,UC-NRLF 3Da S5b REGULATIONS VA. MILITARY INSTITUTE, LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA. AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING EXTRACTS FROM THE GENERAL REGULATIONS OF THE ARMY. RICHMOND : MACFARIANE & PERGUSSON, 1854. / 3 S^l (i)xhm. Virginia Military Institute, > July 4t/i, 1854. ] The following revised Regulations having been pre- pared by the Board of Visitors under the authority vested in them by law, is directed that they shall be in force from and after the 1st day of September next. By command of the Board of Visitors, FRANCIS H. SMITH. Superintendent V. M. I. M64185 CONTENTS. PAGE Article I. Organization 23 IL Admission of Cadets .... 27 III. Uniform, Furniture, &c . . . .31 IV. Accounts. . . . . . . 32 V. Course of Instruction. , . . .33 VI. Classification of Cadets and Manner of Instruction . . . . . 37 VII. General Examinations . . . .38 VIII. Merit Rolls 39 IX. Leaves of Absence . . . .42 X. Library 43 XL Discipline 44 XII. Miscellaneous 50 XIII. Regulations for the Interior Police and Discipline of the Institute . . 52 APPENDIX. — Extracts from the General Regulations of the U. S. Army ... 73 HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR OP VIRGINIA, Inspector (Ex-Officio.) BOARD OF VISITORS. Col. Wm. B. Taliaferro, President, Gloucester. Gen. Wm. H. Richardson, Adj, General, Richmond. Qen, D. B. Layne, .... Alleghany. Wm. Seymour, Esq Hardy. James Barbour, Esq Culpeper. Benj. F. Garrett, Esq. . . . Halifax. Col. Benj. R. Floyd, .... Wythe. O. W. Langfitt, Esq, , . . . Brooke. ACADEMIC STAFF. Col. Francis H. Smith, A. M., Superintendent and Pro- fessor of Mathematics. Maj. J. T. L. Preston, A. M., Professor of Languages and English Literature. Maj. T. H. Williamson, Professor of Engineering, Ar- chitecture and Drawing. Maj. Wm. Gilliam, A. M., Professor of Chemistry, In- structor of Infantry Tactics and Com't of Cadets. Maj. ^Thomas J. Jackson, Professor of Natural and Ex- perimental Philosophy and Instructor of Artillery. Maj. R. E. Colston, Professor of French Language. Capt. J. W. Allen, Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Infantry Tactics. Lieut. Daniel Truehart, do. do. do. Lieut. Henry A. Whiting, Assistant Professor of Lan- guages and Infantry Tactics. REGULATIONS FOR THE A LIST, Showing the members of each Board of Visiters to the Jhginia Military Institute, since its organization in 1839. 1839-40. C. Cro^et, President, C. P. Dorman, P. C. Johnston, Alfred Leyburn, Bernard Peyton, Ad, Genl, James McDowell, Thomas H. Botts, Hugh Barclay, John F. Wiley, John T. L. Preston, 1840-41, C. Crozet, Prest, C. P. Dorman, P. C. Johnston, Alfred Leyburn, Bernard Peyton, M, Genl. James McDowell, ThoT:.as H. Botts, Hugh Barclay, William Ligon, George H. Lee. C. Crozet, Prest., P. C. Johnston, Thomas H. Botts, William Ligon, C. P. Dorman, C. Crozet, Prest., P. C. Johnston, Thomas H. Botts, William Ligon, C. P. Dorman, C. Crozet, Prest., P. C. Johnston, 1841-42. A. Leyburn, John McDowell, H. Barclay, George H. Lee, W^m. H. Richardson, Ad. 01. 1842-43. A. Leyburn, James McDowell, George H. Lee, Wm. H. Richardson, Ad. Gl. John N. Tazewell. 1843-44. A. Leyburn, George H. Lee. VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. Thomas H. Botts. William Ligon, C. P. Dorman, Wm. H. Richardson, Ad. Gl. John N. Tazewell, John W. Brockenbrough, C. Crozet, Prest. P. C. Johnston, Thomas H. Botts, William Ligon, C. P. Dorman, 1844-45. A. Ley burn, George H. Lee, Wm. H. Richardson, Ad, Gl. John W. Brockenbrough' Charles Dimmock. 1845-6. P. C. Johnston, Prest., Robert Wallace, C. P. Dorman, Jas. McD. Taylor, vice Lee, A, Ley burn, Corbin Braxton, George H. Lee, William Daniel, Wm. H. Richardson, ^^. G/.George W. Munford, vice Dimmock. John W. Brockenbrough, W. H. Caruthers^ vice Brockenbrough. C. Dimmock, J. G. Paxton, vice Caruthers, 1346-47. P. C. Johnston, P. St. George Cocke, C. P. Dorman, R. A. Thompson, Wm H. Richardson, Ad. G/.Inman Horner, Corbin Braxton, Prest,, Robert Johnston, George W. Munford, John Jordan. 1847-48. P.C.Johnston, P. St. George Cocke, C. P. Dorman, Robert Johnston, Wm. H. Richardson, Ad. GIG. Cuthbert Powell, Corbin Braxton, Prest., P. H. Steenbergen, George W. Munford, W. P. Tunstall. 10 VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 1848-49. W. H. Richardson, Ad, GL, J. B. Floyd, declined, Corbin Braxton, Prest., Geo. W. Thompson, Geo. W. Munford, Ed. P. Scott, P. St. Geo. Cocke, Wm. H. Terrill, P. H. Steenbergen, P. C. Johnston, vice Floyd. C. J. Faulkner, 1849-50. W. H. Richardson, Ad, GL, John S. Barbour, Sr., Corbin Braxton, Prest., D. B. Layne, P. St. Geo. Cocke, Jno. M. Daniel, declined, P. H. Steenbergen, Harvey George, C. J. Faulkner, W. W. Crump, vice Daniel. E. P. Scott, 1850-51. W. H. Richardson, Ad. GL, Douglas B. Layne, Corbin Braxton, Harvey George, P. St. Geo. Cocke, Prest., W. W. Crump, P. H. Steenbergen, E. C. Robinson. C. J. Faulkner, 1851-52. W. H. Richardson, Ad. GL, Geo. Blow, Jr., P. St. Geo. Cocke, Prest., Robt. W. Baylor, D. B. Layne, P. Henry Aylett, W. W. Crump, W. A. Street, vice Crump, A. J. O'Bannon, J. G. Stringer. 1852-53. W. H. Richardson, ^^. GL, J. F. Snodgrass, declined, D. B. Layne, Sam. V. Fulkerson, W. B. Taliaferro, Rob. A. Gray, W. A. Streit, Saml. F. Hays, vice Snod- Fran. M. Boykin, [grass. Geo. W. Brent, VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 11 1853-54. W. H. Richardson, Ad, GL Sam. F. Hays, D. B. Layne, W. Seymour, W. B. Taliaferro, James Barbour, F. M. Boykin, Prest, Benj. F. Garrett, Sam. V. Fulkerson, 1854-55. W. H. Richardson, Ad. GL W. Seymour, D. B. Layne, James Barbour, W. B. Taliaferro, Prest., B. F. Garrett, F. M. Boykin, B. R. Floyd, Sam. F. Hays, 0. W. Langfitt, vice Hays. SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE OF STUDIES AT THE VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. -n ^ i STUDIES. TEXT BOOKS. Arithmetic. Smith and Duke. < Algebra and Geometry. Smith, Legendre. 1st. year. hJ o English Grammar. Bullion. K Geography. Mitchell. ^ French. Levizac, Gil Bias. Trigonometry. Legendre. i. Analytical Geometry. Smith's Biol. Vi Descriptive Geometry. Davies. ] Shades, Shadows and Perspective. Lectures. 2d. year. M o Differential and Integral Calculus. Church. Q French. Gil Bias and Picot. W Latin. Drawing, Landscape. Cajsarand Virgil. i Mechanics, Optic?, and Astronomy Bartlett. 3d. year. 2 Chemistry. Rogers, Turner. o Latin. Horace, liivy, Terence. j 1 Drawing, Topography and Linear. Geology and Mineralogy. Hitchcock and Dana. • Military and Civil Engineering. Mahan and Williamson. to Rhetoric. Blair, Whateley and Lectures. English Literature Chambers. 4th. year. o Infantry Tactics. Scott. 1 Artillery Tactics. Army and Kingsbury. Agricultural Chemistry. Norton and Lectures. Moral Philosophy. Paley. Cadets are assigned to classes, according to their previous preparation, except that no cadet can enter a higher class than the second. The cadets are daily practised in military exercises, at such hours as shall not interfere with their regular studies. CODE OF VIROINIA. CHAPTER XXXIV. ' ' MILITARY SCHOOL AND LEXINGTON ARSENAL. 1. The Military School established in the county of Rockbridge, near the town of Lexington, shall be contin- ued under the name of '' The Virginia Military Institute," and for the support of the said school, the sum of seven thousand seven hundred and ten dollars shall be annually paid out of the public treasury, and in addition thereto, fifteen hundred dollars shall be paid out of the surplus revenue of the Literary Fund, as directed by the sixth section of the seventy-ninth chapter. 2. There shall be a Board of Visitors for the Institution composed of the Adjutant General and eight other per- sons, two of whom shall be, annually, appointed by the Governor of each Grand Division of the State. 3. The Board shall meet at the Institution. A meet- ing shall be held, annually, at such time as may have been designated for their annual meeting in their last resolution on the subject. A meeting may also be called at any time by the Adjutant General, or by the Superintendent of the Institution, when either may deem it advisable. And the Board may adjourn from time to time. 4. Any vacancy in the Board of Visitors shall be com- municated by the Adjutant General to the Governor, who shall forthwith supply the same. 5. Such reasonable expenses as the Visitors may incur in the discharge of their duties, shall be allowed by the Governor, and paid by warrant on the treasury. 6. The Board may make by-laws and regulations, not inconsistent with the laws of the State, for their own 16 REGULATIONS FOR THE government and the management of the affairs of the . Institvitipn, and may, for the purpose of transacting such busirjie^^G is; ii; iU- opinion can be properly transacted, by c 2^ less number than'tjie majority, authorize not less than Ifbi-r membe^N 10 constitute a quorum. 7. The Arsenal and all its grounds and buildings shall be considered as belonging to the Institution, and the Board shall cause the same and all the arms and other property therein, or belonging thereto, to be guared and preserved. 8. They may expend, annually, a sum not exceeding five hundred dollars in erecting, altering, or repairing buildings, so as to have such as may be suitable and pro- per for the Military School. 9. The Board shall, annually, appoint a Treasurer, who shall give bond, with sufficient sureties, in the penalty of fifteen thousand dollars, payable to the Commonwealth, conditioned for the performance of the duties of his of- fice ; which bond, being approved by the Board, and entered at large upon its journal, shall be transmitted to the first Auditor and remain filed in his office. 10. The Treasurer shall, annually, on or before the first day of December, in each year, make a detailed re- port of his accounts to the Board of the Literary Fund, to be by them reported to the General Assembly. The Board of Visitors shall cause a careful examination of the accounts, and a full settlement thereof to be made at least once a year. 11. The Board of Visitors shall appoint Professors to give instruction in Military Science, and in such other branches of knowledge as they may deem proper ; shall fix the salaries of the Professors, and may remove them for good cause ; but no order for the removal of a Pro- fessor shall be made without the concurrence therein of VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 17 a majority of the whole number of Visitors ; and the Board shall forthwith communicate to the Governor a full statement of the reasons on which the removal was made. 12. They shall prescribe the terms upon which Cadets may be admitted, their number, the course of their in- struction, the nature of their service, and the duration thereof, which shall not be less than two nor more than Rye years. All so admitted shall make full compensation, except such as are provided for in the following section. 13. They shall admit as State Cadets, free of charge for board and tuition, upon evidence of fair moral char- acter, not less than thirty-two young men, who shall not be less than sixteen, nor more than twenty-five years of age. In their admission strict regard shall be had to the proportionate population of each of the four Grand Divisions of the State, taking in the first place one from each senatorial district oiTering a suitable per- son. In event of any division not furnishing its propor- tion, the Board of Visitors, after giving due notice of such deficiency, mdij fill the vacancy from any other division. 14. The Board may enter into an arrangement with the Trustees of the Washington College, by which the Cadets at the Military School, and the Students at the College, may respectively be admitted to the advantages of instruction provided at either place. 15. Any commissioned officer of the militia of this State, may become a student at the Institute for a period of time not exceeding ten months, and receive instruc- tion in any or all of the departments of military science taught therein, Vvdthout being required to pay any fee or charge for tuition. 16. The Cadets shall be a military corps under the 18 VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. command of the Superintendent, and constitute the Guard of the Institution. 17. The Superintendent shall, from time to time, in- spect the arms at the arsenal ; cause the same to be kept safe and clean ; give receipts for such arms as may be brought there to be deposited, and obey such orders for the delivery of arms therefrom as he may receive from the Governor, as directed by the twenty-seventh chapter. 18. The Superintendent shall, annually, by the first day of October, make a return to the Adjutant General, showing the names, and the number of the officers and Cadets at the Institute, distinguishing those between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, and showing also the public arms, ordnance, equipments, and accoutrements at the Arsenal, and under the charge of the same corps. 19. The Governor of the State, and the Board of Visitors, and Faculty of the Institute, may confer the degree of graduate upon any Cadet found qualified to receive it, after examination upon all the branches of the arts and sciences and literature taught at the Institute. 20. Every Cadet who, since the eighth day of March, eighteen hundred and forty-two, has been, or hereafter shall be, received on State account, and shall have re- mained in the Institution during the period of two years or more, shall act in the capacity of teacher in some school wuthin the State, for two years after leaving the Institution, unless excused by the Board of Visitors ; but this section shall not be construed so as to deprive such Cadet of any of the compensation which he may be able to obtain for teachino:. '21. The Board of Visitors shall, annually, inspect the public arms and other property at the Arsenal, and make a report of their condition and of the condition of the VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 19 school to the Governor, to be by him laid before the General Assembly. 22. Commissions shall be issued to the Superinten- dent, Professor, and Assistant Professor of Tactics at the Institute, corresponding with those of Colonel, Major, and Captain of the United States Corps of Engineers. Such commission shall confer no rank in the Militia, nor entitle any person holding the same, to any pay or emol- ument by reason thereof. 23. There shall be enlisted in the public guard a Ser- geant to serve as an Ordnance or Quartermaster Sergeant at the Institute ; he shall be borne on the roll of the guard, paid as other soldiers of the guard are paid, and when in service at the Institute, be under the control of the officers thereof. 24. The Superintendent of the Institute may enlist musicians for service at the post, to be paid out of the annual appropriation heretofore provided. REaULATIONS VIRGINIA MIHTAEY INSTITUTE. REGULATIONS VIRGINIA MILITAEY INSTITUTE. ARTICLE I, ORGANIZATION. 1. A permanent Superintendent, appointed by the Board of Visitors will have the immediate government of the Institution, and be held responsible for its correct management. He will direct the Academic duties and field exercises ; and all profes- sors, Academic officers, Instructors and Cadets, shall be under his command. He will render all estimates and communica- tions to the Board of Visitors, and will report to the Adjutant Ofeneral on or before the 1st of October in each year, the num- ber of officers, cadets and other persons on duty at the Institu- tion, with a full return of the number, and condition of the public arms on deposite in the State Arsenal. 2. The Superintendent will be required to give to the Board of Visitors six months previous notice before resignation, and other professors and teachers three months. 3. The Professors and teachers shall receive every mark of respect, to which their rank and office may entitle them, respec- tively ; but no Professor, Assistant Professor, or Teacher, shall receive any fee, present or reward from any Cadet of the Insti- tute. 4. The Professors shall rank according to date of academic appointment in all academic details and duties, and according to military grade in all details for military duty. 5. All the pupils shall be styled Cadets. The Superintendent is authorized to detail as many Cadets to act as Assistant Pro- 24 REGULATIONS FOR THE fessors as may be required, and the appointment shall be con- sidered an honorable distinction. 6. An Academic Board for the transaction of business shall be constituted as follows, — the Superintendent and the Profes- sors of each separate department, of which Board the Superin- tendent shall be President. 7. During the examination of any Class or Section, the im- mediate instructor shall act as a member of the Board. 8. Any member of the Academic Staff, not a member of the Board, may be required by the Superintendent in the name of the Board to attend its meetings and to give information, or to express an opinion, but not to vote in the decisions of the Aca- demic Board. 9. A member of the Academic Staff shall be designated by the Superintendent as Secretary of the Academic Board, by whom its proceedings shall be fully and fairly transcribed. 10. It shall be the duty of the Academic Board to designate the Class Book to be used in each department of instruction, to recommend for purchase all such books, maps, models, and ap- paratus as may be required for purposes of instruction ; to ex- amine cadets and decide on their merits, and recommend to the Board of Visitors such as are qualified to receive diplomas. 11. It shall be the duty of each member of the Academic Board to keep a note of the Examination of each Cadet, and vote upon the merits of every Cadet, when the Class standing is assigned. 12. It shall be the duty of the Superintendent at each annual examination to lay before the Board of Visitors a table shewing the Class marks and number of absences from recitation of each Cadet in each department of instruction, indicating in such table the names of those cadets deemed by their Professor of doubtful proficiency. Any of those Cadets passing an unsatis- factory examination shall be pronounced deficient. 13. No member of the 1st Class pronounced deficient by the Academic Board shall receive a diploma. 14. A Treasurer shall annually be appointed by the Board of Visitors with such compensation as they may deem sufficient, VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 25 who shall give bond and security for the faithful performance of his duty. All funds belonging to the Institute, and all de- posits made on account of the Cadets, shall be deposited in the Lexington Savings* Institution to the credit of the Treasurer of the Institute, the certificates of deposit being filed in the Superin- tendent's ofiice. The Treasurer shall keep separate accounts with the various departments of the Institute and Cadets, and all debts and credits to these accounts shall be made upon the order of the Superintendent. No money shall be drawn from the funds of the Institute or from the deposits of the Cadets but upon the order of the Superintendent, and a check drawn by the Treasurer and countersigned by the Superintendent. The Treasurer's account shall be subject to the revisal and approval of the Superintendent. He shall make a monthly balance sheet showing the condition of the Treasury for the use of the Super- intendent. He shall make an abstract of all cash payments made on account of the Cadets for the use of the officers charged with keeping the check books of the Cadets. He shall return to the Superintendent on the 15th of June, annually, all re- ceipts for payments made on account of Cadets. He shall make annually a detailed report, to be laid before the Superintendent setting forth all payments and receipts on account of the Insti- tute, separating, in distinct accounts, those belonging to the Institute proper, the Quarter master. Commissary, &c., with the necessary vouchers, and make such a consolidated exhibit as shall show the actual condition of the public funds. 15. I'he Quarter Master, who shall be appointed annually by the Board shall have in charge the supplies furnished to the Cadets and shall issue them upon orders given by the Superin- tendent at prices fixed by the Board of Visitors. He shall keep correct accounts of all supplies which he may receive and of all articles furnished to the cadets, separating in both accounts, the several species of articles. He shall keep an account against the Treasurer, in which he shall charge that officer with all the articles delivered to the Cadets at their proper prices and shall enter therein all proper credits to the Treasurer which may arise in the department. He shall annually prepare a detailed 26 REGULATIONS FOR THE report of his transactions for the preceding year, together with an inventory of the property remaining in his hands and its cost, to be laid before the Board of Visitors by the Superintendent. 16. A Commissary of Subsistence, shall be annually appoint- ed by the Board of Visitors, with such compensation as they may deem sufficient, whose duty it shall be to receive all sup- plies of provisions, &c., furnished for the Steward^s department, issue them upon requisition made by the Steward and counter- signed by the Superintendent. He shall keep accurate accounts of all expenses of the Steward^s department and make a quar- terly statement thereof to the Superintendent. He shall annu- ally make a detailed report of the operations of his department for the preceding year to be laid before the Board of Visitors by the Superintendent, together with an inventory of the prop- erty on hand and its value. 