. bte SSarnung, -, -en, warning. toarten, intr. (gen. or usually auf with ace.) (fjaben), to wait, wait for ; tend, attend to. toarum', interrogative adv., why. toa3, interrogative pron., what ; toag alteS, whatever ; toaS fiir, what kind of ; = tote, how ; = toarum, why ; in- definite relative pron. (often u'ith aud) or immer), what- ever ; = ettodS, something, a thing which, bte SBfifdje, -, washing, laundry ; linen, clothes. toof^cn (toafrfit), toufcfj, fjat ge= toafc^en, tr. and intr., to wash ; as noun, bag 2Bafd)en, -3, washing. ba SBaffer, -3, -, water, ttwffemid), adj., watery, abounding in water. toecfyfeln, tr. and intr. (fyaben), to change, exchange, inter- change. lucrijfclH'ttifl, adj., reciprocal, mutual, on all or both sides. ttJcrfen, tr. (fjaben), to waken, rouse, ber SBeg, -(e)g, -e, way, road ; walk ; TnetncS 3Bege3, on my way. to eg, adv. and sep. accented pref., away, off, gone, ber SSegebait, -(e)8, -e or -ten, road-building. toegcn, prep, (gen.), for the sake of, on account of. toeg'gcfyen, gtng toeg, tft toeg= gegangen, intr., to go away. toeg'nd)tncn (ntmmt toeg), nab.ni toeg, {at toeggenommen, tr., to take away or from (dot.), remove ; baS SBort toeg= neljmen, to interrupt, toeg'rufen, rtef toeg, b,at toeggerufen. tr., to call away. ftegtragcn 98 uu'ithiii toeg'trogen (triigt meg), trug meg, Ijat n3eggetragen, tr., to carry away, bag SBef), -g, woe ; 2Bef) unb 3ldj fdjreten, to lament, moan and groan. rodicn, iw/r. (fjaben), to blow, ber SBetylaut, -(e)g, -e, cry of pain, distress or grief, bie 2Bef)r(e), -, -en, weapons ; arms, defense. toefjren, tr. (fyaben), to defend, protect ; intr. (dat.), ward off, check, prevent ; refl., defend one's self, bag SBeib, -(e)g, -er, woman, wife, bag SBetbctyen, -8, -, enf, -(e), -c, Christmas present. tocil, cow/., because, since, bie SBeiie, -, time, leisure ; interval, while ; delibera- tion ; mtt SSette, slowly. ba SBeimar, -, proper name, Weimar, /Ae capital of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, Germany. ber SBein, -(e)8, -e, wine. ber Steinberg, -(e), -, vine- yard. toeincn, intr. (fjaben), to weep, cry, (whine) ; as noun, bag SBeinen, -8, weeping, crying ; bie SSetnenbe, one who is crying. Jocif(c), adj., wise, prudent ; as noun, ber 2Betfe, sage, philosopher, wise man. bie SBeife, -, -n, way, manner ; auf eigene SSeife, in one's own way ; nacf) fetner SBetfe, in its own (proper) way. weifeit, rt)ie, fyat gewiefen, tr., to point out, show. bie 9Sei3b,cit, -, wisdom, discre- tion, prudence, teltd), adj., wise, prudent. tij, adj., white. ttjctjten, tr. ({>aben), to whiten, whitewash, paint white. ttett, adj., wide, broad, long, far, distant ; as noun, bag SSeitre, the rest, what re- mains ; im SBeiten bletben, to be postponed, be uncer- tain, remain far off ; Itcit unb breit, far and wide ; fetn hmtereg 2Bort, not another word. rtm'tcr (comparative of toeit), adv. and sep. pref., farther, further, on, onward. toct'tcrjtc^cn, jog metier, ift roeiter= gejogen, intr., to proceed, go on. tt)eitf)in', adv., far away, to a great distance. nu 1 it I) in a ii-,- 99 SBetterwolfe ', adv., far in the distance, far out. toetd) (-er, -e, -eg), interroga- tive and relative adj. and pron., who, which, what ; that. Wclfen, intr. (fein), wither, fade, die ; as noun, bag SBelfen, -g, withering, fading, dying. bie SSelt, -, -en, world, earth. bcr SSeltbiirgcr, -g, -, cos- mopolitan, citizen of the world. bag aBeltgebSube, -g, -, world- structure, universe. toeltltrf), adj., worldly, of the world ; secular, temporal, profane. rticnben, toanbte, fyat