ma
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 WITH A 
 
 N A R R A T I V E 
 
 OF THE 
 
 IMPRISONMENT AND SUFFERINGS 
 
 OF OUR 
 
 OFFICERS AND. SOLDIERS: 
 
 B Y 
 
 AN OFFICER of COLONEL BAILLIE'S DETACHMENT. 
 
 / - . - 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR; 
 SOLD BY J. MURRAY, FLEET-STREET.
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 OF T H 
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA, 
 
 A Narrative of the Captivity and Sufferings of 
 the Officers, Soldiers, and Sepoys, who fell 
 into the Hands of Hyder-Ally, after the 
 Battle of Ccnjeve ram, September 10, 1780. 
 
 W HILE the enemy's horis and ele- 1780. 
 phants marched again and again in barba- 
 rian triumph over the field of battle, the 
 wounded and bleeding Englifh, who were 
 not inftantly trodden to death by the feet of 
 thofe animals, lingered out a miferable exif- 
 tence, expofed in the day to the burning 
 rays of a vertical fun, and in the night to 
 the ravages of foxes, jackalls, and tygers, 
 allured to that horrid fcene by the fcent of 
 VOL. II* A human 
 
 358002
 
 2 MEMOIRS OP THE 
 
 1780. human blood. Many officers, as well as 
 privates, ftripped of all that they had, after 
 protracting hour after hour, and day after 
 day, in pain, miferably perifhedj others 
 rifing, as it were, from the dead, after an 
 incredible lofs of blood, which induced for 
 a time the mod perfect infenfibility and flu- 
 pefadtlon, found means to rejoin their friends 
 in chains, with whom they were deftined to 
 {hare, for years, the horrors of the gloomy 
 jail, rendered flili more dreadful by frequent 
 apprehenfions of that affarlination which, 
 they had the moil undoubted proofs, had 
 been pra&ifed on numbers of their fellow- 
 prifoners, difperfed in different places of 
 confinement, throughout the dominions of 
 a barbarous enemy. 
 
 In Europe, the horrors of war are miti- 
 gated by the mildnefs of the climate, and 
 the humanity of the conqueror. In Aria, 
 an inveterate antipathy againil Europeans 
 confpires with a dry and parched land, 
 where it is not an eafy matter for the fick 
 and wounded to obtain even the comfort of 
 water, and, with the rigours of fervid heat, 
 
 to
 
 LATE WAR I tf ASIA; J 
 
 to prefs down the load of fuffering on the 1780, 
 defencelefs head of him who has none to 
 help him* 
 
 Hyder- Ally, feated in a chair in his 
 tent, enjoyed at Damul, fix miles from the 
 fcene of action, the fight of his prifoners> 
 and the heads of the flain. Colonel Baillie, 
 with feveral other officers, who, like him- 
 felf, were inhumanly wounded, were car- 
 ried to his camp. The vehicle on which 
 the Colonel was borne was a cannon. While 
 thefe unfortunate gentlemen lay on the 
 ground, in the open air, at Hyder- Ally's 
 feet, heads of their unfortunate friends were, 
 from time to time, prefented to the con- 
 queror $ fome of them even by Englifh 
 officers, who were forced to perform that 
 inhuman fervice. One Englifh gentleman, 
 in particular, was forced to carry two heads 
 of his countrymen, which proved to be Cap- 
 tain Phillips and Doctor Wilfon. But, foon 
 after the arrival of the Englifh officers, 
 Hyder, touched with a latent fpark of hu- 
 manity, ordered the practice of bringing heads 
 befofe him, while the Englifh gentlemen 
 A 2 were
 
 
 4 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1 7 So. were prefent, to be difcontinued -, and the 
 Jreads of Captain Phillips and Doctor Wil- 
 fon he ordered to be removed. A dooley 
 was fent to the field of battle in fearch of 
 Colonel Fletcher - y but he .could not find 
 him. The Coloners head was afterwards 
 carried to the barbarian's camp. As fome of 
 our officers were obliged to carry the heads of 
 their countrymen to Hyder'scamp, fo others 
 were obliged to carry heavy loads of firelocks. 
 For every European head that was brought 
 .to the barbarian by any of his own people, 
 who were volunteers in that fervice, a pre- 
 mium, was given of five rupees ; for every 
 European brought alive ten rupees. The 
 conqueror, enjoying a barbarous triumph 
 over our captive countrymen, fuffered them 
 to remain in his prefence till fun-fet, with- 
 out ordering them the finalleft affiflance in 
 their diilrefs. The mell of a tent was then 
 fixed for Colonel Baillie and his officers, 
 but without a bit of ftraw, or any thing on 
 which they might lie, although repeated 
 application was made for this accommo- 
 dation, and many of thefe gentlemen were 
 in danger from their wounds. This tent, 
 
 it
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 it muft be obferved at the fame time, con- 1780. 
 tained only ten perfons -, the reft of the pri- 
 foners were obliged to remain in the open 
 air. About feven o'clock towards the even- 
 ing, Colonel Baillie was vifited by Monfieur 
 Goddard, a French officer, who, although 
 in poor circumstances himfelf, affifted our 
 countrymen to the utmoft extent of his 
 power. At ten, fome pilaw was fent to the 
 prifoners from the Circar. 
 
 Several officers were alfo carried to Tip- 
 poo Saib, who treated them with great hu^- 
 manity. He invited them into his tent, 
 gave them bifcuit, and to each five pagodas. 
 One of the gentlemen, Captain Monteith, 
 who was a married man, exprefled an earneft 
 defire of fending a letter to his wife at Ma- 
 dras ; with which Tippoo readily complied. 
 Nothing could be more flriking, on this fad 
 occafion, than the contraft between the 
 conducl: of the father and that of the fon r ; 
 
 Hyder- Ally, on the day after the engage- g t 
 ment, moved his army from Damul to n. 
 MurTalawaulk, where he had left his bag- 
 A 3 S a S e
 
 6 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 |78o. gage, with his tents ftanding, when htf 
 marched to attack Colonel Baillie. Some 
 of our wounded officers were carried in 
 palanquins without any covering, expofed to 
 a fultry fun, and many of them were obli- 
 ged to walk, fubjected to the grofs abufe, 
 and even to the blows of their feveral 
 guards. The moment they arrived at the 
 limits of Hyder's camp, they had a pleafmg 
 inftance of the fuperior humanity and cour- 
 tefy of European officers contracted with 
 the inhumanity of Hyder's people. Fifteen 
 French officers faluted them with the com- 
 pliment of the hat, and they found the 
 fly of a marqui with a fmall tent pitched 
 for their reception. Soon after this Cap- 
 tain Pimoran, a French officer, who before 
 the fiege of Mahi had been fent from Pon- 
 dicherry with one hundred and eighty Euro- 
 peans belonging to the regiment of Lorrain, 
 vifited Colonel Baillie, expreffed his forrow 
 at feeing him reduced to his prefent unhap- 
 py fituation, and prefenting Mr. Lally's belt 
 refpects, allured him that this commander 
 had applied to Hyder-Ally for leave to vifit 
 }iim, but had been refufed . Mahomed- Ally, 
 
 one.
 
 t'ATE WAR IN . ASIA. 7 
 
 one of Hyder's principal Generals, was in- 1780. 
 troduced to Colonel Baillie by Dr. Lloyd, 
 who had formerly refided at Madras. Cap- 
 tain Pimoran brought along with him fome 
 clothes, bread, wine, and two French fur- 
 geons to drefs the wounded. Several other 
 French officers, too, were very active in ad- 
 miniftering to the Englifh prifoners the utc 
 moft aid and confolation it was in their 
 power to afford. No pen can do juftice to 
 the humanity of thofe gentlemen, without 
 whofe afliftance many of our officers muft 
 have perifhed : but their merit will for ever 
 be embalmed in the hearts and minds of all 
 who felt or who witnelfed their beneficence. 
 
 From Captain Pimoran Colonel Baillie 
 received three hundred pagodas for a bill on 
 Madras, which he diftributed among the 
 officers. Hyder fent five hundred rupees, 
 which the Colonel declined to accept, as 
 being too fmall a fum for diftribution among 
 his officers and foldiers. 
 
 On the 1 2th of September, at twelve 
 
 o'clock in the afternoon, arrived in Hyder- 
 
 Ally's camp, at MufTalawaulk, Lieutenant 
 
 -(Vol.2.) A 4- Bowfer
 
 MEMOIRS GF TttE 
 
 1780. Bowfer and Enfign Dick, with fome pri- 
 vates. They were carried to the head 
 Paymafter's, or Buckfhee's tent, clofe to 
 that of Hyder, where they remained for 
 feveral hours, flripped of all their clothes, 
 obliged to lie down on a bed of fand, their 
 wounds expofed to a fevere fun, and their 
 burning thirft un quenched by a drop of 
 water. On the fame day arrived Lieutenant 
 Cox ancl the Enfigns Maconichy and We- 
 myfs. Thefe gentlemen had reached Con- 
 jeveram, imagining that place to he flill in 
 our pofTeflion, and thus fell into the hands 
 of the enemy. Lieutenant Bowfer, under 
 the fame miftaken notion, was making for 
 the fame place, when he was taken by a 
 party of the enemy's horfe. 
 
 During the time that this party remained 
 near the 'Buckmee's tent, the heads of up- 
 wards of ten Europeans were brought by 
 (different people, in order to receive the pro- 
 mifed reward. The barbarians were fo un- 
 feeling, that many of the heads were thrown 
 on the ground, clofe to the Englifti officers. 
 At the fame time that many individuals of 
 the loweft caftcs, took frequent opportuni- 
 ties
 
 LATE WAR. IN ASIA. 9 
 
 ties of doing and faying every thing that 1780. 
 they conceived to be calculated for the pur- 
 pofe of making impreffions of horror and 
 of fear: if by chance any head-man, or per- 
 fons of note happened to come near us, or 
 to have any bulinefs with us, it was, in ge- 
 neral, their manner to treat us, not indeed 
 with expreffions of hoftile refentment or 
 execration, but with every mark of difgufb 
 and contempt. They would, at the very 
 _time they were fpeaking, turn away their 
 heads, and, on fome occafions, communi- 
 cate their fentiments, and learn ours, by 
 means of a third perfon. . 
 
 If the horrid fcene, traverfed in this part 
 of our narrative, (hall not offend, but ra- 
 ther intereft the reader, it may be proper 
 to bring it frill clofer to view, by a parti- 
 cular defcription of the fituation of one or 
 two gentlemen, whofe cafes, chofen as the 
 firft that occurred, bear but too near a re^ 
 Semblance to thofe of their unfortunate fel- 
 low- fufferers. "Lieutenant Thomas Bowfer, 
 who, before Colonel Baillie difplayed a flag 
 of truce, had received a mufl^et ball in his 
 leg, after our little army furrendered, which 
 
 it
 
 16 MEMOIRS F t H K 
 
 1782. it did about eleven o'clock, received eight 
 defperate wounds with a fcymitar. Thefe* 
 as might be expected, brought him to the 
 ground, where he lay deprived of all fenfation 
 for feven hours. Towards the evening he a- 
 wakened from his trance, ftripped of all his 
 clothes,exceptapairofunderdrawers,andpart 
 of his fhirt, with an intenfethirfl:, calling out, 
 and imploring from the enemy a little water. 
 Some, moved by companion, and yielding 
 to the natural impulfe of humanity, forgot 
 their antipathies, and in this extremity of 
 diftrefs, lent their ailiftance, while others 
 anfwered his importunate fupplications only 
 with reviling language, and threats to put 
 him inftantly to death ; which he entreated 
 them to do, as there was nothing in reality 
 which he fo earneftly wifhed for. The 
 water which was adminiflered to him by 
 fome friendly hand, was deeply tinged with 
 blood. It was brought from a fmall pool 
 in the field of battle, about fifty or fixty 
 yards from the fpot where he lay. In this 
 pool many of our men had been cut down, 
 and others, bleeding and dying, had crawled 
 to it under the impulfe of burning third:. 
 One of Hyder's foldiers was fo humane as 
 
 to
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA, II 
 
 to furnim Mr. Bowfer with an earthen pot, or 1780, 
 chatty, holding about a pint, full of the tinged 
 water already dcfcribed, and, at the fame time 
 to inform him where he would find the pool 
 from whence it was taken, adyifing him to 
 make for it as well as he could. Thither ac- 
 cordingly he crawled ; and when he arrived, 
 was ftruck with horror at the light of thedead 
 and wounded, with which it was furround- 
 ed and filled. He filled his chatty, an4 
 endeavoured to proceed towards Conje- 
 veram : but he had not advanced above 
 three or four hundred yards, when he was 
 quite overcome, and obliged to lie all night 
 in the open air, during which there fell two 
 heavy mowers of rain f 
 
 In the morning of the nth, he made a 
 fecond effort to proceed towards Conje- 
 veramj but, after walking about a mile, 
 he was met by fome of the enemy's horfe- 
 men, who afked him who he was ? In the 
 hope that they would think him below their 
 notice, heanfweredthat he was a poor foldier, 
 and that he was going to feek for fome re- 
 lief under his diftreffes at Conjeveram. They 
 
 informed
 
 12 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. informed him that that place was in the 
 pofleffion of Hyder, and that he muft pro- 
 ceed as a prifoner to his camp, taking charge 
 of him at the fame time, and obliging him 
 to walk without any affiftance. At eight 
 o'clock, the horfemen delivered him up to 
 two of the enemy *s fepoys, who behaved to 
 him with rather more humanity and kind- 
 nefs. They gave him water cut of the 
 palms of their hands, placed properly to- 
 gether for that purpofe ; for by this time he 
 had become fo ftiff with his wounds, that 
 he could not of himfelf bend or ftoop, even 
 in the fmalleft degree. Whenever he want- 
 ed to reach to any thing, the guard, taking 
 hold of his arm, let him gently down and 
 pulled him up. About twelve o'clock, he 
 was equally furprized and overjoyed to come 
 up with a brother officer, Enfign Dick, a 
 quarter-mafter ferjeant of artillery, and two 
 privates. He was now joined to this party, 
 who were nearly in the fame fituation with 
 himfelf. The quarter-mafter ferjeant had 
 received fo deep a cut acrofs the back part 
 of his neck, that he was obliged to hold his 
 head in his hands, in order to keep it from 
 
 falling
 
 1 A T E W A R I N ASIA. 1J 
 
 f-illing to a fide, all the journey. The leaft 1780* 
 make or unevennefs of the ground made him 
 cry out with pain. He once and again ceafed 
 from all attempts to proceed, abandoning 
 himfelf to the defpair of ever being able to 
 accomplifh his painful journey, or to pro- 
 long his miferable life ; but being encou- 
 raged, called on, and conjured by his com- 
 panions to renew his efforts, he did fo, 
 and they were fuccefsful. He recovered of 
 his wound, and is now alive ; the moft 
 (hiking proof, perhaps, that is to be found, 
 of that power or principle of recovery and 
 felf-prefervation which beneficent Provi- 
 dence has implanted in the constitution of 
 our nature. As they moved flowly on, 
 they perceived feveral Europeans lying dead 
 on the road, and naked ; others dying, and 
 many calling out in vain for water. To 
 their prifoners, however, who were able to 
 walk, however flowly, the guards admini- 
 ftered a little dry rice foaked in water. 
 They were not indulged with water, as 
 they could not ftoop to affift themfelves, 
 fo often as they wifhed for it. It was often 
 refufed to their moil earneft entreaties. Nor 
 
 were
 
 J4 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. were they allowed to reft oftener than at thd 
 fpaces of two or three hundred yards^ 
 which appeared to them tedious and painful 
 journies ; and permiffion to reft a little* 
 even after thefe, was accounted a great fa- 
 vour. 
 
 Between eleven and twelve o'clock at 
 night, this little party arrived in Hyder's 
 camp, where they were obliged, as has been 
 obferved, to lie on the bare giound, ex- 
 pofed to the winds and rain all night, al- 
 though there were empty tents at no greater 
 diftance than ten yards. They now met 
 with fome afliflance from certain fepoys, 
 who had formerly been in our fervice. 
 
 On the 1 2th, as foon as it was day-light, 
 this little party anxiouily requeued to be 
 fent to Colonel Baillie, and the other offi- 
 cers, but were told that they muft be car- 
 ried before Hyder. An order for this pur- 
 pofe arrived about ten o'clock ; and On their 
 way to his tent, they were accofted by feve- 
 ral Europeans, who had formerly been in 
 our fervice, but had deferted. Thefe men 
 
 fympa-
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. I 
 
 fympathized with our fituation, and infifled 1780. 
 on our drinking a little arrack with them, 
 which we did, in the midfl of multitudes 
 who crowded around us. They took 
 their leave of their kind entertainer^, whom, 
 in the midfl of their own diflreffes, they 
 could not help conlidering as unfortunate ; 
 but they had not proceeded above an hun- 
 dred yards before they were ordered to flop. 
 They were at this time fo overcome by fa- 
 tigue, that they laid themfelves down on a 
 bed of fand, almoft devoured with flies, 
 and a fpe&acle to thoufands of fpe<r.ators. 
 At this time Captain Pimoran came up to 
 them, took down their names, exprefied the 
 greatefl forrow at their diflrefsful fituation, 
 and gave to each of them one fhirt, one 
 pair of long drawers, one pocket handker- 
 chief, and to each alfo a pagoda. He far- 
 ther gave orders that fome victuals mould 
 be drefTed for them. About twelve o'clock 
 another order arrived for them to proceed to 
 Hyder immediately ; but on their arrival at 
 the Paymafler's tent, which was clofe to 
 Hyder's, as already mentioned, they were 
 again ordered to flop, and proceed no far- 
 ther.
 
 l6 MEMOIRS OP THE 
 
 1780. ther. They were now fo exceedingly re- 
 duced by their accumulated diftreffes, that 
 there was not one of them who thought it 
 poffible they mould live much longer, and 
 who was not convinced that he mould very 
 foon die. At this time Lieutenant Bowfer 
 faw Dr. Lloyd, whom he had formerly 
 known at Madras, coming out of Hyder's 
 tent. He inflantly requeued one of the 
 guards to call the Doctor, and, after mak- 
 ing himfelf known to him, begged that he 
 would obtain an order that his fmall party 
 might be fent to Colonel Baillie and the 
 other officers. With this requeft the Doctor 
 complied, without the fmalleft delay. There 
 were fome of them fo exhaufted with want, 
 pain, and fatigue, added to previous lofs of 
 blood, that it was found neceflary that they 
 ihould be carried on the backs of French 
 foldiers. 
 
 On the 1 3th, Kiftna-row, Hyder-Ally's 
 Dewan, or Treafurer, brought a thoufand 
 rupees, which Colonel Baillie divided in the 
 following manner : To each Captain thir- 
 teen rupees ; to the Lieutenants nine ~, to the 
 Enfigns feven; and to the non-commiffioned 
 
 officers
 
 EATE WAR IN ASIA. I? 
 
 officers and privates, one rupee each. This 1780. 
 officer of Hyder's took a lift of our names, 
 and delivered to Colonel Baillie a quantity of 
 filk cloth, palampore, and fome pieces of 
 coarfe cloth. The Colonel gave to the Cap- 
 tains, Surgeons; and Lieutenants of his Ma- 
 jefty's 73d regiment, each afilk cloth; to 
 the fubalterns one piece of coarfe cloth, 
 with one frnall palampore ; and to each pri- 
 vate one piece of cloth. This day Enligh 
 Wemyfs died. On this day, alfo, a foldier 
 brought the names of Captain Ferrier, 
 Lieutenant Wade, and Enfigri MoncriefF, 
 written on a piece of an earthen pot or 
 chatty. Thefe poor gentlemen had taken, 
 this method of iignifying that they were ftill 
 alive, and of requeuing fome affiftance* 
 Serjeant Macormick, on the day after the 
 engagement; found Lieutenant Wade and 
 Enlign MoncriefF thrown into a bum full of 
 thorns, and fo defperately wounded^ that 
 they were incapable of administering to 
 themfelves, or to one another, the fmalleft 
 relief or affiftance. The ferjeant, not with- 
 out difficulty, removed thefe unfortunate 
 gentlemen to the made of a tree, and having 
 VOL. II, B fupplied
 
 j8 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. fupplied them with a little water, left them 
 to the care of Providence. It was not in his 
 power, nor, alas ! in ours, to afford to our 
 friends the fmalleft aid, or to confole them 
 under their fufferings, by any token of our 
 fym pathetic forrow at their extreme dif- 
 trefs. 
 
 Sept. Some trunks of cloth were fent, by orders 
 I4> from. Hyder, for the ufe of the whole of his 
 prifoners. Colonel Baillie preiented the 
 commandant of our guard with an hundred 
 rupees. About eleven in the forenoon 
 Kiftna-row, Hyder's treafufer, came and 
 ordered fuch of us as were capable of walk- 
 ing to fland up. This order was inftantly 
 obeyed ; and a feparation took place. Colonel 
 Baillie, the Captains Baird, Rumley, Lucas, 
 Menteith, and Wragg, with the Lieutenants 
 Lindfey and Frazer, were ordered to remain 
 in the enemy's camp. The officers not 
 wounded, who amounted to the number of 
 twenty-three, were fent to Bangalore ; and 
 thofe who were wounded, of whom there 
 were twenty-feven, to Arnee. The wound- 
 ed privates were in like manner fent to Ar- 
 nee,
 
 tATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 Hee, and thofe not wounded to Bangalore, 
 All this was done fo fuddenly on the part of 
 Hyder, that we had not To much as art op- 
 portunity of fpeaking to each other, and if 
 any one had dared to folicit this privilege, 
 he would undoubtedly have been treated by 
 the guards, who were under the necefiity of 
 carrying their matter's orders into prompt 
 execution, with great abufe. However, as 
 they could not prevent us from feeing, we 
 beheld our brother fufferers mounted on 
 fmall horfes called tattoos : and foon after 
 this, fome doolies were brought for the 
 party deftined for Arnee, who were hurried 
 into them with every mark of contempt. 
 Thefe dcolies are the moft inhuman vehicles 
 in which Europeans were ever placed. The 
 common fort of them are from three feet 
 and an half to four feet long, and about two 
 feet and an half broad. They are compofed 
 of a frame made of bamboo or common 
 wood, with four ports at the corners, to 
 which the fides and ends are fattened, at 
 the dittance of eight inches from the ground* 
 To each of thefe potts is fixed a ttraight 
 B a bamboo, 
 
 ^
 
 2O M.EMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. bamboo, or large pole, by means of which 
 the machine is carried by four coolies or 
 bearers. The frame is lamed together by 
 ropes made of the fibres of the cocoa nut, 
 and fometimes by fmall rattan canes, 
 which, at the fame time that they ferve to 
 fatten the machine, fupply the place of a 
 feat. The doolies are ufually covered 
 Over with coarfe cotton cloth ; but as ours 
 had no coverings of any kind, many of our 
 gentlemen fufrered very feverely. 
 
 The poor foldiers, who laboured under 
 every mifery, were fome of them put into 
 thefe doolies, and above fifty of them placed 
 on arrack handlers or carts. It is impof- 
 fible to defcribe the inexpreffible fufferings 
 of thofe unfortunate men, defperately 
 wounded, their bodies expofed to a fevere 
 fun, placed fix or eight of them together on 
 thefe arrack bandiers, knocking agamft each 
 other from the jolting of the machine, and 
 refuied even a drop of water. When we 
 had advanced, in this painful manner, about 
 four miles from Hyder's camp, we made an 
 
 halt.
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 21 
 
 lialt. A fly of a marqui was now pitched, 1780. 
 to flicker us from the weather. About 
 eight in the evening there fell an heavy 
 fhower of rain, which proved fo deftrudtive 
 to fome of the foldiers that they died raving 
 mad : for thefe poor men having neither 
 tent nor covering of any kind, the water pe- 
 netrated even to the cerebellum, through the 
 fractures of the fkull. About twelve o'clock 
 at night a fheep was brought, with fome 
 rice, and drefTed by our fervants. 
 
 Doctor Campbell, one of our furgeons, 
 being at the point of death, requefled leave 
 to bid his laft farewel to his brother, who 
 was with the Bangalore party, encamped at 
 the diftance from us of about an hundred 
 yards. His requeft, after a good deal of he- 
 fitation, was granted. 
 
 At fun-rife we were ordered to eat fome Sept. 
 cold rice, and about eight o'clock we moved I5 ' 
 onward to Scolore ; at which place we ar- 
 rived about five in the afternoon. Captain 
 Ferrier, and feveral privates, died here, and 
 B 3 were
 
 22 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. were thrown carelefsly into an hole clofe by 
 us. The dooley boys, of the hill or cannery 
 cail, 4uring the courfe of our journey thi- 
 ther, behaved to us in a moil barbarous 
 manner, often beating us with flicks, refuf- 
 ing to give us water, and wantonly and 
 cruelly expofing us to the fun. At any time 
 when we were permitted to halt for a little 
 reft and refrefhment, if they had an oppor- 
 tunity of fetting us down under the made of 
 a grove or tree, they would give themfelves 
 trouble to expofe us to fufFering, by carry- 
 ing us about to that fide of the grove or 
 tree where we mould not enjoy the cooling 
 (hade of their leafy branches, but fuffer the 
 rage of the noon-day fun, in its utmoft 
 rigor. The men who carried thefe doolies, 
 as well as fome others of the lower cafts of 
 people in Hyder's dominions, would fre- 
 quently revile us in terms not to be repeat- 
 ed. . They would tell us, that we mould be 
 forced to eat our own dung *, and exprefs 
 
 * It would appear, from the facred writings of the Old 
 Teflament, that thi sexpreflkm of hatred and averfion was, 
 in antient times, common in other parts of the Eaft. 
 
 their
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 23 
 
 their hopes and confidence, that when we 1780. 
 ihould arrive at the place of our deflination, 
 Hyder would not fail to put us to death. 
 
 We moved off this day at the fame time ^Sept. 
 as yeflerday, and reached Arnee (which, l ' 
 with the adjacent country, had taken choul, 
 or come under the protection of Hyder) 
 at three in the afternoon. Here we were 
 crammed together into a filthy dungeon, 
 barely fufficient to receive us. Lieutenant 
 Cotton, jufl as he entered 'within the prifon 
 dropped down dead. It is probable, that 
 had we not halted at Arnee, the whole of us 
 would have perimed. In the evening fome 
 rice was fent to us, with a little mallal, 
 which is a fpecies oT fpice, or pepper, 
 
 Our daily allowance at Arnee was to each Sept. 
 of us one fear of rice, andfometimes a little '' 
 lean mutton, one fpoonful of ghee, a {malt 
 quantity of curry fluff", half a fpoonful of 
 fait, and two or three flicks of firewood. 
 Our fervants were allowed each three cam 
 per day, and one fear of rice with a little 
 B 4 fait,
 
 24 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. fait. Application was made for a little 
 ftraw to fleep on, but without fuccefs. We 
 were forced to reft on the bare ground, 
 without wine, tea, fugar, or any other com- 
 fort or refreshment than has been already 
 Ipecified. 
 
 At the time of our leaving Hyder's camp, 
 Monfieur Caftro, a furgeon, came with two 
 or three nifty instruments, and attended us, 
 during our (lay at Arnee. Monfieur Caf- 
 tro, it is juftice to fay, mewed us great hu- 
 manity and attention. Our only medicine 
 was a compofition of wax and oil, which 
 was purchafed in Hyder's camp. 
 
 Sept. In the evening died Doctor Campbell. 
 
 l8 ' The death of this gentleman was an object 
 of fincere regret to all the prifoners. Ap- 
 plication was made to the Keeladar for fome 
 cloth for bandages. This necefTary article 
 being refufed, we were obliged to tear up 
 the piece of coarfe cloth we had received 
 as a prefent from Hyder. Many of us were 
 under the ijeceffity of going, for feveral days, 
 
 naked,
 
 LATE WAR JN ASIA. 25 
 
 naked, being in poflefiion of only one mirt 1780- 
 and troufers, which, having already worn 
 them fix days, we were obliged to get 
 warned. Shoes we had none. We had 
 nothing of any kind to fupply the place of 
 either bedding or bed-cloaths ; and the rain, 
 falling on us through the crazy roof of our 
 prifon, difturbed and annoyed us by night 
 and by day. We were this day vifited by 
 an Hungarian ferjeant in the fervice of Hy- 
 der. This man, although he was as great 
 a rogue as could be imagined, proved after- 
 wards of very great fervice to us. After 
 repeated applications to the Keeladar we at 
 laft received, on this day, five old mats, and 
 made a divifion of them by cutting them in 
 pieces : but they were fo bad that we could 
 fcarcely ufe them. 
 
 We applied to the Keeladar, chiefly on 
 Account of the wounds that many of us had 
 received in our heads, for a barber. He re- 
 turned for anfwer, that if we troubled him 
 any more, he would fend us irons. 
 
 This
 
 26 MEMOIRS OF T H 
 
 1780. This day was marked by the death of 
 Sept. Mr oha Ba] -jii e a cac j e t: 
 
 20. 
 
 22. 'As this was by that of Enfign Dick : 
 2 g. And this by that of Lieutenant Cox, 
 
 Mr. Baillie, during the courfe of the 
 preceding night, had fallen into a delirium ; 
 and as we were not allowed any light in 
 our prifon, he walked over feveral of the 
 wounded officers, who, in the greateft 
 anguifh, cried out in vain for affiftance. 
 We had thefe gentlemen as decently 
 carried out as our fituation would allow. 
 However, we learned afterwards, that they 
 were ftripped of the piece of cloth which 
 covered them, and thrown into the bed of 
 a river, expofed to jackalls and tygers and 
 other ravenous animals, 
 
 O&. Eniign Gordon, who had now recovered 
 from his wounds, was taken out of prifon 
 and fent to Scringapatam. Lieutenant 
 JVlackay received fifty pagodas fent by our 
 
 refident
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA, 2J 
 
 refident at Pondichery, Mr. Skardon, and 1780, 
 conveyed to us by means of our good friend ^* 
 the French doctor. This gentleman, touch- 
 ed with our miferable iituation, carried a 
 letter to the humane, to the godlike Captain 
 Pimoran, whofe name it is impoiTible to 
 mention without the livelier! emotions of 
 gratitude, admiration, and love, attending his 
 duty in Hyder's army, employed at that 
 time in the fiege of Arcott, which is diftant 
 from Arnee about eighteen Engliih miles. 
 The goodnefs of the doctor was the greater 
 that he undertook and performed this friend- 
 ly journey, notwithftanding the mean in- 
 finuations of the Hungarian ferjeant above- 
 mentioned, who allured him that he would 
 undoubtedly be detected, and dragged to 
 death at an elephant's foot. Captain Pimo- 
 ran prefented his lincere refpedts, and begged 
 leave to allure us, that he had fent all the 
 ready money in his poiTeilion by Moniieur 
 Caftro, but that he would on every occaiion 
 drift us to the the utmoft of his power. If 
 we had not been favoured with thefe fupplies 
 from this generous Frenchman, a private 
 
 friend though a public foe, the greater 
 
 part
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. P art ^ us mu ft k ave perimed through 
 want. 
 
 Soon after this we received the melan- 
 choly tidings that Captain Pimoran had fal- 
 len before Arcott. An honourable death 
 fecured to this generous fpirit the glory of 
 a life that was an honour to human nature. 
 But we felt inexpreflible regret, that we 
 could no longer indulge the hopeof teftify- 
 ing, by fome vifible token, that inward gra- 
 titude and efteem which had been awakened 
 in each of our breads, by his generous 
 goodnefs. 
 
 About this time, the Doctor, having 
 reprefented to us the miferable fituation of 
 our unfortunate foldiers, we purchafed for 
 their relief twenty-feven pieces of cloth : 
 but on applying to the Keeladar for permif- 
 fion to fend them, we received no anfvver 
 .to our requeft. So that the fufferings of, the 
 poor foldiers remained unafTuaged by the 
 comforts which their friends had provided. 
 Nor was this the only, or the moft preffing 
 requeft that we were under the necefiity of 
 
 making
 
 I.ATE WAR IN ASIA. 9 
 
 making to our enemies. Our place of re- 1780, 
 tirement, which was fituated within the 
 walls of our difmal dungeon, became fo 
 offenfive, that we made the moft importu- 
 nate applications to have it cleared. But 
 no orders were iffued for this neceffary fer- 
 vice by the Keeladar, and none were to be 
 found who would do it voluntarily. The 
 fufferings that arofe from this putrid fource, 
 in a fultry climate, to men afflidted and worn 
 down with fluxes ; the fwarms of odious 
 vermin that aflailed our naked and fore 
 bodies, and that, penetrating and neflling in 
 the wounded ear of a certain officer, turned 
 the auricular nerve into an inftrument of the 
 mofh exquifite pain for feveral nights and 
 days : thefe cannot be recollected without 
 horrour, nor related without difguft. Nor 
 is it worth while, after hinting at fuch dif- 
 trefles as thefe, to relate that in the prifon 
 of Arnee many of the Englifh officers, on 
 account of the want of fervants, were 
 obliged to waih their own pots, to kindle 
 their own fires, and drefs their own vic- 
 tuals. 
 
 At
 
 ^o MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. At this period of our Narrative, it may 
 be proper to give the following ftatement of 
 the different fates that awaited the gentle- 
 men of ColoneJ Baillie's detachment, in the 
 late unfortunate aftion near Tacoallum. 
 
 Names of Corps. 
 
 Killed 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Di'd of 
 
 Wounds. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Baillie 
 Lieut. Col. Fletcher 
 Lieut. Frazer, Brigadier Major 
 Lieut. Read, Aid de Camp 
 Lieut. Chace, Brigadier Major 
 Enfign Burgier, Commiflary 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 SURGEONS. 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Wilfon 
 Raine 
 Campbell 
 Ogilvie 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 Grenadier Company , 73^ Regi- 
 ment. 
 
 
 
 
 Lieut. John Lindfey 
 Lieut. Gufin 
 Mr. Forbes, Volunteer 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 Light Infantry , 73^. 
 
 Capt. David Baird 
 Lieut. Mackenzie 
 Lieut. Melville 
 Mr. Hodges, Volunteer 
 Mr. Cutlibert, Ditto 
 
 Carry over 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 | 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 i \
 
 LATE WAR I N ASIA* 
 
 Names of Corps. 
 
 Killed 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Died of 
 
 Wounds. 
 
 Brought over 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 I 
 
 Company's Artillery. 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Jones 
 Lieut. Smith 
 Lieut. Cox - 
 Lieut. Mirton 
 Mr. Monie, Conductor 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 Capt. Phillips'* European Gre- 
 nadiers. 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Phillips 
 Lieut. Knox 
 Lieut. Mafley 
 Enfign Clarke 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 Capt. Ferrler's European Gre- 
 nadiers. 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Ferrier 
 Lieut. Wade 
 Lieut. M'Neale 
 Lieut. Bowfer 
 Lieut. Halliburton 
 John Goree, Volunteer 
 John Hope, ditto 
 Latham, ditto - 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 Sepoy Markfmen. 
 
 
 
 
 Lieut. Muat. 
 
 
 
 
 Two Companies of European In- 
 . fantry. 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Menteith - * - 
 Capt. Wragg 
 
 Carry over 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 ii 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 1780* 

 
 32 MEMOIRS O 
 
 F T 
 
 H E 
 
 
 1780. Names of Corps. 
 
 Killed 
 
 Wounded 
 
 Diec c . 
 Wounds 
 
 Brought over 
 
 II 
 
 *3 
 
 4 
 
 Enfign Galway 
 Lie- it. Naih 
 Lieut. Dring 
 Mr. Baillie, Volunteer 
 Lieut. Baillie, Volunteer 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 
 Five Companies Sepoy Grena- 
 diers. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Rumley 
 Enfign Moore 
 Enfign Maconichy 
 Enfign Stringer 
 Enfign Wood 
 Enfign Clarke 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 i 
 i 
 i 
 i 
 
 
 
 Five Companies Sepoy Grena- 
 diers. 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Gowclie - & 
 Lieut. Mackay 
 Enfign Picklaw 
 Enfign Wilfon 
 Enfign Gordon 
 Enfign Sheddon 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Firft Carnatic Battalion. 
 
 Capt. Lucas 
 Lieut. Campbell 
 Enfign Innis 
 Enfign Macalifter 
 Enngn MacLane * 
 Enfign Lombard 
 Enfign Corner 
 Enfign Lang 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 
 Carry over 
 
 '7 
 
 27 
 
 4
 
 LATE WAR IN A s i A." 
 
 '33 
 
 Names of Corps. 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Died of 
 
 Woumls.) 
 
 1780. 
 
 Brought over 
 
 I? 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 
 Second drear Battalion. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Powell 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Lieut. Cotton 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 Lieut. Forbes 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lieut. Jurin 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Enfign Curtis 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Enfign Hemming 
 Enfign Dawes - - 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 EnfignWynn 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Enfign Dick 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 Enfign Forbes 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Second Carnatic Battalion. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Geo. Nixon 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Lieut. Butler 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lieut. Dalrymple 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 ..,-Enfign Mackay 
 Enfign Bofwell 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Enfign Rogers - 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Enfign Tomlirifoh '^i*:\ ' 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Enfign Frank 
 
 
 
 
 
 ix Companies of the jtb Carna- 
 tic Battalions 
 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Grant ^i* 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Emign \v hue % - 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enfign Mahagan 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Enfign Marfhall 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Enfign Macleod : -\ -i 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 29 
 
 3? 
 
 6 
 
 
 VOL. II, 
 
 The
 
 4> MEMOIRS OF TH 
 
 i7<3o. The officers, including volunteers, were 
 in whole eighty-fix. Of thefe feventy were 
 killed or wounded, and only fixteen efcaped 
 unhurt, 
 
 Nov. The following gentlemen being recovered 
 of their wounds Iverefent offto Seringapatam : 
 Lieutenants MafTey, Turin, Chace; En- 
 figns Wilfon and Stringer. This day we 
 received accounts of the Pittah of Arcott 
 having furrendered. 
 
 Dec. The following gentlemen being recovered 
 of their wounds, were ordered for Seringa- 
 patam, and previoufly to their departure 
 made up a fum of one hundred and fifty 
 pagodas, in bills on Madras, for the French 
 Doctor, their worthy and good friend, who 
 flied tears on their departure: Captain 
 Grant; the Lieutenants Bowfer, But- 
 . ler, Mackay- Enfigns, Picklaw, Moore, 
 Maconichy, Macalifter; Volunteers Baillie 
 and Hope. Lieutenants Melvill, Dalrym- 
 ple, and Knox, were left at Arnee. Mr. 
 Knox laboured under a dropfy, ,.nor had the 
 Doctor any inftruments to give him re- 
 lief.
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA; 'j 
 
 lief. Lieutenant Melvill had received a 1780, 
 ihot in his left arm, which broke and mat- 
 tered the bone ; and, a few inftants after, 
 as he was in the act of turning round to 
 .{peak to fome of the foldiers, a ball parTed 
 through the fame arm, and part of his left 
 breaft. Had it not been for the accident of 
 turning round, this ball muft inevitably have 
 put an end to his exiftence. The enemy's 
 cavalry having broke into our ranks, in the 
 confufion and carnage which enfued, the 
 bone of his right arm was cut in two by a 
 fabre, and he was darned unmercifully on 
 the ground. He was, after this, ilripped 
 of all his clothes, even of his fhirt, and while 
 he was dragged to a convenient fpot for this 
 purpofe, his head flriking againft every 
 ftone, and his disjointed arms trailing over 
 the enfanguined foil, he fuffered the extremi- 
 ty of pain; As he lay naked, bleeding and 
 helplefs Oa this fpot, an horfeman, with 
 wanton cruelty, wounded him in the back 
 with his fpear. In this miferable fituation 
 he lay for two days and two nights, expofed 
 to the tortures of a burning fun, to the 
 danger of being torn to pieces by beafts of 
 C 2 prey,
 
 36 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 i~ 80. p re y> an ^> what every foldier whofe fate it 
 has been to lie wounded on a field of battle 
 knows to be more dreadful than any or all 
 other- circumflances of fuffering united, to 
 the want of water. Lieutenant 'Melvill 
 having made repeated efforts to afTuage, in 
 fome degree, his burning thirft, by means 
 of whatever grafs or herbs was within the 
 narrow circumference of his reach, in vain, 
 was reduced, like other men in fimilar fi- 
 tuations of extreme diftrefs, to the neceitity 
 of feeking for relief from the moiflure of 
 his own body. Had it not been for the 
 humane and moll: generous attentions of 
 Lieutenant Forbes, who lay by him part of 
 the firft night and affifled him, he mufl in 
 all human probability have perimed. He 
 was, at lafl, on the morning of the third 
 day, picked off the field by fome of the 
 enemy, who, without any circumftance of 
 fellow-feeling or humanity, carried him in 
 a rude and cruel manner to their camp. 
 The recovery of Mr. Melvill may be ranked 
 among the moil flaking proofs of the pro- 
 vifion that is made for the preservation of 
 the human frame. 
 
 We
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 37 
 
 We left Arnee about nine in the morn- 1780.' 
 ing, penetrated with forrow at parting from 
 our friends and fellow- fuflerers. We were 
 under charge of a Bram in, one Commandant 
 of the troops, coniifling of a few firelock 
 men, one hundred and fifty colleries, and 
 a few horfemen. Piats, or fmall horfes, were 
 given for our conveyance. A horfe-keeper 
 was allowed tq each piat horfe, who had a 
 rope fattened to the head flail of /the bridle, 
 with poiitive orders not to quit his flation. 
 The whole of us were ordered to move on in 
 a rank entire. We fuffered much from this 
 mode of conveyance, having only a pad in the 
 room. of a faddle, and no ftirrups 3 crowds 
 of people gazing at us, and many behaving 
 in ' a moil infolent manner. When we ar- 
 rived on the glacis, we met thirty- two 
 of our unfortunate foldiers hand-cuffed, two 
 and two, barefoot, and almofl naked. Every 
 exertion on our part was made, in order to 
 alleviate their diflrefs. 
 