17. A Steward shall be annually appointed by the Board of Visitors with such compensation as they may deem sufficient ; whose duty it shall be to see that the provisions furnished by the Commissary of Subsistence are properly cooked and served up. He shall make weekly requisitions upon the Commissary for the necessary supplies for the Mess Hall and be held accoun- table for them. He shall be responsible for the public property belonging to the Mess Hall, see that the servants attached thereto discharge their duties and keep the Mess Hall and its appurtenances at all times in a thorough state of police. Should any provisions furnished by the Commissary be unsound or unfit for use, he shall immediately report the fact to the Board of Survey. He shall report all violations of the Mess Hall regu- lations coming under his observations and control to the Com- mandant of Cadets. 18. Three senior officers next in rank to the Superintendent, shall constitute a Board of Survey, whose duty it shall be to inspect all provisions reported unsound by the Steward, make regular visitations of the Mess Hall, by a detail of one of its members, and report to the Superintendent such modifications in the existing regulations as experience may dictate for the order of the Hall and for the comfort of the Cadets. VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 27 19. The Superintendent shall keep a register, in which shall be recorded the name of every Cadet, as soon as he shall enter the Institute, with his age and height and the County, Senato- rial District and Constitutional Division of the State from which he may come ; a transcript of which so far as may relate to the Cadets for the time being, shall be transmitted to the Adjutant General with a Report of the Semi- Annual examination to bo held before the Governor. 20. A Surgeon shall be appointed for the Institute b}^ tlio Board of Visitors at their annual meeting. He shall hold his office one year ; shall be subject to removal for cause at any time by the Board ; and in this case the Board so removing, shall appoint another for the residue of his term ; he shall promptly and faithfully attend in person upon the Cadets, at the Institute, whenever called upon professional!}^ for that pur- pose by any of the officers of the Institute ; shall, at the requi- sition of the Commanding officer, make careful examination into, and report in writing upon the health of any Cadet, who, com- plaining of sickness, may ask on that account to be relieved from any of his duties ; and he shall generally do whatsoever is proper to be done by him as health officer of the Institution. For the services so rendered in person, unless himself sick, and then by some competent physician at his expense, he shall re- ceive in full compensation the payment provided by the Board, ARTICLE II. ADMISSION OF CADETS. 21. All applications for admission into the Virginia Military Institute, as Cadets, shall be addressed to the Superintendent, accompanied by written testimonials of fair moral character, and of the claims and other qualifications of the applicant, on or before the 20th of June in each year ; and the candidates selec- ted by the Board will be required to repair to Lexington forth' tvitk and report themselves to the Superintendent. 22. Admissions will not be allowed at any other time except 2 28 REGULATIONS FOR THE to fill vacancies occasioned by death, resignation, or dismissal, or when the candidate may have been prevented by sickness or other unavoidable cause from reporting himself at the time mentioned in the previous regulation ; in which case he shall be examined as soon after he has so reported himself as may be convenient. 23. Each candidate before he is admitted into the Institute, as a Cadet, or Student, must be able to read and write well, and to perform with facility and accuracy the various operations of the four ground rules of Arithmetic, of reduction, of simple and compound proportion, and of vulgar and decimal fractions. 24. Candidates for admission will be examined by the Aca- demic Board, and assigned to such Class as their proficiency in their studies shall w^arrant. 25. No Cadet shall be admitted who is less than sixteen or more than twenty-five years of age, or who is below five feet in height, or deformed, or afflicted with any disease or infirmity which would render him unfit for military service ; or who may bring with him at the time of presenting himself any disorder of an infectious or immoral character. 26. The term of service of the State Cadets shall not be less than three years, except in those cases in which from previous preparation, he may be able to graduate in two years ; for other Cadets, not less than two years ; but no Cadet shall remain lon- ger than five years ; and each Cadet when he enters the Insti- tute shall subscribe in a book to be kept for that purpose, the following matriculation promise: — " I hereby engage to serve as a Cadet in the Virginia Military Institute for the term for ivhich I have entered., and I promise on honor , 'while I continue a mem- ber thereof to obey all legal orders of the constituted authorities of the Institute and to discharge all my duties as Cadet loitli reg- ularity and fidelity. '' And if a State Cadet : — " I further prom- ise to serve in the capacity of a teacher in some one of the Schools of the Commonwealth, for the term of tico yearsy after finishing my course at the Institute, unless excused by the Board of Visi- tors:' 27. Whenever vacancies shall occur in the corps of Cadets, VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 29 whether by resignation or otherwise, or when any of the Con- stitutional Divisions shall not furnish their full proportions of State Cadets, the Senatorial District or Districts entitled to sup- ply such vacancy or deficiency, -shall have due notification of the fact, and if within sixty days no application shall be recei- ved from such district or districts, then appointments shall be made from the State at large. 28. In the admission of Cadets other than State Cadets, a strict regard shall be had to the proportionate population of the four great Constitutional Divisions of the State, taking in the first place one from each Senatorial District ofiering one ; but, in the event that any of these Constitutional Divisions shall not furnish their due proportion of such Cadets, the full number that may be received at the Institute may be made up by the Board of Visitors from the applications from any other of such Constitutional Divisions, provided that public notice shall have been previously given by advertisement of the probable number of vacancies. 29. If, after the appointment of a State Cadet, it should ap- pear that his parent or guardian is able to support him as a pay Cadet, he shall be immediately transferred to this Class of Ca- dets, and his vacancy filled in accordance with the Regulations- 30. No Cadet discharged from the Institute shall be reap- pointed or restored under any circumstances, unless a,pplication is made to the Board of Visitors to reconsider his case, and it can be clearly shown that his case was misunderstood. 31. No Student under sentence of suspension, dismission or expulsion from any other Institution, shall be received as a Cadet or Student of the Institute ; unless in such cases as may seem to the Board of Visitors to form proper exceptions to this rule. 32. AVhen an applicant shall be selected for admission, his selection shall be immediately communicated to him by the President of the Board of Visitors, together with such of the regulations as relate to admission. 33. No married person will be appointed a Cadet at the Mil- itary Institute ; and if any cadet shall be married while there, 30 REGULATIONS FOR THE such marriage shall be considered as equivalent to a resignation and he will leave the Institute. 34. Each selected candidate will be required to bring with him, or provide before his admission, the following articles : 2 pairs Monroe Shoes. 2 pairs white Berlin Gloves. 7 Shirts. 7 pairs yarn or worsted Socks. 7 pairs cotton Socks. 4 Pocket Handkerchiefs. 6 Towels. 1 Clothes Bag made of ticking. 1 Clothes Brush. 1 Hair Brush. IComb. 2 Pillow Cases. 2 pairs Sheets for single bed. 1 pairs Blankets for single bed. 1 Comfort for bed. 6 pairs white Pantaloons — canvass drilling. 35. The board, washing, fuel, lights, beds and mathematical instruments will be furnished by the Institute. 36. Cadets, other than State Cadets, shall defray their own expenses, and in addition shall pay annually in advance for in- struction in the Institute the sum of $50. 37. Each Cadet will be required to deposit semi-annually in advance with the Treasurer, a sum sufficient to cover his expen- ses for 6 months ; and upon the failure of any Cadet to make the deposits above mentioned, for the space of six weeks after the time required, such Cadet shall be required to Avithdraw, at the discretion of the Superintendent. 38. The Superintendent shall make all contracts on behalf of the Board of Visitors, and for the Cadets, for supplying the Cadets with board, fuel, candles, washing, and other necessary articles ; and in no case will it be allowable for a Pay Cadet to pay a larger sum for boarding than is paid for the State Cadets. - 39, All moneys for the use of the Cadets must be remitted VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 31 directly to the Superintendent. Any Cadet who shall violate this regulation, or whose parent or guardian shall pay any debt contracted by him during his connexion with the Institute, and in violation of its Kules, shall be subject to immediate discharge. 40. For all expenses, except the fees for tuition and medical attendance, every Cadet leaving the Institute, before the expi- ration of the period for which he has made an advance, shall receive the unexpended balance. ARTICLE III. UNIFORM, FURNITURE, &C. 41. Each Cadet shall keep himself supplied at all times, in addition to the articles of clothing which he is required to bring with him, with the following, viz : 42. One light gray cloth Coatee, single breasted, with three rows of eight gilt convex buttons in front, impressed with the arms of the State of Virginia, and blind button holes of black silk cord in the herring bone form, with a festoon turned at the back end ; a standing collar trimmed with black silk braid to fit the neck and to hook in front, and a yellow Virginia button on each side — with a blind button hole like the foregoing — cuffs four inches wide, to be indented with three buttons, and cord- holes likewise on each sleeve, in the centre of which is to be in- serted the lower button — the bottom of the breast and hip but- tons to range — similar cord holes to proceed from three buttons placed lengthways on the skirts, with three buttons down the plaits. One Surtout Coat of grey cloth, of the same color with that for the coatee, and of such pattern, as shall be prescribed by the Superintendent. 43. One grey cloth Vest for winter, of the same color with the coatee, single breasted, flat gilt buttons, trimmed with black silk lace and standing collar. 44. Two white Vests for summer, of the same pattern. Two 08 REGULATIONS FOR THE pairs of grey cloth Pantaloons for winter, with a black cloth stripe one and a half inches wide, down the outer seam. 45. Four pairs of plain Avhite Russian drilling Pantaloons for summer, without trimmings. 46. One fatigue Jacket of unbleached Russian drilling, with a stand collar, one flat gilt button on each side of the collar, half an inch in diameter, and eight similar buttons down the front. 47. One dress and one forage Cap, to be made by a pattern directed by the Superintendent. 48. One black Stock — two sets white Belts, two inches wide — and one Account Book. 49. The dress of the Superintendent, and Professors, which shall be always worn when on duty, will conform to that of the corps of Engineers of the United States^ Army, except the but- ton, which shall be the same with that prescribed for the Militia of the State. 50. All articles of uniform, clothing, and equipments, shall be made in strict conformity to patterns and of materials ap- proved by the Superintendent. 51. No other dress than that which is prescribed, shall be worn by the Cadets or kept in their possession. 52. Each Cadet w411 unite with his room-mates in purchasing, for their common use, necessary room furniture. 53. Every Cadet is prohibited to sell or otherwise dispose of his clothing, books, or any other article which he may have purchased for his own use, without permission. ARTICLE lY, ACCOUNTS. 54. No Cadet shall contract any debt without permission of the Superintendent. 55. Every Cadet shall keep a book, in which shall be charged every article he may purchase. This book shall be examined by the Superintendent. VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. WS 56. No Cadet shall obtain from the Superintendent an order for goods or money, unless there be a balance due to the said Cadet, in the hands of the Treasurer, equal to the amount of such order. 57. The Treasurer shall keep an account open with each Ca- det for whom money shall have been deposited in his hands, in which he shall be credited, with the sum so deposited and charged with the sums paid to his creditors and for such dis- bursements proper receipts shall be taken by the Treasurer and kept on file in his oflSice. 58. Any Cadet will be permitted to inspect his accounts and the public records on application for that purpose during office hours. ARTICLE V. COURSE OF INSTRUCTION. 59. The studies which shall be pursued and the instruction which shall be given at tho Military Institute, are comprised under the following heads : 1st. Infantry Tactics and Military Police. 2nd. Mathematics. 3rd. The French Language. 4th. The Latin Language. 5th. Drawing. 6th. Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology. 7th. Natural and Experimental Philosoph3\ 8th. English 'Language and Literature, Logic, &c. 9th. Artillery Tactics, the science of Gunnery, and the duties of a Military Labaratory. 10th. Military and Civil Engineering and Civil Architecture 11th. Geography. INFANTRY TACTICS AND MILITARY POLICE. 60. This course will conform to the system of Infantry Tac- tics and Military Police established for the government of the 34 REGULATIONS FOR THE Army, and will embrace the schools of the soldier, company, and battalion, the evolutions of the line, the manual exercises, and manoeuvres, of Light Infantry and Riflemen together with the police of camp and garrison. MATHEMATICS. 61. This course Avill comprehend Algebra, Plane and Solid Oeometry, Plane and Splierical Trigonometry, MensuratioUj De- scriptive Geometry with its application to Shades, Shadows, and Perspective, Analytical Geometry, Differential and Integral Cal- oidtis. THE FRENCH LANGUAGE. 62. French Grammar, reading French with a correct pronun- ciation and translating French into English and English into French accurately. THE LATIN LANGUAGE. 63. Latin Grammar, Etymology, — construction of the lan- guage, prosody, — oral and written translations. 64. Embracing instruction in topography, delineating the face of a country for the purposes of both military and Civil Engi- neering, pencil and pen topography for daily use, and Colored Topography for Bureaux Maps. Industrial Draicing, explains to the artisan all the details of the various works of Engineering, Architecture, and the In- dustrial Arts. These drawings are colored for the purpose of distinguishing the various materials used in construction, wood, iron, stone, &c. Pencil Draiving, embraces instruction in Landscape sketch- ing — the Human figures and animals. CHEMISTRY MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY. 65. Chemical Philosophy, including the theory and practice VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 35 of analysis and the Examination of Vegetable and Animal pro- ductions, Electricity and Galvanism. Application of Chemistry to the arts of a c/ri culture, tanning, dyeing, hleacliing, gilding, pyroteclmy, &c. Mineralogy and Geology, viz : Classification and description of mineral sulostances ; general structure and classification of rocks, analysis and use of minerals ; view of the diJBferent sys- tems of geology and mineralogy, and an account of the miner- als and Geology of the United States. NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY. 66. MecJianics, embracing Statics, Dynamics, Hydrostatics, Hydrodynamics and Hydrostatics. Acoustics. Optics. Electro Dynamics — embracing magnetism and electro-mag- netism, with the construction and- use of the instruments neces- sary to illustrate their principles. Astronomy. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, ^C. 67. This course will embrace : Englisli Grammar, comprising Orthography, Etymology, Syn- tax, and Prosody, with instruction in Composition and Decla- mation; PliilosopTiic Grammar. Mentcd Fliilosopliy, Constitidion of the Mind, &c. . Moral Philosophy, comprising an enquiry into the nature and grounds of virtue and moral obligation — our relation to God — and duties flowing therefrom, the duties of patriotism, the chief relations of mankind to each other, and duties thence arising — personal duties, &c. Political Science, comprising constitutional law of the United States and that of the State of Virginia. ARTILLERY TACTICS, SCIENCE OF GUNNERY, &.C. 68. Nomenclature, and description of the diflferent kinds and 98 REGULATIONS FOR THE parts of artillery ; exercise of the field piece, of mortar, &c., manoeuvres of field battery. Gunnery — Theory of Gunnery, target practice, with various artillery arms. Pyroiecliny — Manufacture of implements of war. MILITARY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING. 69. Military Engineering comprehends all that relates to field fortification, laying out and constructing forts, lines and other entrenchments ; obstacles, ditch defenses, block houses, and to the crossing of marshes and rivers. Military bridges, with a sketch of the attack and defense of permanent works. Civil Engineering, embraces materials, the mechanical prin- ciples and the details of construction, in Masonry, Carpentry, Foundation in Land and in Water, Bridges, Centres, Roads, Drainage, Locomotives, Canals, &c. Architecture, continues Masonry and Carpentry, in the con- struction of walls, arches, floors, roofs, &c., and teaches details and characteristic forms, which distinguish the various styles of Architecture, Egyptian, Greek, Romanesque and Gothic. GEOGRAPHY. 70. Physical, Descriptive, and Political Geography, Drawing of Maps, &c. 71. During the months of July and .August, the Cadets shall be encamped, and the instruction shall be exclusively military. During the remaining ten months of the year instruction shall be given in all the courses. 72. The order of instruction in the several branches of each course, and the time to be employed in each branch, shall be determined by the Academic Board, under the guidance of ex- perience and a just regard to the objects of the Institution. 73. A detailed programme of the course of instruction in each of the foregoing branches, shall be drawn up by the Aca- demic Board, and submitted to the Board of Visitors, and when approved by them shall regulate the course of instruction in which no changes shall be made without their authority. VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. |f ARTICLE VI. CLASSinOATTON OF CADETS, AND MANNER OF INSTRUCTION. 74. The Cadets shall be arranged in four distinct classes, cor- responding with the four years of study. The Cadets employed in the first year's course, will constitute the Fourth class ; those in the second year's course, the Third Class ; those in the third year's course, the Second Class, and those in the fourth year's course, the First Class. 75. The Class shall be considered as taking their Commence- ment on the 1st July, annually, and at no other time shall a Cadet be advanced or transferred from one Class to another, unless prevented by sickness or authorized absence from atten- ding the annual examination, in which case a special examina- tion shall be granted him ; but in no case shall a Cadet be pass- ed from one Class to another without a previous examination by the Academic Board. 76. Each Professor and Instructor at the head of a separate department, shall be the judge of the proper mode of conveying instruction in his own department, and shall be held responsi- ble for the correctness of that mode. 77. Each Instructor having immediate charge of a Class or Section of Class, for instruction, shall keep daily notes of its progress, and the relative merit of the Students ; and at the end of each week he shall report thereon to the Superintendent, according to such form as he may prescribe. 78. The scale of marking daily recitations shall be : for a perfect recitation, 3 ; for a total failure, ; intermediate merit being indicated by intermediate numbers expressed in tenths. 79. In preparing his Class reports, each instructor will take the greatest number of days that any individual of the section has recited, this number multiplied by 3, will be the maximum for the week. The total of any individual who has recited the greatest number of days, will be the sum of his daily marks. To obtain the total of any one who has recited a less number of days, make the following proportion ; as the number of days 38 REGULATIONS FOR THE he has recited, is to the greatest number of days, so is the sum of his daily marks, to the required total. 