getoanbt, or reg. tr. and intr., to face about, turn ; gettmnbt, having turned about ; adroit, clever, dexterous. bie 2Senbung, -, -en, turn, curve, wheeling ; period. Wcnig, adj., little, few ; as noun, bag SBenige, little ; jum toenigften, at least ; am toentgften, least of all ; tt)enig= fteng, at least. toenn, conj., if, when, when- ever ; toenn aud), even if, although ; toenn nur, if only, provided that ; toenn nidjt, if not, unless. ttJCt, interrogative pron., who ; indefinite relative pron. (often with aud) or tmmer), whoever, he who. ttjcrben (roirbt), toarb, ^at ge= Worbcn, lr., to woo, sue for (nad)), try to get, seek, engage ; intr. (with imt), woo, sue for. hjcrben (ttrirb), marb or ttmrbe, ift gemorben, intr., to become, be, grow, happen ; future auxil- iary, shall, will ; toerben . . . ju, to become, turn into ; bag ift mir gettorben, that is my thanks or reward. toerfen (ttnrft), ttarf, b,at ge= luorfen, tr., to throw, cast. ba3 aScrt, -(e), -e, work. bie SBerfftatt, -, "e, workshop. Wcrt, adj., worth, of value ; dear, esteemed ; worthy of (gen.) ; toert madjen, to en- noble, make valuable. ber SScrt, -(e), -e, worth, value. ber SSctt^cr, -3, proper name, Werther, the hero of one of Goethe's novels. bag SBcfen, -, -, being, nature, existence ; behavior, man- ner ; essence ; condition of affairs, regime. tt)cftoftad),fl4/.,west-east ; SBeftoft* ltdjer J}tDan, a collection of Goethe's poems. ba SBetter, -, -, weather, storm. tt)cttcrlcurf)ten, intr. and imper- sonal, to lighten ; Wetter^ Ieud)tenb, with flashes of heat lightning. bie 933etrerwolfe, -, -it, storm cloud. 100 bag SBefelar, -, proper name, Wetzlar, a German city 33 miles northwest of Frankfort, formerly the seat of the Imperial Chancery. iwdjttg, adj., weighty, im- portant, significant. ber SBirfel, -3, -, plu., swaddling clothes, wrapping. rotrfcln, tr. (fcaben), to wrap (up), wind. tmber, prep, (ace.), adv., and insep. pref., against, contrary to. tt)iberfpre'd)ett(nHberfprtdjt),nnber= fprad), fjat nriberfprocfyen, intr. (dat.), to contradict, oppose. nnberfte'f)en, nriberftanb, bat nriber* ftanben, intr. (dat.}, to resist, withstand. ber SBi'berttnfle(n), -n3, aver- sion, disgust, displeasure. ttrie, adv., how, in what way ; conj., how, as, as if, just as, than, like, when ; tote audj, however much. ttricbcr, adv., sep. (accented), and insep. Pref., again, anew, once more ; tnuner toieber, again and again. nrie'berbegegnen, sep. intr. (dat.), (fetn), to meet again, treat in return. tme'berbringett, bracljte roteber, ftat nriebergebradjt, tr., to bring back, restore. ttne'bererfdjetnen, erf($ten toieber, ift rotebererfdjienen, intr., to appear again, reappear. loic'berfinben, fanb tpteber, h,at nnebergefunben, tr., to find again, meet again ; refl., to find one another again. nrie'bergeben (gtbt nneber), gab roieber, fjat roiebergegeben, tr., to give back, return. bte SBic'bergeburt, -, -en, new birth, renaissance. rotebcrtjot'cn, insep. tr. (Ijaben), to repeat, review. roie'berfefjren, sep. intr. (fetn), to return. nrie'bcrfnitpfen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to reunite, bind or fasten again. wte'bcrfommen fam niteber, ift ttriebergefommen, intr., to come back, return. rote'berfrtcgen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to get again, replace. rote'berfefiett (ftefjt ftiteber), fa^ mteber, fjat totebergefefien, tr., to see again. rotef)ern, intr. (^aben), to neigh. ber JfiHelanb, -$, proper name, Christoph Martin Wieland (1733-1813), a prominent Ger- man epic