 We arrived in Poloor about four in the 
 
 afternoon. Some rice was boiled for us and 
 
 the foldiers, with a little fait. The rice, 
 
 after being boiled, was rolled into a ball for 
 
 C 3 the 
 
 358002-,' '
 
 gS MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. the foldiers, about the fize of a foot-ball, 
 and each perfon received his ball. The fol- 
 diers, at the different halting places, were 
 kept feparate from us. As many of thefe 
 were not recovered from their wounds, they 
 "were allowed, after repeated applications, to 
 attend the furgeons of the country ; but 
 under particular reitriftions not to afk for 
 news. Many of the foldiers fuffered much 
 from .he want of fhoes. Thefe men not 
 being able to walk, bullocks were provided, 
 on which they were forced to ride, ftill re- 
 maining hand-cuffed to their comrades. 
 This piece of cruelty we pointed out both 
 to the Bramin and Commandant; but only 
 received for anfwer, that they had no orders 
 from the Bahauder to take off their irons. 
 Whenever we approached near a village, 
 tom-toms, a kind of drums, and winding 
 collery horns, advanced in front, that the 
 inhabitants might, by this difcordant mufic, 
 be affembled together to gaze at. us, as 
 we paffed through. We fuffered much, 
 during our march, from the intenfe heat, as 
 they would not travel in the night, but only 
 in the day time, and that during the hottefl 
 part of it. The daily allowance which we 
 
 received
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 39 
 
 received was one fmall iheep, divided between 1780. 
 us and the foldiers, in all forty-one perfons, 
 one fear of rice each, with a little fait. In the \ * 
 villages through which we parTed, fome of 
 the people would exprefs fentiments of com- 
 paffion,- and fufFer us to 'drink water, not 
 indeed out of their vefTels, which would 
 have been pollution, but out of the palms 
 of their hands ; while others would revile 
 ws, and pray that we might be put to the 
 fword without mercy. Such is the extreme 
 difference of natural tempers. 
 
 Arrived at Bangalore, and vifited by the Dec. 
 Keeladar, who made us many flattering pro- l8 ' 
 mifes, but executed none. 
 
 About five in the evening arrived at Se- 23. 
 ringapatam, where we were led in triumph 
 to Hyder's Palace, furrounded by crowds of 
 people, till near feven o'clock, during which 
 time our names were taken down in writing 
 by the Keeladar, and then ordered to a fmall 
 confined prifon, where we found Captains 
 Baird, Wragg, Menteith; Lieutenants 
 Lindfey, Maffey, Chace, Tur-in; Enfigns 
 Willbn and Stringer. Our joy on this oc- 
 C 4 cafioa
 
 4P MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 I 7 80. cafion was great -, we \vere allowed one gold 
 fanam each per day, and a French furgeon 
 to attend us (Monfieur Fortune). The guard? 
 here confiiled of two goloks (civilians who 
 acted as field deputies), two havaldars, twelve 
 Sepoys, one dufFadar, and twelve collerees, 
 a lower clafs of foldiers. Our fervants were 
 permitted to attend the Buzar morning and 
 evening, and allowed by the Keeladar to 
 purchafe one bottle and two thirds of 
 pia arrack, (a liquor difHlled from the 
 bark of a tree), weekly, for each gentleman, 
 the amount of which was one fanam and 
 eight dubs. The poor foldiers- who accom- 
 panied us were fent to a different prifon. 
 
 Enfign Gordon, who left Arnee the 4th 
 of October, was amongft the foldiers here, 
 and in irons. Repeated applications were 
 made to the Myar, or Town Major, to re- 
 move him to us, in vain : but at laft, on 
 our folemn alfurances that he was an officer, 
 his irons were taken off. 
 
 The following are the ftages. at which 
 we halted, in our journey from Arnee to 
 
 Seringa-
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 4? 
 
 Seringapatam, with the intermediate dif- i"8o. 
 tances : 
 
 Cofs. Miles. 
 
 From Arnee to Poloor * 6 i^ 
 
 A deferted villa 6 134. 
 
 Changama 6 131 
 
 Chingerry Pett 6 131 
 
 Matore - 6 13! 
 
 Covey Patam -f- 5 ill- 
 
 Ria Cotah - ' 8 20 
 
 Taalcondah 4 io 
 
 Uflbre J 410 
 
 Bangalore - io 25 
 
 Carry over 61 144 
 
 " * This is a very pleafant little village. We were lodged 
 in the ruins of an old palace. 
 
 f This place is fituatet 1 in the midft of a beautiful and 
 highly cultivated valley, and within fight of the Kiftna 
 Gurry hills. We halted here a whole day, in order to have 
 our cloaths warned. The Keeladar, who came andfmoaked 
 his hooker with us, converfed familiarly, and exprefled 
 great compaflion for our misfortunes. 
 
 J A pleaiant little town, furrcunded by a firong ftone 
 wall, with turrets, and fituated in the midft of extenfive 
 paddy fields. 
 
 This tov/n is five or fix miles in circumference, well 
 watered, interfperfed with pleafant gardens and groves, 
 and environed by fields and pafturc lands of great fertility. 
 It is furrounded by a ftrong ftone wall> and contains a pet- 
 tah enclofed within a mud wall.
 
 M E M O I R S OF THE 
 
 o Cofs. 
 
 Brought over 61 144 
 Kingerry Catah 6 15 
 
 Ramgurry - 8 20 
 
 Chenapatam * 410 
 
 Guutall -j- - 7 1 71 
 
 Seringapatam - {, 8 20 
 
 94 226^ 
 
 Each cofs is z| Englifh miles. Eng. Miles. 
 
 Dec. Repeated applications have been made to 
 
 *3> the Keeladar, for cots to fleep on, but with- 
 
 out fuccefs. We are therefore neceffitated 
 
 to make ufe of flraw. The Keeladar will 
 
 * At this place v/e were lodged under a gateway, on 
 each fide of which a gallery was conftru&ed, fupported by 
 two or three pillars. The foldiers were placed in one of 
 thefe galleries, and the officers in another ; which afforded 
 a fcene not more fingular than fatisfaclory. For here we 
 had an opportunity of converfing with the poor foldiers, as 
 well as with Enfign Gordon, and indulging our curiofity, by 
 putting a thoufand queftions concerning their fate, and that 
 of others. At parting, we had the pleafure of contributing 
 to their relief and comfort, by furnifhing them with a few 
 cloaths and fome tobacco. 
 
 f At Guutall we were lodged in a fmall Choultry. 
 Here we were permitted to go on the ramparts, and to fur- 
 vey the country, which is very rich, highly cultivated, full 
 of cocoa-nut trees, groves, fields aboundhg v.ith grain, 
 and well built and populous villages. 
 
 not
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 4J 
 
 not even allow the door of the prifon to be 1780. 
 kept open during the courfe of the day, in 
 order to admit a little air, although we have 
 often told him of the dangerous confe- 
 quences to be apprehended from its exclu- 
 fion, and alfo informed him that feveral 
 gentlemen were very much indifpofed. To 
 all our reprefentations and fupplications we 
 received for anfwer, that if any cf us died, 
 they would carry us out lamed to a bamboo, 
 for the prey, of the tygers andjackalls. 
 
 An head Bramin belonging to theCircar, 1-781 
 ordered us all to turn out of our births, and, J an - 
 after afTembling us near his perfon, attempt- 
 ed to engage us in the fervice of Hyder, 
 with the flattering promifes of great pay, 
 horfes, palanquins, women, flaves, &c. On 
 our refufmg to take fervice, he faid, we 
 were fine men, and that it grieved him to 
 fee us in that fituation. He affured us, that 
 when he invited us to take fervice, it was 
 not underflood that we mould fight againfl 
 our country ; and that we were to do no- 
 thing but walk about at our pleafure. 
 
 Received
 
 44 MEMOIRS F THE 
 
 1781. Received the following letter, brought in 
 Captain Wragg* 
 
 J an - privately : 
 
 ff Dear Friend, 
 
 " I Shall never forget you at Combi- 
 " tore, You was my Enfign , you behaved 
 " yourfelf to the Company honourably. I 
 " am forry to hear of your being prifoner. 
 " Pray be fo good as to take in patience for 
 " twelve years, two men, being prifoners in 
 " Seringapatam. The two men are Samuel 
 f ' Spencer and John Wilton, both London 
 " born. We were taken at Errod, in 
 " 1768. I hope your honour will be fo 
 " good as to acquaint the Commander of 
 " Madras about us two captives, if God 
 " gives liberty for your honours to return 
 ^ back. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 " SAMUEL SPENCER, 
 " JOHN WILTON." 
 
 Thefe two unfortunate men, as we learned 
 afterwards, are by trade armourers. They 
 
 have
 
 'LATE WAR: -I-tt -A-StA. 45 
 
 have each of them five : gold fanams a day, 17 Si* 
 with two drams, of arrack : but they, have 
 guards over them, and appear quite deject- 
 ed. They are allowed to drefs in the Eu-^ 
 ropean %le, but are very dirty. 
 
 Arrived Captain. Menteith's fervant from 
 Arnee, and informed us of the fall of Fort 
 Gingee, and the death of Lieutenant Knox. 
 
 Raifed by fubfcription, and fent to Enfign Jan, 
 Gordon, eight and a half pagodas. - . 2 ^* 
 
 Arrived this afternoon, Captain Lucas 
 and Enfign Macauley ; the ktter taken at 
 
 Gingee. f 
 
 Arrived Lieutenant Colonel Baillie, Cap- Mar. 
 tain R'umley, and Lieutenant Frazer: the 8 
 two firft of thefe : gentlemen in irons, as 
 they alfo had been during their journey 
 from Arcott to this place, which is up- 
 wards of two hundred and forty Englifh 
 miles; they were . lodged in a veranda, an 
 open gallery, oppofe to our prifon, at the 
 diftance of about two hundred yards. Ar- 
 rived
 
 4& MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1781. rived at the fame time Mr. Skardon, refi-" 
 dent at Pondicherry, Mr. Brunton, late art 
 Enfign in the Company's fervice, and a 
 Mr. MacNeal, mate of a country fhip; the 
 two laft fent amongfl the foldiers, and Mr. 
 Skardon to our prifon, with the daily al- 
 lowance .of fix cam, one fear of rice, half 
 a fear of doll, and a little ghee : this allow- 
 ance was poor indeed, but as we were or* 
 every occafion ready with our fmall pittance 
 to affift our brother fufferers, we made a 
 monthly fubfcription in .order to put him on 
 a level with us. 
 
 Mar. Vifited by the Keeladar, who behaved to 
 us in a moft contemptuous manner, refilling 
 to fpeak but through an interpeter. He 
 was very particular in examining our irons. 
 
 2q f Ordered to be muflered three times a 
 
 day. 
 
 May Vifited by a black Commandant, who 
 played a game at chefs with Captain Lucas : 
 this game was brought from India inter 
 Europe. 
 
 Several
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 47 
 
 Several letters taken by the French 1781* 
 docttor's fervant for our friends in the M2 7* 
 Carnatic, requefting a fupply of money, and 
 to know if there was any profpect of 
 peace. 
 
 The whole of us (except Captain Baird *<*! 
 of the 7 3d) put in heavy irons; and the ,\'i 
 French furgeon ordered not to attend us. 
 Each pair of irons was from eight to nine 
 pound weight. This was the commence- 
 ment of a deliberate fyftem, as afterwards 
 more fully appeared, for cutting us off! 
 This a melancholy day. 
 
 ' I f '* *-l -,- rfV <-<'-> '"""'jH* '- *jA V -^i r ' t 
 '" t 
 
 Arrived Lieutenant Coke, and put in ^* 
 irons. He was taken at Pandanalore, in the. 
 Tanjore country. 
 
 Lieutenant Turin's irons taken off, on ac-. 2 4 
 count of a wound in his thigh, fa ( 
 
 In confequence and in honour of his j un e 
 Majefty's birth-day, we had for dinner 4 ' 
 fowl, cutlets, and a flower pudding, and 
 
 drank
 
 4_S MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 .drank his health in a chatty of fher-* 
 bet. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 6. Arrived prifoners, five Europeans, with 
 
 a number of Carnatic Have boys and girls 
 torn. from our country. 
 
 8. We receivedl accounts of the French 
 
 doctor's fervant having returned from the 
 Carnatic : but no letters from our friends. 
 
 Sept. Mr. Chriftie, ferjeant of the Bengal de- 
 ?' tachment, arrived this afternoon. He be- 
 longed to Colonel Pearce's detachment, and 
 was taken prifoner near Pulicat the 3d of 
 Auguft. Mr. Chriftie, when it was difco- 
 vered that he was not an officer, was on the' 
 9th fent among the foldiers. Favourable 
 accounts received at this time of the 
 fpirited exertions of Mr. Haftings difTufe a 
 general joy throughout the prilbn. 
 
 I0t Several gentlemens legs are found to be 
 
 very much fvvelled on account of the weight 
 of their irons. Repeated , applications to 
 
 the
 
 tATE WAR IN ASIA. 49 
 
 the Keeladar to have them taken off, but 1781. 
 without fuccefs. 
 
 A grand Gentoo feaft, at which the King Sept* 
 of Myfore was prefent, a lad about twelve l8 ' 
 years of age. This royal prifoner is allowed 
 to appear in public only at this particular 
 time. We were allowed, as a very par- 
 ticular favour, to indulge our curiofity with 
 a fight of his majefty. 
 
 Vinted by a Commandant, who aiked a Oc! 
 few trifling quefUons. . 
 
 The guard very particular in examining 
 our irons at the different mufters. 
 
 A Sepoy of our guard informs us, that 
 fixteen foldiers had been taken out of one 
 of the prifons in Seringapatam and circumci- 
 fed, and that they intended to remove fome 
 of us for the fame purpofe* 
 
 This evening we faw the Europeans at 28* 
 exercife,'and drafted in the Mahomedan fa- 
 VOL. II. D ihion,
 
 CO MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. fhion, correfponding in number with the Se- 
 poy's information. 
 
 Our fervants, and thofe who attend- 
 ed the foldiers, met together every day, 
 in order to receive their daily allowance of 
 rice. Hence we had an opportunity of cor- 
 refponding with our fellow-captives in the 
 different prifons by means of a rice cake, or 
 hopper, and a cherool or fagar, which is 
 fome leaves of tobacco rolled up in the 
 form of a tube fo as to be fmoked without 
 the aid of a pipe or any other inftrument, 
 One would afk another if he would eat 
 a bit of hopper. The perfon who offered 
 this refrefhment took care to give that part 
 of the cake which contained the letter. 
 In like manner one would afk another for a 
 fagar: and the other, underftanding the 
 meaning of the requeft, would give him 
 what he wanted, if any intelligence was to 
 be communicated: if not, he would per- 
 haps fay that he had none. In this manner 
 we had an opportunity of interchanging fen- 
 timents, of condoling with one another, and 
 of contributing what little was in our power 
 
 to
 
 lATE WAft IN ASIA. $1 
 
 to the relief of thofe who were in the great- 17811* 
 eft want or diftrefs. The eonfolation we 
 felt in this intercourfe of fympathetic aftec- 
 tion induced us even to encounter the dan- 
 ger of death ; for this moll affuredly would 
 have been our lot if our correfpondenee had 
 been difcovered, 
 
 In one or other of the conveyances 
 defcribed, received the following letter from 
 Serjeant Hollingfvvorth* 
 
 " THIS morning I was informed of 
 *' your being defirous to know in what 
 *' manner the fixteen Europeans were fepa- 
 " rated from us. On the i.Sth of,Septem- 
 " ber the head Myar with a Bramin came to 
 *' our prifon and ordered the ferjeant to call 
 " in the men, which was immediately done 
 " without any fufpicion, and the above 
 " Myar and Bramin fingled out lixteen of 
 '* the youngeft, knocked off their irons, and 
 " marched them to the Keeladar, and then 
 *' allied if they would take fervicej when 
 *' they all declared they would fooner die 
 " than be bo'und to the fervice of a tyrant. 
 D 2 "At
 
 5 2 -MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780. " At fun-fet they were conducted, one by 
 " one, to a fmall apartment, where an 
 " operator attended, with fix cafFres to hold 
 " them while they were circumcifed. 
 " This was affirmed by them to Enlign 
 " Brunton. 
 
 " This morning the Bramin came into 
 " our prifon again for a drum and fife, but 
 " they being fick he went away without 
 " them." 
 
 Received the following letter, addreffed to 
 Captain Lucas and the officers in our pri- 
 fon, from Serjeant Dempfter of the Bengal 
 artillery, who voluntarily entered into the 
 fervice of Hyder, and who had once on a 
 former occafion deferted from Colonel 
 Pearce's detachment : 
 
 " Sir, 
 
 " YOUR fervants cafting an eye to one 
 " of us fometime ago, gives us reafon to 
 " think that you would be delirous to 
 '* know fomething of our prefent unheard- 
 " of and unfortunate fituation : not to be 
 " paralleled perhaps in the hiftory or an- 
 
 " nals
 
 L A T E W A R I N A S I A. 53 
 
 " nals of any nation. On V/edenfday the xygi. 
 " i gth of September the Bramin and My- 
 " ar came to our prifon, and after falling in 
 " the men, he felected fixteen from the reft, 
 " fmiths being prepared to knock off their 
 *' irons, without giving us the finalleir. idea 
 " of what was to enfue, and conducted us 
 " to the kutcheree, where they informed us 
 " upon what account we were relealed, 
 " and in a very flattering manner requefled 
 " of us to take fervice. All their promifes 
 " and tenders were rejected with difdain. 
 " They then changed their accent, and 
 " threatened us in the fevereft manner. 
 " We were then conducted to a large fquare, 
 " the repofitory or feminary of thofe Car- 
 " natic boys that had been brought into 
 " flavery, whom you lee every night at cx- 
 " ercife. Upon our arrival there, how 
 " great was our furprife to find two Englim 
 '* lads amongft thefe boys, who had been 
 " circumcifed three months before our ar- 
 " rival, one of whom is a Mr. Clarke, who 
 " had been an Eniign in the 2d batallion, 
 " 2d regiment ; the other a private in the 
 " fame regiment. They informed us imme- 
 D 3 " diately
 
 4- MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1780, " diately that we mould be circumcifed.- 
 *' They had fcarce finimed telling us this, 
 " when the guard came in, accompanied by a 
 " barber*. You, fir, who have delicate feel- 
 " ings, will conceive what our fituation was, 
 " dragged to what every Chriflian in the 
 " univerfe utterly abhors, and furrounded 
 f< by enemies whofe very fouls are many 
 " thoufand times blacker than their vifage. 
 ** After forne refiflence on the part of every 
 " one of us, we were obliged at laft to fit 
 *' down and be fhaved, after which we re- 
 " mained in the moft cruel uncertainty for 
 * { three or four hours, when our ill-favour- 
 " ed guard brought us a doze of -f- majum 
 " each, and obliged us to to take it. It 
 *' wrought difFerently. Some were infen- 
 " fible : others were not. A little after fun- 
 " fet, a black furgeon, with thirty or forty 
 " caffres, feize^ and held us while the 
 " operation was performed. We remained 
 " under cure for a month, upon fix cafh 
 " per day, with mutton, rice, &c. The 
 
 * The Mahometans are always (haved all over before 
 circumcifion. 
 
 | A ftupifying drug. 
 
 " 30th
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. ^5 
 
 " 30th of October, we were conduced to 1781. 
 " the kutcheree, and there examined if we 
 " would take 1 thofe Carnatic Have boys 
 <f and learn them their difcipline, for which 
 " we fhould receive each of us one gold 
 " fanam per day, with provifions and cloaths ; 
 " which we hope, in our prefent fituation, 
 " you will not conflrue into any difafFec"tion 
 " to our couritry or officers, it being all 
 " force and conftraint. 
 
 " However, actuated by lively, and at the. 
 " fame time pungent forrow, that you in your 
 *' prefent diftreffed fituation, mould be a me- 
 " lancholy witnefs of thofe men, who were 
 " fo lately under your command, whofe in- 
 " dulgence and paternal care, particularly on 
 ' ' the day of action , was fecond to that of none 5 
 " we humbly make bold to allure you, that 
 " fcarce filial duty can be exceeded on our 
 " part, every man in the other prifon and 
 " here, being at any time ready to lay down 
 '* their lives to refcue you from the fmalleft 
 " harm. Our fondnefs was the reafon of our 
 " running this hazard in writing, and moft 
 *' heartily and fmcerely wifhing to fee you 
 D 4 " Ihortly
 
 .56 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 17 3 1. " mortly releafed, and in a way of releafing 
 " us unfortunate vidtims from the chains of 
 " this barbarian. 
 
 (Signed) 
 JOHN MAXWELL DEMPSTER. 
 
 " Once an Enfign in his Majefty's 
 
 " regiment of foot, and late a Serjeant 
 
 (f in the Bengal artillery." 
 
 Oft 
 
 , 0e * Duncan Macintofh and Donald Stewart, 
 
 privates, both of the j gd regiment, were 
 forcibly taken out and circumcifed. 
 
 This day Captain Wragg received the 
 following letter : 
 
 " Sir, 
 
 " AFTER the many repeated favours I 
 " have received at your hands, I think it 
 " my duty to acquaint you of my prefent . 
 " Situation; that I am unfortunately one of 
 " the men who was taken out, and under- 
 <! went the dreadful pain of circumcifion. 
 
 (Signed) 
 " BENTALL WOODLEY." 
 
 Captai 
 
 am
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 57 
 
 1781. 
 
 Captain Baird put in irons. Nov. 
 
 10. 
 
 A report prevails that our correfpondence n. 
 with the different prifons is difcovered, 
 which gives the greateft alarm. We pro- 
 ceed inflantly to deftroy or to conceal pa- 
 pers, knives, fcifTars, razors, &c. This 
 journal, which was written within a very 
 fmall compafs, on a flip of Indian paper, in 
 fuch an hand as that in which innocent 
 idlers write out the Lord's prayer within 
 the circumference of a halfpenny, was con- 
 cealed on this, as on other occafions of 
 alarm, which were not unfrequent, in a 
 fmall hole dug deep in the earthen floor of 
 our prifon, carefully filled up and beaten 
 into a perfedt equality and refemblance of 
 the contiguous furface. 
 
 It is reported that a man was intercepted 12. 
 who had undertaken to carry a letter from 
 us to Colonel Baillie. 
 
 Having made repeated application for 
 medicines for the fick, we were informed 
 
 that
 
 5 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1781, that the ftricteft orders had been iffued, that 
 no medicines mould be adminiftered to us 
 by any perfon, under the pain of the moft 
 fevere and mocking mutilation. We had not 
 come there to live, we were told ; and that 
 nothing could be more acceptable to the Na- 
 bob than the news of our death. Thefe me- 
 lancholy tidings had a vilible effect on the 
 minds of the gentlemen who were indif- 
 pofed. Cut oft from all hope of relief, 
 but that alone which might poffibly arife 
 from the unarfifted efforts of nature, they 
 began to droop and defpond exceedingly. 
 We repeated and preffed our folicitations 
 for medicines to no purpofe. The fentries 
 to w T hom we applied, declared, that they 
 would willingly bring in fome, if they ccufcfc 
 do it with fafety ; but that their orders were 
 exprefs, and that their ears and nofes, and 
 right hands, mufl pay the forfeiture of dif- 
 obedience. 
 
 Received the following letter from En- 
 Cgn Clarke : 
 
 " Gentlemen,
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 59 
 
 " Gentlemen, 
 
 " I WAS this day, to my great furprize, 
 
 " acccfted by one of your fervants, who in- 
 
 " formed me, calling me by name, that the 
 
 " officers in general were furprized at having 
 
 " received no letter from me in particular. 
 
 *' I can only fay, that the privates in gene- 
 
 " ral were unwilling to deliver any letter 
 
 " from me, without feeing the contents. I 
 
 ''might complain of the manner they have 
 
 " behaved fome time fince their arrival 
 
 " here ; which has indeed been fuch, as 
 
 " me wed they were happy to have it in 
 
 " their power to infult any one who had 
 
 " been of a rank fuperior to themfelves with 
 
 " immunity. However, it is wrong to men- 
 
 " tion any thing of this kind, as I am at 
 
 " prefent in a fituation fo very difagreeable 
 
 '* in many refpedts, that any one thing is 
 
 " fcarce worth mentioning, even were it 
 
 " likely, on my complaints, to be reme-> 
 
 (t died. 
 
 " I arrived at Madras in January, 1781, 
 " in a ftyle fuperior to that of the reft of 
 
 " the
 
 60 MEMOIRS. OF THE 
 
 1781, '* trie cadets in general, having been two 
 " years an Enfign and Lieutenant in the 
 " militia, and of courfe being ufed to a very 
 " expeniive way of living, together with a 
 " carelefmefs for money, and lending to too 
 * ' many who had no profpect of being able 
 " to pay me. Notwithftanding this, I 
 " was largely fupplied by General Munro, 
 " to whom I was particularly recommend- 
 i( ed, and at whofe houfe I lived at Madras, 
 " as well as to Mr. Mawbrey, who was 
 " very much my friend, and two or three 
 " others. I foon fell into debt to fuch a 
 " degree, as obliged me to think of going 
 " to camp, or fbme where elle, in order to 
 " get out of the reach of the Mayor's 
 ' Court : for which purpofe I applied to 
 * the Governor, who told me, that as foon 
 " as a {hip failed for Cuddalore, where our 
 " army then lay, I might go. But as there 
 *' was danger in waiting fo long, I fet off 
 " for camp on horfeback, leaving directions 
 " with a boy, to fend my things as foon as 
 " poffible. I arrived fafe at Pondicherry, 
 " where, when at dinner at a French ta- 
 " yern, I was^made prifoner, and that even- 
 
 " ing
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 6f 
 
 * ( ing fent to Meer Saib's, one of Hyder's 1781. 
 *' Generals, camp, fmce killed. Nextmora- 
 " ing, after I arrived at Pondicherry, I was 
 " offered three hundred rupees per month, 
 " and again at Meer Saib's camp, if I would 
 <f take fervice, which I again and again re- 
 " fufed. I ftaid a fhort time in the camp 
 tc of Meer Saib, and was afterwards fent 
 *' under a guard of two havaldars and fix 
 *' Sepoys to Hyder's camp, then lying near 
 " Tanjore, commanded by Colonel Braith- 
 *'. waite. Two days after my arrival, I was 
 " taken before the Nabob, who afked me 
 " the ufual queftions ; to all which I pro- 
 *' feffed ignorance, allcdging, that my fhort 
 *' ftay at Madras, and my ftation, I having 
 " been appointed Enfign in the 2d battalion 
 " of 2d regiment, commanded by Major 
 " Hopkins, prevented my having any in- 
 *' fight into the- management of affairs at 
 " Madras. The next day we marched to 
 " Trichinopoly, where I underftood he was 
 " to lay for fome time. In a few days 
 " after, good God ! what was my furprize, 
 " to be fent for by the commandant of the 
 " battalion, with which I was confined, 
 
 " and
 
 62 MEMOIRS OF TKT 
 
 1781. " an ^ then informed it was Hyder's defirtfi 
 " that I mould embrace Mahomedanifm* 
 " I refufed, notwithstanding the moil: 
 " dreadful threats, and moft alluring pro- 
 " mifes, to confent to a thing fo much 
 " my abhorrence. The next day, my ufual 
 " allowance of rice was brought ; but on 
 " afking for the three pice, my daily pit-- 
 " tance, I was informed it was flopped, till 
 " I agreed to the propofal of yeflerday, of 
 " becoming a profelyte, I was a little 
 " mocked, but refolved to perfevere, till 
 " fome Belief or other fhould come. On 
 " the fecond day after this, I received no 
 " rice at all, nor the two 'next days. Be- 
 ** ing now almoft worn out, not having 
 " tailed any food, except a little rice which 
 " the Sepoys afforded, I with my tongue 
 " confented to a thing which my heart 
 " abhorred. On this I received my for- 
 " mer allowance, and what had been 
 " flopped the feveral days foregoing. I 
 " mortly afier marched to Seringapatam, 
 " in the moil horrid defpondence of 
 " mind. On my arrival here, I was 
 " queflioned with regard to my knowledge 
 
 " of
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 63 
 
 * e of the exercife, which I faid I knew no- 17$ i, 
 " thing of: but on the appearance of a 
 " chaubuc, or horfewhip, I foon went 
 *' through the manual to the fatisfadion of 
 " the two Myars. I was then questioned 
 *' with regard to my having confented to 
 " embrace their damned religion, which I 
 " denied. However, I was foon, from the 
 " fecond appearance of the chaubuc and the 
 (t recollection of former ufage, induced to 
 " fpeak my confent, though on my arri- 
 ** val at the boys you daily fee, and being 
 " afked if I would teach them your exer- 
 " cife, I refufed, faying, I had refufed to 
 " take fervice, or become a MuiTulman, 
 " and that I would rather do both, or even 
 " die, than teach others to fight againft my 
 " country, which in my idea was worle 
 <f than either. I was then removed to the 
 *' prifon where I now am, and found a 
 *' European of the name of Smith, of the 
 " 2d battalion, 2d regiment, in as miferable 
 " a fituation as any to which a man could be 
 " reduced by vermin, dirty cloaths, bed, &c. 
 <c The fecond night after my arrival, I was 
 " made a MufTulman ; about three months 
 
 " after
 
 64 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1781. " after my arrival, I was very much fur-* 
 " prifed one morning to fee a^fet of young 
 " men very cleanly drefied, brought for the 
 " fame dreadful operation of which I had 
 " lately recovered. That night they were 
 " circumcifed after the ufual doze of majurn 
 " had been adminiftered: what enfued with 
 " regard to them you have received from 
 " them before. I had forgot to mention, 
 '* that at firft the ufual allowance of mut- 
 " ton, ghee, &c. was very^ great, but that 
 " we had only three cam per day. However, 
 " on their arrival we had fix, and afterwards 
 " one gold fanam. 
 
 " I have done all in my power to prevail 
 " on them to refufe going to exercife. 
 " Though I was tied up twice to be flogged, 
 " I would not go on any account. The 
 " ufage from the privates towards me has 
 " been mod rafcally, which, together with 
 " other things, makes it my daily wifh to 
 " die, and has almoft tempted me more 
 " than once to lay violent hands on myfelf. 
 " I hope foon, however, and have very 
 '.' good reafon to expedt, that in a fhort time 
 
 " the
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 6 
 
 " the arrival of our army will at once put 1781 
 " an end to our confinement and Mahome- 
 " danifm. My having confeffed many things 
 " againft myfelf, which otherwife could 
 " never have appeared, is a fufficient proof 
 " that I fcorn to palliate any part of my 
 " offence or mifconduct by a lie. 
 
 " I am, my dear brother officers, if my 
 " folly has not forfeited my right to call 
 " you by fo dear a name, your affectionate 
 
 " fufferer, 
 
 * 
 
 " HENRY GEORGE JAMES JENNINGS CLARKE*" 
 
 Vifited by a head man, or man of cQnfe- 
 quence from the Durbar, who enquired 
 very affectionately after our health, and if . 
 we were in want of any thing. He took 
 his leave with great promifes of friendmip j 
 but he executed none. 
 
 Received a chit, or note, from Colonel 
 Baillie, offering us two hundred and fifty 
 gold fanams. 
 
 VOL. II. E Ths
 
 6 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1781. The cafh received from head quarters 
 (fo we called Colonel Baillie's prifon), 
 when each gentleman received ten fanams. 
 
 1782. Arrived prifoners, three Europeans, with 
 Jan. a num b er O f Carnatic children. 
 
 5* Fourteen Europeans taken out and cir- 
 
 cumcifed. 
 
 * A Circar Bramin vifited us, and in a very 
 
 peremptory manner ordered us to fall in ; 
 and we had reafon to fufpeft he came to 
 fingle fome of us out for his diabolical pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 iS. Serjeant Higgins, of Captain Powell's 
 
 battalion, voluntarily took fervice. This 
 he did with an intention, which he after- 
 wards found means of carrying into effccl, 
 to make his efcape to his wife, whom he 
 had lately married. 
 
 Received a letter from Enfigns Brunton and 
 Gordon, informing us, that they are threat- 
 ened by the Bramin with being made Muf- 
 
 fulmen,
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA, 67 
 
 fulmen, and that they intend fome of us 1782. 
 for the fame purpofe. 
 
 Enfigns Brunton and Gordon, with one Jan; 
 hundred foldiers, removed to Shittle-Droog; 2 * 
 the foldiers hand- cuffed, two and two. 
 
 Very much alarmed by the appearance of 37; 
 a Circar Bramin, who ordered the whole of 
 us to turn out. His orders being complied 
 with, he looked fledfaflly at fix of the flout- 
 efl, and then faid to a man who flood 
 near him, thefe fix will do. The fix were, 
 Captains Baird and Wragg; Lieutenants 
 Lindfey, Bowfer, Coke ; and Enfign Mac- 
 alifler. 
 
 Vifited by the Keeladar and Myar. i| Fefj 
 
 Purfa Rama, Colonel Baillie's boy, was 24.. 
 detected in carrying contraband goods to 
 his mafler 5 the boy was put in irons and 
 removed to the foldiers. 
 
 A European Muffulman put in the flocks, 
 and flopped naked, for fluking a caffre, 
 E * r
 
 3' MEMOIRS OFTHE 
 
 1782. or black man of the negroe or African 
 kind. 
 
 F | b> The European Muffulman releafed. 
 
 28. A number of Sepoys, who were taken 
 
 prifoners in a fally at Trichinopoly, and fent 
 here, have, on account of their cruel treat- 
 ment, taken fervice. The few who have 
 not confented, are chained two and two, 
 with the daily allowance of one fear of 
 baggee (a poor fmall grain), and three cam. 
 
 March Colonel Baillie, Captain Rumley, and 
 *'* Lieutenant Frazer's irons taken off. 
 
 18. A corps of Carnatic Haves, taken fmcc 
 
 the commencement of the war, and dif-, 
 ciplined by Serjeant Dempfter, with the 
 other European MufTulmen, marched to 
 join an army to be led againfi: Calicut, 
 where we had fome troops. 
 
 Abdiel Wuhab (Mahomed- Ally's bro- 
 ther) who was taken prifoner at Chitteput, 
 and fent prifoner here, allowed for himfelf 
 
 and
 
 LATE WAR INASIA. 69 
 
 and family, confirming of feventy perfons, 17^2. 
 one thoufand rupees per month ; his eldeft 
 fon remains at Arcot with Hyder. 
 
 Enfign Macauley fent his moe buckles 
 to the Keeladar, in order to obtain his leave 
 to difpofe of them, that he might raife a few 
 fanams. The buckles detained by the 
 Keeladar. 
 
 Arrived prifoners this evening a number March 
 of Europeans, and lodged in a veranda near 26 * 
 our prifon. Their number, rank, and the 
 place where they were taken, we have not 
 been able to learn. 
 
 Vifited by the Myar, who, after recon- 27. 
 noitring our prifon,. ordered the . cook-room 
 to be cleaned out, for the unfortunate people 
 who arrived yefterday. We hear the found 
 of the armourers employed in putting on 
 their irons. Various are our conjectures 
 where they have been taken. However, 
 we at prefent Hatter ourfelves that they may 
 only be the officers feparated from us in ' 
 Hyder's camp, and fent to Bangalore. 
 
 E 3 Two ,
 
 70. 
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. Tvvo of our fervants removed to Colonel 
 Baillie. A letter fent to the foldiers. 
 
 Abdiel Wahab fent us word, that Hyder 
 meant to. force Colonel Baillie, and the reft 
 of the officers, to enter into his fervice. 
 
 The prifoners that had been lodged in the 
 veranda were brought in here this evening : 
 Seventeen European officers, one furgeon, 
 and one black commandant. They are the 
 officers of Colonel Braithwaite's detach- 
 ment, and fell into the hands of Tippoo 
 Saib, in the Tanjore country, the i8th of 
 February, 1782, about forty miles from 
 Tanjore. During the time they were with 
 Tippoo Saib, he paid them every attention that 
 was neceffary. He not only furnimed them 
 with cloaths and money, but at the fame time 
 gave Uriel: orders to all his Keeladars to be 
 attentive to them during their march to 
 Hyder's camp, who was then lying at Con- 
 jeveram. But on their arrival at this place, 
 their money, and every ether little thing 
 they had, was taken from them ; and they 
 were told, that if they concealed the moft 
 
 trifling
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 trifling article, their nofe and ears would be 1782. 
 cut off. The next day, a few piah horfes 
 were provided for their journey -, but many 
 of them were obliged to v/alk the whole 
 way, with the daily allowance of fix or 
 feven fears of rice, with a little fait, 
 amongft the whole. Colonel Braithwaite 
 arid Enfign - Holmes remain in Hyder's 
 camp. We are informed that our army is 
 lying near Madras, for want of carriaee 
 bullocks, and thai; it was believed a French 
 fleet had parTed Pulicat. 
 
 Thefe circumftances aggravated the me- 
 lancholy gloom that had long hung over the 
 place of our confinement. 
 
 The following is a lift of th 
 
 killed and 
 
 wounded of Colonel Braithwaite's detach- 
 ment, taken by Tippoo Saib, on the i Sth of 
 February, 1782. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded 
 
 Colonel Braithwaite 
 Captain Judfon 
 Lieut. Lind . 
 
 Carry over 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 I 
 
 E 4 
 
 Lieut.
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 Names. 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Brought over 
 
 
 I 
 
 Lieut, Eaftland 
 
 
 
 Gillon 
 
 
 I 
 
 Sampfon 
 
 
 I 
 
 Cameron 
 
 
 I 
 
 Enfign Graham 
 
 
 I 
 
 Loy 
 
 
 I 
 
 Gahagan 
 
 
 
 Kennet 
 
 
 I 
 
 Macauley 
 
 
 
 Thewlis 
 
 
 I 
 
 Fenwick 
 
 
 
 Holmes 
 
 
 I 
 
 Hay wood 
 
 
 I 
 
 Stewart 
 
 I 
 
 
 Mr. White, furgeon 
 
 
 
 Lieut. Bowles 1 
 Latcliff ^ Tab ? b ' s 
 
 (Service 
 
 ClowmanJ 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 April Captain Baird's irons taken off, on ac 
 9- count of ficknefs. 
 
 Arrived prifoner, one European officer 
 but no further account. 
 
 Lieu-
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 73 
 
 Lieutenant Lind, at the point of death, is 1782. 
 allowed, with the utmoft difficulty, to have A P nl 
 his irons taken off. 
 
 Lieutenant Coke's irons were taken off, 12. 
 by the means of a bribe to the Verduvalla, 
 a military officer non-commiilioned, about 
 the rank of a ferjeant-major. 
 
 Lieutenant Lind died. 14. 
 
 The dead body of Lieutenant Lind, 15. 
 lamed to a bamboo, was carried out on the 
 moulders of three men. We all of us flood 
 around the body of our departed friend, 
 while Mr. Skardon read the funeral fer- 
 vice. ' 
 
 Vifited by the Myar, who enquired in a 
 moft preffing manner, if there were any car- * 
 penters or fmiths amongft us. We replied, 
 that we were all gentlemen, He did not 
 feem fatisfied with this anfwer ; but defired 
 the Commandant, Sid Ab rim, to make par- 
 ticular enquiry, and inform him the next 
 
 vifit
 
 y / MEMOIRS OF T H 
 
 i*-82. vi&t I IG mou ^ make, as the Keeladar meant 
 to take fome of us out. 
 
 May An order arrives from Hyder for our fer- 
 J 5* vants to difcontinue going to the Buzar. 
 Henceforth our guards are our market-men, 
 who cheat us moil Unmercifully. 
 
 31. Enfign Graham's irons taken off, on ac- 
 
 count of ficknefs. 
 
 June In honour of his Majefly's birth-day, we 
 have celebrated it with a pilaw, and drank 
 his health in merbet. 
 
 17. Vifited by the Myar. He enquired for 
 
 a cavalry officer of the name of Gaiest, who, 
 he faid, belonged to Colonel Baillie's de- 
 tachment. There was no fuch perfon. 
 
 19- Arrived prifoners, fourteen European 
 
 children, eight boys and fix girls. If is 
 reported that they were taken at Cudda- 
 lore. 
 
 22. Mr. Hope's irons taken off, on account 
 
 'of ficknefs. 
 
 Captain
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 75 
 
 Captain Lucas and Enlign Maconichy's 1782. 
 irons taken off, on account of ficknefs. J" ne 
 
 Lieutenant Gillon, and Enfigns Thew- 
 lis and Latcliffare put in irons. 
 
 Repeated applications have been made 29. 
 to the Keeladar for medicine, and for the 
 French Doctor to atterM thofe gentlemen 
 who are at prefent in a dangerous way : but 
 the cruel tyrant will neither order nor allow 
 the fmalleft aril fiance. Thofe who are 
 fortunate enough to enjoy a good ftate of 
 health attend the fick in the night. 
 