80. From the weekly class reports of each month, a consoli- dated report of progress will be made out, quarterly, and an abstract thereof forwarded by the Superintendent to the parent or guardian of each Cadet, exhibiting his standing for that quarter, his health, his deposits with the Treasurer, his debits with the Treasurer, the cash on hand or the amount due, as the case may be, and the remittance required, if any, to pay ar- rears, and for the expenses of the next quarter. ARTICLE YII. GENERAL EXAMINATIONS. 81 An annual examination of all the classes, preparatory to their advancement, will commence in June of each year ; at which time the Cadets shall be examined by the Academic Board, in the presence of the Board of Visitors and such other literary and scientific gentlemen as may be invited to attend, and any others who may choose to be present. 82. Any Cadet found deficient at the annual examination in the studies of his Class, shall not be advanced to the next higher class ; and if, in the opinion of the Faculty, his deficiency is to be attributed to utter incapacity, or habitual want of application, or his conduct be grossly ox generally immoral or improper, his case shall be reported to the Board of Visitors, to the end that he may be discharged. 83. A semi-annual examination shall be held by the Aca- demic Board, in the presence of such members of the Board of Visitors as may attend, commencing on the first Monday in January in each year. 84. Immediately after each semi-annual examination, the Superintendent shall report to the Board of Visitors, who will hold a special meeting for the purpose of receiving and acting on such report, the names of all such Cadets as shall have VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 39 shown utter incapacity, or whose conduct has been grossly, or generally improper or immoral, and whom he may deem it ad- visable to discharge. 85. The Board of Visitors in conjunction with the Superin- tendent will, annually, immediately after the General examina- tion, select for special report to the Governor the names of such Cadets as have most distinguished themselves in the examina- tion, not exceeding two in each class, and will specify the stu- dies in which they particularly excel ; and the standing both for conduct and scholarship of each Cadet shall also be at the same time communicated by them to their parents or guardians. 86. Whenever a Cadet shall be found deficient in any one of his studies for two successive years, he shall stand ipso facto dismissed. 87. After the annual examination, a diploma signed by the Governor of Virginia, and the Visitors and Faculty of the In- stitute, shall be granted to each Cadet of the First Class desi- ring it, who shall be found to have deserved it, as well by his moral deportment as his proficiency in his studies. Each Cadet receiving a diploma, shall be required to pay $5 therefor. ARTICLE VIII. MERIT ROLLS. 88. At every January examination the Academic Board will form rolls, in which the names of Cadets shall be arranged in their respective classes, in the order of their merit or proficien- cy in each branch of instruction upon which they are examined. 89. At every July examination, the Academic Board will, in addition to rolls, similar to those described in the preceding paragraph, form others, in which the merit of each Cadet in each branch of instruction upon which he is examined, shall be denoted by a number proportional to his proficiency and to the importance of the subject; and in which the names of the Cadets shall be arranged in their respective classes in the order of aggregate merit, as determined for each, by the addition of 40 REGULATIONS FOR THE the numbers expressing his merit in each particular branch : but in forming the final merit roll of the first class, the result of the final examination shall be incorporated with the results of former examinations. 90. The relative weight to be given to the difierent subjects in forming the general merit roll of each class, by the follow- ing numbers : Engineering, . . . 300 Mathematics, 300 Natural Philosophy, &c. - 300 Conduct, - - - - 300 Infantry Tactics, 200 Chemistry, 200 Mineralogy and Geology, - 100 Artillery, . - - - 100 English Studies and Literature, 200 French and Latin, - 100 each. Drawing, . - - - 100 Geography, 100 History, > . - - 100 Composition and Declamation, 50 each, Constitutional Law and Moral Philosophy, 100 91. The minimum mark in any subject shall be J the maxi- mum, intermediate merit being represented by the terms of an arithmetical series, the extremes of which are the highest and lowest marks, and the number of terms, the number of the Class. 92. The maximum conduct mark for the 1st Class, shall be 300, minimum being 100. If one fourth the total demerit of a member of the 1st Class be taken from 300, the result will give his conduct mark. 93. The maximum conduct mark for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Classes, shall be 100, the minimum being 33. 3. If one third the demerit of any Cadet for the year be taken from 100, the result will give the conduct mark for these classes. VIRGmiA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 41 CONDUCT ROLLS. 94. Rolls exhibiting the relative merit of tlic Cadets in con- duct, shall be formed by the Academic Board, from the register of delinquencies at the July examination, for the whole of the academic year, in the following manner, viz : 1st. All the recorded delinquencies of the Cadets shall be arranged in Seven Classes, each of which shall comprise those of nearly the same degree of criminality. 2nd. The degree of criminality of an offence of each of the Classes so formed, shall be expressed as follows : Offences of the First Class by 10. " " Second " '' 8. " " Fourth " " 4. '' '' Sixth '^ " 2. '* '' Seventh " 1. For each year, (after the first year,) that a Cadet may be a member of the Institution, his offences shall be made to count more, by adding to the number expressing the degree of crimi- nality of each offence, one sixth for the Third Class, one third for the Second Class and one half for the First Class. 3rd. The total demerit of each Cadet will be exjti'essed by the sum of the products of the number of offences of each class, divided by the number which expresses the criminality of one offence of that class. 4th. The names will bo arranged throughout in the order of demerit, those of the least degree being placed first. 95. When any Cadet shall have a number expressing his de- merit in the general conduct roll, greater than 100 by the 1st of January, or 200 for any one year, such Cadet shall be declared deficient in conduct, and be forthwith sent to his home by the Superintendent. 96. Copies of all merit rolls, will be reported to the Board of Visitors at their annual meeting, and the rolls will also be copied into the register of merit at the Institute, and an abstract shall be sent to the parent or guardian of each Cadet. 42 REGULATIOIS'S FOR THE ARTICLE IX. LEAVES OF ABSENCE. 97. The Superintendent is authorized to grantleaves of absence to Cadets, at the request of their parents or guardians, during the entire period of the encampment ; provided that each Ca- det so permitted to be absent shall have been present at least two encampments, and provided further, that no cadet shall have such leave of absence against whom has been recorded, during the year then just terminated, demerit to the number of 150. 98. Every Cadet on leave of absence for the time of the en- campment shall, before his departure, collect his books, bedding and room furniture, and deposite them properly labelled in charge of the Quartermaster Sergeant — and he shall leave with the Commandant of Cadets the names of those with whom he wishes to room during the next term. 99. Every Cadet who shall overstay his leave of absence, will subject himself to be tried, unless he shall produce a certificate satisfactory to the Superintendent on his return, of his having been prevented from returning by sickness or some other una- voidable cause. 100. Any Cadet who shall wilfully absent himself from the Institute, without leave, for a period of twentj^-four hours, shall be dismissed. 101. Every Cadet on returning from leave of absence shall immediately report himself to the Superintendent, the Com- mandant of Cadets, and the First Sergeant of his Company. 102. No Professor shall absent himself from the Institute for a longer time than ten daj^s, without the permission of the Board of Visitors ; nor shall any Professor or Officer be absent from his duty at any time, without the assent of the Superin- tendent. VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 43 ARTICLE X. 103. A member of the Institute shall act as Librarian, who shall be responsible for the property in his charge ; he shall attend at the Library at such hours, and under such by-laws as shall be prescribed by the Superintendent. 104. No book shall be taken from the Library, without the knowledge and presence of the Librarian. 105. No persons, except members of the Institute, shall be allowed to draw books from the Library. 106. For every book drawn from the Li])rary, a receipt shall be given. 107. No officer shall be allowed to have in his possession, at one time, more than four volumes ; and no Cadet more than one, with accompanying plates, except by the special permission of the Superintendent. 108. No person shall lend any book drawn from the Library. 109. No person shall keep any book more than two weeks : and all violations of this regulation will be reported by the Librarian to the .Superintendent. 110. All persons drawing books from the Library, shall be responsible for any damage done to them ; the aniount of which shall be estimated by the Librarian, and reported weekly to the Superintendent. 111. No persons shall be allowed to draw books from the Library while a fine remains unpaid, or while books, previously drawn, are retained beyond the prescribed time, unless they shall be so retained by the permission of the vSuperintendent. 112. All books drawn from the Library shall be returned by the 1st of June, and none shall be afterwards taken out by any Cadet until the 1st of September following, without the written permission of the Superintendent. 44 REGULATIONS FOR THE ARTICLE XI. DISCIPLINE. 113. The Cadets of the Institute shall constitute a Military Corps j and be subject to Military discipline, under the immedi- ate command of the Commandant of Cadets. 114. The punishments to which a Cadet shall be liable, are comprised in the three following classes : 1st. Privation of recreation, &c. ; extra tours of duty, repri- mand. 2nd. Arrest or confinement in his room or tent. 3rd. Dismission, with the privilege of resigning ; public dig- mission. The punishment of the first and second classes, men- tioned in the preceding paragraph, may be inflicted by the Su- perintendent, or with his approbation ; those of the third class after a trial by court martial, except in cases of a cadet ex- ceeding the limit of demerit, being wilfully and culpably negli- gent of his duties or studies — or manifesting a disposition and determination to resist the authorities of the Institute, in which cases, the Superintendent is authorized to dismiss, without the intervention of a court-martial. 115. In cases of irregularity or insubordination on the part of Cadets, requiring in the opinion of the Superintendent the infliction of the 3rd class of punishment, the Superintendent may convene by public orders a Garrison Court Martial, to consist of not less than three, nor more than five members, and in case it consists of three members, then two officers of the In- stitute and one Cadet officer of the 1st Class shall be detailed on the Court, provided that no officer preferring the charges, or interested personally in them, shall be competent to sit upon the Court, whose duty it shall be to try the Cadet upon the charges preferred, and make a finding upon the testimony ad- duced. 116. The senior officer of the Court shall act as President of the Court, and the duties of the Judge Advocate will devolve upon the junior member. VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 45 117. The mode of proceeding in such Courts, shall conform as far as practicable to the rules for the government of Courts Martial in the United States Military Service. 118. The proceedings of the Court, properly authenticated, shall be laid before the Superintendent, and if approved by him shall be promulgated in orders. 119. A right of appeal from the decision of the Court is re- served to the Cadet ; in which case he shall immediately notify the Superintendent of the same, with a copy of his appeal, whose duty it shall be to forward a copy of the proceedings of the Court to the President of the Board, accompanied by the appeal of the Cadet, with his own remarks thereon. Should the case, in the opinion of the President of the Board, require reinvestigation, the President may direct the original proceed- ings to be suspended, and refer the same to a meeting of the Board of Visitors, to be called by the President for that pur- pose ; otherwise the sentence of the Court shall go into effect. 120. As obedience and subordination are essential to the pur- poses of this Institution, any Cadet who shall disobey a com- mand of the Superintendent, or any Professor, Teacher, In- structor, or other superior officer, or behave himself in a refrac- tory or disrespectful manner to the constituted authorities of the Institute, shall be dismissed, or less severely punished, ac- cording to the nature and degree of his offence. 121. No Cadet shall drink, or bring, or cause to be brought, within the Cadets' limits, or have in his room, tent, or other- wise in his possession, wine, porter, or any spirituous, or intox- icating liquors, brandied fruits, or viands, upon pain of being dismissed. 122. No Cadet shall, without permission, go to any inn, pub- lic house, or place where wine, porter, or any spirituous or intoxicating liquors, brandied fruits or viands are sold, upon pain of being dismissed. No Cadet shall visit any Public Hotel without permission. 123. Any Cadet found drunk, or under the influence of wine, porter, or any spirituous or intoxicating liquor, brandied fruits or viands, shall be dismissed. 46 - REGULATIONS FOR THE 124. Cadets who have been dismissed from the Institute shall forthwith leave the premises. 125. No Cadet shall play at Cards., or any other game of chance, or bring or cause to be brought upon the premises of the Institute, or have in his room, or otherwise in his possession, the cards or other materials used in these games, on pain of being dismissed or otherwise less severely punished. 126. No Cadet shall in any way use tobacco, nor bring it, or cause it to be brought into either barracks or camp, nor have it in his room, or otherwise in his possession. 127. No Cadet shall cook or prepare food in either barracks or in camp, nor have cooked provisions in his room, nor give an entertainment there or elsewhere, without permission. 128. No Cadet shall be allowed to keep a waiter, horse or dog. 129. Any Cadet who shall wantonly damage any quarters, or their appurtenances shall, besides making good such damages, be otherwise punished, according to the nature of his offence, 130= Each Cadet before he leaves the Institute, shall furnish to the Superintendent a certificate from the Quartermaster and other proper officers, that he has returned all property charged to him in good order, or made good any deficiency. 131. Any Cadet who shall lose, damage, destroy, sell or other- wise dispose of the arms, accoutrements, books, instruments, or other public property in his possession, shall, besides paying for the same, be otherwise punished, according to the nature of his offence. 132. No Cadet shall go beyond the limits of the Institute, or such other limits as the Superintendent may prescribe without his permission ; nor shall any permission to be absent from the Institute at night be granted, unless upon a special invitation to visit in private families, or to attend divine worship, or upon such occasions, as shall be deemed proper exceptions to this regulation by the Superintendent. 133. Any Cadet who shall insult a sentinel by words or ges- ture, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished. 134. Any Cadet who shall answer for another at any roll call, VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 47 or who shall engage any other Cadet to answer for him, shall be dismissed or otherwise less severely punished. 135. No Cadet shall visit during the hours of study, or be- tween tatto and reveille, nor be absent from his room at those times for any purpose, without permission from the proper au- thority. 136. Any Cadet who shall absent himself from his room at night between tatto and reveille, for a longer time than half an hour, on any one occasion, or from the post at any time without leave, and shall fail to satisfy the Superintendent or Board of Visitors that he did not so absent himself for any immoral pur- pose, and that he did not, whilst so absent, go to any house of entertainment, or any other place without the limits prescribed to the Cadets, shall be dismissed or otherwise less severely punished. 137. Duties appropriate for the Sabbath, including attendance upon Divine service, which shall be imperative, shall be pre- scribed by the Superintendent, and each Cadet shall be required to conform thereto. 138. Any Cadet who shall behave indecently, or irreverently while attending Divine Service, or shall use any profane oath, or execration, or profane the Sabbath, shall be dismissed or otherwise less severely punished. 139. The Cadets are not only required to abstain from all vicious, immoral, or irregular conduct, but they are enjoined on every occasion to conduct themselves with the propriety and decorum of gentlemen. 140. Any Cadet who shall be guilty of conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman, shall be dismissed, or otherwise less severely punished. 141. No Cadet shall send or accept a challenge to fight, nor be the bearer of such challenge, written or verbal ; nor in any way, directly or indirectly, countenance or promote a duel, nor upbraid another for declining to fight, on pain of being dis- missed. 142. Every Cadet who knows that a challenge to fight has been, or is about to be sent or accepted by any other Cadetj "r 48 REGULATIONS FOR THE shall, without delay, give information thereof to the Superin- tendent. 143. No Cadet shall use any reproachful or provoking speeches or gestures to another. 144. Any Cadet who shall by an}^ means whatever traduce or defame another, shall be dismissed or otherwise less severely punished — according to the nature of his offence. 145. Any Cadet who shall strike, or in any manner offer vio- lence to another, shall be punished in like manner. 146. An}^ Cadet who shall beat, or otherwise maltreat any citizen, shall, besides being amenable to the law, be otherwise punished according to the nature of the offence. 147. Any Cadet who shall wantonly abuse the person of any Cadet, by pla^ang unjustifiable tricks upon him, shall be dis- missed, or otherwise less severely punished, according to the degree of the offence. 148. No Cadet shall sign any certificate or statements relative to personal altercation between members of the Institute, or to any transaction of a private or personal nature, without per- mission from the Superintendent. 149. All Cadets who shall combine or agree together to hold no friendly or social intercourse with another, and any Cadet who shall endeavour to persuade others to enter into such com- bination or agreement, shall be dismissed or otherwise severely punished. 150. All combinations under any pretext whatever, are strictly prohibited. Any Cadet who, in concert with others, shall adopt any measure under pretence of procuring redress of grievances, or sign any paper, or enter into any written or verbal agreement with a view to violate or evade any regulation of the Institute, or to do any act contrary to the rules of good order and sub- ordination, or who shall endeavour to persuade others to do the same, shall be dismissed. 151. Any Cadet who shall manifest an insubordinate or re- fractory spirit — evincing a disposition to resist the authorities of the Institute, thereb}^ disturbing its peace and order, shall be forthwith sent to his home by the Superintendent — but such VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 48 Cadet shall after such dismissal, have the right of appeal to the Board of Visitors from the decision of the Superintendent. 152. If any Cadet shall consider himself wronged by ano- ther, or by any officer, he is to complain thereof to the Super- intendent, who is hereby required to examine into the said complaint, and to take the proper measures for redressing the wrong complained of. Should the party complaining be refu- sed redress, he may appeal to the Board of Visitors for their examination and order on the case. 153. All communications to the Board of Visitors, from any person or persons belonging to the Institute, shall be made through the Superintendent, whose duty it shall be to forward them to the Board, with such remarks as he may think proper. 154. All publications relative to the Institute, or to transac- tions at the Institute, are strictly prohibited. Any Professor, Assistant Professor, Teacher, Academic Officer, or Cadet there- fore, who shall be at all concerned in writing or publishing any article of such character in any newspaper or pamphlet, or in writing or publishing any handbill, shall be dismissed, or other- wise severely punished. 155. No Cadet shall apply for, or receive money from his parents, or from any person whomsoever, without permission from the Superintendent : any infraction or violation of which will be considered a positive disobedience of orders and pun- ished accordingly. 