poet, critic, and translator. bte SSMefe, -, -n, meadow. bag SSSicfct, -g, -, weasel. nrieDtel, -e, interrogative adj., how much, how many? rotetooflt', conj., although. roilb, adj., wild ; harsh, cruel, savage, fretful (horses). bte SiMlbfyett, -, wildness, rude- ness. SKWfjelm 101 )oi)lcrl)a(tcn ber SiiUU)dm, -e, proper name, William. ber SBiltc(n), -n3, -n, will, wish, purpose, intention ; consent. luilUfl, adj., willing, voluntary ; ready, with consent. tmflfom'tnen, adj., welcome. bte SBtUfiir, -, free will, choice ; caprice ; arbitrary power. nrimmcln, intr. (fjaben), to swarm, throng. ber SBinb, -(e)8, -e, wind. nrinbcn, tocmb, b,at getwmben, refl., to writhe, wind, coil ; make a wreath. ber SStnfcf, -3, -, nook, corner, recess. nrinfett, intr. Ct)aben), to beckon, signal, make signs, wink. ber 28tjjfel, -3, -, tree top. fair, personal pron., pi it. of id), we. hnrfcn, intr. (b.aben), to work, act, exercise, influence, take a hand in. nrirfHd), adj., actual, real, true ; adv., really, truly, indeed. bie Sirfung, -, -en, work, action, activity, effect, in- fluence. ber SSirt, -(e)6, -e, landlord, host ; proprietor, owner, master of the house. bie SBirtin, -, -(tn)nen, land- lady, hostess ; mistress of the house. bte 9Sirtfrf)aft, -, -en, domestic affairs ; household ; manage- ment, business, farm work. intr. (b,abcn), to whisper. ttriffen (roetfe), roufjte, fjat gcftmfjt, tr., to know, know how ; be able (with infinitive). bte SSHffenfdjaft, -, -en, knowl- edge, science. too, adv. and conj., where, when ; too ntcfjt = ttenn ntc^t, if not. njofcr'n(e), conj., if, provided that, in case that, in so far as ; tooferne . . . and), how- ever far. wogcn, intr. (Ijaben), to wave, surge, float ; TOogenb, clouds of. interrogative adv., from where, whence? interrogative adv., whither, where (to) ? tt)0i)(, adv., well ; perhaps, in- deed, to be sure ; probably, I suppose, no doubt, do you suppose, I am sure ; bod) n)ol)I, surely, I presume ; Iebe(t) ft)ol)l, farewell. ba S2Sof)l, -, weal, welfare, well-being. tt)of)lbegutert, part, adj., well- to-do, prosperous. tt)of)lf)ef)ag(icf), adj., comfort- able, at one's ease, content, happy. )uof)Ibcfnnnt, part, adj., well- known, familiar. tt)of)IbefteHt f part, adj., well- appointed, well-furnished. tt>0f|(erf)a(ten r part, adj., well- maintained, well-kept. 102 lt)ul)Ierncucrt, part, adj., well- repaired, well-restored. ttJUlilgcbUbct, part, adj., well- formed, of good figure. tt)of)Igesimtnert, part, adj., well- built, well-timbered. roofyfgesogen, />ar/. adj., well- bred, well brought up ; = fittfatn, well-mannered. inoltHjabcnb, part, adj., well- to-do, wealthy. bie 8Bof)Itat, -, -en, good deed, benefit, kind action. h)Ou,Iutnsfiunet, part, adj., well- fenced, well-inclosed. tooftlDcrfefKn, part, adj., well- provided, well-equipped. rool)IerteUt, part, adj., well- distributed. tt)on,nen, iwfr. (fyaben), to dwell, reside, live. bie SSoljming, -, -en, dwelling, home, residence. ftb'lbcn, tr. (fyaben), to vault, arch, round ; getoolbt, arched, rounded. ber SBoIfgang, -3, proper name, Wolfgang. ba a&ijlfdjen, -, -, rfjw., little cloud, wisp of a cloud. bie SBoIft, -, -n, cloud. luollcn, adj., woolen. rootten (roitt), roottte, fjat getooftt, /r. and modal auxiliary, to wish, want, will, intend, purpose, have in mind ; de- mand, claim ; be about to ; man mill, people expect ; as noun, bag SSoIIen, -3, will, willing (with set pur- pose). roomit', interrogative and relative pron., with which or what, wherewith. tDOnad)', interrogative and rela- tive