 At half paft eight, P. M. died Captain j ujy 
 Lucas, brother to the celebrated patriot of S 
 that name in England. The Captain's 
 death was bitterly lamented by the whole 
 prilbn. He was diftinguiihed by good na- 
 tural talents as well as acquired accompliih- 
 rnents. In his manners he was unafluming, 
 amiable, and engaging : and the cheerfulnefs 
 and vivacity of his temper, which were ex- 
 prefled in lively fongs and facetious fallies, 
 
 fcattered
 
 ^6 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 Scattered frequent rays of mirth on our 
 *7 82 * gloomy manfioru 
 
 July At three o'clock, A. M. died Mr, 
 Hope, a Cadet in the Company's fer- 
 vice. 
 
 *- About twelve, A. M. died Enfign Ma- 
 
 conichy. 
 
 As Mr. White, Colonel B raith waite's fur- 
 geon, was unacquainted with the fimples 
 and compofitions ufed as medicines in this 
 country, and was deprived of his own cheft 
 of medicines, the arrival of that gentleman 
 amongit us, (againft whole profeffional 
 abilities this ought not certainly to be confi- 
 ered, and is not intended, as any inlinua- 
 tion) in the character of a fellow-prifoner, 
 did not avail us. -We therefore continued 
 to be our own phyficians, and to ufe thofe 
 medicines with whofe powers feveral of 
 us had become acquained in the courfe of 
 a long refidence, in various ftations and iitu- 
 ations in India. The natives of this coun- 
 try, in which nature is very powerful and 
 
 luxuriant,
 
 LATE WARIN ASIA. JJ 
 
 luxuriant, and where maxims and obfer- 1782. 
 vations are accumulated and handed down 
 from generation to generation, from very re- 
 mote antiquity, are undoubtedly .acquainted 
 with many medicinal properties of herbs 
 and fruits, and other fimples, unknown to 
 European nations. It is generally known, 
 that the practice of inoculating for the fmall- 
 pox is common in all Afiatic countries. , 
 But there is an art in Kindoftan, not yet 
 known in Europe, by which the women 
 effectually prevent all traces of the fmall- 
 pox on the faces of their little ones. This 
 prefervative is compofed of a falve made of 
 certain Indian herbs, and a certain kind of 
 oil, which they apply the moment the pock 
 begins to blacken. It does not appear, that 
 any of the Company's furgeons have ever 
 enquired, or at leafl enquired with fucceis, 
 into the nature of this preparation. That 
 the Hindoos, however, know how to favc 
 their ikins from the ravages of the fmall- 
 pox, is a facl: which cannot be doubted- 
 On the fubjedl of Hindoo furgery and phy- 
 fic, another well-attefted facl may be men- 
 tioned, which is attended with the happieft 
 
 eiteds.
 
 yg MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. efFedts. When any perfon happens to re- 
 ceive a bruiie or wound in any part of his 
 body, by a fall or blow, or otherwife, thofe 
 who are neareft to him, prefently {trip off 
 the greater part of his cloaths, and, with 
 the palms of their hands, gently rub the 
 afflicted part, or if that is not to be touch- 
 ed, the parts neareft to it; and proceeding 
 from that fpot, rub over, with greater force, 
 the whole of the body. This good office 
 is generally performed by the women, who 
 are indeed the furgeons and phyficians of 
 this country, and who handle their patients 
 with all the eaiy addrefs of the mofl; experi- 
 enced member of the faculty in Europe. 
 
 It was from the natives of India, that the 
 Englim, at Madras, learned the qualities of the 
 junglicarandee, or what are commonly called 
 by our foldiers Jack Spratt's Nuts, three of 
 which will operate as an emetic, with very 
 falutary effects. Caffia, jaggeree, and tama- 
 rinds, were the Materla Medka of our ca- 
 thartics. Theie materials, with fome quick- 
 filver, which we formed into pills and oint- 
 ments, we were obliged to introduce by 
 
 Health,
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 7 
 
 ftealth, by means of handfome rewards to i*-8 
 individuals belonging to our guards ; for, 
 as has already been obferved, all medicines 
 were prohibited by the Keeladar, under the 
 feverefl threats. 
 
 Arrived prifoners, five hundred Carnatic July- 
 boys, in order to be made Haves, and to be l $* 
 entered into Hyder's flave battalions. We 
 hear the French have taken fome of our 
 fhips, and given up the prifoners to Hyder. 
 
 Arrived prifoners, two Europeans. 24, 
 
 Lieutenant Sampfon put in irons, 26, 
 
 A chit, or note, is received from Colonel 
 Baillie, requeuing fome mercurial pills, 
 He fays, they have not the fmalleft idea, 
 why their irons were taken off. The 'pills 
 fent. 
 
 Arrived prifoners, three European. offi- 30. 
 cers/ as alfo a mate of a country {hip. 
 
 One
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. O ne f our ffi cers ftruck by a centinel^ 
 Au S- for attempting to look out at the prifon 
 door. 
 
 13. Lieutenant Coke and Enfign Graham 
 
 put in irons. 
 
 Lieutenant Lindfey's irons taken off, on 
 account of ficknefs. 
 
 The French, we hear from every quar* 
 ter, have made over three hundred feamen, 
 and others, whom they had taken prifoners, 
 to Hyder ; and that the French Admiral re- 
 ceived from Hyder, on that account, fifty 
 thoufand rupees. This was publicly affirm- 
 ed at the Keeladar's Durbar; but it is 
 given merely as a report. 
 
 Sept. We are informed that Colonel Baillie is 
 in a dangerous way ; yet that Hie Keeladar 
 will not allow him a phyfician to attend 
 him, nor even affift him with medicines, 
 although many applications have been made 
 to him for that purpofe. 
 
 Arrived
 
 LATE WAR Itf ASIA. 8 I 
 
 Arrived prifoners, three hundred Carnatic I7 82 
 bos. 
 
 Ttte whole of us have offered one hun- o<a, 
 dred and twenty thoufand rupees for our en- J 3 ; 
 largement , and not to ferve againft Hyder 
 during the war. No anfwer, 
 
 Arrived prifoners, feveri Europeans. 18. 
 
 A letter taken charge of by one of our 26. 
 guard, to the foldiers prifon, with a promife, 
 if an anfwer is received by us, to give him 
 three pagodas. Subfcribed one fanam each 
 for that purpofe. 
 
 Arrived forty Europeans; part of thofe 30* 
 men that were given up by the French. 
 They have been circumcifed; 
 
 Arrived prifoners> eight hundred Garnatic 
 boys and girls. 
 
 A Sepoy has undertaken to carry a letter 
 to the circumcifed Europeans* 
 
 1 VOL. II, P Received
 
 g 2 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. Received the melancholy news of Colonel 
 Nov. Baillie's death. 
 
 This melancholy event excited painful 
 reflections on the uncertainty of proiperity 
 and of fame, both of which are greatly un- 
 der the controul of fortune. Colonel Bail- 
 lie pofieffed great vigour both of body and 
 mind, being of a middling ftature, well and . 
 firmly made, and animated on all occafions 
 with calm and fteady refolution. Before 
 the unfortunate day that configned him to 
 a confinement, from which he was deftined 
 never to efcape, he uniformly bore the 
 character of an officer enterprizing, brave, 
 and judicious. As his merit and rank had 
 rendered him an object of terror to the con- 
 queror before he fell into his hands, fo he' 
 became an object of barbarous refentment 
 afterwards, and was treated, accordingly, 
 with unufual and marked feverity. In the 
 enemy's camp, he was feparated from his 
 fellow prifoners, the Captains Rumley and 
 Frazer, and thrown into irons even on his 
 journey to Seringapatam from Arcot. On 
 his arrival on his way to the capital of 
 
 Hy4er,
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 83 
 
 Hyder,at Bangalore, five guns were fired in 1781. 
 order to affemble the people to mfult his 
 misfortunes. And during the whole courfe 
 of his illnefs, he received not the leaft com- 
 fort or affiftance from the advice of. any 
 phyfician. 
 
 Arrived prifoners, one European, with 
 three hundred Carnatic boys. 
 
 Received the following from Lieutenants 
 Speediman and Rutlidge. 
 
 " WE were yefterday agreeably furprifed 
 " by receiving a letter from you, which has 
 " been our conftaiat wim lince we have 
 " been here, and are extremely obliged to 
 " you for the trouble you undoubtedly muft 
 " have had in forwarding it, having made 
 " many attempts of that kind ourfelves, but 
 " never could fucceed but particularly for 
 " the concern you feel on our account, and 
 " the promifes you make us of reprefenting 
 " our iituation to thofe in whofe _ power 
 tf it will be to extricate us out of- this af- 
 " fliding fituation. 
 
 F 2 " You
 
 4 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. " You have requeued us to relate to you 
 '* the particulars of our ill fortune, and 
 " alib to anfwer fome queftions, which 
 " you have fet down, both of which we 
 " will readily comply with, as far as lies in 
 " our power. We are forry we cannot give 
 " you as fatisfactory an account as pro- 
 " bably you might expect, being wounded 
 "in January laft, and left in Vellore : but 
 " what news we fend is what we got 
 " from Enfign Byrne, who came up to 
 " Vellore in June, with one company of 
 " Sepoys, three -three-pounders, and a 
 " good many Poly gars, \vith provifions for 
 " the garrifon -, and we, being anxious to 
 " join the army, left Vellore to go back 
 " with him : but we had not quitted the 
 " place above eighteen hours, when Tippoo 
 " Saib's whole force came down upon us. 
 " We fought them for fome time : then 
 " the Poly gars left the Company's troops 
 " in a mob, with what intention God 
 " knows; but Tippoo's troops cut in among 
 " them. What efcaped the fword were 
 " madeprifoners. In this fituation, defert- 
 " ed by thofe people, moil of our Sepoys 
 
 " being
 
 LATE WAR -IN ASIA. 5 
 
 " being wounded, and our ammunition I7 8a, 
 " nearly expended, 'we hoifted a white 
 (t handkerchief for quarter, which they 
 " granted immediately, and we were made 
 " prifoners by a French officer. 'Byrne was 
 " made prifoner by a black Commandant. 
 " While we remained in Tippoo's camp, 
 " we were very well ufed; but when we 
 " arrived at his father's we had reafon to re-* 
 " pent the exchange, receiving only a mea- 
 " fure of rice and one pice a day. We how- 
 *' ever continued with him five days, the 
 " laft of which in the evening we were fent 
 " for by Hyder's Dewan, who ordered Mr. 
 " Byrne only in irons, but both of us to be 
 " put in with a parcel of fmall boys, along 
 " with whom we found Serjeant-major 
 " Groves, of Colonel Braithwaite's detach- 
 " ment. Next morning, about two o'clock, 
 " we marched for Seringapatam. After 
 " four or five day's march we were overta- 
 " ken by Byrne, and Lieutenant Crewitzer 
 " of the Cavalry, who, with a troop belong- 
 " ing to the grand guard near Arnee, were 
 " cut off, which is probably what has been 
 " reprefented to you as a regiment of ca- 
 F 3 " valry,
 
 5 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. *' valry, there having been no other accident 
 " of the kind. We were a good deal fur- 
 " prifed to find that Byrne and we were 
 " bound for different places ; but never 
 " gueffed their horrid intentions with re- 
 " gard to us, until our arrival at Seringapa- 
 tarn, when, inftead of being put amongft 
 " yoif, we were marched with the boys in- 
 " to a large fquiire building, about a mile 
 eaftward of the JFort, in the new village 
 <( of Gunjam Pett, where we found nine 
 " Europeans, and were rendered almoft 
 " fpeechlefs when^they told us, that they 
 *' were all made Mufiulmen againft their 
 " inclinations, and that it was moft pro- 
 " bable we fhould fhare the fame fate : 
 *' we now found ourfelves in a moft mifer- 
 " able fituation, as different parties, from 
 "the guard that was over us, were coming 
 " every hour of the day, fometimes making 
 " great promifes if we would confent to be 
 " circumcifed ; and, at others, with drawn 
 " fv/ords, chaubucks, and ropes ready to 
 " tie us; the barber in the rear ready to 
 " fhave our heads. This method they con- 
 " tinued feven or eight days ; but finding 
 
 " both
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 " both their threats and promifcs equally 178 
 " ineffectual, they took another method to 
 " make us confent, by feparating us, and 
 " allowing no one to fpeak to us. But 
 '* finding that this method had as little ef- 
 " fed: as the others, the Jemmidar took 
 " ccmpaifion on us, and wrote to Hyder in 
 " our behalf. During the time we waked 
 " for an anlwer, we imagined they had 
 *' dropt their infamous intentions, and daily 
 " expected to be fent to you. This inter- 
 " val of hope, however, proved to be but a 
 " dream, which was effectually broken on the 
 " 2yth of Augufl, by the appearance of ten 
 *' or twelve flout fellows, with chaubucks 
 " in their hands, and as many caffres with 
 " ropes to tie us with. They made no cere- 
 " mony, but feized, tied us, cut off our 
 " hair, and then walked away, like villains 
 <c that had been bred up to fuch bufmefs, 
 " and left us to lament our hard fate. 
 
 " The fame villains again made their ap- gent, 
 " pearance, feized and tied us as . befSre, x - 
 " and ftood over us while they obliged us 
 " to eat a fort of fluff called majum, which 
 F 4 " nearly
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. " nearly diverted us of our fenfes, and, 
 " in the fame evening, they accomplifhed 
 "their- vile defign. During the time we 
 " were with them, we would take nothing 
 " from them but rice, nor would we per- 
 " mit them to take off our irons, which 
 " they often offered to do, leaft they mould 
 " imagine that we were contented with our 
 " iituation. We receive a gold fanam a 
 " day, and are obliged to drill a number of 
 " boys fent from the Carnatic to be circum- 
 *' cifed, and kept in thefe fquares. Thank 
 " God, what they know will never do the 
 f e Company any harm. 
 
 Received the i8th 
 Nov. 1782. 
 
 (Signed.) 
 
 " JAMES SPEEDIMAN, 
 
 " RICHARD RUTLIDGE." 
 
 Received the following letter from Ser r 
 jeant Dcmpfter : 
 
 " Gentlemen, 
 
 " YOUR notes I received. Me/Trs. Speedi- 
 and Rutlidge have fo fully anfwer- 
 
 " ed
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 89 
 
 " ed your feveral queftions, concerning the 1782. 
 *' prefent war fubfifting between the ConiT- 
 ** pany and Hyder, that any thing that I 
 '* could add would be no more than mere 
 " repetition. Ifldon'tmiftake,however,they 
 " have omitted to make mention of any thing 
 " appertaining to a peace. Such a thing is 
 " not talked of; and from what I rjave coif 
 <f le&ed from a ferjeant who arrived here 
 f e a few days ago, who has fhared the fate 
 " common to the reft of us here, it feems, 
 " that things don't wear any tolerable com- 
 ' plexion, all owing to the arrival of the 
 " French." 
 
 Received the following lift of captives 
 from the midmipmen taken by Monfieur 
 Suffrein, and given up to Hyder-Ally- 
 Cawn : 
 
 " Hannibal, of 50 guns, February 14, 
 f< 1782. Meffrs. Lefage, Auftin, and Drake, 
 " midmipmen. 
 
 " The Chacer, of 18 guns, February 
 " 14. No officer here. 
 
 "The
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 90 
 
 1782. " The Rake transport, June 6, off the 
 " Cape, Mr. Wilkiiifon, midmipman. 
 
 i 
 
 " The Refolution, June 9, Mr. Hidde- 
 ** man, Mailer's mate. 
 
 " The Yarmouth and Fortitude, Corn- 
 * e pany's mips, June 27. No officer. 
 
 " The number of men belonging to all 
 " the mips here are forty-four, and officers 
 " belonging to the King's fervice, five. 
 " In February, the French fleet came on 
 " the coaft, confining of twelve fail of the 
 " line ; and tloe Engliih of nine. They 
 *' had an action the iyth of February, 
 " which lafted three hours and an half and 
 "on the 1 2th of April, the Englifh, of 
 " eleven fail, and the French of twelve, 
 "" engaged near Trincomally for five hours 
 *' and a half ^ the French much damaged : 
 " and, on the 28th of June, they engaged 
 " off Cuddalore, with the fame mips as be- 
 " fore, for two hours : one French fixty- 
 " four ilruck, but ihe was covered by her 
 " own mips ; another fixty-four difmafted. 
 
 "The
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. ^t 
 
 f The Englifh have drove the French oir" 1782, 
 f< the coaft. 
 
 " On the 3oth of June the French fent 
 f( all the prifoners afhore at Cuddalore, and 
 " delivered them into the hands of Hyder, 
 f( and marched us into Chillumbrum. 
 " The 1 2th of Auguft they marched us to 
 *' Bangalore ; on the 2oth of October they 
 " picked out all the youngeft of the men 
 " and officers, and marched us to Seringa- 
 " patam - y and, on the 7th of November, 
 * ( they fhaved our heads, and on the loth 
 ft they made us MulTulmen. Since we have 
 *' been here they have given us fome dun- 
 ** geree, or coarfe cloth, and mats to ileep 
 f on. 
 
 " The 7th of November the Myar came 
 <f to us juft before they fhaved our heads, 
 " and told us that we were never to be re- 
 ** leafed, but to be kept here, and to be as 
 " the Nabob's fons, which makes us very 
 '* unhappy, thinking we fhall never fee our 
 " native country any more ; but when you 
 " are exchanged, we hope that you will 
 
 " make
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 
 1782* " make our cafe known to our fellow-fub- 
 " jecls. We are all exceedingly forry to 
 " hear of Colonel Baillie's death. Mr. 
 " Auftin would be glad to hear from you, 
 (f if it is agreeable. We have here amongft 
 " the fufferers, 
 
 Meffrs. LESAGE, 
 
 WILKINSON, 
 
 AUSTIN, 
 
 DRAKE, 
 
 Midfhipmen. 
 
 Lieutenant Mafley and Do&or White's 
 irons taken off, on account of ficknefs. 
 
 Account of a treaty of peace being on 
 foot in the Carnatic, but on account of the 
 arrival of fome French troops, with the 
 King of France's pidhire (for Hyder), it .was 
 broken off. 
 
 Received the following journal from Ser- 
 jeant Dempfter, which had been fent to 
 him from fome of the unfortunate Euro- 
 peans, dated March 14, 1782. 
 
 " Aiiembled
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 93 
 
 " AiTcmbled at Seringapatam, under the 
 ( command of BufFadar Cawn, Jemmidar, 
 " who received tke chaylacks (Carnatic boys 
 " circumcifed and made flaves) from Seati- 
 " biejemmidar,befide the chaylack battalion, 
 " twelve hundred horfe, three battalions of 
 " Sepoys, with firelocks, of about five hun- 
 <c dred men, eight gunners, twelve Lafcars, 
 " four rocket-boys, one man with a bow 
 " and arrows, three thoufand feven hundred 
 " and feventy-five Polygars with ' pikes, 
 " match-locks, 5cc. : total, five thoufand, 
 '* and our artillery park, of four three 
 " pounders, iron. When our camp is pitch- 
 " ed, 'tis all of a clufter, about twenty 
 <( tents, an old marqui, and one thoufand 
 " huts. 
 
 " Agreeably to Seatibie's orders, our vic-t 
 ft tuals was cooked with the Commandant's 
 ** and Subadar's, However, they foon fhook. 
 " off that incumbrance, and put us on 
 " the footing of the flave boys. This even- 
 ** ing they had taken the currey pot away, 
 " and we had been waiting for it a confider- 
 " able time : but they not ferving them- 
 
 felves,
 
 0,, M E M O I R S OF i* H 
 
 1782. " felves, Green and Woodley feized it, and 
 " ran off with it, and we ferved ourfelves, to 
 " the great mortification of the Comman* 
 " dant, Subadars, and Myars, who fwore 
 " they would be revenged on all the ferin- 
 ft gees next day. 
 
 "15. Marched to Myfore; the old 
 " mandant, agreeably to his vow of revenge 
 " of yefterday, orders the flave-boys rice to 
 " be cooked for us : but we all refufed it, 
 " Higgins excepted. The Commandant 
 " went to the Jemmidar and informed him that 
 " we had been drinking arrack: whereupon 
 " we were made prifoners, two and two, 
 lf and put under centinels of an out batta-* 
 " lion, our fwords being taken from us. 
 " About midnight they fent us fome good 
 <e rice. The next day they releafed us, and 
 " gave us back our fwords. An order iffued 
 " to deter us from buying arrack and 
 " toddy. 
 
 "17. Arrived at a fort where we receiv- 
 " eda reinforcement. of one thoufand Poly- 
 
 " gars
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 gars from Shittle-Droog: halted three 
 days and left two guns behind us. 
 
 " 22. Entered into very thick woods. 
 " After marching eight miles within the 
 ** woods, the Poly gars in front were furpri- 
 " fed by about eighty of the enemy, the 
 " Niars, by the Moors called Nimars, a fet 
 " of people formerly fubdued by Hyder, 
 " but now in a ftate of rebellion : of this 
 " caft is our Commandant and two of our 
 " Subadars. They difcharged a few .match- 
 ** locks and arrows at the Polygars, who 
 tf came running back with their ufual bra- 
 " very. However, they were beat back 
 " again to the attack with large bamboos 
 " and clubs, by the Verdu valla belonging to 
 *' the chaylacks. On this a fmall fkirmilli 
 tf enfued ; and as the chaylacks advanced, 
 *' the Englifh drum beat, which caufed the 
 " enemy to retreat to the woods. Seven of 
 " the enemy were taken, one of whom was 
 *' hanged on a tree, and ten killed. Halt- 
 " ed at this place two days. ,. t \^ t
 
 6 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. " 2 5* Marched near twelve miles, and 
 " came upon about three hundred of the 
 " enemy 5 a fkirmifli of about a quarter of 
 * e an hour happened, in which five of them 
 " were killed and four taken. We had three 
 " killed and wounded. The enemy fet off 
 tc to the woods. 
 
 " 26. In our march took three Niars, 
 " who gave information of the enemy being 
 " potted in a large village to the right. 
 " Upon our arrival there, we found that the 
 " enemy had fled. An alarm happened 
 tf here about midnight : it was a falfe one : 
 " however, our troops were very much. 
 *' frightened. 
 
 " 27. The Niars taken yefterday were 
 " hanged. 
 
 f ' The Europeans were put under centinels 
 *' to their companies, on which account we 
 " refufed doing duty, and gave up our 
 " fwords -, for which Higgins was bound 
 " with his hands behind him all day. 
 *' Smith, Innwood, and Clements, beat with 
 
 *' rattans,
 
 LAT-E WAR' IN ASIA. 97 
 
 ** rattans, and in the evening after we en- 17 8 2* 
 " camped, we were all tied in one rope, and 
 " ordered to be beat : however, we received 
 ** our fwords and were releafed. 
 
 " 28. Arrived at a fmall mud fort in 
 " which were three hundred of the enemy. 
 " They fired a few ginjauls, a long kind of 
 " guns made of bar iron bound by hoops, 
 " of which they had twenty, at our mob : 
 " and early in the morning they quitted the 
 " fort and efcaped. At day-light our peo- 
 " pie entered it : halted here twenty days : 
 " parties fent out daily, and brought in 
 " prifoners, fome of whom were hanged, 
 " others difcharged after paying a fine of 
 " their nofes, ears, or left hands. 
 
 " April 4. About five hundred of the 
 " enemy in fight. The troops being formed 
 " for battle, and the enemy amongft the 
 <* bumes in front, they fired at them from 
 '* the three-pounders, and afterwards advan- 
 " ced, and platooned with fmall arms. The 
 " enemy fired pretty warmly feveral times, 
 (e but being clofe purfued by our mob, they 
 
 Vol. II. G ' made
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. " raade C ^ to l ^ e w d s ; w man y werc 
 
 " killed of them is unknown. Nine heads 
 " brought in to the Jemmidars. Thus 
 " ended the affair with the Niars for this 
 " time. 
 
 " April 1 8. We marched out of this 
 " woody country, and, on the twenty-firft, 
 " arrived at a fort called Goondull. - 
 " N. B. Greens, an old Subadar,wasconvicl> 
 " ed before the Jemmidar of endeavouring to 
 " perfuade the chaylacks to leave the guns, 
 " and go to the Niars, being one himfelf ; 
 " he vvas tied to a pod, and reduced to a 
 " private Sepoy, but is excufed all duty 
 " by his brodier Niar the old Comman- 
 " dant. 
 
 "23. Arrived at the fort we had left on 
 " the twenty-third of March. The Jem- 
 " midar ordered a Sepoy to be beat in a 
 " barbarous manner by four men with large 
 "bamboos, and then to be draggQ round 
 " the camp, on his belly, by fix men, for 
 " cutting his wife with his fword in two or 
 " three places. 
 
 . 24.
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 99 
 
 " 24. Arrived at a fort called Perripatam, 1782* 
 *' and halted five days * 
 
 " May i. Marched to a village called 
 *' Citty Pore, near which was the ruins of 
 " a fmall fdrt, which had been poUcHed by 
 <e the Corakees, a fet of people formerly 
 " fubdued, but who had afterwards rebelled* 
 " deftroyed the fort and fled. The country 
 " here is woody, and the Niar country dif- 
 " tant from Perripatam twenty miles* 
 
 " 2. Arrived on a plain, where a Cora- 
 ft kee Rajah joined our mob, with three 
 *' hundred of his men, armed with match- 
 * c locks and broad knives : proceeded on till 
 " we came to a fmall fort built with large 
 tf timber, in which were two hundred and 
 " fifty Corakees : fome of our troops were 
 *' detached with three companies of chay- 
 " lacks to fire mufquetry at it under cover of 
 " a high bank, which was not of the leaii 
 <f fervicej the other chaylack company ftaid 
 '* in the rear for a body guard to the Com- 
 " mandein chief. The enemy behaved ob- 
 *' ftinately and refolutely. Although they had 
 G 2 " no
 
 I00 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. " no guns, they fired very 'hot from their 
 " ginjauls and match-locks, of which our 
 " three-pound balls fcarcely pierced the tim- 
 " her. At night we drew off to encamp, after 
 " firing about eight thoufandmufquet balls. 
 " During the night the enemy left the fort, 
 " and did not lofe a man in their retreat, 
 " and at ten o'clock in the morning, the 
 " place was entered by the four companies 
 "of Sepoys . Thus ended the Corakee affair 
 " at prefent. Within fixteen miles of this 
 " fort, are near twenty Corakees hanging 
 " on trees for their late infurreclion. The 
 " Carokee Rajah and his men fent to Citty 
 " Pore to fettle there, for their loyalty. 
 " This is the moft cowardly mob that was 
 " ever known, from the Commander in 
 " chief to the wild Polygars : on the line of 
 " march we were like a flock of fheep. 
 
 " 6. Arrived at a ftone fort called Mar- 
 " carry, where feveral Bramins had been de- 
 " frauding the troops, who made their com- 
 " plaint to thejemmidar, who ordered a cock 
 " of a firelock to be fixed upon their ears, 
 " and made tlieai fland upon one foot, till 
 
 " they
 
 " 
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. IOI 
 
 e they agreed to make good the damage fuf- 17 g 2 . 
 tained by the troops of the town, through 
 their villainy. At this place, are feven 
 companies of Sepoys with mufquets, 
 lately came from Nag-ram, and a Portu- 
 gueze captain who commands thirty 
 " mufteer artillery men. Halted here eight 
 " days. The monfoons and rainy feafon 
 " fetting in. The mcb ordered to canton 
 " at Perripatam till orders from the Nabob, 
 " where a flabula -was to be built for the 
 " chaylack battalion; what will be the 
 " next exploit God knows, but neither 
 " Niars nor Corakees are fettled yet. After 
 " fleering all points of the compafs, we are 
 <{ about forty miles from you : this is a 
 " moft plentiful country. 
 
 " Auguft 21. Intelligence came to the 
 " Jemmidar that a large body of the Co- 
 " rakees were afTembling near Marcarry : 
 " three thoufand Polygars were detached 
 " from Perripatam cantonement, and three 
 " hundred Sepoys from Marcarry ; they 
 " came up with the enemy near a large 
 " river; they fkirmimed for above three 
 G 3 " quarters
 
 102 
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. " quarters of an hour, when the Corakeea 
 " charged the Polygars. The whole of our 
 *' party were defeated: only fifty Sepoys ef- 
 " caped. 
 
 " Sept. 23. A harcarrah came with in- 
 ft telligence, that the Corakees had made an 
 f< attempt upon Citty Pore, with an inten- 
 " tion of putting to death the Rajah an4 
 " his men. The Jemmidar marched with 
 " his mob of about four thoufand cow- 
 " ards, to Sickle Boor, fix miles, and en- 
 (( camped. 
 
 " 27 and 28. Continually ikirmifhed 
 " by the enemy, who often furprized our 
 <f mob by fpringing out of the jungle or 
 <( wood. In the evening of the twenty- 
 * eight arrived at Citty Pore j relieved the 
 '* fort by leaving two hundred and fifty Se- 
 " poys in the room of the Rajah and his 
 " men received in camp ; our lofs before we 
 " arrived here thirty men. 
 
 "29. Marched from hence; on our way 
 " back fkirmimedj loll fourteen men and 
 
 " encamped
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 103 
 
 ** encamped at Sickle Boor that evening: 1782. 
 " all but fifty of the men belonging to the 
 " Corakee Rajah deferted us. 
 
 "30. In the evening, the enemy very 
 " nearourcamp. The Jemmidar ordered the 
 " mufic belonging to the match-locks, the 
 " infantry drums, and cavalry trumpets, to 
 " be beat and founded all round the camp 
 " every gurry (twenty-three minutes) du- 
 " ring the night, in order to frighten away 
 " the enemy. 
 
 " 061. i. Marched about ten miles, and 
 " found the roads flopped with large trees 
 " laid acrofsj during the time tke labourers 
 " were clearing them away, the enemy 
 " fired very hot, both fides of the road, and 
 " put our negroes to the rout, and took all 
 " our buzar and baggage. Several fkir- 
 " miflies happened on our way to Citty 
 " Pore, in which we had one European, 
 " upwards of one hundred blacks, killed ; 
 ft and three Europeans lixty blacks wound- 
 " ed. In great confufion we arrived at 
 " Citty Pore that evening, where we re- 
 04 '* maiiied
 
 j 04 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1-82. *' maine4 five days; during which time 
 " a treaty of peace was concluded be- 
 " tween the Jemmidar and the Corakee 
 (t prince. 
 
 " Sept. 8. Our mob was efcorted by three 
 " thoufand fix hundred Corakees on each 
 " flank within five miles of Perripatam : it 
 " was unadoubtedly great folly of the 
 " Corakee Prince to let us come off fo 
 " eafiry, as they muft have cut us off en- 
 " tirely. 
 
 " The fort of Citty Pore was given over 
 " to them, as well as all other pretention* 
 f to their country. 
 
 " On the eighteenth "of October two 
 " thoufand men joined us from Seringapa- 
 " tarn." 
 
 Here ends the Journal tranfmitted to us 
 by Serjeant Dempfler. 
 
 The
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. lOj- 
 
 The following was fent from Eentall 1783. 
 Woodley to Serjeant Dempfter. 
 
 ft Dear D. 
 
 " I allure you our fituation is very bad, 
 tl much worfe than yours. The old Com- 
 ft mandant draws live pagodas per month ; 
 ft but our pay and the Subadar's is only one 
 " fanam a day, which changes only for 
 " eight pice and three cam. The Verdu- 
 " valla ferjeant draws three-fourths of a fa- 
 tf nam a-day, the Verdu valla corporal one 
 " pice, one calh, the Havalckr half a fanam, a 
 " Sepoy one fourth of a fanam per day, and 
 " the provilions that are cooked for the Eu- 
 " ropeans and boys are all on an equality. 
 " The Commandant and Subadars eat (like 
 " gentlemen) by themfelves ; but we like 
 " flaves, have rice, boiled twice a-day in a 
 " dirty poifonous manner, with a little cu'r- 
 " ry made with doll only. Five fear of 
 tf ghee per day for five hundred men. We 
 " have not had ^ny meat but twice thefe 
 " two months paft, on which account it 
 " coils us all our eight dubs and three cam 
 " per day for victuals. We are treated ill 
 " by the old Commandant, who has full 
 
 " com-
 
 J06 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 i~82. " command of the battalion; for we have 
 " no command, only at exercife. The Jem- 
 " midar, commander in chief, who hates all 
 " Europeans, anfwers all our complaints 
 " with jow, jow! (go, go !) 
 
 " Mackinnon, being wounded at the Co- 
 " rakee fort through the arm with a rnufket 
 " ball by one of our own mob, the Jemmi- 
 " dar made him a prefent of a red turban 
 * and a fet of gold beads, value ten pago- 
 " das : all the boys that were wounded re- 
 " ceived a prefent of filver bangles to wear 
 *' on their wrifts, value twenty-fix rupees. 
 *' On die 25th of June, Smithey, Green, 
 " Clements, Anderfon,Wyllies, Mackenzie, 
 " and your humble fervant, endeavoured to 
 " venture towards Calicut, with a determi- 
 *' nation to extricate ourfelves out of Hy- 
 " der's-fervice. After walking by the light 
 "of the moon near fix cofs, through the 
 " thickeft woods, we were furprized by wild 
 " elephants and tygers, and by accident loil 
 ?' our bread, which determined us to 
 ' turn back again, which we accordingly 
 f ' did ; aad it feems Higgins, being afraid 
 
 " he
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 1 07 
 
 ^ he fhould be brought into trouble, re- 1782. 
 " ported us gone to Seringapatam, to com- 
 " plain of the Jemmidar's ufage. The 
 fs horfe being fent out after us, met us about 
 ff five miles from the can tenement, and 
 " brought us to the Jemmidar. We faid, 
 " by way of excufe, that we had been out 
 " a- mooting, having a carabine and two 
 " piftols with us : we were flripped and all 
 " tied in one rope: an hundred of the flout- 
 " efl of our own battalion received each a 
 " twig of a tamarind tree and ferved us out 
 11 a lafh each : we had no centinels over us 
 " before we began this adventure, but now 
 (f we are clofely guarded, 
 
 (Signed) 
 " BENTALL WOODLEY." 
 
 Tippoo Saib and Lally on their march to Nov.z. 
 the Malabar coaft. 
 
 Arrived prifoners, two Europeans with 
 fifty Carnatic boys. 
 
 f- 
 
 Recived
 
 I2 ' 
 
 IDS MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 17 &2. Received a letter from the foldiers, and 
 ?c V " S ave ^ ie S e P ov w h brought it hve fa- 
 nams. 
 
 Dec. Forty-feven feamen, who were given 
 u " up to Hyder by SurTrein, appeared this 
 morning on the parade oppofite to our 
 prifon, and have been circumcifed fince 
 their arrival here : they were in the Ma- 
 homedan drefs, white turbans, white li- 
 nen jackets and long drawers $ lixteen of 
 thefe unfortunate victims could not be 
 above twelve or thirteen years of age. 
 
 A European Muflulrnan in irons. 
 Arrived prifoner, one European. 
 
 Dec. The European Muffulman who was put 
 in irons yefterday, is this evening attend- 
 ing the drill in irons, 
 
 Received accounts of Hyder's death, and 
 that his corpfe was carried to Collard. 
 
 He
 
 LATE WAR I,N ASIA. 109 
 
 He died of an ulcer in his back, which 1782, 
 had afflicted him for feven years. 
 
 Copy of a letter fent to Serjeant Demp- 
 fter. 
 
 " The gentlemen confined in this prifon, 
 " return you their fincere thanks for your 
 <( attention to their laft requeft, and allure 
 tc you, that mould it ever hereafter be in their 
 " power to be of fervice to you, they {hall 
 " not be unmindful of the favours they have 
 " received from you in their prefent unfortu- 
 " nate lituation. Your readinefsto oblige us 
 <( inthelaftinftance, leads us to make another 
 " requeft to you of the moft ferious confe- 
 " quence to us, and which we think can 
 " be attended with no danger to you, or 
 " detriment to the fervice you are unluckily 
 " fallen into. It is to forward to fome Eng- 
 " lifh or neutral fettlement, on either coaft, 
 " a fmall letter which we mall entruft to 
 " you open, and which v/ill only contain a 
 " ftate of the prifon and the names of thofe 
 " at prefent living, with a requeft of tranf- 
 " mitting the fame to Madras. To you, 
 
 " who
 
 1JO MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. " wno know the length of time we have: 
 " been fhut up from all communication 
 " with our friends, we need not point out 
 " the advantages we may derive, and the 
 " fatisfaftion they muft feel, from receiving 
 S fome account of us ; or, on the other 
 " hand, the many fatal events that may 
 " take place from a fuppofition of our death. 
 " Though an opportunity to comply with 
 " this propofal may not at prefent offer, yet 
 " you may keep the letter by you, and, 
 " from the many detachments and efcorts 
 " that leave this place, one muil occur in 
 " courfe of time. 
 
 *' We could therefore wifli (if you come 
 " into our plan) to fend you our letter by 
 " the hand that conveys this. Whatever 
 " reward you may think necefTary, we will 
 " engage to have paid at Madras, or other 
 " of our forts, and think we can promife 
 " the fame, mould the letter be delivered at 
 " a neutral fettlement; we requeft therefore 
 " that you will be fo kind as to deliver the 
 " accompanying letter to MelTrs. Speediman 
 
 " and
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. Ill 
 
 ** and Rutlidge, and thank you for the per- 1782 
 *' ufal of Woodley's Journal. 
 
 " If you have any communication with 
 " Monf. Fortune, the French furgeon, we 
 " requeft that you will endeavour to fend us 
 " a few dozens of Tartar Emetic,- and a lilt 
 " of country medicines, to be purchafed in 
 " the Buzar. When you wifh to anfwer 
 " this, or at any other time to write to us, 
 " let the ngnal be, the putting a handker- 
 " chief over your turban, whilil at drill on 
 " the parade. 
 
 Tippoo and Lally on their return to D 
 the Carnatic, in confequence of Hyder's 
 death. 
 
 Arrived a new Keeladar (Nabbee Cawn) 21, 
 with one battalion of Sepoys, muttered by 
 the head Myar and an Arab. 
 
 Muflered by a Circar Bramin, who took 27. 
 our names, with corps, and rank of each. 
 
 Received
 
 112 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. Received the following letter from Cap- 
 tain Rumley and Lieutenant Frazer. 
 
 " The poor Colonel (meaning Baillie) 
 " had been ill for fome months before he 1 
 " died, and, I think would have recovered, 
 " if he had had any affiftance, but the 
 " cruel rafcals would not admit of Doctor 
 " White or the Frenchman coming near 
 " him, although they faw his fufterings were 
 " beyond description : we got a fort of coffin 
 " made for him, and fome Sepoys, Peons, 
 " and a European attended his funeral. We 
 <e are befet by eleven guards, ten golaks, one 
 " Commandant, Subadar, Myar, and Ver- 
 " duvalla, and allowed a quarter of damna- 
 " ble goat, a meafure and half of rice, a 
 " little milk, three loaves of bread each, 
 <e about the fize of a fix pound mot, fome 
 " ghee, curry ftuff, wood, and fix cam per 
 " day between us. They will not let us- 
 " have a knife to cut a bit of cloth, nor the 
 " fight of a book ; fo you fee \ve are pret-- 
 " tily fituated." 
 
 Hyder's
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. Ilj 
 
 Hyder's death made public at the Cut- iy 3 2* 
 cheree, and the naggars (large drums beat 
 every day at twelve in the great fquare) or- 
 dered to difcontinue beating for three days, 
 on account of that event. 
 
 Received the following letter from Ser- 
 jeant Dempfter : a fubfcription of two dubs 
 each, to requite the Sepoy who brought it. 
 
 " Gentlemen, 
 
 " YOUR note of the I5th December I 
 " received : the mort but real picture of 
 " your very unfortunate fituation has made 
 " me melt into tears of fympathy, that 
 " our name and our' country mould thus 
 " be the fport of barbarians - y and be- 
 " lieve me, gentlemen, that there is no- 
 " thing within the verge of my power 
 " that could alleviate in the fmallefl de- 
 " gree your prefent fufFerings, in the great 
 " anxiety you mufl be in to hear fome 
 " folacing account after fo long an interval 
 " of fufpence and confinement, that would 
 " not moil readily be embraced. I am ex- 
 " ceedingly forry that it is not at preient in 
 H "my
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. " m y p wer to g ye y u an y r 
 
 " factory account. The grand news is as 
 " follows : That on the 2 9th of November 
 " departed this life Hyder-Ally-Cawn : he 
 **' is fucceeded by his eldeft fon Tippoo Saib, 
 " who bears a very good character indeed ; 
 tc he is now at. the grand camp near Vel- 
 " lore. In confecuence of the above, about 
 " fifteen days ago arrived here a new Keela- 
 " dar : he ads conjunclly with the old one, 
 "as very a villain as exifts. 
 
 " I could gather no more from the fer- 
 " jeant, than that He was taken feme months 
 " ago near Trincomally with two hundred 
 **. Sepoys. No jund:ure of time fo barren 
 " of news as the prefent, chiefly owing to 
 *' the death of Hyder : every one's mouth 
 " is full of it. You do me a great deal of 
 " honour in confiding a trull in me to for- 
 " ward your letter to the Carnatic, and be 
 " fully affured that no means or opportunity 
 " mall be omitted. I fmcerely thank you 
 " for your favour, and promife of protection 
 " hereafter. I never intend to avail myfejf 
 " of it, as the title of Deferter is almoft in- 
 
 " fupportablc
 
 LATE WAR IN. ASIA; 
 
 ks fupportable to anyone tinclured with the 1782* 
 " fmallefl atom of fpirit. From the moil 
 " robuil as well as healthy conflitution, I 
 ".am totally changed into a habit that daily 
 " tells me my flay mall not be long. Then 
 " be expeditious in fending your letter. 
 " This revolution offers a field for much 
 ** news. Tokens as ufual. Sorry I am that 
 *' I can't add any thing elfe. This I have 
 <( writ only with the light of the fire; other- 
 " wife the feeing me occupied with pen and 
 " ink would fubjecl: me to be examined.- 
 " As this town is now full of fpies, poor Mr. 
 f Clarke has been fent to camp about two 
 < months ago, to fill the place of a Corpo- 
 " ral Anderfon of the 73d regiment killed. 
 