156. The strictest attention to study and all other duties will be required. Every Cadet, therefore, who shall absent himself from duty of any kind, and fail to render a satisfactory excuse in writing for such absence, shall be reprimanded, put upon extra duty, or confined, according to the circumstances of the case. 157. Any Cadet who shall evince a culpable neglect of his studies or duties, shall be required to return to his home by the Superintendent. 158. The Professors, Assistant Professors and Teachers, will be held accountable for the regular and orderly conduct of their 50 REGULATIONS FOR THE respective classes or sections while under their immediate in- struction. 159. It shall be the duty of every Professor, Teacher and Assistant Professor, who is knowing to any violation of the rules and regulations, or to an^ crime, irregularit}^ neglect or other improper conduct of which a cadet has been guilty, to report the same without delay to the Superintendent. 160. All immoralities, disorders, misbehaviour, or neglect, of which Cadets may be guilty, to the prejudice of good order and military discipline, though not herein expressly mentioned, are to be punished according to the nature and degree of the of- fence. 161. In all details of military duty, the rules and regulations for the government of the army of the United States are to be observed so far as they are applicable to, and do not conflict with the regulations adopted for the government of the Institute. ARTICLE XII. MISCELLANEOUS. 162. Each Professor and Instructor, at the head of a separate department, will have charge of, and be accountable for, the instruments and apparatus supplied for the use of the depart- ment. 163. No Professor, Assistant Professor, or Teacher, shall give a certificate or make an}^ statement or report relating to the qualifications, standing, conduct, or character of any Cadet, or of any person having been a Cadet, or concerning the exami- nation of any candidate for admission, unless required so to do by the special direction of the Superintendent. 164. No Cadet will tender his resignation unless impelled thereto by urgent reasons which must be fully set forth in his letter of resignation ; such letter must be accompanied by the written consent of his parent or guardian. 165. The Superintendent is authorized to accept the resigna- tion of Cadets in the following eases only : VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 51 1st. Ill health, to be ascertained by the Surgeon's certificate. 2nd. Deficiency of funds, which has arisen since the Cadet's admission. 3rd. The removal of the parent of the Cadet from the State. In such cases, the resignation of a Cadet must be tendered to the Superintendent, who may take such action thereon as he may think proper, subject at the instance of the Cadet to the revision of the Board of Visitors ; in all other cases resignation must be tendered to the Board of Visitors. 166. The Superintendent, and in his absence the officer in command, shall have power to arrest any Professor, or subor- dinate Officer, for mutiny, disobedience of orders, unofficerlike conduct, or other ofi*ences, prohibited by the rules and regula- tions prescribed for the government of this Institution ; and on such arrest, it shall be the duty of the Superintendent, or other officer, making the same, to appoint a day for the trial of said Professor, or other subordinate officer, not less than ten, nor more than thirty days from the date of such arrest, and imme- diately notify the several members of the Board of Visitors that said arrest has been made, and shall also furnish the person arrested with a copy of the charges preferred against him. 167. Upon the application of any Professor or subordinate officer, it shall be competent for any two or more of the Board of Visitors to arrest the Superintendent, for unofficerlike con- duct, or other offences prohibited by the rules and regulations for the government of this Institute, and upon such arrest, it shall be the duty of the members making the same, to furnish the Superintendent with a copy of the charge or charges upon which the arrest was made, and furthermore, to fix a day for his trial not less than ten, nor more than thirty days from the date of the arrest, and also to notify the several members of the Board thereof. 168. No Cadet shall be admitted into the Institute until he has been inspected by the Surgeon, whose duty it shall be to make a report to the Superintendent of the Institute, stating the bodily condition of each, and if any of said Cadets be pos- sessed of any disease, seriously impairing their physical capa- 3 52 REGULATIONS FOR THE city to discharge military dut}^ or calculated to infect others, the Superintendent shall either reject or provide that the dis- ease shall not be communicated to others. 169. It shall be the duty of the Superintendent to cause the Regulations of the Institute to be read upon parade from time to time, provided that all the Regulations be published to the Cadets at least once each year. ARTICLE XIII. REGULATIONS lOR THE INTERIOR POLICE AND DISCIPLINE OF THE VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 170. The Cadets shall be organized into one or more compa- nies according to number, and the officers shall be appointed by the Superintendent. The selection shall be made from those Cadets who have been most active and soldier-like in the per- formance of their duties, and most exemplary in their general deportment. In general the officers will be taken from the first class, and the non-commissioned officers from the second and third classes. 171. From the 1st of March to the 1st of December, there shall be an infantry or artillery drill every day when the wea- her is favourable, (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), at such regular hour of the day as the Commandant of Cadets may appoint, and for the residue of the yea.r at his discretion. 172. There shall be a dress parade every evening, when the weather permits. 173. There shall be an inspection of the Cadets under arms every Saturday morning when the Aveather permits. 174. No Cadet shall be absent from any duty whatever, with- out permission from the Superintendent, or upon the recom- mendation of the Surgeon. When a Cadet considers himself too unwell to attend his recitation or other duties, he shall apply to the Superintendent, to be placed upon the sick list. DRESS. 175. No Cadet shall, without permission, retain in his quar- VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 53 ters any article of dress, other than the uniform for the Cadets prescribed by the regulations. 176. The overcoat shall not be worn between the 1st of April and the 1st of October, except in rainy weather, or in quarters at any time during study hours. 177. The fatigue jacket shall only be Avorn in quarters or camp within the limits of the chain of sentinels, or at military exercises when directed. 178. Every Cadet shall be neatly attired whenever his room is visited by an officer. 179. The hair to be short, or what is generally termed crop- ped ; whiskers and mustaches shall not be worn. BADGES OF DISTINCTION. 180. Cadets acting as officers and non-commissioned officers, shall be distinguished by the following badges. Captains, chevrons of four bars of single lace on each arm, above the elbow, points up. Lieutenants, chevrons of three bars of single lace on each arm, above the elbow, points up. Adjutants. — The Lieutenant's chevron, with an arc. Quarie7inaster. — The Lieutenant's chevron, with a horizontal bar. First Sergeant. — Chevrons of two bars of single lace, on each arm, above the elbow, points up — with a lozenge. Sergeants. — Chevrons of two bars of single lace on each arm, above the elbow — points up. Sergeant'MaJor. — The Sergeant's chevron, with an arc. Quartermaster- Sergeant. — The Sergeant's chevron, with a hor- izontal bar. Color-Bearer. — The Sergeant's chevron, with a Star. Corporals.— Chewons of two bars of single lace on each arm, below the elbow — points up. Corporals oftlie Color Guard. — The Corporal's chevron, ^vith a star. Cadets appointed acting Assistant Professors, will wear upon their Coats three rows of fourteen buttons in front. 54 REGULATIONS FOR THE 181. No Cadet shall lend or exchange his arms or accoutre- ments or use those of any other Cadet. 182. The arms issued to Cadets will not be taken from their quarters except for duty. 183. No Cadet shall alter his musket, by scraping, filing or varnishing the stock, barrel, or any other part of it ; nor shall the lock be removed, or taken apart, v^ithout the permission of the officer having charge of the same. 184. Cadets are prohibited from having in their possession any description of fire-arms, or other weapon, not issued to them by proper authority. POLICE OF QUARTERS. 185. No Cadet shall remove from the room assigned to him, without permission of the Commander of Cadets. 186. Every Cadet, on rising in the morning, shall roll up his mattress, with the bed-clothes neatly folded in it, put it into the bed-sack and strap it. He shall hang up his extra clothing, put such articles in the clothes bag as it is intended to contain, and arrange all his effects in the prescribed order. 187. Every Cadet shall attend to the good order and ar- rangement of his own arms, accoutrements, clothing, and their effects ; the Orderly shall attend to the general police of the room, and shall require each occupant to discharge his proper duty. 188. Cadets shall prepare their clothes for the laundress im- mediately after reveille on Mondays and Thursdays. 189. No Cadet shall throw water from any room in the bar- racks upon the gallery. 190. No Cadet shall throw anything from the windows, doors or galleries of the barracks. 191. No Cadet shall have in his room any article of furniture not prescribed. 192. No Cadet shall keep a light after taps at night, unless he be the officer of the day. Superintendent of sub-division, Adju- VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 55 tant, Quartermaster, or Assistant Professor ; but all lights ex- cept that of the officer of the day, shall be extinguished at 11 o'clock. 193. No Cadet shall play on any musical instrument on Sun- day, nor in study hours on any other day. 194. No Cadet shall play any game with cards, nor at any other game but chess or back-gammon, and these only in re- creation hours, with the permission of the Superintendent, and shall in no case bet or wager any sum of money or other thing. 195. Cadets shall walk the halls and galleries of the barracks and pass up and down stairs in study hours, with as little noise as possible; running, loud talking, scuffling, or unnecessary noise in barracks, are strictly prohibited at all times. 196. Every Cadet leaving his room on a necessary occasion, or for water, when the sentinels are on post, shall report his departure and return to every sentinel he passes, and shall be absent as short a time as possible. If his absence occurs after taps, he shall report to the officer of the guard, whose duty it shall be to pass him out and in, and to report the names of all individuals thus passed. 197. No Cadet shall enter or stop at the guard room during study hours. 198. Whenever a Cadet receives permission to be absent from his quarters during study hours, or from any duty, he shall show his permit to the officer in charge, and the Superintendent of his division, and shall leave it with the officer of the day. 199. No Cadet shall post any placard or notice upon any of the public buildings, or affix to the walls of his room any map, picture, or piece of writing, or drive a nail in the walls or tim- bers of the barracks, without the permission of the Comman- dant of Cadets. 200. No Cadet shall mark, cut, or in any manner deface or injure the public buildings. 201. No Cadet shall throw missiles or stones of any descrip- tion in the vicinity of the barracks or other buildings. 202. No Cadet shall introduce a citizen into the barracks dur- ing study hours, upon any pretence whatever. 56 REGULATIOKS FOR THE ORDERLIES OF ROOMS. 203. There shall be an Orderly detailed for each room occu- pied by the Cadets, who shall perform the duties until he is relieved by the proper officer. 204. The Orderly shall see that the names of his room-mates are on the orderly board, his own name being the first or upper name on the board. 205. He shall be held responsible for the preservation of all public property attached to the room, for the common use of its occupants. 206. He shall be held responsible for the cleanliness of the room, the proper arrangement of its contents, and for the strict observance of regulations and orders therein. 207. Every morning, immediately after reveille, he shall thoroughly sweep every , part of the floor of his room, brush the dust from the furniture, &c., and sweep the dirt collected out of the room, but shall not sweep dirt into the halls of the barracks during the remainder of the day. 208. He shall see that a light is in his room within ten min- utes after the evening call to quarters. 209. Every night after tattoo, and before taps, he shall cause all the lights in the rooms to be carefully extinguished. 210. He shall answer promptly and fully to every question put to him by an Officer or by a Cadet on duty. SUPERINTENDENTS OF DIVISIONS. 211. Each of the Instructors of Infantry Tactics shall super- intend a company of Cadets and its company quarters, and shall see that the regulations are duly observed therein. He shall superintend, or instruct at the military exercise of his company, and be responsible for the proper observance of all parades and roll calls. 212. He shall inspect the rooms of his division three times between reveille and tattoo. He shall also frequently inspect between tattoo and reveille. 213. He shall after his inspection on Sunday morning, direct VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 57 the Orderlies of such rooms as are not in good order, to be con- tinued for the same duty for the ensuing week. 214. lie shall, every morning, make to the Commandant of Cadets a report in writing of all delinquencies that may have come to his knowledge since his last report, and of the condi- tion of each room with regard to police. Specifying those in the best, and those in the worst order, and the names of the Orderlies. SUPEiaXTEXDENTS OF SUB-DIVISIONS. 215. Each division of quarters under the superintendence of an Assistant Instructor of Tactics, shall be sub-divided, and each sub-division shall be placed under the superintendence of one of the officers of the corps, who shall be charged with the immediate care of its police, and the preservation of general good order therein. 216. The Superintendent of a sub-division of quarters, in case of any noise and scuffling, or other improper conduct in any room, hall or gallery under his charge, shall repair instantly to the spot and suppress the irregularity, order the parties to their rooms, and forthwith report the circumstances to the Superin- tendent of his division, or to the officer in charge. 217. He shall keep a roster of the occupants of each room of his subdivision, and shall, every Sunday morning, personally direct those whose turn it is to enter upon their duties as Order- lies for the ensuing week, except in cases otherwise directed by the Superintendent of division. 218. He shall communicate to the occupants of rooms under his charge, such orders as may be given by the Superintendent of division, relative to the police, and shall cause them to be strictly observed. 219. He shall visit every room in his sub-division immedi- ately after taps at night, and shall ascertain, by minute inspec- tion, whether the duties of the Orderly have been properly per- formed, and whether the occupants of the room are all present and in bed. He shall cause the Orderlies and others, in every case of neglect observed at this visit, to comply strictly with 58 REGULATIONS FOR THE the regulations, and shall report the result of his inspection to the officer in charge. 220. He will see by personal inspection that the gas-burner is closed in each room. 221. He shall also visit and thoroughly inspect all rooms under his charge thirty minutes after reveille, immediately after which he shall make a report in writing to the Superintendent of his division, subjoining thereto the word " certified'^ with his sig- nature. " COMMANDANT OF CADETS.^ ^ 222. The Commandant of Cadets shall make a minute in- spection of the rooms, furniture, &c., of the Cadets, at least once a week, and Avill make a special report thereon to the Su- perintendent. 223. He will also make occasional inspections of quarters after taps. 224. He shall prescribe the order in which the furniture, bed- ding, books, clothing, equipments, &c., shall be arranged through- out the barracks. 225. He shall make a report to the Superintendent every morning between 8 and 9 o^clock, A. M., of the condition of the barracks and of the discipline of the Cadets, noting specially such matters as may require his consideration and action. 226. He shall be responsible for the safe keeping and good order of all arms, accoutrements and other public property in use by the Cadets. OFFICER IN CHARGE. 227. Each of the Assistant Instructors of Tactics shall be detailed in turn as officer in charge for the day ; his tour to commence at Guard mounting. 228. He shall superintend the performance of all the duties of the day which do not require the presence of the Comman- dant, and see that they are performed according to regulations and orders. VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. S9 229. He shall promptly correct all irregularities which may occur in the barracks, or in their vicinity, and shall be in the barracks yard at taps to receive the reports of Inspectors. 230. He shall be present at class parades and roll calls, dur- ing his tour ; and shall not absent himself from the barracks or their vicinity, except at meal times, without the approbation of the Commandant of Cadets. " OFFICER or THE DAY.'^ 231. The Officer of the day shall be detailed generally from the roster of Cadets acting as officers, but every Cadet of the First Class shall be detailed to perform this duty once. 232. He shall, after receiving his guard, report for orders to the Commandant of Cadets, and shall receive and obey such orders as may be given him during his tour by the officer in charge. 233. He shall give the guard the orders of the day, regulate the reliefs, and have such of the guard dismissed as are not re- quired for duty. 234. He shall cause the sentinels to be posted at proper times, shall visit them ten minutes after they are posted, and see that they are properly instructed in their duties. 235. He shall cause all academic signals to be sounded at the proper times. 236. He shall superintend the formation of the classes and sections, require the marchers to report the absentees, and to preserve good order on parade, and while marching to and from the Institute, and shall not leave the parade ground until all the sections have reached their recitation rooms. 237. He shall then immediately seek all who have been re- ported to him as absent, (except those properly excused), and order them to repair forthwith to their respective recitation rooms, or wherever their duty may require their presence : whenever they are found absent he will report the fact. He shall report to the officer in charge all whom he does not find, and all such as fail to obey his orders. 238. He shall take prompt and effectual measures for sup- 60 REGULATIONS FOR THE pressing all irregularities and disturbances that may occur in or near the barracks, 239. He shall station himself in or near the guard-room, be- tween reveille and taps, constantly, except when absent on duty or at meals. 240. He shall be held responsible for all public property de- posited in the guard-room. 241. He shall report to the officer in charge for orders, imme- diately after taps. He shall then immediately, (unless other- wise ordered,) visit the rooms of all Cadets who are reported absent, and ho shall repeat his visits at intervals of fifteen min- >ites to the room of each absentee till his return. 242. On the back of his guard report, he shall note all viola- tions of the regulations which may have come to his knowledge during his tour, stating the name of each delinquent, with a clear and precise description of his offence, and the circumstan- ces of time and place, when they are not necessarily under- stood ; he shall also state, particularly, the orders given him by any authorized officer, and the time at which each absentee at taps returned to his room ; and he will subjoin to his reporjt the word " certifiecV^ with his signature. SENTINELS. 243. There being perhaps no better test of soldiership, and the discipline of a command than the manner in which the duties of sentinels are performed. Cadets should understand the honor and responsibility of a soldier on post. 244. All persons of whatever rank are required to observe the greatest respect towards sentinels, and no officer or other person shall make use of any expression, language or gesture to a Cadet on post. 245. Every sentinel shall (jbey the orders of the Superinten- dent, Commandant of Cadets, Superintendent of Division, Offi- cer in charge. Officer of the day, and the Officers and non-com- missioned officers of the guard. 