adv., after, of, by, from, according to what or which ; adv., whereupon. bie SSonnc, -, -n, bliss, delight, pleasure, rapture ; (with $ur), a source of pleasure. ftoran', interrogative and relative adv., on, at, from, or of what or which ; whereon. niorein', interrogative and relative adz\, in(to), which ; wherein. hjorin', interrogative and relative adv., in which ; wherein. ba3 SBott, -(e)3, word, saying, proverb ; promise ; plu., SSorte, remarks ; group of words forming a sentence ; plu., SBorter, single words ; bog SBort nefymen, to (begin to) speak. bag 9Bbrrert>er5citii, in due time, in his time ; tnetner Qtii, in my day, when I was young ; trttt ber ,3ett gefjen, to keep up with the times. bag Scatter, -g, -, age, period of time. 3etrgenof}(e) 104 Sitfafjren ber 3eitgenoij(e), -(ff)en, -(ff)en, contemporary. bte gettfdjrift, -, -en, periodical, magazine. 5Ct- f insep. unaccented pref., in pieces, asunder. jerbre'cften (jerbrtrfit), jerbracfi, fjat jerbrocfyen, tr., to break to pieces, shatter. jerbro'djen, part. adj. (gerbred)en), shattered, broken to pieces. serrei'feen, jerrife, fjat jerriffen, /r. and intr. (fein), to tear to pieces, rend. Serriit'ten, tr. (fjaben), to un- settle, disrupt, disturb ; dis- organize. Serfdjmct'tern, tr. (b,aben), to dash to pieces, shatter. jerftamp'fen, tr. (fyaben), to stamp, tramp to pieces ; paw, crush. Serftii'ren, tr. (fiaben), to destroy, ruin, overthrow, undo. bte 3erftiJ'ruttg, -/ ~en, r uin, destruction, desolation. 5erftreu'en, tr. (fiaben), to strew, scatter, disperse ; divert ; refl., be scattered ; jerftreut, scattered, strewn about. ber SeuflCr -n, -n, witness. bag SettgniS, -(ff)e, -(ff)e, wit- ness, evidence, testimony. Stefcen, jog, fjat gejogen, tr., to pull, draw ; draw out ; raise, rear, breed ; = bejtefjen (auf), apply to, attribute, refer ; intr. (fein), move, march, go, proceed. jietnen, intr. (fjaben), to become, be proper. bte 3i r ^ c r -/ ~ n , decoration, ornament ; grace, elegance ; polish of manner. Sieren, tr. (baben), to adorn, decorate. (V.erlirf), adj., dainty, delicate, fastidious, neat, fine, grace- ful, elegant. btt3 3i mn ur, -3, -, room, chamber. Jtnncrn, adj., of tin or pewter. bag Bttat, ~(e)3, -*/ citation, quotation. jittern, intr. (fjaben), to tremble. ber 3Pfr -(e)8/ % braid (of hair), plait. ber 3 orlt f ~(c)*/ an ger, rage, vexation. SOrnig, adj., angry, raging. 511, prep, (dat.), adv., and sep. accented pref., to, towards, in the direction of, unto ; at, at the sign of, by, in ; be- sides, in addition to, with ; in union with ; for ; adv., closed, shut, too. ber ^urferbfirfcr, -, -, confec- tioner. bag 3"ffcrbrot, -(e)g, sweet biscuit, cake. SU'eilen, sep. intr. (fein), to hasten to (dat.). juerft', adv., at first, for the first time, first of all. ju'fafiren (fab,rt 311), fubr 311, ift jUQefabren, intr., to drive on, drive towards. 105 juriirfbrangen ber 3u'fatt, ~(c)8, % chance, accident, hazard ; auf QHiicf unb ^ufall, at random, by luck and chance. Su'f alien (faltt ju), pel ju, ift jugefaflett, intr., to fall to, devolve upon ; accrue, re- dound. ufrie'ben, adj., contented, satis- fied with ; jufrtebcn ftetten, to satisfy. 