 " I moved the matter to Monf. Fortune^ 
 " (French furgeon) concerning medicines, 
 ff but he can give you no affiflance at pre- 
 ** fent ; he fays, when the hurry of this 
 " crifis is over he will be alii fling. I had 
 " by me a fmall atom of Tartar Emetic, 
 " which I fend per bearer. Give me leave 
 " once more, gentlem'en, to make you a 
 *' tender of my ferviees, and to requefl that 
 H 2 " yoa
 
 jl6 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 J7 g - < you -will confide in me as in one who feels 
 " fenfibly for your fufferings." 
 
 The following letter fent to Serjeant 
 Dempfter, in order that he may forward it. 
 (From the Englifh officers confined in Se- 
 ringapatam.) 
 
 " To the Governor or Commanding Officer 
 " of any Englim fettlement. 
 
 " s i R, 
 
 " AFTER a tedious and melancholy fe- 
 " clufion from our friends and the world, 
 " we have at length a profpecl: of tranfmit- 
 '* ting fome account of ourfelves to thofe 
 " who mufl but too ienfibly feel for our 
 " lituation, and be truly anxious for our 
 " lives and health. 
 
 (t We do not know at which of our fet- 
 " tlements this letter will firft arrive, but 
 " requeft that the fum of one hundred pa- 
 " godas be inftantly paid on our account to 
 " the perfon who fhall deliver it ; and that 
 " it be tranfmitted with all convenient fpeed 
 
 " to
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. II 
 
 " to the Governor of Fort St. George' and 1783. 
 " the Commander in chief. We are all in 
 *' good health, and, confidering the nature 
 " and length of our confinement, in tolera- 
 " ble fpirits ; a gold fanam per day is our 
 " fole allowance for fubfiftence and every 
 " neceffary of life. 
 
 " We imagine, from, the humanity Tip- 
 " poo Saib has generally mewn to Euro- 
 " peans, that if our confinement be likely 
 " to continue much longer, an application 
 " to him for an increafe of allowance, and 
 f< ftriking off our irons, might not be with- 
 " out efFedt. We mould wiih, at the fame 
 " time, to be allowed medicines, and the at- 
 " tendance of the French furgeon, both of 
 " which have been for many months denied 
 '* us ; to which and our clofe confinement 
 " we muft chiefly attribute the death of 
 " thofe we have already loft. 
 
 " Colonel Baillie died on the i^th No- 
 " vcmber laft. He, Captain Rumley, and 
 *' Lieutenant Frazer, were confined in a 
 '* Choultry by themfelves, and were taken 
 H 3 " out
 
 f j 5 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1783. " out of irons in March laft; the two lat- 
 " ter are well, but frill kept feparate 
 " us. Lieutenant Lind died here the 
 " of April; Captain Lucas July 5th; Mr. 
 " Hope,' cadet, the yth ; and Lieutenant 
 ?' Maconichy the 9th of the fame month. 
 
 " We earneftly requefl the Governor and 
 ft Commander in chief to order copies of 
 " this letter to be fent to the feveral fubor- 
 " dinate fettlements and garrilbns on the 
 " Coromandel coafl, as alfo by the firft 
 * f mips to Europe, with directions for its 
 " being publifhed in the London News- 
 <f papers. We hope it is needlefs to enforce 
 " this requefk, by pointing out the many 
 '* domefcic anxieties that muft arife from a 
 " total ignorance of our fate, and the me- 
 " lancholy eifed: that may be prevented by 
 " a knowledge of it. 
 
 " We beg leave to mention Lieutenant 
 " Gordon of Colonel Baillie's detachment, 
 ^ and Mr. Brunton taken at Pondicherry, 
 " who are confined with the foldiers by one 
 ^ of the many unaccountable a<5ts of this 
 
 " govern-
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 119 
 
 " government, though repeatedly afiuredof 1783. 
 " their being officers. We have heard that 
 " Mr. M'Neale, mate of a country fhip, 
 " and Mr. Wilfon, an officer of the Com- 
 " pany's cruizer Yarmouth, are aUb con- 
 ({ fined in the foldier's prifon. 
 
 " Sid Abram, commandant of the Tan- 
 " jore cavalry, is confined with us, and well 
 * f merits the Honourable Company's re- 
 " membrance in the article for the return 
 fl of prifoners. There is alfo a fervant of 
 " one of the officers here, which makes the 
 " number of Europeans in this prifon a- 
 <( mount to thirty-eight. 
 
 " P. S. From the death of Hyder, and 
 *' the very different conduct: of his fon to 
 " fuch Europeans as have fallen into his 
 " hands, we are induced to hope Something 
 " might be effeded for the relief of fuch 
 " officers and men as have been circumcifed 
 (c and forced into the fervice of Hyder Ally, 
 '* though even a peace may be a more dif- 
 " tant event than his death gives us reafon 
 " to hope. We therefore embrace this op- 
 H 4 *' pori unity-
 
 " 
 
 tc 
 
 j 20 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 I 7 8 3- " portunity of informing the government of 
 " Fort St. George, that they who have fuf- 
 " fered that misfortune, at this place, are as 
 follows : 'viz. Lieutenants Speediman and 
 Rutlidge ; Enfign H. G. J. Jennifigs 
 Clarke; Meff. Lefage, Auftin, Wilkjn- 
 fon, Drake, and Heideman, midlhipmen 
 belonging to his Majefty's navy; eleven 
 non-commiffioned and privates of the j^d 
 regiment - y forty-four feamen, King's and 
 *' Company's; and about forty non-com- 
 " miffioned and privates of the Company's 
 troops." 
 
 Jan. The Keeladar of Nagram, Jad Bhie, has 
 revolted and gone over to General Ma- 
 thews. 
 
 Raifed by public fubfcription forty gold 
 fanams, which we have fent to Captain 
 Rumley and Lieutenapt Frazer. 
 
 Tippoo Saib was in the Calicut country 
 at the time his father died, and immediately 
 on his hearing the news, he ordered a new 
 JCeeladar here, with one battalion of Sepoys, 
 
 and
 
 LATE WAR LN ASIA. 
 
 and proceeded himfelf (with Lally) to take 1783. 
 charge of the army in the Carnatic. It 
 was twenty-feven days from the time of his 
 father's death until the time he took charge 
 of the army, and every thing went on as 
 finooth as before. 
 
 The whole of us turned out to fatisfy the 
 iriofity of a 
 confequence. 
 
 curiofity of a vifitor ; a black man of fome 
 
 Two Europeans and five Subadars, who 23, 
 were taken in the Tanjore country, have 
 been obliged to carry mud, in order to force 
 them to take fervice. 
 
 Arrived Colonel Braithwaite and Enfign 25. 
 Holmes, not in irons. Arrived at the fame 
 time Captain Leech : he is confined in a dif- 
 ferent prifon, with the daily allowance of fix 
 cam, and one fear of rice. 
 
 Arrived prifoners two hundred and fifty j f . 
 farnatic childern. 
 
 The
 
 122 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1733. The Verduvalla, at our requeft, waited on 
 Feb. 5. the Keeladar, to acquaint him that we 
 wifhed to fee him, or fome head perfon, in 
 order to lay before him our miferable fixa- 
 tion, being in want of medicines and nearly 
 two years in irons. 
 
 t. Vifited by the fecond Myar, who order- 
 
 ed Lieutenant Sampfon's irons to be taken 
 off, on account of his indifpofition. 
 
 Lieutenants Lindfey and Mafley put in 
 irons. 
 
 Sid Abram (our black Commandant), 
 by the defire of the whole, requefted of the 
 Myar to deliver the following particulars to 
 the Keeladar, 
 
 i ft. That we had been in heavy irons for 
 near two years. 
 
 2d. That we had no medicines, nor were 
 even allowed to purchafe any for the relief 
 of the fick. 
 
 3d. That
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 123 
 
 3d. That we might be allowed one bottle 1783. 
 pf pia arrack for the ufe of the lick only, 
 and to be kept always in charge of the 
 c entitle!. 
 
 4th. That our allowance of a fanam per 
 day was too fmall. 
 
 5th. That Mr. Skardon might be put 
 on the fame allowance as the whole of us, 
 he at prefent receiving only fix cam, one 
 fear of rice, half of doll, a little curry fluff, 
 and ghee per day. 
 
 To this we received no anfwer. 
 
 Muttered by the Myar, who particularly Feb. 
 examined our irons. 
 
 Removed to Myfore, Captain Rumley, 26, 
 Lieutenants Frazer and Sampfon : poor 
 Sampfon was exceedingly ill of an ague at 
 the time he left us ; we made up a fmall 
 fum of forty gold fanams for him: flrange 
 are the conjectures concerning the fate of 
 thefe three gentlemen. 
 
 Four
 
 124 MEMOIRS OP THE 
 
 *7 8 3- Four European Mafiulmen detected, in 
 febr attempting dieir efcape. 
 
 Mar,i. Received a letter from Colonel Braith- 
 waite : he and Enfign Holmes are allowed 
 cne fanam per day each. Colonel Braith- 
 waite having reprefented to us their mifer- 
 able fituation, we in -confequence raifed 
 by public fubfcription feventy gold fanams, 
 and have defired the Colonel to convey, if 
 poffible, part of the above fum to Captain 
 Leech, who we underftand is flarving on 
 fix cam per day : this unfortunate man was 
 taken at Puddelotah, thirty miles from 
 Trichinopoly, and is now confined along 
 with two ferjeants and three Subadars. 
 
 12. A letter fent to the circumcifed Euro- 
 
 peans a few days ago, and received the fol- 
 lowing anfwer. 
 
 * f Dear Gentlemen and Countrymen, 
 
 * 4 YOUR note we received, but forry we 
 " are to tell you that little fatisfaction we 
 " can give you : no farther than to acquaint 
 " you that Nagram is ours . Captain Rumley 
 
 " and
 
 LATE WAfe. IN ASIA. 125 
 
 ** and two more officers were fent to Myfore, 1783. 
 " Gentlemen, we are fore oppreft againft 
 <c our will to do as we do. You mention in 
 " your note about letters to the Carnatic, 
 ** which we do not underftand. Our army is 
 ** about nine days march from this* MeiTrs. 
 " Speediman, Rutlidge, a ferjeant major, 
 " and another ferjeant, are all in irons at 
 " Gunjum Pett for attempting to make 
 " their efcape." 
 
 Mahomed Ally, a General in Tippoo's Mar- 
 fervice, encamped fix miles to the north- 
 ward of this, on his way to Nagram. His 
 party confifts of five hundred French, two 
 battalions of topafies, five battalions Sepoys, 
 three thoufand horfe, with feveral guns. 
 
 Received a letter from Colonel Braith- 1& 
 waite requefting more fanams. 
 
 Two o'clock A. M. a total eclipfe of the 19. 
 moon. 
 
 Sent
 
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1782. Sent Colonel Braithwaite thirty-four fa- 
 nams, which we raifed with the utmoft dif* 
 ficulty. 
 
 Mar. Arrived the reliques of the late Hyder- 
 22 ' Ally-Cawn, and interred in the Loll Bang 
 garden, one mile eaft of the fort. 
 
 2 5 Received a letter from Colonel Braith- 
 
 waite, wherein he informs us that he has 
 only received fixty fanams. A Verduvalla 
 who was oyer the Colonel at this time, at- 
 tended our prifon on account of his indifpo- 
 fition ; confequently we thought this a fa- 
 vourable opportunity to remit the money, 
 and accordingly entrufted him - y but found* 
 to our forrow, that he kept up forty fanams 
 and two letters. 
 
 Apr.i. Colonel Braithwaite having pointed out a 
 channel of correfponding with Tanjore, and 
 wifliing to have fifty fanams tranfmitted to 
 him for that purpofe, we have raifecj that; 
 fum byfubfcription, and fent it him, together 
 with a lift of our names, in order that they 
 may be forwarded to our friends. 
 
 Received
 
 LATE WAR IN .A SI A. I2J 
 
 Received the following letter from fome 1783* 
 of the European Muffulmen, 
 
 f( Dear Gentlemen, 
 
 " WE intend to avail ourfelves of the firll 
 '* opportunity to efcape, as we would iboner 
 ** die than remain in this rafcal's iervice, 
 " If you fhould.be relesfed before we put 
 " this fcheme in execution, pray be fo good 
 " as coniider our miferable fituation." 
 
 Tippoo Saib palled this place for Nagram April 
 with a great part of his army. 
 
 The battalion of Carnatic flaves, who "- 
 were drilled here by the European MuiTul- 
 men, have joined the army at Nagram. 
 
 A falute fired for fome favourable news 
 received from Nagram. 
 
 Salutes fired, and fugar given to the in- Ma f 
 habitants (guards go about with bafkets full, 
 of fugar difhibuting it, like Roman dolls, 
 among the people) and drums beating, in 
 conference of our having loft Nagram.
 
 j 28 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 j-g-T. The perfon who engaged with Colonel 
 Ma y Braithwaite to tranfact the correfpondence 
 with Tanjore, has declined to execute it. 
 
 16. The whole of us have fubfcribed half a 
 
 fanam each per month to Captain Leech, 
 which puts him on a level with us, as we 
 underftand he is in a moft wretched fitua- 
 tion. 
 
 Jane Sent by the wamerwoman to Captain 
 * 9 ' Leech thirty- three gold fanams. Two 
 months fubfcription. 
 
 20f A letter from Captain Leech acknow- 
 
 ledging the receipt of thirty-two fanams. 
 
 Received the following letter from Bri- 
 gadier-General Matthews, who arrived pri- 
 foner here the ajth of May, 1783. 
 
 " I am forry for the misfortune of my 
 " friends. Rumley is dead. Fetherftone 
 " was killed. I was a Brigadier- General, 
 " and Commander in chief on the Malabar 
 
 coaft. Mangalore has a very good garri- 
 
 " fon, 

 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 129 
 
 * c fon, and I think will hold out till relieved 1783. 
 " from Madras. Our fleet is fuperior to 
 " the French in India. Our army victo- 
 <f rious in the Carnatic ; likewife in the 1 
 " Cuddapa country. Lang, a Brigadier- 
 " General, has taken Corrore, and has teri 
 " thoufand good men under him. Our af- 
 " fairs wear a tolerable afped. The Mar- 
 *' rattas have made a peace and alliance 
 " with us. I had three hundred Euro- 
 *' peans and eight hundred Sepoys, efFec- 
 " tive, at Nagram, called alib Bedanore, 
 *' and made a treaty with Tippoo, which 
 " he broke, plundered us, and made us 
 " clofe prifoners. I think that Tippoo 
 *' wimes for peace with us, and that fome- 
 *' thing towards it may take place in No- 
 " vember. I am ufed ill, but not in irons. 
 *' I have neither pen, ink, nor paper, and 
 "it is dangerous to correfpond. All the 
 ** ftrong forts are in our pofleffion. I took 
 *' the whole Malabar coafl. I brought 
 if from Bombay four hundred Europeans 
 " and one thoufand Sepoys, and was after- 
 ** wards joined by the Calicut army. The 
 *' number of places taken by me required 
 I: " all
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 " all my troops to 
 " any fupport from any place. We knew 
 " not of your fituation : If I had known it, 
 " I mould not have been a prifoner. Ge- 
 " neral Stewart commands at Madras. 
 " The troops that the French landed have 
 " been defeated. For myfeland two Eu- 
 ** ropean fervants, and one black, I am al- 
 " lowed one fanam and a half per day, with 
 ' one fear of meat, three of bad rice, and 
 " one of ghee. I am compelled ro receive 
 " what they give, and not allowed to buy 
 " any other from the Buzar. I cannot pro- 
 " cure any thing but through the Hircar- 
 " rah. Should any thing happen to my 
 " life, I wim you to remember, that the 
 " Company owe me, for money advanced 
 '* by me during my command, thirty- three 
 " thoufand rupees, befides all my pay, and 
 " allowance due from the time of my arri- 
 44 val in India. The troops that were with 
 " me are fome in the Nabob's fervice ; the 
 " reft ient in irons to different parts of the 
 " country. 
 
 " RICHARD MATHEWS/ 4 
 
 Saw
 
 LATE WAR IN A S 1 Ai 1 JI 
 
 Saw the European MulTumien at drill 1783, 
 this morning, on the parade 3 they gave us May 
 the compliment of the falam. 
 
 In honour of his Majefly's birth-day, we June 4. 
 had for dinner two quarters of flewed mut- 
 ton, with a bread pudding j and drank his 
 health in pure water. 
 
 Repeated applications to the Keeladar, in July 4 ' 
 order to have feveral gentlemen's irons taken 
 off, on account of their legs being fwelled, 
 and otherways indifpofed* but without fuc- 
 
 cefs. 
 
 Raifed by fubfcription twenty fanamSj 
 which we have given to the washerman, for 
 bringing General Mathews's letter, &c* 
 
 The whole of us have fubfcribed one dub z i, 
 each for the Doctor's medicine box. This 
 we do occafionally. 
 
 Received a letter from Colonel Braith- 
 waite, of which what follows 'is an extract. 
 
 I 2 < Yefterday
 
 132 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1-83. " As we burn all your letters, we 
 " could be glad you would fend us the 
 " names of thofe herbs good for fore legs. 
 "Captain Leech's are fwelled, and very 
 " fore : he has no covering for them but old 
 " rags, from whence I conjecture that his 
 
 ft w w i\\ i et no C l th be bought for 
 
 " him -, therefore it would be an aft of cha- 
 " rity, if, amongft you, you would make up 
 " for him four fuits of mirts and drawers, 
 " and deduct the money out of his next 
 " month's fupply : you can fend them from 
 " time to time by the waiftcoat wafher- 
 (f man." 
 
 J"ty Our lervants, in going for water, this even- 
 ing, accofted a Subadar for news. This 
 man was formerly in our fervice. Ke deilr- 
 ed the fervants to give his particular falarn 
 to us, and tell us to keep up our fpirits, 
 for that we would very foon be releafed. 
 
 Sid Gofforr, who was a Commandant of 
 a battalion of Zebundy Sepoys, and taken 
 prifoner in the Tanjore country, is appoint- 
 ed
 
 LATE WAk IN ASIA. 133 
 
 ed Commandant to a regiment of cavalry, 1*783. 
 and allowed a palanquin. Tliis is a parti- 
 cular mark of Tippoo's favour, as no one is 
 permitted to make ufe of a palanquin, tin- 
 lefs by exprefs orders from the Nabob. 
 Sid GofForr, previouily to his appointment, 
 fent for his wife and children, as pledges of 
 his fidelity. 
 
 This is a piece of policy very common 
 among all the princes of India. . If any per- 
 fon is diflinguifhed by fortune, by connec- 
 tions, or by any truft under government, 
 care is taken that his family, or thofe who 
 are moft dear to him, ihall be placed under 
 the immediate obfervation of the prince, or 
 the minifter in whom he confides . The head 
 men, as they are called, of different villages, 
 quarters of towns, &c. keep,^ regifters of all 
 families of any note within their districts. 
 
 t five o'clock, P. M. receive intelli- 
 gence of a project contrived in order to re- 
 inftate the King of Myfore. How dan- 
 gerous foever this confpiracy might appear 
 1 3 to
 
 ,< MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 .JorT 
 
 $783. to be, 7 et ever y memher at firft appeared 
 fleady and undaunted. The parties who 
 entered into this plot, were the Inchival- 
 la, head poft-mafter to Tippoo^Saib, and 
 keeper of the privy feals; the Prime Mini- 
 fter of the old King of Myfore ; two Suba- 
 dars; and nine other head-men. One of 
 the Subadars had the command of one 
 hundred men : the other had been a Suba- 
 dar in Captain Keating's battalion, and ta^ 
 ken prifoner on the fall of Amboor, a garrifon 
 in the Carnatic. The whole of the confpi- 
 rators affembled feveral times, and after matr- 
 ters were arranged, they each fwore fo- 
 lemnly to obferve fecrecy. Letters were 
 then difpatched to our army at that time in 
 the Combitore country, the Marrattas, and 
 Corakees, requiring their afliftance. Every 
 thing promifed fuccefs. They then agreed jto 
 difperfe for the prefent, and to meet at the 
 general rendezvous about feven the fame 
 evening : but unfortunately for them, and 
 likewife all the prifoners, the Subadar who 
 liad command of the hundred men inftantly 
 went to the Keeladar and informed him of 
 
 the
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 135 
 
 the whole plot. Guards were ordered, and 1783, 
 the whole party fecured and thrown into 
 dungeons. 
 
 The firft object of the confj^rarors was, 
 to have made fure of the Keeladar, the 
 head Myar, and Afoff-Cawn j thefe three 
 were to have been inftantly put to death: 
 their next, to have releafed all the European 
 and other prifoners, and then to have mur- 
 dered the whole of Afoff-Cawn's battalion, 
 the Sepoys of that corps having charge of 
 all the prifoners, magazines, gates, &c. 
 
 A current report that we are all to be 
 burned, as a retaliation for the lofs Tippoo 
 has fuftained on the Malabar coafl. 
 
 Tippoo's fon, a lad about eight years of 
 age, frequently takes an airing on horfe- 
 back in a flreet adjoining to our prifon : 
 which flreet, fince the plot has been difco- 
 vered," is lined with centinels, and no one is- 
 allowed to pafs or repafs. 
 
 14 On
 
 136 MEMOIRS OP THE 
 
 1783. On this occafion we peeped eagerly 
 through fome fmall apertures we had found 
 means to make, or to improve a little, in 
 the walls of our prifon. The young Sultan 
 was mounts^ on a beautiful managed Ara- 
 bian horfe, finely caparifoned. He was at- 
 tended and preceded by a number of people, 
 fome of whom bore up his umbrella, others 
 fanned his face, others proclaimed his rank 
 and high defcent. At one particular place 
 by which he pafTed and repaired, two ele- 
 phants were ftationed to pay their compli- 
 ments to the young prince among the reft 
 of his adorers. The creatures were not 
 only taught to kneel at his approach, and 
 mew other marks of obedience, but to fan 
 his face as he went along, with fans which 
 they grafped and wielded with their trunk 
 or probofcis. 
 
 A U S- An addition to our guard of two troop- 
 ers, and the Myar has vifited our prifon 
 three times this morning, with orders to the 
 guards to be particularly vigilant.
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA, 
 
 A moft melancholy fight this morning: 1783. 
 one of the confpirators {tripped naked, and ^' 
 dragged to death at an elephant's foot. In 
 the afternoon two more of them, with their 
 nofes and ears cut off, riding on jack-affes, 
 were hanged at the north gate of the fort. 
 
 The washerman acquaint us that Gene- 17. 
 ral Mathews is put in irons. 
 
 Our Havaldar fays peace is making. ig . 
 
 Received the following from Colonel 23. 
 Braithwaite. 
 
 " Juft as I had fent my difpatch to Ge- 
 *' neral Mathews, his fervants were brought 
 *' to Leech's guard, where they now are, 
 " confined with him and the ferjeant. They 
 " have half a fanam a-day between them, 
 " and the General, I fuppofe, is reduced to 
 " one : they were ftri&ly examined by the 
 " Keeladar as to what the General's con- 
 " verfation turned upon ; particularly if the 
 " Englifh did not want to make peace. 
 ** The washerman has informed me, that 
 
 "my
 
 'MEMOIRS OF T H B 
 
 " my letters were fafely delivered to the 
 ' General. The General is put in irons." 
 
 We hear that eleven thoufand horfe have 
 died in Tippoo's camp fince his arrival on 
 the Malabar coafl, many elephants and ca- 
 mels, and a vaft number of bullocks ; and 
 that his army in general is very fickly. 
 
 This day a lift was made out of the 
 following articles, fabricated by the Eng- 
 Jim officers, prifoners with Hyder-Ally- 
 Cawn, and Tippoo Sultan Bahadar, in Se- 
 ringapatam. 
 
 Hats of leather. 
 Caps, of coarfe dungerec. 
 Stocks of ditto. 
 Neckcloths of ditto* 
 Banyan ihirts, ditto. 
 Jackets, ditto. 
 Waiftcoats, ditto. 
 Trowfers, ditto. 
 Socks, ditto. 
 Buttons of thread. 
 
 Tables
 
 L A T E WAR I N ; A 5 I A. 
 
 Tables of Bamboo, and covered with a 
 mat. 
 
 Stools of ditto. 
 
 Cots of Bamboo, by the means of an 
 old knife, converted into a faw ; the 
 cot lamed with coir rope, made from 
 the cocoa nut. 
 
 Bird cages of Bamboo. 
 
 Trunks of ditto, noo pieces in one 
 trunk. 
 
 Rat traps of ditto, 
 
 Squirrel traps of ditto. 
 
 Forks of ditto. 
 
 Back-gammon tables of ditto. 
 
 Dice, fawn with an old knife -, the ivory 
 acquired by ftealth in the Buzar. 
 
 Chefs-boards, of paper and cloth. 
 
 Cards, two folds of paper, one of cloth, 
 pafted together with thick conjee, and 
 polifhed with the jaw-bone of a fheep. 
 
 Ink, of lamp-black, with a little gum- 
 water. One chatty was placed over 
 head of another, to colled; the fmoke 
 of the taper or wick of a lamp, which 
 was fwept off every day. 
 
 Pens of fowl quills. 
 
 Paints,
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 Paints, brought in by ftealth, indigo, 
 red wool, and turmeric k. 
 
 Augufi Sent Captain Leech a fupply of thirty- 
 2 ^ four fanams per the wamerman. 
 
 Troops and guns arrived from Tippoo's 
 camp, all corroborating the accounts of 
 peace. 
 
 ?7 Our paymafterfays, that thirty heavy guns 
 are arrived here, in confequence of peace, 
 This good man feems to take a pleafure in 
 giving us any information that may contri- 
 bute to cafe ouriituation. 
 
 Sep. i. Saw forty of the European MufTulmen at 
 drill. Vi-fited by the Myar, and a Circar 
 JBramin, who took all our names, with the 
 rank, corps, and monthly pay of each. 
 
 8 * The wamerman gives us the melancholy 
 accounts of General Matthews's death. He 
 died the yth inftant ; and at the time he 
 departed this life he was in irons. The 
 wamerman further informed us, that he had 
 
 not
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA* 
 
 not changed his linen for twenty days, on 
 account of his knowing that the Keeladar 
 had mixed poifon in the vi&uals he daily 
 fent him. It appeared, indeed, from the 
 treatment that the General at firft met with, 
 that Tippoo meant to ufe unfair means with 
 him. Had he intended to ufe him agree- 
 ably to his rank, he ought to have allowed 
 his ftaff to accompany him during his con- 
 finement : but fo far from that, that 'ne 
 firft broke a folemn treaty with the General 
 and his officers. The General was then fe- 
 parated from the whole of his little captive 
 army, brought here under a ftrong guard, 
 thrown into a filthy dungeon ; his baggage, 
 cot, and every thing of the frnallefl: confe- 
 quence taken from him; his fervants remo- 
 ved, and he himfelf thrown into heavy irons ; 
 and at laft, to put a finiming ftroke to the 
 horrid fcene^was dilpatched by poifon. 
 
 The General, when he learnt from a 
 combination of fufpicious circumftances, 
 as well as hints let fall from thofe that were 
 occafionally abo.ut his perfon, that it was 
 the Sultan's intention to .cut him off by 
 
 poifon,
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 pbifori, refufed to tafte of the vifluals thn 
 was fent to him at ftated times from the 
 Keeladar's. Some of the guards, and even 
 the fervants who- carried the poifoned vic- 
 tuals, took compaction on the General, and 
 gave him now and then a little of theirs. 
 The Havaldar, who had the charge of the 
 General, connived at theie ats of humanity 
 at firft, and manifested' fymptoms of uneafi- 
 nefs and diilatisfadion with the part affign- 
 ed to him in the fcene going forward. But 
 this officer, when it was found that General 
 Mathews ftili protraded his miferable ex- 
 iftence, was fent for by the Keeladar, who 
 told him that- the General's life, if much 
 fonger continued, muft be paid for by the 1 
 Havaldar's death. Upon this the Havaldar 
 communicated his orders, with the threats 
 that accompanied them, to his unfortunate 
 prifoner, who had now no other alternative 
 than that of perifhing by famine or by poi- 
 fon. The anxious love of life maintained, 
 for feveral days, a ftruggle with the impor- 
 tunate calls of furious hunger. Thefe, 
 however, prevailed in the ilTue of the con-- 
 teft. He eat of poifoned food, and he 
 
 drank
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 drank too, whether to quench the rage of 
 inflamed thirft, or to drown the torments 
 of his foul in utter infenfibility, of the poi- 
 foned cup. Within fix hours after this fa- 
 tal repaft he was found dead. This is a. 
 faithful and true account of the death of 
 Lieutenant- General Mathews, which has 
 been fet forth in various ways. The man- 
 ner in which thefe particulars were brought 
 to light was this : The death of the Ge- 
 neral being reported to the Keeladar, it was 
 mentioned, on that occasion, that a brafs 
 bafon was found in his prifon., with fomc 
 writing on it : which muft have been done 
 with a fork he had with him. This was 
 brought to the Keeladar, and read and in- 
 terpreted by an European who had engaged 
 in the Sultan's fervice. 
 
 The paymafter tells us, that peace is 
 broke off, and that the Commandants of 
 horfe and infantry, contencd in this vici- 
 nity, have received orders to recruit men; 
 with the utmofl expedition. 
 
 The
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 wa ^ iermari f avs > tnat immediately 
 on his delivering General Matthews's linen 
 to theCircar,it was tore to pieces and thrown 
 into the ilreets. 
 
 Arrived one regiment of regular black 
 cavalry, conlifHng of five troops, fifty each a 
 The horfes given over to the Circar, and the 
 troopers doing garrifon duty. 
 
 lg - The head Derroga of the flaves, who 
 
 vifits the Keeladar daily, is attended by 
 nine of the European Have-boys who have 
 been circumcifed : each of them having a- 
 filver pearl in their right ear; this being a 
 badge of flavery amongft the Mahome- 
 tans. 
 
 19. The head Derroga appeared this evening 
 
 on the terrace of Tippoo Saib's houfe, which 
 has a flat roof with one turret on each cor- 
 ner, attended by five of the European flave- 
 boys. On his perceiving us in the yard of 
 our prifon, he immediately called the un- 
 fortunate victims to the edge of the houfe, 
 and particularly pointed us out to them. 
 
 They
 
 LA T E WAR IN A S I AT 
 
 145 
 
 They were fo very much affected that they 1783, 
 buril into tears, and retired. The Derroga' 
 again brought them, and fpoke to them in 
 a very ferious manner : we were not near 
 enough to hear the converfation. It was 
 the horror that the boys felt at the thought 
 of being for ever fhut out from the fociety 
 of their countrymen, and the hope of re- 
 turning to their country, that wrung their 
 fouls with tender- anguim. The pain they 
 felt was merely of this focial kind, for, as 
 far as we could judge from appearances, or 
 from concurring reports, they were not fub- 
 jec~led to any fpecies of toil or drudgery, or 
 to ill ufage of any fort. They were, on the 
 contrary, well clothed and fed, and fupplied 
 with every accommodation that was lekiier 
 neceHary or convenient. They were fent 
 to fchool to be inftructed in the Persian 
 language, in arithmetic, and algebra ; and, 
 in general, they were trained \?p in all the 
 knowledge and accomplimments pf the 
 country, being intended for the houfehold 
 of the Sultan, and to be about his perfon. 
 The officers, to whofe care they were en- 
 tr Lifted by the monarch, had orders to treat 
 K them
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1783. tnm kindly, and to tell them that, being 
 weaned from their attachment to the coun- 
 tries beyond the great ocean, and initiated 
 in the religion of the holy Prophet, they 
 would become the Sons of the Sultan, who 
 would not fail to cherim, to beflow his 
 confidence, and promote them in his fervicc 
 according to their merit. 
 
 Nor were thefe fair promifes and cx- 
 preffions of kindnefs on the part of the Sul- 
 tan, altogether infincere and affected. In 
 India, where the human character pofTefles 
 great fenfibility of temper, ideas of adop- 
 tion are quite familiar among the people : 
 and the young ones that are adopted, de- 
 pendent on the bounty, and obedient to the 
 nod of the adopting parents, are embraced 
 with all that affection which is ufually 
 fhewn to real children. It was in this 
 fpirit that Nebuchadnezzar, King of 
 Babylon, having reduced Judaea and carried 
 the people captive into his own dominions, 
 " Spoke unto Afphenaz the matter of his 
 " eunuchs, that he mould bring certain 
 " of the children of Hrael and of the kings 
 
 " feed,
 
 LATE WAR IN A '5 I A. 147 
 
 * c feed, and of the princes children in whom 1783, 
 *' was no blemifh, but well favoured, and 
 " ikilful in all wifdom, and cunning in 
 " knowledge, and underftanding fcience, 
 " and fuch as had ability in them to ftand 
 " in the King's palace, and whom they 
 " might teach the learning and the tongue 
 " of the Chaldeans. And the King ap- 
 *' pointed them a daily provifion of the 
 " King's meat, and of the wine which he 
 " drank : fo nouriming them three years; 
 " that at the end thereof they might fland 
 " before the King. Among thefe were of 
 " the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, 
 " Mifhael, and Azariah ; unto whom the 
 tf prince of the eunuchs gave names : fof 
 " he gave unto Daniel the name of Belte- 
 kt mazzar ; and to Hananiah, of Shadrach ; 
 " and to Mimael, of Meihsch j and to 
 *< Azariah> of Abed-nego *." 
 
 As a refemblance may thus be traced 
 between the lituation of the fons of Judah 
 under Nebuchadnezzar, and thofe of Great 
 
 * Daniel I. 37. 
 
 K a Britain
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 17 8j- Britain under the Indian Monarch, fo allb/ 
 we dilcern an affinity between the feelings and 
 emotions to which thofe lituations unfortu- 
 nately gave birth. The tears and other 
 iigns of melancholy which were manifefted 
 to our view by the European flave-boys in 
 the midft of eafe and plenty, in the palace 
 of a King ! recalled to our thoughts how 
 natural it was for the captive Jews of old, 
 " To hang their harps on the willows, 
 "to fit down by the rivers of Babylon, 
 " and to weep when they remembered 
 " Zion*." 
 
 Sep. The paymafter allures us that peace is 
 certainly made. 
 
 ; Saw fome of the European flave-boys on 
 Tippoo Saib's houfe: they paid us the com- 
 pliment of the falam, made many melan- 
 choly fignals with their hands, Ihed a flood 
 ef tears, and retired. 
 
 The annual Gentoo feaft commenced this 
 evening, which was continued, according to 
 
 * Pfalm cxxxvii. 
 f cuftom. 

 
 li A T E WAR IN- A S I A. 
 
 cuflom, for nine days. The King of Myfore 1783. 
 made his appearance in a veranda, in front 
 qf his palace, about feven o'clock. 
 
 . This young prince, in whofe name the A 
 family of Hyder-Ally, who aflume only the 
 title of regent, carry on the administration 
 of government, is allowed, for himielf and 
 his family, an annual penfion of one lack 
 of rupees. He is treated with all- thole 
 marks of homage that are paid to crowned 
 heads. In his name proclamation is made 
 of war and of peace, and the trophies of 
 victory are laid at his feet. Like kings, 
 too, he has his guards : but thefe are ap- 
 pointed and commanded by the ufurper of 
 his throne, whqfe authority and fafety de- 
 pend upon the prince's confinement. Yet 
 fuch is the reverence that is paid by the 
 people of IVJyfore to the blood of their an- 
 tient Kings, and fo formidable are they ren- 
 dered .even in their prefent ftate of fubjec- 
 tion to the moft vigorous character as well 
 as powerful Prince in the peninfula of Hin- 
 doftan, by their numbers, and the extent of 
 their cities, efpecially of Seringapatam, : 
 K 3 the
 
 I -', MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1783. the capital, which would faciliate their in-* 
 tercourfe and co-operation, if any common, 
 principle or caufe fliould fpread the flames 
 of difcontent and infurreclion, that it is 
 thought expedient by the prefent govern- 
 ment, not to cut off the hereditary prince 
 of Myfore, according to the ufual policy of 
 defpots, but to adorn him with the pagean- 
 try of a crown, to furnim him with all that 
 is neceiTary to a life of fenfual pleafure, to 
 immerfe him in voluptuoufnefs, to unnerve 
 his mind, and at ftated times to prefent 
 him, a royal puppet, to the view and accla- 
 mations of his people. 
 
 The fpacious palace in which the young 
 King of Myfore refides, {lands in a large 
 fquare, in the very centre of Seringapatam, 
 in an angle of which our prilbn was alfo 
 fituated. Hence we had an opportunity of 
 enjoying the fight of this annual feftival, in 
 which we were indulged during the whole 
 time that it lafted. The prince, who is 
 quite black, but exceedingly comely, ap- 
 peared, as already mentioned, in a royal ve- 
 randa or open gallery in front of his palace. 
 
 The
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 The curtains with which the gallery was" 1783 
 hung being drawn up, difcovered the King 
 feated on a throne, with numerous attend- 
 ants on each hand ; fome of whom fanned 
 him, others fcattered peVfumes on his long 
 black hair, and on his cloaths, and others 
 prefented his Hooker, replenimed from time 
 to time with betel, and other narcotics. 
 The veranda was decorated with the fineft 
 hangings, and refplendent with precious 
 ftones, among which a diamond of immenfe 
 fize and value, fhone with difringuifhed 
 luftre. On a flage extended in the open 
 fquare, along the front of the palace, mufi- 
 cians,balladieres, and a fpecies of gladiators, 
 entertained the King with his train in the 
 gallery, and the multitude that filled the 
 fquare, with mufic, dancing, tumbling, 
 wreflling, mock-engagements, and other 
 pantomimical diverfions. The ladies of his 
 Majefly's hararh, as well as die European 
 prifoners, were, on this occafion, indulged 
 with greater freedom than ufual, being al- 
 lowed to enjoy the fpedtacle, through let- 
 tice windows, as well as the other fubjecTs 
 of Myfore, They were not black, but 
 K 4 fair,
 
 jrj - MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1783. fei r an d exceedingly handfome. Their 
 number feemed to be from forty to fifty. 
 The girls of Hyder's Seraglio, who were 
 maintained by Tippoo, in their ufual re- 
 fidence, after his death, amounted to the 
 number of five hundred *. 
 
 The King having fat motionlefs in great 
 flate for feveral hours, rofe up, when he 
 was about to retire, and advancing to the 
 edge of the gallery mowed himfelf to the 
 ple, who honoured him with marks of 
 moft profound and even fuperftitious 
 veneration. The curtains then dropt, and 
 his Majefty retired to the inner parts of the 
 palace. It is only on occafion of this an- 
 niverfary that the King of Myfore is vifible 
 to his nominal fubjects. 
 
 Sep. Saw forty of the European flaves at drill, 
 under the charge of a black Commandant : 
 very dirty and dejected. 
 
 A tom-tom went about this evening, 
 forbidding any of the inhabitants to appear 
 
 * See Appendix, A. 
 
 in
 
 LATE .WAR IN ASIA. 153 
 
 jn the ilreets after nine o'clock at night, on 1783. 
 pain of lofing their nofes and ears. 
 
 Orders for a morning and evening gun to 
 be fired in all Tippoo's garrifons. 
 
 The two men who were taken at Errode oa. u 
 in 1768, Spencer and Wilton, pafTed our 
 prifon this morning, attended by a fentry. 
 They were very indifferently drelfed. 
 
 The Verduvalla of the guard informs us, 
 that a Bramin of Tippoo's is gone to Ma- 
 dras concerning peace, and that two com- 
 panies of Sepoys, of his, were in Manga- 
 lore, and two of ours in his camp. The 
 Verduvalla thinks matters will be accom- 
 modated, as his matter's affairs wear but a 
 gloomy afpecl, and that he has no confi- 
 dence in his head men. 
 
 Several of our mips arrived at Mangalore 2, 
 with troops, and news that peace was bro- 
 ken off. 
 
 three
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 Three of the men concerned in the late 
 confpiracy, without their nofes and ears, and 
 riding on jack-aiTes, were hanged this 
 morning. 
 
 The washerman gives us the melancholy 
 news of Rumley, Frazer, and Sampfon, be- 
 ing poifoned at Myfore, 
 
 Shiek Ruflan, Havaldar, who at one pe- 
 riod commanded the guard of our prifon, 
 and one in whom we have great confidence, 
 tells us that Rumley, Frazer, and Sampfon, 
 are all poifoned ; and recommends to us to 
 be particularly circumfpecl in our behavi- 
 our, or that we may meet with the fame 
 fate. 
 
 Comrah, Sepoy, a Tanjore man, formerly 
 on our guard, arrived this morning from 
 Kavel Drook, and acquaints us that all the 
 officers confined there have been poifoned, 
 by exprefs orders from Tippoo Saib. He 
 believes there were eighteen or twenty of 
 them. 
 
 Our
 
 JL . ; ' 
 tATE WAR IN ASIA, 
 
 Our worthy friend the paymafter fays, 17-83* 
 that peace is on the eve of being concluded. ^ a ~ 
 
 Vifited by the Myar; he particularly en- in- 
 quired for our black Commandant's name, 
 as alfo the officer's name who commanded 
 the detachment in the Tanjore country, ta- 
 ken by Tippoo the 1 8th of February, 1782. 
 