246. At evening parade each First Sergeant shall warn the Cadets of his company, who are detailed to mount guard the VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 61 ensuing day, always taking those for this duty first who have been the longest off. The guard thus detailed, shall be on duty all night, at least one sentinel being on post at a time. 247. Every Cadet of the guard shall appear at guard mount- ing in perfect order. 248. Cadets detailed for guard shall wear their side arms when not on post, and shall not, during their tour, leave the Institute. 249. As soon as a sentinel is posted in the barracks, he shall visit every room under his charge, see that all the occupants are present, and order (if it be in study hours) every Cadet whom he may find visiting to go to his room. If he fail to obey the order, he shall forthwitli call the Sergeant of the guard and re- port his disobedience. 250. Every sentinel on post, when the call " to quarters'' is sounded, shall visit the rooms under his charge ten minutes after such call, and report those Cadets who shall not have obeyed the call. 251. No sentinel shall permit a violation of the regulations to take place within the limits of his post, without taking proper measures to prevent it ; nor shall he fail in any case to call for the Corporal of the Guard, and report to him immediately every such violation which comes within his observation or knowledge while on post, and the name of every Cadet who, during his tour, shall have been absent from his room, in study hours, lon- ger than ten minutes. 252. Any Cadet w4io shall neglect his guard duty, by desert- ing or sleeping on his post, or in any manner impair the secu- rity of the public property, by the neglect of the duties devol- ving upon the guard, by laws, shall be dismissed or otherwise less severely punished. 253. Any non-commissioned officer of the guard who shall fail to post his relief at the prescribed hour, or hours, after taps, shall be subject to the penalty attached to the neglect of duty of a sentinel under paragraph 252. 254. The Sergeant of the guard shall parade and inspect every relief at the proper time. 63 REGULATIONS FOR THE 255. In all cases not provided for in the foregoing paragraphs, the service of the guard shall be performed as prescribed in the general regulations of the Army of the United States. ARRESTS. 256 The Superintendent and the Commandant of Cadets alone have the power to arrest a Cadet, except in cases of mutiny, direct disobedience of orders, or gross disrespect to a superior officer, in which cases offenders may be arrested ; but all such arrests shall be promptly reported, through the Commandant of Cadets to the Superintendent for his approbation. 257. Every Cadet arrested shall confine himself forthwith to his quarters until released, (unless otherwise specially ordered,) except when required to be absent therefrom for the perform- ance of some of his academic or military duties, (to all of which, except those on guard, he shall strictly attend,) and except on a necessary occasion, and for the purpose of going to the mess hall for his meals. 258. Every Cadet charged with a breach of arrest, shall be tried, and if found guilty, shall be dismissed. 259. When a Cadet is confined to the limits of Barracks, Camp, or the Institute, any breach of such confinement will sub- ject him to the penalty prescribed by paragraph 258 for breach of arrest. 260. When a Cadet is under arrest or confinement to his room, barracks, camp, or the Institute grounds, he will not ap- ply for any permission to go beyond such limits, unless impelled thereto by strong emergency, and when thus impelled, he will make personal application to the Superintendent in writing, setting forth in such application that he is under arrest, and the reasons for which he desires the permission which he asks. 261. No general permit granted to Cadets to go beyond the limits of the Institute, will be valid to any Cadet under arrest or confinement — except for attendance at Church in the morn- ing and afternoon services on the Sabbath, and any Cadet who shall go beyond the limits for other purposes, when vmder arrest VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 63 or confinement upon such general permit, will subject himself to the penalty of the 258th paragraph. 2G2. The sick Cadets who remain in quarters, shall not leave their rooms, except for the purpose of performing some duty, or of taking exercise at such times as the Surgeon may have prescribed, with the approbation of the Superintendent ; but no such Cadet shall, for any purpose whatever, be absent from his room during any drill, parade, or roll call, from which he may have been excused on account of indisposition. 263. Every Cadet excused on account of sickness, from all duties, shall be sent to the hospital. 264. The sick in hospital, shall obey all orders of the Sur- geon, and all such police regulations as he may prescribe, with the approbation of the Superintendent. 265. No patient shall leave the hospital without permission from the Surgeon. 266. No patient shall go beyond the hospital yard without a written permission, signed by the Surgeon, and approved by the Superintendent. 267. No Cadet shall go to the hospital, unless previously ex- amined and sent there by the Surgeon. 268. No Cadet shall visit any patient in the hospital, without a written permission, signed by the Surgeon and approved by the Superintendent. 269. When a Cadet is too unwell to attend to duty, he will report himself in person to the Superintendent, at his first office hours, and if he requires medical advice, he will forthwith re- port to the Superintendent. " COMMOXS.'' 270. The Commandant of Cadets is Inspector of the Com- mons, and will report to the Superintendent all irregularities in the Hall, and every infraction of the mess regulations. 271. The Inspector of the Commons shall appoint from the 64 REGULATIONS FOR THE officers of the corps, a Superintendent of the mess-hall, and as many assistant Superintendents as he may deem necessary. 272. The Cadets shall be divided into as many squads as there are tables in the mess-hall, and the Inspector shall appoint a first and second carver to each squad. Every carver shall cause the regulations to be observed by those at the table vrhere he presides, and shall report all violations of the same to the Superintendent of the mess-hall, who shall transmit such re- ports to the Inspector. 273. At the signal for breakfast, dinner and supper, the squads shall be formed in front of the barracks by the first car- vers, acting as squad marchers, under the direction of the Su- perintendent of the mess-hall, who shall march the whole to the Hall. 274. The second carver shall act as squad-marcher in the ab- sence of the first ; in other cases, he shall march in ranks at the head of his squad. 275. Every Cadet shall march to meals, except the officer of the day, and the senior corporal of the guard, not immediately on duty ; the latter shall precede the corps to the mess-hall, shall report any Cadet who may enter the hall before the corps, and shall remain until the relief arrives. 276. Each Cadet shall have the particular place at the table to which his place in the ranks corresponds ; such place shall not be changed without the permission of the Superintendent of the mess-hall. 277. All unnecessary talking at table is prohibited — the car- vers alone shall call on the waiters. 278. Wasting or taking from the mess-hall provisions or mess- furniture of any kind, is strictly forbidden. 279. The Superintendent of the mess-hall shall see that every Cadet leaves the hall at the command " Else." 280. The officer or non-commissioned officer, commanding the guard of Cadets, shall march such of his guard as have been detained on duty to the mess-hall immediately after the corps has returned. He shall preside at the table of the guard, and I VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 65 see that the mess regulations are observed, all violations of which he shall report to the Inspector of Commons. 281. No Cadet shall go to the Commons, or approach the building occupied by the Steward, except on duty, at any other time or in any other manner than is above prescribed. 282. If any Cadet shall consider any article of the fare pro- vided at his table to be tainted, or otherwise unsuitable for use, he may report the fact to the Superintendent of the hall, Avho shall communicate the report, (with a sample of the provisions complained of,) to the Commandant of Cadets. '* EXCUSES.'' 283. Any Cadet reported for a delinquency, and having a satisfactory excuse, shall express his excuse in writing, in the form prescribed, and hand it to the Commandant of Cadets (to be submitted to the Superintendent,) wdthin his first orderly hour, after the publication of the report on parade. No excuse shall be made by any Cadet in any other manner, nor at any other time than is here prescribed, unless he is unavoidably prevented from complying Avith the above direction, in which case the cause of delay shall be annexed to the excuse, for the consideration of the Commandant of Cadets ; but no such ex- cuse shall be handed in at a later period than one week after the unavoidable cause of delay shall have been removed. 284. Any Cadet who shall present a false excuse shall be dis- missed ; and any Cadet who shall present a disrespectful excuse shall be punished according to the degree of the ojOfence, and the report for which such excuse shall have been presented shall not be removed. 285. No Cadet shall address an Officer or Cadet who has re- ported him for a delinquency, on the subject of such report unless specially permitted by the Superintendent or Comman- dant of Cadets ; and every Officer or Cadet having made such report against a Cadet, shall hold no conversation Avith him re- lating to it, unless referred to with the proper permission. 286. When a Cadet is reported absent from quarters, or from any duty, he shall be required to render an excuse or explana- 66 REGULATIONS FOR THE tion for the same, and when it is not stated that he was at the time in the Barracks, or within the Cadets' limits, he will be considered as having been beyond the said limits, and liable to be punished accordingly. 287. All absences from quarters at night, which are unau- thorized, and without excuse, will be considered as involving special penalty. 288. Appeals to the Superintendent for a reconsideration of reports for delinquencies, will not be entertained except during the week on which said reports are recorded, except in cases when it is impracticable to apply for a reconsideration within that time. Such appeals must be made in writing. 289. Cadets having over 175 demerit for the year, will be considered on probation for the next year, and the limits of their demerit for that year will be fixed at 175. Any Cadet on probation exceeding 175 demerit within the year, will be " ipso facto'' dismissed. 290. Any Cadet Officer having 50 demerit for any one quarter, Avill be forthwith reduced to the ranks. 291. rOKM OF EXCUSE FOR DELINQUENCY. (Date) , 18 Report, Excuse, Eespectfidly submitted : Cadet, To Commanclant of Cadets. (Endorsement for the above excuse, on the reverse, and at the top, the whole not to extend more than three inches below the top.) (Date,) Cadet, Excuse, V VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 67 All excuses shall be written on paper susceptible of being tiled to a uniform size, and shall ])e, when delivered to their address, of the size of a sheet of letter paper, folded in three equal parts ; no such communication being made on a piece of paper of a less size than one of sucli parts, or the one-sixth of a sheet of letter paper. KECITATIONS. 292. The class sections shall assemljle at their respectve hours of recitation, in front of the barracks, except in bad weather, when they shall assemble in the lower gallery. 293. Silence and soldier-like deportment are enjoined on all Cadets while on class parade, and while marching to and from their recitation rooms. No (^adet shall have his book open in ranks. 294. Every Cadet, unless he be an Assistant Professor, or ex- cused, shall assemble and march with his section. 295. No Cadet shall go to his quarters during the attendance of his section in the recitation room, unless in case of sickness, when he must immediately report to the proper officer. 296. No Cadet shall leave his class room without the permis- sion of his instructor, nor shall request such permission until one hour from his entrance has elapsed, nor then except on a necessary occasion. 297. Every Cadet permitted to leave the class-room shall re- turn as quickly as possible. Any one who remains out more than ten minutes, shall be reported by the Instructor in hig weekly class report. SECTION MARCHERS. 298. The Cadet whose name stands first on the roll, shall be the marcher of his section. 299. The marcher, as soon as the signal is given, shall form his section at the place of assembling in two ranks. 300. He shall then call the roll, and note eacli absentee, whose name he shall give to the officer of the day. 301. He shall march his section to the lectvire-room. under th© 3* 68 REGULATIONS FOR THE direction of the officer of the day, in an orderly and soldier-like manner. 302. He shall cause the Cadets of his Section to take seats in the lecture-room in the order of their names on the roll. 303. While a section is under the charge of the marcher, he shall be responsible, in the absence of the Professor, or Instruc- tor of the section, for any injury done to the public buildings, or other public property, and for the good order of his section. 304. When dismissed by the Instructor, he shall form his sec- tion as before, and march it in like manner to the place where it assembled, and there dismiss it. 305. He shall report in writing to the officer in charge, every violation of the regulations which has been committed by any member of the section of which he is marcher while in the reci- tation-room, or while marching to or from it. 306. Whenever a marcher is not present with his section, the next highest on the roll shall perform the duties of marcher and shall be obeyed as such. INSTRUCTORS. 307. Every Instructor shall note in his weekly class report the name of each Cadet of the section under his immediate charge, who has been delinquent, with the time and description of his offence. 308. He will also state in his report, the progress made dur- ing the week by his section, and the particular subject on which it has been engaged. 309. He will hand his weekly report to the Superintendent on Friday, between 4 and 4J P. M. 310. The Assistant Professors shall present their class reports to their respective Principal Professors, by whom they shall be transmitted to the Superintendent. 311. No instructor will dismiss his section before the proper signal is made without mentioning the same, with his reasons for so doing on his weekly report, nor shall he detain his sec- tion after the signal to dismiss it has been sounded. VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. 69 SOCIETIES, &C. 312. No Society shall be organized among the Cadets without a special license from the Superintendent ; nor shall any assem- bly of Cadets be held for this or any other purpose, without his express permission, promulgated in orders. TEMPORARY REGULATION. 313. The Superintendent is authorized to prescribe tempora- rily such regulations of discipline or police as may be omitted and experience may show to be necessary, which shall be re- ported to the Board of Visitors at its next meeting, and when approved by them, shall be permanent. COMPLIMENTS. 314. Cadets shall at all times salute all the officers of the In- stitute whether in uniform or not, the Governor of the State, and the members of the Board of Visitors. ''order or ATTENDING CHURCHES.^^ 315. The Cadets will be marched to Church every Sunday morning, (weather permitting,) and will attend the several churches in the following order : A. Company. B. Company. 1st Sunday in the month, Presbyterian. Baptist. 2nd. '' '' " Episcopal. Presbyterian. 3d. " " " Baptist. Methodist. 4th. " *' '' Methodist. Episcopal. 5th. " at the discretion of the officers commanding compa- nies. The staff will always attend one of the churches attend- ed by the companies. 316. As no preference is given to any religious sect or denom- ination in the Institute, officers commanding companies vdll be held accountable for their faithful compliance with the order in paragraph 315 — that the principle of the Institution may not be violated by their neglect or caprice. 70 VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. RESPONSIBILITY OF CADETS ON LEAVES OF ABSENCE, &C. 317. Cadets, on leaves of absence, are not exempted from a conformity to all those regulations which prescribe propriety of conduct on the part of a Cadet, but will in all cases be liable to punishment according to the nature of the offence. 318. Should the Superintendent have cause to know that the conduct of any Cadet, while on leave of absence, has been grossly immoral or improper, he will immediately notify the parent or guardian of such Cadet, of the same, to the end that he do not return to the Institute. 319. A Cadet on leave of absence will report for duty by *• guard mounting'^ on the morning after the date on which his leave expires. 320. No Cadet on leave of absence shall remain in the vicin- ity of the Institute, (except when the parent or guardian resides there,) unless specially authorized to do so. 321. A Cadet returning from leave of absence before said leave has expired, will report for duty by "guard mounting'^ on the morning after his return. REGULATIONS. 322. A copy of these Regulations will be deposited in each room of the Barracks, for the safe keeping of which the Orderly will be held responsible, and it is made the duty of the Inspec- tor of Divisions and Commandant of Cadets, to see that this regulation is complied with. APPENDIX. EXTRACTS GENERAL REGLLATMS OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES. EXTRACTS FROM THE GENERAL REGULA- TIONS FOR THE ARMY. ARTICLE XXXVI. DAILY DETAILS AND DUTIES. 384. The daily duties must be announced in orders, and the officers to perform it are to be detailed according to the rules of the roster. 385. The number and rank of the officers for daily duty, are to be regulated by the strength and circumstances of the camp or garrison. 386. Independently of the officers detailed for guard duty, the officers for daily duty will be as follows : 387. In large camps there will be a general officer of tlie day for each division ; a field officer of the day for each brigade ; a Captain of the day for each regiment ; and such general and regimental staff" officers of the day as may be necessary to at- tend to the various details, and to receive and execute orders, according to their respective stations. In every regiment and garrison, besides the officer of the day, there will be detailed daily, if the strength of the garrison will permit, a subaltern, four non-commissioned officers, a drummer and such fatigue parties as circumstances may require for the police of regiment or garrison. In small commands, subalterns may be detailed for duty as officers of the day, and they will also discharge the 74 EXTRACTS FROM THE duties of officers of police. The officers thus detailed are to remain in camp or garrison during their tours of duty. 388. The General of the day is to superintend the regularity and discipline of the camp in every particular ; he is to visit the guards of the camps and the outposts : he is to call out and inspect the inlying pickets as often and at such times as he thinks proper ; he is to receive all reports in camp, and make immediate communication of any extraordinary circumstance to the General-in-Chief. 389. The Field Officer of the day has the immediate superih- tendancc of the camp of the brigade ; he is to be present at the mounting and dismounting of all the brigade guard, particu- larly of the inlying pickets wliich arc always considered under his command ; he is to call them out to inspect them, to order such patrols from them as he may judge necessary to insure the regularity and order of the camp : and in the event of the in- lying pickets being ordered to march lie is to march with them. 390. The Captain or Suhaltern of the day, of each regiment, superintends the cleanliness and regularity of the camp or quarters of the regiment ; he attends the parading of all regi- mental guards, and orders the roll to be called frequently, and at unexpected periods, and reports every thing extraordinary to the commanding officer ; he is to visit the hospital at various hours, and make a report of its state to the commanding officer of the regiment or garrison. 391. The Adjutant of the day, of the brigade, is to assist the general staff officer of the day in the various details of it, and, in his absence, to perform his duty as such and attend for or- ders at head quarters. 392. The officer of police, under the direction of the officer of the day, is to make a general inspection into the cleanliness of the camp or garrison. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 75 ARTICLE XXXVII, "honors to be paid by the troops/^ 395. The President is to be saluted with the highest honors — all standards and colours dropping, officers saluting arms, beat- ing and trumpets sounding. 396. The same compliments will be paid to the Vice-President. 