5u'fiif)ren, sep. tr. (fjuben), to lead to, introduce ; import. ber Bug, -(e)8, "e, train, column, procession ; march, expedi- tion ; draft ; feature, trait. SU'geben (gibt ju), gab ju, &at jugegeben, tr., to grant, con- cede, permit, allow, yield. pge'gen, adv., present. SU'gefien, ging ju, ift jugegangen, jw/r., to go to, approach. ber .Siigcf, - f - f re in, bridle. pglcirf)', adv., at the same time, at once. ber 3ughunb, -(e)3, -e, current of air, draft. Su'^brcn, 5c/. j/r. (fjaben), to listen to, attend. bie 3"'hmftr -, future. SUtcftt', aJt>., at last, last of all, finally, for the last time. jum = ju bent. ,ytnfid)ft', adv., nearest, next, close by ; presently, soon, before long ; first of all, chiefly, in the first place ; more than to all others ; prep, (dat.), near to. bie 3"tge - t -n, tongue. ju'nirfen, sep. intr. (fjaben), to nod to (dat.) ; refl., nod to each other. SUpfen', tr. (fjaben), to tug, pluck, pull by the sleeve. jur = ju ber. Jltrcdjt', adv. and sep. pref., in order, aright. 3itred)t'freHen f sep. tr. (f)aben), to adjust, set right, put in order. ju'rcbcn, sep. intr. (dat.) (fjaben), to speak to, urge, encourage, seek to persuade. Siirnett, intr. (fjabett), to be angry or displeased (iiber) ; bear a grudge. urii(f'(e), adv. and sep. accented Pref., back, backwards, be- hind ; in the past. Suriuf'begefcen (begibt jurildE), begab juriidf, fjat juriicfbegeben, refl., return. Suriicf'beniegcn, sep. refl. (f;aben), to move back, with- draw. jururf'blei&ctt, blteb juriicf, ift juriicfgeblieben, intr., to remain behind, be left. 5uriirf'bHrfcn, sep. intr. (foben), to look back, review. Suriirf'&enfen, bad^te juriicf, f>at juriicfgebad&t, intr., to think back, send one's thoughts back ; with ace. of time, to think back of or through the times. Miriirf'brongen, sep. tr. (fjaben), to press or drive back. juriirfeUen 106 pttbrberft juriicfeUen, sep. intr. (fetn), to hurry back, ju'riirfcn, sep. intr. (fetn), to approach, move towards, ad- vance. priirf'(e)fttef)en, flof) guritrf, ift guriidgeflofyen, intr., to flee back, retire hastily. Suriicf' gefyen, gtng guriidf, tft guriicf = gegangen, intr., to go back, return. Suriicf'gesogen, part. adj. (guriicf= gtefyen), drawn back, with- held. Siiriirf'fialten (fjcilt guriicf), fjtelt guriidf, f)at guriicfgefjalten, /r., to hold back, check. Stmtd'fetyren, sep. intr. (fetn), to return, turn back, guriicf'fommen, fam guriidf, ift guriicfgefommen, intr., to come back, return ; go backwards, deteriorate. Sururf'Ioffcn (Iftfet juriidf), Uefe juriicE, ^at juriicfgelaffen, tr., to leave behind, jiiriid' fcf) alien, 5e/. intr. (fjaben), to look back, juriirf'ftromen, sep. intr. (fein), to stream back. guriid'trciben, trteb jurlicf, {>at jurlicEgetrieben, tr., to drive back, repel, priitfjieljen, jog juriicf, fjut juriitfgejogen, tr., intr. (fetn), and refl., to draw back, withdraw. jufotn'men, adv. and sep. pref., together, along with ; alike. pfam'menfjangcn, sep. tr. and intr. (fyaben), to put together ; be connected with. jufam'menfnitpfen, sep. tr. (fyaben), to bind together, unite. 5iifam'tnemtef)men (nimmt 311= fammen), naljm jufammen, l)at jufammengenommen, tr., to col- lect ; refl., compose one's self, brace up. 5ufam'menpacfen, sep. tr. (ijaben), to pack together. 5ufam'menrufen, rtef jufammen, fjot jufammengerufen, tr., to call together. pfam'menftfeen, fafe gufantmcn, t>at gufammengefeffen, intr., to sit together. 5ufom'menfteften f ftanb jufammen, tjat gufammengeftanben, inlr., to stand together, be united. pfam'mentetlett, sep. tr. (Jjaben), to share with one another. SU'f^wiJren, fc^mor or fc^mur gu, t)dt jugefc^woren, tr. (dat.), to swear to, affirm, promise solemnly. Sti'foredien (fpridjt gu), fpra<$ gu, ^at gugefprocfien, intr., to speak to, encourage, inspire. ber gu'ftanb, -(e), "e, condition, state, situation. SU'tterlttfftg, adj., reliable, trust- worthy. 