 Received a letter by the washerman frorh 12, 
 Colonel Braithwaite, telling us that the 
 wamerman had kept twelve of the fanams 
 which we fent for the ufe of poor Captain 
 Leech'; as alfo of the death of Rumley, Fra- 
 zer, and Sampfon : and that many of Ge- 
 neral Ma thews 's officers, confined at Kaval 
 Drook, were dead, and the reft dying. 
 
 The wamerman, who is our conilant 
 toppall, or poft, was a Havaldar in Captain 
 Nixon's battalion, and taken prifoner the 
 loth of September, 1780, and took fervice 
 in the fryle of a wamerman (the men warn 
 and iron clothes) : of courfe we had every 
 reafon to fuppofe he would be affiftingj 
 but, on the contrary, he has taken every 
 
 opportunity
 
 -, 
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 
 l/Sj. opportunity to pilfer us, although we have 
 made him frequent prefents, and promifed 
 him, on our enlargement, a Jemmidar's 
 commiffion with a' fum of money, provided 
 he would not embezzle thofe fanams which 
 we, with the utmoftdi|riculty,raifeQ for thofe 
 in extreme diftrefs. 
 
 Oft- Colonel Braithwaite applied to the Kee- 
 ladar for a cot to fleep on, but was refufed. 
 
 , The French have pafTed this place on 
 their way to Pondicherry, in confequence, 
 as we are informed, of a peace in Europe. 
 
 3* Lieutenant Butler, at the point of death, 
 
 is allowed, after many applications, to have 
 his irons taken off; and feveral other gen- 
 tlemen are dangeroufly ill. 
 
 21. Sid Abram, our black Commandant, who 
 
 had been bred up in our fervice, was this 
 morning ordered to the kutcheree, and there 
 told by the Keeladar, that it was Tippoo 
 Saib's orders, that he mould enter into his 
 fervice ; as alfo to give information where^ 
 
 his
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA.' 157 
 
 his wife and family were, in order that they 1783, 
 might be fent for. The Keeladar advifed 
 him to take feryice without any hefitation, 
 and obferved, if he did not, that God only 
 knew what would be the confequence. 
 The Commandant was remanded back to 
 our prifon, and allowed to reflect on the bu- 
 fmefs. 
 
 We have made up four mirts and four oa. 
 trowfers for Captain Leech, and have fent 
 them by the walherman, together with 
 twenty-four fanams. The fanams are put, 
 or worked, into the buttons of the fhirt, 
 which we have contrived to deceive the 
 washerman. 
 
 Seven European artificers, arrived here, 2 4- 
 are forced into TippooY fervice. They 
 were fele&ed from thofe men taken at Be- 
 danore or Nagram. 
 
 Mirtozee, the commanding officer of the 2 7- 
 guard placed over our prifon, who, by the 
 humanity of his behaviour, had acquired 
 our efleem, affection, and even confidence,* 
 
 corro-
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1783. corroborates the melancholy tidings we had 
 received of General Matthews's officers hav- 
 ing, all of them, been carried off by poifori 
 at Kavel Drook, by the exprefs orders of the 
 Sultan ; which, he faid, was owing to the 
 garrifon of Ananpore being all of them put 
 to the fword by one of our European offi- 
 cers. He warned us of a fearch that was 
 foon to be made in our prifon, for what we 
 called contraband goods, fuch as razors, 
 fcilTars, knives, and other offenfive weapons; 
 and papers, pens, and ink ; the means of 
 correfpondence and difcovery. 
 
 The commanding officer, to whom the 
 inhuman tafk of poifoning our men at Ka- 
 vel Drook was committed, having been often 
 prefent with them, and of courfe been mo- 
 ved with companion, fuccefsfully exerted his 
 influence to be rempved from that ftation.- 
 The officer who had the charge of our fol- 
 diers prifon, at Seringapatam, was fent for 
 to Myfore, and appointed in his ftead, with 
 an exprefs charge to carry the orders and di- 
 rections, that had been given for poifoning 
 our men, into immediate execution. This 
 
 being
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA, 
 
 being done, the officer returned to his charge 1783, 
 of our foldiers prifon at Seringapatam, which 
 he occafionally vifited as ufual. Certain of 
 our men, who had heard fome furmifes of 
 the horrid purpofe for which he had been 
 abfent, and who were moved with the live- 
 lieft inquietude and apprehenfions, ventured 
 to put the queflion to him, Why they had 
 fo long been deprived of the honour of his 
 vifits? He made not the lead fcraple to 
 tell them the mocking bufmefs in which he 
 had been employed, apologizing, at the 
 fame time, for his conduct, by obferving, 
 that if he had not obeyed orders, he would 
 himfelf have been put to death. 
 
 Colonel Braithwaite has received a cot and oa. 
 fome Margoza bark, from the Keeladar; 
 and was at the fame time defired to apply for 
 any thing he wanted. The Colonel re- 
 quefted he might be removed to us, or fee 
 the French Doctor, as alfo to fit on the out- 
 fide of the prifon door, during the time 
 his fervants weredreiTmg his victuals. The 
 Keeladar to thefe demands gave an evaiive 
 
 anfwer. 
 
 Received
 
 "MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 -Received the following from Colonel 
 oa. Braithwaite. 
 
 " Colonel Braithwaite prefents his com- 
 " pliments to the Gentlemen, has received 
 " four fhirts, four drawers, for Captain 
 " Leech, but no pills, meaning fanams*, are 
 " to be found. He begs to know how they 
 " werefent. The Colonel takes the liberty to 
 " fend them a few lines, by way of epitaph, 
 " on his late friend Sampfon, which he hopes 
 " his friends will wear in their hearts, as 
 " his deftiny denies him a tomb-ftone. It 
 <( is the only tribute the Colonel can now 
 " pay to the memory of an officer, whom 
 " he brought up and loved with parental 
 " affection. Should he furvive his captivi- 
 " ty, lie will demand his bones, and thofe 
 " of the other gentlemen, who have died 
 " here, and carry them to Madras for in- 
 " terment." 
 
 * The fanams were put in the buttons, the wafherman at 
 tkis time had not an opportunity of delivering them. 
 
 SAM PS OK
 
 t A T E WAR i N 4 ASIA. iGl 
 
 SAMPSON here refts his head on hoftile earth ; 17 ^3 
 
 A youth to fortune, not to fame, unknown ; 
 
 The former frowned even at his birthj 
 
 The latter furely mark'd him for her own. 
 
 How great his bravery, let beholders tell : 
 
 Much did he do, and to the laft did try. 
 
 Adiivej amidft out-numb'ring foes he fell' 
 
 Difabled too lucklefs ! then to die 
 
 A wounded captive in barbarians chains ! 
 
 Uncommon rigour mark'd his cruel fate ; 
 
 A tyrant's caution caus'd his lateft pains : 
 
 At length he died, a long, long year too late; 
 
 Lay light upon him earth j and may his God 
 
 With mercy meet him, and for ay reward, 
 
 A youth, who iri the walk of honour trod j 
 
 Yet fuffer'd here, alas ! a lot too hard. 
 
 Serjeant Higgms (who voluntarily took ^ 
 fervice) with two other European Muflul- i. 
 men, have made off to Mangalore from 
 Nagram ; but one of the three was unfor- 
 tunately detected. 
 
 The European MufTulrnan taken in en- 
 deavouring to make his efcape, was mot in 2 ' 
 Tippoo's camp, and fix more of the Euro'- 
 pean MufTulmen, who were alfo in his camp, 
 are' ordered to Shittle Drook. 
 
 L The
 
 l62 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1783. The Europeans given up by the French 
 Nov. were at ^11 fais morning, and attended by 
 four Havaldars. 
 
 All the Europeans who have been made 
 MufTulmen are confined in a large fquare, 
 and no one is permitted to go out without 
 a fentry. 
 
 Our allowance of one fanam per day (or 
 eleven dubs) is reduced to nine dubs and 
 two ca(h, a lofs of fix cam each per day - y 
 which affects us in the moft ferious man- 
 ner. We fhall be puzzled how to exift. 
 Mr. Skardon has received an .addition of 
 three cam per day. 
 
 The European Muffulmen, and black 
 Haves, are given in charge of the black of- 
 ficers of cavalry, whom they are to inftrud: 
 in the infantry duty; a moft melancholy 
 fight to us. All this is owing to Monfieur 
 SufFrein. 
 
 The
 
 1 A T E WAR IN ASIA. 163 
 
 The Inchivalla, who was the ring-leader 1783 
 in the confpiracy, ftill remains in heavy 
 irons, and on low diet. 
 
 About ten this morning, fifty of the Eu- Nov. 
 ropean MuiTulmen, with firelocks, and a 8 
 body of native troops, efcorted the Keela- 
 dar to a mofque, one mile weft of the fort. 
 They were commanded by a black officer, 
 who frequently, in our hearing, called out 
 to them, as they were pairing our prifon, 
 C billow Ferlngee Banjoot *, with other ex- 
 preffions of infolence and contempt. 
 
 The paymafter informs us, that Manga- 94 
 lore is given up in confequence of peace - 9 
 that Tippoo is to be here in eight days ; and 
 that an officer of rank is on his way from 
 Madras, in order to receive the prifoners* 
 The paymafter has aiTured us in the ftrong- 
 eft manner, that the above information is 
 undoubted, and requefts that we would, on 
 our enlargement, make him a fmall falam, 
 which he intends to appropriate to his 
 
 * Go on, ye white flaves. 
 
 L 2 daughter's
 
 j^^ MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 ? . daughter's marriage.* This good man is 
 deferving of every thing we can do for him, 
 
 as 
 
 * In Hindoftan, the expence of clothes is almoft nothing ; 
 and that of food, firing, and lodging, to the native, 
 very trifling. The Hindoos are not addifted to any expen- 
 five vices, their paflions and defires being gentle and mo- 
 derate. Yet they are frugal and induftrious, and as eager 
 to amafs riches as any of the natives of Europe. A Jew, a 
 Dutchman, or a Scotch pedlar, is not more attentive to 
 profit and lofs. What is the reafon of this? They are 
 lovers of fplcndour and magnificence in every thing, but 
 particularly in what relates to their women. It is in their 
 harems, but efpecially on occafion of their marriages, that 
 they pour forth the colle&ed treafures of many induftrious 
 years. It may alfo be proper to obferve, here, that the 
 good man, who had expreffed a concern for the due celebra- 
 tion of his daughter's marriage, had in his eye, and even 
 knew for certain, the family and the youth to whom me was 
 to be married. 
 
 Marriages are contra&ed by boys and girls, and confura- 
 mated as foon as they arrive at puberty ; that is, when the 
 jnen are from twelve to thirteen years of age, and the women 
 nine or ten. The marriage ceremony is performed three times ; 
 once when the couple are mere infants ; a fecond time, when 
 the gentleman may be about eight or nine years old, and 
 the lady five or fix ; and the third and laft time, at the age 
 I have already fpecified. Between the firft and fecond mar- 
 riage ceremonies, the young couple are allowed to fee one 
 another : they run about and play together as other children 
 do ; and knowing they are defined for each other, com- 
 t monly
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA, 
 
 as he has on every occafion {hewn huma- 1783. 
 nity and attention towards us. 
 
 The paymafter's news corroborated from 
 all quarters. 
 
 Six o'clock, P. M. departed this life 
 Lieutenant Butler. This unfortunate man 
 was fick for near fix months, and although 
 the two Myars faw his wretched iituation, 
 
 monly conceive, eveji at that early period, a mutual affec- 
 tion. J3ut after the fecond time of marriage, they are fe- 
 parated from each other ; the bride, efpecially if me be a 
 perfon of condition, being Ihut up in ihs women's apartment 
 until the happy day of the third and laft ceremony, when 
 the prieft fprinkles on the bride and bridegroom abundance 
 of rice, as an emblem of frui^fulne/s. 
 
 Thefe early contrails are undoubtly well calculated to in- 
 fpire the parties with a mutual and lafting affection. The 
 earlieft part of life is in every country the happieft ; and 
 every object is pleafing that recals to the imagination that 
 bleffed period. The ductile minds of the infant lovers are 
 eafily twined into one ; and the happieft time of their life is 
 aflbciated with the fweet remembrance of their early connec- 
 tion. It is not fo with your brides and bridegrooms of 
 thirty, forty, and fifty : they have had previous attach- 
 ments ; the bell part of life is paft before their union, per- 
 haps before they ever faw each other. 
 
 L 3 and
 
 j66 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 178?. and repeated applications were made to the 
 Keeladar for medicines, and a little Pia ar- 
 rack, yet the cruel barbarian gave no kind of 
 affiftance, but allowed him to linger out a 
 life of miferyand wretchednefs. 
 
 The wamerman having made a demand 
 of eight dubs for bleaching the mirts and 
 drawers fent to Captain Leech, we have, 
 in confequence of his application, raifed a that 
 fum by a fubfcription of one cam each. 
 
 Two divilions of the European Mufful- 
 men were at drill this morning, each diviiion 
 commanded by a black officer, 
 
 The funeral fervice was this morning read 
 over the late Lieutenant Butler, who was 
 carried out as /decently as the prifon would 
 admit of. 
 
 The Keeladar fent for the effects of the 
 late Lieutenant Butler, confifting of a few 
 old rags. The Verduvalla took as much 
 care in examining them, as if they had been 
 of the utmofl confequence. 
 
 Preparations
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA.' l6j 
 
 Preparations making, fuch as white- 1783. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 warning the houfes, cleaning the ftreets, 
 6cc. in order to receive Tippoo Sultan Ba- 
 hadar. 
 
 An officer of rank expeded here to-mor- 1 1 . 
 row, to receive the prifoners : a Choultry 
 and Pandall* fitted up for his reception, 
 one mile north of the fort, at a village call- 
 ed Soomer Pettah. 
 
 The European MufTulmen were at drill- 12. 
 this morning, and mixed in the ranks with 
 the black flaves. They and the black flaves 
 have had their right ears bored, in order to 
 wear the Mahomedan badge of flavery, 
 which is a filver pearl. 
 
 Colonel Braithwaite pafTed our prifon on I5 . 
 his return from the Keeladar. He was well 
 drefTed, and under charge of one Havaldar 
 and twelve Sepoys, with fixed bayonets. 
 Several of us were fo rejoiced at feeing him, 
 
 * A kind of portico for making the Choultry cooler, 
 formed by wooden poles, and the leaves and branches off 
 trees. 
 
 L 4 that
 
 jS MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1783. that they forgot their fituation, and called 
 out to him, by name, through holes they 
 had bored through the wall of the prifon. 
 The Colonel was aftonifhed, and fome of 
 the prifoners difapproved of this conduct of 
 their companions. But their emotions were 
 fo Hvely, that they could not be reftrained. 
 
 Various and uncertain accounts of peace : 
 one moment we are informed that peace is 
 finally concluded ; the next, there is fight- 
 ing ; and in this miferable fituation are we 
 daily tortured with alternate hopes and fears, 
 which produce a ftate of anxious and pain- 
 ful fufpenfe. 
 
 The Corakees have defeated a party of 
 Tippoo Saib's troops at Perripatam, nine- 
 teen miles weft of this, and a reinforce- 
 ment of Chaylahs and Colleries are order- 
 ed from hence to reinforce them, 
 
 Nov. The redudion of our allowance of the 
 
 lb * fix cam has fo materially affeded our mode 
 
 of living, that we are obliged now. to 
 
 breaflfaft on two cafh of conjee and two 
 
 cam.
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 169 
 
 pafh of milk. Two dinners in the week 1^83. 
 of doll pepper- water, each dinner nine cafh; 
 one ditto of cutcheree, twelve cafh, two 
 mutton curreys, and two foup dinners. 
 
 Forty Europeans and two battalions of ^1^ 
 black flaves with firelocks (no bayonets) 
 marched out of the fort at two o'clock in 
 the afternoon, in order to be reviewed by 
 the Keeladar ; the European flaves were 
 divided in the ranks with the Chaylahs, very 
 dirty, and but indifferently drefTed. Some 
 had hankerchiefs on their heads, others 
 turbans, and from their mid-thigh down- 
 wards they were entirely naked. Surely no 
 fkuation on earth is equal to theirs : however 
 we flatter ourfelves that whenever we meet 
 with that happy hour of liberty, and their 
 cafe is made known, every ftep will be 
 taken in order to recover them from flavery 
 and Mahomedanifm. The Europeans and 
 black flaves have all a filver pearl in their 
 right ear. 
 
 The Keeladar with the flaves returned at 
 pleven this night. 
 
 Colonel
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1783- Colonel Braithwaite informs us by letter, 
 Nov * that he has only received twenty fanams 
 
 1 <5 
 
 from the wamerman on account of Captain 
 Leech. The wamerman has taken the re- 
 mainder : this villain's cunning outreaches 
 all our fchemes. The Colonel and Enfign 
 Holmes's allowance reduced to nine dubs 
 and two cam each per day, and Captain 
 Leech and the ferjeant are raifed to ten cam 
 each. The Colonel daily fends Captain 
 Leech a. fix cam breakfaft. 
 
 Five. Europeans, hand-cuffed, arrived 
 prifoners from the Duraia country. 
 
 *9- Received the following from Colonel 
 
 Braithwaite, 
 
 " When I got near the Keeladar's houfe, 
 " a man came out in a great hurry and 
 " feeming agitation, to fay it was a miftake, 
 " and ordered me back. In repaffing your 
 " prifon-houfe, I heard you fay, by G-r-d 
 " there's Colonel Braithwaite : upon which 
 *' I anfwered in fome fuch exclamation. I 
 " had a very pleafant walk, and faw much 
 
 " of
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 " of the city, which is the fineft I have 1783, 
 " feen in India. Soon after I got back to 
 " my dungeon, two or three perfons came 
 " from the cutchery, to tell me, whatever 
 " clothes or money I wanted, to afk and I 
 " mould have. I faid, whatever the Na- 
 " bob allowed me I would receive ; if ten 
 " pagodas a-day I would fpend them - y if 
 <( ten cam I would live upon it. I would 
 " afk for no money; clothes I mould be 
 *' glad of. Three pieces of tolerable cloth 
 " for fhirting has been fent me ; they fay a 
 " taylor is to come to-day. This change 
 " in regard to me looks i^vell. Two prefled 
 " taylors are come ; they pretend they can- 
 " not do my work ; but I believe the chau- 
 (t buck will teach them. I have ferioufly 
 (S declared I will not pay them." 
 
 Our good friend Mirto Jee fays, that N OV< 
 peace is certainly broken off. 20 * 
 
 The Commandant afked the Verduvalla 
 for news. He gave him for anfwer, that the 
 news was very cold. 
 
 Captain
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 178 ?. Captain Judfbn has received thirteen pa- 
 godas by the hands of an old woman, come 
 to Seringapatam in fearch of her fon, a Sepoy 
 inourfervice, which was fent with a letter by 
 Mrs. Judfon, his wife, from Trichinopoly. 
 The old woman, ever fince the fatal battle 
 near Conjeveram, had wandered in a continued 
 ftateof pilgrimage, not being able to reft long 
 in one place, under the anxious and tender 
 concern that inwardly preyed on her mater- 
 nal breaft. After viliting every place that 
 report had fiiggefted as the probable fcene 
 of her fon's confinement, if in life, me at 
 laft made her way to Seringapatam, where 
 {he found him ; and we all of us participa- 
 ted in her joy. The woman faithfully de- 
 livered the money which Mrs. Judfon had 
 committed to her care, to our fervants, 
 whom me found at the well, where they 
 attended daily to fetch water, and which 
 had become a kind of poll-office. Mrs. 
 Judfon, we were fometimes inclined to 
 think, muft have received by forne means 
 or other a defcription of the well. But if 
 this had been fo, how could we account for 
 the commanding officer at Trichinopoly's 
 
 not
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA* 
 
 not taking the fame opportunity of corre- 
 fpendence that was embraced by Mrs. Jud- 
 fon ? The attention of government, indeed, 
 could not well be expected to equal the 
 cares of maternal and conjugal affection. 
 
 This is the only letter or money received 
 in Hyder's country from our friends. 
 
 Captain Judfon receives through the old Nor. 
 wcman a letter from Mrs. Judfon, dated the 2 
 1 4th of laft month, in anfwer to one he 
 wrote in February laft, acquainting him 
 that he might expect to be fupplied from 
 time to time with money, and that there 
 was a talk of peace. 
 
 The guard that was ftationed over the 27, 
 European officers, prifoners at Kaval Drook, 
 returned here three days ago, and gave us 
 the melancholy account of all General 
 Matthews's officers being poifoned. 
 
 A Circar Verduvalla with armourers, 
 this morning, particularly examined our 
 irons. The Verduvalla corroborated the 
 account we had received of the dreadful 
 
 cataftrophe
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1783- cataftrophe of the officers at Kaval Drcek $ 
 as alfo of Rumley, Frazer, and Samp- 
 fon, at Myfore$ and faid, that he made 
 no doubt but that the Nabob would poi- 
 fon all the Englifh prifoners 
 
 Several thoufands of troops, and moft of 
 them Carnatic people, are drilling here, for 
 the cavalry, artillery, and infantry. Tippoo 
 copies our mode of difcipline in every re- 
 fped:. 
 
 Dec. The nine flave-boys, who attend the 
 Derroga, are intended for the Nabob's fa- 
 mily. 
 
 4< Arrived prifoners, twenty Europeans, 
 
 and two European women, chained two and 
 two. 
 
 5, Arrived prifoners, twelve Europeans, 
 
 chained two and two, they were fhip- 
 wrecked on the Malabar coaft. 
 
 10< The Subadar who impeached the con- 
 
 fpirators, is made a Commandant of Colle- 
 
 ries,
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 17 j 
 
 ries, and has received many other favours 1783, 
 from the Nabob : we have part of his bat- 
 talion over us, and he frequently vifits the 
 prifon, and feems very anxious to enter into 
 a converfation -, however, as . he has been 
 particularly pointed out to us by fome of 
 our friends, we act with caution. 
 
 Colonel Braithwaite acquaints us, that 
 he has repeatedly applied to the Keeladar 
 for a greater allowance, and for taylors, but 
 without fuccefs. 
 
 
 A European officer, who was taken Dec. 
 prifoner on this coaft about two months 
 after the fall of Nagram, and fent here, is 
 circumcifed and appointed Commandant to 
 a battalion of Chaylahs : we have not been 
 able as yet to learn any thing farther con- 
 cerning this unfortunate man, 
 
 This evening, the whole of the European 
 MurTulmen were marched to Myfore. Se- 
 ven miles fouth. 
 
 Received
 
 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 from the Keeladar two Banyans 
 two Ihort drawers, and a meet - y they were 
 made of the coarfeft dungeree, and the fame 
 quality as delivered out to the black Haves; 
 fo very unfit for our purpofe, that we beg- 
 ged of the Verduvalla to return them, and 
 endeavour to procure us a piece of cloth 
 each in their ftead : the cloth to be about 
 four or five fanams per piece. On theVerdu- 
 valla's reporting this to the Keeladar, he re- 
 plied, Very well, that we might wait a few 
 days. Strange are the conjectures which are 
 formed concerning this prefent, as it is the 
 only inftance of generality we have met 
 with from that quarter, during our imprifon- 
 ment : it has made a number of gentlemen 
 very melancholy apprehenlive of force to 
 take fervice. Not like peace. 
 
 Many of our guards allure us that we are 
 all to be circumcifed, and taken into the 
 Nabob's fervice,* and that the dungeree 
 we received yefterday was given in confe- 
 quence of that refolution. 
 
 Captain Judfon has fent two pagodas ta 
 Colone^ Braithwaite^ 
 
 Sent
 
 t A T E WAR IN ASIA. 177 
 
 Sent by the washerman Captain Leech's 1783. 
 I fupply, thirty-one fanams. A current re- 
 port of peace, and that our ambafladors 
 from Madras are only a few days march 
 from this. 
 
 Received a letter from Colonel Braith- 
 waite, acquainting us that he has only recei- 
 ved twenty-four fanams for Captain Leech. 
 
 Reports of our ambafTadors being at Mal- 
 varee, twelve cofs N. E. of this place; Dec. 
 that they have applied to the Keeladar to 29< 
 fend us money and clothes; but that the 
 Keeladar would not comply with their re- 
 queft, as he obferved that he had no hookum* 
 or order, from the Nabob. 
 
 Three Europeans, who were taken at, or 
 jiear, Calicut about two months ago, and 
 fent here, are forced into the barbarian's 
 fervice as ftone-cutters. 
 
 The two men, Spencer and Wilton, who/ 30. 
 were taken at Errode, patted our prifon. 
 
 M The 
 
 VOL. II,
 
 178 .MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 I7 gj. The Verdu valla, by an order from the 
 Dec - Keeladar, told Sid Abram that he muftcon- 
 fent to enter into the Nabob's fervice, and 
 i give an account where his wife and family 
 were, that they might be fent for. The 
 Commandant replied, that he had, from 
 his boyim days, been brought up amongfl: 
 the Englilh, had met with every attention 
 and encouragement that a foldicr merited, 
 and that he would on no account give in- 
 formation where his wife and family were, 
 nor would he conient to enter into the Na- 
 bob's fervice. 
 
 A meflage, or falam, from Meer Nazer 
 Ally, formerly an officer in our fervice, but 
 who had fallen prifoner and taken fervice, 
 to Sid Abram, that peace was certainly con- 
 cluded, and applauding him for his fteady 
 conducl in refufmg to take fervice. Meer 
 Nazer Ally was a Subadar in Captain Mac- 
 Alifter's regiment of cavalry, and taken pri- 
 foner with Lieutenant Crewitzer j he now 
 commands a regiment of cavalry, and is do^ 
 ing duty here. 
 
 The
 
 t A t E WAR IN ASIA. 179 
 
 Our guards doubled and the centinels 1784, 
 particularly vigilant. A report prevails that J an * 
 we are all to be put to death. 
 
 The two troopers who* came on our 14, 
 guard at the time of the confpiracy, were 
 this morning relieved. 
 
 The whole of us turned out in order to 
 be muftered by a Subadar fent by the 
 Keeladar; 
 
 Abdull RuiTel, Commandant to Captain 22. 
 Alcock's battalion, and taken prifoner with 
 Colonel Braithwaite, was fent to Arnee and 
 thrown into heavy irons, on three cam per 
 day, and one fear of raggee, becauie he 
 would not enter into the barbarian's fervice: 
 many others, for the fame reafon, were treat- 
 ed in the fame manner, until they confented 
 to take fervice, and fend for their families < 
 
 A European boy about twelve years of 2 4< 
 
 age informed our fervants at the well this 
 
 evening, that he belonged to his Majefty's 
 
 thirty-fecond or forty-fecond regiment, that 
 
 M 2 h'e
 
 l8o MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. he was taken prifoner at Nagram, and fmcc 
 circumcifed. His name is Lindfey. 
 
 Jan. The Inchivalla was this morning pub- 
 lickly flogged, near our prifon, and his 
 back rubbed with chilleys, or cayenne pep- 
 per. 
 
 Arrived from Mangalore, thirty ele- 
 phants with their howders. 
 
 29. The nine circumcifed European boys ftill 
 
 remain under the charge of the Derroga ; 
 two of them were this morning on the ter- 
 race of Tippoo Saib's houfe : they made 
 fignals that the Nabob would be here in fif- 
 teen days, and that we mould then be re- 
 leafed. We were greatly affected by their 
 repeated melancholy figns of their fituation : 
 on their retiring they ihed a flood of tears, 
 and took off their turbans. 
 
 An increafe of our allowance of one cam 
 per day, owing to the exchange of the fa- 
 nam. 
 
 Arrived
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 1$JL 
 
 Arrived from Mangalore eight elephants, 1784^ 
 with their howdars ; a fpecies of frame fix- Feb * If 
 ed to the elephant for fitting on a little 
 tent with curtains. 
 
 The Europeans who were fhipwrecked, 2. 
 and arrived here in December, are chained 
 two and two, with the daily allowance of 
 one fear of rice and two pice each. 
 
 At four this evening five of the European Feb. 4. 
 boys under the charge of the Derroga were 
 on the terrace of Tippoo's houfe, and made 
 many tokens of their wretched fituation. 
 
 The whole of us turned out, in order to 
 be muttered by the Myar and a Bramin, as 
 alfo our fervants. 
 
 Vifited by the Myar and a Bramin, who 
 took our names, together with thofe of our 
 fervants. Many gentlemen alarmed on this 
 occafion. 
 
 Spencer and Wilton palled our prifon this 
 M 3 morning
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 . morning. The European Mufiulmen flill 
 remain at My fore. 
 
 We have difpatched a letter by the wafh- 
 erman to the unfortunate men who arrived 
 here a few days ago, requeuing to know in 
 what manner they fell into the enemy's 
 hands, and offering our affiftance in money, 
 to the amount of fifty fanams. 
 
 Received the following from one of them, 
 Mr. Lilly. 
 
 " I HAVE been in prifon going on feveri 
 *' months. We were brought up here du- 
 << ring the celTation of arms in irons, upon 
 *' one pice and one fear of rice per day ; 
 " upon our arrival here they gave us two 
 *' pice per day, and put all in irons, only 
 " two men who were ill, and they excufed 
 " me. There is no officer here, only one 
 " furgeon, a foreigner, whofe name is King, 
 " and one who follows the civil line ; and 
 " I was taken as I came to buy a fhip at 
 " Mangalore. There are fourteen Euro- 
 " pean foldiers, befides about thirty Sepoys, 
 
 " that
 
 LATE WAR INT ASIA. 183 
 
 ** that were caft away in a gale of wind, 1784. 
 " who were taken as prifoners. 
 
 " LILLY." 
 
 Mr. Lilly's letter not proving fatisfac- 
 tory, we have in confequence forwarded an- 
 other. 
 
 Fourteen Subadars, or Captains, and a Feb*. 
 number of Sepoys, have been carrying mud 
 for many months pafl, in order tp force 
 them to take fervice. 
 
 A European boy informed our fervants at r 4- 
 the well this evening, that he, with nine 
 more, were taken prifoners at Nagramj 
 that they were drummers and lifers of his 
 Majefty's ioift and load regiments; that 
 they had been circumcifed ; and were at 
 prefent under the charge of the head Der- 
 roga, Haffin Ally Cawn. The boy ear- 
 neftly requefted of the fervants, that they 
 would inform us that they were ufed bar- 
 baroufly ; and hoped that, upon our en- 
 largement, we would take an active part in 
 M 4 repre-
 
 i $4 MEMOIRS OF TE 
 
 $784. reprefenting to the government of Madras 
 their wretched fituation. 
 
 Peb. Our fervants again faw the European boy 
 at the well, and allured him, by our deflre, 
 that every exertion in our power mould be 
 made on our enlargement; and requefted 
 an account of himfelf and comrades in 
 writing. He replied, none of them could 
 write. 
 
 jt*. w e are informed that the name of Tip- 
 
 poo's eldeft fon is Abdull Ally Bahadar.. 
 
 *9- Sixty- feven circumcifed Europeans are at 
 
 Myfore. Meflrs. Speediman, Rutlidge, 
 Serjeant-major Groves, with feveral others, 
 ftill remain at Gunjum Pettah. 
 
 Received the following from Mr. Lilly. 
 
 *' Gentlemen, 
 
 " The ceflation of arms took place with 
 " Tippoo Saib the 2d of Auguft for four 
 " months. We were fent up here before 
 
 " the
 
 I. ATE WAR IN ASIA* 
 
 ** the expiration of it. I cannot tell how 1784, 
 " they managed the other part of the nego- 
 f tiation. The negotiators for peace were 
 *' not arrived in camp when we came away; 
 " but it is certain they arrived here the 25th 
 " December : they expected them in camp 
 " when we came away. Tippoo carried 
 *' his guns to the brink of the ditch -, he 
 " attempted ftorming twice, and was re- 
 <e pulfed with, great lofs -, they were fo 
 " clofe in fome places, that our people 
 " threw fourteen-inch fhells over the 
 " breaft-work out of their hands upon the 
 " French. The fea don't wafh the walls 
 (f of Mangalore. Two thoufand Europeans 
 <( have arrived from Europe laft year. Ge- 
 " neral Stewart commands at Madras. The 
 " firft battalion of Sepoys was taken at Na- 
 *' gram, but Captain Bowles went up to 
 " Bombay before they were taken. I am 
 " exceedingly obliged to you for your kind 
 " offer. I am not in want of cam at pre- 
 *' fent ; if I mould, I'll make bold to trou- 
 " ble you ; but we are all in expectation 
 " of being releafed in a few days, as we 
 " have been muftered twice, and our names 
 
 " taken
 
 l86 MEMOIRS OF T H X 
 
 1784. " taken to fend to Tippoo, in order for our 
 " enlargement. 
 
 *' Mr. King thanks you for your kind 
 " offer ; he is not in much want of cam as 
 " yet ; he has not -a grain of Tartar Erne 
 " tic, but can fend you fome Ipecacuana, 
 *' with fome Bark, if you mould want it." 
 February. 
 
 A fubfcription of twenty-eight fanams, in 
 order to requite the washerman for the let- 
 ters carried to and from Mr. Lilly. 
 
 * eb - Sent Captain Leech -a fupply of eighteen 
 fanams. 
 
 The fubfcriptions of late have come fo 
 heavy on us, that we are obliged to make 
 four dinners in the week of rice and ghee, 
 each dinner feven cam. 
 
 Two Sepoys who are at prefent attached 
 to our guard, have given us the melancholy 
 accounts of our brother-fufferers at Kaval 
 Drook. They fay that the Keeladar of Ka- 
 val
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. l8/ 
 
 ? al Drook received orders from the Bahadar 1784. 
 to difpatch the whole of them with poifon - y 
 that the Keeladar made no fecret, but ex- 
 plained his orders, and obferved, that unlefs 
 they were inftantly put in execution, his own 
 life would pay for his difobedience. The 
 firft he called politively refufed to tafle the 
 poifon. The Keeladar inflantly ordered fe- 
 veral Coffres to feize and tie him up to a 
 tamarind tree. After being moft feverely 
 flogged, he at laft confented to drink the 
 finifhing draught. Many others were flog- 
 ged and inhumanly treated, on account of 
 their oppofition. The Sepoys obferved, that 
 the fcenes of diftrefs, after the poifon began, 
 to operate, were beyond defcription ; fome 
 being perfectly infenfible, others thrown into 
 violent convulfions, and others employing 
 the few moments they had to live in com- 
 mitting themfelves to God, and in embrac- 
 ing and taking a laft farewell of their com- 
 panions and friends. Immediately after the 
 whole were difpatched, the armourers 
 knocked off their irons, and their bodies 
 were then thrown into a wood as a prey for 
 
 tygers. 
 
 Wrote
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. Wrote to Mr. Lilly, requeuing he would 
 
 Feb. 
 
 tion might prove fatal to us all. 
 
 be very circumfpecl: in writing, as a detec- 
 
 9. Report of Tippoo's having got pofleilion 
 of Mangalore by ftratagem : this has 
 damped our profpects, and diffufed gloomy 
 ideas in prifon. 
 
 Received fome medicine from Mr. 
 Lilly, brought by the wamerman, for 
 which we gave him two fanams. 
 
 March The whole of us ordered to fall in, in 
 order to be muflered by a Myar and a 
 Bramin : they fay that peace is broken 
 off, and that we are to be fent to Kaval 
 Drook. 
 
 &; In confequencc of yefterday's information 
 
 relative to our being fent to Kaval Drook, 
 the whole of us have feriouily and unani- 
 mouily determined to avail ourfelves of the 
 firft opportunity to make our efcape, by 
 murdering the whole of our guards, and fel- 
 ling every drop of blood as dear as poifible ; 
 
 being
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 189 
 
 being thoroughly convinced, that if we fub- 1784. 
 mit tamely, we mall, on our arrival at Kaval 
 Drook, be difpatched in the fame manner 
 as General Mathews's officers. 
 
 One of the circumcifed European boys 
 informed our fervants at the well this 
 morning, that peace is broken off. 
 
 Received the following letter from the 
 
 ru- -r 111 March 
 
 foldiers pnfon, written by a black man ; 7 . 
 the fame who had been interpreter to the 
 Keeladar of the above-mentioned particulars 
 refpecling the death of General Matthews. 
 
 " Since my arrival here, I have inflructed 
 " myfelf to learn Englifh from a fpelling- 
 " book which I purchafed from a European, 
 " which is now entirely broke to pieces; I 
 " therefore humbly beg the favour, if you 
 " have any book of any fort to fpare, to fend 
 " me by the bearer, that will be a means of 
 " my not lofing what little I have learned. I 
 " muft inform you, that my teacher, Serje- 
 f< ant Hillingfworth, departed this life about 
 " twelve months ago. The Europeans ta- 
 ** ken with Colonel Baillie join with me in 
 
 " their
 
 MEMOIRS OF t 
 
 1784. " their duty to you, and all their officer** 
 " Serjeant Brazier fends his duty to Cap- 
 " tains Mentieth and Wragg, and to inform 
 " them that there is himfelf and eleven pri- 
 " vates remaining here : Serjeant Macor- 
 *' mick deceafed the 29th of December, 
 < 1782. All the news we have is, that it 
 " is a peace, and that fome of our gentle- 
 " men is with the Nabob, and expected 
 " here daily. At about eight or nine 
 " months ago, a poor dircreffed European 
 * e woman, with a fine boy, and big with 
 " child, taken in Nagram, belonging to a 
 " ferjeant of grenadiers of the hundredth 
 " regiment ; iince which me has been de- 
 " livered of a girl : her allowance is one 
 " pice and one fear and a half of rice per 
 " day. About fix months ago twenty-feven 
 *' Europeans of the different regiments were 
 " taken on the Malabar coaft, and fent a-. 
 " mongfl us, which makes in all fixty-two 
 *' Europeans : our allowance is two pice 
 " and one fear of rice per day. 
 
 " VANKATACHELLIEM."
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 The guards acquaint us, that feveral black 1784. 
 prifoners have been taken out in the dead of 
 the night, and murdered, and that they feri- 
 oufly felt for our fituation. 
 
 In confequence of the miferable fituation 
 of the European woman and her two infants* 
 we have raifed with the utmoft difficulty 
 twenty gold fanams ; and at the fame time 
 have allured her, that we will on every oc- 
 caiion be ailifting. 
 
 At nine o'clock, P. M. Sid Abram, our 
 black Commandant, was by an order from 7 
 the Keeladar removed from our prifbn. 
 This truly good man was exceedingly affect- 
 ed at his being feparated from us, and fre- 
 quently requeued, that, whenever we mould 
 be enlarged, we would remember him to 
 his wife and mother ; as he never would 
 con fen t to enter into the barbarian's fervice, 
 which would of courfe prevent him from 
 ever feeing his family. 
 
 Sid Abram, with twelve other black of- 9. 
 ficers, taken prifoners fince the commence- 
 ment
 
 1 92 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. merit of the war, are all in irons, with the 
 daily allowance of three cam and one fear of 
 raggee. 
 
 One of our gentlemen alarmed us all ex- 
 ceedingly by a fit of infanity, during which 
 he raved on the fubje<5fo that mofl concerned 
 us all, and that were uppermoft in our 
 minds. He had been afflicted with feveral 
 fits before this time ; but we always endea- 
 voured to conceal his fituation from the 
 Havaldar of the guard, being apprehen- 
 iive that he would have him removed from 
 our prifon to fome place of confinement, 
 which folitude, and perhaps other circum- 
 ftances, might render ftill more difmal. 
 This day, however, he was extremely ill : 
 and made repeated application to the Ha- 
 valdar to have an interview with the Keela- 
 dar, to whom, he faid, he had fomething to 
 communicate of the laft importance. This 
 alarmed us exceedingly : for when we re- 
 flected on the conftant fears of the barbari- 
 ans, left we mould make our efcape either 
 by force or fraud, or find means of commu- 
 nicating fome ufeful intelligence to our\ 
 
 countrymen,
 
 tATE WAk I tf ASIA. 
 
 countrymen, and at the fame time confidered 1784. 
 that fo many of our officers, fbldiersj and 
 Sepoys, had been ilaughtered in cold blood 
 by the fword, or forced to die by poifon ; 
 there was not a doubt that the difcovery of 
 our utenfils, our correfpondence with the 
 other prifons, and fofne parts of our con- 
 verfation, would be followed by certain and 
 fpeedy death. We judged it expedient, in 
 the prefent extremity, however much againit 
 OUr inclinations, to acquaint the Havaldar 
 that he was really infane. This the Haval- 
 dar would not believe ; but affirmed that 
 we all of us told lies, as he concluded, he 
 faid, from the circumftarice that the gentle- 
 man difcoiirfed to him with perfect reafon 
 and propriety. The infane perfon, unfor- 
 tunately for us, fpoke the Mahomedan lan- 
 guage with great fluency : if he had not, we 
 could haVe told Our Own ftory. 
 
 We endeavoured to reafbn with the Ha- 
 valdar, and mentioned many particulars in 
 our own vindication, in vain. We' then rer- 
 qucfted that our fervants might be called, 
 and examined whether they had not fr'd- 
 VOL. II, N quently
 
 I 04 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. quently perceived him iaa ftate of infanityv 
 before this time. They were accordingly 
 called, and they confirmed every thing that 
 we had faid. The Havaldar then faid, that 
 he believed there was fome truth in what, 
 we had afferted, but that he muft make a 
 report of what had happened. We en- 
 treated of him to make as favourable an one 
 as poflible, as we would be exceedingly 
 happy, if our fellow-officer, though unhap- 
 pily difordered in his underllanding, mould 
 be removed from us. 
 