397. A Major General commandi7ig-in-cJiief, is to be received by cavalry, with swords drawn, trumpets sounding the march, and all the officers saluting, standards dropping : by infantry, with drums beating the march, colors dropping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 398. A Major General is to be received, by cavalry, with swords drawn, trumpets sounding twice the trumpet flourish, and officers saluting ; by infantry with three ruffles, colors drop- ping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 399. A Brigadier General is to be received, by cavalry, with swords drawn, trumpets sounding once the trumpet flourish, and officers saluting ; by infantry, with two ruffles, colors drop- ping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 400. An Adjutant General, or Inspector General, if under the rank of a general officer, is to be received at a review, or in- spection of the troops under arms — by cavalry, with swords drawn, officers saluting ; by infantry, officers saluting, and arms presented. The same honors to be paid to any field officer, au- thorized to review and inspect the troops. When the inspecting officer is junicr in rank to the officer on the parade, and in the command of the troops to be inspected, no compliments will be paid : he will be received only with swords drawn and arms shouldered. 401. All guards are to turn out and present arms to general officers as often as they pass them, except the personal guards of general officers, which turn out only to the Generals whose guards they are, and to officers of superior rank. 402. To Colonels, the guards of their own regiments turn out and present arms once a day ; after which, they turn out with shouldered arms. 4 76 EXTRACTS FROM THE 403. To Lieutenant Colonels and Majors, their own guards turn out with shouldered arms once a day ; at other times with ordered arms, 404. When the command of a regiment devolves on a Lieu- tenant Colonel, or Major, the regimental guards will pay him the same compliment as is ordered for the Colonel. 405. Officers in command of forts or garrison, have a right to the complimentary honors from the troops under their com- mand, which are due to the rank, one degree higher than the rank they actually hold in the line of the army. 406. To the Secretary of State, Treasury, War, and Navy De- partments, and other memhers of the Cabinet, to the Chief Jus- tice, the President pro. tempore of the Senate, and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States : and to Govern- ors loithin their respective States and Territories, the same honors will be paid as are specified for a Major General commanding- in-chief. 407. Officers helongijig to any foreign service, who may call at any camp or garrison, by invitation from the commander of the camp or garrison, may be complimented with the honors due to their rank or quality. 408. American and Foreign Envoys or Ministers will be re- ceived with the compliments due to a Major General. 409. The colors of a regiment passing a guard, are to be sa- luted with the utmost respect — the trumpet sounding, and the drums beating a march. 410. Where two regiments meet on their march, the regi- ment inferior in rank is to halt, and form in parade order, and salute the other regiment, which proceeds on its march, with swords drawn and bayonets fixed, trumpets sounding or drums beating, standards or colors flying until it has cleared the front of the regiment which has halted. 411. Where guards present their arms, the officers, on all oc- casions, salute with their swords. 412. Where General officers, or persons entitled to salute, pass in the rear of a guard, the officer is only to make his men stand shouldered, and not to face his guard about, or beat his drum. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 77 413. Where General oflSicers, or persons entitled to a salute, pass guards, while in the act of relieving, both guards are to salute, receiving the word of command from the senior officer of the whole. 414. All guards are to be under arms when armed parties approach their posts : and to parties commanded by commis- sioned officers, they are to present their arms, drums beating a march, and officers saluting. 415. No compliments by guards or sentinels will be paid be- tween retreat and reveille, except as prescribed for grand rounds. 416. All guards and sentinels are to pay the same compli- ments to the officers of the navy, marines and militia in the service of the United States, as are directed to be paid to the officers of the army, according to their relative ranks. 417. It is equally the duty of non-commissioned officers and soldiers, at all times and in all situations to pay the proper com- pliments to officers of the navy and marines, and to officers of other regiments, when in uniform, as to officers of their own particular regiments and corps. 418. Courtesy among military men is indispensable to discip- line. The good or the brave officer or soldier is always respect- ful towards superiors. His respect will not be confined to mar- tial obedience, but will be extended to other occasions. Thus it is always the duty of the inferior to accost or to offer first, the customary salutation, and of the superior to return such complimentary notice. 419. Sergeants with swords drawn, will salute by bringing them to a recover, — with muskets, by bringing the left-hand across the body, so as to strike the musket near the right shoul- der. Corporals out of the ranks will carry their muskets at a shoulder as Sergeants, and salute in like manner. 420. When a soldier without arms, or with side arms only, meets an officer, he will continue to move on, but he is to raise his hand to his cap, looking at the same time in a respectful and soldier like manner at the officer, who will make a suitable acknowledgement to the compliment thus offered. 421. A non-commissioned officer or soldier being seated and 78 EXTRACTS FROM THE without particular occupation, will rise on the approach of an officer, and make the customary salutation. If standing, it would be proper to turn towards the officer for the same pur- pose. If the parties remain in the same place or on the same ground, such compliments would not in general be repeated. " SALUTES.^' 422. The national salute is determined by the number of States composing the Union, at the rate of one gun for each State. 423. The President of the United States alone is to receive a salute of twenty-one guns. 424. The Vice President is to receive a salute of seventeen guns. 425. The Heads of tlie great Executive Departments of the Na- tional Government ; the Major General commanding the army ; the Governo7's of States and Territories within their respective jurisdictions fifteen guns. 426. A Major General, thirteen guns. 427. A Brigadier General, eleven guns. 428. Foreign Ships of War will be saluted in return for a similar compliment, gun for gun, on notice being officially re- ceived of such intention. If there be several posts in sight of, or within six miles of each other, the principal only shall re- ciprocate compliments with ships passing. 429. Officers of the navy will be saluted according to relative rank. 430. Foreign officers invited to visit a fort or post, may be saluted according to their relative rank. 431. Envoys and Ministers of the United States and foreign powers are to be saluted with thirteen guns. 432. All officers of the army having rank above that of Colo- nel, whether of the line or staff, by brevet or otherwise, will be complimented, on official visits, by salutes according to their highest rank ; provided they be senior to the officer in command where the visit is made. -133. A General officer will be saluted but once in a year at GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 79 each post, and only when notice of his intention to visit the post has been given. 434. Salutes to individuals are to be fired on their arrival only, 435. A national salute will be fired at meridian, on the anni- versary of the Independence of the United States, at each mili- tary post and camp. ESCORTS OF HONOR. 436. Escorts of honor may be composed of cavalry or infan- try, or both, according to circumstances. They are guards of honor, for the purpose of receiving and escorting personages of high rank, civil or military. The troops for this purpose will be selected for their soldierly appearance and superior dis- cipline. 437. The manner of receiving and escorting the personage is as follows: 438. The escort will be drawn up in line, the centre opposite to the place where the personage presents himself with an in- terval between the wings to receive the personage and his reti- nue. On his appearance he will be received with the honors due to his rank. When he has taken his place in the line, the whole will be wheeled into platoons or companies, as the case may be, and take up the march. The same ceremony will be observed, and the same honors paid on his leaving the escort. 439. When the position of the escort is at a considerable dis- tance from the point where the personage is expected to be re- ceived, as for instance where a court-yard or wharf intervenes, a double line of sentinels will be posted from that point to the es- cort, facing inwards, and the sentinels will successively salute as the personage passes. 440. An officer will be appointed to attend the personage es- corted, to bear such communications as he may have to make to the commander of the escort. FUNERAL HONORS. 441. On the receipt of official intelligence of the death of the 80 EXTRACTS FROM THE President of the United States, at any post or camp the com- manding officer shall, on the following day, cause a gun to be fired at every half hour, beginning at sunrise and ending at sun- set. When posts are contiguous, the firing will take place at the post only commanded by the superior officer. 442. On the day of the interment of a Major General com- manding in chief, a gun will be fired at every half hour, until the procession moves, beginning at sunrise. 443. The funeral escort of a Major General commanding-in- chief shall consist of a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cav- alry, and six pieces of artillery. 444. That of a Major General, a regiment of infantry, a squad- ron of cavalry, and four pieces of artillery. 445. That of a Brigadier General, a regiment of infantry, one company of cavalry, and two pieces of artillery. 446. That of a Colonel, a regiment. 447. That of a Lieutenant Colonel, sis companies. 448. That of a Major, four companies. 449. That of a Captain, one company. 450. That of a Subaltern, half a company. 451. The funeral escort shall always be commanded by an officer of the same rank with the deceased, or if none such be present, by one of the next inferior grade. 452. The funeral escort of a non-commissioned staff officer, shall consist of sixteen rank and file, commanded by a Sergeant. 453. That of a Sergeant, of fourteen rank and file, commanded by a Sergeant. 454. That of a Corporal, of twelve rank and file, commanded by a Corporal ; and 455. That of a private, of eight rank and file, commanded by a Corporal. 456. The escort will be formed in two ranks, opposite to the quarters or tent of deceased, with shouldered arms and bayonets fixed, the artillery and cavalry on the right of the infantry. 457. On the appearance of the corpse the officer commanding the escort will command, GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 81 Present — Arms ! when the honors due to the deceased will be paid by the drums and trumpets. The music will then play an appropriate air, and the coffin will then be taken to the right, where it will be halted. The commander will next order, 1. Shoulder — Arms! 2. By company, [or platoon,) left iclieel. 3. March ! 4. Column forivard. 5. Guide rigid. 6. March. 458. The column will be marched, in common time, to appro- priate music ; and on reaching the grave, will take a direction so as that the guides shall be next to the grave. When the centre of the column is opposite the grave, the commander will order, 1. Column. 2. Halt ! 3. Right into line, wheel. 4. March ! The coffin is then brought along the front to the opposite aide of the grave, and the commander than orders. Present — Arms ! And when the coffin reaches the grave, he adds, 1. Shoulder — Arms ! 2. Order — Arms ! 3. Parade — Rest ! 459. After the funeral service is performed and the coffin is lowered into the grave, the commander will order, 1, Attention, company I 2. Shoidder — Arms! Z. Load at will. 4. Load! When three rounds of small arms will be fired by the escort, taking care to elevate the pieces. 460. This being done, the commander will order, 1. By company, [or platoon,) right wheel. 2. March! 3. Col- nmn forward. 4. Guide left. 5. Quick March ! The music will not begin to play until the escort is clear of the enclosure. 82 EXTRACTS FROM THE 461. The pall-bearers, six in number, will be selected from tlie grade of the deceased, or from the grade or grades next above or below it. 462. At the funeral of an ofiicer, as many in commission, of the army, division, brigade, or regiment, according to the rank of the deceased, as can conveniently be spared from other duties, will join in procession in imiform and with side arms. The funeral of a non-commissioned officer or private will be attended in like manner, by the non-commissioned officers or privates of the regiment or company, according to the rank of the deceased, with side arms only. 463. Persons joining in the procession, follow the coffin in the inverse order of their rank. 464. The usual badge of military mourning is a piece of black crape around the left arm, and also upon the sword hilt ; and will be worn when in full or in undress. 465. As family mourning, crape will be worn by officers, (when in uniform) only around the left arm. 466. The drums of a funeral escort will be covered with black crape or thin black serge. 467. Funeral honors will be paid to deceased officers, without military rank, according to their assimilated grades. ARTICLE XXXVIII. INSPECTIONS OF THE TROOPS. 468. The inspection of troops as a division, regiment, or other body composing a garrison or command, not less than a com- pany, will generally be preceded by a review. 469. There will be certain periodical inspections, to wit : — 1. The commanders of regiments and posts will make an in- spection of their commands on the last day of every month. 2. Captains will inspect their companies every Sunday morn- ing ; and Lieutenants will inspect their squads every Wednes- day morning. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 83 3. Medical officers having charge of hospitals, will also make a thorough inspection of them every Sunday morning. 4. Inspection when troops are mustered for payment. 470. Besides these inspections, frequent visits will be made by the commanding officer, company, and medical officers, during the month, to the men's quarters, the hospital, guard house, &c. FORM OF INSPECTION. 471. The present example embraces a battalion of infantry. The inspecting officer, and the field officers and staff officers, will be on foot. 472. The battalion being in the order of battle, the Colonel will cause it to break into open column of companies, right in front. He will next order the ranks to be opened, when the color-rank and color-guard, under the direction of the Adjutant, will take post ten paces in front, and the band ten paces in rear of the column. 473. The Colonel seeing the ranks aligned will command, 1. Officers and Sergeants, 2. To tlie front of your companies, 3. March! The officers will form themselves in one rank, eight paces, and the non-commissioned officers in one rank, six paces, in ad- vance, along the whole fronts of their respective companies, from right to left, in the order of seniority ; the pioneers and music of each company in one rank two paces behind the non-com- missioned officers. 474. The Colonel will next command, 1. Field and staff, 2. To tlie front — March I The commissioned officers thus designated will form themselves in one rank, six paces in front of the colors, from right to left, in the order of seniority ; and the non-commissioned staff, in a similar manner, two paces in rear of the preceding rank. The Colonel seeing the movement executed, will take post on the right of the Lieutenant-Colonel, and wait the approach of the 84 EXTRACTS FROM THE inspecting officer. But such of the field officers as may be su- perior in rank to the inspector will not take post in front of the battalion. 475. The inspection will commence in front. After inspect- ing the dress and general appearance of the field, and commis- sioned staff under arms, the Inspector, accompanied by these officers, will pass down the open column, looking at every rank in front and rear. 476. The Colonel will now command, 1. Order arms. 2. Rest ! when the Inspector will proceed to make a minute inspection of the several ranks or divisions, in succession, commencing in front. 477. As the Inspector approaches the non-commissioned staff, color-rank, the color-guard and the band, the Adjutant will give the necessary orders for the inspection of arms, boxes and knap- sacks. The colors will be planted firm in the ground, to enable the color bearers to display the contents of their knapsacks. The non-commissioned staff may be dismissed as soon as in- spected ; but the color-rank and color-guard will remain until the colors are to be escorted to the place from which they were taken. 478. As the Inspector successively approaches the compa- nies, the Captains will command, 1. Attention, 2. Company. 3. Inspection of arms. The inspecting officer will then go through the whole company and minutely inspect the arms, accoutrements, and dress of each soldier. After this is done, the Captain will command, Open — Boxes ! when the ammunition and the boxes will be examined. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 85 479. The Captain will then command, 1. Shoulder Arms ! 6. To the rear, open order. 2. Close order. 7. March ! 3. March! 8. Front ranli, about face, 4. Order — Arms ! 9. TInsling Imapsachs. 5. Stack — Arms ! 10. Open knapsacks. 480. The Sergeants will face inward and close upon the cen- tre at the 2d and 3d commands, and will stack their arms at the 5th command ; at the 6th and 7th commands, they will face out- ward, and resume their positions. AYhen the ranks are closed, preparatory to take arms, the Sergeants will also close upon the centre, and at the word, take their arms, and resume their places. 481. The knapsacks will be placed at the feet of the men, the flaps from' them, with the great coats on the flaps, and the knapsacks leaning on the great coats. In this position the In- spector will examine their contents, or so many of them as he may think necessary, commencing with the non-commissioned officers, the men standing at attention. 482. When the Inspector has passed through the company, the captain will command. Repack — Knapsacks. when each soldier will repack, and buckle up his knapsack, leaving it on the ground, the number upwards, turned from him, and then stand at rest. 483. The Captain will then command, 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3 Sling — Knapsacks. At the word sling, each soldier will take his knapsack, holding it by the inner straps, and stand erect ; at the last word, he will replace it on his back. The Captain will continue, 4. Front rank, about face ! 8. Shoulder — Arms! 5. Close order. 9. Officers and Sergeants, to 6. March! your posts. 7. TQke—km%\ 10. March! 50 EXTRACTS PROM THE and will cause the company to file off to their tents or quarters except the company that is to re-escort the colors, which will await the further orders of the Colonel. 484. In an extensive column, some of the rearmost companies may, after the inspection of dress, and general appearance be permitted to stack arms, until just before the Inspector ap- proaches them, when they will be directed to take arms and re- sume their position. 485. The inspection of the troops being ended, the field and staff will next accompany the Inspector to the hospital, maga- zine, arsenal, quarters, sutler's shop, guard house, and such other places as he may think proper to inspect. The captains and subalterns will precede him in his visits to their companies and sections respectively. 486. The hospital being at all times an object of particular interest, it will be critically and minutely inspected. 487. The men will be formed in the company quarters in front of their respective bunks, and on the entrance of the In- spector the word AUention ! will be given by the senior non- commissioned officer present, when the whole will salute with the hand, without uncovering. 488. The Inspector will examine the general arrangement of the interior of the quarters, the bunks, bedding, cooking and table utensils, and such other objects as may present themselves ; and afterwards the exterior. 489. The Adjutant will exhibit to the Inspector the regimen- tal books and papers, including those relating to the transac- tions of the Council of Administrations. The company books, and papers will also be exhibited, the whole together, generally at the Adjutant's office, and in the presence of the officers not otherwise particularly engaged. 490. The inspection of cavalry and artillery will conform to the principles laid down in the foregoing paragraphs, regard being had to the system of instruction for those arms of service respectively. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 87 ARTICLE XL. FORMS OF PARADE. 500. On all parades of ceremony, such as Reviews, Guard- mounting, at Troop or Retreat parades, instead of the word "i?e5f/^ which allows the men to move or change the position of their bodies, the command will be, " Parade — Rest V^ At the last word of this command, the soldier will carry the right foot six inches in rear of the left heel, the left knee slightly bent, the body upright upon the right leg ; the musket resting against the hollow of the right shoulder, the hands crossed in front, the backs of them outward, and the left hand uppermost. At the word " Attention V' the soldier will resume the correct position at ordered arms. In the positions here indicated, the soldier will remain silent and motionless ; and it is particularly en- joined upon all officers to cause the commands above given, on the part of the soldier, to be executed with great briskness and spirit. 