5uoor', adv. and sep. pref., before, previously, in former times. jutior'berft, adv., first, first of Sutoorfommcn 107 all, before everything else ; previously. mmeit, Jam juiior, tft jutiorgefommen, intr., to come before, precede. ju'ttjcnben, toanbte ju, fjat ju= gemanbt (or reg.), tr. (dat.), to turn to or towards. pttri'ber, adv. and prep. (dat. preceding), against, contrary to, averse to, repugnant, disagreeable. SUjet'tett, adv., at times, some- times, now and then. Jftwnjtg, num., twenty. toar, adv., in truth, indeed, to be sure, certainly. her 3toerf> -(OS, -* f aim, pur- pose, goal, end in view. toet, num., two. ber Bttwfel, -g, -, doubt ; hesitation, uncertainty. 5it)eifelf)aft, adj., uncertain, doubtful, vain. 5tt)Ctfc(n, intr. (fjaben), to be in doubt, hesitate ; ques- tion. ber Bttwflf -(e), -e, twig, small limb, branch. jrtjcigen, intr. (l)aben), to sprout, send out branches. jtoeimal, num. adv., twice, two times. Sttjcit, (-er, -e, -e3), WMW. a*?;., second. jwetrenmal, WMW. a. (m'/A pm), for the second time. ber ,3toerg, -(e)8, -e, dwarf. ber 3wief^olt r -, doubt, dis- pute, dissension, discord ; mit fief) felber in ^^tefpalt, out of sorts or provoked with one's self. Sttrifcfcctt, prep. (dat. and ace.), between ; among. jluotf, num., twelve. SWolfjafjrig, num. adj., twelve- year-old. GERMAN Vorwarts : A German Reader for Beginners By PAUL V. BACON. i2mo, cloth, 251 pages. Price, 80 cents. THE author's first effort has been to produce the easiest Ger- man Reader that can be made. It is intended that the pupil shall read from the very first day of his study of German. The book will be found entertaining, but it is first of all simple. The Vocabulary contains only the most common words. At first these are taken altogether from the pupil's environment. The book is as attractive as it is simple. Nearly every page is illustrated with an interesting picture which is described in the reading of the lesson. The subject matter of Vorwarts is about Germany and the Germans, but it differs from the author's Irn Vaterland in that it treats fully what might be called the commonplace phases of Ger- man life. Vorwarts is so elementary that it does not conflict with the use of such books as Im Vaterland. The first lessons are about the schoolroom. Then follow sev- eral on the home and home life, and stories of the streets and city life, and a few lessons on the country. German peculiarities of dress are treated, and especially the quaint costumes found in out-of-the-way places. German castles and cathedrals are given a good deal of space, and interesting material is provided on the army and on student life in the uni- versities. All these subjects are illustrated by attractive pictures. Vorwarts contains many poems and songs. A new feature is introduced in the translation of all the difficulties, so that the be- ginner can give to the enjoyment of the poem the time he usually spends in laborious translation. From the teacher's point of view a valuable characteristic is the grouping of related constructions in the reading, so that each lesson covers a definite amount of grammatical work. Thus Vorwarts is of great assistance for grammatical study, as each lesson focuses on some group of related constructions, which is supplemented in the Appendix by German questions on the reading and by exercises for translation into German. 