 The Havaldar requefted, and infifted with 
 him to declare what he had to fay. But 
 this he refufed to do, again and again, fay- 
 ing that he would not communicate the 
 important bufmefs to any other perfon than 
 the Keeladar, and that he would be reven- 
 ged on the whok of us, as we were a fet 
 of villains and rafcals, and that we had 
 made many attempts to poifon him. In fact, 
 he had frequently entertained ideas of this 
 kind, and would often attend and overlook 
 the fervants while they were employed in 
 dreffing the victuals. It was fortunate for 
 
 us,
 
 LATE WAR IN A S t A. 
 
 Us, and the circumftance, beyond all doubt, 
 which, under Providence, faved our lives, 
 that his madnefs turned upon poifon, and 
 not upon our having papers, journals, 
 knives, fcilTars, and other things concealed, 
 and, above all, on our fecret correfpondence 
 with the other prifons. 
 
 Several gentlemen endeavoured to reafon 
 With this unhappy man, to no purpofe* 
 In the courfe of the evening the Havaldar 
 waited on the Keeladar to acquaint him 
 that an Engliih officer, in one of the pri- 
 fons, wifhed anxioufly to fee him, having 
 fomething to communicate to him of the 
 greateft confequence. The Havalder was 
 defired to come again to the Keeladar next 
 morning* 
 
 From the time that the iniane perfon ap- 
 plied to the Havaldar, we were bufily em- 
 ployed in burning papers, digging holes in 
 the ground in which we might hide things, 
 and in putting things under the tyles of the 
 prifon, until we mould have an opportunity 
 of burning them afterwards. During the 
 N 2 courfe
 
 196 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. courfe of the evening we burned upwards 
 of one hundred fheets of paper, which we 
 had got in by ftealth, in order to amufe 
 ourfelves by learning different languages *. 
 The people who brought in thefe things 
 for us, were equally alarmed with us, and 
 dreaded the fatal confequences of a dif- 
 covery. 
 
 The infane perfon, with a pair of irons 
 of about eight pounds in weight, began to 
 walk about in the prifon at five o'clock in 
 the evening, and continued to walk, at a 
 great pace, without ceafing, till two o'clock 
 in the morning, raving all the while, and 
 vowing vengeance againfr, all his fellow-pri-* 
 foners. The ftate of our minds, on that 
 horrible night, is not to be defcribed. It 
 was propofed at one time to put him in- 
 ftantly to death, and, by that facriflce, to 
 
 * In Hindoftan the children of the common people are 
 taught reading and arithmetic in the open air : and they 
 learn to diftinguim the letters and figures they ufe by form- 
 ing them with their own hands, either in the fand or on 
 board?. Others form their figures, letter*, words, and fen- 
 tences, on paper. 
 
 fave
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 197 
 
 fave the lives of the whole. But kind Pro- 
 vidence faved him from that fate, and us 
 from that fatal deed, 
 
 At laft the wimed-for morning came, 
 and about eight o'clock the Havaldar was 
 announced. Our emotions were now 
 wrought up to the higheft point of anxiety 
 and fufpence. The Havaldar, coming for- 
 ward into the prifori-yard, called out for the 
 infane gentleman. The queftion on which 
 our fafety or our deftruclion now hung in 
 fufpence, was, Is the infane perfon to be- 
 carried before the Keeladar or no ? Our joy 
 was extreme when we heard the Havaldar 
 tell him, that if he had any thing to fay, 
 the Keeladar had ordered that he mould 
 mention it to him. Yet flill there was 
 reafon to apprehend that he might make 
 fuch difcoveries as the Havaldar could not 
 pafs over, though he was naturally humane, 
 had taken a prefent, and was inclined to 
 fave us. We therefore, during the conver- 
 fation which he held with the Havaldar, 
 crowded around him, fpoke in a threaten- 
 ing tone of voice, ufed menacing looks and 
 N 3 geftures,
 
 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1-84. g e ^ ures ' an d did every thing to embarrafs 
 him, and excite his madnefs. To the Ha- 
 valdar, who repeatedly put the queftion, 
 What have you to difcover ? he conftantly 
 replied, that he would not reveal it but to 
 the Havaldar, and poured forth at the fame 
 time indefinite reproaches of murderous in- 
 tentions towards himfelf againfb his fellow- 
 prifoners. The Havaldar then told him 
 that he was a fool, and deiired that he 
 would go about his bulinefs, meaning that 
 he mould retire to his cell. 
 
 We then requefled of the Havaldar, that 
 when he mould be relieved, he would report 
 to the commanding officer who mould fuc- 
 ceed him, the infanity of our fellow-prifo- 
 ner. If we had ufed this precaution at firfr, 
 we might have avoided this dreadful fcene. 
 But we had companion on the infirmity of 
 this poor man, which was brought on by 
 long confinement, lownefs of fpirits, and 
 the melancholy profpecl: of death, or perpe- 
 tual flavery. 
 
 We
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 199 
 
 We felt as much joy at being freed from 1784. 
 this dangerous embarrafTment, as if we had 
 been fet at entire liberty. The infane per- 
 fon had in his polTeffion copies of many let- 
 ters, with papers, knives, and other contra- 
 band things. Thefe we wiihed above all 
 things to get out of his hands. And, after 
 this violent fit of infanity, he fortunately re- 
 covered fo far, in the courfe of a few days, 
 as to be reafoned into the propriety of giv- 
 ing up or deftroying thefe fufpicious articles. 
 He behaved pretty well during the re- 
 mainder of our confinement. He is now 
 on half-pay. 
 
 A current report that peace is broken off, 
 and that our ambafTadors have embarked for 
 Tellicherry. 
 
 Raifed by public fubfcription twenty- 
 eight fanams, which we have fent by a 
 trufty hand to our good friend Sid Abram. 
 
 Sid Abram acknowledges the" receipt of 
 the money, and is very thankful. 
 
 * . 
 
 N 4 For
 
 2O0 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. For thefe four preceding nights, many 
 black prifoners have been murdered, and a 
 report at prefent prevails, that they intend 
 vifiting our prifon for the fame end. 
 
 We are informed that the draught which 
 was adminiftered to General Matthews's 
 officers, to the number of twenty, was the 
 milk of the cocoa- tree. We learned after- 
 wards, from undoubted authority, that 
 Lieutenant Mathews of the Bengal efla- 
 blifhment, brother to General Mathews, 
 and Lieutenant Weldon of die Bombay e- 
 ftablifhment, were, by orders of Tippoo, 
 taken out of the fort at Bednore, at ten 
 o'clock at night, carried to the Jungul, a 
 place over-grown with long grafs and unr 
 derwood, and there cut to pieces: of which 
 the officers confined at Bednore received the 
 moft certain accounts the next morning, 
 \yhen the clothes of thefe unfortunate vic T 
 tims were brought to them for fale. Di- 
 rections had in facT: been fent by the Sultan 
 to murder all the Englifh officers in the 
 different prifons in his dominions, who 
 would not enter into his fervice : but intel- 
 ligence
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 
 
 ligence being received that the cornmiffion- 
 ers for negotiating the treaty of peace had 
 fet out for Madras, thefe bloody orders were 
 countermanded, 
 
 The following is a lift of the officers 
 who were poifoned with General Mathews, 
 
 Kings Officers. 
 
 Captain Dougald Campbell, of the 9 8th 
 
 regiment. 
 
 Captain Alfton, of the looth regiment. 
 Captain Fim, ditto. 
 Mr. Gifford, furgeon's affiftant, ditto. 
 
 Company 's Eftablifhment at Bombay. 
 
 Brigadier- General Mathews. 
 Lieutenant Young, Brigade-major. 
 Major Fewtrill. 
 Captain Clift. 
 Captain Gottick. 
 Lieutenant Barn well. 
 Captain Jackfon, artillery. 
 Lieutenant Olivier, ditto. 
 Captain Richardfon, 3d battalion Sepoys. 
 
 Captain
 
 202 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 ,$784. Captain Eames, 5th battalion Sepoys. 
 Captain Lendrum, nth ditto. 
 Captain M'Culloch, 1 5th ditto. 
 Charles Stewart, Efqj CommifTary. 
 Charles Cheek, Efq; deputy ditto. 
 
 From the foldiers prifon. 
 
 " On the 27th Odober the Keeladar fent 
 " forVankatachelliem, our linguift, and told 
 " him to acquaint us all that the Nabob 
 " and Company had made peace, and that 
 " we would foon be fent to Madras. The 
 " whole of us at that time were hand-cuf- 
 " fed two and two together. Soon after the 
 " Keeladar came into the prifon, and or- 
 " dered the hand- cuffs to be taken off. We 
 " were mut up together at that time about 
 " twelve o'clock at night, and remained fo 
 " forty days. About four months ago in the 
 " dead of night, we received the fecond alarm 
 " of that kind. We were hand-cuffed iingly, 
 " both hands, fince which the Bramin has 
 " been four different times to enquire for 
 " mechanicks, taken all our names down, 
 " our pay, batta, and rank, in the -Com- 
 
 " pany's
 
 t< 
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 203 
 
 pany's fervice, which makes us all 1784. 
 very uneafy, as we cannot imagine 
 what they want to do with us : another 
 frefh alarm that there has been a num- 
 ber of black prifoners taken and maffa- 
 cred, which is tranfadted every night. 
 We hear that a Commandant and fome 
 Sepoys belonging to Colonel Braith- 
 waite's detachment have fuffered the 
 above fate." 
 
 A letter from Colonel Braithwaite ac- March 
 knowledging the receipt of feventeen fa- l8 - 
 nams for the ufe of Captain Leech. 
 
 Sent Captain Leech a fupply of eighteen 19. 
 fanams. The Subadars who were confined 
 with him, as alfo General Mathews's fer- 
 vant, are removed. 
 
 Ten o'clock, P. M. viiited by the Myar 22. 
 and a Bramin, who ordered Captains Baird, 
 Menteith,andLindjfey's irons to be knocked 
 of Thefe gentlemen were removed from 
 our prifon under the charge of one Ha- 
 valdar and two Sepoys. 
 
 Three
 
 : 
 
 2Q4 MEMQIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. Three o'clock, P. M. the Havaldar re- 
 March turns and acquaints us, that the three gen- 
 tlemen are at prefent with Colonel Braith- 
 waite : that they were removed to him in 
 confequence of peace, and that we mould 
 in all probability have our irons knocked off 
 in a day or two, and be fent to Madras. 
 Little credit is given by us to this piece of 
 information, having been fo frequently difap- 
 pointed before; and we are very uneafy, and 
 apprehenfive that they intend very unfair 
 means with Colonel Braithwaite, and indeed 
 the whole of us, as reports have been current 
 for many days, that Tippoo Saib intends 
 murdering the whole of the European pri- 
 foners. 
 
 While we were in this gloomy flate of 
 mind, and ready to fink under the prellure 
 of melancholy and black defpair ; behold, 
 within the walls of our difmal dungeon, a 
 Bramin fent from Tippoo Sultan, with a 
 formal intimation of the final conclufion of 
 peace ! And that our irons were to be' 
 knocked off next day. The emotions that 
 fprung up in our breafts on receiving this 
 
 intelli-
 
 LATE WAR IN A S I Ai *0 
 
 intelligence, were fo flrong and lively, and 1784* 
 raifed to fuch a point of elevation and excefs, 
 as almoft bordered on pain ! We gave vent 
 to the ardour of our minds in the loudefl as 
 well as moil irregular and extravagant ex- 
 preffions of congratulations . The whole pri- 
 fon refounded with the frantic voice of fud- 
 den as well as excefTive joy and exultation* 
 This tumult having in fome degree fubiided, 
 though we were incapable of entire compo- 
 fure and reft, a propofal Was made, and moft 
 readily embraced, to collect all the ready mo- 
 ney in our pofTeffion, without theleafl regard 
 to equal mares or proportions, and to cele-* > 
 brate the joyful news of our approaching de- 
 liverence with fome plantain fritters, and 
 merbet; the only articles of luxury we could 
 then command, on account of our extreme 
 poverty. By nine o'clock at night, fupper 
 was announced, conh'iling of iixty dozen 
 of plantains, and a large chatty of fherbet. 
 Every one being feated on the ground, the 
 repafl was received with the utmofl content 
 and Satisfaction. Friends and toafls were 
 drank, as long as our chatty flood out ; and 
 fuch was the agitation of our minds, that 
 there was not one of us who felt the leaft 
 (Vol. 2.) incli-
 
 206 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. inclination, or indeed who poffeffed the 
 power to compofe himfelf for fleep. We 
 now waited with the utmoft impatience 
 for the return of day and were impreffed 
 with a ftrong defire that our irons might be 
 knocked off immediately ; but, to our great 
 mortification, about feven in the morning, 
 there arrived only one armourer. Every 
 one ftruggled to have his fetters knocked 
 off firft. Promifes, threats, buttling and 
 joftlingj every expedient that could be im- 
 agined was put in practice, in order to ob- 
 tain that which would come unfought 
 for, in the courfe of a few minutes, or hours 
 at fur theft. The fame men who had fuffered 
 the rigours of imprifonment, and the mena- 
 ces of a barbarous policy, with invincible 
 refolution and patience, as well as with 
 mutual fympa thy and complaifance, for years, 
 were fo tranlported by the near profpect of 
 liberty, that the delay of a few moments, 
 feemed now to be more infupportable than 
 even the tedious languor of our long, 
 moft alarming, and anxious confinement. 
 Between two and three in the afternoon, 
 our irons were all knocked off, and then we 
 were conducted, under the charge of a guard, 
 
 to
 
 X, A T E WAR IN ASIA. 205* 
 
 to the Keeladar. In croffing the parade to 1784. 
 Hyder's palace, feveral European boys, in 
 the Mahomedan drefs, who had been forci- 
 bly circumcifed, came near to us, imploring 
 our affiftance in a moft diftrefsful manner. 
 The only confolation we could give them, 
 was, to afTure them, that whenever we arriv- 
 ed at Madras, their melancholy fituation 
 mould be faithfully and feelingly defcribed 
 to the Governor, in order to procure their 
 enlargement. We now were brought before 
 the Keeladar, who was lodged in Hyder's 
 palace, and fat in a veranda, furrounded by 
 his guards. Our names being taken down, 
 with our rank and other circumftances, we 
 were conducted to Colonel Braithwaite's 
 prifon, where we found the Colonel, Cap- 
 tains Baird, Lindfey, Menteith, and Enfign, 
 Holmes : here we remained feveral hours, 
 and were, in a moft friendly manner, fupplied 
 by thefe gentlemen with money, which gave 
 % u.s an opportunity of rewarding thofe good 
 men who had at different times been on our 
 guard. Towards the clofe of the evening, 
 after the foldiers and black prifoners were 
 collected, we moved off from the fort to 
 jSoonaner-Pettah, a village diilant about two 
 
 miles,
 
 MEMOIRS F THE 
 
 1784, miles. On our arrival at the Choultry of this 
 place, we had an opportunity of converfmg 
 with our foldiers.- Their marks of affection, 
 refpect, and joy, at meeting with their officers^ 
 after fo long a feparation, were not lefs fincer^ 
 than extravagant. The fight of the country, 
 the fair face of nature in a rich and delicious 
 climate, from which we had been fo long ex- 
 cluded, excited in our minds the molt various 
 and pleafmg emotions, and ftruck us with all 
 the force of novelty. At the fame time, it 
 may not be thought unimportant to obferve* 
 that we had loft, in fome degree, that intui- 
 tive difcernment of the magnitude and rela- 
 tions of objects, which is the effect of ex- 
 perience, habit, and the affociation of ideas. 
 At Soomner Pettah we were indulged with 
 permiffion to walk about in the Buzar, and 
 to bathe in the river, a moil delicious as well 
 as falutary refrefhment. Every object, and 
 every recreation, became now a fource of ex- 
 quifite fatisfaction and delight > all that fa- 
 tiety, and indifference to the bounty of na- 
 ture, which arifes from undifturbed poiTef- 
 fion, and perhaps ftill more from vkious ha- 
 bits, being effectually overcome and deftroyed 
 by the painful purification of months, added 
 
 to
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 07 
 
 to months, in a fucceflion that threatened 1784, 
 to terminate either in perpetual ilavery or 
 death. 
 
 Having received no allowance of rice, or 
 the three pice, for the preceding day, we 
 afked for fome victuals ; and fome hours af- 
 ter, a feer of rice, and three pice, was deli- 
 vered to each perfon. We were amazed, 
 and did not know how to account for the 
 neglect of our pittance ; for as peace was 
 concluded, we naturally imagined our al- 
 lowance would rather have been augmented 
 than curtailed; but on making enquiry into 
 the caufe, we were told that the commirli- 
 oners of Madras, employed in negotiating the 
 treaty, had flipulated no kind of provifion for 
 us ; and that the Nabob had fent orders to 
 furnifh us with juft as much as would keep 
 us from flarving, and no more* 
 
 Though our irons were knocked off, it 
 was a long time before we recovered the 
 entire ufe of our limbs, and learned to walk 
 with perfect freedom : never was the in- 
 veterate power of habit more forcibly dif- 
 
 played
 
 2o8 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. played than on this ocean" on. We coulcf 
 never get the idea of our being in fetters 
 out of our heads. No effort of our mind?, 
 no aft of volition, could, for feveral days, 
 overcome the habit of making the mort 
 and conftrained fteps to which we had beerf 
 fo long accuilomed. Our crippled manner 
 of walking was a fubject of laughter to our- 
 felves a-s well as to others. 
 
 March On the 25th of March, doolies having 
 been provided for the fick, and a few bad 
 horfes, we began our march to Vellore, 
 the place agreed on by the treaty for the 
 delivering up of the Britim prifoners, guard- 
 ed by an efcort of one hundred cavalry and 
 five hundred infantry, under the command 
 of a native commandant. 
 
 April On the 1 5th of April we arrived at Oof- 
 cottah, a fortrefs fituated eighteen miles 
 eaftward of Bangalore, and lixty miles dif- 
 tant from the pafs into the Carnatic. Here 
 the whole of the v Britiih prifoners, who had 
 been taken at the battle of Tricoallum, or 
 of Perambaukum near Conjeveram, and at 
 
 Bcdnore,
 
 LATE WAR IN. ASIA. 209 
 
 Bednore, were aflernbled together. Their 1784.* 
 number amounted nearly to one hundred 
 and eighty officers, nine hundred European 
 foldiers, and fixteen hundred Sepoys, be- 
 fides fome hundreds of fervants of different 
 carles and occupations. The officers who 
 had been confined at Bangalore, having re- 
 ceived frequent fupplies of cah from Ma- 
 dras, had it in their power to lupply us, as 
 well as the gentlemen from Bednore, with 
 many articles of which we itood greatly in 
 need. This many of them did, maring- 
 their clothes and money with fuch of their 
 brother-officers and fellow-foldiers as moffc 
 wanted their affiilance* 
 
 On communicating to each other our 
 reflective fufferings, it appeared that {he 
 officers who were left wounded at Bednore^ 
 were much better ufed than at any other 
 place. They were permitted to keep all 
 their clothes, doolies* cots, chairs, tables, 
 knives forks, and other articles ; They 
 were indulged with the free ufe of pen, ink, 
 and paper. A certain part of the rampart, 
 including two towers, was given up to 
 
 VOL, II. O them,
 
 210 M-EMOIRS OF THE 
 
 1784. them, in which they were at liberty to 
 range about at pleafure. Their fervants 
 were permitted to go into the Buzar to 
 purchafe whatever they chofe to fend for, 
 though their daily allowance was only one 
 feer of rice, and one pice to each. They 
 were allowed a French furgeon to attend 
 them -, and when they recovered of their 
 wounds they were not put in irons. 
 
 Enfign Manly, of the Bombay eftablifh- 
 ment, who had been taken in a fally at 
 Mangalore, was fent to Bednore, and there 
 confined in the fame prifon with fome Se- 
 poys, with no other allowance than one pice 
 per day, and a feer of raggee. 
 
 The officers who were confined at Dar- 
 waur, a fort near Goa, were lodged with the 
 private men, upon the fame allowance 
 with the other officers who were in prifon 
 at Bednore: but they were afterwards re- 
 moved to Simoga, where they were kept 
 on a feer of raggee and one pice each a 
 day. -Their irons were connected together 
 by a ftraight bar, in fuch a manner* that the 
 
 unfortunate
 
 t A T E WAR IN A S I A." 21 i 
 
 Unfortunate prifoners could neither expand 1784, 
 their legs nor contract them; 
 
 The gentlemen confined at Bangalore 
 were not Only permitted to purchafe every 
 article they wanted, but, during the latter' 
 sart of their confinement, they were allowed 
 :o vifit each other in their different prifons. 
 The private Europeans alfo received diffe- 
 rent treatment, in the different parts of the 
 country in which they were imprilbned. 
 The Sepoys were treated with equal feverity 
 every where. 
 
 Four days before the Bf itifh officers were 
 removed from Bednore, all the Command- 
 ants, Subadars, and Jemmidars, of the Bom- 
 bay erlabliihmentj who had been taken pri- 
 foners by Tippoo Sultan Bahadar, were, by 
 his orders, removed from thence; and have 
 not lince been heard of, It is but too ealy 
 to conjecture the fate of thofe unfortunate' 
 men, when we reflect that he had repeat- 
 edly threatened to put them to death for re- 
 fufing to enter into his fervice, and on the 
 melancholy examples exhibited of the cer- 
 O 2 tamty
 
 212 MEMOIRS OF THE 
 
 J7 8 4 . tainty and rigour with which his blood] 
 menaces were carried into execution*. 
 
 April , Lieutenant Dallas, who had been ap 
 pointed by the commiffioners for peace to 
 receive the prifoners, with a detachment of 
 the Madras cavalry, and two companies of 
 Sepoys, difmounting his horfemen, andfup- 
 plying as many officers as he could- with 
 horfes, the whole of the prifoners, efcorted 
 by a fmall guard of the Sultan's, began their 
 march towards Vellore, at which place we 
 all of us arrived on the 25th of April, 1784. 
 Beem Row, a Bramin, whom Tippoo Sul- 
 tan had appointed to conduct the prifoners 
 from Oofcottah to the confines of the Car- 
 natic, received from Mr. Dallas a receipt for 
 all the prifoners whom the Sultan had deli- 
 vered up. On this, we were reftored to 
 liberty, the value of which we had been 
 taught to eftimate by a long and painful 
 confinement. 
 
 We look back, now, to the days of our 
 captivity, with a kind of melancholy fatis- 
 
 * For an account of the fituation am! fufferings of the 
 prifoners at Bedndre, before their arrival at Ooi'cottali, fee 
 Appendix, B. 
 
 fa&ion,
 
 LATE WAR IN ASIA. 2Ij 
 
 faction, compofed of a thoufand mixed emo- 1784. 
 tions not to be defcribed : but -which.- are 
 always deeply tinctured with admiration an4 
 gratitude to Mr. Hailings, to whofe magna- 
 nimous exertions we were indebted for our 
 refloration to liberty, and prefervation from 
 death^ and the reports of whofe tranfcend- 
 ent talents and virtues, gloriouily diiplayed 
 under accumulated difficulties, now and then 
 diffufed a gjeam of hope through the hor- 
 rors of hard confinement. 
 
 Our fituation, in prifon among the barb&- 
 rians, is recalled to our remembrance in a 
 lively and accurate manner, by a long that 
 was made by Lieutenant Thewlis, a very en- 
 gaging and accomplished youth, now, alas ! 
 deceafed, confined with us in one of the jails 
 of Seringapatam, as alfo by a poem compofed 
 on the profpecl of liberty, by an officer under 
 confinement at Bangalore.- Thefe pieces, 
 > with a ftatement of fome particulars rela- 
 'tive to the mode and expence of living in 
 jail among our late enemies in the penin- 
 fula of Hindoflan, and a view of our prifon 
 in Seringapatam, are fubjoined to this jour- 
 nal in an appendix. 
 
 O 3 APPEN-
 
 I 214 ] 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 A. 
 
 A Defcrtption of an Eaftern Haram* 
 By an Englifh Officer. 
 
 Jr\.S the fubjecl: of the eaftern Harams na- 
 turally excites curiofity in Europeans, tl 
 author of this journal may, perhaps, gratii 
 fome of his readers by the following floi 
 of the truth of which he is perfectly cei 
 tain : although, the parties concerned in id 
 being ftill alive, it would be improper tqj 
 mention names, or to be particular as tod 
 dates or places. 
 
 On the conclufipn'of the late war in In-j 
 4ia, a certain officer appointed to colleclJ 
 the revenue in a diftrid; dependent on thej 
 Company, became acquainted with thei 
 
 Governor
 
 APPENDIX., 
 
 Governor or head-man of a town and ter^ 
 ritory belonging to it, who held that ftation 
 in the name of the fovereign prince, whufe 
 court was eftablimed in another part of the 
 country. This delegated power he had 
 fwayed for a long courfe of years, with ad- 
 vantage indeed to himfelf, but without 
 oppreffing the people. A report had been 
 fpread that he had become exorbitantly 
 rich: in confequence of which, the prince 
 his mailer, agreeably to the manner of 
 eaflern defpots, recalled him from his go- 
 vernment to the city where he had fixed 
 his throne, that he might plunder him of 
 the wealth which he had acquired among- 
 his diflant fubjedts. 
 
 The Governor, having received orders 
 to return home, was ftruck with all thofe 
 apprehenfions which trouble and diffract 
 the deputies of Afiatic chiefs and princes 
 in fimilar fituations. To conciliate the 
 favour of the tyrant by prefents, to pacify 
 him by a liberal mare of the fpoil, is 
 the meafure which prudence naturally dic-i 
 tatcs to the viceroy, who cannot appeal 
 4 to
 
 A P P E N D I X. 
 
 784. to any other law than the will of his 
 foyereign. But nothing lefs than the 
 whole is commonly found fufficient to 
 gratify the rapacity of the prince himfelf, or 
 thole that are about his perfon. Nay the 
 whole is not always enough to redeem the 
 porTeffor from imprifonment, torture, and 
 death. For fame exaggerates the utmoft 
 amount of his fortune. The more he gives, 
 the greater the ftore is fuppofed to be from 
 which he gives it. A conliderable hoard is 
 {till thought to remain: and, in order to 
 wreft this imaginary treafure from the hands 
 of the miferable owner, every inftrument of 
 terror is employed that cruel ingenioufnefs 
 can devife. 
 
 The perfon whofe hiftory has given oc- 
 ean* on, at prefent, to thefe obfervations, 
 was fully aware of the extreme danger of 
 his fituation ; and, in the anxiety of his 
 mind, communicated what had happened 
 to him to the Englim officer above-men- 
 tioned. This gentleman, touched with 
 his diftrefies, and fenfible that he would 
 rifque all that was defirable or dear to man, 
 
 if
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 if he mould return to his mailer -, under- 
 took to reprefent his cafe to the prefidency of 
 
 , and at the fame time to make them 
 
 fully fenilble how well he deferved of the 
 Englifh, to whofe interefts, indeed, he had 
 fhewn an uniform attachment. This the 
 officer did without delay, and comforted the 
 Governor with the hope of the Company's 
 protection. This was, in fact, readily 
 granted. The Governor was invited with- 
 in the boundaries of the prefidency's jurif- 
 tiiction, with affurances of perfect fecurity 
 to his property, and fafety to his perfon. 
 
 Upon this he moved off with his family, 
 his furniture, and his wealth, carried on a 
 number of elephants, to the town of -r- -, 
 where he now resides, 
 
 To the officer who had been the means 
 of procuring him this alylum, he was anxi- 
 ous tP mew his gratitude by all poffible 
 marks of affection, efteem, and confidence. 
 He declared, that, notwithstanding the dif- 
 ference of their religions, he could not help 
 eonfidering the officer as of kin to his fami-
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ly, of which, under God, the common Fa- 
 ther of mankind y (that was his expreffion) 
 he had .been the Saviour. As the utmofi 
 mark of confidence and favour he could be- 
 ftow, he invited the Englim gentleman to 
 his Haram, that he might prefent him. to 
 his wives and family. The gentleman was 
 very well pleaied with this invitation : but 
 he obferved, fmiling, that this favour would 
 be a trefpafs agamic the laws and cuftoms 
 of his religion, which was the Mahomedan. 
 The generous Muliulman faid, that there 
 was. no reafon why all the world thould be 
 made acquainted with what palled between 
 them : and, for the act itfelf, if he confi- 
 dered it as a deviation from duty in any de- 
 gree, he feemed to think it a very venial and 
 light one. 
 
 Upon a certain day, then, at an appoint- 
 ed hour in the forenoon, the officer went to 
 vint his friend, who received him in a large 
 veftibule, attended by a numerous train of 
 fervants . He was conducted, by a fpacious 
 and elegant flair- cafe, to a gallery that led 
 to the women's apartments, called the Ha-
 
 A P P E N D I X. 219 
 
 , and alfo, in the Gentoo language, the 
 Zenana, which look into a fpacious garden, 
 where the ladies occasionally take the benefit 
 of the frefh air, enclofed with high walls. In 
 certain apartments, at either end of this gal- 
 - lery, there were feyeral females whofe bufmefs 
 it was to wait on the ladies of the Haram. As 
 foon as the Englifh officer entered within the 
 hall, or what refembled a fpacious drawing 
 room, the whole of the ladies rofe up from 
 the rich carpet on which they reclined on 
 cumions of the fmeil crimfon velvet, and in>- 
 jclining their heads towards the ground, paid 
 him the compliment of the falam with in- 
 expreffible benignity and grace. Four of 
 thefe ladies, diilinguifhed by the richnefs of 
 their apparel, and the eafe and dignity of 
 their mien, were in the rank of wives ; one 
 of whom feemed to exercife a fpecies of au- 
 thority, to which the others paid a ready 
 and cheerful deference. The other girls, 
 to the number of ten or twelve, ferved as 
 concubines to their matter, and in fome re- 
 fpects as handmaids to their miftrerTes. 
 They were all of them, thofe efpecially who 
 were in the honoured rank of wives, and 
 
 defcended
 
 220 APPENDIX. 
 
 defcended from good families, very great 
 beauties. They were well drefied and high- 
 ly perfumed : but the exquiiite comelinefs 
 and elegance of the wives was fet off and 
 heightened with coftly jewels, which adorn- 
 ed their ears and necks, and arms and ancles, 
 and were fluck in their thick and long black 
 hair, which was braided and turned back in 
 the moft graceful manri'er. 
 
 They were aware that this itranger was 
 to be introduced. They had been informed 
 of what he had done for the family, and it 
 was, perhaps, in compliance with their fo- 
 licitations that he was admitted to their 
 apartments : for, like other females, as af- 
 terwards appeared, they pofleiled great curi- 
 ofity ; and they had never, probably, feen, 
 and certainly never before been prefent and 
 converfed with a native of Europe ; yet, 
 they were not in the leaft abamed or con- 
 ftrained in their deportment. They were 
 perfectly at their eafe, and behaved with 
 great attention and complaifance to the En- 
 glimman, as well as with complacency to- 
 wards each other. They invited him, after 
 
 he
 
 APPENDIX^ Z2t 
 
 he was feated on a kind of low fopha^ to 
 partake of a collation, confirming of various 
 delicacies, prefented from time to time by 
 female flaves, who did net feem to be un- 
 der the influence of any fear or awe, but 
 were, on the contray, as well as the ladies 
 who were their miftreiles, though refpecl:- 
 ful and fubmimve, unconstrained and cneer- 
 ful. 
 
 The ladies of the Haram, and efpecuilly 
 thofein the rank of wives, were very inqui- 
 fitive concerning the people, the cuftoms, 
 and manners of the Feringees * ; and efpe- 
 cially of the Feringee ladies. One of them 
 alked if England was a large country, andl 
 how many gates it had. This was a na- 
 tural enough queftion : for what could me 
 reafon but from what me knew ? The only 
 fpot of ground with which me was at all 
 acquainted, was the garden adjoining to the 
 Haram, or, at moil, the town in which 
 me had formerly, or that in which me 
 now refided. 
 
 * White people, or Europeans. 
 
 Another
 
 222: APPENDIX, 
 
 Another afked him, if it was true thaf 
 the ladies in his country went openly in thd 
 ftreets, and into the mofques, without veils, 
 and in the company of the men : and an- 
 other, whether the men were confined, by 
 the law, to one wife. Many other quefti- 
 ons were put concerning European manners' 
 and cuftoms. The anfwers that were given 
 to thefe by the Englifh officer, appeared fo' 
 improbable to the ladiesy that one of them, 
 who feemed either to poffefs, or to affect 
 greater penetration than the reft,' whifpered 
 to one that flood by her, that fhe was afraid 
 that their proteBor y the title with which 
 they honoured the gentleman, was telling 
 a ilory. 
 
 The mafter of the houfe, the cammoii 
 hufband of all the ladies, who fat by them 
 all the while fmoaking his hooker, laughed 
 very heartily both at their curiofity and their 
 unbelief. 
 
 It is eafy to conjecture that the wives and 
 concubines of this Mahomedan chief were 
 not fo much diflinguimed as many of our 
 
 Englilhf
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 Englifli ladies, by a tafte and proficiency in 
 literature. Many of the higher ranks a- 
 mong the Moors, even princes and princef- 
 fcs, can neither read nor write. Yet they 
 cannot be faid to be wholly uncultivated by 
 letters. Their fervants or flaves, both male 
 and female, inftructed in the arts of read- 
 ing, writing, and arithmetic, fupply the 
 want of thefe accomplimments to their 
 lords and ladies, too indolent, or barbarou 
 ly proud, to fubmit themfelves to any oc- 
 cupation that bears the femblance of appli- 
 cation and trouble. The ladies of the Ha- 
 ram that is the fubject of thefe notes, I 
 underftood, on enquiry, were frequently en- 
 tertained by fongs, and moft extravagant 
 tales, in the oriental manner, fuch as the 
 Arabian Nights Entertainments, read to 
 them by their handmaidens. In this coun- 
 try the fyftem of the late Lord Chefterfield, 
 who confidered it as below a gentleman to 
 pradlife on any mufical inflrument, is car- 
 ried to its full extent and completion : for 
 there the fine gentlemen and ladies avoid 
 the labour of mufical execution, and of arts 
 and fciences of every kind. 
 
 As
 
 224 APPENDIX* 
 
 1784. As the Hindoo ladies receive the benefit 
 of books without the faculty of reading, 
 lo they alfo enjoy the pleafures of mufic and 
 dancing, without the trouble of taking an 
 active part in either. I wonder, fays an 
 Hindoo to an European who walks a minu- 
 et at a ball, that you fhould take the trouble 
 to dance, when you have, or may have, 
 fb many fervants to dance for you. Cli- 
 mate influences every human paffion, dif- 
 pofition and fentiment, nay, and perhaps 
 fome of our fpeculative and moft abflracted 
 opinions. The Supreme Being, according 
 to the Platonic philosophy, the product of 
 an indolent climate, acted by a Demiurgus; 
 And in Earth, as well as in Heaven, every 
 thing,- under an enervating climate, is done 
 by deputation t It is to climate, and that 
 defpotifm to which climate gives birth ; 
 that we are to trace thofe ideas of predefti- 
 nation and irreiijlible fate which prevail in 
 Afia, ' and prepare the mind for an acqui- 
 cfcence in all events. Hence death is re- 
 garded with lefs horror in India than in 
 any other country in the world. The ori- 
 gin and the end of all things, according tc> 
 
 the
 
 APPENDIX." 
 
 the philofophers of India, is a vacuum. 
 A ftate of repofe is the ftate of greateft per- 
 fection : and this is the ftate after which a 
 wife man afpires. It is better, fay the 
 Hindoos, to fit than to walk, and to fleep 
 than to wake > but death is the beft of 
 alL 
 
 It is no wonder, then, that the ladies, of 
 the Zenana chufe to be fpectators rather 
 than aftreffes' in the operas exhibited for 
 their entertainment. Balladieres, or dan- 
 cing girls $ a clafs of females who are allow- 
 ed to be openly proftituted, are generally en- 
 tertained in wealthy families, for the amufe- 
 ment of the women. The attitudes, as well 
 as the movements of the Balladieres, are 
 very eafy and not ungraceful . Their per- 
 fons are delicately formed, gaudily attired, 
 and highly perfumed* By the continua- 
 tion of wanton attitudes, they acquire, as 
 they grow warm in the dance, a frantic laf- 
 civioufnefs themfelves, and communicate, 
 by a natural contagion, the moft volup- 
 tuous defires to the beholders, 
 
 VOL. II. P The
 
 226 APPENDIX. 
 
 The Hindoos, as well as the Perfians, 
 Tartars, and adjoining nations, who have 
 inhabited Hindoftan fmce it was conquered 
 by Tamerlane, or Timurbeg, though of dif- 
 ferent nations, religions, laws, and cuftoms, 
 poffefs neverthelefs, in equal degrees, hofpi- 
 tality, politenefs and addrefs. In refinement 
 and eafe, they are fuperior to any people to 
 the weft ward of them. In politenefs and 
 addrefs, in gracefulnefs of deportment, and 
 fpeech, an Hindoo is as much fuperior to a 
 Frenchman of famion, as a French cour- 
 tier is to a Dutch burgo-mafter. A French- 
 man is indeed by no means deficient in eafc 
 of carriage ; but that eafe is mixed with 
 forward familiarity, with confidence, and 
 felf-conceit. The Hindoos, efpecially thole 
 of the higher Caftes y are in their demeanour 
 eafy and unconftrained, ftill more than 
 even a French courtier ; but their eafe and 
 freedom is referved, modefl, and refpectful. 
 A Frenchman is polite becaufe he thinks it 
 his honour to be polite : an Indian, becaufe 
 he thinks it his duty. The former is po- 
 lite becaufe he regards himfelf ; the latter 
 becaufe he refpecls you. 
 
 Their
 
 APPEND IX. 227 
 
 Their perfons are ftraight and elegant, 
 their limbs finely proportioned, their fin- 
 gers long and tapering, their countenances 
 open and pleafant, and their features ex- 
 hibit the moft delicate lines of beauty in 
 the females, and in the males a kind of 
 manly foftnefs. Their walk and gait, as 
 well as their whole deportment, is in the 
 higheft degree graceful. The drefs of the 
 men is a kind of clofe-bodied gown, like 
 our women's gowns, and wide trowfers, 
 refembling petticoats, reaching down to 
 their flippers. Such of the women as ap- 
 pear in public, have fliawls over their 
 heads and moulders, exactly fuch garments, 
 and worn in fuch a manner, as the Scotch 
 plaids, fhort clofe jackets, and tight drawers 
 which come down to their ancles. Hence 
 the drefs of the men gives them, in the eyes 
 of Europeans, an appearance of effeminacy > 
 whereas that of the women will appear rather 
 mafculine : fuch is the influence of habit and 
 cuftom on human fentiments'j an influence 
 which extends not merely to matters of tafte, 
 but, as the ingenious Dr. Smith, in his 
 theory of Moral Sentiments., obferves, to ob- 
 jects of higher importance, 
 
 P 2 From,
 
 228 APPENDIX. 
 
 From the difference of Caftes or clafles 
 of the people in Hindoilan, I mean the 
 original inhabitants, there arifes a differ- 
 ence of education and drefs. But even the 
 inferior claiTes are taught reading, writing, 
 and arithmetic : the youth are taught, not 
 within doors, but in the open air j and it is 
 a fingular, but not unplealing fpeclacle, to 
 behold, in every village, a venerable old 
 man, reclined on a terraced plain, teaching 
 a number of furrounding boys, who regard 
 him with the utmpft reverence and atten- 
 tion, like a mepherd feedjng his flock. In 
 thofe fimple feminaries, where the want of 
 rnagnificient halls and theatres is divinely 
 compenfated by the fpacious canopy of 
 Heaven, the gentle and traceable fons of 
 the Hindoos are not only prepared for the 
 bufinefs, but instructed in the duties of life -, 
 3. profound veneration for the object or ob- 
 jects of religious worfhip -, reverence of their 
 parents -, refpe<fl for their feniors ', juiUce 
 and humanity towards all men, but a par- 
 ticular affection for thofe of their own 
 Cafie. 
 
 The
 
 APPENDIX. 229 
 
 The Hindoo language is beautiful, ex- 
 prefix ve, and nervous. In reading and fpeak- 
 ing, the Hindoos are very mulical. Their 
 fpeech, like that of the Italians, flows in a 
 kind of numbers. There is a dead lan^ 
 guage, underftpod only by the literati of the 
 country, that is, the priefts, called the San- 
 fcrit language, in which their facred vo- 
 lumes are written, even as our facred fcrip- 
 tures are written in Greek and Hebrew, 
 But whether that language was originally 
 different from that df the country, or whe- 
 ther it has only now become unintelligible to 
 the people, through that change which is 
 incident to all living languages, is, I believe, 
 not well known. 
 
 Having already obferved, that the genius 
 of the Hindoos is rather imitative than in- 
 ventive, I need fcarcely add, that they have 
 lefs curiofaty in their nature than the Euro- 
 pean nations have ; that they do not vary 
 their famions ; and that they are not fond 
 of novelty beyond the precinSls of their If a- 
 rams. From the temper and tenets of this 
 people, as well as from feveral hints in an- 
 P 3 cient
 
 APPENDJX. 
 
 cient hiftorians, it appears more than pro- 
 bable, that the fame kind of garments, of 
 food, of furniture, of buildings, and of man- 
 ners, which obtained among their progeni- 
 tors thoufands of years ago, actually prevails 
 among the Hindoo tribes at this day. In 
 like manner, the fame profeflioris are ad- 
 hered to by the fame families with fuperfti- 
 tious exaclnefs. Thofe profeffions are ex- 
 ceedingly numerous. This 'divifion and 
 fubdivifion of employment and labour ; the 
 vaft variety of cades, from the Bramins 
 down to the fifherman, is one proof, among 
 many others, of the antiquity of the Hin- 
 doo nation, and their progrefs in the arts. 
 It appears very fingular, that the different 
 caft.es are not only prohibited from inter- 
 marrying, but alfo from eating with one an- 
 other, and, in fome inftances, even from 
 eating of the fame kind of food. 
 