501. Officers on all duties under arms, are to have their swords dravm, without waiting for any words of command for that purpose. " I. dress parade.'^ 502. There shall be daily at least one dress parade, which may be at troop or retreat, as the commanding officer may direct, or at both beats should he think proper so to order. The parade at troop will be termed the morning parade, and that at retreat, the evening parade. In either case it will be con- ducted as follows : 503. A signal will be beat, or sounded, half an hour before troop or retreat, for the music to assemble on the regimental parade. At the same time each company will turn out under arms, on its own parade, for roll-call and inspection by its own officers. 504. Ten minutes after that signal the Adjutanfs call will be given, when the companies will be marched, (the band playing) »» EXTRACTS FROM THE to the regimental parade, where they will be formed in their relative positions in the order of battle, arms ordered and at a rest, the officers at their post on foot with swords draAvn, the Adjutant on the right of the line. The music will be formed in two ranks on the right of the Adjutant, and from the Adjutant's call to troop or retreat, the band will play. The senior officer present will take command of the parade, and will take post at a suitable distance in front, opposite the centre, facing the line. 505. Ten minutes after the Adjutant's call, the Adjutant will order the music to heat off, when it will commence on the right, beat in front of the line to the left and back to its place on the right. 506. AVhen the music has ceased, the Adjutant will step two paces to the front, face the line, and command, I. Attention! 2. Battalion. 3. Shoulder — Arms! 4. Prepare to open ranks, 5. To the rear, open order! 6. March ! 7. Right — Dress ! At the sixth command, the ranks will be opened according to the system laid down in the Infantry Tactics, the commissioned officers marching to the front, the company officers four paces, field officers six paces, opposite to their positions in the order of battle, where they will halt and dress. The Adjutant seeing the ranks alligned will command, Front ! and march along the front to the centre, face to the right, and pass the line of company officers eight or ten paces, where he will come to the right-about and give the word, Present — Arms ! when arms will be presented, officers saluting. 507. Seeing this executed, he will face about to the command- ing officer, salute, and report, " Sir, the par ade is formed J ^ The Adjutant will then, on intimation to that effect, take his station GEI^ERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 89 three paces on the left of the commanding officer, one pace re- tired, passing round his rear. 508. The commanding officer having acknowledged the salute of the line, by touching his hat, will, after the Adjutant has taken his post, draw his sword, and command, 1. Battalion. 2. Shoulder — Arms ! and add such exercises as he may think proper, concluding with, Order — Arms ! 509. The Adjutant will now pass round the right of the com- manding officer, advance upon the line, halt midway between him and the line of company officers and command, 1. First Sergeants, to the front and centre. 2. March! At the first w^ord they will shoulder arms as Sergeants, march two paces to the front and face inwards. At the second word, they will march to the centre and halt. The Adjutant will then order, 1. Front — Face ! 2. Report. At the last word, each in succession, beginning on the right, will salute, by bringing the left hand smartly across the breast to the right shoulder, and report the result of the roll-call, previ- ously made on the company parade. 510. The Adjutant again commands, 1. First Sergeants, outioa7xl — Face! 2. To your posts — March! when they will resume their places and order arms. The Ad- jutant wall now face to the commanding officer, salute, and give the result of the First Sergeant's reports. The commanding of- ficer will next direct the orders to be read, w^hen the Adjutant will face about and announce. Attention to Orders. He will then read the orders. 90 EXTRACTS FROM THE 511. The orders having been read, the Adjutant will face to the commanding officer, salute, and report ; when, on an intima- tion from the commander, he will face again to the line and an- nounce, IJie Parade is disinissed. All officers will now return their swords, face inwards, and close on the Adjutant, he having taken position in their line, the field officers on the flanks. The Adjutant gives the word, 1. Front — Face! 2. Forioard — March! when they will march forward, dressing on the centre, the music playing, and when within six paces of the commander, the Ad- jutant will give the word, Halt! The officers will then salute the commanding officer by raising the hand to the cap, and there remain until he shall have com- municated to them such instructions as he may have to give, or intimates that the ceremony is finished. As the officers disperse, the First Sergeants will close the ranks of their respective com- panies, and march them to the company parades, where they will be dismissed, the band continuing to play until the compa- nies clear the regimental parade. 512. All company officers and men will be present at dress parades, unless especially excused, or on some duty incompati- ble with such attendance. 513. The dress parade being essential to ensure the complete equipment and neatness of the troops, as well as to exhibit them under arms, at least once a day, commanding officers will be held responsible that they are not dispensed with, except on ex- traordinary and urgent occasions. n. REVIEW. 514. Preparatory to a review, the Adjutant will cause a camp- color to be placed 80 or 100 paces, or more, according to the length of the line, in front of, and opposite to where, the cen- GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 91 tre of the battalion will rest, where the reviewing officer is sup- posed to take his station ; and although he may choose to quit that position, still the color is to be considered as the point to which all the movements and formations are relative. 515. The Adjutant will also cause points to be marked, at suitable distances, for the wheelings of the division ; so that their right flanks, in marching past, shall only be about four paces from the camp-color, where it is supposed the reviewing officer places himself to receive the salute. 516. The battalion being formed in the order of battle, at slioid- dered arms, the Colonel will command, 1. Battalion prepare for review! 2. To the rear, open order! 3. March! At the word March ! the field and staff officers dismount ; the company officers and the color rank advance four paces in front of the front rank, and place themselves opposite to their respec- tive places, in the order of battle. The staff officers place them- selves, according to rank, three paces on the right of the rank of company officers, and one pace from each other ; the music ad- vances through the centre and forms in two ranks, (the band in front,) between the colors and the line ; the color-guard replace the color-rank ; the Sergeant-Major and the Quarter-master-Ser- geant take post one pace from each other, and three paces on the right of the front rank of the battalion. 517. When the ranks are aligned, the Colonel will command, Front ! and place himself eight paces, and the Lieutenant Colonel and Major will place themselves two paces in front of the rank of company officers, and opposite to their respective places in the order of battle, all facing to the front. 518. When the reviewing officer presents himself before the centre, and is fifty or sixty paces distant, the Colonel will face about, and command, 92 EXTRACTS FROM THE Present — Arms ! and resume his front. The men present arms, and the officers salute, so as to drop their swords with the last motion of the firelock. The non-commissioned staff salute by bringing the sword to a poise, the hilt resting on the breast, the blade in front of the face, inclining a little outward. The music will play, and all the drums beat, according to the rank of the reviewing officer. The colors only salute such per- sons as, from their rank, and by regulation, (see Art. XXXVII,) are entitled to that honor. If the reviewing officer be junior in rank to the commandant of parade, no compliment will be paid to him, but he will be received with arms carried. 519. The reviewing officer having halted, and acknowledged the salute of the line, by touching or raising his cap or hat, the Colonel will face about and command, Shoulder — Arms ! when the men shoulder their pieces ; the officers and non-com- missioned staff recover their swords, with the last motion, and the Colonel faces to the front. 620. The reviewing officer will then go towards the right, the whole remaining perfectly steady, without paying any further compliment, while he passes along the front of the battalion, and proceeds round the left flank, and along the rear of the file-closers to the right. While the reviewing officer is going round the battalion, the band will play, and will cease when he has returned to the right flank of the troops. 521. When the reviewing officer turns off to place himself by the camp-color in front, the Colonel will face to the line and command, 1. Close Order. 2. March ! At the first command, the field and company officers will face to the right about, and at the second command, all persons, ex- cept the Colonel, will resume their places in the order of battle ; the field and staff officers mount. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 93 522. The reviewing ojficer having taken his position near the camp color, the Colonel will command, 1. By company, right wheel. 2. Quick — March ! 3. Pass in review. 4. Column, forward. 5. Guide right. 6. March! The battalion, in column of company, right in front, will then, in common time, and at shouldered arms, be put in motion ; the Colonel four paces in front of the Captain of the leading Com- pany ; the Lieutenant Colonel on a line with the leading com- pany ; the Major on a line with the rear company ; the Adju- tant on a line with the second company ; the Sergeant Major on a line with the company next preceding the rear, — each six paces from the flank (left) opposite to the reviewing officer ; the staff officers in one rank, according to the order of precedency, from the right, four paces in rear of the column ; the music preceded by the principal musician, six paces before the Colo- nel ; the pioneers preceded by a Corporal, four paces before the principal musician ; and the Quartermaster Sergeant two paces from the side opposite to the guides, and in line with the pio- neers. 523. All other officers and non-commissioned officers will march past in the places prescribed for them in the march of an open column. The guides and soldiers will keep their heads steady to the front in passing in review. 524. The color-bearer will remain in ranks while passing and saluting. 525. The music will begin to play just after the leading com- pany has completed the second wheel, taking particular care that they play in the same time, or cadence, as that in which the column is marching, and wheel to the left out of the col- umn, and take a position opposite to, and facing the reviewing officer ; and will continue to play until the rear of the column shall have passed him, when it will cease and follow in the rear of the battalion, unless the battalion is to pass in quick time also, in which case it will keep its position. (See paragraph 531.) 526. The officers will salute the reviewing officer when they 94 EXTRACTS FROM THE arrive within six paces of him, and recover their swords when six paces past him. All officers in saluting will cast their eyes towards the reviewing officer. 527. The Colonel, when he has saluted, at the head of the laattalion, will place himself near the reviewing officer, and will remain there until the rear has passed, when he will rejoin the battalion. 528. The colors will salute the reviewing officer when within six paces of him, and be raised when they have passed by him an equal distance. The drums will beat a march or ruffle, ac- cording to the rank of the reviewing officer, at the same time that the colors salute. 529. When the rear of the column has passed the reviewing officer, the Colonel will command, 1. Battalion. 2. Guide left ! and the column will be directed, by turning to the left, to the ground which it previously occupied, when the Colonel will command, 1. Column. 2. Halt. 3. Left, into line, iclieel. 4. March ! 530. When the line is formed in order of battle, the Colonel will cause the ranks to be opened, the officers taking post in front, and the Review will terminate by the whole saluting, as at the beginning. 531. If, however, instructions have been previously given to march the troops past in quick time also, the Colonel will, in- stead of halting the column and wheeling it into, line as above directed, give the command, 1. Quick time. 2. March ! At which command, the column will change the time of march- ing and pass by the reviewing officer, either at sJiouldered, or at support arms ; and no salute will be offered by either officers or men. The music will have kept its position opposite the re- viewing officer, and will commence playing at the same time as is directed, when the battalion passes in common time ; and as GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 95 the column approaches, will place itself in front of, and march off with the column, and continue to play, until the battalion is halted on its original ground of formation. The Review will terminate in the same manner as prescribed above. 532. The Colonel will afterwards cause the troops to perform such exercises and manoeuvres as the reviewing officer may direct. 533. When two or more battalions are to be reviewed, they will be formed in parade order, with the proper intervals, and will also perform the same movements that are laid down for a single battalion, observing the additional directions that are given for such movements when applied to the line. The Bri- gadier, and his staff, on foot, will place themselves opposite the centre of the brigade : the Brigadier two paces in front of the rank of Golonels ; his Aids two paces on his right, and one re- tired ; and the other brigade staff officers those having the rank of field officers, in the rank, of Lieutenant-Colonels and Majors ; and those beloAV that rank in the rank of company officers. 534. In passing in review, a Major General will be four paces in front of the Colonel of the leading battalion of his division ; and the Brigadiers will be on the right of the Colonels of the leading battalions of their brigades ; staff officers on the left of their Generals. 535. Upon occasions when the line exceeds two battalions, the reviewing officer may, at his option, to save time, cause them to march past in quick time. In such cases the mounted officers only will salute. 536. A number of companies less than a battalion vrill be reviewed as a battalion, and a single company as if it were with the battalion. In the latter case, the company may pass in col- umn of platoons* 537. If several brigades are to be reviewed together, or in one line, this further difference will be observed ; the review- ing personage, joined by the General of the division, on the right of his division, will proceed down the line, parallel to its front, and when near the Brigadiers respectively, will be salu- ted by their brigades in succession* The music of each, after 96 EXTRACTS FROM THE the prescribed salute, will play while the reviewing personage is in front, or in rear of it, and only then. 538. The battalions will take, in marching, intervals between them of forty paces. 539. In marching in review, with several battalions, in com- mon time, the music of each succeeding battalion will com- mence to play when the music of the preceding one has ceased, in order to follow its battalion. When marching in quick time, the music will begin to play when the rear company of the preceding battalion has passed the reviewing officer. 540. The reviewing officer or personage will acknowledge the salute, by raising, or taking off his cap, or hat, when the com- mander of the troops salutes him ; and also when the colors pass. The remainder of the time occupied by the passage of the troops he will be covered. 541. The review of Cavalry and Artillery will be conducted on similar principles, and according to the systems of instruc- tions for those arms of service. III. " GUARD MOUNTING.^' 542. Camp and garrison guards will be relieved every twenty- four hours. The guards at outposts will ordinarily be relieved in the same manner, but this must depend on their distances from camp, or other circumstances, which may sometimes re- quire their continuing on duty several days. In such cases they must be previously notified to provide themselves accord- ingly. 543. Thirty minutes before guard mounting, a call will be sounded for the men warned for duty, to turn out on their com- pany parades for inspection by the First Sergeants, superinten- t ended by a commissioned officer of each company. Ten minutes after, a second call will be sounded for the duty men to repair to the regimental or garrison, parade conducted by the First Sergeants. Each detachment as it arrives will, under the direc- tion of the Adjutant, take post on the left of the one that pre- ceded it, in open order, arms shouldered, and bayonets fixed ; the supernumeraries five paces in the rear of the men of their GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 97 respective companies. If the guards are intended for the grand parade, they will take post in the order prescribed above, under the direction of the general staff officers, or his assistant, the Adjutant of the day. 544. The following regulations respecting mounting guards, are drawn up, with reference to the grand parade ; with a few obvious variations, they will equally apply to regimental or garrison parade. 545. The ranks being opened and aligned, the officers of guards will at the word ^^Jronf^ take post twelve paces in front of the centre, in one line, according to rank, and with swords drawn : the Sergeants in one rank, four paces in the rear of the officers ; and the Corporals in one rank, four paces in the rear of the Sergeants ; the whole facing to the front. 546. The Adjutant of the day will dress the lines, count the files, verify the details by reference to the written orders, and tell off the guards, whilst the general staff officer appoints the officers and non-commissioned officers to the several guards, and designates the post which they are to occupy. 547. The staff officer will then command, 1. Officers and non-commissioned officers. 2. Ahouir^face. 3. Inspect your guards — March ! The commander of each guard then commands, 1. Order arms 2. Inspection of arms. The two highest in rank of each guard will divide the ranks between them, accompanied by the other officers, and inspect accordingly, during the inspection the band will play. 548. The inspection ended, the officers, and non-commissioned officers will take post in their respective guards, as though each guard were a company of a battalion, in open order, under review; at which time, also, the officers of the day will take post in front of the centre of the guards, the old officer of the day on the right of the new officer of the day, one pace retired. 98 EXTRACTS FROM THE 549. The staff officer will now command, 1. Parade — Rest! 2. Troop — Beat off! when the music, beginning on the right, will beat down the line in front of the officers of the guards to the left, and back to its place on the right, where it will cease to play. 550. the staff officer continues, 1. Attention! 2. Shoulder — Arms! 3. Close order — March! At the word " close order" the officers will face about ; at " march," resume their posts in line. The officers having taken their posts in line, the staff officer will command, Present — Arms ! At which he will face to the new officer of the day, salute and report, " Sir, the guards areformedT The new officer of the day, after acknowledging the salute, w^ill give the necessary instruc- tions to the staff officer, who will cause the same to be executed, the staff officer giving the word of command. But if the staff officer should be senior to the officer of the day, he would report without saluting with the sword, and immmediately retire. In this case the Adjutant of the day would be instructed to "give the orders, in the following paragraph, or the officer of the day would give them himself. 551. The guard having shouldered arms, and performed such exercises as may be required by the officer of the day, the staff officer w^ill again command, 1. By guard [ov platoon) right icheel. 2. March! 3. Pass in revieiv. 4. Column forward. 5. Guide 7nght. 0. March! when the whole will march past the officer of the day accord- ing to the order of review, conducted by the staff officer, march- ing on the left of the first division ; the Adjutant of the da}^ on the left of the last division. 