60 GERMAN Im Vaterland : A Reader for Pupils in their First or Second Year of German By PAUL V. BACON. i2mo, cloth, 430 pages. Price $1.25. " T^O give the American student a better understanding and 1 appreciation of Germany and the Germans ; to furnish him with an adequate vocabulary of colloquial idioms ; to point out and explain differences between German and American customs ; in short, to broaden and deepen the American's knowledge and love of the German language, music, poetry, and people ; these are the aims of ftn Vaterland." Distinctive features of this remarkable book are : I. Dialogues on thirty-six different subjects (such as the Ger- man Empire, The Imperial Family, In School, At a Store, Berlin University, The Army, The Hotel, In a Theatre, At a Station, In a Train, etc.). These give the pupil a knowledge of German customs and prepare him for appreciative and intelligent travel in Germany. II. Illustrations from photographs of German scenes, build- ings, paintings, churches, and castles. Besides forty-nine of these illustrations there are six maps, including a two-page colored map of the German Empire. III. Songs, with music arranged for high school pupils. There are twenty-seven characteristic German songs from sixteen different composers. IV. Poems thirty-six of them ranging from the thirteenth to the twentieth century, especially adapted for memorizing. V. Notes on all idioms and grammatical difficulties. They serve also to supplement the text. For example, they contain a complete list of the German States, an outline of a gymnasial course of study, biographies of the authors mentioned in the book, and kindred matters. VI. Composition exercises on each chapter of the dialogues. VII. A vocabulary made with unusual care, and including all the idioms used in the book. VIII. A full, practical index of persons and of topics. 62 GERMAN German Composition By PAUL V. BACON, izmo, cloth, 378 pages. Price, $1.25. THIS book has a much wider scope than the ordinary German Composition. Its broad purpose can perhaps be best in- ferred from a re'sume' of its contents. It is in two Parts. Part I contains thirty-six chapters, on the chief difficulties which confront the pupil learning German. Each chapter contains (i) an interesting anecdote in German, (2) syntax, (3) notes, and (4) exercises. The anecdotes average half a page in length and treat phases of German history, art, literature, and culture in general, from the time of Tacitus to the present time. The discussion of syntax is a simple, clear, and often detailed statement of some important principle with which pupils ordina- rily have trouble. It is illustrated by lively, conversational exer- cises, and by sentences taken from German classics. There are over four hundred of these sentences, from the whole range of modern German literature and especially from books likely to be read by high-school pupils. The notes begin with an historical explanation, followed by one of the most distinctive features of the book notes on specific words. The average pupil has more trouble with choice of words than with syntax, yet it is more important that he use the right word than the correct form of a word. These notes on specific words are unique, as even in the Dictionaries no statement is given to guide the pupil in his choice of which word to use. The exercises are made up of questions, idioms, conversational expressions, and English-into-German exercises including con- nected discourse. Part II contains five chapters: (i) Letter-Writing, (2) Deriva- tion of Words, (3) Pronunciation and Phonetics, (4) History of the German Language, and (5) German Slang and Everyday Expressions. The book is generously illustrated with appropriate pictures, including fifty-four half-tones and a map. ' 63 GERMAN Allyn and Bacon's Series of German Texts THIS is the most attractive and convenient series of German texts on the market. Each book contains complete notes and vocabulary, together with exercises for retranslation into Ger- man. These exercises are based on the text and afford excellent material for review as well as practice in composition. The prices will seem reasonable when the general excellence is considered. The following volumes are now ready : ORIECHISCHE HEROENGESCHICHTEN. By BARTHOLD GEORG NIEBUHR. Edited by GEORGE E. MERKLEY. i6mo, cloth, 128 pages. Price, 50 cents. MARCHER. By JAKOB and WILHELM GRIMM. Edited by GEORGE E. MERKLEV. i6mo, cloth, 140 pages. Price, 50 cents. L'ARRABBIATA. By PAUL HEYSE. Edited by PAUL V. BACON. i6mo, cloth, 126 pages. Price, 50 cents. HOHER ALS DIE KIRCHE. By WILHELMINE VON HlLLERN. Edited by J. B. E. JONAS, of the Julia Richman High School, New York City. i6mo, cloth, 150 pages. Price, 50 cents. IMMENSEE. By THEODORE STORM. Edited by E. A. WHITENACK, State Normal School, River Falls, Wis. i6mo, cloth, 116 pages. Price, 50 cents. GERMELSHAUSEN. By FRIEDRICH GERSTACKER. Edited by R. A. VON MINCKWITZ. i6mo, cloth, 122 pages. Price, 50 cents. DER NEFFE ALS ONKEL. By FRIEDRICH VON SCHILLER. Edited by C. F. RADDATZ, late Profes- sor at Baltimore City College. i6mo, cloth, 147 pages. 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Edited by Professor CARL SCHLENKER, of the University of Minnesota. 12010, cloth, 463 pages. Price, 90 cents. NO pains have been spared to make this the most useful and attractive high school edition of Wilhelm Tell now on the market. It is no exaggeration to say that it has all the desir- able features of other editions together with many distinctively its own. 65 GERMAN A German Grammar for Beginners By PAUL V. BACON. Revised Edition. I2tno, cloth, 448 pages. Price, 11.25. THIS book introduces easy reading from the first, along with the usual drill in grammar. The object is to stimulate in- terest, to economize vocabulary, and to give unity to the first year work. Distinguishing features of the Grammar are : I. Complete stories, full of interest, connected with the gram- matical exercises and using the same words. The first is about the school, the second about the home, and so many cognates are used that reading may be begun as soon as the alphabet is learned. II. Systematic drill on grammar, each topic being treated in a group of five lessons. The language of the rules is simple. III. Every fifth lesson is a review, and in addition three com- plete lessons are devoted to a review of the first half of the book and seven to the whole book. IV. Attractive material lor memorizing. Each lesson begins with a proverb, idiom, or short poem, from Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Rlickert, Scheffel, or Muller. Elements of German By PAUL V. BACON, 121110, cloth, 352 pages. Price, $1.00. T^HIS book follows the order of presentation used in the German 1 Grammar, but it is briefer and simpler and does not begin with the stories. I. The Syntax is stated in the clearest possible way. II. The Vocabulary consists of nothing but common, every-day words, most of which, especially at the beginning, are cognates. III. An immense amount of attractive material for memorizing is contained in the book. IV. The Appendices offer (i) a complete list of strong verbs, (2) complete tables of forms, (3) a careful treatment of pronuncia tion, supplemented by drawings, and (4) a chapter on the deriva- tion of words. 61 A 000 037 580 8