 The food of the Hindoos is fimple, con- 
 
 fifting chiefly of rice, ghee, which is a kind 
 
 < of imperfect butter, milk, vegetables, and 
 
 oriental fpices of different kinds, but chiefly 
 
 what is called in tbe eaft, chilly, and in the 
 
 weft,
 
 APPEND IX. 231 
 
 weft, green or cayenne pepper. The war- 
 rior cafte may eat of the flefh of goats, mut- 
 ton, and poultry, which is drefTed into car- 
 ryes and pilaws*. Other fuperior caft^ 
 may eat poultry and fiih ; but' the inferior 
 caftes are prohibited from eating fleih or 
 fifli of any kind. Their greatefl luxury 
 conlifts in the ufe of the richeft fpiceries and 
 perfumes, of which the great people are 
 very lavifli. Their drefs, in point of rich- 
 nefs, is proportioned to their ftations : their 
 pomp and equipage confift in a numerous 
 retinue of fervants of various denominations, 
 who attend all their vilits and excurfions - y 
 in the dreffes of thofe attendants ; the ele- 
 gance of their palanquins ; and the capari- 
 ibns of their horfes, cancels, and elephants. 
 
 * Carry es are a kind of fricaffees of mutton, fowl, or 'fiih; 
 the fauce of which is compofcd of dried vegetables, pecu- 
 liar to the eaft, and fine rice, boiled with very little water, 
 introduced on a feparate plate : The fauce of the fricaffee 
 is poured on the rice, and the meat laid above both. The 
 fila-jj is fine Patna rice dry-boiled, and fried with ghee, 
 which has been already defcribed, mixed with vurious fpi- 
 ces, and particularly the cardamon, brought in on a large 
 tUih, in which is concealed, amidit the rice, a boiled fowl, 
 or part of a kid, or of a lamb. 
 
 P'4 It
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 It is fuperfiuous to obferve, that in confe- 
 quence of this multiplicity of different ranks, 
 the Hindoos have the higheft ideas of fub- 
 
 O 
 
 ordination, and pay to their fuperiors the 
 fame ready deference and homage, which 
 they expedt themfelves from their inferiors. 
 
 Their houfes cover much ground, and 
 have fpaciqus galleries and accommodations 
 of various kinds. The apartments are fmall, 
 and the furniture not very elegant, if we 
 except the richeft Perlian carpets. The 
 grandeur of their palaces confirms in baths, 
 perfumes, temples, gods, and harams. The 
 barams are removed from the front of the 
 houfe, and lighted either from a fquare fpace 
 in the centre of the whole building, or from 
 a^garden behind, enclofed by thick and high 
 walls, fortified, fometimes, with baftions. 
 The apparel of the women is inconceivably 
 rich ; they have jewels on their fingers and 
 about their necks, and alfo in their ears and 
 noftrils, with bracelets not only on their 
 wrifts, but on their arms above their 
 elbows, and on their legs around their 
 ancles. 
 
 Although
 
 APPENDIX. 233 
 
 Although the Hindoos are naturally the 
 mofl inoffenfive of all mortals, yet does their 
 humanity conlift more' in abftaining fronv 
 injurious, than in the performance of bene- 
 ficent actions. There is a wonderful mild- 
 nefs in their manners, and alfo in their laws, 
 which are influenced by their manners; by 
 which the murder of an human creature, 
 and of a cow, are the only crimes that are 
 punifhed by death. Yet with all this gen- 
 tlenefs of difpofition, they are inferior to the 
 boiflerous Europeans, with all their vices, 
 in the virtues of compaffi on and generofity. 
 They are wanting in that tendernefs which 
 is the moft amiable part of our nature. 
 They are lefs affected by the diflreffes and 
 dangers, and even the accidental deaths of 
 one another, than any nation in the old 
 or new world. Yet they love to excefs: 
 a proof, either of the inconfiftency of the 
 human character ; or that the amorous paf- 
 fion is not derived from the nobleft part of 
 our nature. 
 
 Although the practice of Hindoo women 
 burning themfelves on the funeral piles of 
 their hufbands, and embracing in the mean 
 
 time
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 time their dead bodies in their arms, be nof 
 fo general now as it has formerly been, yet 
 does it flill prevail among fome of the wives 
 of men of high cafte and condition : and 
 although this effort of frantic love, cou- 
 rage, and ambition, be deemed an aggran- 
 dizement of the family and relations of 
 botfi hufband and wife, but efpecialiy of 
 the wife's, yet their friends and relations 
 eonftantly endeavour to dilluade the women 
 who declare their refolutions of burning^ 
 from carrying them into execution. Even 
 the Bramins do not encourage this practice. 
 
 The caufes which infpire Hindoo wo- 
 men with this defperate refolution, are the 
 following .: 
 
 In the firfl place -, as the wife has from 
 her earlieft infancy been betrothed in mar- 
 riage to her hufband, and from that time 
 has never been permitted to fee another 
 man - y as fhe is instructed to believe that 
 he is perfectly accomplifhed, and taught to 
 refpect and honour him ; as, after confum- 
 mation, fhe is fhut up from the company, 
 convention, and even the fight of other 
 
 men,
 
 APPENDIX. 235 
 
 men, with ftill greater care, if pomble, 
 than before, being now debarred from fee- 
 ing even the father or elder brother of her 
 hufband, the bonds of her affedtion mufl 
 needs be inconceivably ftrong and indiflb- 
 luble. To an European lady, the Zenana 
 naturally appears in the light of an horrible 
 prifon : but the daughters of Afia never 
 coniider confinement to the Zenana as any 
 hardmip. They confider it as a condition 
 of their exigence, and they enjoy all the 
 happinefs of v/hich they have any concep- 
 tion ; their whole defires being concentered 
 and fixed on their hulband, their children, 
 their food, jewels, and female attendants. 
 There are inilances of women making elope- 
 ments from the Harams with European 
 gentlemen. But thefe are not, in general, 
 of the firft families ; nor free from the im- 
 putation of loofe behaviour. 
 
 'In. the fecond place, if the wife furvive 
 her huiband, me cannot marry again, and 
 is treated as an inferior peribn, and an out- 
 caft from her family. Nay, me is obliged, 
 in her mournful and hopelefs widow-hood, 
 to perform all the offices of a menial fervant. 
 
 In
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 In 'the third place, me is flattered with 
 the idea of having immortalized her name, 
 and aggrandized her children, and her own 
 and hufband's families. 
 
 Laftly, flie is rendered infenfible to the 
 pains and horrors of what me is to fuffer, 
 by thofe intoxicating perfumes and mixtures 
 xvhich are adminiftered to her after me has 
 declared her final and unalterable refolution 
 I fay her final refolution, becaufe one or 
 two declarations, of an intention to die with 
 her huiband, is not fufficient. The flrength 
 of her refolution undergoes a probation. 
 There is a certain time prefcribed by the 
 Gentoo law, during which her family and 
 friends exert their utmoft influence, in order 
 to dJiTuade her from burning -, and if me 
 perfift in her refolution to the end of that 
 period, it is not lawful to ufe any more 
 perfuafions with her, to abandon it. If me 
 fhould altef her purpofe after that period, 
 fhe would be punimed with the lofs of all 
 ca/lesy and live in a fbte of the moft com- 
 plete mifery and contempt. Nay, if an 
 European or Chriftian does but touch her 
 
 very
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 very garment with his finger, when Hie is 
 going to the pile, an immediate flop is 
 put to the ceremony, me is forced to live 
 an outcaft from her family, and from the 
 Gen too religion. 
 
 It is a natural object of curiofity to 
 know, in what manner, after all fhefe 
 flimulatives to perfeverance, the tender fex, 
 among a foft and effeminate people, fuf- 
 tains the near approach of a fcene fo full 
 of awe and horror. Amidft her weeping 
 relations and friends, the voluntary victim 
 to love and honor alone appears ferene and 
 undaunted. A gentle fmile is diffufed over 
 her countenance : me walks upright, with 
 an eafy but firm flep; talks to thofe around 
 her of the virtues of the deceafed, and 6f 
 the joy with which me will be tranfported 
 when her made mall meet with his ; and 
 encourages her forrowful attendants to 
 bear with fortitude the Jight of thofe mo- 
 mentary fufferings which fhe herfelf is about 
 to fed. Having afcended the funeral pile, 
 me lays herfelf dov/n by the body of her 
 hulband, which fhe fervently embraces. 
 
 A
 
 238 APPENDIX. 
 
 A dofe of narcotic mixtures is then ac?~ 
 miniftered for the laft time ; and inftantly 
 the perfon, whofe office it is, fets fire to the 
 pile. 
 
 Thus the moft determined refoludon of 
 which we can form any conception, is 
 found in the weaker fex, and in the foft 
 climes of Afia. It is to the honour of that 
 lex and thofe climes, that the greater! cou- 
 rage they exhibit, is the effect, not of the 
 furious impulfes of rage and revenge, but 
 confcious dignity and love. 
 
 Jt might naturally be imagined by an 
 European, that the feveral wives of one 
 man, for polygamy is general throughout 
 all Afia, would regard one another with 
 mutual jealoufy and averfion ; and that they 
 in reality do, has been afTerted by writers 
 of high reputation. The fadt however is 
 quite otherwife : though each has her own 
 feparate apartment, they vifit one another 
 with great friendship and cordiality j and if 
 they are of the fame cqfte, will occafionally 
 eat together. The hufband is ibmetimes 
 
 retrained
 
 APPENDIX* 
 
 retrained from eating with his wives, 
 either by a regard to cuftom j or, as I have 
 been informed by fome of the Gentoos 
 themfelves, by a precept .of their re- 
 ligion. 
 
 Thefe obfervations, fome of which are 
 applicable only to thofe of the Gen too reli- 
 gion, are indeed a digreflion from the 
 prefent fubject : but without a notion of 
 certain general cuftoms anxi fentiments, 
 common to all, it would be difficult to 
 form a juft conception of any particular 
 Haram. With refpect to the Haram 'hat 
 was vilited in the capital of one of our 
 Baft-India fettlements by an Englifh officer, 
 I have only to add, that the children of his 
 friend were prefented to him, as well as his 
 ladies, and that, at his departure, he was 
 complimented with a diamond ring by one 
 of them, who feemed to be the moft fa- 
 voured and refpected Sultana, and with a 
 moil graceful and benign falam from the 
 whole. The matter of the houfe obferved, 
 with a fmile, that he repofed perfect confi- 
 dence in the gentleman's difcretion. 
 
 APPEN-
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 B. 
 
 A Narrative of the treatment of the Etzgli/h 
 Prifoncrs taken at Bednore, by the Nawaub 
 Tippoo Sultaun I>ahander y on the 2%th of 
 March, 1783. By an Officer* 
 
 JL H E jQegC of Bednore having lafled fe- 
 venteen days, a ceffation of arms took place 
 on the 24th of April, 1783, and, on the 
 26th of the fame month, Brigadier- General 
 Richard Mathews, commander in chief of 
 the forces on the weflern iide of India, 
 called a council of war, who, after delibe- 
 rating on the fituation of affairs, came to a 
 refolution of capitulating on the following 
 terms, viz. 
 
 " That
 
 APPENDIX; '24*1 
 
 " That the garrifon mould march out of 
 <v the fort with the honours of war, and 
 ** pile their arms o'n the glacis : That all 
 ** public ftores fhould remain in the fort : 
 c? That all prifoners taken fince the fiege 
 " began fhould be delivered up: That, after 
 " being joined by the garrifons of Cowla- 
 '* droogand Annantpore (who.wefe includ- 
 ** ed in thefe articles) the whole fhould have 
 " full liberty to march, unmolefted, with all 
 " their private property, to SadafhagUr, from 
 * thence td embark for Bombay : That 
 '* Tippoo Sultaun Nawaub Bahauder fliould 
 '* furnifh a guard to march with the Engliili 
 '* troops, for their protection through the 
 ** country, which guard Hiould be under 
 '* the orders of Brigadier-General Mathews : 
 <v That Tippoo Sultaun Nawaub Bahauder, 
 " mould likewife furnifli the Englifh troops 
 '* with a plentiful bazar, and proper convey- 
 " ancesfor the lick and wounded, during their 
 " march to Sadafhagur : That a guard of 
 " one hundred Sepoys, from the garrifon of 
 *' Bednore, with their arms and accoutre- 
 " ments, and thirty-fix rounds of ammuni- 
 " tion, mould attend Brigadier- General Mz* 
 
 Voi,. IL Q " thews
 
 242 APPENDIX, 
 
 " thews as a body-guard, during the march 
 " to Sadafhagur ; and that Tippo Sultaun 
 " Nawaub Bahauder, for the performance 
 (t of the articles on his part, mould deliver 
 " two hoftages prior to the garrifon's march^ 
 <f ing out of the fort." 
 
 The capitulation having been figned, the 
 hoftages received, and doolies fent for the 
 fick and wounded, the garrifon marched 
 out of the fort, with the honours of war, 
 on the 28th of April, 1783 ; and, after pil- 
 ing their arms on the glacis, were immedi- 
 ately efccrted by a ftrong body of the enemy 
 to a tank about half a mile beyond the* 
 Onore Gate, where the General was inform- 
 ed he muft encamp that night, to which he 
 reluctantly confented, it being his intention 
 to have marched two miles further. When 
 the whole came up, the enemy furrounded 
 us, and ported fen tries on every fide, be- 
 yond whom no perfon was permitted to pafs. 
 'The General calling for his body-guard, 
 was informed, that the enemy had forcibly 
 taken away their arms and ammunition im- 
 mediately on their leaving the fort, and had 
 
 alfo-
 
 APPENDIX; 
 
 alfo deprived many of the officers of their 
 iide arms. Lieutenant M'Kenzie of the 
 looth, who had a few days before been (hot 
 through the breaft, was forced out of his 
 dooly by the enemy, with their bayonets, 
 as he was coming out of the fort, and feve- 
 ral others were treated in the like cruel 
 manner. Captain Facey, of the Bombay 
 eftablimment, with fifty fick and wounded, 
 were detained in the fort till next morning, 
 with Mr. Shields, affifiant-furgeon, which 
 latter gentleman informed us, that an Eng- 
 limman in the Nawaub's fervice had taken 
 an opportunity of telling him, he was ex- 
 tremely forry to fee him and his fellow- 
 furTerers in fo miferable a fituation : that 
 there was not the fmalleft hope of ever be- 
 ing given up, or of getting away ; as the 
 Nawaub had employed feveral artificers in, 
 forging irons for the garrifon, ever fince his 
 arrival before Bednore ; and that he himfelf 
 had been taken and ufed in the fame man- 
 ner in the Carnatic, after the troops had 
 capitulated* 
 
 Early
 
 2-44 APPENDIX. 
 
 Early in the morning, while we were 
 preparing to march, the General received a 
 mefTage from the Nawaub, defiring to fee. 
 him, together with Captains Eames and 
 Lendrum, of the Bombay, eflablifhment, and 
 Mr. Charles Stewart the paymafter. He 
 accordingly went, accompanied by thofe 
 gentlemen, and carried feveral of the officers 
 fervants along with hirr^ in hopes of reco- 
 vering thofe articles of which they had been 
 plundered. Soon after their departure, a 
 good bazar, furnilhed with a great variety 
 of provifions and other articles, arrived in 
 camp : at the fame time people came to 
 carry away the doolies, out of which they 
 threw the lick and wounded in a mofl in- 
 human manner, dragging thofe who had 
 lately fuffered amputation by the flumps, 
 and leaving them in that painful wretched 
 condition upon the bare ground, entirely 
 expofed to the heat of the fun. Being aik- 
 ed the eaufe of fuch barbarous ufage, the 
 inhuman wretches replied with the mofl 
 infulting indifference, " We have received 
 " orders to make the doolies two feet long- 
 -"er." The troops had waited with the 
 
 greateft
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 greateft impatience for the General's return 
 till five o'clock in the evening, when intel- 
 ligence was received, that the General, and 
 the gentlemen who accompanied him, "were, 
 immediately on their arrival at the Durbar, 
 (without being admitted into the Nawaub's 
 prefence) made clofe prifoners. While we 
 were lamenting the miferable proipecl: held 
 out to us by thefe melancholy tidings, and 
 waiting the ifTue in a ilate of the utmoft 
 anxiety, we were alarmed by the arrival of 
 an additional force of the enemy, when the 
 guards turne'd out and ported double fentries 
 all round us -, their defign was eafily feen 
 through, though they endeavoured to lull 
 our fufpicions with the pretext, that thofe 
 guards which had been firft placed over us, 
 were a part of Mahomed Ally's troops, 
 who were going to be relieved, in order tq 
 be fent to Mangajore, 
 
 The next morning we perceived the ene- 
 my had fent fpies into every part of our 
 camp, and emifiaries employed to entice the 
 troops to enter into their fervice. About : 
 ten o'clock, a meflage was received from
 
 A t P t N fe I X. 
 
 the Nawaub, defiring to know what num- 
 ber of tents we wanted, at the fame time 
 informing us we were to remain there fome 
 days : the tents we refufed ; but a letter, 
 figned by all the officers., was written to the 
 Nawaub, requiring him immediately to ful- 
 fil the terms of capitulation. We fent this 
 letter by Major Fewtrill, of the Bombay 
 eftabliihment, who was ordered into Bed- 
 nore with Captain Alflon, commanding of- 
 ficer of his Majefty's troops, and Lieute- 
 nant Younge, Major of Brigade to the 
 Bombay troops ; but no anfwer was re- 
 ceived. 
 
 Early the next morning a report prevailed, 
 that the troops were to be plundered of their 
 property, which we foon found to be true; 
 for at ten o'clock the bazar was taken a- 
 way, the guards ordered under arms, all the 
 European officers fent for immediately to 
 the fpot qf ground from whence the bazar 
 had been removed ; where we were, one 
 by one, plundered by the enemy, in the 
 riioft rude and fcandalous manner, of our 
 horfes, palanquins, money, plate, watches, 
 
 and
 
 APPENDIX. 247 
 
 and other valuables. In mort we were de- 
 prived of every article, except our bedding 
 and clothes, and fearched moft minutely in 
 every part, without the leaf! regard to de- 
 cency: the European foldiers, black officers, 
 and Sepoys, with their wives and children, 
 as alfo all the camp-followers, were fearch- 
 ed and plundered in the fame indecent, infa- 
 mous manner j and in the afternoon were 
 marched under a ftrong guard to Bednorc, 
 leaving the rick and wounded to perim on 
 the ground : fhortly after the European of- 
 ficers, with their fervants, were likewife 
 conducted to Bednore, where We were 
 clofely confined in the barracks, which had 
 been formerly occupied by a battalion of 
 our own Sepoys ; and from the time thefe 
 remorfelefs villains began to fearch and 
 plunder us, we had nothing of any kind to 
 cat, till twelve o'clock the next day, at 
 which time they brought and delivered to 
 each perfon, one pice, and a feer of the 
 coarfeft rice, which they informed us was 
 to be the daily allowance of officers and 
 fervants indifcriminately. 
 
 0.4 Oa
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 On the ^th of the fame month, all our 
 fervants, except one to each officer, were 
 taken away. The expreffions of forrow 
 which thefe poor creatures mewed on this 
 occafion cannot be eafily defcribed ; their 
 affection to their matters, , added to the ap r 
 prehenfions of being led away to death or 
 Slavery for life, produced the ftrongeft emo- 
 tions of grief ; and as we could only lament 
 their fate without affording them the finall- 
 eft afiiftance, our minds were moft deeply 
 
 On the 6th, the fubaltern officers be-. 
 longing to Annantpore, were brought pri- 
 foners to the barracks, who informed us of 
 their having feen the officers of Cowladroog, 
 and the garifons of that place and Annant- 
 pore, in irons; and alfo, that all the fine 
 young men of the third and fifteenth 
 battalions of Sepoys, were, by order of the 
 Nawaub, forcibly taken away in order to 
 be made Haves of, and put into his Cheelah 
 battalions. 
 
 On
 
 APPENDIX. - 
 
 On the yth, Lieutenant Morrifbn of the 
 looth regiment, and Lieutenants M'Kenzie 
 and Bafnewell, of the Bombay efiablimment, 
 were brought in chains ; the two former 
 gentlemen were taken at Cundapore, the 
 latter at the commencement of the fiege, 
 with Captain Gotlich of the Bombay efta- 
 blimment, Thefe gentlemen informed us, 
 they had been in irpns for fome days. 
 This day we wrp^e a letter, figned by all 
 the officers prefent, to Lieu tenant- Colonel 
 De Coffigne, commanding officer of the 
 French troops, reprefenting to him, in a fpi- 
 rited manner, the Nawaub's bale violation 
 of the conditions on which Bednore furren- 
 dered, as alfo, his fhameful and cruel con-r 
 dud: tp wards the troops in general, requeft- 
 ing, in the name of his Britannic Majefry, 
 and the Baft- India Company, that he would 
 ufe his moft ftrenuous endeavours with the 
 J^awaub, to perfuade him to adhere to the 
 terms of the capitulation, or, if he failed of 
 fuccefs in that point, that he wonld, at 
 Jeaft, obtain a mitigation of the inhuman 
 unprecedented ufage we had met with, 
 contrived to fend this letter by a 
 
 French
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 French officer, who had been taken priibner 
 by us during the Hege, and had come to 
 the barracks, with a furgeon of that na- 
 tion, to return the civilities he had received 
 from ibme of our officers, during his con- 
 finement. We flattered ourfelves with 
 great hope of redrefs from this letter, par- 
 ticularly as the French officer affured us that 
 Lieutenant-Colonel De Coffigne was very 
 well inclined to exert himfelf in our caufe, 
 and as he gave us his word of honour that 
 he would immediately wait on the Colonel, 
 and deliver him our letter > but, to our m- 
 ter aftonimment and mortification, we 
 hever received an anfwer from Lieutenant- 
 Colonel De Coffigne, nor did any other of 
 the French officers come near us during 
 our ftay in the barracks, or offer us the 
 fmalleft relief in our diftreffed fituation. 
 The chagrin we felt on this occasion, contri- 
 buted not a little to encreafe the indifpofition 
 of many of the officers, who were daily falling 
 fick of fevers and fluxes, which we could 
 only attribute to our wretched food, and 
 the putrid ftench arifing from the privy. 
 The French furgeqns would afford us no 
 
 amftance -,
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 afll fiance; our own furgeons had it not in 
 their power, having been plundered of their 
 inftruments and medicines at the time of 
 the general fearch. The fame day Doctor 
 Carmichael of the Bombay eftablifhment, 
 was fent for by the Nawaub, to vififr BH 7 
 gadier-General Mathews, whom he found 
 much indifpofed; and by whom he was 
 informed, that the Nawaub was endeavour- 
 ing to .intimidate him into a furrender of all 
 the forts in the low country, by threaten* 
 ing to blow him away from a gun, in cafe 
 of his non-compliance, 
 
 In the evening the Nawaub was fo gene- 
 rous, as to fend us ia prefent of thirty-five 
 fmall fowls and a few fait fimes, to be di* 
 vided among upwards of eighty officers. 
 
 On the 8th, in the morning, the cap- 
 tains belonging to the garrifons of Cow^ 
 ladropg and Annantpore, together with Cap- 
 tain Gotlich, (who, as before-mentioned, 
 was taken prifoner at the commencement of 
 the fiege) were brought under a guard to 
 the barracks, and were fliortly after remo- 
 ved
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ved (with the reft of the captains, Mr. Gif~ 
 ford, Surgeon's^Mate of the looth regi- 
 ment, Lieutenants Barnewell and Olivier, 
 of the Bombay eftablimment, and Mr. 
 Chick, Deputy CommilTary) to a feparate 
 place of confinement, 
 
 On the pth, we were ordered to prepare 
 to march, and were informed we mould no\ 
 be allowed coolies to carry our baggage : 
 we therefore packed up as much linen as 
 we. could well carry ourfelves, and giving 
 our bedding to our fervants, we all, except 
 Captain Pyne and Enfign Jenour, of the 
 I0,2cl regiment, and Captain Facey, with 
 Lieutenants Williamfon, Baird^ and Lee, of 
 the Bombay eftablimment, who were in too 
 defperate a fituation, from their wounds,, 
 to be removed, went into the ftreet, where 
 we were fir ft ft ripped of our coats, and 
 then chained two and two, by the hands a 
 three of the officers being linked to pri- 
 vate foldiers ; after which, we were a fe- 
 cond time fearched and plundered. We 
 were then fecured in another houfe till 
 about three o'clock in the afternoon, when, 
 
 WQ
 
 253 
 
 we were led through crowds of people, iri 
 this ignominious manner, more like crimi- 
 nals going to the place of execution, than 
 Britim officers made prifoners contrary to 
 the rules of war, to the enemy's camp, a 
 mort diftance beyond the Delly Gate, where 
 we heard we were to be confined in a ftrong 
 fort, called Chettledroog. The enemy, at 
 the time we were leaving the barracks, 
 gave us an inftance of the treatment we 
 might in future expect to receive, in their 
 behaviour to Lieutenant Alexander M'Do- 
 nald, of the T-ombay eftablimment, who 
 was fo extremely ill that he could- fcarcely 
 Hand. This gentleman requefted permiffion 
 to remain behind with the wounded officers, 
 which they obftinately refufed, beating him 
 and dragging him out by the heels : but, 
 to the honour of the French, we were in-: 
 formed that their treatment of Lieutenant 
 Lambert, of the Bombay eftablimment, 
 whom they had taken dangerouily wounded 
 at the commencement of the liege, was full 
 of tendernefs and humanity, 
 
 On
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 On the loth, in the morning, as w 
 were moving off the ground, each officer 
 received three pice for that day's fubfifl- 
 cnce. We marched about fifteen miles,- 
 and found the apprehenfions of yefterday 
 fully juftifjed by this day's ufage on the 
 road ; feveral of the gentlemen, who were 
 illj and much fatigued by the intenfe h^at 
 of the fun, and the want of water, attempt- 
 ing to reft themfelves under a tree, were 
 beat in a moft unmerciful manner by the 
 enemy, with fwords and flicks, while others 
 were driven on with the butts of their fire- 
 locks, fpit upon, and abufed in the groffefl 
 manner. Whenever we approached a town 
 or village, four or five men were advanced 
 in the front with horns and tom-toms, that 
 the inhabitants might, by their difcordant 
 mufic, be affembled together to gaze at us 
 as we paffed through. We proceeded on 
 in this miferable condition, each day bring- 
 ing on a renewal of our fufferings, till our 
 arrival at Simoga, a fort on the banks of a 
 river, fixty miles eaflward of Bednore, our 
 allowance having been encreafed to one fa- 
 nam each per day, and coolies furnimed to 
 
 carry
 
 APPENDIX. 255 
 
 carry our bedding and clothes, whenever 
 the commanding officer of the efcort thought 
 proper to procure them. As we were to 
 halt here one day, we fondly expected fome 
 little indulgences, efpecially for thofe gen- 
 tlemen who were ill ; but our inhuman 
 enemy, as if delighted with every frem op- 
 portunity of augmenting our afflictions^ 
 when intreated to afford fome afTiftance to 
 Lieutenant Fireworker Weft, of the Bom- 
 bay eflablimment, and Serjeant Dobbins, 
 of the i old regiment, who had been ftruck 
 with the fun, owing to our long and fevere 
 marches, abfolutely refufed it, faying, " they 
 *' were only drunk," and feemed to exult 
 in their mifery, although the one was quite 
 fpeechlefs, and the other raving mad : nor 
 were they fatisfied with this, but even ex- 
 tended their brutim infults to the lifelefs 
 body of Lieutenant Waugh, of the Bombay 
 eflablimment, whofe death was evidently 
 battened by the injuries he had received 
 upon the road. 
 
 On the 1 4th, we had the misfortune to 
 lofe Lieutenant Clements, of the Bombay 
 
 eftablifhment,
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 eftablimment, who, on his departure frorh- 
 Bednbre, was in perfect good health, but ex 
 the laft day's march received a fevere ilroke 
 of the fun, of which he died,- chained to 
 Enfigri Gilkie, of the fame eftablifhrnent, 
 who remained in that dreadful fituation fe- 
 veral hours. In the evening, Lieutenant 
 Sutton, of the Bombay eftablimment, wss 
 feized with the cramp and fpafms in his 
 flomach. Lieutenant Reddie, who was 
 hand-cuffed to him, and in great danger of 
 having his arm broke, unriveted his irons 
 by permifliori of one of the efcOrt, for 
 which he was immediately taken to a tree, 
 and threatened to be hanged, and ropes were 
 prepared for that purpofe; the Jemmidar 
 informing us he had received orders to hang 
 every one who mould even attempt to free 7 
 himfelf from his fetters : but on a fubmif- 
 five reprefentatioh of the bufinefs, Lieute- 
 nant Reddie was fo far indulged, as to ef- 
 cape with a few lames only. We again 
 made application for affiftance for Lieute- 
 nant Sutton, to which we received the fol- 
 lowing brutal repl^r,- mingled with a large 
 {hare of eaftern aboife : " Let him die, and 
 
 " when
 
 257 
 
 *' when he is dead we will drag him out of 
 ' ' the camp by his heels : " however, by 
 the merciful hand of Providence he reco- 
 vered in a few hours. 
 
 About ten o'clock at night, came on a 
 moft violent thunder- florm, which lafted 
 for fome hours, and having no kind of fhel- 
 ter from the rain, we all fuffered exceeding- 
 ly, particularly the fick, whofe diforders 
 were much increafed by it. Some of the 
 gentlemen, who were troubled with fevere 
 fluxes and agues, being much affected by 
 the rain and raw cold wind, went to fome 
 fires made by the guard after the ftorm had 
 ceafed, in order to warm themfelves ; but 
 were foon given to underftand that it was 
 too great an indulgence for Britim officers 
 to enjoy, being inftantly drove away from 
 the fires by the enemy, with the butts of 
 their firelocks* 
 
 We left this place on the morning of the 
 Ifjth, and, after a fhort march, arrived at 
 Holly Honoor, a fort fituated on the eaft 
 bank of a rapid river, and, for the firfl time 
 
 VOL. II. R 'fine*
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 fmce we began our march, were brought 
 under cover. As the coolies were bringing 
 Enfign Cadogan of the Bombay eftablifh- 
 ment, who was extremely ill, into the fort, 
 he endeavoured to fhift his pofture in the 
 quilt in which he was carried, for which 
 he received a blow on the head, and died in 
 ft hort time afterwards ; when he was, in 
 like manner with the former deceafed offi- 
 cers, flripped of every article, and in that 
 naked ffate thrown into an hole by the fide 
 of the river, without fuffering us to pay 
 our laft duty to the deceafed. As we ap- 
 proached the deftined place of confinement, 
 our efcort began to relax a little in their fe- 
 verity, and fupplying bullocks to fome of 
 the fick to ride on (for the ufe of which we 
 gave part of the few clothes we had with us) 
 by flow marches we arrived on the 2 1 ft of 
 May, 1783, at Chittledroog, a flrong and 
 almoil impenetrable fortrefs, irregularly built 
 on the end of a ridge of hills, furrounded by 
 a flat country, one hundred and twenty-eight 
 miles eailward of Bednore. Here we were 
 conducted in triumph to a ftreet leading to 
 the Durbar, where we were furrounded by 
 
 crowds
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 crowds of people, and detained till four 
 o'clock in the afternoon ; at which hour all 
 the fervants, except one to every five offi- 
 cers, were taken away ; they then divided 
 us into two parties, and marched us up 
 through ten very Urong gateways, to the 
 top of one of the higheft hills, where we 
 were clofely confined in two feparate hou- 
 fes ; and after having a third time fearched 
 and plundered us, our hand-cuffs were 
 knocked off, and irons put to our legs. 
 Late in the evening, having had nothing to 
 eat the whole day, they brought us fome 
 rice, with wood and water to drefs it ; and 
 next morning we were ordered to deliver up 
 all our knives and papers, but were permit- 
 ted to keep a few books, which fome of the 
 officers had brought with them : they then 
 furniihed us with an hand-mill for the pur- 
 pofe of grinding rice, which afterwards be- 
 came our chief employment. About ten 
 o'clock a Bramin came up, and delivered to 
 each perfon one feer of the coarfeft rice and 
 two pice, with wood fufficient to cook our 
 victuals, which he told us was to be our 
 daily allowance; Our fervants were allow- 
 R 2 ed
 
 260 APPENDIX. 
 
 ed each a pice a-day. We were alfo fur- 
 nifhed with a bazar pretty well fupplied 
 with every article except butcher's meat. 
 We were at this time confined entirely to 
 the two houfes, but informed that a privy 
 was building in the outer yard, to which, 
 when finimed, we mould be permitted to 
 
 go- 
 On the 29th, this building being com- 
 pleated, two gentlemen at a time were per- 
 mitted to go into the outer yard, a fmall 
 area furrounded by an high wall. 
 
 On the 4th of June, we fent our compli- 
 ments to Dowlat Bhauee, the Jemmidar of 
 the province, acquainting him it was our 
 King's birth-day, and on that account re- 
 quefted we might be allowed fome meat ; 
 in confequence of this application, out of 
 his great generofity, he condefcended to or- 
 der a fmall lean fheep to be delivered to us, 
 for which we paid a moft exorbitant price, 
 and which was but of little fervice to us, 
 as we were forty in number. 
 
 On
 
 APPENDIX. 26l 
 
 On the 8th, the wood which had hither- 
 to been ferved to us was flopped, nor would 
 the enemy fupply us with more, until We 
 confented to pay for it, which additional 
 expence deprived us of half our daily al- 
 lowance. On application being made for 
 medicines for the fick, we were informed, 
 that the ftricl:eft orders had been ifTued not 
 to fupply us with any ; that we had not 
 been brought there to live, and that the 
 Nawaub would be very happy to hear we 
 were all dead. This cruel treatment ope- 
 rated very forcibly on the feelings of thofe 
 gentlemen who were at this time in a bad 
 ftate of health : many of them feemed 
 to defpair of a recovery, as they were to 
 look for no affiftance but what nature might 
 afford. Thus unhappily fituated, we ufed 
 every means to procure fome medicines, but 
 all in vain, for the fentries (the only per- 
 fons to whom we could apply) told us, that 
 however much they were inclined to contri- 
 bute to our relief, it was not in their power. 
 
 On the 1 3th, three women, who were 
 
 confined with us, were decoyed out by a 
 
 R 3 report
 
 2,62 APPENDIX. 
 
 report of feme fine fait fim being in the 
 bazar : on their going out, the doors of our 
 prifon were immediately fhut, and foon af- 
 ter, we were alarmed with horrid mrieks 
 and the cries of murder, and could plainly 
 hear the women call upon us for afiiftancej 
 but as it was totally out of our power to 
 afford them any, we could only deplore 
 their fituation in anxious fufpence, not 
 knowing what might be their fate : how- 
 ever, an hour had not elapfed before our 
 apprehenfions were agreeably relieved by 
 their fafe return, when they informed us 
 they had been very roughly handled, and 
 narrowly fearched, and that a few pagodas, 
 \vhich they had found means to conceal, 
 had been taken from them. 
 
 On the 1 5th, we were deprived of the 
 bazar, nothing being Brought for fale but 
 four milk, fait, chillies (or red pepper), ta- 
 rnarinds, and tobacco. About midnight, 
 Serjeant Dobbins, of the io2d regiment, 
 who had been ill of a fever fome days, died ; 
 and when the doors of the prifon were 
 opened in the morning, we made the Wur- 
 
 dee
 
 A P, P E N D I X. 263 
 
 dee Wollah * acquainted with the circum- 
 fiance, and requested the corpfe might be 
 immediately taken away, and decently in- 
 terred ; for we feared the putrid ftench that 
 arofe from it might occafion fome infecti- 
 ous diftemper; but, inftead. of complying 
 with our requeft, he told us we muft dig a 
 grave in the prifon, and bury him there ; 
 we then represented to him the offenfive in- 
 convenience of fuch a meafure, as likewife 
 the difficulty of doing it, having no tools 
 for that purpofe - y to which he replied, 
 *' Dig it with your nails." However, af- 
 ter many humble entreaties, we at lafl gain- 
 ed our point j and the funeral fervice hav^ 
 ing been read, the corpfe was tied up in a 
 mat, and carried out of the prifon by our 
 fervants : after which the enemy tied a rope 
 about the neck, and dragged it away. 
 
 On the 2Oth, they deprived us of the 
 four milk, fo that we had then nothing to 
 fubiifl on but rice alone, without any other 
 vehicle than water to carry it down. Un- 
 
 * Written alfo VERDUVALLA. Very many of the Hin- 
 ^oftannee words are differently fpelt, by different writers. 
 
 R 4 certain
 
 64 APPENDIX. 
 
 certain how this diet might agree with us, 
 and feveral of the officers being fick and 
 deilitute of medicines, our fituation became 
 wretched, and our profpeds dreadful, from 
 a belief that the worfl was yet to come, and 
 our fufpicions were flill ^further increafed 
 by their taking away a few onions, which 
 one of the gentlemen had referved, from the 
 time of our being deprived of the bazar, 
 jufl as they were going to be boiled. Our 
 privy began at this time to be very offen- 
 live, for thofe who were ill were unable to 
 go to the outiide, nor were any of us fuf- 
 fered to have acceis to it from fun-fet to 
 fun-rife, for during that time the doors of 
 our prifon were fail locked. Our cook- 
 room, as w r ell as the building jufl men- 
 tioned, was in the prifon, on one fide -, we 
 therefore laboured under another difagree- 
 able inconvenience, from being in a conti- 
 nual fmoke the greatefl part of the day, 
 while immenfe fwarms of rats, bugs, fleas, 
 and other kinds of vermin, conflantly dif- 
 turbed our nightly re/I. 
 
 Tha
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The daily infults we received from our 
 cruel and tyrannical guards, joined to the 
 reft of our treatment, when compared with 
 our former fituations in life, at times de- 
 prated our fpirits and hurt our feelings fo 
 much, that words cannot do juflice to our 
 bufferings : but, recollecting we were Bri- 
 tons, and how lhameful it was to yield to 
 gloomy defpair, we endeavoured to refumc 
 our ufual gaiety of mind, determined, by 
 the help of Providence, to furmount every 
 difficulty, in hopes of future revenge. 
 
 About this time, died Lieutenant Willi- 
 am Patterfon, of the load regiment. Be- 
 fore his body was cold, our inhuman guards 
 rufhed in, and, vulture-like, feized upon the 
 few remaining things belonging to him, 
 threatening to punifti with rigour thofe 
 gentlemen who mould attempt to conceal 
 any part of them. After permitting us to 
 read the funeral fervice, the dead body was 
 removed. We now became exceedingly 
 .anxious to learn the fjtuation of affairs, and 
 pim&ually liftened every night to the con- 
 verfation of the guard, from whom we ho- 
 ped
 
 266 APPENDIX. 
 
 ped to gather fome intelligence, and were 
 not difappointed : for we were frequently 
 gratified with the moft flattering and plau i 
 iible accounts of the fuccefs of our army ; 
 which accounts were fometimes confirmed, 
 and at other times contradicted, by the fen- 
 tries, with whom we had frequent oppor- 
 tunities of converfing daring the day. 
 
 We queftioned them concerning our Eu* 
 ropeans and Sepoys, who were confined in 
 the fort, and they told us that the former 
 were treated in the fame manner as our- 
 felves 5 but that the latter, with our fer- 
 vants, were only allowed one feer of raug- 
 gy, which is the worfl grain in the coun- 
 try, and one pice each per day : that they 
 were employed during the day to work as 
 coolies, carrying ftones, mud, and chunam, 
 (mortar made of ftone or fhells) for erecting 
 and repairing the enemy's works, and that 
 in the evening, after they had finished their 
 labour, they were confined in prifon, with 
 irons upon their legs, and their hands tied 
 behind them. 
 
 They
 
 APPENDIX, 267 
 
 They further informed us, that our Se* 
 poys had been frequently afked to enter into 
 the enemy's fervice, and threatened to bo 
 Jranged in cafe they refufed to do fo, being 
 told at the fame time, that ajl the Euro T 
 pean officers had engaged in .the fervice of 
 the Nawaub ; but that our Sepoys difre- 
 garded their threads, and told them with a 
 lirm refolution, that they would fooner die, 
 working as coolies, than enter into his fer- 
 vice, and that they well knew none of the 
 European officers would ever engage to ferve 
 under him. This pleafmg news of the for- 
 titude and fidelity of our brave Sepoys, who 
 were labouring under fuch cruel hard/hips, 
 gave the utmoft fatisfaclion, and confider-. 
 ably lightened the burden af our own fuf- 
 ferings. 
 
 On the 3d of July, Dr. Carmichael, of 
 the Bombay eftablifhment, had his irons 
 knocked off, and was conducted below to 
 vifit Dowlat Bhauee, who was fuddenly ta- 
 ken ill. The Doclor returned in the even- 
 ing, and informed us that, after prefcribing 
 for the Jemmidar, he gave him a moft 
 
 excellent
 
 263 APPENDIX. 
 
 excellent dinner, and made him an offer of 
 remaining in an houfe below, which he de- 
 clined. Dowlat Bhauee alfo promifed the 
 Doctor that he mould not again be put in 
 irons, which was inviolably adhered to. 
 
 i 
 
 On the nth of this month, died Lieute- 
 nant Auchinlech of the Company's troops : 
 He had been long ill of a flux, and 
 though frequent applications were made 
 to have kis irons taken off, our cruel tyrants 
 would not confent to it -, but, an hour before 
 his death, they brought a black-fmith, and 
 though we ftrongly folicited them not tu 
 difhirb him in his laft moments, they pofi- 
 tively infilled on knocking off his irons, 
 which they effected with great pain to the 
 poor dying man 
 
 On the 7th of Auguft, having been told 
 by the centinels, that a Marratta army, 
 with a detachment of Engliih troops, was 
 approaching to Chittledroog, our fpirits 
 were much elated, as we could not avoid 
 giving fome credit to the report, from the 
 circumftance of fome of the principal men 
 
 belonging
 
 APPENDIX*, 
 
 belonging to the government, coming up, 
 and enquiring whether any of us underftood 
 the nature of mortars, or how to cut fuzees^ 
 of which we all difclaimed any knowledge: 
 they then called out five officers, to whom 
 they offered confiderable commands in the 
 Nawaub's fervice, as alfo to the reft of us, 
 provided we would enter: but their offers 
 'were of courfe rejecled with difdain, 
 
 On the 27th, our daily allowance 
 was augmented to three pice each ; and 
 we were informed that a ceflation of arms 
 had taken place, between the Eaft-India 
 Company, and Tippoo Sultaun Nawaub 
 Bahauder, that a treaty of peace was actually 
 on foot, and that the Burrah Myar would 
 be fent by the Jemmidar, to acquaint us 
 with it : we waited impatiently for a con- 
 firmation of this joyful news, until five 
 o'clock in the evening, when the Myar 
 made his appearance, acquainted us, in a 
 very formal manner, that peace was nearly 
 concluded between the powers at war, that 
 in the mean time we (hould have a bazar, 
 and requefled to know all our wants. We 
 
 were
 
 APPENDIX* 
 
 were deluded into a firm belief of this intel- 
 ligence, for five days j but, on the firft of 
 September^ were undeceived by the bazar 
 being again taken away, and the additional 
 pice ftruck off: upon making enquiry into 
 the caufe of this fudden change, we were 
 told, that the Burrah Myar would fatisfy us 
 on that head -, but as he did not, at that 
 time, pay us another vifit, we concluded it 
 was only a pretext calculated to ferve feme 
 particular purpofe. 
 
 On the 5th of OcT:ober,our daily fubfi/i- 
 ence was again augmented to three pice, and 
 the following day a bazar was fent to us, in 
 which was ghee, (a very rancid fort of but- 
 ter made from the milk of buffaloes) dholl, 
 (a kind of peas which grow in fmall nar- 
 row pods on a fhrub,) fugar, wheat-flour, 
 maffaullaw, (fundry forts of ipice) tobacco^ 
 limes, and vegetables. 
 
 On the 2oth, the Burrah Myar a fe- 
 
 cond time made his appearance, and we were 
 
 in great expectation of receiving fome a- 
 
 reeable intellience : but his errand was 
 
 only
 
 APPENDIX. 71 
 
 Only to enquire, whether any of us under- 
 lie od the method of making mufket-flints* 
 paper, or black-lead pencils, offering great 
 rewards to any perfon who would inftrucT: 
 him in thofe arts. 
 
 On the 5th of November, we had the 
 misfortune to lofe Dr. Carmichael of the 
 Bombay eftablifhment, who had been ill 
 for a considerable length of time, and whole 
 death was much lamented by every gentle- 
 man in the prifon. Though we found the 
 weather in general milder here than on the 
 fea coaft, and the monfoon not near Co 
 violent, yet our prifon was not proof againil 
 the rain, which came through moft parts 
 of the roof, and occafioned a dampnefs 
 that brought on a flow fever, of which 
 the greater part of us were at this time 
 ill. ^ 
 
 On the 4h of December, our fervants, 
 as they went to draw water, for the firft 
 time, had the opportunity of fpeaking to 
 thofe fervants attending upon the gentlemen 
 in the other prifon, from whom we had 
 
 the
 
 272 APPENDIX. 
 
 the fatisfaction to hear that they all enjoyed 
 good health, and had only loft during theif 
 confinement, Mr. Browne, Quarter-matter 
 of the looth regiment, Enfign Bateman of 
 the Bombay eftablimment, and a private 
 foldier of the 98th regiment. At different 
 periods we experinced various kinds of 
 treatment, fometimes meeting with lefs fe- 
 verity than at others : we had an inftance 
 of their lenity on Chriftmas-day, when the 
 bazar-man was directed to bring for fale 
 abundance of fruit, fweetmeats, and vege- 
 tables, together with fome fheep, two of 
 which were purchafed by fome of the gen- 
 tlemen, who had faved money out of their 
 daily allowance for that purpofe. 
 
 On the 3d of January, 1784, died, 
 much regretted, Lieutenant Drew of the 
 Bombay eftablimment, after a painful lin- 
 gering illnefs. Having thecuriofity to en- 
 quire how they difpofed of the bodies of the 
 deceafed, we were afTured, by different 
 people, that they were thrown over a pre- 
 cipice into a morafs, where they were de- 
 voured by tygers and vultures, 
 
 Oa
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 On the loth, butcher's meat was allowed 
 to be brought into the bazar, and fold in 
 fmall quantities, in common with other ar- 
 ticles. Our treatment was now much 
 better than heretofore ; we wanted for no- 
 thing that we could, with our fmall allow- 
 ance, afford to purchafe ; and as many as 
 chofe were permitted to go to the outer 
 yard, from fun-rife to fun-fet. From this 
 great alteration in the behaviour of the ene- 
 my, as well as from their repeated aflurances 
 that peace was concluding, we were led to 
 believe that the happy day would foon ar- 
 rive when we mould be freed from our 
 {hackles, and once more enjoy the liberty of 
 Britons. 
 
 On the loth of February, died Lieute- 
 nant Hugh Moore, of the 98th regiment, 
 who, fome days before his death, had beeri 
 indulged with a room to himfelf, in an 
 houfe in the outer yard, which after his 
 deceaie, we were permitted to occupy du- 
 ring the day. We were now pofitively af- 
 fured that peace was concluded, and that 
 all the prifoners would be releafed in a few 
 
 VOL. II. S days,
 
 274 APPENDIX. 
 
 days, which happy period we anxioufiy 
 waited for ; but having been fo often de- 
 ceived, we much fufpected the truth of this 
 intelligence, notwithftanding the indulgent 
 behaviour of the enemy. 
 
 On the 23d of March, however, all our 
 doubts were cleared up, for early in the 
 morning, the Wordy Wollah came with 
 feveral black-fmiths, and informed us he 
 had received orders from Dowlat Bhauee 
 to knock off our irons, and to acquaint us 
 that peace was concluded, and that we were 
 to be releafed in a day or two. The emo- 
 tions we felt on receiving this joyful and 
 moft welcome news, joined to the pleafmg 
 fenfation of having our legs at liberty, no 
 pen can defcribe; for a while, nothing 
 but rejoicings and congratulations were 
 heard re-echoing from every part of the 
 prifon. 
 
 After we were freed from our fetters, we 
 remained two days to get the proper uie of 
 our limbs -, and on the 25th* in the morn- 
 ing, we bad adieu to our jail, and were con- 
 ducted
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 dufted to an open fpace of ground, jitft 
 without the priibn, where we had not been 
 long, before we difcovered at a diftance our 
 brother officers, who had been feparated 
 from us on our arrival at Chittledroog ; 
 and fuch was our eagernefs to meet, that 
 the fixed bayonet of the guard could not 
 prevent our running feveral yards to em- 
 brace each other : this was a period of blifs, 
 of which the firft monarch in the world 
 might juftly have envied us ; we were fo 
 drowned in joy, that for a while we forgot 
 we were ftill in the -hands of the enemy, 
 but were foon recovered from our trance, 
 by receiving orders to proceed below, which 
 we gladly obeyed, and at about ten o'clock, 
 arrived at the Kutchery, (a building erected 
 for holding courts of judicature and tranf- 
 adting all public bufinefs in general,) where 
 we had the inexpremble pleafure of meet- 
 in^ with Meffrs. Gordon and Brunton, 
 
 o 
 
 two Lieutenants of the Madras eftablim- 
 ment, who had been taken prifoners fome 
 years before, and of feeing many other of 
 our fellow- fufferers, both Europeans and 
 Sepoys, but were not permitted to converfe 
 S 2 much 
 
 275
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 much with the latter. Our fervants, who 
 had been taken from us on our arrival at 
 Chittledroog, were delivered over to us, 
 from whom gufhed tears of joy at the fight 
 of their matters. They informed us, that 
 feveral of our flave-boys had been taken out 
 of prifon and carried away : we now there- 
 fore demanded them to be given up to us, 
 but could obtain 'no other redrefs or an- 
 fwer, than that " they were all dead." 
 
 Soon after . our arrival here, we had the 
 mortification to fee feveral baikets of hand- 
 cuffs placed before us, for the purpofe of 
 again linking us two and two : but on ma- 
 king a forcible reprefentation to Dowlat 
 Bhauee, and on figning a paper, wherein 
 we gave our paroles of honour, for our own 
 good behaviour, and bound ourfelves an- 
 fwerable for that of the troops, he relin- . 
 quimed his intention of making us fufFer 
 that horrid, ignominious punimment. 
 But we were not fo fuccefsful in ourftrenu- 
 ous application in behalf of our brave, faith- 
 ful foldiers, for they, poor fellows, were 
 obliged to endure that cruel indignity. 
 
 As
 
 APPENDIX. 277 
 
 As moft of the officers and men were 
 nearly naked, and all of us in want of moes, 
 we made an application for a fuin of money 
 to be advanced to us, on the Honourable 
 Company's account, and were informed by 
 Dowlat Bhauee, that a Buckihy (pay-maf- 
 ter) would be fent with us, who would 
 fupply us with every thing we could have 
 occafion for. Having been detained in the 
 Kutchery till four o'clock in the afternoon, 
 we were then all conducted to the burying 
 ground, about one mile and an half diftant 
 from the fort. As foon as we halted, we 
 all afTembled together, and on relating to 
 each other our fufFerings, we found, that 
 the officers who had been feparated from 
 us, were ufed in every refpecl: in the fame 
 manner as ourfelves. Meffi-s Gordon and 
 Brunton had formely been confined at Se~ 
 ringapatam, where they were treated tole- 
 rably well, and for the firft fix months 
 were not put in irons. About twenty 
 months before our arrival at Chittledroog, 
 they were removed with feveral European 
 foldiers taken at the unfortunate action 
 where Colonel Baillie was cut off, to that 
 S 3 fort,
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 fort, where they were ?.t firft treated remark- 
 ably well, having meat and liquor daily fer- 
 ved out to them, exclufive of their allow- 
 ance of rice and pice, and were befides 
 fupplied with a plentiful bazar. 
 
 The capture of Bednore occafioned their 
 being treated fomething worfe than before, 
 but not to any degree of feverity, till thole 
 gentlemen were detected in a correfpondence 
 with Lord Macartney, governor of Madras, 
 and in endeavouring to fend a letter to us : 
 in confequence of this difcovery, they were 
 confined by themfelves in a fmall dark room, 
 the door af which was fuftered to remain 
 open only one hour during the day ; irons 
 were put on their hands, as well as their 
 legs -, they were fed on the fweepings of the 
 rauggy florehoufe, being allowed only one 
 feer each of that grain per day ; they were 
 alfo deprived of the bazar, and in every re- 
 fpecl: treated with the utmoft rigour for 
 fome months, till the cefTation of arms took 
 place, at which time their irons were taken 
 off, the door of their prilbnkept open all day, 
 and ever after ufed in the fame manner as 
 
 we
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 we were. We learned from our fervants, 
 that what we heard of the guard in the be- 
 ginning of July, regarding our Europeans 
 and Sepoys, was ftridtly true. 
 
 On the 26th, having received no allow- 
 ance of rice or pice for the preceding day, 
 we afked for fome victuals, and fome hours 
 after, a feer of rice and one pice was deli- 
 vered to each perfon. We were amazed at, 
 and did not know how to account for the 
 reduction of our pittance ; for, as peace 
 was concluded, we naturally imagined our 
 allowance would rather have been augment- 
 ed than reduced -, but, on making an en- 
 quiry into the caufe, we were told, that the 
 Commiffioners from Madras, employed in 
 negotiating the treaty, had ftipulated for no 
 kind of provifions for us, and that the Na- 
 waub had fent orders to furnifh us with juft 
 as much as was barely fufficient to fupport 
 life. 
 
 In the evening we received in elligence 
 
 from a Sepoy, who had formerly been in the 
 
 Englifh fervice, that Dowlat Bhauee had 
 
 S 4 detained 
 
 279
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 detained fifteen of our drummers and flave- 
 boys, and confined them in an houfe clofc 
 to that where he lived ; alfo, that the Jem- 
 midar had kept back ten European foldiers, 
 and twenty-three Sepoys, whom he fepa- 
 ratelv confined in different parts of the 
 fort, and had given out that they were 
 dead. 
 
 This day and the 27th, feveral parties of 
 our European foldiers and Sepoys, from va- 
 rious parts of the country, joined us ; and, 
 as foon as they could get an opportunity, 
 many of them mewed their gratitude and 
 generofity, by fending feveral of us a little 
 money, which they had contrived to fave 
 when they w r ere firfr, taken. As feveral of- 
 ficers obtained permiffion to vifit their men, 
 we learned that the Europeans had been 
 better ufed than we were, except at one 
 place, where, having only a feer of rauggy, 
 and one pice to fubfift on, they gave part of 
 that allowance for pieces of dried fheep- 
 fkins, which being the only fort of animal 
 food they could procure, they were afflicted 
 with the flux to fuch a degree, that out of 
 
 two
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 two Hundred and thirty, only one 
 hundred and thirteen furvived ; and the 
 enemy were fo rigid, as not even to al- 
 low them to wafh their hands and faces 
 or comb their hair, for the fpace of 
 four months. Our Sepoys were equally 
 opprefTed in every prifon, all of them having 
 "been employed as coolies, carrying mud, 
 ftones, and chunam, the whole 'time of 
 their confinement, without any other allow- 
 ance than one feer of rauggy and one pice 
 to each ; befides which, they were daily 
 punifhed with ftripes, and threatened to be 
 hanged for refuting to enter into the 
 Nawaub's fervice, and in confequence of 
 this cruel treatment great numbers of them 
 died. One circumftance, with which we 
 were made acquainted by fome of the Euro- 
 pean foldiers, fo much redounds to the 
 honour of the Sepoys, that it ought not to 
 pafs unnoticed. In fome of the prifons 
 where the Europeans and Sepoys were con- 
 fined together, the latter faved money out 
 of their daily allowance, and purchafed 
 meat for the former, at the fame time tell- 
 ing them, they well knew the cuftorns of 
 Europeans, and that they could not fubiift 
 
 without
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 without it. When on their march, alfo, 
 they would not fufFer the Europeans to carry 
 their knapfacks, but the Sepoys took them 
 and carried them themfelves, telling the Lu- 
 ropeans they were better able to bear the 
 -heat of the fun than they were, the climate 
 being natural to them, 
 
 On the 28th, doolies having been provi- 
 ded for the fick, we began our march, 
 guarded by an efcort of fixty cavalry, and 
 five hundred infantry, under the command 
 of Meer Buckfhy, for Oofcottah, where, as 
 Dowlat Bhauee informed us, all the prilbn- 
 crs were to be collected, and where we 
 fhould meet fome of our own gentlemen 
 fent from Madras, provided with money, 
 and every other article requifite for our re- 
 ception. The doolies were only four feet 
 long, and in every refpect fo bad and in- 
 commodious, that no perfon who could 
 poffibly crawl would accept of one. Be- 
 fore we quitted the burying-ground, we ob- 
 tained a promife to march at what hour we 
 chofe; but that promife was not adhered to, 
 for we feldom or ever decamped before 
 fun-rife. During the march, and after we 
 
 halted,
 
 APPENDIX. 283 
 
 halted, the guards were very particular in 
 keeping the feveral parties feparate : but the 
 Buckfhy was ib good as to allow many of 
 the Europeans to take off their irons. 
 
 We had made but few marches, before 
 we found that rice alone had not fufficient 
 fuftenance in it to fupport us under the fa- 
 tigues of conftant marching in the fun ; we 
 therefore made a propofal to the bazar-man, 
 to fupply us with more necefTaries of life 
 out of his mop, 'at the rate of four pagodas 
 for one, to be paid him on our arrival at 
 Oofcottah, to which, after much entreaty, 
 he feemingly with reluctance confented; but 
 he exacted fuch an extravagant price for 
 every article, that we did not receive more 
 than the value of half a rupee for every 
 four pagodas ; however, that was a matter 
 of very little confequence, when put in con- 
 fideration with the prefervation of our lives. 
 
 Nothing further material happened till 
 our arrival at Seerahungy, on the 8th of 
 April, when the Buckmy informed us, he 
 expected a gentleman high in the Compa- 
 ny's
 
 284 A P P E N D I X. 
 
 ny's civil fervice at Madras, would overtake 
 us that night, as he had heard he was very 
 near ; and the next morning, before the 
 rear had marched off the ground, the gen- 
 tleman alluded to, and Enfign Fomblong, 
 of the fame eftablimment, overtook us . The 
 appearance of thefe gentlemen gave us in- 
 expreflible fatisfaction, for nothing could be 
 more agreeable to us, at this time, than 
 meeting with fome of our own countrymen, 
 Thofe gentlemen who were in the rear were 
 very cordially received by Mr. Fomblong ; 
 but the other Englifh gentleman's conduct 
 was not fo pleafing, for though he had it 
 much in his power to have affifted us if he 
 had chofen it, when he was requefted by 
 one of the officers to ufe his endeavours 
 with the Buckihy, to have all the men ta- 
 ken out of irons, he replied, " the foliation 
 " the troops were then in was the bejl andje- 
 " cur eft iv ay of marching them" 
 
 Another officer reprefented to this gen- 
 tleman the many diftreffes of the officer? 
 and men, and particularly mentioned their 
 being bare-footed, as alfo the neceffity we 
 
 were
 
 APPENDIX. 285 
 
 were reduced to of purchafing the mere lie- 
 ceflaries of life from the bazar-man, at fuch 
 an exorbitant intereft. In anfwer to which, 
 this gentleman told him, he could give us 
 no affiftance ; he and alked him, how he in- 
 tended to difcharge the bazar debt ? Then 
 immediately turning to another officer, with 
 the cooleft indifference, he afked him what 
 corps he belonged to. The officer who ad- 
 dreiied this gentleman in behalf of himfelf 
 and fellow-furTerers, was fo mocked at thofe 
 words, and his behaviour, that he could 
 make him no anfwer, but took his leave in 
 filent aflonimment. 
 
 This extraordinary behaviour in a gentle- 
 man who polIerTed ample means of doing us 
 fervice, hurt our feelings more fenfibly than 
 any thing we had hitherto experienced. 
 Such treatment from the enemy might, in 
 fome degree, have been expected ; but to re- 
 ceive it from one of our own countrymen, 
 and from the firft perfon, too, who was an 
 eye-witnefs of our diflrefs, was cruel beyOnd 
 meafure. Allowing, what indeed but too 
 plainly appeared, that this gentleman did 
 
 not
 
 286 APPENDIX* 
 
 not polTefs much of the milk of human na* 
 ture, yet furely fuch a fcene of diftrefs might 
 have provoked fome fparks of compamon, 
 cfpecially as the amflance he might have 
 procured for us, would have coft him no 
 more than a bare application to the perfon 
 under whole charge we then were. After 
 a fhort fray, this gentleman and Enfign 
 Fomblong proceeded on their way to Ban- 
 galore, the former leaving us a prefent of 
 fix bottles and an half of various forts of 
 liquors, which our fituation did not allow 
 us to refufe, as we concluded it might be 
 of fervice to fome of our companions who 
 were fick. 
 
 On the 1 2th, having loft, by death, only 
 two Europeans, we arrived at Oofcottah, 
 where we found Lieutenant Dallas, of the 
 Madras cavalry, who had been appointed by 
 the comrmmoners to receive the prifoners. 
 Mr. Dallas's behaviour was widely different 
 from that of the gentleman, whofe conduct 
 I have been relating. The contrail was a 
 very pleaiing one, for Mr. Dalls came to us 
 in the evening, accompanied by Lieutenant 
 
 M'Alliitor
 
 APPENDIX. 287 
 
 M'Alliftor and Cornet Leonard, of the Ma- 
 dras cavalry, and with the mod friendly 
 good nature, offered every afliftance he was 
 able to afford us. 
 
 On the 1 3th, another party of prifoners 
 arrived, whom the Commiffioners had col- 
 lected on their march from Mangalore, 
 when a fecond happy meeting enfued, and 
 in the evening we all joined Lieutenant 
 Dallas, and were delivered over in change 
 to Beem Row, a Bramin appointed by the 
 Nawaub to conduct the Britifh prifoners 
 from Oofcottah to the Carnatic. We now 
 enjoyed a greater fcope of liberty, than we 
 had ever done lines we were captured, 
 being allowed to range over the whole 
 camp ; and Beem Row- was fb good as to 
 take all the troops out of irons, though he 
 had orders to the contrary : we alfo lived in 
 perfect luxury, compared to our lata mode 
 of exifting, for Mr. Dallas furnifhed us 
 with tents, and daily fupplied us with meat 
 and liquors - y and ufed all his exertions to 
 give general fatisfaction. This day arrived 
 from Bangalore Mr. Sadlier, and Colonel 
 
 Braith-
 
 288 APPENDIX* 
 
 Braithwaite, of the Madras establishment* 
 which latter gentleman obtained permif- 
 iion from the Nawaub to proceed to 
 Madras, with Mr. Sadlier, before the other 
 prifoners : they accordingly fet out for the 
 Carnatic the next morning, leaving a large 
 quantity of the Company's liquors, and two 
 thoufand pagodas, which fum was after- 
 wards diftributed, referving a part for the 
 other prifoners, who were hourly expected : 
 each of the officers received two pagodas, 
 each of the failors one pagoda and an half, 
 and each foldier one pagoda j the Sepoys 
 did not receive any until fome days after, 
 when they each fhared one rupee and an 
 half* Each of the officers alfo received a 
 hat, a pair of fhoes, four pair of ftockings, 
 and a fufficient quantity of broad cloth for 
 one coat ; thefe articles having been fent up 
 by the Government of Madras. 
 
 APPENDIX.
 
 t 289 ] 
 
 APPEND I X; 
 
 : \ 
 
 
 
 c. 
 
 Prifon Song in Seringapatam. 
 
 I. 
 
 E folks of Madras,. <jc. 
 
 Who your time gaily pals, 
 Unheeclful of forrow's fad tale ; 
 
 Could you lift to my fong, 
 
 You'd not think it wrong 
 To take a fhort peep at our Jail ; 
 
 The writer fo merry, 
 
 The ftiff fecretary, 
 The gorger on turkey and ham, 
 
 Not doom'd to relieve, 
 
 Might laugh in his fleeve 
 At his friends in Serlngapatam. 
 
 VOL. II. T ut
 
 290 APPENDIX. 
 
 II. 
 
 But, firft, could you guefs 
 
 Our whimfical drefs, 
 Or fhould I the matter difclofe ; 
 
 I fear, on my life, 
 
 Whether maiden or wife, 
 Your ladies might cock up their nofe : 
 
 Shirt, jacket and trowzers, 
 
 And chains, curfed rowzers, 
 Which oft we eternally -damn, 
 
 The chief drefs compofe 
 
 Of your prifon-pent beaux, 
 In jail at Seringapatam. 
 
 III. 
 
 Nor let me refufe, 
 
 Like an ill-natur'd mufe, 
 But gladly include in my tafk, 
 
 So worthy of lays, 
 
 Let me fmg the loud praife 
 Of the fagely-contriv'd gally-gafs :, 
 
 Ceafe Pinchley, to crack, 
 
 With your friend at your back, 
 Your inventions are all but a fham 
 
 To this guard o' the fkin, 
 
 On each fliambling (bin, 
 In chains at Seringapatam. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Some fops of the place, 
 With fcraps of dull lace, 
 
 Their
 
 APPENDIX; 
 
 Their old batter'd beavers bedeck ; 
 
 Whilft with patches of red 
 
 Some their jackets befpread, 
 For want of a cuff or a neck : 
 
 In huge moorman's flippers, 
 
 Not unlike Dutch (kippers, 
 Some make a moft graceful falam ; 
 
 Whilft feme with their toes 
 
 Sticking out of their fhces 
 Trudge the jail of Seringapatam. 
 
 V. 
 
 At breakfaft our food 
 
 Might not appear good, 
 Compar'd with your toaft and your tea j 
 
 Yet the praifes I'll utter 
 
 Of conjee and butter, 
 Or hoppers well fried in good ghee. 
 
 We've thick four tyre *, 
 
 .What can we defire, 
 And all for a golden fanarri : 
 
 We've milk and we've rice, 
 
 And we've every thing nice, 
 In the jail of Seringapatam. 
 
 VI. 
 
 For dinner we ufe 
 
 The moft delicate ftews^ 
 
 * Sour milk. 
 
 T 2 Serv'd
 
 202 APPENDIX. 
 
 Serv'cl up in a new-fafhion'd ftyle ; 
 
 Yet when in a hurry 
 
 Difpenfe with a curry, 
 Tho' fometimes we've roaftand we've boil'd : 
 
 No pinch'd pitty-patty, 
 
 Each man has his chatty 
 Of high-flavour'd goat or of ram, 
 
 Then drinks in pure water 
 
 Wife, Miftrefs, or Daughter : 
 The toaft at Seringapatam. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Then could you but fee 
 
 Our afternoon's tea, 
 Your cuftoms to better muft yield ; 
 
 Nor would you fip long 
 
 Your flop of Souchong, 
 But fly to the herb of the field ; 
 
 When jaggary fyrup 
 
 We mix and we ftir up, 
 Convinc'd you'd furrender the palm, 
 
 And ftrike off old Hyfon, 
 
 That nervous flow poifon, 
 For tea qf Seringapatam. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Some fly faving cubs, 
 
 By hoarding their dubs, 
 I'll warrant old hands at that trade ; 
 
 Oft indulge in a fwinger 
 
 Of nice preierv'd ginger, 
 Or orange in rich marmalade : 
 
 0'<r
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Our evenings we pafs, 
 
 Like the gay at Madras, 
 With Whift, with Spadille, and with Pam, 
 
 Cheroot *, hubble-bubble, 
 
 Then fmother our trouble 
 In jail at Serin2;apatam. 
 
 IX. 
 
 Each temperate day 
 
 With health glides away, 
 No triflings f our forenoons profane ; 
 
 We kick up our cruppers 
 
 At high-feafon'd fuppers, 
 Which fleep from our eyes might detain : 
 
 Yet forne with difgrace- 
 
 Have bepimpled their face 
 By decodlion of doll pr of gram, 
 
 Or the high plantain fritter, 
 
 For freedom much fitter 
 Than jail at Seringapatam. 
 
 X. 
 
 Nor here be forgot 
 
 Our neat bamboo cot, 
 Unpainted, uncarv'd, and unguilt ; 
 
 Nor that beft of all rugs. 
 
 When diverted of bugs, 
 Which we find in a beggarman's. quilt : 
 
 We lay ourfelves flat 
 
 On a clean three-dub mat, 
 
 Cheroot is tobbacco rolled up in Sugars, 
 f- Luncheons. 
 
 T 3 Ouj 
 
 293
 
 294- APPENDIX. 
 
 Our pillows with draw we do cram ; 
 
 We find fweet repofe, 
 
 Often freed from our foes, 
 Oft releas'd from Seringapatam. 
 
 XI. 
 
 You'd think we were far gone 
 
 To hear but the jargon 
 Of nations fo ftrangely combin'd ; 
 
 We've Danes and we've Dutchmen, 
 
 You fcarce have feen fuch men, 
 And fcarcely again will you find : 
 
 We've Sawneys and Paddies, 
 
 And braw Highland laddies, 
 Free Britons in here too they ramm; 
 
 The Swifs and the Frenchman, 
 
 The leek-loving Welchman, 
 AHchain'd in Seringapatam. 
 
 XII. 
 
 Each trade, each profeflion, 
 
 In various progreffion, 
 You'd find in our prifon's fmall round ; 
 
 We've carpenters, taylors, 
 
 We've fnuffmen, and Tailors, 
 And fage politicians profound: 
 
 The lawyer, phyfician, 
 
 The cruel mufician, 
 The good Commandant Sid Abram ; 
 
 The painter, the poet, 
 
 The great wit, the no wit, 
 All, all in Seringapatam. 
 
 The
 
 APPENDIX. 295 
 
 XIII. 
 
 The Muflulmans baut* 
 
 Is extenfively taught, 
 Nor pafs we our days like dull fots j 
 
 With a ft one for a fcraper, 
 
 Deny'd pen and paper, 
 We write on the fragments of pots : 
 
 We've books few in number, 
 
 But not like your lumber 
 Our ftielves do they ufelefsly jamm ; 
 
 Each night in the guard, 
 
 Left we ftudy too hard, 
 They're fecur'd, in Seringapatamf. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Some fweet recreation, 
 
 Each day in rotation, 
 The fadnefs of each doth amufe ; 
 
 Nor like Wife Men of Gotum^ 
 
 Reject we Tee-totum, 
 Chuck marbles, or Game of the Goofe ; 
 
 Some roar the loud fong, 
 
 " To Anacreons" 
 
 ^ Language of Moors. 
 
 -| So /uperftitious and abfurd was their dread of EuropeanSj though in 
 prifon, and fo extravagant the notions' they entertained of our art and 
 knowledge, that t'.iey were apprehenfive left, if the few books we had 
 fhouid be left in our hands in the night time, we might in fome unlucky 
 hour, by means of fome fpe'.ls or enchantments, in which they might be 
 inftrumental, contrive to make our efcape, or to overcome our guards and 
 deftroy the prifon , 
 
 T 4 More
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 More pioufly fome raife a Pfalm ; 
 Some rattle the dice, 
 Some catch rats and mice, 
 
 Jnjail at Seringapatam. 
 
 XV. 
 
 Still thus let's difguife 
 
 Our fadnefs and fighs, 
 Thus chace away chilly defpair ; 
 
 Refign'd to our woes, 
 
 And the chains of our foes, 
 Submit to the foldier's hard fare 5 
 
 Let's think each to-morrow 
 
 Muft fhorten our forrow, 
 Let hope ferve inftead of a dram, 
 
 That freedom once more 
 
 May open the door 
 Of our Jail at Seringapatam, 
 
 APPEN-
 
 [ 297 I 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 D. 
 
 Prifon Song in Bangalore* 
 I. 
 
 ./\.T length now that liberty dawns, 
 The Mufe who lay dormant fo long 5 
 
 Companion to m^'ry in bonds, 
 Upraifes her head with a fong. 
 
 To you our old friends in Madras, - 
 Who furely our fufF'rings bewail ; 
 
 While your hours fo cheerfully pafs, 
 View the fcenes of our Bangalore jail. 
 
 II. 
 
 In affluence rolling at eafe, . 
 You've nothing to hope or to fear ; 
 
 You live and you rove as you pleafe, 
 Unconfcious of what pafles here. 
 
 Retire then from pleafure and play, 
 And lift to our forrowful tale ; 
 
 Regard not the news of the da), 
 While we fliew you our Bangalore jail,
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 III. 
 
 How can we be cheerful and gay, 
 When hunger affails us fo keen j 
 
 How can we with fix cafh a day, 
 Repel the invafion .of fpleen ? 
 
 In vain our hard fate we repine, 
 In vain on our fortunes we rail ; 
 
 On Muiiaga Tony we dine, 
 Or Conjee, in Bangalore jail. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Like horfes we're pent in a (hade, 
 Like felons we're loaded with chains ; 
 
 And while mother earth is our bed, 
 We float in the time of the rains. 
 
 The cemiiKus plac'd at the door, 
 Are for our fecurity bail $ 
 
 With mufkets and chaubucks fecure, 
 They gmgd us in Bangalore jail. 
 
 V. 
 
 Along the Yeraada we ftalk, 
 And think on paft pleafure with pain ; 
 
 With arms enfolded we walk, 
 And figh for thofe pleasures again. 
 
 And oft is our thinking coiifin'd, 
 To means of projecting a meal ; 
 
 Which if we effect to our mind, 
 We're happy in Bangalore jail. 
 
 VI.
 
 APPENDIX. 299 
 
 VI. 
 
 As famine approaches our gate, 
 More faving we grow in our fare ; 
 
 Refolv'd to encounter our fate, 
 We bury the thoughts of defpair. 
 
 We feel with regret our decay, 
 So meagre, fo lank, and fo pale ; 
 
 Like ghoib we are rang'd in array, 
 When mufter'd in Bangalore jail. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Then while the beft days of our prime, 
 Walk flowly and wretchedly on ; 
 
 We pafs the dull hours of our time 
 With marbles, cards, dice, or a fong ; 
 
 While others (it mending their clothes, 
 Which long fince began for to fail ; 
 
 Amufements that lighten the woes 
 Of the captive in BangaloreJ^l. 
 
 VIII. , 
 
 The doftor, with joy in his face, 
 Arrives with a timely fupply; 
 
 He brings the glad tidings of peace, 
 And that our releafement is nigh. 
 
 Since freedom to vifit us deigns, 
 In raptures we open the mail ; 
 
 Difcordant we rattle our chains, 
 The mufic of Bangalore jail. 
 
 APPEN-
 
 [ 3 ] 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 E. 
 
 Pri/bn Expences of Seringapatarn 
 
 Expences of fitting up a Prifoner newly arrived at Scringapatam, 
 
 VyNE piece of coarfe cloth, which makes 7 
 two fhirts - 3 
 
 Chints for one jacket - 
 
 Lining for ditto '- 
 
 Moorman's flippers - - 
 
 Leather and tape for galligafkins* 
 
 Beggarman's quilt, of old ragsf 
 
 Mat to flecp on - 
 
 Straw for pillows 
 
 Basket for clothes - 
 
 An earthen chatty to eat off 
 
 One earthen bafon, 2 goglets 
 
 A china or wooden fpoon 
 
 Half piece of Dungeree, for pillow-cafes, 7 
 towels, &c. - - - - - 5 
 
 A long drawer ftring - 
 
 A woodrr. comb - 
 
 }-: -ury Pot (mplafles) - 
 
 1 -:i 
 
 7 . ;lp - - - - . - 
 
 1'ape to queau hair - 
 
 * The galligafkins are made of leather, and wore under the irons to 
 prefcrve the (kin. 
 
 -}- A beggarman's quilt was a garment made of rags, coileded from all 
 ba.vk, and of all colours, wathed and f wed together. It was warm and 
 omfoitable, though an objediof laughter. 
 
 Article* 
 
 F. 
 
 >. 
 
 C, 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 2 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 I 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 T 
 
 O 
 
 c 
 
 01 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 2 
 
 oj.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Articles of Luxury, only to be obtained by 
 the Opuknt after a Leiigth of Saving. ' 
 
 V_xNE common knife - 
 
 F, 
 
 i 
 
 '). 
 
 T 
 
 C. 
 
 o 
 
 One pen ditto - 
 
 o 
 
 C, 
 
 o 
 
 One comley, as a covering; 
 
 4 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 Bambo. s and ropes fora cot 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Bamboos for ~ ih>ei 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Paper per laeec - 
 
 o 
 
 . i 
 
 2 
 
 R^LUS for pens, each 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Sweetmeats, per f'ick 
 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 C 1 . 
 
 
 
 
 Six limes _____ 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 T7 
 
 
 
 
 Six guanas - 
 
 c 
 .a 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 1 :;ree mangoes - 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 Eight cheroots - 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 Tobacco in ftalk (reed for fmoking) 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 Dreffing a hubble-bubble per week, at ? 
 
 
 
 
 three chillums* per day (three or four) \ 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 Keeping a pair of pigeons, per week 
 
 C 
 
 J 
 
 2 
 
 Paint, paper, pafte, &c. for making a pack ? 
 
 
 
 
 of cards ----- ^ 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 Ditto for making back-gammon table - 
 Ivory for one pair of dice - 
 
 3 
 O 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 Cheib-board 01 paper, and men 
 
 0[ 8 
 
 3 ? 
 
 * CKILLUMS are balls of tobacco and plrmtains, and teruln Tpke
 
 302 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 One Week's Expence for a Mefs of Eight Gentlemen: 
 Breakfajl and Dinner. 
 
 MONDAY. 
 
 
 t/i 
 
 
 TUESDAY. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J3 
 
 
 Cutcheree. 
 
 S.|q 
 
 C4 
 
 Fowl Curry. 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 Four loaves bread 
 
 o 9 
 
 
 
 Bread 
 
 o 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Milk 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 Milk 
 
 : 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 Butter 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 Butter 
 
 c 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 Burnt rice, as a ~j 
 fubftitute for > 
 coffee - J 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 C 
 
 Rice-coffee 
 Four fowls 
 Curry fluff 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 Q 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Rice 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 o 
 
 Two feef rice - 
 
 C 
 
 7 
 
 o 
 
 Doll 
 Ghee 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 o Ghee 
 o Greens 
 
 
 
 b 
 
 7 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 Onions 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 Chatties - 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Cloves, &c. 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 Wood - 
 
 o ! f. 
 
 o 
 
 Wood - 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Salt 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 4(0 
 
 3_ 
 
 Total 
 
 5 
 
 R 
 
 
 
 WEDNESDAY. 
 
 g 
 
 S 
 
 : : 
 
 THURSDAY. 
 
 4-i 
 
 
 Mutton Curry. 
 
 
 r 
 
 j 
 
 Mutton Baked. 
 
 Ip 
 
 ~ 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bread 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 ; 
 
 Bread - 
 
 c 
 
 g 
 
 o 
 
 Milk 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 Vlilk 
 
 c 
 
 2 
 
 j 
 
 Butter 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Gutter 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rice-coffee 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ^ice-coffee 
 
 g 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 One quarter mutton 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 Vluttton 2 quarters 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 Rice 
 
 C 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 Greens 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 Curry fluff 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 Spices 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Ghee 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 ^epper - 
 
 : 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Greens 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 3 
 
 Salt 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 Wood - 
 
 C 
 
 4 
 
 
 Wood - - - 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 Total 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 Total 
 
 6 
 
 5 2 
 
 FRIDAY. 
 
 .
 
 A P P E N D I X. 
 
 33 
 
 FRIDAY. 
 
 
 C 
 
 i 
 
 SATURDAY. 
 
 g 
 
 i 
 
 . 
 
 Doll Pepper Water. 
 
 JH 
 
 f 
 
 cj 
 
 J 
 
 Fowl Curry. 
 
 .-- 
 
 : 
 
 J 
 
 Bread 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 Bread 
 
 D 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 Milk - - 
 
 
 
 :\ 
 
 I 
 
 Milk 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 Butter 
 
 
 
 -1 
 
 O 
 
 Butter 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Rice-coffee 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 o Rice-coffee 
 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 Doll 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 o iFoiir fowls 
 
 2 
 
 <3 
 
 C 
 
 Rice 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 2 Ghee - * " 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Curry fluff 
 Ghee 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 ; 
 
 2 (Curry fluff . 
 o Onions 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 Wood - 
 
 :. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Rice 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wood - 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chilleys - 
 
 o 
 
 
 a 
 
 Total 
 
 3 
 
 s 
 
 i. 
 
 Total j 
 
 6 
 
 4 i : 
 
 SUNDAY. 
 
 
 r 
 
 fi 
 
 TOTAL EXPENCES 
 
 sULs 
 
 Mutton Curry. 
 
 -' 
 
 Q 
 
 r: 
 
 OF THE WEEK- 
 
 :2j5j3 
 
 Bread 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 o 
 
 Monday - 
 
 4 
 
 j 
 
 ' 
 
 Butter 
 
 j 
 
 4 
 
 P 
 
 Tuefday - 
 
 5 
 
 8 o] 
 
 Milk 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 J 
 
 Wednefday 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Rice-coffee 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Thurfday 
 
 6 
 
 S 
 
 2 
 
 Mutton - 
 
 : 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Friday 
 
 3 
 
 
 L 
 
 Rice 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 Saturday - 
 
 c 
 
 ' 
 
 I 
 
 Ghee 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Sunday 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 Q 
 
 Curry fluff 
 Woc'd - 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 35 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 Greens 
 Total 
 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 'Received from 7 
 1 Hyder - | 
 
 ' 
 
 a 
 
 -j 
 
 r 
 
 7 
 
 Bv
 
 304. APPENDIX. 
 
 By the above calculation, each gentle- 
 man mares two gold fanams and feven dubs 
 per week ; and there remains three dubs 
 and three ca(h in the caterer's hands to- 
 wards the expences of the week enfuing. 
 This furplus, from being laid out in Pia 
 arrack in the early age of this fociety, ob- 
 tained, and ftill goes by the name of Ar- 
 rack Money, and is our only fund for 
 clothes, payment of a fanam per month 
 each to a wamerman, medicines, and the 
 incidental expences of jaggary, oil, foap, 
 limes, thread, needles, tape, chatties, pub- 
 lic fubfcriptions, &c. &c. The fanam 
 changes for eleven dubs and four cafh; 
 one dub, eleven fanams, one pagoda
 
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