552. AVhen the column has passed the officer of the day, the GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 99 guards will break off under their respective commanders, and take the route to the several posts assigned them, the staff offi- cers breaking off at the same time ; the m-usic for the parade, which has wheeled out of column, and taken post opposite the officer of the day, will cease, and the old officer of the day- salute, and give the old or standing orders to the new officer of the day. The supernumeraries, at the same time, will be marched by the First Sergeants to their respective company parades, and dismissed. 553. Guards which are assigned to new posts, will be conduc- ted to, and established in them by the officer of the day, and the staff officer detached from head quarters for the purpose. 554. In bad weather, the ceremony of turning off guards on the usual parades may be dispensed with by the officer of the day, and the inspection be made under shelter. Also, in case of guards which may have to mount in the night, or at the close of the day, after fatiguing marches, the ceremony of turning off may be dispensed with ; but never that of inspection. 555. The officer of the day will always be present at guard mounting. No other officer, except a general officer, will inter- fere with, or give any order on the parade to the staff officer on duty there. The commander of the troops or garrison, though under the rank of General, is of course an exception to this rule. 556. The regiment that furnishes the i^djutant of the day, will also furnish the music for the grand parade. 557. The guards are to move in the greatest order to their respective posts, marching by platoons when the road will per- mit. 558. The officer of the old guard having his guard paraded, on the approach of the new guard, commands, Present — Arms ! 559. The new guard will march, in quick time, past the old guard, at shouldered arms, officers saluting, and take post three or four paces on its right, where, being aligned with it, its com- mander will order, 5 100 EXTRACTS FROM THE Present — Arsis ! The two officers will then approach each other, and the relieving officer take his orders from the relieved. Both officers will then return to their respective guards and command, 1. Shoulder — Ar3is! 2. Order — Arms! 560. The officer of the new guard will now direct his Ser- geant to make a list of the guard, dividing them into three re- liefs, and placing the most steady and experienced at the body of the guard, and at the remote and responsible posts ; and will himself proceed to take possession of the guard-house or guard-tent and the articles and prisoners in charge of the guard. 561. During the time of relieving the sentinels, and of call- ing in the small posts, the commanders of the two guards, will, when near the enemy, visit the avenues leading to the post, the old commander giving to the new all the information he may possess relative to the enemy. 562. The detachments and sentinels from_ the old guard hav- ing come in, it will be marched at slwuldered arms along the front of the new guard, in quick time, the new guard standing 2bi presented arms ; officers saluting, and the music of both guards beating, except at the outposts, where it is prohibited. 563. On arriving at the camp, or post, the commander will send the detachments composing it under the charge of an offi- cer or non-commissioned officer, to their respective regiments, unless the officer of the day should be present to inspect the old guard, when he will cause the same to be done under their proper officers. Before the men are dismissed, their pieces will be drawn, or discharged at a target, on rejoining their compa- nies, the chiefs of squads will examine the arms, &c., of their men, and cause the whole to be put away in good order. 564. When the old guard has marched off fifty paces, the officer of the new guard will order his men to stack their arms, or place them in the arm-racks. 565. The commander of the guard will then make himself. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR TftE" AR^JV^Y. 101 acquainted with all the instructions for his po?t; ^isio the &eD- tinels, and question them, the officers and non-commissioned officers, relative to the instructions they may have received from other persons of the old guard. IV. RELIEVING SENTINELS. 566. Sentinels will be relieved every two hours, unless the state of the weather, or other causes, should make it proper or necessary, that it be done at shorter or longer intervale. 567. The first relief having been designated, and ordered two paces to the front, the Corporal of the new Guard will take charge of it, and go to relieve the sentinels, accompanied by the Corporal of the old guard, who will take command of the old sentinels, when the whole are relieved. 568. If the sentinels are numerous, the Sergeants are to be employed, as well as the Corporals, in relieving them. 569. The relief, with arms at a support, in two ranks, will march by a flank, conducted by the Corporal on the side of the leading front rank man : and the men will be numbered alter- nately in the front and rear rank, the man on the right of the front rank being No. 1. Should an officer approach, the Corpo- ral will command, carry arms, and resume the support amis when the officer is passed. 570. The sentinels at the guard house, or guard tent, will be the first relieved and left behind, the one most distant will be the next relieved, and the others in succession, as the relief returns to the guard. 571. When a sentinel sees the relief approaching, he will halt and face to it with his arms at a shoulder. At six paces the Corporal will command, 1. Relief. 2. Halt ! when the relief will halt and carry arms. The Corporal will then add, " No. 1," or " No. 2,'' or " No. 3," according to the number of the post, -4rw5— Port I 102 EX^TCRACTS FROM THE The two sentinels will, with arms at port, then approach each other, when the old sentinel under the direction of the corpo- ral, and in his hearing, will whisper the instructions to the new sentinel. This done, the two sentinels shoulder arms, and the old sentinel will pass, in quick time, to his place, in rear of the relief. The corporal will then command, 1. Relief. 2. Support — Arms ! 3. Forward. 4. March ! and the relief proceeds in the same manner, until the whole are relieved. 572. A relief is always to be marched in the greatest order and the Corporals will be answerable that the sentinels, when relieving, perform their motions with spirit and exactness. V. RECEPTION OF THE OFFICER OF THE DAY BY THE GUARD. 573. When the sentry before the Guard perceives the officer of the day approach, he will call, " Turn out the guardy officer of the day ;^^ when the guard will be paraded, and salute him with presented arms. 574. When the officer of the day approaches the sentry, be- fore the guard, at night, the latter will challenge, "■ Who comes there ;^^ and the first will answer, '' Officer of the day. ^^ The sentinel will reply, "Halt; turn out the guard; officer of the day !'' The guard will be paraded, and the commander of it will direct the Sergeant to advance, who will say, " Advance officer of the day, with the countersign. The officer of the day will give the countersign, when the Sergeant, turning to the officer of the guard, says, *' The countersign is right.' ^ The officer of the guard will then say, " Advance, officer of the day J' He may also demand the parole if he thinks necessary. The guard will stand at shouldered arms. 575. The officer of the day will examine the guard ; see that they are vigilant ; that none are absent ; and that their arms and accoutrements are in order ; that the officers and non-com- missioned officers are acquainted with their duty ; and that the sentinels are properly posted, and have received proper orders. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMV. 103 TI. GRAND ROUNDS. 576. The officer of the day, wishing to make his rounds, will direct an escort of a non-commissioned officer and two men to accompany him. 577. When the rounds are challenged by a sentinel, the Ser- geant will answer, " Grand-i^oiinds !" and the sentinel will reply, " Halt, grand-rounds J ^ Advance, Sergeant, ivith the countersign P^ Upon which, the Sergeant advances and gives the countersign. The sentinel will then cry, " Advarice, ro%inds V^ and stand at a shoulder until they have passed. 578. When the sentinel before the guard challenges, and is answered '' Grand^ounds,'^ he will reply, " Halt, grand- rounds!^^ Turn out the guard ; grand-rounds T^ Upon which the guard will turn out, and be drawn up in good order, at shouldered arms, the officers taking their posts. The officer commanding the guard will then order a Sergeant and two men to advance towards the rounds, and challenge. When within ten paces, the Sergeant will halt, and challenge briskly. The Sergeant of the grand-rounds will answer, '' Grand-rounds !'' The Sergeant of the guard replies, " Stand, Grand-rounds V* " AdvaJice Sergeant ivith the countersign P^ The Sergeant of the rounds advances alone, and having given the countersign returns to his round. The Sergeant of the guard calls to his officer, ^^ The Countersign is right V^ on which the officer of the guard calls, " Advance, rounds J' The officer of the rounds then advances alone ; the guard standing at shouldered arms. The- officer of the rounds passes along the front of the guard immediately to the officer, who keeps his post on the right, and gives him the parole. He then examines the guard, orders back his escort, and, demanding a new one, proceeds in the same manner to other guards. 579. All material instructions given to a sentinel on post by persons entitled to make grand-rounds, ought to be promptly notified to the commander of the guard. 580. All General officers, as well as the commander of the post or garrison, may visit the guards, and go the grand- 104 EXTRACTS FROM THE rounds, and be receiyed in the same manner as prescribed for the officer of the day. ARTICLE XLI. OFFICER OF THE DAY. 622. As soon as the new guard has been marched off, the offi- cer of the day will repair to the quarters of the commanding officer, and report himself, and receive such further instructions as may be necessary. 623. The officer of the day must see that the officer of the guard is furnished with the parole and countersign before re- treat. 624. The officer of the day ^ill visit the guards frequently during the day, at such times as he may deem necessary ; and will also make his rounds, when he visits the guard at night, which must be done after 12 o^clock. 625. Upon being relieved, the officer of the day will make such remarks, in the report of the officer of the guard, as cir- cumstances require, and present the same at head quarters. OFFICER OF THE GUARD. 626. It is the duty of officers on all guards to inspect all re- liefs of sentinels, both when they go on, and come off their posts ; to call the rolls frequently, and by every means in their power, to keep the men under their command in the most perfect state of vigilance and preparation. They will be res- ponsible for the security of the prisoners, and property com- mitted to their charge ; it will be their duty to suppress all riots and disorders, and in case of fire to give the alarm, and be instrumental in extinguishing it. They are also watchfully to superintend the conduct of the non-commissioned officers, taking care that they are correct in the performance of their duty : that they maintain a proper authority, and prevent every species of irregularity among the men. They must particularly ascertain GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 105 that the Corporals themselves are well informed with respect to the orders they are to deliver to the several sentinels, whom they must frequently visit, to he assured that they know their duty, and have received the proper instructions. 627. Officers commanding guards, when going to visit their sentinels, are to mention their intention, and the probable time of their absence, to the next officer in command. 628. The officers are to remain constantly at their guards, ex- cept while visiting their sentinels ; nor are they to enter any house or place of public amusement. 629. Neither officers nor soldiers are, on any account, to take off their clothing or accoutrements while they are on guard, but are always to be in their uniform, fully equipped for the ser- vice. 630. The officer who mounts the camp guard, must give or- ders to the sentinels not to suffer any person to pass in or out of camp, except by one of the guards ; nor then, till the officer of the guard has examined him. 631. The officer of the guard must see that the countersign is duly communicated to the sentinels a little before twi- light. 632. In case one of the guard desert, the officer of the guard must immediately change the countersign, and send notice thereof to the officer of the day, who is to communicate the same to the other guards, and to head-quarters. 634. The officer of the guard will send to the officer of the day at guard mounting, by a non-commissioned officer, a report of his tour of service, according to the following form ; a copy of which will be left with the officer who relieves him : 106 EXTRACTS PROM THE Report of a Guard mounted at — , on the — , and relieved on the — . PAROLE. J! 2 Q i > m S 2 - ARTICLES IN CHARGE COUNTERSIGN. Detail List of the Ckiard. RELIEFS, AND WHEN POSTED. WHERE POSTED. 6 1st Relief, 2d Relief M Relief 1 2 3 4 5 This column will contain the remarks of the officer of the guard ; such as : — the time the guard was visited by the officers of the day ; and an account of every material cir- cumstance that has transpi- red during his tour. Also a note of any damage done to guard-house or tent. List of Prisoners. Names. S o O . Confined. Charges. Sentences. Remarks 6 2; few When By whom. 1 2 3 A. B. Lieut, of Eeginient of , Commanding the Guard. GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 107 DUTIES OF SENTINELS. 636. Sentinels will not allow themselves to be relieved, ex- cept by an officer or non-commissioned officer of their guard or party ; nor will they receive orders from any other than such per- sons, or the commanding officer, or the officer of the day ; which orders will be immediately notified to the commander of the guard, by the officer giving them. 637. Orders or instructions to sentinels, will be given in the most distinct manner, and they will be held strictly accounta- ble that all rules or regulations depending upon their vigilance and attention be punctually observed, or that breaches of them be immediately reported. 638. Sentinels must take the greatest care not to be sur- prised. They must keep themselves on the alert, observing every thing that takes place within sight and hearing, and will habitually walk their posts briskly to and fro. They will carry their arms at support, or on either shoulder, but vdll never quit them, or bring them to an order. In wet weather, if there be no sentry box, they will secure arms. 639. For a sentinel to quit his post without leave, is one of the most serious military offences. It is also forbidden to sentinels to hold conversation with any person, when not necessary for the proper discharge of their duty. 640. During the day sentinels on the outposts must stop every party of men whether armed or not, until they have been exam- ined by the officer of the guard. 641. A sentinel placed over the colors or arms, must suffer no person to touch them, except by order of some officer, or a non-commissioned officer of the guard. If placed over a maga- zine or arsenal, or over supplies of any kind, he will call for the " Corporal of tlie Guard^^^ if any person under the rank of officer wishes to enter or touch them. Placed over prison- ers, he must suffer no person except an officer, or a non-com- missioned officer of his guard, to converse with them ; nor must he permit the prisoners to leave their place of confinement. 642. In case of disorder, a sentinel must call out, " tht 108 EXTRACTS FROM THE guard,^^ and if afire take place, he must cry ^'-fireV^ adding the number of his post. If in either case the danger be great he must discharge his firelock before calling out. 643. It is the duty of sentinels to repeat all calls mad© from posts more distant from the main body of the guard than their own, and no sentinel will be posted so distant as not to be heard by the guard, either directly or through other sentinels. 644. Sentinels will present arms to general and field officers, to the officer of the day, and to the commanding officer of the post. To all other officers they will carry arms. 645. "When a sentinel in his sentry box sees an officer ap- proaching, he will stand at attention^ and as the officer passes, will salute him, by bringing the left hand briskly to the mus- ket, as high as the right shoulder. 646. The sentinel at the guard house, or guard-tent, when he sees any body of troops, or an officer entitled to complinent approach must call, — " turn out the guard V^ 647. Though the regulations dispense with guards turning out as a matter of compliment after sunset, yet sentinels will, when officers in uniform approach their posts, pay them proper attention, by facing to their proper front, and standing steady shouldered amis. This will be observed until the evening ig so far advanced, that the sentinels begin challenging. 648. Immediately after receiving the countersign, and until re^eilley sentinels must challenge all who approach them. They must not suffer any person to advance nearer than the point of their bayonet, until they have received the countersign, placing themselves in the position of '' arms porf^ for that purpose. 649. A sentinel in challenging will call out, — " who comes there f" If answered — '^friend with the counter sign^^* and he be instructed to pass persons with the countersign, he will reply, ' * advance friend with the couyitersign V If answered * ^friends P * he will reply — ** halt friends, advance one with the countersign P* If answered — " relief, '^ *' patrol" or '* grand rounds !" he will reply — halt ! advance sergeant (or corporal) with the counter- sign P' and satisfy himself the party is what it represents itself to be. If he have no authority to pass persons with the coun* GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. 109 tersign, if the wrong countersign be given, or if persons hay© not the countersign, he will cause them to stand and call — " Cor- poral of the guard P^ 650. All persons of whatever rank in the service are required to observe the greatest respect towards sentinels ; and no officer or other person shall make use of any opprobrious terms to- wards a soldier on his post, or attempt to maltreat him, in any manner, under pain of being punished for a breach of disci- pline. ARTICLE LV. 902. Orders are either general or special. General orders, issued from the Head Quarters of the army, are styled Gemral orders ; from other head quarters, they are simply styled Or- ders. They are the orders of the day, and are published as circumstances may render it necessary. They announce the orderly hours at head quarters ; the times and places of the dis- tributions of supplies ; the time and order of march ; the hours of the different beats and signals, of guard mounting, and the assembling of detachments; the regulations of police; the strength and composition of guards, and the periods of their relief; the number and grades of Orderlies, the acts of Con- gress, and the regulations of the War Department, which have reference to the troops, and with which they ought to be made acquainted ; the appointing of General Courts Martial, Courts of Inquiry, Boards of officers, and their sentences and opinions ; the commendations or animadversions which the conduct of the troops may elicit, as well as exhortations suitable to particular occasions ; and in general every occurrence proper to be com- municated to the troops, or others interested. 903. Special orders are such orders as do not relate to the service in general. They have reference to particular objects 110 EXTRACT FROM o'BRIEN ON COURTS MARTIAL. and individuals only. They need not, therefore, be published to the whole army, or to the whole command of the officer who issues them. Besides the particular individual to whom such orders may be sent direct, they are to be communicated as a matter of course to Colonels, or other commanders whom they interest. •^ 4f * -Jf * -K- -X- 907. The parole^ and countersigii, or watchword, are issued from the head quarters of the highest in command. They are in the nature of orders, but are neither general nor special. 908, The head of the order will indicate the source from which it emanates, as well as the place, and date, and the foot of the order v^ill cite the name of the commander who gives the order. EXTRACT FROM O'BRIEN ON COURTS MARTIAL. ON BREACHES OF ARREST. '* The breach of arrest described in the article, has always been held as a very heinous crime and been severely punished. It is looked upon as a violation of honor, pledged either express- ly, or tacitly, by the accused party. It is considered that his arrest is one on honor and that he is freed from the pain of impris- onment, only because his word is understood to be given that he will conform to the restraint imposed. The offence is deemed similar to that of a prisoner of war who violates his parole. The breach of arrest may consist either in transgres- sing the limits prescribed or in violating the particular condi- tions implied or expressly stipulated in the arrest.^' n*.^* YB 48Ci5 ivi64185 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY